The history of the collections contained in the natural history departments of the British Museum

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.

Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.

Usage guidelines

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.

We also ask that you:

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.

+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.

+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.

About Google Book Search

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web

at|http : //books . google . com/

11
THE HISTOEY

OF THE

COLLECTIONS

CONTAINED IN THE

NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENTS

OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (.-v-ot.^,.

VOL. II.

SEPARATE HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF THE

SEVERAL COLLECTIONS INCLUDED IN THE

DEPARTMENT OP ZOOLOGY.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM

SOLD BY
LoNOMAirs & Co., 39 Paternoster Row, E.G. ; B. Quaritch, 15 Piccadilly, W. ;
DUL.A0 & Co., 87 Soho Square, W. ; Eeoan Paui*, Trench,
Tbubneb & Co., Dryden House, 43 Gerrard Street, Soho, W. ;

AND AT THE

Bbttibh Museum (Natural Histort), Cromwell Road, S.W.
1906.
{AH rights reserved.)

LOHDOH :

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,

DTTKX STKKKT, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W

■ail

PREFACE TO VOL. II.

Thk account of the Zoological collections has taken so long in

prejiaration, and is so bulky, that it is considered convenient to

ii;.sue the special accounts of the several collections written by the

Assistant Keepers and Assistants who are in charge of those

col lf.*ct ions, \¥'itliout further delay, as Vol. II. of the History.

An account of the General History of the Zoological Department

is in the press, and will be issued as Vol. III. as soon as revised

and coniplet€Kl.

E. Ray Lankestrk, Director.
British Museum (Natubal Histoby),

IL,ONI>02«, S.W.

July 20tH, XQ06.

^86629

SEPARATE HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS

op THE

SEVERAL COLLECTIONS

INCLUDED IN THE

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY,

VIZ. :

1. MAMMALS

2. DOMESTICATED ANIMALS, HYBRIDS,

ABNORMALITIES ...

H. BIRDS

4. reptiles and batrachians

5. fishp:s
G. insp:cta

7. ARACHNIDA

S. MYRIOPODA

y. MOLLUSCA

10. CRUSTACEA,

ANI

PERIPATUS,

ECHINODERMS,
WORMS, AND ANTHOZOA

11. PROTOZOA, PORIFERA, HYDROZOA, POLYZOA
BRACHIOPODA, AND TUNICATA

PAOH

3

67

79
517
588
651
655
686
701

781

7«;5

VOL- II-

I. MAMMALS.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS, P.R.S.

Officers specially connected with the Collection of
Mammals during its Foundation and Growth.

Of the various officers of the Museum, it does not appear that
any before George Shaw (Assistant, 1791 ; Keeper, 1807-13)
took any particular interest in Mammals, but he was the author
of several works on the subject, of which the l)est known b his
'•General Zoology— Manmialia, 1800-1801" (four volumes).
Some of his types are still extant.

Dr. W. E. Leach (Assistant, 1813) wrote a few articles on
Mammalia, but worked primarily at Insects.

The real maker of the collection was Dr. J. E. Gray (Assis-
tant, 1824; Keeper, 1840-75). To his indomitable energy and
enthusiasm, in the face of much opposition and discouragement
from officials more interested in the Library and Antiquities t|ian
in Natural History, the early growth and position of the Mammal
collection is mainly due. (See below, p. 35.)

From 1873 onwards. Dr. A. GUnther (Assistant, 1862 ; Keeper,
1875-95), who had always taken a general interest in Mammals,
described a certain number of the more striking novelties
among the accessions, and made a MS. list (»f the collection of
Monkeys.

Sir William Flower (Director, 1884-98) took a personal
interest in the general arrangement of the Mammals, and
especially of the Cetaoea, of which he wrote a list in 1885.

Oldfield Thomas, the present Assistant, was appointed in 1876,
and transferred to the Zoological Department in 1878.

R. Lydekker, though not on the permanent staff, should be
mentioned as having had general charge, since 1896, of the exhi-
bited series, and, more recently, of the collections of domesticated

H 2

Zoology.

A Chronolocjical Account op thk Principal Accessions

TO THE COLLECl'ION OF ^IaMMALS UP TO 1904.

Owing ti) the earlier naturalists having had no appreciation
of the value of particulars about specimens, and the conse-
quent absence of records or registers, it is impossible to give
anything like a detailed account of the accessions to the Mammal
collection of the British Museum before 1837. In that year Dr.
J. E. Gray began the first register of accessions, in the form of a
small square octavo volume, replaced in 1838 by a large folio
register arranged on exactly the same plan as at present, so that
from 1838 to the present time there is a continuous and uniforin
record of accessions. The method of numeration in this series of
registers, invented by Dr. Gray, is such that every register
number shows, without further inquiry, the exact date of
incorporation of the specimen it refers to.

Before 1837.

The first specimens received would have been those in the
original collection of Sir Hans Sloane, purchased by the nation
under his will of 1753, and thus forming the nucleus of the
National Museum. Unfortunately no detailed list of the Natural
History collections Ls available, and only some few isolated speci-
mens can be identified as having belonged to it. Of these mention
may be made of the record pair of horns of the Indian Buffalo
(BuhahiA bubalis), 14 feet fn)m tip to tip, round the curves, said
to have been given to Sir Hans Sloane in lieu of doctor's fee by
a barber in East London, and of a horn, 33 inches in length, of
Burchell's Rhinoceros (Diceros simus).

But even older than these are the few specimens that can l>e
identified as from the original Royal Society's collection, described
in 1681 in Grew's " Catalogue of the. . . Rarities belonging to the
Royal Society, and preserved at Gresham College," and transferred
to the British Museum in 1781. Of these the most notable is the
frontlet of the West African Dwarf Buflalo, described by Grew
in 1681, and figured by Pennant in 1781 (Quadr. I., pi. II.,
Fig. III.)> this being, therefore, the type of Boa nawis, Boddaert,
and of Bos pumilusy Turton.

As the identification of other objects from the Royal

Mammals. 5

Society's collection is less certain, this may be looked upon as
the oldest authentic specimen in the Museum collection of
Mammals.

Next in age to the sj)eciinens enumerated by Grew comes the
skeleton of a youn^ Chimpanzee, which was described by Dr. E.
Tyson in 1699 under the title <»f ** Orang-outang, sive Homo
sylvestris ; or the anatomy of a Pigmie compared with that of a
Monkey, Ape, and a Man." It was presented by the Governors
of Cheltenham Hospital in 1 894.

Of nearly the same age are the spirit specimens figured and
df scribed by Seba in 1734, among which are several Linnean
types. These were purchased in 1867 at the sale of the collection
of Prof. Van Lidth de Jeude {q.v. infra).

About 1800, Dr. Latham presented to the Museum the typical
specimen of the Platypus {Omithorhynchus anatinus), which had
been described by Shaw* in 1799.

In 1816 the eminent French naturalist, de Blainville, paid a
visit to London, and certain specimens he then saw and described
would appear to be the next identifiable specimens chronologi-
cally. Of these the Museum possesses the typical face and horns
of the Addax (Addcur nasomactdaim)^ which was then in Bullock's
Museum, and came later intr> the National Collection.

Then followed, " on the 30th September, 1817," the important
collection of the great traveller, William Burchbll, including
a considerable number of the ty}>es of his species. The majority
of his specimens are still represente<l by their skulls and horns,
even when the mounted skins have ])enshed.

From this date to 1837 the chief accessions were the Raffles
Collection (apart from those so disastrously lost in the Fame in
1824), the Hardwicke Bequest, and the series received from
cruizes of the Adventure and Beagle.

At the same time the formation of the Zoological Society's
Museum, started by the ^'Zoological Club'* in 1823, and carried
on until 1855 as an important branch of the Society's work, while
temporarily diverting collections that would otherwise have gone
direct to the National Museum, stimulated workers in all parts
of the world ; and since the resulting series came to their natural
home later on, nothing but benefit to the Museum arose from the
rivalry thus produced.

1837.
Accessions^ 219.
Commencement of registration by Dr. Gray, who about the

6 Zoology.

same time formed a manuscript list of all the specimens then in
the Museum. The principal accession of the year appears to
have been the Cobbb collection from India.

1838.

Registered accessions, 201.

The most important events were the commencement of contri-
butions from Mr. Ronald Gunn from Tasmania, the receipt of the
first South African collections from Dr. Andrew Smith, of the
North American specimens of Dr. Bachman, and of the Chinese
series of Mr. J. R. Reeves.

1839.

Accessions, 144.

1840.

Accessions, 83.

The Krauss Mammals from Natal were received in this year,
and the first contributions from John Crould, who played so
important a part in the zoological exploration of Australia.

1841.

Accessions, 401.

A large consignment of the Grould collection formed the chief
feature of the year.

About this period the Mammalian collections appear to have
been shifted from old Montague House to the new British
Museum, built on the same site. The new building was com-
menced in 1823 and its eastern wing completed in 1828, though
the last portions of Montague House did not disappear till 1845.
When Mr. E. Gerrard joined the staff in 1841 the Mammals
were still in a part of the older edifice.

1842.

Accessions, 562.

Mammals collected in South Africa by Mr. Burke, and pre-
sented by Lord Derby, and others obtained during the Voyage of
the Sulphur^ and presented by Sir E. Belcher, formed the chief
accessions of interest.

1843.

Accessions, 769.

This year saw the arrival of the first and most important part
of the great Hodgson collection, the importance of which is

Mammals. 7

referred to below. A considerable consignment of the Andrew
Smith collection from South Africa ; and the greater part of
the valuable series presented bj Sir George Ghrey from South
Australia were also included.

In 1843, Dr. Gray published the first and only complete list of
the Museum collection of Mammals ; a most valuable work, and
one of constant service in tracing the earlier histories of the
specimens. 3062 specimens were enumerated, assigned to 1031
species.

1844.

Accessions, 636.

A series acquired from the Leyden Museum, representing
species described by Miiller, Schlegel, and Temminck.

Further important contributions from Mr. Gould and Sir
George Grey, and the collections made during the Antarctic
Voyage of the Erebus and Terror under Sir James Ross.'

1845.

Accessions, 1103.

A further large consignment of Mr. Hodgson's Nepalese col-
lections came this year. Also contributions from Dr. Ri^pell
from Abyssinia, and Mr. R. Graham from Para.

1846.

Accessions, 1360.

The Hodgson skulls and skeletons, the first instalment of the
Bridges specimens from Bolivia, the Fraser collection from Tunis,
and the duplicates of the Wahlberg collection from South Africa,
received from the Stockholm Museum, were mainly responsible
for the large increase in 1846.

1847.

Accessions, 587.

Mr. GoBse's Bats from Jamaica, and Mr. Dyson's collection
from Venezuela were the most notable additions this year; besides
additional consignments from Bridges, Fraser, and others.

1848.
Accessions, 413.

1849.
Accessions, 397.
^ledmens from Bahia, presented by Count F. de Castelnau.

8 Zoology.

1850.

Accessions, 574.

1851.

Accessions, 603.

1852.

Accessions, 402.

Gray's Catalogue of the Ungulata, perhaps his most meri-
torious work on Mammals, appeared in this year, and proved a
great stimulus to our knowledge of the group. It is often of
great service in tracing the histoiy of individual specimens.

1853.

Accessions, 267.

In this year the first commencement was made of tho transfer
of the specimens in the Zoological Society's Museum to the
National Museum, but the gi-eat miiss of them came in 1855.

Further consignments of the Gould specimens also came in
this year, after being used for the preparation of his monumental
"Mammals of Australia," 1845-63.

1854.

Accessions, 175.

1855.

Accessions, 582.

This year is memorable in the annals of the Museum for the
receipt of the chief portion of the Zoological Society's Museum,
the most important and hist<»rical acc^ession ever received.

1856.

Accessions, 435.

The Theobald collection of skulls an<l spirit specimens from
India, presented by Prof. T. Oldham, the Sall^ collection of
Central American Mammals, specimens from the Voyage of
tlie HertUdy collected by Mr. J. MacGillivray, and the first con-
signment from Mr. A. R. Wallace form the principal additions
of the year.

1857.

Accessions, 225.

1858.

Accessions, 1174.

In this year came the second part of the Hodgson collection,
formed by him during his residence at Darjiling, Sikhim. The
first parts, received in 1843 and 1845, had been all from Nepal.

Mammals. , 9

1859.

Accessic»iis, 338.

The Siamese collections of Mr. Mouhot, the Ecuadorean series
of Lrjuis Fraser, and the specimens obtained in East Africa
by Capt. Speke, began to come in this year, and Dr. GUnther's
series of skulls was also acquired.

1860.

Accessions, 412.

A large donation of Asiatic Mammals from the old Museum
of the Hon. East India Company was given this year by the
Secretary of State for India.

The collection made by Dr. J. K. Lord on the North American
Boundary Commissi<m of 1859-60 was presented in this year by
the Foreign Office.

1861.

Accessions, 258.

Du Chaillu's Gaboon Mammals, Harris's specimens from
Shoa, and further contributions from Wallace and Mouhot
formed the most important additions. The tirst of the Chinese
Mammals obtained by Consul R. Swinhoe also came in this year

1862.

Accessions, 315.

The chief event of the year was the publication of Gerrard's
'* Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the
British Museum," which enumerated 706 skeletons and 3549
.skulls belonging to 1197 species.

The additions were chiefly further contributions from collectors
already mentioned.

1863.

Accessions, 229.

1864.

Accessions, 304.

In this year came the first of the long series of contributions
by Sir John Kirk from Zambesia and East Africa. Also the
Mammab coUected by Canon H. B. Tristram in Palestine, and
the Gorillas by Du Chaillu in West Africa.

1865.
Accessions, 247.

The Central American Mammals collected by Mr. Osbert
Salvin formed the chief accession of the year.

Mammals. 11

aeries of Persian MammalR, collected by Dr. W. T. Blanford, and
illustrative of his work in that country.

1875.

Accessions, 291.

A further series from Central America, collected by Mr. O.
Salvin, forms the chief feature of the year.

1876.

Accessions, 397.

Mammals from Borneo, collected by Sir Hugh Low, from Asia
Minor, by Mr. C. G. Danford, and from Colombia, by Mr. T. K.
Sahnon, form the chief additions of 1876.

1877.

Accessions, 220.

Mammals from New Britain, collected by the Rev. G. Brown,
and described by Messrs. Alston aiid Dobson, and the first con-
tributions from that most successful collector, Mr. A. H. Everett,
w»e added in this year.

1878.

Accessions, 275.

A collection of Cochin China Mammals, presented by M. Pierre,
»nd a series of the Mammals obtained by Dr. Otto Finsch during
the Bremen Geographical Society's expedition to West Siberia,
were the most important additions.

But the chief event of the year was the publication of Dr.
G. E. Dobson's Catalogue of Chiroptera, which at once took
position as the standard work on the subject. 2666 specimens
were enumerated.

1879.

Accesaons, 1064.

In this year the only accession to be compared in importance
with that of the Zoological Society's Museum in 1855 took place;
^mely, that of the Indian Museum, the collection formed by the
Hon, East India Company. This was presented by the Secretary
**te for India. The specimens received on its final dispersal
were 695. The private collection of Mr. E. R. Alston was
presented by the owner m 1879.

A 1980.

-^ccesmona, 568.

^g^^^^^»«»mal8 from Japan (H. Pryer), Asia Minor (Danford),
'^^^'**^^ (Biickley)/and a large number of Indian Rodents,

12 Zoology.

presented by Dr. W. T. Hlauford, were the mast noteworthy
additions.

In December of this year the Zoological Department was
moved from its old quarters at the end of the Egyptian Gallery,
in the position where the Phigjileian and Mausoleum Rooms of
the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities now are, to
the gallery vacated by the (geological Department on the
removal of the latter to South Kensington.

1881.

Accjessions, 263.

The first instalment of the valuable Peruvian collections,
received in exchange from the Branicki Museum, Warsaw, came
in this year, the set being those collected by Dr. J. Stolzniann.

1882.

Accessions, 372.

Mammals from Madagascar (Rev. W. Deans Cowan), Mexico
(A. Forrer), Algeria (F. Lataste), Rio Grande do Sul (H.
von Iliering) form noteworthy additions. The first contribution
from the Challenger Expedition also came in this year.

1863.

Accessions, 225.

The first of the fine series of big game animals obtained by
Mr. F. C. Selous were acquired in 1883.

In this year the Zoological Collections were transferrecl from
the old British Museum building in Bloomsbury to the Natural
History Museum at South Kensington. The exhibited series
were arranged in two galleries; the upper containing only skulls
and skeletons, and the lower the stuffed specimens. The study
series was placed in recesses beliind the exhibition cases of the
upper galler}'.

1884.

Accessions, 462.

The first of the many specimens collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes
in the East Indian Archipelago were received this year. Also
the first of Col. J. W. Yerbury's donations from Aden.

1885.

Accessions, 755.

The specimens collected by Mr. (afterwards Sir) H. H. John-
ston on Mount Kilimanjaro, received in this year, formed the first

Mammals. 13

instalment of the large series with which he has enriched the
Museum.

The event of the year was, however, tlie reception of the
Indian and Malayan Mammals, 371 in number, presented by
Mr. Allan O. Hume to the Museum, supplemented in 1891 by
the donation of his magidficent collection of heads and horns.

1886.

Accessions, 380.

The specimens collected by Dr. J. E. T. Aitchison, while
on the Afghan Delimitation Commission of 1885, were* presented
in this year, as also were the first of the many donations of the
Marquis G. Doria, Director of the Genoa Museum, and of
Mr. F. W. Styan from China.

1887.

Accessions. 396.

The first of Mr. C. M. Woodford's interesting contributions
from the Solomon Islands, of Mr. F. J. Jackson's from British
East Africa, as well as Mr. W. L. Sclater's collection fnmi
British Guiana, and the famous collection made by Emin Pasha
in Equatorial Africa were presented this year.

1888.

Accessions, 700.

A series of heads and horns, presented by Mr. K. Lydekker,
a number of small Mammals from Texas, presented by Mr. W.
Taylor, and the first of the collections made by Dr. Percy
Kendall were the chief accessions. In this as in many succeeding
years, a number of Central American Mammals were presented
by Messrs. F. I). Godman and O. Salvin.

The Catalogue of Marsupialia and Monotremata, by Oldfield
Thomas, was published in this year. 1304 Hpeciniens were
enumerated.

1889.

Accessions, 366.

The first of Dr. Charles Hose's Bornean collections was
acquired.

1890.

Accessions, 422.

Mr. St. Geo. Littledale's Central Asian contributions com-
menced this year, and Emin Pasha's second collection was also
received.

Mammals. 15

Darling, the commeucement of the Child collections from Bogota,
presented by Oldiield Thomas, and the remarkable series from
Luzon and Borneo, collected by Mr. J. Whitehea<l, were the most
noteworthy additions.

1896.

Accessi(»ns, 540.

Consul Soderstroni, of Quito, began his many donations in this
year, and the first acquisitions from Mr. G. L. Bates (French
Congo), and Mr. A. S. Meek (Papuasia) came in.

In this and the succeeding year the exhibited series of
Mammals was completely rearranged by K. Lydekker ; the osteo-
logical and mounted series being amalgamated, and placed in the
Lower Mammal Grallery and half of the upper one, the other half
of the latter being utilised for the enormously increased study
series.

1897.

Accessions, 2330.

This, the largest number as yet reached, was made up by a
number of important collections, of which the most noticeable
were those of Dr. Forsyth Major from Madagascar, Sir H. H.
Johnston from North Nyasa Land, Mr. F. C. Selous from Matabili
Land, Dr. L. Loria from New Guinea, Mr. T. H. Lyle from Siam,
Mr. J. A. Wolfl&ohn from Valparaiso, and Mr. Outram Bangs
from North America.

The first contributions from Capt. G. E. Barrett-Hamilton,
afterwards an assiduous helper in the scientific work of the group,
also came in this year.

The arrangement of the New Cetacean Gallery by Sir W. H.
Flower, assisted by Mr. R. Lydekker, took place in 1897-98.

1898.

Accessions, 2161.

Most notable additions : Collections contributed by Dr. S. L.
Hinde (East Africa) ; Mr. R. J. Cuninghame (Norway and Egypt) ;
Mr. R. M. Hawker (SomaliLand) ; Mr. J. I. S. Whitaker (Morocco
ooUected by Dodson) ; and Mr. O. Thomas (South America, col-
lected by R. Perrens, G. D. Child, O. Garlepp, and G. K Cherrie).

The Nyasa Land collections, begun by Sir H. H. Johnston,
were continued under his successor. Sir Alfred Sharpe.

1899.
Accessions, 1702.
In ibis year the successful collecting expedition of Mr. Perry

It) Zoologjf,

C). Simons U> the Andes was c<jmnienced. the Mammals ohtainerl
lM-in«; presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Other notable additions were e<iIlections presented by Dr. C
Hose (Bornefi) ; I^ird Delamere (East Africa and Somali Land) :
Mr. F. W. Styan (Szechuen) ; Capt. W. (iiffard (Gold Coast);
and Mr. C. Stuart Betton (East Africa). A series of South
American Mammals was received from the Lii Plata Museum,
and sets collected }>y (5. K. Chenic, J. H. Iktty, <i. Child, and
S. Briceuo were presented by Oldticld ThonuL**.

1900.

Atrccs.sii »i IS. 1 784.

i>esides the imjNirtant series received from the Simons' expedi-
tion, fri»m l>r. H4»>e, Mr. Wolffs* »iin, and other ret^ular contributors,
the mast notable accessions were the collt*ctions of l^ird Lovat
(Abyssinia); l)r. E. Donaldson-Smith (N.E. Africa) ; Capt. S. S.
Flower (White Nile) ; ^Ir. H. J. Wat.son (Panama) ; Prof. H, J.
Mackinder (Mt. Kcnia) ; and a .series from the Balearic Islands
collecti'd by Oldticld Thomas and K. I. P<K-«Kk.

4 Mioi 1901-

Accessions, \\31A.

The chief events of this year were the cxjmmencement of the

South l^razilian e.\pediti(m of A. liol>ert, fnim whom valuable

series have wime ; the donation of the larj^ Uganda i*«»l-

lection of Sir Harry JohiLston, including the famous specimens

of the Okapi, an<l tiiat of tlie Quelch collection from British

Guiana, presiMited by Mr. F. V. Mi-Connell. Other noteworthy

acces.siorLs were tlie Southern Croas col lecti<»iis, given by Sir (ieorge

Newncs, and series from Shendy, Soudan (pre.sented by the

Hon. N. Charles Bothschild), l':ast Africa (A. B. Percival), Upper

Nile (K. M. Hawker), Deelfontein. Cape Colony (Col. Slo^'gett),

Canada (E. Hiillis). and Parai;uay (W. Foster).

1902.

Ai*cessij »n >, 1 '.'.'i ").

The most notable additions of the year were the coLlecti<in
made in Tripoli by E. Dods4m, and presenttnl l)y Mr. J. 1.
S. Whitaker, the Ci»iba Island series, presented l)y the Hon.
Walter Rothschild, that from the Liu Kiu Islands, by the Hon.
N. Charles Kothschild. and the Abys.^inian ci»llection made by
Mr. E. Degen. The bust year t>f the Simons' exploration, resulting
in the CtK'habamba, Oruro, and Cruz <lel Eje series, ended most
sadly in the death of that admirable collector.

Mammals. 17

1903.

Accessions, 2623.

The chief event of this year was the commencement of the
important zoological exploration of South Africa, for which the
fonds were provided by Mr. C. D. Rudd. The collector,
Mr. C. H. B. Grant, who had hitherto been working for
GoL Sloggett, commenced to travel for Mr. Rudd in January,
and successively made collections near Cape Town, in British
Namaqua Land, and in Zulu Land.

Of accessions the most important were the final collections
from Deelfontein, Cape Colony, presented by Col. Sloggett ;
a collection from Uganda, presented by Col. C. Delm6-Radcliffe ;
a fine series from the Malay Peninsula obtained and presented
by Messrs. H. C. Robinson and N. Annandale ; mammals
fran the Soudan, presented by Major H. N. Dunn ; a series
from the islands off the coast of Panama, presented by the
Hon. Walter Rothschild; five considerable collections made
by M. Alphonse Robert in South America, from Matto Grosso
(presented by Mrs. Percy Sladen), from Paran4 (purchased),
from sEspirito Santo, Bahia and Pemambuco (presented by
Oldfield Thomas).

1904.

Accessions, 2461.

The collections received from South Africa and presented by
Mr. C. D. Rudd formed the most important accession of the
year. 122 specimens were sent from British Namaqua Land,
204 from Zulu Land, and 109 from the Wakkerstroom district of
the Transvaal.

Other notable additions were the Angolan series obtained by
Dr. W. J. Ansorge, the set from Fernando Po obtained by Mr.
£. Seimund, and presented by the Duke of Bedford, Mrs. Percy
Sladen, and the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Major Dunn's mammals
from Somali Land, and Mr. Robert's collection from Para.

Of individual additions attention might be drawn to the new
Forest Pig {Hylochcerus), discovered in British East Africa by
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen, which formed the most interesting
mammalian discovery since the Okapi.

In the last three years, as in many previous ones, collections
were constantly being contributed by the Museum's regular
correspondents and benefactors, of whom the following may be
VOL. n. 0

18 Zoology.

iigain specially mentioned : — ^F. W. Styan, C. B. Rickett, and
J. D. La Touche (China); R. C. Wroughton (India) ; Dr. C. Hose
(Borneo); T. H. Lyle (Siam); St. G. Littledale (Siberia); C. S.
Betton, Sir A. Sharpe, R. J. Cuninghame, Major H. N. Dunn,
Col. A. T. Sloggett, A. B. Percival, Capt. R. Crawshay,
S. L. Hinde, J. ff. Darling, and G. L. Bates (Africa) ; E. HoUis
(Canada) ; J. A. Wolfl&ohn, W. Foster, R. Miketta, L. DineUi
and others (South America).

In comparing the number of accessions with those of other
Museums, it has to be remembered that the numbers here given
are those of the selected registered set, and that all duplicates
are eliminated before registration. From eight to fifteen adult
specimens of a species from any one locality are generally thought
sufficient to illustrate its characters, even when more are available,
and the enormous series of individuals absorbed by some Museums,
combined with the enumeration of all of them, duplicates or not,
make up totals on which no true comparison with the British
Museum numbers can be based.

The same fact should be borne in mind by donors and col-
lectors, who may find that the number of specimens here credited
to them are less than the actual number originally sent.

Alphabetical List op the more important Contributors
TO THE Collection of Mammals.

Note. — ^The date following the sender's name indicates the
year when the first contribution came in from him. Many,
perhaps the majority, of the persons here enumerated continued
to send in collections over a long period of years.

Edward VII. (His Majesty Ejng). [1883]

Skulls of a Rhinoceros and two Tigers from Nepal, a Boar from
Windsor Forest, and a number of small Mammals from Sandriugham.
Presented.

Aitchison (Dr, J. E. T.). [1886]

89 Mammals collected during the African Delimitation Commission of
1885. {See 0. Thomas, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. v., p. 55, 1889), and others
from Kashmir, including the typo of Microtus aiichisoniy Miller. Pre-
sented.

Mammals. 19

"Alert," H.M.S.

See FEII.DEK, Col. H. W., and Ck)PPiNGER, Dr. R. W.

Alexander {Capt Sir J. E.). [1838]

A number of Mammals from Damara Land. Purchased. Include the
types of Oeorycktts damarensis, Mctcroscelides aiexandri, and M. mda-
fto<tf, ChrysodUcris damareMts, and Chraphiurus elegans^ all described by
Ogilby (Proc, Zool. Soc., 1838, p. 5).

Alaton (Edwabd R.) [1876-84]

Author of the 'Mammalia' of the **Biologia Central!- Americana,"
and of many papers on Mammals.

110 small Mammals from various localities ; mostly European. Pre-
sented.

American Mnseom of Natural History, New York.

[1902]
71 Mammals from the Western United States and from Santa Marta,

Colombia. Beceived in exchange.

Includes representative specimens of a number of species described by

Dr. J. A. Allen.

Anderson {Br. John). [1876]

Formerly Director of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Author of '* Zoology of the Yunnan Expedition,** the " Mammals of
Egypt" (in conjunction with W. E. de Winton), and of many separate
p^)ers on Mammals.

346 Mammals from India, Arabia and Egypt Presented after his
death by Mrs. Anderson.

During the latter part of his life Dr. Anderson carried out a systematic
investigation of the Egyptian Faima, and the whole of the specimens so
obtained have been presented to the Museum.

Andersson (C. J.). [1852]

Traveller in South-Eastem Africa, and author of " Lake Ngami,** 1856,
and other works.

35 small Mammals from Namaqua Land and Damara Land, including
the types of several new species. Purchased.

Other Damara Land specimens were received in the Tomes collection.

Andre (K). [1900]

101 Mammals from Venezuela and Panama, including the types jof
Eekimys panamensis, Thos., and Zygodontomys tkomoLsi, Allen. Pur-
chased.

Andrews (Dr. C. W.). [1899]

Assistant in the Geological Department.

51 Mammals from Chnstmas Island, forming the basis of the Mammal
part of his Monograph of Island (1900), and including the type of
FipUtrdltu murrayi, Andr. Presented by Sir John Murray, K.C.B.

Specimens from Egypt and elsewhere were presented by Dr. Andrews.

Ansorge (Dr. W. J.). [1896]

68 Mammal g from Uganda and the Niger, including the types of
Lo]^romy8 ansorget, De Winton. Presented and purchased.

145 Mammals from Angola, including 9 types. Purchased.

o 2

20 Zoology.

Arce (E.). [1869.J

A number of Mammals from Yeragua and Panama, including the
types of various species described by Dr. Gray.

Audubon (J. J*.). [1846]

Joint author with the Rev. John Bachman of " The Quadrupeds of
North America," 1854.

Nine large Mammals from North America. Presented.

Others presented by him to the Zoological Society, were transferred
with their Museum in 1855.

Bachman (Dr, John). [1838]

Author, in conjunction with J. J. Audubon, of the *' Quadrupeds of
North America,*' 1854.

A considerable number of Mammals from N. America, some presented
direct, others through the Zoological Society, from whose Museum they
were transferred in 1855.

The types of many of the species described by Dr. Bachman are
among these specimens.

Baden-Powell (Sir Geobob), Bart [1891]

18 skulls and skins of seals and other animals from Bering Sea,
obtained during the Seal Commission of 1891. Presented.

Baikie {Br. W. B.). [1862]

Author of " Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up the Rivers Kwora
and Binue (commonly known as the Niger and Tsadda), in 1854."

19 Mammals collected during the Niger Expedition. Purchased.

Baker (Joseph). [1839]

31 British Mammals, from Melboum, Cambridgeshire. Presented.

Baker {Sir Samubl). [1874]

African traveller, sportsman, and writer.

Skulls of African Elephant and Hippopotamus, and the typical skin of
Ghuy's Heterohyrax hakeri. Presented.

Bangs (Outbam). [1895]

45 small MammiEds from North America, including paratypes of many
species described by him.

Barclay (Theo. C). [1899]

15 Mammals from Sumatra. Presented.

Bamston (Geobgb). [1843]

Author of papers on the "Natural History of Hudson's Bay,'*
1841-61.

9 Mftmrnitla from Osuaburg, Hudson's Bay. Presented.

Barrett-HamUton {Capt. G. E. H.). [1897]

13 Mammals obtained during the Bering Sea Seal Commission of 1896,

and 111 collected in the Orange River Colony duriog the Boer war.

Apart from the donation of specimens, Capt. Barrett-Hamilton has

rendered very important service to the Museum by the help he has given

in working out collectious and describing new species from the Palsarctic

Region.

Mammals. 21

Bartlett (Edwabd). [1866]

66 Mammals from the Rirer Ucayali and other parts of the Upper
Amazons, also from Surinam. Purchased.

Among others the skeleton of the rare Dolphin Inia ffeoffrayi, and the
types of Ateles hariletti. Gray, Proech%my$ brevicauda and ferruginem^
G^th., and Zygodontamys microiinu$,Thos., were obtained by Mr. Bartlett.

Bate (Ifw D. M. A.). [1903]

51 Mammals from Cyprus, including the type of Acomys nesiotesy Bate.
See Bate, P.Z.S., 1903, ii., p. 341.

Bates (G. L.). [1896]

402 Mammals from the Cameroons and the French Congo, including
the types of a number of remarkable new forms, such as Anomalwui
ktfeit, Funiiciurtu mystax, &c., described by W. E. de Winton. Pre-
sented and purchased.

Bates (H. W.). [1856]

Author of " The Naturalist on the River Amazon," 1863.

Mammals from different parts of the Amazons, and among others the
types of the Amazonian Dolphin (Sotalia tucuxi. Gray). Purchased.

A number of bats received in the Tomes collection.

Batty (J. H.). [1899]

56 Mammals from Call, Colombia, including the types of Co^uromys
pyrrhus^ Thos., and Marmosa caucM, Thos. Presented by Oldfield
Thomas.

Also 160 from the Islands W. of Panama, including the tjrpes of
OdocoiUus rotfuchUdi, Diddphis hcUtyi, and others. Presented by the
Hon. W. Rothschild.

See Thomas, Novit ZooL, ix., p. 135, 1902, and x., p. 39, 1903.

Beddome {Col. R. H.). [1880]

24 Mammals from Southern India, mostly from the Nilgiri Hills.
Presented, either direct, through Sir Walter Elliot or Dr. W. T. Blanford.

Including the type of Mus Han/ordi, Thos.

Bedford (Hbbbrakd Abthub Russell, llth Duke of), K.G.,
President of the Zoological Society, and H.G. The Dnchess
of Bedford.

3d Mammals, mostly large, from different parts of the world.

The Museum owes to the Duke and Duchess of Bedford a considerable
number of admirable specimens of Mammals, suitable for mounting, from
their private menagerie at Wobum Abbey. In the recent rearrangement
of the exhibited series these specimens, in good condition, have proved
of very great service.

Among others the types of Alces bed/orduB, Cervus hedfordianus^ and
C. tatnsttxki have been presented.

His Grace also contributed towards the expenses of the Seimund
Expedition to Fernando Po, and other expeditions now in progress.

Belcher (Cdpi. Sir E.), R.N. [1842]

51 Mammals obtained during the exploring voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur,
183^-42, and described by Dr. Gray in the Mammalia part of the
"Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur,'' 1844.

Among others the type of the remarkable Bat, Centurio senac. Gray,
was contained in this series. •

22 Zoology.

Bennett {Dr, George), of Sydney. [1837]

A number of animals from New South Wales referred to by G. R.
Waterhouse, Dr. Gray, and others in the Proc. Zool. Soc., London, and
elsewhere.

Bennett (Dr. George F.), son of the foregoing.

16 Mammals from Port Stevens, New South Wales. Presented.

Betton (C. Stuart). [1897]

86 Mammals from British East Africa, collected during the con-
struction of the Uganda Railway. Presented.

Including types of Genetta bettoni and Pedetes surdaster, Thos.

Biddulph {Col John). [1875]

29 Mammals from Yarkand and other parts of Central Asia, including
the types of Ochotona ladacensis and macrotisy Lepus yarkandensis and
pamireTisis, Giinther. Presented.

Bingham {Col C. T.). [1882]
Mammals from Tenasserim. Presented.

Blackler (W. G.). [1903]

13 Mammals from Smyrna, including the types of Meriones blackleri
and Mu8 smymensis. Presented.

Blanford {Dr. W. T.). [1862]

Naturalist to the Abyssinian Expedition of 1868; Deputy Superin-
tendent of the (reological Survey of India, and Author of ''The Geology
and Zoology of Abyssinia," 1870; "Eastern Persia," 1876; "The
ManmoAls of India," 1887-91, and a large number of papers on Indian
Mammals.

Specimens from Abyssinia, presented by the Viceroy and Council of
India, and including the material on which Mr. Blanford's work on
Abyssinia was based. Includes the type of Lepus tigrensis.

Specimens from Persia, illustrating " Eastern Persia,'* and including
types of Vulpes canus, Meles canescens, Mus arianus, OerbiUus nanus,
Myoxus pietusy described in that work.

About 450 Mammals from India, mostly referred to in the " Fauna of
British India,*' and including the types of Microtus wynnei, Blanf.,
Crocidura Jeucogenys, Dobs., Chimarrogah sikimensis, De Wint,
Frionodon maculosuSf Blanf., and others. Presented.

Dr. Blanford was one of the most generous donors to the National
Museum, and has also rendered it great service by working out collections
and by stimulating other naturalists to contribute.

Blyth (Edward). [1865]

Curator of the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta,
and author of a large number of papers on Indian and African Mammals.

22 Mammals from India, including typical specimens of Sciurus
phayreif Blyth, S. berdmoreiy Blyth, and Flatacantkomys lasiurusj Bl3rth.
Presented.

Also the typical horns of Buhalis majors Blyth, from West Africa.
Purchased.

Bock (Carl). [1879]

29 Mammals from Sumatra. Purchased.

Mammals. 23

Bonhote (J. Lewis). [1899]

32 Mammals from various localities, mostly from the Bahamas.
Pmented.

The Museum is also indebted to Mr. Bonhote for much assistance in
working out recent accessions from the Oriental region.

Boys {Capt. W. J. K). [1848]

64 Mammals from India. Purchased.
Bricefio (S.). [1898]

127 Mammals from Merida, Venezuela, including the types of a large
number of species and sub-species. PreseDted by Oldfield Thomas or
purchased.

Seiior Bricefio has lived many years at Merida, and has sent to
England representatiyes of nearly aU the Mammalian fauna, most of which
have on arrival proved to need descri|>tion. The most notable species
discovered by him are Nasua o, meridensis, Oryzamys flavicans, 0. meri"
den$u and O. vestitiu^ RhipidomyB venezuelm and R, venusiu$, Marmosa
dryas, M. marica and M./uscata.

Bridges (Thoxas). [1843]

254 Mammals, mostly small, from Chili, Bolivia, and Argentina.
Purchased, either direct from Mr. Bridges, or from his agent, H. Cuming,
or received with the Zoological Society's Museum.

After Darwin, Mr. Bridges was the first English naturalist to collect
systematically the small Mammals of South America. He obtained
considerable series of many obscure species, making at the same time
most careful observations on their distribution and habits. Unfortunately
owing to the lax ideas about geography then prevalent, his specimens
were simply recorded as being from " Chili," and their exact nabitats,
with a few exceptions, were lost.

The specimens were worked out by Mr. G. B. Waterhouse, then
Curator of the Zoological Society's Museimi, by whom many new and
interesting forms were described. The Rodent volume of Mr. Water-
house's '* Natural History of the Mammalia " (1848) refers constantly to
Mr. Bridges's specimens and observations.

Of the many types in the Bridges collection the most notable are
those of Ikuypus velleroBtUf Octodon hridgesiif Aconmmys ftuau,
Ctenomys hrasilieMis and C, lewodon^ and Cavia holivicnsis.

Some letters by Mr. Bridges recording his observations are published
in the 'Proceedings' of the Zoological Society for 1841, p. 93; 1843,
pi 129 ; 1844, p. 153 ; and 1846, p. 7.

Brooke {Sir Douglas), Bart. [1895]

28 specimens, being a selection from the Mammals in the coUection
formed by his father. Sir Victor Brooke, and including the types of
Oarxnu mesopotamicus, Brooke, and Cephalaphus hrookei, Thos. Presented.

Brooke (Sir J.), Rajah of Sarawak. [1845]

18 'M'<fcTnTnftlg from Sarawak, including, among others, the specimens
of the "Lesser Orang," Simia morio^ described by Prof. Owen.
Presented.

Brookes's Musenm. [1829]

Unfortunately but few specimens can be identified as having come
from '* Brookes's Museum," of which a catalogue was published in 1829.
Among thfifle is the type of Adlo euvteri^ Leach.

24 Zoology.

Brown (Befo. Gbobgb). [1877]

Missionary in Now Ireland*

41 Mammals from the Duke of York Islands, New Britain, and New
Ireland (now the Bismarck Archipell^B;o), being the materials on which
Dr. Dobson's and Mr. Alston's papers in the 'Proceedings' of the
Zoological Society for 1877 and 1878 were founded. They include the
types of Rousettus hrachyotist Dobs., Cephalotes major^ Dobs., Mdony^
cteria mdanopSf Dobs., Mctcropus lugens, Alst., Uromys ru/escens, Alst,
and Mfts browni, Alst.

Buckley (Clabbnce). [1872]

97 Mammals from Ecuador. Purchased.

These include a number of specimens described by Dr. Gray at
various times, and also the materials of a special paper by 0. Thomas
(Proc. ZooL Soc., 1880, p. 393).

Among the types included are those of Tremarcios omatus majori^
Nasua quichua^ Bassaricyon alleni^ Thos., Tapirw leucogenys, T, enig-
tncUicus and T. ecuadorensis. Gray, TcUu pastasm, Thos.

Budapest, Hungarian National Museum. [1894]
74 small Mammals from Hungary. Received in exchange.

BuUer {Dr. A. C). [1892]

174 Manmials from Mexico, mostly from Jalisco, including the types
of Oeomys hutteri, Thos., and Bhogeessa alleni, Thos. Purchased.

Bullock's Museum. [About 1820]

Some few specimens, but unfortunately very few, were purchased at
the sale of ''Bullock's Museum," which existed in London during the
early years of last century, and contained many specimens describ^ by
early writers on Mammals. The majority of the animals were dispersed
abroad, many interesting and historical specimens being thereby lost.
An accoimt of the contents is given in the *' Companion to Mr. Bullock's
London Museum," 1812. Seepostea^ p. 208.

Of those that can be identified, the most notable is the typical scalp
and horns of Addax na8omacuJ<itu8f described by De Blain^le when in
England in 1816.

Burchell {Dr. William J.). [1817]

A nimiber of Mammals obtained by this famous traveller during his
explorations in South Africa, and referred to in his "Travels in the
Interior of Southern Africa," 1822-1824.

*' A list of quadrupeds brought by Mr. Burchell from Southern Africa
and presented by him to the British Museum on the 30th of September,
1817," was published in pamphlet form about 1818, and contains a list of
the specimens, their exact localities, dates, and native names. Many of
Burchell's specimens were spoilt, owing to defective methods of conserva-
tion ; but others are still preserved, or at least their skulls and horns.
The most interesting still existing is the type of the Brindled Gnu
(Connochmtet tauriniUy Burch.), and the frontlet of that of the Sassaby
(Damdltscue lunattUf Burch.). The type of Equus hwrchelU^ (^ray, has
unfortunately disappeared.

Burnett {Sir William), and Fitzroy {Capt R.), BJS.
See Dabwin, Ghablbs.

Mammals. 25

Bnrton {Sir Bichard F.). [1862]

45 Mammals from the Cameroons and other localities. Presented and
purchased.

The famous traveller, Sir R. Burton, collected specimens wherever he
hsd the opportunity. He obtained many rare and interesting forms,
UDong which may be mentioned the types of Sciurus isabella, Gray,
and Mu8 burtoni^ Thos.

Butter (A. L.). [1898]

29 Mammals from the Malay Peninsula and the Soudan. Presented.
Butter (A. E.).

An albino Reindeer from British Columbia and the type of a new
GazeUe ((?. soemmerringii hutteri) from N.E. Africa.

Biittikofer (Dr. J.). [1887]

Autiior of "Reisebilder aus Liberia" (1890).

7 Mammals from Liberia, including examples of the rare Pigmy
Hippopotamus (E. liberiensis), Striped Duiker {CepTuUophus dorim\ and
the type of Jentink's Duiker (Cephalophus jerUinki^ Thos.). Purchased.

Cap Horn, Mission Scientifique de. [1885]

8 small Mammals collected by the French Transit of Venus Expe-
pedition of 1882-1883; described by 0. Thomas in Mihie-Edwards's
" Mission Scientifique de Cap Horn " (Comptes Kendus, xcvii., p. 1343,
1884). Presented by the Paris Museum.

Caracciolo (H.). [1889]

45 Bats and other Mammals from Trinidad, including the types of
Vampyrops caraoeioU and Oalera barhara trinitatis. Presented.

Cavendish (H. S. H.). [1898]

Specimens of large Mammals obtained during his expedition to Lake
Bodolf in 1897, including the type of Madoqua cavendishif Thos.
Presented.

''Challenger/' H.M.S.; Voyage of the. [1880]

83 Mammals collected on the surveying voyage of the Chdllengtr
Presented by the Lords of the Treasury.

Chapman (Frank M.). [1897]

86 Mammals from Jalapa, Mexico, including paratypes of severa
species described by Allen and Chapman, and the type of Oryzomys
oiapmani, Thos. Purchased. See Allen, J. A., and Chapman, F. M.,
*«(hi a collection of Mammals from Jalapa, Mexico" (Bull. Am. Mus.
N. H., ix., p. 197, 1897).

Also 18 from Trinidad, being part of the material used by the same
authors in working oat the Mammals of that island. Presented by
Oldfield Thomas.

Charlton (Andbew). [1846]

8 Mammals from Malacca, including the type of Pteromys punetcUtu
Gray. Presented.

Cheeseman (T. R). [1885]

30 skulls of Maoris. Presented.

** From a Maori burial-cave called Maunu, in the Whangarei district. '

26 Zoology.

Cherrie (G. K). [1898]

97 Mammals from the Orinoco and Cayenne, including the types of
Proechimys cherriei, Loncheres punctatus^ Peramys orinoci^ and other
new species. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Chicago, Field Colombian Mnseam. [1902]

140 Mammals from western United States. Received in exchange.
Including representative specimens of species described by the curator,

Prof. D. G. Elliot.

ChUd (Geo. D.). [1895]

164 Mammals from the neighbourhood of Bogota, being the first
specimens received from that region and including the types of a large
number of new species described by the donor. The most notable of
these is the interesting Cmnolestes ohBcurus, on which was based, "On
CmnolesteSf a still existing survivor of the Epanorthidae of Ameghino,
and the representative of a new family of recent Marsupials *' (Proc. Zool.
Soc., 1895, p. 870). Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Christiania Museum. [1884]

83 specimens from Norway, South Africa, and Australia, many of the
latter collected by Dr. Carl Lumholtz and Dr. Dahl, being typical
examples of species described by Dr. Robert Collett, the Director.
Received in exchange.

Christy (Dr. Cuthbbbt). [1899]
16 Mammals from the Niger. Presented.

Clapperton (Cavt. H.), B.K, and Denham (Col D.).

[About 1825]

A few specimens from their expedition to Lake Tchad in 1822-1824.
Presented.

Clarke (T. W. H.). [1891]

A series of Antelopes and other animals from Somali Land, including
the type of the Dibatag (Ammodorcas darkei, Thos.). Presented.

Cobbe (LieuL-Col). [1837]

About 60 Indian Mammals.

Purchased at Christie^s, " at the sale of the late Lieut.-CoL Cobbe,
Political Agent at Moorshedabad " (Bengal).

Cock (Capt. Hubebt), B,A. [1904]

22 Mammals from Northern Nigeria. Presented.

Coolidge (Dane). [1898]

180 Mammals from the extremity of Lower California. Purchased
through Mr. W. W. Price.

A most important collection from a locality previously quite unrepre-
sented in the Museum. The types of thirteen new species are included,
the most notable being those of Dasypterus xanthtnm, Thos., Myotis
peninstUaris, Mill., Lynx peninsularis, Thos., Peromyscus coolidgei, and
jP. eva, Thos., Oryzomys peninsula, Thos., Lepus peninsularis, Allen,
and Odocoileus hemionus pentnstUm, Lydekker.

Also 30 specimens from California. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Mammals. 27

Copenhagen Miisemn. [1888]

37 specimens from Lagoa Santa, Brazil, typical examples of species
described by Drs. {^und and Winge. Received in exchange.

Coppinger {Dr. R. W.), B.N. [1879]

49 Mammals collected during the surveying voyage of H.M.8. Alert
round Patagonia and among the South Sea Islands. Presented by tiie
Lords of the Admiralty.

Including the types of Oryzomya coppingeri^ Thos., and OxymycUnu
lanotus, Thos. See Proc Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 3, and " Zoological Collec-
tions of H Ji.S. Alert,"* 1884, published by the Trustees.

Cowan {Bev. W. Deans). [1882]

34 Mammals from the Ankafina Forest, Eastern Betsileo, Madagascar.
Purchased.

Included types of Microgale (g. n.) cowani and M, lovigicaudata, Thos.

Crawford (James Ludovic Lindsay, 26<A Earl of).

22 Manmials from different localities, and a number of human remaina
from Easter Island, collected by Mr. M. J. NicoU during the voyage of the
Valhalla. Presented.

Crawshay {Capt. R.). [1895]

30 Mammals from Nyasa Land and East Africa, including types of
J^nA craw$ha^, Pocock, Kobm crawshayi, Sclater, LepuB crawshayi, de
Winton, and other new species. Presented.

Croealey (A.). [1870]

133 Mammals from Madagascar and the Cameroons. Purchased.

Including the types of Propithecus holomelas, Giinth., Chirogdle
triehotisj Giinth., Brachytarwmys cUhicauda^ Giinth., Eteoclea ntgricepa,

Gunth.

Cumberland {Major C. S.). [1892]

A series of big game animals from Central Asia. Presented.

Cuming (Hugh). [1842]

36 Mammals from the Philippine Islands. Purchased.

Among others the t3rpe8 of Phlxomys (g. n.) cumingi, Waterh., and
of several Bats described Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 66, are included.

Cnninghame (R. J.). [1895]

87 Mammals from Norway, Egypt, Uganda and other localities.
Presented.

Curry (A. W.). [1897]

27 Mammals from Kimberley, South Africa. Presented.
Including the type of Pronolagus curryi, Thos.

Danford (C. G.). [1875]

177 Manunals from Hungary and Asia Minor, the latter being the
specimens on which the two papers on the Mammals of Asia Minor, by
C. G. Danford and E. B. Alston (Proc. ZooL Soc. 1877, p. 270, and 1880,
pw 50) were based.

Among others the types of Mus mystacinus, Danf. and Alst., Mu$
tylvattcus tauricus, Barrett-Hamilton, Microtus gttentheri, Danf. and
Alst, are included. Purchased and presented.

28 Zoology.

Darling (J. fpolliott). [1895]

93 small Mammals from Mashoiia Land, including the types of a
number of new species, such as Oeorychus darlingi, Thos., Oraphiurua
nanus, de Wint., Mus chrysaphilus, de Wint., Saccostomus moihonm, de
Wint. (see de Winton ** On Kodents from Mashonaland, collected by Mr.
J. flolliott Darling," Proc Zool. ISoc., 1896, p. 798).

Darwin (Chables). [1837]

A number of specimens collected by Charles Darwin during the
famous voyage of the Beagle, and describe by Mr. G. H. Waterhouse in
the " Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle^ Part II., Mammalia, 1838-
1839. Presented by Sir W. Burnett and Captain Fitzroy, R.N.

The greater number of the specimens obtained during that voyage
were, however, given to the Zoological Society's Museum, from which
they were transferred in 1855.

The specimens received from these two sources were the originals of
the many descriptions published by Mr. Waterhouse in the * Proceedings '
of the Zoological Society for 1837, and later on in the above-mentioned
work. They have formed the nucleus of tlie fine collection of South
American Mammals in the British Museum, and, from the bearing they
have had on the subsequent study of the subject, constituted one of the
most important accessions the Museum has ever received.

It w^as on these specimens that Mr. Waterhouse founded his classical
grouping of the American Muridae, and they have still constantly to be
referred to in all questions connected with the classification of the group.

Among others, the type specimens of the typical species ofReithrodon,
Soapteromys, Chcymyctenis, Ahrothrix, PhyllotU, Jlesperomys, Abrocoma,
and Schizodon, are in this famous collection.

David (Abb£ Abhand). [1882]

12 Mammals collected in China, representing species described by
Prof. A. Milne-Edwards.

Including the type of Mus edivardsi, Thos. Received in exchange
from the Paris Museum.

Davies {Lieut. Daybell), BJV. [1887]

Head-akin of the Southern Sea-Lion (Otaria juhcUa) from An'ca, Peru,
and a skull from Coquimbo, Chili. Presented.

Deasy (Capi. H. H. P.). [1897]

16 small Mammals from West«m Tibet, including examples of the
rare EuchoretUes wuo, W. Scl., and types of Microtus lama, and Dipus
deasyi, Barrett-Hamilton.

Degen (K). [1902]

62 Mammals from Abyssinia.

The collection made in Abyssinia by Mr. Degen contained a number
of interesting new species, mostly coming from Lake Tsana, a locality
unexplored zoologically since the time of Dr. Blippell.

The most notable of the new forms are the Lake Tsana Otter (Lutra
capensis meneleki)^ Fdomys harringtoni, Otomys degeni, and Lepus
fagani.

See Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1902, p. 308.

Mammals. 29

Delamere (Hugh Cholmondelt, 3rd Lord). [1899]

101 MammalB from Somaliland and East Africa, obtained daring hii
expeditions of 1896-1897. Presented.

Including the types of Galago gallarum^ Thos., Macra$celides ddamerei^
Thos., and Tragelaphtu ddamerei, Pocock.

Derby (Edwabd, I3th Earl of). [1841]

145 MamTnalfl from various localities — mostly Africa.
From 1841 onwards the ISth Earl of Derby was a constant con-
tributor to the Museum, giving numbers of specimens which had lived
in his men^^erie at Knowsley, besides presenting others obtained by
collectors sent abroad. The two most notable of the latter were Mr.
Borke, who made an expedition into Central South Africa for specimens,
and brought back both a number of live animals for Knowsley, and many
large Mammal skins for mounting, presented in 1842 to the Museum ;
and Mr. Whitfield, who went to the Gambia on the same errand, and
discovered there a number of new species described by Dr. Chay — among
others Lord Derby's Eland — Taurotragus cierManiis, Gray. A number
of specimens collected by Mr. MacGilllvray during the voyage of the
Fly were also presented by Lord Derby.

Gray's work " Gleanings from the Knowsley Menagerie," 2 vols., fol.,
1846-1850, was based partly on the animals living in Lord Derby's
collection at Knowsley, and partly on Museum specimens.

de Winton (W. E.).

23 Mammals from England and Wales. Presented.

The specimens actually presented by Mr. de Winton are no index to
the services he has rendered to the National Museum, for he has taken
great pains in obtaining and stimulating collectors, who have sent their
specimens direct to the Museum without his name appearing as donor.

He has also been of very material service to the Museum by the help
he has given in working out and describing African Mammals, of which
he has made a special study.

DineUi (L.). [1900]

90 small Mammals from Tucuman, including the types of Ctenomys
tueumanuSf Myotis dineUii and MarmoM cindertUa^ Thos. Presented
by Oldfield Thomas.

Dobson {8urg,-0en, G. E.), B.A,M.a [1874]

Author of '' Catalogue of Ghiroptera in the BritLsh Museum," 1878 ;

" Catalogue of Asiatic Chiroptera in the Indian Museum, Calcutta," 1876 ;

and •* l£»nograph of the Insectivora," 1882-1890.

167 Bats and other small mammals from different parts of the world*

Presented and exchanged.

Dodflon (W.). [1899]

125 MiiTTiTnAlu from the neighbourhood of Aden^ including the type of
Papio amincuSf Thos. Purchased.

Collected in conjunction with Mr. A. B. Percival. See Thomas, Proc.
ZooL Soa, 1900, p. 95.

Doria (Mdrchese Giaoomo).
See Gekoa, Museo Ciyioo.

30 Zoology.

Doubleday (Edwaed). [1839]

17 Mammals, mostly from Wilmington, Delaware. Presented.
Including the type of Sciunu negltctus. Gray.

Douglas (the Hon, John). [1884]

The mummified skeleton of a Torres Straits Islander. Presented.

Drummond (D.). [1837]

A numher of Mammals from North America, many of which were
described as new by Dr. Gray. The exact localities were unfortunately
not preserved, and many of the specimens have since been eliminated as
worthless.

The earliest examples seem to have been received from Sir W. J.
Hooker, then at Glasgow, in addition to a niunber of Tasmanian
Mammals. Later specimens were acquired by the Zoological Society,
and were received with the latter collection in 1855.

Du ChaiUu (Paul). [1861]

West African traveller and writer; author of ** Explorations and
Adventures in Equatorial Africa," 1861.

89 Mammals from the Ghiboon, many of them described by himself
(Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., vii., p. 363, 1860), and others, especially the
Antelopes, by Dr. Gray. Purchased.

Among these specimens, the first received from the Gaboon, are the
types of Potamogah velox, Du Chaillu, Nannosciurus mintUus (Du Ghaillu)
Cephcdophus nigri/rons and C. longiceps. Gray, besides a number of Gorillas
and Chimpanzees, illustrating Mr. Du Gbaillu's writings on the subject.

Also a nimiber of human skulls from the same region.

Dnnn (SurgeonrMajor H. N.). [1900]

90 Mammals from the Soudan and Somali Land, including examples of
Kobus mariasf and the types of 12 new species. Presented.

Dyson (D.). [1847]

19 Mammals from Venezuela and Honduras, including a number of
types of small Mammals described by Dr. Gray.

East India Company. [1841]

241 Mammals from various parts of India, and also a number from
Shoa, collected by Sir W. Comwallis Harris.

From 1841 onwards the Hon. East India Company was a frequent con-
tributor to the collections, after its own Museum had been supplied. In
its turn that Museum was given up in 1879, and its contents transferred
to the British Musemn. (See below, " India Museum.")

Baton (Bev. A. E.). [1894]

21 small Mammals from Biskra, Algeria, including the type of
Macroscelides deserti. Presented.

This collection has been of the utmost service in working out later
collections from Tripoli and Egypt.

Egypt Exploration Committee. [1886]

34 human and other remains from ancient tombs in Egypt Pre-
sented.

Many of these have been referred to by Prof. W. Flinders Petrie and
other writers.

Mammals. 31

EUiot (Sir Walter). [1836]

A series of Mammal skins from the district of Dharwar, Southern
Bomhay (erroneously recorded as '* Madras ^ in the Museum registers and
early published lists). Presented.

These specimens formed the materials on which was based Sir
Walter Elliotts ** Catalogue of the Species of Mammalia found in the
Southern Mahratta Goimtry; with their Synonimes in the Native
Languages in use there " (Madras Journal, x., pp. 92 and 207, 1839).

Seymd of the species were described almost simultaneously by Qray
in London and by Elliot in the above paper, Gray having the priority.

Among others the types of Mui meUada, Gr&7> Oolunda dlioti^
Gray, and **Antilope aubA-comuttu,^ Elliot, were contained in this
collection.

Also seven skulls of Cetaceans from the Harbour of Vizagapatam,
being the specimens on which Prof. Owen's paper '*0n some Indian
Cetaoea collected by Walter Elliot, Esq." (Trans. Zool. Soc., vi., p. 17,
pis. 3-14, 1866) was founded, and including the types of Physeter simua
(= Ko^ hrevic^)f OrceUa hrevirostriSf Ddphinus fusi/ormis {= Lagen-
lyrhynchus el€ctra\ Ddphinus pomegra, Sotalia gadamu^ and Sotalia
hrUiginosa therein described and figured.

BUiott (G. F. Scjorr). [1892]

24 Mammals from Nigeria and Buwenzori, Equatorial Africa.
Presented.

Blaey (Dr. J. R.). [1857]

20 Mammals from Port Essington and neighbouring localities,
obtained during the North Australian expedition of 1856, and including
the type of ConUurus hemtleucurusy Gray. Presented.

Emin Pasha. [1882]

145 Mammals from the Equatorial Province of Central Africa, from
Monbuttu, and from East Africa between the Great Lakes and the coast.
Pr^ented.

Emin Pasha was an enthusiastic collector, and the specimens he
obtained were the first received from the eastern parts of the great Congo
forest His specimens formed the basis of two papers (Thomas, Proc.
Zool. Soc., 1888, p. 3 ; 1890, p. 443) and many of them have been also
described separately as further material accumulated.

The most notable of the species discovered by Emin are Anomdlurus
pusillus, Thos., Gerbillus emini, Thos., Malacamys centralis^ de Wint.
Sdurua akkoy de Wint., Oeorychiu Ischei, Thos., Atherura centralis^
Thos.

The two skeletons of Congo Pigmies, or "Akkas," described by
Sir W. H. Flower (J. Anthrop. Inst., 1888), were also contained in this
collection.

Esler (H). [1871]

54 Mammals from Bogos Land, including the type of Bvhalis tora^
Gray. Purchased.

Euphrates Expedition. [1850]

Under the command of Sir George Chesney.

12 Mammals obtained during the expedition, and including the type
of AUadaga euphratica, Thos. Presented.

32 Zoology.

Everett (Alfred H. L.). [1872]

498 Maiumals from Borneo, Celebes, the Natuna Islands, and the
Philippines. Purchased and presented.

Mr. Everett was an enthusiastic naturalist, and during the. long
series of years he lived in Borneo made many important expeditions to
neighbouring islands and to the different moimtains of Borneo, where he
was the discoverer of a very considerable number of new forms. Of
these may be specially mentioned : Semnopithecus everetti, 8, natunm, and
sdbanuSf Thos. ; Fipistrellua stenoptenu. Dobs. ; Edictis everetti^ Thos. ;
Olyphotes (g. n.) simuSf Thos. ; SciuropUrus nigripes, Thos. ; Sciurus
everettif Thos. ; Mus everetti, Giinth. ; Bystrix pumUay Giinth.

Falconer {Dr. Hugh). [1846]

The typical skull and horns of Cervus cashmerianus^ Falc, from
Kashmir. Presented.

PeUden (CbZ. H. W.). [1877]

11 Mammals from various localities, including some obtained in the
Arctic region during the cruise of H.M.S. Alert in 1876.

Fellows (Sir Charles). [1844]

8 Mammals from Asia Minor. Presented.

Ferguson (H. S.). [1894]

Director of the (Government Museum, Tiivandrum, Travancore.
82 Mammals from Travancore. Presented.

Finsch {Br. Otto). [1878]

35 Mammals from Eastern Siberia, obtained during the expedition
organised by the Geographical Society of Bremen in 1878. Purchased.

Fitzroy (Gapt. R.), B.N.
See BuBNBTT, Sm Wm.

Florence Mnsenm. [1885]

13 Bats from different parts of Italy. Received in exchange.

Flower {Gapt. S. S.). [1895]

108 Mammals from India, Siam and Egypt. Presented.

Forbes (Dr. H. O.). [1880]

Director of the Free Public Museums, Liverpool.

107 Mammals from various localities in the East Indian Archipelago,
from Java to New Ghiinea. Purchased and presented, either by himsdf,
by the British Association, or the Hoyal Society.

Dr. Forbes carried out a nmnber of important explorations, as for
example that to the Tenimber Islands in 1884, and discovered many
interesting new species, among which may be noted : KerivovXa javana ;
Nyctophilua microtis; Chiruromys forhesi ; Fseudochirus forbesi, Thos.

Also some Mamm^ from Sokotra, collected in conjunction with
Mr. W. B. Ogilvie-Grant. Presented by the Royal Society.

Forbes (W. A.). [1881]

Pra«ector to the Zoological Society.

13 Mammals from Pemambuoo, including the type of Vampyropa
reoifinus, Thos., and others from the Niger. INuxhased.

Mammals. 33

Porrer (A.). [1880]

d4 small Mammalft from OregOD and Caliromia, the Tres Marias
Islands, and Mazatlan and Durango, Mexico. PurchaBed from him or
pmenied by Dr. F. Du Cane Godman.

Cf. ^Bioh^ia Centrali-Americana," Mammals, Suppl., p. 203, and
Proc Zod. Soc., 1882, p. 371.

Fortnnm (C. D. E.), Trmtee. [1842]

16 Mammals from South Australia. Presented.

Potter (W.). [1901]

288 Mammals from Sapucay, Paraguay. Purchased.

The series of Mammals formed by Mr. Foster at Sapucay, not far
from Asuncion, is of very special interest and value owing to its repre-
senting the forms described m Azara's ^ Quadruples de Paraguay," 1801,

and '^ Quadrdpedos del Paraguay," 1802, which were obtained in the
Bime region. Azara's animals have received names from various compilers,
and to these names all sorts of dififerent forms have been assigned without
any naturalist having actual Paraguayan specimens to verify the deter-
minations by. For such verification Mr. Foster's specimens, as being
actual topotypes, are of the greatest service.

Types of the following new species are also included in the series
McimsiucerastasjA M,foster%\ Tkricomys fosteri,

See Thomas, '^ On a Collection of Bats from Paraguay " (Ann. Mag.
N. H. (7), viiL, p. 435, 1901).

Frankfort Mnsenxn.

See RupPKLL, Dr. E.

Fraser (Louis). [1846]

Zoological Traveller. Author of the " Zoologia Typica," 1849.

134 Mammals from Fernando Po, Tunis and Ecuador. Purchased.

The collections from the last-named locality were worked out by
Mr. R. F. Tomes, and a further number of the specimens, including the
types, have been recently received with the Tomes collection. (See Proc.
Zool. Soc., 1858, p. 546 ; 1860, pp. 211 and 260.)

Mr. Fraser discovered a very large nimiber of new Mammals of all
orders, the most notable being the genus Anomalurua (Waterhouse,
Proc. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 124). In Ecuador he was the original discoverer
of Cxnolegtes^ which under the pre-occupied name of Hyracodon (Tomes,
Proc ZooL Soc, 1863, p. 50) remained a puzzle to zoologists until it was
re-discovered in 1895. {See above, Child, G.)

Gadow (Dr. Hans). [1903]

61 Mammals from Mexico, including the types of three mice of the
genus Peromyscus. Presented.

Garlepp (G.). [1898]

28 Mammals from the high country near Mount Sahama, Bolivia
Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This was the first collection received by the Museum from the
devated basin of Lake Titicaca, and contained the types of four new
species, the most interesting being those of Conepatus rex, ChinchUlida
(g. n.) 9ahamm^ and Cavia niata, Thos.

VOL. IL D

34 Zoology.

Oarlepp (O.). [1898]

62 Mammals from the neighbourhood of Guzco, Peru, includiDg the
tjrpes of five new species. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Genoa (Museo Cmco). [1869]

296 specimens from various localities. Exchanged and presented.

To the Museo Civico, Genoa, and its Director, the Marchese Giacomo
Doria, the Museum is indebted for a large number of valuable specimens,
mostly duplicates of collections worked out by 0. Thomas. Among the
most important of these are the fine series collected by L. Fea in Burma,
by D'Albertis, Beccari and Loria in the Papuan Archipelago, by
Modigliani in Sumatra and the Mentawei Islands, by Antinori in Sboa,
and by Bove, Spegazzini, and Grillo in South America.

Oerrard(E.). [1850]

Small Mammals from the neighbourhood of London. Presented.

Mr. Edward Gerrard joined the Museum service in 1841 as Dr. Gray's
special attendant, and had charge for a long period of the registration and
arrangement of the Mammals and the preparation of the skulls and
skeletons. He was the author of the "Catalogue of the Bones of
Mammalia in the British Museum " (1862).

After serving fifty-five years in the Museum, Mr. Gerrard retired in
1896, but is still (set. 94) a frequent visitor to the Mammal Galleries.

OiflTard {Lieut.-Col W.). [1899]

27 Mammals from the Gold Coast, named by Mr. W. E. de Winton,
and including the tyi)es of Crocidura giffardi, ScotophUus nigritellus
and htrundo, and Funisciurus substriatus.

See de Winton, " On Mammals collected by Lieut.-Col. W. Giffard in
the Northern Territory of the Gold Coast" (Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), iv.,
p. 363, 1899).

Oodman (F. Du Cane), D.C.B. [1873]

Joint Editor of the " Biologia Centrali-Americana."

156 Mammals, mostly from Central America, obtained by various
collectors for the purposes of the "Biologia*' and worked out by E. R. Alston.
Presented. Also a few specimens from the Azores, collected by himself,
including the type of Fterygistes azoreum, Thos.

Ooeldi (Dr. E. A.). [1895]

Director of the Goeldi Museum, Para.

22 Mammals from the Lower Amazon, including the types of
Oryzomys goeldii, Thos., ITolochilus nanus, and Akodon fuscinus.

Also the first recent specimen known of the rare Blarinomys (g. n.)
breviceps from Bio Janeiro. Presented.

Gordon {Col. T. E.), 0.8.1. [1875]

Skull and horns of Ovis poH from the Victoria Lake. Presented.
Specimens of Ovis kardini and Capra sibirica. Purchased.

OoBBe(P. H.). [1847]

Author of "The Naturalist in Jamaica" and other Natiural History
works.

30 Mammals from Jamaica, including specimens of the Bats of which
he gave an account in the above work.

Mammals. 35

Gonld (John). [1839]

Author of many works and papers on Australian Zoology, and
especially of " The Mammals of Australia," 3 vols., foL, 1845-1863.

584 Mammals, forming the famous Gould Collection and including all
the material on which that author hased his work. The main coUection,
consisting of 170 specimens, was purchased in 1841 for £300, hut other
smaller sets were purchased from time to time throughout Mr. Gt)uld*s life.
Many small and isolated sets were also presented hy Mr. GK)uld, who had
the ^rreatest interest in the increase of the National collection.

WiUi the exception of Mr. Brian Hodgson's Nepalese collection, this
is perhaps the most important acquisition that the Museum has ever
received from a private person — for Mr. Gk)uld went to Australia at a time
when no one had studied its Mammalian fauna at all, so that the field
was practically virgin, and he worked so successfully as to leave com-
paratively little for later authors to do. Mr. Gk)uld collected assiduously
himself, and also sent Messrs. J. Gilbert and F. Strange to parts of
Australia he was unable to visit. He took especial interest in the
^mily of the Kangaroos, as is evidenced by his "Monograph of the
MacropodidsB " (1841-1842), and described many fine new species of that
group. Among others his collection contains the types of such notable
forms as Mcuropus antilopinus, M. rdbustus, M, agHis and M, stigmaticus ;
of Petrogale IcUerdHs^ P. hrachyotis and P. concinna ; of all the species of
OnychogdU and Lagorchestes ; of Caloprymnus campestris and Fotorous
gUbtrii and P. plcUyops,

It was the possession of this collection which enabled the present
writer's " Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata,** published in
1888, to be based on a personal study of almost every existing type of the
various groups.

Graham (R.). [1845]

23 Mammals from Para, including the types of several bats described
by Dr. Gray.

Grahamstown, Albany Mnseom. [1897]

86 Mammals from the neif^hbourhood of Grahamstown. Presented
through Dr. S. Schonland, the Curator.

Grant (W. K. Oqilyie), Amslant [1882]

74 Mammals from Scotland, the Salvage Islands, Sokotra^ the Azores,
and elsewhere. Presented.

Gray (Capt. A.). [1881]

Mammals from the Arctic Seas, including foetal specimens of several
Seals and Cetaceans. Presented.

Gray (Dr, J. K), (1800-1875). [1840]

Assistant in the Department, 1824-40; Keeper, 1840-76.
Mammals from various localities. Presented.

To Dr. Gray the growth of the Mammal collection in early years is
almost wholly due. His first years in the Museum were more occupied
with shells than with Man^mals, but about 1836 he began to take up the
latter group, and from that date a ceaseless flow of papers and catalogues
00. the subject came from his pen. As may be seen by his evidence
before the Royal Commission of 1835, he had the most advanced ideas
ahout the growth and function of a national museum, and these ideas he
did his best to carry out when appointed Keeper of the Department.

D 2

36 Zoology.

Owing to the profufiion of his memoirs, the number of his types is enormous,
and these types are constantly being refeiTed to and must remain of priceless
value. Sucn mistakes as he made — and no man has been more abused —
were due to his excess of energy and his consequently trying to do too much
with insufficient material and help, and this in the face of considerable
opposition from the more official departments of the Museum. In spite,
therefore, of his many scientific errors, every lover of the Museum
collection should be grateful to Dr. Gray for upholding its interests
at a time when any slackness would have resulted in its taking a far
inferior position to those continental rivals with which, thanks to him, it
competed so successfully.

Gregory (Pro/. J. W.). [1893]

52 Mammals collected during his East African expedition of 1893,
including the type of Thryonomys gregorianus^ Thos. Presented.

Mammals from Spitzbergen, including the type of Vulpes L spUz"
bergenensiSf Barrett-Hamilton and Bonhote. Presented.

Grey (Capt. Sir Gkobge). [1840]

99 Mammals from South Australia, of which colony Sir George Grey
was Governor. Presented.

Other specimens from Western Australia.

The types of Macropus greyi, Waterhouse, and Fetrogale brachyotiSf
GK>u1d, Mu8 greyi, Scotophiius morio^ and other species described by
Gray, are in this collection.

A list of the Mammals of Australia, based on the collections of Sir
George Grey, Mr. Gunn, and Mr. Gould, was contributed to Grey's
" Journals of two Expeditions of Discovery " (Vol. II., Appendix, p. 397
et sqq.), 1841, by Dr. Gray.

Gunn (Ronald). [1838]

A number of Mammals from Tasmania.

The collection of Mammals made and presented by Mr. Gunn was
one of the greatest importance, nearly all the species found in the island
being represented.

In marsupials, especially, the collection was of the greatest value at a
time when very few members of the order had been collected, and the
specimens in it are constantly referred to in Waterhouse's " Marsupialia,**
1846, and the '* Catalogue of Marsupialia and Monotremata," 1888.

Mr. Gunn's ** Notices accompanying a collection of Quadrupeds and
Fish from Van Diemen's Land," Ann. Mag. N. H. (1), p. 101 (1838),
refers to his first collection, which was transmitted to the Museum by
Sir W. J. Hooker.

Among others the types of Ferameles gunni, Gray, and Dramicia
lepida, Thos., are contained in Mr. Gunn's collection.

Giinther (l>r. A.). [1859]

Assistant, 1862 ; Keeper, 1875-1895.

Some bats in spirit and a number of skulls of various Mammals,
mostly from southern Germany ; 183 specimens in all. Purchased.

Guppy (Dr. H. B.), B,N. [1883]

38 Mammals from the Solomon Islands, collected during the surveying
voyage of H.M.S. Lark. Presented by the Admiralty.

^so a certain number of human crania and specimens of human hair
from the same region.

Mammals. 37

Onmey (J. H.). [1855]

27 Mammals from Monterey, California, Jamaica, Labrador, and other
localities. Presented.

Haast {Dr. Julius von). [1873]

Skeletons of rare Wliales {Neobalmna marginata and Madeayius
australis) from New Zealand. Purchased.

Haggard (J. G.). [1885]

H.6.M. Consul at Lamu, East Africa.

2 skeletons of Dugongs and 3 skulls, including the type of Ourelna
haggardiy Thoe. Presented.

Hardwicke (Oen. Thomas). [1835]

Joint author with Dr. Gray of "Illustrations of Indian Zoology,
chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke," fol.,
1830-1834.

Mammals from the East Indies. Bequeathed.

In the early days of the Museum the Hardwicke Bequest formed one
of its most important accessions, hut being before the time of registration,
no list of the specimens is available, and large numbers of them have
since been eliminated.

Besides those figured in the above-mentioned work, many species
described by Dr. Gray were included in the collection — eg. Nesokia
hardwiekei, Tragvlus fvlviventer^ etc. — as also were the original skull and
horns of the Anoa (Anoa depressioomia) described by Hamilton-Smith.

Harris (Major Sir W. Cobnwallis). [1838]

The type-specimen of the Sable Antelope {Hippotragus niger^ Harr.).
Purchased through Capt. Alexander.

17 Mammals from Ankober, Shoa, collected while in the service
of the East India Company. Presented in 1861 by the India Board.
Among others the type of the Lesser Kudu (Strepaiceros imberbiSf Blyth)
is in ^s series.

Hart (J. H. C). [1877]

32 Mammals collected in the Arctic regions during the voyage of
HM.S. IH»eovery,

41 small Mammals from Palestine. Presented.

Hawker (R. McD.). [1897]

83 Mammals obtained during his various expeditions in Somali Land
snd N.E. Africa. Presented.

Including the types of Lepus hawkeri and Oerbillus luUdus. See
Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), viii., p. 273, 1901.

Heller (EDHUin>). [1898]

107 MftmTnftlg from California. Purchased.

HigginB (T.), and Petterd (W. R), of Tannania. [1887]

15 Mj^TnTTiftlfl from Tasmania, representing species described in the
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1883. Purchased and
exebmgecL

38 Zoology.

Hildebrandt (J. M.). [1879]

6 Mammals from Teita, E. Africa, iDcluding typical specimens of
Rkinolophus hUdehrandti and Macroscdides ru/escens, Peters. Purchased.

Hinde (S. L.). [1896]

170 Mammals from British East Africa, mostly from Machakoe.

Mr. Hinders important collections include the types of a number of
new forms, of which the most notable are Scotmcits (g. n.) hindeif Lasphotis
(g. n.) vnntonif Mus hindei and hUdegardem^ Thos.

Hodgson (Brian H.). [1841]

Formerly British Eesident at Ehatmandu, Nepal.

980 Mammals from Nepal, Tibet, and Sikhim, being the material on
which Mr. Hodgson*s many papers on Himalayan Mammals were based.
Also a number of human skulls. Presented.

Mr. Hodgson's collection was without doubt the finest and most
important donation that the Museum ever received from any single
person. This is due to the large size of the collection, the numbers of
specimens, the accompaniment of skulls and skeletons, and above all to
the very great number of types that are contained in it.

So important was Mr. Hodgson's collection considered by the Trustees
that they published, in 1846, a " Catalogue of the specimens and drawings
of Mammalia and Birds of Nepal and Thibet presented by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq., to the British Musemn," and a second edition in 1863, including all
the later additions.

Mr. Hodgson was a voluminous writer, and perhaps over-ready describer
of species, so that the possession of the whole of the material on which he
founded his work is of priceless value. Many of his specimens were also
described by Gray, Horsfield, Blyth, and others. The number of types
in the Hodgson collection is too great for enumeration, but the following
are a few of the most notable : — Semnopithecus schistaceus, Prionodan
pardicolor, Herpestes wrva, Vulpes ferrilatus ; several species of FtUortua ;
a multitude of Bats, Insectivores and Rodents ; Ovis noAuro, Nemorhmdus
hubcUtnus, Oazdla picticaudata, Porcula saJvania, Manis aurita ; and
finally, the one Mr. Hodgson himself was most proud of, the remarkable
Budorcas taxicolor, of the Mishmi Hills, north of Assam.

Mr. Hodgson was fortunately far-seeing enough to realise the great
importance of osteological collections, and to insist that the whole of his
collections, the skulls as well as the skins, should be accepted or rejected
together. He thus forced the authorities to countenance Dr. Gray's
efforts to make an osteological collection, for up to that date it had been
thought that skulls and skeletons were only suited to the College of
Surgeons.

Owing to carelessness about geographical details, the whole of Mr.
Hodgson's collections were registered as from ** Nepal," but, as Dr. Scully
has uiown, it was only the animals presented before 1847 which were really
from Nepal, and all the later ones came from Sikhim, Mr. Hodgson having
finally left the former country in 1844, and, after a visit to England,
settled for some years at Darjiling.

HoUiB (Edwin). [1901]

102 Mammals from the Touchwood Hills, Assiniboia, Central Canada.
Presented.

The first modem specimens received by the Museum from this region.

Mammals. 39

Hook (P.). [1891]

Examples of the rare Saddleback Seal (Hiatriophoca equestris),

A skeleton of the Blue Whale of the Pacific (Rhachianectes glauctu).

Purchased.

Hooker {Sir W. J.), K.C,B. [1837]

A small collection of Tasmanian Mammals, the first that api)ear to
liave been received from that island.

Hose (Charles), D,Sc. [1889]

Author of "The Mammals of Borneo," 1893.

441 Mammals from the Baram district of Sarawak. Presented and
purchased.

Like Mr. Everett^ who first encouraged him to take up the subject.
Dr. Hose has made large collections of Mammals in Sarawak, and has
greatly increased our knowledge of the number of species inhabiting
Borneo.

The types of the following species, all described by 0. Thomas, are
among the most noteworthy of his many discoveries : SemtwpitJieaM hosei
iDd S. crucigtr ; HemigcUe hosei ; Tupaia grticilis, T, pida, and T. mdor
Atfra : SciuropUrus hosei ; Funamhulus hosei.

In 1895 Dr. Hose made a collecting trip to N. Celebes, and there also
obtained several new forms.

Hudson's Bay Company. [1843]
51 Mammals from N. America. Presented.

Hnegel {Baron A. von). [1879]

34 small Mammals from the Fiji Islands and Java, including the type
of Mtu httegeli, Thos.

Hume (Allan O.), C.B. [1885]

The magnificent collection of heads and horns of Indian Buminanis
formed by Mr. Hume during many years, including a number of record
heads, and numbering 223 specimens. Also 371 skins of Indian
Mamnmls, obtained in various districts with his famous collection of
tarda, and including the types of FrionocUm maculosus, Blanf., Funam'
hdus rufigeniSt Blanf., Mus humei, Thos., Sduropterus davisoni, Thos.,
and others. Presented.

An account of this collection was given by 0. Thomas, Proc. Zool.
Soc, 1886, p. 54. See also ** On some Mammals from Tenasserim,'* by
W. T. Blanford, J.A.S.B., xlviL, p. 150, 1878.

Hunt (Bebnabd). [1900]

21 Mammals from Caylloma, Peru, collected at an altitude of
12000-15000 feet. Presented.

Hunter (H. C. V.). [1889]

26 Manunals from East Africa, including the types of DamcUiscM
hunterij Scl. Presented.

Hutton {Copt. T.). [1856]

7 Mammals from Kandahar, including typical specimens of Nesokia
hutUmi^ Blyth, and Qerbillw erythrurus. Gray. Presented.

40 Zoology.

Ihering {Br. H. von). [1882]

Writer on Brazilian Mammals, and now Director of the SSo Paulo
Museum.

213 Mammals from Rio Grande do Sul, including the types of
Peramys iheringi, P, hensdiy Oxymycterus iheringi, Thoe., and others.
Purchased.

India Museum. [1879]

Formerly the Museum of the Hon. East India Company.

695 Mammals from various localities, mostly India.

Sharing the first place in historical importance with the Museum of
the Zoological Society, that of the East India Company, transferred to
the British Museum in 1879, proved to be of priceless value and interest.
The collections made in the East Indies by all the early founders of
zoology in that part of the world were contained in it, so that its possession
has been of the utmost service in studying the fauna of our Indian
possessions. Of the collections it included, the most important are
those of Dr. Thomas Horsfield, from Java, the basis of his " Zoological
Researches in Java, 1824"; of Sir Stamford Raffles, from Sumatra; of
Dr. T. Cantor, from the Msday Peninsula ; Col. W. H. Sykes, from the
Dekkan; Capt. (now Sir) R. Strachey, from Eumaon; Major R. B.
Pemberton, from Bhutan ; Mr. B. H. Hodgson, from Nepal and Sikhim ;
Dr. John McClelland, from Assam ; Gen. T. Hardwicke ; Capt. Tytler ;
Capt. T. Button ; Mr. Walter Griffith ; Dr. A. T. Christie, and others.

A catalogue of the Museum, as then existing, was published in 1851
by its Curator, Dr. T. Horsfield, and many new species were described
therein.

The types contained in this collection are, as may be supposed from
the above list of authors and collectors, far too numerous to be
enumerated here.

Ingrain {Sir William J., Bart., and Chables). [1875]

A number of Reindeer and Lemmings from Norway.

Much of the success of the Robert expedition to S. Brazil (1900-2) is
also due to Sir W. Ingram, who gave a liberal contribution towards
its cost.

Isaac (P. W.). [1902]

14 Mammals from British East Africa, including a series of the
Eastern form of the Bongo {Boocercus euryceros isaaci, Thos.).
Presented.

Jackson (Frederick J.), O.B., C.M.G. [1887]

Deputy Commissioner, Uganda Protectorate. East African sportsman,
and author of works on the Natural History of the country.

190 Mammals from East Africa and the Uganda Protectorate,
including tvpes of a considerable number of new species, of which the
most notable are : BubcUis jacksoni ; Connochmies taurinua cUhaftibatus ;
CepJudophus harveyiy Thos. ; Sciurus jacksoni, de Wint. ; Otomys jctcksoni,
Thos. ; Bystrix gcUeata, Thos. Presented.

The series from Mt. Elgon, on which the paper by 0. Thomas (P.Z.S.,
1891, p. 181) was based, is of especial importance.

Mammals. 41

Jayakar {Surgean-General A. S. G.). [1885]

81 Mammals from Muscat, being the first obtaioed bj the Museum
from that part of Arabia. Presented. These specimens formed the basis
of the following paper : Thomas, •* On Mammals from Oman, S.E. Arabia,"
Proc ZooL Soc, 1894, p. 448.

Includes the types of a remarkable new Wild Goat, Hemitmfftu
joffokari, of QcLzeila mariea^ Procavia s, jaydkari, and Lefmt omanenns^
ThoB.

Jelski {Dr. Constantinb). [1885]

PolLih traveller and naturalist.

46 small Mammals from Central Peru, being the basis of a paper by
Thomas, Proc Zool. Soc., 1884, p. 447. Types of Akodon jdskii,
Beitkrodon picius^ and others are contained in the collection. Presented
by the Branicki Museimi, Warsaw.

Jerdon {Surgeon-Major T. C). [1846]
Author of •* The Mammals of India," 1867.
68 Indian Mammals, chiefly from the Madras Presidency. Presented.

Jesse (W). [1869]

Natuj^ist to the Abyssinian expedition of 1868.

17 Mammals from Abyssinia. Purchased.

These specimens are referred to in Dr. W. T. Blan ford's work on the
Zoology of Abyssinia.

Johnston {Sir Habby H.), G,aM,Q., KO.B, [1883]

770 Mammals from various parts of Africa, notably from Kilimanjaro,
Nyasaland, and the Uganda Protectorate. Presented.

During his career as Governor or Commissioner of British African
Dependencies, Sir Harry Johnston has always conducted a scientific
exploration of the countries under his charge, and presented the collections
thus made to the National Museum. The most important of the series
is that from Nyasa Land, on which a nimibcr of papers in the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society have been based (P.Z.S., 1892,
p. 546 ; 1893, p. 500 ; 1894, p. 136 ; 1896, p. 788 ; 1897, p. 925), which
include the types of Papio pruinosus^ Crocidura lixa^ Sciurtu lucifer^
Tkryofunnyt sdateri, Lepus whytciy Procavia johnstoni, and many
others.

But the best known of Sir Harry Johnston's discoveries is that of
the Okapi (Okapia johnstonif Sclater) of the Semliki Forest, of which
the original strips of skin and the later more perfect specimens were
obtained and presented by him. (See E. Ray Lankester, Trans. Zool.
Soc, xvL, p. 279, 1902.)

Jokes {Dr. J. B.). [1844]

Author of the " Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of H.M.S. Fly^
1842-46," 1847.

30 Mammals collected in New Guinea, North Australia, and the
islands in Torres Straits during the exploring voyage of H.M.S. Fly.

Kalinowski (J.). [1894]

160 Mammals from the highlands of Central Peru. Presented by or
received in exchange from, the Branicki Museum, Warsaw, through the
Curator, Dr. J. Stolzmann.

42 Zoology.

A considerable number of species were discovered by Mr. Ealinowski,
of which the most important are Ichthyomys (g. n.) stolzmanni, Neotamys
(g. n.) ebrioauSf JDasyproda kalinowskii, Oryzomys kalinowskii^ and
others.

Karachi Museum. [1880]

37 Mammals from Sind. Received in exchange.

Kelaart (Dr. E. F.). [1852]

Author of the " Prodromus Faunas Zeylanicae," 1852.

40 Manmiala from Ceylon. Others collected by Dr. Kelaart were
received from the India Museum in 1879.

King {Capt. P. P.). [About 1836]

A number of specimens from Southern South America, obtained
during the voyage of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle^ 1826-1830.

This collection includes the types of several Patagonian species,
described by Dr. Gray, which came into the Museum about 1836, such
as Cants m/ogdlanicus^ Gray, and Canis griseusy Gray, and others
(Ctenomys TnagellanicuSy Mus nuigdlanicus, &c.) which were first given
to the Afiiseimi of the Zoological Society, and transferred to the British
Museum in 1855.

Many are mentioned in the " Narrative " of the Voyage, vol. L (1839),
by Capt. King. An imperfect catalogue is given on p. 529 of this work.

Kirk (Dr., now Sir John), Q.CM,Q., KO.B. [1864]

30 Mammals collected in Zambesia during the Livingstone expedition
of 1863. (See his paper on the Mammals of Zambesia, Proc. Zool. Soc.,
1864, p. 649.) Among others the types of NesotrcLgus livingsUmiamUy
Kirk, and Nandinia gerrardi, Thos., are in the series.

Aliso 106 Mammals from Zanzibar and East Africa, including the
types of Colobus kirkiiy Gray, Madoqua [kirkii, Giinth., Bhynchocyon
dirysopygus, Giinth., Petrodromus sultan, Thos., and many others. Pre-
sented and purchased

Knapp (George). [1841]

10 skins of Monkeys from Fernando Po. Presented.

A duplicate set of some of the species described by Waterhouse
(Proc. ZooL Soc., 1841, pp. 57-59) from specimens sent by Mr. Knapp
to the ZoologicaJ Society's Museum. The types themselves were after-
wards received with that collection in 1855.

KoBlowBky (J.). [1903]

84 Mammals from the Yalle del Lago Blanco, Chubut. Purchased.

KrauBB (Dr. A.). [1840]

Afterwards Director of the Stuttgart Museum.

20 Mammals from Natal, including fine examples of the Biver Hog
{Potamochcerus choeropotamus) and Natal Dwker {Cephalopkus ncUdlensis),

La Plata MuBeum. [1896]

56 Mammals from Argentina. Presented and received in exchange
through Dr. F. P. Moreno, the Director.

Mammals. 43

Lataste (Fkrhand). [1881]

Author of many papers on small Mammals, especially those of Algeria
and Tunis.

16 Mammals from Algeria, includiDg typical specimens of Dipodillus
nmoni, Lat., Psamtnomys roudairei, Lat., and others.

U Touche (J. D.). [1892]

9d Mammals from Foochow and Fo Eien, ChiDa, and from Formosa,
including the type of Afus latouchei. (See Thomas, Proc. ZooL Soc.,
1898, p. 769.) Presented or pmxjhasetl.

Leigh (J. H.). [1901]

16 Mammals from Egypt. Presented.

Leverian Mnseuin.

But few specimens remain that can be identified as having come from
the Museum of Sir Ashton Lever, of which Dr. Shaw wrote a catalogue
in 1792.

A pair of horns of the Elk, figured in Plate YIII. of that work, is
stiD in the collection.

Leyden Mnseum. [1842]

171 Mammals from the East Indian Archipelago, Japan and elsewhere.
Purchased of Leadbeater and Frank, dealers who acted as agents for the
Leyden Moseum.

These specimens formed part of the material on which the valuable
works by Miiller, Schlegel, and Tenmiinck were based, and may there-
fore be considered co-types of species described by those authors.

Lidth de Jeude (Dr. Th. G. van), of Utrecht. [1858]

A few stuffed Mammals, a large number in preserving fluid, and over
dOO skulls and skeletons. Purchased.

These specimens, being without accurate data, were long supposed to
be of little value, but in 1892 it was discovered, mainly from internal
evidence, that many of them must have come originally from the
cdlection of Albert Seba, and have been the specimens figured in his
fdio work, ** Locupletissimi Berum Naturalium Thesauri," of which the
first volume, dealing with the Mammals, was published in 1735. Seba's
figures were in many instances the bases of names given by LinosBus and
other early authors, and it follows therefore that these specimens, where
identifiable, are the actual types of the species. Types of the following
ffpedes are in this way determinable: Pieropus vampyrua, Linn.,
CkrysoMoris (uiaticaj Linn., Pteropus vampyrus, Linn., E!erivoula picta^
PalL, Didelphu philander, murines, and dorsigera, Linn., and D. brevi-
mwiata, £rxL (See Tliomas, P.Z.S., 1892, p. 309.) Also the skeleton
of an immature Rorqual (BcUmnoptera sibixildC), the type of Physalus
iatirostris. Flower, P.Z.S., 1865, p. 28.

Lilford (Thomas Littleton, 4th Lard). [1873]

Mammals from Spain and Italy collected by himself, and others froa
varioos parts of Europe, obtained at his expense, about 300 in all.

The late Lord Lilford, though primarily an ornithologist, was always
much interested in Mammals and did all in his power to assist their
«tady. B^des collecting himself in early life in Southern Europe, he
eoDtributed liberally towards the expenses of other collectors, giving an
tnnual sum for this purpose. The present improved, though still very
iooraiplete, European collection is largely due to his assistance.

44 Zoology.

Lisbon Musemn. [1868]

84 Mammals from Portugiiese W. Africa, chiefly Angola. Presented
and exchanged.

Including typical specimens of a number of species, either described
by the Director, Prof, ^arboza du Bocage, or worked out for him by the
British Museum staff. The most important types and co-types are
those of Frocavia hocageiy Gray, Macroscelides hrachyurus^ Boc., Vesperiilio
hicolor, Boc., Steatomys hocageiy Thos.

Littledale (St. George). [1887]

Traveller in Central Asia.

122 Manomals, mostly large, from the Caucasus, various parts of
Central Asia, and Eamschatka. Presented.

Also fine examples of the European Bison (Bison bon<Mus) shot by
Mr. Littledale in the Caucasus.

LivingBtone (Dr.). [1859]

Elephants' skulls and teeth, and some small Mammals from the
Zambesi and Kovuma, including the types of Bhynchocyon macrurus,
Giinth., and Petrodromus rovurrue, Thos.

Loder (Sir Edmund G.), Bart. [1894]

The typical specimens of Oazella loderi and rvfina^ besides a number
of smaller Mammals from Algeria.

Loftus (Ksnnett). [1853]

8 Mammals from Persia, being the first received from that country,
and including the types of Herpestes persicusy Gray, and Jaculus lo/tusiy
Blanf.

Lord (Br. J. K). [1860]

Author of the " Naturalist in British Columbia," 1866.

95 Mammals from Vancouver's Island and British Columbia, coUected
during the North American Boundary Commission. Presented by the
Foreign Office.

The types of Lord's Fiber osoyosensis and Lagomys minimus^ besides
some species described by Dr. Gray, are among these specimens.

Lovat (Simon Joseph Fbaseb, 16<A Lord). [1900]

25 Mammals from Southern Abyssinia, including the type of
Dendromys lovati^ de Wint. Presented by Mr. H. Weld Blundeu and
Lord Lovat. See de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1900, p. 79.

Low (Sir Hugh), 0.aM.G. [1847]

62 Mammals from Borneo, the earlier ones forming the first inoportant
collection of small Manunals from that country received by the Museum.
Purchased.

Among others the types of Ptilocercus lowiiy Gray, Tupaia spUndidula,
Gray, Tupaia minor, Gunth., Sdurus lowii, Thos., Trtchys tipurc^ and
Eystrix crassispinis, Giinth., are included.

Lugard (Gen. Sir F. D.), B.S.O. [1894]

7 Mammals from British East Africa and Uganda, obtained during
bis early expeditions in those countries. Presented.

Mammals. 45

Lliiken (2V. Ch.). [1885]

Director of the Copenhagen Museum*

A complete skeleton, and a skull with two tusks, of the Narwhal
(Monodon manoceros). Purchased.

Lydekker (R.). [1880]

26 skulls of large Mammals, from Kashmir and North India ; also one
of the co-types of Eupetaurw cinereus. Presented.

Lyle (T. H.). [1897]

H.B.M. Vice-Consul, Nan, Siam.

196 Mammals from Nan and other localities in Northern Siam.
Presented.

Including the types of Petaurista lylei, Bonh., and Lepus Miamensis^
Bonh. See Bonhote, Proc Zool. Soc, 1900, p. 191, 1901, p. 52, and
1902, p. 38.

McConneU (F. V.). [1896]

175 Mammals from British Guiana, mostly ohtained during an expedi-
tion hy Dr. J. J. Quelch to the Kanuku Mountains, where a number of
new forms were discovered, notably Mesophylla (g. n.), macoonneUi^
Mohuus mauruSf PhyUoBtoma kUi/olium, aciurus qvelchii, and Rhipi"
domys nitula. See Thomas, "On a coUection of Mammals from the
Kanuku Mountains, British Guiana " (Ann. Mag. N.H. (7), viii., p. 139,
1901). Presented.

Macdonald {Capt. R. E.). [1865]

The skeleton of a male Sperm Whale {Physeter macrocephalu$) from
Stndside Bay, near Thurso, Caithness. Presented.
This skeleton is just over fifty feet in length.

MacFarlane {Bev. S.). [1884]

48 human crania and 82 lower jaws from Jervis Islands, Torres
Straits. Also some small Mammals from the same region. Purchased.

The human skulls were described, J. Anthr. Inst., xiv., p. 328, 1885.

MacgUlivray (John). [1841]

Examples of Myotis daubentoni from Aberdeen Cathedral, and about
50 Mammals from the Australian region collected during the surveying
Toyages of H.M.S. BeraJd and H.M.S. Battlesnake. Presented by the
Admiralty or by the Museum of Economic Geology.

Mackinder (R J.). [1900]

45 Mammals obtained during his expedition to Mount Kenya, British
East Africa, in 1899, and including the types of 4 new species, the
most notable being those of Procavia mackinderi and crawshayi. Pur-
chased. (See Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1900, p. 173.)

Maclear (Cape.) B.N. [1887]

4 Mammals from Christmas Island, being the first received from that
place, and including the types of Pteropus ncUcdis and Mus mtideari,
(See Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1887, p. 511.) Presented by the Lords of
the Admiralty.

46 Zoology.

MacLeay (W. S.). [1838]

14 bats from Cuba.

These were the specimens on which Gray's "Descriptions of some
Mammalia discovered in Cuba by W. S. MacLeay, Esq." (Ann. Mag.
N.R (1), IV., p. 1, 1839) was based. The types of Stenoderma/alcatum,
Chilonycteris madeayi^ Nyctinomus macrotis and VespertUio cuhensiSf
were included.

Major (Dr. C. I. Forsyth). [1897]

164 Mammals from Madagascar, collected during his expedition in
1894-96. Presented by the Royal Society.

This is by far the most important collection from Madagascar that
the Museum has ever received, and contains the tjrpes of no less than
14 species, mostly described by Dr. Major himself, the most notable being
those of Oryzorictes niger, Microgale, 5 species, lAmnogaie (g. n.) mergulus^
Brachyuromys (g. n.) ramirohitraj and Gymnuromys (g. n.) roberti. Cf.
Major, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1896, p. 971.

Manning (General). [1899]

Deputy-Commissioner for British Central Africa.

42 Mammals from Nyasaland, mostly obtained by officers of the
administration. Presented.

Mansel-Pleydell (J. C). [1883]

British Mammals from Dorsetshire, including the series of the British
Squirrel on which the changes of pelage were worked out. (Cf. Thomas,
Zoologist, 1896, p. 401.) Presented.

Mantell (Dr. G.). [1841]

A number of skulls of recent Mammals. Purchased with the famous
Mantell collection of fossils.

Maw {Lieut. H. L.), B.N. [1828]

Mammals obtained during a journey across Peru and down the River
Amazon from December, 1827 to May, 1828. Some casual references
are made to the animals in Lieut. Maw's '* Journal of a Passage from the
Pacific to the Atlantic," 1829.

Among others the Skunk described by Prof. Lichstenstein of Berlin,
during a visit to this country, as ** Mephitis amazonica*^ (Abhandl.
Akad. Berlin, 1836, p. 275, 1838), was in this collection.

Meek (Albert). [1895]

105 Mammals from the D'Entrecasteaux and other groups of Islands
in the Papuan region ; including the types of Eyomys (g. n.) meehi^
Anisomys (g. n.) imitator y Fogonomys pulcher, Fhalanger meeki, inter-
castellanus, and others. Purchased.

Meinertzhagen (Capt. R.). [1904]

36 Mammals from British East Africa, including the typical specimens
of the new Forest Pig {Hylochoerus meinertzhageni). Presented.

Mexican Museum. [1889]

27 Mammals from Vera Cruz, including the types of Lepus verm-
erucis, and Oalera barhara senexy Thos. Received in exchange.

Mammals. 47

Meyer (Dr. A. B.). [1872]

Director of the Dresden Museum.

33 Mammals from the East ludian Archipelago, including the type
of Uromys aruensis. Gray. Piurchased.

Miketta (R.). [1899]

106 Mammals from Northern Ecuador, including the types of a
number of new species, of which the most notahle are Vampyrope
dmalis^ Tylomys mirmj Rkipidomys drytu, Nedomys esmefxddarum^ and
Ltfw surdaster. Purchased, or presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Miller (Gbbbit S.), Junr. [1894]

139 Mammals from North America, from his own collection, and
maDy of them representing species described by himself. Presented.

MillBon (Alyan). [1893]

28 Mammals from Lagos and Benin, Nigeria. Presented.

Mitchell (Sir Thomas L.). [1847]

Australian explorer. Author of '* Three Expeditions into the Interior
of Eastern Australia." 1838.

23 Mammals from Eastern Australia, including the types of Conilurus
mUcheUi, Ogilby, and Antechinomys laniger, Gould.

Moloney {Sir C. A.). [1883]

Governor of the Gold Coast.

12 Mammals from the Grambia, Lagos, and elsewhere in West Africa.
Presented.

Including the types of Vespertilio molaneyi and OerbUlus gmcUis.

Monckton (C. A. W.). [1904]

15 Mammals from British New Guinea, including the types of Uromys
moMkUmi and Mus mordax. Presented.

Monteiro (F. R). [1864]

10 Mammals from Angola and the CJongo. Purchased.

Monhot. [1859]

43 Manunals from Siam, Gamboja and Cochin China. Purchased.

Including the types of Hylobates pUeaius, Sciurus siamensis and
others. Other specimens — mostly bats — ^received in the Tomes collection.
(See Gray, Proc. ZooL Soc., 1861, p 136.)

Murray (G. R. M.). [1887]

Keeper of Botany.

6 Mammals from Grenada, West Indies, collected during the Eclipse
Expedition of 1886. Presented.

Hansen (Fritjop). [1887]

Arctic explorer. Formerly Director of the Bergen Museum.

The skeleton of a male Killer {Orca orca) from Norway. Purchased.

Naylor (R. C). [1876]

The skeleton of the well-known racer and sire "StockwelL" Pre-
sented.

48 Zoology.

Nemnann (A. H.). [1893]

11 Mammals from East Africa and Zululand, including the types
of several interesting forms, such as Oiraffa reticulaUiy de Wint,
Nesotroffus ztUuensis, Thos., Ocucella g, notcUa, Thos., &o. Presented.

Newnes (iS^tV George), Bart. [1901]

A series of the skins and skulls of Seals collected during the Antarctic
Expedition of the Southern Cross. Presented.

See *' Report on the Collections of Natural Hbtory made in the
Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the Southern Cross,** published
by the Trustees, 1902.

The account of the Seals was written by Captain G. E. H. Barrett-
Hamilton and Dr. E. A. Wilson.

OateB (E. W.). [1881]

24 Mammals from Pegu, worked out by Dr. J. Scully. Presented.

Oldham {Prof. T.). [1856]

89 skulls of Indian and Malayan Mammals collected by Mr. W.
Theobald, and presented by him to Prof. Oldham. Presented.

Pamell (Dr. R.). [1843]

6* Bats from Jamaica, including the co-types of Chilonycteris pamdli^
(Jray. Presented.

Partridge (R.). [1842]

Heads of male and female Nilgiri Wild Goat {Eemitragus hylocrius).
Types of Gray's " Copra (iJcsc) warryato.** Presented.

Patmore {Capt. C. Milnes). [1886]

A fine specimen of the Southern Sea Lion {Otaria jubatd), and a
separate head, from the Falkland Islands.

Payne (George). [1884]

13 human skulls from an Auglo-Saxon cemetery at Sittingboume.
Presented.

Described in the Proc. Soc. Antiquaries, Jan., 1884.

Pearce (Robert). [1846]

The skeleton of a Killer (Oroa orca), from Weymouth. Co-type of
0. stenorhyncha. Gray. (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1870, p. 71.)

Pease {Sir Alfred E.). [1901]

17 Mammals from Southern Abyssinia, including the type of Macro*
scelides jpeasei, Thos. Presented. (See Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7)
VIII., p. 154, 1901.)

Peel (C. V. A.). [1898]

Author of " Somaliland," 1900.

15 Mammals from Somali Land, including the types of GerhiUus imbdlis
and pedi, de Wint. Presented.

Pentland (J. B.). [1850]
Traveller in the BoUvian Andes.
G Mammals from the high Puno of Bolivia. Presented.

Mammals. 49

Fercival (A. B.). [1901]

64 MammalB from British East Africa and Uganda, including the
tjpe of a remarkable new bat (^ClctoHi (g. n.) perciwait)^ and other
interestiDg Mammals. Presented.

See aJko D0D6OH, W.

Fezrens (Richard). [1894]

98 small Mammals from GK>ya, Corrientes, Argentina, being the first
ODill Mammals prepared in modem fashion reoeiv^ from South America.
Presented bj Ol&eld Thomas.

Including the types of Ctenomys perremi, Mohsaus currentiumf and
others.

Perth Mnaeum, WeBtem Anstralia. [1900]

48 ^lammals from Western Australia, and from Barrow Island;

receiyed in exchange, through the Curator, Mr. B. H. Woodward.

The types of Jdaeropua oennnus and woodwardi^ of Feramelet

barroicensis and of Mus ferculinus, all described by Thomas, are

included.

Peters {Dr. W.). [1858]

Director of the Berlin Museum.

12 Mammals from Mozambique and the Zambezi, collected by Dr.
Peters, being typical specimens of species described in his " Keise nach
Mossambique— -Saugethiere,'' 1852. Received in ezclumge.

A number of authentically named bats from the same source received
with the Tomes collection.

Petherick {Consul J.). [1859]

10 Mammals from the Bahr el Grazal and the Upper Nile, including the
typical heads of Mrs. Gray's Waterbuck (Kobtu marim), (See Gray,
Ann. Mag. N. H. (3X iv^ p. 296, 1869.) Purchased.

Petrie {Prof. W. M. Flinders). [1888]

192 skulls of mummies from Egypt, and a number of mummied
animals, mostly cats. One of the most interesting specimeos is the skull
of a Hartebeest {Babalis Idtvel), a species no longer inhabiting the district.
Presented.

Petterd (W. R).
Sf:e HiooiNS, T.

Phillips (E. LoRT). [1885]

55 Mammals from Somali Land, including the tyi)cs of a number of
new 8])ecie8, among which may be specially noticed the remarkable
naked Ilodent-mole {ffeterocephalus phillipsi), Acomys Icniism^ Madoqua
pkUIipst, and others. Presented.

Pierre (M.). [1878]

Director of the Botanic Gardens, Saigon.

55 Mammals from Cochin China and Siam. Presented.

Pratt (A. E.). [1898]

6 Mammals from China, including the types of Hipjposiderus pnitti
and Microtus chinenstSj Thos., and 6 from New Guinea. Purchased.

38 Mammals from Valdivia, Colombia, including the type of Nectomys
ruuuluif Thos. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

VOL. II. E

50 Zoology.

Piyer (H.). [1880]

49 Mammals from Japan, including the type of Talpa mizura,
Giinth. Purchased and presented.

Pryer (W. B.). [1879]

British Resident at Sandakan.

11 Mammals from British North Borneo, including the type of
Sciurus pryeri, Thos. Presented and purchased.

Qnelch (J. J.).

See McCoNNKLL, F. V.

Rae (Dr. J.). [1849]

Arctic explorer. Author of "Nairative of an Expedition to the
Shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846 and 1847," with a list of Mammals by
J. E. Gray, 1850.

39 Mammals from Arctic America. Presented and purchased.

Raffles {Sir Stamford), (1781-1826). [1830]

Various Mammals from his East Indian collection^, mostly from
Sumatra. Presented by Lady Raffles.

Owing to the disastrous loss of the great mass of Sir Stamford Raffles^s
collections by the burning of the Fame^ the specimens actually
received in England form but an insignificant proportion of those
obtained by the founder of the Zoological Society. Happily, besides
those presented by Lady Raffles, Sir Stamford sent a certain number
through Dr. Horsfield to the Museum of the East India Company, and
these, transferred to the British Museum in 1879, help to represent the
work he Jdd in this respect for the benefit of science. (See " Memoir of
the Life and Public Services of T. S. Raffles," by his widow, 1830.)

Radcliffe {Col C. Delm^). [1903]

85 Mammals obtained during the Anglo-German Uganda Delimitation
Commission, and including the type of Buhalua caffer rctdcliffeiajid others.
Presented.

See Thomas and Schwann, P.Z.S., 1904, i., p. 459.

Rayner {Dr. P. M.). [1858]
Surjreon of H.M.S. HeraXd.

40 Manunals from the Fiji and other islands of the Pacific, collected
during the voyage of H.M.S. Herald. Presented by the Admiralty.

Reade (P. Winwood). [1863]

Author of " Savage Africa," 1864.

Skin and skulls of Taurotrcbgus derhianus, and a few other West
African Mammals. Presented.

Reeves (John Russbll). [1831]

A number of Mammals from India and China, being the first which
came from the latter country. The types of Felts chinensis, Helictis
moachcUa, Paguma larvata, and Rhizomys sinensis^ (^ray, were included
in the collection. (See Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1831, p. 94.)

RendaU {Br. Perot). [1889]

134 Mammals from the Gambia, Nyasaland, the Transvaal, and
Trinidad, including the types of several new sixjcies, of which the most
notable are Vespertilio rendalli and Scotcecua alhofuscus, Thos.

Mammals. 51

Riehardflon {Major A. J.).

11 Mammals, moetlj from the Transvaal and Orange River Colony,
obtained during the Boer war. Presented.

Richardson {Dr,^ afterwards Sir John). [1837]

Author of " Fauna Boreali- Americana : Quadrupeds,** 1829.

A large number of specimens, mostly from North America, presented
it various dates, many of them representing species described by
himself.

Many of these specimens, as being types of early North American
fpecies, are of the utmost interest and importance, and in the recent exact
study of North American Mammals, have constantly had to be referred
to for comparison with modem material

The types of Sorex pdlustrU and 8. richardsoni, Neotoma drummondiy
Sparmophtlus /ranklinif Rich., Futoritu longicaudata, cicognani and
riekardtonif Bonap., and others are included in the series.

Rickett (C. B.). [1894]

162 Mammals from Foochow and Euatun, South-East China. Pre-
sented.

Including the type of MyotU ricketti^ Thos.

Robert (Alphonsb). [1897]

Mammals from Montauban, Switzerland, presented by himself, and
from the Pyrenees and South- West France, presented by Oldfield Thomas.

237 Mammals from SSo Paulo, Brazil ; 108 from Minas Geraes, and
130 from Parana. Purchased.

ISI from Matto Grosso. Presented by Mrs. Percy Sladen.

115 from Espirito Santo; 164 from Bahia; 126 from Pemambuco,
iDd 112 from Para. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

About 1200 specimens in all.

Although the Parana and SSo Paulo specimens have been purchased,
the expedition was materially aided financially by the generosity of Sir
William Ingram and the Hon. Walter Rothschild.

Mr. Robert is one of the best of modem collectors, and has been highly
successful in obtaining valuable material, among others the types of
Lonchophylla (g. n.) mordaxy Sciurtu ingrami^ Coendou robertif Oxymyc-
Unu qumstor and roberti.

Mr. Robert also accompanied Dr. Forsyth Major on the latter's
expedition to Madagascar in 1894-96, and much of its success was due
to his help.

Robinson (H. C). [1896]

9 Mammals from Java, Australia and the Malay Peninsula. Presented,
91 Mammals from the Malay Peninsula, including; 7 types, being the

material on which an important paper by J. L. Bonhote (''Fasciculi

Malayenses,** toL i., 1903) was based. Presented in conjimction with

Mr. N. Annandale.

Rohn (H. S.). [1901]

15 Mammals from the Albert Edward Range, Central New Guinea.
Purchased.

Including the type of a new Bat (Phihtor (g. n.) roAut, Thos.).

E 2

52 Zoology.

Rosenberg (W.). [1897]

84 Mammals from Northern Ecuador, includiDg the types of 9 new
species, of which the most notable are Artibeus rosenbergij Nectomys
saturatus, Echimys gymnurus, and Lepua andinuSf Thos. Fresented by
Oldficld Thomas.

Ross (B. R.). [1861]

47 Mammals from Fort Simpson and Fort Halkett, Hudson Bay
Territories. Some presented by Andrew Murray, Esq., and others by
Mr. Ross himself.

Ross (Odjpt. Sir James), B,N. [1843]

The Seals obtained during the historic Antarctic voyage of H.M.SS.
Erebus and Terror, and described by Dr. Gray. Presented by the
Admiralty.

Among these are the two original specimens of Ross's Seal (Ommato-
phoca ro88it)y a species not again obtained until the end of the century.

Also a number of Mammals from Tasmania. Presented.

Rothschild {Hon. N. Charles). [1898]

357 Mammals from various localities.

In connection with his study of the Pulicidae, Mr. Charles Rothschild
has collected, or caused to be collected, a great many Mammals, and in
order that these should not be wasted, he has had them properly prepared,
and presented to the National Museum. The most important series is
one obtained by himself and Mr. A. F. R. WoUastoo, at Shendy, on the
Upper Nile (see de Winton, Novitates ZooL, viii., p. 397, 1899), one from
the Atbnra, worked out by Mr. H. Schwann, and a further series from
the Liu Kiu Islands, worked out by Mr. Bonhote.

Included types: Qerhillus watersi, de Wint., Lepus rothschildi, de
Wint., Mm caroli, Bonh., and others.

Rothschild {Son. Walter), Trustee. [1894]

363 Mammals from various parts of the world. Presented.
The Museum owes to Mr. Rothschild both a considerable number of
important large Mammals, presenteil for exhibition, such as the fine
Elephant Seal {Macrorhinus lconinus\ and a Giraffe, and also many
highly interesting collections of small Mammals from different parts of
the world, worked out by 0. Thomas, and containing numerous types, of
which may be specially mentioned : Mallomys (g. n.) rothschUdi, Dasy-
procta coibm, Coendou rothschildi, Phalanger melanotis, etc.

Rudd (C. D.). [1903]

501 Mammals obtained during a systematic exploration of South Africa
carried out by a trained collector, Mr. C. II. B. Grant. Presented.

This exploration is one of the most important events that has ever
taken place towards the furthering of our knowledge of the Fauna of
South Africa, for the collector is able to be sent to localities specially
selected for the purix)se, and the chief faunistic areas can therefore be
systematically explored and compared. Collections have up to the present
been made at the Cape, in Namaqua Land, the Wakkerstroom district of
the Transvaal, and iu Zulu Land. Mr. Grant is a good trapper and
taxidermiht, and the specimens that he has obtained are among the best
that the Museum has ever received. Papers are being prepared by 0.
Thomas and U. Schwann on the collections as they arrive, the first, on
that from Namaqua Land, being published, P.Z.S., 1904, i., p. 171.

Mammals. 53

BiippeU (Jh. K). [1836]

Ibmmals from Abysania. Purchased.

These specimens are from the famous ezploriDg journey to Abyssinia
which resulted in the important works, " Atlas zu der Reise im ndrdlichen
Afrika Ton Eduard RUppeU," folio, 1826 (the Mammals by P. OretzschmarX
and " Keue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehdrig, entdei^t
ODd beechrieben von Dr. Eduard RtippeU," folio, 1835.

The series obtained by the Museum consists of co-types of many of
the striking animals dlBcovered by Dr. Riippell, among which may be
mentioDed Cciobus gueraa^ Theropithecus ffdada, Cants simentis, Sciurui
multicolor^ Tatchyoryctes macrocq>?MltUy T. $plenden$, and Qaxdla toem-
merringii,

RoBsia {KLM. the Emperor of). [1845]
2 specimens of the European Bison from Lithuania.

8t Petenbiirg Mnaeum. [1892]

46 Mammals from Siberia, including typical specimens of many of the
necies discovered by the explorer Col Przewalski, and described by Dr.
£. Bdchner in the ** Mammalia Przewalskiana.* Received in exchange.

Salle (A.). [1848]

Traveller and Collector in Central America.

70 Mammals from Mexico and Central America, including the types of
AkuaUa paUiata^ C^ny* Oeomys merriami^ Thos., and others. Purchased.

Balmon (J. K). [1872]

60 Mammals from MedeUiu, Colombia. Purchased.

Types of Hapale leucopua, Thrinacodw dlbieauda, GUnth., Loncheres
eoMiapB, Gtinth., and Nectomys grandis, Thos., were included.

Salvin (Osbbbt). [1865]

Joint editor, with Mr. F. Du Cane Godman, of the "Biologia
Centrali- Americana."

233 Mammals from Central America.

Types of Oryzomys couesi, Alst, Chiroderma salvini^ Dobs., and
EeUromyt iolvini, Thos., are included. Presented and purchased.

Bambon {Dr. L.). [1901]

10 Mammals collected during malaria experiments of 1900 in the
Soman Campagns, and including the type of the Roman Mole (To/pa
romana). Presented.

Sandenon {Capt. G. P.). [1882]

Superintendent of Keddas, India.

Fine specimens of Indian Elephant, Tiger, &c. Among others the
skull of a young specimen showing the milk tusks in position, l^lrchased
and presented.

Sclaier (Dr. P. L.). [1886]

Secretaiy of the Zoological Society, 1859-1902.

259 Mammals from Somaliland and other localities, sent to him by
Tirious OQrrespondents. Many of them typical of species described in
the Proceedings of the Society. Presented.

Dr. Sclater has always utilised his position to encourage possible
oollectoTB, aiKl many of the finest series that the Museum has received
hsve been commenced at his instigation.

54 Zoology.

Sdater (W. L.). [1887]

Director of the South African Museum, Cape Town.

9 Mammals from British Guiana, including the type of Hhipidomya
sdcUerif Thos. Presented.

ScuUy (Dr. J. H.). [1881]

23 Mammals from Gilgit and neighhouriug localities. Presented.
The basis of Dr. Scullps papers, Proc. Zool. Sec., 1881, p. 197.
Includes typical specimens of Microtu$ hlan/ordij Scully.

Seebohm (H.). [1879]

63 small Mammals from various localities. Presented.

Seimund (E.). [1904]

137 Mammals from the island of Fernando Po, including topotypes
of a large number of long-described species aud the type of Scolonycteris
hed/ordi. Presented by the Duke of Bedford, Mrs. Percy Sladen, and the
Hon. W. Rothschild.

See Thomas, P.Z.S., 1904, ii., p. .

Selous (F. C). [1881]

South African sportsman and writer.

144 Mammals from South Africa, especially Rhodesia. Purchased and
presented.

Mr. Selous obtalued a fine series of large animals for the exhibition
galleries of the Museum, besides presenting a valuable collection of small
Mammals from Matabililand.

Types of Cynictis selousi, de Wint, Georychus nimrodi, de Wint,
and others are included (see de Winton, Proc. ZooL Soc. 1896, p. 806.)

Selys-Longchamps {Baron E. db). [1837]

A number of Voles, representative of species described in his paper,
'*Le8 Campagnols des environs de Li^ge," 1836, and other memoirs on
the group. Presented.

Seoane (Dr. V. L.). [1885-93]

44 Mammals from Gorufla, North- West Spain. Presented.

Sharpe {Sir Alfred), KCB. [1892]

Commissioner of British Central Africa.

140 Mammals from Nyasaland, including the types of CoJchus sharpei,
Haphiceros sJiarpeif Thos., and other species. Presented.

Sir A. Sharpe, in succeeding Sir H. Johnston as Commissioner of
Nyasaland, has continued the zoological exploration begun by the latter.

Simons (Pbrby O.). [1898]

170 Mammals from Sinaloa, Western Mexico, including the types of
8 new species. Purchased through Mr. W. W. Price.

1240 Mammals obtained during a collecting expedition from Ecuador
down the Andes of Peru and Bolivia into Argentina, made in 1898 and
1901. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Apart from that of A. Robert this is by far the most important
expedition that has been made in South America up to the present time,
and resulted in very large accessions to our knowledge of the regions
explored and to the Museum collections.

Mammals. 55

Ko less than 1240 specimens, selected for the Museum, were obtained
bjr Mr. Simons, besides large numbers of duplicates, and he discovered
more than 60 new species, besides the new senera TomoneoB^ Miller,
Andinomyty and Neoctodon^ Thos. He also coflected over 3000 birds, a
kige number of reptiles, and many thousand insects.

In January, 1902, to the great misfortune of the Museum, Mr. Simons
WIS treacherously murdered by a Chilian guide when traversing the
Andes, and so his wonderful collecting expedition came to an untimely
end.

Sloane {Sir Haks). [1753]

The few specimens that can be identified as having come from the
Museum of Sir Hans Sloane, the founder of the British Museum, are
referred to above, p. 2.

Bladen {Mr$. Pebct). [1903]

181 Mammals from Chapada, Matto Grosso, collected by Mr. Alphonse
Bobert, and including the types of CanU sladeni^ MarmoM constantix,
and 5 other new species. Presented.

See Thomas, P.Z.S., 1904, iL, p. 232.

Mris. Sladen also contributed towards the expense of the Seimund
expedition to Fernando Po.

Sloggett {Col. A. T.), OMO. [1901]

A fine series of 316 Mammals from Dcelfontein, Cape Colony, collected
during the Boer War by Troopers C. H. B. Grant and E. Seimund.
Presented.

CoL Sloggett had charge of the general hospital at Deelfontein during
the war, and utilised the occasion to have the present series formed for
the National Museum. The types of Otomys sloggetti^ Thos., 0. unisul-
eaitu grantiy Thos., and of the remarkable Kopje Hare {Lepus monttcu-
Jarii) are included.

Bmith {Sir Andbkw). [1838]

141 Mammals from South Africa, illustrating Sir A. Smith's works
on the Fauna of that country. The specimens first received were those
obtained on the expedition led by Dr. A. Smith, as he then was, in
183i-6, for exploring the central parts of South Africa. These specimens
were described in Dr. Smith's " Report of the Expedition for exploring
Central Africa " (published in Cape Town in 1836), after which they were
brought home to England, and exhibited in the Egyptian Hall in 1837,*
and in 1838 sold by auction in order that funds might be obtained for
further exploration. Others were purchased through different dealers.

Either at this first sale, through the Zoological Society's Museum, or
later from the owner, the Museum obtained a fairly complete set of the
specimens, including practically all the types of the species discovered by
& Andrew Smith.

On the materials thus obtained Dr. Smith based his '* Illustrations of
the Zoolo^ of South Africa — Manmialia," fol., pis. L-lii., with letter-
press, 1838-48. His earlier "African Zoology, Part I., Mammalia,"
published in the "South African Quarterly Journal," vol. ii., 1833-34,
also contains descriptions of a number of new species of animals, the types
of which have likewise been acquired by the Museum.

* See "Gatalogiie of the South African Museum now exhibiting in the
Egyptian HaU in Piooadilly," 1837.

56 Zoology.

Smith {Dr, E. Donaldson).

23 Mammals obtained during his various expeditions in N.E. Africa,
notably those collected on his 1899 Somali to Nile trip. Presented.

Including types of several new species, of which the most notable are
Colobus a, poliurtu, Oroddura smithiif ikacroscelides horanttSt Madoqua
smithii and Qazdia g, hrightii.

Smith (John P. G.). [1844]

47 Mammals from Pemambuco and Para, including the tynes of
several Bats described by Dr. Gray, of whom the donor was son-in-law.

Smith {Dr. J. A.), of Edinburgh. [1874]

17 small Mammals from Old Calabar, West Africa, including the
types of Fipistrellua brunneus, and Kerivoula smithii^ Thos.

Smithsonian Institntion, Washington. [1866]

18 Bats from various parts of North America, determined by
Dr. Harrison Allen, author of the '* Bats of North America," 1864.

93 Rodents from North America, illustrating the Monographs of
North American Rodentia, by E. Ck)ues and J. A. Allen, 1877.

Smuts (J.). [1837]

Specimens " purchased at Publick Sale, 24 April, 1837, by Barrow and
Kirkman ; Imported by — Smuts, Esq., C.G.H.'*

79 Mammals, partly registered as from the Cape of Good Hope, and
partly from the " Mus. Leyden."

The first are no doubt specimens from the collection on which Smuts's
"Enumeratio Mammalium Gapensium," Leyden, 1832, was founded;
and the second, which are mostly Bats, appear to have been duplicate
specimens from the Leyden Museum, named by its then director C. J.
lemminck, and in many cases, therefore, are typical of species described
by him.

S&derstrSm (L.). [1896]

H.B.M. Consul at Quito.

127 Mammals from the highlands of Ecuador, including the types of
a number of new species, of which the most notable are those of the
Ecuadorean Pudu Deer (Fudu mephistophelis, de Wint.), Ichthyomys
soderstrdmi, de Wint, Coendou guichua^ Thos., and Feithrodontomys
soderstromif Thos. Presented.

South African Mnseum^ Cape Town. [1869]

The skulls of seven Whales and Dolphins from South Africa, including
some of the specimens described by Dr. Gray, Proc. ZooL Soc, 1865,
p. 522. Presented.

Speke {Capt. J. H.). [1859]

26 Manmials collected during his various exploring expeditions in
Africa. Presented. The specimens obtained during the East African
Expedition of 1863 were described by Dr. Sclater (Proc. ZooL Soc.,
1864, p. 98), and others by Dr. Gray. The types of Tragelaphus spekei,
BcJater, BdiophobiuB pallidus and H. albi/rons. Gray, and Arvicanthis
ipekeif de Wint., are among the series.

Mammals. 57

Spencer {Prof. Baldwin); [1897]

13 MammalB from Central Australia, described in tne " Report of the
Horn Expedition," 1896. Presented,

Stanley {Gapt. Owen) and Mr$. Stanley. [1848]

21 Mammals collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Battlesnake.

Steere {Prof. J. B.). [1876]

9 Mammals from the Philippines, including the types of Sciurus
tttertiy Gilnth., and Nannotciurus coneinntu, Thos. Purchased.

Stockholm Mosenm. [1846]

99 Mammals from different localities, but chiefly from Sennaar
(collected by Hedeoborg) and South-Eastem Africa (collected by Wahl-
berg). These two latter collections were worked out by Prof. Sundevall
(K. Vet Ak. Handl. Stockholm, 1842, p. 189, and ()fv. Vet Ak.
ForfaandL, ilL, 1846, p. 118) and the series obtained for the Museum
contains a number of specimens typical of species described by him.

Stokmann {Dr. Jean). [1881]

Director of the Branicki Museum, Warsaw.

32 Mammals collected in Peru, and forming the basis of a paper by
Thomas (Proc. ZooL Soc., 1882, p. 98). Including the types of Oryzomys
itohmannif 0. xanthmcluBy and Akodon mollis, Thos. Presented.

Streator (Clabk P.). [1898]

20 Mammals from California, all topotypes of described species.
PreMnted by Oldfield Thomas.

Start {CapL). [1846]

A few Mammals obtained during Capt. Sturt's expedition to the
interior of Australia. Presented.

See " Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia during the
years 1844-46," 1849. (Appendix on the Mammals.)

Styan (F. W.). [1886]

182 Mammals from China. Some purchased, but the majority
presented.

The collections of Mr. Styan have added very materially to our
knowledge of the mammalian fauna of China. Many new species have
been discovered by Mr. Styan, among others la to, Thos., Cnimarrogale
stifani, de Wint, Sciurua styani, Thos., Cricetulus iritorif de Wint., and
AUuru$ fulfferu styani, Thos.

Surgeons, Royal College of! [1841]

Three valuable Dolphins, the types of Cephalorhynchus heavisidei.
Gray, ProddphinuB o&scurtM, Gray, and DdphiniLs capensis. Gray,
ooUected by Oapt Heaviside at the Cape of Good Hope, and presented by
him to the Collie of Surgeons. Presented by the Trustees of the
College in 1841.

Swayne {General E. J.). [1891]

48 M|tn|TnAl« from Somali Land, including the types of Bnhalis stvaynei,
Sdater, and Madoqua swaynei, Thos. Presented.

58 Zoology.

Swinhoe {Col Charles). [1881]

12 Mammals from Kandahar, described by Dr. J. Scully (Ann. Mag.
N. H. (5), viii., p. 222, 1881), and including the type of QerMlus awinhoei,
Scully. Presented.

Swinhoe (Robert). [1861]

H.B.M. Consul in China. Author of many papers on the fauna of
China.

245 Mammals from China, Formosa and Hainan, bein^: the materials
on which his papers on the Mammals of those localities (Proc. Zool. Soc.
1862, p. 347, and 1870, pp. 224 and 615), were based. Presented and
purchased. Among the types are those of Cervus horiulorum^ Swinh. ;
Fipistrellus pulveratus, Peters ; Erinaceus dealbcUus, Swinh. ; Talpa
leptura, Thos. ; Belidis subaurantiaca^ Swinh.; Mdes ckinensis, Gray;
Petaurista grandis^ Swinh. ; Mtta losea and M. coxingi^ Swinh. ; Lepus
awifihoeif Thos. ; Capricomis swinhoei. Gray ; Cervus swinhoeit Gray ;
and Bydropotes inermis, Swinh.

Sykes {Col, W. H.). [1842]

10 Mammals from the Deccan. Presented.

These are original specimens from the material described in Col. Sykes's
" Catalogue of the Mammalia noticed in Dukhun " (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1831,
p. 99), and include the types of Canis pallipeSf Cuan duhhunensis^ and
Jfystrix leucara.

Certain other specimens from Col. Sykes's Deccan collection (e.y., the
co-types of Sciurus elphinstonei) were received with the India Museum
collection in 1879.

Tankerville (Charles, 5lh Earl of), [1839]

A Chillingham Bull.

The head of this Bull is now mounted, the body having been destroyed
when a fresh specimen arrived in 1890.

Tankerville (Charles, ^th Earl of), [1890]

A Chillingham Bull and the skeleton of a Cow. Presented.

Taylor (William). [1884]

118 small Mammals from San Diego, Texas, including the tyjM? of
Peromyscus taylori, Thos. Presented. (See Proc. ZooL Soc., 1888, p. 443.)

Thomas (Oldfield). [1880]

Assistant, 1876.

3136 Mammals, of which about 300 were obtained by himself in
England, Europe, and South America, and the remainder, mostly South
American, collected by G. D. Child (Bo;:ot4), A. E. Pratt (Colombia),
G. K. Cherrie (Orinoco), C. Engelke (Santa Marta), H. J. Wat sun
(Chiriqui), R. Perrens (Corrientes), L. Dinelli TTucuman), S. Bricefio
(Merida), F. M. Chapman (Trinidad), D. Coolidge and C. P. Streator
(California), G. and O. Garlepp (Peru), J. II. Batty and G. Uopke
(Colombia), R. Miketta (Ecuador), Perry 0. Simons (Andes of Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia and Argentina), and A. Robert (Espirito Santo, Bahia,
IVrnambuco and Para. Presented.

Thomasset (H. P.). [1896]

46 Mammals from the Transvaal, including several which had not
been obtained since the time of Sir Andrew Smith. Presented.

Mammals. 59

Thomaon {Dr. T. R. H.), B.N. [1842]

26 Mammals from Fernando Po. Presented.

Inclading the types of Foiana riehardsoni, (^rajf and Keriwuln
poensit. Gray, and the first specimens of Anomalurus received by the
MoseonL

Dr. Thomson went with the Niger Expedition, and gave to the
Museum a daplicate set of the Mammals obtained, the first set going in
Mr. L. Frasei^s name to the Zoological Society's Museum (see Water-
house, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 124), whence they wore afterwards
tzinsferred to the British Museum.

(See also Allen, Capt. W., and Thomson, Dr. T. R. H., "A Narrative
of the Expedition to the River Niger," 1848. Appendix, vol. ii., p. 472.)

Tomes (Robert F.).

About 500 specimens, chiefly bats, from the collection brought
together during the years 1845-1863, when Mr. Tomes was working
systematically at Mammals. Purchased from the executors.

This is the most important accession that the Museum has received
since the incorporation of the India Museum in 1879, for Mr. Tomes was
a volominous contributor to the Proceedings of the Zoological Society,
and these specimens form the material on which his papers were based.

He obtained specimens from all possible sources, and several note-
worthy collections passed into his possession ; of these may be specially
mentioned : —

1. A number of skeletons of Bats, presented to Mr. Tomes by Prince
G. L. Bonaparte, and representing species described by the latter in his
" Fauna Italica " (1832). The Imtory and condition of these specimens
are described by Mr. Tomes, Proc Zool. Soc., 1858, p. 81, footnote.

2. A large number of Bats collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the
Malay Archipelago.

3. The Bats obtained by Mr. H. W. Bates on the Amazons.

4. The Bats collected by Mr. G. J. Andersson in Damaraland, and
described by Mr. Tomes, Proc. ZooL Soc., 1861, p. 31. (Types of three
species included).

5. A selection of Bats and other small Mammals from Mozambique,
collected and named by Prof. Peters, whose species they represent.

6. A large number of Bats formerly in the Zoological Society's
Museuni, which was broken up about the time Mr. Tomes was collecting.
These include many historical and typical specimens, such as the co-tji^es
of Seotophiku heathi, described by Uorsfield in 1831.

7. Tne small Mammals collected by L. Eraser in Ecuador, and worked
out by Mr. Tomes in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Proc. Zool.
Soc, 1858-1860). These include, among others, the original '* Ilyracodon
{= Cmnolette$) /tUiginoeus,^ the first example of the Epanarthida to be
discovered.

From 1863, when he wrote the paper on Eyracodon, to his death in
1904, Mr. Tomes worked no more on exotic Mammals, but his collection,
at least so far as the skins are concerned, remains happily in perfect
preservation.

34 types have so far been identified as being in the collection.

Transit of Venus Expedition of 1875. [1876]

Specimens of Pteropus rodricensis, and a number of bones of Seals
and other Mammals from Rodriguez and Kerguelen. Presented by the
Boyid Society.

60 Zoology.

Trevelyan (Cajpt. Herbert). [1875]

37 Mammals from South Africa, including the type of the Giant
Golden-Mole (Chrysospalax irevelyani, Giinth.) from the Pirie Bush.
Presented.

Tristram {Bev. Odnon H. B.). [1864]

80 Mammals from Palestine, heing part of the series on which Ginon
Tristram's paper, " Report on the Mammals of Palestine " (Proc, Zool.
Soc., 1866, p. 84), was based.

The types of Lepus Judem, Gray, Merionea tristrami, Thos., and
Fsammomys Urrmsanctm^ Thos., are in this collection. Purchased and
presented.

Turner (John). [1838]

55 Mammals, many of them large, from South America, Sumatra,
the Northern Circars, India, and elsewhere.

Among others the typical skins oi^* Antelope zebrc^ Gray {Cephdlo-
phus dorim, Ogilyie), were purchased in this series.

Turner {Bet>. W. Y.). [1878]

17 Mammals from Demerara, including the types of Didelphis tumeric
Giinth., and Cants rudU^ Giinth. Purchased.

Underwood (C. F.). [1895]

105 Mammals from Costa Rica, including many species new to the
collection, and the types of Olyphonycteris (g. n.) sylvestrist and
Flylonycteris (g. n.) underwoodi, Thos. Purchased.

United States National Museum.

25 Mammals, mostly from the Malayan collections of Dr. Abbott,
and including representative specimens of a number of forms new to the
British Museum, notably the remarkable monkey Simias concolor.
Received in exchange.

United States Department of Agriculture. [1889]

233 Mammals from the United States and Mexico, illustrating the
working out of North American Mammals which has been carried on by
the Department. Presented through the Director, Dr. G. Hart Merriam.

The fine, but careful, distinction of closely allied species and sub-
si)ecies typical of modem American work is well illustrated by the series
of Chipmunks (Tamuu) sent by Dr. Merriam to the Museum.

Vardon {Oapt. Frank). [1850]

The typical specimen of the Lechee Antelope (Kohus lechee) from the
K. Zouga.

Verreaux (The Maison). [1837]

Besides the large number of animals purchased from the brothers
Verreaux as general natural-history dealers, the earlier collections had
special reference to South Africa, and included many specimens collected
and described by Dr. Andrew Smith (q.v.).

Mammals. 61

Wallace {Br. Alfrbd R.). [1856]

The famous traveller aod writer.

123 Mammals from the East Indian Archipehtgo, including many
types of species described by Dr. Gray ; the most notable are those
of ReiihroKiuruB macrotis^ Mus axinthurus and cdebensts^ Phdlanger
<MmtiSt &nd omtUiu, and Phatcogaie waUacei,

A number of Bats received in the Tomes collection.

Ward (ObZ. A. E.). [1903]

A number of Mammals from Kashmir, Including the types of Ochctona
wardi, Microius imitator^ and others. Presented.

Ward (Rowland). [1889]

65 Mammals, mostly large, from various localities. Presented.

For many years Mr. Rowland Ward has lost no opportunity of
encouraging sportsmen to present specimens to the National Museum,
ind is himself the donor of no inconsiderable number. Among these
latter are the type-specimens of Ovibos m, wardi^ Lyd., and Oryx callotis
and Cervieapra wardi, Thos.

Waterhouse (P. G.). [1870]

Director of the Adelaide Museum.

19 skulls of Wombats and other Marsupials from South Australia.
Presented.

Waterhouse (Gbo. R.). [1860]

Author of the "Natural History of the Mammalia," 1846-48.
Curator of the Zoological Society's Museum, and afterwards Keeper of the
Geological Department in the British Museum.

41 skins and skulls of small Mammals from various localities; among
others the type of FhcucogaJe suHtinsoni, Waterh. Presented.

Watson (H. J.). [1900]

218 Mammals from Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama, including the tyi^es of
14 new species. Mostly presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Wellington Mnseum^ New Zealand. [1876]

Some Bats and Rodents, and an important collection of Pinnipetlian
and Cetacean skulls and skeletons from New Zealand, including skeletons
of Seohalmna marginata and Me$oplodon hectori, Uoceived in exchange.

WelwitBcli (Dr.). [1866]

GO Mammals from Angola. Presented.
Whitaker (J. I. S.). [1894]

156 Mammals from Marocco, Tunis, and Tripoli, mostly collected by
E. Dodson, and others from Sicily. Presented.

The African specimens are the results of expeditions sent out by
Mr. Whitaker into the countries mentioned, and have proved of very
$:reat interest. They have formed the bases of the following pai)er8 :—
de Winton, " On a CJollection of Mammals from Morocco *' (Proc. Zoi»l.
Soc, 1897, p. 593); Thomas, "On the Mammals collected during the
Whitaker Expedition to Triix)li" (Ibid,, 1902, p. 2).

Types of 12 new species are included, of which the most noticeable
are those of Croddura whitakeri and Lepus atlanticusy de Wint., and
L. whitakeri, and Ctenodcuiylui vali, Thos.

The Sicilian series also includes types of Qlis insular is, Eliomys
pailidus and other species described by Barrett Hamilton.

62 Zoology.

Whitehead (John). [1894]

69 Mammals from Mount Kina-Balu, North Borneo^presented by
Oldfield Thomas — and 62 from the Island of Luzon, Philippines — presented
by the .subscribers to the Whitehead Fund.

Mr. Whitehead was one of the most successful collectors in the East
Indian Archipelago, and was the first to make zoological explorations on
Mount Kina-Balu and on the Data range in Luzon. At both localities he
found a large number of new forms, and at the latter especially many
remarkable animals were discovered, no less than eight representing new
genera. The most notable are Earpyionycteris whiteheadi, Rhynchomvi
soricoides, Carpomys meJanurus and C.phmuruSy Chrotomya whiteheaai^
and Baiomys granti. (See Proc. Zool. Soc., 1889, p. 228, and Trans. Zool.
Soc., xiv., p. 377, 1898.)

Whitely (H.). [1866]
Zoological collector.

23 Mammals from Japan and Peru. Purchased.

Including types of Mazama whitelyi, Gray, and Odocoileus peru^
vianuSf Gray.

Whyte (Alexander). [1877]

24 Mammals from Kandy, Ceylon. Purchased.

Mr. Whyte was for many years collector and naturalist to the Nyasa
Administration under Sir H. H. Johnston, and the actual collector of the
majority of the specimens from that region presented by the latter
gentleman (q.v.)*

Widdrington (Capt S. E.). [1842]

A Lynx and a Mungoose from the Sierra Morena, Andalucia, the
latter the type of Gray's Herpestes widdringtoni. Presented.

Wilcox (J. F.). [1875]

The typical specimens of Macropus wilcoxi. Gray, from New South
Wales. Presented.

Williams {Col W. H.), B.A. [1893]

A very interesting series of small Mammals from Van, Kurdistan,
including the types of Ellobius lutescens and Allactaga wiiliamsi, Thos.
Also some specimens from Uganda. Presented.

Witherby (H. F.). [1902]

18 Mammals from Persia, including the type of Mus wiiherhyi,
Thos. Presented.

46 specimens from the Soudan, including the types of Acomys wiiherhyi
and Glauconyctius floweri, do Wint.

WolflfBohn (J. A.). [1897]

273 Mammals from the neighbourhood of Valparaiso. Presented.

The series of Mammals collected and presented by Mr. J. A. Wolffsohn
is one of particular value owing to its containing topotypical examples of
the many species described by early writers on Chilian Zoology. The
specimens have been of constant service in working out the Mammals
obtained by Messrs. Simons, Dinelli, Foster, and other recent collectors.

Mammals. 63

Woltewtorflf {Dr. W.). [1892]

34 MammalB from Magdeburg and other parts of Germany. Presented
andpurchased.

Besides the specimens actually presented by him, the Museum owes
to the kindness of Dr. Wolterstorff large numbers of specimens obtained
bj his friends in different parts of Grermany and prepared by his
taxidermist in Magdeburg.

Woodford (C. M.). [1887]

73 Mammals, especially Bats, from the Solomon Islands. Purchased.

This series formed the first important collection ever made in the
Solomon Islands, and contains the types of many new and interesting
fonnB—among others, of Pteraiopex (g. n.) cUrata, Fteropus wood/ordi,
Samyderii (g. n.) wood/ordi, Anthops (g. n.) omatw, described by
0. Thomas (Proc. ZooL Soc., 1887, p. 320, and 1888, p. 470).

Woosnam (B. B.) and Dent (R. K). [1904]
129 Mammals from Kuruman, South Africa. Purchased.

Wroughton (R. C). [1896]

An officer in the department of Woods and Forests, Bombay.

214 Mammals, chiefly Bats, from the Bombay Presidency. Presented.

iDcluding the type oiRatufa decdbata, Blanf., of Scotophiltu wroughtoni,
Thoa, and of PipittreUtu chrysothrix and P, mimusy W rough too.

(See Wroughton, ** Some Konkan Bats," Joum. Bombay N. H. Soc.,
1899, p. 716.)

Also 52 specimens from Natal.

Terbury (Col. J. W.). [1884]

109 Mammals from Aden. Presented.

Our knowledge of the Aden fauna is very largely due to Col. Yerbury's
ooUections. (Sm Yerbury and Thomas, " The Mammals of Aden,**
Proc Zool. Soc., 1895, p. 542.)

Zoological Society of London. [1847]

Various animals from the Menagerie in Regent*8 Park, among them
a number of Hybrid Equidm bred at the Oardens. Presented.

Zoological Society's MoBeom. [1852-60]

The Zoological Society's deciding in 1851 to give up keeping a

Museum of its own, a selection of the specimens contained therein was

transferred, partly by purchase and partly by presentation, to the British

Museum. The collection thus received, numberiDg nearly 1500 examples,

forms with that of the India Museum the most important addition from

a historical point of view that the Museum has ever received. It

contained all or nearly all of the specimens described in the early days of

the Society in its ' Proceedings,* and the whole collections of many of the

founders of Zoology in Great Britain. Thus there are in it the specimens

obtained, and in many cases described, by Dr. Bachman, Sir John

Richardson, Messrs. Dickson and Ross, Sir Stamford Raffles, Sir Andrew

^ith, Mr. D. Douglas, Gen. Hardwicke, Mr. Hugh Cuming, Col. Syken,

Charles Darwin, Capt. P. P. King, Mr. B. H. Hodgson, Dr. Kilaart, Rajah

Brooke, and others, besides many types of species described by Mr.

Gto. R.' Waterhouse (the Curator of the Museum and the author of it«

64 Zoology.

Catalogue and of the ''Natural History of Mammalia,** 1846-48), hj
Mr. Martin, Mr. Ogilby, L. Fraser, E. T. Bennett, Dr. J. E. Uray,
Mr. Rtid, Dr. T. Bell, Mr Vigors, Dr. Horsfield, and others.

A number of the Bats in the Society's Museum, induding several
types, were acquired by Mr. B. F. Tomes, and have now been received
with bis collection.

Thb Types in the Collection.

The value of type-specimens, and the index which their
possession gives to the importance of a Museum, are now so
universally recognised that a few lines may be devoted to the
richness of the British Museum in this respect.

While the types contained in most European museums are
mainly those described by the successive officials, those in the
Britidi Museum — partly owing to its having so long been the
centre of British work on Mammals, and partly to the incorpora-
tion of the contents of other museums, themselves in their time
centres of activity — represent the work of an exceptionally large
number of naturalists, whose names it may be of interest to
record.

These fall naturally into two groups, as follows : —

I. — Authors, the whole or greater part op whose Types

ARE IN the Museum Collection.

Alston, E. B. Hobsfield, T.

Barbett-Hamilton, G. E. H. Leach, W. E.

Bennett, E. T. Ltdekkeb, B.

Blanpobd, W. T. Majob, C. I. F.

Bonbote, J. L. Mabtin, W. C. L.

Bboobe, Sib V. Ooilby, W.

Bubchell, W. Pocock, B. L

i)B AViNTON, W. E. Baffles, Sib T. S.

Dobson, G. E. Biohabdson, Sib J.

Du Chaillu, p. Sclateb, p. L.

Elliot, Sib W. Smith, Sib A.

Fbaseb, L. Smith, 0. Hamilton-.

Gbat, J. E. Swinhoe, B.

Gould, J. Thomas, O.

GuNTHEB, A. Tomes, B. F.

Hodgson, B. H. AVatbbhocse, G. B.

Mammals.

65

II.—AUTHOBS BBPBBSBNTBD BT ISOLATRD TyPBS IN THE

Museum Collbction.

Allkx, J. A.

ASDIBfiEXy K.
ANDKBdON, J.

Bachmax, J.
Ball, B.
Babtlstt, E.
Bdj:^ T.

Blaintillb, H. di.
Bltth, E.
boddaert, p.

BOXAFABTB, PbINOB C. L.

Caxtob, T.
Eluot, D. G.
Flower, Sib W.
G088B, P. H.
Habdwickx, T.
Habbib, W. C.
Hill, B.
H08B, C.

HUTTON, T.

Kblaabt, E. F.
Kebb, B.

KUHL, H.

Lataste, F.
l1cbten8tkn, h.

LlNNJEUS, C.

LOBD, J. K.

Mbbbiam. G. H.
MoClblland, J.

MiLLEB, O. S.

MncHBLL, D. W.

MUBBAT, A.

mubrat, j. a.
Netjmank, O.
Owen, B.

PSABflON, B.
PETEBi, W.

Beid, J.

BOTH0OHILD, Hob. W.
sohabtf, b. f.
Schwann, H.
sclateb, w. l.

SCULLT, J.

Shaw, G.
Shelfokd, U.
Sykes, W. H.
Taylor, J. H.
Trouessart, E. L.

TURTON, W.

Vigors, N. A,
Wagner, J. A.
Wrouohton, K. C.

In addition, specimens received from the Leyden Museum are
co-types of species described by Temminck, Miiller, and Schlegel,
from the Senekenberg Museum of Riippell, from *the Christiania
Museum of Collett, from the Copenhagen Museum of Lund and
Winge, and from the Stockholm Museum of Sundevall.

This list of authors, whose work is represented wholly or
in part by the collections in the British Museum is probably
anequalled for length and interest, especially when it is
remembered that specimens have not been systematically sent
ont for description, as is the case elsewhere, but that the
successive officials have themselves worked out and described on
arrival the great mass of the fresh accessions.

The resulting number of types is consequently very great,
and is probably not approached by that in any other Museum.
This is especially the case, if attention be directed to the more
distinct forms of Mammal life, the ''good species'' of older
writers, which indicate the first discovery of really distinct

VOL. II. F

66 Zoology.

animals. Owing to the systematic study of Mammals having
synchronised so closely with the growth of the British Empire,
the discovery of such distinct species has fallen very largely into
the hands of contributors to the British Museum.

With the modem finer methods of distinction, it is possible
that in mere numbers of types other collections may in time
rival the British Museum, but they can never approach it in
regard to the historical interest always attaching to the first
discovery of wholly new forms.

Catalogues.

A list of the Catalogues of Mammals in the British Museum
is given here, as the names, dates, and authors indicate the
progress of the Collection and the work which was being done
upon it at different times.

1843.— Lifit of the Bpeoimens of Mammalia. By J. £. Gray.

1846.— Oatalogae of the specimena and drawings of Mammals, «/c., of Nepal

and Thibet, presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. By J. E. Gray.
1847. — List of Osteological specimens. By J. E. Gray.
1850.— Catalogue of the specimens of Mammalia. By J. E. Gray. Part I.

Cetacea.
1850. — Catalogue of the specimens of Mammalia. By J. E. Gray. Part IL

1852. — Catalogue of the specimens of Mammalia. By J. £. Gray. Part III.

Ungtilata Faroipeda.
1859.— Catalogue of the Mammalia of New Guinea in the Britifih Museum.

By J. E. Gray.
1862. — Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia. By E. Gerrard.
1866.— Catalogue of Seals and Whales. 2nd Edition. By J. E. Gray.
1869. — Catalogue of Camivoroos, Pachydermatous and Edentate Mammalia.

By J. E. Gray.
1870.— Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats. By J. E

Gray.
1871.— Supplement to the Catalogue of Seals and Whales. By J. E. Gray.
1872. — Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia. By J. E. Gray.
1873.— Hand-list of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Baminant Mammals.

By J. E. Gray.
1874. — Hand-list of Seals, Morses, Sea-Lions, and Sea-Bears. By J. E. Gray.
1878.— Catalogue of the Chiroptera. By G. E. Dobson.
1884.— Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacifio Ocean

during the voyage of H.M.S. AUri — Mammals. By O. Thomas.
1885. — List of the specimens of Cetacea. By W. H. Flower.
1888. — Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata. By O. Thomas.
1900.— A Monograph of Christmas Island : Mammals. By C. W. Andrews.
1902.— Report on the collections made during the voyage of the Southern

OoM— Seals. By G. £. H. Barrett-Hamilton and E. A. Wilson.

2. DOMESTICATED ANIMALS, HYBRIDS, AND
ABNORMALITIES.

By B. LYDEKKER, F.R.S.

Lr the earlier days of the Museum, specimens of domesticated
animals, together with hybrids, were included in the exhibited
series of mounted skins ; while skeletons and skulls were collected
or received, as opportunity occurred, for the osteological series.
The Museum Catalogues issued during the time when the Zoolo-
gical Department was under the charge of the late Dr. J. E.
Graj took cognisance of specimens of the above nature, a large
number of which are entered in several of these publications,
more especially Mr. E. Oerrard's '^ Catalogue of the Bones of
Mammalia."

When the late Sir William Flower undertook the rearrange-
ment of the Mammal Galleries in 1896, the exhibited specimens
d domesticated animals (with the exception of a few, such as the
Indian humped ox, and the llama, which represented species by
themselves) were removed from the series and placed in store ;
this being done in the case of skins and skeletons alike. It
should, however, be mentioned that, even under this new depar-
tnre, domesticated breeds were by no means excluded from the
exhibited series. For Sir William Flower himself caused a series
of specimens of the various breeds of pigeons, and another of
canaries, as well as a few fowls, to be mounted and exhibited in
the Central Hall, in illustration of the range of variation in
individual species under the influence of man.

Recognising the importance of illustrating still more fully
this wonderful variability, and at the same time being desirous of
securing for posterity specimens of the domesticated breeds of
the present day (and, whenever possible, of past years also).
Professor Ray Lankester, the present Director, determined to
devote the greater portion of the North Hall to the exhibition of
spedmena of this nature, as well as of hybrids and abnormalities
ik all kinds. So soon as it was found practicable to put this
idea into working order, such of the mounted specimens of skins

F 2

68 Zoology.

oi domesticated bi*eeds and hybrids as were in a fit state for
exhibition were put on view in the North Hall, together with a
selection of skeletons and skulls. Steps were at the same time
taken to acquaint breeders at home, and the officials of museums
abroad, that the collection of domesticated breeds and hybrids
was in course of reorganisation and development ; and the Director
takes this opportunity of thanking those concerned for the cordial
response they have made to his request for assistance.

As new specimens were received and mounted, a large pro-
portion has been added to the exhibited sei-ies. Others, however,
more especially skulls and skeletons, have been placed in the base-
ment to form the nucleus of a study series. A large number of
skulls and skeletons of domesticated breeds are still included with
the store series of Mammalian osteology in the upper part of the
building — mainly for the reason that opportunity has not yet
been found for sorting them out and canying them below. It
should be added that a collection of photographs of modern breeds
forms an essential part of the scheme. And also that, when
practicable, the various breeds should be represented by skins
and skeletons of well-known animals — more especially prize-
winners. It is thus hoped that in the course of time the collection
will be of the highest value to the breeder, as well as to the
student of variation.

The following are some of the more important items in this
series : —

About 1827.

Lion-tiger hybrid (young) ; born at Edinburgh in Atkins's
menagerie, 1826 or 1827.

About 1836.

Galla ox horns. — Presented by Captain H, Olapperton, B.N.,
and Lt,-Col. D. Denhnm.

About 1840.
Hungarian bull, stuffed ; head alone now preserved.

1845.

A large series of skulls and skeletons of Indian and Tibettin
(as well as some European) mammals. These include dogs, cattle,
sheep, goats, pigs, horses, etc. — Presented by B. H, Hodgson^ Esq,

dmesticated Anhnals, Hybrids, and Abnormalities. 69

1847-48.

Two staffed hybrids between domesticated ass and BarchelFs
vt\}irh,^Zo6logical Society,

Specimens of llamas, and skulls of Gambian oxen. — Presentt'd
Uf ike Earl of Derby.

1856.

A series of skulls of Indian pariah dogs. — Pre$ented by
Dr. T. Oldham.

Skulls of English and Italian greyhounds. — Pre$ented by
W. YarreU, Esq.

1858.

Skull of Chinese " Chow-chow " dog, and skeleton of hornless
^%,^Zoological Society.

1859.

A series of skulls of German breeds of dogs, sheep, etc.-^
Dr. A. GUnther.

Old English bulldog skulL — Presented by Mr. E. Oerrard.

1862.

Galla ox skull. — Zoological Society.

1865 (?).

Skeleton of Piedmont bull. — Presented by H.M. King Victor
Emanuel XT. of Italy (to the Zoological Society, from whom it
was purchased by the Trustees).

1867.

A series of sheep and other skulls. — Dr. T. 0. Van Lidth
di' Jetide.

Fonnosan ox skull. — Presented by B. Swinhoi'y Esq.

1876.

Skeleton of English racehorse, "Stockwell," winner of the
Two Thousand Guineas and St. Leger, l^bl.— Presented hj
J. C. Naylor, Esq.

70 Zoology.

1882.

Head and skull of Irish wolf-hound, " Monica." — Presented hy
Capt, O. A. Oraham.

1884.

Humped Indian bull. — Zoological Society.
Head and skeleton of great Dane, "Jupiter." — Presented hy
F. Adcocky Esq.

1885.

Head and skull of Griffon hound. — Presented hy F. Adcoch,
Esq.

1887.

Skull of Niata bull.— iScnor G. Claraz.

Japanese long-tailed fowls. — Presented hy the ToJcio Museum.

Skeleton of Poitou ass. — Presented hy C. L. Sutherland, Esq.

1888.

Mounted skin and skeleton of English mastiff. — Presented hy
H. D. Kingdon, Esq.

Skeleton of mule. — Presented hy 0. L. Sutherland, Esq.

1890.

ChiUingham wild bull. — Presented hy the Earl of Tanhermlle.
Skeleton of Chillingham bull. — Presented hy the Duke of
Hamilton.

1891-95.

A series of specimens of domesticated canaries. — Presented hy
various donors, mainly through the instrumentality of W. H. Betts,
Esq.

Thirty-two specimens of domesticated pigeons. — Presented hy
different donors at the instigation of T. B. C. Williams, Esq.

1896.

Head of wild goat from Skye. — Presented hy Sir Donald
Currie.

Domesticated Animals^ Hyhridsy and Abnormalities. 71

1897.

Head of Scotch wild gotX.— Presented by C. OtenfeU, Esq.

1899.

Greyhound, " Fullerton,'' mounted skin and skeleton, winner
of Waterloo Cup, 1889-1892.— Presented by Sir W. J. Ingram,
Bart.

1900.

A aeries of specunens of domesticated rabbits. — Presented by
Inspector A, Brazier (some in 1901).

Fat-tailed sheep, mounted skin and skeleton. — Presented by
W. L Sdater, Esq,

A number of skulls of ancient Egyptian cattle, goats, and
dogi,— Presented by Prof. W. M. Flinders-Petrie.

Egyptian goat, mounted skin and skeleton. — Purchased.

Smoke Persian cat. — Presented by W. F. Heath, Esq.

190L

Head and feet of English racehorse, " Corrie-Roy." — Presented
hji Sir J. B. Maple, Bart.

A series of specimens of domesticated mice. — Presented by Sir
W. J, Ingram^ Bart.

A number of miniature models of cattle, sheep, pigs, and
horaes. — Purchased (some in 1902).

Head of Cape trek-ox. — Presented by South African Cold
Storage Co.

Head of Jersey bull ; head and skeleton of bloodhound,
"Champion Babbo," winner of 21 first prizes ; and skulls of other
bloodhounds. — Presented by E. Brough, Esq.

Angora goat. — Presented by J. E. Whittall, Esq.

Four-homed ram. — Presented by O. E. Bacon, Esq.

Head of Highland ram. — Presented by A. J. H. Campbell, Esq.

Male Afghan greyhound. — Presented by Mrs. Whitbread.

Skull of Devon ox. — Presented by F. Hamlyn, Esq.

Skeleton of Niata bull. — Presented by Dr. H. P. Moreno.

Shropshire Sheep. — Presented by Lord Wenlock, O.CS.I.

Head of Shorthorn bull, "Scottish Archer." — Presented by
Lord Middleton.

72 Zoology.

1902.

Great Dane dog, "Champion Viking of Redgrave," winner
of many prizes. — Presented hy Mrs, H. L, HorsfaU.

Head and skull of Angora goat. — Presented hy Messrs. J.
Foster, Limited.

South African piebald ram. — Presented hy E, C. LoumdeSy
Usq.

Head and skeleton of ditto. — Presented hy the Duke of Devon-
shire, K.O,

Hedjaz fat-rumped sheep, and skuU of Sudan sheep. — Pre-
sented hy Capt. Stanley S, Flower,

Spanish fighting bull. — Presented hy E, F, Johnston, Esq,

Black Chow-chow dog, winner of 6 first prizes and medals,
head of female red Chow-chow, " Champion Tien," and Eskimo
dog, " Farthest North," leader of Lieut. Peary's team in Grinnell-
land. — Presented hy Miss Casella,

Irish wolf-hound, " O'Le&rj, "—Presented hy O, E, Crisp, Esq,

St. Bernard dog, "The Deemster," winner of 25-guinea
challenge cup. — Presented hy H, B, Snary, Esq,

Fawn mastiff, " Tarquinius," winner of several prizes. —
Presented hy W, K. Taunton, Esq,

Skeleton of deerhound, " Champion Rufibrd Bend-Or," winner
of 50 prizes. — Presented hy F, L. Armstrong, Esq,

Head and skeleton of brindled mastiff, " Kathleen of River-
side," winner of 40-guinea challenge cup, 1898 and 1900. —
Presented hy W, K, Taunton, Esq,

1903.

Skull of English racehorse, " Bend-Or," Derby winner, 1880.
— Presented hy the Duke of Westminster,

Head of Red Kerry Dexter cow. — Presented hy Mrs, Leatham.

Head of Highland bulL — Presented hy J, H, Leigh, Esq,

Pariah dogs. India. — Purchased,

Dun Kiiatiawar pony. — Presented hy Superintendent, Bombay
Veterinary Department.

Bull-dog, " Lucy Stone," winner of several first and special
prizes, mounted skin and skeleton. — Presented hy W, F. Jefferies^
Esq,

Head of long-horn cow. — Presented hy E. Tivgey, Esq.

Borzoi, " Wihia."— Prww/erf hy Mr. F. H, CoUings,

Domesticated Animals, Hybrids y and Abnormalities. 73

Coloured Dorking fowls. — Presented by Messrs. John Baxly.

Shetland pony. — Purchased.

Hairless dog. — Presented by Mrs. Whitbread.

Female bloodhound, " Champion Chatley Brilliant," winner
of many first and champion prizes. — Presented by Mrs. OUphant.

Blue Persian cat. — Presented by Mrs. Herring.

Bornean goat. — Dr. C. Hose.

Joura goat. — Zoological Society.

Three boars' he&da.— Presented by Messrs. O. T, Harris d: Co.,
Limited.

Female Afghan greyhound. — Presented by Mrs. Whitbread.

Greyhound, "Champion Fairy" (head and skeleton). —
Presented by J. J. Holgate, Esq.

Deerhound, "Marquis of Lome.'*— Presented by B. H.
WetUey, Esq.

Wallachian sheep. — Purchased.

Ix)aQ of old models of British cattle, from which replicas have
been made.— TOe Duke of Bedford, K.O.

1904.

Two heads and one skull of Spanish draught oxen. — Presented
hn KM. the King. From animals presented by H.M. the Empress
Ew/enie to H.M. Queen Victoria.

African hairy ram. Barbados. — Presented by Dr. B. A. StoiUe.

French bull-dog, or " boule-dogue." — Purchased.

Head and skull of Ankole oxen. — Presented by Lt.-Col. C.
Delme-Badcliffe.

Egyptian pariah dog. — Presented by the Hon. W. Bothschild.

Hybrid wolf and dingo. — Presented by the Hon. W. Both-
schild'.

Skull of Arab mare. — Presented by W. S. Blunt, Esq.

Coloured Dorking fowls. — Presented by the Hon. Florence
Amherst.

With the exceptions of a few specimens of abnormalities in
dentition, two of roe-buck antlers, and one of the foot of a roe,
the collection of monstrosities — at present small — is of quite
recent origin. It includes a remarkable specimen of supernu-
merary digits in the feet of a Shire cart-horse foal, presented by
the late Lord Wantage.

74 Zoology.

Various Dates.

A series of hybrid pheasants. — Tariom donors.
A series of hybrid ducks. — Various donors.
A series of specimens illustrating the changes of the dentition
in the horse according to age. — Presented by T. B. GooddUy Esq,

Alphabetical List of Contbibutobs to the
Domesticated Sebies.*

H.M. King Edward VII. [1904]

H.M. Victor Emanuel II. {King of Italy), [About 1865]

Adcock (P., Esq,), [1884]
A breeder of " Great Danes."

Amherst {Hon, Flobencb). [1904]

8, Grosvenor Square, W. Daughter of Lord Amherst of Hackney,
and a breeder of poultry.

Armstrong (P. L., Esq,), [1902]

The Grove, Jesmond, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Owner of deerhounds.

Bacon (G. E., Esq.). [1901]

Sea6eld, Bunton, Isle of Man. Has presented several Manx animals.

Baily {Messrs, J.). [1904]

116, Mount Street, Grosvenor Square^ W. The well-known dealers
in poultry, game, etc.

Bedford (Hebbbakd Abthub, 11 M Duke of, K,0,), [1903] .
Woburn Abbey, Woburn. Owner of a large collection of foreign
mammals at Woburn.

Betts (W. H., Esq,). [1891-1895]
A noted canary-fancier.

Blunt (W. S., E«g.). [1904]

Newbuildings Place, near Horsham, Sussex. Owner of a stud of
Arab horses.

Bombay Veterinary Department^ Superintendent of. [1903]
Ahmednagar, Bombay. Donor of a Kathiawar pony.

Brazier {Inspector A.). [1900-1901]

Metropolitan Police. A successful breeder of rabbits and pigeons.

* The dates, as in the Mammal Section, are those when the Bpecimens
were acquired.

Domesticated Animals, Hybrids, and Abnormalities. 75

Brongh (£., Esq.). [1901]

Wyndgate, near Scarborough. A well-kDown breezier of bloodhoinds
and owner of a herd of Jersey cattle.

CampbeU (A. J. H., JS^.). [1901]

DuDstaffuage, Argyllshire, N.B. Owner of Highland sheep.

CaseUa (Mis$). [1902]

1, Wetherby Road, Kensington. Has presented Eskimo and Chinese
dogs.

Clapperton {Capt. H., B.N.) and Denham (Lt.-Col D.).
[Aboat 1825]
A few specimens from their expedition to Lake Tchad, 1822-24.

Claraz (Senob G.). [1887]
A resident in Argentina.

CollingB (Mr. F. H.). [1903]

2, Duke Street, St James's, S. W. Donor of a Borzoi dog.

Crisp (G. E., JBag.). [1902]

The Hall, Play ford, near Ipswich. Breeder of Irish wolf-hounds.

Currie (Sir Donald). [1896]

Head of the firm of Donald Currie & Co., shipowners.

Delme-Radcliffe {Lt-Ool C). [1904]

Royal Engineers. Made collections on the Uganda frontier.

Denham (Lt.-Col D.). [About 1825]

See CULPPEBTOH.

Derby (Edwabd, 13/* Earl of). [1848]

Owner of the well-known collection of foreign animals kept at
Knowsley Park from 1841 onwards.

DeYonshire (Spincbb Compton, 8th Duke of, K.Q.). [1902]
Devonshire House, Piccadilly. Owns a flock of Africat piebald sheep
at Chatsworth.

Plinders-Petrie (Professor W. M.). [1900]

Professor of E^ptology, University College, London. Well-known
for his collections of ancient Egyptian remains.

Flower (Captain Staklbt S.). [1902]

i>upt.. Government Zoological Gardens, Giza, Egypt. Son of the
late Sir W. H. Flower, K.C.B., Director of the Natural History
Departments of the British Museum.

Torter (Ltd., Messrs. J.). [1902]

Queensburj, Bradford, Yorks. Foreign merchants.

Oerrard (Mr. E.). [1859]

61, CoU^e Place, Camden Town. Formerly on the Museum staff as
osteologist.

76 Zoology.

Goodall (T. B., Esq.),

Purewell Cross, Chrifitcbuich, Hants. Veterinary Surgeon.

Graham {Capt A.). [1882]

Rednock, Dursley, Gloucester. Noted for his success in reviving the
old brred o( Irish wolf-hounds.

Grenfell (C, Esq.), [1897]
«9, Eaton Place, S.W.

Giinther {Dr. A.). [1859]

Late Keeper of the Zoological Department.

Hamilton (Alfred Douglas, \Uh Duke of), [1890]
Hamilton Palace, N.B. Owner of a herd of white park cattle.

Hamlyn (F., Esq.). [1901]

Clovelly Court, Barnstaple, Devon.

Harris (Messrs. C. T., k Co., Limited). [1903]
Calnp, Wilts. The great dealers in bacon.

Heath (W. R, Esq.). [1900]
90, Cromwell Road, S.W.

Herring (Mrs.). [1903]

Lestock House, Lee, Kent. Noted for her collection of cats.

Hodgson (B. H., Esq.), [1845]

Formerly British Resident at Khatmandu, Nepal, where be made a
large collection of skins and skulls of animals.

Holgate (J. J., Esq.). [1903]

Hook, Surbiton. A greyhound fancier.

Horsfall (Jtf"r«.) [1901]

Gatacre Hall, near Bridgenorth, Salop. Owner of " Great Danes."

Hose (Dr. C). [1903]

Administrator of British North Borneo, and a well-known naturalist.

Ingram (Sir W. J., Bart), [1899]

Cromwell Road, S.W. Owner of greyhound, " Fullerton," and other
well-known dogs.

Jefferies (W. R). [1903]

Rosemeatb, 29, Grove Park, Denmark Hill, S.E. A breeder of bull-
dogs, and late owner of " Lucy Stone."

Johnston (E. R, Esq,), [1902]

H.B.M. Consul, Seville, Spain.
Kingdon (H. D., Esq.). [1888]

A breeder of mastiffs.

Leatham (Mrs.), [1903]

Misarden Park, Cirencester. A breeder of Dexfcr-Kcrry cattle.

Domesticated Animals^ HybridSy and Abnormalities. 77

Leigh (J. H., ^.)- C^^^^]

Matchams Park, Ringwood, Hants. OMmcr of a herd of HighlaDd
cattle.

Iddth de Jeude (Dr. T. G. Van). [1867]

A collector in Utrecht, from whom many spec! mens were purchaHed.

Lowndes (E. C, Esq,). [1902]

Gistle Coombe, Chippenham, Wilts. Owner of a flock of S. African
piebald sheep.

Maple {Sir J. B., Bart.), [1901]

Child wickbury, St. Albany. Owner and breeder of racehorses.

Middleton (Digby Wentwobth Bayard Willoughby, 9M
Baron). [1901]
Birdaall, Yorks. A breeder of shorthorn cattle.

Moreno {Dr. W. P.). [1901]

Director of the La Plata Museum, Argentina.

Naylor (J. C, JB^.). [1876]

A well-known breeder of race-borses, and owner of " Stockwell."

Oldham {Dr. T., the laU). [1856]

Late Superintendent, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta.

OUphant {Mrs.). [1903]

87, Upper Tuliw Hill. A well-known blood-hound breeder.

Rothschild {Em. Walteb, JIf.P.). [1904]

Tring Park, Tring. Owner of a private museum at Tring.

Sdater (W. L., Esq.). [1900]

Director, S. African Museuin, Cape Town. Son of Dr. P. L. Sclatcr,
late Secretary of the Zoological Society.

Snary (H. B., .E«g.). [1902]

II, Camden Hill Road, Upi)er Norwood, S.E. Interested in dogs.

South African Cold Storage Co. [1901]
Cape Town. Donor of a trek-ox head.

Stoute {Dr. R. A,). [1904]

Medical Officer, Barbados, W. Indies. Donor of a hairy sheep.

Sutherland (C. L., Esq.). [1887 and 1888]

Joint author, with Mr. Tegetmeier, of a book on mules and mule-
breeding.

Swinhoe (R., Esq.). [1867]

Late H. B. M. Consul in China. A diligent collector of animals and
naturalist.

Tankerville (Gbobgb Montagu, 1th Earl of). [1890]

Chillingham Park, Northumberland. Owner of the celebrated herd
of white park cattle.

78 Zoology.

Taunton (W. K., Esq.). [1902]

82, Hatton Garden, E.G., and Acacia Hoiue, Mortlake. Well-known
dog-owner.

Tingey (E., lfe<z.). [1903]

Diirsiugham, King^s Lynn. A breeder of long-hom cattle.

Tokio Museum. [1887]
Tokio, Japan.

Wantage (Robert James Loyd-Lindsay, Ist Barm). [1901]
The Manor, Lockingc, Wantage. A breeder of shire cart-horses.

Wenlock (Beilby, 3rd Baron, O.C.S.L). [1901]

Escrick Park, Yorks. Owns a well-known herd of Shropshire sheep.

Westiey (R. H., Esq,). [1903]

7, Micbeldever Road, Lee, Kent. Owner of deer-hounds.

Westminster (Hugh Richard Arthur, 2nd Duke of). [1903]
Eaton Hall, Cheshire. 0>\'ner of a stud of racehorses.

Whitbread {Mrs.). [1901]

Northumberland Park, Tottenham. Owner and breeder of several
descriptions of foreign dogs.

WhittaU (J. E., Esq.). [1901]

c'/o Messrs. WhittaU & Co., Merchants, Constantinople. Donor of an
Angora goat.

Williams (T. B. C, Esq.). [1891-1895]

YarreU (W., Esq.). [1856]

The well-known ornithologist. Sec Bird Collection.

Zoological Society of London.

3. BIRDS.
By R. BOWDLER SHARPE.

I. General Sketch.

Sib Hans Sloane's Museum undoubtedly formed the ground-
work on which the great Zoological Collection of the British
Miueam was founded. In 1753 the number of ornithological
qiedmens was stated to be 1,172 ; these, however, were not all
iDoanted birds, but contained many fragmentary specimens, such
as Hombill's heads, and odd bones. His collection of zoological
objects could never have been of the same importance as his
Herbarium (</. Hist. Coll., vol. i.. Botany, p. 81), or even of his
collection of minerals (c/. Hist. Coll., Minerals, pp. 355, 356),
and, as far as I know, not a single specimen of a bird from the
Sloane Collection now exists in the Museum. All have perished.
Many specimens procured during Captain Cook's voyages
were either in the Banksian Collection or in the British Museum,
or were supposed to be there. These specimens have also
perished, the reason probably being that they were inadequately
pr^red, were always mounted, and, from a lack of appreciation
of their priceless value, were allowed to decay, through a want
of proper curatorial knowledge. In Latham's " General Synopsis
of Birds" (1781-1785) are mentioned a great number of species
described from specimens in the British Museum, not one of
which now survives.

There is apparently but one relic of the birds obtained by
Captain Cook, viz. a Tree Starling, Aplonis uUetensiSy which has
persisted in a kind of mummified state to the present day, after
having been mounted and exposed to the dust and light of the
old British Museum for nearly a century.

The Montagu Collection of British birds was purchased by the
nation in 1816. Colonel Montagu, who had corresponded with
Gilbert White, was a first-rate ornithologist in his day. Not one
of his specimens was properly prepared — apparently no preserva-
tive worthy of the name having been used — and I have felt the
greatest anxiety as to the preserving of the relics of this ancient
British collection. The bones of the neck and other bones of the
body were left in the specimens, which were set up by no means

80 Zoology.

badly. During the thirty years that they have been under my
care, many have been attacked by small mites (in spite of the
camphor-laden atmosphere of the cases) and have fallen to pieces.
Notwithstanding all the efforts of the Museum taxidermists, it
has seldom been possible to dismount any specimens from the
Montagu Collection, and they have mostly been transferred
bodily to the cabinets of skins. Owing to the specimens having
no preservative, many of them, especially the fat and heavy ones,
fell to pieces from their own weight in course of time. This was
regrettably the case with the British-killed Great Bustard {Otii
tarda) which collapsed a few years ago.

The method of preserving specimens in Montagu's time can
best be imagined by reading the "short directions" given by Johann
B«inhold Forster, " for collecting, preserving, and transporting
all kinds of Natural History Curiosities." These directions are
appended to Forster's " Catalogue of the Animals of North
America, containing an Enumeration of the known Quadrupeds,
Birds, Reptiles, Fish, Insects, Crustaceous and Testaceous
Animals ; many of which are new and never described before."
This scarce little pamphlet was published in 1771 by Benjamin
White, Gilbert White's eldest brother, at " Horace's Head, in
Fleet Street." A reproduction of this pamphlet, from a copy in
Professor Newton's possession, was published by the Willughby
Society in 1882.

It may be interesting to give Forster's " short directions " for
preserving a bird, as it explains the method in vogue in his time,
and it is not to be wondered at that specimens, so treated, decayed
in the course of a century : — " Birds must be opened at the vent,
their entrails, lungs, and craws taken out, washed with the
preparing liquor, strewed with the preparing powder, stuffed
with the prepared oakhum or tow ; their plumage kept clean
during the operation, sewed up with thread steeped in the
preparing liquor ; the eyes t<iken out, with the tongue, and both
places washed with the same liquor ; the mouth must be filled
with prepared tow in great birds, the eyes filled up with putty,
and, when dry, painted with oil-colour after the natural colour of
live birds, of the same species, and then dried in an oven ; how-
ever, as there is all the meat on the bird left, care must be taken
not to take too plump or too fat birds, and dry them slowly under
the same precaution as mentioned No. 1 [Quadrupeds]. Tlie
operation must })e repeated till the bird be perfectly dry. The
attitude may be given to the bird before he be put in the oven,

Birds. 81

bj wires that are ^arp on one end and thrusted through the bird's
kgB, body, breast, and neck, and others going through the wings
and bodj. Small birds are likewise well preserved in brandy,
rack, or rum ; and when arrived at their place of destination
th^ must be washed and sweetened in fresh water for several
times, and lastly dipped in the preparing liquor, the plumage
kid in order, the attitude given to the bird by wires, and then
dried. Care must be taken to kill the birds with shot
pit^rtioned to their size, and at a reasonable distance, that the
q)ecimen may not be mangled and torn. Young birds which
hsTe not yet moulted must not be taken ; but old birds in full
feather, and, if possible, a specimen of each sex j for the sexes
often vary very much in size, feather, and colour. The nests of
birds and their eggs would likewise contribute towards perfecting
the history of this branch in zoology."

The " liquor " was thus composed : " An ounce of Sal Am-
moniac, dissolved in a quart of water, in which afterwards
two ounces of corrosive sublimate Mercury must be put, or four
OQQces of Arsenic may be boiled in two quarts or two quarts and
a half of water, till all or the greater part of it be dissolved, and
the liquor may serve for the same purpose to wash the inside of
the skin : then the whole cavity must be stuffed with oakhum or
tow, likewise imbibed with the same liquor, afterwards dried and
mixed with a powder of four parts of Tobacco-sand, four parts of
pounded black Pepper, one part of burnt Alum, and one part of
corrosive Sublimate or Arsenic." No wonder that specimens thus
treated fell to pieces in course of time, and it is doubtful whether
the birds of Colonel Montagu's Collection had even this amount
of preservative bestowed upon them.

Professor Newton can remember old Montague House, as it
stood before the present British Museum took its place. Two of
our attendants, Mr. Edward Gerrard and Mr. John Saunders,
actually served in the time of the old building ; and in the old
brew-house of the estate, which stood on the west of the present
Museum boundary, in Great Russell Street, the coppers were
used by them for boiling the skeletons of seals and other large
manmials from the Parry, Ross, and Franklin Expeditions.
Mr. Saunders tells me that the painted ceilings and wall decora-
tions mentioned below were bought, on the demolition of the
original house, by the lodge-keeper, a shrewd old man named
Sivier, who had been butler to the celebrated Lord Lyndhurst.
He re-sold them, and made a good bit of money by the trans-

VOL. II. Q

82 Zoology.

action. Montague House, where the collections were first installed,
was a large mansion, standing in its own grounds, with a high
brick wall surrounding it. The oil-paintings which hung in the
old Bird-Gallery at Bloomsburj had been on the walls in Montague
House, within Mr. Garrard's recollection. The specimens were
all mounted in cases round the sides of the rooms, as well as in
pier-cases and table-cases down the centre of the latter.

In 1845 the present British Museum at Bloomsbury was
completed, and a large series of birds, forming undoubtedly the
best public gallery of the age, was placed on view. These
specimens suffered to some extent from light, but more from
soot and dust, which penetrated the wall-cases from behind, the
wood-work being split from too close proximity to the coils of
the heating apparatus.

The Zoological Department was only slowly expanded from
the days of Sir Joseph Banks. Solander, who accompanied
Banks during Cook's first voyage (1768-71) had been made
successively an Assistant, Assistant-Keeper, and Keeper, of the
Natural History Departments. Shaw, Konig, Leach, and
Children had succeeded him as Assistant-Keepers and Keepers,
and most of them were efficient and zealous men. In 1824 John
Edward Gray became an Assistant, and in 1840 he was made
Keeper of the Zoological Department, a post which he held for
34 years. Th(& Assistant in charge of the birds was George
Robert Gray, his brother, who entered the Museum in 1831, and
was Assistant-Keeper from 1869 to 1872, when he died in harness.

During the 34 years that Dr. J. E. Gray reigned over the
Zoological Department, immense progress in the development of
the collections took place, not merely as the results of surveying
voyages, such as those of the Battlesnake, Erebus and Terror^
and many others ; but the increase was mostly due to the extra-
ordinary energy of Dr. Gray, who set himself the task of making
his department the foremost in the world. He has never received
full credit for his exertions, for he had to fight against much
prejudice within the Museum walls, and when the grants for
purchases had been expended, he would freely spend his own
money in buying specimens which he deemed to be of importance
to the collection. It must be remembered that in the early days of
the nineteenth century, England occupied but a poor position from
a zoological standpoint, and France was at the zenith of her fame
as regards exploration and the encouragement of science. Paris,
Berlin, Leyden, were all increasing their zoological collections,

Birds. 83

and England was put to the test to keep pace with the progress
of the Continental museums. That this country held its own so
well is ondoubtedlj due to the enthusiasm of John Edward Gray.
His brother, Greorge Robert Gray, was a man of a totally
different stamp, of much quieter temperament, and not moved to
strenuous exertion ; he had, moreover, no acquaintance with the
habits of birds, and Professor Newton (Diet. Birds, Intr., p. 30)
describes him correctly as a " thoroughly conscientious clerk."
This he certainly was, as he worked assiduously in a clerk-like
manner, with a clear comprehension of the compilation of
synonymy, but he had no knowledge of birds in life. A story
is told of him that, as he was being continually twitted about
his ignorance of birds in the field, he one day hired a gun, and
went into Hertfordshire to shoot birds. He was promptly
arrested by a keeper for trespassing.

Whether the story be true or merely hen trocatOy it is certain
that George Gray had a working knowledge of birds from their
skins, and during his long connection with the Zoological
Department, he became acquainted with all the best Ornithologists
d his time, so that, as the result of his own and their studies,
the British Museum possessed a well-named, if a small, collection
<rf birds. His greatest work was the " Genera of Birds,"
published in three folio volumes, long ago out of print and now
much enhanced in price. The work was arranged on the old
Cuvierian classification, with its rostral system, Tenuirostresy
FimrostreSy etc., but the characters of families and genera were
detailed, with a list of the species known up to the time of publica-
tion. Illustrations were given of the generic characters of birds,
most of these being drawn by D. W. Mitchell, who was subse-
quently Secretary of the Zoological Society. Mitchell also executed
most of the coloured plates for Gray's work, but a few were done by
Josef Wolf, who had not long before come to England, but who
was already taking his place as the greatest natural-histpry artist
the world has ever seen.

As a Museum curator it is possible that Gray did the collec-
tions some harm, but for this the system of management then
in vogue was chiefly responsible, even if he cannot be entirely
acquitted of a want of judgment. It was the custom, not only in
the British Museum, but in every other museum in Europe, to
mount every specimen of value in the public galleries : the more
valuable the specimen, the more was it exposed in the gallery,
there to perish. The idea of the ofl&cers in charge of the

a 2

84 Zoology.

Mammals and Birds was that the public demanded to see all the
rare and unique specimens, and it is equally certain that some
donors made a great fuss if their specimens were not all exhibited.
The consequences were absurd. When I began to unmount the
historical specimens in the Bird-gallery, I found in one case
eleven specimens of an Eagle, all young birds in the same
plumage, and from the same country, mounted in a row, and
where one of the birds had lost a leg, the want was supplied
by a wire substitute. Not one of the eleven specimens gave
a proper idea of the bird in life. In those days there were
no explanatory labels, and the public wandered about the
galleries, fatigued with the sameness of the exhibitions provided,
from which they could learn nothing, nor was any attempt made
to teach them. My own experience, as a boy, was that, in the
bird-section at least, a student was an unwelcome visitor, and his
appearance on the scene resented. This was certainly my own
case, for I had always but a short time to spare, as it was seldom
that I could get leave of absence from the Zoological Society, even
for an hour. I therefore always took the precaution to write to
Mr. G. R. Gray two or three days beforehand, to ask him to
have the specimens ready for me to compare when I arrived, so
that the time of both of us might be saved. These precautions
were often useless ; the visitor was informed on arrival that there
was a Trustees* meeting to be prepared for, or some other function
intervening, to prevent the Curator from attending to the visitor,
who was then told to see what he could through the glass in
the gallery, the Curator arriving with the keys of the cases about
half an hour later. When one wanted to examine any unmounted
specimens, these were to be found in wooden boxes, a hundred or
more skins huddled together, so that it was often necessary to
turn out the whole contents of the box on the table to search for
a particular specimen. In this way the plumage of the birds
was ruffled, the legs and wings torn off, and great injury to the
skins resulted.

It was undoubtedly this want of management on the part of
the Museum Curators that led to the formation of the great
private collections in the nineteenth century. It was on these
that all the sound ornithological work of this country was based,
and no one cared to visit the British Museum, unless he were
forced to do so for the purpose of examining some special type
or historical specimen.

After the publication of his very useful " Handlist of

Birds. 85

Birds," in which Gray focnssed all his knowledge acquired since
the " Genera of Birds " had been published, he conceived the
ide» of labelling the collection of birds'-skins according to the
nomenclature of the "Handlist." He commenced by having
some labels printed with a " Handlist No." attached, and he then
proceded to tranfer the localities, etc., of the specimens (or what
be imagined to be these particulars) from the original labels on to
the ** Handlist " labels, snipping off the collectors' tickets, which
were at the same time destroyed. Only one box of birds had been
tho8 treated by Gray, viz., the genus PraHncola^ when his death
took place, and the collection was saved ! These remarks are not
made in> any spirit of unkindness, for Gray was no worse than
uy other curator of his time. At the same period Schlegel was
monntmg every specimen as it came into the great collection at
Lejden, and the same system is pursued to this day in some
Moaeoms, so that every specimen, however rare or of historical
value, is doomed to destruction : it is only a question of time.
A mounted specimen may last six months or fifty years — accord-
ing to the precautions which are taken by the officers in charge of
the museum to exclude the light — but the result is inevitable, and
the specimen sooner or later becomes bleached and deteriorated.

When I entered the service of the Museum in 1872,
Dr. John Edward Gray was still Keeper of the Zoological
D^Murtment, and Dr. Gunther was Assistant-Keeper. A new
era in the administration was about to commence. The
''Catalogue of Birds" was undertaken in a similar form to
Dr. Gonther's celebrated '* Catalogue of Fish," and it is certain
that the completion of the Bird Catalogue is due to his excellent
management and administration. The work took 24 years to
complete, and ran to 27 volumes, which were written by eleven
different authors, as has been amusingly recorded by Dr. Sclater
in the introduction to the '* Avium Generum Index Alphabeticus,"
forming voL ix. of the " Bulletin of the British Ornithologists'
Club.*

'* De Catalogi Avium Magni Scripiorxbua undecim"

" Sharpius incepit scripntgue volumina multa ;
SeebohmuB sequilury promptus ad auxilium.
TeuUmicus, zelo plenus, venit inde Qadovus,
Salvinusque banam prsebet amicus opem.
Jam Sclaierua adestf tria longa volumina complens
Americanarum noiut amana avium.

86 Zoology.

Expers Hargitius nunc Picos ordinal amnes,
Hariertusque sagax Cypselidas numerai,
MuHum etiam pensse Shelleyi profuii ardor,
Multum Saundern mens operosa dedit.
ClaruB ah Italia jam Sahadorius adstat,
Et tandem Ghrantus fine coronat opus"

When I first came to London, in 1863, I was fall of en-
thusiasm for ornithology, and by the time that I was appointed
the first Librarian of the Zoological Society in 1867, I was
already writing my " Monograph of the Alcedinid«" and had
occasionally to visit the British Museum to examine types and
specimens of rare Kingfishers. No one of the present generation,
who visits the Zoological Department at the present time, can
have any conception of the difficulties under which we worked in
the days of the old British Museum. At the end of the
Egyptian Gallery there was a series of rooms, to which one
descended by some downward steps in a dark comer. The rooms
in which the members of the Zoological Department worked, had
been originally intended for cellars or store-rooms — windows had
to be knocked in the walls — and in the gloom of this under-
ground dungeon many of the Catalogues of the collections were
compiled. In this ^' Insect room," as it was called, the assistants
were crowded together, and there was no space for spreading out
any series of birds for study.

It was under such circumstances that the "Catalogue of
Birds" was begun. Dr. Sclater, in reviewing one of my
early volumes of this work, commenced his article as foUowa
(Nature, vol. 16, 1877, pp. 541-542); "If the visitor to the
British Museum will pause at the foot of the staircase leading
up to the Paleontological gallery and look carefully into the
obscurity in the right hand corner he will perceive a door with a
brass plate on one side of it. On entering this door and
descending (with care) a flight of darkened steps, he will find
himself in the cellar, which has for many years constituted the
workshop of our national zoologists. Two small studies parti-
tioned off to the left are assigned to the keeper of the department
and his first assistant. The remsLining naturalists are herded
together in one apartment commonly called the * Insect-room,'
along with artists, messengers, and servants. Into this room is
shewn everybody who has business in the Zoological Department
of the British Museum, whether he comes as student to examine

Birds. 87

the collections, or as a tradesman to settle an account. Amid
the perpetual interruptions thus caused, our national zoologist
has to pursue his work.

"" Some of the specimens are here, some in the galleries over-
head, and some are stored away in cellars at a still lower depth
than that in which he sits at work. The library attached to
the department contains merely some of the most obvious books
of reference ; all others have to be obtained on loan from the great
national depository of books in the centre of the building. No
lights are allowed, and when the fogs of winter set in, the
obscurity is such that it is difficult to see any object requiring
minute examination.

" Under these circumstances, which we trust to see materially
altered when the zoological collections are moved to their new
home in South Kensington, it is more than creditable to our
looIogiBts that they should have turned out the large amount of
scientific work that has issued from their department of the
British Museum during the past thirty years."

The collections of Bird-skins were packed in boxes, which

were arranged in book-cases, some round the wall of the

Assistant-Keeper's study, others in the dark passage by which

the Insect-room was approached. As the collection of big birds

increased, larger wooden boxes were provided, which were placed

in racks in the same outside passage, and in the recesses behind

the Bird-gallery upstairs, each box requiring two men to carry

it; but these larger boxes were constructed after Gray's death,

▼ith a view to the transference of the collection from Bloomsbury

to South Kensington. Some idea of the increase in the collection

of Bird-skins between the years 1872 and 1883 may be gained

from the fact that, in the former year, the specimens of Birds

of Pk^y, or Accipitres, occupied only a few wooden boxes, and

vere all contained within a single book-case in the Insect-room

passage. Eleven years later, when they were removed to

South Kensington, these birds occupied 108 boxes, measuring

3 X 1 J X 1 ft., each requiring two men to lift it. They now

fin thirty great cabinets, extending down one entire side of the

Bird-room in the Natural History Museum.

I have no exact record of the number of specimens of birds
and their eggs which existed in 1872, when I took over the charge
of the collections, but I should reckon the mounted birds at
about 10,000, the skins and eggs at the most 20,000 more, so
that an estimate of the total number of specimens at 35,000 is

88 Zoology.

probably excessive. The number at the present day cannot be
less than 400,000, including 100,000 eggs.

By the time of Dr. Gunther's accession to the Keepership of
the Department, a great improvement in the tone of the latter
had taken place. The accounts were more regularly kept, and the
expenditure of the following financial year was not mortgaged in
advance, as had been so often the case in previous years. The new
Keeper showed great vigour in ameliorating the condition of the
public galleries, replacing the bleached and faded specimens by
well mounted examples. A particular feature of his adminis-
tration was the introduction of a series of British birds and their
nests, mounted so as to represent the actual surroundings of
the latter. This was a scheme which I hctd always had much
at heart, and the first, of these natural groups was that of the
Coots, which I procured at Avington Park in Hampshire — parent
birds, nest, and eggs — the whole group being presented to the
Museum by my old friend. Sir Edward Shelley. A few groups
were presented by Mr. Theodore Walker, of Leicester, but the
bulk of the birds and nests were obtained for the Museum by Lord
Walsingham, to whom the public owes a deep debt of gratitude.
One feature of these exhibitions of ^^ British birds in their haunts ''
is not generally known. In each case the scene is as nearly a
reproduction of the actual facts as could be attained. The birds
that actually built the nest and laid the eggs are there, and the
bush or tree, the herbage and the flowers, are also reproduced,
as they were on the day when the nest was taken. Although
America has claimed the services of one of the ladies who did
the reproduction of the leaves and flowers, we can still command
the services of other clever ladies who are adepts at modelling
foliage, so that the counterfeit leaves and flowers can scarcely
be distinguished from the actual living plants. Dr. Giinther
determined from the first to reproduce nothing but the actual
facts, so as to give, as far as possible, a true life-picture of
the birds as they were in life. Thus specimens in their worn
nesting plumage have not been replaced by handsomer birds
which did not belong to the actual nest. This much, therefore, can
be claimed for the Museum series of British birds and their nests,
that the cases represent faithfully the actual conditions as they
existed on the day when the nests were discovered.

Birds. 89

In the earlier days of the British Museum there does not
seem to have been any attempt to issue an authentic Guide-book
as to its contents. An anonymous author published a little
work m 1761, entitled " The Greneral Contents of the British
Moaeum : with Remarks. Serving as a Dii*ectory in viewing that
Noble Cabinet." Two editions of this book (1761, 1762) were
printed for R. and J. Dodsley, in Pall Mall. The remarks on
the bird collections are of no importance.

We are, therefore, only able to gain some idea of the extent
of th^e early collections from the ^^ General Synopsis of Birds,"
OMnpiled by the celebrated ornithologist, Dr. John Latham, of
Dartford. In this great work, consisting of three volumes (each
in two parts, making six volumes in all), with two Supplements,
he describes all the birds known to him, and bestows an English
name on each, many of these names being still accepted in
popuhur parlance at the present day. The great value of
Latham's book, as a history, consists in the fact that he indicated
the species existing in the British Museum at the end of the
18th century, so that we are able to compile a tolerably
complete record of the contents of the Bird-room in the first
days of the British Museum.

Latham separates Birds into two Divisions, viz. Land Bibdb
(Vols. i.-ii., 1781-1783), and Water Birds (Vol. iil, 1785);
each volume being in two parts.

His object was to give a complete list of known birds,
with descriptions and synonymy. He included all the species
mentioned by Buffon in his " Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux,"
and followed Ray in his primary division of the class into
" Land " and " Water " Birds. He also determined to adhere to
Linnean Crenera, except in a few cases, and proclaimed his
scheme in his " Preface ** (p. iv) as follows : —

*'In these sheets will be found near four times the number of
birds mentioned in the " Systema Naturse " ; the additions to which
will be drawn from the authors which have appeared since that
publication, added to a great number of species not mentioned
before by anyone. This we shall be enabled to do from the
numerous collections in Natural History which have been formed
of late years in England, and in which, in course, a multitude of
new subjects have been introduced from various parts of the
world, but more especially within these few years from the
indefatigable researches of those who have made so great dis-
coveries in the Southern Ocean."

90 Zoology.

Speaking of the museums of his day, he adds this note : —
" Among these, the magnificent one at Leicester House, formed by
Sir Ashton LeveVy ought to be particularly mentioned, as likewise
the favours received from the inspection of numerous subjects,
the produce of the last and the former voyages to the South Seas,
in the possession of Jos, Banks, Esq,, P.R.S., Soho Square."

" It will be necessary, however, to remark that, on account of
the uncertainty of the return of the last circumnavigating ships,
the Aecipitrine order, here first published, was printed off before
their arrival in England, by which means a few new species ci
the Falcon genus have been excluded from their place. This has
of necessity obliged us to introduce them by means of duplicate
pages, marked with an asterisk."

The preface is signed by Latham as from Dartford, on the 1st
of January, 1781. The book was published by Benjamin White,
the elder brother of Gilbert White. The latter, however, does
not seem to have ever met Latham personally, though Latham
was acquainted with Pennant, by correspondence at least.

It will be seen from the above preface that Latham was
specially indebted for some of his descriptions to the Leverian
Museum and the Banksian Collections. Some of the species are
stated to be in the "Tower Menagerie" and in the "Royal
Society's Museum," as well as in his own collection. Some field-
notes were given to him by Dr. Solander and Dr. Johann Rein-
hold Forster, on their return from Capt. Cook's voyages.

The following species are recorded by Latham as being in
the British Museum : —

DIVISION I. LAND BIRDS.

King Vulture. Vol. i., p. 7 { = Oyparchus papa [L.]).
Carrion Vulture, p. 9 { = Caihartes aura [L.]).
Sea-Eagle, p. 30 {=Haliaetus alhicilla [L.]).

" This species was also met with in Botany Island by Captain
Cook." The bird observed by the latter must have been an
immature Haliaettm leucogaster.

Spotted Eagle, p. 38 ( = Aquila maculata, Gm.).

Osprey, p. 45 ( = Pandion haliaetus [L.]).

New Zealand Falcon, p. 57 {^Harpa novse zealandiae

[Gm.]).
Goshawk, p. 58 ( = Astur palumharius [L. J).

Birds. 91

Kite, p. 64 ( = Milvus milvus [L.]).

Surinam Falcx)n, p. 84 { = FcUco sufflator, L.).

Kestril, p. 94 {^Cerchneia tinnunculua [L.]).

Sparrow Hawk, p. 99 (=Aceipiter niaus [L.]).

Hobby p. 103 { = Falco $ubhuUo, L.).

Orange-breasted Hobby, n. sp., p. 105 ( = Falco aurantiusy

Gm.).
Merlin, p. 107 ( = Falco msalon, Tunst.).

The species of Owls mentioned by Latham as being in the
British Musenm were the following : —

* Eared Owls, Vol. i., p. 116.

Great-Eared Owl, p. 116 {^Bubo Imbo [L.]).
Red-Eared Owl, p. 123 { = Pi9arhina ano [L.]).
Short-Eared Owl, p. 124 {=Asio accipitrinua [Pall.]).

••With smooth heads. Vol. i., p. 132.

Snowy Owl, p. 132 {^Nyctea nyrtea [L.]).

Cinereous Owl, n. sp., p. 134 {=Scotiaptex ctnerea [Gm.])

White Owl, p. 138 { = Strix flammea, L.).

Tawny Ow^ p. 139 (=Symium aluco [L.]).

Brown Owl, p. 140 ( = 8ymium aluco [L.]).

Little Owl, p. 150 { = Athene noctua [Scop.]).

In Order II., the Pies (Vol. i., part i., p. 153), are men-
tioned the following Shrikes as being in the British Museum : —

Great Cinereous Shrike, p. 160 ( = Lanius excubitoff L.).

Red-backed Shrike, p. 167 {^Lanius collurio, L.).

Tyrant Shrike, p. 184 ( = Tyrannus pipiri, Vieill.).

Pied Shrike, p. 190 {= Thamnophilus doliatus [L.]).

Spotted Shrike, p. 190 { = Thamnophilus nsevius [Gm.]).
fDusty Shrike, p. 191 { = Lanius obscurus, Gm.).
fBrown Shrike, p. 191 { = Lanius fuscuSj Gm.).

Genus v. Parrot. Vol. i., p. 199.
With uneven tails.

Blue-bellied Parrot, p. 213 { = Trichoglossus novse hoi-

landise [Gm.]).
Rose-ringed Parrakeet, p. 235 {^Falssomis torquata

[Bodd.]).

t Tbeie two appear to be species of Formicariida:, but tbey Lave not aa
jet been identified.

Birds. 93

Genus x. Awi. Vol. i., pt. i., p. 360.

Lesser Ani, p. 360 ( = Crotophaga ani [L.]). Of, Shelley^
Cat. B., xix., p. 429 (1891).

Genus xi. Wattle-bird. Vol. i., pt. i., p. 364.

Genus xii. Crow. Vol. i., pt. i., p. 366.

Raven, p. 367 ( = Corvu8 corax, L.).

Carrion Crow, p. 370 (=Corone corone [L.]).

Rook, p. 372 ( = Trypanoeorcix frugilegus [L.]).

Hooded Crow, p. 374 ( = Corone comix [L.]).

Jackdaw, p. 378 ( = Coloeus monedula [L.]).

Jay, p. 384 {=Garrulus glandarius [L.]).

Blue Jay, p. 386 ( = Oyanocittn cristata [L.]).

Magpie, p. 392 ( = Pica pica [L.]).

Nutcracker, p. 400 ( = Nuci/raga caryocatactes [L.]).

Red-l^ged Crow, p. 401 ( = Chraculus graeulua [L.]).

Grenus xiii. Roller. Vol. i., pt. i., p. 405.

Garmlus Roller, p. 406 ( = Coradas garrulus, L.).
*Blae Roller, p. 412 (= Coradas csBrulea, Gm.).
^Ultramarine Roller, p. 413 ( = Coradas cyanea, Gm.).

Genus xiv. Oriole. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 417 (1782).

Red-winged Oriole, p. 428 ( = Agelseus phceniceus [L.]).
Baltimore Oriole, p. 432 ( = Icterus haltimore [L.]).
White-winged Oriole, p. 440 ( = Tcichyphonus melaleucus

[Sparrm.], Oriolus leucopterus, Gm., pt.).
Black Oriole, p. 445 { = Quiscafus niger [Bodd.]).
Crolden Oriole, p. 449 ( = Oriolus gaUmla, L.).

Genus xv. Grakle. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 455.

Minor Grakle, p. 455 ( = Eulahes religiosus [L.]).
Boat-tailed Grakle, p. 460 ( = Quiscalus crassirostris [Sw.]).
Purple Grakle, p. 462 ( = Quiscalus versicolor^ Vieill.).

Genus xvi. Paradise Bird. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 469.

Greater Paradise Bird, p. 471 {=Paradi8ea apoda [L.]).
King Paradise Bird, p. 475 ( = Cicinnurus regius [L.]).

* TheM two species are apparently not true Rollers. I have not been
bJe to determine the species with certainty, as the specimens have perished.

94 Zoology.

Genus xvii. Curucui. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 484.

Genus, xviii. Barbet. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 493.

Black-spotted Barbet, p. 496 { = Capiio niger [P. L. S.

Miill.]).
Black-throated Barbet, p. 501 ( = TricholsMna leucomelan

[Bodd.]).
Buff-faced Barbet, p. 504 ( = XanthoUoma heematocephala

[Mull.]).

Genus xix. Cuckow. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 508.

Common Cuckow, p. 509 (=OucttZtM canorus, L.).
Caroline Cuckow, p. 537 ( = Coccyzus americanus [L.]).

Genus xx. Wryneck. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 547.
Wryneck, p. 548 {=Iynx torquiUa^ L.).

Genus xxi. Woodpecker. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 550.
With three toes.

Striped-bellied Woodpecker, p. 563 (f = CeophlaeuB ery-

throps).
Greater-spotted Woodpecker, p. 564 ( = Dendrocopus major

[L.]).
Lesser-spotted Woodpecker, p. 566 ( = Dendrocopus minor

[L.]).
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, p. 574 { = Sphyropicus varins

[L.]).
Green Woodpecker, p. 577 ( = Oecinus viridis [L.]).
Rufous Woodpecker, p. 594 {=Celeus rufus [Gm.]).
Gold-winged Woodpecker, p. 597 ( = Colaptes auratus [L.]).
Northern Three-toed Woodpecker, p. 60 (=Picoides ti-i-

daciylus [L.]).

Genus xxii. Jacamar. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 603.
Green Jacamar, p. 603 {=^Galbula viridis. Lath.).

Genus xxiii. Kjngsfisher. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 550.
Common Kingsfisher, p. 626 ( = Alcedo ispida, L.).

Genus xxiv. Nuthatch. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 647.
European Nuthatch, p. 648 ( = Sitta europseay L.).

Birds. 95

Genus xxv. Tody. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 656.

Green Tody, p. 637 ( = Todm riridis, L.).

Cinereus Tody, p. 658 ( = Todirostrum cinereum [L.]).

Dusky Tody, p. 661 { = CorUopu8 virens [L.]).

Genus xxvL Bee-eatbb. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 666.
G>minon Bee-eater, p. 667 ( = Meraps apiaster^ L.).

Genus xxvii. Hoopoe. Vol. i., pt. ii, p. 686.
Common Hoopoe, p. 687 (= Upupa epops, L.).

Genus xxviii. Creeper. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 698.

Common Creeper, p. 701 ( = Certhia familiarisy L.).
Sickle-billed Creeper, p. 705 ( = Cinnyris lotenia [L.]).
Black and Blue Creeper, p. 724 ( = Caereha cyanea [L.]).
Cinnamon Creeper, p. 740 (= StfnallaxiB cinnamomea
[Om.]).

Genus xxix. Humming-bird. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 744.
With curved hills.

Supercilious Humming-bird, p. 744 ( = Phaethamis guperci-

liosus [L.]).
Black-cappcKl Humming-bird, p. 748 {=Aithurw polyimm

[L.]).
Mango Humming-bird, var. A, p. 759 (= Lampomis

mango [L.]).
Harlequin Humming-bird, p. 760 {=Trochilu8 muliicoloi'

[Gm.]).

With straight hills,

Violet-eared Humming-bird, p. 767 {=JE[€liothr%x auritiis

[Gm.]).
Violet-eared Humming-bird, var. A.
Red-throated Humming-bird, p. 769 {=zTrochilus colubris,

L.).
Dusky-crowned Humming-bird, p. 776 (= Clytolsema

ruhinea [Gm.]).
Grey-bellied Humming-bird, p. 77ii{ = Chrysolampis moschi-

tus [L.]).
Crested Humming-bird, p. 783 ( = BeUona cristata [L.]).
Crested Brown Humming-bird, p. 784 ( = Trochiluspuniceusj

Gm.).*

* Not referred to in " Catalogue of Birds."

96 Zoology.

Obdeb III. Passebine. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 1 (1783).

Genus xxx. Stabs. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 1.

Common Stare, p. 2 ( = Siurnus tndgarisy L.).
Crescent Stare^ p. 6 ( = Stumella moffna [L.]).

Genus xxxi. Thbush. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 13.

Missel Thrush, p. 16 {^Turdus visciwrusy L.).
Throstle Thrush, p. 18 ( = Turdu8 mimcus, L.).
Jamaica Thrush, p. 20 (= Turdua jamaicewna, Gm.).
Little Thrush, p. 20 ( = Turdus fuaceBcem, Stephens).
Golden-crowned Thrush, p. 21 ( = Siurus auricapillus [L.]).
Redwing Thrush, p. 22 ( = Turdus iliaau, L.).
Red-breasted Thrush, p. 26 ( = Turdus migratorius, L.).
Ferruginous Thrush, p. 39 ( = Harporhynchus ru/us [L.]).
Mimic Thrush, p. 40 ( = Mimus polygloltus [L.]).
St. Domingo Thrush, p. 42 ( = Mimus dominicus [L.]).
Yellow-bellied Thrush, p. 42 ( = Bonacohius airicapiUus

[L.]).
Blackbird, p. 43 ( = Merula merula [L.]).
White-chinned Thrush, p. 45 ( = Merula auraniia [Gm.]).
Ring-Ouzel, p. 46 ( = Merula torquata [L.]).
Water-Ouzel, p. 48 ( = Cinclus aquaiicus, Bechst.).
Shining Thrush, var. A, p. 56 ( = Lamprocolius splendidus,

Vieill.).
Ceylon Thrush, p. 62 { = Laniar%us gutturalis [Miill.]).
Indian Thrush, p. 66 ( = Turdus indicus, Gm.).

Genus xxxii. Chattereb. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 91.

Carolina Chatterer, p. 93 ( = Ampelis cedrorura, Vieill.).
Red Chatterer, p. 97 ( = Phixnicocercus carnifex [L.]).

Genus xxxiii. Coly. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 100.

Genus xxxiv. Grosbeak. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 104.
With four toes.

Common Crossbill, p. 106 ( = Loxia curvirostra, L.).
Hawfinch, p. 109 ( = Coccothraustes coccothraustes [L.]).
Pine Grosbeak, p. Ill { = Finicola enucleator [L.]).
Cape Grosbeak, p. 113 {= Pyrornelana capensis [L.]).
White-throated Grosbeak, p. 115 {-Piiylus grossus [L.]).

Birds. 97

Paq)le Grosbeak, p. 117 ( = Loxigilla viokieea [L.]).
Cardinal Grosbeak, p. 118 { — Cardinalia cardinalia [L.]).
Grenadier Grosbeak, p. 120 ( = Pyromelana oryx [L.]).
Dominican Grosbeak, p. 123 ( = Paroaria larvata [Bodd.]).
Red-breasted Grosbeak, p. 126 ( = nedymele$ ludavicianui

[L.]).
Canada Grosbeak, p. 127 {=Pitylua viridis [Vieill.]).
Java Grosbeak, p. 129 { = Munia oryzivara [L.]).
Green Grosbeak, p. 134 { = Ligurinu8 chloria [L.]).
Malacca Grosbeak, p. 140 ( = Munia malaeea [L.]).
Cowry Grosbeak, p. 142 { = Munia punctulata [L.]).
Ballfinch, p. 143 ( = Pyrrhula europaea, Vieill.).
Black-breasted Grosbeak, p. 148 { = Sp€rmaphila aucuUata

[Bodd.]).
Wax-bill Grosbeak, p. 152 (=Estrilda asirilda [L.]).
Minute Grosbeak, p. 158 {^Spermophila minuta [L.]).

Genus xxxv. Bunting. VoL ii., pt. ii., p. 160.

Snow Bunting, p. 161 {=: Pleetrophewix nivalU [Jj].).
Black Bunting, p. 166 {=Junco hyemalia [L.]).
Yellow Bunting, p. 170 {^Emberiza citrinella, L.).
Common Bunting, p. 171 { = Emhertza miliaria, L.).
Red Bunting, p. 173 { = Einberiza 8chfKniclu8y L.).
Shaf (^tailed Bunting, p. 183 ( = Tetrxnura regia [L.]).
Orange-shouldered Bunting, p. 184 { = Chera procne

[Bodd.]).
Rice Bunting, p. 188 { = Dolichonyx oryzivorus [L.]).
Towhe Bunting, p. 199 {=Pipilo erythrophthalmus [L.]).
Cinereus Bunting, p. 204 ( = Emheriza cinereun [Gm.]).
Painted Bunting, p. 206 ( = Cyanopiza ciris [L.]).

Genus xxxvL Tanagbr. Vol. iL, pt. i., p. 213.

Red-breasted Tanager^ p. 214 { = Bhamphoccelus jacapa

[L.]).
Red Tanager, var. A, p. 217 { = Pyranga rubra [L.]).
Mississipi Tanager, p. 218 { = Pyranga seaiiva [Gm.]).
Variegated Tanager, p. 219 { = Pyranga sestiva [Gm.]).
Bishop Tanager, p. 226 ( = Tanagra episcopus [L.]).
Spotted Tanager, p. 228 ( = CaUi8te punctata [L.]).
Rufous-headed Tanager, p. 231 {^Calliate cayana [L.]).
Red-headed Tanager, p. 233 {==Calliste gyrola [L.]).

▼OL. II. H

98 Zoology.

Variable Tanager, p. 234 ( = Tanagra variahilia [Gm.]).

Paradise Tanager, p. 236 ( = Calliste tatao [L.]).

Golden Tanager^ var. A, p. 240 (-Euphmia cMoro-

tica [L.]).
Negro Tsuiager, p. 240 ( = Euphonia cayana [L.]).
Hufous-throated Tanager, p. 2il{= Olossiptila ruficoUU

[Gm.]).

Genus xxxvii. Finch. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 246.

House Sparrow^ p. 248 {=P<u8er domesticus, L.).

White Sparrow, p. 250

Black Sparrow^ p. 251.

JVee Sparrow, p. 252 ( = PcLsaer montanuSf L.).

Chaffinch, p. 257 ( = Fringilla ecelebs, L.).

Crimson-crowned Finch, p. 259 — I believe this to b€

Garyphospingua cristatua,
Brambling, p. 261 { = Fringilla montifringilla^ L.).
Beautiful Finch, p. 266 ( = Zonogastris melba [L.]).
Orange Finch, p. 276 ( = Spindalia zena [L.]).
Goldfinch, p. 281 ( = Carduelis carduelis [L.]).
American Gk>ldfinch, p. 288 ( = Chryaomitris triatia [L.]).
Siskin, p. 289 ( = Ohryaomitris apinua [L.]).
Canary Finch, p. 293 {=Serinua canariua [L.]).
Bahama Finch, p. 300 (=Ph(mipara hivolor [L.]).
Linnet, p. 302 ( = Acanthia cannahina [L.]).
Greater Redpoll, p. 304 ( = Acanthia cannahina [L.]).
Lesser Redpoll, p. 305 ( = Acanthia rufeacena [Vieill.]).
Amaduvade Finch, p. 311 {=Spor8eginthua amanduva [lu]]
Brasilian Finch, p. 318 (=Granatina granatina [L.]).

Genus xxxviii. Flycai-chkr. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 321.

The Pied Flycatcher, p. 324 { = Iduacicapa atricapilla, L.'
Paradise Flycatcher, p. 345 ( = Terpaiphone paradiai [L.])
Paradise Flycatcher, var. B, p. 347.
Cinereus Flycatcher, p. 350 ( = Contoptia virena [L.]).
Red-eyed Flycatcher, p. 351 ( = Vireo olivaceua [L.]).
Cat Flycatcher, p. 353 ( = Oaleoacoptea carolinenaia [L.]).
Cayenne Flycatcher, p. 355 ( = Myiozetetea cayennena

[L.]).
Crested Flycatcher, p. 357 ( = Myiarchua crinitua [L.]).
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, p. 359 { = Myiozetetea caym

nenaia [L.]).

Birds. 99

Genus xxxix. Labk. Vol. iL, pt. ii, p. 367 (1783).
Sky-Lark, p. 368 (=Alauda arvenaia, L.).
Var. B, Dusky Lark, p. 370 ( = Alauda arventUy L.).
Wood Lark, p. 371 ( = LuUula arborea [L.]).
Tit-Lark, p. 374 ( = AfUkus praUnsis [L.]).
Shore Lark, p. 385 ( = Otocaris alpestris [L.]).
Crested Lark, p. 389 {=zOalerita cristata [L.]).

Genus xL Wagtail. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 394.

White Wagtail, p. 395 {^Motacilla alba, L.).
Grey Wagtail, p. 398 {=zMotacilla mdanope, PalJ.).
Yellow Wagtail, p. 400 {=:Motaeilla campestrii, Pall.).

Genus xli. Wabbler. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 404.

Nightingale, p. 405 (=:Aedon Iweinia [L.]).
Blackcap, p. 415 {= Sylvia atricapilla [L.]).
Babbling Warbler, p. 417 (= Sylvia curruca [L.]).
Hedge Warbler, p. 419 (= Accentor modularis [L.]).
Black Warbler, p. 427 (-Setaphaga rutidlla [L.]).
Whitethroat, p. 428 {=Sylvia cinerea [L.]).
Yellow-breasted Warbler, p. 438 ( = Oeothlypi8 tricha$

[L.]).
Redbreast, p. 442 {^ErithacM rubeada [L.]).
Blue Warbler, p. 446 {=:8ialia sialis [L.]).
Whinchat, p. 454 {=Praiincola ruhetra [L.]).
Wheatear, p. 465 {=SaQcicola cenatUhe [L.]).
Green Indian Warbler, p. 474 {=Mgithina tiphia [L.]).
White-poll Warbler, p. 488 {=Mniotilta varia [L.]).
Cayenne Warbler, var. A, p. 503 (^Dacnia cayana [L.]).
Cayenne Warbler, var. B, p. 503 {=iDacni8 cayana [L.]).
Wren, p. 606 {=Anorthura troglodytes [L.]).
Wren, var. B, p. 507 ( = Thryothortu ludovicianu^ [Lath.]).
Gold-crested Warbler, p. 508 { = Begulus cristaUu [L.]).
Ruby-crowned Warbler, p. 511 ( = Begulus calendula [L.]).
Yellow Warbler, p. 512 (= Phylloscopua trochilua [L.]).
Yellow Warbler, var. A, p. 513 {- PhylloscoptM tristis,

Blyth).
Yellow-poll Warbler, p. 515 { = Dendraica seativa [Gm.]).

Genus xlii. Manakin. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 517.
Rock Manakin, p. 518 {=Eupicola crocea, VieiU.).
Blue-backed Manakin, p. 520 ( = Chiroxiphia pareola [L.]).

n 2

100 Zoology.

Black-capped Manakin, p. 521 (=i(}hiriymackuTis manaau

[L.])-
White-capped Manakin, p. 523 ( = Pipra leueocUla [L.]).

White-throated Manakin, p. 524 ( = Pipra gutiuraUs [L.]).

Red and Black Manakin, var. A, p. 525 {= Pipra aureola

[L.]).
Cinereus Manakin, p. 533 {=Pachyrhamphu8 cinereui

[Bodd.]).

Qenus xliii. Titmouse. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 535.

Great Titmouse, p. 536 {=zParw major ^ L.).

Colemouse, p. 540 ( = Parua ater, L.).

Marsh Titmouse, p. 541 {^ Parus palustrisj L.).

Blue Titmouse, p. 543 ( = Parus cssruleus, L.).

Crested Titmouse, p. 545 {= Parus cristatus^ L.).

Long-tailed Titmouse, p. 550 {^JEgithalua caudatus [L.]).

Bearded Titmouse, p. 552 ( = Panurvs hiarmicuB [L.]).

Genus xliv. Swallow. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 560.

Chimney Swallow, p. 561 ( = Hirundo rustica, L.).
White Swallow, var. A, p. 563 { = Hirundo rustica, L.).
Martin, p. 564 ( = Chelidonaria urhica [L.]).
Sand Martin, p. 568 ( = Olivicola riparia [L.]).
Aoonalashka Swallow, p. 571 { = Hirundo unaJaahkensis

Gm.).
Aculeated Swallow, p. 583 ( = Collocaliafuciphagay Thunb.).
Swift, p. 584 (^OypseluB apus [L.]).

Genus xlv. Goatsucker. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 589.

European Goatsucker, p. 593 ( = Caprimulgua europseuSf L.).
Virginia Goatsucker, p. 595 (= Chordeilea virginianm
[Gm.]).

Order IV. Columbine.

Genus xlvi. Pigeon. Vol. ii., pt. ii
With moderate tails.

Shaker Pigeon, p. 611.

Carrier Pigeon, p. 613.

Great Crowned Pigeon, p. 620 ( = Ooura coronata [L.]).

Ring Pigeon, p. 635 ( = Cdumha palumhus, L.).

Triangular-spotted Pigeon, p. 639 ( = Columba guinea, L.)

Birds. 101

Common Turtle, p. 644 ( = TwrUar iurtur [L.]).
Barred Turtle, p. 650 ( = Oeopelia striata [L.]).
Canada Turtle, p. 658 {=Ectapi9te8 migratoriua [Catesb.]).
Ground Turtle, p. 659 {^zChamsepelia pasaerina [L.]).

With long tails.
Passenger Pigeon, p. 661 ( = EetopisUs mt^atoriiw[Cate8b.]).

Obder V. Gallinaceous. Vol. ii., pt. ii.

Genus xlviL Peacock. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 668.
Crested Peacock, p. 668 {=Pavo eristatui, L.).
Variegated Peacock, p. 671 (=Pavo crittatus^ L.).

Genus xlviiL Turkey. VoL ii, pt, ii., p. 676.
Domestic Turkey, p. 679 ( = Meleagris gaUopavo [L.]).

Genus xlix. Pintado. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 685.
Guinea Pintado, p. 685 ( = Numida meUaqris [L.]).

Genus 1. Gurassow. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 690.

Crested Gurassow, p. 690 ( = Orax glohiceraj L.).

Do. the female, p. 693 (=^Crax aiector 9 ).

Genus Ii. Pheasant. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 697.

Domestic Gock, p. 700 ( = Qalhu gaUua [L.]).
Frizzled Gock, p. 704 ( = Oaaus gallua [L.]).
Argus Pheasant, p. 710 { = Argunanu8 argua [L.]).
Common Pheasant, p. 712 {=:Pkasianu8 edchicw^ L.).
Painted Pheasant, p. 717 { = Chryaolophua pictuB [L.]).
Pencilled Pheasant, p. 719 { = Oennmu$ nycthemerus [L.]).

Genus lii. Tinamou. VoL ii, pt. ii, p. 724.

Genus liii. Grous. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 728.
With four toes.

Black Grouse, p. 733 (=XyrttrtM tetrix [L.]).
Shoulder-Knot Grouse, p. 737 ( = Bonasa umhellus [L.]).
Ruffed Grouse, p. 738 ( = Bonasa umbellus [L.]).
Ptarmigan Grouse, p. 741 (=zLagopu8 lagopus [L.]).

102 Zoology.

Oenus liv. Partrii>ge. VoL ii., pt. ii., p. 755.
With four toes.

Gape Partridge, p. 757 ( = Francolinua capensis [Gm.]).
Francolin Partridge, p. 759 (=Francolinu8 francoUnui

[L.]).
Gommon Partridge, p. 762 (=zPerdix perdix [L.]).
Guernsey Partridge, p. 768 ( = Caccdbi8 rufa [L.].)
Green Partridge, p. 777 ( = BolMua roulrotd [Scop.]).
Maryland I^artridge, p. 778 ( = Ortyx virginianua [L.]).
Gommon Quail, p. 779 ( = Cotumix cotumix [L.]).
Ghinese Quail, p. 783 { = Mxcalfactoria chinensii [L.]).

Oenus Iv. Trumpeter. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 793.

Genus lyi. • Bustard. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 796.

Great Bustard,. p. 796 (=Otis tarda [L.]).

Thick-kneed Bustard, p. 806 (^CEdumemus cedicnemus

Order VI. Struthious.
G^nus Ivii Dodo. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 1 (1785).

Genus Iviii. Ostrich. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 6.
Genua lix. Cassowary. Vol. iii, pt. i., p. 10.

DIVISION II. WATER BIRDS.
Order VII. With cloven feet.

Genus Ix. Spoonbill. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 13.
White Spoonbill, p. 13 ( = Platalia leucorodia [L.]).

Genus Ixi. Screamer. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 18.

Genus bdi. Jabiru. Vol. iii, pt. i., p. 22.

Genus Ixiii. Boat-bill. Vol. iii., pfc. i., p. 25.

Genus Ixiv. Umbre. Vol. iii, pt. i., p. 30.

Birds. 103

Genus Ixv. Heron. Vol iii., pt. i., p. 32.

Crowned Heron, p. 34 ( = Baleariea pavonina [L.]).
Demoiselle Heron, p. 35 ( = Anthropoidet virgo [L.]).
Indian Crane, yar. A, p. 39 ( = Gru8 anUgone [L.]).
White Stork, p. 47 ( = Ciconia eiconia [L.]).
Bittern, p. 56 ( = Botauru9 ateOaris [L.]).
Green Heron, p. 68 ( = Buiorides virescens [L.]).
Cinnamon Heron, p. 77 ( = Ardetia cinnanumea [Gm.]).
Common Heron, male, p. 83 ( = Ardea cinereaf L.).
Little Egret, p. 90 { = OaneUa garzeUa [L.]).
Great White Heron, p. 91 {^Herodioi alba [L.]).
Little White Heron, p. 93 (? zsDichromanassa rufa
[Bodd.]).

Genus IxvL Ibis. VoL iii., pt. i., p. 104,

Scarlet Ibis, p. 106 ( = Eudocimua ruber [L.]).
Bald Ibis, p. 116 { = 0er(mticu8 calms [Bodd.]).

Genus IxviL Cublbw. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 119.

Common Curlew, p. 119 { = Numen%u8 arqtMius [L.]).
Esquimaux Curlew, p. 125 { = NumentU8 borealii [Forst.]).

Genus Ixviii. Snipe. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 128.

Woodcock, p. 129 ( = Scolopax nuiieula [L.]).
Conmion Snipe, p. 134 ( = Oallinago gailinago [L.]).
Jack Snipe, p. 136 ( = lAmnocryptes gallinida [L.]).
Red Godwit, p. 142 ( = Limosa lapponica [L.]).
Common Godwit, p. 144 {^Limosa lapponica [L.]).
Green-Shank, p. 147 ( = Olottis nebularius [Gunner.]).
Redshank, p. 150 ( = Totanu8 calidris [L.]).

Genus bdx. Sandpiper. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 158.

Ruff, p. 159 {=z Pawmcella pugnax [L.]).
Swiss Sandpiper, p. 167 { = Sqwitarola heltfetica [L.]).
Common Sandpiper, p. 178 ( = Tringoides hypoleu^nu [L.]).
Dunlin, p. 185 ( = Pelidna alpina [L.]).

Genus Ixx. Plover. Vol. iii, pt. L, p. 192.
Golden Plover, p. 193 { = Charadrius pluvialis [L.]).
Long-legged Plover, p. 195 ( = HimarUopui Mmantopus [L.]).

104 Zoology.

Noisy Plover, p. 199 ( = Oxyechus vociferus [L.]).
Ringed Plover, p. 201 ( = JEgialitia hiaticola [L.]).
Spur- winged Plover, p. 213 { = Hoplopteru8 gpinosus [L.]).

Genus Ixxi. Otsteb-Catcher. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 219.
Pied Oyster-catcher, p. 219 (^= Hsematopus 08trcUegw[L.]).

Genus Ixxii. PBATiycoLE. Vol. iii, pt. i., p. 222.

Genus Ixziii. Rail. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 226.

Water Rail, p. 227 { = Ballu8 aquaticus [L.]).
Black Rail, p. 236 ( = Limnocorax niger [Gm.]).

Genus Ixxiv. Jacana. Vol. iii., pt.. i., p. 241.

Chestnut Jacana, p. 241 ( = Jacana jacana [L.]).
Variable Jacana, p. 244 ( = Asarcia variabilia [L.]).

Genus Ixxv. Gallinule. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 249.

Crake Gallinule, p. 250 ( = Crex crex [L.]).
Purple Gallinule, p. 254 ( = Porphyrio porphyria [L.]).
Common Gallinule, p. 258 ( = Oallitiula cMoropua [L.]).
Crested Gallinule, p. 267 ( = Fulica cristata [Gm.]).

Genus Ixxvi. Shbathbill. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 268.

Obder VII. With pinnated feet.

Genus Ixxvii. Phalarope. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 270.

Grenus Ixxviii. Coot. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 275.
Common Coot, p. 275 { = Fulica cristata [Gm.]).

Genus Ixzix. Grebe. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 280.

Crested Grebe, p. 281 {-Podicipes crisiahis [L.]).
Eared Grebe, p. 285 {=Podicipe9 nigricoUis, Brehm.).
Little Grebe, p. 289 {=Podicipes fluviatilis, Tunst.).

Obdeb IX. Weh-faoted.
With long legs.
Genus Ixxx. Avocet. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 293.
Scooping Avocet, p. 293 {=Becurviro8tra avoeetia, L.).

Birds. 105

Genns Ixxxi. Courieb. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 298.

Genus buudi Flamingo. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 299.
Red Flamingo, p. 299 {=Fh(Bnicopieru» roseus. Fall.).

With short legs,
Genas Ixxxiii. Albatross. Vol iii., pt. i., p. 304.
Wandering Albatross, p. 304 {==Diomed€a exulanSf L.).
Yellow-nosed Albatross, p. 309 ( = Thalasaogeron cMonh-
rhynchu9 [Gm.]).

Genus Izxxiv. Auk. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 311.
Puffin Auk, p. 314 {= Fratercula arctica [L.]).
Labrador Auk, p. 318 { = Fratercula arctica [L.]).
Razor-bill, p. 319 (=Alca tarda, L.).
Black-biUed Auk, p. 320 (=Alca tarda, L.).

Genua Ixxxv. Guillemot. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 329 (1786).
Foolisb Guillemot, p. 329 (= Uria troile [L.]).
Black Guillemot, p. 332 (= Uria grylle [L.]).

Genus Ixxxvi. Diver. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 337.
Northern Diver, p. 337 { = Colymhu8 glacialis, L.).
Imber Diver, p. 343 ( = Colymhus glacialis, L.).
Speckled Diver, p. 341 {^ = Colymhus septentrionalis, L.).
Red-throated Diver, p. 244 {=Colymbus aeptentrionalis, L.).

Genus Ixxxvii. Skimmer. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 347.
Black Skinmier, p. 347 ( = RJiynchops nigra, L.).

Genus Ixxxviii. Tern. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 349.
Cas7)ian Tern, var. A, p. 351 ( = Hydroprogne caspia

[Pall.]).
Caspian Tern, var. B, p. 351 { = Hydroprogne caspia

[Pall.]).
African Tern, p. 354 {= Sterna cantiaca, Gm.).
Common Tern, p. 361 (= Sterna fluviatilisj Naum.).
Lesser Tern, p. 364 ( = Sterna minuta, L.).
Chinese Tern, p. 365 {= Sterna sinensis, Gm.).
Black Tern, p. 366 { = Hydrochelidon nigra [L.]).

Genus Ixxzix. Gull. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 369.
Wagel Gull, p. 375 (=Larus marinus, L.).

106 Zoology.

Genus xc. Petrel. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 395.

Giant Petrel, p. 396 ( = Ossifrciga gigantea [Gm.]).
Pintado Petrel, p. 401 { = Daption capensti [L.]).
Cinereus Fulmer, p. 405 {= Priojintis cinereus [Gm.]).
Shearwater Petrel, p. 375 ( = Fuffinu8 hihli [Boie]).
Snowy Petrel, p. 408 {=Pagodrama nivea [Gm.]).
Stormy Petrel, p. 411 { = Procelhria pelagicay L.).
Blue Petrel, p. 415 ( = Halobsena cserulea [Gm.]).
Pacific Petrel, p. 416.
Dusky Petrel, p. 416 ( = PMj^?itt« ohscurtis [Gm.]).

Genus xci. Merganser. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 418.

Groosander, p. 418 { = Merganser castor [L.]).
Dun-Diver, p. 420 {= Merganser easier [L.]).
Red-breasted Merganser, p. 423 (= Merganser serratar

[L.]).
Hooded Merganser, p. 426 ( = Lophodytes cucuUaius [L.]).
Smew, male, p. 428 ( = Mergus alhellus, L.).
Minute Merganser, p. 429 ( = Mergus albeUus, L.).

Genus xcii. Duck. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 431.

Mute Swan, p. 436 ( = Cygnus olor Gm.).

Bustard Goose, p. 440 {=Cloephaga mageUanica [Gm.]).

Chinese Goose, p. 447 ( = Cygnopsis cygnoides [L.]).

Canada Goose, p. 450 (=Branta canadensis [L.]).

Black Duck, p. 479 {=(Edemia perspicillata [L.]).

Harlequin Duck, p. 484 ( = (Josmonetta histrtontca [L.]).

Mallard, p. 489 ( = Anas hoscas [L.]).

Tame Duck, p. 494 ( = Anas hoscas [L.]).

Black-billed Whistling Duck, p. 499 ( = Dendrocygna

arhorea [L.]).
Shieldrake, p. 504 ( = Tadorna cornuta [L.]).
Shoveler, p. 509 { = Spatula clypeata [L.]).
Common Wigeon, p. 518 {=iMareca penelope [L.]).
Pintail Duck, p. 526 {=Dafila acuta [L.]).
Buffcl-headed Duck, p. 533 { = Clangula albeola [L.]).
Golden-eye Duck, p. 535 ( = Clangula glaucion [L.]).
Tufted Duck, p. 540 { = Fuligula fuligula [L.]).
Summer Duck, p. 546 { = JEx sponsa [L.]).
Garganey, p. 550 ( = Querquedula circia [L.])*
Common Teal, p. 551 {=zNeition erecca [L.])*

Birds. 107

Genus xciii. Pinouin. Vol. iii, pt. ii., p. 559.
Crested Prngnin, p. 561 (= Caiarrhicie9 ehry»ocame

[Forst.]).
Patagonian Pingaiii, p. 563 {^ Aptenodyies patagoniea

[Forat.]).
Cape Pingoin, p. 566 {=Sphent8cus demeraua [L.]).

Genus xciv. Pelican. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 574.
Great White Pelican, p. 575 ( = Pelecanus onocrotalus, L.).
Brown Pelican, p. 580 {=s PeUeanua fuscuSy Gm.).
Rough-billed Pelican, p. 586 {= Pelecanus erythrorhynchu9y

Gm.).
African Shag, p. 606 {= Phalacrocarax africanus, Gm.).
Gannet, p. 608 {=Sula basaana [L.]).

Genus xcv. Tropic Bird. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 615.
Common Tropic Bird, p. 615 {^Phctethcn sethereut, L.).

Genus xcvi. Darter. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 622.
Black-bellied Darter, var. A, p. 624 {=Plotu8 anhingaf L.).
Surinam Darter, p. 626 {szPlotus mrinamensis, Gm.).

In the first " Supplement " to the " General Synopsis " (1 787) a
few species are added, the following being in the British Museum.

Plaintive Vulture, p. 4 ( = Polyharus thanu, Molina).
Dubious Parrot, p. 62 {^Psittacus dubius, Lath.).

Cf. Salvadori, Cat. B., xx., p. 612.
South-Sea Raven, p. 75 { = Corvultur alhicolliaj Lath.).
Black Roller, p. 85 { = Cryptorhina a/ra, L.).
African Roller, p. 86 (ss Eurystomua afer, Lath.).
Doubtful Barbet, p. 96 ( = Lybim dubius, Gm.).
African Creeper, var. C, p. 127 ( = Cinnyris afra, L.).
Ash-bellied Creeper, p. 130 { = Nectarintafamo8a, L.).
Red- winged Chatterer, p. 146 { = Campophaga ph<Bnicea,

Lath.).
Flammeous Flycatcher, p. 171 { = Pericrocotus JiammeuSj

Forst.).
African Pheasant, p. 210 {^Schizorhia africana, Lath.).

Of additional interest to Latham's published works, which
give Qs an idea of the contents of the bird-cases in the British
Museum in the latter half of the eighteenth century, is the
3amiDg of certain Australian birds in the *^ Supplements " to the
' Synopsis " and to the " Index Omithologicus." Up to the present

108 Zoology.

time, it has never been known where Latham obtained the
material for describing so many Australian, or, as they were
then called, " New Holland," birds.

In 1902 the Museum acquired from Mr. James Lee, a grand-
son of the famous horticulturist of Hammersmith, a large volume
of paintings executed for the latter by one of his collectors,
Thomas Watling, between 1788 and 1792. These drawings had
evidently been shown to Latham, who named most of the birds,
and seems to have referred to these pictures as " Mr. Lambert's
Drawings." They do not seem, however, to have been Lambert's
property at any time.

The types of Latham's species are, in fact, founded on
these drawings of Watling's.

The collector was sent to New South Wales by Mr. Lee, and
some of the illustrations in White's '^Journal of a Voyage to
N.S. Wales in 1790 " were drawn by Watling, who refers to
White in his volume of paintings. Of, Hist. Coll. Brit. Mus.
(N H.), i., p. 52 (Libraries).

Mr. James Britten, who has examined the series of drawings^
has published the following interesting note (Joum. Botany, xl.,
p. 302 (1902)): "The British Museum has lately acquired a
very interesting volume containing drawings in colour of the
animals and plants of Australia, made by Thomas Watling in
1788-1792. Watling was sent out by James Lee of Hammer-
smith (from whose great-grandson, bearing the same names, the
collection was purchased), with a view to obtcdning material for
a book on the natural history of the country.

" Apart from its contents, the volume is interesting (m
account of the light which it throws upon an entry on p. 253,
vol. i., of Dryander's * Catalogue of the Banksian Library ' : this
runs, 'Yolumen foliorum 70, continens figuras animalium et
plantarum pictas quas in Nova Cambria prope Port Jackson
delineavit Edgar Thomas Dell.'

'* In Banks' copy the last four words are struck out, and a
comparison of the volume with the one acquired from Mr. Lee
shows that it is the work of the same artist. Watling was
acquainted with John White (' Surgeon-General to the Settle-
ment'), who sent plants to Smith, and published in 1790 his
'Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales'; one or two of
Watling's drawings were executed for W^hite.

''The newly acquired volume contains several views of
Sydney which are of great interest."

Birds. 109

Attached to the drawings of birds is a list of the species,
with the following announcement, probably in the handwriting
of Mr. James Lee himself: ''This Catalogue was wrote by
I Dr. Latham, author of the ' General Synopsis of Birds.' "

The following is a list of the Drawings as determined by
Latham himself, and bearing his handwriting : —

1. Bold Vulture, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 10, no. 10
(1802).

Ftt/(ur audax, Lath., Lid. Cm., Suppl., p. ii. (1801).

Latham copies Watling's original note about the native name
bring " Boora-morang " (Watling writes it " Boo-ro-ma-rang "),
and also about the bird sometimes attacking natives, but he says
not one word about Watling or James Lee in the text of his
book, nor can I so far find any evidence of his giving credit to
either of them as the source of his information.

The bird is drawn holding a fish under its foot, and might be
mistaken for a young Haliaetus leucogastery but on comparing
the sketch with specimens, it is evidently intended for a
Wedge-tailed Eagle, as is also shewn by its feathered legs.
Latham says that " the size of this bird is uncertain." Watling
generally gives the size of his birds, but on this picture he gives a
Kale, which shows that the specimen was about three feet long.

2. Pondicherry Eagle. Qu. new species. Latham, Gen.
Syn., ii., p. 32.

Latham refers to Watling's two drawings of the White-
breasted Brahminy Kite, and as before appropriates his notes
▼ithout stating his authority. Thus : "A bird seemingly of this
last kind [Pondicherry Eagle] is found in New Holland, in which
the head, neck, and belly are pure white, without any streaks.''
On Watling's plate Latham has written : *' Probably this should
be made a distinct species.'' Watling's note is as follows : '* The
stomach of the bird when taken Was full of egg-shells."

3. Ditto. This second picture of the Brahminy Kite has
the following note by Watling : " The Natives call this Bird
Girrenera, This hawk lives a good deal on Fish, which most of
that genus do that inhabit New South Wales, where there are
serenil varieties, the likeness of this kind is strongly imitated "
[ie. that he has made a good portrait of the bird]. Latham had
evidently seen the pictures and notes of Watling when he wrote
the " Supplement " to the ** General Synopsis."

4. Painting of an Elanus, with the following note by the
artist : " Natural size. The head of this drawing is rather too

110 Zoology.

large and long, the bill should be smaller and more rounded in
towards the breast. I had the bird alive three months, and fed
it on small birds and fish, <&c."

Nos. 5, 6. Two more paintings of an ElanttSy one-half and
one-third natural size. " Native name Oeo^a-rack,^* Latham
founds on this description his Axillary Falcon (Suppl. to G^en.
Synopsis, ii., p. 42). He says that it ''inhabits New Holland,
but is not very conmion. The specimen from which the above
description was taken, was caught alive, and kept for ten months,
being fed with small birds, fish, &c" This note is taken from
Watling's MSS., but is not acknowledged. This picture becomes
the type of Latham's Axillary Falcon ( = Falco axillariSy Lath.,
Ind. Om., Suppl., p. ix.).

7. Bepresents an Elanus, which Latham, in his MS. list,
places as a variety of his Axillary Falcon, which is probably the
case.

8. Is also considered by Latham to be a variety of his Faleo
axillaris, but in reality it is a small figure of Haliaetus leucogasier
(Gm.). This latter name is founded on the White-bellied Eagle,
n. sp., of Latham (Gen. Syn., L, pt. i., p. 33*), where we read :
'' This bird was brought to England in one of the last circum-
navigating ships, and is now in the Leverian Museum. Its
native place is unknown."

9. An Owl. This picture of Watling's formed the subject of
Latham's description of his —

Winking Falcon, Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL, p. 53.

Falco connivens, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xii.

Ninox connivens (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., ii., p. 175.
Latham does not acknowledge the origin of his description,
merely adding : '' Inhabits New Holland, but no history annexed,
further than that it has wonderful faculty of contracting and
dilating the iris ; and that the native name is * Goora-a-Gang.' "

These notes he has copied from Watling's MS., which,
however, gives the native name as " Goo-ree-a-gang." He also
writes : '' This Bird has a wonderf ull power of contracting and
dilating the iris and pupil." The picture is, therefore, the type
of Ninox connivens,

10. " New Falcon." On this picture is founded the description
of Latham's Badiated Falcon, and the figure given by him is
adapted from Watling's picture. Thus the latter becomes the
type of

♦ C/. Sharpe, Cat B., i., p. 117.

Birds. Ill

Radiated Falcon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 53, pi. cxxi.

Faleo radiaiu8y Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xii.

Uraspizias radiatna, Sharpe, Cat. B., i., p. 1 59.

Erythrotriorchis radiatuSj Sharpe, HandL B., i., p. 254.
Watling has given the following MS. note ; — " This bird
metsures from the top of the head to the end of the tail 22 in.,
aod from the tip of one wing to the other 4 feet. Iris doubtful.
A new Falcon."

11. Another painting of the Radiated Falcon, to which is
attached the following note by Watling : — "The skin of this bird
I foond nailed up to a settler's hut. It is the only one of the
kind ever seen. The drawing is a faithful copy. The settler who
shot it says the iris was brown, and remarked that he never saw
any bird fly with such swiftness. Its claws, which were long,
small, and sharp when he took it up, it drove quite through the
end of Ins fingers. A new Falcon. This bird measures from the
bill to the extremity of the tail twenty -four inches." It will be
seen that Latham copied the notes, but did not say who had
written them.

12. A picture of a young Hobby and the type of Latham's
Lonated Falcon, as follows : —

Lunated Falcon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 54.

Faleo lunatut, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xiii.
"Inhabits New Holland, and was taken in March. Native
name Goo-roo-wang" This native name is copied from Watling's
MS., but I cannot find any record of the time of year M'hen the
bird was shot.

13. Pacific Falcon, Lath., Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 54.
Faleo pacificus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xiii.

I am unable to identify the bird here figured. It has a white
head and neck. Upper surface dark brown, ^^ blotched on the
back with dark spots, and marked on the belly (wliich is paler
than above and inclining to yellow) with black streaks. The tail
is long, even at the end, crossed with seven or eight black bars,
the quills also barred as the tail, with the ends black." This is a
good description of the painting, but I cannot find any Australian
bird of prey which corresponds with it. Watling*s original note
is as follows : — " This bird is not common in New South Wales.
Hie only one shot, though others have been seen of the same
kind." The only species which it could possibly resemble might
be a young F<Uco hypoUucus, but our specimens in the Museum
do not favour the idea.

112 Zoology.

Nos. 14, 15. Fair Falcon, Lath., (Jen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 54.

Falco claruSf Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xiii.
These two figures seem to be undoubtedly intended for AiUr
cineretis,* though in the " Catalogue " I referred Latham's " Fair
Falcon " to A. navse hollandiee. This must be a mistake, but the
figures are by no means a good representation of A. cineretu, over
which Latham's name will take precedence, and the species must
be called Astur claru8 (Lath.).

Nos. 16 and 17. Dark Falcon, Lath. MS. ; id., Qen. ffist. B., L,

p. 231 (1821).
There are now no pictures in the book corresponding to these
numbers, which are given in Latham's MS. list.

No. 18. Ash-headed Falcon, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., i.,

p. 219 (1821).
This is a good figure of Astur approximaru, but does not seem
to have received a Latin name from Latham.
No. 19. Hooded Falcon, Latham MS.

This is Falco melanogenys, Grould. Latham does not seem to

have given a Latin name to the drawing. Watling's MSS. note

is : ^' Half the natural size. It lives on small birds and fish, &c"

No. 20. Lacteous Eagle, Lath. [MS.]; Gen. Hist. B., i.,

p. 216 (1821).
This is evidently Astur novse hollandias (Gm.), founded on the
New Holland White Eagle of Latham's G«n. Synopsis, L, p. 40
(1781). The latter seems to have procured the description of
the bird from Dr. J. R. Forster. No specimen was in the
British Museum at the time. " Name Ooo-loo-hee " (Watling.)
No. 21. New HoUand Sparrow Hawk, Latham [MS.]; Gen.

Hist. B., i., p. 223 (1821).
'^ Same as No. 22. Small Hawk. Two-thirds the natural size.'*
This is a representation of an adult Accipiter cirrhocephalus (VieUL).
No. 22. New Holland Sparrow Hawk, Latham MS. " One-
third natural size. Native name Qoo-roo-ing, It is not a very
common Hawk in New South Wales. A dark variety of the
New Holland Sparrow Hawk, No. 21." The bird is really
Astur approximans.

No. 23. Bam Owl in Latham's MS. list, but no figure now
in the book.
No. 24. Owl.

Boobook Owl, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 64.
Strix haobooJcy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xv.
Ninax boobook (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., ii., p. 168 (1875).
♦ C/. Sharpe, Cat. B., i, p. 117.

Birds. 113

Watling's note is : '* This bird is about the size of the common
English owl. Native name Boo-hookJ* The figure is the type
til the species, Latham's name having been founded upon it.
No. 25. White-faced Owl, Latham [MS.] ; id., Gen. Hist. B.,

L, p. 334 (1821).
This is Strix deUeatula, Gould. Watling's note : <' One-third
natnnl size. Native name Boo-^xwk"

No. 26. Hook-billed Shrike, var. A, of Latham, Gen. Syn.,
iSuppl. iL, p. 70.
Lanius curcirosiriij Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 72.
This is a CracticuSy and seems to be C leucopteruBy Gould.
It has, of course, nothing to do with Lanius curvirosiris of
ImaenSj which is a Vanga from Madagascar. Watling's note is :
" Two-thirds natural size. Native name Karro-bee-rang"
Na 27. Clouded Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 73.

Lanius torquatus. Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii.
This figure is the type of Lanius torquatusy Lath., which h&s
generally been referred to Cracticus destructor.

Dr. Gadow considered the description of the Clouded Shrike
to be insufficient for recognition. There can, however, be no
doubt that the identification is correct, and L. torquatus
becomes a synonym of C. destructor, as was determined by
Gnj, Cabanis, and other good ornithologists. Watling's note :
"This drawing is about the natural size."

No. 28. Robust Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 74.

Lanius robushis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii.
This seems to me to be intended for Oraucalus melanops
(Uth.), founded on the Black-faced Crow of Latham, Gen. Syn.,
Suppl. iL, p. 116. One of " Lambert's drawings " is described by
him, and in his Supplement to the " Lidex Ornithologicus " he
gives it the name of Corvus melanops, having apparently forgotten
thftt he had described it previously from Watling's Drawings
as Lanius robustus. The name should therefore be Oraucalus
nlmstus, though, as the two birds are described in the same work,
it may not be deemed expedient to enforce a priority of only
a few pages. Watling's note is merely '^ natural size."
No. 29. Erect Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 74.

Lanius erectus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii.
This looks like a black-headed Pachycephala, but it has a
pale yellowish bill, a white throat, greenish back, and pale yellow
under-surface. I have not been able to identify the species.
TOL. II. I

114 Zoology.

No. 30. Yellow-bellied Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syii.,Suppl. ii.,p.75.

Lanius flavigaster, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xix.
" Natural size. Native name Wee-bung. It is not a common
bird, and it drives all smaller birds from its neighbourhood"
(Watling MS.). This looks like a yellow-bellied Pachycephala^
but it has no black pectoral collar, and I cannot identify the
figure with any known Australian species.

No. 31. Frontal Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 75.
Laniua frantatus, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xviii.
Falcunculus frantatus, Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 173.
Watling's note : *' One half the natural size. Not a common
bird. The tongue is a little bifid."

No. 32. Frontal Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL ii., p. 75,

pi. 122.
Watling's note : " Natural size. Supposed to be the male of
No. 2. It is a rare bird, never seen but in the cold or winter
months. It is found near water, and often feeding on the seed
of reeds in marsh or wet grounds."

No. 33. White-eared Shrike, Lath. [MS.] ; Gen. Hist. B., ii.,

p. 76 (1822).
This drawing and the next are apparently meant for Falcun--
culw frontatus, but they are given a large white patch on the
ear-coverts instead of a double band of white above and below
the latter. The double band is correct, and no such bird as the
" White-eared Shrike " has been found by me.

Watling*s note : *^ Two-thirds the natural size. Native name
Tattanan.'*

No. 34. White-eared Shrike, Lath. MS. [= No. 33].
Watling*s note says only : " Natural size."
No. 35. Red-breasted or Blue-bellied Parrot, Lath., Gen.
Syn., i., pp. 212 and 213.
Psittacua hsematodusy Lath., Ind. Om., i.,p. 87 (nee Linn.).
Trichoglossua novee hdlandm (Gm.), Salvad., Cat B., xx.,
p. 57.
Watling's note : " Native name Goevil This Parrot has a
fine white tongue like the drawing No. 300 [= 36 of the volume],
Pmttacua hsemaiodus var. ; called the Blue-bellied Parrot, 9ee
Latham, Syn."

Nos. 36 and 37. Two-thirds the natural size. Red-breasted
Parrot, Lath. Watling's note : " Native name ia* Ooo-veei"

These three drawings are evidently intended for the same
species.

Birds. 1 1 T)

No. 38. Nonpareil Parrot, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 85.

PniiacuB eximius, Shaw, Nat. Misc., pi. 93 (1792); Lath.,

Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xxi.
Platycercua eocimius (Shaw), Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 551.
Xo. 39, which, according to the list of plates, is another
figure of the Nonpareil Parrot, is missing, as is also No. 40^
which is said to be the same as No. 41.

No. 41. Small Parrakeet, LatL, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 88.
PtUtacuB pusillus, Shaw, in *^ White's Voyage to New South

Wales," p. 262, pi. 48 (1790).
GloMopnttaeus pusillusy Salvad., Cat. £., xz., p. 71.
No. 42, given in the list as the Ground Parrot of Latham
(Pezoponti formasuB, Lath.), is missing.

No. 43. Crimson-fronted Parrot, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 87.
Psittaeua eoncinnus, Shaw, Nat. Misc., iii., pi. 87 (1791).
Olostapntiacus concinnua, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 69.
No. 44. Red-shouldered Parrakeet, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii,
p. 90.
Psittacus discolor, Shaw, in White's Voy. N.S.W., p. 263,

pL 49 (1790).
Nanodes discolor, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 592.
The bird, according to Watling's note, is of the '^ natural
size."

Nos. 45 and 46. These plates are missing, but are given in
Latham's MS. list as figures of the Pennantian Parrot of Latham,
Gen. Syn., SuppL L, p. 61 (1787).

Psiitacus elegans, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 318 (1788).
Platycercus elegans, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 541.
No. 47. Turcoisine Parrot, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 89.
Fsittacus pulchellus, Shaw, Nat. Misc., pi. 96 (1792).
Neophema pulchella, Salvad., Cat. B., xx.,p. 575.
Although Latham says that he described this Parraquet from
the drawings of Mr. Lambert, and apparently from a specimen in
the collection of General Davies, he makes use of Watling's note,
which is as follows : '* The two centre tail feathers are entirely
green, the two next have a little yellow on the tips or points,
which increases in all the tail feathers, until the two outer ones
OQ each side are perfectly yellow ; from the centre or two green
feathers, the five others on each side regularly decrease in
length. This ia a rare bird in N.S. Wales, is of short flight,

I 2

116 Zoology.

never seen in more than pairs, and oftener seen on the ground
than perched on trees. The feathers of the head and shoulder
of the wing are of the most brilliant lightest azure. The
strongest quill feathers are equal as to clearness of colour, but of
a middling deep mazarine blue, tipped with black. The whole
of the bird's colours are delightful, but these most especially
the best artist must ever despair of equalling. About a third
the natural size."

No. 48. Scarlet and Green Parrot, a young female.

Aprosmictus qfanopygius (Vieill.), Salvad., Cat. B., xx.,
p. 486.

No. 49. Scarlet and Green Parrot. Male.

Tn the " General Histoiy of Birds," vol. ii., p. 116, Latham
refei-s to the native name " Wellat " of Watling's MS. note, which
reads : — " Half the natural size. Native name WellatJ'

No. 50. Scarlet and Green Parrot, var. or young male.

No. 51. Scarlet and Green Parrot. Latham's MS.

Watling's note : " Female of No. 2. Half the natural size.
Native name Wellat"

No. 52. Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 91-first.
Paitiacua banksiiy Lath., Ind. Om., i., p. 107 (1790).
Calypiorhynchus hanhaii, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 109.

Latham's description of this figure is as follows : " The first
is black, except a large yellow patch under each eye, the base of
all but the two middle tail-feathers buff, dotted with black ; bill
and legs pale ; not common." He makes allusion to the
drawings from New Holland, and had evidently Watling's
pictures in his mind. He appears to have founded his *' varieties "
of the Banksian Cockatoo on the same figures and notes of
Watling, who gives the following note : " From the tip of the
beak to the tip of the tail 2 feet 8 inches. Native name Karratt,
All the varieties of the black Cockatoos are so called ; this is the
most uncommon bird."

No. 53. Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii,
p. 92, no. 3.

Watling's note : " Native name Karratt. One-fourth the
natural size."

This figure is described by Latham: "Thirdly, without the
yellow patch under the eye; but the black plumage sprinkled
with yellow dots ; the tail crimson, barred with black, just as in
the Supplement to my * Synopsis.' "

Birds. 117

Na 54. Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,

p. 21 (91), var. B.
The description given by Latham of this figure is as follows :
"This is 23 inches in length ; bill as in the last (lead colour),
the base of it hid in the feathers ; head, neck, and under parts
d the body dull brown, margined on the crown and nape
with olive ; the body above, the wings and tail glossy black ; all
hut the two middle feathers of the last crimson in the middle,
bat not banded with black."

Watling's note : " The length of this bird from the top of
his head to the tip of his tail 2 feet 5 inches ; the extent of the
wings from tip to tip 4 feet. Native name Karroti. The
most common genus in New South Wales."

No. 56. Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,

p. 92, no. 4.
Latham's description of this figure is as follows : " Fourthly,
^ yellow patch under the eye composed of pale streaked
feathers; side tail-feathers deep buff yellow, mottled with
brown; fore part of the neck and breast marked with pale
yellow buff crescents."

Watling's note is : " Native name Karroit A rare genus.
Half the size nature."

Na 57. Scyihrops novse hollandise, Lath., Ind. Om., i., p. 141

(1790); Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 330.

Watling's note : '* The native name Ooe-re-e-gang, This

singular bird is by no means numerous about us, even in the

months that it is seen, which are only three or four times in a

jear. It generally makes its appearance in October, and is

seldom seen unless in the mornings and evenings; they are

sometimes seen seven or eight together but oftener in pairs ;

both on the wing and when perched they make a strange loud

screaming noise, not unlike that made by the common cock or

hen, when they perceive a hawk or any other bird of prey

hovering over them. Their errand to this part of New South

Wales seems to be merely for the purpose of pairing, building

their nests, and bringing forth their young, which when done

concludes their visit, and they migrate or depart to some other

quarter about January ; where they frequent the other part of

the year we know not. In the crop and gizzard of several which

I shot I found the seeds of the red gum and peppermint trees,

which I believe to be their principal food. The bill, which is

strong, homy, and pointed, is well adapted for breaking and

118 Zoology.

dividing the capsules, as is the tongue, which is smaU and
pointed, and of a hard cartilaginous substance, for picking out the
seeds. In some of their stomachs I found the capsule or peri-
carpium whole, which they not unfrequently swallow without
waiting to pick out the seeds. I have also found in their
stomachs the wings and legs of some kinds of beetles, but in a
quantity that bore no proportion to the capsule and seed already
spoken of. The bill (whose upper mandible is very pointed and
round or bent at the extremity lapping over the under) and legs
are of a lead colour, the former rather inclining to a brown ; the
toes are placed two forward and two behind, the two hind ones
opening so as to admit the two before to be placed between
them when the [bird] is sitting or perched on a limb or branch of
a tree not too large for the toes to grasp or go round. The
bird from which this drawing is taken was a female with a
very distinct ovarium, but the eggs not formed. It measures
from the tip of the bill to the white extremity of the tail 2 feet,
and from the tip to tip of each wing exactly the same. The tail
(which it sometimes displays like a fan) is not very short of the
length of the body, and gives it in flight or sitting a very
majestic appearance; the legs are rather short for the size of
the bird (whole body is the size of a Crow), and partakes much
of the Parrot kind. The natives know very little about its
habits, haunts, etc., etc. However, they consider its appearance
an indication of wind and blowing weather, and that its frightful
scream is through fear, as it is not a bird of very active or quick
flight. Nothing in nature can be more fiery or fierce than the
uncommon clearness of the pupil eye. I had a wounded one
two days alive, but could not get it to eat ; it bit eveiything
that approached it very severely."

Latham has transferred this note into his account of the
Channel-bill in his " General History " (vol. ii, p. 300, pL 32),
but he attributes the story of the wounded bird to " Mr. White."

No. 58. Black-faced Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 116.
(hnma melanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 24.
Graucalus melanopa, Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 30.

Watling's note is as follows : " Natural size. This is a bird
of prey ; the native name Kai-a-lora'^ This figure is the type of
the species.

No. 59. Velvet-faced Crow, Latham [MS.] ; id., Gen. Hist.
B., iii., p. 35 (1822).

Apparently taken from a specimen of Edoliisoma tenuiroitre

Birds. 119

(JanL), bat not a very correct representation, as the black on the
head is more extended than in any of the Museum specimens.
No. 60. Variable Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 117.
Corvus eersicohrf Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv.
Strepera cuneicaudaia (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 60.
This is certainly the same bird as Cr adieus cuneicaudatw of
Yieillot, 1810, so that Latham's name versicolor takes precedence.
I have, by mistake, omitted Latham's reference in the " Catalogue
(rf Birds," but G. R. Gray seems to have correctly identified the
apedes, of which Watling's picture is the type.

His note is : " This representation is about one-quarter the
size of the bird the drawing was taken from, and the only one
yet scML I had the skin, therefore the iris is doubtful ; however,
the general likeness is very good."

No. 61. Blue-and-white Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 117.
Corvus cyanoleucusy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv.
Orallina picata (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 272 (1877).
Litham does not seem to have recognised these drawings as
representing his "Pied Grakle " (Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 130),
rinoe he gave a new name. The synonymy in the " Catalogue of
Birds" is not complete, as I have omitted these references of
Litham's.

Watling's note is : " One-half the natural size. Native name
Mur-re^an"

No. 62. Blue-and-white Crow, Lath.

Watling gives the following note: "Natural size. April.
Native name Karrook, a rare bird."

No. 63. Black-and-white Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 117.
Corvus melanoleucus, Lath., Ind. Orn. Suppl., p. xxv.
Watling's note is : " Half the natural size. May."
lam unable to identify this drawing satisfactorily. It is
eTidently a black Strepera, which might be S, graculina, but it
does not quite agree with the specimens, as it is figured with a
white rump and white throat, which features are not to be found
in S. graculina.

No. 64. Pacific Roller, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 371.
Coracias pacifica, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv.
Eurystomus australis (Swains.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii,
p. 36.
Watling's note is as follows : " Half the size of the bird was

120 Zoology.

taken from. It is a rare bird, the third only that we have seen ;
the colours are much too dull.

This drawing is the type of Euryatomus pacificusy which name
definitely takes precedence over the name of australiB of Swain-
son. In the " Catalogue of Birds '' I was not certain as to the
identity of Carcusias padfica of Latham, owing, doubtless, to the
description having been taken from a di'awing.

No. 65. Noisy Roller, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 121.
Coradas streperay Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 173.
Strepera graculina (White), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 57.

This drawing represents a black-and-white Strepera with
a yellow eye, and is undoubtedly taken from a specimen of
S. graculina.

The following note is given by Watling: <<One half the
natural size. June."

No. 66. Piping Roller, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl., p. 122.
Coraciaa tihicen, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xxvii.
Qymnorhina iibicen, Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 91.

This figure is the type of Oymnorhina tibicen (Lath.). Wat-
ling's note is : '< Natural size. Native name larra-wan-nang.
This bird has a soft note not unlike the sound of a well-tuned
flute. It is a bird of prey." Latham, as usual, has published the
original note, without acknowledgment, and has twisted it into
**It preys often on small birds," which is not what Watling
wrote.

No. 67. Southern Oriole, Latham MS.

= Chreen Chrakle, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 129.
Oracula viridiSf Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxviii.
Oriolus viridis, Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 212.

Watling's note : " Half natural size."

No. 68. White-naped Grakle, Lath. MS.

Another figure of Oymnorhina tibicen.

Watling's note : " Three-fourths of its natural size. Native
name Dar-rung-a, Gracula."

No. 69. Green Grakle, Lath., Suppl. ii., p. 129. See No. 67.

A larger drawing of the Green Oiiole (Oriolus tiridis). Latham
does not seem to have recognised the identity of Nos. 67 and 69.
Watling*s note says simply : " Natural size. A rare bird.'
Latham writes : " Inhabits New Holland, where it is said to be
a rare bird."

No. 70. Cinereous Grakle, Lath. [MS.] ; lU, Gen. Hist. B.,
iii,, p. 169 (1822).

Birds. 121

This is, in my opinion, the Harmonic Thrush of Latham, Gen.
Sjn., Soppl. ii., p. 182 (= Turdus harmonicus, Lath., Ind. Orn.,
SnppL, p. xli.).*

Watling's note is as follows : " Natural size, from Port
Jackson. A kind of Thrush by its note."

No. 71. Brown Grakle, Latham [MS.] ; id., Gen. Hist. B.,
iii., p. 170 (1822).
= Megalurus cruralisj Vigors and Horsiield, Trans. Linn.

Soc., XV., p. 228 (1826).
Cindarhamphua eruralia, Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 498.
Watling's note : " This drawing is about one third the natural
o». New South Wales."

No. 72. Blue-headed Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL,
p. 137.
CuctUus cyanocephalusy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl, p. xxx.
Eudynamia cyanoc^hala, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 324.
This drawing is the type of the species, and is a very good
rq)resentation of the Australian Koel. Watling's note is : " This
is the only bird hitherto found in the country of New South
Wales. Another of a similar form and magnitude but of a glossy
black colour was taken at the same time, but whether of a
cliiffent genus or the male and female of this species Mr. White
VIS not able to determine. Li make and character it resembles
the Anomalous Hornbill ; the colour is more brown." Latham
gives the substance of the above note, but gives credit for it to
Mr. Lambert.

No. 73. Pheasant Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 137.
Cuculus phasianus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxx.
Centropu8 phasianua, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 340.
Again, this drawing is the type of the species. Watling's
note: "One half the natural size. Native name Tem-minvk.
The New South Wales Pheasant. The only one seen as yet."
No. 74. Tippet Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 13JS.
Cuatlus palliolattis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxx.
Misocalius palliolattiSy Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 279.
This drawing is the type of Cuculus palliolatus of Latham.
Watling's note : " One half the natural size. A rare bird."
No. 75. Fan-tailed Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 138, pi. cxxvi.
Cuculus flabeUiformts, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxx.
Gacamantis flaheUiformis, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 266.
* Of. Sharpe, Cat. Birds, ill., p. 290.

122 Zoology.

Latham's description and figure are both taken from
Watling's drawings, but his plate represents the bird as of a deeper
red colour underneath than in Watling's picture, which may have
faded a little ; the latter writer says that the figure was of the
** natural size." It is the type of the species.

No. 76. Glossy Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL, p. 138.
Cuculus plagosus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxzi.
Chalcococcyx plagosusy Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 297.

This is the type of Ghalcococcyx plagostis of Latham, who says
that he is indebted to Mr. Lambert for some of the birds
described by him ; so that it may be that Latham, when he had
these drawings before him, had received them from Mr. Lambert.
It is curious that Watling's name is not mentioned, as many of
the drawings bear his signature ; nor is that of his employer,
3Ir. James Lee.

Watling's note: "The natural size. The yellow does not
appear so bright as in the bird, and what is very singular in this
bird it has two claws, before and behind the feet."

No. 77. Great Brown Kingfisher, Lath., Gen. Syn., ii., p. 609.
Alcedo giganiea, Lath., Ind. Om., i., p. 245.
Dacelo gigas (Bodd.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 204.

Wat ling's note is : " Two thirds the natural size. Native
name Goo-ge-na-gan^

No. 78. Great Brown Kingfisher, Lath., Gen. Syn., ii,, p. 609.

Another figure of Dacelo gigasy but with a more rufous tail
(i.e. female bird) and darker under-surface, the blue on the
wings indicated more plainly.

Watling's note is : " This bird lives on insects, worms, etc.,
principally ; though sometimes seeds are found in its crop. It is
by no means numerous and very solitary ; still from its note,
which is that of a human loud and continued laugh, it might be
considered a cheerful bird. The natives call it Qooganegang^
but with us it has the appellation of the Laughing Bird. None
of them have ever been observed pairing, nor has any of their
nests been found. The largest I have ever seen was the one from
which this drawing was taken — from the bill end to the tip of
the tail it measured 16 J inches, and from tip to tip of the wings
18 inches. It is a bird of slow and short flight, and seems when
on the wings to have some difficulty to support its fore-part,
which regularly from the head and bill (which is large and
strong) to the tail decreases in size. The feet are of a lead
colour with black claws, and small in proportion to the size of the

Birds. 123

bird. I have seen the feathers on the head form a more complete
crest than the drawing exhibits ; however, in other respects it is
a faithful copy. Native name Ooo^e-ne-gang, likewise this is
called the Laughing Jack Ass."

No. 79. Sacred Kingfisher, variety.

Azure Eongfisher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 372.
Alcedo azurea, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxii.
Akyone azureay Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii, p. 168.
This is a very good figure of Alcyone azurea, and has nothing
to do with the Sacred Kingfisher, with which Latham attempts
to identify it. Watling gives no note to this figure.
No. 80. Collared Kingfisher, variety.

Halcyon sancUis (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii.,
p. 267.
A fairly good picture of H. sanctus, but not quite accurate, as
the artist has exaggerated the white nape-patch so as to form a
kind of collar.

Watling'g note : " Natural size."

No. 81. Orange-winged Nuthatch, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl.
il, p. 146, pi. 127.
SiUa chrygopiera, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxii.
Sittella chrysoptera, Gadow, Cat. B., viiL, p. 360.
NeosiUa chrysoptera, Sharpe, Handl. B., iv., p. 351 (1903).
This figure is the type of Sitta chrysopieray and the figure in
lAtham^s "Synopsis " seems to have been copied from Watling*s
drawing.

Watling's note is : " Three fourths of its natural size. Native
name Mur-ri-gang. Very rare."
No. 82. The same as No. 81.

Watling's note : " Two thirds the natural size. Under the
tail a fine white [patch], barred irregularly with black. A rare
bird."

No. 83. Red-breasted Tody, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 147.
Todfu ruheculay Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxii.
Myiagra rubecuUij Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 373.
Watling gives the following note, much of which is transcribed
in Latham's description : ^* Almost the natural size. This little
bird has a bifid tongue. The points on each side the cleft are a
little divided or feathered. It is the second of the kind I have
seca in the coarse of six years' residence in N. S. Wales. The
contour in general resemblance is good."

124 Zoology.

No. 84. Variegated Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 155, pi. cxxviii.
Merops ornaius, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxv. ; Sharpe,
Cat. B., xvii., p. 74.

Latham described this species from a specimen in the
collection of General Davies, but he mentions a figure as
being among "Mr. Lambert's collection of drawings." The
figure in Latham's work is an impossible one, whereas Watling's
figure is by no means bad. He gives the following note : " The
same size as the bird this drawing was taken from ; the colours
are more brilliant. Native name Dee-weed-gang"

No. 85 is said to be the same as 84, but the drawing appears
to be missing.

No. 86. Wattled Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 150.
Merops carunculatuSy Lath., Ind. Orn., I., p. 276.
Acanihochsera carunculata, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 263.

This drawing is mentioned by Latham (Z.c.) as being in
Mr. Lambert's collection, and he adopts Watling's note, given
herewith, almost in its entirety : " Native name Ooo-gwar-ruck,
which much resembles a word it is constantly chattering. Half
the natural size. This bird much frequents the sea shores,
where it is pretty numerous. It is a chattering bird, and lives
on insects and sucking honey from the different Banksias.
When other birds even larger than themselves and stronger
approaches them it drives them away."

No. 87. Cowled Bee-eater, Lath., Gren. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 155.
Merops monachus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv.
Philemon comiculatuSf Lath. ; Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 271.

In his list of Watling's Plates, Latham identifies this figure
(87) as the Knob-fronted Bee-eater ( = Merops comiculaiusy Lath.,
Ind. Orn., i., p. 276), but in his note on the plate itself, he seems
to think that the two birds are the same, and this view is no
doubt correct.

Watling's note is as follows : " About one third of the natural
size. This bird is generally found perching upon the topmost
boughs of the tall trees. Its food is insects and honey, which it
extracts from plants and flowering shrubs. The Paroquets hold
it in enmity, nor do they ever part before a severe combat."

" It varies from the Knob-fronted [Bee-eater] in the sex
or age."

No. 88. Cowled Bee-eater (juv.).

Watling's note : " Native name Wergan, or a Friar. January.

Birds. 125

Two thirds the natural size ; it is supposed to be a young bird.
It varies from the Klnob-fronted [Bee-eater] in sex or size."
Xo. 89. Golden- winged Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 153.
Merops chrysopterus. Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl. ii., p. xxxiii.
MeUivorous Bee-eater^ Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 166.
Acanihochsera mellivora (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 264.
The oldest name for A. mellivora appears to be yl. chrysoptera
(Lath.), both being founded on Watling's drawings. His notes
are quoted by Latham, as follows : " One half the natural size.
Called from our English people Querrick, from its note. Native
name Wad-de-ur-gaV^

No. 90. Golden-winged Bee-eater, Lath.
Watling's note is : " Native name Qoo-gwar-ruck, Natui-al
size; it Uves on flies, insects, and sucking honey from the
Banksias, etc."

" This genus of Flycatcher are very numerous in N. S. Wales,
and seldom seen but near the seashore, especially about where
the natives resort. It is a most active lively bird, constantly in
action, either sucking honey, taking flies, or contending with
other birds. Two or three of these kind will rout a flock of the
Blue-bellied Parrots, a genus which they are often engaged
with.''

No. 91. Black-eared Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 153.
Meropg auritttSy Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xxxiv.
Watling's note : " Natural size." This is a chestnut-coloured
bird, depicted with a brush-tipped tongue. Otherwise I should
have identified it as a Cinclosoma and probably intended for
C. dnnamomeum. In view of the tongue, however, I consider
that the species cannot be pi-operly identified.

No. 92. Black-and-yellow Bee^ater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl.
ii., p. 154.
Merop8 phrygius. Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv.
Meliphaga phrygia, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 221.
This is the type of Merops phrygim of Latham, who admits
that his description is taken from the " drawings of Mr.
Lambert."

Watling's note : " Natural size."
No. 93. Black-and-yellow Bee-eater.

The colour of the bird in this picture has apparently very
much changed with time, but Latham seems to have had no

126 Zoology.

doubt of its identity with No. 92, and he must have examineci
the drawing in its early days.

Watling's note : " About half the natural size. The lights
tint round the eye is not plumage but a kind of fleshy excrescence,
resembling in substance the gills of a cock or hen."

No. 94. Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 154.
Merops cyanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv.
Ihitomyza cyanotia (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 268.
Latham first described this bird as the Blue-eared Grakle
(Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 130), from a specimen in General Davies'
collection. He afterwards named it Chracula cyanoiis (Ind. Orn.,
Suppl., p. xxix.). He does not seem to have recognised that
his " Blue-cheeked Bee-eater " was the same bird, and therefore
Merops cyanops (Lath.) = Entomyza cyanoiis (Lath.).

Watling's note : " Two thirds the natural size. Native name
Der-ro-gang^

No. 95. Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL ii.,

p. 154.
Watling's note : " One half natural size."

Black-headed QraJde, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.

p. 129.
Oracula melanocephala, Lath., Ind. Orn., SuppL, p. xxviii.
No. 96. Chattering Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 154.

Merops garrulusy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv.
Manorhina garrula, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 260.
The original description was taken from a specimen in General
Davies' collection. Latham does not seem to have recognised
Watling's drawings as belonging to the same species, and bestowed
a new name, cyanopsy upon the bird

Watling's note : " One half the natural size. This chattering
bird often gives notice to the Kangaroo when the sportsmen are
after them. It is pretty numerous, and always at war with
others of the feathered kind. The yellow behind the eye is bare
of feathers, and has just the appearance of yellow Morocco
leather. The general likeness is good."
No. 97. Chattering Bee-eater.
A full-sized picture of Myzantha garrula.
Watling's note : ** Natural size. The iris is doubtful. A
chattering bird and often prevents the sportsman from getting a
shot at the Potrigorang."

Birds. 127

No. 98. New Holland Creeper, White, Journ. N. S. Wales,
pp. 186, 297, pis. 15, 65; Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 161.
Certhia novse hollandisey Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 296.
Mdiomis novse hollandisB (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix.,
p, 253.
This figure is not the type of the species, the birds having
been figured by White.

Watling's note: "Natural size. Native name Bahjonera.
January."

No. 99. Black-eyed Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 165.
Cerikia melanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvi.
Glyciphila fulvifrons (Lewin), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 210.
This is the type of Certhia melanops of Latham, founded on
the "Black-eyed Creeper," of which Dr. Gradow doubted the
identity. There need be no further question, however, on this
point, and the species must be called Glyciphila melanops (Lath.).
Watling's note: "Natural size. A honey bird. A Fly-
catcher."

No. 100. Black-eyed Creeper, variety.

Watling's note : '* Natural size. This bird has a whistling
note and lives on honey, etc."
No. 101. Black-eyed Creeper.

Watling's note : " The same size as the bird the drawing was
taken from."

No. 102. Slender-billed Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 165, pi. cxxix.
Certhia ienuirostrisy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvi.
Acanihorhynchus tenuirostris, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 144.
This drawing is the type of A. tenuirostris (Lath.). Watling's
note: "Natural size."

No. 103. Slender-billed Creeper, female.
Watling's note : " Natural size. This bird lives on flies and
honey ; when flying it makes a singular noise as if the tips of the
wings were beat together under the bird's belly. It hovers over
flowers and extracts honey with its brush tongue."

No. 104. Mellivorous Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 166.*
Certhia meUirora, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvii,
Aeanthochaara mellivoray Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 264.
* C/. fig. 89.

128 Zoology.

Watling's note : " One -half the natural size. Native name
Ooo-gwar-rucJc'*

No. 105. Black-headecl Creeper, Lath., Gen, Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 167.
Cerihia atricapilla^ Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xxxviL
This figure is intended for the bird usually called Melithrepiug
lanulatus (Shaw) ; cf. Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 204. Shaw's name
is adopted by Dr. Gadow, but I cannot reconcile the des-
cription given by Shaw (Gen. Zooh, viii., p. 224, 1811) — with
the "back, wings, and tail cinnamon-brown" — with any species
of MelithreptU8. The name ought to have been dropped on this
account, but it matters no longer, as Latham's name of airi-
4;apilla antedates Shaw's name by ten years.

No. 106. Identified by Latham as his " Black-headed Creeper,"
but it is a very poor representation, the back being brown, and
no sign of the white on the nape.

No. 107. Cochineal Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 167.
Cerihia dibapTut, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvii,
Myzomela sanguinolenia (Lath.) ; Gadow, Cat. B., ix.,
p. xxxvii.
Watling's note : " The natural size." {See No. 108.)
No. 108. Cochineal Creeper.

This is the type of Latham's " Cochineal Creeper," as is
further proved by his adoption, without acknowledgment, of
Watling's note : "A rare bird, only seen in the spring."

C. dibapha is a synonym of 3f. sanguinolenta (Lath.), but
Latham does not seem to have recognised the fact from the
drawings.

No. 109. Sanguineous Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii,
p. 167, pi. cxxx.
Cerihia sanguinohnia. Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xxxvii.
Myzomela aanguinolerUay Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 131.
This is the type of Latham's " Sanguineous Creeper," and I
believe the plate in the second " Supplement " to the " General
Synopsis " to have been taken from Watling's figure.

No. 110. Caprulean Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 169.

Cerihia cserulescens, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xxxviii

Zosierops cserulescensy Sharpe, Cat. B., ix., p. 152.

This is evidently intended for a Zosierops, but the colours

are not very exact. The white eyelid is shown in Watling's

drawing, which is of the " natural size." Latham does not mention

Birds. 129

the white eyelid in his description, which, however, is manifestlj
{oaiided on Watling's picture, which thus becomes the type of
Z, aendewens (Lath.).

No. 111. Agile Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 168.

Certhia agilis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. zxxviii.
Latham's name is not founded on this drawing, which I am
nnsUe to identify. Dr. Gadow apparently did not know of the
osme. The bird is depicted as grey above, white below, with a
bnuh-tongue. Watling says that the bird is of the " natural size."
Na 112. Yellow-winged Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 168.
Cerihia pyrrhopteray Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxviii.
Meliomis australasiana (Shaw); Gadow, Cat. B., ix.,
p. 252.
"Watling's note : " Natural size. The only one of the kind
e?er shot It is a rare bird."

There is no doubt that this drawing is the type of Latham's
"Yellow-winged Creeper," and therefore his name of pyrrhopiera^
vkich Dr. Gadow doubted as belonging to JIf. australasiana of
Sh&w, takes precedence over the latter name, which is founded on
"L'Heoro-Taire noir et blanc" of Yieillot. The species must,
therefwe, bear the name of Meliomis pyrrhoptera (Lath.), unless
this he considered inappropriate for a yellouhwinged bird.
Na 113. Yellow- winged Creeper.

Latham identifies this as the same as No. 112, but it looks
quite different, and has red on the quills, so that it is evident
thit this suggested the name of pyrrhoptera. No black on the
ned[ or wing-ooverts is shown, and I cannot identify the species,
vhich is evidently intended for a Honey-sucker, as the bmsh-
toogae IB carefully indicated.
Watling's note is : " Natural size. A Flycatcher."
No. 114. Hoary Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,

p. 168.
Oerikia eaneBcens, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvii
This IS another brush-tongued bird of a grey colour, with a
li^t pinkish breast. I know of no Meliphagine bird to which
the name could be applied. Watling says that his drawing is of
the "natural size."

Na 115. Yellow-eared Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 169.
Oerihia ekrysoUs, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxviii.
This figure represents PHlotis lewini of Gadow's '< Catalogue,
▼OL. n. K

130 Zoology.

ix., p. 229, and the latter species should, therefore, stand as
P. chrysotis (Lath.).

Watling's note : ** One half the natural size. This bird,
which is not very common in New South Wales, has one single
sweet whistling note. It is very shy and seldom seen, and, as
most small birds in this country, it has a feathered tongue for
the purpose of catching flies, etc., and sucking honey from the
flowers and plants on which most of them live."

No. 116. Missing.

No. 117. Yellow-eared Creeper.

Latham has confused this figure with the foregoing. It
seems to have been drawn from a specimen of Ptilotis ftuca of
Gould. This figure may have been taken from a bird in worn
plumage.

No. 118. Yellow-eared Creeper.

Here again Latham has confounded a very difierent species,
and there can be no doubt, I think, that the bird figured is
not Ptilotia chry satis (M. 115), but is Sylvia chrysops, Lath., Ind.
Om., Suppl., p. liv. (Black-cheeked Warbler — not Honey-eater,
as Gadow quotes it — of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 248).

Watling's note is : " Natural size. This bird has a pleasant
whistling note."

No. 119. Yellow-eared Creeper.

This is also identified by Latham with the foregoing pictures,
but it is evidently meant for a small figure of P. lewini {^P.
chrysotis [Lath.]).

Watling's note is: *'Half the natural size. It is a very
lively bird, sucks honey out of the gum-tree flowers, and catches
flies, insects, etc."

No. 120. Red-rumped Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 169.
Certhia erythropyffia, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xzxviiL
Myzomela sanguinolenta (Lath.)^ Gradow, Cat. B., ix., p. 131.*

This figure represents a young bird, as the scarlet plumage
is very slightly indicated, and is evidently the same as the
Sanguineous Creeper.

Watling gives the figure as of the ** natural size," and says
that it is a " rare bird."

No. 121. Black-eyed Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 181.
Turdus melanopsy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xl.
Ptilotis auricomis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 242.
• C/ figs. 107-109.

Birds. 131

Watling's not© : ** Natural size. The native name of this very
common bird in New South Wales is Dar-wang, It is a very
lively bird, and by us called the TeUouhcared Flycatcher, The
tongue is feathered at the tip for sucking honey, which it is very
fond of. It builds its nest on the pensile branch of some trees
or low shrubs, as I suppose, to avoid the opossum, flying squirrel,
Hards, guana, and birds and mice. The yellow at ears are
tufts of feathers longer than those on the other part of
the head."

No. 122. Black-eyed Thrush.

This figure is the type of the " Yellow-tufted Flycatcher " of
Lstham (Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 215, = Muscicapa auricomUy Lath.,
Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xHx.). The species, therefore, must bear the
name of Ptilotis melanaps {vide mipra, No. 121).

Watling's note : " Half the natural size. Native name
Dor-iwn^."

No. 123. Doubtful Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 182.
Turdus dubiu8f Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xl.
SUiira inguieta (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 407.

This is the type of the " Doubtful Thrush/' which has been
correctly referred to S, inquieta by many writers. Watling's
iKyte : " The same size as the bird the drawing was taken from."

No. 124. Lunulated Thrush, Lath.,Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,p. 184.
Turdus lunulatWf Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl.. p. xlii.
Geocichla lunidatay Seebohm, Cat. B., ▼., p. 155.

The figure is taken from a bird which has apparently lost most
of its tail-feathers, so that it is impossible to state whether the
characters for the species are as stated by Mr. Seebohm (/.c,
p. 149). It is a good figure of an Oreocichla, and is the type of
0. /vrnJoto (Lath.). According to Watling's note, it is of the
"natural size."

No. 125. Yellow-bellied Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 187.
JSirdus melinuSf Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xliv.
SerieuluB melinust Sharpe, Cat. B., vi., p. 395.

** Watling's note : " Natural size. Sexual differences. May."

The only bird for which this figure could be intended seems
^meiohe Spheeoiheresflaviventrisy Grould, but this species has not
& red bill, and does not occur in New South Wales. At any rate,
the figure is not exact enough for me to recommend the supersession
of Qould's name.

Watling's figure is, of course, the type of Turdus melinus of

K 2

132 Zoology.

Latham, a name universally applied to the Regent Bird {Sericuhu).
This it certainly is not, and the name must be dropped, and the
latter species called Serieulus chrysocephalus (Lewin).

No. 126. Pale-cheeked Honey-eater, Lath. [MS.] ; id,, Gen,
Hist. B., iv., p. 167 (1822).
Manorhtna melanophrys (Lath.) ; Gadow, Gat. B., ix., p. 259.
This is undoubtedly the same as No. 149 {vide infra), the
latter figure being the type of M, melanophrys (Lath.).
Watling*s note : " Natural size. November."
No. 127. Coach Whip Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 222.
Muacicapa crepitans, Lath., Ind* Om., Suppl., p. li.
Paophodea Cretans, Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 350.
This is the type of Latham's « Coach-Whip Flycatcher." He
annexes Watling's paragraph on the note of the bird, but says
that the native name is " Djow."

Watling's note is as follows : '^ One-half the natural size. Native
name Wan-nang, This bird, from a single note resembling the
crack of a coachman's whip, is called the Coach-Whip Flycatcher."
No. 128. White-crowned Honey-eater, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen.
Hist. B., iv., p. 169 (1822).
Meliomia auatralasiana (Shaw), Gadow, Cat. B.,ix.,p. 252.
Watling's note : " Very numerous and common in New South
Wales. Native name Balganera, Half the size of nature."
No. 129. White-naped Honey-eater, Lath. [MS.]; id,, Gen.
Hist. B., iv., p. 168 (1822).
Melithreptua lunulatus (Shaw), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 204.
Watling's drawing is of the " natural size."
No. 130. White-naped Honey-eater, Lath. MS. (&«No.l29.)
Watling's note : " Natural size. A male bird. December."
No. 131. White-naped Honey-eater, Lath. MS. (5'«e No. 129.)
Watling's note : " Natural size. It is a lively little bird ;
frequently contends with small Parrots for flowers. March."
No. 132. White-crowned Honey-eater, Lath. [MS.]; Gen.
Hist. B., iv., p. 169 (1822). {See No. 128.)
Blue-eared Grakle, Lath., G^n. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 130

(founded on a description given by General Davies).
Oracula cyanotia. Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxix.
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL ii,

p. 154.
Merops cyanops. Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xxxiv.
Blue-cheeked Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 184.

Birds. 133

Turdu8 cyanoua [cyaneu8\j Lath., Ind. Om., SuppL, p. xlii.
Eniomyza cyanotis (Lath.), Gadow, Gat. B., ix., p. 268.
A poor figure, but it can only be referred to E, cyanotis,
which Latham has described under several names.

Watling's note : " Half the natural size. The yellow or
willow-green about the eye is entirely bare of feathers, resem-
bling much yellow morocco leather. The white on the vertex
fonns a crescent, with its concave side towards the bill ; the
dark feathers from which to the bill are very short and thin, and
of a deep lead colour. The belly and feathers of the tail about
the vent are white, except just under the lower mandible, where
thej are of a deep lead colour for about Ij^ inches running down
the breast. It has only one shrill whistling note, which it is
constantly repeating. It hops' like the Magpie, has a feathered
tongue, catches flies and insects of every kind, on which it
principally lives, and I am rather inclined to think sometimes
kills and eats small birds, from its attacking a Warbler I one day
pot into the cage where I kept it for some time after being
wounded. This bird is very rare, and the only one seen."

No. 133. Mustachoe Flycatcher, Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 221.
Muscicapa mysiacea. Lath., Ind. Cm., Suppl., p. Ii.
Ptilotis auricomiSf Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 242 {vide mpra,
no. 121).
Watling gives the following note : ** Two thirds the natural
size. This bird is often seen contending with small Parroquets.''
No. 134. Black-cheeked Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 248.
Sylvia ehryaopSf Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. liv.
Ptilotis chrysops, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 236.
This is the type of Sylvia chrysops of Latham.
Watling's note : ** Half the natural size. It has a brush
ue, and is a lively little bird; it lives a good deal on

No. 135. The Flycatcher.

Watling's note : '' One third of the natural size. It has a
feathered tongue." This is a brown bird, whitish underneath,
Imt I am unable to identify the species.

No. 136.

Watling's note : " Half the natural size of the bird this
drawing was taken from." This has received no name from
I^tham, as in the case of the preceding. I cannot identify the

134 Zoology.

species, the figure not having the bill of a Honey-eater, thoug!
is represented with a brush-tongue.
No. 137.

Watling's note : " Honey-eater. Natural size."
No. 138.

Watling's note : " Honey-eater. Natural size."
The two figures, 137, 138, represent some small specie*
Passerine bird, but I have not been able to identify them.
139. Dirigang Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 16(
Certhia leucophma^ Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvi.
Climacteris acandena (Temm.), Gadow, Cat. B., \
p. 337.
This figure is the type of Latham's " Dirigang Creeper,"
Dr. Gadow has wrongly identified the species. The bird wl
he calls CUmacteris scandens of Temminck is the true C. leucap
(Latham), and (7. leucophsea, Gadow (Cat., p. 336), nee Lath
should stand as C. picumnusy Temm. [Cf, Hellmayr, Ti<
18. Lief., Paridce, etc., p. 224 (1903).] Mr. Hellmayr rig]
points out that Strickland and others were wrong in assigi
Latham's name of letieophsea to C, picumnus, but he did
succeed in identifying Latham's description, and places
Certhia leucophsea among the doubtful species of Meliphaga,

Watling's note : " Half the natural size. Native name 1
gong, A small Woodpecker of New South Wales."

No. 40 (no. 1). Black-breasted Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. S
Suppl. ii., p. 222.
Muscicapa pecioralisj Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. li.
Pachycepkala gutturalis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ^
p. 192.
Latham writes : " This species is found at New South Wi
in April." The figure is the type of M, pectoralis of Latl
which, in strict priority, takes precedence of his Turdus guttur
and the species should be known as Pachycepkala pecta
(Lath.).

Watling's note : " Natural size. April."
No. 140 (no. 2). Guttural Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl
p. 182.
Turdua gutturaltSy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli.
Pachycepkala gutturalis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ^
p. 192.
Latham says : *' Inhabits New Holland ; not unfreque
seen at Port Jackson in the winter months." Watling's not<

Birds. 135

"Natural siae. The yellow is much brighter than the bird
sapposed to be a female of no. 1, and a very rare bird, never seen
before in the cold or winter months."

Xo. 141. Prasine Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 183.
TvLrdus praainus^ Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli.
Fackycephala gfUturalis (Lath.), Gadow, Gat. B., viii.,
p. 192.
This figure is probably intended to represent a young male of
P. ^Mtralis. The dark spot under the eye, mentioned by
Latliam, is the first indication of the approach to the adult
plumage of the male.

Watling^s note : " Natural size. December."

No. 142. Appears to be the some bird in slightly different

plumage and placed in another position.
Watling's note : " The natural size of the bird this drawing
Wig taken from. December."

No. 143. Volatile Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 183.
Turdus volitans, Lath., Lid. Cm., SuppL, p. xli.
Sisura inquieta (Lath.), Sharpe, Gat. B., iy., p. 407.
This figure represents the same bird to which Latham has
applied the names of " Restless Thrush," << Doubtful Thrush," and
"Flycatching Thrush."

No. 144. Brown-crowned Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.
p. 184.
Turdus ienehroauSf Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlii.
Ariamus sordidus (Lath.) ; Sharpe, Gat. B., xiii., p. 19.
Hus figure represents the young of the Sordid Thrush,
Twdus sordidu8f Lath. As the name appears on an earlier
page than T. sordidus, it must take precedence, and the species
nmst be called Artamus tenehrosus (Lath.).

Watling says that the figure is the natural size.
No. 145. Blue-cheeked Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 184.
Turdu8 cyanou8 [cyaneus], Lath., Lid. Orn., Suppl.,

p. xlii.
Entamyza cyanotia (Lath.) ; Gadow, Gat. B., viii., p. 268.
Watling's note : " Two thirds the natural size. The blue part
round the eyes is bfure of feathers and resembles a soft silky
leather."

No. 146. Blue-cheeked Thrush.
A larger figure of the same bird.

136 Zoology.

Watling's note : " The natural size. This rare and curious
bird has a singular whistling note. It is often seen pursuing
smaller birds. The general likeness is good and is a strong
copy."

No. 147. Sooty Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 185.

Turdua /ulig%no8U8f Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlii.
This name is not quoted by Mr. Seebohm, but there can be
no doubt but that it is the Norfolk Island Thrush ( = the Ash-
headed Thrush of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 373). In this
volume of Watling's drawings there are pictures of miLTHTna>l«
and birds from Norfolk Island, showing that he had been there.
The name of Menda poliocephala (Gould) must give way to that
of M. fidiginosa (Lath.).

No. 148. Blue-headed Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl ii,
p. 185.
Turdus cyanocephalua, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliiL
It is difficult to say what this figure is intended to represent.
I know of no bird from New South Wales anything like it.

Watling's note : " Natural size. It is an uncommon bird. We
know nothing of its habits, etc.''

No. 149. Black-browed Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl ii,
p. 185.
Turdus melanophrysy Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl, p. xlii
Manorhina melanophrys^ (Jadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 259.
This drawing is the type of Latham's description of the Black-
browed Thrush, Manorhina nielanophrys (Lath.).

Watling's note : *' The tongue is short and very brushy.
Native name Dill-ring"

No. 150. Flycatching Thrush, Lath., Gten. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 185.
Turdua musticolay Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl, p. zliii.
Sizura inquieta (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 407.
This species has been described by Latham four times under
different names.

Watling's note : '' One half the natural size. Native name
Barra Well-WelV

No. 151. Maxillary Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 186.
Turdus maadllariSf Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl, p. xliiL
Sphecotheres maxillaris (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii, p. 224.
Watling's note : " The natural size of the bird the drawing
was taken from. December."

Birds. 137

Na 152. Sordid Thrash, Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 186.
TurduB sordidug, Lath., Lid. Om., Suppl., p. xliii.
Artamus wrdidus, Sharpe, Gat. B., xiii., p. 19.
This iigure is the type of Latham's description of the Sordid
Thrash, Artamus sordidua (Lath.).

Watling's note : " Natural size. Native name Ooo-1e-bee.^'
No. 153. Frivolous Thrush, Lath., Qen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 186.
Turdus frivolusj Lath., Ind. Oni., Suppl., p. zliii.
PofRatorhtnus temporalis (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Gat. B.,
viii., p. 418.
This figure is the type of Latham's description of the
Friroloiis Thrush. The species should in future bear the name
d Pomatorhinus frivolus (Lath.).

Watling says that his figure is of the natural size.
The white tips to tail feathers are not given in the figure,
as they were in P. temporalis, but there is no doubt as to the
species.

No. 154. Short-winged Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 187.
Turdus hraehtfpterus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliii.
Sphenura hrachypteray Sharpe, Gat B., vii., p. 104.
This drawing is the type on which Latham founded his
description of the Short-winged Thrush, Sphenura hrachyptera
(Lath.).

Watling's note : " Natural size. This is a ground bird with
very small wings and very short flight."

No. 155. Variable Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 250.

Pipra versieolora, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ivi.

? Chalcoeoecyx plagosus (Lath.), Shelley, Gat. B., xix., p. 297.

Watling gives the following note : " Almost the natural

■«. This bird is of very short flight ; its food moths, flies, and

other insects. The largest interior feathers of the tail are of a

dark stone colour barred with white."

No. 156. Bearded Thrush, Lath. [MS.] ; id., Gen. Hist. B., v.,
p. 129 (1822).
^PiUotis eassidix (Jard.), Gadow, Gat. B., ix., p. 243.
Watling's note : " Natural size. December."
No. 157. Grey-headed Thrush, Lath. [MS.] ; id., Gen. Hist. B.,
v., p. 118 (1822).
= Harmonic Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 182.

138 Zoology.

Turdua harmonicus, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xli.
Colhjriodncla harmonica (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 29(
Watling's note : " This is a solitary bird. It has a melodion
note not unlike a Thrush, but it does not warble.''
No. 158. Thrush.
Watling's note : " Natural size."
No. 159. Thrush.

Watling's note : " One third of the natural size.'
No. 160. Thrush.

Watling's note : " Natural size. Native name Ooo^ang-a-ga,
No. 161. Thrush.

Watling's note : " Natural size. A ground bird and of ver
short flight."

No. 162. Thrush.
Watling's note : " Natural size."

No. 164. Black-lined Grosbeak, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.
LoQcia helltty Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlvi.
Zanseginthua hellus, Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 293.
This figure is the type of Latham's description of the Blacl
lined Grosbeak, Zoneeginthus heUus (Lath.).

Watling's note : " Native name Wee-hong. Natural size, tl
only one yet seen. May."

No. 163. Nitid Grosbeak, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL, p. 19
pi. cxxxi.
Loxia nitida, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xlvii.
Zoneeginthus bellua (Lath.).
This figure is the type on which Latham based his descriptic
of the Nitid Grosbeak. It = Zoneeginthus hellua (Lath.).
Watling's note : " Natural size. June."
No. 165. White-headed Finch, Female, Lath., Gen. Syi
Suppl. ii., p. 210.
Fringilla leucocephaloy Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. xlviii.
Staganophura guttata (Shaw), Sharpe, Cat. B., xii
p. 292.
Watling says : " Two thirds of the natural size."
No. 166. Temporal Finch, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 21
Fringilla temporalis. Lath., Ind Om., Suppl., p. xlviii.
JEgintha temporalis (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 372
This figure is the type of Latham's description of the Temper
Finch, JEgintha temporalis (Lath.).

Watling says the " Native name is Goo-lung-ag-ga. It is
very common bird in New South Wales, easily domesticated, an

Birds. 139

of a lively disposition even when in a cage, and in a day or two
it is easily reconciled."

Latham says : " Several drawings of birds probably allied to
this have come under our observation. In one of them the bill
is crimBOQ, a broad streak of the same over the eye, and the rump
and vent crimson also ; the crown rather full of feathers ; the whole
of the upper parts of the plumage and tail, beneath greenish white,
with a slight reddish tinge on the breast ; tail short. In another
the bill was pale red, the streak over the eye and rump crimson ;
tail short as in the other ; the plumage above greenish brown
beneath cinereous white.

"For these I am indebted to the drawings of General Da vies,
and in those of Mr. Lambert I have remarked a third, in which
the upper parts were green, the under greenish white ; bill, streak
over the eye, and rump crimson ; but differed from the others in
having the tail much longer."

All these said to inhabit New South Wales.

No. 167. Temporal Finch.

Watling writes : " One third larger than the natural size."

No. 168. Temporal Finch.

Watling says that the drawing is " natural size," and gives
the native name as Beroo-gnan.

No. 169. Red-bellied Flycatcher.

Petroeca leggei, Sharpe, Cat. B., Brit. Mus., iv., p. 165.

Nob. 170 and 171. ? Fetrceca multicolor.

No. 172. ? Petrceca rosea.

Nos. 169^ , 173 9 , 1749 . Petrceca leggei.

No. 175. Southern Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 219.
Mu9cicapa auatralisy Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. 1.

Na 176. Rufous-fronted Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn
SuppL ii., p. 220.
Mfueicapa rufifrons^ Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. 1.
Bhipidura rufifrons (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 319.

This and the following figure are the types of Latham's
<i€8cription of the Rufous-fronted Flycatcher.

Watling gives the following note : '* One-half the natural size.
This bird is of very short flight and found among brush, rotten
^ood, and long grass."

Latham says : " Inhabits New South Walesy where it is known
ty the name of Burril : has hitherto only been met with in
November."

140 Zoology.

No. 177. Rufous-fronted Flycatcher.

Watling gives the following note : " Natural; size. Native
name Burril. November."

No. 179. Crimson-bellied Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn.,
Suppl. ii., p. 221.
Muscicapa coccinigastra, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. 1.
Watling says : " Natural size. The only one of this kind
yet seen."

Latham writes : " Inhabits New South Wales : specimens of
this species are scarce."

No. 180. Black-cheekedFlycatcher,Lath.,Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 221.
Muscicapa barhata, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. Ii.
Sericomis dtreogularis (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 302.
This figure is the type on which Latham based his description
of the Black-cheeked Flycatcher {Muscicapa harhata). The species
will, therefore, in future have to take the name of Sericomis
barhata (Lath.).

Watling gives the figure as of natural size and the month
of July.

No. 182. Grey Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 223.
Muscicapa flavigastra, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. lii.
Eopsaltria australis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 176.
Watling gives the figure as : " Natural size."
No. 183. Rose-breasted Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn.,
Suppl. ii., p. 223.
Muscicapa rhodogasira, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lii.
Petroeca multicolor (Gm.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 168.
This figure is evidently a drawing of the female of P. miiW-
color, the male being represented on plate No. 170.

Watling says : " This bird is from Norfolk Island," and gives
the figure as of " Natural size."

No. 184. Soft-tailed Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 224, ex Shaw.
Muscicapa malachura, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. lii.
Stipiturus malacrurus (Shaw), Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 100.
Watling gives the figure as: '* Natural size, and the native
name JIf ar-re-a-nera."

No. 185. Soft-taUed Flycatcher, Lath. (Female).
Watling says : " This the natural size. The bird is of a very
short flight, seldom exceeding an hundred yards at most. It is
so feeble and delicate as to be run down with the utmost

Birds. 141

Native name Mereangeree. From a resemblance of the feathers
dtiietail (when in flight seems too heavy for the body) to those
(^theCasuary in New South Wales, and denominated the Emu,
or Gasoarj Titmouse."

No. 186. Soft^tailed Flycatcher, Lath. (Male).
No. 187. Orange-rumped Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn.,
Suppl. ii., p. 225.
Jftwocopa melanocephala^ Lath., Lid. Orn., Suppl., p. lii.
Malurua melanocephalus (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 296.
This figure, which is the type of Latham's description of the
Oraoge-romped Flycatcher, is a young male of Malurus melano-
eepkkt (Lath.).

Watliog says the figure is the " natural size."
No. 188. Orange-backed Flycatcher, Lath. MS.

= Orange-rxunped Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn.,
Suppl. ii., p. 225.
llus figure represents the adult male of Malurus melano-
ctpkio^j fig. 187.

Watling says : '^ Qu. if not the other sex of the Orange-
romped. See drawing 187. Natural size. Native name (?)."
No. 189. Scarlet-breasted Flycatcher, Lath. MS.

Peiroeea phcenicea (Grould), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 166.
Watling's note : " Half the natural size. Native name
Karreet. This domestic little bird frequents fields and gardens,
as does the Robin in England, and it is called the Robin of New
Soath Wales and Norfolk Island, where it is still more numerous
than in New South Wales. This is a male ; the female's breast is
ol a much paler colour, and the back, head and tail, instead of
bemg nearly black, is a brown."

No. 190. Pied Flycatcher, Lath. MS. ; id.. Gen. Hist. B., vi.,
p. 207 (1823).
= Petrceea bicolar (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv.,
p. 173.
This drawing must have been intended for P. hicohr, though
it is not a correct figure.

Watling's note : " Half the natural size.''

Na 191. Barred-tailed Flycatcher, Lath. MS. ; id.. Gen. Hist.

B., vi., p. 221 (1323).
Watling says : *' The wings are too small for the body. It is
found in the grass and a bird of short flight. Natural size."
No. 192, New Holland Lark, Lath. MS. ; id.. Gen. Hist.
B., vi., p. 307 (1823).
UnAus australi${yig.And Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B.,x.,p. 615.

142 Zoology.

Watling says the figure is two thirds the natural size and
gives the name of New South Wales Lark.

No. 193. New Holland Lark, Male, Lath. MS. {See No. 192.)
Anthus auatralia (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Gat. B., x.,
p. 615.
Watling gives the following note : " Natural size. It is the
Lark of New South Wales. Only seen in the winter.'*
No. 194. New Holland Wagtail, Lath. MS.

Bhipidura albiscapa (Grould), Sharpe, Gat. B., iv.,
p. 310.
Watling gives the following note : " Natural size. It has the
air and actions of a Wagtail."

No. 196. Streaked Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 247.
Sylvia aagittatay Lath., Ind. Cm., Suppl., p. liv.
Chthonicola sagittata (Lath.), Sharpe, Gat. B., vii., p. 290.
This figure is the type of Latham's description of the Streaked
Warbler.

Watling gives the following note : " Natural size. This bird
sings remarkably well."

No. 197. Streaked Warbler, Lath.

Watling's note is as follows: "Female. Natural size.
March."

No. 198. Streaked Warbler, Female, Lath.
Watling says that his figure is one half the natural size.
No. 200. Ghaste Warbler, Latham, Gen. Syn., SuppL ii.,
p. 249.
Sylvia casta, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Iv.
Watling says the figure is the natural size.
No. 201. Whitetailed Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 249.
Sylvia leucophsea, Lath., Ind. Cm., Suppl., p. Iv.
Microcca fascinans (Lath.), Sharpe, Gat. B., iv., p. 123.
Watling says : " One half the natural size. This little bird
follows the gardeners and workmen, picking up worms, etc. It
is very familiar."

No. 202. Ruddy Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL,p. 249
Sylvia ruhricata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Iv.
Cacomantis flahelliformia (Lath.), Shelley, Gat. B., xix.
p. 266.
No. 203. Ruddy Warbler, Female, Lath., Gen. Syn.,
Suppl. ii., p. 249.
Sylvia ruhricata, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. iv.

Birds. 143

EcfsaUria australis (Lath.), Gadow, Gat. B., viii., p. 176.
Wailing gives thefoUowing note : " Native name Thadagnan.
The almost natnral size. This is a very common domestic bird
D0t nnlike the Robins in Europe."

No. 204. Swallow Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 250.
Syhia hirundtnacea, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Iv.
Diaeum hirundinaceum (Shaw and Nodder), Sharpe, Gat.
B., X., p. 19.
No. 205. Swallow Warbler, Lath.

Watling gives the foUowing note : *' The natural size. This is
a scMce bird and well resembled, and the only one we have yet
seen ; the blue feathers on this bird are of a beautiful changeable
blue."

No. 206. Grimson-breasted Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn.,
Suppl. ii., p. 250.
Sylvia rubricollis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Iv.
Watling gives the following note : " Native name Bood-dang.
Natural me"

No. 207. Grimson-breasted Warbler, Lath.

Watling says : " Natural size."

No. 208. Bonnet Warbler, Lath. MS. ; mJ., Gen. Hist. B., vii.

p. 135 (1823).
Watling says the figure is of the " natural size," and that it
is "a rare bird."

No. 209. Giliary Warbler, Lath. MS. ; id.. Gen. Hist. B., vii.,
p. Ill (1823).
Zoirierops candeacens (Lath.), Sharpe, Gat. B., ix., p. 152.
Watling gives the following note: "One half the natural
size. This little bird is the only one of the kind ever seen ; the
white round the ciliary process of the eye is composed of the
most beautiful small white feathers. The pride and vanity of
the draughtsman has induced him to put his name to all the
drawings, but should you publish them I think the name may be
left; oat."

No. 210. Ciliary Warbler, Lath. MS. (See No. 209.)
Watling's note: "Three fourths of the natural size. The
insisdoubtfuL"

No. 211. Speckled Manakin, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 253.
Pipra punctaUi^ Lath., Lid. Grn., Suppl. p. Ivi.
Pardahhu pundaiuB (Shaw and Nodder), Sharpe, Gat. B.,
X., p. 58.

144 Zoology.

No. 212. New Holland Manakin, M. and L., Suppl. ii., p. 253.
PardcUotus punctaius (Shaw and Nodder), Sharpe, Gat. B.,
X., p. 58.
Watling's note : ** Half the natural size. Allied or female to
Speckled Manakin.''

No. 213. Variety of the New Holland Manakin, Lath. MS.
No. 214. Gserulean Manakin, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. il,

p. 254.
Natural size.
No. 215. Black-eared Manakin, Lath. MS. ; id,, Gten. Hist.

B., vii., p. 242 (1823).
Natural size.

No. 216. Needle-tailed Swallow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii-,
p. 259.
Hirundo caudacuta, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ivii.
Chmtura caudacuta (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 472
This figure is the type of Latham's description of the Needle
t;iiled Swallow.

Watling gives the following note : '^ This bird, about half th9
natural size, seems to possess, in a great measure, the qualities of
a Swallow. Its motions are amazing quick, eager of its prey,
which it seizes with the rapidity of lightning. Its favourite
food is a large locust, which at this season is plentiful. It is
strongly pounced (as a bird of prey), and has a broad flat bill—
the tail quills armed with spikes as sharp as a needle."

No. 217. New Holland Swallow, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL ii
p. 259.
Hirundo padfica^ Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Iviii.
JtftcropfM jpoct^ctw (Lath.), Hartert, Gat. B., xvi., p. 448.
This figure is the type of Latham's description of the New
Holland Swallow.

Watling says : '^ This the supposed female of No. 1."
No. 218. New Holland €k)at8ucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl.
ii., p. 261.
^gotheUs nova hollandia (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., zvi.,
p. 651.
No. 219. Banded Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL iL,
p. 262.
Oaprimulgus pittatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Iriii.,

pi. 136.
Mgotheles novm hoUandim (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi.,
p. 651.

•Birds. 145

Watling says : '' Two thirds the natural size. Musquito Hawk*
July."

No. 220. Strigoid Goatsucker, Lath., Q^n. Syn., SuppL ii.,

p. 262.

CaprimulguB atrigaides, Lath., Ind. Om., SuppL iL, p. Iviii.

PodarffU8 strigoidea (Lath.), Hartert, Gat. B., xvi., p. 63L

This drawing is the type of Latham's description of the-

Strigoid Goatsucker.

Watling says the " native name is Birreagalf** and the figurer
is "one half the natural size. July."

No. 221. Great-headed Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl.
il, p. 263.
Caprimulgus megaeephalus^ Lath., Ind. Cm., SuppL, p. Iviii.
Podargm strigoides (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 631.
No, 222. Gracile Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 263.
Caprimulgus gracilis^ Lath., Ind. Om., SuppL, p. Iviii.
Podargus atrigoides (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 631.
Watling says the " native name is Poihbook. Half the natural
lize. An excellent likeness."

No. 223. Bristled Goatsucker, Lath. MS.; id., Gen. Hist.
B., vii., p. 342 (1823).
MgoiheUs novse hoUandise (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi.,
p. 651.
Watling says : " Natural size, the same as the bird the drawing
▼as taken from. March."

No. 225. White-faced Pigeon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 268.
Cdumba melatwleuca, Lath., Ind. Om., SuppL, p. lix.
Leucosareia ptcata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxL, p. 607.
Watling says : '' One-half the natural size. Native name
OiHilgcmg, Dec., 1792."
No. 226. Pale Pigeon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 270.
Cdumha paUida, Lath., Ind. Orn., SuppL, p. Ix.
Lophohemus aniarcticua (Shaw), Salvad., Cat. B., xxi., p. 235.
Cf. Hartert, Nov. ZooL, xiL, p. 217 (1905).
Although this figure is very incorrect, I am inclined to think
^t it is intended for Lopholsemus antarcticua,

Watling says : " About one fourth the natural size. New
Sonth Wales."

No. 227. New Holland Quail, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL ii., p. 283.
Perdix auatralis, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl.^ p. Ixii.

▼OL II. L

146 Zoology^

Syncecus australis (Lath.), Grant, Cat. B., xxii., p. 247.
This drawing is the type on which Latham founded his
description of the New Holland Quail.

Watling gives the following note : " Natural size. July. It
flies like a Quail, and in its habits much resembles that bird."
No. 228. New Holland Jabiru, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL,
pp. ^94 and 295, pL cxxxviiL
Mycierta auatralis, Lath. Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixiv.
Xenorhynchua asiaticus (Lath.), Sharpe, Gat. B., xzvi.,
p. 310.
Watling says : " In height 5 • 7^."
No. 230. New Holland Crane.

Antigone australasiana (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii.,
p. 265.
No. 231. Caledonian Night-Heron, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii.,
pt. i., p. 55 [male].
Nyctioorax ca^dontcu^ (Gm.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxYi.,p. 158.
No. 232. Caledonian Night-Heron [female].
No. 234. The Bittern, a variety.

Botaurus pceciloptilus (Wagl.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi.,
p. 258.
No. 235. White-bellied Heron, Latham MS. ; li. Gen. Hist.
^ B., ix., p. 101 (1824).

Ardetta pusiUa (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 234.
This figure no doubt is intended to represent the young of
Ardetta pusiUa,

Watling says : " This bird frequents marshes. It is a rare
bird."

No. 236. Little Bittern, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 301.
Ardetta pusilla (Vieill,), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 234.
Latham appears to have noticed that the Australian bird
was diflerent from the European, as he writes on this drawing as
follows : "A variety of Little Bittern if not new. See drawing
above. No. 237."

Watling gives the follow^iiig note: "Half the natural size.
Native name Oo-ning-nah"

No. 237. Little Bittern, variety. Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 301.
Ardetta pwilla (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 234.
Watling gives the following note : " December. Half the
natural size of the bird the drawing was taken from ; the neck is

Birds. 147

longer, but this is his general attitude. Native name Duralia ;
foand in marshes or moist ground.

No. 238. Pacific Heron, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 305.
Ardea pacifica. Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixv.
Noiophoyx pacifiea (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi.,
p. 111.
This figure is the type of Latham's description of the Pacific
Heron, Notophoyx pacifiea (Lath.).

No. 239. Common Curlew, variety, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii.,
pt. i., p. 120.
^tmeniuB cyanopus (VieilL), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 350.
Wailing gives the following note : *' Near the natural size of
the English Curlew ; the native name Oaarlarr-re-hingJ*
No. 240. New Holland Curlew, Latham MS.

Umosa navse zealandise (Gray), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p. 377.
Watling says : ^* One fifth the natural size."
No. 241. New Holland Snype, Lath., Gen. Sen., Suppl. ii.,
p. 310.
Scohpax australis, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. Ixv.
Gallinago australis (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 652.
Watling says : " Half the natural size."
No. 242. Wattled Sandpiper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 313.
Tringa lobata, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. Ixv.
Lobivanellus lobatus (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 139.
Watling gives the following note: "Three quarters of the
nataral size. It is a rare bird, sometimes, though seldom, to be
met with on the flats going to Parramatta. Native name

No. 243. Wattled Sandpiper, Lath. {See No. 242.)
Watling gives the native name as *' Ban-ne-re-ra"
No. 244. Brown-eared Sandpiper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.
p. 314.
Tringa aurita, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixvi.
Heteropygia acuminata (Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p. 566.
Watling gives the following note : " Two thirds of the natural
^ This bird frequents the sea shore and moist places, but are
by no means numerous."

No. 245. Grisled Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 320.
Ckaradrius griseus^ Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixvii.

L 2

148 Zoology.

CharadriuM dominieus (P. L. S. Mfill.), Sharpe, Cat. B.,
xxiv., p. 195.
Watling says : ** One half its natural size. It was shot oo
the sea-shore."

No. 246. High-legged Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL ii,
p. 319.
Charadriu8 graUaritis, Lath., Ind. Om., Suppl., p. IxvL
Burhinus grallarius (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. £., xxiv., p. 18.
Watling says : ** This bird measured thirty inches."
No. 247. Sanderling, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL, p. 315.

Calidris arenaria (Linn.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 526.
Watling says: '<A kind of Sand or Shore Lark, not very
numerous. Native name WaddergaV*
No. 249. Crescent Plover, Lath. MS.

Erythrogonya cinctu8 (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p. 125.
Watling gives the following note : " Half the natural siae ; the
only one of the kind ever seen at Port Jackson."

No. 250. Crescent Plover, Lath. MS. [See no. 249.]

Erythrogonys C4«o^m« (Gould), Sharpe, Cat.B.,xxxiv.,p. 125.
No. 251. Great-billed Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,p. 319.
Charadi'iua magniroatriaj Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixvi
Burhinus grallarius (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 18.
Watling gives the native name as Woal-Woo-a,
No. 252. Bridled Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 320.
Charadrius frsenaius, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixvii.
Burhinus grallarius (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 18.
Watling says : " One third of the natural size."
No. 253. Brown Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL, p. 320.
? lAmonites ruficolUs (Pall.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. -545.
Watling gives the following note : " One fifth the natural
size. This is a water bird, though put on a perch."
No. 254. New Holland Oyster-catcher, Lath. MS.

Hsematopus longirostris (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p. 112.
Watling says : *' Seldom seen in more than pairs. It is a very
solitary bird. Native name Booming."

No. 255. New Holland Oyster-catcher (variety of the Pied
Oyster-catcher), Lath. MS.; id,. Gen. Hist. B., ix-
p. 359 (1824).
Hsematopus longirostris (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.
p. 112.

Birds. 149

This figure is taken from a young bird.

Wailing gives the following note : '* This is a recluse and
solitary bird, being never found in more than pairs. It has but
one simple plaintive tone which it never varies. The drawing is
about one fourth the natural size. This appears a variety of the
Red Bill, which is the common name it goes by here, or it is a
jouDg one, full plumage, for most others have had the legs as red
as the bill. It frequents the sea shores and lives on spawn and
joong fish, both shell and others, which gives the flesh a fat, of
which it has a great share. It is a strong fish of an oily flavour ;
both the flesh and fat are very high coloured, particularly the
latter, which is mostly red and very abundant, as before noticed.
It is naked or bare of feathers one third up the thigh, its toes are
more fleshy and thick than sea-birds' in general, and are a little
way connected by a web or membrane in so much that they may
be called palmated. Native name Boo-aning or Bao-ming"

No. 256. Blue-necked Rail, variety. Lath. MS.; tU, Gen.
Hist. B., ix.. p. 377 (1824).
Porzana palustris (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 109.

Watling gives the following note : *^ The natural size. The
spar or hook near the pinion cannot in common be seen, but in
the drawing it is separated from the feathers where they can
conceal it."

No. 257. Dark Rail, Lath. MS.; id., Gen. Hist. B., ix., p. 378
(1824).
Tabuan Rail, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., part i., p. 235.
Porzana tahuensU (Gm.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 111.

Although Latham had himself described the " Tabuan Rail,"
he apparently did not recognise this figure, which is evidently
inttnded to represent the same species.

Watling says: "A bird of Norfolk Island. Natural size.
December."

No. 258. White Gallinule, complete. Lath., (Jen. Syn.,
Suppl. ii., p. 327.
Notomis alba (White), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 208.

Watling's note is as follows : ** One third its natural size.
This bird is of Howe Island, and when young was entirely black,
frwn that to bluish-grey, and from that to an entire white. This
M feeds itself with its feet like a Parrot."

No. 259. Three changes of the White Gallinule.

Watling's note is as follows : " Three stages of this bird taken
^ Lord Howe's Island before it arrives at maturity."

150 Zoology.

No. 260. Black-jointed GaUinule, Lath. MS. ; id. Gen. Hist.
B., ix., p. 427 (1824).
Parphyrio melanonotua (Temm.), Sharpe, Cat. £., xxiii.,
p. 205.
Watling gives the following note : " Native name 6foo4a-
war-ring. Reduced by scale to half the size of the bird the
drawing from. A.ugiist. A rare bird ; frequents swamps."
No. 261. Black-jointed Gallinule, Lath. MS.
Watling says : " One third the natural size. November."
No. 263. New Holland Grebe, Lath. [MS.], Gen. Hist., x.,
p. 33.
Podicipes novm hollandiw (Stephens, ex Lath.), Grant,
Cat. B., xxvi., p. 519.
On this figure Latham founded his description of the New
Holland Grebe {Podicipes novm hoUandiw), Stephens gave the
Latin title, from Latham's description.

Watling says : " One fifth of the natural size. Native name
Mag-a-ger"

No. 265. American Avocet, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., part i.,
p. 295 (part).
Becurvirostra novm hollandim (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B.,
xxiv., p. 333.
Watling says : " 22 inches from the extremities. This bird
is found along the shores of the sea coast."
No. 266. American Avocet, Lath.
Watling says : " Native name Antiqwiiich.^^
No. 267. American Avocet, Lath.

Watling's note : '* The natural size. This is a rare bird ; only
been seen on some lagoons. A species of the Avocetta."
No. 269. White Albatross, Lath,

Watling says : " The bird this drawing was taken from was
caught some distance from the entrance to Port Jackson
at sea."

No. 270. Crested Tern, Lath.

Watling's note : " One fifth of its natural size. The female."
No. 270. Caspian Tern, var. B, Lath., Gen, Syn., iii, pt. ii,
p. 351 (1785).
Crested Tern, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 101.
Sterna criatata, Stephens, Gen. Zool., Aves, ziii., pt. i.,

p. 146 (1826).
Sterna hergii (Licht.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 89.
This drawing is the type of Latham's description of the

Birds. 151

Crested Tern, which, according to Mr. Howard Saunders, is
sponjmoiis with S, hergxi^ Licht.

Wailing says : " One fifth of its natural size. A female."

No. 271. Caspian Tern, variety B, Lath.

flfeffia hergii (Licht.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 89.

Watling says : *' One fifth of its natural size. A male. It
Utcs on small fish. Native name Ger-ra-ger-ra"

No. 272, Caspian Tern, Lath.

Watling says : " Half the natural size of the bird which this
drawing was taken from."

No. 273. Greater Tern, Lath.

Watling says : '< Half the natural size, and seldom see but
one in the hottest summer weather."

No. 274. New Holland Tern, Lath. [MS.], Gen. Hist. B., x.,
p. 103.

Sterna hergii (Licht.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 89.

This figure is the type of Latham's description of the New
HoUand Tern and Sterna novm hollandisBy Stephens, which =
8. herffii according to Mr. Howard Saunders.

Watling's note: ''This almost half the natural size, and a
pretty good resemblance, with this exception — only the bill not
just 80 much bent."

No. 275. Pacific GuU, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 332.
Larus pacijicui, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. Ixviii.
Gabianus pacijicus (Lath.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 297,

This figure is the type of Latham's description of the Pacific
Onll, Gahianus pacificus (Lath.).

Watling says : " Native name Troo^ad^ill"

No. 276. Pacific GuU, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 332.

Watling says : " Half the natural size. A large grey Gull."

No. 277. New Holland Crimson-billed Gull, Lath. [MS.],
Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 145.
Larus novse hollandise (Stephens), Saunders, Cat. B., Brit.
Mus., xxv., p. 235.

This figure is the type of Latham's description of the New
Holland Crimson-billed Gull, on which Stephens founded the
name of Larus novee hollandidB,

Watling says : " Reduced by scale to half the size of the bird
which the drawing was taken from."

No. 278. New Holland Crimson-billed Gull, Lath. MS.

Watling says : " One-sixth of the natural size."

No. 279. New Holland Crimson-billed GuU, Lath. MS.

152 Zoology.

Watling says : " Natural size. April. Native name ZWnci
rang. Not a very common bird in New South Wales."

No. 280. Norfolk Island Petrel, Lath., Gen. Sya., Suppl. ii«
p. 334.
Pujffinus cMororhynchus (Less.), Salvin, Cat. B., xzv.
p. 372.
This figure is, in my opinion, intended to represent Pii^fitiJ
ehlorarhynchus, Less., to which it bears a very strong resemblance.
If I am correct in this supposition, the *' Norfolk Island Petrel "
of Latham cannot be referred to the (Estrelaia negleda (Schl.)
as has been suggested in the Catalogue of Birds (xxv., p. 412).

Watling writes : '* Norfolk Island Petrel or the Mutton bird,
in full feather."

No. 281. Norfolk Island or Fuliginous Petrel, Lath., Gen.

Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 334.
This is the figure of a young bird of the same species as
No. 280.

Watling says : " Norfolk Island Petrel or Mutton bird, in
second or middle state."

No. 282. Fuliginous Petrel, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii.,
p. 334.
Pujfinus ienutraatrts (Temm.), Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 388.
This figure, which in general appearance is darker than Nob.
280 and 281, with dark bill and feet, I am inclined to think is
intended for Puffinus ienuirosiria (Temm.).
Watling says : " A Norfolk Island bird."
Na 283. Black Swan, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iL, p. 343.
Anas airata. Lath., Ind. Orn., ii., p. 834.
Chenopsis atrata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxvii., p. 4L
Watling says : <' The Black Swan, the size of an English
swan. Native name Ifytyo."

No. 284. Black and White Goose, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl.
ii., p. 344.
Anas melanoleuca, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. Ixix.
Anseranus semipalmata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxviL,
p. 44.
Watling says: ''This bird is about the size of a goose.
Native name Bur-ra-j/en-ne.*'

No. 285. Hawksbury Duck, Lath., Gen. Syn., SuppL iL,
p. 358.
Anasjmbata, Lath.« Ind. Om.. Suppl., p. Ixix.
Ckenoneiia jnbata (Lath.). Sal\-ad., Cat. B., xxviL, p. 140.

Birds. 153

Watling says : " This species of Duck is found at Hawksbur j ;
sometimes perching."
Xo. 286. Hawksbury Duck, Lath.

Watling writes: "Half the natural size. This is the only

Duck of this kind ever seen. May."

No. 288. Semipalmated Duck, Lath., G«n. Syn., Suppl. ii.,

p. 347, pi. cxxxix.

Anas temipalmata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. bdx.

Anseranus semipalmaia (Lath.), Salvad., Gat. B., xzvii.,

p. 44.

Watling says : " This bird is about the size of our native

Wild Goose. They are generally found in flocks and sometimes

perching upon high trees. It has been observed by the man

vho sometimes shoots these birds that, in opening some of them,

but not all, the wind-pipe formed several beautiful circum-

Tolntions on the breast under the skin before it entered the

thorn. An officer lately has opened one and confirms the truth

of the sportsman's observations. It is called by us the New

Sooth Wales €k)ose, Palmated, instead of being web-footed,

because its manner as well as taste and flavour resembles that

bird more than any other. The contour or general likeness is

bere rery well observed. I have been informed that at times

their note is tuneful and melodious, which appears probable from

tbe conformation of the wind-pipe, if that singular circumstance

is true. I have now a man out attending a pond where they

most frequent, in hopes of getting one for dissection. They have

only lately been observed and shot, principally on a pond near

the Hawksburgh River. January 2nd, 1794. Native name

KwHil-gang"

No. 291. New Holland Penguin, Lath. [MS.], Gen. Hist., B.,
X., p. 388.
Spheniscus navse hollandim, Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool.,

xiii., pt. i., p. 68.
Eudyptila minor (Forster), Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 646.
This drawing is the type of Latham's description of the New
Holland Penguin, on which Stephens founded the name Spheniscus
w» loUandim, Both of these names will now become synonyms
rf Eudyptila minor (Forster). Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, when writing
^ *' Catalogue of Birds," was unable to identify the New
Holland Penguin from Latham's description. (Cf. Cat. B., xxvi.,
p. 625, note.) Watling says : " Native name Gur-roo-muL One-
^th of the natural size ; the only one yet seen in Port Jackson."

154 Zoology.

No. 292. New Holland Pelecan, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x.,
p. 402.
[White Pelecan, variety. Lath., G«n. Syn., iii., part 3,

p. 575.]
Pelecanus australis, Stephens, Gen. Zoo!., xiii., pt. i.,

p. 113.
Pelecanus conspicillatus (Temm.), Grant, Cat. B., xzvi.,
p. 483.
Although reference is given on the plate to Latham's Gen.
Syn., iii., p. 575, Latham must have noticed that it was a new
species, as he gives a description in his "Greneral History ot
Birds," and quotes the native name, which is on the plate.
Watling says : " Native name Karr-ang-a^Hi,^^

No. 293. [Lesser Gannet, variety. Lath., Gen. Syn., iii.,
part 2, p. 611.]
Lesser Gannet, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 437.
Sula Candida, Stephens, Gen. Zool., xiii., pt. i., p. 103

(1826).
Sula aerrator, Gray, "Erebus and Terror," Birds, p. 19
(1845) ; Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 428.
Watling says : " One-fourth the size of nature. Native name
Doo-ro^ang"

Latham in his "General History of Birds," x., p. 438, writes:
" The Lesser Gannet is also found in New Holland, and called
by the natives Doo-ro-dang"

No. 294. [Young Tropic-bird.]

New Holland Tropic Bird, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x.,

p. 448.
Phaeton melanorhynchosy Stephens, Gen. Zool., xii., pt. i.,

p. 127.
Phaeton ruhricauda (Bodd.), Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 451.
Watling says : " From the extremity of the bill to the tail is
eighteen inches."

No. 295. Red- tailed Tropic-bird, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., part 2,
p. 614, pi. cv.
Phaeton ruhricauda (Bodd.), Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 451.
Watling says : " This bird is from the tip of the bill to the
rump eighteen inches, and from the rump to the end of the tail-
feathers eighteen inches."

Birds. 155

After the date of Latham's << Synopsis/' the Trustees began
to issue descriptive guides to the collections under their
charge.

A "Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum" was
pablished as a sort of guide-book to the collections; it was
printed by Cox and Baylis, of 75, Great Queen Street, but
appears to have been an official publication of the Trustees.
Many editions were issued, of which the one printed in 1808
is the earliest which we possess in the Greneral Library of the
Natural History Museum.

This Httle '* Synopsis " tells how Sir Hans Sloane's Museum
ind Library (which, he says in his will, had cost him £50,000)
were offered, at his death in 1753, to the British Government,
who had the first refusal of the collections, for £20,000. An
Act of Parliament was passed in that year sanctioning the
purchase, and vesting the property of the Museum in Trustees,
for the use of the public. A table of contents of the Sloane
Museum, given in this little work, is intended to afford some
idea of the extent of the purchase, but the exact numbers
are not absolutely guaranteed. There were, however, stated to
be 50,000 volumes of books, MSS., and prints, and 23,000 coins
and medals; the ''Quadrupeds and their parts," 8186; the
"Birds and their parts, eggs and nests," 1172, etc.

In addition to the Cottonian Library, and other purchases
and bequests, the Harleian Manuscripts were also bought, the
Trustees assuming the management of these priceless treasures of
the nation, and the title of the British Museum was bestowed
upon the National Collection, while a Lottery was authorised by
Parhament, in order to raise the funds for their recent purchases,
to secure a home for the collections, and to provide for the
pennanent support of the establishment. £95,194 8«. 9(2. was
the sum brought in by the Lottery.

The history of the Museum, as given in the " Synopsis," is
continued : —

"The first act of these Trustees was to provide a proper
hoflding for the reception of the ample collections confided to
their care ; and after various proposals, they at length fixed upon
the noble mansion, built about the year 1680 by Ralph, first
I^oke of Montague, who, being at that time Ambassador at
Paris, sent over French artists for erecting and adorning the
<^ce he had in contemplation. This palace, together with its

156 Zoology.

gardens and appurtenances, occupying in the whole an area of
seven acres and twenty perches of land, was ceded by the
representatives of the Montague family for the moderate sum of
£10,000."

** The necessary repairs (which, the house liaving stood long
empty, proved very expensive) were immediately proceeded
upon ; and the proper book-cases and cabinets having been
completed, and the collections rempved thither and properly
distributed and arranged, the Museum was at length opened for
study and public inspection, on the 15th of January, 1759.
Besides the £20,000 paid for the Sloanean, and the £10,000 for
the Harleian Collections, and £10,000 for Montague House, the
sum of £28,663 158. was laid out in the purchase of £30,000
Three per cent. Reduced Annuities, and appropriated to the
maintenance of the establishment ; and the remaining
£26,531 Zs. '2d. raised by the Lottery scarcely sufficed to defray
the expenses of repairs, cases, furniture, removing the collections,
and various other incidental charges."

From such small beginnings did the great Zoological Depart-
ment develop into its present position.

A history of Montague House is to be found in Timbs'
" Romance of London." The original house was burnt down in
January 1686. The second house was variously described as a
'* mansion " and as a " palace." It must have been splendidly
built to have borne the weight of some of the exhibits, such as
fossils, meteorites, etc., on the upi>er flooi*s. The "Synopsis" of
1808 gives us some idea of the building, which was surrounded
by gardens and a high wall ; and a picture, with plans of the
various rooms, is to be found in Edwards' " Lives of the Founders
of the British Museum," 8vo, 1870. When the present British
Museum replaced Old Montague House, in 1845, the gardens
were done away with and the outer wall abolished, being
replaced by the iron railings and the smooth lawns of the
present day.

In the old days the procedure of those visiting the Museum
was as follows : —

^* On entering the gate of the Museum a spacious quadrangle
presents itself, with an Ionic colonnade on the south side, and the
main building on the north [it measured 216 feet in length and
57 in height to the top of the cornice] ; the two wings being
allotted for the dwellings of the officers. The architect, Peter

Birds. 157

Poget, a native of Marseilles, and an artist of the first eminence
in his time, was sent over from Paris by Ralph, first Duke of
MonUgae, for the sole purpose of constructing this splendid

The ground-floor consisted of twelve rooms, and was devoted
to the Library of Printed Books, to which " strangers were not
admitted, as the mere sight of the outside of books cannot
ooQTey either instruction or amusement."

"The companies, on being admitted, according to the
regolations," says the " Synopsis " of the year 1808, " are
immediately conducted up the gpreat staircase, the decorations of
vhich have been lately restored. The paintings on the ceiling,
repreaenting Phaeton petitioning Apollo for leave to drive his
chariot, are by Charles de la Fosse, who in his time was deemed
one of the best colourists of the French school, and of whom
there are many valuable performances in France, amongst which
are the paintings on the cupola of the dome of the Invalides,
vhich are ranked among the admiranda of Paris. The land-
10^ and architectural decorations are by James Rousseau,
whose particular skill in perspective has at all times been held
in high estimation."

** From the great staircase strangers are conducted into the
first room of the upper storey, containing a miscellaneous collec-
tioQ of modem works of art, from all parts of the world. The
ceiling of this room, representing the Fall of Phaeton, is painted
I7 La Fosse."

On this upper floor were twelve rooms (see " Synopsis," p. 4).

Boom J. was devoted to modern works of art. Boom II, was

"empty" in the year 1808, its contents having been removed

into other apartments upon the transfer of the collections of

Antiquities into the neto building.

Booms III., IV., v., VI, and VII. were occupied by the
collections of Manuscripts.

The Saloon seems to have been unutilized for exhibition-cases
at that time, but it must have been a fine room. We read in the
same "Synopsis" (p. 15) : — "The dome of this grand apartment
was painted by the above-mentioned La Fosse. It has generally
been described as representing the Apotheosis of Iris ; Walpole,
in his "Anecdotes of Painting," deviates still further from
the truth by naming the subject the Apotheosis of Isis ; but
the most probable conjecture is that the painter meant it to
exhibit the birth of Minerva, that goddess fully attired being the

158 Zoology.

most prominent figure. Jupiter is immediately above her ; and
about him are three female figures with stars over their heada,
administering to him, one of them pouring nectar, or some
healing ointment, upon his head. On one side of Minerva ia
Vulcan, and close to him Cupid with an axe in his hand ; on the
other side is Mercury, seemingly starting to announce the happy
tidings on earth. The other heathen divinities surround this
group in admiration of the event ; and in a lower compartment
opposite the chimney are the Vices expelled from heaven on the
manifestation of Wisdom. In the six medallions near the
corners of the room are figured some of the principal achieve-
ments of Minerva. In the first, over the door of the MS.
DepaHment, she is assisting Perseus in cutting off the head of
Medusa ; in the second she, with some of the Muses, presides
over harmony; in No. 3 she kills a Uon (an emblem of her
valour) ; in No. 4 she assists Jupiter in fighting the Titans ; in
No. 5 she contends with Neptune about the naming of Athens ;
and in No. 6 is figured the fable of Arachne metamorphosed by
her into a spider. Between these mededlions are groups of
winged boys, emblematically alluding to their several employ-
ments, to arts, sciences, commerce, and war.

**The landscapes and architectural decorations are by the
same J. Housseau who painted in the staircase ; and the garlands
of flowers are by John Baptist Monoyer, the most eminent flower
painter of his time."

Over the chimney is a full-length portrait of King George II.
by Shackleton, and in the middle stands a table, composed of a
variety of lavas from Mount Vesuvius, presented by the Earl of
Exeter.

Boom VIIL contained the Mineral collections, Boom IX. the
Petrifactions and Shells, Boom X. Vegetable productions and
Zoophytes, with Insects, Shells, etc., many being spirit specimens.
The Birds were to be found in Boom XI., disposed, so far as
convenience would admit, according to the Linnipan mode of
arrangement, viz., into six great divisions or orders, the separa-
tions of which were marked by white lines between each. Some
birds, however, on account of the large size of the cases in which
they were contained, could not conveniently be stationed in their
proper orders, and were therefore disposed on the upper part of
the general divisions.

The Birds were classified under the headings of AcdpitreSf
Picae, AnsereSf Grallxj Qallinm, and Passeres. Those selected

Birds. 159

for particular notice were a young Adjutant, which was

described as " a young Hazgil, or Giant Crane, from India, which,

wboi full grown, is by far the largest of all the Heron tribe " ;

okher birds were the " Argus Pheasant, from Sumatra, the Black

or Crested Curasso-bird, the Shining African Thrush, the Long-

dhafted Croatsucker from Sierra Leone, etc."

" Some birds, on account of their inconvenient size, could not
lie admitted into the general assortment. Of these the most
lemarkable is the Cassowary, an Indian bird which some ornitho-
kigists place among the Orallmy others among the OaUina, and
others in a particular division distinct from both."

The following interesting account of the painting of the Dodo
fellows on p. 47 : — " We must not omit a curious picture, executed
loDg ago in Holland, of that extremely rare and curious bird the
Dodo^ belonging to the tribe OallinsBj and a native of the island
of fioarbon. The picture was taken from a living specimen,
brought into Holland, soon after the discovery of the passage to
the East Indies by the Cape of Grood Hope, by the Portuguese.
It was once the property of Sir Hans Sloane, and afterwards of
the celebrated ornithologist George Edwards, who presented it to
the British Museum." It is undated, but is probably one of
wveral painted by Roelandt Savery between 1626 and 1678.
(QT. Newton, Diet. B., pp. 157, 158.)

There were two table-cases in this Room XI., one containing
oestB, *' amongst the most curious of which are several hanging-
QflftB, chiefly formed by birds of the Oriole tribe ; nests of a
nuJl species of Asiatic Swallow, resembling isinglass in substance,
and considered as a great delicacy by the Chinese, who use it in
preparing a rich soup called bird-nest soup ; two nests of a small
bird called the Taylor-bird, composed of leaves sewed together ;
hills of various rare birds, of which the most remarkable are
aereral kinds of Rhinoceros-birds' bills, quills, feathers of the great
Sooth American vulture called the Condor, a leg of a Dodo, in a
glaaa." ((7/. Newton, /.c.)

On the second table were deposited a variety of eggs and
nests, among them those of the Ostrich, Cassowary, Crocodile, etc.
Mammals were in ''cases between the windows," the Black
Onrang Outang in a young state, the Chestnut Ourang Outang,
in a young state, a long-tailed Macauco, etc. '* In other parts of
the room were to be found the 'Sea Otter, the Musk, from
Thibet,' the 'Vampyre, or Great South American Bat,' the
^PhUfpus atuUinus^ or Duck-bill ' (by some called Omithorhynchus

160 Zoology.

paradoxus), from New Holland, the most singular of all quad-
rupeds, a large Antelope, etc."

^oom XIL was the spirit-room of the time, with "Fishes,
Serpents, Lizards, Frogs, etc., as well as many specimens of Quad-
rupeds, preserved in spirits."

The edition of the '* Synopsis" published in 1813 follows the
plan of the earlier 1808 edition, and the arrangement seems to
have differed but very slightly during the five years which had
elapsed. The Ground Floor was still given up to the Printed
Books, and on the Upper Floor Room II. was " appropriated to
the use of readers," as well as Rooms III. and IV., which con-
tained Manuscripts, as did Rooms V., VI. and VII. The Saloon
still remained unoccupied, but was to receive the Mineral collec-
tions ; and the contents of Rooms VIII., IX., X., XI., were the
same as in 1808, with nothing particular added to the collection
of Birds.

Two years later (ed. 1815) only the second Room on the
Upper Flopr was assigned for the use of readers, but the Greville
Collection and the rest of the minerals had now been transferred
to the great Saloon. Room IX. still held the collection of Shells,
but the Birds were now housed in Room X., and the account
of the cases was given more fully than before. Thus we read
(p. ^9) : — '* The Birds are arranged after the system of Linneus.
The most interesting part of the collection of Birds, serving to
exhibit the general arrangement of the animals of that class, are
contauied in cases round the room."

Nos. 1—4. "Accipitres, rapacious birds or birds of prey,"
amongst them being '*a singular variety of the Pondicherry
Eagle," etc., and the Calif ornian Vulture. This was the type of
Vultur califomianus of Shaw, who was Keeper of the Zoological
Department at the time. This specimen is extant in the
Museum to-day.

Nos. 5 and 6. The u^er shelf contained the Homed Owls, etc. ;
second shelf: the Spotted Shrike, the Black and Yellow Shrike,
with other birds of that genus ; third shelf: Thrushes and Orioles,
amongst which the Yellow-crowned Thrush, the Spendent [i.a
Splendent] Thrush and the Black-crested Oriole are the moat
remarkable. The lower shelf: the Cape Coly, Nutcracker Crow,
Cornish Chough, etc.

No. 7. Upper shelf: The Sanguineous Paradise Bird, Abys-
sinian Hornbill ; second shelf: various species of Grosbeaks and
Sparrows; third shelf: Warblers, Flycatchers, and Larks; fourik

Birds. 161

Mf: Swallows and Goatsuckers, amongst which that rare
species, the Sierra Leone Goatsucker, is the most curious.

Na 8. Upper shelf: Toucans, the Smooth-billed Pogonius,
Bftrbets; second shelf: White-bellied Coucal, Variegated Coucal,
liBthamian Coucal, Cuckoos ; third shelf: Woodpeckers ; fourth
Adf: Woodpeckers, Kingfishers, and Jacamars.

No. 9 contains the Columbine birds or Pidgeons, the most
eonspicuons of which are the Crowned Pidgeon and the Green
EdgeoQ of Africa.

Nob. 10 and 11. Upper shelf: Small African Bustard, Argus
Phetsant; second shelf : the Ring Pheasant; third shelf: varie-
ties ol the Common Pheasant, the tail of an unknown species [!] ;
hwerthelf: the Pencil and Golden Pheasants, the Jangle Cock
of India, which some have supposed to be the original stock from
whence our domestic fowls have sprung.

Nob. 12 and 13. Upper shelf: Horned Screamer, Wood
Groose, etc. ; following shelves : various species of Partridges,
Groose and Quails, amongst which the Lineated Partridge, the
Streaked Partridge, the Tufted Quail, and the Crowned Quail are
the moBt iuteresting. On the lower shelf is likewise a specimen
of the Pintado, from Africa, in its wild state.

Nob. 14 and 15. The Adjutant Crane, Tiger Bittern, Night
Heron, Boatbill, Tufted Umber, and the White and Rose-coloured
Spoonbills, etc.

Nob. 16 and 17. Upper shelf: Scarlet Curlew, the conmion
African Curlew, etc. ; second shelf: Long-legged Plover, Scarlet
I'lamingo, etc. ; third shelf: African Snipe, varieties of the Ruff,
a Ruff in its young state, and the Reeve, which is its female, etc. ;
lower shelf: Spur- winged Jacana, American and common Avoset,
etc

Nos. 18 and 19. Upper shelf: Great Northern Diver, several
varieties of Darters, etc.; second shelf: Etherial Tropic-bird,
Term, etc. ; third shelf: Ducks, amongst them the Lobated Duck
from New Holland is the most remarkable ; lower shelf: different
^)ecieB of Merganser.

^ No. 20 contains some curious nests and eggs of birds ; the
Soap-nests, formed by two species of Swallow ; the nest of the
Tajlor-£ird, etc. ; in the lowermost division is deposited the
nppoaed 1^ of the Dodo, etc."

The remaining cases, Nos. 21 to 58, were devoted to the
In?ertebrata (Shells, Crabs, etc.).

Such was the report on the collection of Birds in 1815. We
VOL. u. M

162 Zoology.

learn also from the same guide-book or " Synopsis " that the
ornithological series, consisting chiefly of the Sloanean specimens,
was ** insensibly becoming retrograde in its comparative value ;
in order to supply the former of these deficiencies, the Trustees
being, in the year 1769, informed that a large collection of stufied
Birds, in uncommon preservation, had been brought over from
Holland by a person of the name of Greenwood, who, having for
a time exhibited them to the public, became desirous to dispofie
of them at a reasonable price, they readily availed themselves of
the opportunity and purchased the whole for the sum of £460.
Many additions were afterwards made by purchases and donations ;
and the aggregate soon formed, not indeed a complete, but an exten-
sive and curious a collection as any perhaps at that time extant."

It will be noted by the ornithologist who knows anything of
the commencement of the Bird-collection in the British Museum,
that no particular mention is made in the foregoing account
of any specimens obtained by Captain Cook and Sir Joseph
Banks during their voyages round the world ; and yet it seems
likely that some specimens had been given by Sir Joseph Banks,
who is included in the list of those Trustees who were often
Donors ; but ornithological specimens were apparently not among
his gifts at that time.

The account of this gi*eat naturalist is as follows : — " To the
list [of Trustees who were donors] must be added the name of
the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., K.B., who, after his
return from his circumnavigation, deposited at difierent times in
the Museum numerous collections of natural and artificial curiosi-
ties from the newly discovered islands in the South Seas, which,
with considerable additions since made by the Admiralty,
Captain Cook, and other officers who had performed similar
distant and perilous voyagas, form now a very conspicuous part
of the Museum. Among the many donations of various kinds
which Sir Joseph Banks has since bestowed, and still con-
tinues to confer upon the establishment, we must not omit to
mention a large sot of Icelandic books, both printed and manu-
script, which he collected in a voyage he made in the year
1772 to that island. Nor can the public be uninformed of the
indefatigable zeal he has ever displayed in his endeavours, as
a Trustee, to advance the honour and advantages of this Institu-
tion, which, together with his many other exertions for the
benefit of science, must ever rank him among her best friends
and strenuous promoters."

Birds. 163

Room VIII. contained further Mineral exhibitionB, and
Ro(»n IX. was devoted partly to Geology and to the Inverte-
bnU, with a very perfect specimen of the skull and horns of
the Irish Elk on the walls. Room X. contained the Bird
collection, which has been described above, and also Crustacea,
Anehnides, Insects, etc., while the collection of Mollusca waa
inanged in table-cases in the centre of the room.

Boom XI. held the Quadrupeds, among them the Black
Onnuigoatang and the Chestnut Ourang-outang, both in a young
lUte, a large Antelope, a small ditto, etc., while on the walls
were cases containing Sword-fish, etc.

Room XII. was the spirit-room of that day, and had Reptilia
and Fish in spirit, as well as many Mammals.

We are informed in the " Synopsis " (p. xv) that " the original
boilding being by no means sufficiently spacious for the reception
of this and the Egyptian collections. Parliament has from time
to time voted sufficient supplies for the purpose of erecting an
additianal edifice, which is now completed, and a magnificent
collection of ancient sculpture is at length opened for the
inspection of strangers as well as for the improvement of artists,
an advantage which the students in the tine arts have never
before enjoyed in this country." The collection of Antiquities
oecapied thirteen rooms, the Portland Vase being exhibited in
tlie ante-room to Room XII.

The next edition of the " Synopsis " in our library at the
Natural History Museum is the fourteenth, printed by Richard
and Arthur Taylor, Shoe Lane, in 1818. The "Introduction"
was now omitted from the " General Guide," but it could be
obtained from the messenger at the Museum.

Considerable modifications seem to have been made in the
arrangement of the different collections. The ground floor is
itill devoted to the Printed Books, but on the upper floor the
1st Room is devoted principally to Ethnology. The articles of
dress and weapons from the South Sea Islands must have been
0H)6tly from Cook's voyages and Banks' donations, though the
i^ is not stated.

Room II. (for the use of readers) is now " empty." Rooms
IIL-VII. do not appear to have been altered, and contained the
Manuscripts. The " Saloon " is still devoted to the collection of
MioeraJs, of which a full account is once more given, with certain
improvements and italicisation, and a plan of the *' order of the
W>le cases in the Saloon." An '^ Alphabetical List of the

M 2

164 Zoology.

Minerals is also given, with references to the Table Cases and th
Diagram/' by which anyone could refer without difficulty t
specimens exhibited.

In this year we find that the Birds have been moved t
Room YIII. The classification has been changed, and the wal
space seems to have been more ample, as the collection of Bird
and nests occupied only thirteen <:;ases, instead of twenty. Tb
<x)llection of Mollusca occupied table-cases on the floor of thi
room as before, and the Echtnoderma, Star-fishes, and some CoraL
were also in table-cases in this room.

Boom IX, was filled with Geological and PalieontologicB
specimens, and Boom X with the " British Oryctogno6ti<
Collection," or British simple mineral substances.

Boom XI. is to be *^ appropriated to British Zoology," and i
at present under arrangement.

The spirit collection and the stufied Mammals, which wer
housed in Rooms XI. and XII. in the previous Synopsis, are nc
mentioned in the edition of 1818.

The '* Synopsis " of 1819 is almost a reprint of the previoi
edition, and it is curious that in neither of these editions is an
reference made to the purchase of Colonel Montagu's Britif
collection, acquired by the Trustees in 1816. It must have bee
this collection which required Room XI. for its exhibition, az
in 1819 we find that the arrangement of the British Birds ws
completed, and in the cases between the windows were to 1
placed the spirit-specimens of Reptiles, Fishes, eta Tl
'* Synopsis" by this time has grown in size, as the oollectioi
increased and were more minutely described, and the 15i
edition had risen to 162 pages instead of 92 pages as in tl
previous year.

The Uth edition, of 1818, and the 17th edition, of 18!
(printed by Richard and Arthur Taylor, Shoe Lane), vary h
little from the preceding ones, but the descriptions of the vario
collections are improved in many instances. Four years later,
1824, the size of the '* Synopsis " has been somewhat increase!
it was printed by G. Woodfall, Angel Court, Skinner Strec
The arrangement, however, is the same, and the Second Room i
the Upper Floor, which was empty in 1820, now contai
" miscellaneous objects under arrangement." In the Third Rooi
the Lansdowne Library of Manuscripts, acquired in 1807, is n
yet finally arranged, the same announcement having been ma
four years before. The collection of Minerals in the Salo<

Birds. 165

ippears to have been increased somewhat, as the plan of the
TaUe^aises shows an addition of two to their number.

In Boom YIII. the order of the Birds is once more slightly
dumged, and some additions have been made since the last
** Synopsis," such as the ^^ Manura^^ from New Holland, and the
Aigos Pheasant. The " Scarlet Curlew " of previous editions is
Dov correctly called the ''Scarlet Ibis." Dr. J. E. Gray was
appdnted assistant in the Zoological Department in 1824, and a
cboge in the classification and arrangement in the Mollusca in
the Bird-room appears to have taken place.

Booms IK. and X. contained Petrifactions and the British
Orjctognostic collection.

fiooM XI. The British Birds are housed here, and the
eoUection of eggs is arranged along with the birds, in separate
jJMg& cases, their numbers corresponding to those affixed to the
Doonted specimens. Cases 23 and 24 contain nests, windpipes,
and other parts of various British Birds. An '' Alphabetical
list of the English names of the Birds in this room " is also
printed.

The 23rd edition of the << Synopsis," 1826, is almost a
Terfaatim reprint of that of 1824 (also called the 23rd edition),
« &r as the natural history collections are concerned.

The next edition of the '* Synopsis " in our Museum Library
is that of 1832 (twenty-sixth edition), and the book has now
grown to be a small volume of 236 pages, being again printed
bj 6. Woodfall, Angel Court, Skinner Street. C. Konig was
Keeper in 1832, and J. E. Gray and G. R. Gray were both
UBstants. This ''Synopsis" shews a great improvement in
deicriptive work, and the collections have been much advanced,
pwticiilarly as regards the Mammalia, many additions from
Sir E. Parry's Arctic voyages being recorded.

On the first landing-place of the great staircase are a Musk
Ox, from Melville Island, and a Polar Bear, "procured in the
lite Arctic expeditions, and presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty." On the upper landing are a male and female Giraffe,
or Camelopard, from South Africa, presented by W. J. Bur-
cfaell, Esq. ; a Great Seal, said to be from the north-west coast of
Britain, and an Ursine Seal, presented by Capt. Fitzroy, R.N.

In this account of the Museum attention is drawn to the
virions ethnological collections presented to the nation by
Captain Cook and Sir Joseph Banks, whose names are specially
OMotioned as donors, as well as that of Mr. Archibald Menzies.

166 Zoology.

Rooms II., III. and IV. are devoted to the Sloanean ai
Banksian collections of Plants, and to Sir William Smitl
collection of English Fossils, '* arranged according to the stra
in which they were found."

Rooms v., VI., VII. were occupied by Sir Joseph Ban!
Library, with some cabinets of Insects in Room VI.

The Birds have been removed from Room VIII. to Room XI
the place of the birds being taken by ethnological specimens.

The Saloon is now occupied by the collection of Mammalia,
which appears, as a curiosity, " a Mule-whelp between the Idi
and Tiger, born at Atkins* travelling menagerie at Windsoi
In Room IX. are stated to be portraits of Sir Hans Sloane, t
founder of the collection of Natural History, and an origii
picture of John Rae, one of the earliest and most illustric
of scientific British Naturalists. The latter is now in t
Natural History Museum. In the same room are deposited t
collections of Amphibious and Invertebrate Animals, preserv
in spirits, and the overflow of large Mammals from the Saloc
The Batrachia and Crustacea, with other Invertebrata, were a)
exhibited, many of them in spirits.

JBoom X. contained the collection of Reptiles in spiri
Tortoises, Crocodiles, etc. A full description is given of the
collections (pp. 47-68). " In the Table Cases, in the centre
the room, are arranged the Collection of Foreign Radiat
Animals."

Moom XI. is now dedicated to the general collection of Fi
and Crabs, and the table-cases contain the remainder of t
Radiated Animals.

Boom XIL is now the home of the Bird collection, arrang
in glazed cases, with the collection of Shells in table-casi
There are 42 cases for the Birds, instead of 22 as in 1826.

The Royal collection of books having now been receive
there appears to have been a "Long Gallery" above t
"King's Library," and to this the collection of Minerals iw
transferred.

The series of native Birds, of which Dr. Leach had publish
a catalogue in 1816, was chiefly composed of the Monta^
Collection, and even at the time when I succeeded Greor
Robert Gray, the British collection mainly consisted of t
Montagu series.

Two years later the 28th edition of the " Synopsis " (1834) gi^i
evidence of continued progress in the natural history coUectioi

Birds. 167

Beside the Giraffes on the first landing was now a River Horse,
or ffippopotamus, from South Africa. The contents of the
Tuioos rooms were much as before, but Room XII. is given over
to the British Collection of Birds and their eggs, shells, etc.
The general series of Birds is exhibited in Room XIII.

No striking alteration in arrangement of the Birds is shown
in any of the following: 29th edition (1835), 31st (1836),
Mid (1837), 36th (1838), 38th (1839). In 1840, however, when
Sir Henry EUlis was Principal Librarian, and Dr. John Edward
Gray was Keeper, considerable changes have been made. The
42nd edition of the " Synopsis " is now a bulky little volume of
370 pages, and the descriptions of all the collections are much
enlarged, and we find the names of Darwin, Riippell, Burchell,
and other well-known explorers, whose collections have con-
tribnted to the increase of the series. The Saloon contained the
Mammalia, both the mounted specimens as well as those in
^t being in ''upright glazed cases round the room, the
smaDer in those between the windows, and the Bats in shallow
eaaes affixed to the others." Shells, Corals, Insects, and Crustacea
were "arranged in a series in the table-cases of the several
rooms."

Boom IX. had additional stuffed Mammalia, as well as
ipirit^pecimens, Reptilia, Mollusca, etc., and in Room X. was
the collection of Reptilia in spirits, with a full account of them,
and a table of their classification, doubtless the work of
Dr. J. K Gray himself. The mounted collection of Fish, as
▼ell as the specimens in spirits, occupied Room XI.

The " Northern Zoological Gallery " had apparently not long
been finished, as Sir Henry Ellis, in his introduction, describes
the additional buildings and galleries gradually ordered by the
Government for the large collections as they were purchased or
presented. In 1823, on "the donation, of liis Majesty King
G«orge IV., of the library collected by King George III., the
Govenunent ordered drawings to be prepared for the erection of
an entire new Museum, a portion of one wing of which was to be
occopied by the recently acquired library. This wing, on the
OKtem side of the then Museum Garden, was finished in 1828 ;
uid the northern, and a part of the western compartment of a
projected square, have since been completed. The Townley
Gallery at present joins on to the centre of the western
compartment ; and Montague House, the old building of the
Hoseam, continues to form the general front."

168 Zoology.

In the Northern Zoological Gallery, separated into five rooms,
were all kinds of lower animals — Sponges and Corallines in the
table-cases of Room I., Echinoderma, Holothurians, Star-fishes,
etc., in Room II., Radiated animals, Zoophytes, etc., in
Room III., Insects and Crustacea in Room IV., and " Annuloee
animals " in R Jom Y. Considerable information concerning the
objects in all these rooms is given, with tables of classification :
all this was doubtless Dr. Gray's work.

In the '^ Eastern Zoological Gallery " was the collection of
mounted Birds, the British species being distinguished by a
letter " B " printed at the end of the pedestal. The account of
the bird-collection is also very full, with a tabular classification
at the end. This part of the guide was certainly written by
C^rge Robert Gray. Down the Bird-Gallery were the table-
cases containing the Shells.

The Mollusca were personally under the charge of the Keeper,
who with Mrs. Gray arranged the collection. A very full
description, with a table of classification, is given by Dr. J. E.
Gray of this portion of the collection.

The 43rd edition of the " Synopsis," published in 1841, is
again a bulky little volume of nearly 400 pages, but does not
differ very much from the edition of 1840, though it is amplified
in many respects. Rooms XII.-XIII. of the upper floor have
now become the '^ Mammalia Room " and the " Mammalia Saloon."

The Bird-Gallery was the same as I remember it when I took
charge of the ornithological collections in 1872, and the shell-
cabinets occupied the floor space, having a separate gallery
apportioned to them on the removal of the Natural History
collections to the new Museum at South Kensington.

The British Birds and the collection of British Birds' Eggs,
the latter including two specimens of the egg of the Great Auk
{JPlautua impennis), were at some time or other transferred to the
British Room in the Northern Galleiy, and the ^gs, which
were stuck down on wooden tablets and exposed to the light,
soon became bleached and rotten. In 1842, however, t*he
collection of eggs was exhibited in table-cases in the Bird-
Gallery, as we learn from the 44th edition of the " Synopsis."
There is nothing new to remark upon in this edition, excepting
that a catalogue is given of the paintings which used to hang
on the walls of the old Bird- Gallery at Bloomsbury. Some of
these portraits are extremely interesting, among them being
those of Sir Hans Sloane, John Ray, and others.

Birds. 169

The Mnseum Library does not contain quite all the successive
editioDS of the " Synopsis " after the 44th edition of 1842.
Those examined by me have been the 46th (1844), 47th (1844),
48th (1845), 49th (1846), 50th (1847), 52nd (1847), 53rd (1848),
54th (1849), 55th (1850), 57th (1851). After 1842 the descrip-
tkmfl of the zoological objects were much curtailed in the
"Spopais," as a separate " Guide to the Zoological Collections "
was to be obtained in the Hall (c/. 46th ed., p. 10, noie). The
46th and 47th editions are apparently identical, and both were
iisned in 1844. Those of 1845, 1846 and 1847 (edd. 48, 49, 50)
differ only in small particulars from the previous issues. The
5l8t edition is not in the Library, but doubtless did not differ
from the others published in the same year, as the 52nd to the
55th editions show little change as far as the Birds are concerned.
The 56th edition is unfortunately missing from the set in our
Library, but the 57th is interesting as showing some alterations
in the case of the British Birds and their eggs, which were
removed from the Eastern Gallery to the 3rd Room of the
Northern Grallery, to join the general British Collection as there
arranged.

This plan of exhibition remained unaltered till the time of
the removal of the collections to the Natural History Museum
at Kensington.

Since the early voyages had enriched the British Museum
with their valuable but ill-prepared results, many collections
hftd been added. Leaving aside for the moment several
valuable additions, which are duly chronicled below, one of the
principal donations was that of General Hardwicke, who during
his service in the Indian army made a collection of drawings
of Eastern birds by native artists, which afterwards formed
the bads of Gray and Hardwicke's " Illustrations of Indian
Zoology."

He likewise presented to the British Museum a number of
OKmnted specimens of birds from all parts of the world, and many
of these specimens were so well mounted that they would not have
<ii8graced the best of modem taxidermists. General Hardwicke
seems to have been endued with extraordinary enthusiasm for
the study of natural history, and to have been a god-send to the
Muaemn in its earlier development. An oil-painting of this
"grand old man " of zoology is to be found in the Natural History
Museum. Sir John Richardson gives the following account of
G«ieral Hardwicke (see Report Brit. Ass., 1845, p. 188, noie) : —

170 Zoology.

" General Hardwicke began his collections of illustrations of
Asiatic zoology in the last century, and continued them till his
final return to this country in 1818. He lost many specimens
and the fruit of much labour by three several shipwrecks ; but
this, instead of damping his ardour, roused him to fresh exertions,
and he was busy up to the time of his death in preparing his
collections for publication, the scientific part having been under-
taken by Mr. Gray. Among the drawings of fish which he
procured, there are some by Major Neeld, others by Major
Farquhar, and a considerable number copied from the drawings
of Buchanan Hamilton, by that gentleman's consent, and by the
same artists whom he employed. This is mentioned because a
charge of piracy has been made in the ^Calcutta Journal'
against General Hardwicke, who was however too high-minded to
appropriate to himself the labours of others without due acknow-
ledgement ; and the careful references in his own writing on the
drawings of Buchanan Hamilton show that he had no intention
of claiming anything that belonged to that distinguished natu-
ralist. The General bequeathed his specimens, and the whole
of his collections of drawings, amounting to twenty folio volumes,
to the British Museum, and also set apart a sum of money to
defray the expenses of publishing the scientific description of
them. His collections have been deposited, as he wished, in the
national institution, but his intentions respecting the publication
have been entirely frustrated by a Chancery suit which was
instituted soon after his death.''

The great collections presented by Mr. Bryan Hodgson, from
Nepal, Sikhim and Tibet, marked an era in the history of the
Zoological Department ; but the scientific value of this collection
depended mainly upon the series of coloured drawings of the birds
executed by native artists, while the skins from wliich the
drawings had been taken were apparently of secondary account,
and were very roughly prepared, with a label generally tied
round the neck of the specimen, bearing a number which corre-
sponded with the coloured picture of the species. The Hodgson
donation deiilt mainly with the birds of the Himalayas, with
the exception of one collection of skins from Behar; and for
many years the Museum lacked a representative series from the
greatest dependency of the Empire.

Thanks to the donations of Mr. Allan Hume, C.B., Colonel
Wardlaw Ramsay, Dr. F. D. Godman and Mr. Osbert Salvin,
Mr. Radclifie Saunders, and the bequests of Mr. Henry Seebohm

Birds. 171

ind Mr. Philip Ci-owley, the ornithological collection of the
BrittBh Museum has gradually been raised to the foremost
podtion, and one of its most formidable rivals, the Honourable
Walter Rothschild, is at the same time one of its most generous
pfttrons. I believe that the utmost estimate of the number of
birds' skins and ^gs in the year 1872, when I first took office,
would be 30,000, or 35,000 at the most. At the present
nxHDent, the series is more than 400,000 in number, of which the
eggs alone number close on 100,000. The donations are
dnonided in detail below.

One more remark may be permitted. The collection of
the British Museum must always be of priceless value, as
it contains the material on which was founded the '^ Catalogue
of Birds," being a description of all the known species of
birds in the world. The great collections presented or be-
queathed to the Museum during the past twenty years were
formed with the distinct idea of illustrating the natural history
and geographical distribution of birds, and these collections
afbrd material for exact study unequalled by any other museum
in the world.

hi the following pages are given the details of the gradual
progress of the Ornithological Section, as far as it has been
possible to compile the record from existing documents.

172 Zoology.

II. Chbonological Account op the Principal Accessions to
THE Collection op Birds to the end op 1905.

In the foregoing pages I have given an account of the f onnation
of the bird-collection so far as it could be gathered from different
publications. No actual registers were kept during the early days
of the Museum, and it was not until 1837 that a formal register
was started. Before that date G. R. Gray had commenced a
MS. catalogue of the collection of Birds, and this exists ii
several vellum-bound books, most of which are still to be founc
in the bird-room. They are occasionally of service in hunting uj
the history of some of the ancient specimens.

As already stated, the specimens from Sir Hans Sloane'i
collection have long ago perished, and of those presented bj
Sir Joseph Banks but one specimen now survives, as far as
I can discover. Some few birds were afterwards received
from the Northern Land expeditions, being presented by Sii
John Richardson, Admiral Sir George Back, and others; but
the specimens described by Swainson and Richardson in the
'^ Fauna Boreali- Americana " do not appear to have been pre-
sented to the nation in their entirety. During the time thai
the Zoological Society of London possessed a museum of its
own, most of the birds collected by the exploring voyages,
such as the Beagle, the Sulphur, and other ships, were gives
to the Society, instead of to the British Museum. Wher
the Zoological Society decided to give up its museum thes(
valuable collections were acquired by the British Museum, but
the task of selection (presumably by G. R. Gray) was not tot
carefully performed, and several types were overlooked, whicl
ultimately found their way into private museums, such as that ol
the late T. C. Eyton, for instance.

When the Banksian collection of birds was presented I have
no record. It is certain that some of the specimens procured
during Captain Cook's voyages were presented, on the return
of the -ships, to the Leverian Museum, Bullock's Museum, etc.,
while others still remained in Sir Joseph Banks' possession.
Thus much we may gather from a study of Latham's " General
Synopsis of Birds," which mentions several species as being in
the above-named collections.

Birds. 173

Although the disappearance of the actual specimens is never
sufficiently to be regretted, some little compensation for their loss
is to be foand in the collection of drawings made by the artists
whom Banks employed during the voyages of Capt. Cook. These
" Drawings " came into the possession of the British Museum with
the rest of the Banksian Library, and they are now preserved in
the Natural History Museum at South Kensington.

Parkinson's Drawings.

The earliest of these collections is that of Sydney Parkinson,
who accompanied Sir Joseph Banks as draughtsman, on Capt.
Cook's first voyage round the world (1768-1771). See Hist.
GolL Brit. Mus., I. (Libraries), p. 44.

The figures of birds are 32 in number (Plates 7-38).
Many of them are mere pencil outlines, and it is tolerably
certain that all the artists who accompanied Banks on Captain
Cook's voyages, Parkinson, George Forster, and Ellis, were
in the habit of drawing an outline, sometimes colouring the
bill and feet from the freshly shot bird, but much of the colour-
ing was left to be filled in at home from the actual specimens,
and in many cases this was never done.

R 7. "No. 12, Falco. The colour of the beak pale bluish-
grey, the feet dirty grey blue. Terra del Fuego."
This plate, which is a pencil sketch only, is apparently
mtended to represent Ihycier chimango (Vieill.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B.,
i, p. 41 (1874).

PI. 8. "No. 5, Green Peroquet, Otahite. Aa."

= Gyanorhamphus erythranotua (Kuhl.) (c/. Salvad., Cat. B.,

XX., p. 579).

Kohl's type of his Psittcicus eryihronotua was in Bullock's

Muaeam, and thence came into the British Museum, but is no

longer to be found there (c/. Salyad., <.c., p. 580, note). It is not

nwtttioned in G. R. Gray's list of Paittacida (p. 12, 1859).

H. 9. " No 3, Blue Perroquet. The face, throat and breast
white, romp and neck dirty grey, turning blue towards
the edge, the feet and beak a bright orange, claws
black, all the rest of the body w^ dark ultra[marine],
shaded w^ P[ale] B[lue], like shining blue steel.
Avinne."
This plate, which is only a pencil sketch, most probably repre-
sents the Otaheitan Blue Parrakeet of Latham, Gen. Syu., L, p. 255

174 Zoology.

{Psittacus taitianus, Gm.), Coriphihia iaitianuSy Salvad., Cal
B. Brit. Mus., xx., p. 46 (1891).

PL 10. " The whole bird black, spots on the head and on th

shoulders dirty white, the breast feathers waved wit!

pale brown, the outer feathers of the tail scarlet am

yellow with narrow facia of black, the iris dar]

brown, the pupil black, the beak dirty white, wit]

the point of the upper mandible dark grey. Blacl

Cockatoo."

This plate, which is also a pencil sketch, represents on

of the Black Cockatoos {Calyptorhynchus). Parkinson in hi

Journal (p. 144) writes : '* Large black Cocatoos, with scarle

and orange-coloured feathers on their tails, and some white spot;

between the beak and the ear, as well as one on each wing.

Latham, describing his Banksian Cockatoo ' (Gen. Syn., Suppl.

p. 63, pi. cix.) refers to Parkinson's Black Cockatoo as bein^

probably identical.

PI. 11. " The beak very dark brown, changing gradually int<
yellowish toward the base of the upper mandible ; th<
feet purple brown, the length of the wing in th<
natural size 7^ inches. Ana» antarctica. Terra de
Fuego."
A pencil sketch apparently referable to Nettion fiavirogln
(V.) ; Salvadori, Cat. B., xxvii., p. 261.
PL 12. "The head, neck, breast and back soot colour, whicl
gradually grows paler on the coverts of the wings t(
their edges, which are bordered with white ; the large
wing feathers and the tail are the same sooty coloui
but shaded with M. blk. The upper coverts of the
tail and the sides pure white; the beak blk., af
are the feet, with a spot of yellow on each web.
Dec. 22, 1768."
= Oceanites oceanicm (Kuhl) ; cf, Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,
p. 358.
Kuhl (Beitr., p. 136, 1820) gives the first description of this
species, but calls it " Procellana oceanica, Banks," and quotes
Tab. 12 of Banks' pictures, this being of" course the above-
mentioned drawing of Parkinson's. It is not, however, Kuhl's
actual type of the species, as the specimen was described by him
as having been formerly in Ridell's collection, but now in that of
Temminck. It does not appear in the Catalogue of the '' Museum
des Pays Bas."

Birds. 175

PL 13. "No. 6, FroceUaria sequorea; Dec. 23, 1768; Lat.

37° South. The throat, breast and belly white; the

Remiges, Rectrices, and beak black ; the feet black,

on the webs marks of yellow as marked out in the

figure."
Is Pelagodrama marina (Lath.) ; Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,

p. 362. P. aequarea is the name (unpublished) given

bj Solander to this species in his MS. notes, as

related by Mr. Salvin (Orn. Misc., i., p. 227).
E. U. '* The large feathers of the wing, the tail, beak and feet

are black, the belly and coverts of the tail white.

December 23rd, 1768. Lat. 37'' South."
Is Cffmodrama graUaria (Vieill.) ; c/. Salvin, Orn. Misc.,

L, p. 238 ; tU, Cat. B., xxv., p. 366.
PL 15. " The beak a pale blueish lead-colour, the legs and

toes pale blue w^ a cast of purple ; the webs dirty

white. Feb. 1st, 1769. Lat. 59^ 00'."
Most probably = Prion desolatus (Gm.) ; Salvin, Cat., xxv.,

p. 434.
PI. 16. "The beak black, the legs and toes pale violet grey on

the outermost toe, the webs dirty white and partly

grey, veined with dirty purple. Feb. 15, 1769. Lat.

48^ 27', Long. 93^"
May be Halobaena csertdea (Gm.) ; c/. Salvin, Orn.

Misc., i., p. 328 ; id., Cat. B., xxv., p. 431.
PL 17. "Feb. 2nd, 1769. Lat. 59° South. Giant Petrel,"

Lath., Gen. Syn., vi., p. 397 (1785). Ossifraga gigantea

(Gm.); ef. Salvin, Orn. Misc., i., p. 238; id., Cat. B.,

XXV., p. 422. A pencil outline only.
PI. 18. Coloured figure, Ossifraga gigantea ; cf. Salvin, Ix.
PL 19. "Feb. 2nd, 1769. Lat. 58^ " Procellaria fuliginosa,

Solander MSS. ; cf. Salvin, Orn. Misc., i., p. 238.
= MajaqueuB sequinociialia (Linn.) ; Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,

p. 395.
PL 20. " The beak is black, the legs and upper part of the

feet pallid white, the lower part, where marked off,

dark brown ; the claws black ; the under part of the

whole bird white. Dec. 23, 1768."
Procellaria sandaliaia, Solander MSS. ; cf. Salv., Orn.

Misc., i, p. 328.
= (Esirelata amiinjoniana, Gigl. and Salvad. {cf Salvin,

Cat. B., XXV., p. 413).

176 Zoology.

PL 21. *^ Bill entirely black, the iris of the eye brown, pupi
black. Feb. Ist, 1769. Lat. 59^ 00'."
Procellaria lugens, Banks MSS. (c/. Kuhl, Beitr., p. 144^
= CEstrelata hrevirostris (Less.); cf. Salvin, Cat. B
XXV., p. 409.
PL 22. The same as 21.

Kuhl gives the MS. name of P. lugens, Banks, but he himsc
refers the figures to Procellaria griaea [nee Gmelin]. Tl
earliest published name seems to be that of CEstrelata hrevirostr
(Less.).

PL 23. "The beak fuscus, the lower mandible paler ar
blueish; the feet of the same colour. Feb. 15, 176
Lat. 48° 27', Long. 93°,"
Nectria fuliginosa, Solander MSS.

= Puffinus griaeus (Gm.) ; cf. Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 38'

PL 24. " The beak blue grey towards the back, and the poii

black ; the legs and feet the same colour as in tl

Procellaria cyanopedo. Nectria mundu, Feb. 15, 176!

Lat. 48° 27', Long. 93°."

The late Mr. Osbert Salvin was of opinion that this penci

sketch i-epresented the species described by Giglioli and Salvado:

as Puffinug elegana (Ibis, 1869, pp. 67, 68); cf. Salvin i

Rowley's Orn. Misc., L, pp. 256, 257, pL xxxiv. (1876); id

Cat. B., XXV., p. 385.

PL 25. " The face and throat white as marked of[f] on th

figure; the whole body above and below fusco-palido; th

belly, the feet, whitish w^ a cast of blue, the nail

white. Dec. 23rd, 1768. Lat. 37° South. Diamede

exfdanay

This figure probably represents the young of Diomede

eoculans {cf Salvin, Om. Misc., i, p. 238 ; id., Cat. B., xxv., j

442).

PL 26. " The bill entirely black, the iris of the eyes yellow

brown, the pupil black ; the skin that goes along th

beak from the head pale violet clouded w* pale browi

Feb. Ist, 1769. Lat. 59° 13'. Diomedea antarctica.

= Phoshetria fuliginosa (Gm.) ; cf Salvin, Om. Misc

i., p. 238 ; id., Cat. B., xxv., p. 453.

PL 27. " The beak, excepting the back of the upper mandibl

and part of the under one, is a dirty greenish whiU

Feb. 3rd, 1769. Lat. 57° 30'."

Is Diomedea prof uga,^o\ajxder MSS., which is Thalasioger&i

Birds. 177

cidororht/nchus (Gm.) ; cf. ScJvin, Om. Misc., i, p. 238 ;
ii,y Cat. B., XXV., p. 451.
PI. 28. " The beak is of a lead colour, whitish towards the
base of the upper mandible ; the bag is of a dirty orange ;
the feathers of the whole body is quite black, having a
cast of purple on the back ; the feet and claws lead
colour." '* Rio Janeero. Specimen lost. To be coloured
from No. 3 in log No. . Pelecantis aquilus"
Tlus is no doubt Fregata aquila (Linn.), Cat. B., xxvi,
p. 443.
PL 29. ** The beak and all the bare part round the eye is a
brownish grey, the point only excepted, which is whitish ;
the iris of the eyes grey, pupU black, the feet something
reddish."
" Terra del Fuego. Pelecanus aniarcticua.^*
It i8 difficult to say what this pencil sketch actually repre-
It may be intended for Phalacrocorax atriceps, King;
Gnmt, Cat. B., xxvL, p. 390. In Solander's MSS. in the Museum
Hhraiy there ia a fuller description of Felecanus antarcticus.
PL 30. "Pdeeanua serratar."

= Svla serratOTy G. R. Gray ; cf. Grant, Cat. B., xxvi, p.
428.
Solaoder's MS. refers to a specimen being procured on the
24th of December, 1769. He gives a full description of the
hinL

PL 31. PhaeUm ervbescenSy Banks' MSS.

= Phaeihon rvbricaudaf Bodd. ; ef. Grant, Cat. B., xxvi.,
p. 451.
A complete coloured figure inscribed '' Sydney Parkinson
pinz. 1769. Tawai " [Otaheite Islands]. It bears the name of
^hi&on embesceru, of which a full account is given in Solander's
MSS. This name is first published by G. R. Gray in his <* List
of Anaeres," p. 182. A life-sized drawing of the head is also
figured on this Plate 31.

H. 32. " Lotus gregarius. Terra del Fuego."

" The beak and feet the coli" of minium ; the breast and
beUy white w*^ a cast of red, the same as in the Cocatoo
w^ the red crest ; the claws dark brown ; the length
of the wing in the natural size 1 1 inches."
Mr. Howard Saunders, who has examined this Plate, which
is only a pencil outline, is of opinion that it is intended to repre-
sent Larut glaucodeSy Meyen ; cf, Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 203.

▼OL. II. N

178 Zoology.

In Solander's MSS. there is a fuller description : " gregariiu,
LARUS, albus, supra canus, abdomine pallide incarnato, rectri-
cibus nonnullis apice nigris, rostro pedibusque rubris.

^' Habitat : juxta littora Terrse de Fuego, ubi gregatim
volitant, at ssepe totas scopulas oooperiunt."

PL 33. "Eperia." "No. 2. Egg Bird. Otahite."

" The whole bird interely white ; the beak a lead ooloor,

as are also the toes ; the webs between white ; the Bachi

of the wing feathers pale brown and those of the tail

black.''

Mr. Howard Saunders thinks that this sketch, which ui

named " Egg Bird," is intended for Chfgis Candida (Gm.). It

may be noted, however, that the name " Egg Bird " is ako

applied to Sterna fuliginoaa ; ef, Saunders, Gat. B., xzv., p. 106.

PI. 34. ^^Columba porphyracea, Forster. Gopaa." "Green

Dove. Otahite."
The Tahiti bird is Ptilopus purpuratua (Gm.), according to
Salvadori, Gat. B., xxi., p. 105.

PL 35. " Amah6, Columha pectaralta, Gtahite. The red on
the neck brighter : some of a fine shiny purpla"
= Phlogsenas, sp. ; ef, Salvad., Cat. B., xxi., p. 601,
note.
This bird is only known from Latham's description, which
was founded on a specimen in the Banksian Collection (</•
Salvadori, Le.), It is apparently not mentioned in Solander^f
MSS.

PL 36. '*No. 11, Turdus. Terra del Fuego."
A pencil outline, probably intended for Turdus mageUamiem,
which is the only species of true Thrush found in the island
by Captain Crawshay.

PL 36, fig. 2. "The whole wings and tail black and little
inclining to brown ; the feathers of the back at tliair
bases are black and their edges scarlet, which makes it
look darker : the scarlet of the Belly is more yellow
than the rest : the legs f usca : the beak black excepting
the oblong space mark'd of[f ] on the base of the under
mandible, which is white. Kio Janeiro."
This pencilled figure is intended for Xipholena atrapurpurea.
PL 37, ^g. 1. "Rio de Janeiro."

There is no ncune given to this figure, but I should say it
very fairly represents Spermophila cseruleseena (Vieill.) ; c/i Sharpe,
Gat. B. Brit. Mus., xii., p. 126,

Birds. in

PL 37, fig. 2. " Loxia nitena, of the Coast of Brazil. Nov. 8tb,
1768. Sydney Parkinson pinx. ad vivum, 1768. Brasil."
This figure is undoubtedly intended to represent Volaiinxa
jaearim (Linn.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xii., p. 152, though the name
Loana niiem has not previously been associated with it. This
nme title is given in Solander*s MSS. and may be a name
attached to the drawing either by himself or by Banks.

PL 38, &g, I . " MotacUla avida, Sept. 28th, 1 768. Lat. 1 9° 00'

North."
This figure is evidently intended for MotaeUla flava (Linn.),,
and is a young bird, probably procured when the species was on
its southward migration.

Sdander^s MS. contains an account of the same specimen.
Tlie name avida is bestowed by him on the species.

R 38, fig. 2. " MotacUla velificans, of[f] the Coast of Spain.
Sydney Parkinson pinx. ad vivum, 1768, Sept.; T. 10,
P. 6, Sept. 4, 1768.''
This figure is evidently that of a female Wheatear, Saxicola
ttmH^ (L) ; cf. Seebohm, Cat. B., v., p. 383.

Forsteb's Drawings.
The most important of the sets of Drawings from the Banksian
library are undoubtedly those of Johann Gbobg Adam Fobster,
vbo accompanied his father, Johann Reinhold Forster, on Capt.
Cook's second voyage (c/. Hist. Brit. Mus. Coll., Libraries, pp.
36, 37). His drawings are mostly on folio sheets of paper.
After fifty years a description of them was published by Heinrich
liditenstein in 1844.* The Birds commence with : —
H. 32. Falco gei-pentarius, MiUer.

= Serpentaritu aeeretarius (Scop.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit.

Mus., L, p. 45 (1874).
8erpeniariu8 aerpentarim (Miller) ; Sharpe, Hand-list B., i.
p. 241 (1899).
This is a large coloured figure, but no mention is made of this
or the next bird in the '* Descriptiones Animalium.''
PI 33. '' Faleo plancuB, Gm."

= Polylorus tharus (Mol.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., i., p. 31.
This is a large full-sized figure, identified in a MS. hand-
vtiting as Falco plancus, under which name it is figured by Shaw
inMiller's " Cimelia Physica " (PI. 17), 1796. It is the " Plaintive

^ Deseriptiones AnimaUmn quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per
•wos 1772, 1773, et 1774 anscepto oollegit, obfleryayit, et delineavit Joannea
Bonhoidiia Forater, eta, ocuante Henrioo Lichtenatein. 8vo. Bcrolini, 1844.

N 2

180 Zoology.

Eagle " of Latham, Gen. Syn., L, p. 34 (1781). He quotes Miller
plate 17, so that part of the '* Cimelia " must have appeared befoi
1781. It is Vultur plancus of Forster's Descr. Anim., p. 321.
PI. 34. Fdlco leucurua,

= Ibycter australis (Gm). ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., i., p. 3
"Statenland, <J, Jan. 3rd, 1775."
This bird is described by Latham as the ^* Statenland EagU
and he quotes some notes given him by Forster.

PI. 35. Falco leucaetoa, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 70.

= Aatur novse-hollandim (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat B. Bi

Mus., L, p. 118.
From New Holland.
PI. 36. (Adult male) Falco harpe, Forst., Descr. Anin
pp. 68, 69 .
= Harpa novse zecdandim (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B. Bi
Mus., L, p. 372.
PI. 37. {$yjuv.). Ditto.
PL 38. (9). Ditto.
PL 39. Strixfulva, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 71.

= Ninox novse-zealandise (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B. , iL, p. 1 1
From Queen Charlotte Sound.
PL 40. " Lanius leucorhynchos, Linn."

= Artamus leucogaster (Valenc.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xi
p. 3. "Poemanghee, Sept. 7th, ?, 1774."
PL 41. "Lanius cafer, Forst.,"; id., Descr. Anim., p. 31
Cape of Good Hope ( = Lanius ferrugineus, Gm., S. ]
i., p. 306).
= Laniarius rufiventris (Swains.) ; cf, Reichenow, Vd|
Afrikas, ii., p. 582.
The bird from which this coloured figure was taken
mentioned by Latham (Gen. Syn., i., p. 163) as being in i
Joseph Banks' collection.

PL 42. ^^ Psittacus hysginus, Forst." ; fd., Descr. Anim., p. li
Count Salvadori is of opinion that this figure represei
Pyrrhulopsis koroensis, Layard ; cf. Cat. B., rx., p. 496.
is a better figure than that of Ellis, but both probably represc
the same bird.

PL 43. " Pffittacus hiaetis, Lath." Psittacua hisetia, Fon
Descr. Anim., p. 258.
= Nymphicua comutua (Gm.) ; cf, Salvadori, Cat. B., x

p. 591.
" N. Caledonia, 11th September, 1774."

Birds. 181

Pis. 44-47. Psittacus pacificui, Gm.

= Cyanarhamphus navx-zealandisCf Spcurm. ; c/. Salvad.,
Cat. B., XX., p. 581.
The bird figured on Plate 46 is said to be from " Dusky Bay,
April 6th, 1778."
PL 47. Is a Parraquet similar to the foregoing, but with a
red rump. It is the Pacific Parrot, var. C, of Latham's
"General Synopsis " (i., p. 253).
= Pnttcunu pacificu8, var. y, Gm. Syst. Nat., i., p. 329.
GoTint Salvadori identifies this with C. aurieeps (Kuhl) ; cf,
StlTacL, Cat., xx., p. 587.
PI. 48. Pnttacus palmarum, Gm. ; Forst., Descr. Anim.,
p. 259.
= Eypocharmotyna palmarum ; cf. Salvadori, Cat. B. Brit.

Mus., XX., p. 78.
"Tanna, ^, 16th Aug., 1774."
PL 49. Pntiaau aapphirinus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 201
(1844: Tahaitee).
= Coriphilus taitanus (Gm.) ; cf. Salvadori, Cat. B., xx.,
p. 46.
PI. 50. Psitiactu hypopoliuSy Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 72
(1844 : New Zealand).
= Nestor meridionalis (Gm.) ; cf, Salvadori, Cat. B., xx.,
p. 5.
Pi. 51. Pnttacus poliocar, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 399(1844).
= Agapomis cana (Gm.) ; cf, Salvadori, Cat. B., xx.,

p. 507.
"Madagascar, May 4, 1775."
PL 52. Callseas cinerea, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 74 (1844:
New Zealand).
= Glaucapis cinerea (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 142.
Said to have been found in both islands of New Zealand by
Fonter (^c), who does not seem to have noticed the differenoo
in the colour of the wattles between the two species of Olaucopia.
Ute bird figured is O. cinerea.

PL 53. Canma cinereusy Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 260 (1844 :

New Caledonia).
Thig is the type of the " New Caledonian Crow " of Latham
(fen. Syn., L, p. 377), " from a drawing in the collection of Sir
Joseph Banks."

= Artamides caledonicus (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., iv.,
p. 10.

182 Zoology.

PI. 54. Coracias pacifica, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 261 (1844

New Caledonia).

= Aplonia striata (Gm.) ; c/. Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 127

This is the " Blue-striped Roller " of Latham (Gen. Syn., i

p. 414, pi. xvi.). He does not say whence he described the spec

mens, but the Plate seems to have been adapted from Forster

drawing.

PI. 55. Oriolus musse, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 163 (1844).
= Tatars hngirostris (Gm.) ; c/. Sharpe, Cat. B., vi
p. 525.
PI. 56. Ouculus fasdatuSf Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 160 (184-
Huaheine et Otahaitee).
= Urodynamis taitiensts (Sparrm.); cf. Shelley, Cat. I

xix., p. 314.
" Taheitee. Tayarabboo."
PI. 57. Ouculm nitens, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 151 (184'
Charlotte Sound, New Zealand).
= CJtalcococcyx lucidus (Gm.) ; cf. Shelley, Cat. B., xu
p. 295.
PI. 58. Alcedo collaria, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 162 (184^
Otaheitee).
= Todirhamphus veneratus (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. I

xviL, p. 288.
" Erooro at Taheitee."
Latham's " Venerated Kingfisher " (Gen. Syn., L, pt. 2, p. 62
1782) was described from a specimen in the Leverian Museui
It is said to "inhabit Apye, one of the Friendly Isles, whe
it is held as sacred among the natives as that of Otaheitc
His "Respected Kingfisher" (<.c., p, 624) "inhabits Otaheit
where it is called ' Erooro.' It is accounted sacred." I
Latham does not state where he found the specimen 1
described, it seems to me extremely probable that he toe
his description from Ellis' Drawings, No. 23, from " Otaheitc
— " Erooroo."

As Forster's figure shows a dark band across the chee
a feature not mentioned by Latham in his description of tl
" Venerated Kingfisher," it is evident that the latter was n<
described from the actual bird figured by Forster. Both tl
" Venerated " and " Respected " Kingfishers of Latham seem 1
be the same species, and hence Todirhamphus tutus^ Shar|
{nee Gm.), Cat. B., xvii., p. 291, will require another nami
which I propose should be Todirhamphus wigUsworthi^ in memor

Birds. 183

of the yooDg explorer who did such good work as the historian
of the Pacific Avifauna.

R 59. Alcedo eyanea^ Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 76 (1844 : New
Zealand).
=Halqfon vagans (Less.) ; c/. Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 271.
"Nr. Dusky Bay, April 4, 1773."
PL 60. Akedo cancropJuiga, Forst. (nee Lath.), Descr. Anim., p. 4.
Halcyon erythrogastery Gould ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xv., p. 234
[=21 actsBon (Less.) ; Oustalet, C. R., iii., Congr. Intern.
Omith., Paris,' p. 228 (1891)].
[St. Jago.]
R 61. Cerihia dndnnata, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 78 (1844 :
Queen Charlotte's Sound, N.Z.).
=: Prosihemadera navse-zealandise (Gm.) ; cf, Gadow, Cat.
B., ix., p. 257.
PL 62. Certhia olivaceay Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 79 (1844 :
New Zealand).
= Anihamis melanura (Sparrm.) ; ef. Gadow, Cat. B., ix.,
p. 255.
R 63. Certhia cardinalis, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 262 (1844 :
Tanna, New Hebrides).
= Myzamela cardinalia (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Handl. B., v.,

p. 66 (1906).
"Tanna, <J, 16th August, 1774."
latham's " Cardinal Creeper " was described from a specimen
in the Leverian Museum (Gen. Syn., i., pt. 2, p. 733, pi. 33, fig. 2) ;
it may well have been the actual specimen figured by Forster.
PL 64. Certhia caruncukUaf Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 165 (1844 :
Tonga-Tabu).
=Ptiloti8 caruneidata (Gm.); cf. Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 225.
Latham called this bird the "Wattled Creeper" (Gen. Syn.,
i, pt 2, p. 732), and described it from a specimen in the
LeFerian Museum.

'* Tonga-tabu or Amsterdam Isle."

PL 65. Anaspicta, Forst., Descr. Anim,, p. 333 (1844 ; Staten-
land).
= Chloephaga inornata (King) ; ef, Salvadori, Cat. B.,
xxviL, p. 134.
PL 66. Anas ganta, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 336 (1844 : Tierra
del Fuego).
= Chloephaga hyhrida (Molina) ; cf. Salvadori, Cat. B.,
xxviL, p. 130.

184 Zoology.

PI. 67. Anas cheneroa, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 92 (1(
Dusky Bay, New Zealand).
= Casarca variegata (Gm.) ; cf, Salvadori, Cat. B., ja

p. 183.
"Dusky Bay, N.Z., April 7, 1773."
PI. 68. Anas pteneres, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 338 {li
Straits of Magellan).
= Tachyerea cinereus (Gm.) ; cf, Salvadori, Cat. B., xx

p. 373.
"Statenland, Jan. 2, 1775."
Pis. 69, 70. Anas montanaf Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 44 (1^
Cape of Good Hope).
= Casarca cana (Gm.) ; cf, Salvadori, Cat. B., xx
p. 182. PL 69 is a pencil sketch only.
PI. 71. Anas xanthorhynchay Forst., Descr. Anim., p.
(1844 : South Georgia).
= Nettion georgicum (Gm.) (cf Salvadori, Cat. B., xx
p. 264) ; Nettium georgicum^ Sharpe, Handl., L, p. 2]
[<J, Jan. 17, 1775.]
On this plate is founded Latham's description of
" Georgia Duck " (Gen. Syn., iii, pt. 2, p. 478) " from the drawi
of Sir Joseph Banks."

PI. 72. Anas xanthorhynchay Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 45 (18
Cape of Good Hope).
= Anas undtdata, Dubois (cf Salvadori, Cat. B., xx
p. 212).
These two plates, ncuned A, xanthorhyncha by Forster, re
sented two very different species.

PI. 73. Anas pyrrhorhynchay Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 45 (18
Cape of Good Hope).
= Poecilonetta erythrorhyncha (Gm.) (cf Salvad., Cat.
xxvii., p. 285).
Although Latham (Gen. Syn., iii., pt. 2, p. 507) does
state where he found the specimen of his "Crimson-bi
Duck," there can be no doubt that it was from Forst
Drawings, or from a specimen in Banks' collection, that it
described.

PI. 74. Anas malacorhynchuSj Forst., Descr. Anim., p.
(1844 : New Zealand).
= Hymenolssmus malacorhynchus (Gm.) (cf Salvad., (

B., xxvii., p. 455).
" Dusky Bay, New Zealand, April 3, 1773." " He-wee;

Birds. 185

Gmelin founded his specific name on Latham's " Soft-billed
Dock "(Gen. Syn., iii., pt. 2, p. 522). This was undoubtedly
founded on Forster's Plate 74, with some details taken from
tlie account in Cook's Voyage (vol. i., ppt 72, 97), and the
specimen figured was no doubt in the Banksian collection.

PL 75. Anas asnmilis, Forster, Descr. Anim., p. 46 (1844 :
Cape of Good Hope).
= NeUion capense (Gm.) (cf. Salvadori, Cat. B., xxvii.,
p. 259) ; Nettium eapenae, Sharpe, Handl. B., i., p. 219.
Latham (G«n. Syn., Pt. 2, p. 519, 1785) described his "Cape
Wigeon"from the Drawings of Sir Joseph Banks. This plate
of Font^s is, therefore, the type of the species.
PL 76. Ancu viduata,

= Dendrocygna viduata (Linn.) {cf, Salvad., Cat. B., xxii.,

p. 145).
"Cape of Good Hope."
PL 77. Anas leucophrya, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 93 (1844 :
Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand).
^A%a9aupercilio8a,Qixxi.{ef, Salvadori, Cat. B., xxvii., p. 206).
Latham's " Supercilious Duck " (Gen. Syn., iii., pt. 2, pi. 497)
was taken from this figure of Forster's, which is consequently the
type of the species.

" Dusky Bay. He-iarrera.*'

PL 78. Anas lophyra, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 340 (1844 :

Staten-land).

= Afuucrtatata (Gm.) (cf. Salvad., Cat. B., xxvii., p. 216).

latham (Gen. Syn., iii., pt. 2, p. 543, 1785) describes his

"Crested Duck" from Forster's Drawings, and the figure is,

tiiwcfore, the type of the species.

PL 79. Ana8 atricilla, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 95 (1844 :
New Zealand).
= FuUgula novse zealandim (Gm.) {cf, Salvadori, Cat. B.,
xxviL, p. 368).
" Dusky Bay. He-patek,"

This is another species, described from the Forster Drawings,
being the "New Zealand Duck" of Latham (Gen. Syn., iii,
pt- 2, p. 543), on which Gmelin founded his Anas novse zealandise,
PL 80. Aptenodytes chryaocome^ Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 99
(1844 : New Holland).
= Catarrhades chryaocome, Forst. {cf. Grant, Cat. B.,
xxvi., p. 635).
A pencil outline.

186 Zoology.

PI. 81. ^^Aptenodytea patachonica" A. patagonica, Forst., D(
Anim., p. 347 (1844: Falkland Islands and S<
G^rgia and islands of New Guinea *) ; cf. Ogi
Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 627.
"<J. Jan. 17, 1775."
PI. 82. Aptenodytea arUarctica, Forst., Comment. Gdtti
iii., p. 141, pi. iv., 1781 ; id., Descr. Anim., p. 349.
= PygoscelU antarctica (Forster) ; Grant, Cat. B., x:
p. 634.
PI. 83. Aptenodytes magellantea, Forst., <.c., 1781 ; id., D<
Anim., pp. 348, 351 (1844 : Tierra del Fu^o, Sta
land, Falkland Islands).
= Spheniscus magellanicus (Forst.) ; Grant, Cat. B., z:

p. 651.
" Staten Land."
. Pis. 84, 85. Aptenodytes minor, Forst, «.c., 1781 ; id., D<
Anim., p. 101 (1844 : Dusky Bay, New Zealand).
= Eudyptila minor (Forst.) ; Grant, Cat. B., x:

p. 646.
" New Zealand. * Korora^ "
PL 86. Procellaria similia, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 59 (1^
Antarctic Ocean).
= Halohssna cmrulea (Gm.) ; Salvin, Cat. B., a
p. 431.
PI. 87. Procellaria vittata, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 21 (1^
Southern Ocean).
= Prion vittatus (Gm.) ; Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 432.
PI. 88. Procellaria tridactyla, Forst., Descr. Anim., p.
(1844 : Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand).
= Pelecanoidea urinatrix (Gm.) ; cf, Salvin., Cat. B., a
p. 437. " Teetee."
Pis. 89-90. Procellaria nivea, Forst., Descr. Anim., p.
(1844 : Antarctic Ocean).
= Pagodroma nivea (Gm.) ; Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p.
" Dec. 30, 1772." PI. 90 is only a pencil outline.
PI. 91. Procellaria glaciaHa, Forst., Descr. Anim., p.
(1844 : Southern Ocean).
= Priocella gla^nahides (Smith) ; Salvin, Cat. B., s
p. 393.

* Doubtless a misprint for New Zealand,

Birds. 187

Fl. 92. ProceUaria JuMttaia (nee Kohl), Forst., Descr. Anim.,
p. 208 (1844 : Lat. 48° S. Pacific Ocean) ; Gould, B.
Austr., vii., pi. 47.
= Priofinus cinereus (Gm.) ; Salvin, Cat. B., zxv., p. 390.
Latham (Gren. Syn., iii., pt. 2, p. 405, 1785) founded his
description of his ''Cinereous Petrel" on a specimen in the
British Museum. From his description of the colours of the
bill and feet, it is evident that he had also Forster's Drawings
in his mind.

PL 93. ProeeUaria fvUcfinosc^ Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 23
(1844 : Southern Ocean).
= (Estrelata mcteroptera (Smith) ; ef. Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,
• p. 453.
PI 93a. Head of Osaifraga gigantea.
R. 94. ProeeUaria fuliginosa, Forst. (nee pi. 93).

= Puffinu8 grisem (Gm.) ; cf, Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 386.
The type of Latham's ** Grey Petrel " (und^ ProeeUaria grisea,
Gm.) was in the Leverian Museum.

PL 95. ProeeUaria antaretiea, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 60
(1844 : Antarctic Seas).
= Thala88ceea antariiea (Gm.); ef, Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,
p. 392.
PL 96. ProeeUaria eapensis, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 20
(1844 : Southern Ocean).
==Dapiion capensia (Linn.) ; ef, Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 428.
H. 97. ProeeUaria gularis.

This plate represents a Flying Petrel, and it has been referred
U> ProeeUaria hmsiiata by Kuhl and Temminck. The type of the
latter species was purchased by Temminck from Bullock's sale,
and was described by Kuhl : it is now in the Ley den Museum.
This is the well-known " Capped Petrel," but Forster's plate
represents CEstrelaia gvlaris, of Peale, 1848 : ef, Salvin, Cat. B.,
XXV., p. 414. It seems to me also that ProeeUaria ineocpeeiata,
of Forster (Descr., p. 204), refers to this Plate 97, in which case
^species would bear the name of CEstrelaia inexpeetata (Forster,
1844).
PI. 98. ProeeUaria letieoeephala, Forster, Descr. Anim., p. 206
(1844).
= (EHrelata les8oni (Gamot) ; cf Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,
p. 401.
This drawing is referred to P, hsesitata by Kuhl, but it
i^reseuts quite a different species.

188 Zoology.

PI. 99. 2). albatrua (nee Pall.), Porster, Descr. Anim., p.
(1844).
= Diomedea eamlana, Linn. ; Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 4
PI. 100. Diomedea chrysoatoma, Forst., Descr. Anim., p.
(1844: Southern Ocean).
= Thalaasogeron Mororhynchua (Gm.) ; cf, Salvin, Cat.
XXV., p. 451.
PI. 101. Diomedea chrysostoma, Forster, l.c. This per
drawing appears to have been taken from a specimen
Thalasaogeron culminatus, Gould ; cf. Salvin, i.e., p. 4
PI. 102. Diomedea palpehrata, Forst., Descr. Anim., p.
(1844: Antarctic Ocean, 25 Jan. 1773).
= Phoehetria fuliginosa (Gm.) ; cf. Salvin, Cat. B., xx
p. 453.
PI. 103. Pelecanus punctatus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 1
(1844 : Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand).
= Phalacrocorax punetatus (Sparrm.) ; cf. Ogilvie-Gra
Cat. B., xxvi., p. 354. " Pa-degga-degga."
PI. 104. Pelecanus carunculatus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 1
(1844 : Queen Charlotte Soimd, New Zealand).
= Phalacrocorax carunculatus (Gm.) ; cf. Ogilvie-Gra
Cat. B., xxvi., p. 384.
Latham's '^ Carunculated Shag " (Gen. Syn. iii., p. 2, p. 6(
und^ P. carunculaiusj Gm.), was described from a specimen in t
Leverian Museum. It may have been the bird that F(»^
painted. Forster considered that he saw the same species
Tierra del Fuego, but he evidently confused P. albiventer w
the New Zealand bird.

PI. 105. Pelecanus magellanicuSj Forst., Descr. Anim., p. ^
(1844 : Straits of Magellan).
= Phalacrocorax mageUanicus (Gm.) ; cf OgUvieGra

Cat. B., xxvi., p. 388.
"Tierra del Fuego, December 28, 1774."
This bird was also described by Latham as the ** Magella
Shag" (Gen. Syn., iii, pt. 1, p. 604), from a specimen in
Leverian Museum.

PI. 106. Pelecanus pica, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 104 (18-

New Zealand).

= Phalacrocorax varius (Gm.) ; cf Ogilvie-Grant, Cat.

xxvi., p. 394.

Latham's " Pied Shag " (Gen. Syn., iii., pt. 2, p. 605) ^

also described from a specimen in the Leverian Museum, but

Birds. 189

fikevise mentions having seen the species in the drawings in
Sir Joseph Banks' possession. The egg is figured on the plate,
and described by Latham.

R 107. Pelecanua piscfUar, Forst. (nee Linn.).

= Stda cyanops (Sund.) ; cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. B.,

xxvi, p. 430.
"Norfolk Island, Oct. 9, 1774."
H. 108. Peheanus plotus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 278 (1844 :
New Caledonia).
= Sda mda (Linn.); cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. B., zxvi.,

p. 436.
"New Caledonia, ? , 16 Sept., 1774."
R 109. Larus tcopulinus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 106 (1844 :
New Zealand) ; Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 238.
« New Zealand. He-talla."
R 110. Siema aerrala, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 276 (1844 :
New Caledonia).
= Siema fultginosa (Gm.) ; ef, Saunders, Cat. B., xxv.,

p. 106.
"New Caledonia, ?, Sept. 16th, 1774."
R 111. Ardea ferruffinea^ Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 274
(1844 : New Caledonia).
= Syctieorax caledonieiu (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi.,

p. 158.
"New Caledonia, Sept. 11th, 1774."
A figure of this Night Heron is given in Cook's " Voyage "
(^L ii, pL 50). Latham founds his " Caledonian Night Heron "
(Gen. SyiL,iiL, pt. 1, p. 15, 1785) on a description supplied to him
by Forster, whose drawing thus represents the type of the species.
PI- 112. Is apparently «Demfe^re< to sacra.
P1113. Is a pencil sketch of a Heron, but there is no clue as

to its identification.
PI. 114. Ardea jugularis, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 172 (1844 :
Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand).
^ BemiegreUa sacra (Gm.); cf Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi.
p. 137.
PI 115. Ardea palearis, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 47 (1844 :
Cape of Good Hope).
=Bugeranu8 carunctdatus (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii.,
p. 267.
'^e figure of the Wattled Crane is by " Shumacker," according
to lichtenstein, but the drawing is signed "G. Forster, 1773."

190 Zoology.

The picture was taken from a living bird in the Indian Merchants
Society's Gardens at the Cape, and on this drawing in the
collection of Sir Joseph Banks Latham founded his description
and figure of the " Wattled Crane " (Gen. Syn., iiL, pt. 1, p. 82,
pL IxxviiL), which thus becomes the type of the species.

PI. 116. Tantalw eapensis [Tantalus eafer, on plate], Forst,
Descr. Anim., p. 48 (1844 : Cape of Good Hope).
= OerorUietu caltma (Bodd.); c/. Sharpe,Cat.B., xjdiL,p. 17.
"G. F., 1773."
PI. 117. Tantalus melanops, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 332

(1844 : Staten Land).
Is the " Black-faced Ibis " of Latham (Gen. Syn., iii, pt. 1,
p. 108, pi. Ixxix.) described from a specimen in Sir J. Banks'
collection, procured by Dr. Forster " in New Year's Island, near
Staten Land."

= Theristicus melanopis (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xxri,

p. 21.
"Staten Land, Jan. 3, 1775."
PL 118. Scdapax caffra, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 49 (1844:
Cape of Good Hope).
= Ancyhchilus subarguatus (Giild.) ; Sharpe, Cat B.,
xxiv., p. 586.
PL 119. Scolopax phseopuSf Forst. (nee Linn.), Descr. Anim.,
p. 242 (1844 : Otahaitee).
= Numenius tahiiiensis (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,

p. 367.
•^Otaheite, May 3, 1774. Tewea."
The Otaheite Curlew was described by Latham (Gen. Syn.,
iii., pt. 1, p. 122) from a specimen in the collection of Sir Joseph
Banks, doubtless the identical one figured in Forster's drawings.
PL 120. Tringa pyrrhetrsea, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 174
(1844: Otaheitee).
= Prosohonia leucoptera (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,

p. 525.
"Taheitee. Torow,"
The type of this now extinct species is in the Leyden
Museum.

It is curious that the three figures of this bird do not agree with
each other. Latham does not tell us much of the actual specimen
which he described as the White-winged Sandpiper (Gen. Syn.,
iii., pt. 1, p. 172, pi. IxxxiL). He appears to have seen three
specimens, which must all have been in Sir Joseph Banks'

Birds. 191

poaMikm. The only one extant to-day is the example in the
LeTden Museum, which I consider to be the bird figured by
Focrter, and described by me in 1896 (Cat. B., vol. xxiv., p. 525).
Tbe bird figured by Latham (pi. Ixxxii.) differs somewhat from
linker's painting, in that it is shown with a rufous eyebrow,
iHnte lores, and a single rounded patch of white on the bend of
the wing. Forster's specimen, it will be seen, came from Tahiti,
bit the bird figured by Ellis is quite different from Forster's and
Utham's figures, and came, moreover, from Eimeo or York
Iilind, where it was called ** Te-teJ^ Ellis' figure certainly
repieaeiitB a different bird from Forster's. It has a circlet of
nfoos colour round the eye, it has a double patch on the wing-
coferts, and the median and greater wing-coverts are pale ferru-
ftwu VHk ihe rump. I propose to call this bird Pro9ohonia eUiai.
PL 121. Charadrius torquaiulaf Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 108
(1844: Dusky Bay).
= Tkinomis navm zealandim (Gm.) ; c/. Sharpe, Cat. B.,

xxiv., p. 304.
" Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand." " Doodoorroo-
attoo."
Latham's " New Zealand Plover " was described from the
collection of Sir Joseph Banks, and Forster's drawing was no
doobt taken from the same specimen.

PL 122. Charadrius glareola, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 109
(1844 : S. Island, New Zealand).
= Oehihodromus obseurus (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.

p. 211.
" Ha poho^ra," April 4, 1773.
The "Dusky Plover" of Latham (Gen. Syn., pt. 1, p. 211)
was described from a specimen in Sir Joseph Banks' collection,
and was doubtless the original of Forster's sketch.

PL 123. Ckarculius glaucopus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 176
(1844: Otaheitee).
= C^radriu8 dominicus, P. L. S. Miill. ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B.,

xxiv., p. 195.
"Tonga Tabboo or Amsterdam Island."
PL 124. Is also Charadrius dominicus, but in more full
plumage.
''Poemanghee. New Caledonia, ^, Sept. 6th, 1774."
H. 125. Chianis laciea, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 330 (1844).
Is Chianis alba (Gm.) ; c/1 Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 710.
"Staten Land, Jan. 2nd, 1775."

192 Zoology.

PL 126. Bdllus troglodytes, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. IIO
(1844 : New Zealand).
= Ocydromus australis (Spamn.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B.,
xxiii., p. 64.
PI. 127. Balliu pactjicus, pt. Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 177
(1884, Otaheitee).
= Hypoteenidia philippensis (Linn.) ; c/. Sharpe, Cat. B.j
xxiii., p. 39. Namoka, 9 , July 1, 1774.
PL 128. Also named Rallus pacificua, but evidently a
distinct bird from the preceding ona It has a
red bill, and agrees with Forster's diagnosis of his
Ballm padficusj so that it must be the type of the
species.
PL 129. BaUn8 caffer, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 50 (1884:
Cape of Good Hope).
= Rallus cserulescens, Gm. ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 25.
Latham's Blue-necked Rail (Gren. Syn., iii., pt. 1, p. 234) is
taken from the Drawings of Sir Joseph Banks, so that this
plate is the type on which the species was founded.

PL 130. Bdllus minutus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 178
(1844 : Otaheitee and Tonga-Tabu).
Is Porzana tahuensis (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiiL,

p. 111.
"Tana, 9, 12th August, 1774."
Latham, speaking of a variety of his Tabuan Rail (Gen.
Syn., iii., pt. 1, p. 235), says: — "Inhabits the Island of Tanna.
Sir Joseph Banks.*' His remarks apply either to a specimen, or to
the drawing in the Banksian Library, probably the former, as
there are no colours given in Forster's Drawing, which is only
a pencil sketch {cf Wigles worth, Av. Polyn., p. 61, 1891;
Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiiL, p. Ill, note).
" Taheitee Maho."
PL 131. BaUus tannensisy Forster, Descr. Anim., p. 275 (1844).
"Tana, ?, 12th August, 1774."

= Poliolimnas cinereus (V.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiiL, p. 130.
PL 132. Eallus sethiops, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 400 (1844 :
Cape of Good Hope).
= Limnocorax niger (Gm.); cf Shai^ie, Cat. B., xxiiL,
p. 150. April 24, 1775.
Latham's Black Rail (Gen. Syn., iii., pt. 1, p. 236) was founded
on a specimen in the British Museum, but he does not mention
the Banksian collections in connection with the species.

Birds. 193

Fl. 133. Otis afra, Forst., Descr. A mm., p. 51 (1844 : Cape
of Good Hope).
Is Compsotis afra (Forst.) [^]; Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii.,
p. 293.
Latham's White-eared Bustard (Gen. Syn., ii., pt. 2, p. 802,
pi. bdz.) is founded on " a pair in the possession of Sir Joseph
Banb"(aiid^ Otis afra, Gm. Syst. Nat., i., p. 724).

PL 134. The two figures on this plate are apparently the

female and young male of Oompsotis afra,
PL 135. Tetrao capensis, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 400 (1844 ;
Soath Africa).
= Francciinus capensis (Gm.) {cf Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. B.,
xxiL, p. 165).
The type of Latham's " Cape Partridge" (Gen. Syn., ii., pt. 2,
p. 756) was in the British Museum.

PL 136. Columha leucaphrys, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 168
(1844: Otaheitee).
= Pklagcena8 erythroptera (Gm.) ; cf Salvad., Cat. B.,
XXL, p. 600 [ffide po$tea, p. 205, for Latham's Garnet-
winged Pigeon, described from a specimen in the
Leverian Museum].
"Tahiti"
PL 137. Columba argeirtea, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 80
(1844 : New Zealand).
= Hemiphaga novse zealandise (Gm.) {cf Salvad.,

Cat B., xxi, p. 236).

" Dusky Bay, N.Z., April 3, 1773. Harreroo:'

^ seems to be the type of Latham's <*New Zealand

Kgeon" (Gen. Syn., ii., pt. 2, p. 640), as he gives Forster's

no^ bat does not mention the Banksian specimens or drawings.

PI. 138. Columba ocanihuray Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 264

(1844 : Tanna).
Latliam describes this species as among Sir Joseph Banks'
drawings, but he refers to it as a variety of his " Hooked-billed
Pigeon," with which it has nothing to do. He names it Columha
tanemii in his '* Index Omithologicus," vol. ii., p. 600, =Ptilopu8
fafnentit (Lath.) {cf Salvad., Cat. B., xxi., p. 127).

PL 139. Columba glcbicera, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 166

(1844 : Tonga-Tabu et Eavowe : Otaheitee).
I am inclined to think that this figure represents Columba
ptMfieay GuL {Olcbicera pacijica, Salvad., Cat. B., xxi., p. 173),
ibongh Count Salvadori seems to entertain some doubt about it.
▼OL. IL 0

194 Zoology.

The plate is the type of Columha forateri, Wagler, Isis, 1829,
p. 739.

PL 140 = 9 Columba porphyracea, Forst., Descr. Anim.,
p. 167 (1844: Tropical Islands).
Is Ptilopua porphyraceuSf Salvad., Cat. B., xzL, p. 100.
** Taheiti. Oo-oo-pa."
PL 141. Ditto, ditto. Male.

PL 142. Columba ferrugineay Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 265
(1844 : Tanna).
" Tanna, ? , 17th August, 1774."
This plate was examined by Count Salvadori, who was
unable to identify the species (c/. Salvad., Cat. B., xxL, p. 605).
PL 143. Alauda littorea, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 90 (1844 :
New Zealand).
= Anthus novse zealandise (Gm.) ; c/. Sharpe^ Cat. B. Brit.

Mus., X., p. 616.
" Kogoo ur6are."
The " New Zealand Lark " of Latham (Gen. Syn., iL, pt 2,
p. 384, pL IL) was founded on this plate, << from Sir Joseph
Banks' Drawings." The figure is therefore the type of A. novm
zealandise (Gm. ex Lath.).

PL 144. Stumus carunculaiua, Forster, Descr. Anim., p. 81
(1844 : New Zealand).
= Creadian carunculaius (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., ill,
p. 144.
See Latham's description of his " Wattled Stare," where he
refers to Dr. Forster's notes.

PL 145. Loaici /urdfw, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 85 (1844 : New
Zealand).
= Tumagra crassiroetris (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., viL,

p. 4.
" Dusky Bay, Queen Charlotte's Sound, April 4, 1773."
PL 146. Turdus hadius, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 239 (1844:
Oriadea).
= Turdua uUeterutia, Gm. ; cf. Seebohm, Cat. B.,y., p. 276,
note. Aplonis inomatay Sharpe, Cat. B., xiiL, p. 135,
note.
" Raietea, ? , June 1, 1774."
Mr. Seebohm (I.e.) considered this figure to be that of a
Merula, and he gave a figure of it in the fifth volume of the
" Catalogue," adding a yellow eyelid, which is not in Forster^s
picture. I cannot identify the species for certain (cf. Cat. B.,
xiii., p. 276, note), but I have little doubt that it is the " Bay

Birds. 195

Tlinish"of Latham's " General Synopsis" (iL, pt. 1, p. 35), und^
IMtu uUetensiSy Gm. The specimen is said to be ''in the
collection of Sir Joseph Banks."

PL 147 A. Turdus pJkenicurus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 404
(1844 ; Cape of Good Hope).
= Cossypha caffra (Linn.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 39.
PI. H7b. Turdus aordidulus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 404
(1844 : Cape of Good Hope).
= Saxicola familiarisy Stephens.
PL 148. Turdus ochrotarsus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 82
(1844: New Zealand). "No. 3. N.Z., Dusky Bay,
March 28th, 1773."
Sir Walter Buller, in his "Supplement" to the " Birds of New
Zealand "(p. 123), separates Miro ochrotarsus from M. albifrons
(Gm.) (c/. Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., iv., p. 235).

He admits two distinct forms of Miro as inhabiting the South
Island of New Zealand, viz., M, albifrons, Gm., " with the
under parts rufescent," and M, ochrotarsus (Forster), " with
almost the entire under parts pale lemon-yellow, and a con-
^icaoos spot of white on the forehead."

Forster's Turdus ochrotarsus is described as having the breast,
abdomen and vent pale " rufescent."

Latham's White-fronted Thrush (Gen. Syn., ii., pt. 1, p. 71) is
described from a specimen, in Sir Joseph Banks' collection, from
"Dusky Bay, New Zealand." It is said to have "the under
parts dirty yellowish buff-colour." From this it would appear
that Miro ochrotarsus (Forster) is identical with M, alhifrons
(Gen. Syst. Nat., i., p. 822) founded on Latham's "White-
fronted Thrush," both having rufescent or buff under parts
Sir Walter Buller's M. ochrotarsus {nee Forster) with the lemon-
coloured belly requires a new name, which I propose to call

PI. 149. Turdus minutus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 83 (1844 :
New Zealand).
= Petroeca macrocephala (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., iv.,
p. 1 76. " Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand."
The type of the " Great-headed Tit " of Latham (Gen. Syn.,
ii'} p. 557, pi. Iv.) is founded on specimens in Sir Joseph Banks
collection.

PL 150. " Turdus diabaphus,"

Museicapa diahaplia, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 267 (1844:
Norfolk Island).

o 2

196 Zoology.

= Petrceca multicolor (Gm.), founded on the Bed-bellied
Flycatcher of Latham (Gen. Syn., iL, pt. 1, p. 343,
pi. 50), *< in Sir Joseph Banks' collection/' probably the
same specimen as was figured by Forster ; cf. Sharpe,
Cat. B., iv., p. 168.
"Norfolk Island, ^, 11th Oct., 1774."
PI. 151. Turdu8 xanthopusy Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 266 (1844 :
New Caledonia).
= Merula xanthopus (Forst.) ; c/. Seebohm, Cat. B., v., p.
276 ; Sharpe in Seebohm's Monogr. Turdid., ii., p. 139,
pi. 126.
This figure represents the type of the species.
PI. 152. Loxia oryx, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 53 (1844).

= Pyromelana oryx (Linn.); cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., ziii.,p. 230.
PI. 153. " Loxia pulchella" FringiUa pulelieUa, Forst., Descr.
Anim., p. 273 (1844: New Caledonia).
= Eryihrura psiitacea (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xiiL, p. 382.
"New Caledonia."
The "Parrot Finsch" of Latham (Gen. Syn. iL, part 1,
p. 287, pi. xlviii.) is founded on Forster's specimens. "Hiis is a
most beautiful species, and was shot by Dr. J. R. Forster at
New Caledonia."

PI. 154. Fringilla Wcincto, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 405 (1844 :

Cape of Good Hope).
This is the figure on which Latham founded his description
of the White-cheeked Finch (Gen. Syn., ii., part 1, p. 278, 1783,
= Fringilla nsstna, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i., part 2, p. 911, 1788).
Latham says : " Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. From a
drawing in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks." This is
Fringillaria capenais (Linn.).

PL 154. Muscicapa cfuWa, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 406 (1844 :
Cape of Good Hope).
= Sphenceacus africanus (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., yiL,
p. 95.
PL 155. Muscicapa ventilahrwny Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 86
(1844 : New Zealand).
= Bhipidura flahellifera (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., iv.,
p. 308.
"Dusky Bay, N.Z., March 28, 1773."

A note on the plate says : " Fan-tailed Flycatcher, LatL,
Gen. Syn., ii., p. 340, no. 33, tab. 49, from this drawing,"
Latham seems to have seen more than one specimen, and does
not specify where his type came from.

Birds. 197

PL 156. Lateoos Flycatcher, Lath., Oen. Syo., ii., pt. 1.,
p. 342 (founded on Forster's drawing), Mwcicapa ItUea^
Gm., S. N., p. 944 ; Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 169 (1844 :
Otaheitee), and M. atra, Forst., te., p. 171.
Is Pomarea nigra (Sparrm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., iv.,
p. 434.
PL 157. Muscicapa chloris, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 87 (1844 :
New Zealand).
= CUtanyx ochrocephdla (6m.) ; cf, Sharpe, Hand-list B.,

iv., p. 1.
"Queen Charlotte's Sound."
Latham specifically mentions that his description of his
Yellow-headed Flycatcher (Gen. Syn., ii., pt. 1, p. 342) was
token from a drawing in the Banksian Collection.

PL 158. Mtudeapa heieroclita, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 271
(1844 : Tana).
= Zotteropa flavifrana (Gm.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat B., ix.,

p. 187.
"Tana, Aug. 7, 1774."
iMham's "Yellow-fronted Flycatcher" was founded on
Forster's drawing, or on specimens in Sir Joseph Banks' Museum.
PL 159. Mu8cieapa nsevia, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 269 (1844 :
New Caledonia).
Is Sjfmmorphus namus (Gm.) ; cf Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 1 10.
This is the figure on which the name of the species was
fottttdei It is the " Naevous Flycatcher," Lath., Gen. Syn., ii.,
pt l,p. 343 (1783), = Mwdcapa nsevia, Gm., Syst. Nat., p. 944.
PL 160. MotaciUa gracuUiy Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 324
(1844 : Tierra del Fuego).
= (Xnclodes pataganicus (Gm.) ; Sclater, Cat. B., xv., p. 22.
Latham's "Patagonian Warbler" is described from a
i^wcdmen in the Leverian Museum.

Pis. 161, 162. Mot<icilla seiicaudci^ Forst., Descr. Anim.,

p. 328 (1844 : Tierra del Fuego).
A MS. note on Plate 161 quotes Latham's reference, and
•<U8: "From this figure and the following."

Is the Thorn-tailed Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., ii., part 2,
p. 463, tab. 62. " Inhabits Tierra del Fuego. In the
collection of Sir Joseph Banks." Motacilla spinicaudu,
Gm., Syst. Nat., i., part 2, p. 978 : Oxyurus spinicaudaj
ScL, Cat. B., XY., p. 30 : Aphrastura apinicauda, Sharpe,
Hand-list B., iii, p. 51.
" Tierra del Fuego, December 21, 1774."

198 Zoology.

PI. 163. Motacilla magellanica, Forat., Descr. Anim., p. 326
(1844 : Tierra del Fuego).
= Sqftalopus mageUanicus (Gm.) ; cf, Scl., Cat. B., xv.,

p. 338).
"Tierra del Fuego, ?, 28th December, 1774."
This drawing is the type of the Magellanic Warbler, Lath.,
Gen. Syn., ii., part 2, p. 464 (from Sir J. Banks' drawings).
PI. 164. Motacilla citrinella^ Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 89
(1844: New Zealand).
Citrine Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., ii., part 2, p. 464 (from

Sir J. Banks' drawings).
" Dusky Bay, New Zealand."
This is the type of Motacilla citrina, Gm., founded on
Latham's "Citrine Warbler." The drawing would appear to
represent an adult female, according to the identifications of
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant ("Ibis," 1905, pp. 595, 596).

PI. 165. Motacilla longipes, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 88
(1844 : New Zealand).
= Xenicu8 longipes (Gm.) ; ScL, Cat. B., xiv., p. 452.
This figure is the type, on which Latham founded the name
and description of his " Long-legged Warbler " ; cf. Gen. Syn., ii.,
part 2, p. 465 (= Motacilla longipes, Gm., ex Lath.). He says
that it was taken from Sir J. Banks' drawings. He also gives
the locality. Dusky Bay, New Zealand, and the native name,
E Teetee tee poinom, evidently copied from this plate.

PI. 166. Parua urostigma, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 90 (1844 :
New Zealand).
= Certhiparus fwvse zealandim (Gm.) ; tf. Gadow, Cat. B.,

viii., p. 76.
*' Dusky Bay. Native name T5e te>e."
This figure represents Latham's description of the New
Zealand Titmouse, Gen. Syn., ii., part 2, p. 558 (undd Farm
novsB zealandise, Gm.). Latham mentions that it was taken from
Banks' Drawings, and therefore Forster's plate becomes the
type of the species.

PI. 167. Hirundo pyrrholeemaf Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 241
(1844 : Otahaitee).
= Hirundo tahiiica, Gm. ; cf, Sharpe and Wyatt, Monogr.

Hirundinidae, i., p. 275.
" Taheite."
Latham speaks of having seen a specimen in the ooUection of
Sir J. Banks, and on this he founded the description of his
" Otaheite Swallow."

Birds. 199

PL 168. Eimndo perumana, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 240

(1844: Otaheitee).
This figure is intended to represent ColhcMa francica (Gm.) ;
^. Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xvi., p. 502 (note).

Ellis' Drawings.

William W. Ellis accompanied Capt. Cook on his third
TDjage, as an artist. His Drawings of Birds consist of 96
illastrations, mostly coloured, and are very passably executed
(ef. Hist. Coll. Brit. Mus., I., Libraries, p. 35).

H. 7. Oriental Falcon, Lath., Gen. Syn., i., p. 34 (1781);
"in the possession of Mr. Banks."
undi Falco arientalisy Gm., Syst. Nat., L, p. 264 (1788)

(cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., i., p. 376).
"Flew on board off Japan. W. W. Ellis ad viv. del. et
pinx., 1779."
A joang Peregrine Falcon.

PL 8. Sirix funerea.

= Surma funerea (Linn.) {cf. Cat. B., ii., p. 131).
Sandwich Sound, N.W. Coast of America.

H. 9. Tabuan Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., i., p. 164 (1781).
undft Lanius tahuenns, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 306 (1788).

ApUmis iabuensis, Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 130.
"The Friendly Isles, 1778."
The Tabuan Shrike was described by Latham from a
^^edmen from Tongatabu in the Leverian Museum, probably
the identical one figured by Ellis.

PL 10. « Pulo Condore. W. Ellis ad viv. delin» et pinx., 1780."
= CiUoeineMa suavis (Scl.) {cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 85).

PI. 11. Parrakeet. " From Middleburgh."

On the plate is written in MS. : " Lath., vol. L, p. 214, no. 16."
On referring to this volume we find the Tabuan Parrot figured
(PL vii.), =^Pntt4icu8 tahuenns, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 317 (1788),
-Pyrrktdopns iahuensU (Gm.) ; cf. Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 494.

Another MS. note on Ellis' plate refers the species to
PiiHaeiu hysginus, of Forster, which Count Salvadori thinks may
^ve been intended for the bird now called Pyrrhulopsis kordoensis,
lAjard (cf. Salvad., <.c., p. 496). This may be the case, but
^ ^^m is not P. tdbuenais, as there is no sign of a blue
ooUar.

200 Zoology.

PI. 12. A red-fronted Parrakeet. Identified in MSS. a^
Paittacua pacijicua, Forster, which is Oyanarhampkut^
novse zealandiae (Sparrm.) (c/. Salvad., Cat. B., zx.,
p. 581).
" New Zealand." " W. W. Ellis ad viv. delin. et pinx.,
1777.
Latham founded his "Pacific Parrakeet" (Gen. Syn., i.,
p. 252, 1781) on a specimen in the Leverian Museum. His
" Var. A " came from New Zealand.

PI. 13. Identified as PaittacuB eueJUoriay Forster. It is the
" Blue-crested Parrakeet " of Latham, Gen. Syn., L, p.
254 (1781), described from a specimen in the Leyerian
Museum, probably the same as that figured by Ellis.
= Vint auatralia (Gm.) (c/. Salvad., <.c., p. 43).
" Friendly Isles." " W. W. Ellis ad viv. etc., 1778."
PL 14. Identified as Paittacua aapphirinua, Forster.

Otaheitan Blue Parrakeet, Latham, <.c., p. 255, = PaUta-

cua taitianua, Gm., Syst. Nat., L, p. 329 (1788).
= Coriphilua taittanua (Gm.) (c/*. Salvad., i.e., p. 46).
" Otaheitee. W. W. Ellis delS etc., 1778."
PI. 15. Identified as Paittacua hypopoUuay Forster.

Is the " Southern Brown Parrot " of Latham (Gen. Syn.,

i., p. 264), from the Leverian Museum.
= Nestor meridlonalia (Gm.) (c/. Salvad., <.c., p. 5).
" New Zealand."
PI. 16. Named, apparently by G. R. Gray, and quite correctly,
Platycercua flaviventria (Temm.) (c/. Salvad., Cat. B.,
XX., p. 545).
"Adventure Bay, New Holland. W. W. Ellis ad vivum
delin: pinxit: 1777."
PL 17. A pencil sketch of a Drongo {Diaaemurua), " Princes

Island and Pulo Condore."
PL 18. Pacific Thrush, Lath.

= Lalage pacifica (Gm.) (c/. Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 97).

"Friendly Isles. W. W. Ellis ad vivum delin. et

pinx., 1778."

The Pacific Thrush was described by Latham (Gen. Syn., ii,

pt. i., p. 38, 1783), from a specimen in Banks' collection, doubtless

the one from which Ellis drew his figure.

PL 19. Is Colaptea auratua (linn.) {cf. Hargitt, Cat. B.,
xviiL, p. 12).
" King George's Sound. W. Ellis del., etc., 1778."

Birds. 201

PI. 20. Is Picoides americanuSj Brehm. (ef. Hargitt, Cat. B.,
xviii., p. 279).
"Norton Sound. W. W. Ellis ad viv. del., etc., 1778."
R 21. Is Sitia europea^ Linn., from *' Kamtschatka. W.

Ellis del, etc., 1779."
lliis would be the form named by Taczanowski Sitia altnfrona,
which Br. Hartert (Vog. Pal. Fauna, Heft iii., p. 331) recognises
18 SiUa europea aUnfrons,

R 22. Is apparently a figure of Todirhamphus mglesuwrthi,
Sharpe, which is T. tutus, Sharpe et auct. passim
(nee 6m.), and is the same as T. veneraius (Gm.).
See my remarks.

"Otaheite. W. W. Ellis ad viv. delin., etc., 1777."
Latham's description was taken from a specimen in the
Lererian Museum, probably the very one drawn by Ellis.

PI. 23. Is the " Respected Kin^her," Lath., Gen. Syn., i.,
pt. 2, p. 624 (1781).
= Todirhamphus tutua (Gm.) (c/. Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii.,

p. 291) = T. veneratus (Gm.).
"Friendly and Society Isles. Otaheitee — Erooroo. Ulietea
— Tautoria. W. Ellis " (no date).
Latham's description may have been taken from Ellis'
Drawing, but does not quite agree.

H. 24. Is Pramerops cafer (Linn.) (c/. Gadow, Cat. B., ix.,
p. 283).
"Cape of Good Hope."
PI. 25. Is Proathemadera novse-zealandise (Gm.) (c/. Gadow,
Cat. B., ix., p. 257). " Certhia circinnata, Forst." is
written in pencil on the plate.
PI. 26. Is Moho nohilis (Merrem) (c/. Gadow, Cat., ix., p. 284).
"Sandwich Isles. W. W. ElHs delin. et pinx. ad viv.,
1779."
Described as the "Yellow-tufted Bee-eater" by Latham
(Gen. Syn., i, pt. 2, p, 683 (1784)).

^ULerops niger, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 465 (1788).

Cf, Acrulocercu8 nchilis, Wilson and Evans, Av. Hawai-

enses, p. 105, pL 40.

H. 27. Is Drepanis pacifica (Gm.) (cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., x., p. 6).

"Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis ad vivum delin. et pinx.,

1779." Cf. Wilson and Evans, Av. Hawaienses, p. 3,

pi. 3).

™ 28. Hemignaihus ohacurw (Gm.) (ef. Sharpe, Cat. B., x.,

p. i).

202 Zoology.

*' Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis, ad viv. delin : et pinx
1779."
Gmelin's Certhia ohacura (Syst. Nat., i, p. 470, 1788), i
founded on the " Hook-hilled Creeper " of Latham, (Jen. Syn., i.
pt. 2, p. 703, pi. xxxiii., fig. 1 (1782). The type was in th«
Leverian Museum, and at the sale of the latter was purchasei
hy the Earl of Derby, and is now in the liyerpool Museum.

On this plate is founded Gray's name of Drepanis eUtsiam
(Cat. B., Trop. IsL, p. 9). Cf. Wilson And Evans, Av. Hawaiensec
p. 67, pi. 28.

PI. 29. Is Vestiaria coccinea (G. Forster) {cf. Sharpe, Cat. B.
X., p. 6).
"Sandwich Isles. W. W, Ellis ad viv. delin. et pinx.
1779." Cf. Wilson and Evans, <.c., p. 9, pis. 5, 6.
PL 30. Crimson Creeper, Latham, Gen. Syn., L, pt. 2, p. 73
(1882).

= Himatione sanguinea (Gm.) {cf Sharpe, Cat. B., x., p. 8

"Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis ad viv. delin. et pinx

1779."

Described by Latham from a specimen in the Leveria

Museum, doubtless the same one as that drawn by Elli

Cf Wilson and Evans, i.e., p. 19, pi. 8.

PL 31. Olive-green Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., i., pt. 2, p. 74
(1782 ; specimen in Leverian Museum).
= Himaiione virens (Gm.) {cf Sharpe, Cat. B., x., p. 9).
"Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1779
Cf Wilson and Evans, i.e., p. 29, pi. 14.
PL 32. Is Selasphorus rufua (Gm.) {cf Salvin, Cat. B., xvi
p. 392).
" King George's Sound."
PL 33. « Anas hyemalis. Kamtschatka. W. W. Ellis ad vi\
etc., 1779."
Is Harelda glacialts (Linn.) {cf Salvad., Cat. B., xxvi
p. 389).
PL 34. " Anas histrionica, Kamtschatka."

= Cosmonetta histrionica (Linn.) ; Salvad., Cat. B., xxvi
p. 395.
PL 35. " Anas stelleri, Kamtschatka."

= Heniconeita sielleri (Pall.); Salvad., Cat. p., xxvi
p. 419.
PL 36. Is Merganser serrator (Linn.) ; Salvadori, Cat. B., xxvi
p. 479.
" Sandwich Sound, N.W. coast, America."

Birds. 203

a 37. Is Lunda cirrhata (Pall.) ; Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 612.
"Coast between Asia and America. W. Ellis ad vivum
delin. et pinx., 1778."
PL 38. Is 8tmorhynchu8 eristatellua (Pall.) ; Grant, Cat. B.,
xxvL, p. 601.
"Bird Island, between Asia and America. W. Ellis ad
yivum, etc., 1778."
R 39. Giant Petrel, Lath., Gen. Syn. iiL, pt. 2, p. 396,
pL c. (1785).
= Osnfraga gigantea (Gm.) ; Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 422.
" Island of Desolation. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1776."
FL 40. Is a species of Puffinus.

"Amongst the ice."
PL 41. Apparently a Dtamedea of some sort (</• Salvin,
Cat B., XXV., p. 441).
"Amongst the Ice. W. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1779."
PL 42. A grey Ossifraga gigantea,

"Amongst the Ice. W. W. Ellis, etc., 1779."
Pl.43. Is Prion desolaius (Gm.) (c/. Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,
p. 434).
"Island of Desolation. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1776."
PL 44. Diamedea exulans (linn.) {cf. Salvin, Cat. B., xxv.,
p. 441).
"At sea between Van Diemen's Land and New Zealand."
PL 45. Two figures of Gatarrha^tes chrysocome (Forst.) ;
Ghrant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 636.
" Island of Desolation. W. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1776."
PL 46. Aptenodiftes paiaganicoy Forst. ; Grant, Cat. B., xxvi.,
p. 627.
"Island of Desolation."
PL 47. Head of Sula cyancps, Sundev. ; Grant, Cat. B., xxvi.,
p. 430.
"Turtle Island. W. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1777."
PL 48. A small figure with head and egg (full-size) of
Phaethm rvhricauda, Bodd. ; Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 451.
"Pahnerston Island. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1777."
PL 49. Is Uria grylle (linn.) ; Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 673.

"Unalaahka. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1778."
PL 50. Is Uria lomoia (Pall.) ; Grant, i.e., p. 577.
"IJnalashka. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1778."
^ 51. Is Bisia tridaciyla (Linn.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv.,
p. 305.
"Kamtschatka. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 1778."

204 Zoology.

PL 52. Is apparently Larus vegm, Stejn. ; Saanders, Gat
XXV., p. 270.
" Kamtschatka. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1779."
PL 53. Is Anou8 stolidus (Gm.) ; Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. \

" Palmerston Island."
PL 54. Is apparently Sterna vittata, 6m. ; Saunders, Cat
XXV., p. 51.
" Island of Desolation. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 17
Latham's "Wreathed Tern" (Gen, Syn., iii., pt. 2, p.
1785), on which Gmelin founded his Sterna vitiata^ was
to be from Sir Joseph Banks' collection. Christmas Idan
a misprint for Christmas Harbour, Kerguelen Land, as has 1
pointed out by Mr. Howard Saunders (Z.c).
PL 55. Sterna serrata, Forst.

= Sterna fuliginoaa, Gm. ; Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p.
" Turtle Island. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1778."
PL 56. White Tern, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., pt. 2, p. 363 (1
from a specimen in the Leverian Museum).
Is Qygis Candida (Gm.) ; Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p.
" Turtle Island. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1778."
PL 57. Sterna frontalis, Gray ; Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p
" At Sea between New Zealand and Modieu. W
Ellis ad viv., etc., 1777."
The name of Sterna striata of Gmelin is founded on
" Striated Tern," Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., p. 358, pi. 98. The
is described from Sir Joseph Banks' Drawings, and Lath
figure is certainly adapted from Ellis' Drawing. S. 9t
appears to supersede S, frontalis as a name for the species.
PL 58. Is Demiegretta sacra (Gm.) (white phase) ; Shi
Cat. B., xxvL, p. 137.
" Friendly Isles."
The Sacred Heron of Latham (Gren. Syn., iii., pt. 1, p
1785), was described from a specimen in the collectio
Sir Joseph Banks, from Otaheite.

PL 59. Is Ohionarchus minor (Hartl.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., s
p. 712.
" Kerguelens Land. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1776."
PL 60. Is probably Limonites minutiUa (VieilL); Sh
Cat B., xxiv., p. 548.
"King George's Sound. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., 17^
PL 61. Is Pelidna americana (Cass.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., 3
p. 608.
'< King George's Sound. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., I

Birds. • 205

FL 62. Is Heieraditis incanua (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p, 453.
"King George's Sound. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc.,
1778."
PL 63. Is Phalaropus hyperhoreua (Linn.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B.,
xxiv., p. 698.
" Between Asia and America. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc.,
1778."
FL 64. Is Shycieophiku glareola (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p. 491.
"Christmas Isla W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1778."
PL 65. Pro8ob<mia ellisi, Sharpe.

" Eimeo or York Isle. * Tete.' "
Thia species is now believed to be extinct, and the only
fpecunen of Pro9ohania known is in the Leyden Museum ; cf.
SchL, Mqs. Pays Bas, Scolopaoes, p. 18 (1864) ; see antea, p. 190,
where I have described Ellis' figure as P. ellisi,

PL 66. Is Aphriza virgata (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p. 208.
"Sandwich Sound."
PL 67. Is JSgialiiia cucullatus (Yieill.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv.,
p. 302.
"Adventure Bay. W. Ellis, ad vivum, 1777."
PL 68 = Charadrius dominicusy P. L. S. Miill. ; Sharpe, Cat.
B., xxiv., p. 195.
"Christmas Isle. W. W. Ellis ad viv., 1778."
PI. 69 = Oallinula aandwichensis, Streets. ; Sharpe, Cat. B.,
zxiii., p. 180.
"Sandwich Isles." Cf. Scott Wilson and Evans, Av.
Hawaienses, p. 156, pi. 55 (1893).
PL 70. Pennula sandwichenM (Gm.).

"Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc."
QT. Wikon and Evans, Av. Haw., p. 175, pi. 57. Here the
whde question of these small Crakes (Pennula) is discussed,
aad Ellis' plate is reproduced for comparison with P. wiUoni,
fbutk

H. 71. Is PUogomaa erythroptera (Gm.); Salvad., Cat. B.,

xxi., p. 600.

" York Isle or Eimeo." " Oo^x) widou. W. W. Ellis ad

viv., etc., 1777."

The plate has been identified as Columha pectaralis by some

«, probably G. R. Gray (cf. Cat. B., Trop. Isl., p. 44).

I't^bim's type d his " Garnet-winged Pigeon " was from Eimeo,

206 Zoology.

and was in the Leverian Museum ; it was probably the ;
specimen figured by Ellis from Sir J. Banks' collection.
PI. 72. lAGlohicerapacifica{Qcm,)\ Salvad.,Cat. B.,xxi.,i
" Friendly Isles. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1778."
PI. 73. Is the "Wattled Stare," Latham, Gen. Syi
part 1, p. 9, pi. 36 (1783), described from a spe
in the Leverian Museum.
= Creadion carunculaius (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p
" New Zealand. W. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc, 1777:
PL 74. Fig. 1 = HesperocieUa nmvia (Gm.) ; cf. Seel
Cat. B., v., p. 176.
" King George's Sound. W. Ellis ad vivum, etc., V
PL 74. Fig. 2 is TurduB migratariua, Linn. ; ef. Seebohm
B., v., p. 220.
" King George's Sound."
PL 75. Is Calliope calliope (Pall.) ; ef. Seebohm, Cat. ]
p. 305.
" Kamtschatka. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1779."
PL 76. Is Tatare longiroatris (Gm.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B.
p. 525 ; id., Handl. B., iv., p. 189.
" Eimeo or York Island."
The type of Latham's " Long-billed Thrush " was from £
and he mentions several other specimens as being in S
Banks' collection from York Island. The species was desc
from a specimen in the Leverian Museum. From one of
birds Ellis' figure was doubtless taken.

PL 77. Is PhseomiM chscura (Gm.), founded on the I
Flycatcher of Latham, Gen. Syn., ii., pt. 1, p.
(1783), described from a specimen in the Le^
Museum, probably the very specimen figured by £
" Sandwich Isles."
PL 78. Is Chraucalua parvirosirisj Gould ; Sharpe, Cat. B
p. 32.
" Adventure Bay, Van Diemen's Land. W. W. El
viv., etc., 1777."
PL 79. Is the "Parrot-billed Grosbeak" of Latham <
Syn., u., pt. 1, p. 108, pi. 42, 1783), described fr
specimen in the Leverian Museum.
= Psittirostra psittacea (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., x., j
" Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis, etc., 1779."
PL 80. Is Calcarius lapponicus (Linn.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B.
p. 579.
" Unalaschka. W. W. Ellis, etc., 1778."

Birds. 207

PL 81. Is Zonoirichia coranata (PalL) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xii.,
p. 600.
"Sandwich Sound W. Ellis ad vivum, etc. 1778."
R 82. Represents the $ of Z. coronata, with nest and eggs

figured.
R 83. Is ManHfringiUa brunneinucha (Brandt) ; Sharpe, Cat.
B., xiL, p. 278.
"Off the coast of Japan. W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1775."
R 84. Is a 9 Brambling, Fringilla montifringiUa, L. ;
Sharpe, Cat. B., xiL, p. 178.
"Off the coast of Japan. W. W. Ellis ad viv., 1779."
R85. Is a ^ Loxopa eoccinea (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B., x.,
p. 50.
"Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis ad. viv., etc., 1779."
R 86. This figure has been identified in MSS. on the plate
as Turdua minuius of Forster.
= PeiroBca macrocepJuda (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., iv.,

p. 176.
"New Zealand. W. W. Ellis ad. viv., etc., 1777."
This identification seems to me to be wrong, and Ellis' figure
if more like Pelrceea ioitoi (Garn.), though the white used for
eokmring the under parts has changed to a dull brown.

R 87. Is ClumempU sandffieensiM (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., iv.,
p. 232.
"Sandwich Isles. W. W. Ellis ad. viv., etc., 1779."
The "Sandwich Flycatcher" of Latham (Gen. Syn., ii., pt. 1,
p. 344, 1783) was founded on a specimen *< in the collection of
Sir Joseph Banks," perhaps the identical' one figured by Ellis.
R 88. Is apparently WiUonia punlla (Wils.) ; Sharpe, Cat.
B., X., p. 435.
"Between Asia and America. W. W. Ellis ad. viv., etc.,

1778."
Cf. Ridgw., Birds, N. and Middle America, ii.
^ 89. Is tyanecula guceica (Linn.).

EryihacuB ecertdeculua, Seebohm, Cat. B., v., p. 308.
"On the ice."
R. 90. Is Saxieola cBnanthe (Linn.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B., v.,
p. 391.
"On the ice. W. Ellis ad viv., etc., 1778."
PL 91. Young WagtaiL

"Caught on board, lat. 66^ W. W. Ellis ad viv., etc.
1778."
^K^weatly a young Mataeilla flaffa.

208 Zoology.

PI. 92 = Tatare sequinoctialia (Lath.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B., m,
p. 528.
AcrocephaluB sequinoctialiSy Sharpe, HandL B., iy., p. 190.
" Christmas Isle. W. W. Ellis ad viv., 1778."
Latham described this bird (€^n. Syn., Suppl. i., p. 187) from
the papers of Mr. Anderson, and does not mention Ellis' Drawiqgi
or Sir Joseph Banks' collection.

PI. 93. Fig. 1. Paru8 insularis, HeUmayr (c/. Hartert, Va^.
Pal. Fauna, i., p. 359).
Fig. 2. Parus minoTy Temm. (c/. Hartert, <.c., p. 346).
" Coast of Japan. W. W. Ellis ad viv., 1779."
PI. 94. Is Parua hudaonicuSy Forst. (c/. Hellmajr, Tierr.
Paridae, p. 71).
" Norton Sound. W. W. Ellis ad viv., 1778."
PI. 95 = Mqluru8 cyaneus (Ellis) ; Cat. B., iv., p. 286.

"Adventure Bay. W. W. Ellis ad viv., 1777."
This is the Tasmanian Superb Warbler, described by me in-
1879 in the "Catalogue of Birds" (iv., p. 287) as MahimM
gouMi, This must now be called Malurus cyaneua (Elhs), ao<^
the Australian species, hitherto called M. cyaneua by anthon^
must bear the name of M, superhus (Shaw).

PI. 96. Is Cdlocalia leucophsea (Peale) ; Hartert^ Cat. B., xvi^^
p. 502.
" Friendly Isles."
Forster's Drawing represents a difierent species to that figorecS
by Ellis, which shows a white rump.

1809-1820.
The Bullock Collection.

When Dr. Leach was Keeper of the Zoological Department,
he represented the British Museum at the sale of Bollock's great
collection, and several birds were bought for the National
Museum. Unfortunately many of the most valuable specimens,
including a number from Captain Cook's voyages, were allowed
to pass into the hands of purchasers from abroad, and left the
country. These specimens were probably acquired by Bullock at
the dispersal of the Leverian Museum.

Professor Newton possesses a copy of the Sale-Catalogue of
Bullock's Collection, and he has most generously lent it to me,
thus enabling me to trace the history of many important

Birds. 209

ipecimens from the collections made during Cook's voyages. As
we gather from Latham's '^ Oeneral Synopsis," quite a number of
& Joseph Banks' birds must have been given by him to Sir
Aihton Lever, instead of to the British Museum.

Professor Newton's copy is marked with the names of the

purdiasers and the prices paid for the specimens.* It is a most

interesting little volume, showing that the sale was attended by

BstnnJists from various countries, Dr. Leach being the purchaser

far the British Museum. From the copy lent me by Professor

Sewton, we learn that Dr. Adams attended for the Edinburgh

Museum, Professor Temminck for Leyden, Mr. Fector for

Yieona, while Baron Laugier represented Paris, and Professor

Lichtenstein, Berlin.

The sale commenced on the 29th of April, 1819, and the
Cfttalogae has, as a frontispiece, a sketch of the " Interior of the
Great Room of the Egyptian Hall." The following is the title of
the "Catalogue ":—

Part First, | containing the first six days' sale. |
Catalogue | {wiihoui which no Person can he admitted to the
View or Sale) \ of the | Roman Gallery, | of | ANTI-
QUITIES AND WORKS OF ART, | and the | London
Museum of Natural History : | (unquestionably the most
extensive and valuable in Europe) | at the | Egyptian
Hall in Piccadilly; | WHICH WILL BE SOLD BY
AUCTION, I positively without the least reserve, | by
Hk. Bullock, | on the premises, | on Thursday the 29'*» of
April, 1819, I And continue every Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, and Friday, till the whole | is sold. | To commence
preMy at One o'clock.

The remaining Parts of the Catalogue, about Twenty days, will
be published with all possible | speed ; the Articles to be viewed
Thre£ Days previous to that on which they are respectively | sold.

William Bullock was, according to the "Dictionary of
National Biography " (vol. vii., p. 256), in 1808 a jeweller and
goUunith in Liverpool, and it was in this town that his Museum
was originally started. In the Zoologicxil Library in the Natural
History Museum is a small octavo tract, being the seventh

* Since ProfeMor Newton drew my attention to the importance of this
'*6ale-(!atalogue" and lent me his copy, on which I have founded my
no^ I have discovered another copy of the same Cutalogae among the
Tneti in the Natural History Museum. It is practically identical with
^nteor Newton's volume, but differs in a few minor details.

▼OL. II. P

210 Zoology.

edition of a guide-book to Bullock's Museum.* It bean tlie
following title : —

A I Companion | to the | LIVERPOOL MUSEUM, |
containing | A brief Description of upwards of Sev«n
Thousand | Natural and Foreign Curiosities, | Ann*
QuiTiES, I and Prodtictians of the Fine Arts, \ collected daiio^
several Years of arduous Research, and at an Expense | of
upwards of Twenty Thousand Pounds, | by | WILLIAM
BULLOCK, I of Liverpool; \ And now open for PaUie
Inspection, in the Great Room, | No. 22 Piccadilly, Landtm,
I which has been fitted up for the Purpose in a maimer
entirely new.

*^ 0 Nature t how in every charm supreme 1
Whose vot'ries feast on raptures ever new,
O ! for the voice and fire of Seraphim
To sing thy glories with devotion due." — Bsattdb.

The Seventh Edition. | Printed for the Proprietor, | by ] -
Richard Cruttwell, St. Jame's-street, Bath. | 1809.

There is an engraved frontispiece, with three figures, of men
in armour of different periods, each figure having a compart-
ment to itself, under a canopy on which appears the word
" MVSEVM." It may have been intended to represent the
entrance to the show, which must have been in existence for
some years, if the *' Companion" had reached its teventh edition
in 1809. The title-page, on its reverse, publishes an announce-
ment that the Proprietor is willing to give the " full value for
rare and uncommon Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, SheUs,
Old Paintings, Carvings on Wood or Ivory, Stained Glass,
ancient and foreign Arms and Armour, or any uncommon Pro-
duction of Art or Nature."

Then follows a list of '* Names of the Ladies and Gentlemen
who have presented curiosities to the Liverpool Museum," but I
do not detect any familiar name among the number of patrons,
though a "George Bullock" will be referred to later on. The
list of donors " non-residents in Liverpool " includes a few more
familiar names, such as S. Polito, Dr. J. E. Smith, Pretideni of
the Linnean Society, Lord Stanley (Knowaley), and a certain J.
Bullock of Surinam,

A Preface, composed after the manner of the time, occupies

♦ On the cover is a printed label : — •* D]£80Rn*nvK Catalogue | of the |
LIVERPOOL MUSEUM, | now open | At the Great Book, | 22Fieeadaiy,
near the HaymarJut"

Birds. 211

xJone pages (v— vii), and is dated from the ** Liverpool Museum,
July 10, 1809." It concludes as follows:— "If this Treatise
then, under all its imperfections, should afford one hour of enter-
tttnment, or assist the researches of those patrons and friends
vho have so liberally countenanced its Proprietor since the
wUhlifthment of his Collection, his hopes are in some degree
exceeded, and his wishes accomplished."

The "curiosities" from the South Seas contain many speci-
maa brought by Captain Cook, and are said to have been once
Ins property, as we are informed in a foot-note; some were
porchafied at the sale of the "late Leverian Museum." Some
feither-<;loaks from the Sandwich Islands are specially mentioned.

Among the " Works of Art " were a " beautiful Equestrian
Model of Edward the Black Prince in Armour, finely executed
by Mr. G. Bullock, of Liverpool " ; and " a small Anatomical
Kgnre, from the original of Dr. Hunter, done in rice paste of its
naioral coUour."

The " Companion to the Liverpool Museum " then proceeds
to the section of " Natural History " (p. 1 2). Among the
''Qaadrupeds" described, mention is made of a " beautiful and
gentle animal, brought from the Slave Coast of Africa ... its
Dinners were quite gentle and mild. It died in the collection of
Mr.Polito, in the winter of 1808, owing probably to the severity of
tk weather." This was the " Palatine Monkey " {Simia Boloway).
Among the rarities of Bullock's Museum were " the Porcupine
Ant-Eater " {Miprmecophaga aculeata of Shaw), " lately discovered
in New Holland," and the Platypus (Platypus anatinus). Of
the Hunting Leopard {Felis jubata) we learn (p. 19) that
"three living ones were shown a few years since in the Tower,
that were part of a pack belonging to the late Tippoo Sultan."

With respect to the Beaver (p. 21), Bullock speaks of a pair
panrhased by Mr. PolitOy for the purpose of exhibiting in his
eeUection. The latter gentleman also presented the skin of a
^ther to the Liverpool Museum (p. 23). Some of Bullock's
ooteB on the Mammals are very interesting, as, for instance, the
iKt that " the Kangaroo may be considered in some degree as
Ditaralised in England, several having been kept for many
years in the Royal domains at Richmond, which have, during
their residence there, produced young, and promise to render this
oxMt el^ant animal a permanent acquisition to the country."

On the Birds many notes are given, which at that time must
J*»ve been very interesting, though they now read a little old-

P 2

212 Zoology.

fashioned. A (Golden Eagle (p. 28) is recorded as "fioelj
preserved in the act of preying on the white hare of Scotland."
The specimen is figured by Bullock in his " Companion to the
London Museum" in 1812 (plate to p. 41), and did duty for
many pictures in popular works on Natural History. Many of
us can still remember this Eagle, with its wings outspread, and
the bloodstains (sealing-wax) on the stomach of the Hare whidi
it held under its feet. The group was purchased at Bullock's
sale for nine guineas by Dr. Leach, and long held a place dE
honour in the British Gallery of the old British Museum.

The Proprietor of the Liverpool Museum apparently had ato
a small menagerie ; he speaks of certain animals which he kqyfe
alive, and a Mocking Bird lived for some time with him (p. 32)»
He gives an elaborate account of the Birds of Paradise in his
collection, and in view of the extinction of some of these beautifoL
birds in the present day by the plume-traders who supply the
ornaments for ladies' hats, it is interesting to read that even in
Bullock's time '^ the extreme elegance of the tail-feathers of this
bird have made them expensive articles of female decoration."

The Humming Bird warrants a long descriptive note on iU
plumage and nest, Bullock's conclusion being as follows : ** Sudi
is the history of this little being, who flutters from flower to
flower, breathes their freshness, wantons on the wings of the
cooling zephyrs, sips the nectar of a thousand sweets, and residei
in climes where reigns the beauty of eternal spring."

In 1807 he visited the Bass Rock and procured several Ganneis
in diflerent plumages, which he describes (p. 38).

From the Leverian Museum Bullock appears to have pur
chased a specimen of the Crowned Pigeon (Ooufa coronaia\ which
'* when living, was many years in the possession of her preeent
Majesty, who presented it to the Leverian Museum " (p. 39).

The Lyre Bird is spoken of as the " Botany Bay Bird of
Paradise" (p. 39).

The " Companion " ends with the following announcement :
" In a short time will be published by subscription, in two vola.|
8vo (dedicated by permission to Lord Stanley), price to nib-
scribers 1/. 4*., An accurate Description of the Subjects o»
Natural History, Foreign and other Curiosities, dec, Ac, &Ci
in the Liverpool Museum, illustrated by upwards of Thirty
Etchings, by Howitt, and comprising such Articles of Natural
History and Antiquity as have been found in Lancashire and
the adjoining Counties."

In 1809, or about that time, Bullock removed the " Liverpool

Birds. 213

MnBeam" to London, and in 1812 he published another guide-
book to his collection, now called the << London MuBeum.^^ The
title is as follows : —

A Companion | to | Mr. Bullock's | LONDON MUSEUM
I and I Panthebiok ; containing | a Brief Description | of
upwards of fifteen thousand | Natural and Foreign Curio-
sities, I Antiquiiiea, \ and | Productions of the Fine Arts,
I eoUected during seventeen Tears of arduous Research, and \

<u an Expense of \ Thirty Thousand Pounds ; | and

now open for Public Inspection in the | Eg^yptian
Temple, | just erected for its reception, in | Piccadilly,
London, | opposite the end of Bond Street; | by W™
Bullock, I Fellow of the Linnean Society, and Honorary
Member of | the Dublin Society. | [Then follows Beattie's
Terse, "O Nature!" etc.] The Twelfth Edition. | Printed
for the Proprietor. | 1812.

It will be noticed that he now states that his Museum had
eost him £30,000, being £10,000 more than was stated in 1809.
Ib the "Address" which takes the place of the "Preface" of
1809, " Mr. Bullock respectfully begs leave to solicit the atten-
tion and patronage of the Nobility, Gentry, and the Public, to
an Establishment for the advancement of the Science of Natural
Bitbrji, which in magnitude and expense, he presumes, is un-
pvalelled, as the work of an individual."

"The very flattering and general approbation which honoured
the exhibition of his Museum on its first opening in a temporary
stoation in London, was a convincing proof that his future
tfots for the extension and improvement of the Collection
vould be duly appreciated. His exertions to obtain articles of
nrity and interest have, therefore, been unceasing. In most
^qpMtments, the subjects have been doubled in number; the
^ecimens are choice, in the highest possible preservation, and
ve arranged according to the Linnean system. They consist of
*boQt Fifteen Thousand species of Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles,
Rihes, Insects, Shells, Corals, etc, etc., collected during twenty
JBVB of unwearied application, and at an expense exceeding
udrty thousand pounds.

"^ In adapting the edifice which Mr. Bullock has just completed
^* his present Collection, by displaying it advantageously for
^ Study of the Naturalist, the Instruction of the Curious, and
(he Amusement of those who are delighted in viewing the

214 Zoology,

Beauties of Nature, or the Curiosities of Art, he has endeavoui
to render it worthy of the British Metropolis, whilst he has a
provided this means for enlargement, as future additions sh
accumulate.

** One department of the Museum (the Pantherion), complet
with much labour and great expense, is entirely novel, ai
presents a scene altogether grand and interesting. Varioi
animals, as the lofty Giraflfe, the Lion, the Elephant, tl
Rhinoceros, 6/c., are exhibited as ranging in their native wil(
and forests ; whilst exact models, both in figure and colour, <
the rarest and most luxuriant Plants from every clime, gii
all the appearance of reality ; the whole being assisted with
panoramic effect of distance and appropriate scenery, affordio
a beautiful illustration of the luxuriance of a torrid clime.

" The Museums of France have been enriched with the spd
of nearly the whole Continent, and the Gallery of the Loun
contains more treasures in Painting and Sculpture than perha]
will ever again be amassed in one Collection. But though h<
active and persevering Ruler, desirous of making his capital tl
centre of attraction, has contributed to the Museum Nature
every specimen of Natural History which in the present state
the Continent could be procured, our unrivalled Navy, and tl
extension of our Colonies throughout the habitable world, prese
such advantages to this country, that the writer feels confidei
that if his exertions are seconded by the Public as they ha
hitherto been, he will very shortly be enabled to make a coll
tion of Natural History far surpassing anything of the kind
present in existence ; and he pledges himself to exert his utm<
power in accomplishing this important work.

" To the numerous RoyaJ, Noble, and liberal Contributors
his Museum, by whose kindness his Collection has been enricl
by so many valuable articles, which could not have been proem
by pecuniary means, Mr. Bullock returns his unfeigned thanks

" When the information and delight which may be deri^
from this Exhibition, especially by the rising generation, are o
sidered, the great sum expended in forming it, and the erect:
of the present large and commodious building for its receptit
the Proprietor trusts that the terms will be approved of.

" Admission to each Exhibition, one shilling Anni

Ticket, not transferable \l. \% Subscriber for Life 10/. IC

*' Museum, Piccadilly,
Uarch 28, 1812."

Birds. 215

Ab in his " Companion to the Liverpool Museum " of 1809, so

in the " Companion to the London Museum" of 1812, Bullock

I^Tes a list of the " Names of the Ladies and Grentlemen who

hftTe presented curiosities to the Museum." Among the names

of ihese donors are those of " Her Majesty " ; H.R.H. the Princess

Charlotte of Wales, T.R.H. the Duke and Duchess of York,

Lidj Banks and Sir Joseph Banks, Capt. Barrow, H.G. The

Doke of Bedford, J. Bullock (Surinam), General Davies, John

Fnncillon, the late B. Gumey of Norwich, J. Irby of Britwell

Hoaae, Maidenhead, A. B. Lambert, V.P, Linnean Society, W. R

Lndi, Sir John Leicester of Tabley, Mrs. Mawe, Mrs. Polito

(heier Change), Jonathan Salt of Sheffield, Dr. J. £. Smith,

hendefU of the Linnean Society, Mr. Sowerby, Lord Stanley,

M.P. (Knowsley),

In contrast to the ** Companion to the Liverpool Museum " of
1809, which commences with a description of the ** Curiosities,"
tbe "Companion to the London Museum" of 1812 commences
with the Natural History specimens.

The number of species exhibited has very largely increased
since 1809, but the descriptive notes of the last edition are
R|)rodiiced, save that when Bullock formerly spoke of a specimen
having been sent '* to the Proprietor of this Museum," he speaks,
in 1812, of the identical specimen as having been sent " to me."

Bollock was his own auctioneer, and prefaced his Sale-
Catalogue with an *^ Address " of three pages, which is somewhat
ttrosing reading, as, for instance, when he deplores that the
siie of the collection renders it impossible for the Proprietor
to "publish the whole of the Auction Catalogue, with that
descriptive accuracy which the subject retjuires, in time for
the reqmsite circulation previous to the commencement of the
sale, etc.

" In submitting the whole of this valuable collection to the
hammer, without the smallest reserve or purchasing in, either
directly or indirectly, Mr. Bullock trusts to the liberality of the
labile, and confidently expects to receive a fair remuneration
for the articles which now compose the London Museum ; a
collection, which is the result of thirty years of unremitting
^tention, under the auspices of the most scientific characters,
not only in this country, but in various other parts of the world ;
snd which has been formed at an expense considerably exceeding
^0,000.

"As many of the articles of Natural History in this Museum
^ve been collected in several places, and under a variety of

216 Zoology.

circumstances, by Mr. Bullock himself, he trusts that his know-
ledge of many particulars, which may add interest or value to
the articles themselves, will be a sufficient apology (if any be
necessary for the manner in which a man chooses to dispose ol
his own property) for his appearing before the public in Uie
new character of an Auctioneer : a character which he hopes to
convince those who may do him the honour of attending the
sale, he has not assumed from any unworthy pecuniary motive,
but from a proper desire to apprize the bidder of the actual
circumstances connected with the article he may wish to bnj,
that he may be fairly and fully in possession of its nature and
character.

" Any catalogue of a sale so various and complicated as this,
must be necessarily incomplete. A catalogue must rather lead
the eye to the article than explain it in detail ; but from the
nature of even one branch of the collection, the Ornithological
department, a detail is utterly impossible within the limits o\
any printed statement intended for general perusal. The almost
exclusive command of the seas, during a protracted war
successively filled this country from every part of the work*
with the most novel and extraordinary specimens in this branch
of Natural History, which generally centred in this Museum
and formed an important part of its extensive attractions
There are many thousands of birds unknown (chiefly owing t<
what we have already said of the maritime nature of the lat<
war) to Continental Naturalists, and for which names are not tc
be found in the Linnean classification. The Proprietor is awan
of what he must suffer from the impossibility of describing ir
detail a very large part of this branch of his collection ; but as
he repeats his fixed determination to sell without reserve, h«
relies that the liberality of the lovers of Natural History, whc
must be aware of the value of particular articles in their brand
of study, which he cannot describe as they deserve, will give
liim that assistance on this occasion to which they may think
his labours entitle him, and his collection deserves : he neithei
asks nor expects more. The Proprietor, as they must see,
availed himself of the great opportunities his country possessed
during the late war of enriching this branch of his collection at
a great expense. He now confidently relies that the result of
his labours will not prove an eventual bar to the laudable
enterprise of future collectors."

It will be noted that Bullock claims to have an important
series of specimens from the ships engaged during the late war.

Birds. 217

and many objects from Captain Cook's voyages are included in
tbe Catalogue.

The First Day's Salb (Thursday, April 29, 1819) consisted
of Roman antiquities, models in rice paste by Mr. Geo.
Bollock, etc Most of these lots were purchased by a Mr. Davis,
mdnding Lot 44, which fetched 33«. and consisted of ** Portraits
of Tarioos British Birds, executed in feathers, and a copy of
Tomiers in coloured straw." A ** curious model of a Man-of-War,
OMT three feet long, made entirely of glass, in a mahogany glazed
cue," having a MS. note added, ** made by the proprietor when a
boy," was sold for seven guineas. Several '' models of Animals
finely executed from life in a manner entirely new," included those
of ft "lion and lioness, very spirited and fine," which was bought
by Mr. Mathieson for £7, and **a large Elephant, a correct copy
of the one lately living at the Jardin des Plantes at Paris," went
to the same gentleman for £5 ; while a Rhinoceros, a Camel, and
ft Boffido and Roman Bull were purchased by Lord Mountmorres
for £19 \U.

Mr. Davis, of Bond Street, purchased Lot 66 for £39. It
wmsisted of " Fifteen different Animals, appropriately displayed
on ft rock, modelled in cork, with foliage carved in ivory, and
inclosed in a large glazed mahogany case ; the animals consist
of the Elephant, Panther, Wild Boar, Zebra, Stag, and Hind,
White Stag, Spotted Axis, Wood Goat (male and female),
(Suunois (male and female). Roe Buck, Blood Hound, and
Itftlian Greyhound, all copied from life, and forming a fine group
for ft public exhibition." " The original model of the Colassal
Stfttae of Napoleon, twelve feet high, which was taken from the
top of the celebrated Column of Peace in the Place Venddme,
when the Allies entered Paris in 1814," was bought for £33 12«.
by Mr. Beckford of Fonthill.

The Second Day's Sale (April 30, 1819) consisted of pictures,
ft few birds, property of Napoleon, etc.

Lot 19. A " Virgin and Child and St. Anthony— Corregio "
fetched £16, and a MS. note says : ** Cost him lOd. and bd.
Ctfriage. Bought at Tivoli, near Rome, where he found it
stopping up the window of a cow-house."

Ix)t 11 was a "portrait of Titian, extremely spirited," by
^i]gione, and fetched 23 guineas. A MS. note informs us
that it was " declared as above by Mr. West, P.R. A."

^e birds were contained in Lots 37 to 44, and are only

218 Zoology.

remarkable for the prices they fetched. They were " arranged
in bell Glasses for Chimney-Piece ornaments."

Lot 37. " A Glossy Thrush — extremely rare," was purchasei
by Lord Stanley for £6, and he bought, for 3 guineas, Lot 43 —
** the Spotted Tanager and Blue Creeper fi-om Senegal ; Tery rare."
These birds would not fetch as many shillings in the present day-

Among the Napoleonic treasures was the " £agle carried
before the Emperor on State occasions." A picture of th<
meeting of the Emperors of France and Russia on the raft a
Tilsit, said to have cost 100 guineas, fetched £16.

The Third Day's Sale, May 4, 1819, consisted of "Birds-
In addition to the private buyers, Dr. Leach purchased for th
British Museum, Professor Temminck for Holland, Mr. Fecto
for Vienna, Baron Logier (Laugier) for Paris, Dr. Adams fo
Edinburgh. Among the names of the private purchasers occu
the names of Sabine, Swainson, Vigors, Yarrell, Leadbettei
Calvert, Hale, Lincoln, Riddell, Lord Stanley, Lord Temple.

Leach purchased among other specimens : —

Lot 16. Ardea pavonia. Crowned Crane (£1).

Lot 29. Ardea garzetta, Little Egret ; very rare, Britis
(22«.). No longer in the British Museum.

Lot 37. Oyster-catchers (2 la.).

None of these appear to be now preserved in the Museum.

Lot 38. New Holland and American Avoset (35«.). Spec,
of Becurvirosira novse hollandiae of my " Catalogue of Birds," vo
xxiv., p. 334, may probably be Bullock's old specimen.

Lot 39. Procellaria gigantea. Giant Petrel ; very fine (258.
Spec, h of Salvin's " Catalogue of Birds," vol. xxv., p. 424, ma
be the old Bullock specimen.

Lot 43. Psophia crepitans. Gold-breasted Trumpeter (ma!
and female), in glass cases (42«.). Probably spec, a of Gray
Catalogue, " GalUnse," p. 73 (1844) : not in the Museum in 189
(Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 279.)

Lot 46. Roller, Coracias garrula; very rare and fir
[** British" added in MS.] (31«. 6d.). (0/. Gray's *• Catologi
of British Birds," p. 36.) It seems to have perished. (C
Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 17.)

Lot 52. Crowned Crane (the female) (£5).

Lot 59. Black Curassow (15«.). This may be the specimc
recorded by Gray under Crax aleetor, spec, a (Gray, Ca
*'Gallin8e,"p. 20,1844).

Lot 70. Nondescript Heron, East Indies (38».).

Birds. 219

Lot 99. Pelecanus bassanus, the Soland Goose (18«.). This
is still in the collection. {Cf, Gray, Cat. Brit. B., p. 245 (1863) ;
Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. B., xxvL, p. 427.)

Lot 109. Cape Penguin (31«. 6<f.). This must be spec, a of
Gray's Catalogue of 1844, p. 154, and spec, e of Mr. Ogilvie-
Grmt's volume (Cat. B., xxvi., p. 650, 1898).

The Fourth Day's Sale (May 5, 1819), consisted of " British
Land Birds,'* a number of which were bought by Sir Thomas
Ackland.

Lot 1. Falco Chrysaetus, the Golden Eagle (male), killed in
Scotland ; finely preser^-ed in the act of preying on the white
hare. This well-known group, which for many years was a con-
spicuous object in the British Gallery at Bloomsbury, was
purchased by Dr. Leach for 9 guineas.

Lot 2 (the female) was purchased by Dr. Leach for 4 guineas,
as was also

Ix)t 3. The young and eg^ of ditto, the only one known in
any collection (35«.).

Lot 5. A female Sea-Eagle ; killed in the park of Sir Joseph
Banks, in Lincolnshire (extent of wing 8 feet 4 in., MS. note) ;
was bought by Sir Thomas Ackland for nine guineas.

Lot 7, a female White-tailed Eagle, was secured by Dr.

Leach for £3 8«., and Lot 8, Two young birds taken in " the Isle of

Hoy, one of the Orkneys," were also purchased by him for £4 4«.

Lot 11. Falco fulvus. King-tailed Eagle (male), went to Mr.

Sabmefor£7 15«.

Lot 12. The female was bought by Leach for £5 5«. ; and
I^t 13, Two young of ditto, was also purchased by him for
^5 15«. 6g?. ; c/. Gray, Cat. Brit. B., pp. 3, 6 (1863).

Lot 22. F. Lanareus, Lanner (male and female). Bought by
Lord Stanley for £2 12*.

Lot 31. Strix Nyctea, Snowy Owl (male), killed in Britain,
▼as purchased by Leach for the enormous sum of 25 guineas.
This bird is no longer in the Museum.

Lot 32. Another Snowy Owl {killed in Shetland by

^f- Edmansony MS. note) was likewise bought by Leach for

^9 10«. It is still in the Museum ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., ii., p. 128.

Lot 34. Strix bubo. Great-eared Owl, was purchased by

Colonel Bullock for £3 10«.

Lot 36*. Strix flammea, White Owl (male, female, and young)
{and tree containing young j MS. note), fetched 15«. Bought by a
Mr. Ashmead.

220 Zoology.

Lot 37. Strix stridula, Tawny Owl, egg and young ones.
Purchased by Leach for 7«.

Lot 38. Strix nebulosa, Barred Owl. Purchased by Dr. Leach
for £2.

What bird this could have been I have been unable to
determine. It was not the true Strix nehuhsa, as in 1875, when
I published the second volume of the ** Catalogue of Birds," the
Museum only possessed one specimen of this species, presented
by Lord Odo Russell (c/. Cat. B., ii., p. 258, 1875). Bullock's
specimen may have been S. lapponicum, spec. a. {cf, Sharpe, <.c.,
p. 255).

Lot 52. A nondescript Cuckoo, perfectly white, less than half
the size of the common ; taken in Cornwall, and sent to Sir
Joseph Banks ; the only one known. Bought by Mr. Sabine for
3 guineas (the Museum copy says by Dr. Leach).

Lot 58. Merops Apiaster, Bee-eater ; very rare. Bought by
Col. Bullock for Us.

Lot 66. Turdus roseus, Rose-coloured Thrush (female), taken
in the Orkneys, 1818 ; extremely rare. A MS. note states that
it was killed in the garden of the Rev. Mr. Hamilton, Isle of
Hoy. Lord Stanley bought the specimen for 3 guineas.

Lot 67. Turdus roseus, Rose-coloured Thrush (male) ; very
fine. Bought by Sir Thomas Ackland for £5 6«. A MS. note
states that it *^ flew against the light House of Isle of Sanda and
was killed. Sent to Mr. B[ullock] by Mr. Strong."

In the Museiun copy this specimen is said to have been
bought by Dr. Leach, but there is no example recorded by G. R.
Gray as being in the British Museum in 1863.

Lot 102. Little Bustard, Otis tetrax (male) ; extremely rare.
Purchased by Dr. Leach for the British Museum for £10. This
is spec, h of Gray's "Catalogue of British Birds" (p. 134),
recorded as from " Norfolk," from Mr. Bullock's Museum. In
our official copy I lincl that I have a MS. note from the Rev.
O. Pickard-Canibridge to the effect that this individual was
killed by the Rev. G. Pickard-Cambridge, at Walmwell, Dorset-
shire. This locality is given by me in the " Catalogue of Birds "
(vol. xxiii., p. 290). Professor Newton has added a note to his
copy of Bullock's Sale-Catalogue : " The Rev. O. Pickard-
Canibridge, says (in lltt., Nov. 2, 1877), that his father sent
Bullock a female Little Bustard killed at Walmwell in Dorset in
the late autumn or beginning of winter alx)ut or before 1818."
This was probably the female (Lot 103) which was bought for
8 guineas by Mr. Brooks, at whose sale, according to Professor

Birds. 221

Newton, it formed No. 43, Lot 6 (Sale-Catalogue, 15th day,
August, 1828, p. 95). The specimen in our Museum is a male^
&nd it is probable that the locality for it is correct, and that
Mr. Pickard-Cambridge was mistaken as regards this Museum
^)eciiQeD.

Of the " British Water Birds," according to the Sale-
Catalogue m our Museum, Dr. Leach bought Lot 108, Crane, A.
Gms, extremely rare, for £6 ; but Prufessur Newton's copy says
that the bird was " shot by Lord Gage in Britain " and purchased
by Mr. Sabine. There is no mention of a Crane in Gray's " List
of Gralla," and the purchase by Mr. Sabine was probably correct.

Lot 110. The Great White Heron, A. Alba, very rare, said
to have been purchased by Dr. Leach, had not survived till 1844,
as it is not mentioned in Gray's " List of Grallse, etc."

Lot 113. Scjuacco Heron, A. Comata, very rare, seems to
have met a similar fate.

Lots 116, 117, Gardenian Heron, were also both purchtisedby
Br. Leach, but are no longer in the Museum.

The Fifth Day's Sale (Thursday, May 6, 1819) began
with the British Water Birds. No. 15, Greenwich Sandpiper,
has a MS. note in Professor Newton's copy : *' Shot near Edin-
burgh. Supposed to have been a young Reeve." This was
spec.]) of the Ruff in Gray's " List of Grallae," 1844, p. 103, and it
occurs in his Catalogue of 1863 (p. 164). It could not have been
kept, as I did not find it when I wrote the " Catalogue of Birds."

Lot 29 contains the Corn Crake, Rallus Crex, with its egg ;
" Common Gallinule, Gallinula clilorojjus (male and female). These
q)ecies were taken in the Isle of Tristan d'Ancuna." The latter
bird must have been Porphyriornis nesioiia, described by Dr.
Sdater in 1861 from living specimens presented by Sir George
Grey to the Zoological Gardens (</. Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 166).
IWessor Newton's copy of Bullock's Sale-Catalogue has a note
that this Lot 29 was purchased by Dr. Leach, but I cannot trace
the specimens in the Museum records. The Museum copy says
that a Mr. Winn was the purchaser, and if this were the case,
these Moorhens did not come into the Museum.

Lot 43. Great Auk, Alca ImpennLs (male), a very fine
specimen of this exceedingly rare bird, killed at Papa Westra in
^ Orkneys, the only one taken on the British coast for many
years; and an egg; in glass case. These specimens were
pwchaaed by Dr. Leach for £16 5«. 6^. They are still in the
MmeoiQ, the bird being a very fine one, but the egg \s not a good

222 Zoology.

specimen, having been bleached by exposure to the light for til
years in the old British Museum at Bloomsbury.

Dr. Leach also bought the next Lots, 44, 45, 46, 48, *
including Razor-Bills, Puffins, Guillemots, eic. They w<
mentioned by Gray in 1863 in his ''Catalogue of British Bird
but very few were retained by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant when he wn
the twenty-sixth volume of the " Catalogue of Birds."

Lot 61, "An undescribed Gull, much allied to the Arc
[Tern], but much superior in size, killed at Brighton," ^
apparently the specimen of the Gull-billed Tern (Sterna anglu
recorded by Gray as from " Great Britain. From Mr. Bullocl
Collection," in his "Catalogue of British Birds," 1863, p. 24
Tt has since been destroyed, having fallen into bad conditic
and was not recognised as the specimen purchased by Leach.

No. 68. The great white-winged Gull, Larus Glaucus, lat(
killed in Shetland and Northumberland ; a fine adult male ai
female, and the young of the first year. These were bought
T^ach for £6 16«. 6d. One of the young birds is still in t
Museum (c/. Howard Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 293).

Lot 78. " An undescribed Petrel with a forked tail, taken
St. Kilda in 1818 ; the only one known." This was bought
liOach for £5 158., and is apparently the specimen described
Temminck as Procellaria leachii (" Man. d'Orn.," ii., p. 812).

No. 79. Glariola austriaca, Austrian Pratincole (male), kill
in Shetland. The second specimen killed in Britain. jS
Montague and Linnean Transactions. This is said to have be
purchased by Dr. Leach for eight guineas. There is no trace
the specimen at the present time, and it was apparently not
the Museum in 1863 (c/. Gray, Cat. Brit. B., p. 137).

Lot 83. Red-breasted Goose, shot near Berwick, w
purchased by Leach for £27. It is still in the British Museu
(c/. Gray, Cat. Brit. B., 1863, p. 185; Salvad., Cat. B., xxvi
p. 126, 1895).

Lot 89. Eider Duck (male and female). Young ones, nest
eider, and eggs, taken on Papa Westra, one of the Orkneys,
1812. These were purchased by Leach for £2, and are mc
probably the series mentioned by Count Salvadori as havii
" no locality " (Cat. B., xxvii., p. 429).

Lot 97. Rufous Duck (A. Nyroca) ; rare (male and femal<
Purchased by Leach for £4 8«. They are recorded by Gray
1863 as having been from the London market, but the only oi
now remaining seems to be the male recorded from " England
by Count Salvadori (Cat. B., xxvii., p. 348).

Birds. 223

Lot 114. A white variety of the Shag, and a ditto of the Jay.
The Shag has disappeared, but the Jay is mentioned by Gray in
1863 (p. 85) and by ine (Cat. B., iii., p. 94).

Eleventh Day's Sale, May 18, 1819. This day was again
devoted to birds.

Lot 4, "Crimson-breasted Woodpecker, Picus Olivaceous («ic /),
the specimen brought by Capt. Cook,'' was bought by Baron
Laogier for 12a., who also purchased Lot 5 (male and female
Sacred Kingfisher) for 13«.

Lot 6, Gigantic Heron (" female," in Prof. Newton's Cata-
logae), was bought by Dr. Adams for Edinburgh for 39«. The
flame gentleman purchased the next. Lot 7, a male of the same
^tedes, " a noble specimen in the finest plumage," but he had
to pay £8 for it.

Mr. Vigors and Mr. Swainson likewise purchased specimens
on this occasion, and a good many were secured by Mr. Fector
for Vienna.

Lot 19. Belted ELingfisher, Alcedo Alcyon, and an undescribed
q)ecie8 from the Sandwich Islands, were bought by Dr. Leach for
a guinea. I have been unable to trace them, so far, in the
British Museum cabinets.

Lot 31. Pigmy Auk, Aptenodytas pygmsea, " very rare : the
<mly specimen in Britain," fetched 35«. from Mr. Leadbeater.

Lot 32. A Beef -eater, Buphaga af ricana, from Africa, fetched
£2 4i. from a Mr. Hobart — an enormous figure.

Lot 33. A Black-bellied Darter or Anhinga, Plotus melano-
gaster, wag purchased by Mr. Vigors for 53«.

Lot 35. A "beautiful undescribed Roller from Africa; the
only one known," was bought by a Mr. Riddell for £4.

I^ach purchased a number of the Petrels, spending more
than £25 on the following numbers :
Lot 39. Stormy Petrel (10«. 6d.).
Lot 41. Pintado Petrel, P. capensis (16«.).
Lot 42. Black Petrel, ^quinoctialis (£6 16«. 6d !).
Lot 43. Great Petrel or Mother Carey's Groose, P. gigantea ;
a fine specimen, 3 feet long (£10 !).

I^ 44. Sooty Petrel, P. grissea (male and female) (£3 6«.).
lot 45. Cinereous Petrel, P. cinerea, "from Tristran
d'Acunha," MS. note in Professor Newton's copy (£2 16«.).

Ixjt 46. Two Petrels, undescribed, " brot. home by Cook,"
MS. note m Professor Newton's copy (19«.).
Lot 47. Two ditto, ditto (24«.).

224 Zoology.

The next lot was bought by Mr. Fector for 27*. It is
described as

Lot 48. A Scallop Toad Darter, undescribed, from Cayenne.
It was doubtless an example of the Heliomis fulica^ which has
scalloped toes, but is hardly a Darter !

Lob 56. Grey Tern, Latham MS., was bought by Professor
Temminck for 18«.

Lot 57. Wreathed Tern, S. Vittata, "from Sir Jo. Banks"
(MS. note in Professor Newton's copy), went to Dr. Leach for
16«.

Lot 60. Tern, unknown, Leach bought for 8«.

Lot 61. "The Tailor Bird, with its curious nest, from the
Leverian Museum ; the only ornithological specimen from that
collection in the sale.'' This was purchased by a Mr. Ledbrook
for £2 7s, On the 17th day's sale a pair of the same species
with nest (Lot 91) was bought by Lord Stanley for £3 15«.

Lot 62. Peacock Pheasant, East Indies, very rare. Bought
by Dr. Leach for 5 guineas.

I^)t 64. Jungle Cock, Phasianus varius, very rare ; supposed
to be the original stock of our domestic fowls. This was secured
by Baron Laugier for 6 guineas.

Lot 65. Short-tailed Crow, Corvus Brachyurus ; very rare
(£2 2s.),

Lot 66. Hawkesbury Duck, New Holland (30«.).

The above were purchased by Dr. Leach.

Lot 67, Lobated Duck, New Holland, was bought by the
Linnean Society for £2 13«. The Society also bought Lot 97,
Emew (£10 10«.), and 98, Lesser Emew (£7 10«.), Lot 106,
Ardea Antigone, 5 feet high (£6 6«.).

Lot 80, the Jacamarciri, or Great Jacamar, Galbula grandis,
was bought by Dr. Adams for 10 guineas.

Lot 81. Guinea Tody, Latham MS.

Lot 83. Afiican Tody, ditto.

Lot 85. Sharp-tailed Nuthatch, ditto.

Lot 86. Boat-billed Tody, ditto.

None of these lots were purchased by Leach, and several
birds marked as " unknown " or " undescribed " were also passed
by him.

Lot 93. Three-toed Ostrich, Struthio camelus Americanus
(an early instance of the employment of trinomial nomenc-lature
in Great Britain !). Bought by Dr. Adams for the Edinburgh
Museum, for £2 4«.

Lot 94. The Ostrich, S. Camelus (a fine full-grown male),

Birds. 225

10 feet high ; beautifullj preserved, and in the highest preserva-
tion. Bought by Professor Temminck for £38 6«. M.

Lot 105. Wattled Heron, Ardea Carunculata ; a noble
q)edmeii, near 6 feet high ; from the French Museum. Pur-
diised by Mr. Leadbeater for 7 guineas. The reference to the
"French Museum'' probably means that it formed part of the
loot taken by the Allies on the occupation of Paris.

Lot 116 was a '* Beautiful nondescript diminutive species of
Woodpecker, from Africa ; the smallest known.'' This was bought
by Mr. Fector for 12«. for Vienna.

Lot 117. A Ditto was bought by Mr. Vigors for 13«.

Lot 118. A Scarlet Ibis, Tantalus Ruber ; an adult bird, in
the finest plumage. This was bought for 4 guineas by '' Mr.
Ledbrook for Lord Temple," as a MS. note in Professor Newton's
copy infonns us.

The Twelfth Day's Sale, Wednesday, May 19, 1819, con-
sated of " Foreign Birds." A certain Mr. Bell, '' of Buckingham
Street," bought many of the lots, as did also Mr. Vigors and
Lord Stanley. Dr. Leach does not appear as a bidder on this
day, but many specimens were purchased by Professor Temminck,
Biron Laagier, and Mr. Fector. The latter secured Lot 121 for
£2 15«., consisting of the " Red-breasted Roller from Mexico,
extremely rare. Latham's Supplement, vol. ii., p. 125."

For Lot 111, a '* Beautiful Blue Crow, from Mexico," un-
deecribed, Lord Stanley paid £16 5«. 6d., and for the previous
I^ 110, a "Peruvian Jay, C. Peruvianus ; very rare," Baron
Laogier paid the enormous sum of 17 guineas !

"Part Third" of the Sale-Catalogue announces a further
uction of six days' duration, commencing on Thursday, the
20th of May, 1819, the Fifteenth Day. Leach appeared again
<Hi the scene, but bought very little. The bidders from Holland,
Prance, and Austria were as keen as ever, and Mr. Vigors and
Mr. Swainson purchased some lots, principally South American
lardg undetermined, and some Toucans.

Lot 35, Puff-backed Shrike, Latham MS. (male and female),
went to Mr. Fector for £1 11«. 6d.

Lot 64. *' A splendid nondescript species of Lanius [altered
^ Comw in MS. in Prof. Newton's copy], the largest and most
^tifal known; sent to Europe by P^rouse, and perhaps the
<nly remaining memento of his voyage." This specimen fell to
Hr. Leadbeater for £7 17a. 6(2.

▼OL IL Q

226 Zoology.

Lot 71, Genoese Eagle, Latham MS., killed in 1814 near
Grenoa, was purchased by Mr. Vigors for 32«.

Many species of the Accipitres are said to be " unknown."

Lot 79 was in the latter category, but Professor Newton's
copy has a MS. note " bro^ by S^ Joseph Bankes." The Lot was
bought by Dr. Leach for 4 guineas.

Lot 97. Zone-tailed Eagle, bought by Leach for 30a.

Lot 113, an Egyptian Vulture (female), was also purchased
by him for £2 Us. 6(i.

Lot 121. << White Jer Falcon, Falco Islandicus; a beautiful
specimen of this exceeding rare British bird, in its snow white
plumage." For this specimen Leach gave £10, but it is no longer
in the British Museum.

Although many of his purchases were afterwards found in the
last-named Museum, there is no absolute proof that he was acting
on behalf of that institution. As Professor Newton observes in
his copy of Bullock^s Sale-Catalogue, " The specimen of the Jer
Falcon is not included in the List of Birds in the British
Museum. Hence Dr. Leach may have bought other things not
for the Museum, or some may have been destroyed since, e.g.
the Aust. Pratincole." From the evidence of his " Catalogue of
Mammals and Birds," 1816, it would seem as if Leach had s
private collection.

For Lot 1 26, a pair of the " Cserulescent Hawk," i.e, the Small
Falconet, of Java, Baron Laugier gave the extravagant (according
to our notions of the present day) price of £5 15«. 6c2. !

The Fourteenth Day's Sale took place on the 21st of May,
1819, and consisted of " Birds of the Psittacus or Parrot Genus;
of which this collection contains perhaps a greater variety, and
more undescribed species, than any other ; many of them were
brought by Sir Joseph Banks, in his Voyage of Discovery with
Captain Cook ; and are in no other collection."

It is difficult to understand why Banks, who was a Trustee of
the British Museum and a liberal donor to our institution, should
have parted with his specimens of birds to Bullock and the
Leveiian Museum.

The following were bought by Dr. Leach : —

Lot 15. Yellow-winged Parrakeet, P. verescens (15«.).

Lot 19. Horned Parrakeet, P. comutus ; brought by Sir
Joseph Banks from the South Sea ; the specimen described by
Doctor Latham (£5 10«.). This was doubtless the typical bird

Birds. 227

from which Forster's sketch was taken. The specimen is
mentioned in Gray's list of Paitttmdse (p. 7), 1859, but seems
to have been diseased by Count Salvadori in 1891 (<•/. Cat. B.,
XX., p. 501).

hit 27. Great Pacific Parrot, Latham MS., unique (34«.).

Lot 30. Pacific Parrot, P. Australis ; very rare ; South Seas
{26t).

Lot 32. Undescribed Parrot ; brought by Sir Joseph Banks.
Bought by Lord Stanley for £3.

Lot 33. Undescribed Parrot. " This and the last are not
known in any other collection." Dr. Leach brought this lot for
£2 I2t. 6(2. In the Museum copy of the Catalogue, Lord Stanley
is noted as the purchaser.

Lot 42. Parrot undescribed ; from the South Seas ; brought
fay Sir Joseph Banks. Purchased by Dr. Leach for £3 10a.

No. 43. Beautiful Small Parrot, undescribed ; it was killed on
a Tine in the garden of Colonel Johnson, at Port Jackson, and is
the only one ever seen in the colony. This lot was purchased by
the linnean Society for £4 18«.

Lot 56. Wave-headed parrot, Latham MS. ; new. Fetched
£2 13«.

Lot 60. Sanguine-bellied Parrot, Latham MS. ; new. Fetched
271

Both the above were bought by Lord Stanley.

Lot 69. Crimson-winged Parrot, P. Erythropterus (male and
female), a most beautiful species ; brought in Captain Flinders'
▼ojage of discovery from the north coast of New Holland.
Boq^t by Sir T. Coates for £6 ISs. [In the Museum copy the
name is given as Sir C. Coote].

Lot 71. Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, P. Sulphureus.
Bought by Dr. Leach for £2 10«.

Lot 77. Banksian Cockatoo, P. Banksi. Linnean Society,
for £3.

Lot 78. A splendid species of Black Cockatoo, with scarlet
taQ (nude and female) ; undescribed.

Lot 93. A pair of beautiful Yellow Macaws (male and
female), from the Spanish main ; undescribed. Purchased by
Lord Stanley for £21.

Lot 114. Southern Parrots (male and female), P. Nestor,
^»y fine, and extremely rare ; brought by Sir Joseph Banks
f"«tt the South Seas. Bought by Dr. Leach for 1 6 guineas. This
"P^cuoen is apparently still in the Museum, as Count Salvadori

Q 2

228 Zoology.

in his ''Catalogue of Birds'' mentions a specimen of Netimt
meridionalis from New Zealand, from Capt. Cook's voyages
(r/. Cat. B., XX., p. 5 (1891)).

The Fifteenth Day's Sale took place on Tuesday, May 28,
1819. It still consisted of Birds — " Herons, Ducks, Wood-
peckers, Bee-eaters, tkc."

A certain Captain Laskey bought several lots, as did a
Mr. Molinari, who had purchased a few lots in the sales of the
previous days. Lots 7, 14, 37, 39, 41, 52 are marked as "sold,"
having apparently been disposed of before the sale commenced.

Lot 8. Undescribed Heron. Purchased by Mr. Fector foi
Vienna (£2 2«.).

Lot 9. Beautiful Heron ; unknown. Bcmght by Prof.
Temminck (13«.).

Lot 10. Roufous Heron, undescribed ; from " Xew Holland,''
corrected in MS. in Professor Newton's copy to " S. America."
Bought by Prof. Lichtenstein (14«.).

Lot 16. Unknown Heron. Bought by Lord Stanley (17«.).

Lot 17. Small Bittern ; undescribed. Bought by Prof.
Temminck for I guinea.

Lot 27. Ibis ; unknown. Lord Stanley (28«.).

Lot 28. Patagonian Penguin, A. Patachonica. Mr. Led-
brook (2L8.). He also bought several other lots, presumably
for Lord Temple.

Lot 51. Albatross, Diomedia Exulans. A MS. note in
Professor Newton's copy adds : ** From Tristan d'Acunha." Lord
Stanley bought this lot for £6.

Lot 54, Spotted Shag, is entered twice. [See No. 64.]

Lot 59. A Harlequin Duck, A. Histrionica. A MS. note
in Professor Newton's copy adds : " Killed in Orkneys." It
was bought by Dr. Adams for Edinburgh for a guinea.

Lot 79. (xrey-headed Woodpecker, P. Canus. The locality
is entered in Professor Newton's copy as ** Siberia." Swainsoo
gave 168. for the specimen.

Lot 88. A ''Pair of Brown Woodpeckers; undescribed.'
Bought by Baron Laugier for 22«.

Lot 90. Unknown [Woodpecker]. Bought by Swainsonfor 8#.

Lot 91. Ditto. Bought by Molinari for 7«.

Lot 92. Undescribed (11#.). Lot 93. Ditto (20«.). Both
bought by Swainson.

Several lots of Honey-eaters follow, the species being described
(evidently by Latham) as Gold-winged Bee-eater^ etc.

Birds. 229

Lot 104. Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Merope cyanops. " New
Zetland " (according to the MS. note in Professor Newton's
eopj). Bought by Temminck for 20a. This specimen is Ento-
iqfza cuanoiiff and formed the subject of Plate 471 of the
"Planches Coloriees." Dr. Finsch, writing to Professor Newton
in 1900, states that it is still in the Leyden Museum.

No. 109. Tellow-tufted Bee-eater, M. Fiesiculatus, was bought
hj Lord Stanley for 19«. A MS. note in Professor Newton's
eopy adds : " Bro* by Capt. Cook."

Na 112. Swallow-tailed Bee-eater, Latham MS.; ''from
Abyssinia " (MS. note in Professor Newton's copy). Bought by
Prof. Lichtenstein for 26#.

Lot 120. [Following on several " unknown " and " undescribed "
fiee-^aters] Two undescribed species [of Bee-eaters]. Bought by
Temminck for 20a. Professor Newton thinks that one of these
may hare been M, hullocki {cf. Donovan, Nat. Repository, i., p.
to pL cxxxvii). A MS. note in his copy adds that these birds
were from New Holland.

Dr. Leach does not seem to have been pi*esent at this
day's sale.

The Sixteenth Day's Sale took place on Wednesday,
May 26, 1819. Still more birds put up to auction, and Dr.
Leadk was present, all the other purchasers being there as usual.
Many "unknovm" Pigeons were bought by Baron Laugier,
Professor Temminck, Lord Stanley, Mr. Vigoi-s, Mr. Molinari ;
and Lot 1 by Mr. Fector.

Lot 22. Dr. Leach bought an " unknown Pigeon," which is
said, in a MS. note to Professor Newton's copy, to have come
from the " S. S. Voyages " (10«.).

No. 28. Hook-billed Pigeon (female) from Senegal, purchased
by Swainson for 8«., may well have been his type of Treron
mdworiris.

Lot 30. A Crowned Pigeon, C[olumba] Con>nata, purchased by
a Mr. Lincoln for 35«., is stated in a MS. note to Professor Newton's
copy to have been the " property of late Princess Charlotte."

Lot 40. A magnificent undescribed species of Pigeon, from
the north coast of New Holland, " in Flinders' Voyage " (MS.
note in Professor Newton's copy). This was bought by Baron
Laugier for £4 14«. M.

Lot 70. BufT-breasted Partridge, Latham's MS. [" and of his
^k," MS. note]. Bought by Professor Temminck for 208.

230 Zoology.

Lot 73. Dusky-breasted Partridge (female), Latham I^
Bought bj Lord Stanley for £2 4«.

Lot 8L Spotted-necked Quail, Latham MS., also bought
Lord Stanley, for £1 \U. 6d[.

Dr. Leach does not seem to have bought more than one
at this day's sale. Perhaps his money was exhausted and '
prices were too high. On this occasion Mr. Ledbrook was biddi
for the Marquess of Buckingham, as Professor Newton's a
records that he gave £30 for a pair of cases (Lot 110) w
Crocodiles, Lizards, etc.

Lot 119, which concluded the sale, contained a magnifia
specimen of the Japan Peacock (male and female) and a W
Turkey, in the mahogany glass case; the whole of the bi
in which were presented by her late Majesty to the Musev
The lot was separated " by desire," and Mr. Warwick bou^
the male Peacock for £9, and Baron Laugier secured the femj
Peacock for £3 98., and the Turkey for 7 guineas.

The Seventeenth Day's Sale took place on Thursdi
May 27, 1819, and Dr. Leach was not present.

Lot 24. Several species of American Fringillas, "four
different" (MS. note). Purchased by Mr. Vigors for 11«.

Lot 32. Pair of beautiful Goatsuckers ; unknown (J&2 168.)

Lot 33. A beautiful Long-tailed Goatsucker, undescribe
from Africa (£3 38.). These two lots were bought by Coloi
Brewer or Bruen.

A pair of Argus Pheasants in a mahogany case fetch
£29 188. U, (Warwick).

Lot 46. A Red-legged Partridge, T[etrao] Rufous {bi
"killed in Suffolk on grounds of Lord Rendlesham," fetch
278., and was bought by Mr. Ledbrook.

Lot 54. Chinese Jacanu, P[arra] Sinensis. Bought by Bar
Laugier for 4 guineas. A MS. note in Professor Newton's oo;
adds : " Sent to B. [i.e. Bullock] from French Museum. Uniq
in this kingdom."

Lot 60. White Gallinule, F[ulica] alba. New Zealand, rar
brought by Sir J. Banks. Purchased by Lord Stanley for 3 guinei
It is an albino of Porphyrio melanonotus, and of the specimen
full history is given by Dr. H. O. Forbes in the " Bulletin "
the Liverpool Museums for May 1901 (vol. iii., No. 2, pp. 62-6^
Further remarks are to be found in Sir Walter Bullei
" Supplement to the * Birds of New Zealand ' " (vol. i., p. 73, noU

Birds. 231

Lot 68*. Pair of Dusky Rails. Purchased by Prof. Temminck
lor9«.

Lot 77, containing Birds of Paradise in a case, the most
complete collection known. This case was broken up and the
inrdfl sold in lots on the nineteenth day of sale.

Lot 85. Pair of great cases of Warblers, Motacilla.
This case also was divided and sold on the twenty-fourth
dftj of sale.

Lot 86. The *' collection of Buntings, Emberiza," was likewise
diyided up into lots.

Lot 87. " A magnificent species of Turkey, from the Bay of
Honduras, undescribed ; it was sent as a present to Sir Henry
Hallord, and died on its passage : the only one known. Baron
Laogier bought it for £34 12«.

Lot 101. Hook-billed Green Creeper, C[erthia] Obscura, was
bought by Prof. Temminck (£2 2«.).

Lot 102. Great Hook-billed Creeper, C. Pacifica ; also bought
by Prot Temminck (£4 4«.).

Lot 103, Hook-billed Red Creeper, C. Vestiaria. Bought by
Mr. Fector for 24«.

Lot 104. Ditto (male and female), bought by Mr. Molinari.

A note informs us that '^ The last four lots are used by the
natives of the Sandwich Islands in the manufacture of their
beautiful dresses." There can scarcely be any doubt that some
of these specimens were from Capt. Cook's voyages and were
doubtless the originals of those figured by Ellis.

The Eighteenth Day's Sale, May 28, 1819, was principally
devoted to Shells, Corals, etc. Dr. Leach bought several lots,
but none of the Birds, of which there were a few.

Lot 66. White-crowned Thrush, new; Latham MS. Lord
Stanley (33«.).

Lot 68. A Crimson and Black Thrush, from Mexico ; un-
described. Lord Stanley (£5).

Lot 69. Rose-coloured Thrush, Turdus Koseus ; rare ; a fine
male. " Shot in Scotland " (MS. note). Mr. Vigors (£2 3».).

Lot 91. Pair of Chinese Swallows; very rare; with speci-
>n«nB of their curious Nest, of which the Chinese make soup.
"Brot. home by S'" J. Bancks" (MS. note). A Mr. Buckingham
bought this lot for £5.

Lot 95, Thrushes, and Lot 96, Grosbeaks, were, by consent
<rf all parties, to be divided into smaller lots.

232 Zoology.

In the Museum copy there is a title-page to the next part oC^
the Sale-Catiilogue, which is missing in Professor Newton's cc^y.
It is entitled <' Part Fourth, containing the 19th, 20th, 21st and
22nd days* sale," etc. etc.

The NiNETEhNTH Day's Sale occuired on June 1, 1819.
Dr. Leach bought a few birds, as follows : —
Lot 16. Fine specimen of Mother Carey's Goose (£5 5«.).
Lot 66. Chocolate Falcon, " Amer. Orn. " (£1 1«.).
Lot 78. Two Hawks, from North America (12«.).
Lot 79. One Hawk and a Butcher Bird (12«.).

On the Twentieth Day's Sale, Wednesday, June 2, 1819,
more birds were sold, but Dr. Leach does not seem to have put
in an appearance ; all the other buyers were present, and some
new names added to the list.

Lot 94. Fifteen Bird-skins, from Sierra Leone, were bought
by Mr. Swainson for £6 18«.

Lot 95. Kingfisher from East Indies, bought by Temuiinck
may be the Dacelo coromandeliana of Schlegel's Catalogue (" Mus.
Pays Bas," AlcedineSy p. 25) as Professor Newton suggests.
Against this lot (p. 124) is a MS. note signed ''J. S.," which
Professor Newton thinks may have been originally written by
James Sowerby, but I am inclined to think it is J. L. ( = John
Latham), to whose hand-writing all the MS. notes in Professor
Newton's copy of the Sale-Catalogue bear a strong resemblance.

Lot 114. Larus Atracilloides, a rare Gull. Bought by
Mr. Sabine for 2 guineas.

Lot 115. Undescribed Grosbeak, from Tristan d'Acunha;
and the Mosambique Finch. Bought by Professor Lichtenstein
for 29».

Lot 119. Northern Finch (male and female), Latham MS.,
and the Snow Flake. Bought by Lord Stanley for 1 Is.

Lot 127. Fourteen various specimens of Birds, from New
Holland ; collected by Capt. Flinders. Bought by Lord Stanley
for £7 17«. Qd.

lx)t 128. Ten ditto, ditto. Bought by Mr. Molinari for 35«.

Lot 130. Great Rail, from New York ; Blue-necked Rail ;
and another, unknown. Bought by Professor Temminck for 25».

The Twenty-First Day's Sale, on Thursday, June 3, 1819,
contained some various articles, but there were a goodly

Birds. 233

pnportioD of birds offered for sale, some of them of great interest.
Dr. Leach bought only a few lots of no great importance.
Lot 6. An " undescribed Barbet, of the new genus Pogonius."
, Parchased by Baron Langier for 30«.

Lot 16. Lariis Atraciloides ; rare. Bought by Lord Stanley
for20i.

Lot 23. White- winged Crossbill ; rare, and the Snow Flake.
A MS. note in Professor Newton's copy adds for the iirst-named,
"shot several times in New Forest lately." This lot was purchased
bf Lord Valentia for 10a.

Lot 31. Beautiful small Plover, from the River Gambia.
PruL Temminck (16a.).

No. 32. A ditto, from the River Gambia. Mr. Swaiusun (17«.).
Lot 33. Pair of small Plovers, from New Zealand. Prof.
Temminck, for 30a.

Lot 34. Chestnut-breasted Plover of Latham MS., and another.
Lord Stanley (16«.).

Lot 36. Curious small Plover of New Holland, and a Crejini-
colouped Plover. Baron Laugier (£3 3«.).

Lot 37. Rail, undescribed ; from the voyage of Captain Cook.
Bought by Prof. Temminck for 35a.. apparently Pennula sand-
miekemt.

Lot 39. Two fine specimens (various) of the Spur-winged
Plover; unknown. Ptof. Temminck (29/».).

Lot 40. Black-breasted Plover of Latham MS., and Chestnut-
breasted of ditto. Prof. Temminck (3 la.).

I*t 44. The Yellow Shank, Norfolk Plover, and a Sandpiper.
Capt. Laskey (7«.). The Museum copy of the Catalogue says
that the purchaser was Dr. Leach.

Ix)t 45. Black-throated Plover of Latham MS., pair of Ring
I^ottrels ; Capt. Laskey (7a.). This lot is also booked to Dr. Leach
in the Museum cop^ .

Lot 46.* A " Singular undescribed Lizard, from the north coast
of Ifew Holland" " Flinders Voyage " (MS. note in Professor
Newton's copy, where the specimen is said to have been bought
by Leach for 22«.). The Museum copy agrees witli the price
fetched, but gives the purchaser as Dr. Adams, who bought for
the Edinburgh Museum.

IiOt48. Shear Water Petrel and Stormy Petrel. Prof.
Temminck (£4 10«.).

I^t 50. Woodcock, and curious variety of the Lark. Dr.
I-each (Ih.).

234 Zoology.

Lot 52. Little Owl, shot in Yorkshire ; rare. Professo
Newton's copy adds a MS. note, "By Mr. Fothergill." Tkm
lot was bought by Mr. Ryall for 1 2b.

Lot 54. Common Gallinule from Tristan D'Ancunha, and tla^
Red-necked Grebe. Also bought by Mr. Ryall, for 7«.

Lot 56. Carrier Pigeon, Wild Stock-Dove, and a Blackbird
Bought by r>r. Leach for XL

Lot 57. Two rare Sandpipers, and the Turnstone. Bon^'i
by Dr. Leach for 30«.

Lot 58. Dusky Sandpiper, nest and eggs, taken in Scotland.
Bought by Dr. Leach for 10«. M.

In Professor Newton's copy the word " Sandpiper " has been
erased, and the word " Lark " substituted by the scribe who
annotated the catalogue. Professor Newton adds a note : " On.
the origin of YarrelFs mistake, Br. B., vol. i, ii, p. 666."

At this day's sale Dr. Leach bought some Quadrupeds and
Insects, and among the " Fossils " were some eggs.

Lot 123. Egg of the Great Auk, Alca impennia ; and other
rare British eggs. Purchased by Dr. Leach for I7#. !

Lots 124, 126. Boxes, " containing a quantity of the Eggs of
British Birds," were also purchased by him for a guinea each.

It is of interest to note that several curios were puixshased by
" Walter Scott, Esq." Such were a ** large dish of Persian ware," «<c
It would be interesting to know if these are still at Abbotsford.
He also purchased most of the armour offered for sale on this^day.

The Twenty-second Day's Sale, Friday, June 4, 1819, com-
menced with a number of ethnographical curios, many of then
evidently from Cook's voyages, and it is sad reading to see ho^
many of these were bought by Professor Lichenstein for Berlin
Swainson purchased a few lots, as did Colonel "Bruen" oi
" Brewin."

" Walter Scott, Esq.," bought Lots 36, 37, 38, and 40, con
sisting of " Two very curious ancient Heading Desks, and a Lady*!
Head-dress of Elizabeth's time; pair of velvet shoes which be
longed to Addison, the Poet, and his wig-cose; two ancient
Leather Bottles, and a Lochabar Axe, etc."

Then followed a sale of the British Birds, with a few Foreigc
Birds (beautifully displayed under Bell-Glass). Some of the mosl
interesting lots sold as follows : —

Lot 44. The Black Eagle, " shot in Ireland " (MS. note in
Professor Newton's copy). Mr. Ryall (14«).

Birds. 235

Lot 46*. TheLfiumer,FalooLaimariii8. Colonel Bullock (19«.).
Lot 52. Rose-coloured Ouzle. Mr. Swainson (22«.).
Lot 54. The Crested Titmouse ; rare. Mr. Vigors (11«.).
Lot 54*. The White-winged Crossbill (male and female) ; very
nre. Lord Stanley (22«.).

Lot 64. The Mountain Partridge ; ''a pair of them were lately
killed in Cheshire by J. Davenport, Esq., M.P." Mr. Bates
(£410*.). A MS. note in Professor Newton's copy adds : — " This
ipecimen from France.''

Lot 65. A pair of the curious small variety of the Common

Partridge, which rarely occurs in France. Lord Stanley (£4 4«.).

Lot 66. Curious variety of the Arctic Gull; killed in the

Orkneys " by Mr. Sands " (MS. note in Professor Newton's copy).

Baron Langier (34«.).

Lot 68. Larus Glaucus ; killed on Loch Lomond ; very rare
•8 a British bird. "Shot by Dr. Stuart of Lugs" (MS. note in
IVofessor Newton's copy). Lord Stanley (19«.).

Lot 113. A case containing Twenty Birds, from Sierra Leone ;
netrlj the whole of which are undescribed ; a most interesting
lot to the naturalist. Professor Temminck (£16 10a.).

Lot 125. Doubtful Bar bet ; very rare and fine. Professor
Temminck (£2 4«.).

Lot 128. Yellow-pinioned Finch, Latham MS., not described.
Mr.Molinari(24a.).

Lot 128. Two beautiful Pigeons, supposed male and female ;
iltot by Sir Joseph Banks, in his voyage with Capt. Cook ; the
only ones known. Mr. Ledbetter (£7 Is,),

Br. Leach did not appear at this stage of the sale, and the
principal British buyers were Lord Stanley, Mr. Vigors, Mr.
Swainson, Mr. Molinari [or Molinaire, as the Museum copy has
the name]. Colonel Bullock, Mr. Sabine, Mr. Riddell, Captain
Lukejr, Mr. Ryall, Mr. Ashmead. Many specimens went abroad
vith IWessor Temminck, Baron Laugier making only a few
purchases. The Marquis of Buckingham bought, for £47 5«.,
I^t HI, "The Great Boa Constrictor, thirty-two feet long, in
the act of seizing a Deer ; most beautifully set up, and considered
as the finest subject in the Museum." A MS. note in Professor
Newton's copy declares that *' the Boa was only 20 feet long, but
much thicker."

The TwEKTY-THiBD Day's Salk took place on the 8th of June,
1819, and commenced with " foreign birds."

236 Zoology.

Lot 1. Black Cuckow of Africa, " brot. by S' J. Banks " (MS •
note in Professor Newton's copy). Captain Laskey (5<.).

Lot 10. Manakin unknown (3«.).

Lot 11. Beautiful Manakin, unknown (198.). Both Iota boughft?-
by Mr. Swainson.

Lot 13. Manakin, unknown. Lord Stanley (128.).

Lot 14. White-crowned Manakin, unknown; very rare. Mr.
Riddle (11«.).

Lot 15. Olive Manakin ; rare (male and female) (14«.).

Lot 16. A beautiful Manakin, undescribed (12«.). Both lots
bought by Mr. Swainson.

Lot 18. Black-headed Chatterer, Swainson's MS.,Bra2dI; veiy
rare. Lord Stanley (2l8.).

Lot 33. A beautiful White-winged Heron, from India ; un-
known. Lord Stanley (21«.).

Lot 26. Woodpecker, unknown. Prof. Temminck (£2).

Lot 30. A fine specimen of the Blut^ vented Bee-eater ; very
rare. Prof. Lichtenstein (30«.).

Lot 33. Great Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Prof. Temminck

(IS)*.)-

Lot 36. Two Green Manakins, unknown. Mr. Swainson (7#.).

Lot 40. Long-tailed Black Grosbeak, from the South Seas ;
unknown. Lord Stanley (£2).

Lot 42. Great Red Grosbeak of (Tuiana (male and female).
To this and Lot 43 are applied in MS. the name "Tanager
Divaricata" in Professor Newton's copy. Prof. Temminck
bought Lot 42 for 2 guineas, and Lot 43 cost Prof. lichten-
stein 15/t.

Lot 45. Little Bullfinch, from Brazil ; rare. Mr. Swainson

(9«.).

Lot 50. Large Black Grosbeak, from Guiana ; unknown (male
and female). Mr. Rid dell (21«.).

Lot 58. Large African Grosbeak, unknown (male and female).
Lord Stanley (30«.).

Lot 65. Parrot-billed Grosbeak. In both copies of the Cata-
logue, Professor Liclitenstcin is said to have purchased this lot
for a guinea. But, as Pn)fessor Newton very justly points out,
this may have lieen a mistake for Temminck, as the species is
not mentioned by Lichtenstein in his " Nomenclator." Tem-
minck, on the other hand, says that two specimens from the
Bullock collection are in the Leyden Museum.

Lot 66. Grosbeak, unknown. Lord Stanley (20«.).

• Birds. 237

Lot 67. Grosbeak, from the Cape ; unknown. Prof. Temminck

(161.).

Lot 69. Pair of Large Black Grosbeaks, with white throats,
hm Guiana. Prof. lichtenstein (298.).

Lot 70. Gold-back Grosbeak, from the Cape. Lord Stanley

Lot 71. Black Grosbeak [said in MS. note in Professor
Newton's copy to be an " Oriole "], unknown. Mr. Molinari (5«.).
Lot 72. A beautiful small Grosbeak, unknown, from Africa.
Mr.Rid(lell(9«.).

Lot 73. Ditto. Mr. Molinari (10«. 6ff.).
Lot 74. Red-rumped Grosbeak from New Holland. Prof,
lichtenstein (68.).

Lot 75. Pair of small Black-and-white Grosbeaks, from Africa,
ftxrf. Temminck (10«.).

Lot 76. Ditto. Mr. Molinari (6«. 6d.).
Lot 77. Unknown. Lord Stanley (16«.).
Lot 78. Another Black-and-white Grosbeak ; new. Lord
Stanley (8i.).

Lot 79. Pair of Fine Grosbeaks, from Canada (male and
fennle). Unknown. Lord Stanley (£2 12«. 6ri.).
Lot 83. Grosbeak, unknown. Molinari (38.).
Lot 84. Two Grosbeaks, unknown. (158.)
Lot 87. Two small Grosbeaks, from Africa. Prof. Temminck
(15..).

Lot 88. Grosbeak, from the Brazils ; unknown. Prof.
Temminck (22*.).

The rest of the twenty -third day's sale consists of Flycatchers
ttid Thrushes, apparently those which it was agreed to sell in
separate lots on May 28th.

No. 89. Orange-breasted Flycatcher, from New Holland.
Lord Stanley (22«.).

Lot 90. Scarlet-breasted ditto, from ditto. Prof. Lichten-
«tein(14#.).

Lot 91. Flycatcher, from the Cape (24«.).
Lot 92. Ditto. Lord Stanley (8«.).

Lot 94. Crested Flycatcher, from America. Prof. Lichten-
stem (22«.).

Lot 96. White-eyed Flycatcher, from America ; rare. Mr.
Swainaon (12«.).

Lot 97. Yellow Flycatcher ; unknown. Prof. Lichtenstein
(10..).

238 Zoology.

Lot 98. Blue Flycatcher, from America. Prof. Temmizmc^l^

(10..).

Lot 99. Unknown. Prof. Temminck (9«.).

Lot 100. Beautiful White Flycatcher, from the Cape("Riv-«r
Plata," MS. note in Professor Newton's copy). Lord Stanley
(£2 10«.).

Lot 101. Fan-tailed Flycatcher, from New HoUand (maJ^
and female). Prof. Temminck (15«.).

Lot 102. Long-tailed Flycatcher, from Madagascar (mal^
and female). Prof. Lichtenstein (38«.).

Lot 103. Ditto. Professor Newton's copy has a MS. not^y
"the fem. another species." Mr. Swainson (£2 4«.).

Lot 104. A ditto; "the male bird" (MS. note). Prof-
Temminck (26«.).

Lot 105. Round-crested Flycatcher, from Peru. Lord Stanleys
(£4). Probably a Muscivora.

Lot 106. Red-eyed Flycatcher, from Africa. Mr. Riddell (9«.).

Lot 107. Ditto. Mr. Molinari (128.) Probably a species oT
Platystira.

Lot 108. Curious Short-tailed Fly-catcher, unknown* Lord
Stanley (17«.).

Lot 109. Yellow-breasted Flycat<;her from the Cape (male
and female). Prof. Temminck (32^.). Professor Newton's
copy has the word female erased, and a MS. note, " another
species."

Lot 110. Flat-crowned Flycatcher from New Zealand (male
and female). Prof. Temminck (288.)

Lot 112. A beautiful specimen of the Pied Flycatcher; a
very rare British specimen (sic), Mr. Taylor (2l8.).

Lot 113. Flycatcher, unknown. Mr. Swainson (6«.).

Lob 117. Two Flycatchers. Prof. Temminck (9«.).

Lot 118. White-crowned Tlirush. Prof. Tenmiinck (17«.).

Lot 119. Red-bellied Thrush, Latham MS. (male and female).
Prof. Temminck (If)*.).

Lot 120. Round-tailed Thrush, Latham MS. Mr. Riddell

(198.).

Lot 121. Rufus-bellied Thrush. Corrected in a MS. note in
Professor Newton's copy to " Ditto " (i.e. the preceding species).
Prof. Temminck (2l8.).

Lot 122. Red-breasted Thrush; Cook's voyages (male and
female) ; " from S^ J. Banks " (MS. note in Professor Newton's
copy). Mr. Swainson (15«.).

Birds. 239

Lol 123. The Ruslrbellied Glossy Thrush, Latham. Professor
liditenstein (20«.).

Lot 124. Sky-blue Thrush, L'Ech^nilleur gris of Le Vaillant,
(Ks. d'Afrique. Professor Temminck (19«.).

Lot 125. Glossy Thrush. Lord Stanley (£4 Us, 6d.).

Lot 128. Tetuan Thrush, Latham MS. Mr. Molinari (6«. 6d.).

Lot 129. Blue Thrush (in Professor Newton's copy altered to
"Blue-taUed Thrush "). Lord Stanley (32«.).

Lot 136. Embroidered Thrush, from the Cape, L'Echenilleur
JMnc of Le Vaillant. Mr. Fector (20«.).

Lot 131. Sooty Thrush. Lord Stanley (10«.).

Lot 137. Unknown. Lord Stanley (22«.).

Lot 138. Red-vented Thrush. Lord Stanley (16#.).

Lot 139. Male and female Thrush, unknown. Mr. Molinari
(12,.).

Lots 140 to 145 were aU unknown species, and were pur-
diased by Lord Stanley, Mr. Molinari, and Mr. Swainson.
The latter bought three lots, one being Lot 143, unknown
Ibnuh, from Tristran D'Ancunha, for 188. He also bought two
krgecases(£5 8«. 6d.).

The TwBNTY-POUBTH Day's Sale took place on Wednesday,
June 9, 1819. The Thrushes were continued, and Mr. Swainson
bought 8e?eral lots.

Lot 1. Gutteral Thrush, new (in Professor Newton's copy
the word "Holland" is added in MS. to "new"). Mr.
SwainaoQ (4«.).

Lot 3. Pensive ditto (male and female). Prof. Lichtenstein
(10..).

Lot 4. Ferruginous Thrush. Prof. Temminck (8«.).

Lot 5. Unknown Thrush. Prof. Temminck (33«.).

Lot 6. Olive-backed Thrush. Mr. Swainson (7«.).

Lot 7. Black-breasted Thrush. Prof. Temminck (19«.).

Lots. Black-eyed Thrush, New Holland. Prof. Temminck
(8..).

Lot 9. Black-browed Thrush, New Holland (male and
female). Mr. Swainson (8«.).

Lot 10. White-cheeked Thrush, New Holland. Prof.
Tenuninck (98.).

Lot 11. Chiming Thrush. Mr. Swainson (69.).

Lot 12. Senegal Thrush. Prof. Temminck (9«.).

Lot 13. Ditto. Mr. Swainson (6«.).

240 Zoology.

Lot 14. A Rufus Thrush, unknown. Mr. Molinari (8«.).

Lot 15. Pair of Rufus-headed ditto. Mr. Fector (13«.).

Lot 16. Black-cheeked ditto, "Latham MSS." (note
Prof. Newton's copy). Mr. Swainson {Via,),

Lot 19. Red- vented Thrush, of the Cape. Mr. Swayns
(«c) (11«.).

Lot 20. Rufous-beUied Thnish, Latham MS. Mr. Warwi
(fw. 6d.).

Lot 21. Ditto, a very fine specimen. Mr. Artis (14». 6d).

Lot 22. Long-tailed Glossy Thrush, a noble specimen. Pn
Lichtenstein (£4 108.).

Lot 23. Shining Thrush, of Senegal. Mr. Fector (30#.).

Lot 24. Ditto. Mr. Molinari (22«.).

Lot 25. Another species of ditto. Mr. Molinari (18«.).

Lot 26. Another, quite distinct. Lord Stanley (158.).

Lot 27. A Cinereous Thrush, of New Holland. Mr. Swai
son. (5«.).

Lot 28. A pair of the Spotted-shouldered Thrush, of N<
Holland. Professor Lichtenstein (178.).

Lot 29. Pair of the Red-breasted Thrush. Profess
Temminck (14«.).

Lot 30. Mocking Bird or JVIimic Thrush, of North Ameri
(male and female), with nest and eggs. Mr. Vigors (22«.).

Ix)t 31. Golden-crowned Thrush (male and female). M
Swainson (9«.).

Lot 34. Golden Thi-ush [altered in a MS. note to Profess
Newton's copy to "Oriole"]. East Indias. Mr. Molinari (15«

Ix)t 35. White-backed Black Thrush; rare. Mr. Feet
(6«.).

Lot 36. Ditto. Professor Temminck (8».).

Lot 37. Pectoral Thrush, Latham MS. Professor Temmin

(9«.)-

Lot 38. Scarlet-throated Thrush, from the Cape; rai

Professor Temminck (30«.).

Lot 39. Brown-headed Thrush, unknown ; " New Hollonc

(MS. note in Professor Newton's copy). Mr. Molinari (5«.).

Then followed the sale of the " Warblers, Motacilla."

Lot 40. Yellow Red-pole Warbler. Professor Lichtenste

(ll«.).

Lot 41. Hooded Warbler {''^g, in Amer. Ornith.," MS

note in Professor Newton's copy). Professor Lichtenstein (15#.

Birds. 241

Lot 42. Black-throated Blue Warbler (male and female).
Messor Temminck (13«.).

Lot 43. Bar-tailed Warbler. Lord Stanley (10«.).

Lot 45. Blue Warbler, or Blue Robin of America (male and
female). Professor Temminck (28«.).

Lot 46. Yellow-breasted Warbler (male and female) ; ^*^g. in
Amer. Om." (MS. note in Professor Newton's copy). Professor
Iiditai8tein(ll».).

Lot 47. Olive Warbler (male and female). Professor Tem-
Biiick(9i.).

Lot 48. Worm-eating Warbler. Mr. Swainson (6«.).

Lot 49. Equatorial Warbler. Mr. Swainson (15«.).

Lot 50. Ruby-crowned Warbler (male and female). Mr.
Svabflon (10». 6d,).

Lot 51. Grey-pole Warbler. Mr. Warwick (7«. Qd.).

Lot 52. Equinoctial Warbler (male and female). Lord
Slinley (19#.).

Lots 53 (10».) and 54 (16«.). Soldier Warbler, of New
HolJAiid. Professor Lichtenstein.

Lot 55. Black-and-green Warbler (male and female). Mr.
Vigors (16«.).

Lot 57 [56 omitted]. A ditto, different from the last (" Black
ttd Blue," MS. note in Professor Newton's copy). Mr. Vigors
(16.).

Lot 58. Blue-breasted Warbler. Mr. Molinari (10k.).

Lot 59. Crested Olive Warbler (male and female). Professor
Temminck (7«.).

Lot 60. Rufus-tailed Warbler. Mr. Swaiiison (5».).

Lot 61. Three different species of Wren from America.
Mr.Swaiiison(10«.).

Lot 62. Pair of Buff-headed Warblers, of New Holland,
ftofessor Temminck (20«.).

Lot 63. Thick-bellied (sic) Warblers, and another. Professor
Temminck (8#.).

Lot 64. Two different Warblers, unknown. Professor
Temminck (15«.).

Lot 65. Two ditU). Professor Temminck (35«.).

Lot 67. Yellow-rumped Warbler (male and female). Mr.
^^»MMon (9«.).

Lot 68. Rufus-vented Black Warbler, unknown. Mr.
Swtinwn (7«. 6d.).

Lot 69. Pair, unknown. Mr. Swainson (10«.).
▼ou n. R

242 Zoology.

Lot 70. Buff-rumped Warbler (male and female). M
Swainson (10«.).

Lot 71. Two Warblers, unknown. Mr. Swainson (7«.).

Lot 72. Undescribed. Professor Lichtenstein (14#.).

Lot 73. Yellow-breasted Warbler, and another. FroleM
Temminck (10«.).

Lot 74. Three Warblers, unknown. Mr. Molinari (12#.).

Tx)t 75. Two ditto. Mr. Swainson (4«.).

Lot 76. Spotted-winged Warbler, and another. Mr. Swainao!
(lf)«.).

Lot 77. Two [" Three," MS. note in Professor Newton'
copy]. Captain Laskey (7«.).

Lot 78. Tyrant Flycatcher (male and female). Mr. SwainflOi
(18,.).

Lot 79. Male ditto. Mr. Vigors (6«. 6d.).

Lot 80. Pair of Flycatchers, unknown. Professor Temnuiid
(13,.).

TiOt 93. Red-winged Flycatcher ; rare. Lord Stanley (18#.'

Lot 95. Pair of African Larks. Mr. Swainson. (5<.).

Lot 9G. Pair of White-throated Larks, from Africa. Lev
Stanley (13«.).

Lot 97. Two Larks, unknown. Mr. Molinari (9».).

Lot 98. Two Black Larks (" var. of the Common Sky Larl
MS. note in Professor Newton's copy). Mr. Riddell (6«.).

Lot 99. Grasshopper Lark ; rare. Mr. Molinari (6«.).

Lot 100. Titlark and Grey Wagtail. (In Professor Newtoi
copy, the word "Grey" is erased, and "fern, of the Yellow
inserted in MS.) Mr. Swainson (5«.).

Lot 101. Black-breasted Lark (male and female). >
Vigors (9«.).

Lot 102. Throe various Larks. Mr. Swainson (8*.).

Tjot 103. Purple-rumpcd Creeper; very rare and fine. A
Swainson (£2 4,.).

Lot 104. Wall Creeper ; rare and fine. Mr. Hall (28«.).

Lot 105. Coloured ["Collared"; MS. note in ProfesE
Newton's copy] Creeper ; very fine. Mr. Swainson (30».).

Lot 106. Pair of Common Creepers. Mr. Swainson (6«.).

Lot 107. Puiple-breasted Creeper ; undescribed, " from Javj
(MS. note in Profe^ssor Newton's copy). Mr. Swainson (14«.).

Lot 108. Purple Creeper, unknown. Mr. Swainson (10«.).

Lot 110. A Blue-headed Creeper, unknown. Mr. Hi
(17..).

I

Binh, 243

Lot 110*. A large Creeper from Africa, and its curious nest
Mr. Svftinson (308.).

Lot 112. Three various Creepers. Mr. Swainson (12^.).

Lot 114. The Yew Tanager, from New Holland. Mr.
Swamflon (10«.).

Lot 117. Senegal Coly. Mr. Molinari (14«.).

Lot 118. Ditto. Mr. Swainson (21«.).

Lot 119. White-backed Coly. Lord Stanley (32«.).

Several species of Whidah Birds follow :— (Lots 121-124),
pudttaed by Mr. Swainson and Lord Stanley. Lot 124, un-
ffcwibed Whidah Bird, is said in a MS. note to Professor
Hewton's " Catalogue " to have been ** a young bird." Professor
faDminck bought it for 12«., as also the next, Lot 125, Curious
White-headed Bunting, unknown (12«.).

Lot 126. Green Bunting (male and female) ; a very rare
British bird. In Professor Newton's copy it is said to have been
porehased by Mr. Vigors for 18«., a MS. note being added, " The
Ortdan in change of plumage." In the Museum copy, the
pirehaser is given as " Mr. Molinaire."

Na 130. Golden-shouldered Bunting, and another. Lord
Stanley (20«.).

Lot 131. Ortolan (male and female). Mr. Hall [in the
Mtteom copy, Mr. Swainson] (9«.) In Professor Newton's copy
BaMS. note, " Not the Ortolan from the Alpes."

Lot 133. Red-browed Bunting (male and female), " New
HoDaad" (MS. note in Professor Newton's copy). Molinari

(H

I«t 134. Orange-crowned Yellow Bunting (male and female).
IWeBBor Temminck (3U.).

I«t 135. Beautiful small Bunting, undescril>ed. Professor
Tcinminck(14«.).

I^t 136. Two Yellow Buntings, different species ; unknown.
IWeasor Temminck (22«.).

Lot 137. Pair of Grey Buntings, "from America. See
Wilson's Ornith." (MS. note in Professor Newton's copy).
Mr. Vigors (5«.).

On the 10th of June, 1819, commenced the Twenty-fifth
^^at's Sale, with some more birds. Ducks, Warblers, and other
''^isoell&neoas lots of lesser animals. A Mr. Morgan bought a
Boffel-headed Duck (Lot 2) for 6«., and Lot 6, two Ducks, from
America, unknown (178.).

R 2

244 Zoology.

Lot 1. Small Blue-winged Shoveller Duck of South Amerieu
Professor Temminck (18«.)-

Lot 3. Whistling Duck of New Holland. Ynimr
Temminck (£1).

Lot 4. Great-billed Shoveller of ditto. Lord Stanley (5».).

Lot 5. White-fronted Duck of Hudson's Bay. Mr. Ryall(5i.).

Lot 6. Two Ducks from America, unknown. Mr. M<X]giD
(17..).

Lot 7. Two ditto. Professor Temminck (£2 8«.).

No. 11. Grasshopper Warbler. Mr. Swainson (8«.).

Lot 12. Alpine Warbler (male and female). Mr. Swunm

(12«.).

Lot 13. Fantail Warbler, Latham MS.; and the Gwy-
throated Warbler. Mr. Swainson (1 la,).

Lot 14. Guira Warbler (male and female). Professor Ten-
minck (168.).

Lot 15. Great Brazilian Wren. Professor Temminck (12«.).

Lot 16. Ruf US-throated Warbler, Latham MS., from Januucii
Mr. Swainson (13».).

Lot 17. Little Flycatcher, and Tawny-breasted Warbler,
Latham MS. Mr. Swainson (11«.).

Lot 18. Bearded Warbler ; very rare. Professor Temminck

(17».).

Ix)t 22. Unknown Warbler of New Holland, and the Virescettt
Warbler, Latham MS. Professor Temminck (12«.).

Lot 23. Tawney-rumped Warbler, Latham MS., and Yellof^
Warbler. Mr. Molinari (11«.).

Dr. Leach was at this day's sale, as he purchased Lot 25, 0
very tine Cancer from Tristan d'Acunha, but he bought no birds.

The " Birds in glass cases " were chiefly bought by a
Mr. Lincoln, and by Mr. Jdiolinari, though Mr. Swainson and
Mr. Vigors secured a few. Swainson also bought some insects
and a skin of the Boquetaire, or Mountain Goat ; very rare (SOt.)
Miss Bullock l>ought Lot 99, a Black- winged Parrot, for 16#. ; il
may have been a family pet. Mr. Vigors bought a " Beautifa
specimen of the Blossom-headed Parrot " for £2. Swainson bought
several of the cases ; and one "elegant" case (Lot 1 18), " the oma
ments taken from rails of Notre Dame " (MS. note in Prafesaoi
Newton's copy) was bought by a Mr. Hailes for £7 17». M.

The TwKNTv-siXTH Day's Sale, Friday, June 11, was devoted
to Napoleonic relics. It included " the £)mperor's carriage, taken

Birds. 245

DO tbe eve of Waterloo, and sent, with the officer who took it,
' , bj Manhal Blftcher, to the Prince Regent, from whom it was
pBTchased by its present proprietor for the sum of three thousand
guamBj* The carriage was bought by Mr. Hopkinson, coach
Mker, Holboro, for £168.

Mr. Riddell and Mr. Molinari again appear as purchasers for
noe of the Napoleonic relics, and Mr. Vigors bought a linen
ioveL Lot 103, a silver helmet, taken at Waterloo, and Lot 104, a
tnphjof French arms and colours, from Waterloo, were purchased
ly "Walter Scott, Esq.," for £5 15«. and £3 13«. 6d. respectively.
Colonel Birch's '* smaU but very fine collection of Organised
FoMLS, fnnn the Blue Lias formation at Lyme and Charmouth
m Dorsetshire, consisting principally of bones, illustrating the
vMogy of the Ichthio-saurus, or Proteo-saurus, etc.," was sold
bj Bollock, " at his Egyptian Hall in Piccadilly '' on Monday,
tiiel^ day of May, 1820, so that it would seem that, after the
di^«nal of his private Museum, he still continued liis business
tt in auctioneer. Dr. Leach bought some of the lots, but
Lot 102, " a skeleton of the Ichthio^aurus," was, according to a
MS. note in Professor Newton's copy of the Catalogue, " Bo^ in ;
nnti £300 for it." A further MS. note says : ^* since purchased
far £100 for the Surgeon's Museum, London."

We take up once more the authentic record of the bird
ooDections in the year

1816.

In this year the Montagu collection was purchased. It con-
Mted of the most complete series of British birds of the time,
iiit, IS I have stated before, owing to the defective preparation
of the q)ecimens, many of them have fallen to pieces. Colonel
Montagu was the author of the '* Ornithological Dictionary," an
oceaUeat work in its day, and the specimens purchased by the
Mueom were doubtless the ones which had served for the
faerqytions in his work.

The Montagu collection, as it existed in 1816, when Dr.
I«ich was the Keeper of the Zoological Department, may be
defeennined by his '* Systematic Catalogue of the specimens of the
IndigenooB Mammalia and Birds that are preserved in the British
Muenm, with their localities and authorities " (8vo, pp. 1-42). This
iittie pamphlet was printed (no doubt for the Trustees) by Richard

246 Zoology.

and Arthur Taylor, Shoe Lane, who in 1818 printed the " Sjnopn
of the Contents of the British Museum " (anteaj p. 155). A reprinl
of Leach's " Systematic Catalogue " was published in 1882 by Um
Willughby Society, and was edited by the late Osbert Salvin. Thi
editor points out that, as the catalogue was printed on one side d
the paper only, it was probably intended as a label-catalogue foi
the specimens, and of this, I think, there can be no doubt. It k
very useful as a catalogue of the Montagu collection of birdi
which was obtained from " G. Montagu, Esq., Jun." The " Solitai]
Stare," represented by a specimen from Yorkshire given by tht
Rev. James Dalton, was found to be merely the young of thi
Common Stare. {Cf. Leach, i.e., Errata.) Of Leach's *< Catalogue,'
Mr. Salvin says : — " It is also a question if it was ever actoiU]
published in the ordinary sense, for though the printer's name v
given at the foot of the title page, no publisher is mentioned
(The same may be said of the Guide-book to the Museum, priniec
by Messrs. R. and A. Taylor, who were then evidently employe!
by the Trustees, whose name did not appear.) It is impoesibli
to overlook Leach's Catalogue, as his names have been oonstantl;
referred to by subsequent authors, and, for good or bad, mitf
take their place in nomenclature."

Sir E. Maunde Thompson has very kindly supplied me wil
the following memoranda from the archives of the Britii
Museum. On the 14th June, 1816, Leach recommended tl
purchase of the Montagu collection for £1,200. The purcha
was approved by the Trustees, Sir Joseph Banks recommendii
it, and on the 1st of October^ 1816, Leach reported the sa
arrival of the collection.

1837.

This was the first year in which a serious attempt if
made to keep an official register of the acquisitions. 668 specimc
presented; 591 purchased. Total, 1259.

John Gould presented 172 specimens of birds to the Musea
and 111 more were purchased from him. They were from varic
localities, but included a few Australian species, showing th
even at this early date, he was receiving specimens from someo
in that continent.

310 birds were purchased in Paris from the collection of t
late Baron Laugier de Chartrouse, who had collaborated wj
Temminck in the production of the " Planches Coloriees."

187 birds presented by Sir W. Burnett and Captain Fitzn

Birds. 247

The latter officer had been the commander of the Beagle^ and
Hn ot^ection was probably made during that expedition.

126 birds from British Guiana, collected by Sir R. Schom-
borgk, and presented by the Royal Geographical Society.

1838.

434 specimens presented ; 245 purchased. Total number of
iUitions, 679.

Of special interest are the following : —

158 birds from Tasmania ; presented by Rouakl Gunn, Esq.
Ibralong time the only collection of Tasnianian birds in the
Miueam, and of great value at the time of its presentation, but
from being mounted for many years in the Gallery, the specimens
were ruined by light and dust, and but few now remain.

82 specimens of birds from India and China ; presented by
John Russell Reeves, Esq.

Ill specimens purchased at the sale of the South African
Mrneum. Dr. J. E. Gray records the fact that they were all
"stofilBd by Messrs. Verreaux" and were collected during Sir
A. Smithes expeditions into the interior of South Africa. Many
types were included in the series.

1839.

225 specimens presented ; 238 purchased. Total number of
•eqoisitions, 463.

No addition of any importance took place this year, but an
cfint was evidently being made to replenish the collection of
British Birds, since 114 young birds of various species were
presented by Mr. J. Baker.

1840.

136 specimens presented ; 141 purchased. Total number of
«dditi(His, 277.

Nothing added of any great importance.

47 British birds, presented by Mr. J. Baker.

62 birds from West Australia. Presented by Capt. [after-
^wds Sir George] Grey.

These specimens were obtained by John Gould, and doubtless
given to Governor George Grey, with whom Gould was on terms
^ great friendship.

1841.

385 specimens presented ; 583 purchased. Total number of
•dditiooa, 968.

248 Zoology.

Only two acquisitions of any note, viz. : —

332 birds from South Australia. Purchased from M

78 birds from Kerguelen Land, collected by the natv

the Antarctic Expedition. Presented by the Lord

Admiralty.

1842.

492 specimens presented; 870 purchased; 92 re<
exchange. Total, 1454.

Of special importance were : —

120 birds from Port Essington, North Australia. 1
by Captain Chambers, R.N.

160 birds from the Philippine Islands, including sev<
of new species. Purchased of Mr. Hugh Cuming.

49 birds from Abyssinia and Shoa, including severa
of his new species, collected by Dr. E. Ruppell.

1 19 birds from New Zealand and adjacent islands,
by the naturalists of the Antarctic Expedition. Pres
the Lords of the Admiralty.

1843.

2027 specimens, presented ; 799 purchased. Total,

The most important additions were : —

1 302 birds from Nepal, including numbers of types. ]

by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

This is the first instalment of the great Hodgson do
302 birds from South Australia. Presented b}

[afterwards Sir George] Grey.

43 nests of Australian birds. Presented by John G

50 birds collected in Chili by Mr. T. Bridges.

83 birds from various localities. Presented by Sir £

1844.

969 specimens presented ; 368 purchased. Total, 1

Important additions were : —

222 birds from the Antarctic Ocean, the Falklam
Cape of Good Hope, etc., obtained by the naturalis
Antarctic Expedition. Presented by the Lords of the A

139 birds from Tenasserim. Presented by J. D. C.
Esq.

This collection was never worked out by Greorj
Gray, the specimens having been somewhat roughly ]

Birds. 249

With the donation of Mr. Allan Hume's splendid series of
Tenuserim birds, many specimens from the old Packman collection
hare been disposed of as duplicates.

107 birds, mostly from North Australia, collected by Dr. J.
Becte Jukes, during the voyage of H.M.S. Fly.

222 specimens from Brazil. Presented by M. Claussen.

8 q)eciinens purchased of Leadbeater, duplicates from the
Leyden Museum.

1845.

2203 specimens presented; 371 purchased; 10 received iii
exdbaoge. Total, 2584.

Among the notable accessions were : —

1391 birds from Nepal, and 301 from Behar, being the second
iod Hard instalments of the collections presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.

57 birds from the Madras Presidency, including several types
<rf new species figured in the ** Illustrations of Indian Ornith-
ology." Presented by T. C. Jerdon, Esq.

30 specimens from New Zealand, including the type of
Oofdromiu earli and other rare species. Presented by Percy
Earl, Esq.

52 specimens from Cayenne. Presented by H. C. Rothery , Esq.

35 birds from Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Sibbald.

54 birds from Shoa, duplicates from the collection made by
Sir W. Cornwallis Harris. Presented by the Hon. East India
Oompany.

296 specimens from South Africa and Madagascar. Presented
by Sir Andrew Smith.

91 specimens from Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.

1846..

849 specimens presented ; 1072 purchased. Total, 1921.

Among (he principal acquisitions were : —

124 birds from Central Australia. Presented by Capt. Sturt.

270 birds from various localities. Presented by Edward
Wilson, Esq.

-71 birds from Bolivia. Collected by Mr. T. Bridges.

147 birds and eggs from Tunis. Collected by Mr. Louis
Frwer.

59 birds from New Zealand, Tasmania, and the Pacific
^^'^ Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart.

250 Zoologj/,

1847.

563 specimens presented ; 604 purchasfnl. Total, 1 1

The principil additions were : —

44 birds from New Zealand. Presented by Sir Geor

134 birds from Jamaica. Collected by P. H. Gos
This collection contains the types of the species describ
** Birds of Jamaic;i."

171 birds from Australia. Presented by Sir T. Mit<

1848.

340 specimens presented ; 185 purchased. Total, 52

135 birds and eggs from llepulse Bay. Presenti^l I
Rae.

307 birds fi*om Sikhim. Presented by B. H. Hodgs
The fourth inst^vlment of the great Hodgson donation.

1849.

93 specimens presented ; 399 purchased. Total, 492
147 birds from New Zealand. Presented by Capt

R.N., of H.M.S. Acheron, Collected by Dr. Lyall.
173 specimens from various parts of the British

Purchased of Mr. J. Baker.

1850.

671 specimens presented ; 532 purchased. Total, 15
230 birds from the Pacific coast of America, C

Islands, etc. Presented by Capt. Kellett, H.M.S. He

Lieut. Wood, H.M.S. Pandora,

204 birds from the Islands of Tori-es Straits and

parts of Australia. Presented by Capt. Owen Staidey

of H.M.S. Baitlesnake).

36 eggs from Greenland. ColUjcted by Governor H

37 birds from San Domingo. Collected by Mr.
SaU6. Purchased from Mr. Hugh Cuming.

1851.

284 specimens presented ; 637 purchased. Total, 9:
44 birds from the Falkland Islands and from islant
Australian coast, the Louisiades, etc. Presented
Macgillivray, Esq. (Voyage of H.M.S. Baitlesnake),

Birds. 251

1852.

307 specimens presented; 419 purchased. Total, 726.
115 eggs, presented by H. F. Walter, Esq.
106 birds from New Zealand. Presented by Captain Stokes,
R.N.

29 birds from Dainara Land, collected by C. J. Andersson.

1853.

M specimens presented ; 488 purchased. Total, 646.
104 birds from Bagdad. Presented by Kenneth Loftus, Elsq.
55 Humming Birds, and 86 Toucans. Purchased of Mr.
Gould.

1854.

84 specimens presented ; 540 purchased. Total, 624.
127 specimens from Bogota. Purchased of Mr. Samuel
Stevois.

1855.

150 specimens presented ; 742 purchased. Total, 892.

403 birds from various localities. Purchased from the
Zoological Society.

On the determination of the Zoological Society to give up its
Museum, the iirst choice of acquiring the specimens was offered
to the British Museum, which thus regained the typical examples
described from the voyage of the Beagle and other exploring
vessels, the collections of which should by rights have gone into
the national museimi. A few seem to have been overlooked
fcy Mr. 6. R. Gray and passed into the hands of private
collectors, but within the past few years some of these have
likewise been regained by the Museum, on the death of the
owners, whose collections have been dispersed.

1855.

101 birds from South America. Purchased of Mr. J. Gould.
88 birds from N. W. America. Presented by Captain Collin-
son, R.N. (H.M.SS. Enterprise and Endeavour).

1856.

319 birds presented ; 160 purchased. Total, 429.
36 birds from Teheran, Persia, collected by the Hon.
C. Murray. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

252 Zoology.

5 birds from New Zealand. Purchased of Mr. W. Man
(through Mr. Gould). Among these were the type-specimeiL
Nestor notabiUs and S^ttda variegata, as well as the first peri
specimen of Notomis marUeUi,

46 birds from the Fiji Islands, Norfolk Island, etc. Collec
by Dr. F. M. Rayner (H.M.S. Herald). Presented by the Lc
of the Admiralty.

23 birds and eg^ from Candahar. Presented by Ci
Hutton.

Includes the types of several species described by the don<

1857.

268 specimens presented ; 660 purchased. Total, 928.

66 birds from Lombok, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace.

This was the commencement of the long series of coUecti
made by Dr. A. R. Wallace during his celebrated expeditioi
the Malay Archipelago. Dr. Wallace kept the first set
himself, and only duplicates were sold ; but the collections ¥
submitted in their entirety to Mr. Greorge Robert Gray
description, the actual types of new species being returned, v
the first set, to Dr. Wallace's agent, Mr. Samuel Stevens.

25 birds, with 12 types of new species, collected in Cord4
S. Mexico, by M. Auguste Sall^.

249 birds from N.W. Australia, collected by Dr. J. R. Eli

347 birds from various localities. Purchased of Mr. J
Gould.

1858.

114 specimens presented ; 1112 purchased. Total, 1226.

Specially interesting' are the following items : —

38 birds from the Amazons (Rio Javari, etc.), collected
H. W. Bates.

150 birds, obtained by Dr. A. R. Wallace in the Key
Aru Islands.

58 birds from Celebes, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace.

49 eggs of British birds. Presented by Frederic Bond, E

32 birds purchased at the sale of Dr. Van Lidth de JeU'
Museuui.

This was one of the most celebrated private collections
Europe at the time. In addition to many specimens of inte:
to the Museum, a second specimen of the Great Auk (Plat
impennis) was acquired for the National Collection.

Birds. 253

A ^imen of the Whale-headed Stork {Balan{cej)» rex) was
lequired by purchase.

1859.

785 specuuens presented ; 638 purchased. Total, 1423.

41 birds from the Fiji Islands and other localities in the
hdfic Ocean, collected Dr. F. M. Rayner (Voyage of H.M.S.
iMi). Presented by the Lords of the AdmiraJtj.

91 birds from Vancouver Island. Presented by Dr. Ljall
(Voyage of H.M.S. Plumper).

598 birds from Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
Fifth iDsUdment of the great Hodgson Collection.

132 birds and eggs, including Capt. Abbott's series of eggs
from the Falkland Islands. Purchased of Mr. Gould.

6 birds and 15 nests from St. Croix and St. Thomas, W.I.
Presented by Professor Newton.

83 birds from Batchian, Amboina, and N.W. New Guinea
(Dorey), from Dr. A. R. Wallace's collection.

41 birds from New Caledonia and the New Hebrides, ct>llected
by John Macgillivray, including types of several new species.

33 nests with eggs of birds from Natal, collected by Mr.
Thomas Ayres.

88 birds from various localities, including typi»s of several
species. Purchased of M. Parzudaki.

^■J birds from various localities. Purchased of Mr. John
Gould.

1860.

1029 specimens presented ; 956 purchased. Total, 1985.
o4 birds and 36 eggs from Natal, collected by Dr.
Gueinzius.

255 specimens from Dr. Wallace's collections, from Batchian,
Hahnahera, Ternate, Celebes, Timor, Ceram, containing many
new species.

106 birds from Vancouver Island and 131 birds from
British Columbia, collected by Mr. J. K. LiOrd, the naturalist
^ the British North American Boundaiy Commission, and
presented by the Foreign Office.

48 birds from Guatemala. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Es<i.

These specimens were duplicates from Mr. Salvin 's expedition
to*Guatemala.

193 birds from Zambesia, obtained during the Livingstone

254 Zoology.

expedition, and preserved by Sir (then Dr.) John Kirk.
Presented by the Foreign Office.

92 birds from Ecuador. Purchased of Mr. John Gould.

584 birds from various parts of the Indian Empire, and 34
birds from Shoa. Presented by the Secretary of State for
India.

1861.

336 specimens presented ; 407 purchased. Total, 743.

172 birds from Shoa. Collected by Sir W. ComwaUis
Harris. Presented by the Secretary of State for India.

40 birds from Fort Simpson in N.W. British Americ?»-
Presented by B. R. Ross, Esq.

116 birds from Dr. A. R. Wallace's Malayan expedition, fro^^o
My sol, Ceram, and Waigiu.

26 birds from Gaboon. Purchased of Mr. P. B. Du Chaill-aa-

17 birds from Upper Burma and Sikhim, with types of ^
new species. Presented by Dr. T. C. Jerdon.

1862.

133 specimens presented ; 328 purchased. Total, 461.

221 birds from Dr. A. R. Wallace's Malayan expedition, fronv
New Guinea, Mysol, Morotai, Timor, Sula Islands, and Bourn.

16 specimens from Camaroons, W. Africa, with the types of
4 new species, obtained by Sir Richard Burton; presented by
Lady Burton.

1863.

874 specimens presented ; 141 purchased. Total, 1015.

398 birds from British Columbia. Presented by J. K.
Lord, Esq.

After Mr. Lord had finished his work as naturalist to the
British North American Boundary Commission, ho remained for
some time in British Columbia, and made a considerable collection
of birds.

40 birds from Dr. A. R. Wallace's Malayan expedition, from
Flores and Burn.

139 birds, 16 nests, and 38 eggs, from the Mackenzie River
district. Presented by B. R. Ross, Esq.

84 birds from Pegu. Presented by Dr. W. T. Blauford,
F.R.S.

87 birds, presented by the Linnean Society. The Linnean

Birds. 255

Sodetj detennined in this year to hand over its collection of
birds to the British Museum. It was a very important donation,
contaming the types of the Australian birds described by Vigors
ind Horsfield (Tr. Linn. Soc., xv., pp. 180-330), and the
ParrolB described by Temminck (Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii., pp. 111-
129).

39 birds collected by Sir John Kirk during the Livingstone
expedition. Presented by the Foreign Otttce.

44 birds from the Zambesi and Shire Rivers. Collected and
presented by the Rev. Charles Livingstone, including the type
of the Livingstone Touraco (Turacus livingstanet).

An adult specimen of the Whale-headed Stork (Baheniceps
rex), obtained by Consul Petherick.

1864.

79 specimens presented ; 394 purchased. Total, 473.
265 birds from Palestine. Collected by the Rev. Canon
Tristram.

1865.

216 specimens presented ; 323 purchased. Total, 539.

88 birds from Guatemala, duplicates from Mr. Osbert Salvin's
collection.

115 sets of eggs. Purchased of Mr. John Cxould.

160 birds from Malacca. Pivsented by W. Harvey, Esq.

At this time the Museum had very few specimens from the
Malay Archipelago, and the collection was of great use. By
tbe presentation of the Hume and Tweeddale collections, Mr.
Harvey's series, which had no exact localities or dates, was
superseded, and most of the specimens have been given away to
other Museums.

29binl8 from Halmahera, and other islands in the Malay
Archipelago, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace.

1866.

122 specimens presented; 336 purchased. Total, 458.

In this year were acquired : —

66 burds from Upper Amazonia, from Mr. Edward Rartlett's
expedition to the River Amazon, being the first set of his
collection [c/. Scl. and Salv., P.Z.S., 1867, pp. 748-759].

68 nests from North America. Presented by Osbert
Salvia, Esq.

256 Zoology.

1867.

Specimens presented, 95 ; purchased, 266. Total, 361.

66 Domestic Pigeons and Dacks. Presented by Charles
Darwin, Esq.

These specimens were valuable, as having served the cele-
brated author as evidence for his work on the " Variation of
Animals and Plants under Domestication."

1868.

Specimens presented, 18 ; purchased, 274. Total, 292.

The only noteworthy acquisition in this year was that oi
126 birds, duplicates from Mr. Osbert Salvin's expedition to
Central America.

1869.

628 specimens presented ; 217 purchased. Total, 845.

476 birds from Abyssinia, collected by Dr. W. T. Blanforc
Presented by the Government of India.

This wiis the second set of specimens from the collectio:
made by Dr. Blanford, the naturalist appointed to the Abyasiniai
expedition. After the storming of Magdala he visited tb
Anseba Valley in Bogas Land accompanied by Mr. W. Jesse
The first series resulting from this expedition was retained by th'
Indian Museum in Calcutta, but a very generous selection wa
j)rcsent^d by the latter institution to the National Collection.

106 eggs of South African birds. Presented by E. I
I^ayard, Esq., at that time the Director of the South Africa:
Museum at Cape Town.

1870.

261 specimens presented ; 184 purchased. Total, 445.

135 birds from the Pacific Islands. Presented by Juliu
Brenchley, Esq.

Mr. Brenchley accompanied Sir William Wiseman on th
cruise of the Curacao in the Pacific. The vessel visited severs
islands hitherto unexplored, and many new species wer
procured.

66 birds from the West Indian Islands. Presented b;
Mrs. Bryant.

Dr. Bryant was a celebrated American naturalist, wh
travelled throughout the West Indies, and, on his death, be

Birds. 257

ijonthed his collection to be divided between certain museums
and well-known ornithologists, in order that these should benefit
b^ his labours. In England, the British Museum, Dr. Sclater,
Mr. Salyin and Dr. F. D. Godman were selected, and thus a full
Ktiea from Dr. Bryant's collection is now in the Natural History
Museum.

1871.

14 specimens presented ; 94 purchased. Total, 108.

23 birds from Hainan, collected by Consul Robert Swinhoe.

These were duplicate specimens from Consul Swinhoe's
Htinan collection, recorded by him in the ''Ibis'' for 1870
(pp. 77-97, 230-256, 342-367). The full collection was bequeathed
I^Mr. Henry Seebohm in 1897.

40 birds from Central Chili, collected by Mr. E. C. Reed.

1872.

368 presented ; 596 purchased. Total, 964.

In Sq)tember of this year I was appointed Assistant in the
Zoological Department of the British Museum, in charge of the
ORiithological collection, in succession to Mr. George Robert
6»y, who died in May, 1872. My first care was to enlist the
iid of all my personal friends for the increase of the national
ooUection, with the results recorded in the succeeding years.

44 birds from Southern Spain. Presented by Colonel L. H.
%.

68 birds from South Africa. Bequeathed by the late Sir
Andrew Smith.

178 birds from Archangel, and other localities. Presented
Vy Dr. Bowdler Sharpe.

22 Gjrr-falcons and Peregrine Falcons. Purchased of Mr.
John Gould.

23 birds from Accra, W. Africa, and 17 birds from Avington,
Hampshire. Presented by Capt. G. E. Shelley.

1873.

1571 specimens presented ; 4707 purchased. Total, 6278.

This year was celebrated for the acquisition of the Wallace
•nd Monteiro collections, and for several other donations from
my personal friends, Captain Shelley, Mr. A. Swanzy, Colonel
J. Hayes Lloyd, Commander Sperling, and Dr. Blanford, all of

▼OL. II. s

2o8 Zoology.

them contributing towards the aooomplishment of the " Catalo]
of Birds," which Dr. Giinther had then inaugurated.

2474 specimens from the Malay Archipehigo, coUected
Dr. A. H. Wallace, and containing the types of all the i
species described by Mr. G. R. Gray and Dr. A. R. Wall
himself.

27 Hawks and Owls from the River Amazon, collected
Dr. A. R. Wallace (c/. Sclater and Salvin, P.Z.S., 1867, pp. I
590).

Dr. Wallace allowed the Museum to acquire his Amason
collection of Accipitres for the purposes of the " Catalogue
Birds." The remainder of his South American collection psi
into the possession of Dr. F. D. Godman, and was afterwi
presented by him with the rest of his great collection.

671 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowi
Sharpe.

33 birds from Avington, Hants, and 117 from Egypt,
Presented by Captain G. K Shelley.

18 specimens from the Fanti country in Western Afr
Presented bj Andrew Swanzy, Esq.

41 specimens from Bogos Land, collected by Mr. £i
Purchased.

97 specimens from various localities. Presented by J
(xould, Esq.

107 birds from Kattiawar. Presented by Colonel J. Hi
Lloyd. This collection was described by the donor in the "B
for 1873 (pp. 397-421), and his memoir is still the only data
account of the ornithology of this part of India.

62 birds from Belgium. Presented by the Brussels Muse

42 birds from Bahia (Wuchprer), S. Ural {Strader), and o
localities. Purchased of Mr. Gerrard.

39 birds from the Lower Congo. Presented by Commai
R. M. Sperling. This collection was described by me in
" Proceedings of the Zoological Society " for 1873 (pp. 716-7
A new Goatsucker was named Macrodtpteryx sperlingif ha
afterwards proved to be only the female of Cosmetamis vexiUoi

1 79 birds from Angola and Benguela, collected by Mr. %
Monteiro. This collection contained types of the new spe
described by the late Dr. G. Hartlaub and myself.

18 specimens from various localities, including the type
new species of Owlet, Olauridium tephronotum. Presented
W, Wilson Saunders, Esq.

Birds. 259

1874.

1227 specimens presented; 1084 purchased; 325 received in
eiduuige. Total, 2636.

The most important accessions were : —

683 Inrds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
Avpe.

321 specimens from Baluchistan and Persia, collected by Dr.
W. T. Blanford. Presented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta;

603 iq)ecimens of African birds. Purchased.

These were the first and second instalments of my collection of
Africui birds, which I had to dispose of on entering the Govem-
■BDt senrice, no officer of the British Museum being allowed to
keep a private collection of the grouj^ of animals of which he is
in diarge in the Museimi.

99 birds from Sweden, collected by Mr. Meves. Purchased.

35 specimens of Acctpitres from the collection of Consul Robert
Sfinhoe. Purchased.

11 birds from Zambesia. Presented by Sir John Kirk.

59 birds from Peru and Siberia. Received in exchange from
the Warsaw Museum.

25 birds from Egypt and the Egyptian Sudan. Presented by
^ Samuel Baker.

The types of a new species of Raven from Morocco {Carvus
^tgikimtj Irby). Presented by Colonel L. H. Irby.

io birds from the Cape Verde Islands, Gaboon, and Sene-
iMsa. Purchased of Mr. A. Bouvier.

62 specimens in spirits from Gaboon. Presented by H. T.
AwdljEsq.

1875.

Specimens presented, 908; purchased, 1194. Total, 2102.

440 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
iiittpe.

156 birds from Kamptee, Central India. Presented by Dr.
H. B. Hinde.

Bl birds from New Zealand. Received in exchange from the
OAmial Museum, Wellington.

180 birds from the Transvaal and Orange River Colony.
Collected by F. A. Barratt, Esq.

591 African birds from Dr. Bowdler Sharpens collection.
Por^uued.

8 2

260 Zoology.

1876.

Specimens presented, 2372 ; purchased, 1656. Total, 4(

100 specimens from Europe and Asia. Purchased of Mr.
Gould.

1246 birds from the North-Westem Himalayas and Ma
Presented by Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill.

110 specimens of birds, nests, and eggs, collected in the ]
of Rodriguez during the Transit of Venus expedition by the
H. H. Slater and Mr. G. Gulliver. Presented by the
Society.

200 birds from Upper Burma, collected by Dr. John An<
during the Yun-nan expedition. Presented by the Indian Mu
Calcutta.

300 birds from Western North America, collected durii
North American Boundary Commission (49th parallel
Professor G. Dawson. Presented by the Foreign Office.

151 birds from British North Borneo, and the lala
Labuan, collected by Sir Hugh Low.

750 African birds, being the fourth instalment of Dr. Be
Sharpens collection. Purchased.

22 birds and 114 eggs collected in Kerguelen Island 1
Rev. A. E. Eaton during the Transit of Venus expec
Presented by the Royal Society.

77 birds from the Philippine Islands. Collected by Pre
J. B. Steere.

1877.

Specimens presented, 845 ; purchased, 1006. Total, 1^

Of special interest were : —

138 birds from Kingwilliamstown, East Cape Colony,
sen ted by Major H. Trevelyan.

r)3 birds from China. Presented by the Shanghai Mas

25 birds from British New Guinea, collected by O. C.
Esq.

12 birds from British New Guinea, collected by Dr. Jai

3 birds, all new to the collection. Received in exchang
the Darmstadt Museum.

600 African birds, being the fourth instalment of Dr. B
Sharpens collection. Purchased.

144 birds from Labuan and North West Borneo, coUee
Governor Ussher.

Birds. 261

265 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
Shupe.

87 birds from the Pacific Islands. Purchased from the
Godeflbf Museum.

87 birds from Queensland and Abeokuta, West Africa,
ftvented by Francis Nicholson, Esq.

54 birds collected by Colonel H. W. Feilden, C.B., during
the Topige of the Alert and Discovery to the Arctic Regions,
hoenled by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury.

1878.

Spedmens presented, 989 ; purchased, 1936. Total, 2925.

Tbe acquisitions of special interest were : —

163 birds from the Ellice Islands, Fiji Islands, and Samoa.
Pnithaaed of the Rev. S. J. Whitmee.

115 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
SiMtpe.

108 birds from Uruguay and Argentina, collected by Mr.
Alan Peel.

82 birds from the Congo River, West Africa, and from
K«ang, Malay Peninsula. Purchased of M. A. Bouvier.

308 birds from Cochin China. Presented by M. E. Pierre.

46 birds from the Arctic Regions, collected by Colonel H. W.
Feilden, C.B. (H.M.S. Alert). Presented by the Lords Com-
Buadoners of the Treasury.

82 birds and eggs from Discovery Bay, collected by Mr. H.
Clncfaester Hart (H.M.S. Discovery). Presented by the Lords
ComnusBioners of the Treasury.

88 birds from Ceylon. Presented by Colonel Vincent I^gge
121 birds from West Java. Presented by Francis

Nieholion, Esq.

12 birds from the interior of Viti Levu, collected by
^. Kleinschmidt. Purchased from the Godeffroy Museum.

1038 African birds, being the fifth instalment of Dr. Bowdler
^ttipe's collection. Purchased.

200 birds from Western Siberia and Turkestan, being the
fat set of the specimens obtained by Dr. Finsch on his
^ipedition into Siberia.

1879.

Specimens presented, 3128; purchased, 332. Total, 3460.

Of special interest were the following items : —

52 birds from East Africa, collected by Dr. Hildebrandi.

262 Zoology.

68 birds from South Eastern New Guinea, collected 1
Mr. Kendal Broadbent. Purchased of Mr. Gerrard.

1858 birds from various localities in the Old Worl
Presented by Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S., and Mr. ObIk
Salvin, F.R.S.

360 birds from Matabeleland and the Zamljesi, collected ■■
the late Mr. Frank Gates. Presented by his brothers, W. E. ai
C. G. Gates, Esqrs.

700 birds from the British Indian Empire, including seva
types from the Indian Museum. Presented by the Secretary
State for India.

65 birds from the Straits of Magellan, collected 1
Dr. Coppinger (Voy. H.M.S. Alert), Presented by the Lords
the Admiralty.

1880.

Specimens presented, 6002; purchased, 1080. Total, 7082

4731 birds from the British Indian Empire, includii
112 types of species from the Indian Museum. Presented
the Secretary of State for India.

201 birds from Travancore, collected by Mr. Fra
Bourdillon.

91 skins and skeletons of biids from the Straits of Magelb
collected by Dr. Coppinger (Voy. H.M.S. Alert). Presented
the Lords of the Admiralty.

43 birds collected by Carl Hunstein in South Elast 5
Guinea. Purchased of Mr. Gerrard.

1021 birds and eggs, collected during the Voyage
H.M.S. Challenger. Presented by the Lords of the Treasury.

318 nests and eggs of birds from North West Bon
Presented by Sir Hugh Low.

12 birds from Duke of York Island, New Britain, J
Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, including 9 species new to
Museum, collected by E. L. and L. C. Layard, Esqrs.

188L

Specimens presented, 3032 ; purchased, 7102. Total, 10,1

108 skeletons and 205 skins of birds from the collection of
late T. C. Eyton, Esq.

56 specimens of Thrushes. Pre-sented by Henry Seebd
Esq.

123 birds from Nepal and (Jilgit. Presented by Dr.
ScuUv.

^trd^. 263

83 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
Skaipe.

66 birds from the Island of Socotra, collected by Professor I.
Bijiflj Balfour. Presented by the British Association.

97 birds from Duke of York Island, collected by the Rev. G.

6315 skins of birds, being the private collection of the late
John Gould.

The moonted series of Humming Birds from the collection of
the lite John Gould.

The collection of skins of Humming Birds from the collection
d the l&te John Gould.

9 specimens from the Extern Narra, Sind. Presented by
Sen^ Doig, Esq.

68 birds from various parts of Great Britain. Presented by
Theodore Walker, Esq.

17 specimens of Timeliidm from Burma, collected by Colonel
R. 6. Wardlaw Ramsay.

260 additional specimens from the North West Himalayas
ud Malacca. Presented by Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill.

85 birds from the North West Provinces, India. Presented
by Colonel Way.

19 birds from various locaUties. Presented by Dr. Coppinger.

48 birds from Egypt and Algeria. Presented by J. H.
Ginmey, Esq., jun.

1394 birds from Queensland, collected by Mr. T. J. Cockerell.
IWnted by Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.R.S.

21 birds from the Solomon Islands and Seychelles, collected
by Lieut. G. H. Richards, R.N.

11 birds from the New Hebrides. Purchased from the
^'od^^y Museum.

341 birds from Kandahar. Presented by Colonel Charles
Swinhoe.

106 birds from California. Presented by Lord Walsingham.

M birds from Gilgit. Presented by Colonel John Biddulph.

1882.

Specimens presented, 1293 ; purchased, 2593. Total, 3886.

Of special interest were the following accessions : —

31 nests, 392 eggs, and 31 sterna of birds from Pegu,
tinted by Eugene W. Gates, Esq.

1544 birds from Pegu, including 32 new species to the Museum,
ooUecfeed by Eugene W. Oates, Esq.

264 Zoology.

127 birds from the Islands of Torres Straits and QneeDslam.
collected by Dr. Coppinger (Voy. H.M.S. Alert). Presented I:
the Lords of the Admiralty.

546 birds, eggs, and skeletons from Madagascar, collected k
the Rev. Deans Cowan.

190 birds from various localities. Presented by Hens
Seebohm, Esq.

1883.

Specimens presented, 622 ; purchased, 327 ; exchanged, 10'
Total, 1056.

Specially important were : —

13 specimens of Twwliiflse fn)m the Philippine Islands an
Buima. Presented by Colonel R. G. Wai-dlaw Ramsay.

28 birds from South East New Guinea, collected Vi
Mr. A. Goldie.

95 birds from Tenasserim, collected by Colonel C. T. Bingban

103 birds from the Tenimber Islands, with types of 21 ne'
species, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes. Presented by tl
British Association.

40 birds from . the Nilghiri Hills. Presented '
W. Davison, Esq.

77 birds from the La was River in North West Bom«
collected by Mr. F. Burbidge. Presented by Harry Veitch, E»

13 specimens of Malayan birds, including 8 species new
the collection. Presented by the Leyden Museum.

64 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. .
Bowdler Sharpe.

44 birds from Brighton. Purchased of Mr. Henry Swayslan

23 birds from the Gold Coast. Presented by Sir Alfred Molonc

74 specimens of British birds, chiefly LimicoUe, from t!
collection of Mr. J. Edmund Harting.

1 07 specimens from New South Wales. Received in exchan
from the Australian Museum, Sydney.

32 birds from Japan. Presented by Captain Blakiston.

1884.

Specimens presented, 3954 ; purchased, 1320. Total, 5274

426 birds from Nigeria, and a collection of Weaver-Bir
(Ploveidse) and Finches (Frlngillidse). Bequeathed by the la
W. A. Forbes, Esq.

19 birds from Ashanti, West Africa. Presented 1
Sir Godfrey Lrfigden.

254 birds from Nagasaki, Japan. Presented by P. Ringer, Es

Birds. 265

13 birds from the Solomon Islands, including 7 species new to
tbe collection. Purchased from Mr. Cockerell.

27 birds from Japan. Presented by Captain Blakuston.
795 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
Sharpe.

64 birds from Zambesia. Presented by Sir John Kirk.
31 skeletons of Petrels, collected by the naturalists of
H.3iS. Challenger, Presented by the Lords of the Treasury.

128 birds from the Niam-niam country in Equatorial Africa,
eollected by Mr. F. Bohndorff.

27 birds from Bouru and other islands in the Moluccas,
collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes.

731 specimens of American Passeres from the c<dh»ctioii of
Dr. P. L Sclater (Hirundinid«y MniotiltidsB^ CserehitJai), including
34 types and 56 species new to the Museum. The first and
Mood instalments of the Sclater collection.

38 eggs from Tenasserim. Presented by Colonel C. T. Bingham .
25 birds fn>m Italy. Presented by Pr<)fessf)r H. H. Oiglioli.
69 birds and eggs from Corsica, including the type of a new
^ies of Nuthatch {Sitta whiteheadi). Presented by John
Whitehead, Esci.

90 birds from the Nilghiii Hills. Presente<l by W. 11.
Davi»n, Esq.

826 eggs from various localities. Presented by Osbert
Wvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S.
8 birds from Aden. Presented by Colonel Yerbury.
198 eggs from Pegu. Presented by Eugene W. Gates, Esq.
•J32 birds from Mhow, C. India. Presented by Colonel
Charles Swinhoe.

138 specimens of Swallows (Hiruwllnidse) and American
Warblers (MnioiiUidse) from various parts of North America.
Preacnted by the U. S. National Museum.

579 eggs from various localities. Fi'om the collection of the
l»tej(^hn Gould, Esq.

1885.

'Specimens presented, 87,827 ; purchased, 3024. Total, y0,.*)51 .

The chief event of this year was the presentation by Mr.

•UlanO. Hume, C,B., of his famous collection (59,612) of Indian

Ws, and their eggs (15,965). This was the largest private

collection at that time in the world.

Other accessions of great inten^st were :

2365 eggs from various localities. Presented by Osbert .
iWvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane (Jodman, F.R.S.

266 Zoology.

910 birds from various localities. Presented by
Bowdler Sharpe.

36 birds from France. Presented by Edward
Esq., R.L

183 eggs from Betsileo in Madagascar. Presente
Rev. Deans Cowan.

227 specimens of Finches {Fringillidse) and Hang-n
ridse). Presented by the U. S. National Museum.

24 birds from Aden and Lahej. Presented by
Yerbury.

2281 specimens of American Passeres — {Ictertdse, T
Fringillidse), the third, fourth and fifth instalments of tl
collection.

189 birds from Fao in the Persian Gulf. Present
D. Gumming, Esq,

31 birds from the island of Palawan in the PI
collected by E. Lempri^re, Esq.

75 birds from Mt. Kilimanjaro in German East A
lected by Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Pre*
the British Association.

66 birds from Muscat. Presented by Colonel Miles

31 birds from Ceylon. Presented by Colonel Vince

354 birds from Argentina, collected by the lat
Dumford, Esq.

1157 eggs from various localities ; continuation of the
of the late John Gould, Esq.

6895 birds {Turdid^ and Fringillidse), being the fir
instalments of their Neotropical collection. Presented '
Salvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, Esq

1886.

Specimens presented, 2524 ; purchased, 1 496. Tota
Of special interest were the following : —
480 birds, principally Hawks and Owls. Pres
Henry Seebohm, Esq.

516 birds from various localities, purchased from the
of the late Sir William Jardine.

802 American birds (Twrdidse, Mimidse, Troglodytia
the sixth, seventh, and eighth instalments of the Sclater <
143 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr
Sharpe.

I 35 birds from the South Atlantic, principally from

j of S. Trinidad. Presented by the Earl of Crawford, K.'

Hirds. 267

84 birds from Boshire, S. Persia. Presented by A. J. V.
Palmer, Esq.

230 birds from Afghanistaii, collected by Dr. Aitchisoii.
Presented by the Afghan Delimitation Commission.

45 birds from 8. Manchuria. Presented by Sir Evan James.

33 birds itom the mountains of Perak. Presented by L.
Wray, Esq., jun.

1073 birds from Yucatan and the adjacent islands, collected by
Dr. G. F. Ganmer, and presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S.,
ttdDr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S. (thirteenth instalment).

1887,

Specimens presented, 25,206 ; purchased, 703 ; received in
exchange, 60. Total, 25,969.

The year 1887 was memorable for the presentation by Colonel
R. G. Wardlaw Ramsay of the splendid collection of Asiatic
birds bequeathed to him by his uncle, the 9th Marquess of
Tweeddale.

Other notable additions were : —

24 birds from the Solomon Islands, including the types of 3
tpedes. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater.

35 birds from the Solomon Islands, including S species new to
the Museum and the type of Macrocorctx woodfordi, collected by
C. M. Woodford, Esq.

241 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
•Shaipe.

75 birds from S.E. New Guinea, collected by the Hon.
Hugh Romilly. Presented by the Exhibition Commissioners of
Qooeosland.

35 birds from the mountains of Camaroons, W. Africa,
collected by Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Presented
by the British Association.

82 birds from California and Arizona. Presented by G. Frean
Morcom, Esq.

23 birds from China, including types of two species described
^J the donor. Presented by F. W. Styan, Esq.

485 Humming Birds, being the ninth instalment of the Sclater
collection.

19 birds from the mountains of Perak in the Malay Peninsula,
ftewated by L. Wray, Esq., jun.

192 birds from Derby, N. W. Australia. Presented by Captain
Bowyer-Bower. Collected by his son, the late T. H. Bowyer-
Bower, Esq.

268 Zoology.

6 birds from New Ireland, including the types of
species, collected by Dr. Otto Finsch.

37 birds from S. Manchuria. Presented by Sir Ei

1 7 birds from the Congo, collected by Mr. F. Bohn

342 birds from Equatorial Africa. Presented by Ei

5 birds from Chnstmas Island, Indian Ocean, coUec
the voyage of the Flying Fish. Presenter! by the Lo
Admiralty.

60 birds from the Caucasus and other parts of tl
Empire. Received in exchange from the Imperial J
Sciences, St. Petersburg.

539 Cuckoos and 36 Petrels from various localities
the type of Cymocharea monorhis. Presented by Henrj
Esq.

25 birds from the Sudan. Presented by Colonel
Vemer.

183 birds from East Africa, including the types
jacJc8onit Sylviella minima, and Campothera pallida. Pi
F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

3335 specimens of American CarvidsBj Trochilidm,
jntres, being the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth i
of their Neotropical collection. Presented by Osbert S
F.R.S., and Dr. Du Cane Gkxlman, F.R.S.

1888.

Specimens presented, 20,392; purchased, 1986; :
exchange, 30. Total, 22,408.

Special mention may be made of the following acc(

1718 specimens of Tyrannidm^ Cotingidm, and Pipridi
no less than 117 types of species, being the tenth in$
the Sclater collection.

44 bii-ds from East Africa. Presented by F. J. Jac
C.B., C.M.G.

57 birds from the island of Guadalcanar, Solomon A
including the types of 13 new species. Collected
Woodford, Esq.

68 birds from Guadalcanar. Presented by C. M.
Esq.

5408 specimens of TyrannidsB^ PipridsBy Cotingu.
PicariWy etc., being the seventeenth to twenty-ninth i
of their Neotropical collection. Presented by Osbert S
F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S.

Birds. 269

13,326 q)eoi]iieiis of skins and eggs of North American birds,
forming the Hanshaw collection. Pi^esented by Dr. F. Du Cane
Godman, F.R.S.

13 birds from Muscat. Presented by Surgeon-Colonel Jayakar.

198 birds from various localities. Presented by Henry See-

26 birds from Dondnica, collected by Mr. Ramage. Presented
by tbe West Indian Committee of the Royal Society.

19 Cormorants and Shags from Fowey, Cornwall. Presented
by Dr. A. Gtinther.

76 birds from the mountains of Perak. Presented by A.
Wray, Esq., jun.

52 birds from South East New Guinea, including the types of
four new species, coUected by Dr. H. O. Forbes.

35 birds, coUected by M. Humblot in the Comoro Islands.
Parchaaed of Mr. G. A. Frank.

30 birds and 5 eggs from the Island of Fernando Noronha,
including the types of two new species, collected by H. M. Ridley,
Esq. Presented by the Royal Society.

85 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler
Shupe.

231 birds from the Island of Cyprus. Presented by Lord
lilford.

23 birds from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, including the
types of five new species. Presented by J. J. Lister, Esq.

54 birds from North West Borneo, and the neighbouring
ialands, collected by Alfred Everett, Esq.

8 birds from the Comoro Islands, with four species new to
^6 collection. Presented by the Paris Museum.

69 birds from Ichang in Western China, collected by Mr.
1 E. Pratt.

44 birds from Benguela, including twenty species new to the
Museum collection. Presented by the Lisbon Museum.

195 birds from Fao, Persian Gulf. Presented by W. 1).
Camming^ Esq.

1889.

Specimens presented, 6936 ; purchased, 4093 ; received in
exchange, 76. Total, 11,105.

364 specimens of Pigeons, Barbets, Cuckoos, Weaver-birds,
Woodpeckers, including types of four species new to the Museum.
fte»ented by Henry Seebohm, Esq.

4947 specimens of Accipitres, Patittaciy ColumbifarmeSj Cracid«j

270 Zoology.

etc., being the thirtieth Id thirty-ninth instalments xit thei
Neotropical collection. Presented by Osbert Salvin, E.s<j., F.R.S
and Dr. F. Du Cane Godnian, F.R.S.

48 birds from the Baram district of Sarawak, Borneo, collectei
by Dr. Charles Hose.

275 bii-ds (mostly Starlings and Lai-ks) fi-om various localitier
Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe.

70 birds from Mount Aboo, North West India, 'Collected b;
Colonel A. E. Butler. Received in exchange.

36 birds from the Island of Palawan, Philippine Archipelago
collected by Mr. John Whitehead.

1952 specimens of Woodpeckers, Cuckoos, Toucans, Barbets
DendrocoloptidsB, FormicarndWy being the eleventh, twelfth
thirteenth, and fourteenth instalments of the Sclater collection
including 112 types.

1681 specimens of African bii-ds, Alaudidm, Ploceidmy Pieariat
etc., being the first to the eighth instalments of the Shelie
collection, including thirteen types of species descrilied b
Captain G. E. Shelley.

186 birds from the Kilimanjaro district and Teita in Ew
^Vfrica, including seven types of new species. Presented b
H. C. V. Hunter, Esq.

H birds from Kansu in North W^est China, collected V
Mr. Berezowski, including seventeen species new to the coUectio

59 birds from the Lower Congo, collected by Mr. L. Petit.

98 Ducks from various Ificalities. Presented by H. J. Elwt
Esq., F.R.S.

11 Gulls from th(» colle<;tion of the late Mr. Vingoe, frr
Cornwall. Purchased at the Vingoe sale.

148 birds from the collection of the Conte de Kioci^i
including an example of the extinct Starling (Freffilupw vuriu
of Reunion.

105 birds from Dominica, collected by Mr. Ramage. P
sented by the West India Committee of the Royal Society.

121 birds from Tasmania. Presented by C. G. H. Lloyd, E

63 birds and 17 eggs from China, from Mount Kina Balu a
North Western Borneo. Presented by John Whitehead, Esq.

40 birds from Yarkand, collected by the Rev. Dr. Ljinsdell

57 birds from South Wales. Presented by the Hon. "^
Edwardes (afterwards Lord Kensington).

33 Starlings from the vicinity of Lucknow. Presented
George Reid, Esq., Director of the Lucknow Museum.

Birds. 271

1890.

Specimens presented, 5055; purchased, 1955; received in
exdukoge, 136. Total, 7147.

AvMiety of the Snipe and a Reeve's Pheasant. Presented by His
Majesty Kkg Edward VII. (then H.R.H. the Prince of Wales).
3835 specimens of American birds, Accipiires (Birds of Prey),
(M20 (Crows), TurdidsB (Thrushes), Troglodytidse (Wrens),
ete., being the fortieth to forty-iifth instalments of the Salvin-
Godnun collection. Presented by Dr. F. Du Cane Gk)dman,
FM,and Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S.

834 specimens of Picarian birds, being the linal instalment of
(he Sdater coUection.

761 specimens of Africiui birds, being the ninth to nineteenth
instalments of the Shelley collection.

405 specimens of Larks, Hoopoes, and Kingtishers, mostly
from the Swinhoe collection. Presented by Henry Seebohm, Esq.
216 eggs from Fao, Persian Gulf. Presented by W. D.
Camming, Esq.

The only known British specimen of the Siberian Thrush
(ddHotdys sibirica). Frederic Bond Bequestv

47 birds from the Altai Mountains. Presented by St. George
littledale, Esq.

82 birds from Madeira and the Desertas Islands, including
^ type of a new Sparrow-hawk (Accipiter ffrantt). Presented by
W. R. Ogilvie Grant, Esq.

Toung birds and eggs of the Cream-coloured Courser
(Cnnmus gaUiau). Presented by E. G. B. Meade-Waldo, Esq.

17 birds from the Aruwhimi River, collected by the late
J. 8. Jameson. Presented by Mrs. Jameson.

543 birds from Africa. Presented by J. H. Gurney, jun.
This collection was formed by the donor's father, John Henry
^nejr, and was a most valuable addition to the National
Collection ; consisting, as it did, of much of the material on which
Hr. Gurney and Mr. Thomas Ayres had founded their memoirs
on tiw Ornithology of Natal and the Transvaal.

168 birds from Turkestan, collected by the late Dr. Severtzow.
100 birds from Labuan and Sarawak. Collected by
A. H. Everett, Esq.

28 birds from Equatorial Africa. Presented by Emin Pasha.
240 birds from the Philippine Islands. Received in exchange
from E. L. Moseley, Esq.

272 Zoology.

^% birds from the Bellendeii-Ker Range, North East
Queensland. Presented by the Australian Museum, Sydniey.

136 eggs fi'om Southern Spain. Presented by Lord lilford.

101 birds from Northern Italy. Presented by Count T.
Salvadori.

216 eggs from Fao, Persian Gulf. Presented by W. D.
Gumming, Esq.

77 birds and eggs from the Arctic and Antarctic Ooem.
Bequeathed by Dr. Robert McCormick.

42 birds from Kiukiang, S. China. Presented by P. W.
Styan, Esq.

19 birds from the Sandwich Islands, collected by 3Cr.
Knudsen. Presented by Professor Collett, Director <i the
University Museum, Christiania.

1891.

Specimens presented, 5095 ; purchased, 507 ; received in
exchange, 2771. Total, 12,883.

56 birds from Muscat. Presented by Surgeon-Colonel A. S.
Ct. Jayakar.

418 specimens collected during the second Yarkand Mission.
In exchange with the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

37 birds and nests from the Pamir. Presented by St. George
Littledale, Esq.

97 specimens from Corea, including the Black Woodpecker,
TJiriponax kalinowskii, new to the collection. Presented byC.
W. Campbell, Esq.

13 specimens from the Shan States. Presented by E.W.
Gates, Esq.

186 specimens from the Philippine Islands, obtained during
the Steere expedition, with 20 species new to the Museum.
Purchased and exchanged with E. L. Moseley, Esq.

32 specimens from the islands of the Bight of Benin, indnd-
ing six species new to the collection. Presented by the Lisbon
Museum.

16 birds from East Africa. Received in exchange from the
Berlin Museum.

10 birds from the Phivnix Islands, with two species of PetreU
new to the collection. Presented by J. J. Lister, Esq.

22 birds from Montana and Dakota, including some fim
examples of North Ametican Buzzards. Presented by E. S
Cameron, Esq.

Birds. 273

peoimens from Central Chili and Tarapac4, including
ioes new to the collection, among them the rare Avooet
odeB (Beeurvirostra andina). Presented by H. Berkeley
laq.

BtB and eggs from Barbados. Presented by Colonel W.
)n, C.B.

'Otic and Antarctic birds. Bequeathed by the late Dr.
[eCormick.

Ig^ of Gulls and Terns (Lartdas). Presented by Howard
, Esq. This was a very valuable present, the donor being
38t authority on the Laridm, which family he described in
y-fifth volume of the " Catalogue of Birds."
rat instalment of his collection of bird's eggs, comprising
nples. Presented by H. Seebohm, Esq.
is year Mr. Seebohm conunenced the arrangement of
om series of eggs in cabinets.

specimens of American birds, being the forty-sixth to
I instalments of the Salvin-Godman collection. Presented
Du Cane Godman,F.R.S.,and Os})ert Salvin, Esq.,F.R.S.
pecimens of African OaUiformes (Game-birds), BaUi-
tails), awl Charadriifarmes (Plovers, etc.), being the
to the twenty-second instalments of the Shelley

1892.
Qens presented, 10,024; purchased, 1013; received in
.119. Total, 11,156.

oggB and specimens of Charadrii formes (Wading Birds),
is (Gulls and Terns), Ballif amies (Rails). Presented by
ebohm, Esq.

tpecimens, being the fifty-sixth to sixty-sixth instalments
ollection of Neotropical birds. Presented by Dr. F. Du
Iman and Osbert Salvin, Esq.

r of Newton's Gardener Bower-bird {Prionwlura newtoni-
resented by the Queensland Museum,
birds from Central Chili and Tarapac4. Presented by
ley James, Esq.
ds and eggs from the River Gambia. Presented by Dr.

rds from the island of Engano, collected by Mr. Modi-

ds from Eastern Prussia and other parts of Germany,
in exchange from Dr. E. Harteit.

T

274 Zoology.

101 birds from Mount Dulit, Sarawak, including
new to the collection and 1 3 types. Collected by Dr. <

447 birds from Natal and the Bermudas, collected
Savile G. Reid.

3 rare birds from Benguela and St. Thomas' I
Africa, including the type of a new geniis and speciei
ciclila hocagei. Presented by the Lisbon Museum.

58 birds from the neighbourhood of Buenos Aires
by F. Withington, Esq.

A pair of the Flightless Rail of Laysan Island,
palmeri. Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, PI

180 Columbiformes (Pigeons), being the twenty-third
of the Shelley collection.

11 birds from the Malay Peninsula. Presented
Davison, Esq.

145 biids from Mt. Kina Balu and N.W. Borneo
by A. H. Everett, Esq.

21 birds from New Zealand and the Chatha]
collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes.

27 birds from Anguilla Island, W.I. Presented b]
Indian Committee of the Royal Society.

32 birds, mostly from Peru, with several new to the
Presented by Count Branicki.

78 birds from North Australia and the island o
in the Moluccas, collected by Dr. Bassett-Smith daring
of H.M.S. Penguin. Presented by the Lords of the A

477 birds from Hungary. Presented by the
National Museum, Budapest.

257 birds from Nyasa Land, containing twelve types
species new to the collection. Presented by Sir
Johnston, K.C.B., G.C.M.G.

1893.

Specimens presented, 11,062; purchased, 202; i
exchange, 162. Total, 11,426.

Among the important accessions were : —

502 specimens from Nyasa Land. Presented by
Johnston, K.C.B., G.C.M.G.

882 specimens of Neotropical birds. Presented bj
Godman, F.R.S., and Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S.

44 types of new species of birds discovered '
Uganda and on Mount Elgon. Presented by F. «
Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

Birds. 275

289 specimens of Herons {Ardeiformes) and Limicoline birds
(dnndmformes). Presented by Henry Seebohm, Esq.

U birds from Snakin. Presented by Surgeon-Major R. H.
PBDton.

83 birds from Mt. Kalulong and the Baram district of Sara-
nk. Presented by Dr. Charles Hose.

A third instahnent of 8273 eggs was presented by Mr.
HiDiy Seebohm, making, with those previously given by him, a
faatiou of 16,290 specimens.

109 eggs of Australian birds from Gippsland, Victoria. Pre-
nrted by Judge Philbnck, K.C.

229 birds from various parts of Australia. Presented by
Lord Leigh.

Specimens of Tetraophctsis szechenyi^ from Tibet, and 0ru8
vifrwHUs, from Mongolia, both species new to the Museum col-
betioQ. Presented by Henry Seebohm, Esq.

32 birds from Mt. Kina Balu. Presented by Dr. H. A.
HATiknd and Dr. D. G. Haviland.

22 birds and eggs from the Chatham Islands, collected by
Dr. H. O.Forbes.

63 birds from Chili. Bequeathed by the late H. Berkeley
James, Esq.

27 birds from Antigua, Santa Lucia, collected by Mr. Ramage.
IVnented by the West Indian Committee of the Royal Society.

44 specimens of Pheasants and Grouse from various parts of
tk BoBsian Empire. Received in exchange from the St. Peters-
bm]^ Museum.

95 Herons, being the twenty-fourth instalment of the Shelley
ooDection.

60 birds from Shoa. Received in exchange from the Turin
MueaiD.

24 specimens from Sarawak and N. W. Borneo, collected by
Mr. A. W. Everett, including the rare Partridge of Kina Balu
(EBonatortyx sanguinicepa, Sharpe), and the type-specimen of
Ererefct's Spider-hunter {Arachnothera everetti).

86 specimens from Mount Kalulong and the Baram province
of Sarawak, collected by Dr. Charles Hose, including the types
of Glowidium bomeensey Turdinus kalulongse, and T, tephraps,

32 birds from the Lower Congo and other localities. Presented
^ Dr. Bowdler Sharpe.

31 Neotropical birds. Received in exchange from Graf
H«n8 Ton Berlepsch.

T 2

276 Zoology.

1894.

Specimena presented, 4505; purchased, 1525; r
exchange, 243. Total, 6273.

1482 specimens of Tanagridm, presented by Dr. F. D
F.R.S., and Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S.

690 birds, viz. 354 Anseriformes (Ducks and (
Colymbiformes (Grebes and Divers), 81 Ardeiformes
57 Larifomies (Gulls), 122 Charadriifarmea (Wa
Strigiformes (Owls). Presented by Henry Seebohm, E

183 birds ivom Nyasa Land. Presented by S
Johnston, G.C.B., K.C.M.G.

86 birds from the Shan States, Burma, including
of two new species. Presented by Eugene W. Oates, 1

55 birds and 61 eggs from Foochow, S. China,
by C. B. Rickett, Esq.

65 birds from the Sulu Islands, including types of
species, and nine new to the Museum. Collected
Everett, Esq.

173 birds from N.W. Borneo. Received in exchi
A. H. Everett, Esq.

171 specimens from the island of Palawan. Pre
A. H. Everett, Esq.

A specimen of the Seychelles Tufted Owl {(.
inmlaris). Presented by Chevalier Brooks.

A pair of the Flightless Duck of the Aucklan
{Nesonetta aucklandica) ; a pair of Mantell's Apteryx (Ji
from North Island, N.Z. ; and a pair of the E
Germany's Bird of Paradise {Trichoparadisea gulielmi
Finisterre Mts., New Guinea. Presented by the Ho
Rothschild, D.Sc, M.P.

496 skins of Gulls (LaridsB) from Mr. Howard 2
collection.

15 specimens from Central Asia. Presented by S
Idttledaie, Esq.

124 birds from Kashmir and the Salt Range. Pn
Dr. J. Aitchison.

86 specimens from the Shan States. Presented
Oates, Esq.

60 bones of birds from the Chatham Islands, inclu<
of Aphanapferyx and other extinct species, with typef
new species. Collected by Dr. H. O, Forbes.

Birds. 277

67 birds j&rom Ecuador. Presented by W. H. D. Haggard, Esq.

63 birds from China. Presented by F. W. Styan, Esq.

669 specimens of Phalacrocaracidse (Cormorants), Anaiidse
(Dacb), Aceipitres (birds of prey), Strtges (Owls), and Crows
(Cbrmfe), etc., being the twenty-Mth and twenty-sixth instal-
of the Shelley collection.

1896.
^tedmens presented, 2687 ; purchased, 7856 ; received in
eufauge, 18. Total 10,561.
Of special interest are : —

2 Little Auks {AUe alle) found dead at Sandringham.
ftwented by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales (King Edward VII.).
247 birds and eggs, from Madeira, Porto Santo, and the
Sihrige Islands. Presented by the lion. Cecil Baring, and
W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq.

46 Petrels {ProceUariiformea) and Gulls {Lari formes). Pre-
mted by Henry Seebohm, Esq.

924 birds with nests and eggs from Rio de Janeiro
Preaaited by Alexander Fry, Esq.

3124 specimens of African birds, ])eing the twenty-seventh to
lbs thirty-fifth instalment of the Shelley Collection of African
Krds.

23 types of new species of birds discovered during his expe-
ditioa to Lake Rudolf. Presented by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith.

179 birds from Somali Land, including nine types and twelve

fecaes new to the Museum, collected by E. Lort Phillips, Esq.

71 birds and eggs from Aden. Presented by Colonel Yerbury .

4426' birds from Assam and Manipur, including many types

ttd species new to the Museum, collected by Colonel H. H.

Godwin-Austen, F.R.S.

104 birds from the Philippine Islands, the Sulu Archipelago,
•nd Mt Kina Balu in N.W. Borneo, collected by A. H.
Everett, Esq.

22 birds from the islands of Luzon and Mindoro, in the
Huli|^ine Archipelago, collected by A. H. Everett, Esq.

58 birds from New Zealand. Presented by Sir Samuel
Scottj Bart.

175 birds from the Hawaiian Archipelago, including twenty-
nz tfedes new to the Museum, collected by R. C. L. Perkins,
^. Presented by the Joint Committees of the Royal Society
ud the British Association.

278 Zoology.

178 birds from the Rio Pilcomayo, collooted by J. Graluy
Kerr, Esq. Presented by Capt. Juan Page.

13 birds, including nine species new to the collection. B
eeived in exchange from the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Ph.D.,M.]

64 birds and eggs from Fao, Persian Gulf, collected by ^
D. Gumming, Esq.

19 birds from the Solomon Islands, including types of fa
new species. Presented by Dr. E. P. Ramsay, Director of tl
Australian Museum.

109 eggs of Guckoo, with sets of the eggs of the fosti
parents, and the nests. From the collection of Leopo
Field, Esq.

1896.

Specimens presented, 19,C04 ; purchased, 2210 ; received
exchange, 56. Total, 21,900.

The most important additions were : —

The Seebohm bequest of 16,950 skins and skeletons of bin
being the remainder of the collection formed by the late Hen
Seebohm, Esq. During the preceding years, Mr. Seebohm b
presented to the Museum his collection of eggs and many of 1
birds for the purpose of aiding the preparation of the * Catalog
of Birds ' and the ' Catalogue of Eggs.'

420 birds from the Savana of British Guiana. Presented 1
F. V. McGonnell, Esq., and J. J. Quelch, Esq.

35 birds from Mashona Land. Presented by Guy A. ]
Marshall, Esq.

77 birds from South Australia. Presented by H. Munt,Es

1650 specimens from the Steere expedition to the PhiliK>in<
including 44 types and 15 species new to the Museum, collect
by Professor J. B. Steere.

97 mounted Humming Birds. Presented by the Hon. Walt
Rothschild.

66 specimens from Zulu Land, collected by Messrs. R. B. ai
J. D. S. Woodward.

104 birds, chiefly from Celebes, collected by A. H. Evere
Esq.

32 birds from Machakos, British East Africa, collected
Dr. S. J. Hinde.

20 birds from Matabele Land. Presented by F. C. Selous, £i

1807 birds from the Pahearctic Region, from the collection
the late Edwanl Hargitt, Esq., R.I.

Birds. 279

^ birds from Aden and Somali Laud. Received in exchange
ban Gipt. Nurse.

41 birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands, including eighteen
fMoes new to the Museum, collected by Jolin Wliitehead, Esq.

45 birds from Andros Island, Bahamas. Presented by
E^erille Chamberlain, Esq.

66 q>ecimens of Eider Ducks {Somateria mollissima) and Black
GnUemots {Uria grylle) from the neighbourhood of Christian-
nod, N. Norway : illustrating the various moults and changes of
phmage. Ck)llected by Nikolai Hanson.

72 birds from Nyasa Land, including the types of three
awr ^^edes. Presented by Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B.,
G.CJi.G.

37 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe,
tCllG.

49 specimens from the Marianne Islands, including nine
^edesnew to the collection. Received in exchange fi-om the
Hon. Walter Rothschild, D.Sc., M.P.

98 birds from Somali Land, and 31 from Persia. Collected
ttdlffesented by F. GiUett, Esq.

1897.

Specimens presented, 6293 ; purchased, 6359 ; received in
ocbsnge, 131. Total, 12,783.

The following were of special interest : —

972 binls. Presented by Dr. F. D. Godman, F.R.S., and
OrfwrtSalTin,E8q., F.R.S.

3045 birds from Gilgit in High Kashmir, Kashgar, Yarkand,
etc This collection, formed by Colonel John Biddulph and pre-
Kated by him to the Museum, contained also a fine series of
aking of Finches {Fringillidse).

28 birds from the Southern Shan States. Presented by
Cokmel G. Rippon.

81 birds from the Sandwich Islands, collected by R. C. L.
Perkins, Esq. Presented by the Joint Committees of the Royal
Bodety and the British Association.

17 specimens from the Cape Verde Islands, including the
types of two new species. Presented by Boyd Alexander, Esq.

47 birds from Foochow. Presented by C. B. Rickett, Esq.
«Qd J. D. La Touche, Esq.

25 Geese and Ducks from Walcheren, Holland. Presented
^T. M. Pike, Esq., and H. L. Popham, Esq.

280 Zoology.

34 birds and eggs from Spitzbergen. Presented by A. Trev-<<
Battye, Esq.

614 specimens from the Philippine Islands, including <
types and 68 species new to the Museum ; collected by Jol
Whitehead, Esq. Presented by the subscribers to the Whitehea
expedition.

428 birds from Northern Nyiisa Land, coUected by !£
Alexander White. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.O-

61 birds from the islands off Lower California. Presented fc
A. W. Anthony, Esq.

10 types of new species from Equatorial Africa. Presente
by F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

224 specimens from Argentina, collected by A. N. Ho
land, Esq.

36 birds from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, collected b
Dr. C. W. Andrews. Presented by Sir John Murray, K.C.B.

14 specimens, including seven species new to the collectiox
Received in exchange from the Hon. Walter Rothschilc
Ph.D., M.P.

116 specimens from the islands of Luzon, Philippine Arch.:
pelago, collected by John Whiteheiid, Esq.

157 specimens, mostly Humming Birds, from Ecuador. Pre
sented by L. Soderstrom, Esq.

Ill birds from the neighbourhood of Chiistiansund, X
Norway, collected by Nikolai Hanson.

26 specimens from S.E. New Guinea, including nine specie:
new to the Museum, collected by Dr. L. Loria.

72 birds from the neighbourhood of Bangkok, collected bj
Capt. Stanley Flower. Keceived in exchange from the Roya!
Siamese Museum.

218 birds from Uiniguay, collected by O. V. Aplin, Esq.

136 birds from the islands of Savu and Lombok, collected by
A. H. Everett, Esq.

135 birds from Northern Celebes, collected by Dr. Charlee
Hose.

72 eggs of Philippine binls, collected by John WTiitehead, B^q

42 specimens from New Ze^iland and the neighbouring ialandft
Received in exchange from the Otago Museum.

5479 specimens of Palaearctic birds and the collection ^
AN'oodpeckers formed by the late Edward Hargitt, Esq., R.I.

Birds. 281

1898.

Specimens presented, 4130; purchasetl, 2227; received in
exchange, 485. Total, 6842.

Of special interest were the following : —

678 egg& of Chilian birds. Bequeathed by the late H.
Berkeley James, Esq.

1344 birds from various parts of the Indian Empire. Pre-
«nted by Dr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S.

186 birds from Somali Land and South Arabia, including
levea types and nine species new to the Museum. Presented by
B. McD. Hawker, Esq.

232 birds from Bering Sea. Presented by Capt. G. E. H.
Bvrett-Hamilton.

40 specimens of Larks (Alaiididse) and other rare species from
Morocco and Tunis. Presented by J. I. S. Whitaker, Esq.

116 birds from N.W. Foh-Kien, China, including the types
rf seTen new species. Presented by C. B. Rickett, Esq., and J.
D.La louche, Esq.

n skeletons and birds in spirit. Presented by Dan.Meinertz-
%n,E8q.

Types of two new Pigeons from Alligator River, N.W.
Aostralia. Received in exchange from the Christiania Museum.

26 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by General Manning.

42 birds from Somali Land. Presented by J. Benet
^ord, Esq.

14 birds and eggs from New Zealand. Presented by Capt.
K. Snow.

75 birds from Muscat. Presented by Surgeon-Colonel
Jayakar.

64 eggs of Gulls and Ducks from the Smolen Islands, N.
Norway. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe.

61 birds from Somali Land and the Lake Rudolf district.
I^resented by Lord Delamere.

118 birds from British Guiana. Presented by F. M.
McComiell, Esq., and J. J. Quelch, Esq.
72 birds from N.W. Borneo, collected by J. B. Bell, Esq.
A nest with eggs of Prince Albert's Rifle-Bird {Crattpedophora
•ftertj). Received in exchange from D. Le Souef, Esq.

93 birds from the Louisiade Archipelago, collected by
Albert S. Meek, Esq.

66 birds from Mashona Land, collected by J. L. Sowerby, Esq.

282 Zoology.

21 birds from Mount Albert Edward, British New Gnin.^
containing several species new to the collection. Purchased

33 birds from Franz Josef Land, collected during t,
Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition. Presented by Capt. F. <
Jackson.

74 birds from the Khin-gan Mountains, Mongolia. Presents
by Dr. D. Donaldson Smith, J. E. Famum, Esq., and G. I
Farnum, Esq.

53 birds from Mozambique, including the type of a ne
species. Presented by H. 8. H. Cavendish, Esq.

28 birds from New Guinea, including 5 species new to tl
collection. Received in exchange from the Hon. Walt*
Rothschild, Ph.D., M.P.

238 bh-ds from Nyasa Land. Presented by Sir AlfrE
Sharpe, K.C.M.G.

95 birds from Machakos, British East Africa. Presented b
S. L. Hinde, Esq.

18 birds from Centi-al Australia, obtained during the Hoc
Expedition. Presented by W. A. Horn, Esq.

565 eggs from Argentina, collected by A. H. Holland, Esq.

76 specimens from the Philippine Islands, collected by Joh
Whitehead, Esq.

348 birds and eggs from the Lesser Sunda Islands and Nort!
Western Borneo. Collected by A. H. Everett, Esq.

257 birds from Somali Land, including 7 types and 8 qwde
new to the Museum. Collected by E. Lort Phillips, Esq.

443 birds from Canada. Received in exchange from J. H
Fleming, Esq.

65 birds from Christiansund, N. Norway. Collected bj
Nikolai Hanson.

1899.

Specimens presented, 13,290; purchased, 2018; received ii
exchange, 121. Total, 15,429.
Of special interest are : —

9802 specimens of Mexican birds. Presented by Dr. F. B
Godman, F.R.S., and Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S.

1192 birds from Southern China. Presented by C. *
Rickett, Esq.

174 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by Gone^
Manning.

40 birds from Ascension Island and Diego Garcia. Present
by Dr. Frank Penrose.

Birds. 283

lU birds, 6 nests, and 11 eggs from the Chilian ^Vndes.
IVesented bj E. A. Fitzgerald, Esq.

242 birds from Argentina and Patagonia. Presented by
Dr. F. Moreno.

146 birds from Australia and Canada. Presented by Capt.
G. E. Shelley.

30 birds from Muscat. Presented by Surgeon-Colonel
Jftyakar.

9 birds, 29 eggs, and 76 nests from China. Pi-esented by
J. D. La louche, Esq.

16 birds from the Transvaal. Presented by F. C. Selous,

18 birds from Yarkand. Presented by Capt. P. Deasy.

27 birds and eggs from Nigeria. Presented by Dr. Cuthbert

209 birds and 12 eggs from the Islands of Sokotra and
Abd-€l-Kuri, including the types of 8 new species, collected by
W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq., and Dr. H. O. Forbes. Pi-esented
by the Royal Society.

100 birds from various parts of Italy. Presented by Count
1 Arrigoni degli Oddi.

20 birds from Bolivia. Presented by Count H. von
Berlepsch.

63 birds and 16 eggs of birds from the Smolen Islands, North
Norway. Presented by Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe.

8 types of new species from Uganda. Presented by F. J.
Jickaon, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

664 birds and 53 eggs from the Galapagos Archipelago,
collected by the Webster-Harris Expedition.

18 birds from Coruna, Spain. Presented by Dr. Lopez
Seoane.

103 birds from Canada. Received in exchange from J. H.
Fleming, Esq.

21 birds from the island of Basilan, Philippine Archipelago.
Collected by Mr. J. Waterstradt.

177 skins and specimens in spirit from Liberia, collected by
^. Demery. Purchased of Mr. G. A. Frank.

55 birds from the Hinterland of the Gold Coast. Pi*esented
^ the late Colonel H. P. Northcott.

23 birds from Bolivia. Presented by Sii* Martin Conway.
41 birds from Mount Moari, New Guinea. Collected by Mr.

284 Zoology.

4 specimens of a new species of Bunting (Zonoirieliia m«
connelli), from Mount Koraima, JBritisli Guinea. Presented 1
F. V. McConneU, Esq.

77 birds from the Louisiade Archipelago. Collected bj \J
A. S. Meek.

45 bii-ds from Cape York. Collected by Mr. A. S. Meek.

90 birds from Ecuador and Puna Island. Collected by tJ
late Mr. Perry O. Simons.

1900.

Specimens presented, 4629; purchased, 1209; received i
exchange, 609. Total, 6447.

The principal accessions were : —

953 birds fi-om the Shan States, including the types of seve
new species. Presented by Colonel G. KippoD.

90 birds from Equatorial Africa. Presented by Dr. A
Donaldson Smith.

121 birds from the New Hebrides, including the types c
twelve new species. Presented by Captain A. M. Fai^quliar, R.N

87 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpc
K.C.B.

13G0 birds from Southern China. Presented by C. B
Kickett, Esq.

307 birds collected by the late J. S. Jameson, Esq., u
Mashona Land and the Upper Congo. Presented by Mru
Jameson.

18 birds from Hainan, including three types of species new t
the Musouni, collected by the late John Whitehead. Preaente
by J. T. Thomasson, Esq.

222 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by Genen
]\lanning.

149 birds from Sarawak, collected by Dr. Charles Hose.

7 types of new species from Equatorial Africa. Presented '
F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

95 birds from the Zambesi River. Presented by lk>i
Alexander, Esq.

213 bu'ds and 40 nests and eggs from Sarawak. Present
by Dr. Charles Hose.

23 specimens of rare species of IHi-ds of Paradise and oth
valuable birds from British New Guinea. Presented by Sir H.
Le Hunte, K.C.M.G.

Birds. 285

215 birds and 14 eggs from Australia. Presented by Donald
Mdntosh, Esq.

82 birds from the Zeraf River. Presented by Surgeon-
Captain H. N. Dunn.

35 birds from North Queensland. Presented by Herbert C.
Robinson, Esq.

568 eggs of North American birds. Received in exchange
from the Princeton University Museum, N. J.

12 birds, including six species new to the Museum, collected
b^ Heinrich Kuhn.

190 birds from Yun-nan and South Western China, including
the types of three new species. Presented by Captain A. W. S.
Wingate.

417 birds from Southern Abyssinia, including the types of
sixteen new species and examples of ten other species new to the
Moaemn. Presented by H. Weld-Blundell, Esq., and Lord
hmi,

64 birds from Shen-si, North China. Collected by Father
Hugh.

243 birds from South Arabia. Collected during the Percival-
IMson expedition.

22 birds from the Egyptian Sudan. Presented by Captain
Stanley S. Flower.

200 birds from Ecuador and Peru. Collected by Perry O.
Simons, Esq.

1364 birds from South China. Presented by C. B. Rickett,

H

307 birds from Moshona Land and the Aruwhimi River,
Upper Congo, collected by the late J. S. Jameson, Esq. Presented
by Mrs. Jameson.

53 birds from Northern New Guinea, collected by J. M.
DniDas.

144 birds and eggs from the island of Hainan. Collected by
tke late John Whitehead.

85 birds from Mount Kenya, collected during the Mackinder
c^fedition to British Ea.st Africa, including the types of four new

A collection of mummified birds from Egypt. Presented by
the Committee of the Egyptian Exploration Fund.

41 birds from British New Guinea, collected by A. S. Meek.

45 birds from Morotai Island, collected by A. H. Everett,
Bsq.

286 Zoology.

102 birds from Mashona Land, collected by Mr.
Clarke.

32 birds from the French Congo, collected by G. L
Esq.

33 birds and 37 eggs from the Rio Ruo, Zambesia ; (
by A. Blayney Percival, Esq.

45 birds from the island of Obi Major in the Bd
collected by Mr. W. Lucas.

1 1 birds from the island of Bum, collected by A. H.

190L

Specimens presented, 17,595; purchased, 1165; rec
exchange, 298. Total, 19,358.

Some of the most important accessions were the folio

52 birds from Somali Land. Presented by H. H. the <
of Banxla.

15,150 eggs, bequeathed by the late Philip Crowley, '.

150 birds, 660 eggs, and 20 nests of birds, from
South China. Presented by C. B. Rickett, Esq.

122 birds and 64 eggs, collected during the Souiht
expedition to the Antarctic seas by Nikolai Hanson. I
by Sir George Newnes, Bart.

33 birds from the Persian Gulf. Presented by C. 1
Esq.

970 birds from the interior of British East Africa. I
by Lord Delamere.

100 birds from Equatorial Africa. Presented by
Donaldson Smith.

59 birds from the Lawas River, N.W. Borneo, coll
the late J. S. Jameson. Presented by Mrs. Jameson.

100 birds from Somali Land. Presented by Dr. D
Smith.

226 birds, nests, and eggs from Victoria. Presente
Government of Victoria.

47 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by General 1

41 birds from Somali Land. Presented by Coloi
Harrison.

107 birds from Queensland. Presented by Herbert i
son, Esq.

103 birds from San Paulo, Brazil, collected by Mr. A
Presented by Sir William Ingram, Bart.

Birds. 287

54 birds from the Shan States, Burma. Presented by Colonel
0. Rippon.

81 birds from Deelfontein^ Cape Colony, collected by E.
Seimand. Presented by Colonel A. T. Sloggett, C.M.G.

4 types of new species from Equatorial Africa. Presented by
P.J.Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

179 birds from British East Africa, including 4 types of new
qieeies and 6 other species new to the Museum. Presented by
Sr Harry Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B.

67 birds from New Zealand and the adjacent islands, including
the type of a new Cormorant. Presented by the Earl of Ranfurly ,
Govemor of New Zealand.

294 birds and 76 eggs from the White Nile. Presented by
R.McD. Hawker, Esq.

37 birds from the Egyptian Sudan. Presented by H. F.
Witherby, Esq.

52 birds from North China. Presented by C. W. Campbell,

&,.

66 birds from the Egyptian Sudan, including 3 species new
to the Museum. Presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild
ind A. F. R. Wollaston, Esq.

89 birds from the Camaroons, W. Africa, including 6 species
new to the Museum and the types of 5 new species. Collected
by G.L Bates, Esq.

48 birds from Batchian Island, Moluccas, collected by Mr.
Heinrich Ktihn.

211 birds from Ecuador and Peru, collected by Perry O.

47 birds and 78 nests and eggs from S.E. New Guinea,
collected by Mr. Weiske, containing 23 species new to the
Museom, with types of 9 new species.

529 specimens of Paridse, being the collection of Tits formed
by Professor M. Menzbier.

41 birds from the Solomon Islands, collected by A. S. Meek.

1902.

Specimens presented, 4812; purchased, 3356; received in
ezduuige, 460. Total, 8628.

The most important accessions were : —

2220 eggs of Palaearctic and Nearctic birds. Presented by
W. Radcliffe Saunders, Esq.

288 Zoology.

17 types of new species from Ruwenzori and Tore. Presoited
by F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G. •

617 birds from Western Yun-nan. Presented by ColondG.
Rippon.

58 birds from New Zealand and the adjacent islands. Pre-
sented by the Earl of Ranfurly.

212 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by Sir Alfred
Sharpe, K.C.B.

485 birds and 138 eggs from Foh-kien, South China. Pre-
sented by C. B. Rickett, E8<|.

385 birds from Somali Land and Southern Abyssinia, in-
cluding the types of three new species. Presented by Sir Alfred

E. Pease, Bart.

402 birds from the Upper Nile. Presented by R. McD.
Hawker, Esq.

68 birds from S.E. New Guinea. Presented by H.E. dipt.

F. R. Barton, Uovernor of British New Guinea.

2300 biids from Peru and Bolivia, collected by the Ute Mr.
Perry O. Simons.

231 birds from the Camaroons, collected by G. L. Bttw,
Esq.

1 60 birds from the frontier of Yemen, S. Arabia, collected by

G. W. Bury, Esq.

32 birds of prey from Western Australia. Presented by tihe
West Australian Museum, Perth.

407 eggs of North American birds. Received in exchange
from the Princeton University Museum, N.J.

31 birds from the Aruwhimi River, Upper Congo, collectec
by Capt. Guy Burrows.

71 birds from Ecuador and Colombia, collected by Mesin
Miketta and Flemming.

48 birds from the Egyptian Sudan. Presented by R. McB
Hawker, Esq.

48 birds from Mashona Land. Presented by J. Ffollio
Darling, Escj.

1 6 birds from Bosnia. Presented by Dr. Othmar Reiser.

20 birds from the Liu Kiu Islands. Presented by the Hor
N. Charles Rothschild.

20 birds from Shensi Province, N. China, collected by Fathc
Hugh.

43 birds from Surinam. Presented by F. P. and A. I
Penard, Esqrs.

Birds. 289

15 Pheasants from Burma, including the type of Oenneeus
mM. Presented by Capt. W. G. Nisbett.

59 bnrds from the Egyptian Sudan. Presented by Surgeon-
Q^ E N. Dunn.

91 Inrds from Cyprus, collected by Mr. C. Glazner.

60 birds from the Caucasus, collected by Mr. Schiiltze.

1903.

Specimens presented, 5583 ; purchased, 3693. Total, 9576.

The most important accessions were as follows : —

973 birds, skeletons, eggs, and nests from Deelfontein, Cape
Oolony. Presented by Colonel A. P. Sloggett, C.M.G.

360 birds from the islands of the South Atlantic and Pacific
OeeiM, collected by Mr. M. J. Nicoll during the voyage of the
MJ3. ValhaUa. Presented by the Earl of Crawford, KT., F.R.S.

351 eggs from various localities. Presented by W. Radclifife
Sunders, Esq.

75 birds, 16 eggs, and 3 nests from the Sudan. Presented by
Sorgeon-Capt. H. N. Dunn.

351 eggs from North Queensland. Presented by W. Radcliffe
8iimden,£sq.

457 birds from Namaqua Land, collected by Mr. H. C. B.
Gnnt Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq.

64 birds and eggs from Uganda. Presented by Dr. Cuthbert
Ckriity.

260 birds and nests from British East Africa. Presented by
A.Bl»yney Perceval, Esq.

31 birds from the Sudan. Presented by R. McD.
Hawker, Esq.

582 birds from Western Yunnan. Presented by Colonel
Geoige Rippon,

72 birds from Sierra Leone. Presented by Robin
Kemp, Esq.

34 birds from Central Asia. Presented by Capt. H. H. P.

22 birds from Fernando Po, including 15 species new to the
*UectioiL Presented by Lieut. Boyd Alexander.

286 birds from North Nyasa Land. Presented by Sir Alfred
ftirpe, C.B., K.C.M.G.

61 birds, 40 eggs, and 5 nests from Southern Persia.
Sweated by H. F. Witherby, Esq.

▼OL a u

290 Zoology.

96 birds from New Zealand and the adjacent iaUiidi
Presented by the Earl of Ranfurly.

989 birds from Foh-Eien, South China. Presented Iq
O. B. Rickett, Esq.

114 birds from Buenos Aires. Presented by Enetf
Gibson, Esq.

46 eggs and 2 nests from the Azores, collected by W. K
Ogilvie-Grant, Esq. Presented by the Hon. Walter RothsdiU
Ph.D., M.P.

80 birds from British New Guinea. Presented b^
H.E. Capt. F. R. Barton, Governor of British New Guinea.

116 birds from Upper Burma. Presented by Capt. A Hem

443 birds and 192 skeletons from Matogrosso, collected b)
Mr. A. Robert. Presented by Mrs. Percy Sladen.

245 birds from South Arabia, collected by Mr. G. W. Buy.

466 birds from Abyssinia, collected by Mr. E. D^gen.

420 birds from Patagonia, collected by Mr. J. Koslowsky.

275 birds from Pemambuoo, etc., collected by Mr. A. Robert

254 birds from Paraguay, collected by Mr. W. T. Foster.

25 birds from the Persian Gulf. Presented by W. D
Gumming, Esq.

56 from Batchian and the Obi Islands, Moluccas, collected b}
Mr. J. Waterstradt.

29 birds from Cyprus, collected by Mr. A. Glasner.

102 birds from Cyprus, collected by Miss Dorothei
M. A. Bate.

302 birds from the Camaroons, West Africa, collected bn
G. L. Bates, Esq.

130 eggs of birds from North Cachar, collected by K^
Stuart Baker, Esq., and Dr. Coltart.

420 birds and eggs from the Southern Shan States, odlactei
by H. N. Thompson, and W. H. Craddock, Esqrs.

1904.

Specimens presented, 14,880 ; purchased, 3005 ; received i
exchange, 18. Total, 17,903.

The following are of especial interest and value : —

9948 eggs and 165 nests of Paleearctic birds. Presented b,
W. Radcliffe Saunders, Esq.

34 birds and 51 eggs from Darjiling. Presented by B. ^
Osmaston, Esq.

Birds. 291

333 birds from the Chindwin River in Upper Burma.
ften&ted bj Captain A. Mears.

498 birds from the interior of the Malay Peninsula, collected
lij Mr. H. C. Robinson. Presented by the Royal Society and
the UmTBTsities of Edinburgh and LiverpooL

154 <^ggB from the province of Foh-Hen in Southern China,
hoented by C. B. Rickett, Esq.

59 birds from Victoria. Presented by the Government of
Fietoris.

45 birds from Entebbe, Uganda. Presented by J. F.
Oumingbame, Esq.

60 birds from the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, with types
o( three new species. P^resented by K G. B. Meade-Waldo, Esq.

43 birds from the Egyptian Sudan. Presented by the Hon.
K. Chirles Rothschild.

316 birds from the Azores, collected by W. R. Ogilvie-Grant,
6q. Piresented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Ph.D., M.P.

402 birds and skeletons, nests and eggs, from Fernando Po,
eoDeeted by Mr. E. Seimund. Presented by Mrs. Percy Sladen,
E.G. the Duke of Bedford, KG., and the Hon. Walter Roth-
idrild, PhD., M.P.

65 birds from the Yaal River, collected by R. B. Woos-
ium,Eflq.

630 birds from the Baro River, collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro.
Pireaeiited by W. N. Macmillan, Esq.

442 skins and skeletons of birds from Uganda, collected
duing the Anglo-German Boundary Commission. Presented by
Goknel C. Delm6-Radcliffe.

11 types of species from British East Africa and the Ruwenzori
Mountains. Presented by F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

41 birds from British East Africa. Presented by Surgeon-
Gi{)t R. E. Drake-Brockman.

592 birds from British East Africa and Uganda, collected by
F.J.Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

102 birds from British East Africa and from Florida,
ftesented by C. B. Storey, Esq.

483 birds from the West Indies and Venezuela, collected by
I)r. R. Bowdler Sharpe. Presented by Sir Frederic Johnstone,
Bart., and Laura, Countess of Wilton.

87 eggs from Scotland, St. Kilda, etc. Presented by J. Steel
Biiot,E8q.
427 birds and eggs from Bechuana Land and the Orange

u 2

292 Zoology.

River Colony, collected by R. B. Woosnam, Esq., a
Dent, Esq.

44 birds from China. Presented by Charles Nix, ]

11 birds from New Zealand, the Kermadecs a
islands in the New Zealand Seas. Presented by th
Ranfurly.

472 birds from the Azores, West Indian Islands an
collected by Mr. M. J. NicoU during the voyage of t
Valhalla. Presented by the Earl of Crawford, BLT., B

28 birds from Alaska. Presented by Capt. C. E. ]

122 eggs of Costa-Rican birds, collected by ])
Underwood.

745 nests and eggs from Paraguay, collected b]
Foster.

472 birds from Sierra Leone, collected by Robin K

83 birds from Batchian and the S.W. lalan
Moluccas, collected by Mr. Heinrich Kuhn.

116 birds from S. New Guinea and the Solomo
collected by Mr. A. S. Meek.

61 birds from the islands of Mindanao and Waigioi
by Mr. John Waterstradt.

627 birds from the Camaroons, collected by G. L. ]

1905.

322 birds from Japan, collected by Mr. M. P.
Presented by H.G. the Duke of Bedford, K.G.

4 types of species from Equatorial Africa, viz. Ap
zorif Sylviella toruensis, Megahias seguatoriaUs, Bi
Presented by F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G.

46 birds from the West Indies. Presented
Bannerman, Esq.

162 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented by 5
Sharpe, K.C.B.

265 birds from the Camaroons, W. Africa, co
G. L. Bates, Esq. Purchased.

Includes the types of Smithomis camerunensiSy Ohloro

52 birds from N.W. Australia. Presented by D
Woodward, Director of the West Australian Mosei
W.A. Several species new to the collection.

18 Pheasants from Upper Burma. Received in
from the Bombay Natural History Society.

Birds. 293

49 birds from Colorado. Received in exchange from
W. Cn»B, Esq.

43 birds from the Azores. Presented by Major Chaves,
Director of the Ponta Delgada Museum, Azores.

745 birds from Argentina, Matto Grosso, Bolivia, etc.
ftom Dr. P. L. Sclater's collection.

498 birds from the Mountains of the Malay Peninsula,
dlected by Mr. H. C. Robinson and Mr. Annandale. Presented
hj tlie Royal Society and the Universities of Edinburgh and
livopooL

41 birds from the Kermadec Islands, the Snares and
Mioquarie Islands. Presented by the Earl of Ranfurly.

45 birds from Equatorial Africa. Presented by J. J.
Harrison, Esq.

30 birds from Chile. Purchased of D. S. Bullock, Esq.

98 ^[gs of Australian birds. Presented by A. J. North, Esq.

22 birds from Egypt. Presented by L. Loat, Esq.

60 British birds. Presented by W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq.
1297 birds from Egypt and other countries bordering the

Mediterranean, as well as Central America and the West Indies.
Bequeathed by the late Edward Cavendish-Taylor.

61 birds from the Camaroons. Collected by G. L. Bates, Esq.
22 birds and 1 nest from California, collected by J. W.

Maillard. Presented by Miss Nixon.

14 birds from the TransvaaL Presented by Sir A. E. Pease,
Bart

277 birds from the Kauri Kachin district, Upper Burma,
ftesented by Colonel G. Rippon.

72 birds from Karakol, Tian Shan Mts., collected by A. A.
Kntzenko. Presented by A. B. Bayley Worthington, Esq.

47 nests and eggs of Costa Rican birds, collected by Mr. C. J.
Fnderwood.

1162 birds from Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills, Burma, including
11 types of the new species. Presented by Col. Rippon.

427 eggs of birds from Equatorial Africa. Purchased.

208 birds from the Chindwin Valley, Upper Burma. Pre-
sented by Capt. A. Mears.

88 birds from the Syrian Desert, containing the type of
Aikcnai dtriniveniris. Collected by Douglas Carruthers, Esq.

906 birds and 745 eggs from Paraguay, collected by
William Foster, Esq.

63 birds from Jamaica. Presented by D. A. Bannerman, Esq.

294 Zoology,

954 mounted birds. Presented by Lord Tweedmoutk

232 birds from Benguela, coUected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.

236 birds from Mindanao, coUected by Walter Goodfellow.

450 birds from Somali Land, collected by G. W. Bury.

3 nestling G^ese and a nestling Swan. Presented by F. £.
Blaauw, Esq.

450 birds from the Canary Islands and other localities.
Presented by E. G. B. Meade-Waldo, Esq.

1000 birds from Southern China. Presented by C. B.
Rickett, Esq.

430 birds from the Baro and Sobat Rivers and the White
Nile, collected by Mr. Zaphiro. Presented by W. N. MacmillaD,
Esq.

200 birds from the Upper Chindwin River, Burma. Yxt-
sented by Capt. A. Mears.

374 birds from S.W. Australia, collected hj G. C. Shortridge.
Presented by W. E. Balston, Esq.

396 birds and eggs from Persia, collected by R. B. Wooraain.
Presented by Colonel R. C. Bailward.

328 birds from Sikhim and Tibet. Presented by, Ci^t H. J.
Walton. [1905. 12. 31, 1-328.]

248 birds and eggs from the Antarctic, Auckland Ishmdiy
Macquarie Island and S. Trinidad Island. Collected by the diq^
Discovery during the National Antarctic Expedition.

32 birds, collected by the relief ship Morning during the
National Antarctic Expedition.

1952 birds from Cape Colony, Z\ilu Land and E. TransvasI,
collected by H. C. B. Grant. Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq.

iuiABRiGAL List of thb pbincipal Donors, Collectors and
Aflms, from whom thb Specimens of Birds in the
Bbitibh Museum have been received.

Uward YIL (Hit Majesty, King).

A raedmen of Reeve's Pheasant from Norfolk. Presented. [90. 3.
Mil]

Two specimens of the Little Auk (AUe aUe) picked up dead at
findringjuun. Presented. [95.6.12,1,2.]

Ihidie {Oapi. G. Fanshawe), CM.G.
81 bixds from Upper Nigeria. Presented. [1900.8.4,1-31.]
Oipt Abadie was a son of General Abadie^ himself a keen student of
IStkal Historj. His official duties prevented Gapt. Abadie from making
kqji coUectionB, but this small series from the I^igerian Sudan was of
ttmet interest, especially the eggs of the Ostrich (Struthio eamelus),
Si fliriy death in Upper Nigeria in 1901 can never be too much

UnliunB (J.)-

2 Weaver-findies (Munia ferruginecu
[1904.6.9,1-2.]

Adimi (Dr. A. LeithV

var.), cage birds. Presented.

{Dr. A. Leith).

38 \Mb from " N.R Africa " (♦.«. Egypt and Nubia). [64. 3. 30, 1-33.]

An active collector in the middle of the nineteenth century, and a

put friend of the late Sir William Jardine, to whom his early collections

vwBiokt He was a good observer, as is shown by his papers on the

Ml of Kashmir and Ladak (P.Z.S., 1859, pp. 169-190, with a coloured

6 of McniifringiUa adanm)^ and eepeciidfy by his short essay on the
noticed by him in Egypt and Nubia (" Ibis," 1864, pp. 233-243).

Adeane (Harrt R. A.).

A specimen of Coccyzus americanusy shot on Ck)lon8ay Island, Argyll-
Aiw. Presented. [1904. U. 28, 1.]

Admiralty, The Lords of the.

Bj the Admiralty have been presented the collections made by
vuioQS exploring expeditions fitted out by Great Britain. In recent
TtNi the co-operation of the Royal Society has been sought, and many
ooQeetioos have been presented through the latter medium. The results
of the earlier Antarctic Expeditions seem to have reached the Museum

ai the Admiralty, and the various collections are noticed under their
headings.
[^Antarctic Expedition; Voyages of H.M.SS. Alert and Discovery,
(mlatger, Erebus and Terror, Flying FisJi, Herald, Penguin, Plumper,
^Batae9nake,'\

Al{{han Delimitation Commission.
Sm ArrcmBOH.

296 Zoology,

t

AitchiBon {Dr. J. E. T.).

230 birds. Presented. [86. 9. 16, 1-230.]

This collection, formed in 1884-85 by Dr. Aitchiflom, the natonliit

appointed to the Delimitation Commission, was fully described by me k

1889 (Trans. Linn. Soc, new series. Zoology, toL v., part 3» pp. 6(M)0;

Is. vi., vii.), with notes on the habits and distribution of the birdi liHf

)r. Aitchison. Two new species, Oecinus gorHf Hargitt, and Fum

yateif Sharpe, were described and figured, as was also a beaatifdl Der

Pheasant (Phasianus principdlist Sdater).

Alert, H.M.S.

One of the exploring ships on Sir Oeorgo Nares' arctic loyip
(1875-1876).

See Feilden, H. W.

Alexander {Lieut, Boyd), Bifle Brigade.

17 8i)ecimens from the Cape Verde Islands. [97. 7. 30, 1-17.1
05 specimens from Zambcsia. [1900. 5. 26, 1-95.]
22 specimens from Fernando Po. [1903. 2. 14, 1-22.]
One of the most energetic and capable trayeller-naturalistB of the
present day. His first expedition was to the Cape Verde Archipdigo^
where he discovered some new species (sec "Ibis," 1898, pp. 74-114,
277-85). He presented seventeen specimens to the Museum, adding to
our collection two species, Spizocorys raza and Fuffinus edvnnd,
[97. 7. 30. 1-17.] He next made a large collection of birds on the
Zambesi ; this was described by him in the " Ibis " for 1900 (pp. 71-10%
424-458, pi. i.). On this occasion he presented 95 specimens to the
Museum. Passing through the Ashanti campaign, he did not neglect hii
scientific pursuits when the fighting was over, and he made oonudenble
collections of birds in the forests and in the hinterland of the Gold GoeiL
1100 skins of birds were obtained on this trip, and 4^e coUectioii w
described by him in the "Ibis" for 1902 (pp. 278-333, 335-377, pk
vii.-ix.) ; and he has presented to the Museum 95 specimens from thii
expedition. Obtaining leave from the War Office, he next visited the
Island of Fernando Po, and having organised a supply of native canien
from the Grold Coast, he cut his way through the virgin forests of the
island, and attained an altitude of 10,800 feet The result of this plucky
achievement was the discovery of no less than 39 species of Hx^
Lieut. Alexander has presented to the Museum 22 specimens from bis bit
cxpolitioD, adding thereby 17 species which were not before represeoted
in the National Collection.

Alexander {Sir J. E.).

22 birds from Damara Land. Presented. [38. 4. 16, 1, 89-110.]
Captain (afterwards Sir) James Edward Alexander was one of the eady
pioneers of travel iu Damara Land, and his journey is described in hii
little work, "An Expedition of Discovery into the interior of Africa'
(2 vols. 8vo., 1838). For this expedition he was knighted (Diet. Nat
Biogr. Suppl. vol. 1. p. 31). The new species of birds were named b]
Mr. G. R. Watcrhouse, and consisted of a new Rock Thrush {FetrocmA
hrevipes), a new Francolin {Fraiicolinw adspenus\ and a new fonn o
Flycatcher {Lanioturdus tarqtuUus), The register is marked by Dr. J
£. Gray as " Purchased at Stevens's Sale Kooms chiefly finom Oaptaii
Alexander's collection." The above-mentioned types do not seem to naT
been acquired, and doubtless went into the Zoological Society's Museum.

Birds. 297

I (A.).

doable collections of birds in the N.W. Provinces of India.
>tih, the collections were purchased by Mr. Henry Seebohm,
iged away a good many specimens, but a fair number were
ihe Seebohm Bequest.

I (Dr. John).

Is collected during the Expedition through Burma towards
1867, 1875-6. [1876. 4. 7, 1-200.]

)l]ections were described by Dr. Anderson in his large work
entitled " Anatomical and Zoological Researches, comprising
of the Zoological Results of the two Expeditions to Western
1868 and 1875." The first set of specimens went to the
ueom, of which he was then Director, and the second set of
«ed into the hands of the British Museum, which had up to
o extensive series from Burma : 13 species were new to the
nd there were three co-types of new species described by

tt (C. J.). [1827-1867.]

Iabtlett, a, D. ; Sharpe, R. Bowdleb ; Stevens, S.

naturalist, bom in Wermeland in 1827. Joined Galton*8
to Damara Land in 1850. His collections were sent to
artlett, afterwards Superintendent of the Zoolof^ical Gardens,
time a dealer in natural history objects. Many of the birds
this first expedition were dispersed before any catalogue of
ade, and a portion of this collection was purchased by Mr.
k, the well-known dealer of Amsterdam; but about 100
Based into the hands of Mr. H. E. Strickland, and are now in
ge Museum.

i. Sclater, who commenced his zoological career imder the
ckland, joined the latter in a description of this remnant of
first consignment. A memoir, which was entitled a *' List
ion of Biras procured by C. J. Andersson in the Damara
th notes," was published in Jardine's "Contributions to
•• for 1852, and the following new s|)ecies were described : —
s damarenns (=C, rufigena. Smith), cf. Hartert, Cat. xvii.
iyBiira aUncauda ( = Lanioturdus torqu<Uus\ cf, Sharpe, Cat.
Knneoctonus anderssoni { = L. coUusio) Grant, Nov. Zool. ix.,
ihropygia gaJtoni ( = Saxicola familiaris, Steph.), cf, Sharpe,
». 176; DryTTUBca flavida (= Euprinodes Jlavidus) cf. Sharpe,
. 224; SpheruBCKUs pycnopygius (= Chmtops pycnopygius), cf.
dL iv. p. 5 ; Spreo hispecmaris ( = Lamprocotius bispecularis),
Dat. xiii. p. 181; Alauda erythrochlamys { = Ammomanes
»y«), ef. Sharpe, Cat. xiii. p. 648 ; Alauda spleniata (=Teph-
4aia),<f. Sharpe, Cat. xiii. p. 563 ; Alauda nxvia (^Mirafra
Sharpe, t,c. p. G17 ; Nectar inia anderssoni ( = Cinnyris
ef. SheUey, Monosn*. Nect. p. 39 ; Halcyon daniarensis (= H.
inL)^ cf. Sharpe, Cat. xvii. p. 239 ; Campothera caprtcomi ;
iamarensis ( = Odhodromus asiaticus), cf. Sharpe, Cat. xxiv,
xuirius paUidus ( = J£gialitis pallida), cf. Sharp^, t.c. p. 284 ;
Imnarum ( — Sterna hdlxnarum\ cf, Saunders, Cat. xxv.

n made several expeditions to Damara Land, discovered
^ Rivery and penetrated to Lake N'gami and the Cunene

298 Zoology.

River, making large oollections of birds. He also obtained a oon*
siderable number of spedmeDs during his viaits to Gape Town and ii
the Knysna district. These oollections were sent to Mr. Stereni^ tfii
celebrated London agent, and after hia retirement to Mr. Hi^iu ii
Bloomsbury Street. The late Mr. John Henry Gumevy who wasadoR
friend of Andersson's for many years, editing and publialiing the pair*
humous " Birds of Damara Land " from the MSS. left by tM traTulcr,
secured the majority of the Birds of Prey from the latter'i collBctiflniiDr
the Norwich Museum. The Wading-birds were in the same maatK
purchased by Mr. J, Edmund Harting, who was working out tfii
LimicolsB, and possessed a fine collection of these birda, which vm
afterwards acq^uired by the late Mr. Henry Seebolun. AndenHO^
specimens of XAmicolm have, therefore, passed by the bequest of tluit
gentleman into the British Museum.

A few specimens were purchased from Andersson's agents for tbe
Museum, and by myself before I entered the service of the Tnutoei
The latter are duly recorded in the "Catalogue** of African PaKemin
my collection (1871), and are now in the Museum. Before Mr. HiggiM
retired from business, to bcttle in Tasmania, he came across a considenUe
collection of birds, from Andersson's later travels, stowed away in a
box. These I purchased and presented to the Museum, which oov
possesses a fairly complete series representing Andersson's inde&tig^
labours. In his later years he became a trader, and settled at Otjiml)UM]iK^
bemg ultimately wounded in a fight between the Namaqnas and Jkiomu,
having espoused the cause of the latter, with whom he lived. Hia kaee
was shattered by a bullet, and he was crippled ever afterwarda» finally
succumbing from the effects of this wound and the terrible privatioii8i»
had undergone during his expeditions through the deserts of South Wot
Africa. I have named some species of bir<k after him, ainoe hia dflat)^
but he is best known to ornithologists by the wonderful Bird of Vny
called Andersson's Pern, Machmrhamphtis anderssoni (GumeyX a vi^'
flying bat-eating Hawk, the representative in Africa of a genus hSan
supposed to be confined to the Indian region and the Papuan aub-regjkOD.

Andrews (C. W.), D,Sc., Assistant in the Department ofOedogn,
British Museum.

Dr. Andrews was sent by Sir John Murray, with the permiasum of tht
Trustees, to study the natural history of Christmas Island in the Indian
Ocean. The results of his stay there and a full account of the cdllectioM
made by him have been published by the Trustees in the " Monograph d
Christmas Island."

[See MuBBAT, Sir John.] [1898. 9. 16, 1-88 ; 1898. 9. 27, 1-18;
1899. 5. 1, 6-11.]

During his geological explorations in Egypt Dr. Andrews has found
time to collect a few birds, sending 20 specimens from Helouan in 1902.
[1902. 10. 9, 1-20.]

Andrews (H. D.).

26 birds from Argentina. Presented. [1901. 2. 10, 1-26].

Annandale (Nelsox) and Robinson (H. C).
See EoBiNSON, p. 154.

AnseU (H. F.).

106 birds from Gaboon. [73. 9. 10, 1-8; 73. 12. 26, 1-11; 74. 2. 16
1-28 ; 74. 2. 17, 1-11 ; 74. 2. 20, 1-24 ; 74. 9. 11, 1-13 ; 74. 10. 1, 2-12.;

Birds. 299

lb, Axiiell WIS a i)er80iial friend of my own, whom I requested to send
usjwgmmxsiB of birds he might be able to procure. He was a merchant
M the Bifer Danger or Ogowl, in Gbboon, and was first introduced to me
\f Ifr. J. J. MonteiTO. m the years 1873-1874 the Museum received
HMD mall consignments from him, comprising 106 specimens. He
■miTffil to obtain several rare species, one being a remarkable Lark-
iMiba Cuckoo (C0fi<ro]nM ansdli^ Sharpe), and an interesting Bush-Shrike
{Ptj/mBOfUB luhderi^ Keichenow), which had been procured about the
MM time by Dr. Liihder in the Camaroons, and described by Dr.
liiBhfnnw a few weeks before my description of Dryoscapus n^/iceps, of
vUdi the type was sent by Mr. Ansell, appeared.

Amorge (Dr. W. J.).

26 specimens from Uganda. Purchased. [96. 7. 14, 1-26.]
282 specimens from Benguela. Purchased. [1905. 11. 22, 1-232.]
Dr. ijDsorge is an excelknt naturalist, and his collections from Equa-
torid Africa uid Angola are in the Hon. Walter Rothschild's Museum at
fnaf. He has sent some large collections from Benguela to the British
IwQiD. (See hii book " Under the African Sun," 1899.)

iBitqr {Lieui.).

S3 birds fixmi KingwiUiamstown, S. E. Africa. Presented. [77. 8. 1,
148]

Vm was the only collection received from this gallant young officer,
ibo us associated with Major Trevelyan in his efforts to procure specimens
tfMtuil history for the British Museum. A year after the receipt of the
fkm collection, Lieut. Anstey was killed at the battle of Isandhlwana.

iBluetic ExpeditioiL

See AomsALTT (Lords of the) ; Rotal Society.
The firrt collections were received through the Council of the Koyal

MQBtf.

78 specimens from Kerguelen Land. Presented by the Lords of the
iteilty. [41. 4, 74a-791.]

119 mdmens from the Antarctic Ocean, New Zealand, Auckland
Muk, Tsnnania, Campbell Island, St. Paul's Rocks, etc. [42. 12. 16,
1-119.] Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Seyeral *' duplicates "
vm ** returned," presumably to Dr. McCormick.

22i specimens frx>m the Falkland Islands, Antarctic pack-ice. New
Und, etc. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. [44. 1. 18,
l-aS; 44. 3. 20, 1-6.]

No detailed memoir of the birds procured during the Antarctic
opedition of the Erdnu and Terror was published at the time of
iti ntom, but many species were mentioned in the early Museum
Gitilogiiea. Sir Joseph Hooker was naturalist to the expedition, and the
<loctm on board the two ships were also good collectors and observers,
viL, Dr. MoCormick, Dr. Robertson, and Dr. Lyall. Dr. McCormick'n
nodlent notes appeared in Gk)uld's " Birds of Australia " and *' Hand-
book*; and shortly before his death, which only took place a few years
9^ the old veteran, who had accompanied Ross on both his Polar
voyages, wrote his memoirs.*

The ••Zoology of the Voyage of the Erebus and Terror'* gives
n aooount of the birds of New Zealand. It was published in 1844 and

* ** Voyages of DisooYery in the Arotio and Antarctic Seas." 2 vols.
9tq. 1884.

300 Zoology.

1845. Tliirty-five coloured plates accompanied the memoir, h
of them are not referred to in the letterpress. These plates seei
to have been drawn by D. W. Mitchell, who was about that date
with G. R. Gray in illustrating the " Genera of Birds.** Some £n
Wolf. When the "Appendbt** was published in 1875 I re-w
list of the " Birds of New Zealand** and brought the subject up
and was also able to issue some fine plates of Antarctic species.
Dr. J. E. Gray had apparently intended to publish, and tl
remained in his room for many years, until Mr. E. W. Janson boi
stock and published the " Appendix.**

Antarctic Expedition, British.

See Newnes, Sib George.

Antarctic Expedition Committee of the Boyal
graphical Society and the Royal Society.

27 birds and eggs from S. Trinidad Island, including the
^stralata tuUsoni, collected by Dr. E. A. Wilson, of ue L
[1905. 12. 30, 130-156.]

78 birds from Macquarie Island, Auckland Islands and 1
Ocean. [1905. 12. 30, 157-234.]

124 birds and eggs, including; those of the Emperor Pensi
Victoria Land and other parts of the Antarctic continent, coUi
Dr. E. A. Wilson. [1905. 12. 30, 235-368, 393-412.]

33 birds from the Antarctic Seas and Victoria Land, ooU
Dr. G. A. Davidson on the relief ship Morning.

Anthony (A. W.).

61 specimens of birds and eggs, mostly from the Reyillagigedc
Presented. [97. 11. 10, 1-61.]

This young American naturalist has done very important woi
the birds of the Pacific cotist of North America, and especially in (
and the islands which lie to the south of tlus portion of the oonti

Aplin (Oliver V.).

218 birds and eggs from Uruguay. Purchased. [97. 12. 2,
This collection is described by Mr. Aplin in his paper on tl

of Uruguay" in the "Ibis" for 1894 (pp. 149-216, pi. v., ^jgs),

the excellence of the author's field-notes on the species obeervec

the collection was of considerable value.

38 specimens

from North America.

Purchased.

[43. 7. 5

16 „

»

Italy

»>

[43. 12.

24 „

»

Mexico

»

[43. 12. :
Type of

36 „

»>

Mexico

»

[44. 4. :

2 „

99

Shetland Isles

99

[44.4.

14 „

»

Cape Colony

9>

[44. 10. 11

15 „

>»

Bo^otd

»

[46.2.:

11 „

*»

Africa

99

'45. 3. !

19 „

jy

Natal

99

45. 6. !

20 „

99

Australia

99

[45. 11.
'46. 11.

30 „

|>

Braza

99

7 „

»>

Mexico

99

[46. 1.

Birds. 301

3 specimens

fruuj

Europe Purchased.

[46. 5. 29, 1-3.1

8 «

n

Australia

it

[46. 6. 5, 1-8.'
[47. 2. 26, 1-20.'

» «

n

Mexico

99

M „

99

Mexico

99

[47. 3. 10, 1-14.'

ss »

99

India

*9

[48. 3. 3, 1-22.'
[45. 6. 3, 1-24.'

24 «

99

N. W. America

99

24 „

99

India

99

[49. 1. 15, 1-24.'

63 ,,

99

West Africa

99

[50. 11. 18, 1-53.'

11 »

99

IVinidad

99

[52. 2. 3, l-li;

The type of Olobicera rvhricera (Gray).

[52. 5. 14, i:

14 specimens

from South Ainerica

99

[52. 11. 27, 1-14.'

12 n

99

South America

99

[54. 2. 2, 1-12.'
'54. 4. 6, 1-57.'

57 „

99

Bogota

99

KoBt of these specimens, from the vagueness of their locality, have
tan pueed into the duplicates and given away to other museums, only
tkie of historical interest being retained.

Aigent was a dealer in natural history objects, but was unknown to
Mpenonally. His place of business was in Bishopsgate Street, so Mr.
Gonrd, sen., tells me, and he was a great collector of tortoises and
npdki, many of which were bought by Dr. J. E. Gray.

Hie registers enumerate 500 specimens of birds as purchased from
iigmt, bat the localities were not very precise, though they were cod-
■wed good enough for the days in which he flourished. I'hus we read
tf "North America'* in the first purchase made in July 1843, and he
entmued to supply specimens imtil April 1854, when the registers know
UiDame for the last time. In 1845 the first examples (15) from Bogut^
nieoorded, and in 1854 the Museimi bought 57 specimens from the
■Be dace. These were the commencement of that endless stream of
Bopti birds, now to be reckoned by millions, which have steadily come to
Inope as articles of trade down to the present day. These skins are
inpired by Indians in a somewhat rough manner, and are easily recog-
UM hj their " make." The locality is worthless, as the hunters in the
pnie&t day have to go some considerable distance into the different
viIkjB to obtain a supply of skins for millinery purposes, so that Bogota
ii synonymous for a very large area.

The first paper on the birds of Bogotd was published by Dr. Sclaterlin
tlie* Proceedings " of the Zoological Society for 1855, and the collections
in tbe Museum formed the foundation of the paper which he wrote at
this time (p. 132).

Aqyil {mo. ihe late Duke of), K,G.

7 wfeammB from Sicily. Presented. [97. 10. 30, 1-7.]
This is apparently the only donation which the late Duke of Argyll
nude to the collection of Birds ; but he was an accomplished ornithologist.
Bid, IflLe the present Duke, an occasional visitor to the Bird room.

Aijyn {KG. the Duke of), K,T.
3 Ganneta from Argyllshire. [98. 4. 12, 1-3.]

Axmitage (ICn).

24 birds from British Guiana, Presented. [1904. 9. 9, 1-24.]

Amot (Obpl. G. H.).
28 specimens from Demerara. Presented. [1900. 8. 31, 1-28.]

302 Zoology.

Arrigoni degli Odd! (Gouni E.).

100 specimens of Italian Birds. Presented. [99. 8. 12, 1-lOa]
Count Arrigoni degli Oddi is one of the most serious studntirf
Palasarctic omitholo$[y of the present day, and his great work, ''Atinli
Oroitologico ; Uccelli Europei con notizie dindole geuerale et psrtioolinb'
published in 1902 (pp. 166, xxvi., 568, tav. I.-L.), is a monniMBld
volume which deals with the omitholc^ of the Western Falnictfa
Eegion in a wonderfully complete manner, at once Bcientific and popahb

Asliinore (G. P.).

21 birds from High Peru. Presented. [99. 10. 3, 1-21.]

Aubinn (St. Thomas David). [

A native collector on the Gold Coast, who obtained many rare spedn
for Governor Ussher, and also sent collections to the MuaeunL 1

Austen (E. E.).

See Cambridge (F. 0. Pickabd). <

20 birds from the River Amazon. [96. 5. 12, 1-20.]
Mr. Austen, who is in charge of the section of **Diptera" in tki ]
Zoological Department, has made expeditions to the River Amazon and to
Sierra Leone, by the permission of the lYnstees. On the former occanonbi
and his companion Mr. Pickard Cambridge obtained a small series of UrdL

Australian Museum (Sydney, N.S.W., Frofe99or Robbb
Ethebidoe, Director),
30 birds from various parts of Australia. Presented.

[77. 11. 16, 140.]
107 birds from Australia. In exchange. [83. 12. 18, 1-107.1
This last collection formed part of the mounted series in the Au-

tralian Court at the International Fisheries Exhibition.

38 birds from N.E. Queensland. Presented. [90. 9. 19, 1-38.1
Several species were new to the Museum, CoUyrioeinda wwtit

Eopsdltria chrysorthoa, Heteromyica einerei/rons, etc.

A3rres (Thomas).

33 birds from Natal. [59. 5. 16, 1-33.]

Many birds from Mr. Ayres' first collection came to the Britiik
Museum ; the eggs, obtained at the same time, passed into the baadirf
Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and are also in the Museum.

The Acdpitres obtained by Mr. Ayres were retained by Mr. JobA
Henry Gumey, who was then forming the famous series for wUdi
tlie Norwich Museum is so celebrated. Mr. Gumey presented mtoj
specimens to the Museum at King's Lynn, for which town he was thtfi
M.P., and described the whole collection in the ''Ibis" for 1859,
together with notes made on the birds sent to Europe by Dr. GueiiUKiiii>
Many of these latter had been purchased by the Museum tiirongh
Mr. Samuel Stevens. Between 1859 and 1873 Mr. Gumey published no
less than eleven lists of the birds sent by Mr. Ayres* from Katal. When
the latter moved into the Transvaal, he settled at Potchefstroom and
continued his collecting, the i>apers being written by himself, with

♦ C/. Avres. Ibis, 1869, pp. 286-303; 1871, pp. 147-157, 253-270, pL 9;
1873. pp. 280-287; 1874, pp. 101-107, pi. 3; 1876, pp. 422-433; 1877,
pp. 339-354; 1878, pp. 281-301, 406-411 ; 1879, pp. 285-300, 889^-405; 1880,
pp. 99-112, 257-273.

Birds. 303

lal notes by Mr. Qomey. Thirteen in all were published by Mr.
TBi^ who m 1881 accompanied the late Mr. J. S. Jameson on his
K^tkn to Mashonaland, and wrote the field-notes on the birds
iiiiied in this country, at that time an untrodden ground for the
tanlitt. Mr. Ayres' notes on the habits of South African birds are
Bsof the moat interesting contributions ever made by an ornithologist,
d IS in estimate of his integrity as a man, it is only necessary to state
It he was allowed to remain in peace at Potchefstroom through both
B Boer wars. Of. Gumey, "Ibis," 1859, pp. 234-252, pi. 7; 1860,
I 208-221; 1861, pp. 128-136 ; 1862, pp. 25-39, pi. 3, 149-158, pis.
5; 1863, pp. 320-330, pis. 8, 9; 1864, pp. 346-361; 1865, pp. 263-
6; 1868, pp. 40-62, pL 2, 460-471, pi. 10; 1873, pp. 254-259.
Minj oir Mr. Ayres' specimens have reached the Museum through the
ijaintion of Capt. Shelley's and my own collections of African birds,
id they are remarkable for their fine preservation. After the death of
LOarney, his son John Henry Gumey divided the remaining series
foflithed to him by his father between the British Museum and his old
ind, Oinon Tristram.

See Gurnet, J. H. ; Jameson, J. S.

im (T. L.).

8qo of the foregoing, and an excellent collector. Many of his
in tie '"• ■ - - - -

were in the Shelley and Seebohm Collections, and for some
M he occupied himself in procuring a series of birds, in moult, for my
pidil study ; these I gave to the Museum.

poong^ (Cfapt. B. F.), H.M.S. Bing-dave.
4ipecimens from Campbell Island, etc., including the typo of Ocydromus
«!, Gfant, Bull B.O.C., xy., p. 78 (1905).

aber (Bev. H. H.).
144 epedmens from Madras. Plresented. [43. 10. 25, 1-144.]

1 haye neyer been able to discoyer whether Mr. Baber was a missionary
an army chaplain. His skins were of the usual Madras or ** Coorg "
^ with a paper band round their bodies. The collection must have
n of great senrioe to the Museum in 1843, as at that time we possessed
ittly any specimens of Indian birds.

liUe (Dr.).

23 medmens from Nigeria. Presented. [62.6.30,12-34.]
iy. Mr. Oldfield Thomas*s Report on Mammalian Collections.

lil^y {OoL ihe Han, J. H. R.).

2 specimens of the Common Magpie from Brecon. Presented.
04. 6. 8, 2-3.]

dlward (W. A.).

31 specimens from Taviuni Island, Fiji Archipelago. Presented.

L 7. 9, 1-16; 86.7.10, 1-15.]

Kr. Bailward, on two occasions, presented small collections of birds

nthe island of Taviuni, and among them were specimens of Chryscenas

(or, Lamproiia vidorimy and its nest and etigs.

iQwurd {Cdonel R. C).

396 faiids from Persia. Presented. [1905. 12. 27, 1-396.]

304 Zoology.

Colonel Bailward served in the Royal ArtiUery from 1874 to 1906L
He visited Persia in 1886, and again in 1889. Id 19(H he madi
another expedition into Persia, taking with him Mr. R. B. Woosnam, iHi»
made an excellent collection of hirds, which Colonel Bailward has prescoted
to the Museum.

Baker (E. C. Stuart).

22 specimens of eggs from Cachar. Presented. [1902. 8. 23, 1-2SL1
87 specimens of eggs from Cachar. Purchased. [1902. 11. 6, l-A;
1902. 11. 21, 1-8.]

Mr. Stuart Baker is one of the best-known Indian omithologiiti d
the present day, and has contributed some important articles on the Uidi
of Assam and Cachar to the " Journal " of the Bombay i^atund Hiitoiy
Society and to the " Ibis.** Nearly all the specimens received from hki
were eggs previously unrepresented in the Museum collection.

Baker (Joseph).

114 specimens of young British birds. [39. 8. 3, 1-114.]

73 birds from Cambridgeshire. [40. 6. 23, 6-22 ; 40. 6. 24, 48-^;
41. 6, 1672-1696 ; 44. 1. 1, 2-3 ; 44. 1. 2, 1-6.]

292 birds from England. [49. 12. 24, 2-174; 60. 2. 19, l-«;
50. 8. 13, 1-57; 50. 8. 21, 1-13 ; 50. 11. 5, 8-61.]

66 nests of British birds with eggs. [61. 2. 11, 1-28; 51. lL2fi^
1-38.]

15 birds from England. [54. 1. 31, 1-15.]

Joseph Baker was bom at Melbourne, Cambridgeshire, and worked for
some time for Mr. Gould. Under the direction of the latter the M%
Giraffe which adorned the Mammal Gallery in the old British Mumub
was mounted by Joseph Baker, and Mr. Edward Garrard, seOn Int %
hand in completing the work, which was considered a big undertikiBg
in those days. After leaving Mr. Gould, Baker had his workshopi in
Cardington Street, where my friends the Gerrards, father and son (to
whom 1 am indebted for much information about the naturalista of the
middle of the last century), used to visit him.

Towards the end of tlie forties a determined effort was made by Dr.
John Edward Gray to improve the exhibition series of British birdf in the
public galleries at Bloomsbury, and the task of procuring the specimeoi
was given to Joseph Baker, who collected most of them near lui
home at Melbourne, where he spent his holidays. The birds were irell
mounted by him, but in the conventional attitudes of the period, and nxNfc
of them have been transferred to other Museums, or replaced by men
naturally stuffed examples. For many years Baker was employed by
Mr. George Robert Gray in mounting birds for the galleries, aiui it at
that time it was considered to be the rvh of a Museum to moont
everything^ without consideration as to its value, the exhibition seriei wai
alone thought of, and priceless specimens were recklessly mounted, with
the result that types and other valuable specimens were exposed to the
light and dust of the public galleries, where they were very soon blssched
out of all recognition.

When I was appointed in 1872, one of my first cares was to unmount
and remove from tlie galleries all specimens of historical value. In msDj
instances this inter]X)6ition came too late, and irretrievable damage had
been done. It will hardly be credited that I have found as many as eleyen
specimens of an Eagle, nil in the same plumage, and all from the mm$
place, mounted in a row on stands, and in one instance the bird had loit

Birds. 305

imb had been replaced by a wire prop. In other iDBtances
been removed and stack on again with glue. Such were
the Museum taxidermy fifty years ago.

Samubl).

fl from Egypt and the White Nile. Presented. [74. 6. 5,

Batlet).

18 from Sokotra. Presented by the British Association.

f Balfour, under the auspices of the British Association,
c expedition to the island of Sokotra, and obtained a very
8 of birds, as the island had not before been visited by a
of. Balfour's work was largely botanical, and his bird-
bained diuring his journeys in search of plants. The
oUection was described by Dr. Sc&ter and Dr. Hartlaub
'^ 1881, pp. 165-175, pis. xv.-xvii.), and seven new species
the types of which are in the Museum, viz., Cisticda
ica htetUfUa^ Lanius uncinaius, Cinnyris hcU/auri, Passer
\^osiruthus socatranuSf Amydrus /rater.
tea passed into Gapt Shelley's collection, and have come
into the hands of the Trustees, so that the entire series
»f. Balfour is now in the National Collection.
imsa Association; Ooilvie-Gbant, W. K.; Forbes,
>.

.E.).

. S.E. AustraUa. Presented. [1905. 9. 22, 1-5.]

rom S.W. Australia, collected by G. C. Shortridge. Pre-

12. 26, 1-374.]

n (D. H.).

n the West Indies. Presented. [1905. 1. 1 1, 1-46.]

n Jamaica. Presented. [1905. 10. 14, 1 65.]

)•

n Guayaquil. Presented. [41. 2. 4, 441-513, 516.]
was botanical collector on board H.M.S. S^dphur. [See
otany, p. 132.]

;. Cecil) and Ogilvie-Grant (W. R.).
ns of birds, nests and eggs from Madeira, the Desertas,
blvage Islands. Presented. [95. 7. 1, 1-247.]
•Ibis,''1896, pp. 41-55.

OAELES A.).

I N. Australia. Purchased. [1900. 7. 3, 1-48.]

»m British New Guinea and N. Australia. Purchased

13; 1900.8.16,1-14.]

U. H. E.).

8 from Aden. Presented. [92. 10. 20. 1-10.]
98 was a good soldier, who rose from the ranks. He served
and wrote some papers for Mr. Allan Hume^s journal.
By** tiie principal ones being " Notes on the nidification of

X

306 Zoology.

certain species in the neighbourhood of Chaman, S. Afghanistan** ^Str.F^
ix., pp. 212-220), and " A list of Birds observed in the neighboonioodtf
Chaman ** (^.c, pp. 449-460). He got together a fine collection of Lidini
birds* eggs. On being transferred to Aden, he was much interested in the
ornithology of that Peninsula, and wrote a noteworthy paper on the renlti
of his studies in that inhospitable spot ("Ibis,** 1893, pp. 57-81^
165-181}.

He also published a series of articles on the birds of the Bombay Pre-
sidency in the '* Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society," iDoi-
trated by himself [Cf. " Ibis,** 1896, p. 162].

Baroda.

See H.H. the Gaekwar of Baroda.
Baron (O. T.).

A Gkrman naturalist, who collected in OaliforDia, and made expe£-
tions to Ecuador and Peru. He mounted all his Humming-bndt in tbe
field, and a beautiful set of these birds was presented to the Muemnlf
the Hon. Walter Rothschild. A series from his Peruvian oolketioiu m
acquired by Dr. F. D. Godman aud presented by him to the MnMon.
Other collections were sent to the Hon. Walter Rothschild. A p^« vu
publishcKl on these collections by Mr.Osbert Salvin (Nor. ZooL, iL,pp.l-2SX
and 16 new species were described. Mr. Baron himself contributed nw
notes on the localities visited by him in Northern Pern to Mr. Botlt-
schild's *' Novitates** (vol. iv., pp. 1-10), and some other new species htvB
been described by Mr. Hellmayr (Nov. Zool., xii., p. 503, 1905).

Baroody (S.).

18 specimens from Mount Lebanon. Purchased. [94. 5. 6, 1-1&1
72 specimens from Mount Lebanon. Presented. [94. 5. 7, 1-72.J
An interesting, but somewhat ill-prepared, scries from the numnisni

of Lebanon.

Barratt (F. A.).

119 birds from the Eastern Transvaal. Presented. [75. 9. 30, 1-7;
75. 10. 1, 1-112.]

61 birds from the Eastern Transvaal. Purchased. [75. 10. 7, 3-63.]
This collection contaiDed the types of two new species (firodinititru
harratti and Andropadus (potius Bleda) flavoatrtatus. Mr. fiuntt
was an old schoolfellow of mine, and we met after many yean en ^
return from South Africa. I described the new species in the ** Ibis* for
1876 (pp. 52-54), and Mr. Barratt himself described his collection in the
same volume (pp. 191-214), where Bradypterus barratH was figond
(pi. iv.).

Barrett-Hamilton {Captain Or. E. H.).

192 specimens from Bering Island and the North- Western Fttdfic
Presented. [95. 7. 4, 1-192.]

44 specimens from Bering Island, etc. Presented. [98. 3.i25, 1-3; 98.
11. 11, 1-41.]

21 specimens from Kamtschatka. Presented. [1900. L 6, l-lv»
1902. 5. 1, 1-11.]

20 specimens from the Orange River Colony. Presented. P^Ol*
9. 20, 1-20.]

900 specimens from the Orange River Colony, S.W. Transvaal, Griqn*-
land West, and Cape Colony. Presented. [1905. 12. 28, 1-900.]

Capt. Barrett-Hamilton's early studies were devoted to the Faons sod

Birds. 307

Flon of LrelAiidy and he has also paid much attention to Mammalia
oipeoiUy those of the Western Palffiarctic region. He is particularly
inlmrted in the Pinnipedia, on which he has written chapters in the
"istuetic Manual,** and in the British Museum "Report" on the
Mkm Orou collections. He is also a student of the phenomena of
flrionr and sexual dimorphism in the Yertehrata.

la 1896-97 he was selected by the Foreign Office and the Colonial Office
tOKrre on the International Bering-Sea Seal Commission, and obtained
MDe interesting specimens of birds. In April, 1901, he accompanied
b Rgiment, the 5th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles, to South Africa, and
nmained there till the dose of the war. Being in charge of some of the
Uod-honaes, he utilised his leisure time in coUecting specimens of
Mtanl history, and presented to the Museum a fine series of birds.

Bartleti (Abraham Dbb).
S^KCimens of young G^se. Purchased. [43. 12. 30, 1-8.]
64 eggs of North American birds. Purchased. [51. 6. 12, 1-64.]
29 specimens of birds firom Damara Land collected by C. J. Andersson.
PiB^iied. [52.5.1,15-43.]
To this collection reference has already been made (vide supra),
lb, Bartlett, before he became Superintendent of the Zoological
8m^8 Gardens, had a natural history agency in Little Russell Street,
Blooniibary. My old friend Mr. Edward G^erntrd remembers it well, but
the house has long ago been pulled down. Mr. Bartlett was an able
Inidennist, of the school of John Hancock, and presented a few examples
of ]itt art to the British Museum, but they do not seem to have been
tqgiitered. He was wont to mount some of the rare animals which died in
Ae Zoological Gkudens, such as the AUwnu^ which are still exhibited in
AegdlerieSy and an Eagle Owl {Bvbo hubo) ; these have been the subject
of TBaoy pictures in popular works on natural history.

He belonged to a little coterie of hard-working field-naturalists, of
^m Pnmk Buckland and Henry Lee were the leading spirits (cf.
'Bh.' 1897, p. 499).

Btfttett (Edwabd).

259 specimens from Upper Amazonia. Purchased. [66. 5. 8, 1-66 ;
». 6. 6, 1-16; 69. 4. 10, 1-10; 69. 6. 25, 1-146; 70. 6. 4, 1-2L]

7 specimens from Egypt and South America. Purchased. [72. 12.

at 1-7.]

10 specimens from Mexico coUected by Mr. Dorman. Purchased.
717.1,1-10.]

Bdflst son of Mr. A. D. Bartlett. Principally known for his natural
liitoiy explorations on the Upper Amazon, where he experienced con-
idnble haidships, but discovered many interesting birds. His collections
r«re described by Dr. Sdater and Mr. Salvin [P.Z.S., 1866, pp. 175-201,
Lxviii.], and the first set purchased by the Museum in 1869. He had
tVTxnuly accompanied Gaiion Tristram on an expedition to Syria and
^ikstine. He was for some years curator of the Maidstone Museum, and
i^erwards of the Sarawi^ Museum at Kuching. He has written the life
This father (vide supra),

bartlett (CfoL H. W.).
12 birds from Sierra Leone. Presented. [1905. 4. 5, 1-12.]

barton (KE. Capi, F. B.), Oavemor of British New Ouinea.

68 specimens from the interior of British New Guinea. Presented.
1902.7.20,1-68.]

X 2

308 Zoology.

22 birds from British New Guinea. [1905. 7. 25, 1-22.]
Capt. Barton, who is the Gbvemor of British New Ghiinei, bu
interested himself in the natoral history of the colony, and pnuDted
to the Museum a valnable collection of birds, indudlng the pecofiv
Torrent-duck {Salvadorina waigiuensis) and the rare Pamiia Mawi,
a Bird of Paradise not previously represented in the collection.

Bates (G. L.).

32 birds from French Congo. 1900. 2. 24, 1-32.]
31 „ „ the Como River, Gaboon. [1901.4.24,1-31.]
12 „ „ „ Benito River. [1901.7.6,1-12.]
908 „ „ „ Camaroons. [1901. 10. 29, 1-46; 1902. 6. lfi»
1-30; 1902. 7. 15, 1-100; 1902. 12.5,1-101; 1903.2. 16,1-25; 1901
7. 16, 1-100; 1903. 10. 23, 1-177; 1904. 7. 18, 1-180; 1905. L 24.
1-265 ; 1905. 7. 30, 1-61.]

The importance of the collections made by Mr. Bates cannot be ofe^
estimated. The first series of birds from the Como lUver in Gabooa VM
interesting enough, but the very complete collections which he hai wt
to the Museum from the Benito River, the neighbourhood of Efii]eD,ail
the River Ja, have proved of the greatest viuue to science. I enm|y
agree with my friend Mr. Oscar Neumann, who has gone over thoa
collections with me, and whose experience in AMcan smlogy is dflrirod
from personal travel in many parts of Equatorial Africa, that in GunanxBi
are represented at least three zoo-geographical areas, of which the moit
northern shows an affinity to the Avifauna of Nigeria and the Gold Onit
The mountainous central region exhibits relations to the equatorial dtfb
included in my Camaroonian sub-region, whilst the more southern diatrioti
possess a fauna almost identical with that of Gaboon and the Congo diitrid
It is in the latter province of the Camaroons that Mr. Bates has w«kfi
He has discovered several remarkable new species (firycMoreku Mi^
Accipiter batesif Mdittophagus batesi, CaUene cyomithopsU, etc), and the
interesting series of biros which he has sent to the Museum will alviyi
be a reco^ of sound work performed by this industrious nataralist

Bates (H. W.).

See Stevens, S.

The great traveller, whose " Naturalist on the River Amason * Itff
become an English classic. His collections from Ega and the Bio JaYvn
(a river which had never been previously exploreid) were described by
Dr. Sclater (P.Z.S., 1857, pp. 261-268). Eubuoco auranHicoUU ««
described as new.

Cf. Diet. Nat. Biogr., Suppl. i., p. 141.

Battye.

See Trevob-Battye.

Bayne (W. M.).

A specimen of Anas cristata from Argentina. Presented. [1904* 5
5, 1.]

Beavan {Capt, R. C).

An excellent naturalist, who collected in the sixties in India, and did
made good work. He was a friend of Dr. Jerdon, and also of the Maiqo"
of Tweeddalc, in whose Museum most of Beavan's coUections are to Ij^
found. A good notice of his career is given in the " IbiB " for 1870 (p. 9W'

Birds. 309

om the Ghilapagos Archipelago. Purchased. [1902. 12.

wn American explorer in the Ghdapagos and other Pacific
Miast of Western America.

. (Clauds).

m Ashanti. Presented. [1900. 9. 8, 1-26.]

.0. ihe Dtike of, KG,), President of the Zoological
f-

8 of the Tpecaha Rail (Aramides ypecahd). Presented.

wan {Cygnus olor) from Wobum Abbey. Presented.

eggfi and nests, from Fernando Po, coUected by Mr. E.

Bented. [1904.6.22,1-402.]

!rom Japan, collected by Mr. M. P. Anderson. Presented.

6; 1905.12.21,1-256.]

I of the rare Duck (Aaarcomio sctttulata). Presented.

DKNy Mrs. Percy ; Rothschild, Hon. Walter.

InUral Sir Edwabd).

ollected in various parts of the Pacific and on the coasts of

uct localities seem to have been preserved]. Presented.

12. 12. 10, 2-5; 42. 12. 21, 4-7 ; 43. 7. 22, 1-83 (type of

»); 47.3.4,92-322.]

n Mauritius. [47. 3. 2, 1-14.]

at. Bipgr. iy., p. 142.

om the Lawas River and other localities in Northern
laaed. [98.11.24,1-73.]

>.

[laturalist, who sent many eggs to Mr. Seebohm, in whoso
are recorded.

(Hans Gbaf yon).

8 from the Island of Nias, all species new to the collectiou.

shange. [93.12.11,1-3.]

ns fi^m Colombia and otber coud tries of Northern South

eived in exchange. [93. 12. 12, 1-31.]

ns from New Guinea and other localities. Received in

5. 12. 29, 1-13.]

08 from Bolivia and other States of South America. Pre-

J. 2, 1-20; 1900.2.3,5.]

m Peru and Bolivia. Purchased. [1901. 8. 2, 1-22.]

Berlepech is one of the greatest living authorities on South

ithology. He has frequently presented to the Museum

»te8 from his collection.

fQIL)

tna from Gan-su, in Western China. [89. 3. 25, 1-44.

310 Zoology.

Mr. Berczowsky took part in the Potania expedition to Gan-ni, a
is an excellent collector. No less than 17 of the species obtained in
him were new to the Museum. {Cf. Bianchi and Berezowski, Aves, Exp
Potan. Gan-su, 1884-1887 : 1891.)

Berlin Mnseum.

18 birds from Equatorial Africa. Received in exchange. [9L 6. S
1-18.]

2 Francolins (Ptemistes hoehmi) from German East Africa. [19C
3. 22, 1-2.]

Betton (C. Stbwaet).

28 birds from British East Africa. Presented. [97. 12. 9, l-li
1901. 4. 17, 1-10.]

Biddolph (OoZofieZ John).

The type-specimens of Fodoces biddulphi and Sutfa obKura, Fu
chased. [97.6.5,1-2.]

448 birds from GUgit. Purchased. [81. 4. 29, 1-8 ; 81. 12. 29, 1-14«

82. 4. 1, 1-294.]

3194 birds from Gilgit, Kashmir, Turkestan and other localitie
Presented. [81. 12. 30, 1-154; 97. 12. 10, 1-3040.]

Colonel «ibhn Biddulph served during the Indian Mutiny under La
Clyde, and was afterwards Aide-de-camp to Lord Norihbrook» vha tl
latter was Gt)yemor-General of India. He accompanied Sir JknA
Forsyth's mission to Tarkand, when the winter was passed in tin
country, Colonel Biddulph proceeding to Maralbashi^ where he disooran
a new species of Desert-Chougli (Podoces biddulphi). He also cromd tl
two Pamirs and visited Wakban. In 1877 he was posted at Gilgit, u
here he did splendid work in a practically unknown oountiy, hmg tk
the first European to penetrate to Hunza and ChitraL His Oential Aiii
collections have been described by me in the Report on the ** Sdeotif
Results of the Second Yarkand Mission." Memoirs on the birds of Gilg
wore published by Colonel Biddulph himself in the '* Ibis " for IBS
(pp. 35-102), and 1882 (pp. 266-290). He also interested himself io tl
family of Fringillidm and made a fine collection of these birds, wluc
he gave to the Museum in 1897 with the rest of his omithologio
treasures.

Bingham (Colonel C. T.).

133 birds and e<;<j;s from Tenasserim. Presented. [83. 4. 5, 1-^

83. 8. 20, 1-30 ; 83. 12. 27, 1-35 ; 84. 5. 23, 1-38.]

When stationed with his regiment in the N. W. E^rovinces of h^
this indefatigable naturalist made a fine collection of birds from the nei^
bourhood of Delhi. His specimens, collected and labelled in the mo
careful manner, formed part of the Hume Collection, and the egraof 1)UP(
from the Delhi district are described and enumerated in Hum^B'*Ne>
and Eggs of Indian Birds,** and in Oates' *' Catalogue of the Bird^ £fi
in the British Museum." Colonel Bingham's most important woi
was done when, as an officer in the Forest Department of the lodii
Empire, he was in charge of the Thoungyin Valley in Tenasserim (^
" Stray Feathers," ix., pp. 13S-198). Papers on the birds of the Utt<
province and Burma have appeared in Mr. Allan Hume's jourw
"Stray Feathers" (v., pp. 79-86; vii., pp. 25-33; viii., pp. 190-W
459-463 ; ix., pp. 471-475).

Recent contributions to our knowledge of the Avifauna of the Sbi

Birds. 311

the Upper MekoDg Valley have been published by Colonel
I the ** Journal* of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (with Mr.
mpMn) for 1900 (pp. 102-142), and in the "Ibis" for 1903
6, pla. XL and zii.).

;f. E.).

Aramides ypecdha and Ocydromus auatraHs, laid in his

Presented. [98. 3. 15, 1, 2.T
;8 of Chen rosHi^ C. hyperhorttw, Cygnus huccincUor, and
•uMdieeps. Presented. [1905. 12. 8, 1-4.]

1 {CapL T. A.).

from Japan. Presented. [83. 12. 29, 1-32 ; 84. 1. 25, 1-27.]
lald8ton*s early impers were on the birds of the Saskatche-
in western Canada (Ibis, 1861, p. 314; 1862, p. 3; 1863,
), He was a captain in the Royal Artillery, and his North
ollection appears to have been presented to the Royal Artillery
at Woolwich (ef. Whitely, " Catalogue of North American
Sggs arranged in cabinets in the Museum of the R. A. Institu-
I. In 1862 Capt. Blakiston commenced his papers on Japanese
in the "Ibis, and he became an intimate correspondent of
bert Swinhoe, who described several new and rare species.
Blakiston sunmied up the results of his labours in a little
'The Birds of Japan, Amended List" Q884), in which he
the fact that the fauna of Yezo was defined from that of Hondo
' dnnarcation at the Strait of Tsugar, the animals found to the
bis strait being Japauese, while the northern islands were
Siberian. Thus " Blakiston's Line '* has become as important
the zoo-geography of Northern Asia as " Wallace's Line " is
ent of the Avifauna of the Moluccas.

anx (F.).

mt in British Honduras, who made some valuable collections
I of that country. The results are recorded in the " Biologia
nericana," by Dr. F. D. Godman and Mr. Osbert Salvin.

I (W. T.), LL,D., F,B,8., G.LE.
s from Burma. Presented. [63. 5. 15, 1-84.]
is collected by Dr. Blanford during the AbyssiDian Expedition,
by the (lovemment of lAdia. [69. 10. 16, 1-476.] The first
the Calcutta Museum.
Is from various localities, Sikhim, Gbdavery Valley, Sind, etc.

[73. 6. 16, 1-33; 80. 8. 12, 1-3; 80. 9. 29, 1-13 ; 80. 11. 11,
. 8. 13, 1-16.]

da from Baluchistan and Persia collected by Dr. Blanford during
the Boundary Commission (vide infra). Received in exchange
Qdian Museum, Calcutta. [74. 4. 23, 1-325.]
»irdB from various ports of India. Presented. [98. 12. 12,
This was Dr. Blanford's private collection of birds formed

many years' service in India and Burma. An invaluable
ipplementing the great Hume collection.
refl-known naturalist and traveller was born in London on
1832, and was educated at private schools. He studied at the
looI of Mines in 1852, receiving an Associateship, afterwards
year at the Mining Academy at Freiburg, in ChBrmany. In
B65, he joined the Geological Survey of India in Calcutta, and

312 Zoology.

during his term of service worked in various districtf of India and Bonni^
Bengal and Orissa (185.V60), Trichinopoly, Irfadriu (Jnlv to SoptemlMr,
1859), Pegu (1860-2). Here it was that Dr. Blanlbrd first begn ti
collect birds {Cf. "Ibis," 1870, p. 462), in the Bombav PresidaHj
(1862-5), and in the Central Provinces (1865-7). In the latter put rf
1867 he was attached as Zoologist to the Abyssinian Expedition, oi
went to Magdala with the army. He afterwards made an exconioi
into Bogos Land with Mr. W. Jesse, the expedition lasting till Aognt
1868, and for more than a year he was engaged in Calcutta ain is
London in working out his collections (c/1 his ''Oeology and Zoology cf
Abyssinia," 1870).

From 1869-71 he was stationed in the Central Provinces, prindpiny
in the Godavery Valley {cf. J.A.S.Beng., xxxviii., pp. 164-91, 18WX
and in the last-named year and 1872 he was attacned to the Feno-
Baluch Boundary Commission, and travelled through Persia (c^. "Euton
Persia : An account of Journeys of the Persian Boundary ComminoBi
1870-71-72 "). This book was prepared during furlough from IWW
and published in 1876. An expedition to Sikhim with Mr. H. J. £!«•
(^.v.) was undertaken in 1872, and an account of it given In the ** Joomil
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'' (xli., pp. 41-73), when JMi-
fringiUa ruficollis and Otocorys dtoesi were described aa new speciei
He was at work in Sind and the desert country from 1874-7 (ef. Stny
Feathers, vii., pp. 99-101, 526, 527, 1878), and was on duty ti the
Survey Office in Calcutta from 1877 to 1879. After a furlough till 1881,
he visited the North- West frontier, Quetta to Dehra Ghazi Khan, in
1881-2, and retired from the Indian Service at the end of the latter W.
After his return to England his principal work was the editing of the
" Fauna of British India," of which sixteen volumes have appeared, tod
of these he himself has written the volume on Mammalia and V(da IIL
and IV. of the Birds. He was awarded one of the Royal Sockty*!
Medals in 1901.

Blewitt (F. R.).

Collected in Central India. Many birds and eggs are in the Hume
collection from Saugor and Baipur.

Blewitt (W.).

His collections of birds and eggs from the Hansi district in the PoDJib
are in the Hume collection.

Blundell (H. Weld), and Lovat (Lard).

416 birds from South Abyssinia. Presented by the aboTe-named
travellers. [1900. 1. 3, 1-416.]

16 new 8{)ecics were described by them and by Mr. OgHvie-Gftnti
who has written an account of the collection in the ''I^'* for 1900
(pp. 115-178, 304-387, pi. ii.-vi.).

Blyth (Edwabd).

6 birds from the neighbourhood of Calcutta. Presented. [44. ft. ^
1-6.]

11 birds from Tenasserim and Burma. Presented. [62. 6. 29, 1-11*1
A man of enormous knowledge, and one of the cleverest all-rooBd
naturalists of the Victorian era. His edition of Cuvier's '* R^o Animal*
is quite one of the best, as is also his edition of White's "Selbome."
He was appointed Curator of the Indian Museum in Calcutta in XMt
and worked there incessantly, without any furlouc^h, for nearly twenty-

Birds. 313

tio jtu% isiffliig the podtion of his Museum to one of the first impor-
tmat, from 1841 to 1864, his monthly reports published in the
"Jooml of the Asiatic Society of Bengal," on the accessions received

If tke Museum, were of the highest scientific quality, and often

flBBtemed monographic articles on certain groups of Mammals and Birds.

Skfftlj before retiring from the Calcutta Museum he made a brief

aeonion to Burma and Tenasseiim.
[See Hume's appreciation of his work in 'Stray Feathers,' vii.,

pk 528 (1878). Biography— 'Ibis,' 1874, p. 465; J.A.aBeng., extra

). 15iogra]
1-167; Di<

80,1875, pp. 1-167 ; Diet Nat. Biog., v., p. 276.]

Vjfh ft Co. {Messrs.).
a Inds from British New Guinea. Purchased. [98. 5. 31, 1-21.]
Some rare species were in this collection, including an example ot

MsMkma nigripectus, De Vis.

B0ite(A.)
48 birds from Ceylon. Purchased. [76. 5. 31, 1-48.]

Boea^ {Prof. Babboza du), Director of the Lisbon Museum [q^v.].

Under the direction of Prof. Barboza du Bocage, a large amount of
KMBtific exploration has been done in the Portuguese possessions in
Afiiei bj means of collectors ^Anchieta, F. Newton, etc.) Prof. Bocage
bM ilwiys been a good friend to the British Museum, to which he has
irantod many rare species of birds.

Book (Carl).

8e$ Ramsat, Colonel R. G. Wardlaw.
GoQectod in Sumatra for the late Marquess of Tweeddale. His book on
tlVHeftd-htmters of Borneo " is a well-known work.

Bohndorff (F.).
128 specimens from the Niam-Niam country. Purchased. [84. 5. 1

A most Important collection, containing five new species and others
nokpnriously in the Museum, of great value as showing the extension cf
tke porely West African Avifauna to the western watershed of the Nile.
^ew^Kciee described : Crateropua bohndorffi, Sigmodus mentalis, Pionias
^nmUf Ceuthmochares intermedius, Symium bohndorffi (cf. Sharpe,
Joom. Linn. Soc. Zool., 1884, pp. 419-441). Bohndorfif had served in the
Sodin with Gordon, and returning from Dr. Junker's expedition to the
Sttm-Niam country, was nearly cut oflf by the Hrlahdi. Ho met Ghordon
o the middle of the Korusko desert, as he was hurrying to his fate, and
^ the last European who spoke to him. See my paper (I.e.).

17 birds from the Congo River, including nine species new to the
oDectkHL Purchased. [87.8.12,1-17.]

After his return from the Sudan, Bohndorfif collected on the Congo
ttd ID East Africa. Some of his skins, subsequently obtained in the
Znttibir district, were presented to the Museum by Emin Pasha.

Bombay Natural History Society.

18 Kalij Pheasants from Upper Burma. Received in exchange.
[1906. L 26, 231-248.]

_ ^A ipedmen of Podoces pleskei from Kain, Persia. Presented.
[1906.7!2M.]

314 Zoology.

Bond (Frederic).

49 eggs of British birds. Presented. [58. 12. 3, 1-49.]

18 British birds and nests. Presented. [73. 11. 7, 1-18.]

A hybrid between Dafila acuta and Anas ftoMos. Beqnetthadl

[89. 12. 21. 1.]

A Spotted Sandpiper {Tringoides maculariw) from Einnbuiy Btm-

voir, and other rare British-killed specimens. [90. 5. 26, l-llTj Purchind

at Mr. Bond's sale at Stevens's.

3 specimens bequeathed. A hybrid between a Pochard (AgQm
ferina) and a Scaup Duck {Fuliyula tnarila), a hairy yariety oif ub
Moorhen, and the only known British specimen of the Siberian Thrab
iCichloselys sihirica) from Surrey (cf. Howard Saunders, Man. Brit Biid^
2nd ed., p. 12, 1899). [90. 5. 11, 1-3.]

One of the best known of the British school of naturalists. He bid t
wonderful collection of British birds and Lepidoptera, some of the lattai,
obtained by himself in past years, having now become extinct In 1868
he gave many valuable specimens when Mr. G. R. Gray was tiyiog to
renovate the British exhibition series, and at his death left to the Muwom
his British specimen of the Siberian Thrush and some other rare liirdL
He had an extraordinary collection of albinos, which was di^pened If
auction after his death. [C/l Harting, Zoologist, 1899, pp. 401-4%
with portrait]

Bone (H. P.).

4 eggs of the Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus {iqvatieus) from the
Bhine Provinces. Presented. [1904. 10. 12, 1-4.]

Bonhote (J. Lewts).

14 embryos of birds in alcohol. Presented. [1900. 8. 11, 1-8 ; 190L
4.1.1-6] . .

2 birds from the Bahamas, including the type of Mimus intmnt.
[99. 6. 20, 1 ; 99. 8. 9, 68.]

Mr. Bonhote is well known for his explorations in the Bihin»
Islands, of which he has given an interesting account in the " Avicoltu*!
Magazme" (viii., pp. 27&-85; (2) i., pp. 19-24, 54-62, 87-95); and the
" Ibis," 1903, pp. 273-315.

Another important paper on migration as observed at the Bthioe
lighthouses was published in the ** Auk " (vol. xx., pp. 169-179).

Boucard (Aoolphe).

35 birds from Guatemala and Senegambia. Purchased. [72. 12. I2i
1-35.]

Some very interesting Accipitrine birds fix>m GKiatemala, porchsiea
by Dr. Giinther to aid me in the preparation of VoL I. of the •'Cktslogue
of Birds." The specimens from Senegal were collected by the well-kno^
traveller-naturalist Leon Laglaize, who afterwards did splendid iroik id
New Guinea.

14 birds, chiefly from Laglaize's Senegambian expedition, with • "^
collected by Olcese in Marocco. PurchasS. [73. 4. 5, 1-10, 13-16.]

18 birds, chiefly Accipitres, from Panama. Purchased. [78. 6. Zbi
11-16; 74.5.19,58-69.]

29 specimens of Owls from different localities. Porchased. [74. i» *»
11-24; 75.1.23,1-15.]

61 birds from various localities (Madagascar, Panama, C^****

Birds. 315

tc) Purchased. [74. 10. 12, 1-13 ; 74. 11. 11, 1-7; 75. 4. 20,
6. 24, 1-8; 75. 10. 15, 1-10; 75. 11. 6, 1-13.]
is from Colorado, Central and South America. Purchased.
1-39; 76.12.15,1-11.]

Is, 20 new to the collection, from New Guinea, mostly collected
iitglaize, and Bruijn's hunters. Purchased. [76. 12. 17, 1-2 ;
47; 78. 3. 29, 1-5; 80. 6. 8, 7-12; 88. 4. 3, 1-10.]
Is from Central America; two species being new to the
Purchased. [80.12.15,1-37.]
inglB from Marocco. Purchased. [89. 1. 24, 1-40.]
rds from the Riocour collection. Purchaised. [89. 5. 30,

icard acquired this celebrated collection, which contained many
\ types, and we went in company to see it in the museum attached
;tean of the Riocour family at Yitry, near Cb&lons. All the
mounted, and among them were specimens of the Great Auk
:inct StarUng of Mauritius {Fregilupus variw). This, and all
yf Yiollot that I could identify, were added to the National

The Chftteau, which had been occupied by the Germans
war of 1870, had been but little damaged by them, and was a
ilace. The old servants were quite overcome with grief at
dismantlement of the museum, which had been valued as
possession by the old Comte de Riocour. I have never seen a
nore carefully protected from the glare of the sun, and the
were all in first-rate condition, even though some had been
)r the best part of a century. The MSS. notes by Vieillot,
Jules Verreaux and the Comte de Riocour himself were most

The transporting of the Fregxlupus to England caused me
sitity, seeing that it was infinitely more valuable than a Great
was glad when I handed it into Dr. Giinther's custody, as I
itted my hold of the case for some days and nights.
8 from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Purchased.
1-34.]
B from the Molucca Islands, Australia and South America.

[91. 2. 12, 1-75.]
I's early collections in Mexico were described by Dr. Sclater
1857, p. 226; 1858, p. 95, 294; 1859, p. 369; 1860, p. 250).
rds settled in London, and was a very successful agent, from
Museum aoquire<i some valuable collections, especially from
nerica. New Guinea, and Madagascar. He made a special
imming Birds, and published his own journal, the " Humming
rhich he wrote a monograph of the Trochili, Gradually he
ine private collection of birds, all of which he presented to the
)um, where the Boucard Collection is kept separate, and is
for reference. He also prepared a hand-list of birds, which he
s a ** Catalogus Avium."

lie presented to the Paris Museum a second large collection of
rismg many species not contained in his first donation, and he
ktiEd Curator of the Boucard Collection for his life, which
Ay was then near its close. He gave 10,000 specimens to the
lal Museum at Washington, and about 8,000 more to the
^ Lisbon and Madrid. An obituary notice of this excellent
ppears in the " Ibis" for 1905, pp. 299, 300.

7 Commissions.

Boundary Commission. See Aitchison, J. E. T.

316 Zoology.

ADglo-Grerman Boundary Commission. See DsLxi-BAixurny

Colonel.
Perso-Baluch Boundary Commission. See Blakfobd, W. T.

Boundary Commissions, North American.

106 birds from British Columbia, collected by J. Eeast Lord, Ei|.
[60. 2. 23, 1-106.] Presented by the Foreign Office.

Mr. Lord appears to have remained in British Columbia for nme
time after the Commission had finished its labours, for a fine collictki
was presented by him in 1862 and 1863 ; it consisted of more tbin40O
specimens (c/. his book, "The Naturalist in British ColumUa"), nd
others were presented by him to the Boyal Artillery Institatixm it
Woolwich (c/. Whitely's Catalogue, 1865).

300 birds and 77 ^gs from the 49th parallel. Presented by tlw
Foreign Office. [76. 4. 15, 1-300 ; 91. 2. 16, 1-77.]

The late Prof. George Dawson was the naturalist on the British itift
of the Commission, and the late Prof. Elliot Coues on the Americtn nek
See the Report by the latter (Bull U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey, toL it,
no. 3, pp. 545-662, 1878). Six species were at that time new to tb
Museum collection.

Boordillon (F.).

201 specimens from Travancore. Purchased. [80. 8. 19, 1-201.]
Mr. Bourdillon's first collection made in the then little known piofiiice
of Travancore was described by Mr. Hiune in " Stray Feathers" (fiif
pp. 33-9, 172, 524; ix., pp. 299, 300). His second collection w
purchased by the Museum, and so the whole results of his omithdogical
work have passed into the National collection.

Bourgeau (M.).

A collection of 25 eggs from North America. Presented. [60. 2. 6,
1-26.]

Bouvier (A.).

11 specimens from the Cape Verde Islands. Presented. [74. 1. V^t
1-11.]

18 specimens of Accipitres from Gaboon, Senegal, etc. Porchaflftl
[74. 1. 12, 1-18.]

34 specimens from Gaboon and Senegal. Presented. [74. 2. lit
1-34.]

158 specimens from Gaboon, the Congo, and Eessang in the Miby
Peninsula. Purchased. [75. 0. 14, 1-76 ; 78. 2. 23, 1-82.]

6 types and 22 species new to the Museum were included inthfl*
collections.

Bouvier waa naturalist to the ill-fated French expedition to Mexi»
After visiting the Cape Verde Inlands, and making good collecticHiii b^
settled down in Paris as a natural history agent, and when I first j\t^
him at his house in the Quai des Grands Augustins, in 1876, he had qio^^
a large collection of birds. The idea of founding the Zoological Sodaty ot
France arose with Bouvier, and the meetings were at fint held at bii
flat. He promoted the expeditions of Marche to Senegambia, and tboi
of the Marquis de Compile and Marche to Gaboon, from which comiU^
he received several fine specimens of Grorillas, Kooloo-Eambas, 9fi
Chimpanzees, all of which I saw mounted in his house, before they pave
into the possession of the Museum of Science and Art in Dublin.

He also received the early collections of Dr. Lucan and Louis Pet

Birds. 317

inm the Lower Conj^o ; these were described by us conjointly in the
•BalletiD de la Soci^t^ Zoologique de France," I., pp. 36-53, 300-14, IL,
47iMl, III., 73-80. Among the remarkable novelties were Scotopelia
hmffif Lophotriarchis Ittcani, Psalidoprocne petiti, etc. Most of the
1^ from these collections are in the British Museum, but my descriptions
cf A certain number of new species were taken by Bouvier to Paris
after one of his visits to London, and published in his own name, a
pneoeding I should not have resented, if the typical specimens from which
thedii^Doses were derived had been sold, according to promise, to the
BritUi Museum. This unfortunately was not the case, and the types
rf mne of them, such as Cisticola landanx^ exist somewhere to further
posla ondthologists, until their validity shall be established.

Bower (Ca^. T. H. Bowteb).
iraedmens from Queensland. Presented. [85. 11. 19, 1-4.]
1928pecim«i8 from N.W. Australia. Presented. [87. 5. 2, 1-192.]
G^it Bowyer Bower presented the collection made by his son in the
Ikbj district of Northern Australia. Dr. E. P. Ramsay, the Director of
teAostndian Museum, Sydney, published a list of the Derby collection
[ft. LimL Soc N. S. Wales (2) II., pp. 165-73.] The young naturalist,
whom I knew personally, started in hopes of achieving great ornithological
nsolti^ and took with him as assistant Mr. Walter Burton, a tirst-rate
tuddermist After a successful commencement, Mr. Bowyer Bower died
itm fiifer, and Mr. Burton had the mournful ta^ of bringing back to his
punte the body of the brave young explorer. The collection was
bevrtifally prepared, and, when presented by his father, proved a very
nfaiible Acquisition to the Museum. {Cf, Ibis, 1887, p. 479.)

Bowring {Sir J.).
31 Irirds from Egypt Presented. [41. 1. 14, 58-88.]
(y. Diet Nat. Biogr., vi., pp. 76-80.

Bradahaw {Br,).

U specimens from the neighbourhood of Upington, Orange River.
Pwented. [82, 9. 21, 1-14.]
See alio Davis and Soper.

During his furlough in England I met Dr. Bradshaw several times.
He wai then a medical officer in the Frontier Police Force, stationed at
IJpiQgton in the north of Gape Colony, and he was suffering from some
wtMn of the lower larynx. He had to rejoin in South Africa just as
^ WIS beginning to feel better, aud died, as he had himself predicted to
iBe, nry Portly after.

Not only was Dr. Bradshaw an excellent observer, but no man ever
ouide better skinB of birds. He had been through Matabeleland to the
Zimben, and had visited the Victoria Falls. On this expedition he
Ottdeafine collection of birds, which he seems to have consigned to a
UnAoL firm for disposal. Luckily the firm appealed to the Museum, and
*9 w«e able to a<>quire a series of Dr. BradshaVs specimens, and Capt.
^^>iSky bought ^e remainder, so that the early collections of this
^inUeat naturalist are now in the British Museum. Unfortunately the
^^^Qsctioii was never labelled, and was sold as from the Zambesi Biver.
^* Bradshaw, however, told me that scarcely any specimens were
oUtined on the river itself, and that his series of birds was almost with-
^ooeption from the Makalaka country.

He jffsiented some specimens to the Cape Museum, and a few from

318 Zoology.

the Orange River were given by him to the British Maeeum duriog h»
stay in England.

Brandt.

33 specimens from various parts of Bussia, Siberia, and Central Ani
Purchased. [42. 3. 14, 14-22; 42. 4. 26, 6-9; 44. 3. 14, 5-6 ; 46. i
21, 16-23; 46. 7. 22, 5-14.]

81 skeletons of birds from Chili. Purchased. [50. 11. 14, 1-38; 5t
1. 28, 1-10; 58. 11. 20, 1-33.]

Brandt was a well-known dealer in Hamburg, and (so I have beet
told) a brother of Prof. Brandt, the Director of the Imperial Itomm
in St. Petersburg. Through the latter he received for disposil muj
duplicates from the expeditions of the Russian Gk>vemment, and tfav
the Museum was able to acquire many interesting specimens. Who
collected the Chilian skeletons of birds I have not been aole to disooTer.

Branicki {CoufU).

10 specimens from Poland and 22 from Peru, including 9 species Dev
to the collection. Presented. [92. 12. 24, 1-32.]

13 specimens from Peru and Bolivia. Received in exchange. [1903L
10. 12, 1-13.] Contained several species new to the collection.

When Dr. Taczanowski was Director of the Warsaw Museum, the
two brothers, Counts Branicki, organised several expeditions to Somth
America, especially to Peru. Hence Taczanowski was able to write hit
standard work, the " Omithologie du P^rou," in furtherance of whiA he
visited England and the princiml Museums of Europe. Mr. Jelski, who
had previously collected on the Kiver Oyapock in Cayenne for the IftinD
Verreaux, and Dr. Stolzmann were the naturalists selected, uid both did
splendid work. Many of the duplicates passed into the Sdater and
Sialvin-Godman collections. Afterwards Count Branicki decided to foQad
the Museum Branicki at Warsaw, of which Dr. Stolzmann is now the
Director, and the collections made by Kalinowski in Peru and Ecoidor
have been described by Count von Berlepsch and Dr. Stolzmann (F.Z&,
1896, pp. 322-88, pis. xiii. and xiv. ; 1902, vol. u., i)p. 18-60).

Brazier (John).

25 eggs from New Britain and the Solomon Islands. Presented.
[74. 11. 18, 38-62.]

Mr. Brazier is i>rincipally known as a Concholo^t, but on hii
expeditions to the islands now known as the Bismarck Archipehflis he
was in the habit of collecting birds in spirits, which he sent to nismend
Gerard Krefft, the Director of the Sydney Museum, and the predeoewor
of Dr. E. P. Ramsay. Mr. Krefft forwarded the collections to Dr. P. h.
Sclater at the Zoological Society (cf. P.Z.S., 1865, pp. 620-22, pi. ixxv.>

Breadalbane {Marquew of).

8 specimens of Tttr(w urogaflus and other Game-birds from Eillin and
Tyndrimi, N.B. Presented. [92. 12. 18, 1-8.]

4 Ptarmigan from Blackmount, Perthshire. Presented. [1^
8. 10, 1-6.]

Bremen, Geographical Society of.

222 birds from Siberia and Central Asia. Purchased. [78. 12. 31,
20-222.]

This collection was the result of the expedition to Central Asm
promoted by the Geographical Society of Bremen.

Birds. 319

itonluts attached to the expedition were the celehrated German
the late Dr. A. E. Brehm, Count Earl von Waldburg-Zeil-
ig, and Dr. Otto Finsch. The latter well-known ornithologist
1 a memoir on the birds procured during the expedition (Yerh.
Wien, xxix., pp. 128-280).

ley (Julius).

rds from the islands of the Pacific Ocean. Presented. [70. 3.

]

encfaley accompanied Commodore Sir William Wiseman on his
the Pacific, ana has embodied the results of the expedition in
nown work, ** The Cruise of the Curofoa " (" Birds," pp. 354-94,
I. The collection presented by Mr. Brenchlcy was a truly
B one and contained many species new to the Museum, among
g the types of the following species : Jatur tUbogtUariSy Gray,
u icilomoneruis, Sharpe, Glyciphila flavotincta. Gray, Philemon
rray, Lalage hank$iana. Gray, Ptilopus solomonensisy Gray,
la hrencMeyiy Gray, Rhipidura spilodera, Gray, and Megapodius
Gray.

TapL).

J from Valparaiso. Presented. [46. 6. 12, 1-20.]

(Dr. T. M.).
! and 5 nests of North American birds. Presented. [76. 7. 1,

nted American naturalist, author of " North American Oology.**
Iso joint author, with Professors Baird and Ridgway, of the
of North American Birds" and the "Water Birds of North

(Thomas).

GumNO, H.

Is from Chili. Purchased. [43. 7. 21, 1-50; 43. 7. 22, 2-11.]
■da from Bolivia. Purchased. [46. 9. 9, 1-271.]
early yolumes of the " Proceedings " of the Zoological Society
of Mr. Bridges frequently appears. His collections were subse-
sposed of, and many of his specimens are in the Derby Museum
N)I. His first collections from Chile were described by Louis
Z.S. 1843, pp. 108-12y, but subsequent work from Panama
) subject of a paper by Dr. Sclater entitled, " List of Mammals
collected by Mr. Bridges in the vicinity of the town of David,
ince of Chiriqui, in the State of Panama" (P.Z.S., 1856, p. 138).
[r. Bridges was a C.M.Z.S., and Dr. Sclater contributes a list of
Bted by him in the Valley of San Jos^, in the State of California
167, p. 125). In the next year Mr. Bridges himself contributed
tes on Califomian Birds" (P.Z.S., 1858, p. 1).
portant collections in Chili and Bolivia do not seem to have
ibed in their entirety, though some new species were named
[Prymomis hridgesiy etc.).

William), the Gookham Naturalist.

Shabpr, K. Bowdleb.

was head-gardener to Mr. De Yitre at Formosa, near Cookham.

irst-rate observer and taxidermist, and much esteemed by Mr.

320 Zoology.

Gould, who mentions his prowess on more than one oocasion in hii
" Birds of Great Britain."

He was my guide, philosopher, and friend in my early days, and
mounted all my birds for me. We were planning excursions to diffianBt
parts of the coast, when he died suddenly of heart disease: he lis
buried in Gookham churchyard. When I was appointed to the Moaea,
one of my first acts was to present my entire collection of British Indi
in the name of my old friend, so that he should be connected with tb
national museum of his native country, of which he was certaii^ OM
of the best field ornithologists. Among this collection, mounted by Aign
are all the birds procured by me as a boy, the first specimen everihotif
me being a Wryneck. It would be difficult, under the present iltsnd
conditions of the Thames, to find now the birds which were to be nut
with in the days of Briggs and myself forty years ago.

British Association for the Advanoement of Science.

66 birds from Sokotra, collected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour (94^)
Presented. [81. 3. 21, 1-66.]

103 birds from the Tenimber Islands, collected by Dr. H. 0. FoHml
Presented. [83. 5. 30, 1-103.]

75 birds from Kilimanjaro, collected by Sir Harry Johnston, E.GJL,
O.C.M.G. Presented. [85.6.14,1-75.]

35 birds from the Camaroons, collected by Sir Harry Johartoo,
K.C.B., G.C.M.G. Presented. [87.3.7,1-35.]

The British Association, in conjunction with the Boyal Society ind
the Royal G^graphical Society, has often contributed funds for tho
support of exploration. All the expeditions mentioned above were of
the greatest service to zoological science.

Among Professor Balfomr's discoveries in Sokotra was the woDderfd
new genus of Finches (Bhynchostruthus 8ocotranu8\ and many othv
novelties described by Dr. Hartlaub and Dr. Sclater (P.Z.S., 1881, pp.
953-9, pi. Ixvii.).

Dr. Forbes' expedition to the Tenimber Islands, full of difficulty vd
danger, shared in the most heroic manner by his wife, resulted in the
discovery of 26 species new to the Museum, of which 21 were also aev
to science. [Of, Sclater, P.Z.S., 1883, pp. 48-58, pis. xi.-xiv. ; Foriw,
'* Naturalist's Wanderings in the Malay Archipelago."]

Sir Harry Johnston's exploration of Mount Kilimanjaro resulted in
the acquisition of eleven s})ecie8 new to the Museum, of which six were
previously unknown {Muscxcapa johnstoni, ProiiruxHa aaillaris, Cinnfni
mediocris, Nectarinia johnstoni, N, hiliinansis, and PinarochrfM hsf^
podia). [Cf. SheUey, P.Z.S., 1884, pp. 554-8, pi. IL ; 1885, pp. 222-%
pis. xiii. and xiv.]

The exploration of the Camaroons mountains in West Africa by the
same naturalist resulted in the discovery of four new species of birdi
(Foliopicus johnstoni f Laniarius atroJUivus, Fadlipoprocne fidigi'Mi»%
Ploceus melunoyaster), [Cf. Shelley, P.Z.S., 1887, pp. 122-6, pis. xiii.
and xiv.]

Broadbent (Kendal).
See Gerrard, £.

A well-known Australian collector, who has also visited New Gain*'
[Cy. Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. ZooL, xiii., pp. 486-505.]

He was the discoverer of Sphenura hroadbenti, one of the D><)et
iDtcresting of recent discoveries in Australia. Of this the Musenm htf
only recently acquired a specimen presented by Mr. Kobert HalL

Birds. 321

oke (Basil).

8» Gkbbabd, K ; Sharpe, R. Bowdler.
LjODDger brother of Sir Victor Brooke. Visited with his wife the
d of Mrdinia on more than one occasion, and discovered there the
I Foquine Falcon which I named Faico hrookei [Ann. and Mag.
ffirt. (4) XL, pp. 20, 222, 1873], and which is now identified with
9 jNmiciis, the Mediterranean Peregrine. An excellent paper on
\mM of Sardinia was published by him in the "Ibis" for 1873
149-66, 235-48, 335-49). He died young, during a visit to
ioo^ and his collection was dispersed. Some of the most interesting
I were purchased from Mr. Gerrard, and others were bought by
alf and jv^aented to the Museum.

lOke (JBLH*. Sir James), Bajdh of Sarawak.

.04 ipecimena from Singapore and Sarawak. Presented. [45. 10. 2,

.5; 45. 10. 2, 1-25; 50. 10. 24, 1-74.]

Siriy collections from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, presented by

bit Bajah of Sarawak.

)Oke (H.H. Sir Charles J.), Bajdi, of Sarawak.

\ specimens of Spilornis, one being the type of S. raja, Sharpe.

ented. [1905. 12. 3, 1-2.]

urn {Bev. G.).

See Gkrbabd, E.
fr. Brown was a missionary who collected in New Britain, Duke
fock Island, etc. His collections were described by Dr. Sclater.
A, 1877, pp. 96-114, pis. xiv.-xvi.; 1878, pp. 289-90, 670-673,
E; 1879, pp. 446-451, pi. xxxvii. ; 1880, pp. 65-67, pL viii.; with
teen new species.)

rhe early collections were purchased by the Marquis of Tweeddale,
after the death of the latter, the remainder were acquired by the
earn through Mr. Edward Oerrard.

nm (J. A. Habyie).
See Habyib-Bbown.

rnnlow (Eart).

i Beacock (^Pavo cristatus var. n%grip€nni8\ died in confinement.

anted. [1904.5.7,1.]

i4]n (J.).

Bee BoucABD, A.

Qflilia {Frofeswr Spibidion).

24lttrd8 from Croatia. Presented. [89. 12. 20, 1-12; 91. 6. 5

SI

not Bnisina is the historian of the birds of his native country. He

' pnaented specimens of his new Croatian Shag (Fhalacrocorax

B^MMi) to the Museum.

^OBMlfl {Baifal Museum of Natural History).

^tedi from Belgium. Presented. [73-6. 7, 1-62.]

"ken jffeparing my first volume of the " Catalogue of Birds," I made

'^ciinioQ to various foreign Museums to examine types of rare species

^t n. Y

322 Zoology.

of Accipitres, At that time the Museum was without any senei of
continental species, and my amiable and talented colleague. Dr. DaboHi
presented an interesting collection of Belgian birds, whidi I broogbt
home with me.

Bryant (Mrs.).

6G birds from the West Indian Islands. Presented. [70. 4. 12;
1-66.]

Dr. Bryant, who was a well-known American ornithologist, made col-
lections in the Bahamas, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and other West Indin
Islands, and at his death his widow distributed his collection betven
various Musemns, such as the Smithsonian Institution, the Britiik
Museum, and the private collections of Dr. Sclater, Messrs. Salrin and
Godman, etc. The specimens received by the British Museum were tlvi,
and are still at the present day, extremely valuable, and the intentioDirf
the broad-minded naturalist who gave them have b«en fully appredatei

Buck (Walter J.).

6 specimens of the Great Bustard {Otis tarda) from Andalugia. Pre-
sented. [89. 12. 16, 1-6.]

Buckley (T. E.).

20 birds from the Transvaal. Presented. [74. 4. 16, 1-13 ; 74. 6. 15^
1-7.]

Mr. Buckley accompanied Capt. Shelley on an expedition to the Gotl
Coast, and discovered a new Lark (fialandrtlla buckleyi) on thife
occasion (c/. " Ibis,*' 1872, pp. 281-93).

He afterwards yisited Matabeleland and Swaziland (ef. *' Ibis," 1874^
pp. 355-91). His Swaziland collection forms still the only foundatkm of
our knowledge of the Avifauna of this part of South Africa.

Mr. Buckley ultimately disposed of his collection to his old frivd
Captain Shelley, and with the Shelley Collection the whole of it bai
passed into the British Museum. In conjunction with Mr. Harvie-Brovn,
he wrote several valuable works on the ornithology of SooUand tod
its isles, e,g, the ' Vertebrate Fauna of Sutherland, Caithness, and Wot
Cromarty,' Edinburgh, 1887; do. Outer Hebrides, Edinburgh, 1888;
do. of Argyll and the Inner Hebrides, Edinburgh, 1892 ; do. of the Mony
Basin, Edinburgh, 1895.

Bugle (CapL).

36 birds from Demerara. Purchased. [99. 2. 7, 1-36.]

Bullen (Bev. R. Ashixgton).

2 birds from the Shire River, Zambesi. Presented. [1904. 9. 6, 1, 2.]

Buller {Sir Walter Lawry), D,Sc., KB.S.

3 specimens (Flatycerctis alpinus and Larus Mlert) new to tltf
collection. Presented. [72. 11. 22, 1, 2 ; 72. 12. 21, 1.]

1 young Megapodius pritchardiy Nuia Foou Isl., Tonga group. ^^

sented. [1904. 7. 29, IJ

5 birds from Axim, W. Africa. Presented. [1905. 1. 22, 1-6.]
Sir Walter Buller is the historian of the Avifauna of New Zealanihj

native country, and two editions of his great work have been paWithjd

by him. The collections on which his history is based are in toe

Kuthschild Museum at Tring.

Birds. 323

:d. S.).

fioai Chile. Paiduwed. [1905. 4. 12, 1-30.]

ITebster {Bev. G. R.).

len of Symium funereum from British Columbia. Presented.

.1.]

(F.).

^BITCU, H.

)idge was a botanical collector, who travelled in the East for
di. He was at the same time a good ornithological observer,
I N.W. Borneo he ascended the slopes of Mount Kina Balu,
) Lawas River, and visited the Sulu islands, where he dis-
lew Parrot (ThnygtuUhus hurhidgei). His collection was
me (PJS-S^ 1879, pp. 245-9).

T.>

is from Buxton Co., West Virginia. Presented. [190G.

«Mr(H.).

■om the Argentine Republic. Purchased. [72. 6. 31, 1-8.]
ctor of the Buenos Aires Museum and author of the " Thiero
and the "Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten, mit besonderer
uf die physische Beschaffeuheit und deu Culturzustand der
en Republik." He discovered a new species of Seriama which
oed after him Chunga burmeisteri.

Sir W.) and Pitzroy (Admiral).

imens from various parts of South America. [37. 2. 21,
'. 3. 16, 1.]

lecimens were collected by Admiral Fitzroy, a celebrated

; of his time (cf. Diet. Nat. Biogr., vii., p. 414). Sir Wm.

the King's physician, and what he had to do with the

of a collection made by the Admiral, I have never been able

[Capt. Guy).

Hens from the Aruwhimi River, Upper Congo. Purchased.

1-31.]

many other interesting; specimens, one of Dryotriorchis

West African Serpent-Eagle, is the most noteworthy.

»n acquireil by the Museum is but a small portion of that

^pt. Quy Burrows, only one box having reached England

il forwarded to Antwerp for transmission to this country.

3f the Pigmies, etc.,** London, 1898.]

HABLES).

n spirit from S. Australia. Presented. [96. 9. 16, 1-39.]
he sons of Henry Burton, a well-known taxidermist of
•eet, to whom many specimens of Osbert Salvin'a youthful
sre due. All the sons were clever taxidermists.

\r Bichabd).

from Camaroons and Fernando Po. Presented. [62. 6. 22,

,8-23; 62.11.28,1.]

Y 2

324 Zoology.

5 birds from Midian. [78. 8. 20, 1-6.]

35 birds from the Ankobra River, Wasa, Gold Coast. [82. 6. 12, 1-85

From Sir Richard BurtoD, the famous trayeller and QrientaUit, tk
Museum received its first collections from the Gamaroms, with nme B0
species {Scrinus hurtoni^ OaUene iaaJbdlm^ etc.) described by G. B. Gn
(Ami. and Mag. Nat. Hist (3; x., pp. 443-445).

In conjunction with Capt. Cameron he went to the Gold Cotit, m
the two explorers presented a small collection from the Wasa diitok
{df. " Life of Sir Richard Burton." By his wife, Isabel Burton ; 2 voii
1893.]

Burton (Walter).

Another son of Henry Burton.
See BowYER BowsR.
Bury (G. W.).

See Ogilvib-Grant, W. R. ; Gerrard, E.

166 specimens from Southern Arabia. Purchased. [1902. 12.
1-82 ; 1902. 12. 13, 1-84 ; 1903. 8. 12, 1-244.]

Mr. Bury was the Political Agent on the Acfen Hinterland frontier,!]
has for some years past been exploring parts of Southern Arabia, wfac
his knowledge of Arabic dialects has enabled him to travel as a natii
During these expeditions he has made some collections of birds, whi
have l^n described by Drs. Lorenz and Hellmayr (Denkschr. Akad.^
Ixxi., pp. 103-21, Taf. 1 ; Bull. B. 0. C, xii., p. 80 ; xiii., p. 21) lud '
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant. His most notable discoveries have been a new ipec
of Bhynchostruthus, FringiUaria tdthalM, Serinus rotfuchUdif etc. [l
Grant, Nov. ZooL, vii., pp. 243-273, 691, pi. x.]

Butcher (S.).

108 specimens of birds and eggs from the Persian Gulf. Preaenti
[94. 11. 13, 1-108.]

Butter (A. L.).

2 birds from Kordofan. Presented. [1904. 6. 12, 1-2.]
2 P^ito|)ac^u«/u8ctM young from Kordofan. Presented. [190^.7.6,1-:
Son of Colonel A. E. Butler, and, like his father, a first-rate prner
of mammals and birds. He has worked chiefly in the upper regifloi
Egypt and the Nile, and has contributed to the ''Ibis for 1895
important paper on the omitholo^ of the Eg3rptian Soudan (rf. "Hi
1905, pp. 301-401). He is now Superintendent of Game Preserriti
under the Egyptian Government.

Butter (Arthur Gardiner), Ph,D.

A Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora\ pied variety, bred in coofb
ment. [1904.2.5,1.]

2 Weaver-Finches (Quelea gudea^ Tmniopygia oasUuMiu)^ bied
confinement. Presented. [1904. 3. 1, 1 ; 1904. 5. 8, 1.]

A young Diamond Dove {Qeopdia cuneata\ died in captivity. P
sented. [1905.7.29,1.]

A white variety of the Common Bobin {Erithacus rftdecvb). ^
sented. [1905.9.21,1.]

Butter {Col E. A.).

70 birds from Mount Abu, Western India. Presented. [89. !•
1-70.]

9 birds from Suflfolk. Presented. [98. 1. 27, 1-9.]

Birds. 325

Gdonel Butler is one of the most artistic preservers of specimens that
I iiife ever known, every single skin of his collections having been
mind with the most scmpolous care. His entire Indian series, save a
m itins which he presented direct to our Museum, passed into the
kadi cf Mr. Allan Hume, and some important papers were published
CithecQikctions («* Stray Feathers," iii., pp. 437-500; ix.,pp. 367-442).

Daring the first Boer War he served with his regiment in Natal, and
wdt a collection of birds, now in the Shelley collection. Interesting
Mta OQ these birds were published in the " Zoologist " for 1882 (pp.
lOMGO).

CSoknel Butler has also published two very useful memoirs, viz.,
"Oitilogue of the Birds of Sind, Cutch, etc.," 1879 (pp. 1-83), *" Gataloj^e
of the Birds of the southern portion of the Bombay Presidency," 1880
(pp.l-114>

BfiWkofer {Dr. J.).
See FsAKK, G. A.

A Swiss naturalist, who was for some years attached to the Leyden
Ibmim as Professor Schl^;el's ornithological assistant He has travelled
oianflYely in Liberia, where, after enduring great hardships, he procured
slDsadleetion of mammals and birds from this region of West Africa.
Ana this celebrated exploration the British Museum obtained a few
dnBeates through the agency of Mr. G. A. Frank {cf, BUttikofer
'BBinMlde," 2 vols., published in 1890).

Hs also conducted an expedition into the mountains of Dutch N.W.
Bonn (qT. Notes, Leyden Museum, vii., viii., x., xi., xii.). He is now
tkiDinetor of the Zoological Gardens at Rotterdam.

Buxton {Bev. H. F.).
68 Inds from Mombasa. Presented. [82. 12. 3, 1-68.]

Caleatta Mnsenm.

See India Mussum, Calcutta ; Anderson, Dr. John ; etc.

Cimbridge (F. O. Pickabd).
See AUBTEN, £. C.
20 specimens from the River Amazon. [96. 5. 12, 1-20.]

Ouneron (E. S.).

12Kids of Prey and Ducks £rom Montana. [91. 7. 18, 1-9 ; 91. 8. 13,
1-3.]

lite series includes very interesting specimens, the various plumages
of Bsfco twainaonif etc.

CaoiAron (Oapt.).

See BuBTON, Sib Richard.

Campbell (C. W.), KB.M. Consul in Corea.
^eWrdsfipomCorea. Presented. [91. 10. 13, 1-75 ; 91. 10. 19, 1-21.]
52 Mrds from the neighbourhood of Pekio. [1901. 5. 20, 1-52.1
(Jf. Seebohm, ''Ibis,^ 1894, p. 338. Suthora langicauda, and other

*P^ described. The collection forms part of the Seebohm Bequest to

^Bdtiah Museum.

CampbeU (W. McOran.).

3 yoQi^ Iceland Falcons. Presented. [1901. 9. 4, 1 ; 1903. 4. 9,

1-2.]

326 Zoology.

Canada, Qovemment of.

27 specimeDs from Canada. [90. 3. 13, 1-27.]
These were some of the birds exhibited in the Imperial Inititote bg
the Canadian Government

Carruthers (D.).

5 birds from Canada and a Goldfinch from Malta. Fresentei [1905
9. 23, 1-5.1

88 birds from the Syrian Desert, including the type of EnMm
citriniventris, Sclater. Purchased. [1905. 10. 11, 1-88.J

Carter (Tom).

9 birds, including 4 species new to the Museum, from Western AufltnUa

Presented. [1900. 5. 3, 1-8 ; 1901. 1. 24, 1.]

630 eggs of Australian birds. Purchased. [1903. 11. 4, 1-613.]
Mr. Carter is the discoverer of several new species in Western AustnHi

(Eremiomis cctrteri, Thakusogeron oarteri, etc.).

Cassels {CapL Kennett).

A Tragopan (Ceriomis Uythi) from Manipur. Presented. [iDOt
4. 22, 1.]

Cavendish (H. S. H.).

53 specimens from Mozambique. Presented. [98. 11. 18, 1-oS.]
On tnis expedition Mr. Cavendish was accompanied by Mr. E. Dodioo

as his assistant. A new species of Weaver Finch {EvirUda oaveniult)

was discovered, and a Swallow (Psalidoprocne perdvaK) was new to the

collection; cf. Sharpe, Ibis, 1900, pp. 109-115.

Mr. Cavendish's exploration of the Lake Rudolf region is described

in the Geographical Journal, xi.. No. 4, pp. 372-396 (1898).

Cavendisli Taylor (E.).
6'ec Taylor.

Cazalet {Bev, A.).

2 Finches from Russia. Presented. [1905. 6. 23, 1-2.]

2 specimens of the Hose-coloured Pastor and Gh>uldian Fln^

Presented. [1905. 7. 7, 1-2.]

2 Weaver Finches. Presented. [1905. 9. 14, 1-2.]

Challenger^ Voyage of H.M.S.

1172 specimens of birds, skeletons and egp?. Presented by the Lordi
of the Treasury. [80. 11. 18, 1-795 ; 80. 12. 3, 1-226; 81. 4. 16,4-«i
82. 6. 23, 1 ; 84. 2. 29, 1-31 ; 90. 5. 5, 1-18 ; 90. 11. 3, 1-21 ; 98. 7. 1,

The results of this celebrated voyage have been recorded in w^
volumes of the ** Challenger Kxpedition." Vol. iL deals with tw
ornithological collections, which were placed in the hands of Dr. ScW*
for description. 31 species of birds were added to the British Muaeofli
including the types of 12 new si)ecies. ,

Cf. Tweeddate, "Rep. Sci. Results Voy. ChaUenger," ii., ZooL, Kiw
pp. 5-25, pis. i.-vi. (1880). Philippine Islands.

Sclater, torn, cit., pp. 25-34, pis. viL-xi. Admiralty Islands.

Finsch, torn, cit, pp. 34-58, pis. xii.-xvii., Tongatabu, the Kji U*"**^
Api (New Hebrides), and Tahiti.

Birds. 327

torn, dt.^ pp. 58-83, pis. xviiL-xx. Temate, Amboyna,

7 Islands and the Aru Islands.

'. AX torn, cU.f pp. 84-93, Cape York, Australia, and the

slanos (Raine, Wednesday, and Booby Islands).

%, e»t, pp. 93-99, pis. xxi. and xxii.. Sandwich Islands.

. SalTin, torn, cit.^ pp. 99-109, Antarctic America.

I. eit^ pp. 110-117, pis. zxiii. and xxiv., Atlantic Islands

d Island, and on tne miscellaneous collections obtained

'age.

. Salyin, torn. ciL, pp. 117-132, pis. xxv.-xxx., Steganopodes

collected during the Expedition.

(om. ol., pp. 1^-140. Laridm collected during the Expe-

n. cit.f pp. 140-149. Procdlariidm collected during the

Appendix.

list of birds' eggs obtained during the Challenger Expedition,

50-152.

H., " Note on the gizzard and other organs of Carpophaga

eU., pp. 152-154.

L, " Report on the anatomy of the Spheniscidm collected

•jrage of H.M.8. Challenger,^ op. cit., vii., pp. 1-244, pis.

dn (Neville).

fUB from the Bahama Islands. Presented. [96. 8. 19, 1-45.]

the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, and an enthusiastic

logy. The collection presented by Mr. Neville Chamberlain

alue to the Museum, which had but a poor collection from

ilands.

lin (Walter).

tn of Rkipidura preissi from King Greorge's Sound, W.

r to the collection. Presented. [91. 11. 9. 1.]

T Chamberliun is a younger brother of the Right Hon.

)erlain. He has collected in the Fiji Islands and Australia.

(Oapi.).

lens from Port Essington, N. Australia. [42. 1. 13, 1-120 ;

m Port Essington. At that time this collection must have
interest, but of the new species not one appears to have been
r. Gt>uld after the explorer who had taken the trouble to

(Abel).

of Symium cUuco, from Northumberland. Presented.

I.]

n of the Common Eider Buck (Somateria moUimma) from

Presented. [1905.4.13,1.]

Chapman is a very well-known field-naturalist, and is

his mscovery of the nesting of the Flamingo in Southern
» 1884, pi. i-iv., pp. 66-99). Cf. also his works, " WUd

Wild Norway.''

328 Zoology.

Charlton {Major).

27 birds from the Malay Peninsula. Presented. [46. 3. 4» 10-36.]
This collection was described by T. C. Eyton (Ann. and Ifag. liiL
Hist., xvi., pp. 227-230). The genus PhUenUma was instituted, lal
16 species were describid as new, among them Arhoricola chaiUuid^ i
fine species of Hill Partridge, since also found in N.W. Borneo.

Chaves {Major).

See PoNTA Delgada Museum (Azobes).
Cheetham (G. H.).

9 specimens from Stomoway. Presented. [1900. 1. 16, 1-9.J

Mr. Cheetham accompanied Mr. R. M. Hawker on his expeditioM to
the Sudan (c/. '• Ibis," 1902, pp. 393-470).

The two friends were in the habit of shooting together in Scotknd,
and during an excursion to the Hebrides in 1900 they sent to the Mmenm
a few birds from Stomoway.

Chevalier (C).

14 birds from Aden. Presented. [86. 11. 20, 11-19; 89. 3. 2,
175-179.]

Mr. Chevalier was for a long time the superintendent of the Etitero
Telegraph Company at Aden, and devoted much of his time to the studf
of natural history. He was one of the first EDglishmen to send home
specimens from South Arabia.

Chill (W. N.).

One of Mr. Hume's collectors in the Delhi district. He made large
collections of birds and eggs.

Cholmley (A. J.).

3 specimens from the neighbourhood of Suakin. Presented. [97. 10*
15, 1-3.1

Mr. Cholmley made an interesting collection in Suakin, and presented
to the Museum the type of Ammtdperdix chdmleyi, Grant (Hiodb.
Game-birds, vol. ii., p. 293), and an example of Saxieola xanthopn/mOt
new to the Museum. An account of his expedition has been publiBhed
by Mr. Chohnley in the " Ibis" for 1897 (pp. 196-209).

Christian (J.).

10 birds from the Pelew Islands. Purchased. [99. 5. 18, 1-10.]

Christiania Museum {Prof. Robert Collett, JXreekr).

103 birds from Norway. Presented and exchanged. [84. 11. If
1-43; 86. 3. 19, 1-9; 86. 11. 19, 8-22; 88. 12. 7, 1-17; 89. 1. 16,1-8;
92.5.6,1-11.]

33 birds from Hawaii collected by V. Knudsen. [90. 10. 3, 1-W;
95. 10. 16, 1-14.]

For many years Professor Collett has been a staunch friend of the
British Museum, and he has always procured and presented any spediDSDi
required for the work of the "Catalogue of Birds." The collection «
Euudseu's duplicates from Hawaii was a very valuable addition to oor
series, and contained eight species new to the Museum.

Christy {Dr. Cuthbert).

27 birds and eggs from Upper Nigeria. Presented. [99. a 8,1-28
99.9.7,1-4.]

Birds. 329

birdB md eggs from Uganda. Presented. [1903. 5. 11, 1-64.]
bWbi from Chagwe, W. Uganda. Presented. [1906. 1. 21, 1-75.]
Christy has found time occasionally to procure a few birds for the
B dnring his travels. He has described his collections from
lingo in the " Ibis " for 1897 (pp. 317-343).

b(C.).

See Bbtholds, H.

Chubb has been associated nvith my work in the British Museum
ptst twenty-two years, in fact ever since the Natural History
us were transferred from Bloomsbury to Kensington. By incessant
uide the Museum and by devoting all his private time to the
f birdsy he has acquired a knowledge of the class Aves which has
the greatest assistance to myself and ornithologists visiting the
1, while his knowledge of ornithological literature is probably
ed. He has been of the greatest help to me in the preparation
Kmcludiug volumes of the ** Catalogue of Birds,*' and has assisted
erially for several years in the compilation of the *' Zoological
' Mr. Chubb prepared the " List of the Birds of Uganda " for Sir
Johnston's great work on that country. He has also written a
I and Index to the contents of the eleven volumes of " Stray

MU (W. A.).

pecimens from Mozambique. Presented. [97. 2. 26, 1-31.]

) (Edwabd).

specimens from Mashonaland. Purchased. [1900. 2. 12, 1-104.]

9 {Major R. Stephenson).

irds from Bloemfontein. Presented. [1903. 3. 8, 1-11.]

le donations formed part of a very interesting collection made by

Stephenson Clarke during the last Boer war. A new Weaver

18 been named after him by Capt. Shelley, Spormginthus darkei

I.RO. C, xiv., p. 75).

i6n(M.).

noecimens from Brazil Presented. [44.3.7, 12-19; 44. 11. 7,1-222.]
Clanasen is mentioned in the History of the Collections (Greology,
as having explored in Minas Geraes. He gave the Museum
iteresting birds, which were for many years almost the only
a birds it possessed.

(H.K.).

lirds from Arizona and other parts of North America. Presented.
24,1-60.]

active American naturalist, from whom the Museum received
interesting species. Many of his skins are in the Sclater Collection.

>Id {Major R. P.).

birds from Abyssinia collected by Mr. Zaphiro. [1903. 12. 18,
5.]

m(P.).

Ndmens from Northern Iceland. Presented. [1902. 6. 13, 1-7.]
Gobom made a most successful visit to Iceland a few years ag^o.

330 Zoology.

He has described his trip in the I»ge8 of the '' Zoologist " (190U
pp. 401-419), and a note on his collection is published in the "BoMi*
of the British Ornithologists' Club (xiL, pp. 14, 15). He found the
American Wigeon {Mareca americana) breeding in Iceland, and I iln
described the Iceland Redwing, of which Mr. Gobom brought (km
specimens all precisely alike, as Turdus cobumu

Cochrane (J. H.).

A companion of Canon Tristram during the latter's visit to FalestiDBi

Cockbum (J.).

One of Mr. Hume's collectors, who did good work in Assam.
Cockbum (Mtsa).

A correspondent of Mr. Hume, to whom this lady sent naiy
interesting birds and eggs from the Nilghiri Hills.

Cockerell (J. T.).

13 birds from the Solomon Islands and New Guinea. Puxcbiiei
[84. 1. 19, 1-13.]

The Cockerells were well-known Australian collectors^ and mi^
beautiful skius of birds. The elder was a correspondent of John GknilAt
and he made a fine collection of Australian birds, the bulk of the spedmaii
being from Queensland. His collection was sent for sale to England nd
was sold by Mr. Higgins to Dr. F. D. Godraao, who presented the whok
of it to the British Museum in 1881. Many birds from the Gape Toik
Peninsula, collected by Messrs. Cockerell and Thorpe, were also sold in
this country from time to time.

J. T. Cockerell, jun., collected in the Solomon Islands, and out of the
thirteen specimens acquired in 1884, seven were new to the Nationil
Collection, including the type of Mt/iagraferrocyanea.

Cohen (J.).

See Gebrard, E.
Mr. Cohen collected in the Pelew Islands, and nearly every spedma
purchased from Mr. Gcrrard represented a species new to the Museum.

Collett {Prof. Robert).

See CuRisTiANiA Museum.

Collinson (Admiral Sir Richabd).

88 birds from the Arctic Seas.' Presented. [56. 7. 11, 1-88.]
20 eggs of birds from Cambridge Bay. Presented. [91. 3. 13, 1-20.1
This collection, made during the voyage of H.M.S. Enterprim, eoo-
tained specimens of the Arctic Peregrine {Fc£x> peaUi) and oUier intenitii^
birds. No account of it was ever prepared. Cant. Collinson, as he then
was, was also attached to the Voyage of the Sulpkur.
Cf. Diet. Nat. Biogr. xi., p. 383.

Coltart (Dr.).

7 birds from the inner hill-ranges of Assam. Purchased. [1^*
7. 24, 1-7.]

Con3rngliam {Mrs.).

56 specimens of British birds, mostly from Torquay. Freien**^
[81. 8. 5, 1-56.]

These birds were beautifully mounted, and were useful in supp*"
menting our series in the public galleries.

Birds. 331

Ctmrad {Oapt.y

See Sharps, R. Bowdleb.
Gkpt Conrad's collection from Siam and other parts of the Malay
iidupdago and the China Seas was described by Dr. Otto Finbch.
Hm collection was offered for sale, and I bought it during a visit to
Gomany and presented it to the Museum.

Comrie {Sturgeon), B.N.
27 €gg8 from Ascension Island. Presented. [82. 6. 18, 1-27.]
Dr. G^nrie was a naval surgeon who took great interest ia natura

birtory, and was the discoverer of the splendid Manucode from Huon Gulf

Duned after him Manucodia comrUi (cf. Sdatcr, P.Z.S., 1876, p. 459

pLilii).

Conway {Sir Martin).

23 birds from Lake Titicaca and other localities in the Andes. Pre-
mted. [99.10.4,1-23.]

Cookflon {Commander W. E.).

13 specimens from the Gralapagos Archipelago (Charles and Albemarle
Undfl). Presented. [76.7.21,1-13.]

Wlifl& in command of H.M.S. Petord Commander Ckx>k8on was directed
to proceed to the Galapagos by Admiral the Hon. A. A. Cochrane, and the
nnlts of his fortnight's stay in the Archipelago were published by
Dr. Qfinther in the ** Proceedings of the Zoological Society" for 1877
(pp. 64^).

Cooper {Sir Daniel).
96 birds from Australia. Presented. [56. 3. 14, 1-96.]

Coppinger {Dr. R. W.).

91 skins and skeletons of birds from the Straits of Magellan and
Weiten Patagonia, obtained during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert. Presented
liy the Lords of the Admiralty. [80. 8. 3, 1-79 ; 83. 10. 25, 1-12.]

176 specimens from various localities, Tongatabu, Torres Straits,
fflotioeo and Aldabra Islands, etc. Presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty. [81. 9. 26, 1-19 ; 82. 2. 18, 1-157.]

The first collection was described by me in 1881 (c/. P.Z.S., 1881,
pp. 6-18). The account of the other collections is embodied in the volume
OD the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, published by the Trustees of the British
MowmL A new species of Turtle Dove {Turtur coppingeri) was
diioofered l^ him in Ulorioso Island.

Dr. Coppinger was an excellent collector, and gained his first experience
^ Gok^ Feilden in the Alert during Sir GtK)rge Nares' expedition to
tltt Arctic regions in 1875-76.

Cf. Coppinger, "Cruise of the AleH,*' 1883.

Cottte (W.).

23 specimens from the island of Nevis, W. Indies. Presented.
[39. 5. 30, 1-10 ; 40. 5. 13, 1-10 ; 41. 6, 995-997.]

I have never discovered who Mr. Cottle was, but his small collection
ifcitill the only one which has reached the Museum from Nevis.

Coues {Prof. Elliot).

One of the greatest of American ornithologists and a first-rate field-
^{uralist. Mwiy specimens obtained by him are in the Henshaw
"" tion.

See aUo Boundaby Comiiissiok, North Amebioan.

332 Zoology.

Cowan {Bev, W. Deans).

See HiQGiKS, W. : Harting, J. E.
529 skins and skeletons of birds and eggs from Uie province of Betnk
in Madagascar. Purchased. [82. 2. 27, 1-140; 82. 2. 28, 1-53; 82.3.-
1-173.]

183 eggs from Madagascar. Presented. [85. 1. 25, 1-183.]
The Key. Deans Cowan was a missionary in Madagascar befixe tt
French occupation, and was a most energetic naturalist. His ezplontiai
in the Ankafana Forests were most noteworthy, and besides manyrK
species he discovered a new species of Sand-Martin which 1 named CfH
cotoani (cf. his ** Notes on the Natural History of Madagascar,* P. Fhj
Soc Edinb., vii., pp. 133-150, 1883).

Cox (Capi.).

125 birds from the vicinity of Muscat Presented. [1905. 12. 3
1-125.]

Craddock (W. H.) and Thompson (H. N.).

420 birds and eggs from the southern Shan States. Purchne
[1903. 12. 24, 1-420.]

Crawford and Balcarres {Earl of), KT.

35 specimens obtained during the cruise of the yacht Venus, Preaenb
[86. 2. 1, 1-35.]

The collection was described by Mr. Howard Saunders (P. Z. Si 18^
pp. 161-165).

732 specimens collected during the cruise of the yacht FUftofi
[1903. 12. 30, 1-260; 1904, 8. 5, 1-36; 1904. 8. 17, 1-437.]

These collections were formed for the Earl of Crawford by Mr. IL
Nicoll during the voyage of the R.Y.S. ValhaUd, and several intereiti]
species were obtained, the most notable being old and young lards
the Pitcairn Keed Warbler (AcrocephcUus vaughani^ l^iarpe) (ef. Bu
B.O.C., xi., p. ii.), and the types of Dendrceoa crawfordi and Vino Urn
(cf. Nicoll, "Ibis,'' 1904, pp. 32-67, pi. i., pp. 555-691, pL xi.).

Crawshay {Oapi. Richabd).

8 specimens from Lake Nyasa. Presented. [98. 6. 8, 1-8.]

18 specimens from British East Africa. Presented. [99. 2. 5, 1-i
1900. 9. 4, 1-10.]

Mr. Crawshay has discovered some fine new species of Mammalf
Nyasaland (see Ke()ort on Mammalia, p. 24), and is a well-known cDftoip
logist. He has also sent to the Museum some interesting birds, indodi
a new Francolin (Francolinus crawshayi, Grant).

Crewdson (Wilson).

19 specimens from California. Presented. [88. 2. 26, 1-19.]

Oripps (J. N.).

An energetic collector in Upper Assam, who sent many specimens
birds and eggs to Mr. Hume (cf. " Stray Feathers," xi., pp. 1-363).

Cross (W.).

49 birds from Colorado. Received in exchange. [1906. 1. 26, 250-2^

Birds. 333

Orowfbot (Dr.).

8 birds and 24 eggs from Norfolk Island. Presented. [85. 1. 7
1-8; 87. 7. 9, 1-24.]

Dr. &owfoot, of Becclea in Suffolk, is a first-rate oologist, and the
101 of some Yaluable species were included in the above donatioD.

Ohoiriey (Philip).

S2 eggs of British Inrds. Presented. [84.10.3,1-92.]

14,857 eggs. The Crowley Bequest [1901. 2. 25, 1-74 (Accipitres) ;
MM. 7. 6, 1-608 (Charadrii/armes, etc.) ; 1901. 8. 12, 1-73 {Herodiones) ;
mia 16, 1-408 iStriffe9, etc.) ; 1901. 10. 28, 1-71 ; 1901, 11. 1, 1-713
{BttUa, QalHfarme9); 1901. 11. 15, 1-815 (Pelecaniformes, Ansen-
fmm); 1901. 11. 20, 1-690 (Columhi/ormes, Balliformes) ; 1901. 11. 30,
1-626; 1901. 12. 5, 1-838; 1901. 12. 11, 1-260; 1901. 12. 15, 1-1000
{hmiformes, Ficarim) ; 1902. 1. 10, 1-1008 (eggs of Cuckoos with
thuB of foster-parents); 1902. 2. 5, 1-287 (Xort/ormw) ; 1902.2.15,1-10
(ikiiii of birds); 1902. 2. 20, 1-229 (Pdecaniformes, SphmUctformes) \
1902.2. 23, 1-120 {AleifarmeB)\ 1902. 2. 24, 1-1002 {RaUiformes,
hmnformes) ; 1902. 3. 1, 1-828 (Ploceidm, FringtUidm, Ihnagridm) ;
1S(BL3. 10, 1-417 (CharadHi/ormes); 1902. 3. 20, 1-1014 ; 1902. 3. 25,
1-»1; 1902. 4. 5, 1002; 1902. 4. 10, 1-1028; 1902. 4. 28, 1-87 CPaa-
miftnm).']

Tbe cdebrated Crowley Collection, bequeathed by its owner, is one
cf tin most valuable donations ever made to the Museum. It enriched
tl» agg-ooUection in an extraordinary degree, as is evidenced by the
"Catalogue of Birds* Eggs.** The series of specimens from Australia,
ibnce the Museum hiui but few examples, was extremely fine, and
Ml of the treasures was an egg of the Great Auk (Plautus tmpennis),
fcnneriy in Canon Tristram's collection, the whole of which had been
MfDhsd by Mr. Crowley, and of which the major part has now passed
■to the cabinets of the Museum. By Mr. Crowley's will the Trustees
m permitted to select four clutches of eggs from any locality not
pnmaly represented in the Museum, and any eggs of historical interest,
usdaidimtes were afterwards sold at Stevens* on April 17, May 15,
iiidJime5,1902.

One of the moet interesting features of the Crowley Bequest was the
nmukahle series of Cuckoo*s eggs with those of the foster-parents.

Ouning (Hugh).

47 eggs from North America. Presented. [41. 6. 11, 16-57.]

234 specimens from Malacca and the Philippine Islands, collected by
Ooimng himself. Purchased. [42.2.15,1-234.]

hi this collection are several specimens which became types in after
7Mn,8achas Bcusa magnirastriSf Bubo phil%ppinens%8^ LorictUus mdanO'
l"*"*!, Gniy, and L. harHavbi^ Frisch ( = i. apicoLis^ Souan^e ; cf. Salvad.
Ott.B.,xx.,p.528).

35 specimens from Chili. Purchased. [44. 1. 8, 12-18 ; 44. 10. 7,
1-28.]

Collected by ''Renous** [whoever he was!]. The collection was at
^Mcribed to Bridges.

85 birds from Honduras, collected by Dyson. (See postea^ p. 343.)
[45. 3. 15, 16-25 ; 45. 5. 3, 1-29 ; 45. 5. 21, 43-52 ; 45. 8. 5, 33-37.]

22 ipecimens from Borneo. [46. 1. 16, 8-29.]

^0 ^edmens from Jamaica, being part of P. H. Gossc's collection.

334 Zoology.

[46. 10. 26, 1-10, type of Hirundo pcecilonuh Gosse (= Petrochelida
fulva (Vieill.) ; cf. Sharpe, Cat x., p. 155).]

17 birds from Caracas, Venezuela, collected by Auguste Salle. [47
7. 16, 1-17.]

30 specimens from Nicaragua, collected by Sall^- [48. 11. 1, \-%
27-34.]

64 specimens from San Domingo, collected by SalI6. [50. 11. 1^
17-52; 51. 11.14,1-28.1

140 skins from Ceylon, collected by Thwaites. [52. 2. o, C-43;
53. 5. 3, 1-34 ; 53. 10. 29, 1-20 ; 54. 1. 13, 1-48.]

39 specimens from the Philippine Islands. [53. 5. 4, 1-19 ; 54. 5. S^
1-20.]

17 birds from California, collected by Bridges. [58. 3. 1, 1-9 ; 58.
25, 1-8.]

19 birds from the Pacific Islands and other localities. [58. 5. %
1-19.]

22 birds from New Caledonia, collected by John Macgillimj.
[59. 4. 19, 1-22.] Type of Phienorhina goliath. Gray.

Cumming (Walter D.).

634 birds, nests and eggs from Fao in the Persian Gulf. PresenteiL
[85. 3. 7, 1-189 ; 85. 7. 15, 1-9 ; 88. 12. 6, 1-95 ; 90. 11. 1, 1-216:
1903. 2. 17, 1-25.]

64 specimens of birds, nests and eggs from Fao. Purchased. [9S.
11. 15, 1-04.]

5 birds from the Mekran Coast. Presented. [1904. 11. 27, 1-5.]

These very valuable collections, from a locality whence the Museum
had never received any specimens, were described by me in the" Ibis '
for 1886 (pp. 475-493), and 1891 (pp. 103-116), when the neit
and eggs of Hypocolius amjoelinus were made known for the first time.
Mr. "Whitaker has recently described a new species of Chat from
Mr. Cumming*s collection, as Saxicola cummingi (Bull. B. 0. &• x«
p. xvii., 1900 ; figured, Ibis, 1902, pp. 58, 59, pi. iii.). His last dooatioo
included specimens of the Ked-throated Diver (fiolymbtu teptriowiii
and Merganser serrator), recorded from S. Persia for the first time.

Mr. Cumming entered the Persian Gulf Telegraph Service in Augort
1876, and was stationed at Fao in 1883, 1886, 1890-1894, aud 1896. no
proved to be a p;ood collecting ground, being situated at the north end of
the Persian Gulf, on the right bank of the Biver Shat-al-arab, and aboot
fourteen miles from its mouth. It belongs to Turkey, the river forming
the boundary between Persian and Turkish territory.

Cnningliame (R. J.)

A Saddle-billed Jabiru from Fashoda., [1902. 11. 20, 1.]
Cunninghame (J. F.).

54 birds from Western Uganda. Presented. [ 1904. 6. 2 7, 1-9 ; 190*.
7. 17, 1-45.]

Cutter (W.).

32 birds from South America. Purchased. [69. 8. 16, 1-32.]

57 birds from Madagascar. Purchased. [70. 5. 20, 1-31 ; 72. 10. 12,

1-7; 75.2.1,5.23.]

7 birds from the Zambesi district. Purchased. [76. 7. 5, 1-7.]
Mr. Cutter was a well-known natural history agent in Great Bus«U

Street, and had a shop at the opposite comer to Mr. John Gould's hoiwe

Birds. 335

larlotte Street, where the business is still carried on by the family.
«a Alfred Everett's first agent, and it was from Mr. Cutter that Mr.
d lecttved the original type-specimen of Pitta arcucUa, one of the
tof Everett's discoveries. I also knew him as Crossley's agent, and
Kiibed many fine things from Crossley's Madagascar collections, the
B of which are in my collection now in the British Museum. After
A entered the Museum, I was no longer allowed to keep a private
dkm of birds, and Cronley's later consignments were purchased by
Museum direct from Mr. Cutter. Thus in 1875 wo acquired the types
Mtriofdiu tuiur, Atelomis crosslevi, Neodrepanis corusoans, Oxylabes
(ftop^ryt, and Bemieria zosterops [75. 2. 1, 5*23], all most interesting
«, which were described by me (P.Z.S., 1875, pp. 70-78, pis. xiii.,

Tbe lirds from the Zambesi must, I think, have been collected by
Bndshaw. They were beautiful skins, and two species were described
me as new, Finarornis plumosus (fig.. Cat. B., vii., pi. ix.) and
ieola fkelleyi (cf. Sharpens edition of Layard, pp. 230, 246. Figured
Ones' " Matobele liand,'* App., pL A.). The latter bird is really a
mMoUtOj and was named by me in honour of my friend. Sir Edward
%, an old Zambesi explorer, who reached Lake Nyasa but a short
e tfter its discovery by Livingstone and Kirk. Sir Edward was one
he pdl-bearers at Livingstone's funeraL

Jgleiflh (6.).

6 eggs of the Kentii^h Plover from the Channel Islands. Presented.

018.2,1-3; 1904.3.3,1-3.]

nckwerts (W. C).

A qiedmen of the Grey Lag Goose (Anser anser) from Sutherland.

05.5.22,1.]

afbrd (C. G.).

2 Nntcrackers, with nest and eggs, from the Carpathian Mountains.
«Dted. [190L 4. 14, 1-8.]

Mr. Dinford, with Mr. J. A. Harvie-Brown, wrote a list of the birds of
osylfania, mainly based on their own observations (Ibis, 1875, pp.
)-199, 291-313, 412-431). In 1877 he described the birds collected
ing his travels in Asia Minor (Ibis, 1877, pp. 261-274; 1878, pp.
15), and again in 1880 (Ibis, 1880, pp. 81-99).

Most of the specimens obtained during this last expedition were given
Mr. Danford to various private collections, and thus many have come
the Museum with the Seebohm Bequest The ty ()e of a new species of
■er Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocoptts danfordi) also came with the
rgitt collection. Mr. Danford has presented the nest in situ, with the
;iiDd parent-birds of the Nutcracker {Nucifraga caryocatactes), {torn
uuylTinia, and this is one of the most interesting of our bird -groups.

Udelfl {Major Cooke).

3 skins and 14 specimens in spirit, from S.E. New Guinea, Presented.
)05. 9. 18, 1-17.]

Udels {Mi88 E.).

13 birds from British Guiana. Presented. [1905. 5. 20, 1-13.]

Mling (J.).

Was one of Mr. Hume's collectors.

336 Zoology.

Darling (J. ffolliot).

66 birds and eggs from Rhodesia. Exchanged. [1902. 2. 1, 1-lB;
1902. 3. 14, 1-48.]

An interesting collection, the chief treasure beine a spedmen of
Relchenow*8 Pitta {Pitta longipennis, Reichenow\ found for the first timt
in the South African Sub-region (cf, Sharpe, Bull. B. 0. 0. zii., p. 49 ,1902^

Darmstadt Museum.

3 specimeDS received in exchange. [77. 4. 21, 21-23.]

A new Polyplectron (P. Khleiermachert) from S. £. Borneo^ Cenrn

annectens from Celebes, and Oriolus formosu9 from Sangi Islandi, wt

added to the collection.

Darwin (Chables), F.B.S,

A specimen of Upucerthia dumetorta from Goquimbo. FkMentii
[39. 8. 4, 1.]

20 birds from South America. Presented. [56. 3. 15, l-2a] [OoB-
tained the type of Pyrocephalus fxtrvirostris, Gould, ZooL Yoy. Aaf/k,
iii, p. 44.]

26 birds from Persia. Presented. [56. 12. 16, 1-26.]
60 Domestic Pigeons and 6 Ducks. Presented. [67. 12. 9, l-Sd]
The collections made by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagh piM
into the Museum of the Zoological Society, and were afterwards acqund
by the British Museum. Unfortunately, a few of the types had eite
perished or were overlooked by Mr. G. R. Grav, when he made hii
selection, since they are not now in the National Collection. FnHn irhm
Mr. Darwin received his small series of Persian birds, I neyer knew. The
Pigeons and Ducks had served him in his works on Natural Selection.
{Of. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xiv., pp. 72-84.)

Davidson (J.).

18 birds, mostly from Aden, collected by Lieut. Barnes. [97. IL 29,
1-18.]

A specimen of Beniiza coronata from Sind. Presented. [1905. 2. 7, t]

Mr. Davidson is the author (in company with Mr. Wenden) of a ftfjr
important paper on the Avifauna of the lieccan (Stray Feathers, vii, ppi
68-95) ; " Rough List of the Birds of Western Eandesh " (Stimy Fettlun^
X., pp. 279-327), and his collections are now in the Museum, having beo
presented by Mr. Allan Hume, with the rest of the Hume oolketka.
When the late Lieut. Barnes wrote a paper on the Birds of Adao
(Ibis, 1893, pp. 57-84, 166-181), I was particularly anxious to exunine
some of his specimens, but they were, unfortunately, in India at the time;

Mr. Davidson afterwards acquired the collections of birds and eggi
belonging to Lieut. Barnes, and he very kindly presented to the MuMum
the specimens which I desired. Another interesting species praeated
by Mr. Davidson was a specimen of Erythropus amureinU from Euanu
[1897. 12. 4, 1.]

Davies {Commander Daybell), B,N.

8 birds from Shanghai, 1 from Ascencion Island, and 3 from FintfDt*
Presented. [87. 7. 30, 1-12.]

Davies {Capt H. R.).

8 birds from the Shan States. Presented. [99. 8. 20, 1-a]

Birds. 337

Dtvia and Boper (Mesan.).

69 birds from the Makalaka country collected by the late Dr. Brad-
Aaw(9.v.). Poichased. [80.1.30,1-69.]

SkvIboxi (Wiluam Ruzton).

170 biidfl from the Nilghiri Hills. Presented. [82. 6. 8, 1-35 ;
88. & 1, 1-40; 84. 7.»28, l-QO.]"

14 birds from Travancore. Presented. [85. 7. 30, 1-14.]
11 birds frcHn Pahang. Presented. [92. 9. 1, l-ll.]
Dsnaon was one of the best collectors that the world has ever seen.
Hi ¥18 indefatigable as a worker in the jungle, but it was next to
inpowUe to get him to write anything about his experiences, although,
sioonTersatian, his stories of the habits of birds were always interesting.
lb, Hume has told me that even when Davison returned to Simla after
Ml of his expeditions, it was difficult to get him to write anything down,
« be iru always wanting to be out of doors collecting among the hills.

Hfl WIS entrusted with the conduct of expeditions by Mr. Hume for
■0^ Tears, and his wonderful explorations in Burma, Tenasserim, and
tb Alky Peninsula are described in * Stray Feathers,' the most important
nmoir being the account, by Mr. Hume and himself, of the birds of
IbMMrim (Stray Feathers, vi, pp. 1-524).

When Mr. Hume gave up his ornithological work, Davison visited
b^apd and afterward settled down for a time at Ootacamund in the
Hilgiuris, whence he sent some interesting birds to the British Museum.
Bivif afterwards appointed to the Museum at Singapore, and made one
■on expedition into Pahang. The death of his wife and the hardships
ke bid undergone in his younger days proved too much even for this
AaoouB man, and he died in January 1893 (c/. Ibis, 1893, pp. 478-

) collections which he made for Mr. Hume's Museum were always
leudfolly prepared, and he discovered many new species, several of
*Beh were named after him {Cycmopa daviaani, Spilomia citxvisont,
^tfwUcuB davisoni, Ixua davisoni, Brctckyurus davisoni, Turdtdus

\ Liqptila damaoni^ Bemixus davisoni).

BawKm {Prof. G.).

SOO snecimens obtained during the Boundary Ck)mmission on the
Wk Fknllel, five species being new to the collection. Presented by the
Rnign Office. [76.4.15,1-300.]

Ptef. Davrson was the naturalist attached to the British Commission,
^ Dr. Elliot Ck)ues was the American zoologist. The collection wau
%dflKribed by the latter.

DiJ (W. S.).

8» Gbbbabd, E.

Deaay (Major H. H. P.).
18 Wids from the Pamirs. Presented. [99. 8. 3, 1-18.]
361hi^ from Tibet Presented. [1903.10.3,1-36.]
For ao account of Major Deasy's adventurous journeys to Centra)

« c/. GeMT. Soc. Joum. xi., pp. 544, 545, 666, 666, 1898; xvi.,

PI^ 501-527.

Degen (E.).

67 \ard^ skins and specimens in spirits from South Australia. Pur-
^^'^ci [99. 8. 14, 1-19; 1900. 10. 7, 1-48.]

▼01. n. z

338 Zoology.

462 specimens from Abyssinia. [1903. 9. 5, 1-312 ; 1903. 10. 2
1-146.]

Mr. Degen was a pupil of the late Professor Rtitimeyer at Baael, an
is an accomplished and skilful preparer of skeletona, in which capacity b
lias for many years done excellent work for the MoBeum. He is ab
interested in the moulting and phylogeny of the Glaas AveSy and ht
written two elaborate memoirs on these subjects. [BulL B.0.0^ toL iL
Trans. ZooL Soc., xvi., pp. 347-418, pis. xxxvL-xxxviii.]

His recent expedition to Abyssinia resulted in a most Taloable coUeO'
tion of fishes, and an interesting series of birds, indudiDg two new tpedoi^
Mdandbucco tsanm and Mirafra degeni^ and a vay rare Owl^ Jbk
abyssinicuB. (Cf. Ogilvie-Qrant, Ibis, 1904, pp. 250-280, pla. v., tL)

Delamere {Lard).

61 birds from Somali Land. Presented. Collected by Br. AtkiMon.
[98. 12. 11, 1-61.]

970 birds from Equatorial Africa. [1901. 2. 22, 1-970.]
The last-named collection is one of the most complete ever made «
an expedition to Equatorial Africa. Lord Delamere took Mr. Loomiid
Harwood with him as taxidermist, and consequently the skins ynn
beautifully prepared. At least twelve species were new to the Untmm,
of which seven were types,

Delm^Radcliffe {Oohnel C).

405 birds and 37 skeletons from Uganda, collected during the Anglo-
German Frontier Commission, including two types of species new to
science, collected by the late W. Q. Do^gett. Presented. [^904. la 23;
1-100; 1904. 10. 27, 1-305; 1904. 10. 29, 1-37.] (QT. (^vie-GfruH
Ibis, 1905, pp. 199-212.)

Dent (CapL R. E.).

16 birds from Kronstadt, Orange River Colony. Presented. [1908.
3. 21, 1-16.] Collected during the last Boer War.
See also Woosnam, R. B.

De Oca (Rafael).
See Gerrabd, E.
A well-knowTi Mexican collector, who travelled principally in the
Ftate of Jalapa (c/. Sclater, P.Z.S., 1859, p. 362).

Derby (Earl of).

94 birds from various localities. Presented. [37. 5. 13, 1-2; 37.7.8,
31-53 ; 38. 5. 12, 102; 42. 12. 6, 19-68 ; 46. 9. 1, 1-9, 12-21.]

The 13th Lord Derby, the founder of the Derby Museum at LiTeipool,
gave, from time to time, many interesting specimens of birds to the
British Museum.

De Vis (C. W.).

See Queensland Museum.

De Winton (W. E.)

10 birds from various locaUties. Presented. [94. 11. 16, 1'^
94. 11. 25, 1 ; 1)4. 12. 18, 1-8.]

1 example of the Common Teal (Nettium crecca) fron Pembiok®'
shire. Presented. [1901.10.17,1.]

Birds. 339

m {Dr.).

D«ns from the Zambesi. [64. 12. 7, 1-3.]

I tihe type of Cerehneis dickinsoni.

(Walter B.).
I from Florida. Presented. [83. 3. 17, 1-23.]

}hABLB8).

IlectioDs made in St Kilda and in Algeria by Mr. Dixon
I the collection of the British Museum along with the rest of
tmi coUection. The St. Kilda Wren, Anorthura hirtenna
ZooL, 1884, pp. 333-335) was discovered by Mr. Dixon.

LimU. Kennett).

B from Antipodes, Bounty and Campbell Islands. Presented.

0.1-11.]

oall collection was most interestmg, and contained specimens

fleMuiaeAnm with its nest and eggs (the latter unfortunately

nnait) ; also a specimen of the nearly extinct Mergus auatrdlis.

I and 2 eggs of the Wanderin$i: Albatross {Diomedea extdana)

odes Islands. Presented. [1904.6.16,1-4.]

"aliaii Orebea (Podicipes novm hoUanduei) from Dauphin Island,

idea. [1904.12.25,1-2.]

(RA.)

le's Gull (Xema sMnei) from Christchurch, Hants. Presented.

(Walter G.).
Dxlm^-Radcliffe, Colonel ; Johnston, Sir Harry.

bope).

fiwn Sind. Presented. [81. 7. 11, 1-9.]

rope Doig did valuable ornithological work in Sind, and his

iiQB and ^gs collected in the Eastern Narra Range are in the

lection (cf. Stray Feathers, viii., pp. 369-379 ; ix., pp. 277-

p. 503-612).

l. H.).

t and a Ruflf, from South Uist. Presented. [1905. 9. 16, 1-2.]
(R. P.)
s from the Congo Free State. Presented. [1905. 4. 8, 1-10.]
lay (Henry).

A from Epping. Presented. [41. 1. 18, 1-14 ; 41. 1. 26, 2-9.]
day is principally known as an entomologist, and was a brother
brated entomologist, Edward Doubleday, but he was a first-rate
of the old school. The birds which he gave to the Museum
»n the best-mounted specimens in the collection,
ut. Nat. Biog. XV., p. 254.

Brockman (R. E.).

U from British East Africa. Presented. [1904. 4. 4, 1-il.]

)i from East Africa. Presented. [1904. 5, 11, 1-34.]

I from Berbera. Presented. [1905. 6. 1, 1-9.]

It from Somali Land. Presented. [1905. 7. 24, 1-7 ; 1905. 12. 19,

340 Zoology.

Dresser (H. E.).

4 birds from Europe and Asia Minor. Presented. [72. 12. 16, 14.1

A Pelican {Felecanus onocrotcUus) from Dalmatia. Pkoeotn
[73. 12. 26. 12.]

46 eggs from Central A sia. In exchange for duplicates from the Utam
Collection. [1902. 4. 25, 1-46.]

At the time that I entered the service of the Trustees, Mr. Dtmh
was engaged with me in writing the *' Birds of Europe." Beins imiUc
to continue this work and at the same time write the " Cataragoa d
Birds,** I preferred the latter work, and surrendered the ''Birdi d
Europe" to my partner. The collection on which this work was fboadfld
contained many specimens of birds obtained in my younger dayi. Me
Dresser sold his collection to a gentleman, by whom it was prsMted tt
the Victoria University, Manchester. The donor is now known to hm
been Mr. J. T. Thomasson.

Du Chaillu (Paul B.).

See Stevens, S.

This celebrated collector, the rodiscoverer of the Gtorilla, worked in Ui
early days for the Maison Ycrreanz. Jules Verreaux, who came to Elng^
when the German army approached Paris in 1870, was received by Um
English ornithologists with great sympathy, and lived for loiiifl tkn
weeks in my house. He told me that Du Chaillu was not only a fii*
i-ato collector, but an absolutely straightforward man, and that after hi
first efforts at scientific collecting he was entrusted with money fori
second expedition into the interior of Gaboon by certain French loologiili
Du Chaillu's second collection was lost in a shipwreck, and when hi
afterwards arrived in Paris with another consignment, he made koovi
his arrival to Jules Verreaux, and announced lus intention of Bonends
mz the collection ho had brought with him for the benefit of the fimns
suDscribcrs. The latter, however, were unreasonable, and wanted ti
prosecute Du Chaillu for the loss of the money contributed towudi
his second venture, and he therefore sailed away to America; and tfan
Cassin was able to describe the wonderful novelties which Du Ghaiila hsi
brought back from Gaboon. He lufter wards went back to the littB
country under the auspices of the Academy of Natural Scienoei (x
Philadelphia, and continued his researches [<f. Cassin, Fh)c. Acad. Nat
Sci. Philad., 1855, p. 439 ; 1856, pp. 156-159 (Moonda riverX 316-^
(Cape Lopez) ; 1857, pp. 33-40 (Muni river) ; 1859, pp. 30-55, 133-lH
172-176, pis. 1 and 2 (Camma and Ogow^ rivers) ]. This waa theitoil
told me by my old friend, Jules Verreaux.

Of. Obituary, Geogr. Joum., pp. 680 and 681, 1903.

The following account of the explorer appeared in the "Duly
Telegraph " of May 1st, 1903, and, as the best record of Du Ghaillu'k wok,
is worth preserving : —

Although the name of Paul Belloni du Chaillu cannot be placed in
quite the same category as those of Speke, Grant, Gordon CummiDgi
Burton, Baker, Stanley, or others of the explorers who, during the ptf^
sixty years, unrolled to the knowledge of the civilised worid th0
mysterious wooders of the Dark Continent, yet his work was of ^^
importance, and in some respects his investigations were directed ia >
more scientific direction than those of many t>f the men nienti<med. V*
du Chaillu was a Frenchman, and was bom in Paris on July 31, 1^
His father held an official appointment in the French settlement on the
Gaboon lUver on the West Coast of Africa, where he also carried en *

Birds. 341

concem, and thither the youth went at an early age. His

T the Jesuits of that colony douhtless tended to create in his

for exploration, for the members of the famous society have

noted for the zeal and ability with which they have pursued

and ethnological research. When ho was about seventeen

young Du Chaillu entered his father's trading business, and

» the United States with a cargo of ebony, ft was in New

) took his initial plunge into literature, a very able series of

16 Gkiboon country appearing in the New York Tribune from

he was naturalised as an American citizen, and in the same
d to West Africa, where he immediately set out upon his
•mney in the interior. For nearly four years he pressed
Qgh a country up to that time untrodden by the foot of the
avvUing on foot or in cano<>s without white companions, and
:otal Stance of about 8,000 miles. During this protracted

du Gbaillu shot and preserved thousands of specimens of
imal life, sixty of which were previously unknown. The
sry, however, which overshadowed all his other achievements,
at a Tcry bitter scientific controversy, but finally placed his
wcure basis, was that of the Grorilla. It is, of course, well
for many years rumours from native sources had reached the
xtraordinary species of man-like apes, gifted with superhuman
trength, and endowed with something like human intelligence ;
certain specimens of the skin and skull of a great Simian had
d. But down to the time that Paul du Chaillu returned from
igB, no European had ever claimed personal acquaintance with
markable member of the monkey tribe, and it was generally
: the so-called Gorillas were nothing more than unusually fine
f the Chimpanzee or Ourang outang, both of which were
ugh to zoologists, llierefore, when, in 1860, Du Chaillu
to civilisation from the gloomy forests of West Africa and
irorld his news that he had himself seen in its native fast-
lyaterious creature in question, a war of words arose that has
equalled and never exceeded in the history of science. Du
ourse, had his opponents and his supporters. On the former
Dged such men as Dr. Petermann and Dr. Barth, two names
ith in Germany, and, indeed, in Europe. On the other were
Murchison and that greatest of modem comparative anato-
chard Owen. Magazine and newspaper articles, pai^ers before
Btles, pamphlets followed one another in rapid succession,
ittacking and defending M. du Chaillu and the statements
I the book, "Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial
rhich he had set forth his experiencon. Not only were his
learches discounted, but his maps and other geographical data
ned, and the controversy reached a climax one night at the
k certain scientific body, when a scene of considerable violence
ireen the explorer and his critics.
' irritated by the reception which his statements had

Du Chaillu was not at all discouraged. He went out again
lea, and, in 1863, he departed on another journey, by which
cross the continent. He was delayed by the loss of his outfit
cai (Sizing of a boat, but eventually a start was made. Passing
od-Yaz river to Obindji he went on to Olenda, in Astivialand,
cplored much of the surrounding country, later on proceeding

342 Zoology.

to the Apono, Ishogo, and AHhango territories, meetiDg <
curious race of negro dwar£s, of nomadic habits and of a t
This journey came to an untimely end. At a village over <
the point of departure one of M. du Ghullu's men had the
kill a native through the accidental explofdon of a rifle,
villagers attacked the party, M. du Chaillu and his con
obliged to flee for their lives, and practically the whole of hi
scientific collections, note-books, and photographs were a
lost in the jungle. The expedition effected its retreat onl;
difficulties, but eventually reached the territory of friei
safety. This second journey, although a brief one, was v(
scientific results, and has always been regarded as of m<
value than the earlier and more protracted explorations of !
By the time ho returned to London, in 1865, the Gorilla a
to a large extent died cut, and the fresh evidence which h
adduce set the matter defiiiitely at rest. There is little <
that M. du Chaillu had himself largely to blame for the ad
enooimtered by his earlier statements. His first book was c
form rather of a popular work of adventure than of a seri
account of a series of learned researches. Not content wi
what he had himself seen, he embellished his narrative wit
of more or less sensational hearsay, probably derived from i
Hence matter-of-fact zoological exerts, accustomed, above
the precise terms and data of scientific exposition, were pron
as mere " traveller's tales " the stories of a man who, al
somewhat to exaggeration, had yet a very solid substratum <
assertions. 1'he matter, however, is now at rest, and no o
existence of the great monkey.

After his expedition of 1865, the results of which were
two further books, M. du Chaillu carried out no more e
Africa. For some years he lived in America and Englanc
large number of public lectures, in which he recounted his ex
much success. In the seventies and eighties he turned hi
Scandinavia, and visited many of the more remote parts ol
Sweden, as the result of which he published a very fasi
entitled, "The Land of the Midnight Sun." During hif
northern countries he made many researches into their ai
buildings, and folklore, and his work, *' The Viking Age,'
1887, dealing with the early history, manners, and cu
ancestors of the English-speaking nations, is a classic.

In person, M. du Chaillu was well equipped for the an
exploration. Although his body was short and thick-set,
verge of deformity, he was possessed of great muscular str
enjoyed admirable health. He spoke and wrote English a
his Uterary style, though florid and diff'use, was vigorous an
His knowledge of the languages, or dialects, of the many sav
which he came in contact was considerable, and in coolnei
and nerve few explorers have ever equalled him.

Ducie {Earl).

A hybrid Pheasant (Phasianm colchicus x P. reevesi) fr<
shire. [1904.2.4,1.]

Dumas (J. M.).

94 birds from N. New Gumea. Purchased, [99. 11. c
4. 10, 1-53.]

Birds. 343

A companion of Mr. Alfred £yerett during his travels in the Molucca
Islands. After Everett's death, Dumas visited several islands in the
Moluccas, and procured some interesting species. Oeodchla dumasi^
Rothschild, from Bum (Bull. B.O.C. viii., p. xxx.), and other new species
were discovered hy him (cf. Nov. 2iOoL vii., pp. 226-242).

Dimxi (Surgeon-Captain H. N.).

2S4 specimens of birds and eggs from the neighbourhood of Khartum

and the White Nile districts. Presented. [1900. 8. 29, 1-82 ; 1902.

12. 17, 1-59 ; 1903. 2. 4, 1-48; 1903. 2. 7, 1-46.]

6 biids from Somali Land. Presented. [1904. 6. 14, 1-6.]

These collections contain many interesting species, and should be

carefully examined by anyone writing on the ornithology of the Eastern

Sudan.

DnnstaU (G. E.).

3 birds from British Guiana. Purchased. [1904. 10. 30, 1-3.]

11 Birds of Paradise from New Guinea. Purchased. [96. 3. 16, 1-11.]

10 specimens from New South Wales and New Zealand. Purchased.

[96. 6. 1, 1-10.]

Dnmford (Henbt).

9 eggs of birds, collected by the late H. Miiller, from the FlU'oe Isles ;
and 3 from Wahiey Island. Presented. [75. 1. 5, 1-12.]

354 specimens from Argentina and the Chuput Valley in Patagonia.
Purchased. [1885. 11. 20, 1-354.]

This fine young naturalist, whose career was cut short by an early
death (</. Ibis, 1878, p. 493), was a nephew of the late Dr. Dumford,
Bishop of Chichester. He collected in the Faroes and also in the Frisian
Islands (Ibis, 1874, pp. 391-406). He afterwards settled in South
America, and his papers on the birds of Buenos Aires were published in
the ' Ibis • for 1876 (pp. 157-166) and 1877 (pp. 166-203). In the latter
volume also appeared his account of his expedition to the Chuput Valley
(Ibis, 1877, pp. 27-46), with a further paper (Ibis, 1878, pp. 389-
406). Farzana Bpiloptera was described by him and figured in the ' Ibis '
for 1877 (pi. iii.), and I have named an Oyster-catcher (ffmmatopus
dum/ordi) after him (Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv., p. 117, pL vi.). The
account of his last expedition, to Tucuman and ^ta, was published in
the * Ibis ' for 1880, pp. 351-364, pis. ix. and x. The collection acquired
after his death contains all the specimens obtained by Dumford in South
America.

Dyer {Sir Thiselton), Director, Boyal Botanic Gardens, Kew
{q,v.).

A young White Stork (Ciconia alba). Presented. [1904. 5. 31, 1.]

Hybrid GK)06e (Chenalopex mgyptiaca x C. magellanica). [1904.
10. 28, 1.]

A Semipalmated Goose (Anseranas semipcdmata). Presented. [1904.
12. 8, 1.]

A specimen of the White Stork (Ciconia alba). Presented. [1905.
5. 27, 1.]

DTSon (David).

See also Cumino, Hugh.
38 birds from Honduras. Purchased. [45. 11. 2, 1-38.]
127 birds from Venezuela. Purchased. [46. 11. 27, 1-18 ; 47. 2. 10,

1-25 ; 47. 3. 22, 1-35 ; 47. 5. 1, 1-32 ; 47. 10. 18, 15-31.]

344 Zoology.

This contains the type of Nothocercus honapartei, Gray, from Aragua
Valley, Venezuela.

No list of Mr. Dyson's collections appears to have been published, but
a species of Bucco was named after him by Dr. Sclater (P.Z.S., 1855,
p. 193). Some account of his life is published in the Proceedmgs of the
Manchester Field Club (vol. i., pt. 2, 1900-1901), <f. Britten, Joum.
Botany, 1905, p. 134. See also the * Naturalist,' 1857, pp. 43, 44.

Earl (Febct).

30 birds from New Zealand. Purchased. [45. 1. 13, 1-30.]

3 nests of New Zealand birds. Presented. [45. 3. 6, 2-4.]

One of the Weka Rails presented by Mr. Ean was describeJ by G. R.

Gray in his list of the " Binls of New Zealand " as Ocydromus earli (Ibis,

1862, p. 238).

Earle (Edwabd).

See Stabes, Jonx.

East India Company (JETon.).
See India. Museum, London.

Eaton (Bev. A. E.).

Mr. Eaton was the naturalist to the Transit of Venus expedition, and
was stationed in Kerguelen Land. He did excellent work, and his field-
notes on the habits of the birds are full of interest. The ornithological
collections made by the expedition are described by me in the Report
published by the Royal Society (Phil. Trans., voL clxviii., pp. 101-162,
pis. yi.-yiiL). The eggs were described by Mr. Howard Saunders (t.c, pp.
163-166).

The Teal of Kerguelen Island proved to be new to science, and was
named by me Querquedula eaUmi (''Ibis,'* 1875, p. 328 ; figured PhiL Trans.,
clxviii., pL vi.). It has since been made the type of the genus DaJUula,

Edinburgh, University of.

See Robinson, H. C. ; Rota.l SociETy.

Edwardes (JETon. W.) [Lard Kensington].

126 birds from St. Brides', South Wales. [88. 11. 14, 1-14 ; 88. 12,
13, 1-22; 89. 12. 17, 1-57 ; 91. 4. 28, 1-33.]

Lord Kensington was endeavouring to procure for the Museum a
complete series of birds from South Wales. He went with his regiment
to South. Africa, was severely wounded diuring the Boer War, and subse-
quently died of enteric fever at Bloemfontein. He also presented the
nesting groups of the Carrion Grow and the Shag.

Sfiypty Exploration Fund (through Pro/6MorW.M. Flinders
Pbtbib).
Bones of a Crane from Egypt. Presented. [1904. 9. 8, 1.]
Many bones of mummifi^ Mammals and Birds.

Elliot (Dr. Edmund A. S.).

10 Starlings (Stumm vulgaris) from Devonshire. Presented. [89.
3. 8, 1-lO.f

When I was working at the distribution and migration of the
Common Starling, Dr. Elliot procured me some interesting specimens.
He is a well-known authority on the ornithology of Devonshire, and is

Birds. 345

also ioterested ia the birds of North America (cf. Bull. B.O.C., v.,
pp. xxL, xlii.). He is the author of " A Century's Work on Ornithology
in the Kingsbridge District " (Rep. Devon. Ass., xxix., pp. 167-174, 1897).

Elliott (Geoboe Francis Scott).

8 specimens from Madas^ascar. Presented. [89. 9. 25, 1-8.]
35 specimens from Ruwenzori and Lake Albert Edward. Presented.
[96. 2. 12, 1-351

Mr. Scott-Elliot is chiefly known as a Botanical Collector, but he
procured some specimens of birds during his travels in Equatorial Africa,
and discovered a new species of Zosterops on Ruwenzori, which has been
named after him, Zosterops scotti^ by Mr. Oscar Neumann (Om. M.B.,
vii., p. 24). See Hist. Coll. Brit. Mus., i. (Botany), p. 146.

Elliott (J. Steele).

A specimen of the Sub-Alpine Warbler {Sylvia svhaljnna) from St
Kilda, being the only known specimen from the British Islands. [1901.
1. 4, 1.]

29 eggs from St. Eilda, Donegal and Shropshire. Presented. [1902.
7. 7, 1-13; 1904. 8. 11, 1-16.]

87 eggs of British birds. Presented. [1904. 10. 20, 1-87.]

Elsey (J. R.).

249 specimens from N.W. Australia. Presented. [57. 9. 18, 1-56 ;
57. 10. 28, 1-193.]

Dr. Elsey was the medical officer attached to the Gregory Expedition.

Blwes (H. J.), F.B.8.

98 birds (Ducks). Presented. [89. 4. 3, 1-80 ; 89. 4. 9. 1-18.]

The record of Mr. H. J. Elwes constitutes as fine a display of energy
and devotion to scientific work as any in the anuals of English science.
Bom in 1846, he was educated first at Mr. Goldney's school at Tonbridge,
where the present Lord Walsingham made the study of natural history
the rage» and this doubtless had itn influence in the after career of Mr.
Elwes. After four 3'ears at Eton, he joined the Scots Guards in 1865,
and it was in 1863 and 1864 that he made his first expeditions in pursuit
of natural history to the Orkney Islands. He stayed at Stromness in the
house of the well-known collector, John Dunn, and was nearly drowned
during one of their expeditions in the very boat in which Dunn lost his
life a few years afterwards. Mr. Elwes visited Islay on several occasions,
and again on one of these visits be narrowly escaped drowning through
the swamping of the boat in which he was sailing. The ornithological
notes which he made were sent to the late Robert Gray, who was at that
time engaged in writing his book on the ' Birds of the West of Scotland.'

In 1868, when the Guards were quartered at the Tower, he obtained
leave for the summer, and spent three months in the Hebrides, accom-
panied for the first ten days by T. E. Buckley. In those days the
White-tailed Eagle (Haliaetus aXbicUla) was common in Skye, three nests
being found in a couple of days, and to two of these he descended over the
cliffs by means of a rope. Sixty of these birds bad been destroyed on
the farm of Glenbrittle by Mr. Cameron, the tenant, with whom the
travellers stayed, and who was afterwards killed by being thrown out of a
window in a row which took place at Portree.

In 1869, Mr. Elwes went with the late Mr. T. E. Buckley on an
expedition to Greece, Turkey, and the Crimea. While in Attica, the

346 Zoology.

party narrowly escaped capture by the very same band of brigands who
murdered Mr. Herbert, Mr. Yyner and the Secretary of the Italian
Legation the year afterwards. (For an account of this expedition, see
the " Ibis " for 1870, pp. 59-77.)

Being unable to effect an exchange into a regiment in India, Mr.
Elwes left the Army in 1870, and determined to devote his time to
travel and the pursuit of natural history. He went to Madras with the
late Colonel Bame and Colonel the Hon. F. Bridgman. After hunting
Elephants and Bison in the Cardamum Hills of Travancore, and making
some notes on birds (Ibis, 1870, pp. 526-^28), an expedition was
made after Tiger and Rhinoceros in the Terai, with Colonel Sir F. (now
General Lord) Grenfell and Colonel Bridgman; but, as the latter was
invalided by a bad attack of fever, Mr. Elwes made a trip to Daijiling in
April and stayed there till the end of October. He joined with Dr. W.
T. Blanford in the well-known explorations of the head-waters of the
Tista Biver in Tibet, a locality only once before visited, viz. by Sir Joseph
Hooker, twenty-two years previously. An accoimt of this expedition was
published by Dr. Blanford in the " Journal " of the Asiatic Society of
Bei^ (vol. xli., pp. 41-73), and three new species of biods were described.

£i T^ovember Mr. Elwes went to Assam with the late Colonel
Haughton, CLE., the Commissioner of Kuch Behar, but was laid up with
fever. After an expedition to Kangra and the north-western Himalayas
he returned to England in 1871, and married. The result of his Indian
experiences is summed up in his paper on the " Geographical Distribution
of Asiatic Birds'* (P.Z.S., 1873, pp. 616-682, pi. li., map). He like-
wise wrote a revision of the genus ffenicurus (Ibis, 1872, pp. 250-262,
pi. ix.).

In 1874 Mr. Elwes started to join the late Lord Lilford in his yacht
on an expedition to Cyprus, but the yacht was disabled and could not go,
so Mr. Elwes travelled by himself from Smyrna to Lycia, and collected
birds and plants. Several new bulbous plants were discovered on this
expedition, and one of them, Gaianthus elwesi, has become a very
popular garden-plant in England.

From this date he became especially interested in horticulture, and did
little more in ornithology, but in May, 1880, he accompanied the late
Henry Seebohm on a collecting trip to Denmark and Holland, when they
obtained the eggs of the Black Stork (Ciconia nigra), the Kite {MUvus
milviu), the Avocet (Becurvirostra avocetta), and many others (cf. Ibis,
1880, pp. 385-599).

In 1879 he turned his attention to Lepidoptera, and in April, 1882,
he went to Algeria, accompanied by Mr. C. Dixon, and discovered a new
Chat (Saxicota seehohmi) in the Aures Mountains. (Of. Ibis, 1882,
pp. 550-579, pi. 14.)

For the last twenty years Mr. Elwes has devoted himself to the study
of Lepidoptera and Botany, and has made many expeditions, in pursuit
of insects and plants, in different parts of the world. In 1884 he was at
St. Petersburg as the British Delegate to the International Congress of
Botany and Horticulture. In 1886 he was appointed by the Gt)vemm6nt
of India a member of its Embassy to Tibet, a mission which came to
naught owing to the political difficulties which led to the war in Sikhim,
in 1888. Being unable to cross the Tibetan frontier, Mr. Elwes spent
six months in Sikhim and the Khasia Hills.

After the death of his father in 1891, he settled down on the family
estates, and has since devoted his time to forestry and horticulture, varied
by occasional visits to Norway, the Tyrol, etc.

Birds. 347

Id 1888 we find him, accompanied by Mrs. Elwes, in Mexico, where
he joined his brother-in-law, Dr. F. D. Godman, F.RS., in whose
company a very large number of Birds and Lepidoptera were collected.
The return journey was made via California, Oregon, and the Yellowstone
Park. In 1893, and again in 1895, Mr. Elwes was again in North
America, when he visited the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Montana,
and Alberta, and discovered several new species of Butterflies. By this
time his interests were chiefly centred in the collecting of Lepidoptera,
and reviews of several genera, jEneis, Colias, ArgynnU, Erebia, etc.,
appeared in the ** Transactions '* of the Entomological Society, and in 1900
he disposed of his ornithological collections, consisting of some 4000
specimens, which were transferred to Mr. Rothschild's Museum at Tring.

In 1898 Mr. Elwes made an expedition into Siberia with Mr. W. A.L.
Fletcher, D.S.O., the well known oarsman, to hunt wild Sheep. A very
fine collection of Lepidoptera was obtained, which was described in the
"Transactions*' of the Entomological Society for 1899 (pp. 296-367,
pis. xi.-xiv.). The principal ornithological discovery was that of the
breeding of Stejneger's Scoter (CSdemia stejnegeri) on the salt lakes of
the Tchuja Steppe, 2000 miles from the sea. A fine collection of dried
plants was unfortunately lost in crossing a river.

In the winter of 1901-1902, Mr. Elwes went to Chile and collected
plants and butterflies, the latter being described in the Entomological
Society's *• Transactions."

In 1903 he wrote a paper on the *' Habits and present condition of the
Elk in Norway" (P.Z.S., 1903, pp. 133-151, text-figures 18-26).

For the past three years he has been engaged in arranging the collection
of Lepidoptera in the British Museum, having in'1902 presented to the
nation the pick of his collection, amounting to some 30,000 specimens.
He is also engaged in a work on the Trees of Great Britain and Ireland,
with Dr. A. Henry as his coadjutor.

Emin Pasha.

370 specimens from Equatorial Africa. Presented. [87. 9. 28, 1-342;
90. 7. 1, 1-28.]

The collections presented by Emin Pasha to the Museum were some
of the most valuable ever received by the Trustees. They have been
described by Captain Shelley (P.Z.S., 1888, pp. 17-50, pi. iii.). An
interesting new species of Pratincole was named Olareola emini,

A further collection was despatched by Emin Pasha for the Museum
shortly before his death. It was entrusted to the ex-missionary trader
Stokes, who was hung by Major Lothaire under well-known circum-
stances. The collection intended for the British Museum found its way
to Berlin, thus fulfilling the prophecy uttered by a friend of mine when
he heard that Emin rasha had entrusted a collection for the British
Museum into the hands of Stokes. He warned me that the latter would
either get rid of the incubus by throwing the cases into the first cataract
he came to, or would sell the collection to Germany. The notes relating
to the consignment were sent by Emin to the then Dir^tor of the
Museum, Sir William Flower, and published by him in the ** Proceedings"
of the Zoological Society for 1894 (pp. 596-606). Whether Stokes sold
the collections or not was never discovered, but the fact remains that
they went to Berlin instead of coming to London.

" Erebus " and " Terror " (KM.S8.)
See McCoBMicK, Dr. H.

348 Zoology.

Esler (E.).

See Gebbabd, E.

Mr. Esler went to tlie Sudan for Mr. Carl Hagenbeck to collect the
larger Mammalia in pre-Mahdian days. He made collections of birds in
I^gos-Land, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Keren. Many ot these early
oonsignmentH were bought by myself and by Capt. G. E. Shelley, and are
included in our resitective collections of African birds now in the Museum.
A few were also bought from Mr. Gerrard in later years.

'' Euphrates" Expedition.

46 birds and eggs collected during this expedition. Presented. [50. 10.
21, 40-86.]

Evans {Capt, G. N.).

A specimen of a rare Duck {Asarcomis scutulaia) from Bhamo.
[1900. 5. 20, 1.]

Everett (Alfred Hart).

See Gerbard, E. ; Hiqoinr, T.

Mr. Everett's whole life was spent in the cause of science, and no man
underwent more privations than this brave naturalist, who undoubtedly
shortened his days by his devotion to zoological work. From the time
that he entered the service of Raja Brooke in Sarawak his whole mind
was devoted to the study of zoology. I described several of his early
collections from Borneo in the ' Ibis ' for 1876, pp. 29-52, pL ii. ; 1877,
pp. 1-25 ; 1893, pp. 550, 559, 560-563, and in the P.Z.S. for 1879,
p. 343, where Frionochilus everetti is figured (pi. xxx., fig. 1). The
results of his explorations in the Philippines, where he travelled for the
late Marquis of Tweeddale, were described by the latter (P.Z.S.,
1877, pp. 686-703 (Luzon), 755-769 (Cebu), 816-834 (Mindanao);
P.Z.S., 1878, pp. 106-114, pis. vi.-viii. (Dinagat, etc.), 280-288 (Negros),
339-346 (Leyte), 379-381 (Panaon), 611-624, pis. xxxvii., xxxviii.
(Palawan), 708-712 (Bohol), 936-954, pis. Ivii.-lix. (Zamboanga); 1879,
pp. 68-73 (Basilan). Several remarkable novelties were discovered by
Everett in the Philippines as well as in the Sulu Archipelago (^. Sharpe,
'Ibis,' 1894, pp. 238-259, pis. vi., vii.).

His later work was for the Hon. Walter Rothschild, and consisted
of explorations in the Lesser Sunda Islands and in Celebes and the
neighbouring islands. The following papers refer to these expeditions :
Hartert, Nov. Zool. i., pp. 469-483 ; ii., pp. 466-478 (Natuna Islands) ;
iii., pp. 69-71, 149-165 (S. Celebes), pp. 591-599 (Lombok); iv., pp.
170-172 (Flores, Djampea Island), 253-273 (Savu), 513-528, pi. ii.;
v., pp. 42-50, pi. i. (S. Flores) ; v., p. Ill (Timor), 456-465 (Lomblon,
Pantar, Ombay), 477-505 (Sumba).

Mr. Everett himself published some valuable papers and notes, the
most important beinc; his essay on the zoo-geocraphical relationship of
the island of Palawan (P.Z.S., 1889, p. 220), and his "List of the Birds
of the Bomean Group of Islands" (J. Straits* Branch R. Asiatic Soc.,
1889, p. 91.

173 birds from Borneo. Exchanged. [94. 7. 5, 1-173.]

199 birds from Borneo and Pakwan. Presented. [93. 7. 4, 1-18;
94. 8. 6, 1-171 ; 95. 3. 8, 1-10.]

For obituary notices, see * Ibis,' 1898, p. 627, Nov. Zool., v., p. 606.

I

Birds. 34J)

Everett (Harold H.).
See HiGGiNS, T.
A brother of Alfred Everett and a good collector. I described a
collection of his from Sarawak, with some notes on Cyomis rufi/rons, and
a new Bulbul(/xidta ^roWco/w) in the «*Ibis" for 1878 (pp. 417-419).

The Rev. H. H. Slater described another collection of Mr. Harold
Everett's from the Bangal Hills in Sarawak, and named Myiaphoneus
bomeensis and Farus cinemscens (Ibis, 1885, pp. 123, 124). The latter
name being preoccupied, he changed it to P. sarawacensis (Ibis, 1885,
1. 327). It has never been found again, whereas Mytophoneus homeensis
las been met with on several mountains in N.W. Borneo (Kina Balu,
Dulit, etc.).

Exton (Dr. H.).

51 birds and egjis from the Orange River Colony and the Transvaal.
Presented. [76. 1. 25, 1-4 ; 76. 10. 18, 1-23 ; 77. 2. 5, 1-4 ; 77. 4. 23,
1-20.]

Fetrochelidon »pUodera was new to the collection. Dr. Exton collected
in Matabeleland when it was still an unexplored country, and resided
for some time at Kanye. Barhattda extoni was a new Barbet discovered
by him.

Eyton (Thomas Campbell).
See Gebbabd, E.

Eyton was a well-known Shropshire naturalist and a coadjutor with
Jardine in the days of the '* Contributions to Ornithology." He was the
author of " A Catalogue of the British Birds," 8vo, vi. + 68 pp. (1836) ;
** History of the Rarer Bntish Birds," 8vo, pp. 1-101 (1836) ; ** Monograph
of the Anatidm ** (1838) ; and '* Osteologia Avium." One of his principal
papers was a "Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya," with
descriptions of new species (P.Z.S., 1839, p. 100), wherein some now very
well-known forms were described for the first time.

After his death his collection was purchased by Mr. E. Oerrard, and
I made a selection of the types for the Museum. The labelling of the
collection was in such an illegible handwriting that I fear I missed identi-
fying a few of thorn, but the majority of the Eyton types are now in the
British Museum.

Cf. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxviii., p. 107.

Famum (J. E. and G. L.).

74 birds from the Khingan Mountains, Mongolia. Presented. [98. 11.
15, 1-74.]

See Smith, Donaldson.

Faber (Von).

See Gerrard.

Farquhar (Capt. A. M., B,N.).

121 specimens from the New Hebrides. Presented. [1900. 1. 10,
1-121.]

2 specimens of Mgithalus macedonioa, new to the collection. [1901.
4. 13, 1 and 2.]

This remarkable donation of birds by Gapt. Farquhar added 12 new
species to the Mtiseum, and these were described by me in the Bulletin
of the British Ornithologists' Club, vol. x. (pp. xxxviii, xxxix), and in

350 Zoology.

the «*Ibis** for 1900 (pp. 337-354), when a complete account of the
coUection was given, with a figure (pL vii.) of a beautiful new King-
fisher (Halcyon farquhari). Some notes on the birds of the New
Hebrides are added by Capt. Farquhar himself in the same volume of the
"Ibis" (pp. 607-612). His ship having been recently on the Medi-
terranean station, he has procured specimens of^githalus macedonioa for
the Museimi, and has written a paper on the nesting of Falco eleanorm in
the Levant (« Ibis," 1902, pp. 166-168).

Payrer {Sir Joseph), Bart, LL.D,, F,B,8.

A Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundtu) and Black-throated Diver
{CcHymbus arcticua) from Falmouth. [1904. 2. 6, 1 ; 1905. 12. 4, 1.]

A Herring GuU (Larus argentatus\ a Shag (Fhalacrocorax gracultu),
and a Great Northern Diver (Colymbus gladalis) from Falmouth. [1901.
12. 6, 1 ; 1902. 12. 28, I ; 1903. 1. 18, 1.]

Sir Joseph, who is one of the survivors of the siege of Lucknow, has
always taken a great interest in Natural History, and, since his retirement
from Indian service, has continually procured specimens for the British
Museum (see "Who's Who," 1905, p. 528).

PeUden (CoUmel H. W.), O.B,, C.M.Z,S.

Visited the Fasroe Islands in 1872 (cf. Zoolo^t^ 1872, pp. 3210-3225,
3245-3257, 3277-3294). Was naturalist to H.M.S. Alert during Sir
George Nares' Arctic voyage. Has collected in many countries, and done
good work on every occasion. In company with Colonel A. E. Butler
and Captain Savile Beid he made an interesting coUection of birds near
Newcastle, in Natal, during the first Boer War (qf. Zoologist, 1882, pp.
165-171, 204-212, 243-258, 297-303, 335-345, 423-430, 460). He has
accompanied Mr. Henry J. Pearson on his expeditions to Novaya Zemlya
and other parts of Northern Euroi)e (cf. Hist. ColL Brit Mus., i., p. 288 ;
Pearson, postea, p. 439).

100 specimens of birds and eggs from Greenland and the Arctic
Begions, obtained during the expemtion under Sir George Nares in
H.M.S. Alert (cf. P.Z.S., 1877, pp. 28-32; Ibis, 1877, pp. 401-412).
Presented by the Lords of the Treasury. [77. 11. 10, 1-51 ; 77. 11. 23,
1-3 ; 78. 7. 2, 1-46.]

Among the specimens obtained by Colonel Feilden on this occasion
were three nestlings of the Knot (Tringa canutus),

A nest and four eggs of the Dartford WarWer (Melizophilui undatus)
(cf. Zoologist, 1872, p. 3272), and two eggs of the Black Grouse (Lyrurus
tetrix) from Wolmer Forest. Presented. [78. 9. 20, 1-7.]

31 eggs, 2 birds, and 1 nest from Barbados. Presented. [91. 7. 11,
1-34] (cf. Feilden, "Ibis," 1889, pp. 477-^03).

29 birds from various localities. Presented. [94. 11. 1, 1-29.]

16 birds and 8 skeletons from N. Greenland and Spitsbergen.
Presented. [94. 11. 22, 1-16 ; 95. 2. 10, 1-8.]

and Harvie-Brown (J. A.).

39 birds from the Petchora River. Presented. [76. 6. 1, 4-42.]
These were duplicates from the collection made on the Petchora River,

by Mr. Harvie-Brown, who was Seebohm's companion (cf, " Ibis," 1876,

pp. 105-126, 215-230, 289-311, 434-456). Colonel FeUden and Mr.

Harvie-Brown have joined collections.

Birds. 351

Ferguson (Harold S.).

22 birds from Travancore. Presented. [1900. 5. 24, 1-12; 1900.
10. 6, 1-10.]

Mr. Ferguson was the Director of the Museum at Trevaadrum, and
sent some interesting species to the National Collection.

FergoBon (R.).

16 specimens from the Himalayas. Presented. [38. 7. 9, 1-16.]

Ferryman.

See Mochleb-Ferbyman.

Pflnch (B. T.), OJ.E.

33 birds from Fao, Persian Gulf. Presented. [1901. 9. 16, 1-33.]

Field (Leopold).

See Stevens, BL
A well-known oologist, whose collection was dispersed in 1895. A
beautiful series of the eggs of Cuculus canorus, with the eggs of the
foster-parents, was secured by the Museum.

Finckh (H. E.).

2 eggs of the Eagu (Rhinochetus jabatus). Purchased. [1904. 7. 25,
1-2.]

Finn (Frank).

8 specimens from Calcutta. Presented. [1902. 10. 18, 1-8.]

2 specimens. [1903. 7. 2, 2-3.]

Until recently Mr. Finn was the Assistant Director of the Indian
Museum, Calcutta, and he has written some interesting papers in the
* Jouroal ' of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and the ' Pro^edings ' of the
Zoological Society.

Finsch {Br. Otto).

See Bbehek, Geoobaphical Societt of ; Schkeideb, G.

A few duplicates from Dr. Finsch*s ornithological collections have
found their way into the British Museum, and the first set of the series
from his well-known Siberian expedition was purchased by the Trustees.

A record of the life-work of this diligent zoologist is to be found in
his " Systematische Uebersicht der Ergebnisse seiner Reisen und schrift-
stellerischen Thatigkeit " (1859-1899), published in Berlin in 1899. His
voyages to West Siberia (1876), the South Sea Islands (1879-1885), New
Guinea (1884-1885), and their results are fully described, and a list of his
works and papers (over 400 in number) is given.

Dr. Finsch was until recently the Curator of the Ornithological
Department in the Leyden Museum, where he was employed as an
Assistant in his young days, when he wrote his celebrated monograph of
the Parrots under circumstances of great difficulty. He has done much
in recent years to elucidate the treasures of that great Museum, and
many valuable memoirs have appeared in the '* Notes of the Leyden
Museum."

Fisher (Theodore).

70 British birds collected and mounted by himself. Presented.
[88. 5. 20, 1-70.]

352 Zoology.

Fitzgerald (E. A.).

127 birds from the Andes, collected by P. H. Gosse during the expedi-
tion to Aconcagua. Presented. [99. 1. 20, 1-95 ; 99. 2. 4, 1-32.]

In Mr. Fitzgerald's book "The Highest Andes, 1899," a chapter on
the birds of the Aconcagua Valley is written by Mr. Gosse (pp. 342-352).

Pitzroy {Admiral).

S€€ Burnett, Sir W.
Cf. Diet. Nat Biog., xix., pp. 207-209.

Fleming (J.).

51 birds from Darjilmg. Presented. [77. 2. 20, 1-51.] One
{Suthora ruficepsl new to the collection.

Fleming (J. H.).

546 birds from Canada. Received in exchange [98. 5. 10, 1-344;

98. 9. 91, 1-99 ; 99. 4. 4, 1-103.]

A valuable addition to the Museum collection, as there were scarcely
any Canadian birds in the series of North American species.

2 examples of Nuttall's Goat-suckers (Fhal»noptilus nuttallt) from
California. Presented. [1904. 8. 10, 1-2.]

Flower (Capt. Stanley S.).

See RoTAL Siamese Museum.
38 birds from Siam. Presented. [98. 10. 30, 11-20 ; 99. 1. 12, 1-9 ;

99. 8. 10, 1-19] (c/. Flower, Ibis, 1898, pp. 319-327).

A new Grakle was named by me Stumopastor floweri, \^Cf, Bull.
B.O.C., vii., p. xvii., 1897.]

22 birds from the White Nile. Presented. [1900. 8. 30, 1-22.]

A female Ostrich from the neighbourhood of Khartum. Presented.
[1903.11.30,1.]

A son of the late Sir William Flower, Director of the Natural History
Museum. Captain Flower is now the Director of the Zoological Gardens
at Ghizeh in Egypt.

" Flying Fish " (Voyage H.M.S.).
See Macleab, Admiral.

Forbes (H. O.), LL.D,, Beader in Ethnology at the University
of Liverpool.
See Bbitibh Assogiatiok; Gerrard, E. ; Janbon, 0.; Ogxlyie-
Grant, W. R.

10 specimens from the Tenimber Islands and Sumatra. Presented.
[84. 5. 10, 1-10.]

6 specimens of Aims superdliosa from Lake Wakolo, Burn. Presented.
[84.6.2,1-6.]

5 specimens of Hirundo gutturdlis from Kajeli, Burn. Presented.
[84. 7. 30. 5-9.]

68 specimens from the interior of British New Guinea, including
the types of 4 new species, Rhectes meridionaHs^ Melirrhopetes haiesi^
Fseudogerygone cinereicepSf RaUicvla forbeai ; and 7 species new to the
collection. Purchased. [88- 3. 24, 1-52 ; 88. 4. 4, 1-13 ; 88. 6. 19, 1-3.]

25 birds from the New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. Presented.
[94. 2. 20, 1-20; 94. 4. 18, 1-5.]

In this series was the type of a new Fruit Pigeon {Carpophaga

Birds. 353

chaihamioa^ Forbes, Nature, vol. xlvi., p. 262, 1892, = C, chathamensis^
Rothschild, P.Z.S^ 1891, p. 312, pi. xxviii.).

133 skins and bones of birds from the Chatham Islands. Purchased.
[92. 10. 31, 1-21 ; 93. 1. 30, 1-35-78 ; 93. 6. 24, 1-16 ; 93. 12. 31, 1-6;
94.4.18,1-^; 94.5.1,1-60.]

While on the Chatham Islands a series of bones of Diaphorapteryx
and other s()ecimens of extinct forms of birds were procured and described
by Dr. Forbes, as well as examples of GahcUus modestus, the peculiar Bail
of the islands, now believed to be extinct (cf. his paper on *' The Birds of
the Chatham Islands," Ibis, 1893, pp. 521-546, pis. xiv., xv.).

After his adventurous explorations in the Tenimber Islands and other
Malayan and Papuan Islands, Dr. Forbes was for some years Director
of the Museum at Christchurch, New Zealand, and shortly after his return
to England he was appointed Director of Museums at Liverpool, where
he has done some excellent work. A recently published volume on the
Zoology of Bokotra gives an account of the expedition to that island,
which he made in company with Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant.

{Of. Forbes, " A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago,"
1885, where a complete accoimt of his early labours is published ; cf, also
Nicholson, F., on the birds collected by Mr. H. 0. Forbes in the Island
of Java, Ibis, 1881, pp. 139-156 ; in Sumatra, Ibis, 1882, pp. 51-65,
66-71; 1883, pp. 236-257, pL x.).

Forbes (W. A.).

426 specimens from Nigeria (vide infra), and his collection of Weaver-
birds (Floceidm)f eight species being new to the collection. Presented
by his executors. [84. 1. 10, 1-426.J

Forbes was the successor of (jarrod as Prosector to the Zoological
Society, and was an equally brilliant man. After a successful expedition
to Pemambuco (cf " Ibis," 1881, pp. 312-362), he made a voyage to the
Niger, where he unfortunately died — a grievous loss to science (qf, Shelley,
"Ibis," 1883, pp. 538-562; ^gialitts forhesi, n^tp., pi. xiv.). Forbes'
last journal is published in the " Ibis "" for 1883, pp. 491-637 ; 1884,
pp. 119-120.1 His collection he bequeathed to the Nation. His Per-
nambuco collections are also in the Museum, having been given by
Forbes to Dr. Sclater and to Messrs. Salvin and GMman. A complete
coUection of his memoirs, edited by Mr. F. E. Beddard, with an account
of his life by Dr. P. L. Sclater, was issued in 1885.

Foreign Office.

See N. American Boundary Commission (p. 316).

Foresman (A.).

21 birds from the Transvaal. Presented. [69. 10. 7, 1-21.]

Forrer (A.).

24 birds, including three species new to the collection, from Van-
couver Island and GalSomia. [80. 5. 5, 1-24.]

Mr. Forrer was a very good collector who travelled in Western North
America, Western Mexico, and also yisited the Tres Marias Islands. The
first series of his Mexican collections was purchased by Dr. F. D. Godman,
and is described by Messrs. Salvin and GKximan in the '' Biologia Centrali-
Americana," where Chrysomttris forreH is named after him.

Forrester (T. W.).

19 birds from Spain and other localities. Presented. [1904. 8. 8, 1-19.]
VOL. II. 2 A

354 Zoology.

Portnum (C. D. E.).

39 birds from South Australia. [42. 6. 29, 17-55.]

Poster (W.).

14 birds from Paraguay. Presented. [1902. 3. 24, 1-14.]

253 birds and 312 eggs from Sapucay, Paraguay. Purchased. [1903.

12. 22, 1-114; 1903. 12. 23, 1-139 ; 1904. 7. 26, 1-312.]

906 birds and 745 nests and eggs from Paraguay. Purchased. [1905.

10. 12, 1-906; 1905. 10. 13, 1-745.]

Pothergill {Major H.).

A skeleton of Cloephaga magdlanica. [98. 4. 7, 1.]

A specimen of Crossoptilum manchuricum, [98. 4. 14, 1.]

A young example of a Magellanic Groose (Uhloephaga magdlanica^

died in captivity. Presented. [1904. 7. 4, 1.]

Potheringham (J.).

20 birds from Darjiling. Presented. [77. 4. 21, 1-20.]

PranciB (H. F.).

9 birds from the Transvaal. Presented. [96. 2. 13, 1-9] {cf. W. L.
Sclater, Ibis, 1899, pp. 111-115).

Prank (G. A.).

143 specimens of skins and skeletons of birds from various localities.
Purchased. [45. 6. 3, 1-5 ; 45. 7. 16, 1-4 ; 46. 5. 5, 6-36 ; 49. 3. 2,
41-67 ; 66. 2. 13, 1-13; 72. 2. 10, 1-23 ; 72. 10. 4, 7-46.]

Frank was a natural history agent in Amsterdam, from whom the
Museum received many fine Mammalia and Birds. For years he received
the duplicates from the Leyden Museum, and offered the best of these
to the Trustees until the time when Count Turati began forming his
splendid Museum at Milan, when most of the birds were sold to him by
Frank, as the Count gave prices which no public Museum could afford.

Prank (G. A., jun,).

35 birds from the Comoro Islands. Purchased. [88. 5. 4, 1-35.]

177 birds* skins and si)ecimens in spirit, from Ldberia. [99. 7. 1,
1-162 ; 99. 8. 10, 23-37.]

A son of the above, who succeeded to his father's business, which was
transferred to London. After the death of Professor Schlegel, the
explorations of the Dutch Government in their East Indian Colonies
gradually ceased, and there were no more duplicates from the Leyden
Museum for disposal to our Museum.

Frank bought up many of the duplicates of the Humblot collection
from the Comoro Islands (</. Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, '* Etudes sur
les Mammif^res et les Oiseaux des lies Comores," Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2)
X., pp. 211-297, pis. iv.-ix. 1889), and the set purchased from him in 1888
contained the new genus Humblotia and twelve species unrepresented in
the national collection. Many duplicate skins and birds in spirits were
purchased from Dr. Buttikofer's Liberian collection through Frank.

Praser (Louis).

300 specimens of birds, skeletons, and eggs from Tunis. Purchased.
[46. 10. 30, 1-147 ; 47. 3. 26, 6-28 ; 47. 10. 21-10, 14-21, 25-53; 48. 1.
10, 1-22.]

Birds. 355

19 specimens from West Africa, Purchased. [61. 11. 5, 1-3 ; 51. 11.
27, 1-12 ; 5.3. 1. 26, 1-5.]

76 specimens, registered as from ''South America." [59. 1. 12,
1-19 ; 59. 4. 26, 1-13 ; 60. 6. 12, 1-4 ; 60. 11. 9, 1-13 ; 60. 12. 5, 1-19 ;
62. 1. 17, 1-7.1

Mr. Oerrard, senior, can remember Eraser as a young man employed
at the Zoological Society's Museum in Brewer Street, Golden Square.
Here he picked up his knowledge of natural history. He wrote several
papers and described various new species of birds in the " Proceedings ** of
the Zoological Society, from 1839-1845, 1850-1856. Was appointed
naturalist on board H.MS. Wilberforce in the expedition up the River
Niger, 1841-42 {cf. Allen and Thomson, " Narrative of the Expedition
to the Niger in 1841," i., p. 467, 1848 ; list of the species described, op.
cit, ii., pp. 488-508).

He was an excellent naturalist, and was &protSgi of the Earl of Derby,
who procured him a consular appointment in 1850 at Whydah, West
Ck)ast of Africa. In 1857 he was in Ecuador, collecting for Dr. Sclater
(c/ P.Z.S., 1858, pp. 449-461; 1859, pp. 135-147; 1860, pp. 73-98,
272-301).

I only remember him in his later life, when his caligraphy was
really beautiful, and he was employed by Dr. Sclater to write the labels
for the animals in the Zoological Gardens. He afterwards had a shop for
living animals at the Polytechnic in Regent Street, and I remember him
also in another small shop near TattersalFs, Knightsbridge, after which
I heard that he had gone to Cdifornia, where, 1 believe, he died.

Of. Diet Nat. Biogr., xx., p. 215.

Prere (R. T.).

28 eggs of British birds. Presented. [52. 3. 20, 1-28.]

Fry (Alexander).

947 birds from Rio de Janeiro. Presented. [95. 4. 1, 1-947.]
Mr. Fry was a well-known coleopterist, and was always a good
friend to the British Museum. His collection from the neighbourhoml of
Rio de Janeiro is probably one of the most extensive ever made in that
province, and its value to the Museum can scarcely be overestimated.

Pulton (H. T.).

36 birds from Chitral. Presented. [1904. 12. 5, 1-36.]

Gaekwar of Baroda (His Highness The).

52 birds from Somali Land. Presented. [1901. 4. 20, 1-52.]
H.H. The Gaekwar is a very keen naturalist, and tiie Baroda Museum
is a feature of the country over which he rules. Dr. Donaldson Smith,
the well-known African explorer, made an expedition into Somali Land
on behalf of the Gaekwar, who kindly allow^ the British Museum to
take any specimens of interest for the National Collection. The results of
the expedition were described by me in the " Proceedings of the Zoological
Society*' (1901, vol. ii., pp. 298-316), and a new Warbler {Camaroptera
fjaekxvari) was named after His Highness the Gaekwar.

Galton (Sir Francis).

34 birds from the 5th Cataract of the Nile. Presented. [49. 2. 8,
1-34.]

2 A 2

356 Zoology.

Oatke (Heinbich).

4 birds from Heligoland, mounted by himself and presented. [76. 10.
17, 4-17.]

In company with the late Henry Seebohm' and Mr. Frank Nicholson,
of Manchester, I visited Heligoland in 1876, and shared with them
those wonderful experiences which Seebohm has so graphically described
in his books.

G&tke was undoubtedly one of the grandest-looking old men I have
ever seen, with the exception of Edward filyth, who resembled him in his
leonine appearance. He had resided in Heligoland for many years, and
was an accompUshed marine painter. Around his studio he had arranged
his collection of birds, all mounted by himself, and mostly firsL-rate
specimens. Several White's Thrushes {Oreoeichkk varia) and other
migrants to this wonderful island resting-place were mounted in glass
cases. Unfortunately the studio was lighted from the top, and the
windows being unprotected by blinds, ana exposed to the sun of every
North Sea sununer, the most lamentable exhibition of damage by light
which it has ever been my lot to behold ensued in Gatke's studio.
Specimens of unique and priceless value were bleached almost beyond
recognition, and 1 was not sorry that SeebohmV negotiations for the
purchase of the Gatke collection fell to the ground. His intention was
to buy the collection (after the surrender of the island to Germany) and
present it to ihe British Museum, providing for it a special case, in order
to teach the public what the migration of birds to one isolated spot really
meant. Considering the faded condition of the specimens, I was decidedly
glad that Seebohm's generous offer (far beyond the actual value of
the collection) was refused, and that the German Government, in a proper
patriotic spirit, decided that the Gatke collection should not be trans-
ferred to this country.

{Cf, Gatke, ** Vogelkarte Helgolands," 1891, 8vo, pp. 1-609. English
translation by Ros^tock, Edinburgh and London, 8vo, pp. x and
599, illustrated. Cf, also Seebohm, Ibis, 1892, pp. 1-32 ; Gordeaux,
Ibis, 1875, pp. 172-188. Obituary Notice, Ibis, 1897, pp. 291-
294).

Gaumer (Dr. G. F.).

Collected in Yucatan, and on the islands of the Bay of Honduras (cf,
Lawrence Salvin, Ibis, 1888, pp. 241-265; 1889, pp. 359-379; 1890,
pp. 84-95).

Geale (F.).

10 specimens from Prince's Island, Bight of Biafra. Purchased.
[66. 7. 20, 1-lO.J

lliese birds were duplicates from Dr. Dohm's collection (c^. P.Z.S.
1866, pp. 324-332, pi. xxx.). They were prepared by J. G. Keulemans,
who as a boy accompanied Dr. Dohm in his expedition to the Cape
Verde Islands and West Africa.

21 specimens from Mexico. Purchased. [66. 12, 21, 1-21.]

Geale was assistant to Hugh Cuming, and carried on the business
after the death of the last-named naturalist. When I knew him he had
a shop in Drury Lane. I purchased the Kingfishers from the Dohm
collection, and this was my first experience (as a boy) of the high
prices it was possible to pay for bird-skins, when necessary for my
Monograph of the Alcedinidm !

Birds. 357

Oedge (Ebnbst).

10 specimens from Uganda, including the type of Francolinus gedgeiy
Grant, "Ibis," 1891, p. 124; Sharpe, "Ibis," 1892, p. 561, pi. xiv.
Presented. [93. 12. 1, 46 ; 94. 2. 24, 1-9.]

Genoa Mnseum (Director, Profesaor Rafabllo Gestbo).

2 specimens from Papuasia, new to the collection. Received in
exchange. [76. 7. 18, 1, 2.]

6 specimens from the Arfak Mts. in N.W. New Guinea, including
three species new to the Museum. [82. 5. 30, 2-7.]

26 specimens from South-eastern New Guioea, collected by the
Marquis L. Loria. Purchased. [97. 8. 29, 1-26.]

9 species new to the collection, 4 specimens being co-types (^. Salva-
dori, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genoa, (2), xvi., pp. 55-120, 1896).

Oerrard (Edwabd, jun.).

44 specimens from Chile, collected by Mr. E. C. Reed, of Santiago.

Purchased. [71.6.28,1-44.]

60 specimens from Panama. Purchased. [72. 2. 8, 1-60.]
15 specimens from Ecuador. Purchased. [72. 5. 27, 25-39.]

3 specimens of Oreotrochilus chimborazo from Ecuador and 24 birds
from the Rio Negro and Patagonia (c/. Sclater, P.Z.S., 1872, pp. 534-550,
pL xxxi). Purchased. [72. 5. 28, 1-27.]

58 specimens from Costa Rica. Purchased. [72. 5. 29, 1-58.]

11 specimens from Jalapa collectod by M. de Oca. Purchased.
[72. 10. 25, 15-25.1

11 specimens from South America. Purchased. [72. 10. 28, 1-6 ;
72. IL 23, 2-6.]

56 specimens from Bogos-Land collected by Mr. Esler [g.v.]. Pur-
chased. [73. 2. 25, 1-41 ; 74. 11. 13, 4-15.]

12 birds from Yarkand. These specimens are the tjrpes of the new
species described by Mr. A. 0. Hume iu the ** Ibis" for 1871, pp. 407-411 ;
they were collected by Dr. G. Henderson (cf. Henderson and Hume,
" Lahore to Yarkand ")• [73. 6. 30, 1-12.]

15 birds from the Southern Und Mountains collected by Dr. Strader.
These birds were received from the Moscow Museum by Jamrach, who
sold them to Gerrard. Purchased. [73. 7. 2, 1-15.]

89 specimens of Hawks and Owls from various localities. Purchased.
[73. 8. 20, 1-42 ; 73. 10. 31, 2-24 ; 74. 1. 10, 1-4 ; 74. 4. 29, 3-19.]

12 specimens, one new to the collection, from the Interior of Queens-
land, collected by J. B. White (c/. Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1875, pp. 337-339).
Purchased. [75.4.19,1-12.]

43 specimens, including the type of Falco brookei, from Sardinia,
collected by the late A. Basil Brooke. Purchased. [75. 5. 1, 6-48.]

93 specimens from various localities, 3 new to the collection. Pur-
chased. [76. 1. 4, 1-6 ; 76. 1. 31, 1-62 ; 76. 9. 18, 1-6 ; 77. 5. 31, 1-29.]

25 specimens from Ceylon, including Bubo pectoralis, new to the
collection, collected by A. Whyte. Purchased. [77. 11. 9, 1-25.]

10 specimens, adding four species not previously represented in the
collection, from Duke of York Island and New Britain, collected by the
Rev. G. Brown. Purchased. [78. 3. 14, 1-10.]

4 specimens, including Micrceca papuana, new to the collection, from
New Guinea, duplicates from the celebrated expedition of Dr. A. B. Meyer.
Purchased. [78.4.27,1-4.]

358 Zoology.

15 BpecimenB from N.W. Borneo collected by the late Grovemor H. T.
Ussher. Purchased. [78. 5. 3, 1-15.]

50 specimens from Colombia collected by the late T. E. Salmon.
Purchased. [78.9.30,2-51.]

These consisted of a few species required by the Museum at the time, but
the bulk of this excellent collector's specimens passed into the hands of
Messrs. Salvin \aid Godman, and Dr. Sclater. With the acquisition of these
great collections, the British Museum possesses nearly the entire results of
Salmon's work in Antioquia. 468 species were obtained by him, and his
collections were described in 1879 by Dr. Sclater and Mr. Osbert Salvin in
their paper, *' On the Birds collected by the late Mr. T. E. Salmon in the
State of Antioquia, United States of Colombia" (P.Z.S., 1879, pp. 486-
Q50, pis. xli.-xliii.). The collection was especially rich in eggs, many of
which were figured for the first time. Several new species were desciibed :
Cyphorhintis dichrotu (pi. xli.), Buarremon elmoproras^ Auiomolus igndbiliSf
(frallaria ru/ocinereOf and Brachygalba salmoni, AH the types of these
species are now in the British Museum.

4 specimens, two new to the collection, from the Arfak Mountains.
Purchased. [78.10.23,1-4.]

10 specimens from Angola collected by Mr. A. S. Heath. Purchased.
[78. 10. 23, 5-14.] (See Sharpe, R. Bowdler.)

Heath was a clever young man who succeeded to an excellent business
as a solicitor, built up by years of labour by his father. He wo\ild not
stick to the drudgery of a city life, and wanted to go abroad and collect
specimens for the Museum, but 22 skins were all that we ever received
from him.

40 birds from the Pelew Islands collected by Mr. Cohen. Purchased.
[78. 10. 29, 1-40.]

I do not know who Mr. Cohen was, but his collection was purchased
by Gerrard and offered to the Museum, whereby we obtained a number
of interesting species, of which twelve were new to the national collection.

11 specimens, of which 6 species were new to the national collection,
from the Molucca islands. Purchased. [78. 11. 12, 1-11.]

25 specimens of Passerine birds, including 10 species new to the
collection, from India and Burma. Purchased. [79. 2. 4, 1-25.]

69 specimens, including 16 species new to the collection, trom the
neighbourhood of Port Moresby, in British New Guinea, collected by
Mr. Eendal Broadbent. Purchased. [79. 3. 6, 1-69.]

This collection wns described by me in the " Journal " of the Linnean
Society (Zool., xiv., pp. 626-634, 1879). I had named, in April 1879, two
new species as Pcecilodrtfos flavicincta and Aprosmictus hroadbenti^ in the
" Annals and Magazine of Natural History," 1879, p. 313. Mr. Broadbent
had, however, sent specimens to the Sydney Museum, and Mr. E. P.
Bamsay described the same species as Aprosmictus chloropterus and
Fcecilodryas placenSf so that my names were prc-occupicd.

58 bones of the extinct Goose, Cnemioniis calcitrans. Purchased.
[79. 3. 11, 1-58.]

36 birds, one species new to the collection, from Borneo and the
Philippines, collected by Harold Everett Purchased. [79. 5. 3, 1-36.]

20 specimens from Burma, Central and South America, containing one
species new to the collection. Purchased. [80. 9. 13, 1-20.]

43 specimens, including types of three newly-described species and
nine new to the national collection, from S.E. New Guinea, collected by
C. Hunstein (c/. Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. N. H. (5), vi., pp. 231, 232, 1880).
Purchased. [^0. 9. 13, 21-63.]

Birds. 359

293 birds and 108 skeletoDS from the Ejrton collection. Purchased.
[80. 12. 31, 1-88 ; 81. 1. 17, 1-108 ; 81. 2. 18, 1-205.]

To the importance of the Eyton collection, with its 71 types of
ancient species and seven new to the collection, I have already referred.
The skeletons, being the specimens on which his *' Osteologia Avium "
was founded, were also a most desirable acquisition.

6 specimens from Australia, collected by A. P. Gkx)dwin, and two
from SJl. New Guinea, collected by A. Goldie. Purchased. [81. 3. 15,
1-8.]

100 specimens from New Britain and Duke of York Island, collected
by the Rev. G. Brown (c/. Sclater, P.Z.S., 1879, pp. 446-451, pis. xxxvi.
and xxxvii., and 1880, pp. 65-67, pis. vL-viii.). Purchased. [81. 3. 29,
1-100.]

This collection contains 8 types of birds described as new to science
by Dr. Sclater and 21 species hitherto unrepresented in the national
collection.

11 birds from Borneo. Three species from the Lawas river, collected
by Sir W. H. Treacher, were new to the collection. Purchased. [81. 4. 21,
1-11.]

4 birds from S.E. New Guinea. Purchased. [81. 4. 22, 1-4.]

17 birds from the Gold Coast, collected by the late Governor Ussher.
Purchased. [81. 9. 24, 1- J 7.]

This is a fragment only of the great collection of birds made by
Crovemor Ussher before his death. Ho was keenly interested in the
natural history of the colony over which be ruled, and shortly before
his death I received letters from him announcing his return to England
with the largest collection of birds he had ever made, with rare species
like Picathartes gymnocepkalus and many other apparent novelties from
the interior of the Grold Coast. He had also made a special study of the
game-birds from the Accra district, and believed that ne had obtained a
complete series of these birds. What became of this collection, of which
there must have been several cases, was never actually discovered, but a
few seem to have found their way to England and to have come ultimately
into Garrard's hands. One of these specimens threw me off my guard
on this occasion, and I described a pale moulting bird which looked like a
Flycatcher as Musdcapa ussheri. It turned out to be a Garden Warbler
{Sylvia simplex) !

45 birds from various localities. Purchased. [81. 11. 5, 1-45.]

55 birds from Sikhim and other parts of the Indian Empire. Pur-
chased. [81.12.28,3-57.]

These were duplicates from the Hume collection sent home by Mr.
Hume for disposal or for exchange. Many of these skins were of the
utmost service to me in the preparation of the " Catalogue of Birds," as
of course at that time I had no idea that four years later Mr. Hume
was going to present his wonderful collection to the Museum.

132 birds from South-eastern New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. Groldie.
Purchased. [82. 3. 5, 1-5 ; 82. 3. 8, 1-121 ; 83. 6. 5, 1-6.]

These collections contained 33 species not previously represented in
the Museum, eleven of tbem being new. I described the collection in
the Linnean Society's "Journal" (vol. xvi., pp. 317-319, 422-447).
Among the novelties were such fine birds as Trichoglosstu goldieiy
jEthamyias ffuttata, Eupetes pulcheTf Munia grandis, Phonygama hiun-
steiniy and Ptilcrkis intercedeiis,

14 birds from the west coast of Sumatra, collected by Di\ von Faber.
Purchased. [82.7.24,1-14.]

360 Zoology.

51G specimens from the Jardine collection. Purchased. [86. 6. 24,
1-516.]

lliis important collection, full of historical specimens, was dispersed
by auction in London after Sir William Jardine's death. 1 did my best
to identify the type-specimens as the collection lay in a crowded auction
room, and eventually the Museum secured twenty-five of the most impor-
tant ones, but some were puixihased over our heads. The fate of this
most interesting collection is one of the saddest memories 1 have. The
printed catalogue was simply ridiculous, for if 1 remember rightly it
recorded the types of Linnean species like the Peregrine Fidcon and the
Common Swift, and the collection ought to have fetched more thousands
of pounds than it did hundreds. The Museum did not get half what we
wanted, and one of the things I most regret was the series of South
African species, which included a set of Sir Andrew Smith's skins.
There were many beautiful skins of Bustards, and I felt the want of these
when I was writing the "Catalogue of Birds." I fear that the bid
ofiered by the Museum was ouSone by someone who wanted the
specimens for fly-fishing !

54 birds from N.W. Borneo, collected by A. H. Everett, including the
type of Carpophaga everetti from Mantanani Island. Purchased. [SS. 8.
13, 1-54.]

40 skins from Eashgar and Yarkand, collected by the Rev. Dr.
Landsdell. Purchased. [89. 7. 3, 1-26; 89. 7. 30, 1-14.]

235 specimens from the Baram Province of Sarawak, collected by Dr.
Charles Hose, the Resident of Baram. Purchased. [89. 1. 17, 1-21;
89. 7. 31, 1-14; 89. 9. 21, 1-13; 90. 2. 1, 1-13; 92. 4. 29, 1-51; 92. 8.
25, 1-50 ; 94. 2. 2, 1-21 ; 94. 6. 26, 1-21 ; 1900. 9. 1, 1-31.1

This collection, which was made by Dr. Hose on Mounts Dulit,
Mulu, and Kalulong, contains the types of the descriptions given in
the " Ibis " for 1892, pp. 322-324, and Bull. Brit. Om. Club, i., pp. 4
and 5 (1892).

11 birds from Madagascar, collected by A. Majastre. Purchased.
[89. 9. 5, 1-11.]

100 specimens from Labuan and Mount Penrisen, N. W. Borneo,
collected by A. H. Everett and Dr. C. Hose. This collection includes the
type of Siphia everetti and 9 species new to the collection. Purchased.
[90. 6. 14, 1-100.]

447 specimeus from Captain Savile G. Reid's collection. Purchased.
[92. 5. 6, 1-447.]

This collection, which was principally from Bermuda and Natal, forms
part of the material on which Captain Reid's " Birds of the Bermudas,"
and Butler, Feilden and Reid's '* Ornithological Notes from Natal," were
based {cf. ** Zoologist," 1877, pp. 393-424, 478-493 ; op. ciL, 1882, pp. 165-
171, 204-212, 243-258, 297-303, 335-345, 423-429, 460).

230 specimens from the mountains of N.W. Borneo, principally from
Mount E:ina Balu, collected by A. H. Everett. Purchased. [92. 10. 30,
1-118 ; 93. 6. 22, 1-23 ; 95. 1. 26, 1-7 ; 95. 11. 19, 1-82.]

These collections contained several species new to the Museum, and
types of two undescribed species, Scops mantananenns and Arachnoihera
everetti.

34 bones of Dinomia and Edrpagomis from Omeru, New Zealand,
from Dr. Forbes' collection. Purchased. [93. 1. 30, 1-34.]

65 birds from the Sulu Archipelago collected by Mr. A. H. Everett.
Purchased. [94.4.20,1-52.]

This collection, containing 4 types of species new to science and 5

Birds. 361

not previously represented in the national collection, was described in
the ** Ibis " for 1894, pp. 238-259, pis. vi. and viL

5 eggs of Apteryx australU from South Island, New Zealand.
Purchased. [94.11.20,1-6.]

27 birds from N. Mindoro, collected by A. H. Everett. Purchased.
[95. 6. 13, 1-27.]

66 birds from Zululand, collected by Messrs. R. B. and J. S. D.
Woodward. Purchased. [96.4.17,1-66.]

Includes the type of Stactolmma woodwardiCcf. '* Ibis," 1897, pp. 400-
422, pi. X., 1898, pp. 216-231).

74 specimens from S. Celebes, Bonthain Peak, Mount KinaBalu, etc.,
collected by A. H. Everett. Purchased. [96. 6. 10, 1-72.] In this
collection there were 5 species new to theMusemn.

21 Kingfishers for the Public Gallery. Purchased. [96. 6. 11, 1-21.]

32 specimens from Djampea Island, collected by Mr. A. H. Everett
Purchased. [96.10.3,1-32.]

11 species new to the collection (c^. Hartert, Nov. ZooL, iii., pp.
165-183).

6 birds from Mount Victoria. Purchased. [96. 10. 4, 1-6.]

6 specimens of Prionodura newtaniana, from N. Queensland, collected
byW.S. Day. Purchased. [96.11.24,1-6.]

23 specimens firom the Talaut Islands. Purchased. [97. 5. 12, 1-23.]

20 mounted specimens of Pigeons, for the Exhibition Gbdlery.
Purchased. [97.10.14,1-20.]

488 birds and eggs from the Lesser Sunda Islands (Savu, Flores,
Sumbawa, Lombok, Bali, etc), collected by Mr. Alfred Everett. Purchased.
[97. 11. 1, 1-136; 98. 5. 4, 1-125; 98. 6. 30, 1-39; 98. 12. 5, 1-56; 98.
12. 6, 1-6; 98. 12. 7, 1-15; 98. 12. 7, 18-25; 98. 12. 8, 1-90; 98. 12.
9, 1-13.1

135 birds from N. Celebes, collected by Dr. Charles Hose. Purchased.
[97. 12. 14, 1-104; 97. 12. 24, 1-31.]

The collection of birds made by Dr. Hose in the mountains of N.
Celebes is described by him (Ornis xii., pp. 77-117 (1903) V

118 birds from Goodenough and Ferguson Islands and from St. Aignan
in the Louisiade Archipelago, collected by A. S. Meek. Purchased. [98.
4. 30, 1-93 ; 98. 6. 28, 1-25.] This collection contained 7 species new to
the Museum.

36 specimens from the Owen Stanley Mountains in British New
Guinea. Purchased. [98. 11. 20, 1-24; 98. 12. 4, 1-12.]

92 skeletons. Purchased. [98. 12. 3, 3-94.]

37 birds from Borneo, collected by Mr. T. Waterstradt. Purchased.
[98. 12. 10, 1-37.]

118 specimens from S.E. New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. S. Meek.
Purchased. [99. 5. 17, 1-56 ; 99. 5. 20, 1-21 ; 1900. 2. 7, 1-41.]

45 birds from Cape York, N. Queensland, collected by A. S. Meek.
Purchased. [99.6.21,1-45.]

21 birds from Basilan,Philippme Islands. Purchased. [99.5.22,1-21.]

12 specimens from New Guinea. Purchased. [99. 5. 23, 1-12.]

51 specimens from Mt. Mada, in the Island of Bum in the Moluccas,
and 45 specimens from Morotai Island, collected by A. H. Everett.
Purchased. [99. 5. 24, 1-40 ; 1900. 2. 8, 1-45 ; 1900. 3. 24, 1-11.1
21 birds from S.E. New Guinea. Purchased. [99. 8. 17, 1-21.]
143 birds and eggs from the Island of Hainan, collected by Mr. John
Whitehead. Purchased. [99. 1. 2, 19-162.] Including the types of
7 n)ecies new to science (cf. Grant, P.Z.S., 1900, pp. 457-504, pis. xxxiii.
and xxxiv.).

362 Zoology.

56 skeletons of birds, skulls, etc. [1900. 7. 6, 1-56.]

26 eggs from St. Aignan Island in the Louisiade Archipelago, and
41 birds from the Solomon Islands, collected by Mr. A. S. Meek. Pur-
chased. [1900. 8. 1, 1-26; 1901. 11. 5, 1-41.1

32 mounted Birds of Paradise, for the Exhibition GraUery. Pur-
chased. [1901.1.12,1-32.]^

48 specimens from Batchian Island in the Moluccas, collected by
Mr. Heinrich Kuhn. Purchased. [1901. 10. 5, 1-48.]

32 specimens from Nyasaland, collected by Mr. Brown. Purchased.
[1901. 11. 6, 1-32.]

29 birds, collected in Pahang, Malay Peninsula, by Mr. John Water-
stradt. Purchased. [1903. 5. 1, 1-29.] Included a specimen of ChaUui^s
inopinatusy the new species of Peacock-Pheasant described by the Hon.
Walter Rothschild.

56 birds from Batchian and the Obi Islands in the Moluccas, collected
by Mr. John Waterstradt. Purchased. [1903. 6. 2, 1-56.]

19 birds from the Solomon Islands, collected by Mr. A. S. Meek.
Purchased. [1903. 6. 3, 1-19.]

44 birds from New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. S. Meek. Purchased.
[1904. 4. 19, 1-44.1

24 birds from the Malay Archipelago. Purchased. [1904.4.23,1-24.]

27 birds from Batjan, collected by H. Kuhn. Purchased. [1904.
5. 4, 1-27.]

12 birds from Mount Madang, Moluccas. Purchased. [1904.5.6,1-12.]

11 birds from Sarawak. Purchased. [1904. 6. 30, 1-11.]

21 birds from the Solomon Islaods, including three species new to the
collection, collected by A. S. Meek. Purchased. [1904. 6. 9, 1-21.]

35 birds from the Solomon Islands, collected by Mr. A. S. Meek. Pur-
chased. [1904.7.11,1-35.]

37 birds from the Philippine Islands and Solomon Islands. Purchased.
[1904. 7. 13, 1-37.]

180 birds from the Camaroons, collected by G. L. Bates, Esq. Pur-
chased. [1904.7.18,1-180.]

16 birds from Solomon Islands, collected by Mr. A. S. Meek. Pur-
chased. [1904.11.16,1-16.]

592 birds from the Uganda Protectorate, duplicates from Mr. Jackson*s
collection. Purchased. [1904. 11. 20, 1-592.]

265 birds from Efuler, Camaroons, and River Ja, collected by G. L.
Bates, Esq. Purchased. [1906. 1. 24, 1-265.]

230 birds from Sierra Leone. Collected by Robin Kemp, Esq.
Purchased. [1905.1.25,1-230.]

427 eggs from Uganda, duplicates from Mr. Jackson's collection.
Purchased. [1905. 9. 15, 1-427.]

27 birds and 10 eggs from the Solomon Islands, collected by Mr.
A. S. Meek. Purchased. [1905.11.25,1-37.]

450 birds from Somaliland, collected by Mr. G. W. Bury. Purchased.
[1905. 11. 27, 1-253; 1905. 12, 23, 1-197].

236 birds from Mindanao, collected by Mr. Walter Goodfellow.
Purchased. [1905. 11. 26, 1-236.]

Mr. Edward Gerrard has been for the last thirty-five years a natural
history agent and taxidermist, to whom the Museum has entrusted its
most valuable commissions and its most important work. He is the son
of Mr. Edward Gerrard, sen., whose honourable career in the British
Museum is one of the longest on record in that Institution.

This old gentleman, beloved and respected by every one of us in the
Museum, has not long retired from the service. When the Zoological

Birds. 363

Society transferrod its offices to Leicester Square, he entered its employ on
the same day as the late Mr. G. R. Waterhouse, and assisted in arranging
the Museum and making skeletons for the latter. Dr. J. E. Gray often
visited the Society's Museum, and ultimately wrote to Mr. Gerrard
offering him a post in the British Museum. HoAs he accepted, entering
the service in April 1841, when Sir Henry Ellis was the Principal
Librarian, and the national collection was stored in Montague House^
Bloomsbury. Here the collections were arranged in the various rooms
in cases standing along the centre, after the manner of the present Bird
Gallery at South Kensington. He witnessed the demolition of this
historic building and the gradual development of the great British
Museum at Bloomsbury imder Panizzi, as well as the ultimate removal of
the natural history collections to their present home in the Museum in the
Cromwell Road. His early duties consisted in assisting Dr. Gray in the
arrangement of the old British Museimi, and especially looking after the
oollectionB of Mammalia, Reptiles and Fish, and keeping the registers.
Mr. Gerrard, sen., is still hale and hearty at the age of 95.

Oestro (Pbop. R.).

See Gbkoa Museum.

Getting (B. H. F.).

35 birds from British Guiana. Purchased. [97. 10. 16, 5-39.]

Oibson (Ebnest).

114 birds from Argentina. Presented. [1903. 12. 18, 1-114.]
This collection has been described in the " Ibis " for 1879 and 1880.

Oifford {Lord).

29 birds from Tibet. Presented. [51. 7. 2, 1-29.] The types of
Syrrhaptes tihetanus and Monti/ringUla hmmcUopvgia {cf. Gould, P.Z.S.,
1850, p. 92 ; 1851, p. 115) are included in this collection.

Lord GiSbrd was the elder brother of the celebrated 9th Marquis of
Tweeddale (j.v.).

Oiglioli {Profesgar H. H.), Director of the Bayal Museum of
Natural History at Florence,
40 birds from Italy. Presented. [84. 7. 12, 1-25; 86. 12. 28, 1-15.]
Dr. Giglioli has done a great work in forming a museum of the

animals indigenous to the Italian Peninsula and islands.

He has written some important works on Italian Ornithology.

Gillespie (F.).

A specimen of the St. Helena Sand-Plover (uEffialitis sancta-helena)
and two eggs. Presented. [79. 6. 10, 1-3.]

GiUett (Fred.).

98 birds from Somali Land. Presented. [96. 4. 18, 1-98.]
31 birds from Persia. Presented. [96. 12. 21, 1-31.]
Mr. Gillett accompanied Dr. Donaldson Smith on his first celebrated
expedition to Lake Rudolf, but was summoned home on the death of his
father, and was not able to go the entire journey. He afterwards imder-
took an expedition into Persia by himself. Both collections given by
him to the Museum contained specimens of much interest.

Gladstone (Hugh E.).

8 specimens of Black Game in changes of plumage, from Dumfries-
shire. Presented. [1902. 9. 2, 1-8.]

33 nestlings and embryos of various birds. Presented. [1903.7.31,1-33.]

364 Zoology.

4 specimens, Black Gkime and Red Grouse, Pheasants, etc. Presented.
[1903. 8. 6, 1; 1903. 11. 27, 1-2; 1904. 2. 2, 1.]

5 egpfi of Bed Gronse from Dumfriesshire. Presented. [1905. 5.
13, 1-5.J

A nestling of the Red-necked Phalarope (Fhalaropus hyperoreui) from
Behnullet, Go. Mayo. Presented. [1905. 7. 21, 1.]

Olazner (C).

142 birds from Cyprus. Purchased. [1901. 8. 20, 1-22 ; 1902. 8. 2,

1-40; 1902. 19. 6, 1-51 ; 1903. 7. 5, 1-29.]

30 birds from Cyprus. Purchased. [1904. 4. 18, 1-30.]

Mr. Glazner has made several interesting collections in Cyprus, and

discovered some new species in the island. The Museum has received

from him a good series of Farus Cypriotes^ Pisorhina cypria^ Qarrulus

gUusnerif and other rare birds.

OlOBSOp (Commander John C. T.).

9 eggs from the Campbell Islands. Presented. [1904. 10. 18, 1-9.]
OodefEtoy Bros.

131 birds from the Pacific Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago.
Purchased. [77. 11. 17, 1-52 ; 78. 10. 23, 17-28; 79. 6. 2, 1-4 ; 8L 11.
22, 1-11; 82. 7. 5, 1-30; 82. 8. 19, 1-21.]

This well-known firm of Hambiu'g merchants employed a number of
collectors in their service, of whom the most celebrated were Andrew
Gkirratt, Eubary, Eleinschmidt, and others whose names are household
words among ornithologists. Although the collections of fishes came to
the British Museum (see Report on Fish Gollectious), only a few duplicates
of birds reached England, out there were some very rare species among
them, 26 being previously unrepresented in the national collection.

Oodman (Frederic Du Cane), D.C.L., F.B.8.

Trustee of the British Museum.

[See also Salyin, Osbbrt.]

N.B. — 1 have not separated the names of these two distinguished
naturalists as donors to the British Museum. Mr. Salvin's name will
always be associated with that of Dr. F. D. Godman, and in my notes I
have pointed out where the donations were jointly made.

8 birds from the Azores. Presented. [78. 7. 30, 5-12.]

These were a few duplicates from his Azorean collection, and added
4 species to the Museum, including a specimen of the new Bullfinch
(Pyrrhula mwrind) discovered by him. This species is now nearly extinot.
It was at one time so common that it descended in large numbors on the
fruitrgardens and did great damage. Unfortunately, in suppressing its
ravages the species has been all but wiped out.

1914 specimens from various parts of the Old World. Presented by
Messrs. Salvin and Godman. [79. 4. 5, 1-1858; 75. 4. 15, 1-50;
83. 4. 21, 1-6.]

This is a veiy interesting and historical collection, adding 4 species
new to the collection and the type of a species new to science; it
proved a welcome gift to the Museum, which at that time possessed
a very poor collection of Palasarctic birds. There were numbers of
interesting specimens procured by well-known naturalists in different
parts of Europe. Included in this donation were birds from Northern
Norway, obtained by Dr. F. D. Godman and his brother, Mr. Percy GK)dman
(c/. «' Notes on the Birds observed at Bodo," " Ibis," 1861, p. 77), and the
birds collected in Tunis by Mr. Osbert Salvin (<f. ** Birds'-nesting in the
Eastern Atlas," " Ibis," 1859, pp. 174, 302, 352). There were also numbers

Birds. 365

of interesting specimens obtained from other collectors, such as those from
Palestine (Canon TrUtram), Turkey (T. Rdbson), Asia Minor (C. G,
Danford)y China (Constd 8w%nhoe\ Natal (T. Ayr€s\ and many others.

To the ornithologist, however, there will always occur the interest
surrounding the British specimens which were acquired by the donors
during their school and college days, Mr. Salvin's being mostly collected
around Finchley and Hampstead, while Dr. Godman's were chiefly obtained
in the neighbourhood of Park Hatch, the family seat near Godalming.

In this Palaearctic collection were likewise all the specimens obtained by
Dr. F. D. Godman and Mr. Percy GKxlman in the Azores, including the
types of Pyrrhula murina (cf. " Ibis," 1866, pp. 88, 109 ; also Dr.
Godman's work, '* The Azores," 1870), as well as the series of birds
obtained in Madeira and the Canaries, with the types of the new Pigeon
discovered by Dr. Godman and named by him Cdumba boUei (ef. his
paper, ** Notes on the Resident and Migratory Birds of Madeira and the
Caniies,'' "Ibis," 1872, pp. 156-177, 209-224).

3 yoxmg specimens of the Australian Cassowary (Cdsuarius amtralis).
Presented. [80. 3. 24, 1-3.]

These formed part of the Cockerell Collection, which was preseuted iu
the next year.

1394 specimens from various parts of Australia. Presented. [81. 11. 7,
1-1315 ; 81. 13. 7, 1-38 ; 81. 12. 9, 1-41.]

This was the celebrated Cockerell Collection. It was supposed to
contain several new species, but these invariably turned out to be well-
known forms from the Am Islands, where Mr. Cockerell ¥ras said to
have be<m engaged in the pearl-fisheries. Whether this fiasco was due
to the representations of the collector himself or to his agent in
England will never be known, but the result was that the collection,
badly labelled in the first place, was purchased by Dr. Godman under the
idea that it contained several undescribed species of Australian birds,
whereas there was not a single new species to be described. The preser-
vation of the skins was exceUent, and to the Museum, possessed of but few
Australian birds, its worth was inestimable. Most of the specimens were
undoubtedly from the neighbourhood of Brisbane and from Cape York.

22 specimens from S.E. New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. Goldie.
[83. 4. 4, 1-22.1

Contained the types of Pa/radisea decora and Fachycephalopsis fortis.

6 specimens of birds from South America. Presented. [83. 4. 21, 1-6.]

These were Virtonida presented for the purposes of the eighth volume
of the " Catalogue of Birds." Two species, Vireo gundlacJU and IlyJophilus
muicicapiniu, were new to the collection.

3191 eggs. Presented. [84. 9. 2, 1-826; 85. 1. 1, 827-2162;
85. 4. 20, 2163-3191.]

lliis collection in a model one for all oologists. The volumes which
accompany the donation contain the records of the various expeditions,
donations, and exchanges by which the collection was built up, and they
f^ow the absolutely exact method adopted by the British school of
ornithologists in their early collecting days. This method was inaugurated
by John Wolley and Professor Newton, and can best be studied in the
two volumes of the "Ootheca WoUeyana," written by the last-named
naturalist.

The above collection, presented jointly by Dr. F. D. Godman and Mr.
Osbert Salvin, must always remain of great historical interest to British
ornithologists, as it contains the eggs collected by them in their young
days, when it was possible to obtain the eggs of Ember iza cirluH, Dendro-

366 Zoology.

copus majoTf and Gectntts viridis at Hampstead and Fincbley in places
long since built over.

52120 specimens of Nearctic and Neotropical birds. Presented.

In the year 1885 Dr. Godman and Mr. Salvin decided to present their
wonderful collection of Neotropical birds to the nation. The first instal-
ments were received in January of that year, and daring my absence in
India the registration and incorporation of this great collection were
superintended by Mr. Osbert Salvin. Separate registers for the collection
were provided, to which reference is made below.

(1) 669 specimens of Twdida and Mimidm (Thrushes and Mocking-
birds). (S. G. Reg., Vol. L, pp. 1-13.) [85. 3. 2, 1-669.]

10 types and 13 species new to the Museum.

gl) 517 specimens of Parida and Troglodytida (Tits and Wrens).
. Reg., Vol. I., pp. 14-23.) [85. 3. 6, 1-517.]

18 types and 16 species new to the Museimi.

(3) 890 specimens oiMotaciUida and MniotUtida (Wagtails, Pipits, and
American Warblers). (S. G. Reg., VoL I., pp. 25-42.) [85. 3. 8, 1-890.]
15 types and 15 species new to the Museum.

g) 285 specimens of Vireonidx and Laniidm (Greenlets and Shrikes).
. Reg., Vol. L, pp. 43-48.) [85. 3. 10, 1-285.]
7 types and 20 species new to the Museum.

(5) 713 specimens of Ampdidsey Hirundinidm^ and Cmrebidm (Wax-
wings, Swallows, and American Creepers). (S. G. Reg., Vol. L, pp. 50-64.)
[85. 3. 20, 1-40 ; 85. 3. 24, 1-209; 85. 4. 1, 1-364.]

4 types and 4 species new to the Museum.

(6) 1814 specimens of Tanagrida (Tanagers). (S. G. Reg., Vol. I.,
pp. 66-104.) [85. 6. 4, 1-653 ; 85. 6. 7, 1-717 ; 85. 6. 8, 1-454.]

41 types and 48 species near to the Museum.

(7) 2088 specimens of Ideridm and Fringillidm (Hang-nests and
Finches). (S. G. Reg., Vol. I., pp. 107-120, 122-148.) [85. 11. 2, 1-694 ;
85.12.14,1-1394.]

19 types and 19 species new to the Museum.

(8) 1073 specimens from the islands off the coast of Yucatan and
Honduras (Gozumel, Jolbox, Ruatan, Meco, and Bonacca). (S. G. Reg.,
Vol. I., pp. 153-173.) [86. 9. 9, 1-1073.]

2 types and 3 species new to the Museum. This collection was formed
by Dr. G. F. Gaimier, and was an exceedingly interesting one (cf. Salvin,
" Ibis," 1888, pp. 241-265 ; 1889, pp. 359-379 ; 1890, pp. 84-95 ; Salvin
and GK)dman, *' Biologia Centrali- Americana, Aves.") A small collection
from Gozumel, formed by Mr. E. G. J. De Vis, had been previously
described by Mr. Salvin O'lbis," 1885, pp. 185-194, pi. v.), when several
new species were named. These, however, were anticipated by Mr. Ridgway
in his description of the collection made during the voyage of the U.S. ship
" Albatros" (P. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vm., p. 560, 1885).

(9) 186 specimens of Corvidm (Crows, Jays, etc.). (S. G. Reg.,
Vol. I., pp. 176-179.) [87. 3. 9, 1-186.]

2 species new to the collection.

(10) 2134 specimens of Trochili (Humming-Birds). (S. G. Reg.,
Vol. I., pp. 82-222.) [87. 3. 22, 1-2134.]

17 types and 8 species new to the Museum.

(11) 1015 specimens of Accipitres (Birds of Prey). (S. G. Reg.,
Vol. II., pp. 1-201.) [87. 5. 1, 1-1015.]

9 types and 14 species new to the Museum.

(12) The Henshaw Collection, consisting of 13,326 specimens, with
3 types and 30 species new to the Museum.

Birds. 367

This fine collection was purchased and given to the British Museum
by Dr. GMman.

Many American omitholodsts have told me that they are glad
that we have the Henshaw GolTectioD in England, and the advantage to
students of Ornithology has been simply incalculable. Before this time
there could not be said to be any collection of North American birds worthy
of the name in England, but since Dr. GKxlman acquired the Henshaw
Collection we have been able to comprehend and appreciate the work of
our American colleagues in a manner before impossible, and the advantage
to the writers of the '' Catalogue of Birds " cannot be over-estimated.

An act of courtesy on the part of the authorities of the United States
National Museum deserves grateful recognition. Professor Ridgway was
permitted to devoto his time to the identification of the specimens with
Mr. Henshaw, so that the collection when it arrived was found to be not
only completely and neatly labelled, but the names attached to the species
represented the most recent conclusions of American naturalists. These
determinations have proved to be of immense advantage to English
ornithologists.

Dr. CKximan's primary object in securing the Henshaw collection was
to have a thoroughly authentic series of North American birds for com-
parison with his series from Mexico and Central America, and to further
this object he shortly afterwards purchased a set of birds from Florida,
2500 in number, collected by Mr. W. E. D. Scott.

1866 specimens of Tyrannxdm (Tyrant-birds). (S. G. Reg., Vol. II.,
pp. 27-62). [8a 1. 1, 1-1866.]

34 types and 107 species new to the Museum.

976 specimens of Cotingidm (Chatterers). (S. G. Beg., Vol. II.,
pp. 67-85). [88. 1. 20, 1-976.]

16 Types and 49 species new to the Museum.

177 specimens of ProceHanidm (Petrels). (S. G. Reg., Vol. II.,
pp. 88-91). [88. 5. 15, 1-177.]

9 Types and 16 species new to the Museum.

This is the collection on which Mr. Salvin's portion of the 25th
volume of the *' Catalogue of Birds " was based. It was got together with
an idea of publishing a Monograph of the Frocdlariidm,

325 specimens of Striges (Owls). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp. 93-99.
[88. 7. 20, 1-325.]

3 types and 6 species new to the collection.

74 specimens of Cypsdi (Swifts). S. G. Reg., Vol. 11., pp. 103, 104.
[88. 7. 30, 1-74.]

1 type and 2 species new to the Museum.

205 specimens of Caprimulgi (Night-jars). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp.
106-109. [88. 8. 1, 1-205.]

2 types and 1 species new to the Museum.

635 specimens of Pici (Woodpeckers). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp. 112-124.
[88. 8. 5, 1-635.]

5 types and 44 species new to the collection.

125 specimens of Momotidm (Mot-mots). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp.
127-129. [88. 8. 10, 1-125.]

1 type and 2 species new to the Museum.

120 specimens of Halcyones (Kingfishers). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp.
132-134. [88. 8. 16, 1-120.]

1 type and 1 species new to the collection.

309 specimens of Trogmes (Trogons). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp. 136-141.
[88. 8. 20, 1-309.]

368 Zoology.

2 types and 1 species new to the Museum.

1 14 specimens of Oalbule (Jacamars). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp. 144-146.
[88.8.2,1-114.]

1 type and 1 species new to the Musenm.

184 specimens of Buecones (Puflf-birds). S. G. Reg., Vol II., pp. 148-151.
[88.8.22,1-184.]

1 type.

224 specimens of CfucuH (Cuckoos). 8. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp. 153-157.
[88. 8. 23, 1-224.]

2 types and 3 species new to the Museum.

71 specimens of Capitonea (Barbets). S. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp. 159,
160. [88.12.20,1-71.]

3 types and 2 species new to the Museum.

208 specimens of Bhamphaatides (Toucans). S. G. Reg., Vol. II.,
pp. 162-165. [89. 1. 8, 1-208.]

1 type and 1 species new to the Museum.

538 specimens from Motto Grosso, collected by Mr. and Mrs. Herbert
Smith. 8. G. Reg., Vol. IL, pp. 166-176. [89. 1. 16, l-63a]

This was the second set of the birds procured by those truly wonderful
collectors Mr. Herbert 8mith and Mrs. I)aisy W. 8mith. The collection
formed the subject of a memoir by Prof. J. A. Allen in the " Bulletin ** of
the American Museum of Natural History, Vols. III., pp. 837-380; IV.,
pp. 331-350; V., pp. 107-158.

2 species new to the Museum.

503 specimens of Fsittaci (Parrots). (8. G. Reg., Vol. II., pp. 178-
187.) [89.1.30,1-503.]

14 types and 19 species new to the Museum.

482 specimens of Columbi/ormea (Pigeons). (8. G. Reg., Vol. IL,
pp. 189-198.) [89. 2. 12, 1-482.]
2 types and 2 species new to the Museum.

This collection consisted of Pigeons of the Old World, which had been
gathered together by Messrs. Salvin and GKnlman with a view of writing
a monograph of the Columbiformes. The working out of the *• Biologia,"
however, occupied the whole time of the authors, and left no leisure for
monographs, so that the collection of Pigeons was handed over to the
Museum to aid Count 8alvadori in writing the twenty-first volume of the
"Catalogue of Birds.''

564 Pigeons of the New Worid. (8. G. Reg., Vol II., pp. 199-209.)
[89. 4. 20, 1-564.]

10 types and 21 species new to the Museum.

845 specimens of Dendrocolaptidm (8pine-tails). (8. G. Reg., Vol. II.,
pp. 210-226.) [89. 5. 14, 1-845.]

7 types and 56 species new to the Museum.

With this collection the second volume of the Salvin-Godman Registers
concludes. Vol. III. is devoted to the Henshaw collection.

In the early part of 1889 the supplementary collections from Mexico
began to arrive in England, the result of Dr. Godman's visit to that
country in 1887. In the last-Darned year he made a special expedition to
Mexico, in which he was joined by Mr. and Mrs. Elwes, for the purpose
of exploring some of the districts on the northern frontier of the Neo-
tropical region. Besides working very hard himself, he engaged the
services of several other good collectors, among the number beii^ Mr. and
Mrs. Herbert 8mith, Mr. W. Lloyd, Manuel Trujillo, and ifi*. W. B.
Richardson. The latter was afterwards employed by Dr. GKximan for
nearly ten years in travelling through the various mountain ranges of

Birds. 369

Central America, and not only has he explored Mexico in various
directions, and visited nearly every province, but he has also collected
in San Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Honduras.

Mr. W. Lloyd worked for Dr. Gkxlman in Sonora and Chihiiahua,
Mr. and Mrs. Smith in Guerrero and the adjoining States, and Trujillo in
Vera Cruz, while at the same time Mr. F. B. Armstrong, who made most
beautiful skins, visited Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. From this collector
Dr. Gbdman also purchased a very fine series of birds from Texas,
principally from the neighbourhood of Corpus Christ! and Brownsville.

386 specimens of QaUif wines, [89. 6. 1, 1-386.] (S. G. Reg., Vol. II.,
pp. 228-236.)

8 types and 5 species new to the Museum.

Vol. IV. of the Salvin-Godman Registers is occupied with the registra-
tion of the Salvin-Godman collection, keeping pace with the later volumes
of the " Catalogue,** which contain the Rails, Herons, eta, the specimens
of which groups were sent to the Museum as they were required by
the authors. In this register, therefore, not only is the main collection
included, but also the additional material received from the Mexican
travellers.

138 specimens of Aonipitres. Supplementary collection. (S. G. Reg.,
Vol. IV., pp. 1-3.) [89. 4. 4, 1-136.]

1026 spedmeus of Formicariidm (Ant-birds). (S. G. Reg., Vol. 14,
pp. 6-25.) [89. 7. 10, 1-1026.]

21 types and 72 species new to the Museum.

260 6!3ecimens of Mctttiformes (Rails, Coots, etc.). (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV.,
pp. 27-3i.) [89. 4. 20, 1-260.]

6 types and 9 species new to the Museum.

413 specimens of Accipitres. 2nd Supplementary collection. (S. G.
Reg., VoL IV., pp. 36-42.) [90. 4. 28, 1-413.]

3 types and 4 species new to the Museum.

181 specimens of Striges (Owls). Supplementary collection. (S. G.
Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 43, 46.) [90. 5. 16, 1-181.]

442 specimens of Corvidm (Crows). Supplementary collection. (S. G.
Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 47-56.) [90. 6. 30, 1-442.]

2 species new to the Museum collection.

693 spedmens of Twrdidm. (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 66, 67.) [90.
6. 20, 1-593.]

1 species new to the Museum collection.

1206 specimeus of Troglodytidm. (S. G. Reg., VoL IV., pp. 69-92.)
[90. 12. 20, 1-1206.]

1 type and 2 species new to the Museum.

210 specimens from various islands in the West Indies, presented by
Mr. C. B. Cory. (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 94-97.) [91. 1. 26, 1-210.]

9 species new to the Museum collection.

666 specimens of Laridm (Gulls). (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 98-101,
164-171.) [91. 6. 22, 1-162 ; 91. 10. 30, 1-404.]

346 skeletons of birds. (S. G. Reg., IV., pp. 102-107.) [91. 7. 20,
1-346.]

42 specimens of German birds sent by Count von Berlepsch in
exchange. [91. 9. 20, 1-42.]

392 specimens of PartcUa (Tits, etc.). Supplementary collection.
(S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 108-115.) [91. 10. 10, 1-392.]

3 species new to the Museum.

1480 specimens of Charadriiformes (Wading-birds). (8. G. Reg.,
Vol. IV., pp. 116-144.) [91. 10, 20, 1-1480.]

VOL. JI, 2 B

370 Zoology.

2 types and 3 species new to the Museum.

336 specimens of OalUformes (Ghmie-birda). (S. G. Reg., IV., pp.
145-151.) [91, 10. 21, 1-236.]

5 species new to the Museum.

625 specimens of Colwmbiformes (Pigeons). Supplementary collection.
(S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 152-162.) [91. 10. 26, 1-525.]

628 specimens of Laniidm and Vireonidm (Shrikes and Greenlets).
Supplementary collection. (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 173-185.) [91.11.
3, 1-628.]

229 specimens of Balli/ormes (Rails). Supplementary collectioa
(S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., 187-191.) [91. 11. 4, 1-229.]

1 species (Ballus 8cotH\ new to the Museum.

254 specimens from the West India Islands, presented by Mr. C. B.
Cory. (S. G. Reg., IV., pp. 202-206.) [92. 1. 12. 1-254.]

6 new to the Museum.

270 specimens of Trogonidm (Trogons). (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp.
193-197.) [91. 11. 10, 1-270.]

57 specimens of Certhiida: (Creepers). Supplementary collection.
(S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 198, 199.J [92. 1. 11, 1-57.]

305 specimens from British Guiana, collected by Henry Whitely.
(S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 208-213.) [92. 1. 16, 1-305.]

284 specimens of Grebes {Podicipedida) and Divers (Colymhidse),
(S. G. Reg., Vol IV., pp. 215-220.] [92. 1. 20, 1-284.]

The type of the Flightless Grebe (Centropelma micropterum),

488 specimens of Geese and Ducks (Anseriformes), (S. G. Rge.,
Vol. IV., pp. 221-230.) [92. 2. 1, 1-488.]

4 types and 2 species new to the Museum.

100 specimens of Partdm (Tits). Supplementary collection. (S. G.
Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 232, 233.) [92. 3. 1, 1-100.]

405 Wagtails and Pipits {Motacillid«\ Swallows rfTtninc^tnu/jB), Chat-
terers (Ampelidm), Supplementary collection. (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp.
235-242.) [92. 3. 20, 1-405.]

2 species new to the Museum.

2494 specimens of American Warblers {MnioHltidm), (S. G. Reg.,
Vol. VI., pp. 243-289.) [90. 4. 1, 1-2454 ; 94. 6. 1, 1-40.]

187 specimens of Tinamous (Tinamidm), (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp.
290-293.) [92. 6. 9, 1-187.]

5 types and 10 species new to the Museum.

956 specimens of Cranes (Grui/ormes) and Herons (Ardei/ormes).
(S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 294-312.) [92. 2. 1, 1-956.]

The type of Salmon s Tiger-Bittern (Tigrisoma salmont).

1245 specimens of Tamigridm from Mexico, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.
Supplementary collection. (S. G. Reg., Vol IV., pp. 317-340.) m.
7. 1, 1-1245.]

136 specimens from British Guiana, collected by the late Henry
Whitely, including the types of Hapalocercus 8triaticM>8, Capsiemms
caudotay and Todirostrum pictum (cf Salvin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, Xll.,
pp. xv.-xvu., 1897). (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 342-344.) [95. 11.
27, 1-136.]

85 specimens of Accipitres and Striges from Mexico, etc. Supplementary
collection. (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 345, 346.) [96. 5. 9, 1-85.]

480 specimens from Peru, collected by 0. T. Baron, including
15 species new to the national collection, and 12 types of species new
to science (cf, Salvin, Nov. Zool., II., pp. 1-22, pis. i., ii., 1895). (S. G.
Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 347-356.) [96. 10. 6, 480.]

Birds. 371

245 specimens of Parrots from Mexico and Central America. Supple-
mentary collection. (8. G. Reg., Vol.IV., pp. 364-368.) [96.12.1,1-245.]

200 specimens of Goatsuckers {Caprimulgidm) from Texas and Mexico.
Supplementary collection. (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 370-373.) [97. 2.
1, 1-200.]

262 specimens of Cuckoos (CucuUdx) from Mexico and Guatemala.
Supplementary collection. (S. G. Reg., Vol. IV., pp. 375-380.) [97. 4.
1, 1-262.]

510 specimens of Turdidm, Troglodytidm^ Mimidm^ etc., from Mexico,
Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Supplementary collection. 2 types of species
new to science and 2 new to the Museum. (S. G. Reg., IV., pp. 381-
390.) [97.10.1,1-510.]

298 specimens from the Lesser Antilles, collected by Mr. and Mrs. H. H.
Smith, includini; 3 new to the national collection. (S. G. Beg., IV.,
pp. 411-416.) [98. 2. 8, 1-298.]

14 specimens from Colombia, et<;., with 3 types and 5 new to the
Museum. (S. G. Ree., IV., p. 417.) [98.3.12,1-14.]

990 specimens of Woodpeckers [Picida], princii»lly from Mexico.
(S. G. Reg., IV., pp. 418-437.) [98. 3. 14, 1-990.]

The type of Mdanerpes canescens^ Salvin.

321 specimens of various species from California, Texas, etc., received
from Mr. C. K. Worthen. (S. G. Reg. IV., pp. 440-446.) [98. 7. 12,
1-304; 1900.2.26,1-17.1

8 species new to the Museum.

Dr. F. D. Godman was bom at Park Hatch, near Godalming, in
Surrey, in 1834. He was educated at Eton and at Cambridge. While
at the University he became acquainted with Osbert Salvin and Professor
Newton and his brother. Sir Edward Newtoo, and, with them and a few
other kindred spirits, he assisted in founding the British Ornithologists'
Union, with its journal, the " Ibis."

Having been prevented by an accident from joining Canon Tristram
and Mr. ^vin in their expedition to Algeria in the spring of 1857, he
went with his brother Percy to BodO in northern Norway, where the
travellers made a good collection of birds and eggs, taking several nests of
the Great Snipe. Crossing thence from Alten they visited John Wolley
at Munioniska, where be was then living, and, descending the Tomea River
to the Gulf of Bothnia, they afterwards visited StockhoGo, St. Petersburg,
Moscow and Nishni Novgorod, before returning to England.

In August, 1861, Dr. Grodman went with Mr. Sdvin to Guatemala,
remaining a month in Jamaica en route. A year was spent in Guatemala,
collecting birds and insects in various parts of the country. While there
they instructed some natives in the art of preserving bird-skins, and by
these pupils several collections were afterwards despatched to England.
The best known of these collectors was Enrique Arcd, who did some
excellent work in Costa Rica and Panama.

Dr. Godman returned home in 1862, and in 1865 he went to the
Azores, visitiog the islands of St. Michael, Terceira, Fayal, Pico, Flores
and Corvo, and making a good collection of birds and insects, discovering
a new species of Bullfinch, Pyrrhula murina. In 1871 he spent three
months in the Canaries, visiting Tenerife, Palma, and Gran Canaria, but,
in consequence of the prevalence of small-pox, communication between
the islands was difficult.

In 1886 Dr. Godman joined Mr. H. J. Elwes in an expedition to
Native Sikhim, and as in the autumn of 1887 he had to go abroad for
the benefit of his health, he started for Mexico, taking with him the

2 B 2

372 Zoology.

well-known collectors, Mr. H. H. Smith and Mr. W. B. Kichardson. A

rl series ot birds was obtained, chiefly in S.E. Mexico, but after
(7odman*8 departure, he employed a number of collectors, who explored
different parts of Mexico, and sent home larg^ collections.

Qodman (Percy).

Brother of the above-mentioned F. D. Godman, and his companion on
several ornithological expeditions.

Qodwin-Aosten {Colonel H. H.).

3582 specimens from the Hills of N.E. Bengal (Naga, Miri, Dafla,
Khasi, Garo Hills, and Manipur, etc.). [71. 1. 13, 1-5 ; 76. 5. 3, 1 ;
76. 5. 22, 2; 78. 10. 14, 1-8; 95. 7. 14, 1-3329; 96. 7. 13, 1-10; 99.

5. 31, 1-78; 1900. 10. 10, 1-147.]

The results of Colonel GK>dwin-Austen*8 explorations in the Naga Hills
and the other hill-ranges of the N.E. frontier of India have been
described by him in the '' Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal "
(xxxix., pp. 91-112, 264-275, 1870; xli., pp. 142-143,^1872; xliii.,
pp. 151-180, pis. iv.-x., 1874). The Hume Collection contained a
good series of specimens from Manipur, but had not a great many from
(he above-mentioned localities, so that Colonel Godwin-Austen's series
proyed to be a very valuable addition to the British Museum. There
were many types of the species described by him in his Memoirs, and a
series of birds supplementing the great Hume Collection.

Ooldie (A.).

42 birds from S. E. New Guinea. [80. 6. 23, 1-42.]

2 types (Oeocichla paptiensist Seeb., Cat. B., v., p. 158, pi. z.;

OHdiphaps regaHs^ Salvin and Godman, '' Ibis," 1880, p. 364, pi. xL),

and five species new to the collection.

Goldie was a botanical collector, who penetrated from Port Moresby

CO the Astrolabe Bange in British New Guinea, where the Goldie River is

named after him. Another collection was purchased from Mr. Edward

Oerrard.

Gomez (Ramon).

A naturalist in Tenerife.

Qoodfellow (Walter),
Set Gebbabd, E.
2 types of Hdianthea haimlioni from Ecuador. Presented. [1900.

6. 29, 1-2.]

Goodwin (A. P.).

36 birds from the Richmond Kiver, N.S. Wales. Purchased. [80.
4. 2, 1-36.] One species new to the collection. Presented. [97. 11.
6, 39-40.]

GKx)dwin was a Dane, who made excellent skins of birds, and procured
several interesting species for the Museum.

His notes on the Paradise Birds of British New Guinea were published
in the "Ibis," 1890, pp. 150-156.

See also Gebbard, E.

Gordon {Sir Arthub H., now Lord Stanmore).

13 birds from the Fiji Islands. Presented. [85. 12. 24, 1-13.]

Birds. 373

Gordon-Camming (Hon. Mrs.).

10 specimens of Australian birds. Presented. [1902. 11. 16, 1-10.]

Oosse (Phiup Henbt).

169 birds from Jamaica. Purchased. [45. 4. 29, 1-4; 47. 6. 8, 1-21.]
Types of Anas maxima, Gosse = Cairina moschata x Anas boscas^ cf,
Salvad., Cat. xxvii., p. 53 ; Egretta ruficollis, Gosse ; Cyanopterus inomattUf
60686= QuerquedtUa discors (Linn.), cf. Salvad., Cat. xxvii., p. 299;
Ephialtes grammicus, Gosse ; Rallus concolor, Gosse ; Myiobius stdidus,
Gtwse ; LateriroXlus gossei, Bp. = Porzana flaviventris (Bodd.), t^f. Sbarpe,
Cat. xxiii., p. 110 ; Myiobius tristisy Grosse = Blacicus barbirostris
(Swains.), c/. Scl. Cat. xiv., p. 244; Elainea cotta, Gosse; Myiobius
paUiduSy Gosse ; Sylvicola pannosa, Gosse = Dendrceoa cmrulescens (Gm.),
efi Sharpe, Cat. x., p. 829; Sylvicola eoa, Gosse; 8. pharetraj Gosse;
birundo euchrysea, Gosse ; apermophUa adooca^ 6K)sse = Fhonipara
lepida (Jacq.), ef, Sharpe, Cat. xiL, p. 145; Spermophila anoxantha,
Gosse ; Coiumiculus tixicruSy Gh>sse = Ammodromus savannarum (Gm.),
if. Sharpe, Cat. xii., p. 687. [47. 6. 9, 1; 47. 6. 16, 1-109; 47. 8. 30,
1-15; 47.10.11,6-14.]

Goose's " Birds of Jamaica** is still the standard work on the birds of
this island, and the specimens above recorded are doubtless the material
en which Ids descriptions were founded. Unfortimately they have much
deteriorated, having been mounted for many years in the British Museum
Gralleries at Bloomsbury, and ruined by exposure to light and dust. A
good series of Jamaican Birds is a great desideratum to the Museum.

Some of his birds appear to have been sent to Hugh Cuming (vide
antea, p. 333). (C/. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxii., pp. 258-260.)

Oough (Earl).

6 birds from Buenos Ayres. Presented. [1904. 4. 5, 1-6.]

Gould (John), F.B.8.

97 birds from Brazil. Presented. [37. 3. 15, 60-153, 158-160.]

38 Humming Birds. Presented. [37. 3. 6, 639-676.]

78 birds from South Australia. Presented. [37. 4. 4, 418-495.]
126 specimens, principally from Brazil and India. Purchased. [37. 5. 13,

100-211; [38. 5. 12, 103-117.]

97 birds and nests chiefly from Australia. Presented. [38. 1. 19, 208-

229, 232-244 ; 41. 3, 540-541 ; 41. 6, 1669-1671 (Australian birds) ; 42. 12.

21, 11-20 (nests of Australian birds); 43. 4. 4, 1-43 (nests of Australian

birds); 43. 12. 30, 18-20 (types of Coryphilus dryas, Gould; Halcyon

saurophagus, Gould).]

100 birds from various localities, but chiefly from Tamaulipas, Eastern

Mexico. 38. 5. 12, 1-100.]

26 birds from Jamaica. Presented. [44. 1. 22, 20; 44. 1. 23, 4-7;

44. 5. 16, 2-21.]

280 birds and 91 eggs from Australia. Purchased. [41. 6, 990-1098,

1269-1501, 1669-1671 ; 44. 2. 10, 92-117.]

14 birds from South America. Purchased. [44. 12. 12, 1-14.]

65 Humming Birds. Purchased. [63. 5. 17, 1-34; 53. 11. 28, 1-21.]

149 specimens, mostly Rhamphastidm (Toucans). Purchased. [53.

12.26,1-86; 54.5.25,1-12.]

39 birds from Guatemala and Brazil. Purchased. [54. 12. 20, 1-29].
43 birds from various localities. Purchased. [55. 11. 6, 1-43.]
Includes the types of Formioarius erythropterus, Monarcha UucoHs^

374 Zoology.

ThamnophUus mdanvrus, Ptilotis JUigera^ Bourderia fulgtdigula^ Ar-
remon erythrorhynchus, Cindosoma casta/noihorax.

113 birds from Europe and South America. Purchased. [55. 12. 17,
1-101 ; 56. 10. 28, 1-12.]

The type of Ftilopus eugenim (Gould), P.Z.8., 1856, p. 137 (Solomon
IslandsV Presented. [56. 10. 14, 15.]

90 birds from various localities. Purchased. [57. 10. 16, 1-71 ; 67.
11. 11, 1-19.]

4 Humming Birds. Purchased. [57. 11. 20, 1-4.]

251 birds, chiefly from South America. Purchased. [57. 11. 28,
1-251.]

127 birds from AshantL Purchased, [58. 1. 4, 1-127.]

On this collection was founded the record of the locality ** Ashanti,"
which so often occurs in Hartlaub's '' Omithologie West-Afrika's," on the
authority of specimens in the British Museum, but 1 greatly doubt if any
of them came from Ashanti proper. They seem to me to be all skins of
the ordinary Fanti make, and were probably preserved by Aubimu, a
professional negro hunter, who in Governor Ussher's time, some twelve
years later, was an old man, but stiU an active collector ; he ultimately
died of small-pox. Among the specimens thus procured from Mr. Gould
were several interesting additions to the Museum collection.

40 specimens from various localities. Purchased. [58. 3. 5, 1-8;
58.6.25,9-38; 58.9.7,6 7.

38 birds, mostly from South America and Australia. Purchased.
[58. 12. 2, 1-38.]

236 birds, nests and eggs, mostly from South America. Purchased.
[59. 3. 25, 28-84 (Falkland Islands); 59. 6. 6, 2-79; 59. 6. 29, 1-36;
69. 7. 6, 1-65 (Indian eggs).]

Some eggs are from Mexico, but the registering is faulty, and many
have no lo^ity at all. The type of Oavia roseiventris of Gould is also
included in this purchase (P.Z.S., 1859, p. ^l^ — Larus glauoodes, Meyer.
{Cf. Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 200.)

15 nests from Epping. Presented. [59. 7. 6, 66-80.]

93 birds from various localities. Purchased. [60. 1. 16, 1-93.]

2 types, Otocorys penicOlata (cf. Gould, P.Z.S., 1837, p. 126), and
Buticilla erythroprocta (cf. Gould, P.Z.S., 1856, p. 78).

92 birds from South America (chiefly Ecuador and Amazonia).
Purchased. [60. 11. 26, 1-92.]

I type (Toccus hartiaubi) and 1 (ITiamnopInlus corvinus) new to the
Museum.

176 Humming Birds. Purchased. [61. 11. 11, 1-176.]

II birds from South America. Purchased. [61. 11. 11, 177-187.]
Includes the type of Chordeiles pusillus and a specimen of Moho

ndbilis,

10 specimens of birds and 22 eggs from various localities. Purchased.
[62.6.22,1-32.]

3 specimens of birds and 13 sets of eggs from N.W« America.
Purchased. [62.11.4,1-16.]

6 specimens of birds from West Africa. Purchased. [64. 2. 7, 1-5.]

Includes the type of Smithomts rufilaterdlis. Gray, P.Z.S., 1864,
p. 143, pi. xvi.

115 sets of eggs and 105 birds from various localities. Purchased.
[65. 2. 3, 1-115; 67. 3. 16, 1-105.]

Among these birds were the nestlings figured by Gould in his " Birds
of Great Britain," and several hybrid Game-birds.

Birds. 375

168 birds from various localities. Purchased. [68. 1. 27, 1-41 ; 69.
6. 4, 1-102 (Humming Birds); 69. 6. 9, 1-25 (Samoan birds).]

In these purchases the Museum acquired from Mr. Gould several
valuable types of species which be was then figuring in his " Supplement **
to the " Birds of Australia," such as Malurus hypoleucm^ Oerygone
penanata, Cydopsittcicus coxeniy Oeopsittacus occidentalis, and Cacomantis
ccutaneiventris,

150 specimens, mostly Humming Birds. Purchased. [72. 5. 28,
28-77.]

The type of Otidipham ndbilis is included in this purchase.
2 specimens of the Gyr-Falcon (JEierofaJco gyr/oUco) from Lapland
and West Finmark. Presented. [72. 11-8, 1-2.]

These were two of WoUey's specimens lent for the purpose of
illustration in the "Birds of Great Britain." (C/l Newton, Ootheca
WoReyanOy p. 94.)

20 specimens of Acdpitres. Purchased. [72. 11. 8, 3-22].
Some of these are the originals of the plates in the " Birds of Great
Britain."

97 Accipitres from various localities. Presented. [73. 6. 6,
1-97].

Including the type of Femis celebensis.
18 birds from Australia. Purchased. [75. 11. 8, 1-18].
4 types of species, Strepera melanoptera, Uracticus cinereus, C. argenteus^
and C crissalis,

100 specimens, principally from Europe and various parts of Asia.
Purchased. [76. 1. 7, 1-100].

6316 specimens of birds. Purchased. [81. 5. 1, 1-6315].
This was Gould's private collection of birds, and was purchased by
the Trustees after his death. It contained a large number of interesting
species, 22 of which were new to the collection, as well as 59 types.

1155 eggs. Purchased. [84. 10. 1, 1-268; 84. 11. 20, 269-579;
85. 1. 8, 580-1264; 85. 3. 1, 1265-1687; 85. 7. 21, 1688-1736].

This collection of eggs was purchased at the same date as the bird-skins,
but was not registered until some time after. It contained a number of
Australian eggs which were new to the collection.

93 Humming Birds, with 8 types. Purchased. [88. 7. 25, 1-59;
90. 10. 14, 1-34].

lliis was the commencement of the registration of the Gk)uld Collection
of Humming Birds, which was never completed.

For Goiild's biography, reference may be made to the memoir published
by me in my " Andytical Index to the Works of the late John Gould," in
1893, and to the " Dictionary of National Biography " (vol. xxii., p. 287).
Both these works give a full account of his labours, and especiaUy of his
epoch-making journey to the Antipodes. His collection of Australian
birds " comprised examples of both sexes of nearly every known species,
1800 specimens in all, in various stages of plumage, each carefully
labelled with the scientific name and the name of the place where killed."
The expedition to Australia cost Gould £2000, and he ofiTered the collection,
with its numbers of priceless types, to the Trustees of the British Museum
of that day, for £1000. The ofifer was declined, and Gould, in a fit of
chagrin, allowed Dr. Thomas Wilson of Philadelphia to buy the whole
collection for £1000 ; it has since been one of the greatest treasures of the
Academy of Natural Science in that town. {Cf, Gassin's Report on, the
Ornithological Collection, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1849, pp. 256-260 ; Witmer
Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1899, pp. 5-63.)

376 Zoology.

Qould {Dr. Henry).

Eldest son of John Gould. He was in the Indian Medical Service,
and sent some collections of hirds and eggs from Sind to his father.

Graham (R).

80 specimens from Para. Presented. [45. 8. 25, 24-114.]

Graham (Sir R. J.), Bart.

3 hvhrid Ducks (Anas boscas x A. strepera). Presented. [1905. 11.
20,1-3.]

A remarkahle hyhrid Drake (Anas hoscas x Marcea pendope x Dafila
acuta). Presented. [1905. 12. 5, 1.]

Orandidier (Alfred).

3 hirds from Madagascar. Presented. [73. 6. 7, 63-65.J
M. Grandidier for many years devoted himself to the exploration of
Madagascar, and puhlished, with Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards, a
monumental work, " Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Mada-
gascar.**

A considerahle numher of Mammalia were presented hy him to the
British Museum, but only three birds, Coua coquerdi, C. gigas, and C,
ruficeps^ passed into the collection ; these he kindly gave me on my first
visit to Paris in 1873.

Grant (Claude H. B.).

Was an excellent taxidermist in the Museum, and with Seimund (^.v.)
joined the Imperial Yeomanry during the last Boer war. The two
troopers made a splendid collection of natural history objects in the
neighbourhood of Deelfontein (rf. Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, pp. 1-29, 313-367,
pi. viii.). He has since been travelling and collecting in various parts of
South Africa for Mr. C. D. Rudd (q.v,).

Grant (W. R. Ogilvie-).
See Ogilvib-Gbant.

Gray (Major Anstrutheb).

5 specimens of the Cereopsis Goose. Presented. [1905. 1. 17, 1-5.]

Gray (Ca^U David).

13 birds from the Arctic Seas. Presented. [93. 10. 8, 1-13.]
Saxicola omanthe and Pledrophenax nioalis are among these speci-
mens, procured in long. 4° E., lat. 79° 30' N.

Gregory (Sir A. C).

See also Elset, J. R.

26 birds from the Gregory Expedition to N.W. Australia. Presented.
[56. 12- 24, 1-26.]

Gregory, accompanied by Dr. F. von Mueller as botanist, made expe-
ditions into N. W. Australia from 1855-58. (Cf. Who's Who, 1905, p. 662.)

Gregory (Dr. J. W.).

7 birds from Equatorial Africa. Presented. [94. 12. 21, 1-7.]
These few specimens were obtained during Dr. Gregory's well-known

expedition to the Rift Valley in Equatorial Africa in 1892-93.

Birds. 377

Orey {Sir George).

60 birds from West Australia. Presented. [40. 10. 13, 1-62.]

373 birds, mainly from South Australia. Presented. [43. 1. 4, 1-35 ;
43. 6. 14, 1-3; 43. 7. 14, 1-267; 44. 9. 3, 32-59; 44. 12. 18, 1-3;
45. 11. 7, 1-37.]

95 birds and eggs from New Zealand. Presented. [47. 1. 8, 1-44 ;
51. 7. 18, 1-45 ; 52. 1. 20, 1-6 ; 54. 5. 31, 1-14.1

14 birds from the Loyalty Islands. Presented. [54. 5. 31, 1-14.]

Contains the typo of Myiagra viridinitens. Gray ; Aplonis aironitens,
Gray ; Zosterops rndanopa^ Gray.

Sir George Grey always took an active interest in natural history, and
many of the Australian birds which he presented were obtained by
Mr. Gould, with whom he was on terms of friendship all his life.

Cf. Diet Nat. Biogr., Suppl. II., pp. 357-361.

Ombbe {Admiral Sir Walter Hunt).

2 specimens of Delegorgue's Quail {Cotumix ddegorguei) from St.
Thomas Island, W. Africa. Presented. [1905. 11. 9, 1-2.]

Oueinzius (Dr.).
See Stevens, S.
Dr. Gueinzius was an early collector in Mozambique and Natal, and
his specimens are mentioned by the late Mr. J. H. Gumey in his first
memoirs on the ornithology of the latter country {cf, "Ibis,*' 1859,
pp. 234-251). The Accipitrts were purchased by Mr. Gumey for the
Norwich Museum, but the bulk of the other specimens passed into the
British Museum.

Guillemard (F. H. H.).

A very well-known traveller and naturalist who discovered many
new species of birds during the voyage of the Marchesa to the Malay
Archipelago, 1881-84. He has also made collections in Cyprus (cf. Lord
Lilford, postea, p. 413).

GuUiver (H.).

See RoTAL Society.
Mr. Gulliver was the naturalist appointed to the Transit of Venus
Expedition to Rodriguez. He procured skins of Bebromis rodericanus
and Foudia flavtcans, with their nests and eggs {cf, Sharpe, Phil. Trans.,
extra vol. 168, pp. 459-469, 1879).

Qnnn (Ronald).

158 birds from Tasmania. Presented. [38. 1. 15, 48-205.]

This collection, comprising a very complete series of Tasmanian birds,

has now almost perished, the specimens having all been mounted for years

in the public galleries. ^

Giinther {Dr. Albert C. L.), F.B.S.

Collection of osteological specimens.

7 birds from Pagham Harbour, Sussex. Presented. [72. 10. 2, 1-7.1

37 specimens of Gulls and Ck)rmorant8 from Fowey, Cornwall.
Presented. [76. 10. 21, 1-27 ; 78. 10. 4, 1-10.]

12 specimens of Guillemots, etc., from St. David's, Pembrokeshire.
Presented. [81. 9. 30, 1-7 ; 82. 9. 18, 1-5.]

31 specimens of old and young Cormorants and Shags from Fowey,
ComwalL [84. 1. 29. 1-12; 88. 10. 15, 1-19.]

378 Zoology.

15 specimens of Terns and other shore-birds from Norfolk. Presented.
[89. 3. 11, 1-15.]

Dr. Gunther was Keeper of the Zoological Department for twenty
years, and took a keen interest in ornithology. Daring his keepership
the groups illustrating the nesting of British birds were commenced and
carried out under his direction. Some of them were also presented by him.
Dr. Giinther likewise initiated and carried through the ''Catalogue of
Birds,** which was completed in twenty-seven volimies.

Gumey (John Henry).

5 specimens of Cathartes aura^ etc., from California. Presented.
[73. 7. 19, 19-23.]

44 birds from the Transvaal. Presented. [76. 6. 5, 1-26; 78. 6. 18,
1-18.] Including a specimen of OeocicJUa gumeyi, which was new to
the collection.

Mr. Gumey was the greatest authority on the Accipitres of his day,
and it was through his exertions that the magnificent collection of Birds
of Prey was formed at Norwich. He told me that the way in which this
collection came to be made was through a curious accident. When it was
resolved to give up the museum of the Zoological Society an agent was
entrusted with some money to buy a selection of the birds for the Norwich
Museum. The sale commenced in scientific sequence with the Acdpitres^
and the agent bid with diligent persistence until all his money was gone,
with the result that he Iwught only Birds of Prey. With this foun-
dation Gumey determined to devote himself to a special study of these
birds, and made the collection of Accipitres at Norwich the most famous
in the world. He also took particular interest in the omithology of
South Africa, and wrote many papers in the " Ibis " on the biras of
Natal and the Transvaal, based on the collections made by Mr. Thomas
Ayres (q.v.), A list of Mr. Guroey's papers is given in my edition of
Layard*8 "Birds of South Africa,*' p. xui. He also edited the "Birds of
Damara-Land," from the MSS. left by C. J. Andersson (?.v.).

Qumey (John Henry), Jun.

63 birds from Egypt. Presented. [76. 1. 22, 1-18 ; 81. 10. 24, 1-48]
(cf. Ibis, 1871, pp. 68-86, 289-301).

541 specimens from the Transvaal. Presented, [90. 10. 16, 1-446 ;
90. 12. 20, 1-96.]

This was a donation of a portion of the African collection formed by
his late father during the latter's life-time. It included many valuable
specimens, the series being divided between the British Museum and
Canon Tristram, whose share has now passed with the rest of his great
collection into the Liverpool Museum.

Habel {Dr. A.).

63 birds from the Galapagos Islands. Purchased. [75. 4. 2, 1-63.]
Dr. Habel was a well-known explorer of the Galapagos, and nis
collection was described by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin (P.Z.S., 1870,
pp. 322-327), when 7 new species were named. The bulk of Dr. Habel's
birds, with the types of the new species, was purchased by Dr. GKxlman ;
and the collection formed part of the ground-work of Mr. Salvin's memoir
on the "Birds of the Galapagos" (Trans. Z. S., ix., pp. 447-510, pis.
Ixxxiv.-lxxxix.).

Birds. 379

Haggard (W. H. D.).

()7 birds from the Andes of Ecuador. Presented. [94. 2. 15, 1-67.1
Mr. Haggard has been H.B.M. Resident Minister in Ecuador,
Venezuela, and the Argentme Republic. The birds presented by him
were collected by his friend Mr. L. Soderstrom, the Swedish Consul in
Ecuador, who has himself also given some valuable birds to the Museum.

Haigh (George Henry Caton).

17 specimens of Siumus vulgaris from Tetney, Lincolnshire. Pre-
sented. [89. 1. 2, 1-17.]

Mr. Oaton Haigh was one of several friends who helped me in my
unluckily futile endeavours to determine the migratory routes of the
Common Starling in Europe, and he obtained a series of specimens from
the Lincolnshire coast. My object was to ascertain what proportion of
the birds which migrated from the Continent to our eastern shores
in winter were the Scandinavian form (the true Siumus vulgaris of
Linnaius) or were tinged with an admixture of the Purple-headed Starling
(Sturnus mensHnerif Sharpe). Although it was evident that many of our
eastern birds were of the intermediate form, which Mr. Prazak, rushing
in where I had feared to tread, afterwards called Stumus intermedius, it
was impossible to prove whether the Starlings which were procured on
our eastern and southern coasts were migrants from the Continent or
birds which came south from the north of England or from Scotland (cf.
Eagle Clarke, Ibis, 1902, pp. 246-269).

43 Skylarks (Alauda arvensis) from the neighbourhood of Great
Grimsby. Presented. [90. 10. 20, 1-43.]

These Larks were also collected for me by Mr. Caton-Haigh for the
same purpose as the Starlings, viz., to attempt to settle the lines of
migration of our own Skylark and the larger Continental form.

57 Wading Birds from Great Grimsby. Presented. [91. 10. 1, 1-35 ;
91. 10. 25, 1-22.]

Hall (Robert).

10 birds from N.W. Australia. Presented. [1902. 6. 12, 1-10.]
1 new to the collection {Pseudogerygone tenebrosa),

Mr. Hall is one of the most energetic of Australian naturalists, and has
also collected in Kerguelen Land (cf. Ibis, 1900, pp. 1-34), and on the
River Lena in Siberia (cf, Hartert, Ibis, 1904, pp. 415-446).

Hamilton {Capt).

16 birds from Jamaica. Presented. [58. 10. 1, 12-27.]

Hamilton (G. E. H. Barrett-).
See Barbett-Hamilton.

Hanson (Nikolai).

308 specimens of birds and eggs from N. Norway. [96. 10. 2, 1-37 ;

96. 11. 17, 1-29; 97. 2. 6, 1-27; 97. 5. 11, 1-21; 97. 11. 16, 1-25;

97. 12. 12, 1-38; 98. 4. 28, 1-37; 98. 5. 3, 1-28; 98. 6. 24, 34-66.]
These birds were collected in the Sundal Fjord and the neighbourhood

of Ghristiansund, as well as on the Smolen Islands, whither he accompanied
me in May 1898. He obtained a most juseful series shewing the changing
plumages of the Black Guillemot (Vria grylle), and especially of the
Eider Duck (Somateria mollissima),

Hanson died during the Antarctic Expedition of the Southern Cross,
of which he was the zoologist. On this occasion he made a fine collection

380 Zoology.

of seals and birds, but his notes were lost. His diary was published
by me in the " Report on the collections of Natural History made in the
Antarctic Regions during the voyage of the Southern Cross,* Aves,
pp. 106-173, pis. vii.-x., published by the Trustees in 1902. He was one
of the most conscientious and energetic collectors I have ever known.
See also Newnes, Sir George, Bart,

Hanson (Bebnabd).

33 eggs of Norwegian birds. Purchased. [89. 6. 24, 1-33.]
A younger brother of the above, and a very good collector.

Harcourt (Edwabd Yebnon).

A specimen of the Andalusian Hemipode (Tumix sylvaiica). Pre-
sented. [62.10.8,1.]

Mr. Vernon Harcourt published a list of the birds of Madeira
(P.Z.S. for 1851, pp. 141-146). In 1854 he described as new Begulus
maderensis (P.Z.S., 1854, p. 153), and in a further list published in 1855
in the '* Annals and Magazine of Natural History,** ^2), zv., pp. 430-438,
he described a new Petrel from the Desertas Islanas, Frocdlaria castro.
Neither of the types came to the Museum.

Hardwicke (Oenerat).
See antea, p. 169.

Hargitt (Edwabd), B.L

2 specimens from the Vosges Mountains. Presented. [81. 11. 28,

i-2g

36 birds, mostly from the North of France. Presented. [85. 1. 12,
1-36.]

109 birds from various localities. Purchased [86. 9. 13, 1-73] and
presented [86. 12. 1, 1-361.

1807 specimens of Woodpeckers (Pict). Purchased. [97. 11. 10,
1-1807.]

From his earliest years Edward Hargitt was a devoted student of
ornithology, and collected in the Orkneys and the Highlands of Scotland
during his excursions to these localities as an artist. He afterwards made
a fine collection of European birds and eggs, but he graduaUy dropped
this portion of his work in order to devote himseli to the study of
the Picidm, Of these birds he acquired a large collection, and
wrote memoirs on several groups of Woodpeckers. In 1887 he was
asked by Dr. Giinther to write the eighteenth volimie of the *' Catalogue
of Birds," which he did with his usual conscientiousness ; it is one of the
best- written volumes of the series. For the last few years of his life his
health £uled him, but he occupied himself with painting a series of
pictures of Woodpeckers, which, it is hoped, maybe secured some day for
the British Museum, as his collection of birds, from which the paintings
are mostly taken, is now in the National Collection. Of a singularly
lovable disposition, Hargitt was endeared to a large number of artistic
and scientific men, and his death was mourned by a wide circle of
friends.

Harington {Captain H. H.).

9 birds from Upper Burmah. Presented. [1905. 12. 20, 1-9.]

Harris.

See Webster-Harbis.

Birds. 381

Harris {Sir W. Cobxwallis).

Sir ComwalliB Harris, the author of the " Highlands of Ethiopia,*' and
other works on the game and wild animals of Southern Africa, accom-
panied the British Expedition to Shoa in Ahyssinia, and made a collection
of birds, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Ar^ober and Angolalla. These
collections passed into the India Museum, and were all registered as from
" Abyssinia " by Messrs. Horsfield and Moore in the ** Catalogue of the
Birds in the Museum ot the East India Company." Fortunately the
original labels were not detached from the specimens in the India
Museom, so that the record of locality was not lost ; but all the birds
transferred to the British Museum had, after the fashion of those times,
the labels carefully removed, and a card-board ticket marked " Abyssinia "
attached ! {Cf, Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxv., p. 28.)
See India Museum.

Harrison (Oohnel J. J.).

31 birds from Somali Land. Presented. [1901. 3. 16, 1-31J
Colonel Harrison made an expedition, in company with Mr. A. E. Butter,
Captain Powell Cotton and Mr. W. F. Whitehouse, through Somali Land
to Lakes Rudolf and Baringo. He made a good collection of birds, which
was described by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant in the ' Ibis * for 1901 (pp. 278-299,
pi. vii.). A species of Finch-Lark described as Pyrrhulauda harrisoni
turned out to be P. signcUa, Oust. The specimens presented by Colonel
Harrison were all of great interest to the Museum.

45 birds from the White Nile district. Presented. [1905. 2. 3, 1-45.]

Hart (H. Chiohester).

See LoBDS of the Treasury.
Mr. Hart was the naturalist on board the Discovery during Sir George
Kares' expedition towards the North Pole. He has given an account of
his expenences in a paper published in the ' Zoologist ' for 1880 (pp. 121-
129, 204-214). He has also written a book on the Fauna and Flora of
Sinai, Arabia Petrsea, etc. (1891).

Hartert (Ernst).

98 birds from East Prussia and other parts of Germany. Received in
exchange. [92. 4. 11, 1-98.]

Dr. Hartert is the Director of the Hon. Walter Rothschild's Museum
at Tring, and is one of the most energetic of modem naturalists. His
experiences in Eastern Prussia have been described in the * Ibis ' for
1892 (pp. 353-372, 504-522), and the account of his travels in many
foreign lands is given in his memoir, ** Aus den Wanderjahren eines Natur-
forschers," first published in the * Novitates Zoologicas ' for 1901 (pp. 221-
355, 383-39, pis. xii.-xvii.), and 1902 (pp. 141-160, 193-339, pis. 1-5),
and afterwards as a separate work.

Harting (J. Edmund).

23 birds from Madagascar, collected by the Rev. W. Deans Cowan.
Purchased. [80. 5. 1. 1-23.]

Among many interesting species was the type of Oxylahes cinereicepSf
Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1881, p. 197.

80 mounted specimens of British birds. Purchased. [73. 11. 17, 17-
22; 83.11.10,1-74.]

Among these were several authentic examples of rare birds killed in
Great Britain, among them being three specimens of the so-called Sabine's

382 Zoology.

Snipe (Gallinago mhinei), and the Bed-breasted Snipe (Macrorhamphus
griseus)^ etc.

29 Accipitrea from South Queensland, collected by Mr. J. Bell.
Presented. [1901. 12. 8, 1-20; 1902. 7. 31, 1-9.]

2 specimens of "WiUow Grouse from the Altai Mts., procured by
Prince DemidofF. Presented. [1902. 7. 31, 10, 11.]

Mr. Harting is one of the best-known Briti^ naturalists, and there is
probably no one living who can so well remember the days before
enclosure had done away with the natural harbours on the south coast,
where birds were plentiful in places now dominated by the plough. His
reminiscences, like my own, carry him back to the palmy days of Pagham
Harbour, when some fine collecting was to be done on the mud-flats, and
a number of specimens obtained by him in his early life are in the
Museimi. He was for many years the best authority on Wading Birds,
and made a fine collection of Charadriidm, which was ultimately acquired
by the late Mr. Henry Seebohm, who made it the basis of his work on
the " Geographical Distribution of the Family Charadriidm.^ With the
Seebohm bequest the whole of this celebrated collection of Waders was
added to the national collection. Mr. Harting has published many
popular books on natural history, and has done much to spread the love
of the study of birds among the people.

Harvey (W.).

160 birds from Malacca. Presented. [65. 6. 30, 1-160.]
These birds, prepared in the usual Malay type of skins, were
without particulars of sex or date, and being now replaced by Mr. Hume's
beautiful series, have mostly passed into the duplicates.

Harvie-Brown (J. A.).

See also Feilden, Colonel H. W.
11 birds fromDunipace, Larbert, N.B. Presented. [92. 12. 19, 1-11.]

Hauzwell (J.).

Was an old companion of H. W. Bates, and settled in Upper Ama-
zonia. He travelled on the Ucayali River in the early fifties, and made
a large collection, which was exhibited to the Zoological Society by
Gould in May 1855 (P.Z.S., 1855, pp. 77, 78). In 1867, after a long
period of inaction, he again forwarded a collection from Pebas, a
town on the north bank of the River Amazon. This was described
by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin in the " Proceedings " for 1867 (pp. 977-
981, pi. xlv.), when four new species of birds were characterised.
The bulk of the collection passed into the hands of Messrs. Salvin and
Godman and Dr. Sclater, but a few were purchased by the British
Museum. [See Higgins.] Out of a later consignment sent' to Mr. Whiteley
from Samiria, some specimens were acquired for Dr. F. D. Godman.
In Professor James Orton's book, "The Andes and the Amazon,**
he mentions his meeting with Hauxwell at Pebas, where he was com-
fortably established and received the traveller ¥dth great hospitality.
Pebas is situated on a high clay bluff, beside the Ambiyacu, a mile above
its entrance into the Marauon.

Haviland {Drs, H. A. and G. D.).

32 birds from Mt. Kina Balu in N.W. Borneo. Presented. [93. 6.
10, 1-32.]

Two species {Merula seehohmi and Hyloterpe hypoxantha) were new
to the Museum.

Birds. 383

Hawker (Richard McD.).

21 specimens from Lahej, 8. Arabia. Presented. [98. 4. 30, 9-1-114.]
In this small series were specimens of the Lanner Falcon (Falco

fddeggi) and the Pintail Duck (Dafila acuta). Of, Ibis, 1898, pp.

374-376.

163 specimens from Somali Land. Presented. [98. 6. 13, 1-103.]
Five species were new to the collection, of which two {Mirafra wwtr-

ginata^ Apalis viridiceps) were types of new forms. The collection was

described by Mr. Hawker in the " Ibis " for 1899 (pp. 52-81, pi. ii.). M.

marginaia is now considered to be the same species as M, cantillans of

India.

451 specimens of birds, nests, and eggs from the Egyptian Sudan.

Presented. [1901. 8. 3, 1-76 ; 1902. 4. 20, 1-368 ; 1902. 7. 10, 1-17.]
This collection is described by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant in the "Ibis** for

1902 (pp. 393-470, pis. x., xii.).

31 birds from Berbera, Somali Land. Presented. [1903. 8. 5, 1-31.]
5 birds from the Sudan and 5 birds from Australia. Presented.

[1905. 6. 30, 1-10.]

Hearsay {Brigadier-Oeneral T.).

10 specimens of birds from the Punjaub. Presented. [54. 12. 0,
1-10.]

Heath (Alfred).

See Gerrabd, E.

Helms (Dr. Otto).

37 Greenland Gyr-Falcons (Hierofalco candicans) and Iceland Gulls
(Larus leucopierus). Purchased. [1900. 6. 26, 1-15 ; 1901. 3. 16, 1-8 ;
1902. 9. 29, 1-14.]

A very interesting series of skins, showing the changes of plumage in
the Greenland Falcons. See Dr. Helms' memoir, " Ueber Gron&nds
Vogelwelt" (J. f. 0., 1902, pp. 91-101, 126).

Henderson {Messrs. [of Dundee] ).

9 specimens of Greenland Gyr-Falcons (Hierofalco candicans) from
Greenland. Purchased. [99. 11. 2, 1-9.]

Henderson (Dr. George).
See Gerrard, E.
Dr. Henderson was the naturalist attached to the British Mission to
Tarkand, under Sir Douglas Forsyth, in 1870 (cf, " Lahore to Yarkand,"
by G. Henderson and A. 0. Hume, 8vo, 1873). During the expedition
several new species were discovered, and the types of these (FcUco
henderwni^ Saxicola hendersoni, Podoces hendersoni, P. humilis, TrochcUO'
pterum HmUe) were purchased for the Museum through Mr. Gerrard.
They are all figured in the above-mentioned book.

Henning (J.).

116 specimens of Finches. Purchased. [87. 1. 25, 1-115.]

"Herald," Voyage of H.M.S.

See Ratneb, Dr. F. M. ; .MacGillivrat, John.

384 Zoology.

Hewett (W.).

236 eggs of Guillemots from the Bempton cliffs. Purchased. [1901.
10. 27, 2-151 ; 1902. 11. 5, 1-86.]

This series, selected from mauy hundreds of eggs obtained by Mr.
Hewett, is exhibited in the Great Hall of the Natural History Museum
as an example of the variation in the colour to be found in the eggs laid
by one single species.

Hiekman (J.).

26 birds from Fanti, West Africa. Presented. [91. 2. 11, 1-26.]
Some rare birds were contained in this collection, among them four
specimens of Pssoptera luguhris.

Higgins (T.).

A specimen of Andersson's Pern (Machmrhampkiu anderssoni) from
Damara Land. Purchased. [62. 2. 23, 1.]

23 birds from Damara Land. Purchased. [66. 12. 24, 1-23.]

These were from some of the last collections sent home by Andersson.

25 specimens from N.E. Australia and Upper Amazonia. Purchased.
[67. 2. 26, 1-6 ; 67. 10. 1, 1-19.]

Ten of these birds from Gape York and Champion Bay were collected
by Cockerell ; the other nine were collected by Hauxwell.

14 birds from Zanzibar, and other localities. Purchased. [68. 1. 29,
1-9; 68.2.21,2-6.]

21 birds from N.E. Australia. Purchased. [69. 8. 17, 1-21.]
Three species, CydopHUaeus coxeni, Ptilotis oockerellif and Myzomda
'pectoralis were new to the collection. They were from one of the series
obtained in Cape York and Queensland by Cockerell and Thorpe.

15 birds from Celebes. Purchased. [72. 5. 27, 1-15.]

These were some of the duplicates from Dr. A. B. Meyer's expedition
to the Moluccas.

9 birds from Fanti, W. Africa, collected by Mr. G. LyalL Purchased.
[75. 5. 21, 1-9.]

3 species new to the Collection, Pmoptera lugubriSf Myioceyx rufioeps^
and Dendropicus lugubris,

175 birds from Borneo and the Philippine Islands, collected by Alfred
Everett. Purchased. [75. 8. 16, 1-57 ; 76. 7. 28, 1-96 ; 78. 1. 4, 1-5 ;
78. 5. 20, 80-96.]

These were Everett's early Bomean collections, made chiefly in
Sarawak, together with a few specimens from the Philippines. They
contained the types of Micropus immacidatus, PrionochHus everetti^
and Phyllomis viridtnucha. His Bomean collections were described by
me in the * Ibis ' for 1876, 1877, 1893, and in the P.Z.S. for 1879.

469 birds, nests, and eggs, from Labuan and Lumbidan, N.W. Borneo.
Purchased. [76. 5. 2, 1-161 ; 80. 9. 14, 1-318.1

Collected by Sir Hugh Low, and forming the material for my paper
in the "Proceedings" of the Zoological Society for 1875 (pp. 99-111),
1879 (pp. 317-354, pi. xxx.).

12 birds from the collection made by the late Dr. James in British
New Guinea. Purchased. [77. 4. 6, 1-12.]

Dr. James was killed by the natives of Yule Island shortly after
his arrival in British New Guinea. His collection was described by me
in the * Journal ' of the Linnean Society (ZooL, vol. xiii., pp. d05--321,
1878). He discovered the following new species : Phmygama jamen

Birds. 385

(Cat B., III., p. 181), Tanysiptera microrhyncha, and Melidora
collaris.

16 birds from the Fiji Islands and New Caledonia, collected by
E. L. and E. L. C. Layard. Purchased. [76. 2. 3, 4-15; 78. 5. 20,
76-79.]

7 species new to the collection (cf. Ibis, 1876, pp. 137-157, Fiji
Islands ; 1877, pp. 355-363 ; 1878, pp. 250-267, New Caledonia).

75 birds from Sarawak, collected by Mr. Harold Everett. Purchased.
[78. 5. 20, 1-75].

5 specimens from the neighbourhood of Antananarivo, Madagascar,
collected by Mr. Lormier. Purchased. [79. 3. 5, 25-29.]

The five specimens included an example of Heliodtlus aoumagneif and
the types of a new Warbler (Drommocercus teehohmt).

Hisgins was a retired doctor with a strong love of natural history, who
succeeded to Mr. Samuel Stevens' celebrated zoological agency, when the
latter retired from active work. Higgins ultimately settled in Tasmania,
and died there.

HUdebrandt (Dr.).

57 specimens from East Africa. Purchased. [79. 3. 4, 1-52 ; 79. 3. 5,
1-5/1 6 species new to the collection.

Dr. Hildebrandt collected in the Teita district of British East Africa,
and his birds were described by Dr. Cabanis (J. f. 0., 1878, pp. 213-246).
He afterwards travelled in Madagascar, where he died.

Hinde {Dr. R. B.).

156 birds from Kamptee, C. India. Presented. [75. 7. 13, 1-156.]
Dr. Hinde was the xmcle of the well-known traveller. Dr. Sydney L.
Hinde.

Hinde (Dr. S. L.).

144 birds from Machakos, British East Africa. Presented. [96. 9. 11,
1-32; 98. 5. 13, 1-95; 99. 2. 1. 1-17.]

2 types {CisHcoJa kindei, Serinus fagani) and 5 species new to the
collection (cf. Ibis, 1898, pp. 576-587, pi. xii., fig. 2).

39 birds from Masai Land, including types of Euprinodes hildegardm.
[99. 10. 30, 1-19 ; 1900. 2. 6, 1 and 2 ; 1900. 2. 28, 1-18.]

21 birds from the Athi River, including the types of Crateropw hindei.
Presented. [1901. 5. 6, 1-19 ; 1901. 5. 7, 1 and 2.]

Dr. Hinde saw much service with the Congo Free State army on the
Upper Congo, and has written a very interesting work on the " Downfall
of the Congo Arabs." He has since held appointments under the Foreign
OfiQce in British East Africa, and has made several good collections of
birds, in the formation of which he has been aided by his wife.

Hobson (H. E.).

9 birds from Northern Formosa. Presented. [77. 10. 22, 1-9.]
1 new to the collection.

Mr. Hobson was H.B.M. Consul in Formosa, and presented many
Butterflies to the Museum, as well as a few birds.

Hodgson (Brian H.).

2596 birds from Nepal and Tibet Presented. [43. 1. 13, 1-1302 ;
44. 12. 27, 1-4; 45. 1. 9, 1-841; 45. 1. 12, 1-414 (skeletons), 478-
513.]

These were Hodgson's early collections, and were presented by him to
VOL. II. 2 0

386 Zoology.

the Museum when he left Nepal in 1843. It is from these specimens
that the native drawings of the birds were taken. Every one of the
Hodsrgon drawings has its name and its number, and the specimens
originally had a label tied either round the neck or the foot, bearing a
number corresponding with that of the drawing. In Dr. Gray's
'* Zoological Miscellany " for 1844, Hodgson, writing from Canterbury on
the 24th of June,* gave a list of Nepalese birds, with an indication of
the Hodgsonian number, and he stated that *'a nearly complete aeries

Sof drawings] has been sent to the British Museum." Consequently, these
irawings constitute the types of Hodgson's species. A second set of
drawings was retained by Hodgson himself, and afterwards eiven by him
to the Zoological Society ; these two sets have never yet been collated
together.

In the " Dictionary of National Biography ** (Suppl., vol. ii., pp. 429-
432), it is said that after his resignation of the Indian Civil Service in
1843, he came to England, but that, after less than a year at home, he
resolved to return to India. He fixed his residence at Daijiling, where
for thirteen years he lived the life of a recluse, suffering a good deal from
weak health, but this did not abate his ardour for collecting or his devotion
to learning. Dr. J. E. Gray, in his preface to the " Catalogue " of the
Hodgson collection, writing on the 10th of December, 1846, speaks of him
•as having returned to India, to continue his studies and complete his
series of drawings.

301 birds from Behar. Presented. [45. 5. 19, 1-SOIJ

This series of skins from Behar was never made by Hodgson's Hima-
layan collectors. The method of preparation is quite different. It may
have been made for Hodgson by some friend of his, or he may have
employed a native of the countiy to prepare the skins. I can find no
evidence that Hodgson was ever resident in Behar.

307 birds from "India "I [See small register.] Presented. [48.6.4,
1-307.]

In 1848, as mentioned above, Hodgson was living at Daijiling, and
there can be no doubt that this collection came from Sikhim. On looking up
some of the specimens which are registered by G. B. Gray himself (with-
out any specific localities and with only the Hodgsonian number added),
I have found skins labelled by Gray as from Behar ! Any one who com-
jiares the preparation of the Behar examples with that of the Himalayan
taxidermists, will see at a glance that this 1848 collection has been made
by the same hands as the early Nei)al collections, and doubtless Hodgson
had imported some of his native skinners from Nepal. The question is
settled, however, by an entry of Gray's in the register : '<211 duplicates
transferred to the Hon. E. I. Comp. " ; and in Horsfield and Moore's Cata-
logue of the latter collection (Vol. I., Intr., p. v.), we read: "1848.
B. H. Hodgson^ Esq. Several birds from Sikim and Daijiling," showing
that Moore knew where they were from, if Gray did not.

These Sikhim specimens will have to be carefully relabelled ; but it
shows the truth of Professor Newton's criticism on G. R. Grav, that he
was a good ornithological clerk; but in the case of the Hodgson col-
lections he was not even entitled to this praise, for he destroyed all
Hodgson's original labels.

598 birds from Nepal. Presented. [59. 3. 4, 1-598.]

For some reason Hodgson was offended with his treatment by the

* Mr. Gerrard, sen., remembers going to Canterbury to pack the oollection
for transmission to London.

Birds. 387

Grays, and in 1853 he sent a large collection of birds from Nepal and
Tibet to the E. L Company's Museum, but, in 1859, he appears to have
once more determined to send his collections to the British Museum.

When the India Museum was broken up in 1881 and its zoological
contents were merged in the British Museum, the whole of the
Hodgsonian series was once more united under one roof, and great praise
is due to Mr. F. Moore for having preserved the original labels on those
roecimens which had been under his charge. Two Catalogues of the
Hodgson collection were published by the Trustees, one in 1846, and a
second in 1863.

Besides the article in the " Dictionary of National Biography," a life
of Hodgson has been written by Sir William Hunter.

Cf. also « Ibis,' 1894, pp. 580, 581.

Holboell {Oovemary

See also Steyeks, S.

5 birds and 31 eggs from Greenland. Purchased. [50. 11. 9, 23-58.] .

Holboell was the Danish Governor of South Greenland, and took great
interest in natural history. He discovered the intermediate race
between the typical Gyr-Falcon of Greenland and that of Iceland, and
named it Falco arctictu. As this name was preoccupied, I named the
bird Hiero/aico holboeUi in his honour. The large Red-poll {Canndbina
holboeUt), from Scandinavia and Siberia, is also named after him. The
latter species has occurred occasionally in England.

Holden (W. L.).

7 bu^ from Paraguay. Presented. [1904. 11. 30, 1-7.]

Holland (Arthur H.).

789 birds and eggs from Argentina. Purchased. [97. 11. 14, 1-224 ;
98. 3. 25, 1-565.]

Mr. Holland is an energetic young naturalist who has devoted much
attention to the ornithology of the Argentine Republic, on which subject
he has published: some interesting papers (Ibis, 1890, pp. 424-428 ;
1891, pp. 16-20; 1892, pp. 193-214; 1893, pp. 467-469; 1895, pp. 213-
217 ; 1896, pp. 315-318).

His collection of eggs, 565 in number, has proved to be of the utmost
value to the Museum, as can be seen in the published volumes of the
" Catalogue of Eggs." Among the birds was the type of Hapalocercus
hoUandiy Sclater, Ibis, 1896, p. 317.

Hoist (P. A.).

44 birds from Central Asia, of which 7 were new to the collection.
Purchased. [83. 4. 3, 1-37 ; 83. 5. 23, 1-7.]

Duplicates from the Severtzoff and Russow coUections. Also some
interesting species from the Caucasus.

9 birds from Sweden. Purchased. [84. 7. 29, 1-9.]

50 birds from Russia, Siberia, Turkestan, and other parts of Central
Asia, with 3 species new to the collection. [84. 9. 25. 1-20 ; 86. 3. 31,
1-30.]

Hoist was a young Swedish collector who settled in England for a time
as an agents and from whom the Museum purchased several interesting
specimens. He afterwards travelled in the East for Henry Seebohm, and
visited the Volcano Islands, the Liu Kiu Islands, and the Bonin group,
as well as Formosa. Here he discovered a beautifid new Tit (Parus holsH)
named after him by Seebohm (Ibis, 1995, pi. vi.).

2 o 2

388 Zoology.

Home (Sir James Evebabd), JJJV.

59 birds from New Zealand and Tongataba. Presented. [46. 12. 4,
59.]

A son of the well-known Sir Everard Home.

Cf. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxvii., pp. 227, 228.

Hooker {Sir Joseph).

17 nests from various localities. Presented. [66. 11. 17, 1-17.]
Sir Joseph Hooker was naturalist to the Antarctic Expedition, surgeon
to the Erebus during the celebrated voyage of Sir James Hoss in 183^43,
assisted by Dr. McCormick and Dr. LyalL The collections made by Sir
Joseph at the various islands visited were very complete (cf. my paper on
the Birds of Eerguelen Island in the 168th volume (extra vol!) of the
^Philosophical TnLnsactions").

Cf. also *' Who's Who,** 1904, p. 751.

Hopkinson (Dr. E.).

25 skeletons of birds from the Ghunbia. Presented. [1904. 4. 28,
1-13; 1904.6.26,1-12.]

Horn (W. A.).

19 birds from Central Australia, including a specimen of the rare
Queen Alexandra's Parrakeet (Spaihopterus (dexandrm\ new to the
collection. Presented. [95. 11. 18, 1 ; 98. 5. 15, 1-18.]

In 1894 Mr. Horn promoted the celebrated " Horn Scientific Exploring
Expedition " to Central Australia (see the *' Journal," etc., published by
the Government of South Australia, as a Blue Book, in 18961 The birds
obtained on the expedition were described by Mr. A. J. North (Rep. Horn
Exped. Centr. Austr., Part U., Zoology, Aves, pp. 53-111, pis. v.-vii.).

Horsbrugh (Chables B.).

26 nests from the Sundal Valley, Norway. Presented. [99. 8. 31,
1-26.1

Mr. Horsbrugh accompanied me during one of my excursions to
Norway, when we made a careful study of the nesting habits of the
Brambling (FringiUa montifringilla) and the Chaffinch (F. csslebs), and
collected a number of nests.

The nest in sitUf with the parent birds and four nestlinss, of the
Tawny Owl (iS^mtu7i» cUuco) from Martock, Somersetshire. I^esented.
[1901. 5. 2, 1-6.] Exhibited in the Bird Gallery.

Horsfield (Dr. Thomas).

3 specimens of Indian birds. Presented. [47. 9. 17, 1-3.]
Horsfield served under Sir Stamford Baffles in Java, and was well
known for his work on the Zoology of the island (cf. his paper in the
Linnean Transactions, xiii., pp. 133-200, 1820 — *' Sytematic Arrangement
and Description of Birds from the Island of Java"; aJao "Zoological
Researches in Java," 4to, 1824), and in conjunction with Vigors he wrote
a valuable memoir on the " Australian Birds in the collection of the Linnean
Society " (Trans. Linn. Soc., xv., pp. 170-331, 1825-26). Many new
species were described, the types of which were afterwaras given to the
British Museum. He was appointed, in 1820, Keeper of the Museum
of the Hon. E. I. Co., a post he retained till his death in 1859. He wrote
several catalogues of the contents of the Museum, but^in the case of the
Birds and Lepidoptera, the work was chiefiy done by his assistant, Mr.
Frederic Moore.

Cf. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxvii., pp. 379-380.

Birds. '389

Hose (Charles), D,Se,
See aho Gebbabd, E.

16 specimens of Esculent Swifts {Collocal%a\ with their nests and
^gs, from Sarawak. Presented. [88. 1. 6, 1-16.1

83 birds from Mts. Ealulong and Dulit in N.W. Borneo. Presented.
[93. 7. 2, 1-83.]

For the description of the Mt. Dulit collection, cf. * Ibis,' 1892, pp.
322-324, 430-442, pis. x., xi. The collection from Kalulong is described
in the * Ibis' for 1893, pp. 546-550.

60 specimens of Bomean birds in spirits. Presented. [97. 2. 29, 1-24.1
277 specimens from Tarious districts of Sarawak and the island of

Celebes. Presented. [99. 8. 31, 1-6 (Mount Dulit and Mount Mulu) ;
1900. 2. 15, 1-150; 1900. 3. 20, 1-45.J

96 birds in spirits from Borneo. [1904. 5. 2, 1-96.]

Hubbard {Bev. E. H.).

8 specimens from Nassa, Speke Gulf, Victoria Nyanza. Purchased
through Mr. F. C. Smith. [95. 3. 3, 1-8.]

Contained the types of a new Francolin (Frcmcolinus hubbardi)
described by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant (Bull. B.O.C., iv., p. 27, 1895).

Hudson (W. H.).

61 nests and eggs from Buenos Aires. Presented. [74. 5. 21, 5-65.1
Mr. Hudson is the well-known naturalist who has thrown so mucD

light upon the ornithology of the Argentine Republic (see ** Argentine
Ornithology," by Sclater and Hudson). His accounts of the habits of
birds have always been most interesting. His collections from Conchitas
were described by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin (P.Z.S., 1868, pp. 137-146).

Hudson's Bay Company.

A specimen of the Golden Eagle. Presented. [43. 11. 28, 10.]

Hiigel {Baron A. von).

4 Grannets (Sula hassana) from the Bass Rock. Presented. [73. 11. 4,

These were presented with the idea of forming a group of Bass Rock
birds. Some of the specimens are in the great case now in the Bird
Gallery.

35 specimens from various localities. Presented. [73. 12. 3, 1-33 ;
73. 12. 26, 13-14.]

Very interesting specimens of PalaBarctic birds, including the skin of a
Griffon Vulture {Qyps fulvtui).

16 birds from dampehire. Presented. [74. 3. 14, 28-43.]

23 birds from New Zealand. Presented. [80. 5. 3, 1-23.1 The
types of Phalacrocorax stewarti are included in this donation (cf. Cat. B.,
xxvi., p. 386).

Baron von Hiigel is the son of the celebrated Baron Carl von Hiigel,
who wrote the well-known work of travel, " Easchmir und das Reich der
Siek,** 1840-1848.

The donations to the British Museum were from his collection of
British birds which the young Baron made before he went out to the Fiji
Islands and New Zealand. Some of the specimens which he gave to the
Museum were of great intrinsic value.

390 Zoology.

Hugh {Father).

94 birda from the province of Shen-si in Western China. [98. 10. 30,
1-10 ; 1900. 4. 28, 1-47; 1900. 9. 9, 1-17 ; 1902. 10. 10, 1-20.]

Father Hugh's early collections were described by me in the ** Clomptes
Bend us ** of the third International Congress of Ornithologists at Paris in
1900 (Omis, xi., pp. 173, 185).

Huxnblot {Governor).
See Fbank, G. A.

Hume (Allan Octavian), O.B.

10 specimens of birds from the Nicobar Islands, and other parts of
the Indian Empure. Presented. [74. 1. 17, 1-10.]

At this time nearly all the species were new to the collection —
JSthopyga nicobarioa^ Halcyon saturalior, Carpophaga instdaris^ etc.

lb fill skins and eggs of birds from various parts of the Indian Empire.

The collection consisted of about 82,000 specimens, of which 75,577
were placed in the Museum cabinets, as follows : —

2830 Birds of Prey (Acctpitri/armes). [85. 8. 19, 1-2830.] (VoL i.
of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

Types of eight species, Astur poliopsis, Acdpiter melanoachistus,
&nza^tu8 aphynx, Spilomis davisonif 8. minimus, Milvus mdanoiis,
fiemis tweeddalei. Baza snmatrensiB, Faico atriceps, and Polioaetu$
plwnheus,

1165 Owls {Strigi/ormes). [86. 2. 1, 1-1165.] (VoL iL of the
"Catalogue of Birds.")

Types of nine species. Scops hrucei^ S. nicobaricM, S. baUij Carine
ptUchra, Eeteroglaux lUewitti, Ninox obscuruSf Asio hutleri, Symium
maingayif and Strix de-roepstorffi.

2819 Crows, Jays, Orioles, etc. [86. 3. 1, 1-2819.] (VoL iii. of the
"Catalogue of Birds.")

6 types: Corvus Uttvrencei, Corone insolens, Dendrociita cissimilis,
OarrtUus leucotis, Dissemuroides dicruriformis.

4493 Cuckoo-shrikes and Flycatchers. (Vol. iv. of the " Catalogue of
Birds.'')

21 types: Vdvocivora intermedia, V, neglecta, V, innominata,
Pericrocottu subardens, P, neglectus, P. flammi/er, Praiincola albisuper-
cHiaria, P. macrorhyncha, Leucocerca infumata, Terpsiphone nicobarica,
Philentoma intermedium, Cryptolopha jerdoni, Siphia rvfigvlaris,
Cyomis oiivacea, C, aUKholivacea, C, poliogenys, C. manddlii, Siphia
minuta, S,/renata, Anthipea aiibmoniliger, Muacitrea cyanea,

4670 Thrushes and Warblers. (Vol. v. of the '* Catalogue of Birds.")

28 types : Sylvia althea, S, minula (or S. minuscula), PhylioBcopus
hurmaniciu, P, seebohmi, P, tytleri,* P, humei, P. flavo-^ivaoeus, P.
neglectus, P. sindianus, P. manddlii, P. subviridis, P. davisoni, Jerdonia
agricdenns, Acrooephaltu mucrorhynchus, Locustella suhsignaia, Trihura
major, T. mandeUii, T. intermedia, Herhivocula hrooksi, Cettta
cettoidea, Horomis erythrogenys, ff. pallidus, H. brtmnescent, Turdulu$
davisoni, (hocichla tricolor, Turdus svbpallidus, Saxicola albonigra, S.
kingi,

* Canon Tribtram (Cat. Coll., p. 150) mentions the type of P. tyOeri of
Brooks as being in his collection. Brooks* original sptoimens are in the
Hume Collection, and the Museum has also the example mentioned by
Brooks as being obtained by Col. Tytler at Simla (c/. Brooks, Ibis, 1872.
p. 22).

Birds. 391

3100 Bulbuls and Wrens, Dippers, etc. [86. 9, 1-3100.] (Vol. vi. of
the ** Catalogue of Birds.")

16 types : ^githina nigrolutea^ Hypsipetes concdor, Eemioous hUde-
hrandti, H, daviaoni^ I6U terricoloVf Micropus ftucoflavescens^ Criniger
gutturaiis, C. burmanicus, C. theoides, Molpastes humeif Otocompaa per-
sonaUi^ Fyenonottis davisoni^ P. xanthcHmmus^ Ixidia loeberiy Anorthura
negleda^* Sphenocichla hvmei,

7304 specimens of Timeliine birds. [86. 10. 1, 1-7304.] (Vol. vii.
of the "Catalogue of Birds.")

30 types: Myiophoneus ewjenei, Lioptila daviwni^ BUtn/ordius
striattdtUf Suya albigtUaris, Drymoipus terricolor, D, ru/escens, D.
inrignis, Orthoiomus niiidus^ Trochalopterum erythroimma, Argya edipeSf
Pomatorkinus cbacttrus, F. austeni, P. tickeUi, P. inglxsi^ Dryonastes
ftubcmrukUtu, Pyctorhia griseigularis, Pdlomeum minus, P, tgnotunif
Trichastoma minor, Stachyridopsis rufi/rons, S, poliogaster^Minlarufigu-
Iari$, 8chceniparu8 dulntUy Ixtdtts humUiSf /. rufigeniSy Alcippe brucei,
A. bourdHUmif Siva castaneicauda, S. sordida. Accentor jerdoni.

2119 specimens of Tits and Shrikes. [86. 11. 1, 1-2119.] (Vol viii.
of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

9 types : Lophophanes humei, jEgithaliscus manipurensis, Pterythius
intermedins^ Eylocharis occipitalis^ Certhia manddtii, C. hodgsoni, C.
manipurensis, C. stoliezkae, Sitta kashmeriensis,

1789 specimens of Sun-birds (Nectariniidm) and White-eyes {Zoster-
opidm). [86. 12. 1, 1-1789.] (Vol. ix. of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

8 types : Chaicostetha ii^perata, ^thopyga nicobarica, JE, cara^ JS,
tnaldenifArachnothera intermedia. A, andamanica, Arachnothera simil"
lima, and Zosterops aureiventer.

3724 specimens of Swallows (Birundinidm), Wagtails, and Pipits
{Motacaiidm). [87. 2. 1, 1-3724.] (Vol. x. of the " Catalojiue of Birds.")

8 types : Dicmum virescens, Prionochilus modestus, Hirundo sub-
striolata, H. pallida, H. intermedia^ H, archetes, Anthus cockbwmim,
A. ariseorufescens. The type of Cotile obscurior was not in the collection,
and the specimen did not reach the British Museum.

2375 specimens of Finches (Frinyillidm). [87. 6. 1, 1-2375.] (Vol.
xiL of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

8 types : Coccothraustes humei, Propasser amhiguus, P. saturatus,
Procarduelis mandellii, Chrysomitris tibetana, Montifringilla Ua^furdi,
M, mandeUii, Pyrrhospiza humei.

3766 specimens of Starlings {Stumidm), Weaver-birds (Ploceidm), and
Larks (Alaudidm). [87. 7. 1, 1-3766.] (Vol. xiii. of the " Catalogue of
Birds.")

22 types : Sturnus nitens, S, amhiguus, 8. minor, 8, menzbieri, 8.
nobUior, 8turnia incognita, Color uis irwini, C. tytleri, Ploceus mega-
rhynchus, P. chryseus, Mtmia semistriata, M. non-striata, M, superstriata,
M, inglisi, Estrelda burmanica, Alauda guttata, Calandrella tibetana,
AlaudtUa adamsi, Mira/ra immaculata, M. microptera, Oalerita magna,
and Spizalauda simillima.

807 specimens of Ant-Thrushes {Pittidm), Broadbills {EurylmmidmX
[87. 5. 1, 1-807.] (Vol. xiv. of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

4 types : Pitta oatesi, P. davisoni, Eucichla gumeyi, and Psarisomus
assimtiis.

* Brooks' actual types of Troalodytes neglectus are in the Home Collec-
tion, and are marked *Uype." Canon Tristram's specimen quoted as the
type (Cat, p. 167) can only be oonaidered a oo-type.

392 Zoology.

1110 specimeng of Hoopoes {Upupm), [87. a 20, 1-135.] Swifts
(Cypaeli), Nightjars (Caprimulg^t and Frog-mouths (Podargt), [87. 8.
1, 1-976.] (Vol. xvi. of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

8 types: Chmtura indica^ CoUoccUia innominata, C. ineocpecUUa^
CaprifMUgtu unwini^ C. andamanicus, Lyncomis hourdilloni, Ba-
trac?io8tomu8 castaneuSf B, ptmctattts,

2277 specimens of Picarian birds, Hombills (Bucerotes), Bee-eaters
(Meropes), Kingfishers (Halcyanes), RoUers (Cotocub), Trogons (Tro-
gones). [87. 8. 20, 1-1753; 87. 9. 1, 1-277 ; 88. 11. 10, 1-247.] (Vol.
xvii. of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

11 types : Ewrystomtu Imtior, Felargopns intermedia^ Alcedo simil-
lima, CarcinetUes amahiUs, Halcyon saturatior, H, vidali, H. armatrongi,
H. humeif H, davisoni, Bhytidoceros narcondami.

2839 specimens of Woodpeckers (Pici). [87. 8. 10, 1-2339.] (Vol.
xviii. of the " Catalogue of Birds.**)

3 types : Oednus nigrigenys, Dendrocopus pyrrhothoraXf Micropttr-
ntu hurmanicus.

2417 specimens of Honey-Guides (/ticffoo/ores), Barbet8(Cbpt7ones),
and Cuckoos (Coccyges), [87. 12. 2, 1-1658 ; 88. 11. 30, 1-759.] (Vol.
xix. of the ** Catalogue of Birds.")

8 types : Hierococcyx nanus, Ololygon tenuirosiris, Centropua inter-
medius, C, mcucimtu, C. acheenensis, Indicator raddiffei, Oyanops
davi$oni, 0. incognita.

813 specimens of Parrots (Psittaci/ormes), [89. 1. 26, 1-813.]
(Vol. XX. of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

3 types, Palaomis indohurmanicus, P. finschi, P. tytleri,

1615 specimens of Pigeons {CclumUformes). [89. 2. 2, 1-1615.]
(Vol. xxi. of the *• Catalogue of Birds.")

5 types: Sphenocercus minor, Columha neglecUi, C. palumboides,
Turtur humilior. The type of Macropygia assimUis (Hume, ** Stray
Feathers," ii., p. 441, 1874), from MoiUmein, was not in the col-
lection.

2120 specimens of Sand-Grouse (Pterodetes), Game-birds and Mega-
podes (Oalli/ormes). [89. 5. 10, 1-2120.] (Vol. xxii. of the " Catalogue
of Birds.")

8 types : lumix albiventris, Microperdix manipurensis, M, hletvitti,
Arhoricola mandellii, Caccabis paXlidus, C, pallescenSf Francolinus
mdanonotus, Phasianus humiss.

The type of Caccabis artnaria, from Aden, was not in the col-
lection.

882 specimens of Rails (Balliformes), Cranes (Orui/ormes), Bustards
(Otides). [89. 11. 1, 1-588; 90. 2. 10, 1-45; 90. 2. 20, 1-249.]
(Vol. xxiii. of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

6 types : Eypotstnidia dbscurior, H, ahnormis, Ballina tdmatophila,
Porzana elwesi, Orus lil/ordi, G, sharpei.

2415 specimens of Wading Birds {Charadriiformes). [91. 10. 1,
1-2415.] (Vol. xxiv. of the " Catalogue of Birds.")

4 types : PhaJaroptis asiaticw, Lohipes tropicus, JEgialitis tenuirostris,
Totanus haughtoni,

882 specimens of Gulls and Terns (Lari/ormes) and Petrels (Procd-
lariiformes). [90. 5. 20, 1-882.] (Vol. xxv. of the "Catologue of
Bird«i.")

6 types : StemtUa korustes, Sterna saundersi, S. gouldi, Larus
innominatus, Stercorarius asiaticus, Puffinus persicus,

1089 specimens of Ibises {Ihididm), Herons (Artfeidm), Pelicans and

Birds. 393

Cormorants (Stegariopodes), etc., Grebes (Podicipedifarme$). [93. 10. 1,
1-15 ; 93. 10. 2, 1-689 ; 94. 6. 20, 1-220 ; 95. 2. 10, 1-165.] (Vol. xxvi.
of the "Catalogue of Birds.")

7 types: Chraptocephcdtts davisoni, Butortdes spodiogaster, Ardetla
pulchray Phdethon indicus^ Pdecanus longirostris, Podicipes cUbipenniSf
P. albescens,

761 specimens of Oeese and Ducks (Anseri/ormes), [94. 6. 1, 1-761.]
Vol. xxvii. of the " Catalogue of Birds.**

2 types : Cygnus unwini, Nettion atbi/ulare,

15,965 specimens of eggs. [91. 3. 20, 1-9999 ; 92. 9. 1, 1-5966.]

This splendid collection has oeen described by Mr. Hume himself in
his " Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds,** 8to, 1873, and again in Mr. Gates*
edition of the above work (3 vols., 8vo, 1889-90), fJso in the " Catalogue
of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum'* (vols, i.-v., 1901-1906).

In the formation of this collection Mr. Hume received the assistance
of a devoted body of Indian oologists, and the notes that they gave him
are published in Mr. Hume's books quoted above. Among the best-known
of the contributors were Greneral G. F. L. Marshall and his brother,
Colonel C. H. T. Marshall, Colonel C. T. Bingham, Messrs. J. Gammie,
L. Mandelli, E. W. Gates, W. Davison, W. Blewitt, R. Thompson, Rhodes
Morgan, and Miss Cockburn.

Mr. Allan Hume is the youngest son of the celebrated Joseph Hume,
M.P., and has spent the best part of his life in India, where he was
Commissioner of Customs and {Secretary to the Government of India,
and has held many other appointments. During the mutiny he saved
the women and children from Etawah, where he was in command at the
time, as well as all the archives and treasure in the city, all of which he
brought in safety to Agra. Besieged bv the mutineers in the latter city,
he took a brave part in the defence, and received his C.B. for gallantry in
the field.

He will, however, be principally remembered for the wonderful
collection of Indian birds and eggs, which he made between the years
1862-1885. Not only did he collect vigorously himself, but he employed
naturalists in all parts of the Indian Empire, and himself conducted
expeditions to Sind and the Mekran Coast, the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, the Laccadives, and the hill regions of Manipur, etc.

His assistant, William liuxton Davison, was provided with a staff of
taxidermists, elephants, etc., and travelled for Mr. Hume in various
districts of British India, during the space of 13 years. Davison was a
skilled taxidermist and collector, and his explorations in Tenasserim and
the Malay Peninsula resulted in the discovery of many new and inter-
esting species. Mr. Hume also supplemented his own endeavours by the
purchase of several other well-known collections, such as the late Mr.
Mandelli*s series of Sikhim and Tibetan birds, the late Mr. W. E. Brooks*
collections from the plains of India, and many others. For fifteen years
he brought out a journal, "Stray Feathers" (1873-1888), in which he
published the results of his own efforts and those of his colleagues.

The Hume Collection was one of the most splendid donations ever
made to the Nation, and added to the Museum, which had previously but
a poor series of Indian birds, the largest and most complete collection
of birds and eg<zs from the British Indian Empire the world has ever seen.

The Hume Collection contained 258 types.

Hungarian National Museum^ Budapest.

477 birds from Hungary. Presented. [92. 6. 10, 1-104; 92. 7. 9,
1-373.1

394 Zoology.

This fine series of Hungarian birds was presented by the National
Museum after the Ornithological Congress at Budapest, and contained
several species of great interest.

Hunstein (Carl).

See Gebbabd, £.
The expedition of this young naturalist into the Horseshoe range ol
the Astrolabe Mountains resulted in the discovery of two magnificent
new species of Birds of Paradise {Paradisomis rudolfi and Astrarchia
tttephanim)f as well as a species of Diphyllodes which was called
D, hunsteini (cf. Finsch and Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Om., 11., pp. 369-391,
pis. XT.-xzii.), besides other new species. Hunstein was afterwards
drowned by a tidal wave in New Britain.

Hunter (H. C. V.).

186 birds from the Teita district and Kilimanjaro in East Africa.
Presented. [89. 3. 21, 1-186.]

10 species were new to the collection, 7 of which were described by
Capt. Shelley (P.Z.S., 1889, pp. 356-372, pis. xl., xli.). The new species
were Cinnyris hunteri, Baits mixta^ Xenocichia nigriceps, X.placida^
Alcippe hUimensis [= Lioptilus abyssinictuX Ctsticola hunteri^ Zasterops
penjncUlatcL Mr. Hunter was in pursuit of big-game, but he found time
to make an interesting collection of birds for the Museum.

18 birds from S. W. Siam. Presented. [89. 5. 23, 1-18.]

Hutton {Capt.).

23 birds and eggs from Kandahar. Presented. [66. 3. 26, 1-23J
It appears on further examination that this donation included the
types of species discovered by Capt. Hutton in Afghanistan, yiz.,
Emheriza huttoni, Blyth, J.A.S. Beng., xviii., p. 811, 1849, Carpodocus
crassiroBtris, Blyth, J.A.S. Beng., xvi., p. 476, 1847 ( = Erythrospiza
githaginea\ Argya huttoni^ Blyth, <.c., p. 476, Embertza aurifrons, Blyth,
^c, p. 476 (= Serinua pusiUus).

The types of the species of Palmomis described by Capt. Hutton in
"Stray Feathers" (Vol. i., p. 335) as P. «iva7ew«», P. saoer, P. punjabi
and P. vindhianaf do not appear to have come to the Museum.

Ihering (Dr. von), Director of the San Paulo Museum, San
Pafdoy Brazil
3 birds from San Paulo. Presented. [1901. 8. 10, 1-3.]
The type of ChiseUa iheringi, Sharpe, BuD. B.O.C., viiL, p. xl., 1899.

Imperial Commission of Agriculture, West Indies.

An example of the Sanderling (Calidris arenaria). Presented. [1904.
7. 1, 1.]

Imperial Institute.

15 birds from Australia. Presented. [90. 12. 21, 1-15.]

Im Thum {Ueut. J. K.), E,N.

9 birds from Turkey and Greece. Presented. [1904. 6. 17, 1-4;
1904. 7. 19, 1-5.]

Birds. 395

Inoe {Mrs.).

42 bird*, principally from China. Presented. [82. 12. 10, 1-42.]
Capt. Ince saw some service in China, and was, so I have been
informed, a friend of John Reeves, who gave so many specimens to the
Museum. Gould also knew him, and named a Paradise Flycatcher after
him — MvMcipeta incei, from Shanghai. The type of this species was
given by Gould to the India Museum (c/. Moore, Cat. 6. Mus. E. I. Co.,
i., p. 392). In the *' Catalogue " a reference is made to the original de-
scription as "Gbuld, P.Z.S., 1852," but the bird was never described
in the "Proceedings.** Capt. Ince seems to have been a friend of
MacGillivray's, as among the birds presented by his widow was the type
of Nectarinia austraHs, Gould, which we may presume was given to
Capt. Ince by MacGillivray or by Gould.

India, Secretary of State for.

See Ikdia Museum.

India Museum, Calcutta.

See also Anderson, John ; Blanford, W. T.
200 birds from Yun-nan and Upper Burma, collected by Dr. John
Anderson. Presented. [76. 4. 7, 1-200.]

418 specimens from Yarkand. Exchanged. [91. 7. 22, 1-418.]
This was a set of the duplicates of the collection obtained by the
second Yarkand Mission under Sir Douglas Forsyth. The collection was
fully catalogued by me in the report published by the India Office. To
this publication Mr. Hume presented several beautiful plates which he
had had drawn for his projected " Birds of India."

A specimen of Nyrooa baeri from Bengal. [98. 4. 18, 1.]

46 birds in spirits. Presented. [99. 4. 16, 1-17 ; 1900. 7. 5, 1-28.]

India Museum, London.

23 birds from India. Presented by the Hon. E. I. Co. [42. 11. 8,
7-29.]

Mostly common species, but amongst the specimens was the type of
Ihidorhynchus struthersi.

54 specimens from Shoe, collected by Sir W. Comwallis Harris.
Presented by the Hon. E. I. Co. [45. 6. 6, 1-54.]

A set of the birds obtained during the expedition to Shoa promoted
by the Hon. E. India Co.

14 specimens from the Himalayas (mostly Hodgsonian specimens).
Presented by the Hon. E. I. Co. [56. 5. 21, 7-20.]

6015 specimens from various parts of the Indian Empire. Presented
by the Secretary of State for India. [60. 4. 16, 1-584; 79.11.28,
1-700 ; 80. 1. 1, 1-4731.]

The transference of part of the India Museum collection to the British
Museum began in 1860, but the final incorporation of the old Company's
collection took place in 1880 (vide infra).

172 birds from Shoa, collected by Sir W. Comwallis Harris. [61. 2. 5,
1-34 ; 61. 5. 8, 1-138.] Presented by the Secretary of Stat« for India.

In this collection was the type of Dienemellia dienemelli (Riipp. ex
Horsf.).

The above records chronicle the dispersal of the celebrated Museum of
the old East India Company, and its incorporation in the National
Collection. The history of the bird-collection is epitomised in the
** Introductory Remarks " to the *' Catalogue of Birds in the Museum of

396 Zoology.

the Hon. East India Company," by Dr. Horsfield and Mr. F. Moore
(2 vols., 8vo, 1853-1858), the work being actually done by the latter.
Many famons naturalists helped to make this Museum celebrated, and
the collections of Sir Stamford Raffles, Dr. Horsfield, Dr. McClelland,
Sir K. Strachey, Dr. Cantor, Colonel Sykes, and other well-known men
were preserved in the India Museum, which was at first kept at the
House of the East India Company in Leadenhall Street. After the
Mutiny the collections were removed to Fife House in Whitehall, and
there I can remember seeing them when I began my work on the King-
fishers. I can well recollect my kind reception by Mr. Frederic Moore, and
with what reverence I handled the Kingfishers of that ancient collection.
The Horsfieldian types have unfortunately nearly all perished, having
been im|)erfectly preserved, and during the removal of the collections from
Leadenhall Street to Fife House, although they were carefully packed,
moths destroyed nearly the whole of them ; they are now in the British
Museum, but are nearly all devoid of feathers. The destruction of these
valuable specimens has always been a source of great grief to Mr. Moore.

The preservation of birds in the older days was not much considered,
and the specimens obtained by Colonel Sykes and Dr. McClelland were all
preserved in a rough and ready manner, so that they have not withstood
the ravages of time. Sir Stamford Raffles does not appear to have made
many skins, but to have chiefly presented coloured drawings of the species
he described.

Among the Javanese birds of Horsfield's collecting were the types of
the following species : — Hypotriorchis severus, Spizastus limnaetus, Astur
soloensisy Polioaetus ichlhyai'ius, Olaucidium castanopterum. Scops lempiji^
S. ru/escenSf Bvbo orientalis, Ketupa ketupa, PhodUus hadiua, Symium
seloputo, Collocalia linchi^ Macropieryx kUcho, Caprimvlgus macrurus,
C. affinis, Eurylmmus javanicus^ CarcinetUes ptUchdlus^ Halcyon mdan-'
opterus (= -ET. cyantventris), Alcedo meninting^ A, hiru (= -4. beryllina),
Hemipus o&scurtM, Buchanga cinerctcea, Lanitts bentet, Chrauodlus javensis,
Brachypteryx montana^ Oreocichla varia, Merula javanica^ MyiopJumeus
flavirostriSf Arrenga cyanea, Turdintts sepiariuSf Timelia pUeata, PomaiO'
rhinus montanus, Pycnonotus himaculatus, Pycnonotus simplex^ H. & M.
i= P. plumostu), Pycnonotus analis (Horsf.), Eubigula dispart Oriniger
gularis, lole maddlandi, Chloropsis viridis, C, javensis, Zoeterops flava,
Z. javanica^ JEgithina scapularis, Oriolus xanthonotus^ Copsychus
amoenusj Siphia banyurmis, Stoparola indigo, Orthotomus septum, Prinia
familiariSy Cettia montanoy Mira/ra javanica, Corone enca, Phrenotrix
temia (= Crypsorhina varians), ChntorheajavensiSyXantholmmaaustralis,
Miglyptes tristis, Thriponax javensisy Chrysocolaptes strictuSy Ohrysonotus
tiga, Qecinvs puniceus, Zandostomus javanicus, Sumiculus lugubris,
ChaJcococcyx xanthorhynchus, C. hascHis, Phosnicophaus mdanognaihus
( = Bhinococcyx curvirostris),Arhor%coIa orientdliSf Heteropygia acuminata^
Scolopax saturata, Ardeola speciosa, Dendrocygna arcttatOf and D.
javanica.

The above list has been taken from Horsfield and Moore's Catalogue
and my " Hand-list of Birds," but there may still be a few of Horsfield's
types which have escaped my notice. A certain number came into the
Museum, but many were eaten up by moth.

Of Raffles' types many were represented by actual specimens as well
as by drawings, and these came with the rest of the collection from the
East India Company's Museum. It is interesting to see from the intro-
ductory remarks to Horsfield and Moore's Catalogue that the early
collections made by Horsfield were presented by Raffles, as Lieutenant-

Birds. 397

Governor of Java, in 1813 and 1817. It was not until 1819 that
Dr. Horsfield presented specimens on his own account.

Tiie following Rafflesian types wore added to the Museum by the
dispersion of the India Museum : — Spizaetus oaligatus, Ninox scutulata^
Lanivbs divaricattu (? = L. tigrinus), Tephrodomis gularis, Mixomis
gulariSy JSthopyga siparaja^ Chrysococcyx malayanvs, Zanclostomus
sumairanuSf Bhinortha c/iloropJiaa, Microptemas hadius^ Oecinu$ affinis^
Choiorhea versicolor, Tanygnathus sumatranus, Ducula bttdiat Rallina
fasciaiaf Eurylmmus ochromelas, Cory don Bumatraum, Calyptomtna
viridis.

There were also the types of Colonel Sykes's collection from the Deccan,
described by him in the *• Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1832 "
(pp.77-99): — Columba dphinstonei, Sykes, Accipiter duMiunensis^ = Astur
haditui), Astur hyder ( = Butastur teesa), Circus pallidus ( = C. macrurus).
Circus variegatus ( = (7. xruginosus\ Milvus govinda^ Muscioapa poonensis
( = Alseonax latirostris), M. cmruleocephala ( = Hypothymis azurea\
Hemipus picatus, Fetrocinda maaJ ( = Moniicola cyana), Argya malcolmi,
Crateropus somervilleif Fomatorhinus horsfieldiy Uypolais rama^ Bumesia
socidliB, Frinia inomata^ Orthotomus beneiii and 0, lingoo {= Sutoria
sutoria), Budytes beema, B, melanocephalay Motadlla Tnelanocephalus
( = Jf. feldeggt), Megcdurus ruficeps ( = Fdlonieum ruficeps\ Anthus
agilis (= A, trivicUis), Saxicola bicoior and S, erythropygia (= Praiincola
caprata), 8. rubeculoides (= Muscicapa albicUIa), Cdlandrdla dukhu-
nensiSf Spizdlauda dera, Emheriza svhcristaia ( = Mdophus rnelanicterus\
Londiura cheet (= Aidemosyne malaharica)^ Fastor mahratteruiSf Corvus
culminatvSf Fstttctcus mdanorhynchus (= FcHmornis peristerodes)^ Cin-
tiyris vigorsi, C. minima, C. concolor ( = J&. vigorsi, $ ).

In addition to these very important types there are ako those of several
sjpecies described by Mr. Frederic Moore : — Brachypteryx nipalensia^
Fnoepyga longioaudaia, Alcippe cantori (= MalcKopterum affine, Blyth),
Turdinus magrtirostriSf Microtarsus olivaccus (= Fycnonotus simplex),
M. cantori (= Finarocichla euptilosa), Jlypsipetes nicohaHensis, Ixtdus
castaneiceps (= Staphidia castaneiceps), Irena mdlayensis ( = /. cyanea\
Nemura hoagsoni (= Niiidula hodgsoni), Buticilla nipalensis {= B.
rufiventris), B. hodgsoni, B, vigorsi {= B, erythrogaster), B. rufogularis
{B, erythronota), Orthotomus flavoviridis (= 0, atrigularis), Horeites
major, Suya atrogularis, Frinia nipalensis (= P. inomata), Abromis
albigularis. A, hodgsoni, A. affiuis. Accentor huttoni {= A, atrigularis\
A. rubeculoides, jEgithaliscus leucogenys, Otocorys longirosiris, Emheriza
stracheyi, E. castaneiceps, Uroloncha leucogastroides, Corvus sinetisis
(= C levaillanti), C, tenuirostris, Megalama nuuxlellandi {= Thereiceryx
lineatd), Chrysococcyx hodgsoni (= C. maculatus), Upupa nigripennis^
Arachnothtra temmincki (= -4. crassirostris).

Of McClelland's species described in the '* Proceedings of the Zoological
Society " for 1839 (pp. 146-167), the types of the following were acquired
from the India Museum : — Spizaetus ( = Astur) rufitinctus, Tinnunculus
interstinctus, Hirundo brevirostris (= Collocalia brevirostris), IL brevi-
caudata (= Clivicola sinensis), Fhcenicomis elegans (= Fericrocotus
speciosus) (c/. Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, I., p. 479), F. affinis (= P.
brevirostris), Muscicapa ( = Hemipus) capitalis, Idle macdellandi, Hypsipetes
gi-acQis (= Lioptila gracilis), Qrav4xilu8 maculosus (= Campophaga
lugubris), lanthocinda gularis, L lunaris ( = Dryonastes ruficollis), Ixus
monticola (= Otocompsa jocosa), Saxicola oHvea{= Oligura cyaniventer\
Liothrix lepida (= Siva cyanuroptera), L, signata (= hiltava ma^c^
gregorim), L, ornata (= Minla ignotincta, but the type was apparently

398 Zoology.

never sent to tbe India Museum), Mirafra assamica, M, flavicoUis
(= Emberiza aureola)^ Lonchura melanocepJicUa (= Munia atricapiHa)^
Dendrocitia frontalis, Coracias affiniB, Oecintdus grarUia, Oinnyris omo-
mentis ( = JEihopyga saturcUa), C. labecula ( = ^. seherim), CfUoropsis
chrysogaster (= C. hardwickC),

IngaU (G.).

88 specimens of sterna, etc., of British birds. Presented. [44. 12. 28,
1-88.]

Ingham {Sir James).

13 specimens from tbe Louisiade Archipelago and Cloudy Bay,
S.E. New Guinea. Presented. [78. 10. 19, 1-13.1

These were obtained by his son, who was an official in British New
Guinea when the colony was first founded. This collection contained an
example of Goura albertisif received by the Museum for the first time.

Inglis (J.).

See Watkiitb and Doncusteb.
Mr. Inglis collected in Cachar, and a series of his skins is in the
Hume Collection. He has also written several papers on birds ((f. Stray
F., v., pp. 1-47 ; ix., pp. 241-269 ; Joum. Bomb. N. H. Soc., xiii., pp. 621-
631; xiv., pp. 132-139, 362-371, 554-563, 764-771; xv., pp. 70-77,
337-343.

Ingram (Collingwood).

26 birds from Argentina. Presented. [1901. 9. 25, 1-18 ; 1901. 11. 9,
1-8.]

A variety of the Mistle Thrush (7\trdu8 viscivorus). Presented.
[1905. 7. 1, 1.]

A specimen of Turturferrago. Presented. [1904. 7. 3, 1.]

Mr. Collingwood Ingram is the son of Sir William Ingram, Bart, and
has collected specimens for the Museum in the countries in which he
travels.

Ingram {Sir William), Bart,

135 birds from San Paulo, Brazil. Presented. [1901. 3. 28, 1-103 ;
1902. 2. 22, 1-32.]

This collection was made by M. Robert at Sao Paulo, S.E. Brazil,
and presented by Sir William Ingram, who was one of the subscribers to
the expedition.

4 specimens of Oryptunis tataupa, Plegadis faldneUus «rA Fhlogcenas
crinigera. Presented. [1904. 12. 3, 1-2 ; 1904. 12. 20, 1 ; 1904. 12. 29, 1.]

2 young specimens of the Abyssinian Francolin {Ftemistes leucoscepus).
Presented. [1905.6.22,1-2.]

A Cape Penguin. [1905. 7. 23, 1.]

A young Scarlet Ibis {Eudocimus ruber). Presented. [1905. 8. 3, 1.]

A specimen of Rhynchotue rufescens. Presented. [1905. 9. 1, 1.]

A Francolin and a Burmese Myna (Ampeliceps coronatue). Presented.
[1905.9.13,1; 1905.11.12,1.]

Irby (Ool, Leonard Howabd).

98 birds from Gibraltar and Southern Spain. Presented. [72. 10. 3,

22-64; 72. 10. 4, 5 ; 80. 12. 14, 1-44 ; 87. 6. 3, 1-5 ; 87. 6. 29, 1-5.]
9 birds from Suffolk. Presented. [88. 3. 10, 1-9.]
9 birds from tbe island of Tiree. Presented. [88. 12. 15, 1-9.]

Birds. 399

A specimen of the Elobby (Falco subbuteo) from Cuckfield, Sussex.
Pl«»nte<L [1904. 10. 'U, 1.]

Colonel Irby is the well-known historian of the Ornithology of the
Straits of Gibrolr>fer (c/. London, 1875, 8vo, pp. 1-236 ; 2nd edition,
London, 1895,^6vo, pp. 1-326). Among the rare species presented by
7 ™. *? ^^}^^^yixn. from Southern Sj>ain was Savi's Warbler (Loeustdla
iMidnioidef^^ of which he gave a series of the birds with nests and

Ja^Mon (Captain Frederick G.).

Is from Cape Flora and other places in Franz Josef Land. Pre-
fited. [98. 1. 2, 1-33.]

Nest and eggs, witn parent-birds, of the Ivory Gull (PagophUa
''tburnea). Presented.

Mr. Jackson was the leader of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition to
tbe Arctic (cf. his work, " A Thousand Days in the Arctic," London and
New York, 1899 (?), 8vo, I., pp. xxi, 551 ; II., pp. xv, 580). He was
keenly interested in natural history, and did what he could to collect
during his two winters passed in Franz Josef Land. He discovered a
nesting colony of the Ivory Gull (FagophUa ebumea), and presented to
the Museum an interesting case of these birds, with the nest and eggs
in situr—one of the most interesting of the bird-groups. He also recordeid,
for the first time, the occurrence of the Lapland Bunting {Cal^xxriuB
lapponicus) in Frahz Josef Land.

Jackson (Frederick J.), C.B., 0M,0.

162 birds from Teita and Mt. Kilimanjaro, Manda Island and Lamu.
Presented. [87. 11. 3, 1-33, 54-176; 87. 11. 29, 1-7; 88. 2. 1,
1-44.J

This collection contained no less than 18 species new to the Museum,
including the type of Ploceus jacksoni and many other valuable specimens.
Jt was described by Capt. Shelley in the "Ibis" for 1888 (pp. 287-306,
I)ls. vL and vii.).

Two eggs of Struthio Tnassaictu, Presented. [91. 1. 30, 1, 2.]

47 birds from Mount Elgon and the neighbouring districts. Pre-
sented. [93. 12. 1, l-i7.]

Of these 47 specimens, no less than 44 were types of new species.
The collection was described by me in the '* Ibis " for 1891, pp. 117-127,
233-260, pis. iv.-vi., 587-602, pis. xii. and xiii, 1892, pp. 152-164, pi. iv.,
299-322, pi. vii., 534-555, pi. xiv.

10 types of new species from Uganda. Presented. [97. 4. 1, 1;
97. 10. 31, 1-9.]

18 types of new species from the Nandi district. Presented. [99. 8.
13, 1-8; 1900. 6. 22, 1-6; 1901. 10. 9, 12; 1901. 11. 12, 1-2.]

26 types of new species from the Huwenzori Range. Presented.
[1902. 12. 8, 1-17; 1903. 9. 16, 1; 1904. 4. 25, 1; 1904. 6. 28, 1, 2;
1905. L 10, 1-4; 1906. 1. 6, 1.1

Described by me in the " Bulletin cf the British Ornithologists' Club,"
vol. vi., p. xlviii. ; vii., pp. vi., vii. ; x., pp. xxvii., xxviii. ; xi., pp. 28, 29,
57 ; xiii., pp. 7-10, 20, 21, 50 ; xiv., pp. 19, 94 ; and by Mr. Jackson in
vols. viii. (pp. xxii., 1.), xiv., pp. 74, 94. A few species have also been
described by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, and others by Mr. Oscar Neumann.

8 birds from British East Africa aod Uganda. Presented. [1904.
10. 10, 1-8.1

Some idea 'of tbe value of Mr. Jackson's donations to the National

400 Zoology,

Collection may *be gathered from the follouvSng list of types (06 in
number) pretented by him : — Francolinm jackson^^iLF, uluensis, F. strep-
phortt8y F. elgonensiSf F. kikuyuetisis, Numida r«S|cA«nom, Haplopdia
Jackson i, Turturoena sharpei, Lophoceros jackBonit Irria^tjackson i , Mditfo-
phagus oreobates, Cuculus jacksoni^ Barbatula leucomyalff^^t B, jacksonif
Oymnohucco cinereiceps^ Trachyphonus elgonensis, Dendr^kg^v^ palliduSj
Dendropicus nandensts, Mezopicus ruweiizori^ Hirtmdo arcffifc^cto, Pori-
8oma jacksoni, Platystira j'acksoni, Cryptolopha Imta, C. ma^tl^nzianaf
Trochocerctis cUbonotatus, Oraucalus purus, Bieda pallidigula^ ^^^dka-
inegm, B, kikuyuensis, B. leucolmma^ Andropadus Imtissimus, Cr<ucMT<>P^
buxtoni, Turdinus cUriceps, T, jacksoni, Bathmedonia jacksoni, MSK^<f
dgonensiSf M, barakm, Callene tequatorialis, Oossypha giHseisticta, Cai'ch^t'
Erythropygia ukambensiSf Alethe poliophrys, MyrmecocicMa cryptoleuo^
Cisiicola ambigua, C. chubbi, CaiamocicKla jacksoni^ CrypiUlas rufescens^
ApaJis pulchra, A. jacksoni, A. personata, Euprinodes cinereus, Dryodro-
mas rufidorsaliSf Sylviella jacksoni, S. minimay 8. leucophrys, 8. barakas,
Camaropieragriseigula, Bumesia ugandm { — B, reichenowi. Hart].), Ftscus
mackinnoni, Ihryoscopus albo/asciatus, D. pringlei, D. nandensis, D, jack-
soni, Laniarius castaneiceps (= D. luhderi, Keicbenow), Farus nigri-
cineretis, P. barakm, Zosterops kikuyuensis, Nectarinia barakm (= N.
purpureiventris, Reichenow), N, mneigularis, N. jacksoni (= N. tacazze,
Kiipp.), Cyanomitra alinm, Cinnyris bradshawi ( = (7. deminuta, Cab.),
C. reichenoivi, Anthus latistrialus, Macronyx winUmi, M. sharpei, Serinus
aXbifrons, Foliospiza striatipcctvs, Drepanoplecles jcuikfoni, Fenthetriopsis
humeraliSf Urobractiya nigronotata, Fyromelana xanthochIamys(= F,
ansorgei, Hartert), Cryplospiza jacksoni, C. ocularis, C. shdleyi, HcieV'
hyphantes stephanophorus, Hyphantornis jacksoni, Sycobrotus insignis,
8. nandensis, Niarita schistaoea, Sitagra aiiena, Lamprotomis brevicauda,
Oaleopsar sahxtaorii, Fceoptera greyi, Amydrus elgonensis, Fholidauges
sharpei,

Jamaica Institute.

20 birds from Jamaica. Purchased. [1905. 1. 31, 1-20.]

James (Habby Bebkeley).

1382 birds and 678 eggs from Chili. Presented. [91. 9. 9, 1-263 ;
92. 2. 10, 1-1042; 93. 7. 1, 1-63; 96. 12. 31, 3-16; 98. 1. 4, 1-678.]

Mr. Berkeley Jarnes made considerable collections of birds himself and
purchased specimens from Ley bold and other Chilian naturalists. He also
acquired the collections made by Messrs. Kahmerand A. A. Lane in 'Uara-
pac^ (qf. Scl., P.Z.S., 1886, pp. 395-404, pi. xxxvi). Mr. James wrote the
** New List of Chilian Birds," which is the latest catalogue of the binls
of that portion of South America. His donation of such a complete series
of birds and eggs was a very valuable one. It included the type of
Fhcmicopterus jamesi and a Sand Plover (^gicUitis occidentalis), new to
the oollectioD.

James {Sir H. Evan).

62 birds from South Manchuria. Presented. [86. 12. 21, 1-45;
87. 6. 2, 1-37.]

Two interesting collections of birds were presented by Sir Evan
James, being the only ones which the Museum has ever obtained from
this part of Northern Asia. Sir Evan James, when stationed in Sind,
made some collections of birds which he sent to Mr. Hume (Str. F., i..
pp. 419-421 ; iii., p. 418; v., pp. 61, 62 ; ix., p. 235).

Birds. 401

JameB (Dr.).

See HiGGiNS, T.
12 birds from British New Guinea. [77. 4. 6, 1-12.]

Jameson (!&«.).

17 specimens from Tambuya, on the Aruwhimi River, Upper Congo.
[90. 3. 3, 1-17.]

These birds were presented to the Museum by Mrs. Jameson after her
husband's death ; 6 species were new to the Musexmi, and the types of
8 new species, described by Capt. Shelley in the "Ibis" for 1890
(pp. 156-170, pi. Y.\ and by myself in the Appendix to the ** Story of
^e Bear-column" a890, pp. 392-422) (Cosaypha bariteloti, Fholidomis
jamesoni and Dioj^iorophyia jame$on%\ were added.

205 specimens from lifashona Land. Presented. [1900. 2. 4, 1-205.]

This was the collection made by the late J. S. Jameson during his well-
known expedition to Mashona Land in the days when it was practically
unexplored. He was accompanied by the veteran naturalist, IL-. Thomas
Ayres, who wrote some interesting notes on the habits of the birds
collected by the expedition (c/. Shelley, Ibis, 1882, pp. 236-263, 349-368,
td. vii.). A few specimens were given by Jameson to Capt Shelley, and
have passed into the Museum along with the Shelley collection of African
birds, and the remainder wore presented by Mrs. Jameson.

102 specimens from the Aruwhimi River. Presented. [1900. 2. 10,
1-102.]

This was the collection made daring the Emin Pasha relief expedition,
and was given by Mrs. Jameson after her husband's death.

A second collection, left by Jameson at the time of his death at
Tambuya, never reached his wife, but was ultimately disposed of by a
survivor of the expedition to the Hon. Walter Rothschild as having been
collected by himself; some of the specimens, however, bore labels in the
handwriting of my late friend.

59 specimens from the Lawas River, N.W. Borneo. Presented. [1901.
1. 31, 1-59.]

In 1877 Jameson visited N.W. Borneo, and made an expedition up
the Lawas River, which was then very little known. He discovered
MactiaerhamphuB cUcinus in Borneo, but most of his early collections were
mounted in glass cases, and only a small portion of the Lawas series
passed into the Museum.

Jameson was an enthusiastic collector, and made a great mistake in
paying money to be allowed to join the Stanley expedition for the relief
of Emin Pasha. He could easily have made an expedition on his own
aocoimr, and would then have had a real opportunity for collecting ; as it
was he was able to do very little natural history work on the Congo, and
ultimately lost his life. His aim was to have done something important
in the way of scientific exploration, and his " Apologia " is to be seen in
his posthumous volume on the adventures of the Rear-column (q.v.^ pp.
392-422).

Janson (Edward Wesley).

9 birds from Chili. Purchased. [72. 5. 27, 16-24].

17 birds from Japan. Purchased. [76. 7. 25, 1-17.]

9 birds from the Fiji Islands, collected by Dr. Smith. Purchased.
[78. 8. 3, 1-9.]

38 birds from Japan and the Liu-Eiu Islands, collected by the late
Harry Pryer. Purchased. [80. 11. 1, 1-26 ; 87. 10. 2, 1-12.]

VOL. II. 2 D

402 Zoology.

Two species of Woodpeckers (^Oecinus aiifokera and lyngipicus kisukC}
were new to the collection.

6 birds from Queensland, collected by Mr. Horace Flower. Purchased.
[81. 3. 5, 1-6.]

40 birds from Japan, collected by Professor Milne. Purchased. [83.
3. 29, 1-40.]

27 specimens from the Tenimber Islands, Bum, and Amboina, collected
by Dr. H. 0. Forbes. Purchased. [84. 5. 14, 1-27.]

These were a few additional specimens from the Timor-laut expedition,
with the type of Myzornda vHikoloensis, and examples of Aprosmictus
Imruenais and JRhipidura Umi^ new to the collectioD.

11 specimens of British birds from the sale of the Vingoe collection.
Purchased. [89.5.27,1-11.]

Among these was the specimen of the Iceland Gull {Larus islandicus)^
shot in Mount's Bay in April 1873.

Janson (Oliver E.).

41 birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands, collected by Mr. John White-
head. Purchased. [96. 1. 17, 1-15 ; 96. 1. 18, 1-26.]

24 species new to the collection. '

76 birds from Samar, Negros, Mindoro, Leyte, and North Luzon, also
collected by Mr. John Whitehead. [98. 1. 11, 1-76.]

The Museum purchased the second set of Mr. Whitehead's collection
from his Philippine expedition.

104 birds in spirits and 34 eggs from Costa Rica, collected by Mr. C.
F. Underwood. Purchased. [99. 11. 30, 1-34; 1900. 6. 21, 1-104.]

Mr. Underwood is a well-known collector in Costa Rica, and has
described some of his experieuces in a paper published in the *' Ibis " for
1896, pp. 431-451.

5 birds from Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island. Purchased* [1900.
3. 23, 1-5.]

104 birds in spirits from Costa Rica, collected by Mr. C. F. Underwood.
[1900. 6. 21, 1-104.]

122 eggs from Costa Rica, collected by Mr. C. F. Underwood. [1904.
7. 16, 1-122.]

47 nests and eggs from Costa Rica, collected by Mr. C. F. Underwood.
Purchased. j;i905. 9. 6, 1-47.]

Mr. E. W. Janson was a very well-known entomologist, and com-
menced business with his son Oliver in Bloomsbury in 1867 as a natural
history agent, bookseller and publisher. He was of Dutch extniction,
was bom March 14, 1822, and educated at the college of La Fl^he in
France, and afterwards in Edinburgh.

The agency is continued by Mr. Oliver Janson since hii father's
death on Sept. 14, 1891. The son is also a good entomologist. The
libraiy formed by Mr. E. W. Janson passed into the possession of Mr.
Van de Poll of Amsterdam, and his collection of Elateridm was purchased
by the British Museum.

Jardine (Sir William), Bart,

5 birds from Tobago. Presented. [46. 4. 17, 1-5.]

These were a few birds from the Tobago collection sent by Mr. Kirk

to Sir W. Jardine, and described in the " Contributions to Ornithology "

for 1852 (pp. 63-68).

See " Diet Nat. Biogr.," xxix., pp. 251-262.

Birds. 403

Jayakar (Surgeon-Oeneral A. S.).

174 birds from Muscat. Presented. [88. 10. 13, 1-13 ; 91. 2. 1, 1-56 ;
98. 5. 16, 1-75; 99. 2. 6, 1-30.]

The first collection made by Dr. Jayakar was presented by Colonel
Miles, the GK>vemor of Muscat, to the Museum, which has received several
subsequent consignments of valuable birds from Dr. Jayakar himself. I
described the original collection in the *• Ibis" for 1886 (pp. 162-168,
pi. vL), where a new Eagle-Owl (Bubo milesi) was figured. A new Bee-
eater {MerofB mtuoatemis, Sharpe) was figured by Mr. H. E. Dresser in
his •* Monograph of the Bee-eaters " (pi. 10).

Jerdon (T. C).

147 birds from various parts of India. Presented. [45. 1. 10, 1-57 ;
46. 4. 30, 1-51 ; 46. 11. 9, 16-49; 47. 3. 18, 11-15.]

Most of Dr. Jerdon's specimens were registered and published as from
" Madras." This may be true as regards the Presidency from which they
came, but it is cert?.in that his early collections were made in the Nilghiri
Hills, though he also travelled through the Carnatic, the Northern Circars,
the Wynaad, etc.

Most of the types of his new species appear to have been presented to
the Museum, but not all. I have discovered the following types
in the collection: — Ochromela nigroru/a, TurdtUus wardiy Merula
aimillimOj HypsipeUs nilghiriensis, Frinia syluatica, AcrocepJuUus
agricoiaj Pycnonotus xanthdama, Malacocercus orientalis ( = Crateroptu
canorus), MegcUunts striatus (= Chmtomis locustelloides), Mirifra,
erythropierc^ M, affinis, M. hayi (= Spizalauda deva\ Dendrocopua
dlioti (= Chrysocdaptes festivus)^ Oecinu8 chlorigaster, Rhopodytes
viridirosirisj Osmotreron hicincta^ Crocopus cMorigaster, LopkophortLS
Bcktteri, Tragopan hlyihi.

The types of Muscicapida superciliariSf Munia pectoralis, Anthus
iimUiSy Ducula cuprea, lyngipicus hardwickeiy MicroptemtM gularis^
Thriponax hodgsoni, and Macrorhamphus semipalmcUtu do not
appear to have come to the Museum. One of the types of Hirundo
iytUri was given by Jerdon to Gould, and by the latter to Seebohm
[98.10.20,187].

17 birds from Upper Burma. Presented. [62. 1. 17, 12-28.]

Included the types of Crypsirhina cuctdlaUt^ Pericrocotus alhifrons,
Pycnonotus hlanfordijPyctorhisaltirostriSf OrthotomuscoronatuBj Stumia
nemoricoUif and 8. burmanica. These species were described by Blyth
(J.A.S. Beng, xxxi., p. 342, 1862) and by Jerdon himself (P.Z.S.,
1861, p. 199, 1862, p. 19).

Jerdon was only sixty-one years of age when he died, and I knew him
very well after his retirement from India. He entered the service of the
Hon. East India Company in 1835, and in 1869 he was a *' Retired
Deputy Inspector-Oeneral of Hospitals." His early work was done in
the Madras Presidency, but he afterwards visited other parts of the
Empire, discovered some new species in Sikhim and again in Assam and
Burma, receiving from the Government of India special facilities for
travel and collecting. His " Birds of India " was an epoch-making book,
and laid the foundation for the splendid work which was inaugurated by
Mr. Hume and his successors (c/. "Ibis," 1872, p. 342 ; Diet. Nat. Biogr.,
XXIX., p. 338).

An excellent memoir of Jerdon and his work was published by his
old friend. Sir Walter Elliot, in the "Proceedings of the Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club."

2 D 2

404 Zoology.

Jesse (W.).

Naturalist to the Abyssinian Expedition, 1868. He arrived too late
to accompany the march to Magdak, but collected around Senaf($, and
afterwards accompanied Dr. W. T. Blanford in an excursion to the Anseba
Valley. His collection was purchased by the Marquis of Tweeddale, and
was presented to the Museum, with the rest of the Tweeddale collection,
by Colonel Wardlaw Ramsay (g.v.).

Johnston (^SiV Harbt H.), O.O.M.O., KO.B.

1400 birds from Nyasa Land. Presented. [92. 9. 10, 1-267 ; 93. 6. 1,
1-334; 93.7.30,1-168; 94.5.5,1-148; 94.8.20,1-35; 96.2.10,1-15;
97. 11. 4, 1-389; 97. 12. 29, 1-39.1

These collections were described by Gapt. Shelley in the ''Ibis'* for
the following years :— 1893 (pp. 1-29, pis. i.-iii.), 1894 (pp. 1-28, pis. i., ii. ;
pp. 461-478, pL xii.), 1896 (pp. 177-184, pi. iv.), 1897 (pp. 618-654,
pk xi., xii.), 1898 (pp. 376-381).

The following species were characterised as new by the above-named
author: — Francolinus johnstoni, Haplopdia johnstonif Agapomis lilianm^
Frodotiscus zambesim, Lyhius zombm, Smilorhis whfftei^ ntrundo astigma
( = i7. emim)^ Al&eonax siibadusUif FogonodehiajohnsUmi, BcUia dimorphd,
Andropadus mcuukuefisiSy EuriUas zombenns, FhyUostrophus cervini-
ventriSj Bleda milar^'ensiSf B./uscicepSf B, dlivaceiceps (= B. striifacies),
Mendamilanjensia, Cosaypha modesta^ Callene anomala, CryptiUas nyasm,
Ciaticola nimilorts, Apalis flavigtttaris^ SylvieUa whytei, Laniarius
hertrandi, Farus xanthostomuSf Serintu whytei, Fyrenestes minor,
Cryptospiza australis, Hyphantomis herirandi, B, nyasm, Oriolus
chloricephalus,

181 birds from Uganda and other parts of British Equatorial Africa.
[1901. 10. 20, 1-158; 1901. 10. 24, 1-23.]

This collection, made during Sir Harry Johnston's travels in Uganda
as H.B.M. Commissioner, when he visited Mau, Baringo, Suk, Nandi,
Elgon, BasogA, Uganda, Unyoro, Toro, the Aukole districts, Euwenzori,
the Semliki valley, and the forests on the border of the Congo Free State.
In these journeys he had as taxidermist Mr. Walter G. Doggett, who was
afterwards unfortunately drowned during the late Anelo-G«rman Frontier
Commission. This collection I have described in the "Ibis" for 1902
(pp. 96-121, pi. v.), where is also figured the beautiful new Touracou,
Oallirex johnstonif Sharpe.

Sir Harry Johnston, in addition to being a famous administrator of
British African possessions, has always actively developed the natural
resources of the countries over which he has ruled, and both in Nyasa-
Land, where he was H.B.M. Commissioner for many years, and in
Uganda, where his later administrative work was done, he has made
vfiduable collections of natural history objects. Forty species new to the
Museum, with 30 types of new species, were sent by him from Nyasa-
Land. These birds were chiefly collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, the
Government botanist. Since Sir Harry's retirement from Nyasa-Land,
the good work of zoological exploration has been continued by his
successors. General Manning and Sir Alfred Sharpe.
See also antea, Bbitish Association.

Johnstone (StV Fbedrbio), Bari.

169 birds from the West Indies and Venezuela. Presented. [1904.
3. 25, 1-5; 1904. 5. 28, 1-164.]

Birds. 405

Jones {lAeiU. W. A. Watts), B.E.

8 birda from Yun-nan. Presented. [99. 8. 5, 1-8.]

These were skins of Game Birds, Peacocks (Pavo muticus), and

Amherst's Pheasants (Chrysolophua amherstim),

Lieut. Watts Jones had all the making of a good collector in him, but

he was unfortunately killed during the outbreak of the Boxers in China.

Jones {Major Hbnbt).

6 specimens of the Sungarian Pheasant (Phasianus (dpherQkyi\ frt>m
Kharbin. New to the collection. Presented. [1903. 4. 6, 1-6.T

7 birds from South Paraguay. Presented. [1904. 4. 6, 1-7.J

Major Jones has made a special study of the (iame-Birds (Chulifarmes)
and Ducks (Anseri/ormeB), and has a series of really beautiful paintings,
all executed by himself, and illustrating monographically every species of
the above-mentioned Orders of birds. The specimens of PhanantiB
cdphemkyi which he eave to the Museum were purchased by him in
Leadenhall Market, when a large consignment arrived from Kharbin
in 1903.

Jonrdain {Bev. F. C. R.).

4 eggs of the Black-tailed Godwit (Ltmosa limo9a) from Holland.
Presented. [1904.7.2,1-4.]

Jokes {Dr, Joseph Bbete).

158 specimens of birds and eggs, mostly from the northern coast of
Australia and Tasmania. Presented. [44. 7. 16, 1-107; 46. 10. 14,
1-36 ; 46. 10. 15, 1-16.]

Dr. Jukes was naturalist to H.M.S. Fly on the surveying expedition
of that vessel to Cape York, Port Essington, and the northern coast of
Australia. See his book, the " Voyage of H.M.S. Fly,"* vols, i., pp. 1-423,
ii., pp. 1-362 (1847). The Fly River, in Southern New Guinea, was
discovered during the voyage of the Fly^ and was named after the ship
(^. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxx., p. 224).

Kanp (Dr. J.).

6 European birds. Presented. [46. 1. 1, 1-5.]

Dr. Kaup was a well-known figure in scientific circles during the early
years of the nineteenth century, and was a devoted exponent of the
quinary system. He was for many years Director of the Darmstadt
Museum, and made Bpecial study of the Accipitres (cf. Jardine's " Con-
tributions to Ornithology for 1852," pp. 103-122 ; Tr. Z. S., iv., pp. 201-
260, pis. Ivi., Ivii.).

On the Falconidm he wrote monographic articles in the "Isis"
(1847, pp. 39-79, 83-121, 161-212, 241-283, 325-386). His " Skizzirte
Entwickelungs-Geschichte u. nattiri. System der eiirop. Thierwelt,|* in
1829, was one of the important books of the quinary times, and contained
many descriptions of new genera, which were well characterised, and
many of them are recognised at the present day.

Kelaart {Dr. E. F.).

21 specimens from Ceylon. Presented. [52. 11. 26, 9-29.]

Dr. Kelaart was the pioneer of our knowledge of the Avifaima of

Ceylon, and his " Prodromus Faunae Zeylanicse " was for many years the

standard book on the subject, imtil the appearance of Colonel Legge's

monimiental work.

406 Zoology.

The tyi)e8 of his new species, described by Blyth, went to the Calcutta
Museum (c/. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, Introduction, p. x.).

Kellett (Oapt,) [afterwards Sir Hekby].

273 birds from the Pacific Coast of North America. [50. 1. 31, 1-230 ;
51. 9. 10, 1-21 ; 51. 10. 1, 1-22.]

When in command of the Herald, in 1850, Capt Kellett and Lieut.
Wood made considerable collections of birds, some of which were of great
interest to the Museum. Apparently all were properly labelled, but the
smaller birdo were put into paper cones which came off in transit, and
very few of the original labels were preserved. Cf. Speelman, "Voy.
H.M.S. J3emZrf," 2 vols., 8vo, 1853.

8 nests and eggs of birds from Panama. Presented. [50. 2. 12, 1-8.]

Cj\ Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxx., p. 342.

Kelsall {Major H. J.).

36 birds from Singapore and Pahang in the Malay Peninsula.
Presented. [94. 2. 3, 1-36.]

Kemp (Robin).

72 birds from Sierra Leone. Presented. [1903. 8. 9, 1-24 ; 1903.
9. 15, 25-72.]

6 specimens of the Sierra Leone Francolin (JFrancolinxa thoniei).
Presented. [1903. IL 3, 1-6.]

473 birds from Sierra Leone. Purchased, [1904. 6. 3, 1 ; 1904. 6. 5,
1-242; 1905.1.25,1-230.]

205 birds from Lower Nigeria. Purchased. [1906. 2. 1, 1-205.]

Mr. Bobin Kemp was bom in North London in 1871, and in 1902
was Assistant Accountant to the railway then being constructed at Sierra
Leone. He made three collections of birds during his stay in that colony,
one at Botifunk in 1902, and two at Bo in 1903 and 1904. He discovered
an interesting new Bush Babbler, which has been named by me
Amaurocichla kempi (cf. Ibis, 1905, p. 231). Mr. Kemp has recently
made a collection of birds on the Lower Niger, and has described a new
species of Weaver-Finch as Estrilda anambme.

Kennedy {Capt. A. W. M. Clabk-).

21 birds from Ids collection, sold at Stevens* auction rooms. [86. 4. 20,
1-21.]

1 tirst remember Clark-Kennedy as a boy at Eton, when I helped him
in the preparation of his ''Birds of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire"
(8vo, 1868). This was a capital book to have been written by a boy of
sixteen, and gave promise that the author would develop into a first-rat^
ornithologist. For some years Clark-Kennedy kept up an interest in
birds, especially in Ducks and Wild-fowl, but he never afterwards did any
serious work, and died young {cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 337).

Kenrick {Major).

21 birds from the Kilimanjaro district. Presented. [98. 7. 24, 1-21.]
Among these specimens was the type of a new species of Pmoptera,

which Capt. Shelley named F. kenricki.

Kensington {Lord).

2 specimens of the Carrion Crow {Corvm corone) from South Wales.
Presented. [1905. 2. 20, 1-2.]

Group of Carrion Crowd with nest and eggs from South Wales, May.
Presented.

Birds. 407

Kerr (J. Graham).

See Page, Capt. (infra, p. 437).

Kershaw (J. C).

3 eggs and 3 nests from Macao, South China. Presented. [1905.

6. 29, 1-6.]

Kew, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens.

43 specimens from Bogota collected by Mr. Purdie [81. 12. 8, 1-43 ;
97. 1. 25, 1 ; 99. 8. 25, 1-2.]

Specimens of the Gtentoo Penguin {PygotcdU papua); Sheldrake
(Tadorjia tadorna); 2 Pelecans (Pdecanus onoorotaXus); 1 Gereopsis
(joose (Cei'eopsis novm hoHandisB); and a nestling Stork (Oiconia ciconia).
Presented. [1900. 8. 17, 1; 1901. 5. 5, 1 ; 1903. 3. 6, i-2; 1903.

7. 5, 1 ; 1904. 5. 31, 1.]

King (Philip Pabkeb).

See ffist. ColL Brit. Mus. (N.H.), vol. i.. Botany, p. 159.

King (Dr.).

Collected for Mr. A. 0. Hume in Mt. Abu. His specimens are in the
Hume Collection.

Kirk (Sir John), K.CB,, O.CM.O.

115 birds from the Shird Kiver and Lake Nyasa, and from other parts
of Zambesia. [63. 12. 30, 1-39 ; 74. 4. 29, 20-31 ; 84. 2. 6, 1-64.]

These specimens were collected by Sir John Kirk when he was chief
ofiBcer to the Livingstone Expedition of 1858-1864. The collection was
described by Dr. Sclater in the "Ibis" for 1864 (pp. 301-307, pL viii.),
and by Sir John himselt (f.c, pp. 307-339). There were also many
specimens obtained by the expedition and prepared by him, which reached
the Museum through the Foreign Office, by the direction of Earl Russell.
[60. 12. 31, 1-193 ; 63. 12. 8, 1-43.]

During the preparation of their work on the Birds of East Africa,
Drs. Finsch and Hartlaub visited the British Museum and described
several species which had remained undetermined in our cabinets. Among
these birds, described in the " Vogel Ostafrika's " by Drs. Finsch and
Hartlaub, were Nkator chlorU (p. 360), Eyphantomit xanthopterus
(p. 399), and Erythrocercus livingstonei (p. 302).

Mr. G. H. Gray described a new Touraco as I'uracua livingstonei
(P.Z.S., 1864, p. 44) and I named the Zambesi Babbling Thrush Oafer-
qpus kirJd (Sharpe, ed. Layard, B. S. Afr., p. 213, 1875).

While Consul-General at Zanzibar Sir John Kirk sent collectors to
various parts of East Africa, Lamo, Melindi, and the Usambara HiUs,
and he himself visited the Comoro Islands (c/. Shelley, P.Z.S., 1879,
pp. 673-679; 1881, pp. 561-602, pi. lii.). Several new species were
described by Capt. Shelley, to whom the collections were sent.

Of, " Who»s Who," 1904, p. 860.

Kirtland (Professor J. P.).

22 specimens from Ohio. [44. 1. 15, 1-22.].

Professor Kirtland was a well-known zoologist of the early part of the
nineteenth century. Dendrcsca kirUandi was named after him by
Professor Baird.

408 Zoology.

Kleinschmidt.

See Ck)DEFFBOT MnsEux.
EleiDSchmidt was one of the best of the collectors empbyed by the
celebrated brothers Gk)def[Toy. He explored the Fiji Islands, and after-
wards collected in New Britain, where he was murdered by the natives
ml881.

Knowles (H.).

29 specimens of Tits (PartM palttstris and Farus ater). Purchased.
[99. 8. 1, 1-29.].

Mr. Knowles is a dealer in Hammersmith, and has procured many
Tits for our series of British Fciridm,

KoBslowsky (J.).

See RoBENBEBG, W. [8eepo9tea, p. 456.]
A Eussian naturalist who made a large collection of birds in the
Chnbut Valley in Pataeonia. This collection was secured for the
Museum through the ^ood offices of Mr. Thursby.

KransB (Professor).

22 birds from South Africa. Presented. [40. 6. 24, 26-47.]

Erttper {Dr. Th.).

Director of the Museum at Athens, who has collected much in Greece
and in the neighbourhood of Smyrna. Mr. Seebohm made an excursion
with him.

KtUm (Heinbich).
iSee BossNBEBG.
Mr. Eiihn has been exploring several of the Molucca Islands for the
Hon. Walter Rothschild, and a few duplicates from his collection of birds
have been purchased by the Museum [tf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., vii.,
pp. 13-14 (1900); viL, pp. 1-6, 93-101, 163-176 (1901); x., pp. 18-38,
232-264 (1903); xL, pp. 174-221 (1904)].

Lagden (Sir Ctodfbet).

19 birds from Kumasi in Ashanti. Presented. [84. 1. 16, 1-19.]
In this small collection was the type of a new species of Bush Shrike

(LaniariuB lagdent) (qf. Sharpe, P.Z.8., 1884, p. 64, pL v.
Cf. " Who's Who,'' 1904, p. 872.

Laglaize (Li&on).

See BoucABD, A.
The Museum huB purchased through M. Boucard several specimens
obtained by M. Laglaize in Senegambia and in New Guinea, where he
discovered some fine new species of birds.

Landbeck.

A well-known collector of Chilian birds, and author, with Dr. Filippi,
of several papers on the subject.

Langworthy (E. M.).

60 birds from Kashmir, etc Presented. [76. 10. 17, 22-71.]

Birds. 409

Lansdell (Bev. Dr.).
See Gebbard, £.
Dr. Lansdell brought back from Kashmir and Tibet a small collection
of birds, containing some species of interest to the Museum (cf, his book
on " Russian Central Asia," 1885).

Larkin {Colonel Edgab).

9 birds from Upper Egypt. Presented. [93. 7. 32, 1-9.]

La Tonche (J. D.).

85 nests of birds from N. W. Fohkien. Presented. [99. 2. 9, 1-76 ;
99. 2. 21, 1-9.]

57 birds and eggs from Kuatun. Presented. [99. 8. 16, 1-29 ; 1901.
1. 20, 1-28.]

2 birds from Formosa and Ghinkiang, including one species new to the
collection. Presented. [1905. 6. 13, 1-2.]

Mr. La Touche is an energetic collector of birds, and especially of
eggs, in China, and has presented a very interesting series to the
Museum [cf. Ibis, 1887, pp. 469, 470; 1892, pp. 400-430, 477-503;
1895, p. 305 ; 1896, pp. 489-495 ; 1897, pp. 138, 169-176, pi. iv., 600-610 ;
1898, pp. 328-333, 356-373; 1899, pp. 169-210, 400-431; 1900, pp.
34-51; BulL B.O.C., vii., p. 37 (1897); viii., p. 9 (1898)].

Laugier de Chartrouse (Baron).

309 specimens from his collection. Purchased. [37. 6. 10, 372-681.]
Baron Laugier was coadjutor with Temminck in the '^Planches
Coloriees." The sale of his collection took place in Paris in 1837, and
a copy of the Catalogue in the British Museum bears the following note :
"La vente publique de cette collection se fera au mois de juin 1837.
Le jour en sera fix^ ulterieurement par les joumaux jusqu'il cette ^poque.
On traiterait a Famiable de la totality." This sale-catalogue was printed
at Aries and sent to Dr. J. E. Gray, and wo are further informed: " La
rapidity avec laquelle a ^t6 fait ce travail, et Tabsence du propri^taire,
n'onti)aspermis de suivre d'autre classification que celle des armoires de la
galerie." Unfortunately no attempt seems to have been made at the time
to identify any of the specimens described and figured in the *' Planches
Colorito," and many of them have since been given away as duplicates.

Layard (Edgab Leopold), O.M.O.

See also Higgins, T. ; Tbistbam, Canon.
27 eggs from Ceylon. Presented. [53. 12. 6, 1-27.]
106 eggs from South Africa. Presented. [69. 10. 8, 1-106.]
Mr. Layard was an ornithologist from his youth, and when! a civil
servant in Ceylon, where he served from 1846 to 1855, he did excellent
work, as wiU be seen by his papers in the second series of the '' Annals
and Magazine of Natural History " (vols. xii. (1853), pp. 97-107, 165-
176, 262-272; xiu. (1854), pp. 123-131, 212-218, 257-264, 446-453;
xiv. (1854\ pp. 57-64, 105-115, 264-272).

Layard has given the following accoimt of his Ceylonese days in
Legge's " Birds of Ceylon " (Introduction, p. ix.) : " I arrived in Ceylon
in March 1846, and for some time, having no employment, amused my
leisure in collectiog for my more than friend. Dr. Templeton, who had
nursed me through a dangerous illness, and in whom 1 found a congenial
spirit. My chief attractions there were the glorious Lepidoptera of the
iuand ; but 1 always carried a light sinfi;le-barrelled gun in a strap on my

410 Zoology.

back to shoot specimens for the Doctor. He himself, like Dr. Eelaart,
never shot, but depended on his friends for specimens. I, of course, soon
became interested in the ' Ornis ' ; and on Templeton's leaving, at the end
of 1847 or beginning of 1848, he begged me to take up his correspondence
with the late Edward Blyth, then Curator of the R. A. S. Calcutta
Museum. He left me his list of the species then known to exist in the
island, numbering 183, and Blyth's last letter to answer. From that day
ahnost monthly letters passed between the latter and myself, till I left
Ceylon in 1853. When I left I had brought up the list to 315 ; deduct
from this the novelties added by Eelaart, and some which I think he has
wrongly identified (but which are included in my list in the * Annals '),
22 in number, and it leaves me the contributor of 110 species to the
Ccylonese * Ornis,' examples of most of which fell to mv own gim.

"My collecting trips never extended to the hill-parts where Dr.
Kelaart collected, Nuwara Elliya, &a I was twice in Eandy, once at
* Carolina,' an estate near Ambegamoa, and once as far as Gillymally via
Katnapura."

The species discovered by Layard were sent by him to Blyth at
Calcutta, and the latter described a good many of them. None came to
the British Museum; many were presented to Calcutta, and the bulk
of his collection was given by him to a relative, and is now preserved
at the Poole Free Library, in Mount Street, Poole.

The following is a list of the species discovered by Layard and
named either by himself or by Blyth : — Gallus lineattM, Blyth (= G.
lafayettei) {cf, Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 736); Palmomis tayardi^ Blyth

f= P. torqtiota) ((/. iSalvadori, Cat. B., xx., p. 443) ; P. ccUthorpm, Layard
this name has always been written calthropsB, the mistake arising originally
from a printer's error, but Layard himself told me that he intended to
name the species after his wife, who was a Miss Calthorp (cf, my note,
p. 32 of ** Handlist of Birds," vol. ii.)]; lyngipicus gymnophthalmus,
Blyth ; Chrysocolaptes stricklandi, Lays^ ; Cuculus hartleUu Layard
( = (7. polioc^Iialus, juv.) (cf, Legge, B, Ceylon, p. 231) ; Centropus chlaro-
rhynchus, Blyth ; Tephroaomis affinis, Blyth ; Dicrurtu fntnor, Blyth ;
D. leucopygialis, Blyth ; Leucocerca compressirostriSy Blyth ( = Bhipidura
cXbofrontata) {cf, Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 412) ; BukUis mutiui, Layard ;
Oreocinda spiioptera, myth ; 0. imbricataj layard ; Dumetia albigvlariai
Blyth ; Alcippe nigrifrons, Blyth ; Drymocataphus fuscicapUltu, Blyth ;
Cisticda malura, Blyth (=6^. cisticola, Temm.); Drymoeca robusUif
Blyth (nee Riipp.) ( = Frinia sylvaiica^ Jerd.); Hirundo hyperythra^
Blyth ; Hetmrornis albofrontata, Layard ( = Stumomis senex) ; Eulahes
ptilogenys, Blyth ; Cissa pueHa, Blyth ex Layard N.S.

In 1855 Layard went to the Cape at the invitation of Sir G^rge Grey
and entered the Civil Service of Cape Colony. He founded the South
African Museum, and in 1867 published the "Birds of South Africa,*'
which was the means of stimulating the study of African birds in as great
a degree as had been done by Jerdon's " Birds of India " in the East. He
afterwards accompanied Sir George Grey on a special mission to New
Zealand, and then returned to the Cape as Judge and Commissioner under
the Slave Trade Treaties. In this capacity he visited the east coast of
Africa as far north as Zanzibar.

He was next appointed Consul at Par&, where he made a good collection
of birds for the Marquis of Tweeddale. This was described by him in the
"Ibis" for 1873, Ficolaptes layardi and ThamnophUus simplex being
characterised as new by Dr. Sclater. After quitting ^uth America Layard
was employed by the Government in the Fiji Islands, where he acted as

Birds. 411

Commissioner, and here again he did much good ornithological work {cf.
Ibis, 1876, pp. 137-152, 387-394; 1881, p. 170), as also in New
Caledonia when he became H.B.M. Consul at Noumea. His son Leopold
C. Layard assisted him in collecting in New Caledouia, and also undertook
expeditions to the New Hebrides and the Loyalty Islands (cf. Ibis, 1879,
pp. 95, 221, 364. 369; 1880, pp. 336, 381; 1881, p. 542 ; 1884, p. 122 ;
1888, p. 491 ; 1900, p. 404.

Leach (J. H.).

69 birds from Ichang on the River Yang-tze, collected by A. E. Pratt.
Purchased. [88. 9. 6, 1-69.]

One species ( Fuhina diadeniata) new to the collection.

Mr. Pratt made a wonderful collection of Lepidoptera when travelling
in China for Mr. Leach {cf. Insects). Ho also obtained a few birds,
which were purchased by the British Museum.

Leadbeater (Messrs,),

98 birds from Mexico. Purchased. [39. 8. 2, 1-98.]

92 birds from various localities. Purckiased. [42. 1. 19, 1-92.]

Many of these were duplicates from the Leyden Museum, and included

species new to the British Museum, from the expeditions of S. Miiller and

other Dutch naturalists.

35 birds from Brazil. Purchased. [42. 12. 3, 1-35.]

These were collected by a Dr. Such.

60 birds from Jamaica. Purchased. [42. 12. 29, 1-60.]

SpindcUis nigrkephala was new to the collection. These specimens

were probably duplicates received from Mr. P. H. Gosse.

35 specimens trom Abyssinia and Shoa. Purchased. [43. 2. 8, 1-35.]
These were duplicates from Dr. Riippeirs collection, aud the Museum

thus secured several co-types from his celebrated expedition.

233 specimeus, mostly from Central and South America. Purchased.

[43. 5. 24, 1-200 ; 43. 6. 13, 15-33 ; 43. 9. 8, 1-15.]

The Guatemalan birds, some obtained at Coban, Escuintla, etc., were

apparently collected by a Frenchman, as notes are made in tne register,

" yeux hlitij yeux roux^lair,*^ etc.

21 birds from Mexico. Purchased. [43. 9. 18, 1-21.1
19 birds from Celebes. Purchased. [43. 9. 19, 1-19.J
These were some more duplicates from the Leyden Museum. As

showing the lax notions of geographical distribution entertained by some

ornithologists of that day we find in the register : " G, Colaris gvlaris. Cote

de OuinSe.^ The word ** New " is inserted, and the specimen is catalogued

in the ** List of Fissirostres," 1848, p. 33, as Eurystomus gularis, trom

New Guinea !

101 birds from Japan. Purchased. [44. 5. 1, 1-9 ; 46. 1. 31, 1-60 ;

46. 8. 11, 1-8 ; 46. 10. 5, 1-24.]

Among these collections were more duplicates received from the Leyden

Museum by Mr. Leadbeater, who seems to have had many dealings with

Temminck.

The Leadbeaters, father and son, were for many years the leading

natural history agents in London, and had a shop in Brewer Street,

Golden Square, which in my early days I used to visit in search of

African birds. The father, after whom CaccUua leadbeateri was named by

Vigors, was a scientific man, and wrote several papers on ornithology.
After the death of the father and son the business was continued for a

short time by a nephew.

412 Zoology.

Lefebvre.

222 specimeDB, mostly sterna of European birds. Purchased. [46. 5.
27, 1-222.]

LBgge {Colonel W. Vincent).

150 birds from Ceylon. Presented. [75. 12. 20, 1-6 ; 76. 6. 6, 1-15 ;
78. 10. 4, 11-88; 81 6. 24, 10-14; 82. 3. 24, 1-15 ; 85. 11. 12, 1-31.]

Five species were new to the collection, Spizaetus ceylonenm, Buchanga
mtnoTf JHssemurus lophorhinuB^ Chrysocolaptes strieklandiy Braxhy^
ptemus intermedins . These were duplicates from Colonel Legge*s collection
of Ceylonese birds. His memoir on the avifauna of Ceylon is one of the
most excellent works ever written by an ornithologist.

Le Hunte {Sir George Ruthven), Oovemar of South Australia.

23 birds from British New Guinea. Presented. [1900. 2. 19, 1-23.]

Sir G. E. Le Hunto was Governor of British New Guinea from 1898 to

1903. Among the specimens presented were some rare Birds of Paradise,

such as Loria marim^ Astrarchia stephanim, Ejpimachua meyeri.

Cf. " Who's Who," 1904, p. 902.

Leigh {Lord).

221 birds from New South Wales. Presented. [93. 4. 4, 1-221].
Of. " Who's Who," 1904, p. 902.

Lempridre (E.).

31 specimens from the island of Palawan. Purchased. [85. 4. 2, 1-24 ;
85. 4. 3, 1-7.] 7 others were presented.

Mr. Lempri^re's collection was described by me in the " Ibis " for 1884
(pp. 816-322, pi. viii.), when the following new species were characterised : —
Thriponax hargitti, Siphia lemprieri. In the "Proceedings" of the
Zoological Society for 1885 (p. 446, pi. xxvi.) I also described a new
Hombill, now known as Oymnolmmus lemprieri.

In the "Ibis" for 1883, pp. 85-90, Mr. F. Nicholson published an
account of a collection from Sandakan made by Mr. Lempri^e, who
discovered a new Jay-Shrike (Flaiylaphus lemprieri). This Sandakan
collection was purchased by Canon ^^tram, and is now in the Liverpool
Museum.

Le Soeuf (Dudley). Director of the Zoological Gardens,
Melbourne.
11 birds, nests and eggs. Presented. [97. 11. 11, 1-8 ; 98. 11. 27,
1-3.]

Leyden Museum.

See aha LEAnsEATEB.

60 birds from the Malayan Archipelago. Presented. [73. 5. 9, 1-8 ;
78. 11. 12, 1-34 ; 83. 10. 1, 9-21 ; 88. 4. 7, 1-5.]

These are birds presented by Professor Schlegel and Dr. Jentinck,
Directors of the great Eijks-Museum at Leyden, during the progress of the
" Catalogue of Birds." My first visit to Leyden was paid in 1869, when I
was writing my " Monograph of the Kingfishers " ; and during the prepara-
tion of the first volume of the " Catalogue," I worked there for many days,
and my Triend Professor Schlegel gave me several species lacking to Uie
British Museum, for which I purchased specimens on my return to
England, and sent them in exchange. On this occasion the following
species of Accipitres were new to the British Museum : Cerchneia zoni-

Birds. 413

ventris^ Baza madagiMcariensiSt Astur hiogcuter^ A, mueUeri, Accipiter
rhodogcuteTf Spizcustus gumeyiy Ninox ochracea.

When I was writing the fourth vohime of the " Catalogue," I again
went over to Leyden, and efifected a similar exchange with ProfesQor
Schlegel, obtaining for our Museum many species of Flycatchers which
we did not before possess — Pascihdryas brachyurusj Gerygone mdano-
thorax, 0. notaiOy G. magniroitria, G, flaveolay PristorhamphuB veraterif
CryptcHopha grammiceps, Todopsis honapartei, T. ccronata, Monarcha
kordennSf Piezorhynchus diadematus, Anthipes sotitaria, Erythromyias
mulleri, Pachycephalia chiensis, Rhipidura ohiensis.

In 1883 Professor Schlegel also gave me the following desiderata
for the succeeding volumes of the "Catalogue"; Hirundo ttriolata,
Dicmum mafvrtfatt, D. keienae, Napothera pyrrhoptera, Zosterops ri^raiUy
Z. uropygtalis, StachyridopM mdanothorax, and Turdinus lepidopUurus,
Some of these species are not included in the tenth volume, which
appeared in July 1883, as I had not been able to visit Leyden for the
purpose of checking my MSS. In October of that year, however, 1 was
able to get away, and found that there were many omissions in the
volume, which I rectified in a paper on Timeliidm, published in the
" Notes from the Leyden Museum " (vol. vi., pp. 167-178).

The last donations, in 1888, consisted of five specimens, of which
Pericrocotua lanahergi, Lamprolia minor, (Moropsis v&nusta, and Acci-
piter bUttiko/eri were new to the collection ; and a specimen of OrtholO"
phus albocristatus from Liberia, which has since become the type of my
0rt?iolophu8fin9chi (" Ibis,*' 1904, p. 610).

Lidth de Jeude (Dr.).
See Wabwiok.

Lilford (Lord).

3 specimens of the Spanish Green Woodpecker (Gecintu sharpei), from
S. Spwn. Presented. [72. 7. 9, 1-3.]

This species was named by Mr. Howard Saunders (P.Z.S., 1872,
p. 153). In 18^4 the late Prof. V. L. Seoane re-described this Wood-
pecker as Gecinus viridia galicienaia, in a pamphlet to which he attached
the date of 1870. This was the most bare-faced attempt to secure the
priority of a name given twenty-two years too late, which has ever come
under the notice of the writer (cf, Zool. Rec., 1894, Aves, p. 38).

31 specimens of Herons, Spoonbills, etc., collected by Kuiz near
Seville. Presented. [74. 11. 18, 3-33.]

A specimen of Sylvia mdanothorax, Tristr., from Cyprus, new to the
collection. Presented. [75. 7. 6, 1.]

Parent birds with nest and eggs of the Flamingo {Phmnicopterua
roaeaa) from Southern Spain. Presented. [80. 6. 8, 1-6.] These are the
specimens mounted in the public gallery, and form group No. 159.

234 specimens from Cyprus and the countries of the Mediterranean.
Presented. [88. 7. 26, 1-205 ; 88. 8. 16, 1-18 ; 88. 8. 26, 1-11.]

This collection of birds was formed by Lord Lilford himself, by
Mr. W. Pearce, and more particularly by Dr. Guillemard, who has
written an excellent essay on the birds of the island (Ibis, 1888,
pp. 94-124, pi. ii.; 1889, pp. 206-219), and Lord Lilford has also
published an interesting memoir on the ornithology of Cyprus (Ibis,
1889, pp. 305-350).

17 Starlings (Stumua wdgaria) from Lilford. Presented. [88. 9.
2, 1-17.]

414 Zoology.

136 eggs from Southern Spain. Presented. [90. 9. 30, 1-136.]
6 birds from S.E. Africa. Presented. [94. 6. 17, 1-6.]
For a very complete memoir of this well-known ornithologist, see
the "Ibis" for lb96 (pp. 430, 593-596), "Lord Lilford on Birds," by
A. Trevor-Battye (4to, 1903), and " Lord Lilford ; a Memoir by his Sister,
the Hon. Mrs. Drewitt" (8vo, 1900, pp. xxiv., 290).

"Linnea," Berlin.

21 birds from Salanga Island. Purchased. [^2. 3. 21, 1-15.]
The collection of birds made by Capt. Weber on Salanga was
described by Dr. A. Mtiller (J.f.O., 1882, pp. 353-448). He described
a new species of Woodpecker as Gecinus weberi, of which the type-
specimens were acquired by the Museum. Mr. Har^tt has united this
species with O. viridanua (cf. Cat. B., xviii., p. 47). This Captain Weber
is the same individual that Ixidia webhert, Hume, is named after (Str. F.,
1879, pp. 40, 63). It should, therefore, be called Ixidia weberi.

From the " Linnea " the Museum also acquired some rare species of
East African birds; of which Histurgops ruficauda^ Pariwma hoehmi^
Cosmopsarus unicolor, and Muscicapa in/ulatawere new to the collection.
[87. 8. 14, 1-6.]

Linnean Society.

When the Linnean Society determined to give up its private Museum,
the birds were sent to the British Museimi in 1863, in two lots.

The first series consisted of the types of Parrots and Pigeons described
by Temminck in 1819 (vol. xiii., pp. 107-130), in his paper entitled :
"Account of some new species of Birds of the genera Fsittacus and
Columbay in the Museum of the Linnean Society." [63. 7. 6, 1-15.]

PsUtacus cooki, n. sp. (p. 111). <f = CcUyptorhynchvs bankn (Lath.),
cf. Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xx., p. 109. $ = C. viridis (V.), cf, Salvad.,
t.c., p. 112.

Fiittacus solandri, n. sp. (p. 113) is the young of C. viridis^ t/. Salvad.,
<.c., p. 112.

Fnttacus nosicus, n. sp. (p. 115), = Licmetis nctsica, Salvad., <.c.,
p. 133.

Psittacua flavigasttTf n. sp. (p. 116). This hybrid name is changed on
p. 117 to P. flaviventn's, but without assigning any reason. It is Plaiy-
cerctis flaviventris of Salvadori (p. 545).

PsUtacus baueriy n. sp. (p. 118),= Pamardius zonarius (Shaw), cf,
Salvad., t,c,, p. 660.

Psittacus browniy n. sp. (p. 119), = P7a/ycerctt« browni, Salvad., ^.c,
p. 549.

Psittacus multicolor, n. sp. (p. 119)^ = Psephotus multicolor, BalvKd,,
t.c., p. 566.

Psittacus iderotis, n. sp. (p. 120), ^Platycerctu icterotiSf Salvad., tx.,
p. 554.

Psittacus venustuSf n. sp. (p. 121),:= NeopJiema venusta, Salvad., ^.c,
p. 570.

Columba dilopha, n. sp. (p. \2A), = Lopholxmus antarcticus (Shaw),
c/. Salvadori, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xxi., p. 235.

Columba magnifioa, n. sp. (p. 125), = Megaloprepia magnifioa,
Salvadori, f.c, p. 167.

Columba leucomela, n. sp. (p. 126), cf. Salvad., f.c, p. 320.

Columba scripta, n. sp. (p. 127), = Oeophaps scripta, Salvad., ^.c, p. 531.

Columba humertUis, n. sp. (p. 128),= Oeopelia humcralis^ Salvad., <.c.,
p. 455.

Birds. 415

Columbaphasianella, n. sp. (p. 129), = Macropygiaphcuianella, Salvad.,
i-c^V- 349.

The seoond donation consisted of 72 speclmenB of Australian birds
[63. 7. 7, 1-72], collected by George Caley, and among them were the
types of species described by Vigors and Horsfield in the " Transactions "
of the Linnean Society (vol. xv., pp. 170-331). Their paper was called
" A description of the Australian Birds in the collection of the Linnean
Society," etc. The following are the types which came into the
Museum : —

AMiur raiij n. Bp., = A8tur cinereus (V.); cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., Brit.
Mus., i., p. 117. A. fdsciatuB (p. 181), A. approximans (p. 181). The
former is the young and the latter the old bird of the same species,
Sharpe, t.c., p. 126.

Falco cenchroides, n. sp. (p. 183), = CerchneU cenchroides (V. and H.),
Sharoe, ^c, p. 431.

Falco herigora^ n. sp. (p. 184), = ^terocirfca herigora (V. and H.),
Sharpe, <.c., p. 421. HcUiaettu ccUei, n. sp. (p. 186),= Urospizuu radiatus
(Lath.), Sharpe, ^.c, p. 159. H, canorus^ n. sp. (p. 187), = Haliastur
sphenuruB (V.), Sharpe, ix., p. 316.

Noctua maculcUa, n. sp. (p. 189\ = Ninox mactdata (V. and H.) ; c/.
Sharpe, Cat B., ii., p. 174.

Uirundo pyn-hdnotay n. sp. (p. 190), = Petrochelidon nigricans (V.) ;
</, Sharpe, Cat. B., x. (p. 190).

Caprimtdgus guttatus, n. sp. (p. 192). C. cdbogtdaris, n. sp. (p. 194^
note) ; cf. Barter t. Cat. B., xvi., p. 607, where Dr. Hartert identifies these
two birds as beino; one and the same species, viz. Eurostopus cdbigidaris,
C. guttcUus being the young bird, and C, albigufaris the adult.

uEgotheles, n. gen. (p. 194), type JE. novm hoUandim (Lath.) ; cf,
Hartert, Cat B., xvi., p. 646. Podargm stanleyanus, n. sp. (p. 197), P.
humercdis^ n. sp. (p. 198), P. cuvieri, n. sp. (p. 200), all = P. strigoides
(Lath.) ; c/. Hartert, t.c, p. 631.

Dacelo leachi, n. sp. (p. 205), **Keppel Bay, 24 Oct., 1802" {Brown) ;
cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xvi., p. 206. Hcdcyon sancius, n. sp. (p. 206) ; cf
Sharpe, <.c., p. 267. Merops melanuntSf n. sp. (p. 208), = if. omatm^
Lath. ; cf, Sharpe, t.c., p. 75. Fcdcuncidus gutiurcdis, n. sp. (p. 212),
= Oreoioa cristata (Lew in) ; cf Gradow, Cat B., viii., p. 174. Colluroicinda
cinerea^ n. sp. (p. 214),= C, harrnonica (Lath.); cf Sharpe, Cat. B., iii.,
p. 290. Campophaga leucomelaj n. sp. (p. 215), = Zo/ogre leucomelasna
(nom. emend.) ; cf Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 106. Orattcalus men-
tdlisj n. sp. (p. 216) ; cf Sharpe, /.c, p. 37. Mcdurus lamberti^ n. sp.
^p. 221) ; cf Sharpe, ^.c, p. 293. M. hr(/ivni,n, sp. (p. 223), = 3f. dorsaJh
(Lewin) ; <f. Sharpe, t.c, p. 296. M, exilis, n. sp. (p. 223), = Cisticola
exUis (V. and H.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 269. Acanthiza nana, n. s|».

§3. 226); cf Sharpe, f.c, p. 292. A, reguloides, n. sp. (p. 299); cf
harpe, <.c., p. 299. A, frontalis, n. sp. (p. 226), = Sericomis frontalis
(V. and H.); cf Sharpe, t,c,, p. 303. A, pyrrhopygia, n. sp. (p. 227),=
Hylacola pyrrhopygia (V. and H.) ; cf, Sharpe, t,c.y p. 346. A, huchanani^
n. sp. (p. 227) ; cf Sharpe, f.c, p. 291, note, N.B.— The type of this
species was in the collection of Mr. Walter Buchanan, F.L.S., and did not
come to the Museum. The species is still unidentified, but I suggested
in the " Catalogue " that it might be Ephthianura tricolor,

Megalurus crundis, n. sp. (p. 228), = Cindorhamphus cruralis

£, and H.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 498. Anthus austraHs, n. sp.
229), and A, pallescenSy n. sp. (p. 229) [= A. australis (V. and H.) ;
if. Sharpe, Cat B., x., p. 615]. A. minimtu, n. sp. (p. 230), = Chthoni'

416 Zoology.

cda sagittaia (Lath.) ; rf. Sharpe, Gat B., viL, p. 290. A. /tdifftnonu,

n. 8p. (p. 230), = CcUamanthus fuliginosus (V. and H.) ; <f. Sharpe, <.c,

>. 501. A, rufescenst n. sp. (p. 230), = Cindorham^us rSf^&oeM

V. and H.); cf, Sharpe, ^.c, p. 501. DasyomU otM^mZw, n. sp

(jp. 232), = Spkenura brachyptera (Lath.) ; cf, Sharpe, ^.c, p. 104.

OrdUina UcotoTy n. sp. (p. 232), = O, picata (Lath.); cf, Sharpe, Cat.

B., iii., p. 272. Zosterops dorscUis, n. 8 p. (p. 235), = Z, cmrulesoens

Lath.); cf Sharpe, Cat B., ix., p. 152. Saxioola soUtaria^ n. sp.

p. 236), = Origma rubricata (Lath.), c/*. Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 136.

?achycephala striata^ n. sp. (p. 240), = F, rufiventris (Lath.) ; cf, Gadow,

Cat. B., viii., p. 208. P. /u«ca, n. sp. (p. 240), and P, ftdiginosa, n. sp.

(p. 241), = F, gutturalis (Lath.) ; cf Gadow, <.c., p. 192. P. olivaoea,

n. sp. (p. 241); cf Gadow, <.c., p. 212.

Muscioapa goodenovii, n. sp. (p. 245), = Pdrceca goodenovii (V. and H.) ;
cf Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 171. Rhipidura motacUloides, n. sp. (p. 248),
= P. tricolor (V.); cf Sharpe, <.c., p. 339.

Myiagra rub&mloideSf n. sp. (p. 253), and M, plumbeOj n. sp. (p. 254),
= M, rubecula (Lath.) ; cf Sharpe, <.c., p. 373. M. macroptera, n. sp.
(p. 254), = Micrceoafascinans (Lath.).

FringiUa lathami, n. sp. (p. 256), = Steganopieura guttata (Shaw) ;
cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 292. FringiUa bichenoviij n. sp. (p. 258), =
Stictoptera bichenowi (V. and H.) ; cf Sharpe, tx,, p. 313.

Ftilonorhynchus rrMcleayi, n. sp. (p. 263), = P. violaceus (V.) ; cf,
Sharpe, Cat B., vi., p. 381. P. smithi, n. sp. (p. 264), = mlurmduM
viridis (Lath.); cf Sharpe, <.c., p. 385. Oorvus coronoides^ n. sp.
(p. 261) ; cf Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 20.

Platycercui bamardi, n. »p. (p. 283), = Bamardiua bamardi (V. and
H.); cf Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 558. Trichogloastu matoniy n. sp. (p. 291),
-Fsitteutdes cfUorolepidotus (Kuhl), Salvadori, Cat B., xx., p. 65. T,
rubritorquia, n. sp. (p. 291) ; cf Salvad., <.c., p. 60.

Orthonyx temmincki, n. sp. (p. 294) ; (f, Sharpe, Cat B., viL, p. 329
(s. n. 0, spinicauda).

Cucidw inomatusy n. sp. (p. 297), and O, albostrigatus^ n. sp. (p. 298),

= 0, pallidus (Lath.) ; cf Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 261. C, cineraceus^

n. sp. (p. 298), and C, incertus^ n. sp. (p. 299), = CacomantiB flabeUi"

formis (Lath.); cf Shelley, <.c., p. 266. CtictUus uariolonu^ n. sp.

Sp. 300), = Cacomantis variolostu (V. and H.) ; cf, SheUey, <.c, p. 272.
'Uculus metoMicuSy n. sp. (p. 302), = Chalcococcyx plagosua ^Lath.) ;
cf. Shelley, <.c., p. 297. Eudynamis flinderaii, n. sp. (p. 305) = E.cyano-
cephdla (Lath.) ; cf, Shelley, ^.c, p. 324. Mdiphaga indistincta, n. sp.
(p. 315), = Glyciphila ocularis, Gould ; cf Gadow, Cat B., ix., p. 213.
M, brevirostris, n. sp. (p. 315), = Melithreptus brevirostris (V. and H.) ;
cf, Gadow, t,c,, p. 207. Myzantha flavirostris, n. sp. (p. 319), = Macro-
rhina melanophrys (Lath.) ; cf, Gadow, t,c,, p. 259.

Mimeta mertdoides, n. sp. (p. 327\ = Oriolua viridis (Lath.); <f,
Sharpe, Cat B., iiL, p. 212. Fomatorninus temporalis, n. sp. (p. 330),
and P. superciliosus, n. sp. (p. 330).

Linney (Albert).

9 birds from the Falkland Islands. Purchased. [1901. 4. 30, 1-9.]

Lisbon Museum {Prof J, V. Babboza du Booage, Director),

48 birds from Benguela and the island of S. Thomd, collected by
Anchieta and F. Kewton. Presented. [82. 7. 1, 1-4; 88. 12. 1,
1-44.]

Birds. 417

Nearly a score of species new to the Museum were added by this
donation, all of great interest — among them Ftscus souzn, Sylvidla
rt^fieapiUOf Parus rufiventria, Nilaus affinis^ ScUpomts scUvadoriif Frin^
gUlaria majors Ftemistes rvbricolliSy Nectarinia newtoni^ Oriolua cnu-
8%ro$triBy Turdua olivaceo/tucuSf Symplectes sanctithomsBf Haphpdia
simplex.

32 birds from the islands of the Bight of Biafra (S. Thom^ and Ilha
do Prindpe), collected by Mr. Francesco Newton. [91. 8. 20, 1-32.]

Among these specimens were the following, new to the Museum : —
Nectarinia thamensis^ Cinnyris newUmif Lanius newtonif Frinia moUeri,
Amblyospiza concolor.

For many years the Portuguese Oovemment employed the services of
naturalists to make collections for them in various parts of their African
possessions. The most celebrated of these explorers was Anchieta, who
travelled extensively in Angola, Benguela and Mossamedes. Qlie results
of these expeditions are mostly incorporated in the " Omithologie d' Angola,"
written by Professor Barboza du Bocage, for many years the Director of
the Lisbon Museum, and a staunch friend of our own Museum, to which
he has made many valuable donations. Many specimens were also given
in exchange to myself and Captain Shelley, and are now incorporated in
the British Museum along with the rest of our private collections.

Another well-known naturalist who collected in the Portuguese islands
in the Bight of Biafra is Mr. Francesco Newton, who obtained several
interesting new species, duplicates of which were sent by Professor Bocage
to the British Museum.

Lister (J. J.).

23 specimens from Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean. Presented.
[88. 8. 12, 1-23.]

Mr. Lister was naturalist on H.M. Surveying Ship Egeria in 1887,
and visited Christmas Island. He discovered on this occasion five new
species on the island, the types of which he presented to the British
Museum: — Zosterops natalis, Collocalia natalis, Ckaicophaps fuUaliSy
Urospizias natalis, Ninox natalis {cf, P.Z.S., 1888, pp. 512-529, pis.
xxvi., xxvii.).

10 specimens from the Phoenix group of islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Presented. [9L 4. 24, 1-10.]

Mr. Lister was again naturalist on the Egeria in 1889.

The collection consisted of marine birds, but among them (EstreUUa
parviroetris and Fuffinus nativitatis were new to the Museum. Several
other specimens, presented by Mr. Lister to the late Mr. Henry Seebohm,
have passed into the British Museum with the collection bequeathed by
the latter.

Littledale (St. George).

100 specimens of birds and eggs from various parts of Central Asia.
Presented. [89. 1. 10, 1-2; 89. 3. 3, 1-8 (Altai Mts.); 90. 5. 20, 1-39
(Saiar Mts.); 91. 5. 2, 1-37 (Pamir) ; 94. 2. 1, 1-5 (Turkestan).]

Mr. Littledale is a well-known big-game hunter, and has presented to
the Museum most valuable animals. He has also found time to collect
a few interesting species of birds during his travels.

Liverpool, University of.

See Robinson, H. C. ; Royal Society.

VOL. II. 2 E

418 Zoology.

Livingstone (Dr.).
See EiBK, Sir J.

DuriDg his later explorations in Africa the great missionary traveller
did not collect any birds, but on the Zambesi expedition, when he was
accompanied by Sir John (then Dr.) Eirk, a considerable collection was
formed. This was described by the latter naturalist in a paper on the
** Birds of the Zambesi Region " (Ibis, 1864, pp. 307-338). Several new
species were discovered during the expedition, and a fine new Touracou
was named Turcuma livingsUmei by G. B. Gray.

Cf, Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxxiii., p. 384.

Lloyd (C. G.).

121 birds from Tasmania. Presented. [89. 6. 12, 1-121.]

Lloyd {Oohnel J. Hatbs).

107 birds from Kathiawar in North-western India and Matheran,
Bombay. [73.6.6,98-204.]

Crateropw samervillei and Lwcinola indica were new to the Museum.

This collection, a most important one at the time, as coming from a
district then omithologically unexplored, was described by Colonel Hayes
Lloyd hi the " Ibis " for 1873 (pp. 397-421) and 1874 (pp. 97, 98). He
presented specimens of Cyomis tickdlim and C, jerdoniy proving tnat the
former was the female and the latter the male of the same species. This
difference in the colour of the sexes in the genus Cyomis had not been
suspected before, and led to a similar identification with other species of
the genus.

Colonel Lloyd described a new species of Green Barbet from Matheran
as Megdlmma svkeni (Ibis, 1873, p. 124). The type of this speciea
is in the Tweeddale collection, and is referred by Osiptain Shelley to
OyanopB vtridis (Bodd.), i,e. Thereiceryx m'ruto, Blanford, Faun. Brit.
Ind., Birds, iii., p. 389.

Loat (W. L. S.).

12 birds from the Pyrenees. Presented. [96. 8. 21, 1-12.]
22 birds from Egypt. Presented. [1906. 6. 4, 1-22.]
Mr. Loat is an entiiusiastic ornithologist, but is best known for hia
mportant collections of the Nile fishes {see Report, Fish^Collections).

Loder {Sir G.).

2 eggs of the Emeu (JDrommue novm hoUandim). Presented. [94. 6. 7^
1-2.]

Lodge (George E.).

9 Marsh Tits (Parue drenerx) from Surrey. Presented. [1901. 4, 8^
1-9.]

4 buds from Norway, Perthshire, and Hertfordshire. Presented^
[1904. 10. 21, 1-4.]

Mr. Lodge is the well-known artist, and is an excellent observer of
bird life, as may be recognised from his account of the Humming-Biids of
the West Indies (Ibis, 1896, pp. 496-519) and other ornithological memoirs.

Loftus (William ELennett).

83 birds and eggs from the neighbourhood of Bagdad. Presented..
[63. 1. 6, 1-79, 94-98.]

Birds. 419

Mr. EenDett Loftus was a well-known archaaologist and traveller.
He was geologist to the Turko-Persian Frontier Commission, 1849-1852
(ef. Diet. Nat, Biogr., xxxiv., p. 80).

Londesborough {Earl of).

31 specimens of sea-birds (Herring Gulls, Guillemots, etc.) from
Flamborough Head. Presented. [87. 9. 8, 1-16 ; 87. 9. 10, 1-15.]

Lord (John Keast).

See Boundary Commission, British N. Amj&rican.

137 birds and eggs from British Columbia and Vancouver Islands
Presented by the Foreim Office. [60. 2. 23, 1-106 ; 60. 11. 22, 1-131.]

435 birds, nests, and egs^s from British Columbia. Presented. [62.
12. 10, 1-37 ; 63. 1. 7, 1-398.]

The first collections were made by Mr. Lord during the time of his
employment as naturalist to the Boundary Commission. He seems to
have stayed in British Columbia after the labours of the Commission were
over, and to have made further collections which he gave to the British
Museum (cf, his book, ''The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British
Columbia,**. 2 vols., 8vo, London, 1866).

Lovat (Lord).

See Blukdell, H. Weld.

Low (Sir Hugh).

See aieo Higoins.

5 specimens from the Sulu Archipelago. Presented. [76. 5. 30, 1-5.]

These formed the types of my Oriolus etduensis (Cat. B., iii., p. 205),
a species now considered to be identical with 0. chinensia, and Sarcops
lowi.

Sir Hu^h Low was an active collector in all branches of natural
history durmg the many years which he spent in the Malay Archipeli^o
as Inspector at Labuan and afterwards as British Resident at Perak, at
which latter place he established the Museum. I described one of his
collections from Labuan in the ' Proceedings' for 1875, but owing to some
carelessness on the part of his agent, this consignment was handed over
to me as being all from Labuan, whereas a considerable portion of it was
from the mainland of Borneo, mostly from Lumbidan. Governor Ussher,
on being appointed to Labuan, made extensive collections on the island
itself and in the mainland, and in describing this series and another
made by Sir W. H. Treacher, I was able to give a more exact accoimi
of the Avifauna of the island (cf, P.Z.S., 1879, pp. 317-354, pi. xxx.),
and to expunge from my previous list many hypothetical species.

Governor Ussher pays the following tribute to Sir Hugh Low: —
" Natural history in Borneo owes a large debt to him, and his name is
well known to science. His labours in every department of zoology and
botany, as well as his numerous excursions and travels in Borneo, and his
intimate acquaintance with the various tribes of the great island, make
him the foremost authority on all matters connected with that part of the
Malay Archipelago."

Lowe (Dr, Percy R.).

3 birds from the West Indian Islands, two of which were new to the
collection (Spindalis sdlvini and Vireo hermudianus). Presented. [1904.
6. 6, 1-3.]

11 birds from Jamaica. Presented. [1904. 9. 13, 1-11.]

2 B 2

420 Zoology.

liUcaB (W.).

45 birds from Obi Major. Purchased. [1900. 3. 1, 1-45.]
Carpophaga obiensis and PtUonoptu granfdi/rons were new to the
tx}llection.

Lucas (W.).

A collector in the Eastern Transvaal, especially in the Bustenberg
district, where he obtained many interesting species. Several of his
skins are to be found in the Shelley and Seebohm collections.

Lundborg (H.).

9 mounted birds from Sweden. Purchased for the public gallery.
[97. 10. 17, 1-9.]

Mr. Lundborg is a celebrated Swedish taxidermist.

Lyall (Dr.).

See also Stokes, Capt.
7 eggs from New Zealand. Presented. [52. 1. 16, 10-16.]
137 birds from Vancouver Island and K.W. America. Presented.

[59. 1. 26, 1-91 ; 60. 8. 24, 9-34 ; 61. 8. 12, 1-20.]

He was attached as Surgeon to H.M.S. Plumper^ and made quite an

interesting collection on Vancouver Island, in the Straits of Sui Juan

de Fuca, etc.

Lynes (Oommander Hubert), B.N,

11 birds from Southern Spain. Presented. [1905. 8. 5, 1-11.]

McBamet (A. C).

4 birds from Bahia. Presented. [1905. 8. 6, 1-4.]

McCaw (G. I.).

10 birds from the Zambesi. Presented. [1905. 8. 1, 1-10.]

McCleaxman (J.).

Made large collections of birds in Panama, many specimens being
described by the late G. B. Lawrence. A good series are in the Salvin-
Godman collection (c/. Salvin, P.Z.S., 1867, pp. 129-161; 1870, pp.
175-219).

McClelland {Br.).

See India Museum.

McConnell (Frederic Vavasour).

6 birds from British Guiana. Presented. [99. 12. 26, 1-4;
1900. 5. 4, 1 ; 1901. 11. 14, 1.]

Mr. McConnell discovered a new Bunting on the summit of
Mt. Roraima, which I named Zonotrichia macconnelli. He presented the
types of this species to the Museum, as well as that of a new species of
Rculet, Pictunnus macconnelli (Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C., xiL, p. 4, 1901).

He also presented to the Museum a skin of a Goshawk (UrospinoB
jardineif Gumey), of which no specimen was in the National Collection.
[1900. 5. 4, 1 ] Only one other specimen was known, viz., the type in
the Norwich Museum, supposed to have como from New Caledonia.

Birds. 421

McConneU (F. V.) and Quelch (J. J.).

546 birds from British Guiana. Presented. [95. 11. 28, 1-420;
97. 4. 6, 1-8; 98. 11. 21, 1-118.]

This fine collection was made in the neighbourhood of Georgetown,
Demerara, on the Esseqmbo River, and in the inland Savana country. It
contained several interesting forms in spirits, such as Hdiornis^ etc., and
a good representative set of the low-country birds.

McCormick {Dr, Robert).

142 birds and eggs from the Falkland Islands and the Antarctic Seas.
Bequeathed. [90. 12. 13, 1-77; 91.2. 15, 1-11 ; 91. 6. 16, 1-64.1

One morning in the year 1884, several of the officers of the Natural
History Museum were surprised at the sight of a little old man ascending
with quite an elastic step the staircase of the upper floor of the Museum
and disappearing into the Botanical Department. He belonged evidently
to a by-gone age. A rather broad-brimmed hat covered a very evident
wig, his neck was encircled by a high stock, his waistcoat was white and
very low, exposing a wide front of flannel shirt of the hues of a Scotch
plaid. His swallow-tail coat was of a dark blue with gilt buttons, and
his trousers were of a pronounced shepherd's plaid. I was telling some
of my colleagues afterwards of the wonderful appearance of the old
gentleman I had seen, when a knock came at my door, and on opening
it, I foimd myself face to face with the individud in question. On his
introducing himself as Dr. McCormick, I could not repress my astonish-
ment and told him that I thought he had been dead years ago. " Yes,"
he replied, *' I know I ought to have been, but I am not. I am eighty-
four years of age, and I thought, before I died, I should like to see some
of the animals I shot when I was naturalist to the Erebus and Terror^
as i am writing my memoirs." This book appeared shortly after his visit.
I conducted the old veteran round the Bird-Gallery, where he recounted
how he had shot the Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forstert) in the
Antarctic Ice-Pack with a rifle. The old gentleman did not manage to
visit the Museum again, but I used often to go and see him at his home,
Hecla Villa, Wimbledon, and I hope that I helped to cheer his last days,
when he was wonderfully interested in the tame white Dock which he
has immortalised in his book. At his death, as a votive offering to me, he
bequeathed his natural-history specimens to the Museum. They consisted
of certain duplicates from the Antarctic expedition, which he had been
permitted to retain, but they had been sadly neglected for many years
and were nearly all moth-eaten. I was, however, able to keep a few
for the Museum. One of the most notable facts in connection with
Dr. McCormick*s specimens was that they were carefuUy labelled with
the date of capture, etc., but these particulars were seldom preserved by
the Museum authorities at the time.

During the Antarctic expedition, some specimens of a Great Skua
{Megalestris) were discovered, and these ultimately turned out to belong
to an imdescribed species, which was named Megalestris maccormicki
by Mr. Howard Saunders (Cat. B., xxv., p. 321, pL i.). Many
excellent notes on the habits of Antarctic birds from Dr. McCormick's
pen have been published by Gould, and it seems somewhat sad that this
old hero should have been allowed to pass to his grave comparatively
forgotten by his country, for which he had done such sterling work.
His book, which appeared in 1884, bore the following title : " Voyages of
Discovery in the Arctic and the Antarctic Seas and round the World,
being personal narratives of attempts to reach the North and South Poles,

422 Zoology.

And of an open boat expedition up the Wellington Channel in search of
Sir John Franklin and Her Majesty's ships 'Erebus' and 'Terror/ in
Her Majesty's boat ' Forlorn Hope,' under the command of the author
to which are added an autobiography, appendix, portraits, maps, and
numerous illustrations." 2 vols., 8vo, voL i., pp. xii, 412; voL iL,
pp. XX, 432.

Of. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xxxv., p. 11.

McFarlane {Bev, S.).

26 birds from British New Guinea. Purchased. [76. G. 16, 1-13 ;
80. 3. 11, 1-13.]

Mr. McFarlane was one of the early pioneer missionaries in British
Now Guinea, and interested himself in the natural history of the country.
An account of his collection was published by me in the Linnean Society's
Journal, vol. xiii., pp. 79-83. Two species, GravMlus angusti/rons
(^=G, hypolewms) and Zosterops aibiventer, were described as new.

MacGiUivray (J.).

14 birds from Cape York (Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, 1846-1860).
Presented, pi. 1. 11, 1-14.]

Among these specimens were the types of three species described by
Gould, viz., Tanysiptera sylvia, Syma flavirosirisj CMamydodera cervtni-
veneris, and of Calomis purpurtMcens, Gray.

16 birds from the Falkland Islands (Voyage of the Battlesnake),
Presented. [51.1.29,1-16.]

5 birds and 4 eggs from Moreton and Goose Islands (Voyage of the
Rattlesnake). Presented. [51. 4. 2, 1-9.]

13 birds from (kpe York and the Louisiade Archipelago (Voyage of
the Rattlesnake), Presented. [51. 10. 11, 1-13.]

The types of Ptilopus strophittm, Gould, and Piezorhynchus lucidus
(Gbay) are in this collection.

14 birds from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, also from
Tristan d'Acunha (voyage of H.M.SS. Rattlesnake and Eerald),
Presented. [56. 10. 14, 1-14.]

In this donation were included the types of Nesocichla eremita, Gould,
Ptilopus greyif Gray, Columba hypcenochrody Gould, Coryphmnas crassi-
rostriSf Gfould, Lorius chlorocercus, Gould, Centropus mUo, Gould,
Eirundo subfusca {=H. tahitica) (cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., x., p. 141), and
Tropidorhynchus lessoniy Gray.

MacGregor {Sir William).

3 rare birds from British New Guinea (Paramythia montium and
Daphmnositta miranda), [97. 4. 20, 1-4.]

McGregor (R. C. S.).

10 birds from Battle Creek, California. Presented. [98. 12. 14,
1-10.]

Mcllwraithj MoEacham and Co.

7 birds from Mt. Victoria, British New Guinea. Purchased.
[96. 1. 5, 1-7.]

A small selection from a New Guinea collection, offered to the
Museum by the above-named gentlemen, who are merchants in the City.
Since that date the collections have been acquired by the Tring Museum.
They have all contained specimens of value, and a Lorikeet has been
described by Mr. Rothschild as Cydopsittacus macUwraithu

Birds. 423

' In the small collection acquired by the Museam were four species
new to the collection, two of tbem being new to science (Oreopnttacus
mindis, Grant, Melipotes atricepa^ Grant ( = If. fumiffcUus, Meyer).
Specimens of Faramyihia montiumy De Vis and Amblyomis macgregorisBy
De Vis (= A, inomatusy Schl.), were also added to the Museam
collection.

Mcintosh (Donald).

229 birds from Australia, mostly from Victoria. Presented. [1900.
6. 11, 1-204 ; 1900. 6. 24, 1-25].

A well-known Australian sportsman, who presented some interesting
birds.

Mackinder {Prof. H. J.).

85 specimens from the Mackinder expedition to Mount Kenya.
Purchased. [1900. 1. 19, 1-85.]

For an account of Professor Mackinder's Expedition, see the
** Geographical Journal " for 1900 (vol. xv., p. 453). 56 species were
obtained during the journey, which were described by me in my account
of the collection (P.Z.S., 1900, pp. 596-609). Four were new to science,
yiz., Bubo mackinderi (pi. xUii.), Finarochroa emeati and Hyphaniornii
oambumif Campothera hawibergi ; and a fifth species, Cisticola neumanniy
from the Settima Range, has been described by Dr. Hartert (Bull.
B.O.C., xii., p. 13, 1901). A Flycatcher which I at first identified as
Chloropeta interina turned out to be new, and I described it as (7. kenya
(BulL B.O.C., xii., p. 35). Laniarius (ibbotti was also new to the collection.

MoKinlay {Dr. A.).

36 birds from the Malay Archipelago and the coast of China.
Presented. [82. 12. 1, 1-36.]

Dr. McKinlay was surgeon on board H.M.S. Mosguito during the
service of this battleship on the China station. He procured a specimen
of the rare Scops Owl {Fisorhina sticUmota),

Macmillan (W. N.).

430 birds from the Baro and Sobat Bivers and Upper White Nile,
collected by Mr. Zaphiro. Presented. [1905. 12. 25, 1-430.J

Maopherson (J.).

One of Mr. Hume's correspondents who sent him eggs from Mysore.
Majastre (A.).

See Gebrabd, E.
Major {Dr. Fobstth).
See Royal Society.

A collection of birds and skeletons of birds from Madagascar. An
account of the expedition made by Dr. Forsyth Major and Mr. A. Robert
will be found in the '* Proceedings " of the Zoological Society for 1896
(pp. 971-981). For a full account of his work c/. Hist Coll., i.,
ueology, p. 309.

Maltzan {Baron H. yon).

29 specimens from Hidti and San Domingo. Purchased. [89. 3. 27,
1-29.]

Man (E. H.).

6 eg2s of the Kicobar Megapode (Megapodius nicobariefMis). Pre-
sented. [81. 7. 29, 19-24] (c/. Gates, Gat. Kggs Brit. Mua., L, p. 16).

424 Zoology.

MandelU (L.).

13 birds from Sikhim. Presented. [78. 3. 29, 6-18.]
When I first began to work at the Museum, I found the series of
birds from our Indian Empire to be a very poor one, both as regards
the number of species and the condition of specimens, and I wrote to
Mandelli to beg for a few of the Flycatchers necessary for my work in
the fourth volume of the '* Catalogue of Birds." He promptly sent me
the 13 specimens recorded above, which were most useful at the time,
and added five species to the Museum, viz., Nitidula hodgsoniy
Mtucicapuia sapphira^ Erythrostema pusUla^ Cyomis moffnirostris, and
O, tmicolor,

Mandelli employed a number of native collectors, and amassed a fine
series of birds from Sikhim, Native Sikhim, the adjacent portions of Tibet,
and the Bhutan Dooars. So particular was he as to the condition of his
skins that he made a point of throwing away any which were not well
preserved. The unfortunate man ultimately took his own life, and his
collection was purchased by Mr. Allan Hume, and came to the British
Museum with the rest of the Hume collection in 1885. It was one of the
features of this wonderful donation.

Maiming {General W. H.).

438 specimens of birds from Nyasa Land and the neighbouring
countries. Presented. [99. 1. 2, 1-26 ; 99. 3. 1, 1-148 ; 1900. 11. 12,
1-222 ; 1901. 6. 20, 1-33 ; 1901. 7. 5, 1-9.]

The good work begun in Nyasa Land by Sir Harry Johnston was
continued by GlenenJ (then Colonel) Manning, who succeeded him as
H.B.M. Commissioner for British Central Africa. The collections sent by
(General Manning were described by Capt. Shelley in the " Ibis ** for 1899
(pp- 281-283, 369, 564-580, pis. v., vi. ; 1901, pp. 161-177, 586-595.
Chlorophoneus manningi is named after him (c/". Ibis, 1899, pp. 281-283,
364-380, pis. v., vi.), and other species, Lyhius macclcuni, CisticoUi
alttcolck^ and Cypselus cU/redif were discovered by Mr. McCloun and the
naturalists employed by General Manning.

Of. Who's Who, 1905, p. 1067.

Mantell {Dr.), RB.S.

10 specimens, including cast of the head of the Dodo, eggs and skulls
of Ostrich and skeletons of other birds. Presented. [41. 1. 12, 36, 38, 39 ;
41. 1. 14, 26, 28 ; 41. 1. 14, 36, 44, 57 ; 41. 1. 17, 2, 3.]

Cf, Diet, Nat. Biogr , xxxvi., p. 99.

Mantell (Walteb), Esq, [Son of the above.]

5 specimens from New Zealand. Purchased (through Mr. Cbuld).
[56. 5. 28, 1-5.]

The origin^ example of Notomis mantelli was purchased on this
occasion. The history of the specimen is given by Mr. Grould in his
"Handbook to the Birds of Australia" (vol ii., pp. 576-579). The
types of Nestor notahUiaf Qould, were also acquired at the same time.

A second specimen of Notomis in the Museum bears no register
number, but is said to have been procured bv Mr. Walter Mantell, and is
so chronicled by Sir Walter BuUer (B. New Zealand, 1st ed., p. 192). The
two specimens were mounted by the late Mr. A. D. Bartlett, and were for
many years exposed in the public Bird Gallery. When the collections
were transferred to South Kensington from Bloomsbury they were removed
and placed in the bird-cabinets, where they are no longer exposed to the
risk of bleaching.

Birds. 425

The type of Spatula variegata, Gould, was bought at the same time
(cf. Salvadori, Cat. B., xxvii., p. 314).

Maries (C).

46 birds from China and Jajian. Purchased. [80. 2. 27, 1-46.]
This collection added a 8i)ecimen of Ampdis phxnicoptera to the

collection.

14 mounted 8i)ecimen8 from Gwalior. Presented. [91. 6. 20, 1-14.]
These birds were beautifully mounted by Mr. Maries, when he was

Curator to the Gwalior Museum.

Markham {Admiral A. H.).

10 specimens of eggs from Novaya Zemlya. Presented. [79. 11. 15,
1-10.]

Some of these eggs were very interesting, especially those of the
Glaucous Gull (Larus glauciui), etc.

Marsden {Mr. Hebbebt).

20 embryos and nestlings of Fulmar Petrels and other St. Hilda birds.
Purchased. [99.7.11,1-20.]

MarshaU {Colonel C. H. T.).

37 specimens, chiefly from the Himalayas. Presented. [78. 3. 11,
1-19; 78.5.4,7-24.]

10 specimens from Chamba, N. W. Himalayas. Presented. [84. 7. 22,
1-10.]

Includes the type of the new Monaul (Lophophorus chamhantu)^ now
believed to be merely a variety of the common species, L. rrfulgens,

Marshall (Guy A. E.).

41 specimens of birds from Mashonaland. Presented. [96. 3. 15,
1-35 ; 1900. 2. 20, 5-10.]

Eldest son of Colonel C. H. T. Marshall, and a first-rate naturalist and
collector. He has done some very extensive work with South African
Lepidoptera, and has written a very interesting paper on the Birds of
Mashonaland (Ibis, 1900, pp. 221-270). The collections presented by
Mr. Guy Marshall contained several interesting species hitherto supposed
to be confined to S.W. Africa.

Martin (Dr. Henby C).

Two curious grey varieties of the Rook {Trypanocorax frugilegus)
From Wiltshire. Presented. [1902. 7. 8, 1-2.J

Meade-Waldo (E. G. B.).

60 birds from the Atlas Mountains, Marocco, including the types of
ParuB cUlas, Motactlla suhpersonata and Coiile ftiauritanica. Presented.
[1904. 4. 12, 1-60.]

A skeleton of Bubo ignavus from Norway. Presented. [1904. 6. 24, 1.]

An egg of Symium uralense, laid in confinement. Presented. [1905.
6. 21, l^T

450 specimens from the Canary Islands, etc. Presented. [1905. 12. 23,
1-450.]
Hears {Capt, A.).

116 birds from the Upper Chindwin River. Presented. [1903. 12. 4,
1-104; 1903. 12. 11, 1-12.]

340 birds from the Upper Chindwin River, Burma. Presented,
[1904. 12. 6, 1-7 ; 1904. 12. 12, 1-333; 1905. 9. 24, 1-200.]

426 Zoology.

Meek (A. S.).

See Gebbabd.
Mr. Albert Meek has been one of the band of naturalists who have
collected for the Hon. Walter Rothschild in Papuasia and North
Australia. In company with his brother-in-law Mr. Eickhom, he has
carried out some surprisingly successful expeditions, which are recorded in
the following papers in the " Novitates Zoologicas " by the Hon. Walter
Rothschild and Dr. Hartert: vol. ii., 1895, p. 61 (Fergusson Island);
iii., 1896, pp. 233-251 (Fergusson, Trobriand, Egum, Woodlark Islands);
v., 1898, pp. 521-532 (Sudest Island) ; vi., 1899, pp. 76-84 (Rossel Island),
206-217 (St. Aignan Island), 423-428 (Cape York) ; viii., pp. 179-189

SKulambangra, Florida Islands, Solomon Archipelago); pp. 873-382
Guadalcanar) ; ix., pp. 581-594, pLs. vii.-ix. (Isabel Island), xiiL, pp. 244-
268 (Solomon Island).

Meinertzhagen (Dan).

77 skeletons and birds in spirits. Presented. [98. 5. 7, 1-77.]
Of all the young naturalists whom I have known, Dan Meinertzhagen
was certainly one of the most promising, and his early death was a real
misfortuue for ornithological science. I have seen his MSS. written when
a boy at Harrow, and they not only show an extraordinary method of
observation, but are accompanied by drawings far above the usual school-
boy level. He was particularly interested in the Accipitref, of which he
kept a fine col lection of living examples at his father's residence at Mottis-
font Abbey. He had also a very good collection of eggs, and had begun
to travel in pursuit of ornithological knowledge, making a successful
expedition into Lapland in company with Mr. R. P. Hornby. Had he
lived he would no doubt have risen to very high rank as a scientific
observer. " Bird Life in an Arctic . Spring," London, 1899, 8^0 (pp.
xxxiv., 150, pis. 27) gives his diary of his Lapland expedition, with an
interesting memoir of the author by his mother.

Menzbier {Professor M.).

168 birds from Turkestan, collected by the late Dr. Severtzow, and
purchased through Professor Menzbier [90. 3. 8, 1-168.]

This ooUection added largely to our Palsearctic series. Chdidon
lagopus and Cynchramus polaris were new to the Museum.

529 specimens of Paridm. Purchased. [1901. 5. 4, 1-529.]

This was the private collection of Professor Menzbier, who had
intended to write a monograph of the Paridm or family of Tits.
Finding that his duties at the University of Moscow had so much
increased that there was little hope of his being able to write his intended
monograph, he offered his collection to the Trustees of the British
Museum, who thus acquired a beautiful series of the Palsearctic species,
including four which were previously unrepresented in the National
Collection, with Bemiza macronyx^ LophobasHeus degans^ etc, and tynes
of PariM songartu, P, affinis, P. swperciliosa and Acredvia (Uronuchcuis.
As the eighth volume of the " Catalogue of Birds," notoriously defective
and out of date, is about to be re-written, this collection of Paridm will
be found to be of immense service.

Merlin {Oonml C. W. L.).

58 birds from Greece and Asia Minor. Presented. [43. 7. 8, 1-27 ;
45. 5. 28, 1-13 ; 65. 8. 18, 1-18.]

Mr. Merlin was for many years H.B.M. Consul at Athens, and was a

Birds. 427

girsonal friend of Dr. Eriiper, with whom he made several expeditions.
e sent many interesting birds to the Museum.

Merriam {Br, C. Habt).

9 birds from Locust Grove, New York. Presented. [84. 10. 6, 1-9.]
Dr. Hart Merriam is now the chief of the Division of Biological Survey
in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and under his administration some
admirable work has been done, as may be seen in the *' North American
Fauna," which is published under his direction. On assuming his
appointment in the U.S. Agricultural Department he gave up the special
study of ornithology, in order to devote his whole time to the duties of his
important position. His collection of birds, mostly from Locust Grove,
the Adirondack Mountains, and other districts of the State of New York,
passed into the hands of his friend, Mr. H. W. Henshaw, and formed an
important part of the great Henshaw collection presented to the Trustees
by Dr. F. D. Godman.

Meves (W.).

131 birds from Sweden. Purchased. [74. 1. 1, 1-99 ; 74. 1. 25, 1-32.]
Meves was one of the best taxidermists of his age, and certainly one of
the best collectors. He was a great friend of Sundevull and Wahlberg,
the latter of whom named a Glossy Starling LamvrotomU mevtsi* from
Damara Land. One of my first thoughts on oeiug appointed to the
Museum was to get together a good collection of Swinish birds, as being
the typical species described by Linnasus. I therefore applied to my old
correspondent, Meves, from whom I had had much help when compiling
the *' Birds of Europe,*' and he sent over a nice series of the common birds
of Sweden, in various stages of plumage.

Meyer (Dr, A. B.).
See Gbbbabd.
The Museum was able to acquire a few duplicate specimens from
Dr. Meyer's celebrated expedition to New Guinea and the Moluccas. A
few more were received with the G^uld collection.

Miles {OoUmel).

66 birds from Muscat. Presented. [86. 11. 5, 1-52 ; 85. 11. 7, 1-14.]
This collection created a great deal of interest amongst ornithologists
on its arrival at the British Museum, coming as it did from a locality on
the borderland between the Indian and Pahearctic regions. This
interesting fact is emphasized by the occurrence of a new Eagle Owl,
Bubo mxl€9i, allied to the African forms of Bvho, and a Bee-eater, Merops
muscatensU, which finds its nearest ally in M. viridis of India and
M, cyanophrys of Aden. The collection was described by me in the
* Ibis ' for 1888 (pp. 162-168, pi. vi.).

Milne (Professor).

See Janson, E. W.
Wben studying volcanic action in Japan, Professor Milne sent home
some collections of animals which were offered to the British Museum,
and we obtained some interesting birds.

* The English name for this bird must be Meves' Starling, not Meve's
Starling, as given in the ** Fauna of S. Africa," Birds, i, p. 32.

428 Zoology.

Milner (Capt. W. H.).

43 birds from Central and South America. Presented. [91. 10. i>,
1-25 ; 95. 3. 10, 1-8; 96. 4. 3, 1-10.]

Captain Milner was in command of one of the steamers of the Royal
Mail Steam Packet Company, and sometimes found time to shoot a few
sea-birds, such as Frigate-birds, etc., which he brought home in the freezing
chamber of the vessel. l*he Museum thus procured some interesting
species of birds suitable for mounting in the Public Grallery, and for
making into good skeletons.

Miramende {Mr,),

2 specimens of Uratdomis chimsBrOj the Long-tailed Ground-KoUer
of Madagascar. Purchased. [1902. 12. 10, 1-2.]

Mitchell {Sir Thomas).

212 birds and 14 eggs from Australia. Presented. [39. b. 2,
101-128 ; 42. 7. 4, 1-27 ; 47. 8. 14, 48-164.]

Moohler-Ferryman {CapL A. F.).

20 specimens from Shonga, Upper Nigeria. Presented. [90. 3. 23,
1-20.]

Cf. his book, "Up the Niger," 1892, App. Birds, p. 310.

Moloney {Sir Alfred), K,C.M.0.

23 birds from the Gold Coast. Presented. [83. 10. 22, 1-23.]

5 birds from Lagos. Presented. [90. 2. 7, 1-5.]

Sir Alfred Moloney was successively Secretary to the Gold Coast,
Administrator of the Grambia, and afterwards of Lagos, and took great
interest in the natural history of the dependencies over which he ruled.
He also made a good collection of Senegambian birds for Captain Shelley ;
this has passed with the Shelley collection into the British Museum.

Of. "Who's Who," 1904, p. 1075.

Monteiro (Joachim J.).

179 birds from Angola and Benguela. [73. 12. 10, 1-179.]
Monteiro was a great personal friend of my own, and he was one of
the most clever and amiaole men I have ever met. His wife, who was
an accomplished musician, was also a bom naturalist and an excellent
coUector, and shared with her husband all the difficulties and discomforts
connected with a life in the wilds of Africa. Monteiro was one of the
first of our British naturalists to visit Angola, and his collections were
described by Dr. Hartlaub in the 'Proceedings' of the Zoological Society
for 1860, pp. 109-112, pi. clxi. ; 1865, pp. 86-96, pis. iv.-vi. ; cf. also
Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1870, pp. 142-150, pi. xiii.; and the *lbis' for 1862,
pp. 333-342, pi. xi. There were many new forms, and for a long time Mon-
teiro was imwilling to part with his collection ; but in 1873 he yielded to
my entreaties and offered it to the Trustees, whereby the Museum became
possessed of the types of many interesting species : Ortygomdra ango-
letisis, HartL ( = Crecopais egregia^ Peters ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 81),
Otis puiurata^ HartL { = Eeterotetrax ruppdli, Wahlberg; cf, Shariie,
tc.y p. 29), Bhinoptilus hiaignaiusy Asturinula meridionalisy Laphoceros
monteiri (HartL), Toccus eleganSy HartL {=Lophoceros elegans. Grant,
Cat B., xvii., p. 415), Upupa decorate^ HartL (= U. africanct, Becbst;
cf, Salvin, Cat. B., xvL, p. 14), Caprimvlgus fulviventris, HartL, Hirundo
monteiri, HartL, Flatysteira aJbifrona, Sharpe, Mwdcapa lugens, HartL,
Fycnonotus tricolor^ HartL, AethocicMa gymnogtnys, HartL, Laniarius

Birds. 429

monteiri, Sharpe, Dryoscopus guttaius^ Hartl., 2>. angoleruii, Hartl.,
Nectarinia chalcea^ ifartl. {-Cinnyris cupretu, Shaw), Vidua decora^
HartL, Hyphantomis xanthops, Hartl., Fytelia monteiri, Hartl., Certhi-
lauda benguellensis, Sharpe.

Obituary Notice, Ibis, 1878, p. 208.

Moore (F.).

See HoBSFiELD, Dr., and India Museum, London.
Mr. Frederic Moore was bom May 13th, 1830, at the house of the
Zoological Society, 33, Bruton Street, his parents being the OfBoe- and
House-keeper to the Society ; these duties being continued by them at
the Society's House and Museum in Leicester Square, Pall Mall, and at 11,
Hanover Square. His school days were spent at the Academy of Mr. W.
Chambers, F.Z.S., in Castle Street, Leicester Sauare, which he left in 1845.
He then went as Entomological Assistant to the Rev. F. W. Hope, at his
Museum in Upper Seymour Street. In 1848 he was appointed Assistant
to Dr. T. Horsfield, in the Museum of the East India Company in
Leadenhall Street, and, after the abolition of the Company, he mied the
duties of Assistant-Curator and Zoological Superintendent of the India
Museum till its transference to the Crown, in 1880, when he retired on a
pension from the Indian Government. From 1880 he fulfilled the OfBce
of Entomologist in the Economic Section of the Science and Art Museum,
at the branch in Bethnal Green, till the abolition of this Section in 1883.
From 1881 to 1887, he compiled and published the three vols, of the
" Lepidoptera of Ceylon," and from the latter year to the present (1905)
has also prepared and published six vols, of the ** Lepidoptera ludica.*'
In 1893 he received the Honorary Degree of D.Sc. from the University of
Pennsylvania.

Moore (Spencer).

25 eggs of Brazilian birds. Presented. [1900. 8. 19, 1-28.]

Morcom (G. Frean).

82 specimens of birds from California. Presented. [87. 1. 27, 1-82.]
The tyiKj of Colinus ridywayi is included in this collection.

Moreno {Br. F. P.).

242 birds from the Argentine Republic. Presenttnl. [99. 1. 27, 1-242.]
Dr. Moreno was one of the Commissioners of the Chili-Argentina
IJoundary Settlement. The collection which he gave to the Museum was
principally from the Salta district, and contained a number of interesting
species, among them being a new Dove {Oymnopelia morenai, Sharw,
Bull. B.O.C., xii., p. 54, 1902).

Morgan {Rev. Chancellor A.).

3 birds from Monmouthshire. Presented. [73. 12. G, 1-3.]
(.'hancellor Morgan was a friend of Dr. GUnther, and sent specimens

for the collection.

Morrogh (Dr. A. McCarthy).

21 birds from Uganda, British East Africa. Presented. [1902. 7, 30
1-21.]

Moseley (£. L.).

73 specimens from the Philippine Islands. Purchased. [90. 9 9

1-25 ; 91. 4. 25, 1-48.] ' '

138 specimens from the Philippine Islands. Exchanged. [90. 12 1
1-138.]

430 Zoology.

Mr. Moseley was one of the band of Daturalists who joined the
celebrated expedition of Prof. J. B. Steere to the Philippine Archipelago,
and afterwards took part in the Meams expedition to the same group.

In the above purchases were numerous species new to the Museum :
Chrysocolaptes BamarensiSt Centropus mindarensis, Oranorhinus waldeni^
Lorictdus worcesteri, L, mindorensis, L. siquijorenstSy Ceyx fluminiocHa^
C, malamauif and the type of Ceyx houmai^ Oraucaltu mindoreiwiSf
Edoliiaoma panayensia, lole aiquijorensiSf I. mindarenMy Irena dUsy
Arachnothera phUippinensis, Zeocephua cinnamomeua, Mticronua minda"
nenaUy Ahromia olivncea, DictBum heatiy Cinnyria guimaraaenaia. Crypto-
lopha nigrorumy Sarcophanopa aamarenaiay PtuociMa haaUanioay Miocomis
nigricapitatWf and Cittocinda cebuemia.

Mougel.

A correspondent of Edward Hargitt, in whose collection are many
specimens from the Vosges Moimtains obtained by Mougel.

Moulden (E. S.).

37 eggs of birds from Adelaide, South Australia. Presented. [1900. 5. 21,
1-9; 1900.5.25,1-28.]

Munt (H.).

77 specimens of birds from Australia. Presented. [96. 4. 8, 1-77.]

Murray (A.).

See cdao Ross, B. R.
40 birds from Fort Simpson, W. Canada, collected by B. B. Ross.
Presented. [61. 7. 9, 1-40.]

Murray {Sir John), K.C.B.

152 specimens of birds* nests and eggs from Christmas Island, Indian
Ocean. Presented. [97. 12. 15, 1-36 ; 98. 9. 16, 1-88 ; 98. 9. 21, 1-10;
98. 9. 27, 1-18.1

Sir John Murray supplied the funds for a scientific exploration of
Christmas Island, and Dr. Andrews, of the British Museum, was the
naturalist selected. The results of this very successful expedition are set
forth in a memoir published by the Trustees : ** A Monograph of Christmas
Island (Indian OceEm)," London, 1900, 8vo, Aves, pp. 37-50, pis. iii.-vi.

Museums.

See Australian (p. 302), Brussels (p. 321), Calcutta (p. 395),
Salanoorb (p. 461), South African (p. 487), West
Australian (p. 508).

Musters (J. P. Chawobth).

5 specimens of birds from Spain and Norway. Presented. [1902.
3. 26, 1-5.]

Nelson (E. W.).

A very celebrated American field-naturalist, who has done most
excellent collecting work in Alaska ^q/*. " Cruize of the Corwin '*), and
esf^ecially in Mexico for the U.S. Biological Surrey. Many specimens
from his Alaska expedition were in the Henshaw collection.

Neroutcheff (D.).

7 specimens from Baku, Caspian Sea, including specimens of An»er
rhodorhynchua and Branta ruficoUia. Exchanged. [1902. 8. 15, 1-7.]

Birds. 431

Newnes {Sir George), Bart.

186 birds and eggs from Victoria Land. Presented. [1901. 1. 6^
1-64; 1901. 1. 7, 1-104; 1901. 2. 5, 1-6; 1901. 12. 1, 1-12.]

This is the collection made by the late Nikolai Hanson and Mr. Hugh
Evans on the expedition of the Southern Crossy and described in the
" Report on the collections of Natural History " from that voyage (Aves,
pp. 106-172, pis. vii.-x.), published by the Trustees in 1902.

Newton {Professor Alfred), F.B.S.

21 specimens from the islands of St. Thomas and St. Croix in the
West Indies. Presented. [69. 3. 25, 7-27.]

An account of the birds collected in St. Croix by Professor Newton
and his brother. Sir Edward Newton, is published in the 'Ibis' for 1859
(pp. 69-69, pi. i., 138-150, 262-264, 366-379, pi. xii.\

For the scientific work of this celebrated British ornithologist, see
* Who's Who,' 1906, p. 1186, from which publication I have extracted
the following notes : —

Professor Newton was a Travelling Fellow of Magdalene College,
Cambridge, 1864-63, visiting Lapland, Iceland, West India Islands, and
North America ; re-elected Fellow, 1877 ; in 1864 accompanied Mr. (now
Sir) Edward Birkbeck to Spitsbergen ; brought the subject of Bird Pro-
tection before British Association, 1868 ; for several years Chairman of
the Close-time Committee, during which time were passed the first three
Acts of Parliament for Protection of Birds ; gave especial attention to expir-
ing faunas of Mascarene and Sandwich Islands ; Chairman many years of
British Association Migration of Birds Committee; has been Vice-
President of the Royal and (frequently) Zoological Society ; President of
Cambridge Philosophical Society; awarded gold medal of Linnean Society,
and one of the Koyal medals adjudged by the Royal Society, 1900.
FMicatioru : " 'Vhe Zoology of Ancient Europe," 1862 ; " The Ornithology
of Iceland '^f Appendix to Mr. Baring-Grould's work on that island, 1863; ;
"Ootheca Wolleyana," 1864-1902; "Aves in the Record of Zoological
Literature" (vols, i.-vi.); "Zoology," 1874 (2nd ed., 1894); "Birds of
Greenland " (Arctic Manual, 1876) ; " A Dictionary of Birds " (1893-96) ;
numerous contributions to scientific journals and articles in " Encyclo-
paedia Britannica," 9th ed. ; editor of the ** Ibis," new series, 1865-70 ;
"The Zoological Record," 1870-72 ; "Yarrell's British Birds" 4th ed^
vols. i. ii., 1871-82.

NiOOll (MiOHABL J.)

An enthusiastic young observer who has accompanied the Earl of
Crawford's voyages round the world, as naturalist on board the Valhalla
(1902-3) (1903-4) (1905-6). He was bom at Bepton in Sussex in 1880,
and takes great interest in the birds of his native county.
See Cbawfobd, Earl of.

Nioholson (Francis).

31 birds from Heligoland. Presented. [76. 11. 28, 1-31.]

Mr. Nicholson is a very zealous ornithologist, and formed one of our

party when 1 accompanied Mr. Seebohm on his well-known journey to

Heligoland (c/. « Ibis,' 1877, pp. 166-166).

69 birds from Abeokuta, West Africa. Presented. [77. 11. 25, 1-69.]
I^hese birds were collected by Mr. Robin and were described by

Mr. Nicholson in the " Proceedings " of the Zoological Society in 1878

(pp. 128-131, pi. X.). EstriUda sharpei was described as new: it has

432 Zoology.

since been found to be identical witb Estrilda oapistratOf and sbould be
called Fyidta capiatrata (Hartl.) (qf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 390, noUi).

18 birds from Gape Palmas, Queensland, etc. Presented. [77. 12. 6,
1-18.]

ISiS birds and nests from Java, collected by Dr. H. 0. Forbes.
Presented. [78. 10. 21, 1-121 ; 82. 9. 26, 1-17.] Includes the type of
Zosteropa hixtoni ( = Z. aureiventer; cf. Cat. B., ix., p. 163).

Dr. Forbes* Javan collection was described by Mr. Nicholson in the
« Ibis" for 1879 (pp. 164-171, 1882, pp. 66-71^

11 birds from Sumatra, coUectea by Dr. H. 0. Forbes. Presented.
[83. 2. 19, 1-11.] (^. Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, pp. 61-66). Eemixw
sumairanus and Zosterops chlorates were new to the collection.

NiBbett {Capt. W. G.).

16 specimens of Silver Pheasants from the Eachin Hills in Upper
Burma, Presented. [1902. 11. 9, 1-16.]

Included the type of Oennmus nisbetti, Gates, Ibis, 1903, p. 99.

Nix (Charles).

44 birds from China. Presented. [1904. 12. 1, 1-44.]

Nixon {Mi88).

23 birds from California. Presented. [190c. 8. 11, 1-23.]

Noble (Hbatlet).

6 specimens of the rare Duck, Elasmonetta cktorotis, from New
Zealand. Presented. [99. 10. 17, 1-6.]

2 specimens of White's Thrush ( OreocicJda varia) with nest. Presented.
[1900. 6. 7, 1-2.]

These are the specimens exhibited in the nesting series. Group No. 26.

25 embryos of birds in spirit. Presented. [1900. 8. 10, 8-32.]

4 specimens of the Steamer-Duck {Tachyeres cinerem\ from the
Falkland Islands. Presented. [1900. 11. 30, 1-4.]

7 birds from Southern Spain. Presented. [1901. 7. 17, 1-7.]

Nordvi.

Many specimens of eggs collected by Nordvi are in the Seebohm
collection. His name frequently occurs in Pleske's " Kola Halb-InseL"

Norman (G. C).

6 eggs of British birds, from Bristol. Presented. [86. 6. 16, 1-6.]
Mr. Norman was for some years a volunteer assistant in the Bird
Boom, and was a great help in registering and incorporating our acces-
sions. He wrote a paper ''Gn the G^graphical Distribution of the
Crested Cuckoos {Coccystes)^ m the * Ibis ' for 1888, pp. 396-409, and
described a new species, C7. caroli.

North (A. J.).

98 eggs from Australia. Presented. [1905. 5. 21, 1-98.]
Boni in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, of English parents, Alfred
John North exhibited in his earliest years an inborn taste for ornithology.
During his school-days, the nucleus was formed of his large private
collection. Visits were made to the National Museum, Melbourne, where
he occasionally met the Director, the late Sir Frederick McCoy, but more
frequently (owing to Sir Frederick's professorial and other duties) the
late Mr. William Kershaw, and the late Mr. John Leadbeater, who

Birds. 433

respectively had charge of the Eotomological and Ornithological depart-
ments. Iq August 1878, he spent that month in the fern-gullies and
hills of the Strzelecki Ranges in South Gippsland. The ruthless act of
the selector and bush-fires had then but barely touched one of Nature's
fairest domains, the home of the Giant Fern and towering Eucalyptus^
the latter ranking among the tallest trees in the world, llie locality was
rich in bird-life, and a fair representative collection of bird-skins and eggs
was made during this and many succeeding visits to the same district.
Ptihtis cassidix and Pyciwptelus floccosxis were amongst the most common
birds there, and the nest and eggs of the latter species were discovered.
In 1880 he became one of the original members of The Field Naturalists*
Club of Victoria, and, though absent from that State for the past
eighteen years, still remains an active member. Since 1878 he had been
corresponding with Dr. E. P. Ramsay, Curator of the Australian Museum,
Sydney, from whom he received many valuable hints as to the proper
mode of collecting birds and their eggs, their correct identification and
nomenclature, and the importance of making full notes relative to their
habits. This information was supplemented by exchanges of specimens
from Dr. Ramsay*s private collection at Dobroyde. At intervals, until
September 1886, coUecticg-trips were made, principally to the Ballarat and
south-western districts of Victoria, South Gip[)6land, and Western Port.
All the sets of eggs from Victoria and New South Wales sent to the late
Mr. Phillip Crowley, and now in the British Museimi, as well as others
presented direct to the Trustees of the latter institution, were personally
taken by him.

Mr. North then left Victoria, to arrange the Dobroyde collection for
Dr. Ramsay, with the further intention of proceeding to Cairns, in North-
eastern Queensland, to join a relative who had spent the two preceding
years in that distnct, and who from time to time had forwarded him
specimens of bird-skins, eggs, and insects. It was, however, decided
otherwise. After a stay of five months in Sydney, arranging at his
leisure the Dobroyde collection, and subsequently the collection of birds*
eggs in the Australian Museum, he was asked in February 1897 by
the Trustees of the latter institution to undertake the preparation of a
Catalogue. This he did, and it was published in 1899 under the title of
" Descriptive Catalogue of the Nests and Eggs of Birds found breeding in
Austndia and Tasmania.'* Later on he was appointed to assist the
Curator, Dr. Ramsay, principally in the preparation of the " Catalogue of
Australian Birds in the Australian Museum.** In company with Dr.
Ramsay, collecting-expeditions were made to different parts of the State.
In addition to obtaining birds and eggs, in 1888 he made large collections
of Silurian fossils at Lilydale, and Tertiary fossils at Muddy Creek and
Sclmapper Point, Victoria, and in the following year of Permo-carboni-
ferous fossils at Gerringong and Crooked River, New South Wales. On
the 4th August, 1891, be was appointed to the position he now holds, as
Ornithologist, in the Australian Museum. In 1896-7 he visited the
inland plains between Narrabri and Moree, and northward to the neigh-
bourhood of the Queensland border, making a collection of birds, nests,
and eggs, a short trip being made in the following year to the Upper
Clarence River District.

His official duties keeping him for the most part in town, he has
chosen for residence outlying suburbs, where he has made himself
thoroughly acquainted with the habits and nidification of each bird,
and, where possible, has studied the life history of a species. Thus five
years were spent at Dobroyde and Ashfield, four more on the outskirts of

VOL. II. 2 F .

434 Zoology.

Canterbury and Croydon, and seven years at Chatowood and RoseviUe.
The latter is beautifully timbered, with scrub and heath-lands in places,
intersected with creeks and ravines leading to Middle Harbour, and is
likely to remain a delis^htful hunting ground for the ornithologist for
many years to come. The results of his labours have chiefly app^red in
his many contributions to the '* Proceedings of the Linnean Society of
New South Wales,** the " Records of the Australian Museum," and the
'* Sydney Town and Country Journal " (the latter anonymous) ; to a less
extent in " The Victorian Naturalist,** the ** Proceedings of the Zoological
Society ** (London), *' The Ibis," and kindred publications. Not forgetting
the " Descriptive Catalogue** previously referred to, among his other more
important contributions to ornithological literature are the ^ Aves of the
Horn Scientific Expedition to Centnd Australia,** published in 1896, and
a " List of Birds collected by the Calvert Exploring Expedition in Western
Australia,*** published in the " Proceedings of the Royal Society of South
Australia** for 1898, the field notes being supplied in both instances by
that indefatigable collector, Mr. G. A. Eeartland.

The work on which Mr. North is now engaged, and of which four Parts
and an Index forming Volume I. have been published by the Trustees of
the Australian Museum, is " Specifd Catalogue No. I." His life-histories
of lihipidura dlbUcapay Micrmca/aacinans, Oerygoneallngtilaris, Malurus
lambertiy and Origma rubricata, show what can be done by daily
observation, under favourable auspices, and in the neighbourh(>od of a
large city. Especial attention has also been paid to the family of Bower-
bii3s {Ftilonorhynchidm) in the work, which is freely illustrated with
drawings of birds and photographs of nests, mostly taken in situ by the
author.

Northboume {Lord).

A spenmen of Baillon*s Crake {Porzana hailloni) from Deal. Pre-
sented. [1905,10.10,1.]

Northoott {Oohnel H. P.).

55 birds from Oambai^a in the Gold Coast Hinterland, West Africa.
Presented. [99. 9. 20, 1-55.]

A list of Colonel Northcott's collection was published by me in the
"Bulletin" of the British Ornithologists* Club for 1899 (pp. vL, vii.).
Amongst other interesting species obtained by him was Lanius
guberncUoTy Hartl., previously only known from Equatorial Africa. In the
same number of the " Bulletin ** some new species from Ghunbaga were
described by Dr. Hartert from Captain Giffard*s collection (t,c., p. v. ; id.,
Nov. Zool., VI., pp. 402-403). Colonel Northcott was at a moment*s
notice despatched from Eneland to join Lord Methuen's staff on the
Modder River, and was killed almost immediately on his arrival.

(Of. Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C., x., p. xxvi.)

Nurse {Capt. C. G.).

53 birds from Aden aud Somali Land. Exchanged. [96. 2. 18, 1-53.1
Captain Nurse made some interesting collections, principally of

Lepidoptera, but the Museum also received some birds from him, among

them being our first specimens of the Somali-Land Sparrow (Passer

castanopterus).

Proc. Roy. Soc. South Austr., voL xxii., p. 125 (1898).

Birds. 435

Gates (Eugene W.).

67 birds from Burma. Purchased. [82. 1. 9, 1-67.] Among other
interestiDg species, the Burmese Merlin (^Poliohierax insignis) was added
to the Museum collection.

62 nests and sterna of Burmese birds. Presented. [82. 1. 16, 1-31 ;
82. 1. 17, 1-31.]

1562 specimens of Burmese birds. Purchased. [82. 1. 20, 1428;
85. 4. 17, 1-9; 88. 8. 18, 1-49.]

A splendid series of Pelicans, and 34 species new to the collection,
were acquired on this occasion.

610 eggs of Burmese birds. Presented. [82. 3. 20, 1-393; 84. 10. 2,
1-198; 85.7.21,199-218.]

99 specimens from the Shan States. Presented. [91. 3. 15, 1-13;
94. 7. 3, 1-86.]

The first scientific collections received by the Museum from Burma.
Ghracttlipioa/uscogtUaris, Salvad., was new to the National Collection,
but the snecimen was afterwards referred to G. burmanioa by Mr. Oates
(* Faun. "Bnt, Ind., Birds,' i., p. 535). Pomatorhinus imberhis^ Salyad.,
was new to the Museum, as also the type of IxuIub darhi^ Oates.

Mr. Oates was an officer in the Public Works Department in Burma,
and rose to the highest positions in this branch of tne Service. In his
leisure moments he devoted himself to the study of natural history, and
it is as a naturalist that he will alwavs be known to fame. No more con-
scientious worker has ever lived, and his '* Birds of British Burma," and
the first two volumes of the " Aves " in the ** Fauna of British India," are
models of what such books should be. His influence on the history of
zoology has been great, and his work is held in high esteem by all
ornithologists. EUs recent illness, which has compelled him to fore go the
completion of the *' Catalogue of Birds* Eggs in the British Museum," of
which he wrote the first two volumes, has been much regretted by aU his
colleagues in the British Museum.

Oates (Frank).

See Oates, W. E. and C. G.

Oates (W. E. and C. G.).

350 birds from Matabele Land. Presented [79. 9. 7, 1-350.]
This collection was made by Mr. Frank Oates, the brother of the
donors, and was described by me in the Appendix to *' Matabele Land
and the Victoria Falls " (8vo, London, 1881), App., pp. 294-328, pis.
A, B. Bradyomis oates* and Saxicola sTMeyi were described as new, but
the latter species of Chat is now considered to be a Thamnolma (cf. Sharpe,
Handl., iv., p. 170). Frank Oates was a most enthusiastic sportsman and
naturalist, and would have done much good ornithological work, had his
life been prolonged. He died during his journey back from the Zambesi.

Ogilvie (F. Mbnteith).

28 specimens of Oame-birds from Argyllshire. Presented. [91. 12. 24,
1-28.]

Ogilvie-Grant (W. R.).

See also Baring, Hon. Cecil ; and Fobbes, Dr. H. 0. ; Beid, Capt.
G. Savile ; Rothschild, Hon. Walter.
59 birds and eggs from Crieflf, Perthshire. Presented. [84. 5w 16,
1-10; 84. 6. 3, 1-6; 97. IL 6, 1-43.]

2 F 2

436 Zoology.

8 birds from Bournemouth. Presented. [89. 2. 27, 1-87.]
27 birds from Banffshire. Presented. [89. 10. 1, 1-27.]

82 birds from Madeira and the Desertas. Presented. [90. 5. 7, 1-82.]
Among many other interesting species, a new Sparrow Hawk, AodpUer
^ranti, was described by me.

10 specimens of Shags and Cormorants from Cromarty. Presented.
[97. 5. 14, 1-10.]

16 specimens of Geese and Pigeons from Cromarty and Sutherlandshire.
Presented by W. R. Ggnyie-Grant, Capt. Sayile Reid, and G. A. St.
Quintin. [97. 6. 16, 1-16.]

The groups of the Grey Lag-Goose (^Anser aruer) and Bock Dove
(Columba l%via% with their nests, eggs, and natural surroundings, were
obtained on this occasion. [Nos. 147 and 82 of the nesting-groups.]

9 British Marsh Tits, and other birds from Kent, Hertfordshire, Berk-
shire, Surrey, Sussex, etc. Presented. [1902. 1. 21, 1-4; 1902. 1. 24,
1-3 ; 1902. 1. 27, 1-2; 1902. 3. 27, 3-16.]

52 birds from Clandeboye, Ireland, and Chislehurst. Presented.
[1905. 6. 5, 1-52.]

8 birds from South Wales. Presented. [1905. 7. 19, 1-8.]

Mr. Ogilvie-Grant has been my colleague in the British Museum since
June 1882, and has worked with great enthusiasm. He has procured 27
of the nesting-groups of British Birds, many taken by himself, others in
company with Capt. Savile Reid and Mr. G. A. St. Quintin. He has also
made expeditions to Madeira and the neighbouring isdands (with the Hon.
Cecil Barins)* Canaries, Salvage Islands, Azores, S. Arabia, and Sokotra
(with Dr. H. 0. Forbes), adding, in every instance, valuable series of
specimens to the collections. He is a great authority on the game-birds,
and described the Order Galliformes in vol. xxiL of the ' Catalogue of
Birds.' He has also written a hurge portion of vols. xviL and xxvi. of the
* Catalogue.'

Among the nesting-groups of British Birds, the Moseam owes the
following to Mr. Ogilvie-Grant: — ^Rook, Jackdaw, Hooded Crow, Treo-
Pipit, Robin, Chiffchaff, Swallow, House-Martin, Partridge, Black Grouse,
Capercaillie, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Rock Dove, Stock Dove, Red-
throated Diver, Com-Crake, Dottrel!, Herring Gull, Sandwich Tern,
Roseate Tern, Heron, Sheld-Duck, Peregrine Falcon, Buzzard, Golden
Eagle.

Oloese (M.).

See BouoABD, A.

Olcese was the successor of the celebrated naturalist Favier, in
Tangier. He made considerable collections in the neighbourhood of
that town, and the Museum has secured some interesting specimens
through Mr. Boucard.

Oldham {Professor Thomas).

35 birds from India. Presented. [56. 6. 10, 1-35.]

Cf. Diet Nat. Biogr., xlii., p. Ill, for Prof. Oldham's interesting

career.

Oliver {Lieut. Gebald).

11 eggs of birds from Troughton Island, N.W. Australia. Presented.
90. 12. 25, 1-ll.T

Birds. 437

Olph-Galliard (M. Victor Aim^ L£on).

5 birds from S. France. Presented. [76. 7. 27, 1-5.]
I met M. Olph-Oalliard in Paris, and arranged an exchange of British
for French birds with him. He died soon after, before he had obtained
any series beyond a few Long- tailed Tits. He was a very sound ornitho-
logist, and wrote one of the few existing books on the French Avifauna,
"Contributions k la Faune Omithologique de TEurope occidentale"
(Bayonne, 8vo, 1884-1892). He was also the describer of Moussier's
Kedstart (BtUicUla mousnert) in 1846, and wrote in 1891 a '* Catalogue
des Oiseaux des environs de Lyon " (</. Ibis, 1893, p. 478).

Osmaston (B. B.).

85 birds* nests and eggs from Darjeeling. Presented. [1904. 12. 7,
1-85.]

Otago Museum^ New Zealand.

42 birds from Antipodes Island, the Chatham and Auckland Groups,
Eermadec Islands, and Snares Iskuids. Received in exchange. [97. 12. 6,
1-42.]

Owston (Alan).

A specimen of Oceanodroma tristrami. Purchased. [1900. 2. 5, 1.]

Packman (J. C. D.).

139 birds from Tenasserim. Presented. [44. 3. 25, 1-139.]

This was probably the first collection of Tenasserim birds ever made,

but it was so badly preserved that roost of the specimens have perished,

or have been given away, since the acquisition of Mr. Hume's splendid

series of birds from this part of the British Empire.

Page {CkipL Juan).

178 birds from the Pilcomayo River. Presented. [95. 9. 8, 1-178.]
An expedition for the exploration of the Gran Cbaco and the Pilco-
mayo River was started in 1890 under the leadership of Capt. Page of the
Argentine Navy, who died at Fortin Page. Dr. Graham Kerr was the
naturalist to the expedition, which suffered great hardships, and the col-
lection of birds was only saved with much difficulty. He has written an
interesting paper on the ** Avifauna of the Lower Pilcomayo " in the '* Ibis "
for 1892 ^p. 120-152, pi. iii.). Two new species of Woodpecker, Celeua
kerri and Picumnus pilcomayeruiSf were described by Mr. Edward Hargitt
(Ibis, 1891, pp. 605, 606).

Palmer (A. J. V.).

84 specimens from Bushire. Presented. [86. 7. 1, 1-59 ; 86. 7. 6,
1-25.]

This interesting collection was described by me in the " Ibis *' for 1886
(pp. 493-499).

Paris. Musee d'Hlstoire Naturelle.

8 birds from the Comoro Islands. Presented. [88. 4. 8, 1-8.]

The duplicates from the collection made by M. Humblot were

presented to the British Museum by Prof. Alphonse Milne-Edwards,

by whom, and his successor Prof. Oustalet, the most friendly feeling has

always been exhibited for the British Museum. Four species were

438 Zoology.

new to the national collection, Turdus comorensxs^ Bumhlotia flavirostru,
Cinnyris hunihloti, and Terpsiphone comorensis, described by Milne-
Edwards and Oustalet in the '* Gomptes Kendus," d., 1885.

Parker {Prof, T. Jeffrey).

4 specimens of Kiwis, Apteryx atistrcUis, A. mantelli, A. oweni.
Presented. [96. 3. 13, 1-4.]

Parry-Evans {Rev. J. D. S.).

12 eggs from the Transvaal. Presented. [1904. 2. 3 , 1-12.]

Parzndaki (M. :^ile).

33 sterna of birds from Algeria. Purchased. [51. 8. 25, 32-64.]

69 birds and eggs from various localities. Purchased. [51. 9. 11,
6-8; 52. 3. 8, 1-20; 52. 5. 27, 1-18; 53. 6. 23, 1-28.]

Many of the specimens are from South America; but a number of
birds from different parts of Europe were also purchased.

36 birds and eggs, mostly from South America. [53. 9. 28, 1-25 ;
53. 12. 6, 34-44.]

One of the types of Ortalis wagleri. Gray, was included in this series,
and Acroptornis orthonyx^ Lafr., and Fsaltripcirus minimus were added
to the Museum collection.

145 birds and eggs from various localities. [64. 6. 24, 1-14 ; 54. 6.
28,1-3; 58.6.2,1-128.]

Included the type of Turturoma malherbei,

A specimen of BaUeniceps rex. Purchased. [58. 11. 20, 34.]

The Whale-headed Stork was described by Gould in 1851 from a
specimen brought from the Upper White Nile by Mansfield. The bird
purchased from Parzudaki was the first one obtained by the British
Museum, and the present resting-place of the type-specimen is, I believe,
unknown. There is no information as to the origin of the Parzudaki
specimen.

223 specimens of Parrots from various localities, several being from the
Massena collection. Purchased. [59. 11. 22, 1-88; 60. 11. 7, 1-5;
60. 11. 8, 1-130.]

Types of Conurus chlaropterus, Souancd; C. ru^roZafra^tin, Massena
and Souancd ; Conurus astee, Souancd ; Fyrrhura JusmatotiSy Souaacd ;
Chrysotis chloronotay Souancd; P. moUnm, Massena and Souancd;
Chrysostis coccinei/rons, Souanc^ (=C viridigena, Cass.; cf. Salvad.,
Cat., xz., p. 297); Loriculus apiccUiSf Souaucd; L, regulus, Souancd;
Fsittaada cyanopygia, Souancd ; P. cJirysogaster, Parzud. {ncm. nudum)
( = P. passerina, L. ; c/. Salvad., Cat. JB., xx., p. 245) ; Onathositta
ieterotis, Massena and Souancd ; Fionus seniloides, Massena and Souanc^

The following species were new to the collection : Conurus petzi
(Leibl.)= C. canwularis {cf. Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 201), Anodorhynchus
glaucus (V.), Cyanopsittacus spixi (W&gl.), Fmocephalus fuscicoUts^
Neophema splendidm, Cyanorhamphus erythrotisy Loriculus stigmatus,
FdlMomis eques, Lorius lory, L. garrulus.

Payne (W. A.).

8 eggs from the Transvaal. [1902. 11. 18, 1-8.]

Pearce (W.)

Sent many birds from the neighbourhood of Constantinople, and was
apparently a pupil of Mr. T. Robeon's, as he prepared his specimens in the
same way. He afterwards collected in Cyprus for Lord Luford.

Birds. 439

Pearson (Henry J.).

13 specimens from Waigats, Novaya Zemlya, etc. Presented. [98. 8. 2,
1-13.]

included skins, spirit-specimens and nestlings of several rare Arctic
species, Limonites mintUa, Anthus ceruinus^ etc.

18 eggs of the Little Stint {Limonites minuta) from Waigats Island,
and Dolgoi Island, N. Russia. Presented. [1900. 11. 10, 1-18] (c/. Oates,
Cat. Eggs Brit. Mus., iii., p. 63, 1902).

3 specimens of Totanus fusctis, imni. from Russian Lapland. Pre-
sented. [1904.5.12,1-3.]

Mr. Henry Pearson was born in 1850 at Chilwell, Notts (the
adjoining yillage to Beestou, where John Wolley resided, when in
England). He was prevented until 1891 from devoting much time to
ornithology, by the more urgent pressure of business. In that year he
and his brother, Charles Pearson, went to Norway ; and, having chartered
a small steamer, explored many of the Lofoden Islands, from Ando
in the north to Host, the most southern one. In 1892 he spent some
time during the nesting-season on the Bovrefjeld and the district round
the Nordfjord ; and again visited these parts in 1902. An interesting
excursion, on which Messr(>. Edward Bidwell and Charles Pearson accom-
panied him, was made to the Lofoden Iblands, Porsanger Fjord and other
parts of Northern Norway in 1893, and recorded in the *Ibis' for April

1894. The following year was devote<l to an exploration of the Southern
Fiskevdtra of Iceland; the results were published in the ' Ibis' for April

1895. In 1895 a more extended voyage was attempted, viz., to Novaya
Zemlya. Mr. Pearson was accompanied by Colonel H. W. Feilden, the
Rev. H. H. iSiater and Mr. C. Pearson ; but the unsuitability of the yacht
chartered for the expedition prevcntetl his plans from being carried out
in full. A short excursion was made to the north of Norway in 1896,
when Mr. Pearson ascertained that most of the red gulls* eggs so prized
by collectors were laid by Larus argentatus. Warned by the failure of
1895, a larger vessel was chartered in 1897 and a more successful voyage
was made to Novaya Zemlya, his companions being Colonel Feilden and
Dr. Frederick Curtis. The results obtained in 1895 and 1897 were
published in ''Beyond Petsora Eastward," a book which has valuable
appendices by Colonel Feilden on the botany and geology of the countries
visited. Mr. Pearson's visit to Russian Lapland, with Mr. C. Pearson, in
1899, was recorded in the ' Ibis ' for October of that year. In 1901 he
again went to that country and made a short stay on the Eanin Peninsula
on the opposite side of the White Sea ; while 1903 was spent in the interior
to the south of Kola, the old capital of Russian Lapland. Mr. Pearson's
last book, *' Three Summers among the Birds of Russian Lapland," contains
a detailed account of these expeditions.

Pease (Sir Alfred E.).

386 birds from JSomali Land and Southern Abyssinia. Presented.
[1902. 1. 20, 1-386.]

14 birds from the Transvaal. Presented. [1905. 8. 13, 1-14.1

This collection represents the result of Mr. Pease's expedition to
Abyssinia. Besides many rare and interesting species new to the Museum
collection, were further added the types of three new species, Cisticola
lavenduUs, Upupa intermedia^ and Frodotiscus peasei. The collection
was described by Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant and Mr. R. J. Reid in the
* Ibis ' for 1901 (pp. 607-699, pi. xiii.), where some good field-notes by
Sir Alfred Pease will be found.

440 Zoology.

Peek {Sir Henry), Bart.

60 specimens of birds and eggs from Labrador. Presented. [98. 4.
16, 1-60.]

Sir Henry Peek was a collector of British Birds, and having received
an offer of this collection from Labrador, purchased it at my request, and
presented it to the British Museum. At his country seat at Rousdon, in
Devonshire, is a collection of mounted birds, perhaps the most complete
representation of the species in the " British List *^ in the Kingdom.

Peel (Alan).

39 birds from Uruguay. Purchased. [73. 6. 28, 2-10 ; 76. 3. 18, 1-30.]
108 birds from Buenos Aires. Purchased. [78. 1. 25, 1-108.]

Mr. Alan Peel was a personal friend of Br. Giintber's, and his
collections were of considerable value to the British Museum.

Peel (C. V. A.).

19 birds from Somali Land. Presented. [98. 4. 13, 1-19.]
From Mr. Peel the Museum received its first specimen of the rare
Somali Bustard, Heteroteirax humtlis. He has written a book, *' Somali-
land, being an account of two expeditions into the far interior, with a
complete lut of ever^ Animal and Bird known to inhabit that coimtry,
and a list of Reptiles collected by the author" (London, 1900, 8vo,
pp. xviii., 340), Appendix (Birds), pp. 305-333.

Penard {Mesm-a. F. P. and A. P.).

43 birds from Paramaribo, Surinam. Presented. [1902. 10. 31, 1-43.]
241 eggs from Surinam. Presented. [1904. 11. 22, 1-241.]

Penguin {Voyage H.M.8.).

Cf. Smith, Dr. F. W. Bassett (p. 487).

Penrose {Dr. Frank).

40 skins of Sea-birds from Ascension Island. Presented. [99. 1. 4.
1-40.]

Penton {Surgeon-Major)^ B.N.

54 birds from Suakin. Presented. [93. 9. 20, 1-54.]

10 birds from Wady Haifa. Presented. [95. 7. 15, 6-15.]

The last collection contained two specimens of the African Wood-Ibis

(Fseudotantdlw tbis).

Peroival (A. Blaynby).

71 birds and eggs from the Ruo and Shir^ Rivers, Zambesia. Pur-
chased. [99. 6. 8, 1 ; 1900. 2. 27, 1-33 ; 1900. 3. 21, 1-37.]

This collection was described by Mr. Perdval in the ' Ibis ' for 1902
pp. 581-599). It contained several rare species, such as Andersson'a
?em {Machxr?uimphu8 anderssonif Dissodectes dickinsoni, etc.), besides
the type of a new Rough-winged Swallow, FscUidoprocne percivali^ Grant
( = P. orientalis^ Reichenow ; cf. Reichenow, Vog. Africas, ii., p. 428, 1902).

260 birds and nests from Mombasa, Melindi, etc.. Lake Naiwasha,
Kikuyu, and other districts in British East Africa. Presented. [1903. 8. 1»
1-191 ; 1903. 9. 2, 1-69.]

Mr. Percival was the first to procure Macharhamphw anderuoni in
British East Africa, and he also discovered a new species of Oriole
(Oriolus percivalt) named after him by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant.

Birds. 441

Peroiyal (A. Blaynet) and Dodson (W.).

251 specimens from South Arabia. Purchased. [1900. 8. 5, 1-243 ;
1901. 11. 8, 1-8.]

3 birds from Southern Arabia, including the type of Rhyncostruthus
percivali. Presented. [1901. 12. 16, 1-3.]

The collection made by the Percival-Dodson expedition was of very
great interest, and contained the types of three new species, Telephonus
percewUif Ammomanes saturatusy and (Edicnemus dodsoni (cf. Grant,
J^ov. Zool., vii., pp. 243-273, 591, p. x., 1900).

Perkins (R. C. L.).

See Royal Society and British Association.

Persian Boundary Commission.

See BLAnroRD, W. T.

Perks (Dr. R. H.).

197 birds from South Australia. Purchased. [98. 5. 17, 1-197.]

Perth (W. A.).

See West Australian Museum.

Petherick (Conmd J.).

10 specimens from Khartum. Purchased. [62. 6. 21, 5-14.]

A specimen of BcUxniceps rex from the Upper White Nile. Purchased.

[63. 12. 17, 1.]

Consul Petherick was Resident at Khartum for some years, and

created quite a sensation in En<;land by sending living specimens of the

BcUmniceps to the Zoological Gardens.

Petit (Louis).

56 birds from Landana, Lower CJongo. Purchased. [89. 3. 26, 1-59.]
M. Petit pere was a dealer in Paris, and his son Louis collected first
in Senegambia and afterwards on the Lower Congo with Dr. Lucan.
Their collections were sent to M. A. Bouvier, who asked me to write an
account of them [" fitudes d'Omithologie Africaine, par R. Bowdler Sharpe
et A. Bouvier. Catalogue d'une Collection recueillie ^ Landana et Chiu-
chonxo (Congo) par M. Louis Petit, pendant les mois de Janvier, f^vrier,
mars et avril, 1876," Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, pp. 36-53, 301-314,

SL ii. ; 1877, pp. 470-481 ; 1878, pp. 73-80]. Fsalidoprocne petit* was
escribed as new and figured in the first paper, and the second paper,
appearing in the same volume of the '* Bulletin" (pp. 300-314), was
entitled "Sur les Collections rccueillies dans la Region du Congo par
MM. le Dr. A. Lucan et L. Petit depuis le mois de mai jusqiren
septembre." Bradypterus ru/escens was described as new (p. 307) and
Xigrita lucani (= N. luteifrona, ? ).

The Congo collections were brought over to London by M. Bouvier
and named by me, on the understanding that the British Museum should
be allowed to purchase all specimens required. Unfortunately M. Bouvier
did not keep to bis part of the bargain, and on returning to Paris he pub-
lished my descriptions of some of the new species under his own name
(Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, pp. 228, 229).

442 Zoology.

This publication was a matter of small concern to me, but he failed
to send back all the types, as he had promised, and consequently I do not
know to this day what became of the original specimens of CisUociia
landanXf etc.

Petrie {Professor W. M. Flindebs).

Bones of a Crane from Egypt. Presented.

Professor Flinders Petrie has also collected a large series of mummies
of Mammals and Birds in Egypt.

Philbrick (His Honour Judge F. A.), K.C.

109 eggs from Gippehind. Presented. [93. 2. 2, 1-109.]
These eggs were collected by Judge rhilbrick's son, and were a
valaable addition to onr Museum.
Cf. " Who's Who," 1904, p. 1207.

PhiUips (E. Lort).

6 specimens of birds from Somali Land. Presented. [89. 3. 20, 1-6.]

Included a specimen of Saxicola phiUipsi, new to the collection.

79 birds from Somallland. Purchased. [95. 7. 12, 1-79.]

Thirteen species were new to the collection, and the following 9 types of
new species: Trachyphonus shelleyi^ Upupa aomaliensisy Coracuu lorHf
Dryoscopus ruficeps, Td^honus jamesi, Argya aylmeriy Parus thruppi,
Saxicola phillipsi, Spree shelleyi.

Most of these species were described by Captain Shelley in his paper
" On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-Land," 'Ibis,
1885, pp. 389-418, pis. x.-xii.

2o7 birds and eggs from Somaliland. Purchased. [98. 7. 27,
1-257.]

Included many rare birds, and types of the following new species:
Corvus edithse, Poliospiza pUlidior, Rhyncostruthus loutsm, Pseudcucemon
freemantleif Merula ludovicim, Tricholmma blandt, Francdinus lorti.
The eggs of the new Ouzel (M, ludovicim) were also in the collection.

20 birds in spirits, from Somali Land, [1900. 10. 5, 1-20.]

Mr. Lort Plullips was one of the earlier explorers in Somali Land,
having accompanied the late Mr. F. L. James in nis celebrated expedition
(see James, '* Horn of Africa.") The party consisted of Messrs. James
Aylmer, Thrupp, and E. Lort Phillips (Cf. *' A Journey through the
Somali Country to the Webbe Shebeyli," P. R. Geogr. Soc., 1885,
pp. 625-646), and the names of all of these explorers were associated by
(Captain Shelley with the new species obtained on the expedition.
Mr. Lort Phillipo has since made three visits to Somali Land, the results
of which have been published by himself in the *Ibis' (1896, pp. 62-87,
pi. ii.; 1897, pp. 448-449; 1898, pp. 382-425, pis. viii.-x.; 1899,
pp. 303-5 ; 1900, p. 369).

A hybrid Pintail and Wigeon from Loch Swilley, Donegal. Presented.
[1905. L 11, 1.]

Pickard-Cambridge (F. O.) and Austen (E.).

20 specimens from the River Amazon. Presented. [96. 5. 12, 1-20.]

Pierre (A.).

308 birds from Cochin China. Presented. [78. 6. 19, 1-308].

Birds. 443

Mong. A. Pierre, who was a high Goyemment official in the French
colony in Cochin China, presented a large collection of birds to the
Paris Museum. The duplicates he very generously gave to the British
Museum, where they have proved of great service. Among them were
such rare species as Folyplectrum germaini, and Porphyrio edwardsiy
previously unrepresented in the British Museum.

Pike (A.).

29 birds from Eastern Turkestan. Presented. [98. 7. 23, 1-29.]

Pike (H. J.), and Pike (T. M.) and Popham (H. L.).

69 specimens of G^ese, Ducks and Wading Birds from Walcheren,
Holland. [95. 2. 6, 1-14; 96. 2. 20, 1-12; 97. 2. 24, 1-21; 1900. 1.
16, 1-5 ; 1902. 12. 14, 1-4 ; 1902. 12. 27, 1-4 ; 1903. 1. 16, 1-7.]

The Museum is exceedingly indebted to the above-named gentlemen
for a fine series of European Anseres, of which we previously possessed but
a scanty collection.

Pinwill {Oapiain Staokhouse).

1632 specimens from the N.W. Himalayas, the Indian Peninsula,
and Malacca. Presented. [76. 1. 15, 1-26 ; 76. 2. 12, 1-980 ; 76. 2. 28,
1-54 ; 76. 3. 7, 1-137 ; 76. 10. 20, 1-75 ; 81. 7. 30, 1-260.]

The Museum is under a debt of gratitude to Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill,
who gave a fine collection of Indian birds for the furtherance of the
" Catalogue of Birds," at a time when the series of specimens in the
Museum, before the presentation of the great Hume Collection, was poor
indeed. The first specimen of the rare Bat-hunting Pern {Machmrhamphtis
alcinus) we owe to Capt. Pinwill, as also the types of Pomaiarhinus pinwilli,
in addition to many other rare species of Indian birds, such as Acanthoptila
nipaJeruis, from the North- West frontier of Nepal, and others.

" Plumper," H.M.S.

See Ltall, Dr.

Ponta Delgada Museum, Azores {Major Chaves, Director).

43 birds from the Azores. Presented. [1904. 6. 21, 1-3 ; 1905. 1. 26,
1-39; 1905.6.6,1.]

Popham (H. Letbourne).
See Pike, T. M.

Pratt (A. E.).

See Leach ; Oldfield Thomas ; Seebohm.
Mr. Pratt is chiefly known as an entomologist, but he has collected
many interesting species of birds and their eggs. In the ** Catalogue of
Eggs " are recorded those of rare Thibetan species, mostly fromTa-tsien-lu,
obtained by Mr. Pratt, and bequeathed to the Trustees by the late
Mr. Henry Seebohm.

Pretyman {Capt E. J.).

A Grey Phalarope (Crynwphilm fulicarius) from Ipswich. [1900.
9. 3, 1.]

Cf. " Who's Who," 1904, p. 1238.

444 Zoology.

Pretyznan (W.).

8 birds from the Lawas River, N.W. Borneo. [83. 10. 1, 1-8.]
Specimens of LobiopJuuis bulweri and the Bornean Peregrine Falcon

(Falco emesti) were included in this donation.

Prichard (Hesketh).

15 birds from Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Presented. [1903. 4. 6, 1-13.

Princeton University^ New Jersey^ U.S.A.

975 nests and eggs of North American birds. Keceived in exchange.
[1900. 6. 25, 1-568; 1903. 1. 30, 1-407.]

A most valuable collection, chiefly made by Mr. W. E. D. Scott [^.v.].

Pryer (Harry).

See Seebohm, H.
Mr. Pryer spent some years in Japan, and also visited the Bonin and
Lin Eiu groups of islands. His collection was afterwards purchased by
Mr. Henry Seebohm, and formed the basis of the latter's work, *' Birda
of the Japanese Empire" froy. 8vo, LondoD, 1890, pp. i.-xxiv., 386),
Amongst other interesting discoveries made by Pryer was a new speclea
of Megalurus from the neighbourhood of Yokohama, which Seeoohm
named Megalwrw pryeri (* Ibis,' 1884, p. 40).

Pryer (W. B.).

See Janbon, E. W.
Brother of the above. A collection made by him in the province of
Sandakan in N. E. Borneo was described by me in the ** Proceedings " of
the Zoological Society for 1881, pp. 790-800.

Pnrdie (J.).

See Kkw, Director of Royal Botanic Oardens.

Queensland Museum (C. W. De Vis, Director),

2 rare birds (Macgregoria ptdchra and Daphmtotitta miranda) from
British New Guinea. Presented. [97. 8. 16, 1 ; 98. 10. 10, 3.]

Queloh (J. J.).

See McCoNNELL, F. V.
Mr. Quelch was for some time an assistant in the Zoological Depart-
ment of the Museum, and afterwards Director of the Museum at Greorge
Town, Demerara. He has made some excellent collections in British
Guiana, and done much to increase our knowledge of the Avi&una. He
accompanied Mr. McConnell on his celebrated expedition to Roraimo.

RadoUffe {OapL G. C).

28 birds from Alaska. Presented. [1904. 9. 12, 1-28.]

Radoliffe.

See Col. Delm^-Badcliffe.

Rae {Dr. John).

139 birds and eggs from Hudson's Bay Territory, chiefly from Repulse
Bay. Presented. [48. 3. 13, 26-137; 48. 4. 14, 1-23; 63. 1. 6, 100^
104.]

For Dr. Rae's record as a traveller and collector ^. Diet. Nat^ Biogr.,
xlvii., p. 151.

Birds. 445

Raznage (G. A.).

See Royal Society.

Ramsay {Dr. E. P.).

A skin and skull of the Tooth-billed Bower-bird {Scenopaus denti-
rastris), new to the collection. Presented. [83. 11. 16, 1, 2.]

19 specimens from the Solomon Islands. Presented. [95. 12. 24,
1-19.]

In exchange for specimens from the British Museum, Dr. Ramsay
presented several rare birds from the Solomon Islands, amongst them the
types (or co-types) of Bhipidura rubro/rontata, PachycepJuila collaris and
Aplonis feadensis.

While Director of the Australian Museum at Sydney, Dr. Ramsay
raised the status of that Museum to the first rank among the natural
history institutions in the Southern Hemisphere. He assisted me always,
but especially when I was writing my first book, the " Monograph of the
Kingfishers," when I exchanged my collection of British birds* eggs with
him for specimens of Australian Kingfishers, which were of great service
to me at the time.

Ramsay {Colonel R. G. Wardlaw).

103 birds from Sumatra (C Bock), E^aren Hills, Burma, and other
parts of the Indian Empire. Presented. [80. 4. 21, 1-12 ; 80. 10. 19,
1-54 ; 81. 7. 29, 1-17; 83. 2. 6, 1-13: 83. 11. 6, 1-7.]

These were duplicates from bis collection, and among them were a
number of species unrepresented in the British Museum. Colonel Wardlaw
Ramsay presented many rare specimens of birds which were much wanted
for description in the '' Catalogue of Birds," and he lent me specimens on
all occasions.

20,186 specimens of Asiatic Birds. The Tweeddale Collection.

On the death of his uncle, the 9th Marquess of Tweeddale, he received,
as a bequest, the magnificent collection of Asiatic birds formed by the
Marquess, together with the unique Tweeddale library of scientific books.
In the year 1887, Colonel Wardlaw Ramsay presented the whole of this
great collection and library to the nation.

806 Accipitres [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [87. 11. 1, 1-806.]

Contained types of SpUomis pcdlidus and Poliohierax tnsignis.
8p%z€Letus phUippensis new to the collection.

350 Striees [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [87. 11. 11, 1-350.]

Types of Scops everetti, Ninox spilocephala, K odiosa, and Pseudoptynx
gumeyi.

1355 CorvidtBy Dicruridm, Oriolidm, etc. [Tweeddale collection]. Pre-
sented. [87. 11. 20, 1-1355.]

Types of Corone pmilla, Manucodia comrii, Oriolus celebenBis, 0.
paiawanenHs, 0, assimilis, 0. consobrinus, 0. consanguineus, Dicrurus
mirahUiSy Chibia palawanensUy C, ImmosHcta, C, sunairana, Buchcmga
chapmanif B. motAoii, B. vKdlacei,

207 Ewrylmmidm and Pittidm [Tweeddale collection], including the
type of Hydromis soror. Presented. [87. 12. 1, 1-207.]

1404 Campophagidm and Muscicapidm [Tweeddale collection]. Pre-
sented. [87. 12. 30, 1-1404.]

Types of Edoliisoma alteruma, E. mindanense, Terpsiphone nicobarioa,
Cyanomyias ccelesiis, Abrornis chrysasa, Piezorhynchus verticcdis, Stoparola
sordida^ Siphia herioti, Niltara cucopraeta, Myiagra tannensis, and Oery-
gone nmplac.

446 Zoology.

971 Twrdidm and Sylviidm [Tweeddale coUectioD]. Fiesented. [88.
2. 20, 1-971.]

Tjrpes of Qeocicfda layardi^ O. andamanenns, and MertUa maxima.
Menda tempesti new to the collection.

877 Pycnonotidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 4. 1,
1-877.]

Types of ChJoropsis chlorocephaluSy Hemixua brunneicepSf H, suma-
tranuSf lole everetti, Griniger patatvanensis, C. sum€UranuSt C. aureuty
Ixus annedenSf and Fycnonotus cinerei/i'ons. Chlaropsis lazulina was
new to the collection.

1290 Timdiidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 4. 20,
1-1290.]

'i ypes of Myiophoneus castanetiSy Copsyehua niger, Lioptila acUurata^
Cittocinda stricklandi, Suya erythropltwra^ Prtnia inornata^ P. raffleBt,
Orihotomus nigricepSy Gisticola rufiaipilla, C. grayi^ C. albigtdaris, C,
heavaniy Laticilla cinerascens, Fojnatorhinw ochraceiceps, P. marisB,
Garrtdax leucogaster, Actinodura ramsayi, Timelia jeraoniy Turdimis
marmoratuSy T, ruji/ransy Drymocataphus fulvuBy D. rubiginomsy Doty-
erotopha speciosay Afixomis bornensis, Anuropsis cinereioepsy CarythociMa
striatOy Stachyridapais asHmilis, Alcippe magnirostrisy and Brachypteryx
buxtoni.

The following species were not previously represented in the col-
lection : Myiophoneus mdanurusy RhopophUus pektneMiSy Orthotomtu
cinereicepsy Cisticola marginalisy Megalurus aniboynensiSy Bahax lanceo-
kttWy TrachcUopterum austeniy T, /ormosum, lanthocinda maximay J,
cuiemmmy I. lunvlatay Mixomia capitalis, CorythodMa brevtcaudaiuSy
Berpomia tyrannvluSy and Metia laurinm,

769 specimens of Laniidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 5.
30, 1-769.]

Types of Ilyloterpe philippinensisy H. aulphureiventery 8%tta magna,
and 8. neglecta.

The following species were new to the collection : Farus semilarvatusy
Fachycephala jacquinoit, aod Dendrophila mnoehlamya,

873 Nectariniidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 7. 1,
1-873.]

The types of the following species were included : ^thopyga sanguinei-
pectuSy Cinnyris osirUy C, auroray Arachnothera flammi/ery Anthothreptes
griseigularisy Myzomela chloropteray Zosterops everettiy Z. auateniy and Z.
nigrwtim,

jEthopyga bella, Eudrepanis pulcherrimay E. duyvenbodiy Cinnyris
aanghirensiSy Hermotimia cordeHwy Arachnothera dUutioTy Myzomda
splendiday Zosterops vatensis, and Z. cinerea were species not previously
represented in the national collection.

861 Dicteidm and MotacUlidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented.
[88. 7. 12, 1-861.]

Types of Dicmum eximium, D. xanthopygiumy D. everettiy D.
modestumy FrionochUus quadricolory P. divaceus and Antkus lugubris.

Dicmum sanghirense and D, dorsale were new to the collection.

140 Tanagridm and 591 FringUlidm (Tweeddale collection). Pre-
sented. [88. 9. 1, 1-140; 89. 9. 12, 1-591.]

Type of Fasser assimUis. Emheriza chrysophrys was new to the
collection.

1221 Sturnidxy Eulahetidasy Floceida, and Alaudidm [Tweeddale
collection]. Presented. [88. 9. 20, 1-1221.]

Types of Eulabes andamanensisy Calomis erassirostriSy Artamns

Birds. 447

intignis, Munia brunneiceps, M, fumigata, Oxycerca everetti, Mira/ra
philippenaiSf and Almmon jesseL

Ine following species were new to the collection : Artamxin pelewensis,
Hyphantomis t«n\optera^ and Uroloncha jagori.

131 Tyrannidm and Dendrocolaptidm [TwecJdale collection]. Pre-
sented. [88. 9. 22, 1-84 ; 88. 9. 25, 1-47.]

196 CypselidsB [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 10. 1, 1-196].

Contained the type of Chmtura piciria.

604 Cctfrimulgidm^ Vpupidm, and Coraciidfc, Presented. [88. 10.
3, 1-260; 88. 10. 6, 1-47 ; 88. 10. 12, 1-297.]

792 Alcedinidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 10. 20,
1-792.]

Types of Alcedo rvfigaster, Pdargopsis mcUacceusts, P, burmanica,
P. florttiana, P, gigantea, Ceyx dillwynni, C, argentata and Tanynptera
nigrieeps.

Included in the ahove series is the whole of my private collection of
Kingfishers, on which my ** Monograph of the Alcedinidm " was founded.
This collection was purchased by the Marquess of IVeeddale on the
completion of my book.

225 Bucerotidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 10. 30,
1-226.]

Types of Hydrocorax semigcileatus and Penelopides affinis,

1101 Picidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 11. 1. 1-1101.]

Types of Oecinus erythropygtus, MuUeripicus fuliginosus, lyngipicus
ramsayi, I. ftdvi/asciatus, Tiga everetti, VhryBocolaptes rufopunUcUits,
C. TXLnthocepkcHuSy and Thriponax pectoralU.

122 Mtutophagidm, Trogonidm, and Oalhulidm [Tweeddale collection].
Presented. f88. 11. 9, 1-5 ; 88. 11. 12, 1-108 ; 88. 11. 20, 1-9.]

426 CapUonidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 11. 25,
1-426.]

Types of Megcdmma ramsayi, M, sykesi, and M. inomata,

845 CuculidsB [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [88. 12. 10,
1-845.]

Types of Hierococcyx hocki, II, crassirostris, and Chrysococcyx
limborgi,

671 Psittaddm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [89. 1. 20,
1-671.]

Types of Trichoglossus meyeri, Loriculus meyeri, L. tener, and
Tanygnathus everetti.

The following species were new to the collection : Aprosmicttia
tabuensis, A, buensia. A, taviunensisj Trichoglossus aureicinctuSy T,
joBephina, T. muschenbrceki, T. rubiginosus, Oeoffroyius mysolensis, and
M, jobiensis,

1005 Cdumbidm [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [89. 2. 10,
1-1005.]

Types of Carpophaga griseicapUla, C, pulchella^ lanthoenaa griseigu-
laris, Macropygia broioniy Leucotreron incognita^ Phlogoenas erythroptera,
and P. johannm ; and the following species were new to the collection :
Carpophaga geevinkiana, lanthoenas leopoldi, Ptilopus xanthorrhouSf P,
heinsheimi, P. mwchenbroeki, P. gemtnus, P, ricliardsi, Chryacena correiy
Phdbotreron brevirosiriSy and P, nigrorum.

585 GalH/ormes [IVeeddale collection]. Presented. [89. 5. 13,
1-586.]

Types of Tuifiix nigrescens and Megajodim dUlwynni, Peloperdix
rubrirostris was new to the collection.

448 Zoology.

374 Eaili/ormes [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [89. 11. 3,
1-374.]

188 Lari/ormes [Tweeddale collection], including the type of Sterna
tibetana. Presented. [91. 5. 21, 1-188.]

723 Charadrii/ormes [Tweeddale collection]. Presented. [91. 10. 5,
1 723.]

597 Ardei/ormes and Anseri/ormes [Tweeddale collection], containing
the type of Fhotnicopterus i^idus. Presented. [92. 4. 2, 1-597.]

26 specimens from Tillicoultry, N.B. Presented. [92. 11. 36, 1-13 ;
92. 12. 10, 1-13.1

Colonel Wardlaw Ramsay was bom on the 25th oi January, 1852.
Son of K. B. Wardlaw Ramsay, of Whitehill, Midlothian, and Tillicoultry,
Clackmannanshire, and Lady Louisa Hay, daughter of George, 8th Marquess
of Tweeddale. He was educated at Cheam and Harrow, and entered the
army as ensign, by purchase, in the 67th (South Hants) Regiment in
January, 1871.

In 1872 he sailed for India with the regiment, and was transferred to
a company going on duty to the Andaman Islands, just after the assaKsina-
tion of Lord Mayo. The birds of these islands were then but little l^nowu,
and he made a fine collection of them. The arrival of Mr. Davison at the
same time, on behalf of Mr. A. 0. Hume, deprived him of the credit of
many new species which he discovered, as Davison had all his time at his
disposal. Colonel Wardlaw Ramsay records great kindness and assistance
from Greneral (afterwards Sir Donald) Stewart, the Chief Commissioner.
The results of the expedition were published in the Ibis by Lord
Walden. In May, 1873, he joined the headquarters at Rangoon, and in
the following August he made a collecting expedition to Malacca. In
December half of the regiment moved up to Tonghoo (then a frontier
station) by boat, where ne obtained leave to go by road for collecting
purposes.

At Tonghoo, from December, 1873, to May, 1876, he was acting as
Adjutant, but found time for working the coimtry, and many specimens,
previously known from Major Malcolm Lloyd's collections, were sent to
Lord WaJden. In March, 1875, he accompanied the Political Expedition
from Tonghoo to Earennee, under Major Lloyd, who asked him to
accompany the expedition and showed him much kindness. Several
new species were discovered.

In May, 1876, he quitted Burmah for Fort St. Geon^ Madras. Some
collections were made there and in the Nilghiri Hills. £i December, 1879,
he went to Afghanistan, and made a small collection in the early part of
the war.

He heard of the death of the Marquess of Tweeddale in December,
1879, when at Jhelum, and later on he received the news that his uncle's
collections and library had been bequeathed to hioL In 1881 he was
promoted Captain, and exchanged to the 74th Highlanders. In 1882 he
was appointed Adjutant, Midlothian and Peeble^ire Rifle Volunteers.
He retired in 1883, on the death of his father, to take over the care of the
family's estates. Owine to pressure of affairs both public and private, he
had no time for omithobgical work, and therefore determined that others
ahould have the use of his collections and library, with which intent
he presented them to the British Museum.

Ranforly {Earl of).

233 birds from New Zealand and other adjacent islands. Presented.
[1901. 10. 21, 1-67 ; 1901. 11. 10, 1 ; 1902. 2. 21, 1-68 ; 1903. 5. 13, 1-4;
1903. 7. 17. 1-92 ; 1904. 8. 2, 1-11.]

Birds. 449

11 Warblers from New Zealand. Presented. [1904. 8. 2, 1-1 L]
4 specimens of Mergus austrafis. Presented. [1904. 8. 4, 1-4.]
41 birds from the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand, and Auckland
Islands. Presented. [1905. 2. 2, 1-il.]

When Grovemor of New Zealand, the Earl of Ranfurly sent to the
Museum several collections of birds, among them being a new species of
(/ormorant {Phdlacrocorax ran/urJyi, Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. H.O.C., xi.»
p. Or», 1901), from Bounty Island, and nire 8i)ecies, such as Chaniempis
dijiiidiata and PtUojnis raratonyeusis from Rarat^mga Island.

'' Rattlesnake," Voyage of H^.S.

Si^ Stanley, Capt. Owen ; MAcaiij.ivRAY, J.

Ray (J.)

147 sterna of British birds. Presented. [46. 4. 7, 1-147.]

I never have been able to find out who Mr. Kay was, but he gave a

ji^ood series of sterna to the Museum, as is shown in Orav's " List of

British Birds," 1863, and in the " Catnlojrue of lairds."

Rayner (T. M.).

46 birds from the Fiji Islands (" Yoy. ILM.S, ITeraliV'). Presented.
[56. 8. 30, 1-46.]

Included the type of Pachycephala mtiensis.

Dr. Kayner was apparently a medical officer on board the Hei^aJd,
when John MacGillivray was naturalist [9. v.]. A subsequent collection
made by Rayner was presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. [59. 1.
10, 1-41.] It contained the type of Aplonis cassini. Gray (i.e. Aplonh
vUiensis, Layard ; Sharne, Cat. B., xiii., p. 131, 1890).

Reed (E. C).

See Gebbabd, £.

Mr. Reed is a well-known Chilian naturalist, who made large
collections in the province of Santiago. A series of his birds is in the
Museum, from the Sclater and Salvin-Godman Collections.

Reeves (John).

127 burds from India and China. [38. 8. 26, 1 ; 38. 10. 29, 1-13,
30-97 ; 46. 6. 13, 1-14 ; 51. 8. 27. 44-74.]

Mr. John Reeves was Inspector of Tea at the Hon. East India
Company's establishment at Canton, and made careful study of the
natural history and resources of China (see B. B. Woodward, Hist. Coll.
" Libraries," p. 46). He gave many interesting specimens to the Museum,
and the magnificent Pheasant, Syrmaticus refvesi, was named after him
by Dr. J. E. Gray.

Cf, Diet. Nat Biogr., xlvii., p. 416.

Reeves (John Russell).

Son of the above, for thirty years in the service of the Hon. East India
Company at Canton (see Woodward, Z.c.).

Cf. also Sir John Richardson, Report Brit. Ass., 1845, p. 187.

TOL. II. 2 O

460 Zoology.

Reichenow (Professor Dr. Anton).

5 Partridges (Ferdix perdix) from Uolstein and Brandenburg.
Presented. [92.12.23,1-5:]

Professor Reichenow has been for some years the Curator of the
Ornithological Collections in the Imperial Museum of Natural History at
Berlin, where he succeeded the celebrated Professor Cabanis. In his
young days he made an expedition to West Africa, visiting the Gold
Coast and Camaroons, and forming most valuable collections of natural
history objects. His interest in African ornithology remains unabated,
and he has now probably written more essays on the Avifauna of the
Ethiopian region than any living man. His life-work is now being
focussed in a most complete manner in the ''YOgel Afrikas," which
he has just finished. A list of his papers and a siunmary of his
ornithological work up to the year 1896 (now largely increased during
the eight years which have since elapsed) was published by his friend
Herman Schalow under the title ^ Anton Reichenow : Ein Verzeichniss
seiner bisherigen Arbeiten, 1869-1896." 288 separate memoirs are
chronicled, with the names of 38 new genera, and 342 new spades
described by Dr. Reichenow.

Reid (C).

14 birds from De Aar, Cape Colony, and Namaqua Land. Presented.
[1904. 6. 20, 1-14.]

A son of Capt 8avile Reid.

Reid (George).

33 birds from Lucknow. Presented. [89. 8. 8, 1-33.]
Mr. Reid was the Honorary Curator of the Lucknow Museum fur
many years, and wrote a catalogue of the collection of birds in that
institution (** Catalogue of the Birds in the Provincial Museum, N. W.P.
and Oudh, Lucknow, on the Ist of April, 1889," Allahabad, 1890, 8vo,
pp. iv., 358). He sent me a fine series of the Starlings from that locality,
when I was writing the thirteenth volume of the *' Catalogue of Birds,**
most of them being Stumus menzbieri,

Reid (Oapi. Savile G.).
See oho Gebbabd, E.

20 specimens from Canada, Bermuda and other localities. Presented.
[82. 12. 20, 1-20.]

Anthus butleri, Shelley (= A. cMorUy Licht.), was new to the
collection.

40 eggs of birds from Bermuda and North America. Presented.
[1903. 2. 18, 1-40.]

Capt. Reid has done some excellent ornithological work, in many
quarters of the globe. Bom in 1845, he was educated at the Royal
Military Academy at Woolwich, and obtained his commission in the
Royal Engineers in 1865. With a great love for the study of all branches
of natural history, but especially of birds, he commenced serious work at
Gibraltar from 1870 to 1874. He was quartered in Bermuda in 1874
and 1875, and made a special study of the birds, and published a series of
notes in the ** Field " in 1875. These notes were afterwards re-printcd
in the "Zoologist" in 1877, and again in Bulletin No. 25 of the U.S.
National Museum, 1884.

During the first Boer War, Capt. Reid was ordered to Natal, where,

Birds. 451

in conjuDctioD with Colonel H. W. Feilden and Colonel E. A. Butler, he
made a good collection of birds and eggs, an account of which, with
excellent field-notes by all three officers, was published in the " Zoologist *'
for 1882.

A visit to Teneriffe in the spring of 1887 residted in the publication
of some notes on the birds of that island (cf, " Ibis," 1887, pp. 424-435 ;
1888, pp. 73-83).

Capt. Savile Reid has also assisted in the preparation of the third and
fourth volumes of the '^ Catalogue of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum,**
since Mr. E. W. Oates, owing to ill-health, was compelled to relinquish
the task.

Reijkavik Museum^ Iceland.

4 young Iceland Falcons. Presented. [1902. 4. 9, 1-2; 1902.
6. 1, 1-2.]

Reiser (Dr. Othmar).

16 birds from Bosnia, rresented. [1902. 8. 10, 1-16.]
Dr. Reiser is the well-known authority on the ornithology of tho
Balkans, and is Director of the Museum at Serajevo in Bosnia. His
'' Omis Bnlcanica " and other kindred essays are the standard authority
on the Avifauna of this portion of Europe. He has also carried out a very
successful expe«Ution to Southern Brazil (cf, " Ibis," 1903, pp. 140, 141).

Kendall (Dr. Percy).

23 birds, nests and eggs, from Bathurst, River Gkimbia. Presented.
[92. 1. 9, 1-23.]

Dr. Rendall has travelled in the Zambesi regioD, where he discovered
a remarkable species of Weaver-Finch, which was named Serinus
rendaUi by Canon Tristram, and afterwards made the type of a new
genus, Anamalospiza^ by Captain Shelley (Bull. B.O.C., xii., p. 30, 1901).

Reynolds (H.).

34 bu-ds from Liberia. Purchased. [1906. 5. 28, 1-34.]
Of, Chubb, P.Z.S., 1905, pp. 205-210.

Ricardo (Miss).

8 birds from Canada. Presented. [1900. 12. 30, 1-8.]

Richards (Lieut.).

See Tbistbam , Canon.

Richardson (Sir John).

13 specimens from Port Essington. Presented. [51. 3. 7, 1-13.]

Foephila personaia and StMoptera anntilosa, two rare species of
Weaver-Finches, were new to the collection.

Was naturalist to Sir John Franklin's Polar Expedition in 1819, and
till 1822 he was engaged in various explorations in Arctic America.

Of. Diet Nat. Biogr., xlviii., p. 236.

Rickard (J. C).

21 specimens from Port Elizabeth, S. Africa. Presented. [87. 1.
23, 1-21.]

Rickard was a correspondent of Layard's, and obtained many in-
teresting species of birds from East London and Port Elizabeth. His
name occurs frequently in my edition of Layard's ''Birds of South

2 G 2

452 Zoology.

Africa," and in 1887 he presented some specimens to the Museum. A
few of his skins are also in my collection of African birds, now in the
Museum.

Bickett (Charles Boughet).

56 birds and 61 eggs from Foochow, China. Presented. [94. 10. 27,
1-56; 94.11.26,1-61.]

In this collection were specimens of the Chinese Falconet {Micro-
hierax mdanoleucus), Anthus in/uKotua and Lanius fuscaiuSf new to
the Museum.

264 birds from Fohkien Province. Presented. [98. 5. 11, 1-19;
98. 8. 12, 1 ; 99. 4. 1, 1-90 ; 99. 6. 3, 1-2 ; 1900. 10. 15, 1-55.]

These collections contained a number of rare and interesting species,
several of which were previously unrepresented in the Museum, vt2.,
JEthopyga latouchei, Altotriua pcUliduSf etc.

1311 specimens from Foochow. Presented. [1900. 1. 18, 1-1106;
1900. 3. 10, 1-18; 1900. 3. 25, 1-99; 1900. 6. 23, 1-69; 1900. 12. 14,
1-19 ; 1901. 4. 9, 1-17.]

In this large donation is represented a complete series of the birds
collected by Mr. Rickett near Foochow, including the types of the new
Trogon (Harpactea yamakanenaia) and ihe new ]B&ed Warbler iLwdniola
melanorhynAa) (cf. Mr. Rickett's papers).

20 nests and 652 eggs from Foochow. Presented. [1901. 1. 10,
1-452 ; 1901. 1. 15, 1-200 ; 1901. 1. 27, 1-20.]

128 birds from Penang. Presented. [1901. 5. 1, l-12a]

450 birds from Foochow. Presented. [1902. 8. 5, 1-450.]

36 birds and 102 eggs from Chinkiang. Presented. [1902. 11. 13,
1-138.]

990 birds from Foochow. Presented. [1903. 7. 3, 1-989; 1904.
6. 2, 1.]

154 eggs from South China. Presented. [1904. 12. 11, 1-154.]

1000 birds from Southern China. Presented. [1905.12.24,1-1000.]

Mr. Rickett, who was bom in 1851, joined the eastern staff of the
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in January, 1871. He
remained on the staff of the Bank till his retirement in April, 1904,
and was stationed at various times in Japan, India, Java, the Straits
Settlements and China.

Being always fond of ornithology from his youth, be first made a
collection of Singapore birds which was destroyed by moth and damp.
He then collected a few skins in Penang, but did not begin serious work
till 1889, when he was ordered to Foochow.

In conjunction with^Mr. F. W. Styan and Mr. J. D. La Touche, Mr.
Rickett has written some excellent memoirs on Chinese ornithology,
as follows : —

BiCKSTT, C. B. — On some Birds collected in the vicinity of Fooehow.

"Ibis," 1894, pp. 215-226.
Notice of fimnrs in his paper on Foochow Birds. Ibis, 1895,

p. 168.

Description of Harpaetesyamakanenns. Ibis, 1899, p. 444.

Additional Notes on the Birds of Fohkien. Ibis, 1900, p. 52.

Description of Scops latouehei. Ibis, 1900, p. 535.

Additional Field Notes on the Birds of Fohkien. Ibis, 1908,

pp. 215-222.
Rickett (C. B.) and La Touche (J. D.).— Additional ObaerratioDB on

the Birds of the Provinoe of Fohkien. Ibis, 1896, p. 489.

Birds. 453

Additional Observations on the Birds of the Prorinoe of Fohkien.

Ibis, 1897, 600-610.
Description of some apparently new Birds flrom China. Ibis,

1897, p. 451.
Gbaht, W. B. O. — Description of new Birds obtained from Fohkien.

Ibis, 1898, D. 297.
Farther Obsenrations on the Birds of the Province of Fohkien,

China. Ibis, 1898, p. 328.
Slater (H. H.).— On a Further Collection of Birds, made by Messrs.

I^a Tonche and Bickett, from N. W. Fohkien. Ibis, 1897, pp. 169-

176, pi. iv.

Rickett (C. B.) and La Touche (J. D.).

144 birds from Fohkien. Presented. [97. 12. 8, 1-47 ; 98. 1. 28,
1-97.]

In this collection were the types of several new species, Oryptolopha
rickeUi, C. stnenMs, Fulvetta guttaticoUiSy Suthora davidianat Cettia
runvHa^ Lepocettes nnensis^ Gecinultu viridanus.

Ridley (H. N.).

See RoTAL Socibty.
Mr. Ridley was for some years an assistant in the Botanical Depart-
ment of this Museum. In 1887 he made an expedition to the island of
Fernando Noronha, where he discovered two new species of birds, Elainea
ridUyana^ Sharpe, and Vireo gmcilirostrisy Sharpe. He is now Director
of the Botanic Gardens in the Straits Settlements.

Ringer (F.).

254 specimens from Nagasaki. Presented. [84. 1. 16, 1-254.]

The above collection consisted of the duplicates which Mr. Seebobm

did not require from Mr. Ringer's series : it added one species, Remissa

consobrinOf to the Museum. The Seebohm Bequest contains a full series

of Nagasaki birds from Mr. Ringer.

Riocoor {(hnUe de).
See BoucARD, A.
The Comte de Riocour possessed one of the most famous private
collections of birds in the world. Yieillot described many types from it»
and some new species, such as the Swallow-tailed Kite of Africa (^atid^srus
riocourt) were named after the old Count. The present Comte de Riocour
was not a naturalist, and the collection was disposed of to Mr. Boucard,
who made the first offer of it to the British Museum. In Mr. Boucard's
company, I made a journey to the Ch&teau de Riocour, near Vitry,
and selected all the Yieillotian types I could find, and the Museum also
obtained a specimen of the extinct starling of Mauritius (Fregilupus
varius). The collection consisted entirely of moimted birds, and occupied
a large room in the ch&teau, being arranged in glass cases, the birds all
being perched on white stands, and the windows rigidly darkened vrith
green Venetian blinds. It is due to the care with which the light had
been excluded that this old collection had remained in such excellent
preservation. Besides the MS. labels of the old Comte de Riocour, I
found from the writing on several of the stands that, in addition to
Yieillot, Prince Bonaparte and Jules Yerreaux must have vlrited the
collection and determined some of the species. In addition to the
FregU^MuSf the collection also contained a fine specimen of the QietLt
Auk (Jrlauttu impennis).

454 Zoology.

Rippon {OoUmel G.).

1058 specimens from the Southern Shan States. Presented.
[96. 12. 28, 3, 4; 97. 1. 4, 1-22 ; 1900. 12. 20, 1-953 ; 1901. 10. 6, 1-48.]

Contained the types of the following now species, Trochalopterum
ripponif Schcenipartu intermeditu^ Drymocataphus cinnamometu. Stocky-
riaopns ndphurea^ Alcippe/rcUercuki^ Ytihina ampdina,

6 specimens from the Kauri-Eachin Hills. Presented. [1901. 7. 8, 1-6.]

Included the types of DryanavUs oaurensis and IVochalopterum
sharpei.

1170 birds from Mount Victoria. Presented. [1905. 9. 10, 1-1170.]

The collection contained the following new species: — Aegithaliscus
sharpeif Lophophanes pcecHopBts, Suthora ripponif Jcmthodnda victorim^
Trochaiopterum holerythrops, Stachyris hinghami^ Ixopa poUotis, SiUa
vidorim, Certhia victorim, Urocichia oatai^ Babax victarim^ ^thopyga
vidarim^ FyrrhtUa victorim.

582 specimens from Western Tun-nan. Presented. [1903. 8. 8,
1-682.1

Includes several nyecies new to the collection, and among them the types
of Suihora styani^ Yuhina ycmsfuensis, Abromis rippani, Certhia yun*
nanensiSf Emberiza yunnanensis, Fropasaer ripponi^ and AnoHhura
talifueMis,

277 birds from the Kauri Kachin district of Burma. Presented.
[1906. 8. 16, 1-277.]

BiFPON (CoUmd G.). — Notes on some birds obtained at Kalaw, in the

Southern Shan States. Ibis, 1896, pp. 357-^62.
On the Birds of the Southern Shan States, Bunna. Ibis, 1901,

pp. 525-561, pL xi.
On new species of Birds from the Southern Shan States. Bull.

Brit Om. Club, xi., pp. 11, 12 (1901).
On new speoies from the Eauri-Kaohin Tract Op, eit., xii., p. 13

(1902).

On new speoies from Yunnan. Op. cU., ziii., pp. 54, 60 (1908>

On a new species of Tit from Western Yunnan. Op, dt., xiv., p. 18.

On new speoies of Birds from the Southern Chin Hills, t-c, p. 83.

•Colonel Rippon has added greatly to our knowledge of the mountain
fauna of Burma and the adjacent countrieSj, and has spent all his spare
time for several years past in explorations in the Shan States, the Chin
Hills, and has even penetrated into Western Yim-nan. In consequence,
our knowledge of the avifauna of these regions has been greatly increased,
and a large number of new species, some of them being of exceptional
beauty and interest, has been added to the collection of the British
Museum, to which Colonel Rippon has been a most generous donor.

Rishton (J. E. W.).

12 specimens of Australian birds. Presented. [69. 11. 16, 1-12.]

Robert (A.).

21 skeletons of birds from SSo Paulo, Brazil Purchased. [1902. 3. 15,
1-21.]

276 birds from Pemambuco. Purchased. [1903. 12. 16, 1-276.]

Roberts (C. C).

30 nests aud eggs from Johannesburg. Presented. [1904. 11. 26,
1^0.]

Birds 455

RobiUard (M.).

7 specimens from the Forest of Ancaya, Madagascar. Purchased.
[83. 6. 3, 1-9.]

The first examples of Mesites variegata and Tylas ftdviventris were
here acquired by the Museum.

Robinson (H. C).

149 specimens from the Bellenden Ker range in Queensland and the
Cape York Peninsula. Presented. [97. 4. 21, 1-7 ; 1900. 4. 26, 1-36 ;
1901. 3. 20, 1-107.]

13 skeletons of birds from the Malay PeninsuUi. Presented.
[1903. 1. 7, 1-13.]

A specimen of Turdintdus humei^ from Salangore. Presented.
[1905. 1. 21, 1.]

3 birds from Pahang, including one type and one species new to the
collection. Presented. [1906. 4. 4, 1-3.J

13 skeletons. Presented. [1903. 1. 7, 1-13.]

498 birds from the mountains of the Malay Peninsula, collected by
himself and Mr. N. Annandale. Presented. [1906. 2. 1, 1-498.]

Mr. Robinson is a young naturalist who made a successful expedition
to Queensland, and, on his return, worked in the Liverpool Museum,
under the Director, Dr. H. 0. Forbes ; some excellent papers on birds in
that great institution were published conjointly with the latter in the
" Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums.** He afterwards visited the Malay
Peninsula with Mr. N. Annandale, when the two explorers made a large
collection of birds in Perak. {Cf, Fasciculi Malayeuses, Zool., part iiL,
1906.) Mr. Robinson is now Director of the State Museum of Salangore.

Robson (T.).

See Stevens, S., and Shabpe, R. Bowdleb.

4 birds from Turkey, including the types of Orites tephronotus.
Presented. [1866. 3. 31, 1-2 ; 1866. 4. 26, 1-2.]

Mr. Robson was a well-known collector in Turkey, chiefly in the
neighbourhood of Constantinople and the opposite coast of Asia Minor.
He contributed many excellent notes to the early parts of the " Birds of
Europe," and was the discoverer of the Long-tailed Tit, Mgithalus
Uphronotus (GKlnther), * Ibis,' 1865, pp. 96-98, pi. iv.

RomiUy (Dr.),

76 birds from the Horse-shoe Range in the Astrolabe Moimtains.
Presented by the Commissioners of Queensland. [87. 2. 6, 1-75.]

This collection was exhibited at the Colonial Exhibition at South
Kensington, and was afterwards presented to the British Museum by the
Queensland CommisHioners. It contained many rare species of birds new
to the Museum collection, among them being the female of ParadisomiU
rwiolphi and other Birds of Paradise.

Rosbach (A.).

21 eggs from the Smolen Islands, N. Norway. Purchased. [98. 6. 20,
1-21.]

Mr. Rosbach was an excellent observer, whom I met on my first
expedition to the Smolen Isles. He had lived there for thirty years, and
was thoroughly well acquainted with the birds of that Archipelago and
their habits. The Museum purchased from him eggs of the Turnstone
(Arenaria interpret)^ the Sheld-Duck {Tadwna tadoma), Teal {NetHum
crecoa\ and the Hooded Crow {Corone comix).

456 Zoology.

Rose (H. F.).

13 birds from Nairnshire. Presented. [88. 2. 29, 1-8; 88. 3. 7, 1-5.]
Specimens of the Common Wren {Anorthura troglodytes)^ and several

species of Tits.

Rosenberg (W. F. H.).

90 birds from Guayaquil and Puna Island, collected by the late Perry
0. Simons. Purchased. [99. 4. 30, 1-90.]

22 birds from N. Ecuador, chiefly from Paramba. Purchased.
[99. 11. 1, 1-22.]

411 specimens from Ecuador and Peru, collected by Mr. Perry
0. Shnons. Purchased. [1900. 10. 2, 1-100; 1900. 12. 2, 1-100;
1901. 4. 2^>, 1-100; 1901. 10. 14, 1-11; 1901. 10. 30, 1-100.]

Contained the types of new species, Buarremon nmonsi, B, paUxdi-
cepSf and Conirostrum dilutum, Crypturus herlepschiy etc., aud many
other species new to the Museum.

The remainder of the Simons collection, 2300 specimens. Purchased.
[1902. 3. 13, 2300.]

71 specimens from Ecuador and Colombia. Purchased. [1902. 5. 5,
1-71.]

19 birds from Bogos Land, N. E. Africa, collected by Mr. Schrader.
Purchased. [1902.12.9,1-19.]

420 birds from the Chupat Valley, Patagonia, collected by J. Eoss-
lowsky. Purchased. [1903.12.8,1-420.1

19 birds collected in the Tukan Besi Islands, Moluccas. Collected by
Mr. H. Kiihn. [1903. 12. 9. 1-19.]

48 birds from Venezuela collected by Messrs. Andr^ and Boddington.
Purchased. [1903.12.12,1-48.]

24 birds from the Moluccas, 14 new to the collection. Collected by
H. Kiihn. [1904.6.10,1-24.]

59 birds from South Western Islands, H. Eiilm. Purchased.
[1904. 7. 21, 1-59.]

8 birds from British Coliunbia. Purchased. [1905. 1. 29, 1-8.]

61 birds from Efulen and River Ja, Camaroons. Collected by G. L.
Bates. Purchased. [1905. 7. 30, 1-61.]

Mr. Bofienberg*s first expedition was to Colombia in 1894, where he
remained about a year, exploring the western side of the Cauca Valley.
As he paid more attention to entomology, his first collection was some-
what small. It was acquired by Mr. Boucard, who described two new
species of Humming-birds, Polyerata rosenbergi and Olaucis columhiana,
A new species of Nightjar was described as CaprimtUgua rosenbergi by
Dr. Hartert (Bull. B.O.C., v., p. 10, 1695).

In 1896 Mr. Rosenberg proceeded to N.W. Ecuador, and made a
somewhat extensive collection of birds, the whole of which (with the
exception of a few of the Ik-ochilidm) is in Mr. Rothschild's museum at
Tring. The following species were new to science : — Nemosia rosenbergi^
Rothsch. (BulL B.5.C., vu., p. 6, 1897); Buthraupis rothschildi,
Berlepsch (Bull. B.O.C., vii., p. 3, 1897); Odontophorus parambm^
Rothsch. (Bull B.O.C., vii., p. 6, 1897) ; Crypturus berlepschi^ Rothsch
(^.c, p. 5, 1897) ; Automolus nigricauda, Hartert (^.c, p. 30, 1898^
Cercomacra rosenbergi^ Hartert (Bull. B.O.C., vii., p. 29, 1898)
Pdioptila schistaceigula, Hartert (Bull. B.O.C., vii., p. 30, 1898)
ThamnophUus cachabiensis, Hartert (Bull. B.O.C., viL, p. 29, 1898)
Cercomacra berlepschi, Hartert (Bull. B.O.C., vii., p. 29, 1898).
Mr. Rosenberg atso obtained specmiens of the three new Colombian

Birds. 457

species mentioned above, as well as examples of Ptonopnttacm tmlchei*
and Tardus dagum^ Berlepsch, which had been described from Western
Colombia subsequently to his visit to that country. During this second
expedition Mr. Rosenberg met with several species previously unrecorded
from Ecuador, and thereby established the close affinity of the Avi&una
of N.W. Ecuador with that of Colombia.

On his departure from Ecuador, Mr. Rosenberg Rrrauged for further
collections to be sent from that country by two of his friends, Mr. G.
Flemming and Mr. R. Miketta, from whom he has received several
consignments containing species of very great interest. Among them
were the following, which were new to science: — Neocrex uni/ormis,
Hartert (Nov. Zool., viii., p. 369, 1901); Automolus paUidigularis
aSndior, Hartert (^.c, p. 369) ; Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior (id., Nov.
ZooL, ix., p. 370, 1901) ; Pittas<ma rufopileatum^ Hartert (Nov. Zool.,
viii., 370, 1901) ; Euphonia/ulvicrissapurpurMcenSf Hartert (t,c,, p. 370) ;
DacntB herl^schh Kothsch. and Hartert (Bull. B.O.C., xi., pp. 44, 70,
1901) ; OraUaria parambm, Rothsch. (Bull. B.O.C., xi., p. 36, 1900).

Many duplicates from the above-mentioned collections have passed
into the collection of the British Museum, including specimens of some
of the new species, but the complete set is to be found in the Tring
Museum.

Ro88 (Bernard R.).

See aho Mubbat, A.

139 specimens of birds, 39 eggs, and 16 nests collected during the
exploration of the Mackenzie River. Presented. [63. 1. 28, 1-194.1

Many specimens from Fort Simpson. This is still the only collection
which the Museum possesses from Western Canada.

Ro88 (Sir John Clark).

See AoMiBALTT, Lords of the.
Voyages of H.M.SS. Enterprise and Investigator^ Erebus and Terror.

Rothery (H. C).

32 specimens of birds from Cayenne. Presented. [45. 5. 1, 16-68.]
{Cf, Diet. Nat. Biogr., xlv., p. 309.)

RothschUd (Hon. L. Walter), Ph.D., M.P.

3 specimens of Nyroca/erina from Tring Reservoir. Presented. [85.
4. 15, 1-3.]

13 specimens of birds, mostly new to the collection of the British
Museimi. Received in exchange. [95. 10. 17, 1-13.]

This collection added many species of extreme value and rarity to the
Museum collectioii, among them being examples of (Estrdata nigripennis,
(E. gularis, Diomedea bulleri, D, immutabilis, Thaktssogeron scUvinif
Ptertdophora albertiy Bowdleria caudata, Miro danne/ordif Traversia
lyaMi.

4 specimens of birds from Laysan and Rarotonga Islands. Received
in exchange. [96. 1. 8, 1-4.] Three species new to the Museum
collection {Aplonis cinerascens, Telespiza cantans, HimcUione/reethi).

8 specimens of Humming-Birds from Ecuador. Presented. [96. 2.
11, 1-8.]

97 Humming-Birds from Mexico, and from Ecuador. Presented.
[96. 5. 3, 1-97.]

468 Zoology.

This is a very remarkable series. Every specimen was mounted by
Mr. 0. T. Baron, the well-known traveller-naturalist, on the spot, when
the specimens were shot by him. With the exception of Mr. Rothschild's
private collection of Huroming-Birds, mostly mounted by Mr. Baron in
the field, no Museum possesses such a beautiful exhibition of Hummiog-
Birds as the British Museum, augmented as it is by the preparations
designed to show the structure of this remarkable Order of birds, as
prepared for public exhibition by the late Sir William Flower.

45 specimens of birds from the Marianne Islands. Received in
exchange. [^6. 7. 16, 1-45.]

In this collection were many species new to the Museum CZosterops
eonspiciUcUa, Corvus kuharyi, Megapodius laperouseif PhUxgenoB
pampwa, etc.

7 specimens from New Zealand and the neighbouring islands.
Exchanged. [97. 11. 18, 1-7.]

Eudyptes schlegdij Phalaerocorax colensoi^ P. nychthemenu, new to
the Museum collection.

7 birds from New Guinea. Exchanged. [97. 12. 5, 1-7.]

Specimens of rare species of Birds of Paradise new to the Museum
collection, Astrapia splendidissimay Rothsch., CnemophUus macgrtgorii,
Paradisea intermedia^ Macgregoria ptdchra.

48 eggs, from the Salvage Islands, collected by Mr. Ogilvie-Ghrant.
Presented. [1903.8.11,1-48.]

316 birds from the Azores collected by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant. Presented.
[1904. 12. 31, 1-316.]

Rothschild {Hon, N. Charles).

20 specimens from the Liu Kiu Islands. Presented. [1902. 9. 27,
1-20.1

43 birds from the Egyptian Sudan. Presented. [1904. 12. 14, 1-43.]

Rothschild {Hon. N. Charles) and Wollaston {Dr. A. F. R.).
66 birds from the Egyptian Sudan. Presented. [1901. 10. 1. 1-66.]
Several rare species added to the national collection. Bubo desertorunif
Caprimulgua eximius. Faster rt^fidoraaiis^ etc. The series of the
beautiful Goatsucker, C. easimiuSy was a donation of very great value.

Routledge (Sooresby).

A specimen of Jackson's Francolin from Equatorial Africa. [1905.
1. 15, 1.]

Rowland Ward {Messrs.).

2 young Snowy Owls {Nyctea acandiacd). Presented. [1904. 4. 13,

1-2.]

Royal College of Surgeons.

135 s{)ecimens from various localities. Presented. [45. 2. 21, 262-396.]

Royal Geographical Society.

See ScuoMBUBOK, Sir R. ; National Antarctic Expedition.

Royal Society.

66 birds, nests and eggs, from Rodriguez Island, collected by the Rev.
H. H. Sclater during the Transit of Venus Expedition. Presented. [76.
3. 14, 1-66.] Specimens of Bebromis roderioanus and Foudia ftavicanSy
new to the Museum.

Birds. 459

44 nests and eggs and skeletons of birds, from Bodriguez, collected by
H. (Mliver. Presented. [76.3.15,1-22.]

The collections made by the Rev. H. H. Slater and Mr. H. Gulliver
during the Transit of Venus Expedition were described by me in 1879
[Phil. Trans., clxviii. (extra volume), pp. 101-162, pis. vi-viii.].

22 specimens of birds and 114 eggs from Eerguelen Island. Collected
by the Rev. A. E. Eaton. [76. 4. 26, 1-22 ; 76. 6. 19, 1-114.]

These specimens were collected by Mr. Eaton during the Transit of
Venus Exp^ition. He discovered a new species of Duck, which I named
after him Quer^uedrda eatoni, since separated as a distinct genus,
Dq/Utda, by the late Dr. Elliot Coues. Owing to various circumstances,
the collection made on the Transit of Venus Expedition was a very small
one, and by no means to be compared with that made by Dr. Kidder and
the American expedition (</. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 2, pp. 1-47, 1875;
no. 3, pp. 1-20, 1876). Mr. Eaton's notes were, however, excellent, beins
the work of a first-class field-naturalist. The Challenger had visited
Eerguelen but a short time before, and he believed that a complete series
of the birds of the island had been obtained, and therefore preserved only
a few specimens. By unearthing the collections of birds made by the old
Antarctic Expedition from the boxes of skins in the British Museum,
concerning which nothing had been published, I was able to compile a
tolerably complete memoir on the birds of these Antarctic regions [</,
Phil. Tnms., clxviii. (extra volume), up. 101-162, pis. vi.-viii., 1879].

30 specimens of birds from the Island of Fernando Noronha, collected
by Mr. H. N. Ridley. Presented. [88. 6. 1, 1-30.]

Two new species were obtained by Mr. Ridley, viz. JElainea ridUyitnaf
Sharpe (P. Z. S., 1888, p. 107), and Vireo giacilirostris, Sharpe, «foum.
Linn. Soc. ZooL, 20, p. 478, 1890. For Mr. Ridley's own account of the
expedition, see Journ. Linn. Soc., Botany, vol. xxviL, and " Zoologist,"
1888, pp. 41-49.

81 specimens from the Island of Dominica, W.I., collected by Mr.
G. A. Ramage. Presented. [88. 9. 21, 1-11 ; 88. 10. 4, 1-15 ; 89. 6. 10,
1-58.] For a description of these collections, see Sclater, P. Z. S., 1889,
pp. 326, 327.

50 specimens from Santa Lucia, collected by Mr. 6. A. Ramage.
Presented. [89. 8. 5, 1-50] (c/. Sclater, P.Z.S., 1889, pp. 394, 395).

27 specimens from Antigua, collected by Mr. G. A. Ramage.
Presentotl. [93. 7. 9, 1-27] (c/. Sclater, P.Z.S., 1892, pp. 498-500).

62 skeletons of birds from Madagascar, collected by Dr. Forsyth
Major. [97. 5. 10, 1-62.]

Royal Society and British AsBOCiation.

256 specimens of birds from the Hawaian Archipelago. Presented.
[95. 7. 20, 1-175 ; 97. 10. 28, 1-81.]

This important collection was made by Mr. Perkins, who has written
a most interesting account of the birds of the Hawaian Islands (cf. •* Ibis,"
1893, pp. 101-112, and " Fauna Hawaiensis," vol. i., 1903).

In addition to the type-specimen of the new species, Drepanorhamphus
funereu9^ the following additions were made to the collection of the
British Museum: — ffetei^orhynchus hanapepe^ H, wihoni, ff, affinis,
HemigncUhiM obacurus, H, procerus, Oreomyza mana, 0. montana,
LiKDops flammeay Jlimatione maculata, H. newtoni, JRhodcecanthis
pcUmeri, Fseudonestor xanthophrys, Chloridops kona, CJUorodrepanis
parva, C. kalaana, C. chlorisy C, chloridoides, C, wilsoni, Chrysomitridops
casrtdeirostris, Fhaomis lanaiensis, Acrulocercus bisJiopi, A. nobilis,

460 Zoology.

Palmeria doleiy Viridonia sagittirotirxs^ Loxops aurea, L, ochracea^
Corvtis tropictts, Chaseimpis gayi.

221 birds, nests, eggs, and skeletons from the IslandB of Socotra and
Abd-el-Kuri, collected by Mr. W. R. OgUvie-Grant and Dr. H. 0. Forbes.
Presented. [99. 4. 5, 1-51 ; 99. 8. 11, 1-170.]

The first set of specimens from this celebrated expedition was
presented to the British Museum. The types of the following new
species were included: — Scops socotrantts, rhalocrooorax tUrigwariSf
Caprimtdgus jonesi, FringiUaria socotrana^ F, insularis. Passer hemi-
leucuSf Motacilla fonvoodi (cf. «*The Natural History of Sokotra and
Abd-el-Kuri," by W. R. OgUvie-Grant and H. 0. Forbes, LL.D., Aves,
pp. 19-72, pis. iii.-viL).

Boyal Society^ and the UniverBities of Edinburgh and
Liverpool.

498 birds, nests, and eggs from the Malay Peninsula, collected by
W. G. Robinson and N. Annandale. Presented. [1905. 2. 1, 1-498.]

Rudd (C. D.)

2952 birds, 29 eggs, 2 nests, collected by H. G. B. Grant in Gape
Golony, Namaqua Land, Zulu Land, and £. TransvaaL Presented.
[1903. 7. 20, 1-72 ; 1903. 10. 14, 1-385 ; 1905. 12. 29, 1-1952.]

RttppeU (Dr. E.).

57 birds from Abyssinia and Shoa. Purchased. [43. 8. 15, 7-10,
12-13 ; 42. 8. 16, 1-36 ; 42. 4. 8, 1-6, 45. 6. 2, 6-15.]

These were duplicates from Dr. Rtippeirs ^eat expedition to
Abyssinia, and the British Museum, with the officers of which the
celebrated traveller was on very friendly terms, profited greatly by these
acquisitions. Many species, new to the collection, were added, the
specimens being co-types and of the greatest value, among them being
the following : — Buteo ati^ur (Riipp.), Schizorhis zonura, Riipp., Centropus
monachtutf Rupp., Bhinopomastus minor (RtLpp.), 8t&ma affinis^ Grets-
schm. [= 8. Tnedia (cf. Saimders, Gat. B., xxv., p. 86)], Turtur lugens
(Riipp.), P«occpAa7ti«in6y€r» (Riipp.), P. ^vi/rons (Riipp.), Lcvmprotcmis
rufiventris, Riipp. [= Spreo pfdcher (P.L.S., Miill.)] (^. Sharpe, Gat. B.,
xiii., p. 191), Spreo superbus (Riipp.), Ctnnamopterus tenuirostris (Riipp.),
ffirundo striolata (Riipp.) [ = //. puella, Temm.] (cf, Sharpe, Gat. B., x.,
p. 154), B. melanocrissa (Riipp.), Serinus xantJioMfgius, Riipp., Saxicola
isabdlina, Gretzschm., Crateropus Uucopygius (RUpp.), Far%is dorsatusy
Riipp. [= P. leuconotttSy Guerin] (cf, G^ow, Gat. B., viii., p. 10).

Russell (Lord Odo).

29 specimens of North American birds. Presented. [58. 10. 29, 1-29.1
Lord Odo Russell was created Baron Ampthill in 1881. He obtained

some interesting birds when attached to the Legation at Washington.
Cf. Diet. Nat. Biogr., xlix., p. 468.

Sabine {Sir Edward).

5 birds from various localities. [84. 7. 21, 1-5.]

Sir Edward Sabine gave many specimens from West Africa in the early
part of the nineteenth century, but no register of the donations appeare
to have been kept. A Bush-Shrike {Chaunonotus sMnei) was named after
him by J. E. Gray in the " Zoological Miscellany," i,, p. 6. He is best
known to English ornithologists by the Fork-tailed GuU (Xema sabinei),
the type-specimen of which was presented to the Museum by his executors
in 1884.

Birds. 461

St. John {Sir Oliver).

See Stevens, S. ; Blanford, W. T.
St. Petersbnrg Museum.

104 specimens from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and other parts of the
Russian Empire. Exchanged. [87. 11. 2, 1-60; 93. 8. 1, 1-44.]

Most of the valuable duplicates from the St. Petersburg Museum were
exchanged with the late Mr. Henry Seebohm, and passed Into the British
Museum with the Seebohm Bequest. A certain number were, however,
received by the Museum through direct exchange, and amongst other
species, the following: Gkune-birds were added to the collection, Caoooibis
magnOf PhaManus ialiscJiensis, P. tarimensis and P. satachuenensis,

St. Quintin (Gkoffbey A.).

See cUso Ogilvie-Grant, W. R.
11 specimens of Cormorants and Shags from Cromarty, N.B. Pre-
sented. [98. 3. 4, 1-11.]

Salangore State Museum (Hebbert G. Robinson, Director).

13 birds from Salangore. Presented. [1904. 6. 18, 1-13.]
Salle (August).

See cUso Coming, H. ; Sclater, P. L.

28 si)ecimens from San Domingo. Purchased. [61. 11. 14, 1-28.]

58 specimens from Southern Mexico. Purchased. [67. 7. 30, 4-25 ; '
58. 9. 27, 1-19 ; 68. 10. 1, 1-11 ; 69. 6. 28, 15-21.]

Salle's early travels in Central America were principally for the
purpose of making entomological collections, but his ornithological work
was also important, and he discovered several interesting new species.
He first went to San Domingo in 1849, and the collections were sent to
Mr. Hugh Cuming [q. v.] for disposal. They were described by Dr.
Sclater (P.Z.S., 1857, p. 230), who also wrote memoirs on Sally's Mexican
collections (P.Z.S., 1866 [c/. Ibis, 1897, p. 147], pp. 283-311, pis. cxx.,
cxxi. ; 1867, pp. 81, 82, 201-207, 226-230; 1868, pp. 95-99, 294-305).

Salmon (T. K).

See Gerrard, E.

Mr. Salmon was an engineer who, owing to ill-health, left England
in 1872 for Colombia, where he made an excellent collection of the birds
of that country, and their eggs. The collection was described by Dr.
Sclater and Mr. Salvin in the " Proceedings " of the Zoological Society
for 1879 (pp. 486-550, pis. xli.-xliii.). The new species were Cyphorhinus
dichrous, Buarremon eUsprorus^ Autamolus ignohiUs^ OraUaria ru/o-
cinerea and Brachygalha idmoni.

Cf. Obituary notice, Ibis, 1879, pp. 384 and 385.

Salvin (Osbebt), F,B.S.

189 birds and 7 eggs from Guatemala. Presented. [59. 2. 5, 1-7 ;

60. 11. 20, 1-48; 61. 7. 16, 1-52 ; 65. 5. 19, 3-91.]

68 nests of North American birds. Presented. [66. 4. 26, 1-68.]
63 birds from Central America. Purchased. [68. 2. 17, 1-63.]
63 birds from Costa Rica. Purchased. [68. 6. 30, 1-63.]
The two latter collections were duplicates from those sent to Mr.

Salvin by his correspondents. Throughout his life he was a very keen

ornithologist, and when at a tutor's at Finchley he began his collecting.

Many specimens of birds and eggs obtained in the neighbourhood of

462 Zoology.

Hampstead and Finchley are in the Salvin-Ghxlman collection, many of
them taken in places now given over to the builder. At Cambridge he
became one of the founders of the British Ornithologists' Union, with the
two brothers Newton, Canon Tristram, P. L. Sclater, and P. Da Cane
Gtxlman. Here was started that brotherhood which has made the
British school of ornithology pre-eminent in the history of the science,
and from these college days began that close companionship and
loving friendship which has had such a great influence on the progress
of zoology — I mean, of course, the partnership of Mr. Salvin and
Dr. Grodman, which finally culminated in the publication of the ''Biologia
Centrali-Americana.'' To myself Salvin was always the kindest of friends,
and I owe' much to his advice and guidance throughout my life. In
addition to the many papers which he published, a list of the principal ones
being given by Dr. Goaman in his '* Introduction " to the volumes of the
" Biologia,*' he wrote for many years in conjunction with Dr. P. L. Sclater,
a complete list of these essays being given in the Memoir of the last-
named Ornithologist published in 1896 by the n.S. National Museum
(Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 49).

Salvin (O.) and Godman (F. D.).

See Godman, F. D.
Sambon {Dr. Luigi).

9 specimens of birds from the Campagna Romana. Presented.
[1901. 1. 29, 1-9.]

These were collected by Dr. Sambon during his stay in the Campagna,
when he was prosecuting his researches into the causes of malaria.

Sandeman (Fleetwood).

A young Peregrine from Surendal Valley, Norway. Presented.
[1904. 10. 26, 1.]

Saunders (Ernest).

16 birds from Norfolk Island. Purchased. [88. 10. 6, 1-16.]
Ernest Saunders was an attendant for some time in the Zoological
Department, and was the son of one of our most respected attendants in
the Museum — John Saunders. The son afterwards went to Australia,
and was ultimately in the employ of the Australian Museum at Sydney,
taking part in expeditions to Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island (9^.
Etheridge, ** The General Zoology of Lord Howe Island," Mem. Austr.
Mus. Sidney, i.. Birds, pp. 1-48, 1889).

Saunders (Howard).

101 specimens from Southern Spain. Presented. [72. 11. 4, 1-27 ;
74. 4. 9, 1 ; 75. 11. 22, 1-73.]

These included Mr. Saunders' collection of Accipitres^ which he gave
to the Museum in order to help me with my first two volumes of the
"Catalogue of Birds." In this collection were the only authentic
specimens of Elanus caruleus and FaJco barhartu obtained in Southern
^)ain, as well as beautiful skins of Aquila cuialbertif Oypaeius harhahUf.
and other rare species.

97 birds from various localities (Tangiers, Mogador, S. Spain, etc.)
Presented. [74. 4. 2, 2-8; 79. 4. 19, 1-4; 82. 6. 3, 1-26; 82. 12. 21,
1-60.]

255 eggs of Gulls and Terns. Presented. [91. 4. 3, 1-256J
496 specimens of Laridae. Purchased. [94. 10. 28, 1-496.J
This was the private collection of Gulls and Terns, perhaps the finest

Birds. 463

then in existence, which Mr. Saunders had gathered together for the
purpose of writing a monograph of the LaHdm. When he undertook
to describe these birds in the " Catalogue of Birds," he parted with his
great collection to the British Museum.

64 specimens from various parts of the world. Presented. [94. 12. 24,
1-15 ; 95. 10. 12, 1-12 ; 97. 11. 17, 1-37.]

Mr. Howard Saunders has always been a staunch friend of the Museum.
Cf. "Who's Who," 1904, p. 1355.

Saunders (W. Radcuffe).

962 eggs, from Alaska, California, Australia, etc. Presented. [1902.
10. 15, 1-962.]

1266 eggs from Canada, the United States, Queensland, etc. Presented.
[1902. 10. 25, 1-964 ; 1902. 10. 30, 1-302 ; 1903. 7. 30, 1-351.]

A further large consignment of eggs, chiefly of Palsearctic species, was
present^ in 1904.

9 birds from the Canary Islands, Japan, etc. Presented. [1905. 4. 11,
1-9.]

Mr. Radcliffe Saunders possessed a very tine collection of eggs from
all parts of the world. In 1902 he proixwed to restrict his collection to
Paliearctic species, and he presented tne whole of his series from the other
regions of the world to the British Museum. He has recently given his
entire Pala^rctic collection also— the whole donation consisting of about
10,000 specimens, vastly increasing the series of eggs in the Museum, and
adding those of a large number of species previously unrepresented.

Saunders (W. Wilson).

18 specimens of birds from various localities. Presented. [73. 5. 30,
1-18.]

A munificent patron of science in his day. Though chiefiy devoting
his attention to other branches of natural history, he had a very good
collection of birds, which I catalogued for him. At my request, he
])re8ented a few specimens which I coveted for the British Museum,
among them the type-specimen of the pretty little Dwarf-owl, Qlaucidium
tephronotum, Sharpe, which still remains unique. No second specimen
has yet been discovered, and the habitat is still unknown.

Sohltiter (Wilhelm).

65 eggs of Cuculus canonic from Germany, with the eggs of the
foster-parents. Purchased. [92. 7. 8, 1-8; 92. 7. 14, 1-36; 93. 8. 12,
1-21.]

30 birds from Germany. Purchased. [1901. 5. 3, 2-5 ; 1901. 7. 3,

1-15; 1902.3.21,1-11.]

16 birds from the Pakearctic region. Purchased. [1905. 1. 28, 1-16.]

6 birds from Euroi)e. Purchased. [1905. 4. 25, 1-6.]

Mr. Schliiter is the well-known natural-history agent of Halle a. 8.,

and many specimens for mounting in the public gallery have been

acquired from him.

Schmitz {Fadre Ernesto).

20 si)ecimens of birds and eggs from Madeira. Purchased. [95. 9. 5,

1-10; 96. 2. 6, 1-6; 96. 7. I, 1-7.]

22 birds from Madeira. Purchased. [1904. 7. 22, 1-22.]

Padre Schmitz is Director of the Seminario at Funchal, and has

formed a most interesting Museum of the Fauna of Madeira and the

464 Zoology.

DefiertAR Islands. It is one of the best local Museums that I have ever
seen, and the Parlre is a most efficient Director, training; his pupils to
collect, and to become good naturalists.

Schneider (Gustav).

15 specimens from South-eastern New Guinea. Purchased. [Bfi. 2. 20,

These were from the collection made by the late Carl Hunstein in the
Horse-shoe Range of the Astrolabe Mountains. The following 8|x?cie3
were new to the Museum — Parotia lawesi^ Lopliorhina minor ^ JElurmdus
TnelanocephaJtu, Phonygama purpurHviolctceaj Em inrondita, PsittareUa
madiirasziy Charmosyna stellxy Pfilopits pahfteliSy and MelidecteR etnih'i.

6 sijecimens collecte<l by Dr. Otto Finsch in New IrelaniL Purchased.
[87. 1. 26, 1-6.]

Among these were the types of DonacicoJa hunsfeini, Myzfrmela
ramsayxy and Carpophnga suhflavescens,

Sohombnrgk (Sir R.).

50 birds from British Guiana. Presented by the Royal Geographical
Society. [37. 2. 3, 179-228.]

146 birds from British Guiana. Presented. [37. 7. 15, 1-66 ; 39. 12. 1,
1 ; 40. 7. 3, 1-71 ; 44. 7. 2, 1 ; 44. 9. 4, 100-105.]

28 specimens from Barbados. Presented. [47. 8. 10, 1-28.]

5 specimens from Bermuda. [47. 10. 25, 1-5.]

Sir Robert Schomburgk died in lierlin in March 1865.

C/, Ibis, 1865, p. 240.

Sohrader (G.).

See Rosenberg.

Schultze (H.).

60 birds from the Caucasus. Purchased. [1902. 12. 7, 1-60.]

The Caucasian Long-tailed Tit (jEgithdlus cauccuticwt), was received

for the first time. Other specimens have since been acquired with the

Menzbier collection of Pandx,

Sclater (Philip Lutley), D.5c., F.B,S.

8 specimens, from South America, including the types of Turdu^
ignobilis and RaJlus semiplumbeus. Presented. [57. 11. 5, 1-3;
57. 11. 18, 1-5.]

7 specimens from S. Mexico, collected by A. Sall^. Purchased.
[63. 9. 6, 1-7.]

2 type-8i)ecimen8 of Saxicola spectabilxs, Hartl., from Windvogelberg
Uf, P.Z.S., 1865, pp. 428, 429, pf. xxiii.) ( = Myrmecocichla bi/asciaUt,
Temm. ; cf. Seebohm, Cat. B., v., p. 355, 1881), collected by Capt.
Bulger. Presented. [65. 10. 16, 1-2.J

10 specimens from Santiago, Chili, collected by Landbeck. Purchased.
[67. 6. 16, 1-10.]

An e<!g of the Spotted Bower-bird, CMamydodera niactilata. Presented.
[73. 6. 27, 5.]

10 specimens from Central and South America. Purchased.
[83. 4. 20, 1-10.]

521 specimens of American birds (Hirwidinidm and Mniotiltidm,
Purchased. [84. 5. 15, 1-521.] Thirty-three species were added to the
collection, including the types of Cottle ftdvipennis ( = Steigidopteryx

Birds. 465

serripenntBf Audub. ; cf. Sharpe, Gat. B., x., p. 206), PoiliopHla holiviana^
P. lactea, Leucopeza semperi, Oeothlypis spedota, Btuileuterui roraimm^
B, mesochrynu, B, griseiceps, B, cinereicolliSf B. frxueri, B. mesoleucus^

B, semicennnus, B, uropygicdis^ B, leucopygiw^ Setophaga albi/ronst
Oranatellus pelzelni,

210 specimens of American birds (Cmrebidm), Purchased. [84. 7. 31,
1-210.]

21 new species, with the following 14 types, were added to the
Museum : — Dtglossa gloriota^ D, indigotioa, l)iglo88opii» cmruletcens,
Oreomanes fraseri, Canirostrum fnuerif Dacnis cmrebicohr, 2>.
pulcherrimcLj 2>. talmanif Chiorophanes gwUemalensia^ (7. purpurcucena,
Cmreba cameipes {— C, cyanea^ L. ; c/, Sclater, Gat. B., xi., p. 32),

C. lucida^ Certhiola dominicana, C, brazUienHs.

769 specimens of American FringUlidm^ Purchased. [85. 2. 8, 1-8 ;
86. 2. 10, 1-761.]

71 species added to the Museum, with types of the following
25 species : — Fheueticus crissalU, F, uropygialis, Oryzohorus occidentcUUf
0. melas, 0, funereuSf 0. athiaps, Sperrnophila pileata, S, ophthalmicaf
8. ocellcUaj 8. corvina, Faroaria cervicalis, Fooapiza erythrophrys, P.
whiteij F. honaparteif F. c««ar, Fhrygilus ocularis, Zonotrichia guin"
questriata, Feucma botterii, F. houcardi, Ernbemagra olivascena, Fipilo
albicoUiSf Coccothraustes maculipenniSf Chrysomitris uropygiaiis, 8ycaX%s
pelzelni, 8. chrysops.

1124 specimens of Tanagridm, Purchased. [85. 6. 12, 1-1124.]

48 species added to the collection, with the types of the following
65 species: — Frocnias tersa occidentalis, Chlorophonia frontalis, C.
flavirostris, Euphonia pyrrhophrys, E. concinna, E.finschi, K ftUvicrissa,
E, mdanura, E, vittata, E, chalcopasta, E, chrysopasta, Chhrochrysea
nitidissimct, Calliste tatao cmlicolor, C, xanthogastra, C. virescens, C,
icterocephala, C. ruficapilla, C. chrysonota, C, cyanolmma, C. vieilloti, C,
cyanescens, 0. cyanopygia, C. taylori, C, melanotis, C, cyanotis, C,
rufigenis, C. Itmigera, C. venusta, Iridomis porphyrooephala, Ta/nagra
s%i)cvnerea, Tanagra auricrissa, Bhamphocmlus dorscUis, B, ephippiaiis,
R. uropygiaiis, B, unicolor, Fhtenicothraupis eryihrolmma, Tachyphonus
aXbosptcularis, T, cristateUus, Nemosia guirina, N, auricoUis, N, insignia,
N, albigularis, N. ornata, Chlorospingus chrysophrys, 8phenops ignobUis,
Chlorospingus oleagineus, C, castaneicoUis, C. goeringi, €. rndanotis,
Urothraupis stolzmanni, Buarremon pJueopleurus, B, inomatus, B.casUi"
neiceps, B, spodionotus, B, dmoprorus, B. taczanowskii, B, oastanei/rons,
B. citrinellus, Arremon spectahilis, A. nigrirostris. A, axillaris, 8altator
IcUidavius, 8. flavidicollis, 8, isthmicus and Tanagra olivina (= 8chisto^
cMamys atra, Gm. ; cf. Sclater, Cat. B., xi., p. 301).

384 specimens of American Icteridm. Purchased. [85. 7. 12, 1-384.]

Includes 10 tjrpes, viz.: — Ostinops salmoni, 0, oleaginus, Casstcus
flavicrissus, C, microrhynchus, Agdmus imthumi, A. forbesi, Leistes
erythrothorax, Neopsar nigerrimus. Icterus laudabilis, I. wagleri.
25 species were new to the Museum collection.

33 birds from S. America, including the type of Hmmophila pulchra.
Purchased. [86. 8. 1, 1-33.]

310 specimens of American Twdidm and Mimidm, Purchased.
[86. 8. 2, 1-310.]

Included the types of nine species, Catharus occidentcUis, C.
phmoplewrusy Turdus leucauchen, T. ephippiaXis, T, fvlviventris, T.
pinicola, Melanoptila glabrirostris, JIarporhynchus ocellatus, Cindus
leucanotus,

VOL. II. ^ 2 H

466 Zoology.

468 specimens of American Troglodytidm and Vireonidm. Pur-
chased. [86. 9. 15, 1-468.] Included 36 types, as follows :—

Campylorhynchus gularis, C. jocosus^ C. nigriceps, C. striaticoHis^
Cinnicerihia/ulvay Cyphorhinus plimocephalus^ C. dichrous^ MicrocerctUus
SQuamulutuSf Heterocnemis albigvlaria, Microcerctdiu marginattu,
thryophUus nxgricapillus^ Thryothorus mystacalis, T, euophrySy T. fdixj
T. martinicensiSy T. mesoleucus^ Troglodytes intermediuSf T, solstitialis^
T, brunneicoUiSf Uropsila leucogcutra, Vireosylvia cobanensiSf V, Joseph m,
Vireo modestus^ V. hypochryseuSf UylophUus pectoralis, H, muscicapinus,
H. insularis, H, Irunneieeps^ H, ochraceiceps^ H, rubrifrons, H. feru-
ginei/ronSf H, luteifrons, H. semicineretu^ Cydorhis flavipectus, C. viren-
ticepSf Eremophila peregrina.

25 specimens from the Solomon Islands. Piesented. [87. 1. 20, 1-25.1

Included the types of four species, Ninox solomoniSy Sharpe {= N.
variegata, Q. and G. ; cf, Salvad., Om. Pap., i., p. 88), Rallus xntactus,
Sclater (= Gymnocrex plumbeiventris^ Gray ; cf, Sharpe, Gat. B., xziii.^
p. 52, 1894), Mino kreffti, Sclater (c/. P.Z.S., 1869, pp. 118-126,
pis. ix., X.).

485 specimens of Trochilidm. Purchased. [87. 3. 14, 1-485.]

1718 specimens of Tyrannidm, Pipridmj and Cotingidm, Purchased.
[83. 1. 13, 1-1718.]

28 species were new to the collection of the British Museum, and the
following types were added to it: — AgtHomis pollens^ A. insolensy
A. solitarta, Ochihceca fumicolor^ 0, supercUiosOy 0, polionota^ 0. leuco-
metopa, 0. citrini/ronst 0, lessonii, 0. nigrita, 0, salvini, 0, gnUtosa^
0, murinaj Mecocerculus stictopterus, M. calopterus, M. poscilooercuSt
Fluvicda atripennis, Cnipolegus hudsoni^ C. pusiUus^ Copurus fusci-
capilluSf Muscisaxicola fluviatilus, Platyrhynchus flavigularisy P. alhi*
gularis, P. coronaius^ Todirostrum nigricepSj T. piUchellum, T. schistor
ceicepSf T, pioatumy Oncostoma cinereigularey Euscarthmus pdzdniy
E. impigert Ilapalocercus/tdvicepSj H, Jlaviventris, Pogonotriccus gualor
quizm, Serpophaga hypoleuca, 8, subflavOy Anmrttes agilis, Leptopogon
pcBcUotis, L, peruvianus, L, erythrops, PhyHomyicu berlepschiy Myiopatis^
semi/usca, Omithion inerme, 0, imberhey Tyranniscus cinereicepSy T. im-
probusy T, gracilipes, T, viridissimiu, T. chrysopSy T, flavidifronsy
T, leucogonys, Elainea aemipaganay E, gigas, E, rtisu, E. griseigidarisy
E, modestOf E. hypospodia, E. pudica, E,/<dlaXy E. implacenSf E. degans^
E. flavivertex, SublegcUus glaoer, Phylhmyias platyrhynchny Rhynckos
cydus tequinoctidlisy P. fulvipectus, R, cinereicepst R. viridicepSf Pitangus
tayloriy Myiodynastes nobUiSf M. atri/rons, Syristes cdbocinereus, Mega •
rhyndius chrysogaster^ Muscivora occidentalism Cnipodectes subbrunneus^
C, minoTt Myiobius sulphureipygiuSf M. villosus^ M. aureiventrisy
M, flavicanSf M. ptUcher^ M, bdlus, M. crypterythruSt M, cryptoxanthns-
Pyrocephalus mexicanuSj Empidochanes/ringillaris, E, pceciluruSy Mitre-
phanes phmocercus^ Empidonax ridgwayi, Contopus brachytarsus, Myi-
archus pJueonotus, M. apicalis, M, nigrtcapUluSy M. nigriceps^ Tyrannua
niveigulariSf T. rostratus, CMoropipo fioloddora, Masius conmukUus^
Metopothrix aurantiacus, Pipra flavicollis^ P, leuoorrhoa, TyranneuUes
brachyurus, Scl. and Salv. (= Pipra viresoens, Pelz.; cf. Scl., Cat, xiv.,
p. 302), Machmropterus ddiciosus, Pipra flavitincta^ ScL (= Chiro-
macJimrisflaveolaf Cass. ; cf. Scl., Gat., xiv., p. 315), Heteropelma wallaceif
H. amazonunif H, sienorhynchumf H. flavicapillum, H. igniceps^ Hadro^
stomus homochrotUf Padiyrhamphus spodiurus^ P. cinereiventriSt P.
dorsaliSf P. albogriseus^ lApavtgus immwndus, Attila cUriniventris^
Thamnophilus strenutis, ScL (= Attila rhamnophiloideSf Spix: cf. Scl.^

Birds. 467

Cat, xiv., p. 364), A. torridua, Ccuiornis fusca, Pipreola jucunda^
Cephalopierus pendtdiger, DolxomxB aclaterij Tacz.

347 specimens of American Woodpeckers (PicC), Purchased. [89. 2. 26,
1-347.]

Five species were added to the British Museum, and the following
type-specimens: — Picumnus tvallaceif ELargitt, Dryocopus fuscipenniSf
Sclater, Melanerpea ptUcher, Sclater, Cdeus subflavus, Sdater (= (7. flavus^
Man.; cf. Hargitt, Cat., xviii., p. 440, 1890), O. fraseri, Malh. (= (7.
hricatus, Reichenb. ; (/. Hargitt, Cat. B., xyiii., p. 432, 1890).

658 specimens of Dendrocoiaptidm. Purchased. [89. 5. 20, 1-668.]
8 species were new to the collection, and the following types were
acquired : — Geonitta crassirostris, Fumarius ctgnatusj F, torriduSf Upu-
certhia eocceltior, Cindodes aUndiventrU, Lochmias sororia, Leptasthenura
piUata^ L, andicoiaf Syncdlaxis moesta^ S. Bpixi^ 8, deganSf 8. elegantior^
8. hypospadia, 8. subpudica, 8, pudica, 8iptomxs antisiensiSj 8, curtata,
8, erythropsy 8. suhcrUtcUa, 8, arequipm, 8. hvdsoni, 8, wyatti, Phace-
lodomus rvfipennis, Thripophaga guttvligera, Automolus holoBtictus^ H,
ignobilis, A. strtatioeps, A. rubiginoauSf A, rubiduSf A, mdanopeztis,
PhUydor conaobrintu, P. erythronotus, P. panerythrus, P. cerwtcalis,
Anciazenopa oleagineus, A. variegaticeps. A, temp<»*ali$, A. striaticoHis,
A, subalaris, Xenops littoralis, Ancistrops lineaticepSf Dendromis eytoni^
Pioolaptes puncticeps^ P. layardi, Xiphorhynchris thoracicus, Scl. ( = X
trochilirostris, Licht. ; cf, 8ci., Cat., xv., p. 159), X. ptuiUus, Dendrocinda
homochroaf D, ruficeps, Dendrooolaptes pundicoUis, D, radidatus,
726 specimens of Formicariidm. Purchased. [89. 9. 20, 1-726.]
The following types were included : — ThamnophUus mdanocrissus, T,
tranaandianuSf T. immactdatuSf T, mthiops, T. mdanodirouSf Myrmdastes
piumbeus (= ITiamnophilus plumbeua; cf. Scl., Cat. B., xv., p. 193),
T. nigricinereus, T. nigriceps, T, oapitaiia, T. simplex, T. amazonicus,
T. leucauchen, T. lordo-yaquensis, T. mdanonoius, T, pundiceps,
Thamnistes anahatinus, T. mquatoricUis, Pygoptila margaritc^ Bysi-
ihamnus leuoostictuSf D. ardesiacus, D, unicolor, 2>. gutturaHs, Myrmo^
ihertUa pyrrhanota, M, erythrura, M. mdmnoy M, cinereiventriSf
M, urostictay HerpsUochmus frater, H, pectoralis, Formicivora speciosa,

F, oaudcUii, F, boucardi, Rhamphocmnus albiventris, i?. saneta-^martiief
MicrobaUs torquatus^ Cercornacra napensis, C. nigricans, C. oarbonaria,
C, maculicanda^ Percnostola foriiSy Hderocnemis leucostigma, Myrme-
dzu immacukUct, M. pdzdni, Bypocnemis hypoxantha, H, erythrophrys,
H, tndanura, Pithys kucaspis, P, lunviaius, Thamnocharis dignissima,
GniUaria mexicana, 0. regvlus, O, haplonoia, O. nuchalis, G, ruficeps,

G. rufodnerea, G. flavoHnda, G. ervthroleuca, G, erythrotis, G, grisei-
nucha, G. ftUviventris, Grallarictda loricata, G, cucullaia, Conopophaga
torrida, Scl. ( = C7. peruviana, Des Murs; cf. Scl., Cat., xv., p. 330,
C. oastaneiceps, (7. gutturalis, Scl. (= (7. oastaneiceps ; rf. tx., p. 332),
AgcUhopw micropterus, Scl. ( = 8cytalopu8 antdis, Lafr. ; cf. ScL, Cat.,

XV., p. 342), Liosceles ihorctcicus, Bhinocrypta fusca.

745 birds from various localities. Purchased. [1905. 1. 30, 1-745.]

726 specimens of Formicariidm (Ant-Thrushes), including 67 types.
Purchased, [89.9.20,1-726.]

221 specimens of Picarian birds (Cuckoos, Toucans, Barbets^ including
2 types uHpHopterus excellens, and Capita aurantiicoUis), and 5 species
new to the collection. Purchased. [89. 9. 27, 1-221.]

196 specimens of Cypsdidm (Switts) and CaprimulgidcB (Night-jare),
including 2 types (Hemiprocne biscutata, and Chcetura cinereiventris), and
5 species new to the collection. Purchased. [90. 2. 18, 1-196.]

2 H 2

468 Zoology.

154 specimens of Picarian birds (Motmots, Todies, Kingfisbers,
Trogons), including tbe type of Mamotus micrastephantu. Purcbased.
[90. 4. 20, 1-164.]

266 specimens of Psittaci (Parrots), including 7 types (Canurus
holochrouSf C. rubritorqites, C. rhodogcuter, Chrysotis aaUmif Urochroma
sHctopteraf U. deUctissima\ and 4 species new to tbe collection.
Purcbased. [90.6.1,1-266].

71 specimens of Oalhulidm (Jacnmars), including 5 types {UrogaXba
amazonum, Oalbula nifoviridis^ G, mdanogeniat (/. inomata^
G. ftUvivmtris). Purcbased. [90. 8. 12, 1-71.]

137 specimens of Bucconidm (Puff-birds), including 5 types (JBucco
nopeiMts, B. leucocriuus^ B. ptdmentum^ MaiaooptUa inomatoty NonntUa
h^nnea). Purcbased. [90. 8. 28, 1-137.]

26 eggs of various biras (^Struthio mdybdophaneSf Casuarius wester-
manni, Chauna chavaria, etc.). Presented. [91. 6. 21, 1-26.]

58 birds from Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, collected by
Dr. F. Wifliington. Purcbased. [92. 6. 59, 1-68.]

Tbis collection was described by Dr. Sclater in tbe Ibis for 1888
(pp. 461-473).

16 birds from tbe West Indies, collected by Mr. W. B. Ricbardson.
Purcbased. [93.12.16,1-16.]

6 birds rrom Adis Abeba, Abyssmia, collected by tbe late
Oapt. Welby. Presented. [1901.1.28,1-6.]

Contained a specimen of Turaau donaldsoniy previously only known
from Somali Land.

6 specimens of Golies in spirit from Soutb Africa. Presented.
[1905. 6. 17, 1-6.]

Dr. Sclater was for more tban forty years tbe Secretary of tbe
Zoological Society of London. He took office, on tbe retirement of
Mr. D. W. Mitchell, wbo bad accepted tbe post of Director of tbe
''Jardin d*Acclimatation ** in Paris. Tbe affairs of tbe Zoological
Society were tben at a low ebb, but by tbe efficient management and
entbusiasm of the new Secretary tbe Society was re-constituted, and a
career of ever-increasing success was inaugurated. It is needless to
allude to the fame of tbe Society, since Dr. Sclater became its Secretary,
as tbe proof is patent in tbe volumes of the 'Proceedings' and
* Transactions ' since the year 1869 to the present time. A Memoir by
Professor G. Brown Goode, recording " the published writings of Philip
Lutley Sclater, 1844-1896," appeared in the last-named year as " Bulletin
No. 49 of the United States National Museum.** At that date bis
contributions to zoological literature amounted to 1297 ! The memoir by
Professor Brown Goode gives a full synopsis of Dr. Sclater's work, a
wonderful example of a man's energy ; equally remarkable have been his
extreme kindness and encouragement to the young men commencing
their scientific career. There are many men now living, besides myself,
wbo can testify to the assistance which was freely offered to us by
Dr. Sclater, when we were putting our first footstep on the ladder.

He was bom in 1829 at Tangier House in Hampshire, educated at
Winchester College, whence he went to Oxford, here meeting Hugh E.
Strickland, who was Reader in Geology to the University. Strickland
became bis instructor, and a close friendship resulted between the two
men, continued up to Strickland's untimely death. A joint paper on
the birds of Damara Land appeared in the *' Contributions to Orni-
thology " for 1852. It was by Strickland's advice that Sclater took up
the study of American birds, and after some few papers on British species

Birds. 469

as obeerved by bim in Hampshire, near the family seat at Boddington
and in the neighbourhood of Odiham, he commenced his work on the
Tanagers in 1850. Since that time he has written a continued series of
memoirs and papers on Neotropical birds, and he got together a splendid
collection of Fasseres from that region. This coUection was purchased
by the Trustees of the British Museum, when Dr. Sclater agreed to write
some of the volumes of the " Catalogue of Birds." The great number of
types in the collection rendered this one of the most valuable acquisitions
ever made by the National Museum.

In addition to the separate memoirs and papers, now amounting to
some 1,300 in number, Dr. Sclater has published many important books,
the best known of which are the " Argentine Ornithology " (with Mr. W. H.
Hudson) and " Exotic Ornithology ." The latter work was written in collabo-
ration with the late Osbert Salvin, who for many years was joint-author
with Dr. Sclater of a long series of memoirs dealing with Neotropical
Ornithology. It must not be supposed, however, that the latter subject
alone occupied Dr. Sclater's energy, for he has written on many other
subjects, and has been prominently connected with all the recent
expeditions which have been promoted either by the Government, or the
Boyal Geographical Society, or the British Association. He was the editor
of the first series of the Ibis from 1859-1864 and with the exception
of the second and third series (1865-1875), he has been joint-editor down
to the present time. For a full and complete account of Dr. Sclater's
career, the reader is referred to Prof. Brown Goode's memoir, already
noticed.

See also • Who's Who,' 1905, p. 1434.

Scott-EUiott.

See Elliott.

Scott (G. Firth).

19 birds from South- Western Australia. Presented. [1904. 7. 14,
1-9 ; 1905. 11. 19, 1-10.]

Scott (Sir SAMUEL Edward), Bart.

58 birds from New Zealand. Presented. [95. 3. 15, 1-58].
C/. * Who's Who,' 1905, p. 1440.

Scott (W. E. D.).

See Peinoetok Museum, N. J.
When Curator of the Princeton Museum, New Jersey, Mr. Scott
TiBited England and exchanged a valuable collection of duplicate eggs
from his museum for a large series of bird skins from the British
Museum. His life has been a very adventurous one, especially for a man
who was delicate and afflicted with lameness. He made large collections
of birds in Arizona, Colorado, and Florida, as well as in many of the
Eastern States of North America. The history of his life is told in his
interesting " Story of a Bird-Lover " (New York, 1903).

ScuUy (Dr. J.).

63 birds from Gilgit. Presented. [81. 2. 25, 1-33; 81. 7. 12,
1-30.]

An important memoir on the birds of Gilgit was published in the
•Ibis' for 1881 (pp. 415-453, 567-594). Dr. Scully's donations

470 Zoology.

contained specimens of Anorihura auhmirienns and FringUlauda
iordida, new to the Museum collection.

60 birds from Nepal. [81. 3. 19, 1-60].

These specimens were duplicates from the collection made by
Dr. Scully during his residence at Khatmandu in Nepal. The rest of
the series obtained at this time was given to Mr. Hume, and came into
the Museum with that gentleman's collection in 1885.

29 Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia) from Yarkand [83. 6. 6, 1-29.]

Seale (Alyin).

26 birds. Purchased. [97.10.25,1-26.]

Seebohm (Henby).

27 birds from Norway and the Petchora River. Presented. [76. 3. 22,
3. 29.1 (c/. Seebohm, Ibis, 1876. pp. 105-126, 215-230, 289-311, 434-
466, pis. v., vii.).

23 birds from Heligoland. [76. 10. 17, 8-21 ; 76. 11. 29, 1-9.]

For an account of Mr. Seebbhm's visit to Heligoland, in which I had

the good fortune to accompany him and Mr. Francis Nicholson, cf. Ibis,

1877, pp. 156-165.

20 Warblers and Flycatchers from the Petchora River, the Tenesei

River, Heligoland, etc. Presented. [78. 12. 23, 1-16 ; 78. 12. 31, 15-19.]

61 birds from various localities. Presented and exchanged. [79. 2. 3,
1-4; 79. 3. 8, 1-6; 79. 3. 14, 1-17; 79. 3. 24, 1-3; 79. 11. 13, 1-6;
81. 2. 24, 1-16.]

41 Thrushes (Turdidm). Presented. [81. 2. 24, 16-56.]

In 1880 Mr. Seebohm commenced to write the fifth voliune of the
'* Catalogue of Birds," and gave many specimens to the British Museum.

190 specimens of Timdiidm (Babbling-Thrushes) from the Himalayas,
China, etc. Presented. [82. 3. 1, 1-190.]

3 specimens of Pallas^ Sea-Eagle {Haliaetxu pelagicus). [85. 4. 19,

Th

These form part of the mounted group of this great Sea-Eagle in the
Bird Gallery.

480 Accipitres and Striges (Birds of Prey). Presented. [86. 3. 25,
1-463; 86.11.18,1-17.]

In the year 1886 Mr. Seebohm determined to present to the British
Museum all the large birds in his collection, finding a want of space in his
private house for big skins. Among the Accipitrine types given in 1886
were those of Aquila amurensiSf Swinhoe, JdUvus palustriSy A. Anderson,
Cerchneis pekinensis, Swinhoe, Ketupa ma^nifioa^ Swinhoe, Athene
plumipes, Swinhoe, Scops glabripes^ Swinhoe, 8. urnbrctUlU, Swinhoe,
Olawkdium pardcUotum, Swinhoe, Strixpithcccps^ Swinhoe.

17 Hawks and Owls, including the type of Spilomis ruther/anh,
Swinhoe. Presented. [86. 11. 18, 1-17.]

7 birds from Japan, the Caucasus, etc., including 4 species new to
the collection. Presented. [87. 8. 16, 1-7.1

539 Cuckoos (Cucult) from various localities, including the types of
Cuculus kdungensiSf Swinh., and C, monosyUahicus^ Swinh. Presented.
[87. 12. 19, 1-539.]

87 Petrels (Frocdlariidm), including the type of the Oceanodroma
monorhis (Swinhoe). Presented. [87. 12. 19, 540-675.1

36 specimens from Pinetown, Natal, collected by Mr. T. L. Ayres.
Presented. [88. 3. 11, 1-36.]

Birds. 471

85 specimens of Starlings, including the type of Acridoiheres UamensiSf
Swinhoe. Presented. [88. 7. 10, 1-85.]

18 Gbime-birds from the Futtegurh district, in Northern India,
collected by the late Andrew Anderson. Presented. [88. 8. 1, 1-18.]

Mr. Anderson was a first-rate field-naturalist, as was abundantly
evidenced by the essays which he wrote, and by the collection which he
made. This collection was purchased by Mr. Seebohm, and was of great
serrice to him in his exchange with the St. Petersburg Museum, whereby
the British Museum benefited to such a wonderful extent by the Seebohm
Bequest. At the time of his death, bis collection of Pakearctic birds was
one of the most celebrated in the world, and contained a number of
specimens from the collections made by Kussian travellers, Przewalski,
oevertzow, Russow, and others.

60 birds from Turkestan. Presented. [88. 12. 30, 1-60.1

Many iuterestiug species were given by Mr. Seebohm on this occasion,
amongst them being examples of Phasianus vlangdi and P. strawhij both
new to the collection.

21 specimens of Barbets (Capitonidm), including the types of Cyanops
nuchalis (Gould), and C./aber (Swinhoe). Presented. [89. 2. 1, 1-21.J

174 specimens of Pigeons (Columbidm). Presented. [89. 3. 2, 1-174.]

Among the types of Pigeons presented by Mr. Seebohm at this date
were those of Afacrapygia minor, Swinhoe \= M, swinhoei, Wardlaw
Kamsay] , Chalcophaps formosanaj Swinhoe \<f. Salvad., Gat. B., xxi.,
p. 514), Treron Bororius, Swinhoe, T. /ormosm, Swinhoe, Osmotreron
domuilleij Swinhoe.

104 specimens of Flootidm (Weaver-birds and Weaver-Pinches, includ-
ing the type of Munia formosana and M. topela, Swinhoe). Presented.
[89. 3. 15, 1-104.]

41 specimens of Pigeons, Cuckoos, etc. Presented. [89. 3. 16, 1-41.]

4 species of Woodpeckers {Picidm) new to the Collection, being the
types of FiaiB noguchii, Seebohm, Ivngipicus daerriesi, Hargitt, and
/. ntgreacens, Seebohm. [89. 5. 1, 1-4.J

21 specimens of Weaver-Birds, etc. Presented. [89. 5. 21, 1-21.]

287 specimens of Larks {Alaudidm). Presented. [90. 1. 29, 1-287.]
Included the following types from the Swinhoe collection, QaleHta
leauiungensiSf Swinhoe, Alauda intermedia, Swinhoe, A, pekinensis,
Swinhoe, A. ccelivox, Swinhoe, A. wattersi, Swinhoe, A, sola, Swinhoe,
Mirafra parva, Swinhoe, Calandrella chdeensis, Swinhoe.

79 specimens of Kingfishers (Alcedinidm), Presented. [90. 10. 6,
1-8; 90.11.4,1-71.]

44 specimens of Hoopoes, Rollers, and Barbets. Presented. [90. 12.
10, 1-25 ; 91. 4. 20, 1-17.] Included specimens of the Mountain Barbet
(Cyanops montieola) from Mt. Eina Balu, N.W. Borneo, new to the
collection.

177 specimens of Gulls and Terns (Laridss), Presented. [92. 5. 4,
1-120; 94.1.6,1-57.]

1,013 specimens of Wading-birds (Charadrii/ormes), Presented.
[92. 8. 1, 1-408 ; 92. 8. 3, 1-545.] Of. Seebohm, Geogr. Dist. Otara-
driidx, 1888.

3 specimens of Pigeons, new to the collection (Columba nitens,
C. versicolor). Presented. [92. 11. 23, 1-3.]

370 specimens of Herons (Ardeiformes), Waders (Charadriiformes),
and Rails (Balli/ormes), including the type of Ortygops exquisita.
Presented. [93. 1. 25, 1-289; 94. 1. 20, 1-81.]

5 specimens of birds, three new to the collection IGrus nigricoUis,

472 Zoology.

TetraophoM szechenyi, BhinoptHus seebohmi (type)]. Presented. [93. 5.
1, 1-2 ; 93. 11. 24, 1 ; 93. 12. 21, 1-2.]

3 specimeM of Rollers (Caraciidm). Presented. [93. 12. 13, 1-3,]

122 specimens of Waders (Cfharadriiformes) and Owls (Strigiformei\
including the type of CwrsorivA 8omalen&i$. Presented. [94. 2. 19,
1-122.]

354 specimens of Ducks {Arueri/ormes), including the type of
Nettapus koptchi, Swinhoe (= N. ooromanddiana (Grm.), cf, Salvad.,
Cat. B., xxviL, p. 68). [94. 8. 12, 1-354.]

60 specimens of Grebes (Podicipedi/ormes) and Wading-Birds (C%ara-
drii/ormes). Presented. [94. 9. 1, 2-551.] Includes the type of Bhinop-
tilus hartingi.

18 specimens of Owls from Japan and Formosa. Presented. [94. 12.
23, 1-18.]

46 Petrels {ProceUarxiformes^ and Gulls and Terns {Lar%formes\
from the Gulf of the Amur, and the Kurile and Bonin Islands. {Cf.
Seebohm. Ibis, 1890, pp. 95-108). Presented. [95. 3. 7, 1-21 ; 95. 5.
14, 1-25.]

Mr. S^bohm died on the 26th of November, 1895, and bequeathed his
collection of birds to the British Museum.

827 specimens of Wading-Birds (Charadritforfnes) and Game-Birds
{GMiforrMt). Seebohm Bequest [96. 1. 1, 1-827.]

Among the Giune-birds were the types of several species described by
Swinhoe and Seebohm himself. These were as follows: — Arboricola
bamhuasSf Swinh. {= Bambusicola thoracico^ Tenim., cf. Grant, Cat. B.,
xxii., p. 258), Crossoptdum leticurum^ Swinhoe, C. mantchuricum^
Swinhoe, Oreoperdix crudigtUarU, Swinh., Fucrcuia darwini, Swinhoe,
Phasianus principalis^ Sclater, P. tamowskii^ Seebohm ( = P. zercfscha-
nicuSf Tamowski, cf. Grant, Cat. B., xxii., p. 326), P. deoollatus^
Swinhoe, CcUlophatia eUioiif Swinhoe.

230 skeletons of Birds. Seebohm Bequest. [96. 2. 16, 1-230.]

84 Swifto {Cypidt) and 23 birds from Mt. Kina Balu. iSeebohm
Bequest. r96. 4. 4, 1-107.]

Included in this donation were the types of Oypaelus pekinensisy
Swinhoe, C, iinus^ Swinhoe (= Tachomis ir^umata, Scl., cf. Hartert,*
Cat B., xvi., p. 467).

12 mounted birds for the public gallery. Seebohm Bequest. [1896.
5. 10 1-9 : 1896. 5. 24, 1-3.]

15 birds from Formosa, collected by Mr. P. A. Hoist. Seebohm
Bequest [96. 5. 2, 1-15.] Cf Seebohm, Ibis, 1896, p. 211.

1031 specimens of Twdidm (Thrushes). Seebohm Bequest. [96. 6.
1, 1-1031.]

5 species new to the Collection. Types of OeocicMa aurcUa, Sharpe,
G. dixoni, Seebohm, Mervla soanthosceliSf Jard., M. mareenaist Layard,
M. pritztmerij Layard, M. tempestiy Layard, M. bicolor, Layard, M.
aihicepst Swinhoe, Jli. aeebohmi, Sharpe, M. vanuensis^ Seebohm {:=M.
vitiensiSf Layard, cf Sharpe in Seebohm's Monogr. Turdidm^ ii., p. 133),
M. layardi, Seebohm.

1350 Wading-Birds {Charadriiformei\ including the types of VanelluB
occidetUdliSy Harting, [= Bdenopterus diilensiSj MoL] (cf Sharpe, Cat
B.,xxiv., p. 165), and JEgicditis dealbcUus, Swinhoe IE. alexandrina(L.y
cf Sharpe, t.c., p. 275], Seebohm Bequest [96. 6. 2, 1-51 ; 96. 7. 1, 1-1299.]

lliis was an especially valuable donation, as it consisted of the
material on which Seebohm founded his great work on the '* Geographical
Distribution of the Charadriidm" (Sotheran & Co., 1888). The founda-

Birds. 473

tion of this work was the collection of Wading Birds formed by Mr. J. E.
Harting, which was purchased by Mr. Seebohm.

93 specimens of Pelecanifonnes (Cormorants, Divers, etc.), Seebohm
Bequest. [1896, 10. 1, 1-93.]

663 specimens of CorSidm, Oriolidm, Dicruridm, Frionopidm.
Seebohm Bequest [97. 6. 1, 1-663.]

In this series of Crows and allied families were the types of Carane
colonorum, Swinhoe [= C levaillanti. Less. (c/. Sharpe, Cat. B., iii.,
p. 39], Uroc%$8a brtvivexillaj Swinhoe [= CT. erythrorhynchaf Gm. (cf,
Sharpe, *.c., p. 71)] ; Oriolus ardens (Swinhoe) ; 0. nigdlicauda
(Swinhoe) ; Cnaptia brauniana (Swinhoe) ; Buchanga innexa, (Swin-
hoe); Pinarolestes maximus (Layard); P. macrorhynchus (Layard);
P. compresnrostris (Layard); P.fortunm (Layard).

1106 specimens of Campopikagidm and Mwcioapidm, Seebohm
Bequest [97.7.2,1-1106.]

In this series were types of the following species, Ariamtdes reoD^ineti^
Swinhoe, Fericrocotus fratei'culuSf Swinhoe, P. oantonenHSf Swinhoe,
Mtucicapa griseistictaj Swinhoe, Bhipidwra bulgeriy Layard, Myiagra
azureicapUlaj Layard, Cryptolopha ftUvifacies (Swinhoe), Niltava vivida
(Swinhoe).

657 specimens of Herons, Ghinnets, Auks, etc. Seebohm Bequest
[97. 10. 30, 1-657.]

The types of the following species are included, Ardetta eurythma^
Swinhoe, Ardeola prcuinoscdis, »winhoe [= Ardeola hacchus, Bp. (cf.
Sharpe, Cat B., xxvi., p. 211)], Eerodias eulophotes, Swinhoe, Tantcuus
longimembris, Swinhoe 1= Fseudotanialus leucocephalus (Forst.); cf,
Sharpe, Cat B., xxvi., p. 323], RciUina mandarinoy Swinhoe [= Limno-
bmnm payktUli (Ljungh.) ; cf, Sharpe, Cat B., xxiii., p. 149.]

2570 Warblers and Chats [Vol. V. of the "Catalogue of Birds."
Seebohm Bequest. [98. 9. 1, 1-2570.]

The following types were included, Fhylloscopus scanthodrycu,
Swinhoe ; P. hurmanictu, Brooks ; P. tendlipeSf Swinhoe ; P. mandellii,
Brooks; AcrocephcHus histrigiceps, Swinhoe; A. sorgophUus, Swinhoe;
Locustella macropus, Swinhoe [= i. lanceolata (Temm.), (cf, Seebohm
Cat B., v., p. 118]; Cettia minuta (Swinhoe); C. rohustipes, Swinhoe
[= C fortipes (Hodgs.), ((/. Seebohm, <.c., p. 136]; C. canturiens
(Swinhoe); C. usswiana^ Seebohm; Monticola grdaris (Swinhoe);
Saxicola montana^ Grould.

86 s];)ecimens collected by Mr. John Whitehead on Mt. Kina Balu in
N.W. Borneo. Seebohm Bequest. [98. 9. 12, 1-86.]

Mr. Seebohm purchased the second series of Mr. Whitehead's Kina
Balu collections, the first set, with all the types of the new species,
having been acquired by the Hon. Walter Rothschild for the Tring
Museum. Many species, new to the British Museum, were included in
the Seebohm Bequest

1257 specimens of Sunbirds {Nectariindm\ White-eyes (Zosteropidm)^
and Meliphagidm. Seebohm Bequest. [98. 9. 30, 1-1091.]

Among the t3rpe8 of these families of birds were those of Cinnyris
rhizophorsB (Swinhoe) ; Zozterops simplex^ Swinhoe ; Z, suhrosed, Swinhoe ;
Z. erythropleura, Swinhoe; Z, inomatOy L. and L. C. Layard; and
Z. minuta^ E. L. and L. C. Layard ; Ftilotis similis, Layard ; Myzomela
splendiday Layard.

365 specimens of Bulbuls (Fycnonotidm), Wrens (Troglodytidm), and
Dippers (Cinclida), Seebohm Bequest. [98. 10. 2, 1-365.]

In this series were the types of Cfhloropns lazulina (Swinhoe) ; Hypsi-

474 Zoology.

petes pemiger, Swinhoe ; J7. nigerrimm^ Gould ; H, niveieeps, Swinhoe
[ = -^. leucocephaHa (Gm.). Cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., vi., p. 41] ; Ixus andersoni,
Swinhoe [= iPycnonotus axinthorrhotts, Anderson. Cf. Snarpe, Cat. B., vi.,
p. 139] ; i'. hainamis, Swinhoe ; also the type-specimens of the S. Kilda
Wren, Anorthura hirtensis^ Seebohm.

139 specimens of Laniidm. Seebohm Bequest. [98. 10. 4,
1-139.]

Contained the type of Lanius melanthes, Swinhoe.
1039 specimens of Babblers {Timeliidm) and Accentors {Accentoridx),
Seebohm Bequest. [98. 10. 3, 1-1039.]

Among these were types of the following species : Myicphoneus insu-
larisy Gould ; Lamprolia minor, Layard ; Drymaca pehinenHs, Swinh. ;
Megalurus pryert, Seebohm; 8uya striata, Swinh. [=5. criniyera,
Hodgs. ; (if. Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 177] ; Prinia sonitans, Swinh. ;
Henicurus leucoschistus, Swinh. [= JI, sckistaceus, Hodgs. ; c/l Sharpe,
Cat B., vii., p. 315] ; Fterorhinus davidi, Swinh. ; Trochalopterum
taivanum (Swinh.) ; Malacias auricularis (Swinh.) ; Pomatarhinus musi-
€us, Swinh.; P. nigrostellatus, Swinh.; P. stridulus, Swinh. [ = P. n*/f-
collis, Hodgs. ; cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 426] ; P. styani, Seebohm ;
P, erythroctiemis, Gould ; Oarrulax rvficeps, Gould ; Dryonastes pctcilo-
rhynchus (Gould) ; Oarrulax picticoUis, Swinh. ; O. rugillatus, Swinh. ;
Dryonastes sannio (Swinh.) ; Suthora hulomachus, Swinh. ; 8, suffusa,
Swinh.; 8. fuivicauda, CampheW; 8. longioauda, Campbell l=:8.mani-
churica, Tacz. ; cf, Sharpe, Hand-list B., iv., p. 70]; Stachyrdopsis
prmcognitus, Swinh. [= /S. ruficeps, Blyth ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., vii.,
1>. 698] ; Staphidia torqueola (Swinh.) ; Alcippe morrisonia, Swinh. ;
Herpomis tyrannulus, Swinh. ; Cisticola volitans, Swinh. [= (7. exilis.
Vigors and Horsf. ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 269].

1297 specimens of Swallows (Eirundintdm) and Wagtails and Pipits
(MotaciUidm), Seebohm Bequest. [98. 10. 20, 1-1297.J

Many types of species were included in this series, including those of
Cliclidon whiteleyi, Swinhoe [=C. lagopus (PaU.); qf. Sharpe, Cat. B.,
X., p. 931; C, hlakisUmi, Swinh. [= C. dasypus, Bp.; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B.,
X., p. 90] ; Hirundo scuilyi, Seebohm ; M^acilla ocularis, Swinhoe ; M.
japonica, Swinhoe; M, hlakistoni, Seebohm y= M. lugens, Kittl.; qf.
Sharpe, Cat. B., x., p. 474]; M.felix, Swinhoe; M. amurensis, Seebohm;
Jli. scehuenensis, Swinhoe ; M, francisci, Swinhoe [= Jf. Uucopsis, Gould.
Cf. Sharpe, i.c., p. 482] ; M. taivana, Swinhoe ; M. xanthophrys, Sharpe ;
Anthus hlakistoni, Swinhoe; A.gustavi, Swinhoe.

1875 specimens of Finches and Buntings {FHngHlidm). Seebohm
Bequest. [98.11.1,1-1875.]

Including types of the following species : FringiUa kitUitzi, Seebohm ;
Erythrospiza mongolica (Swinhoe) ; Loxia albiventris, Swinhoe ; Pyrrhu-
lorhyncha pyrrhulina (Swinhoe) ; Ernberiza canescens, Swinhoe ; M. yesso-
ensis (Swinhoe) ; E. degantula, Swinhoe.

379 specimens of Starlings (Stumidse), Weaver-birds (Ploceidss), and
Larks (Alaudidm). Seebohm Bequest. [98. 11. 10, 1-379.1

Among the type-specimens in this series are those of Aplonis vitiensis,
Layard ; and Erythrura cyaneifrons, Layard.

68 specimens from various countries of the Palsearctic Region. Seebohm
Bequest. [98. IL 14, 1-68.]

757 specimens of Picarian Birds, Bails, etc. Seebohm Bequest.
[98. 12. 2, 1-757.]

Includes types of Platycercus taviunensis, Layard; P. koroensis,
Layard ; P. hohbsi, Tristram; Caprimulgus stictonus, Swinhoe [= (7.

Birds. 475

monticda^ Frankl. ; cf. Hartert, Gat. B., xvi., p. 547] ; Ballinaformo&ana,
Seebohm [cf. Seebohm, Ibis, 1896, p. 210].

Henry Seebohm was one of the raost eothusiastic naturalists that ever
lived, and one of the best field-ornithologists in his day. He was a successful
maoufactarer in ShefiBeld, and devoted his spare time to the study of
ornithology, and acquiring the knowledge of the habits of our native birds,
which resulted later on in his ** History of British Birds " (1883-85).
After a recovery from smallpox, he was ordered by his medical adviser to
go abroad for a season. The idea of leaving his business was distasteful to
him, but the doctor's orders being imperative, he went to the Mediterranean,
and did much useful work in Greece and Asia Minor, travelling with the
veteran ornithologist. Dr. Kriiper. This was the commencement of a
series of ornithological expeditions. He went to Norway, Russia, Holland,
and Northern Germany. On his expedition to Heligoland in 1876 he
asked me to accompany him, and I experienced one of the most exciting
and interesting episodes of my life.

In 1875, Seebohm went to the Petchora Valley in N.E. Russia in
company with his friend J. A. Harvie Brown, and found the eggs of the
Grey Plover (Squataroia helvetica)^ the Little Stint CIAmonitea minuta),
and other rare birds. (See his book "Siberia in Europe," 1880.) In
1877, in company with Captain Wiggins, who died but a few months ago,
Seebohm departed on his adventurous journey to the Yenesci River, a
description ot which is to be found in his work " Siberia in Asia " (1882).
When he had made up his mind to publish a work on the Plovers and
Snipes and their geographical distribution, finding many questions to be
solved regarding their moults and winter quarters, he went to South
Africa to study the problems for himself. His heart, however, was with
the birds of the Pakearctic Region, and after the purchase of Mr. EUirry
Pryer's collection of Japanese birds, and sending Mr. Hoist to explore the
Japanese islands, he published his book on the " Birds of the Japanese
Empire *' in 1890.

Seebohm's intimate acquaintance with the Thrushes, Warblers, and
Chats led Dr. Gunther to ask him to write the fifth volume of the
" Catalogue of Birds,** and his work was excellent His untimely death
prevented him from completing the Monograph of the Thrushes which he
had contemplated, and of which he had prepared but a fragment of the
text. All the plates, however, were drawn and coloured at the time of
his death, and I endeavour^ to supply the letterpress ai I believe my
friend would have written it himself.

For an obituary notice and an excellent account of his life-work, cf.
Ibis, 1896, pp. 159-162.

Seebohm (E. Victor).

Son of Henry Seebohm. He was fond of travelling, and during his
various expeditions he collected some interesting birds and eggs for his
father's collection.

Seloos (F. Courtenay).

21 birds from Matabele Land. Preseated. [96. 10. 9, 1-21.]
16 birds from Potchefstroom, Transvaal. Presented. [99. 6. 26, 1-16.]
This well-known traveller and naturalist found time during his
expeditions after big Game to collect a few birds for the Museum.
Cf. • Who's Who,' 1905, p. 1446.

476 Zoology.

Bennett (G. B.).

9 birds from Arizona. Presented. [86. 3-4, 1-9].
12 birds from Texas. Presented. [86. 7. 7, 22-33.]
During a visit to Europe, this excellent naturalist spent some time at
the British Museum and went with Edward Hargitt ana myself to study
at the Leyden Museum. His work in Texas was most important. For
an account of bis life and work, see the ' Auk ' for 1900, p. 193.

Seoane (Dr. Yictob Lopez).

44 birds from Galicia, Spain. Presented. [94. 5. 30, 1-22 ; 94. 6. 8,
1-4; 99.9.5,1-18].

So few specimens have reached the Museum from the north of Spain,
that Dr. Seoane*s donations were much appreciated. His views on natural
history subjects were sometimes rather eccentric, as, for instance, when
he issued in 1894 a description of a supposed new Woodpecker {Gecinus
viridis gcUiciensia), and attached to it the date of publication as 1870 —
or fourteen years earlier than the paper really appeared. By this means
his intention was evidently to ante-date Mr. Howard Saunders' description
of Otcinus sharpei, published in 1871. [Cy. Sharpe, Zool. Bee., vol. xxxi.,
p. 38, 1894.]

8eth-8mith (D.).

A nestling of Fhapa etegaiuAied in confinement Presented. [1904.
8. 1, 1.]

A young Tinamou {Crypturus ttUaupa), died in confinement. Pre-
sented. [1904. 6. 29, 1.]

Severtzoflf (Dr. N.).

See Mekzbieb, Fro/. M.

Seymour (Percy).

3 (Estrelata gtUaris from Preservation Inlet^ New Zealand. Purchased.
[1904. 7. 27, 1-^.]

Shanghai Museum.

53 specimens from China. Presented. [77. 1. 23, 1-53].
Two species were new to the Museum, viz., Otis dyhowskii and Fulix
haeri.

Sharp (Hbnby).

1 Pintail (imuL), and 5 Knotfl from Lincolnshire. Presented. [1904.
8. 3, 1-6.]

Sharpe {Sir Alfred), KC.M.O.

574 specimens from Nyasa Land. Presented. [96. 2. 9, 1-37 ; 98.
5. 1, 1-238; 1900. 1. 20, 1-87 ; 1902. 7. 12, 1-91 ; 1902. 11. 12, 1-121 ;
1905. 1. 23, 1-162].

160 birds from Nyasaland. Presented. [1905. 1. 23, 1-160.]

Sir Alfred Sharpe succeeded Sir Harry Johnston as Commissioner of
British Central Africa. Like his predecessor, he has interested himself in
the natural history of the Colony, and his collections have been described
by Capt. G. E. Shelley, the well-known authority on African birds, in the
•Ibis' from, 1896 to 1905. Qf. SheUey, 'Ibis,' 1896, pp. 229-241,
1898, pp. 551-557, 1901, pp. 161-177. Cf. also Sdater, P.Z.S., 1900,
pp. 1-3.

The following new species were discovered by Mr. Alexander Whyte

Birds. 477

and Mr. McClounie, the QovcnimeDt collectors in British Central Africa,
and presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe : Otyphantes sharpei^ Amydrus nyasm^
Cymdus (H/redi,

Of. also * Who's Who/ 1905, p. 1454.

Sharpe (R. Bowdleb), LL.D.

See al90 Gebbabd, E.

164 birds, mostly from parts of the Palsdarctic Region. Presented.
[72. 10. 3, 1-20; 72. 10. 17, 1-92; 72. 10. 29, 1-4; 72. 11. 4,24-63 ;
72. 11. 18, 1-2 ; 72. 11. 23, 7-10; 72. 12. 21, 2-3.]

Specimens from Scotland, Pagham Harbour, Sussex, Archangel,
Turkey, etc.

14 birds from Natal and the Transvaal, collected by Mr. T. Ayres.
Presented. [72.10.25,1-14.]

The above-mentioned series of birds was intended for my private
collection, but arriving shortly after my appointment to the Museum, was
presented to the latter.

82 birds, chiefly from the Transvaal. Presented. [73. 1. 23, 1-22;
73. 10. 13, 1-9.]

17 birds from Belgium, Germany, S. Russia, etc. Presented. [73. 5.
5,8-24.]

44 birds from Cookham, Berkshire. Presented. [73. 5. 5, 1-7;
73. 9. 13, 6-15 ; 74. 4. 15, 1-27.]

The collection of skins of European birds in the Museum was a very
poor one in 1872, when I first held office, and much of my vacation
was spent in getting together a series of British specimens from Cookham,
where my family lived at the time, from Pagham Harbour in Sussex
(before it was reclaimed from the sea), and at Avington Park, Hampshire,
the seat of my old friend Sir Edward Shelley. Here Capt. G. E. Shelley
and I made considerable collections of birds from 1871 to 1886.

6 specimens from various localities, including an example of Sphenisciu
mendictUus from the Galapagos. Presented. [73. 9. 11, 1 ; 73. 9. 13,
16-18, 29-30.]

44 birds from Denkera in the interior of the Gold Coast, collected by
Mr. St. Thomas David Aubinn, a native hunter. Presented. [73. 5. 24,
1-44.]

28 specimens, mostly of Accipitres, from Central America. Presented.
[73. 5. 28, 1-28.]

29 specimens, mostly Wading-birds from Pagham Harbour. Presented.
[73. 6. 4, 1-29.]

26 specimens from Greenland, New Zealand, etc. Presented. [73. 6. 5.
1-26.]

57 specimens from Cookham, mounted by Mr. W. Briggs (vide antea).
Presented. [73.6.9,1-57.]

This was the collection of birds made by myself when a boy at Cookham.

10 specimens of Accipitres from Darjiling, collected by Major Sharpe,
and sold at Stevens' sale-rooms. Presented. [73. 7. 3, 1-10.]

I have never found out who my name-sake was, and he was unknown
to Mr. Hume, but he had a fine collection of Himalayan birds, from which
I procured some of the Accipitres, in which Order of birds I have always
taken a great interest. One of the specimens obtained on this occasion is
the type of Aquila murina of Sushkin.

A specimen oiMilvago carunctdatus, new to the collection. Presented.
[73. 7. 4, 1.]

15 specimens of Accipitres, Presented. [73. 7. 8, 1-18.]

478 Zoology.

7 specimens from various localities, including a specimen of Pitta
sanghirensis. Presented. [73. 7. 19, 10-16.1

69 specimens from Mombasa, collected "by the Rev. T. Wakefield.
Presented. [73. 9. 9, 1-69.]

This collection was described by me in the * Proceedings ' of the
Zoological Society for 1873 (pp. 710-716, pi. Iviii.). Types of two species
(Treron wah^ldi and Brady omU suhahris) were include»l.

3 Hawks and an Owl from Darjiling, collected by Major Sharpe.
Presented. [73. 9. 15, 8-11.]

42 specimens, collected near Bangkok, on the Natmia Islands, in
China, and Japan, by Captain Conrad. Presented. [73. 10. 20, 9-60.]

This collection was described by Dr. Otto Finsch and Capt. Conrad.
(Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, xxiii., pp. 341-360.)

194 birds from Damara Land, collected by C. J. Andersson. Presented.
[73. 10. 20, 51-244.]

This was the last collection sent by Mr. Andersson to this country. I
discovered it among the stores of Mr. Higgins' Asency in Bloomsbury
Street, and purchased it from him. There were idso a few skins from
Lake N'gami, collected l^ Chapman.

29 specimens from ALstdagascar, Mauritius, and Reunion. Presented.
[73. 10. 25, 1-29.]

40 birds from Avington, Hampshire. Presented. [73. 11. 17, 1-14 ;
73. 11. 26, 9-34.1

4 specimens from Fantee. Presented. [73. 11. 26, 1-4.]

A Griffon YvltureCOyps/ulvuB) from S. Spain, and a Ground Hombill
{Bucorax ca/er) from S. Africa. Presented. [73. 12. 26, 15-16.]

30 specimens of Accipitres from Tburingia and S. Africa. Presented.
[73. 12. 31, 1-3; 74. 3. 14, 1-27.]

These specimens were presented to me by Professor Peters, the
Director of the Berlin Museum, in exchange for some African birds I
gave to the latter Institution.

2 Wheatears {Saxicola leticorrhoa) and 6 Birds of Prey, including
2 Greenland Jerfalcons (Hiero/alco candicans) ajud 2 Holboell's Jerfalcons.
Presented. [74. L 14, 1-8.]

176 birds, in spirit, from various localities. Presented. [74. 2. 9,
1-176.]

22 specimens of Accipitrei from Demerara. Presented. [74. 3. 20,
1-22.]

72 birds from the Andamans and Nicobars. Presented. [74. 5. 13,
3-42; 74,10.26,3-34.]

These were duplicate specimens from Colonel Wardlaw Bamsay's
collection. The first set, with the types of the new species, went into ^c
collection of the Marquess of Tweeddale. At the time this donation of
mine was of great importance to the Museum, which possessed no speci-
mens from the islands of the Bay of Bengal, as may be judged from
the fact that 21 species were added to the Museum collection.

23 nests and eggs from Ross-shire, being those of Cfhrysomitria
spintu, Loxia curvirostra, and Tardus viscivorus. Presented. [74. 5. 20,
1-23.]

The eggs of the Mistle-Thrush were sent to me by my correspondent

as those of the Fieldfare (Tardus pilaris),

19 specimens from Accra. Presentea. [74. 5. 30, 1-19.]

36 Nightjars from various localities. Presented. [74. 7. 4, 6-41.]

7 specimens from Natal and a Thrush from U. S. Colombia. Presented.

[74. 9. 12, 6-12.]

Birds. 479

29 birds from Cookham, collected by me in July 1874. Presented.
[74. 8. 5, 1-29.]

61 birds from Pagham Harbour, Sussex. Presented. [74. 10. 12,
14-74.]

51 specimens from Sweden. Presented. [74. 11. 26, 1-51.]

This collection was made by Mr. W. Meves, and contained a number of
beautifuUy prepared skins of birdsi, illustrating many of the changes of
plumage. A series of Swedish birds is absolutely essential to the student
of Palsearctic Ornithology, as Linni»us was a Swede himself, and the
nanoes of his common species were founded on Swedish examples.

126 birds, nests, and eggs from the island of Labuan, collected by Sir
Hugh Low. Presented. [74. 12. 1, 1-104; 74. 12. 9, 1-17; 74. 12. 19,
1-5.]

120 birds and eggs from the neighbourhood of Constantinople, collected
by Mr. T. Robson. Presented. [75. 1. 28, 1-11; 75. 4. 27, 1-28;
75. 5. 8, 1-14 ; 75. 5. 21, 11-34; 77. 10. 11, 1-43.]

63 birds from various localities, mostly from Mr. Basil Brooke's
Sardinian collection. Presented. [75. 3. 31, 1-5 ; 75. 5. 5, 1-58.] ?

24 specimens from Kashmir. Presented. [75. 5. 29, 3-26. 1

8 specimens from Greenland. Presented. [75. 9. 18, 7-14. J

42 birds from Yarkand, collected by Colonel Chapman, including
specimens of Turdus mystacinus, Severtz., and Accentor fulvescens,
Sever tz., new to the Museum. Presented. [75. 9. 24, 1-42.]

19 specimens, mostly Wading Birds, from Muddiford Harbour, Christ-
church, Hants. Presented. [75. 10. 12, 5-19.]

86 specimens from Nazeerab, Upper Assam, collected by Reid.
Presented. [75. 10. 19, 1-86.]

34 specimens from various localities. Presented. [75. 11. 4, 6-11 ;
75. 12. 31, 1-5; 77. 5. 24, 1-18.]

12 specimens from the Astor Valley, Cashmere. Presented. [76. 12. 6,
1-12.]

43 specimens, mostly Sylviidx, from Potchefstroom, Transvaal. Pre
sented. [77. 5. 30, 1-9 ; 77. 7. 10, 1-34.]

32 birds from Aviogton, Hampshire. Presented. [77. 6. 13, 1-32.]
43 specimens, mostly Accipitres^ from various localities. Presented.

E7. 8. 16, 1-37 ; 77. 8. 28, 1-6.] The rare Harpogus fasdatus from
exico was new to the Museum.

157 birds from various localities. Presented. [77. 8. 29, 1-8 ; 77.
10. 23, 1-36; 77. 11. 17, 54-86; 77. 12. 6, 19-65; 78. 2. 13, 1-61;
78. 11. 14, 1-19.]

Several interesting species added to the Museum, Pinarolestes vittetisiSf
Ptilotis provooataTf UtUidpeta tephrocephalaf etc.

43 birds from the neighbourhood of Constantinople, collected by Mr.
W. Pearce. Presented. [77. 10. 11, 1-43.]

34 birds from the United States. Presented. [78. 1. 21, 3-36.]

46 birds from various localities. Presented. [79. 2. 20, 1-11 ; 81. 3.
11,1-10; 83.10.9,1-24.]

12 birds from Quilombo, Angola, collected by A. H. Heath. Presented.
[81. 4. 19, 1-12.]

110 birds from various localities. Presented. [81. 6. 24, 1-9;
81. 10. 25, 1-52 ; 82. 1. 10, 1-28 ; 82. 9. 17, 1-14; 83. 9. 21, 1-7.]

12 biids from Romney Marsh, etc. Presented. [83. 8. 10, 1-7;
83. 10. 8, 1-5.]

179 birds, nests, and eggs from Brighton, collected by R. B. S.,
W. Swaysland and Henry Swaysland. Presented. [83. 11. 23, 1-21|;

480 Zoology.

84. 2. 1, 1-40; 84. 4. 17, 1-12; 84. 4. 18, 1-10; 85. 1. 5, 1-11 ; 86. 1.
21,1-6; 92.7.7,1-23.]

131 birds from vanous localities. Presented. [84. 1. 30, 1-104;

84. 2. 25, 1-27.]

27 speciraens of the Pied Wagtail (MotaeiUa lugubris) from Oookham,
Brighton, etc. Presented. [84. 2. 4, 1-20.]

107 specimens of MotaciUidm (Wagtidls and Pipits). Presented.
[84. 3. 6, 1-107.]

274 birds from various localities. Presented. [84. 5. 8, 1-20 ; 84. 9.
1,19-95; 84.9.24,1-125.]

65 birds from the United States. Presented. [84. 9. 28, 1-10;
84. 10. 5, 1-55.]

147 birds from various parts of Great Britain and North America.
Presented. [84. 11. 25, 1-127 ; 84. 12. 17, 1-20.]

56 specimens, mostly from Natal. Presented. [85. 1. 3, 1-56.]

125 specimens from various localities. Presented. [85. 1. 6, 1-41 ;

85. 3. 13, 1-26 ; 85. 4. 14, 1-30 ; 85. 7. 16, 1-28.]

A great many of these were British species collected by me at
Cookham, Brighton, Romney Marsh, etc.

325 specimens from various localities, mostly Finches (FringtUidm).
Presented. [82. 8. 30, 1-123; 85. 2. 20, 1-52; 85. 11. 18, 1-98;
86.10.20,1-52.]

650 specimens from various localities, Ceylon, Malacca, South Africa,
Shoa, etc. Presented. [85. 7. 24, 1-208; 85. 9. 1, 1-248; 86. L 4,
1-12; 86. 7. 7, 1-21; 86. 9. 14, 5-10; 86. 12. 20, 1-52; 87. 5. 3,
1-104.]

Amongst these collections were some rare species new to the Museum,
such as CerchneU alopex^ Heugl., etc.

45 specimens, mostly Stumidm. Preseuted. [87. 3. 25, 1-22;
88. 8. 27, 1-23.]

19 birds from Swan River, West Australia. Presented. [88. 6. 18,
1-19.]

20 specimens of Larks (Alaudidm) from the Transvaal, Orange River
Colony, and Natal. Presented. [88. 6. 26, 1-20.]

14 birds from New Britain and Duke of York Islands. Presented.
[88. 6. 28, 1-14.]

206 Starlings ^m the neighbourhood of Brighton. Presented. [89.
1. 1, 1-206.]

When writing the 13th volume of the ** Catalogue of Birds," I made
a large collection of the Common Starling from every localitv I could
think of, in order to prove, if possible, the question of the influx of the
Siberian Starling {Stumus menzHeri) into Western Europe, and
especially its appearance in Great Britain. At Brighton I received great
assistance from the well-known naturalists, Mr. Swaysland and Mr.
Brazenor, and the bird-catchers were instructed to note the size of the
flocks out of which the specimens were obtained. No practical result
came from all this trouble and expenditure, it being impossible to
discover, during the season of migration, whether a flock of Starlings
on the Brighton Downs had arrived from the north of Europe
across the Baltic Sea, or had migrated south from the north and
middle of England. The conclusion arrived at was that, while Starlings
from Western England were apparently the true Stumus vulgaris^
indistinguishable from the typical Swedish bird, a number of those from
the east and south of England were intermediate between the true
Biurnus vulgaris and S. menzbierif being much more purple than green

Birds. 481

on the head. The inference was that the Siberian Starling, extending its
range westward, inter-bred with the ordinary 8. vulgaris of Western
Europe, and that the result was a mixture, just as iu the case of the
Carrion Crow {Corone corone) and the Hooded Crow (C comix),

24 birds from Hungary. Presented. [93. 3. 7, 1-24.]

Specimens shot by me during the excursions to the Neusiedler Lake
after the 2nd International Ornithological Cougress in 1891.

13 birds from Elopura in N.E. Borneo, collected by Mr. Harry Fryer.
Presented. [93. 11. 26, 1-13.]

18 specimens from Equatorial Africa, collected by Emin Pasha, and on
the Lower Congo by L. Petit. Presented. [93. 12. 2, 1-18.]

6 birds from Wells, Norfolk. Presented. [93. 12. 6, 1-6.]

8 birds from British Guiana, collected by H. Whitely. Presented.
[93. 12. 9, 4-11.]

16 birds and 111 eggs from the neighbourhood of Christiansund and
the Smolen Islands. Kesented. [98. 6. 21, 1-64 ; 99. 8. 9, 1-63.]

6 birds and 53 eggs from the Sundal Valley, N. Norway* Presented.
[99. 8. 15, 1-20; 1900. 8. 27, 1-33 ; 1901. 1. 30, 1-6.]

46 specimens of ChafiBnches from Brighton. Presented. [1900. 2. 9,
1-46.]

By the rule of the Civil Service, which very properly prohibits the
keeping of private collections of any group to the custody of which an
ofiBoer is appointed, my series of African Passeres was transferred to the
British Museum, as follows : —

474 specimens of Nectariniidm, Stumidm, CaprimtUgidm, Gypsdidm,
Hirundinidmt Coraciidm, Upupidm^ Meroptdm ; including 17 species new
to the collection, with types of Anthreptes awrantia^ Verr., Fholtdomis
rtibr\fr(m8y Sharpe and Ussher, Macrodipteryx sperlingif Sharpe [ = Cosmei'
omia vexillarius, $ ] Lamprocolius deoorcUus^ Hartl.,jLamproco2tii« jpo^
wtUf Chmtura uasheri, Sharpe, Tachomis gracUiB (Sharpe), nirvndo
domicella, Finsch and Hartl., Caprimulgtu cinnamomew, Snarpe, HapO'
loderma constantia, Sharpe and Ussher, Irriaor casUmeiceps^ Shai3>e.
Purchased through Mr. E. Gerrard. [74. 5. 1, 1-474.]

129 specimens of Alcedinidm, Fromeropidmy includmg 3 species new to
the collection, with the type of Fromerops gumeyi, Verr. Purchased
through Mr. E. Gerrard. [74. 5. 16, 1-129.]

591 specimens of Campophagidm, Muscicapidm, Laniidm, Frionopidm,
Oriolidm, Dusruridm, Ficidm, with 18 species new to the collection, and
the types of Fseudobias toardi, Sharpe, Artomyias tusJieri^ Sharpe,
Laniarius mdanothorax^ Sharpe, Lanicterua quiscalimus, Finsch ; Cam-
pophaga majors Sharpe. C. anaerssonif Sharpe, Stizorhina fintchi, Sharpe,
Artomyias tusheri, Sharpe ; Campothera striata, Layard. [75. 4. 9, 1-691.]

750 specimens of Sylviidm, Turdidm, Zosteropidm, TimeUidm, Fycno^
notidm, Faridm, Alaudidm, MotaciUidm, with 57 species new to the col-
lection, and types of the following, described by B. B. S., viz. : — Drymasca
stoanziif D, brachyptera, Bmocerca flaviverUris, JEgithalw caroli, Cra-
teropuB haynesi, Alethe ccutanonota, QeoeicMa crossleyi, Fycnonotus
gdbonensis, lUadopsis gvlaris, Criniger verreauxi. [76. 5. 23, l-750/|

600 specimens of Turdidm, Coliidm, MotaciUidm, Floceidm, Brin"
giUidm, with 20 species new to the collection, and types of many new
forms, viz. : — Urobrachya hocagei, Foliopiza crocopygia, Crithagra leu-
coptera, Nigritaemilim, N, uropygialis, Fytdia hypogrammica. Purchased
through Mr. E.. Gerrard. [77. 7. 11, 1-600.]

364 specimens, principally Nectariniidm, including 10 species new to
the collection, with uie type of Nedarinia/antetisis, Sharpe lAnihothreptei
VOL. II 2 I

482 Zoology.

recHrostris (Shaw)]. Purcbased through Mr. E. Gerrard. [78. 10. 26,
1-364.]

675 specimens of Ploceidm, FrinffUHdm, Psittacidssy CuctUidm, Capi-
tonidtB, etc., including 17 species new to the collection, and types of
Ceuthmochares austrmiSf Nigrita lutei/rons, Hypochera nigerrima. Pur-
chased through Mr. E. Gterrard. [78. 12. 31, 223-897.1

Appointed Librarian to the Zoological Society of London in January
1867 ; resigned in January 1872 ; appointed Senior Assistant in Depart-
ment of Zoology, British Museum, in September 1872 ; Assistaut Keeper,
Department of Zoology, November 1895.

See 'Who's Who,' 1905, pp. 1454-55.

Shaw {Bev, G.).

30 birds from Botsileo, Madagascar. Purchased. [79. 6. 7, 1-30.]
Upupa margtruUa was new to the collection.

Shelford (R.)) Director of the Sarawak Museum.

13 nestlings of Bomean birds. Presented. [1900. 7. 12, 1-5; 1900.
7. 16, 1-8.]

A specimen of SpUomis pdUidus from Sarawak. Purchased. [1905.
11. 24, 1.]

Shelley {Sir Edwabd), Bart.

50 specimens from Avington, Hants. [76. 6. 15, 1-60.]

Nest and eggs of the Coot {Fvlica atra), with the parent birds, from

Ayington. Presented.

This group is interesting as being the first of the series mounted to

illustrate the nestinfr habits of our British birds. The nest was found by

myself on the lake in Avington Park during a visit to my old friend Sir

Edward Shelley.

Shelley {Capt. G. E.).

7 birds from Accra on the Gold CJoast. Presented. [72. 10. 25,
26-^2.]

Captain Shelley visited the Gold Coast with the late T. E. Buckley,
and dutcovered some interestiog new species of birds. The winter home
of our Nightingale and Wood-wren were for the first time discovered in
West Africa. A memoir on the results of the expedition was published
in the * Ibis ' for 1872 (pp. 281-293).

87 birds from various localities (Egypt, Gold Coast), and a few from
Avington. Presented. [72. 12. 5, 1-40; 73. 11. 17, 15-16 ; 73. 12. 3,
33-76.]

37 specimens from Avington. Presented. [73. 1. 6, 1-37.]

Captain Shelley had formed by this time a most interesting collection
of African birds, which he allowed the Museum to acquire for a much
less sum than he had spent on its formation. The first instalments of
this great collection were added in 1889.

236 specimens of Starlings (Stumidm and Etdahetidm\ including the
types of Cosmoptarus uniocli>ry Shelley, Amydrus vxdUri^ Shelley, Sprto
hildebrandti, Sharpe. Purchased. [89. 3. 6, 1-236.]

114 specimens of Woodpeckers (Ficidas). Purchased. [89. 3. 9,
1-114.]

128 specimens of Barbets (Capitonidm), including the types of
Trtcholatma affine (Shelley), Stactouema olivacea (Shtlley), Mdanchucco
albicauda (Shelley). [89. 6. 20, 1-128.]

Birds. 483

185 specimens of Cuckoos CCucuitdm\ including the types of Coccystes
alhonotatus, Shelley, and Centroptia natalenns, Shelley. Purchased.
[89. 6. 25, 1-185.]

811 specimens of Weaver-Birds and Weaver-Finches (Ploceidm),
including mnny species new to the Museum, and types of the following : —
Lcbgonosticta poUonota, Shelley, L, jamesoniy Shelley, L, landanm, Sharpe,
Urdbrachya zanzibarica, Shelley, Sharpia gumeyi (Sharpe), S. ayresif
Shelley, Malimbus rubroperaonatw, Shelley. Purchased. [89. 7. 20,
1-551; 89.7.25,1-260.]

207 Weaver-birds {Floceidm) and Larks (Alaudidm), including the
type of Calandrdla bucMeyi, Shelley, "Ibis," 1873, p. 142. Purchased.
[89. 9. 13, 1-207.]

273 specimens of Boilers (Coraciidm), Hombills (Bucerotidm), and
Bee-eaterd (Meropidm), containing the type of Merops dresseri, Shelley,

t= M, baehmi, Beichenow ; cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 83]. Purchased.
90. 5. 25, 1-66 ; 90. 6. 6, 1-66; 90. 6. 10, 1-141.]

310 specimens of Plantain-eaters {Musophagidm), Kingfishers (Alcedi-
nidm\ and Parrots {Psittacidai), Purchased. [90. 7. 7, 1-64 ; 90. 10. 2,
1-64; 90. 10. 10, 1-73; 90. 12. 28, 1-110.

177 specimens of Hoopoes rC/jpuptWa;), Trogons {Trogonidm), Nightjars
(Caprtmulffidm), and Swifts {Cypselidx), containing the types of Upvpa
somalensiSf Saivin, Hapaloderma vittatum^ Shelley, and Cypmus
pallidus, Shelley. Purchased. [90. 12. 4, 1-48; 90. 12. 6, 1-12;
90. 12. 16, 1-112.]

161 specimens of Game-birds {Galliformes\ including the type of
Francolinus shelleyi. Grant. Purchased. [91. 5. 1, 1-1 61.]

290 specimens of Gulls CLari/ormes), Petrels (ProoeUariiformes),
Gannets, Frigate-birds, etc. (Pelecani/ormea)^ Bails (Balliforme$\ and
Wading-birds (Charadrii/ormes). Purchased. [91. 6. 18, 1-121;
91. 8. 1, 1-169.]

180 Pigeons {Columbiformes)^ including the type of Turtur thairpei^
Shelley (=31 iidbellinus, Bp.; cf, Salvadori, Cat B. Brit. Mus., xxi.,
p. 400). Purchased. [92.8.2,1-180.]

526 specimens of Herons and Storks (Ardei/ormea), Qeeae and Ducks

SAnseri/ormes), Birds of Prey (Accipitriformes), and Cormorants^ GFannets
Pelecaniformea), etc. Purchased. [93. 8. 4, 1-95; 94. 6. 16, 1-431.]

238 specimens of Crows, Orioles, Drongos, etc., including the type of
Bradyomis modesta, Shelley. [94. 8. 16, 1-238.]

286 specimens of Cuckoo-Shrikes (JJampophagidm) and Flycatchers
(MfMcicapidm)i including the types of Hyliota australiSf Shelley, and
JErythrooerctu thomsoni, Shelley. Purchased. [95. 5. 1, 1-286.]

377 specimens of Thrushes (^Turdidm). Purchased. [95. 5. 1,
287-663.]

135 Bulbuls {Pycnonotidm\ including the type of PhyUostrophus
Mharpei, Shelley [= P. strepitansy Beichenow; (/. Sharpe, Cat B., vi.,
p. 117.] [95. 5. 1, 664-798.J

597 specimens of Babbling-Thrushes (TimelUdm)^ including the types
of Drymocataphus deaveri, Shelley, CJichladusa rufipenniSy Sharpe,
Sphenacums natalensis, Shelley, S. intermediiM, Shelley, Apalia sJiarpei,
Shelley, Dryodromas nigriceps, Shelley. [95. 5. 1, 799-1395.]

465 specimens of Tits (Paridm) and Shrikes (LaniidmX including the
types of Parus dlbivmtris, Shelley, and P. ocanthostomtu, Shelley. [1905.
5, 1, 1396-1861.]

291 specimens of Swallows (Hirundinidm), Wagtails, and Pipits
(MotaciUidx), Purchased. [95. 5. 1, 1862-2152.]

2 I 2

484 Zoology.

548 specimens of Sun-birds {Nectariniidm) and White-eyes {Zoitero-
pidm\ including the types of Cinnyrii houvieri and Zosterops kirki.
Purchased. [95.5.1,2163-2700.1

424 specimens of Sun-birds {^ecUiriniidm) and Finches (Frinaillidm),
including the types of Nedarinia hocagei, CinnyrU nesophtttUy C. micro-
rhynchus, Emheriza ortenialia. [95. 9. 9, 1-424.]

145 specimens from Canada and Australia. Presented. [99. 1. 30,
1-145.]

Oaptain George Ernest Shelley is the youngest son of the late Sir
Timothy Shelley, and from his boyhood was devoted to the study of
ornithology. He made four expeditions to Egypt, and has written the
standard work on the birds of that country, in 1870. He has since devoted
himself to the study of AMcan birds, and has visited the Grold Coast,
the Cape Colony and NataL On consenting to write a volume of the
' Catalogue of Birds,' he parted with his private collection to the British
Museum, which thus acquired one of the most celebrated collections of
modem times.

Shortridge (G. C).
See Balbton, W. E.

Shufeldt {Dr. R. W.).

26 skeletons of North American birds. Purchased. [1902. 2. 2^
1-26.]

Siamese Royal MuBeumi Bangkok.

72 specimens from Siam, including the type of a new Grakle (StumO'
pastor flotaerif Sharpe). Received in exchange from the Director, Capt.
Stanley 8. Flower {q.v.). [97. 9. 1, 1-72.]

Sibbald {Dr.).

35 birds from Port Essington. Presented. [45. 5. 21, 8-42.]

Simons (Pbrby O.).

See ROBEKBBSG.

Mr. Simons was an American collector who travelled in Ecuador,
Peru, and Bolivia, in which last-named country he was murdered.

Sladen {Mrs. Pbbot).

443 birds and 192 skeletons, collected by Mr. A. Robert in Matto
Grosso. Presented. [1903. 12. 20, 1-635.]

, ; H.O. the Dvke of Bedford^ and ike Hon. W.

Rothschild.

402 birds, eggs and nests from Fernando Po, containing the types of
three species new to science and to the national collection. Presented.
[1904. 6. 22, 1-402.]

Slater {Bev. H. H.).

See RoTAL Soodett.

Sloggett {Col A. T.), OMO.

1054 birds, eggs, and skeletons from Deelfontein, Cape Colony. Pre*
sented. [1901. 9. 5, 1-81; 1903. 1. 6, 1-19; 1903. 3. 9, 1-54.1 QT-
Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C., xii., p. 1; irf.. Ibis, 1903, pp. 1-29, 313-367, jpL viiL

This collection was made for Colond Sloggett by two of the Museum

Birds. 485

taxidermists, G. E. Seimund and Claude Grant, who joined the Imperial
Yeomanry and fought through the Boer War. The collection was made
in the neighbourhood of Deelfonteln, where Colonel Sloggett was the
officer in charge of the Yeomanry Hospital A fnll description was gi^en
by me in the Ibis (I.e.), and a new species of Bunting was named
FringUlaria media.

Smith {Br. Alexander).

6 birds from Old Calabar. Presented. [77. 11. 23, 4-8.]
Dr. Smith was a missionary in Calabar, and sent a few specimens in
spirits to the Museum, among them being a remarkable little bird which
had white lobes on the gape, and I namM it Lobomis cUexandri after the
discoverer. It has recently been proved that these white lobes are a sign
of immaturity, and L. cUexandri is only the young of a FarmoptUa,
probably P. woodhousei.

Smith {Lieut. A.).

30 birds and eggs from New Zealand and the Falkland Islands. Pre-
sented. [43. 9. 16, 1-17 ; 43. 9. 26, 6-17.]

Lieut. Smith was one of the officers on board H.M.S. Erehtu during
the Antarctic Expedition.

Smith {Sir Andrew).

295 birds from South Africa. Purchased. [45. 7. 6, 1-292 ; 48. 3. 21,
1-3.1

Included Smith's types of Plocetu octdarius, jP, aureoflatms, F.
subaurew, F. taMiali, JP, mariquensii, Floceiptuser mahdiy Poliozpiza
gukvris, Mirafra africana^ Almmon semitorguata^ EuryptUa stiScin'
namanea, Ccdamanastesfiuciolatus, Scops capensis^ Asio madagaacariensia,
A. capenns, Olauddium caperm$^ Smithomia capensisy Cinnyria
verreauxi, Caprimvlgua natalenaia.

14 birds from South Africa. Presented. [63. 3. 10, 1-14.]

68 birds from South Africa. Presented after his death. [72. 10. 4,
62-120.]

Sir Andrew Smith was one of the early pioneers of trayel into the then
unknown interior of South Africa. He discovered many new species,
most of which he described in his " Report of the Expedition for exploring
Central Africa, from the Cape of GroOd Hope, June 23, 1834, under the
superintendence of Dr. A. Smith. Published for the subscribers only.
Pnnted at the Government Gazette Office, Grave Street, Cape Town,
1836." He also published some further notes in the "South African
Quarterly Journal *• (nos. i.-v., 1829-1831 ; 2nd series, nos. L-iv., 1833-
1834). While in South Africa he made the acquaintance of the Yerreaux
brothers, and his collections were mounted by Jules and Alexis Yerreaux.

On his return to England with the collections he bad made, he
opened an exhibition of the results of his travels at the Egyptian Hall,
Piccadilly, in 1837 Tthe hall Bullock had built for his Museum about the
year 1811). A guide to the exhibition was called " A Catalogue of the
South African Museum, now exhibiting at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly,
the property of a society entitled * The Cape of Gix)d Hope Association
for exploring Central Africa.' This catalogue may be had at the Hall, or
of Smith, Elder & Co., Combill, 1837. Price one shilling."

To the great chagrin of Sir Andrew, who had done so much hard
work, and discovered such a number of new forms of animal life, the
exhibition was a failure, and on the 6th of June, 1838, the sale of the

486 Zoology.

collection was commenced by Messrs. J. C. and S. Stevens at their rooms
in King Street, Govent Grarden. The British Museum acquired most of
the types, but a few passed into other hands.

A number of skins from Sir Andrew Smith's early expeditions were
in the collections of Sir William Jardine and Mr. P. J. Selby, but I
could not discover whether they were sent direct to these gentlemen by the
explorer, or whether they were purchased at the sale above mentioned.

Sir Andrew published a big work, entitled ''Illustrations of the
Zoology of South Africa, consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of
the objects of Natural History collected during an expedition into the
interior of South Africa in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 ; fitted out by
the ' Gape of Good Hope Association for exploring Central Africa,' " 4to,
London, 1838-1848 (Aves, plates 1-114).

Cf. Diet Nat. Biogr., liii., p. 16.

Smith {Dr. A. Donaldson).

23 types of new species, collected in Somali Land.

The collection made by Dr. Donaldson Smith was a very important
one. It was worked out and described by myself {cf. Sharpe, P.Z.S.,
1895, pp. 457-520, pis. xxvii., xxviii.), and the types of the new species
were generously presented to the Museum by the explorer.

The new species were described by me in the Vol. iv. of the
" Bulletin of the Briti»h Ornithological Gub," and were as follows : —
Spizocorys personatay Alaudula Bomalica, Dryoscopus rufinuchalist NUaus
minoTf BradyomiB pumilusy Mdmnomis schistacea, Eremamela
flavicrissatiSy Cisticola somdlica, Fycnonotus dodsoni, Phyllostrophus
pauper, Argya scUurctta, Turactis donaldsoni, Lophoceros medianus,
L. nbhensis.

104 specimens collected on Dr. Donaldson Smith's expedition to Lake
Rudolf. Presented. [190L 6. 15, 1-104.]

Many interesting species added to the Museum, including the types of
Cossypha omoerms, Sharpe, and Floceipasaer dondldsoni, Sharpe. The
collection was described by me in the " Proceedings " of the Zoological
Society for 1901 (pp. 602-622, pi. xxxvi).

Smith (Dr. A. Donaldson), Famum (J. E.), and Famum
(G. L.).

74 birds from the Khingan Mountains in Mongolia. Presented.
[98. 11. 15, 1-74.]

This collection was described by me in the "Ornis" for 1901
(<f. Sharpe, Omis, xi., pp. 155-172).

Smith (F. C).

8 birds, collected by the Rev. £. U. Hubbard at Nassa, in Speke Gulf,
Victoria Nyanza, contaiuing the type of Francolinus hubbardi. Grant.
Purchased. [95. 3. 3, 1-8.]

7 birds, nests and eggs from Bathurst, Gambia. Presented. [1905.
9. 3, 1-7.]

Smith (H.)

3 specimens of the Ptarmigan (Lagopm mtUtu) from Newtonmore^
Scotland. Presented. [1905. 9. 8, 1-3.]

Smith (Metcalfe).

93 birds from Australia, mostly from Queensland. Presented. [95.
4. 2, 1-7 ; 99. 2. 10, 1-43.]

Birds. 487

Smith {Dr. P. W. Bassett).

21 birds collected in N.W. Australia and Dammar Island in the
Banda Sea, during the voyage of H.M.S. Penguin^ including the types
of Zoster ops bassett i and Bhipidura hiittikofei^i (cf, Sharpe, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (6), xiv., p. 57). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty.
[92. 4. 4, 1-21.1

Smith-Shand {Surgeon A. K), B,N.

A specimen of a Wren from Iceland (Troglodytes borealis). Presented.
[1904. 7. 12, 1.]

Smithsonian Institutioni Washington.
See also U.S. National Museum.
48 birds from the West Indian Islands, Presented. [70. 4. 13, 1-48.]
4 birds from Arizona and New Mexico. Presented. Gymnokitta

cyanocephala^ Aphdocoma woodhowei, and A, ultramarina were new to

the collection.

These specimens were sent to aid in the preparation of vol. iii. of the

" Catalogue of Birds."

Sneed (Frank L.).

2 specimens of Gennmus ruhripes from the Ruby Mines, Burma.
Purchased. [1905. 12. 1, 1-2.]

EK>derstrom (L.).

157 birds from the Andes of Ecuador. Presented. [97. 11. 12,
1-157.]

See also Haggabd, W. H. D.

Etouth AMcan Museum.

98 birds from South Africa. Purchased. [38. 6. 9, 1-98.1

Included many types of species described by Sir Andrew Smith
and others, among them those of E^ectes taha, Frionops talacomOf
Schizorhis concolor, Ortygis lepurana, Francolinus wUalensis^ F, lechoJio,
F, swainsonif Merula lihonyana, Amadina erythrocephakt, Megalopterus
australis, FyrrhtUattda smithi, Philmterus lepidus, Mirirfra c^ricana,
M. sahota, M, africanoideSf M, cheniana, Erythropygia pama, Strix
capensis.

149 birds from South Africa. Purchased. [41. 4. 808-834; 43. 2.
28, 21-122.1

Included Smith's types of Merops hvllockoides^ Pyrrhulauda attstralis,
P. verticals, AmmoTnanes ferruginea, Burnesia stibstriata, Spiloptila
oculariay Cisticola subrvficapUla^ C. dierina, C. terrestris, C. aberranSf
C, natalensis, C. cheninna^ Bubo capensis, Symium woodfordi^ Cerehneis
rupicoloides, Francolinus coquiy F, zffpJuena, F, gariepensia, Spatula
capensiSf Erismatura maccoa.

South African Museum, Cape Town (W. L. Sclatbb,
Director),
54 Cormorants (Phalacrocorax capensis) from Table Bay. Presented.
[1905. 2. 5, 1-5.]

Sowerby (J. Lawbenoe).

66 birds from the Fort Chiquaqua, Mashonaland. Purchased. [98. 5.
2, 1-66.]

488 Zoology.

This collection was made by a young trooper daring the Matabele
war, aJl the specimens being procured with a Mauser rifle, no gun or shot
being available. A Barbet was new to science {Stactolmma sowerhvi^
Shaipe, Bull. B.O.C., vii., p. 36, 1898). The collection was described by
Mr. Sowerby in the " Ibis " for 1898 (pp. 567-575, pL xiL).

Spanner and Co. (Oliybb).

5 Grouse and 3 Owls from Canada. Purchased. [96. 9. 7, 1-8.]

Spatz {Mr.).

6 birds from Tunis, Cypsdus koenigi and Caeodbis spatzi being new
to the collection. Purchased. [96. 9. 5, 1-6.]

Sperling {Gommander B. M.).

39 birds from the Congo. Presented. [73. 9. 8, 1-39.] Cf. Sharpe,
P.Z.S., 1873, pp. 716, 717.

Commander Sperling saw service both on the east and west coasts of
Africa, and was an ex^lent naturalist. He died suddenly of typhoid
fever on his return from one of these cruises. QT, Obituary itotice
(Ibis, 1874, p. 465).

Spring-Rice {Commander Hon, Frakois), B.N.

10 birds from Valencia Island, Ireland. Presented. [1904. 12. 24,
1-2; 1904.12.28,1-8.]

A Razor-bill (AUa torda) from Valencia Island, Ireland. Presented.
[1906.4.27,1.]

Stanford (J. Bbkkbt).

42 specimens from Somali Land, containing the type of Capr%mvlgv$
tmridus, Lort Phillips, BulL B.O.C., viiL, p. 23 (1898). Presented.
[98. 1. 14, 1-42.]

Stanley {Oapt Owen).

219 specimens of birds, skulls, nests and egss, collected by Mr. John
Macgillivray during the voyage of H.M.S. /^o^^esnoA^. Presented.
[50. 7. 20, 14; 54. 12. 5, 135-315; 55. 4. 11, 1-25.]

Capt. Stanley was in command of the BtUtlesnakCj and was a keen
naturalist himselfl Many new species were discovered durinz this
voyage, one of the most interesting being Queen Victoria's Rile-bird
{Ftilorhis tnctorim).

Stares (John).

Ill Cuckoos' eggs, with the nests and esgs of the foster-parents.
Meadow Pipits, from the beach near Portsmouth. Presented. [93. 7. 3,
1-53; 95. 7. 13, 10-40; 96. 3. 18, 1-27.]

Stares (John) and Earle (Edward).

24 specimens of Avocets and Black-tailed Gk)dwit8 from Denmark,
with eggs (for the Public Gallery). Presented. [1900. 6. 20, 1-24.]

Steele Elliot

See Elliot.

Steere {Prof. J. B.).

74 birds from Michigan. Presented. [76. 8. 21, 1-74.]

77 birds from the Philippine Islands, collected during Prof. Steere*s

first expedition to the Archipelago. Purchased, [76. 8. 28, 1-77.]

Birds. 489

These were duplicates from the first collection which was described
by me [Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) i., pt. vi., pp. 307-355, pis. xlvi.-liv. (1877)].
20 species were new to the Museimi.

2650 birds, nests and ep;s from the Philippine Archipelago, includins:
the types procured by ProrSteere and his companions during the second
expedition to those islands. Purchased. [96. 4. 14, 1-88; 96. 4. 15,
1-117; 96.6.6,1-1445.]

The following types of new species were included in this series : —
Circtu philippinensis, Fendopides mindaretmSf F, banlanicat F.
samarensis, Uorvtu samarensiSf Ortoltu basilanictu, Artamides min-
dorenais, A, panayensia, Edoliiaoma panayensis, FaewioldlcLge minor,
Fericrocottu leyiensis^ Hypothymis aamarenns, Cyanomyicu helenss,
Bhinomyicu iamareruiSf Orthotomus panayeruis, 0, samarensis, Citto-
einda cebuensis. Me guimarasensis, L mindorensis, L siquijorensis,
Foliolophus hasilanicus, Macronus mindanensis, Ftilociehlahasilanica,
F» mindanensis, Zosterops basHanica, Cinnyris jtigtUaris intermedia,
0, guimarasensis, Arachnothera philippensis, Dicmum besti, Frionochilus
samarensis, Sarcophanops samarensis, Ceyx hasilanioa, C. samarensis,
C. fluminicoia, Tkriponax philippensis, T. mindorensis, Chrysocolaptes
rufopttnctatus, lyngipicus ftdvifasGiatus, I, leytensis, Centropus min^
dormsis, Bolbopsittacus mindanensis, Lorictdus worcesteri, L, siquijorensis,
L, mindorensis, Frioniturus luconensis, F, mindorensis.

Steet (G. Cabbick).

18 birds from New Zealand. Presented. [95. 2. 1, 1-18.]

Stephens (G.).

52 specimens from Sierra Leone, Madeira, and the West Indies,
including a specimen of Thryothorus musicw new to the Museum.
Presented. [94.5.23,1-52.]

Stevens (Samuel).

64 specimens from yarious localities. Purchased. [48. 11. 21, 1-17 ;
50. 8. 14, 1-24 ; 51. 4. 29, 1-23.]

86 skeletons, chieBy of British Birds. Purchased. [49. 11. 13,
21-57 ; 61. 12. 23, 9-13 ; 52. 1. 23, 11-39 ; 62. 2. 28, 8-12.J

17 specimens from Bolivia, probably collected by T. Bridges.
Purchased. . [61. 5. 23, 7-23.]

27 specimens from the River Amazon, collected by Wallace and
Bates. Purchased. [51. 10. 3, 1-20.]

9 birds and eggs from the Himalayas, *'from Major Charlton's
collection." Purchased. [62. 9. 4, 1-9.]

44 specimens from BogoUL U. S. Colombia. Purchased. [63. 10. 30,
1-44.]

24 birds and eggs from Greenland, collected by Gx)vemor Holboell,
including the type of Ilierqfalco holbodli, Sharpe, as well as the eggs.
Purchased. [63. 12. 21, 1-9 ; 53. 12. 29, 1-15.]

26 birds from Ceylon. Purchased. [54. 1. 12, 1-15 ; 54. 3. 15, 1-4.]

127 birds from BogotlL. Purchased. [54. 1. 25, 1-127.]

60 specimens from South America. Purchased. [56. 1. 31, 1-60.]

50 specimens from the island of Lombok, collected by Dr. A. R.
Wallace. Purchased. [87.6.13,1-60.]

This was the first collection sent from the Malay Archipelago by
Dr. Russel Wallace. The understanding between the traveller and George
Robert Gray was, that the latter should describe the collections in their

490 Zoology.

entirety, which was done. The first set Dr. Wallace retained for himself,
and the second set was to go to the British Museum. These separate
series were selected by the traveller, and the types of the new species
remained in the care of Mr. Samuel Stcveup, until the return of
Dr. Wallace. When he came back to England after bis wonderful
expedition to tbe Malay Archipelago, he settled in London, and I
remember having an introduction to him from a friend, and visiting him
in tbe Gloucester Road, Regent's Park. I was then working at my
''Monograph of the Kingfishers," and I remember his showing mc his
private collection of these birds — many species of Tanysiptera^ which I
had never seen before; and his generous conduct in lending roe his
specimens to figure in my " Monograph " will never be forgotten by me.
jfever had any tyro such a good friend as Dr. Wallace proved to be in
my case.

38 specimens from the River Amazon, collected by Mr. H. W. Bates.
Purchased. [67. 10. 14, 1-38.]

74 specimens from Makassar, Celebes, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace.
Purchased. [57. 8. 3, 4-19 ; 68. 12. 2, 39-96.]

Many species new to the collection: Ocuaxia typical Macropteryx
uxUlaceif Eypathymis pttella, Oeocichla eryihro9iotaf Ldlage leucopygialis
and Penelaptdea exarrhatus.

22 specimens from Orizaba, Mexico. Purchased. [57. 12. 22, 1-22.]

56 specimens from the River Amazon and River Javari, collected by
H. W. Bates. Purchased. [68. 1. 11, 1-37 ; 58. 4. 27, 34-62.

Many species new to the Museum, viz. : ThamnophUua mdanurtiSj
T, plumheitSy 71 leuc(motu8, Eypocnemis cantcUor, H, hucophrySf
B, tJieresm, H. myiotherirui, PygoptUa maculipennis, Pterogloasus
huniboldti,

160 specimens from the Aru Islands and Key Islands, collected by
Dr. A. R. Wallace. Purchased. [58. 3. 10, 1-150.]

16 birds from Amboina, collected by Dr. A. K. Wallace, including
CyancUcyon lazuli new to the collection. Purchased. [69. 3. 25, 1-6 ;
59. 3. 30, 1-11.]

74 birds from Dorey, New Guinea, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace.
Purchased. [59.4.6,1-7.]

Several species new to the collection, eg., Corone orru, Oymnocorax
8enex,F»eudorrhecte8ferrugtnetJU, Chalcophapi stepAantand Mino dumontL

24 birds from Mozambique, collected by Dr. Gueinzius. Purchased.
[59. 6. 21, 1-24.]

4 specimens of Semioptera wallcbcei from Batch ian, collected bv
Dr. A. R. Wallace. Purchased. [69.6.13,1-4.]

39 specimens of birds from New Caledonia, collected by John
MacGillivray. Purchased. [59. 6. 14, 1-39].

Several species new to the Museum, viz., Artamus mdanoleucuSf
Symmorphus nmvius, Merula xanthopus, Aplonis striata^ Fachycepkala
xaniJierythreOj with the type of Myiagra meJantira, Gray.

64 birds, 12 nests and 25 eggs from Natal, collected by Dr. Gueinzius.
Purchased. [60. 1. 19, 1-90.]

103 birds from the island of Batchian in the Moluccas, collected by
Dr. A. R. Wallace. Purchased. [60.2.4,1-103.]

This collection added to the Museum the following species: Ceyx
uropygialis, Alcyone affinis, Hermotimia auriceps, Dicmum schtstficeioaos^
Ldlage aurea, Melitograis giloloensiSf Carpophaga boHlica, Grauoalus
papuensis, Fiezorhynchus nigrimentum, Fitia cyanonota and P.
rujiventris.

Birds. 491

14 birds from Siam and Cambodia, collected by M. Mouhot, and
containing the type of Garrulax mouhoii^ Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 444
(1883). Purchased. [60. 7. 2, 3-16.]

79 birds from Timor, E. Gilolo, Temate, collected by Dr. A. R.
Wallace. Purchased. [60. 9. 6, 1-79.]

The following species were new to the collection : Oreicda melanoleuetif
MegcUoprepia formom, Exdipoa wdllaceii Aprosmictus hypophonitu.
Pitta maxima, Rhipidura rufiventris, Philemon timoriensis.

46 birds from Celebes, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace. Purchased.
[60. 9. 6, 1-46.]

The following were new to the collection : Ptilopua atUaris^ P.
fcrmosusy Carpophaga radiata, Myristicivora luctuosa, Macropygia
albicapilla, Chalcophops stepJiani, Coracias temmincki, Pelargopsia
mdanorhyncha, Lyncomis macropterust Scisairostrum dubium, PrUmi-
turns platurtis and Hypotxnidia cdehensis,

62 eggs of Indian birds. Purchased. [60. 11. 10, 1-62.]

27 birds from Ceram, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace. Purchased.
[60. 12. 6, 1-27.]

Among this series were the followinsc species new to the collection :
Baza reinwardti, Philemon subeomiculatuSf Ceyx lepida, and JSdectus
cardinalia.

116 birds from Ceram, Waigion, Mysol, etc., collected by Dr. A. R.
Wallace. Purchased. [61.12.11,1-116.]

The following species new to the collection : Philemon novm guinem,
Rhectes wropygialiSf B. cet^viniventris, Pseudorhectes leucorhynchtu^ P.
femtgineua, Machssrorhynchus albifrons, Monarcha nigrimentumy Piezo-
rhynchin aruensis, P. guttvlatus, Todopsis wcUlaceif Micrceca flavovires-
cens, Edoliisoma schistaceiceps, Pachycephala griseonota^ Cdlooalia
esculenta, Paradisea sanguinea and Qeoffroyus rhodops,

114 specimens from East Timor, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace.
Purchased. [62. 3. 20, 1-114.]

PtUotis maculata, Philemon inomatus, Myzomda vulnerata, Dicmum
macMoti, Halcyon australaaimy Bhipidura semicollaris, B, rufiventris,
Ptistes jonquHaceuSf Artamides personatus, Pachycephala calliope^ Lalage
timorienais, Turacoma m^odesta, and Geopdia maugeij were new to the
collection.

36 birds from Morotai, Gilolo, Temate, New Guinea, Salawati,
collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace. Purchased. [69. 2. 11, 1-36.]

Tanynptera doris, uEluroedus buccoides, Locustella fascidata^
Todopsis cyanocephala, Erythrura trichroa, Piezorhynchus bimaculatus,
Oriolus phaochromus, Criniger chloris, Philemon fuscicapilltts, Lycocorax
pyrrhopterus, Cydopsittacus desmarestiy Ptilopus monachus, Henicophaps
albi/rons, Hdbroptila wailacei, and Eutrygon terrestris were new to the
collection.

30 birds from the Sula Islands, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace. LoriaUus
sclateri, Psitteuteles flamviridis, Oridus frontalis, Criniger longirostriSf
Pitta crassirostris, Pdargopsis mdanorhyndtus, Chibia pectoralis,
Artamus monachus, Hypotatnidia sulcirostris, and Ballina minahassa
were new to the collection. Purchased. [62. 12. 21, 1-30.]

27 birds from Formosa, collected by Consul R. Swinhoe : Bamhusicola
sonorivoXf Myiophoneus insularis, Trochalopterum taivanum, Pomato*
rhinus musicu^f P. erythrocnemis, Dendrocopus instdaris, Pericrocotus
griseigularis, and Eypsipetes nigei-rimus were new to the collection.
Purchased. [63.2.16,1-27.]

16 birds from Bouru, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace : Pitta rubrinuchay

492 Zoology.

Bhipidura howruentisy Monarcha hricata^ Philemon moluccensiSf Oriolu$
hauruenstB, Edoliitoma marginatum, Criniger mystaoalis, Athene Jiantu,
MyrtBticivora melanura, Tanygnathus amnxs^ and Ninox equamipUa
were new to the collection. Purchaaed. [63. 2. 16, 29-43.]

25 birds from Gaboon, collected by P. Da Ghaillu: Camaropiera
hrevieaudaiay Nigrita lutei/rons, Fyrenestes coccineus^ Alethe caManea^
and Twrdinue fulveaoenB were new to tbe collection. Purchased.
[63. 12. 16, 1-25.]

25 birds from Flores, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace: Bhipidura
diluta, Pachyc^hala fidvotincta, Tmniopygia inatdariSf Sparmginihus
flavidiventris, Zosierops aureifroiuf Dicmum igntfer, Oemotreron floris
and Aecipiter eylvestris were new to the collection. Purchased.
[63. 12. 16, 1-25.]

29 birds from various Molucca Islands, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace.
Purchased. [65. 9. 7, 1-29.]

8 birds from Damaraland, collected by Mr. 0. J. Anderason. Lanio-
turdus tar^ucUuB new to the collection. Purchased. [65. 9. 9, 1-8.]

16 birds from Turkey in Europe, and Asia Mfinor, collected by
T. Robson. Purchased. [65.9.10,1-16.]

11 birds from various localities. Purchased. [66. 9. 18, 1-11.]

49 birds from Japan, collected by Gapt. St. John. Purchased.
[65. 11. 29, 1-49.]

36 birds from Mohambo^ Madagascar, collected by Mr. Gerrard
(c/. Newton, P.Z.S., 1865, pp. 833-837). Purchased. [66. 5. 5, 1-36.]

38 birds from Port Albany, N. Australia. Purchased. [66. 5. 7,
1-38.]

19 birds from Southern Africa, collected by 0. J. Andersson.
Purchased. [66. 7. 19, 1-19.]

Stewart {Lieut. A. T.), B.N.

A specimen of the flightless Merganser {Mergus atutralis) from the
Aukland Islands. Presented. [1904. 4. 30, 1.]

StirUng (Mrs.).

21 birds from India and South Africa. Presented. [87. 2. 12, 1-21.]

Mrs. Stirling is the daughter of the late Mr. Arthur wote, who wrote

an excellent memoir of his friend Edward Blyth ((/, Joura. A. S. Beng.,

Extra Na, August, 1875). The few bird-skins which she found amongst

her father's effects contained specimens of some rare African Bustards.

Stokes (OapL), B.N., RM.S. Acheron.

140 birds from New Zealand. Presented. [49. 12. 12, 1-47 ; 52. 1.
17, 1-93.]

These specimens were collected by Dr. LyalL Among them are the
types of Xenicus stokesi and Tumagra craenrostris, new to the collection.

5 birds in spirit from New Zealand. Presented. [53. 2. 14, 37-41.]

Storey (C. B.).

55 birds from British East Africa. Presented. [1904. 2. 1, 1-11 ;
1904. 4. 8, 1-27; 1904. 4. 14, 1-17.]

Contained a specimen of Laniarius catliemagmenus, new to the
collection.

48 birds in spirit from Florida. Presented. [1904. 5. 13, 1-24;
190i. 5. 14, 1-24.]

Birds. 493

StoUczka (Dr. F.).

6 birds from the N.W. Himalayas. Presented. [67. 9. 24, 1-6.1
Cf. Pelzeln, Ibis, 1868, pp. 302-321.

Dr. Stoliczka travelled in many parts of India and the Malay
Peninsula, and collected everywhere. He was also attached to the Second
Tarkand Mission and made a valuable collection of birds.

Cf. Ibis, 1866, p. 412, 1868, p. 802, 1869, p. 208, 1871, p. 474 ; Journal
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1870, p. 277, 1872, p. 120 ; Stray Feathers,
i., p. 425 ; L, p. 461, 462 ; iii., pp. 251-220.

Of. Obituary, Ibis, 1874, pp. 470, 471 ; Stray Feathers, iL, pp. 2-3.

Stone (OcTAvius C).

25 specimens from S.E. New Guinea. Purchased. [77. 2. 9, 1-25.]
Mr. Stone's collection was described by me (Joum. Linn. Soc. 2k)ol.,
xiii., pp. 486-505), and the following new species were described : SpJiecO'
(hares scUvadorii, Diemwn rubrocoronatumf JEluradus sioneif Gerygone
ciner<ucen$ and lanthmwu rawlinaoni (=Colu7nba cdhigularia, Bp. ^.
Salvad., Gat B., xxL, p. 313). Cf, "A few months in New Guinea,"
by 0. C. Stone, 8vo, London, 1880, 268 pp.

Strachan {LiefU.-Ool).

18 birds from the River Ghunbia. Presented. [76. 6. 1, 1-18.J

Strader (Dr,).

See Gebbabd, £.

Strange (F.).

Collected in New Zealand and Aiistralia, and made beautiful skins. I
have not been able to find out any records of his career, but I can
remember that Mr. Qonld always spoke of him with high appreciation as
a collector.

Stuart (H. E. Johnstons).

Two specimens of the Nubian Bustard (Lissotia nuba) from the
Egyptian Sudan. Presented. [1904. 8. 9, 1-2.J

Sturt (Oapt Chablbs).

124 birds from the interior of Australia, including the type of
Cindosoma cinnamMtneum, Gould. Presented. [46. 5. 22, 1-124.J

These specimens were procured by Captain Sturt on his adventurous
journey into the interior of the Australian continent (cf. Diet Nat
Biogr., Iv., p. 136).

Sturt (Oen. Napibb), O.B.

28 specimens from India and Abyssinia. Presented. [78. 3. 8, 1-28.]
Qenend Sturt served in the expedition to Magdala, and procured some

species of birds which supplemented the collections made by Dr. Blanford

and Mr. Jesse. These he presented to the Museum.

Styan (F. W.).

23 specimens from Shanghai and Szechuen. Presented. [87. 3. 8,
1-23.]

Types of Pomatorhinus stffani and Trockalopteram cinereioepSt new
to the Museum.

494 Zoology.

105 specimens from Kiukiang. Presented. [90. 12. 24, 1-42; 94. 2.
17, 1-63.]

10 specimens from Szecbuen, Ichang, Ghefoo, etc. Presented. [99. 2.
22, 1-10.]

Mr. Styan is a well-known authority on the birds of the Cbioese
Empire, and the following are some of the most important of the memoirs
which he has written on the subject : —

On a new species of Trochalopteron (Ibis, 1887, p. 166-168, pi. vL).

On a collection of birds from Foochow (Ibis, 1887, p. 216-234).

Some notes on and additions to the Chinese Avifaima (Ibis, 1889,
pp. 443-446).

On the birds of the lower Yangtse Basin, Part I. (Ibis, 1891,
pp. 316-359).

On the birds of the lower Tangtse Basin, Part II. (Ibis, 1891,
pp. 481-510).

On five apparently new species of birds from Hainan (Ibis, 1893,
pp. 54-57).

Descriptions of Fycnonotus taivanus and Dicssum cyanorwtum (Ibis,
1893, pp. 469-470).

Notes on the oruithology of China (Ibis, 1894, pp. 329-337, pi. ix.).

On some Chinese species of the genus Alcippe (Ibis, 1896,
pp. 309-312).

Description of Chrysophlegma rickettif n. sp.. Bull. B.O.C., vii.,
p. 40 (1898).

Additions to the list of Lower Yangtse birds (t c, pp. 286-289).

On birds from West China (Ibis, 1899, pp. 287-300).

Descriptions of three new species of birds from China (Bull. B.O.C.,
viii, p. 26 (1899).

On the occurrence of Nycticorax magnifioa in the Anhwei, Province
of China (Ibis, 1902, p. 164).

Sudbury Museum.

42 birds from Bahia. Purchased. [43. 11. 27, 2-41 ; 43. 11. 29, 3-4.]

SuBhkin (Dr. P.).

16 birds from Russia, including two specimens of Hieroftdco cherrug
from the Province of Tula. Presented and exchanged, [l^l* !• 26,
1-16.]

Dr. Sushkin spent some time in England in 1900, and studied the
collection of Accipitrea in the British Museum. He has published several
important papers on the Birds of Prey.

Swan {Messrs.),

12 specimens from the Gran Chaco, Argentina. Purchased.
[99. 11. 12, 1-12.]

Swanzy (Andrew).

31 si)ecimens from the Gold Coast, including the type of Diaphorophyia
hUsBettL Presented. [72. 10. 26, 33-45 ; 73. 1. 28, 1-18.]

Swaysland (W.).

44 specimens from Brighton. Purchased. [83. 10. 20, 1-44.]
The Swayslands, father and sons, were well-known Brighton natura-
lists, and contributed much to the history of our native binds, Seebohm
made many excursions with them, and I spent a month bird-catching
in November 1894, one of the most interesting experiences I ever had.

Birds. 495

Tbey watched the Bpring and autumn migrations for a series of years, and
many species were detected by them for the first time in England. Some
of their rarest captures passed into the collection of Mr. T. J. Monk, of
Lewes.

Swinhoe {OoL Charles).

341 birds from the neighbourhood ot Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Presented. [81. 12. 1, 1-341.] Cf, Ck)loDel Swinhoe's paper on the Birds
of Southern Afghanistan, (IbLj, 1882, pp. 95-126).

332 birds from Mhow, Central India, Presented. [84. 10. 8, 1-332.]
Cf, C. Swinhoe and H. E. Barnes' paper on the Birds of Central India,
(Ibis, 1885, pp. 52-69, 124-138).

Colonel Swinhoe is a well-known Indian zoologist, who made
some useful and interesting collections of birds, which he gave to the
Museum, having been always an enthusiastic contributor to the National
Collection.

Swinhoe {Consul Robert).

4 British birds and 5 nests with eggs. Presented. [54. 5. 29, 1-9.]

16 specimens from Amoy. Presented. [58. 6. 18, 1-16.]

23 specimens from Hainan. Purchased. [71. 3. 21, 1-23.]
8 species new to the collection, viz., MieropterHus holroydi, Hemixus
castanonotuSf Ixus Jiainanus, Criniger pallidus, Hypsipetes pernigei',
Garrulax monachus, JSthopyga christinx, Arachnechthra rhizophorx.

22 specimens of Birds of Prey from China. Purchased. [74. 2. 21,
14-26; 74.3.26,1-9.]

A few specimens were purchased by the Museum from the collections
of Chinese birds made by Consul Swinhoe, as occasion oflfered. His
private collection was purchased, after Swinhoe's death, by Mr. Henry
Seebohm, and was bequeathed to the nation with the rest of his
collection by the latter.

The following is a lisit of the papers published by Robert Swinhoe: —

Notes on some new species of birds found on the Island of Formosa.
Joum. North China Branch R. As. Soc. (Shanghai), May 1859.

Ornithology of Amoy (China). Ibis, 1860, pp. 45-68, 89, 130,
357-361.

On Chinese birds. <.c., pp. 428, 429.

Notes on the Ornithology of Hong Kong, Macao and Canton, made
during the latter end of February, March, April and the beginning of
May, 1860. Ibis, 1861, pp. 23-57.

Notes on some birds observed about Talien Bay (N. China), from
June 21 to July 25, 1860. ^.c, pp. 251-262.

On the Ornithology of Amoy and Foochow. t.c, pp. 262-268.

Notes on Ornithology taken between Takoo and Peking, iu the
neighbourhood of Peiho River, Province of Chelee, North China, from
August to December, 1860. ^.c, pp. 323-345.

Ornithological ramble in Foochow, in December, 1861. Ibis, 1862,
pp. 253-265.

On some Tientsin birds collected by Mr. Fleming, R.A., in the
possession of Mr. Whiteley. P.Z.S., 1862, pp. 315-325.

Additions and Corrections to the Ornithology of Northern China.
Ibis, 1863, pp. 87-97, pi. iii.

The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. <.c., pp. 198-219, pi. v. ;
250-311, pi. vi.; 377-435.

Notes on the Ornithology of Northern Japan, i.e., pp. 442-447.

496 Zoology.

On new and little-known birds from China. P.Z.S., 1863. pp.
87-94.

On the species of Zosterops inhabiting China and Japan, with the
description of a new species, f.c, pp. 203-205.

Catalogue of the birds of China, with remarks principally on their
geographic distribution, ^.c, pp. 259-339."

Ornithological notes from Formosa. Ibis, 1866, pp. 292-316, pi. ix.,
392-406, pi. xi.

Descriptions of four new species of Formosan birds ; with further notes
on the Ornithology of the Island. Ibis, 1864, pp. 361-370, 413-418.

A voice on Ornithology from Formosa. Ibis, 1866, pp. 129-138,
pL V.

Ornithological notes from Formosa. Ibis, 1866, pp. 392-406, pL xi.

Jottings on birds from my Amoy JoumaL Ibis, 1867, pp. 226-237,
885-413.

Ornithological notes from Amoy. Ibis, 1868, pp. 52-65.

On the Ornithology of Hainan. Ibis, 1870, pp. 77-97, 230-256,
342-367, pis. iv., ix., x.

On the Pied Wagtails of China, P.Z.S., 1870, pp. 120-124, 129
and 130.

On a new species of Accentor from North China, tc, pp. 124 and
125, pi. ix.

Descriptions of seven new species of birds procured during a cruise up
the River Yanetsze. i.e., pp. 131-136, pi. xi.

On the Plovers of the genus JEgialitea found in China, tc^
pp. 136-142, pL xiL

Zoological notes of a journey from Canton to Peking and Ealgan.
^.c, pp. 427-451.

List of birds collected by Mr. Cuthbert Collingwood during a cruise in
the China and Japan Seas, with notes, ^.c, pp. 600-604.

On a new Chinese Gull. P.Z.S., 1871, pp. 278-275, pL xxiL

A revised catalogue of the birds of China and its islands with descrip-
tions of new species, references to former notes, and occasional remarks,
*.c., pp. 337-423.

Descriptions of two new Pheasants and a new Qarrulax from Ningpo,
China. P.Z.S., 1872, pp. 550-654.

On a Scaup Duck found in China. P.Z.S., 1873, pp. 411-413.

On the White Stork of Japan. t.c., pp. 512 and 513.

On the Long-tailed Jay of Northern China with farther notes on
Chinese Ornithology. </;., pp. 687-690.

On a Black Albatros of the China Seas, tx., pp. 784-786.

On a new species of Little Bittern from China. Ibis, 1873, pp. 73, 74,
pi. ii.

On a new Chinese Owl of the genus Ketupa. ^.c, pp. 127-129.

On the Bosy Ibis of China and Japan {IhU nippon), t,c^
pp. 249-253.

Notes on Chinese Ornithology, ^.c, pp. 361-372.

Notes on Chinese Ornithology. Ibis, 1874, pp. 266-270, pL x.

On some birds from Hakodadl, in Northern Japan, ^.c., pp. 150-166.

Ornithological notes made at Chefoo (Province of Shantung, Ncurth
China). <.c., pp. 422-447, pi. xiv., 1875, pp. 114-140, pi. ilL

On a new form of Beed-bird from Eastern Asia. Ibis, 1877, pp. 208-
205, pL iv.

On a new bird from Formosa. <.c., pp. 478-476, pi. xiv.

Obituary. Ibis, 1878, pp. 126-128.

Birds. 497

Swinny (H. H.).

32 birds from West Pondo Land. Purchased. [1904. 6. 4, 1-21 i
1904. 7. 5, 1-11.]

Sydney Museum.

See AuBTRAUAN Museum.

Taylor (J.).

21 birds from Mexico. Presented. [41. 6, 1524-1544.]

A MS. note by Dr. J. E. Gray adds: "Who received them from

Mr. Morgan, of the Rio del Monte Ccemp. They were examined and said

to be described by Mr. Swainson."

Taylor (Edward Cavendish)

1279 birds and 868 eg£;s from(Yarious localities, chiefly from Egypt
and the Mediterranean. Bequeathed. [1905. 6. 28, 1-1279.]

Cf. Ibis,1905, pp. 498-500.

Thackeray (F.).

11 birds, 3 from Ireland, 8 from Gape Colony. Presented. [84. 7.
24, 1-11.]

Thomas (Oldpield), F.B.8,

6 birds collected in the Province of Antioquia, U.S. Colombia, by
Mr. A. E. Pratt. Presented. [98. 10. 6, 1-6.]

7 birds from California. Presented. [1904. 4. 24, 1-7].

Thomasson (J. P.).

18 specimens from Hainan, collected by the late John Whitehead.
Presented. [1900. 1. 2, 1-18.]

Mr. J. P. Thomasson was the son of Thomas Thomasson of Bolton.
He was bom May 19th, 1841, and died May 16th, 1904. His father was
a stamich supporter and personal friend of Richard Cobden, and Mr.
Thomasson became an executor under Mr. Cobden's will.

In 1876 Mr. Thomasson founded one hundred Exhibitions and
Scholarships to the value of £25 a year, tenable for three years. By this
scheme he constructed an educational ladder by which the children of the
working classes in Bolton could pass from any Elementary school to the
best Secondary school available, and ultimately to the Universities.

In 1877 he was presented with the Grand Cordon of Takova by Prince
Milan of Servia, as a recognition of his gifts to the Servians when down-
trodden and oppressed by the Sultan.

In 1880 he was elected Liberal M.P. for Bolton, which he represented
until the following election in 1885. In 1881 he purchased and pre-
sented Mere Hall and the Rurrounding estate, with a further gift of £5000
for a public park and Museum, to the town of Bolton.

In the same year be presented the Haulgh Board-School to the town,
and also founded the Thomasson Gymnasium. In 1902 the Freedom of
the Borough of Bolton was conferred upon him.

Throughout his life the late Mr. Thomasson maintained the deepest
interest in the welfare of his fellow- townsmen in Bolton. By large
yearly grants of money he made it possible for students at Elementary
schools to pass into higher ** Secondary ** schools, and on to a University
training ; an advantage to which many now owe their high positions in the
VOL. II. 2 K

498 Zoology.

world. A Bimilar scheme was founded by him a little later by which the
same advantages were placed within the reach of pupil teachers in
Elementary scdooIs, one of the largest Elementary schools in the Borough
being erected at his sole expense.

Soon after the establishment of a Natural History Museum in the
town, he purchased from Mr. Starkie Gardner of Folkestone his
collection of fossils from the Gault, Greensand and Chalk — about 1500
carefully prepared examples— emd presented them to the institution.
Again, in 1894, he purchased a fine collection of British Lepidoptera,
containing about 75()0 specimens, and gave them to the town. This
formed a strong nucleus, round which has grown the present Museum
collection of Entomological specimens.

In 1904 he acquired an exceedingly fine collection of British birds'
eggs, formed by a Boltonian, Mr. F. W. Peaples, and until his death
Mr. Thomasson was busily engaged in arranging them. Unfortunately
he did not live to finish the worJ^, but he left the entire collection, with
the cabinets containing it, to the Museum. It includes 1700 clutches of
eggs, and over 7000 specimens, as well as 200 nests of British birds. Par-
ticularly interesting are the very full sets of Cuckoo's eggs with those of
the foster-parents, of which there are 70 sets, with the eggs of 30 species
of foster-parent. The examples cif the eggs of Guillemots, Ospreys and
Plovers are also very complete and valuable.

The Mere Hall Art Gallery, opened in 1891, was another of Mr.
Thomasson's gifts to the town of Bolton, and this he supplemented by a
grant of £1000 towards the purchase of artistic objects. The Mere Hall
was a family mansion standing in a park of about 8 acres, which
Mr. Thumasson purchased and presented to the town for an open space,
now known as the Thomasson Park; and he afterwards gave a sum of
£6000 towards the adaptation of the Hall for the purposes of an Art
Gallery and Branch-Library.

Mr. Thomasson took great interest in Zoology, and travelled much in
Norway and Lapland, fie was also one of the subscribers to the White-
head Expedition to Hainan. His donation included the types of Harpactes
hainanusy Lepocestes hainanuSf Chrysophlegma atyani, and Dryonastes
casianotia.

Thompson (Arthur).

A mounted pair of Elliot's Pheasant (Calophcms eUioti). Purchased.
[80. 3. 9, 1-2.]

A mounted pair of the Common Snipe (Gailinago gaUinago),
Presented.

ThomhiU (T. B. Clarke).

16 birds from the N.-W. Himalayas. Presented. [1904. 6. 19, 1-16.]

Thwaites (T.).

Set CuMiKO, Hugh.

Treacher {Sir William Hood), K.0.M,G.
See Gerbabd, E.
When in Labuan as Acting-Governor, Sir W. Treacher made collec-
tions in that island and on the Lawas River, and on Mt Kina Balu. He
discovered Hmmatortyx sanguinioeps^ Bambtukola hyperythfUf Dendro-
cUta cinerascens. He presented his collection to the Oxford Museum.

Birds. 499

Treasury, Lords of the.

See Peildbn, H. W. ; Habt, H. C.

Trevelyan {Major Hbrbbbt).

168 birds from the district of Eiagwilliamstown, South Africa.
Presented. [76. 3. 19, 1-9 ; 76. 6. 8, 1-6 ; 76. 12. 5, 13 ; 77. 1. 20, 1-43;
77. 7. 28, 1-20; 77. 10. 15, 21-96; 79. 8. 1, 1-6; 80. 11. 4, 1-8.]

4 birds and 2 eggs from Loch Erne, Ireland, and from Devonshire.
Presented [1905. 6. 26, 1-3; 1906. 9. 7, 1; 1905. 11. 4, 1; 1906.
11. 19, 1.]

During his service in South Africa, Major Trevelyan collected
extensively, and gave many interesting species of birds to the Museum.

Trevor-Battye (A. B. R.).

23 birds from Spitsbergen. Presented. [97. 2. 28, 1-23.]

Mr. 'lYevor-Battye is well known for his travels in Northern Europe,

and his adventures in Eolguev are described in his book '* Ice-bound in

Kolguev," 4to, 1895.

Cf. also " Who's Who," 1905, p. 1620.

Tristram {Canon H. B.), P.P., jP.J5.5., etc,

266 specimens from Palestine. Purchased. [64. 11. 22, 1-266.]

Cf. Tristram, P.Z.S., 1864, pp. 426-456 ; id.. Fauna and Flora of
Palestine, 4to.

41 specimens from various Pacific islands (Fiji group. New Caledonia,
Loyalty Islands, etc.) Purchased. [79. 3. 5, 6-24; 80. 8. 10, 1-12;
82. 6. 29, 1-10.]

These were duplicates from Mr. E. L. Layard's collection, the first set,
with the types, being purchased by Mr. Seebohm, and bequeathed by
him to the British Museum.

Some of Mr. Layard's collections were sent to Canon Tristram for
description, and many of the duplicates were offered to the Museum,
which thus acquired several rare species new to the National Collection,
such as Turdus pritzhueri, Clytorhynchus pachycephaloideSf Myiagra
luguiei, Pachycephala littayei^ Erythrura cyaneifronn, Zositrops inornata^
Z. minuta, Myzomela li/uensiSf Oraucalus U/uensis, and Megapodius
layardi, etc. Cf, Layard, Ibis, 1878, pp. 266-280; Tristram, Ibis, 1879,
pp. 180-196, pis. iv.-vi.

27 birds from the Solomon Islands, and the New Hebrides, collected
by Lieut. Richards. Purchased. [80. 2. 10, 1-6 ; 81. 11. 14, 1-21.]

Cauon Tristram was born imder the shadow of the Cheviot Hills, and
passed his early life in Northumberland. He early developed a taste for
natural history study, and did much field-work in company with his
father*s friends, the late Ralph Carr- Ellison of Hedgely and J. C. Langlands
of Old Bewick. The inclinations of the lad towards natural history may
have been hereditary, as he is a great nephew of the Hon. Daines Har-
rington, Gilbert White's correspondent.

Like other boys, he began by making a collection of birds' eggs,
and before the a^e of fifteen lie had taken with his own hands,
and within a walk of his home, the eg<i;s of the Kite, Buzzard,
Marsh Harrier, Hen Harrier, Peregrine Falcon, and Raven. At school
and at Oxford he actively cherished his love for ornithology and
entomology, having as a boy at Durham School practised taxidermy
under old William Proctor, the Curator of the Museum, who had made
j^veral expeditions to Iceland. After leaving college, Tristram went to

2 K 2

500 Zoology.

Switzerland for six months, and resumed his lessons in taxidermy with a
Mr. Linder, a naturalist of Geneva, who once disposed of a specimen of
the Great Auk for £5 1 Entomology occupied his attention more than
ornithology, though he studied the habits of the Nutcracker, Wall-
Creeper and Alpine Accentor. A year was spent in Italy, notable for a
visit to Savi at Pisa. On his return to England he held a curacy in
Devonshire, where he met with many species of birds unknown in his
native Nonhumbria. Ill-health compelled him to go abroad, and he
became acting Naval and Military Chaplain in Bermuda. Here he foimd
several keen ornithologists, who became his life-long friends, Colonel H.
Drummond-Hay, the fist President of the British C&nithologists' Union,
Colonel Wedderbum, J. L. Hurdis, and Sir J. Campbell Orde, of which
little band of workers Canon Tristram is the sole survivor. They all
collaborated in working at the subject of migration of birds, and during
the whole time of his stay in Bermuda, Tristram kept up a continual
correspondence with Sir William Jardine, while he formed the nucleus of
(lis great collection of birds, increased during a six months' tour throtigh
the United States and Canada.

Canon Tristram returned to England in 1849 to the rural parish of
Castle Eden, Durham, a imique collecting ground for botany and
entomology. In 1852 he made an excursion into Norwegian Lapland,
finding the nests of the Great Snipe, Bar-tiuled God wit and Green
Sandpiper, the eggs of which were figured in the second edition of
Hewitson's work. Ill-health, however, soon made him an irregular
migrant. He spent two years in Algeria and the Sahara, and a third
in yachting in the Eastern Mediterranean with his friend William
Gibbs.

These three years gave the naturalist a rare opportunity of observing
and collecting birds, and he took full advantage of it. He was also able
to make an expedition up the Nile, and passed a few weeks in Palestine,
not forgetting the Jordan Valley. The ornithological results of these
three years are set forth at considerable length in the early numbers of
the • Ibis,' and in his volume on the " Great SiSiara."

It was after Canon 'IVistram's return from the Levant that the idea of
forming the British Ornithologists' Union took shape in his study at
Castle Eden, when John Wolley, Alfred Newton, and Osbert Sal v in were
on a visit. The matter having been fully discussed, they all went to
Cambridge for the meeting of the British Association of 1858, and with
the addition of J. H. Gumey, Dr. P. L. Sclater, F. Du Cane Godman,
Percy Godman, Edward Cavendish Taylor and W. H. Hudleston (then
W. H. Simpson), the foundation of the British Ornithologists' Union was
accomplished, and in January 1859 the first number of the '* Ibis" was
published.

Since that time Canon Tristram has devoted his attention principally
to the Ornithology of Palestine and Syria. His first hurried visit had
suggested to him what the Jordan Valley might reveal, and having been
asked by the S.P.C.K. and by Mr. John Murray to write a work on the
Holy Laud, he obtained leave of absence from his little country parish
and spent a year (1863-64) in a systematic exploration of Palestine, taking
with him Dr. B. C. Lowne as Botanist, and Mr. Edward Bartlett as
Taxidermist, with several valued private friends — Sir W. C. P. Medlicott,
H. M. Upcher, and others.

The outcome of this expedition was satisfactory, as it led to the forma-
tion of the Palestine Exploration Fund, through the efibrts of the late
Dean Stanley and Sir George Grove, the Dean making a tour with Canon

Birds. 501

Tristram to the UDlversities and some of the chief towns in Gk'eat Britain
for the purpose.

An expedition to Moab in 1872 with several other friends, Louis
Buxton, M. Trotter, R. C. Johnson, and Amhurst Hayne, was more
fruitful in archaeological than biological results, as was another very
interesting seven months spent in 1881 in Northern Syria, Mesopotamia,
and the Euphrates Valley, of which a full account was published in the
'Ibis.' The same periodical contaius an account of the by no means
inconsiderable results of the exploration by Canon Tristram and his
indefatigable friend, E. G. B. Meade- Waldo, of all the seven islands of the
Canary group.

In 1891 he passed seven mouths in Central China and Japan, and has
since made two journeys to the east, but without doing much biological
work. On his last visit to Palestine he was kicked by a mule and
bad his le<; broken, but has since been as active as ever, and still
performs his duties in Durham Cathedral. Appalled by the disaster
which overtook tiie badly-catalogued collection of Sir William Jardine,
which was sold for a fraction of its real value, Canon Tristram prepared
and printed a catalogue of his own collection. This was purchased by
the Liverpool Museum. His interest in Ornithology is, however, as keen
as ever, though he writes no more. In a letter recently received by me,
he says : ** It is something to have known in my youth Jardine, Selby,
Yarrell, Salmon, Johnstone, and the Hancocks."

Turin^ Royal Zoological Museum.

60 s|)ecimens from Shoa. Received in exchange. [93. 11. 20, 1-60.]
Three species, Cypseim shdleyi, Elceocerthia rayazzii and Urobmchya
traversif were new to the collection.

Turner (Mr.).

54 specimens from various localities. Purchased [37. 7. 15, 67-100;
39. 4. 15, 1-6; 39. 12. 18, 25-34; 43. 2. 9, 1-16].

13 birds from Pacific Islands. Purchased [46. 7. 29, 1-13].

27 Humming-birds. Purchased [47. 3. 27, 1-37].

9 Skeletons. Purchased [51. 7. 28, 37-45].

Turner was a dealer, whode specimens often wanted exact localities.
Most of them have now been transferred to the duplicates.

Tweeddale (Arthur, 9th Marquess of).

16 birds from Ceylon. Presented [66. 5. 28, 1-16].

10 birds from Guatemala, Burma, etc. Presented [76. 2. 22, 1-10].
6 specimens of Olaucidium and Oarrulax leucotist Oecinus erythropy-
giu8, new to the collection.

See also Ramsay, R. G. Wardlaw.

Tweedmouth (Lord).

954 specimens of British birds. Humming-birds, Birds of Paradise, and
Game-birds. Presented. [1905. 11. 11, 1-954.]

U.S. National Museum.

20 specimens of Hirundinidm from various localities in North America.
Presented. [84. 7. 30, 10-29.]

119 specimens of Mniotiltidm from North America. Presented. [84.
11. 21, 1-119.]

227 specimens of FringilUdm and Icteridm from North America. Pre-
sented. [85. 2. 6, 1-227.]

502 Zoology.

The U.S. National Museum, like the Smithsonian Institution, has
always heen a steadfast friend of the British Museum, and the ahove
collections were sent to aid the production of the *' Catalogue of Birds.*'

Upcher (H. M.).

11 birds from Buenos Aires. Presented. [97. 3. 16, 1-11.]

Mr. Upcher is a well-known Norfolk naturalist. He was one of the

early members of the British Ornithologists' Union, and accompanied

Canon Tristram on one of his expeditions to Palestine.
€f. « Who's Who," 1905, p. 1637.

UBsher (Hebbebt Tatlob), 0.M,0.
See also Gbbbard, £.

8 birds from Lagos. Purchased. [74. 2. 21, 27-34.]

144 birds from Lumbidan and Brunei, N.W. Borneo and Labuan
Island. Purchased. [77. 9. 27, 1-144.]

This collection contained the types of Lchiophasis castaneicaudattu,
FiUa u$8?ierij and Cypseltu lovoi, described by me in the ' Proceedings ' of
the Zoological Society for 1877 and 1879.

7 birds from Sarawak and the Lawas Biver. Presented. [78. 5. 4,

1-7.]
31

birds from Lawas River and Labuan. Presented. [78. 5. 30, 1-3.]
Gk)vemor Ussher was an enthusiastic naturalist, and collected in
most of the colonies of which he was the head. When Grovernor of the
Gold Coast he made extensive collections in the interior, employing a
native hunter and skinner named Aubinn in the forests of Denkera.
Many new species were discovered by him, and his collections were
divided between Capt. Shelley and myself. When appointed to Labuan,
he made great exertions to discover the exact relation of the avifauna of
the island to that of the opposite coast, and sent home valuable collections^
which I described in the ' Ibis ' for 1879.

Usslier (R. J.).

5 birds from Algeria. Presented. [1905. 4. 17, 1-6.]

Van Dam (D. C).

15 birds from Reunion. Presented. [73. 5. 9, 9-23.]
Van Dam was the companion of Pollen on the tatter's expedition to
Madagascar. I met him in Leyden in 1873, and he gave me a few
specimens from Reunion, which he had procured on that expedition.

Vaaghan {Lieut).

7 specimens (in spirits) of Tatare vattghani, Sharpe, Bull. RO.C,
xi., p. 2 (1900), from Pitcairn Island. Presented. [1900. 11. 26, 1-7.]

Veitch (Habby).

77 birds from the Lawas River and Mount Kina Balu in N.W. Borneo,
as well as the Sulu Islands, collected by Mr. F. Burbidge. Presented.
[83. 9. 20, 1-77.]

Mr. Burbidge was a botanical collector sent out to Borneo by the great
firm of horticulturists. He made some good observations on the bird-life
of the country, and discovered three new species, Tanygnathue httrbidgei^
Buchanga stigmatope^ and Oallus stramineicollis, (Jf, Sharpe, P.Z.S.,
1879, pp. 311-317; Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 432, pL xi.

8 specimens from the Aifak Mts. in N.W. New Guinea, one, Oreocharis
arfaki, being new to the collection. Presented. [94. 2. 16, 1-8.]

Birds. 503

Verdey {Madame A,).

13 birds from Siberia, collected by Dr. Dybowski. Purchased. [75.
3. 15, 1—13.]

26 South American birds, mostly from Cayenne. Presented. [81. 2.
26,1-25.] J • J L

Madame Verdey carried on the business of the Maison Verreaux in
Paris after the Verreaux family had given it up.

Vemer (Col. Willoughby).

4 specimens of the Little Tern from Dunseness. Presented. [87. 7.
20, 1-4.]

25 birds and 19 eggs from the Sudan. Presented. [87. 12. 22, 1-25 ;
88. 2. 15, 1-19.]

6 birds from Crete. Presented. [87. 12. 30, 1-6.]

Verreaux, Maison.

84 birds from Graboon, Cape Colony and NataL Purchased. [43. 11.
17,1-80; 51.2.26,1-4.]

164 birds from various localities. Purchased. [51. 7. 23, 7-33 ;
52. 3. 5, 21-26 ; 52. 5. 12, 1-45 ; 53. 3. 7, 1-11 ; 84. 1. 17, 1-75.1

52 birds, mostly from Gaboon. Purchased. [54. 5. 23, 1-52.]

127 birds from various localities. Purchased. [56. 4. 25, 1-37 ;
55. 5. 29, 1-8; 55. 7. 10, 1-40; 55. 9. 4, 1-11; 56. 8. 12, 2-9, 11-13.]
Among these was the type of Myiagra modesta^ Gray.

149 birds from various localities, chiefly Central and South America.
Purchased. [56. 11. 5, 1-27 ; 56. 12. 17, 1-5 ; 58. 2. 4, 1-48 ; 59. 2. 26,
1-48 ; 69. 2. 25, 2-17 ; 59. 6. 28, 5-14 ; 60. 7. 21, 1-17 ; 60. 8. 24, 3-8 ;
62. 1. 17, 8-11 ; 62. 2. 11, 1-5; 62. 8. 26, 1-11.]

18 birds from New Caledonia, Formosa, etc. Purchased. [64. 11. 30,
32-49.]

31 birds from W. Africa, Madagascar, etc. Purchased. [66. 6. 22,
1-21 ; 66. 7. 21, 1-10.]

152 birds from various localities. Purchased. [67. 6. 18, 1-49 ;
69. 5. 10, 1-42 ; 70. 4. 18, 1-61.]

The Maison Verreaux was one of the greatest, if not the greatest,
emporium of natural history that the world has ever seen. The three
brothers, Jules, £douard, and Alexis were collecting in South Africa at
the time of Sir Andrew Smith's expeditions, and they mounted the
specimens which were afterwards exhibited in London, and ultimately
became the property of the British Museum.

The whole of the beautiful collection formed by the three brothers
was lost at sea, and on the return of Jules and !^ouard to Paris (Alexis
having died in South Africa), the Maison Verreaux was founded. Jules
was afterwards Curator of the Ornithological Department of the Paris
Museum for many years, and, in his spare time, he determined and
labelled the birds in the Maison Verreaux. The specimens were often
issued without any exact indicition of locality, but had attached to them
in Jules' handwriting a large label giving the synonymy from Bonaparte's
*' Conspectus,** without which book J ules never traveUed. He possessed an
immense knowledge of birds, probably greater than any man of his
generation.

See Du Chaillu.

Victoria^ Govemment of.

58 birds and 226 e2gs from Victoria. Presented. [1901. 6. 10,
1-226; 1904.4.29,2-59.]

504 Zoology.

Vieira (Dr. Lopez). '

35 birds from Portugal Presented. [86. 11. 20, 1-9 ; 86. 12. 19,
1-12; 87.3.18,1-14.]

Vienna^ Hof. Maseum.

7 birds from Austria. Presented. [72. 10. 26, 46-52.]
ViUiers (Mrs. R).

7 Weaver Finches, died in captivity. Presented. [1905. 7. 11, 1-2 ;
1906. 7. 27, 1-2 ; 1905. 8. 4, 1 ; 1905. 9. 2, 2 ; 1905. 9. 17, 1.]

ViUiers {Col K).

2 specimens of the Capercailzie {Tetrao urogaMus) from Aberdeen-
shire. Presented. [1905. 6. 2, 1-2.]

Vincent {Oapt. B.).

A specimen of QitenruedtUaformosa from Corea. Presented. [1904.
6. 1, 1.]

Vingoe (Mr.).

See Janson, E. W.

Vorderman (Dr.).

11 birds from Java, including the type of Siphia vordennani, Sharpe,
and Turdinw lepidopleurug and Corythocichla epilepidota, new to the
collection.

Dr. Vorderman is Government Physician at Batavia, and has written
much on the Avifauna of Java. Hearin^^; from me that there were some
Javanese s[)ecies unrepresented in the Museum, he very kindly sent the
above specimens.

Waddell {Surgeon-Col L. A.).

21 specimens from Darjiling, including the type of Oarrvlax wadddli.
Presented. [96.6.30,1-21.]

Colonel Waddell was attached to the Tibet Mission of 1903-4, and
collected several birds. These, however, did not come to the British
Museum with the rest of the collections of the expedition, but were sold
privately.

Wakefield {Bw, Thomas).
See Sharps, R. Bowdleb.

Waldo.

See Meade- Waldo.

Walker (Theodobk).

The groups of the Magpie, Linnet, Nightingale, Skylark, Moorhen,
and Great Crested Grebe, with the nests and <^gs, from Leicestershire, for
the Exhibition Gallery. Presented. [78. 12. 31, 7-14.]

114 birds from various localities in Great Britain, mostly Sea-birds
from St. Kilda, Isle of Skye and Lincolnshire. Presented. [79. 4. 21,
1-9; 79. 12. 6, 1-8; 81. 7. 13, 1-34; 81. 10. 20, 1-34; 82. 10. 12, 1-29.]

Wallace (Br, Alfred Russel), F,B.S,

See Stevens, S.
27 Accipitres from Amazonia. Purchased. [73. 3. 19, 1-27.]
Dr. Wallace very kindly allowed me to have his collection of Birds of

Birds. 505

Prey for the purposes of my first volume of the " Catalogue of Birds.**
The rest of his south American collection fiassed into Dr. F. 0. God-
man's possession, and has been presented by the latter gentleman to
the Museum. Dr. Wallace's collection was described by Dr. Sclater
and Mr. Salvin (P.Z.S., 1867, p. 666).

2474 birds from the Malay Archipelago. Purchased. [73. 5. 12,
1-2474.]

This was Dr. Wallace's celebrated collection from the Malay Peninsula
and Archipelago, Celebes and the Molucca Islands, and New Guinea.

The following types were included : Criniger mystaoatis^ C, simplex,

C. longirostris, Cyomu rufifftda, OryptolopJia hdiantheOf Zosterops

atrifrons, Acrocephaltts insidariSf Gerygone palpebroMj G. sulphureUy

O, neglecta, G. inomoUa, G. wperctiiosa, Aetnomyias spilodera, PhyUo-

Scopus flavescensy Manarcha lancata, M, dichroa, Saxicoia dumetoriaf

Campephaga marginata, Chrysococcyx pcecHurus, Cacoinantis megarhyu'

chm, Ficus sondaicuSf Rhipidura torrida, B. longicauda, M. hyperythra,

R, emeria, R. bouruensis, R, diltUa, Fachycephala xanthocnemiSy F,

ru/encenSy F, mentaliSf F, cliOy F, brunnea, Turdus erythropterus, Cisiicola

/uscicapilla, C. rustica, Megalurus iimorensis, ButcUis hypogrammicay

Cyornis ruji/rons, Fiezorhynchus nitens, Myiagra pueUa, Todopsis gray*,

Corydalla media, Fitta rtUyrinitchaf F. crassirosiris, Cypselus in/umatus,

Nectarinia grayi, N. proaerpina, Myzomda simplex, Nectarinia flavo-

striata, N, porphyrolama, Dicmum ignifer, D, mdneratum, Ftilotis

sonorides, F, virescens, Tropidorhynchus plumigenis, T, fusdcapiUus,

Frionochilus aurcolimhatiM, Oriolus frontalis, Fereicrocotus exiU,

j^gotheles vnUlacei, Myiolestes affinis, Estrdda flavidiventris, Munia

pallida, M. tristissima, Erythrura modesta, Tanysiptera a^, T, doris,

T, sabrina, T. hydrocharis, T. galatea. Halcyon nigrocyanea, Ceyx

cajelij Halcyon ru/a, Coryphilus pulchella, TricJioglossns coccinei-

frons, Cydopsitta hlythi, Loriculus sdateri, L. flosculus, L. amabHis,

Tanygnathtts affinis, T. albirostris, Elanus hypoleuctts, Accipiter ery-

thrauchen. A, rvhricollis, Astur nquaiorialis, A. mudleri, A. wallacei,

A, griseogularis, A. JienicogrammiM, Athene florensis, Scops sylvicola,

S. leucospila, Athene hantu. A, rufostrigata. Baza stenozona, Spizaetus

nanus, S, gumeyi, Cuncuma leucoga^ter, Eudynamis facialis, Graucalus

cxruleogriseus, Calomis gtUaris, C. placidus, Dicrurus megalomis, D.

atrocceruleus, D. amhoynensis, D. pectoralis, Cacatua cristatella, Treron

pulvertdenta, T, floris, Ftilopus hwneralis, P. celebensis, Macropygia

balchianensis, M, macassariensis, M. magna, Chalcophaps hombroni,

Ardea amensis, Rallus plumbeiventris, R, tricolor, R. cdehensis, RaUina

mohiccana, R. rufigenis, Gallinula frontata, Tumix rufilattis, and T.

rufescens.

See his book, * Malay Archipelago,' 1869.
Cf. * Who's Who,' 1904, p. 1583.

Walsingham (Lord), F.B.S.

106 birds from Mt. Shasta, California. Presented. [81. 12. 10,
1-106.]

12 specimens of the Wild Duck (Anas hoscas), showing the moults
and various stages of plumage. Presented. [98. 12. 23, 1-10.]

The following mounted groups of British birds, with their ne^tts and
eggs or young, have been presented by Lord Walsingham : —

Starling (Stumus vulgaris), Norfolk.

Jay (Oarirulus glandarius), with eggs, Norfolk.

Jay (Oarrvlus glandarius), with young, Norfolk.

606 Zoology.

Lesser Redpoll (JAnota rufe9cen»\ Norfolk.

Chaffinch (Fringilla coBlib$\ Norfolk.

Hawfinch {CoecotkraiuteB eoeaotkrauBtet), Norfolk.

Goldfinch (Cardudis cardudisX with young, Norfolk.

Yellow Ammer (Emberiza eitrinella), Norfolk.

Reed Bunting (Emberiza tchtBnielu9% Norfolk.

Skylark (Alauda arven$i9\ Norfolk.

Yellow Wagtail (MotaeiUa eampettrU), Norfolk.

Pied Wagtail (MotaeiUa lugvbrUX Norfolk.

Tree-Pipit (AfUhw trivialU)^ with yonng, Norfolk.

Ring-Ouzel (TurduB torquatw)^ Yorkshire.

Mistle-Tbrush (TurduB vtwivoruB)^ Norfolk.

Dipper {CinduB aqwUieua), Yorkahire.

Whinchat (FraHnoola rubetra), Norfolk.

Stonechat IPraiinooia rubieola\ Norfolk.

Wheatear iSaoneola cmanihe), Norfolk.

Willow-warbler (PhyUoftcopua troehUuB\ Norfolk.

Sand-martin (Riparia riparia\ Norfolk.

Whitethroat (Sylvia dnerea), Norfolk.

Oarden Warbler (Sylvia korteruis), Norfolk.

Sedge Warbler (Aeroeephalua phraqmiU$\ Norfolk.

Tree Creeper (Certhia/amUiarift\ Norfolk.

Nuthatch (SUta emna), Norfolk.

Spotted Flycatcher (MtMeioapa gritda), Norfolk.

Oolden-crest (RegvluB orietatus)^ with eggs, Norfolk.

Great Titmouse (Parus major), Norfolk.

Green Woodpecker (Gecinut viridu\ Norfolk.

Greater Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrooopu» major\ Norfolk.

Wryneck (lynx (orquiUa), Norf.)lk.

Wood-pigeon (Cdumba palwnbuB), Norfolk.

Turtle-dove (Turtur turtur)^ Norfolk.

LitUe Grebe (Podieipe^ fluviataia), Norfolk.

Cuckoo (CucuZtts oanortM), Norfolk.

Hedge-sparrow (TharrhaleuB modular i8\ with young.

Nightjar (Caprimulgus europawt), Norfolk.

Long-eared Owl (Asio otus), Norfolk.

Sparrow-Hawk (Aceipiter n%suM\ Norfolk.

Golden Plover (CharadriuB pluvialisy, Yorkshire.

Lapwing ( Vandlw vandlw\ Yorkshire.

Snipe (Qallinago gdttinago), Norfolk.

Stone-Plover ((Edienemua osdicnemtu), Norfolk.

Gadwall (ChauUUumuB Ureperua), Norfolk.

Teal (NeUion oreooa), Norfolk.

Shoveler (Spatula dypeata), Norfolk.

Tufted Duck (Fuligula cristata), Norfolk.

Pochard (Nyroca ferina)^ Norfolk.

Walter (N. F.).

157 nests and eggs of British Birds. Presented. [51. 7. 7, 1-44;
51. 12. 1, 6-7; 52. L 7, 1-27; 52. 3. 20, 29-92; 52. IL 29, 3-22.]

5 eggs from Spain and 35 from Cape Colony. Presented. [54. 1. 9,
1-5; 54.10.24,1-35.]

Walton (Capt. H. J.) {Naturalist to the Tibet FrofUier Commisiion).
416 birds from S. Tibet, etc., including types of several new species.
[1905. 12. 31, 1-416.]

Ward (Rowland).

12 birds from Madagascar. Purchased. [97. 11. 3, 1-12.]
8 birds from Ashanti. Presented. [99. 10. 23, 1-6.]

Birds. 507

A specimen of the Shoe-billed Stork (BcUssniceps rex) from Lake
Mweru, British Central Africa. Presented. [1900. 2. 26, l.J

Warsaw, Branicki Museum.

51 birds from Siberia and Peru, including the following species
new to the collection, Fcecile brevirostrisy P, obtecta, P, kamtchatkensis,
Pyrrhula cinerea, Sitta amurensis, Acrocephalua histrigiceps^ Thinocorus
orbignianus, Chrallaria andicola, Ftdica gigantea, Penelope rufiventria
and Vanellus respiendens. Received in exchange. [74. 5. 19, 8—57.]

Warwick.

326 birds from various localities. Purchased. [30. 12. 18, 1-24;
41. 2. 302-401; 44. 6. 2, 34-44; 44. 10. 19, 1-59; 44. 11. 15, 10-35;
44. 12. 29, 2-25; 45. 3. 6, 5-7.]

23 birds from South Australia and Port Natal. Purchased. [45. 3. 15,
26-39; 45.4.5,3-11.]

41 birds from various localities. Purchased. [46. 1. 31, 61-67;
46. 4. 8, 8-42.]

35 birds from Java. Purchased. [46. 11. 24, 3-37.]

161 skeletons of birds and 136 eggs. Purchased. [46. 12. 4, 1-29;

48. 3. 8, 1-39; 50. 12. 28, 1-29; 51. 7. 5, 5-12; 51. 9. 26, 1-35;
52. 2. 20, 1-14; 52. 5. 10, 6-10; 52. 6. 4, 1-20; 52. 7. 22, 1-10;

52. 11. 22, 1-38; 52. 12. 5, 16-20; 53. 1. 18, 4-29; 53. 5.4, 20-35;

53. 7. 12, 7-13, 16-17; 53. 10. 13, 1-19; 53. 10. 23, 3-14.]

222 birds from various localities. Purchased. [49. 11. 21, 1-7;

49. 12. 4, 1-24; 50. 8. 15. 11-161; 51. 1. 24, 1-36; 50.' 4. 11. 1-12;
51. 7. 4, 1-2.]

93 birds from various localities. Purchased. [52. 11. 22, 40-52;
55. 8. 31, 1-15; 55. 10. 4, 1-2; 55. 11. 20, 1-9; 57. 3. 8, 1-14;
58. 1. 11, 38-77.]

Waterstadt (John).
See Gerbabd, E.
[For descriptions of his collections sent from the Moluccas, cf, Hartert,
Nov. ZooL, v., pp. 88-91 (1898); ix., pp. 537-680 (1902); x., pp. 1-17
(1903); pp. 43-64.]

Watkius and Doncaster (Measra.),

15 birds from N. Cachar, collected by Mr. J. Inglis (q>v.). Purchased.
[81. 10. 17, 1-15.]

WatUng (T.).

See pp.

Watson (J.).

50 birds from the neighbourhood of David, Chiriqui. Purchased.
[98. 10. 7, 1-19; 98. 11. 23, 1-31.]

Way {Colonel),

85 birds from N.W. India. Presented. [81. 9. 20, 1-85.]

Webb.

23 birds from the vicinity of Shanghai, including the type of Suthora
wehbiana. Presented. [52. 3. 19, 2-24.]

Webster (F. B.) and Harris (C. M.).

718 specimens from the Webster-Harris expedition to the Galapagos
Archipelago (c/. Rothschild, Nov. Zool.). Purchased. [99. 9. 1, 1-718.}

608 Zoology.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild and Dr. Hartert have written a memoir
on this great expedition, the chief series of specimens, with the types
of the new species, being in Mr. Rothschild's collection. Cf. Nov. Zool.,
vi., pp. 85-205, pis. v., vi. (1899). The British Museum secured the
second set, and the following species were new to the collection :
Nesomimus mcuxUmaldi^ N, adamsi, N, personatusy N. barringtoni, N,
hulli, N, bindloeit N. hauri, Certhtdea ridgwayi, C, luteola, C. becki, C,
menialis^ C. cinerascenSy (7. hi/cuciata, Oeospiza platyrhynchaj G. coni-
rosiriSy G. propinqua, G, albemarleif G, dubia, G./ratercula, G. minor,
G, acutirostrisy G. dibilirostris, G, intermedia, G,/atigata, G. batring-
ioni, G, septentrioncUis, G, salvini, G, townundi, G. pauper, G, incerta,
and G. affinis.

Weiske (Emil).

47 birds and 78 eggs from the interior of British New Guinea.
Purchased. [1901. 4. 28, ]-47 ; 1901. 7. 4, 1-78.]

lliis collection contained the types of several species described by
Professor Reichenow (Om. M.B., ix., pp. 185-188), Eutolmaetus weiskei,
Oreopsittacus frontalis, Cofiomantis lueiskei, Syma weiskei (= S. megar-
hyncha, $ ; cf. Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., viii., p. 149), GrauocdtM
comix, Bhectes phmocephalus, Rhectes schistaceus, Chasmostoma weiskei,
all from S. E. New Guinea, Climacteris toeiskei, from N. Queensland.

The following species were new to the collection: Astur melano-
chlamys, Syma megarhyncka, Bhipidura aurictUaris, R. fallaac, Pachy-
cephaia obscurior, Heteromyias armiti, PcscUodryoB caniceps, P. subcyanus,
Naaitema bruijni, Ifrita coronata, Sericomts nigrorufa, S. perspicillata,
and Melanocharis striativentris,

Wellington, New Zealand. Colonial MnseunL

80 birds from New Zealand and the Chatham Islands, including a
specimen of Apteryx haasti, new to the collection. Received in exchange.
[75. 7. 2, 1-89.]

West Australia, Government o£

98 specimens of West Australian birds. Presented. [94. 10. 26,
1-98].

This collection formed the exhibit of the Government of Western
Australia at the Colonial Exhibition held in London. The specimens
were of value to the Museum, as very few examples of birds Irom this
portion of the Australian Continent were in the National Collection.

West Australian Museum, Perth, W.A. {Dr. Bbbnabd

Woodward, Director).
32 specimens of Accipitres from various ^psxta of Western Australia,

5 resented through Dr. Bernard H. Woodward, the Director of the W. A.
[useum. [1902. 12. 30, 1-32.]
52 birds from Western Australia, including six species new to the
collection. [1905. 1. 24, 1-52.]

Wharton (C. Bygrave).

25 specimens from Darjiling. Presented. [76. 2. 3, 16-40.]
3 specimens from Corsica. Presented. [76. 7. 26, 1-3.]

Wharton (Hbnry T.).

16 eggs from New Zealand. Presented. [98. 7. 3, 2-17.]

Birds. 509

Whitaker (J. I. S.).

40 birds from South Tunis, including specimens of Bhodopechys alinm^
Whitaker, and Oarrulus mnopSy Whitaker, new to the collection. Pre-
sented. [98. 10. 12, 1-40.1

3 specimens of the Sicilian Long-tailed Tit (JSgithalw sicuItUy
Whitaker), new to the collection. Presented. [1902. 10. 27, 1-3.]

2 specimens of the Red-necked Gt)atsucker (Caprtmulgus ruficoUis)
from Southern Spain. Presented. [1905. 11. 18, 1-2.]

Whitehead (John).

See also Gerbakd, E. ; Jakson, 0.

69 specimens from Corsica, including the type of Sitta whiteheadu
Presented. [84. 7. 16, 1-69.]

36 specimens from Palawan, Philippine Islands. Purchased. [89. 1.
20, 1-36].

The foUowins; species were new to the collection: Prionituru^
cyaneiceps, Siphia erythacm, Xantholestes panayemis, Ftilocichla falcata^
Frionochilus johannx {cf, Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp. 38-61, pi. ii.)

60 specimens from N.W. Borneo and Mount Kina Balu, including an
example of Cissa jejferyi new to the collection. Presented. [89. 7. 1,
1-600

Mr. Whitehead's wonderful collection made on Mount Kina Balu was
described by me in the « Ibis ' (1887, pp. 435-454, pis. xiii., xiv. ; 1888,
pp. 383-396, pis. ix.-xii. ; 1889, pp. 63-85, pis. ii.-iv., 185-205, pis. vii.,
viii., 266-283, pi. ix., 409-443, pis. xii., xiii ; 1890, pp. 133-149, pi. iv.,
273-292, pi. viii.). 5 new genera and 42 new species were described in
the above-mentioned Memoirs.

9 birds and nests from Luzon and Negros. Presented. [96. 2. 3, 1-3 ;
96. 10. 31, 1-6.]

Mr. Whitehead presented the nest, with the birds, of Dicmum
pygmceum, D. Jusmatostictum and JEthopyga magnifica.

12 specimens from N.W. Luzon. Purchased. [97. 3. 10, 1-12.]
Cf, Grant, Ibis, 1894, pp. 501-522, pis. xiv., xv.

116 birds from the Philippine Islands, including the types of Fithe-
cophaga jeffreyi and Batrachostamtts microrhynchus. Symium whiteheadi
was new to the collection. Purchased. [97. 6. 14, 1-116.] (Cf. Grant,
Ibis, 1897, pp. 209-250, pis. v. and vi.)

74 birds* eggs from the Philippine Islands. Purchased. [98. 4. 11,
1-74.] (Cf, Grant and Whitehead, Ibis, 1898, pp. 231-249, pis. v.
and vi. Cf. Whitehead, Field-notes on birds collected in the Philippine
Islands in 1893-6, Ibis, 1899, pp. 81-111, 210-246, 381-399, 485-601.
Notice of death, t.c. p. 642.)

Cf, Diet. Nat. Biogr., Suppl.

Whitehead (Jeppeby).

13 eggs from Java and Mount Kina Balu. Presented. [1905. 2. 24,
1-13].

Father of John Whitehead, the celebrated explorer and collector.

Whitehead Expedition, Subscribers to the.

See Thomasson, J. T. ; Seebohm, H.

69 birds from the Philippine Islands. Presented. [97. 5. 13, 1-66 ;

97. 12. 11, 1-48.] Included the types of the following species : — Musdoa^

pula saTnarensis, M, luzonensisy Bhabdomis minoTy B, inomatus^ Turdus

nigrorum, T. mindorensiSy Tumix whiteheadi, Carpophaga mindorensiSy

610 Zoology.

Zosteromis dennistouni, Z, striaiuSf Z. whiUheadi^ Z. pygmteus, Hypsi-
petes fugensis, Frioniturus montaniu, CofloccUia whiteheadi, Fyrrhula
leucogenys, Fsetidotharraleus caudatusy Brachypteryx poliogyna, Scops
whiteheadi, Rhinomyias insignia^ Zosterops aureiloris, Z, luzunica,
Cinnyris jiagrans, U, whitehMdi^ C, obscurior, JEthopyga flavipectus,
Hyloterpe aihiventris, Stoparda nigrimontalis, Ceitia seebohmiy Chimar-
rhomis hicdor, Jxinitia wdidirostris, DendrophUa mesoleuca, Dicosum
Imoniensef Loxia luzanensis, Scops langicomU, Chlorura brunneiventris.

Whitely (G. M.).

Nephew of Henry Wliitely. He collected in Honduras.
Of. Sclater and Salvin, P.Z.S., 1870, pp. 835-839.

Whitely (Henry).

34 birds from Senegambia and Madagascar. Purchased. [66. 1. 30,
2-24 ; 66. 6. 9,1-11.]

14 birds from Japan, collected by his son, Henry Whitely, jun. Pur-
chased. [67. 2. 21, 1-14.] (Of. Ibis, 1867. pp. 193-211, pL iii.).

120 birds from various localities. Purchased. [67. 5. 24, 1-14 ;
67. 11. 30, 1-14; 68. 6. 20, 1-58 ; 69. 5. 12, 4:-19.]

Many of these were from his son's collections from Peru (Arequipa,
Tinta, and the Tambo Valley).

25 birds from Peru (Oosinpata, Tinta, etc.), collected by Henry
Whitely, jun. [70. 6. 10, 1-25.J

40 birds from China and Hainan, collected by Consul Swinhoe, dupli-
cated from the Swinhoe CoUection. Purchased. [72. 5. 27, 40-79.]

82 birds from various localities. Purchased. [72. 6. 1, 1-11 ; 72. 10.
4, 47-52 ; 72. 11. 22, 4:-ll ; 73. 1. 10, 1-17J

174 specimens from various localities. Purchased. [74. 4. 2, 13-25 ;
74. 8. 19, 1-11; 75. 3. 31, 6-14; 75. 6. 24, 9-26; 76. 1. 6, 1-90; 76. 2.
17, 1-22 ; 78. 3. 28, 1-11.]

17 specimens from Yquitos, Upper Amazonia, collected by his son,
Henry Whitely, jun. Purchased. [79. 3. 26, 1-17.]

Forzana hauxtveUi was new to the collection.

57 birds from various localities. Purchased. [80. 4. 30, 1-34 ;
80. 10. 13, 1-23.]

Old Mr. Whitely was formerly employed in Woolwich Arsenal, and
was Curator of the Royal Artillery Institution's MuseunL He had a
Natural History Agency in Wellington Street, Woolwich.
See ScLATEB, P. L. ; (Rodman, P. D. ; Salvin, 0.

Whitely (Henry), jun.

Son of the above. A most enterprising traveller and collector in
Japan and in various countries of South America. He died in the interior
ot British Guiana, and an obituary notice of his career appears in the
* Ibis ' for 1893 (pp. 287-288).

Whitmee (Bar. J. S.).

6 specimens of Collooalia from Samoa (in spirits). Presented.
[76. 6. 9, 1-6.]

152 birds and eggs from Samoa, Savage Island, the EUice Islands,
Loyalty Isles, etc. Purchased. [78. 1. 19, 1-14, 36-163.] {Cf. Whit-
mee, Ibis, 1875, pp. 436-447; Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1878, pp. 271-274.)
Includes the type of Lalage whitmeei.

Birds. 511

Whyte (Alexander).

See Gerrabd, E. ; Shelley, Capt, G. E.
Mr. Wbyte was a chemist in Ceylon, but turning his attention to
Natural History he made some interesting collections in that island. He
was for a long time Assistant to Sir Harry Johnston in Nyasa Land,
being a good botanist and an all-round collector. He has since done some
exceUent work in Uganda and Liberia.

Wickham (Cajpiain F.).

13 birds from the Chin Hills, including a male of BIytVs Tragopan
(Tragopan hlythi). Presented. [98. 11. 1, 1-13.]

Wickham (H. A.).

A specimen of Megapodius duperreyi from the Couflict Islands,
British New Guinea. Presentwi. [1904. 7. 28, 1.]

Wilday (A. Gasooiqnb).

12 birds (presented) and 18 (purchased) from Hamilton Island, Corea.
[91. 4. 30, 1-12 ; 91. 6. 3, 1-18.]

WilliamB (T. B.).

10 nestlings and embryos from Canada. Presented. [1901. 7. 21,
1-10.]

WUBon (C. J.).

A specimen of the White-fronted Goose {Aruer aXbifrons) from
CO. Galway. Presented. [1904. 6. 15, 1.]

Wilson (Dr. E. A.).

iSee Antarctic Expedition: ^* Discovery,"

Wilson (Edward).

270 birds from various localities. Presented. [46. 7. 16, 1-270.]
24 birds from Nicaragua. Presented. [47. 1. 16, 1-24.]
10 specimens of Humming Birds. Presented. [47. 3. 18, 1-10.]
Edward Wilson was the brother of Thomas B. Wilson, who was
Prci^ident of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and con-
tributi'd so largely to the collt^ctions of the Academy. His brother
Edward acted as his agent in Europe, and procured for America the GK)uld
collection of Australian birds and the great Mass^ua collection in Paris.
In the latter business he was helped by Dr. J. E. Gray of the British
Museum, and probably in acknowledgment of this assistance, he gave
a certain number of specimens to this Museum. Among them was the
type of Scdoglaux cUbi/ades from New Zealand. (Of, Witmer Stone,
Auk, xvi., pp. 166-177, 1899.)

Wilson (J. W.).

A Fire-backed Pheasant (Lophura ignita) from North Borneo. Pre-
sented. [1905. 4. 9, 1.]

Wingate {Captain A. W. S.).

184 specimens from Yun-nan, including 6 species new to the col-
lection, and the types of Sitta yunnanensis, Lania nigric^ and Siva
wingatei. {Of. Grant, Ibis, 1900, pp. 573-606, pi. xii.)

512 Zoology.

Winton.

See De Winton.

Witherby (H. F.).

37 >>ird8 from the White Nile, including the type of Cisticola aHdula,
Witberhy, and Anthoscopus punctifronSf new to the collection. Presented.
[1901. 3. 27, 1-36 ; 1901. 12. 12, 1.]

Mr. Witherby has written several essays on the birds he has studied
in different lands. His travels have been extensive, and their scope is
best illustrated by the titles of the Memoirs he has published: — *' Forest
birds" (8vo, 1894); "Birds of S.W. Spain" (Knowledge, 1899); "On
the Birds observed in the Kola Peninsula" (Ibis, 1900, pp. 475-492);
"An Ornithological Expedition to the White Nile" C^^is, 1901, pp.
237-278); "Bird-hunting on the White Nile" (8vo, 1902); "An
Ornithological Journey in Fars, S.W. Persia" (Ibis, 1903, pp. 501-571).

Withington {Dr, F.).

See ScLATEB, Dr. P. L.

WoUey (John).

This prince of field naturalists laid the foundation of all that splendid
method of collecting specimcDs of natural history, especially birds' eggs,
which has been the distinguishing feature of the work done by British
Ornithologists since his day. A certain number of specimens obtained by
him in Scandinavia and Lapland are in the British Museum, but his
collection of eggs was bequeathed to his friend Professor Newton, who
has published a most interesting and important record of the collection in
" Ootfieca Wolleyana^ vols, i., ii.

Wood {Ueut).

See Kellett and Wood.

Woodford (Charles M.).

35 birds from the Solomon Islands. Purchased. [87. 1. 17, 1-35.]

6 species new to the collection, and the type of a new Crow, Macro-
corax woodfordi.

57 birds from the island of Guadalcanar, Solomon Archipelago. Pur-
chased. [88.2.7,1-57.]

Many new species described {cf, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, pp. 182-186 ;
Grant, P.Z.S., 1887): Astur shebm, Sharpe (= A. pulcheUua, Ramsay; cf.
Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., xii., p. 251, 1905) ; A, wood/ordiy
Sharpe [= A, atbigtUariSj^QTuy : ♦trf.,Nov. Zool., viii., p. 379 (1901)]; A.
liolomekuy Sharpe [= -4. alhigularis^ var. rnelanot. ud.y Nov. Zool., viii.,
p. 380 (1901)] ; Ninoxgrantif Sharpe; NaHtemaaolx, Grant; Oraucalus
hdopoliusy Sharpe ; Mdoliisoma erytkropygiale, Sharpe ; Pomarea erythro-
sticta, Sharpe; Myzomela sharpei, Grant [ = Jlf. dubia^ Ramsay]; Fhlo-
gotnas solomanensiSf Nycticorax rnandibul^iris. Grant ; ArdeiraAa wood-
fordi, Sharpe.

68 specimens from Guadalcanar, New Georgia, Rubiana, and Alu.
Presented. [88.3.9,1-68.]

[Cf. Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, pp. 182-185; Grant, P.Z.S., 1887, pp.
328-333, pi. xxvii.; 1888, pp. 185-204, pi. x. ; Woodford, "A Naturalist
among the Head-Hunters ot the Solomon Islands " (8vo, 1890).]

Cf. 'Who's Who,' 1905, p. 1768.

Birds. 513

Woodward (Bernard), Director of the West Au$traKan Museum,
Perth,
See West Australian Museum.

Woodward (R. B. and J. D. S.).
See Gerrard, E.
20 specimens from Zululand. Purchased. [99. 4. 3, 1-20.]
The brothers Woodward made some important collections in the Zulu
country, described by me in the *Ibis' for 1897, pp. 400-422, pi. x.,
pp. 495-517. They afterwards wrote an excellent summary of their work
with field-notes (cf. Woodward, Ibis, 1898, pp. 216-228, 517-526).

Woosnam {CapL R. B.).

See also Bailward, Colonel R. C.
65 birds from the Vaal River. Purchased. [1904. 11. 19, 1-65.]

Woosnam (R. B.) and Dent (R. E.).

237 birds from the Orange Colony. Purchased. [1904. 4. 1, 1-61 ;

1904. 11. 18, 1-176.]

41 birds from Bechuana Land. Purchased. [1904. 6. 7, 1-41],

09 birds from the Kuniman district. Cape Colony. Purchased.

[Ili04. 7. 23, 1-99.]

Worthen (K).

32 specimens from Texas, California, etc. Purchased. [1900. 11. 30,
11-32.]

Worthington (A. B. Bayley).

71 birds from Karakol, Tian Shan Mountains. Presented* [1905.
9. 14, 1-71.]

Wray (Leonard).

139 specimens from the State of Perak in the Malay Peninsula.
Presented. [86. 5. 11, 1-11; 86. 12. 22, 1-33; 87. 3. 20, 1-19; 88. 3.
18, 1-68; 88.9.9,1-8.]

Mr. Wray was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains of Perak,
and he discovered many new 8|)ecies, of which the types are now in the
British Museum — Artamides larutensis, Fericrocotus wrayi, P, croceus,
CryptoJopha daoisoni, Muscicapula VKstermanni, TrochaJopterum penin-
sulse, Melanocichla jyenitisularis, Gampsorhynchus saturatior, Alcippe
perfxcensisf Minla soror, Siva sordidior, Cutia cervinicriasum, jEthopyga
wrayiy ChrysopJdegma wrayi.

The Collections were described by me in the 'Proceedings* of the
Zooloiical Society (1»87, pp. 431-443, pis. xxxvii., xxxviii.; 1888,
pp. 26&-280, pi. XV.).

Cf, * Who's Who,' 1905, p. 1776.

Wyatt (Claude W.).

3 species new to the collection. Presented. [76. 3. 3, 1-3.]
Scotocerca inquieta, Carpodocus sinaiticus, from the Peninsula of

Sinai, and Pachyrhamphus cinnamomeus, from the Magdalena Valley,

U.S. Colombia.

Wyatt was an enthusiastic naturalist and a good artist. He visited

Palestine, Egypt and the Peninsula of Sinai, publishing the results of

his journey to the last-nauied place in the * Ibis ' for 1870 (pp. 1-18) ;
VOL. II. 2 L

514 Zoology.

cf. also the Ordnance Survey of Sinai, 1873. In 1870 he made a
Buccessful expedition to the Magdalena Valley in Ck>Iombia, and brought
back a good series of birds, St/nallaxU wyatti bein^ named after him by
Dr. Sclater (c/. Ibis, 1871, pp. 113-131, 319-335, 373-384. He travelled
to all quarters of the globe in order to procure appropriate sketches for
his pictures of scenery to illustrate the plates of the *' Monograph of the
Swallows," to which book the present writer supplied the letter-press.
His book on ** British Birds" (2 vols., 4to, 1894) was a labour of love to
him, and he took great delight in the production of the plates, all of which,
like those of the " Monograph of the Swallows," were drawn on stone by
himself.

Obituary, cf. Ibis, 1901, p. 347c.

Yerbury {Ool. J. W.).

103 birds and eggs from Aden. Presented. [84. 7. 19, l-«; 85. 12.
23, 1-24; 96. 5. 13, 1-58; 95. 5. 15, 1-13.]

Colonel Yerbury's donation of Aden birds was a very valuable one, as
the Museum had not a good series of birds from that locality. He has
written an important paper on the ornithology of the district ('Ibis,*
1886, pp. 11-24, pi. il).

Young {Ga^t J. B.), B.N,

20 eggs of the Sooty Tern ( Sterna fuliginosa) from Ascensdon Island.
Presented. [1904.6.4,1-20.].

Zaphiro (P.).

See also Maomillan, W. N.
57 birds and 34 eggs from Harar, Abyssinia. Purchased. [1902. 4. 8,
1-47; 1902.11.8,1-44.]

Mr. Zaphiro settled at Harar and interested himself in the study of
natural history. He was employed by Mr. W. N. MacMiUan to collect
for him on the Baro and Sobat Rivers.
See MacMillan.

Zincke {Bev, Babham).

60 eggs from Jamaica. Presented. [44. 1. 24, 1-60.

Zoological Society of London.

An Emu (Drommus ater) from South Australia [ = 2>.nov« Jiollandue,
Salvad., Cat B., xxvii, p. 588]. Presented. [37. 7. 8, 23.]

2 specimens, one being Anas chryaophthalma [= Clangula glauci(m].
Presented. [38.1.27,2.]

50 skulls and skeletons of birds. Purchased. [50. 11. 22, 75-95 ;
51. 11. 10. 40-68.]

403 specimens, purchased at the dispersal of the Society's Museum.
[55. 12. 19, 1-403.]

This collection contained a number of types from the voyage of the
Beagle and other early expeditions. A few of the type-specimens were
apparently missed by Mr. G. R. Gray, and found their way into other
collections, but the greater number of them passed into the British
Museum, as will be seen by the following list, compiled by Mr. Charles
Chubb.

The following types were included: Palmomis modeata (Fraser),
L<yrius superbus, Fraser [= L. cyanauchen^ S. MUIl. Cf, Salvad.,
Cat. B., XX., p. 36] ; I'richoglassus miUhdli, Gray ; Chrytotis augtuta
(Vig.) ; Fmocephalus ruppeUi (Gray) ; JRhodopechys sanguinea (Gould) ;

Birds. 515

Camarhynehus psittaculus, Gould; Cactamia affinis, Gtould; /Spcrmo-
phiia nigroffufaris, Gould [= S. cssrulescens (Vieill.) Of, Sbarpe, Cat. B.,
xii., p. 126]; Zonotrichia canicapittcL, Gould; Otocorys penecUlata
(Gould); Alauda sinetms^ Waterh. [ = Melanocorypha mongotica (Pall.)
Cy, Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 558]; Fringilla formosa, Gould [ = Fhry-
gilus gayi (Eyd. and Grer.). Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xiL, p. 781] ; Ammo-
perdix bonhami (Fraser) ; Oreortyx pictus (Douglas) ; LimnamtB
reciirostris, Gould ; Limnophyes curvirostris (Gould) ; Odontophorua
gtUtatus (Gould) ; Faradoxornis flavirosiris, Gould ; Henicomis phtni"
cura (Gould); Microhiemx erythrogenys (Vigors); Fhegornis mitchdli
(Fraser) ; Mimus parvulus (Gould) ; SynaUaais brunnea^ Gould
[ = Siptorni8 sordida (LessA Of. Sclater, Cat. B., xv., p. 681; Synal^
laxis ru/ogularis, Gould (=Siptom%s anthoides (King). C/, Sclater,
Cat. B., XV., p. 701; Francoltnus adspenusy Waterh.; UropHla leuco-'
gastra (fioxM) \ ScUpomis spHonotits (FrAnk\.); Brachyottts galap€tgoen-
its, Gould [ = A8io accipitimus (Pall.). Cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., ii., p. 234] ;
Caprimulgus parvulus, Gould; Synallaxis major, Gould [ = Anumbiu8
acuticaudatus (Less.). Cf. Sclater, Cat. B., xv., p. 751; Fyrocephalus
dubius, Gould [= P. nafius, Gould. Cf, Sclater, Cat.B., xiv., p. 214];
Buteo gcdapagensts, Gould; B. ventrcdis, Gould [= B, bor&dis (Om.).
Cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., i., p. 188] ; Mimus mdanotis (Gould) ; M. trifasciaius
(Gould); Agriomis leucura, Gould [ = .4. inaritima {(TOrb. et La/r.)
(Cf, Sclater, Cat. B., xiv., p. 6]; A, microptera, Gould [ = A, striata,
Gould. Cf. Sclater, t,c,, p. 5] ; Circus megaspUus. Gould [= C maculosus
(Vieill.) Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., i., p. 62] ; Nyctala richardsoni, Bp, [ = N.
tengmalmi (Gm.). Cf, Sharpe, Cat. B., ii., p. 284] ; Falmomis modesta,
Fraser ; Gauropicoides rafflesi (Vigors) ; Treron crassirostris, Fraser ;
Ftilinapus chalcurus. Gray [ = P. coralensis, Peale. Cf, Salvad., Cat. B.,
xxi., p. 104]; Ficus modestus, Vig. [ = Microstictus funebris HTalenc.)
Cf, Harpritt, Cat. B., xviii., p. 492] ; Lyncomis macrotis (Vig.) ; Symium
rufipes (King) ; Coccyzus ferrugineus, Gould ; Olaucidium nanum (King) ;
Aciinodura egertoni, Gould; Nesocdeus femandinm (Viu.); Fyro^
cephalus obscurus, Gould; Cactomis inomata, Gould. [55. 12. 19,
1-403].

259 birds from various localities. Purchased. [57. 8. 4, 1-12; 57.
11. 4, 1-52; 58. 4. 3, 1-160; 59. 6. 7, 1-10; 64. 12. 26, 1-8; 67. 7. 22,
1-8; 67. 12. 12, 1-4 ; 71. 1. 14, 1-2; 71. 3. 20, 1-3.]

The type of Lophophorus sdaUri, Purchased. [71. 12. 1, 1.]

54 specimens of Parrots. Purchased. [91. 4. 1, 1-54.]

The type ol Lorius tibialis was included.

50 eg^s of birds, laid in the Gardens. Purchased. [91. 6. 22, 1-50.]

2 L 2

4. REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS.
By G. a. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

General Sketch.

In 1845 the Lizards in the Museum were arranged and
catalogued by Dr. J. E. Gray, the material he had to deal with
consisting of 428 specimens representing 152 species. Later
ivccessions were named and described by Dr. GUnther and
Mr. O'Shaughnessy. During the years 1882-1886 Mr. Boulenger
revised this group, and prepared a catalogue, in three volumes,
published in 1885-1887. The number of species recognised by
him as valid was 1616, of which 1206 were represented in the
British Museum by 9820 specimens. The Snakes in the Museum
were originally arranged and catalogued partly by Dr. J. E. Gray
in 1849, partly by Dr. Giinther in 1858, these catalogues
enumerating 3630 specimens as belonging to 486 species. During
the years 1889-1895 this group was revised and rearranged by
Mr. Boulenger, the catalogue being issued in three volumes
(1893-1896). The collection contained, at the completion of
this work, 11,092 specimens representing 1327 species of this
order. The Chelonians and Crocodiles were catalogued by
Dr. J. E. Gray in 1844, and again during 1855-1872, whilst
in 1873 a <* Hand-list" of these Reptiles was issued by him,
which gave the number of specimens of Chelonians as 1371
and of Crocodiles as 304. In 1888 Mr. Boulenger had completed
a revision of these orders, and in his catalogue (published 1889)
enumerated 1665 specimens of Chelonians, representing 176
species, and 236 Crocodiles belonging to 18 species, the re-
duction in number in this latter group being due to the
elimination of useless specimens. In 1858 a catalogue of the
Batrachia Salientia in the Museimi was issued. Dr. Giinther
being the author, in which 1691 specimens were enumerated as
belonging to 214 species. Mr. Boulenger had completed a
revision and re-arrangement of this group in 1882, when a
second edition of the catalogue was published, in which 4692
specimens were referred to 522 species; whilst in 1898 these
numbers had increased to about 9500 and 850 respectively.
The Batrachia Caudata and Apoda were first catalogued by

518 Zoology.

Dr. J. E. Gray in 1850, when the Museum Collection contained
examples of 38 species. The second edition of the catalogue was
issued in 1882, the author being Mr. Boulenger ; 1021 specimens,
representing 78 species, were dealt with, numbers which had
risen in 1898 to nearly 2000 and 134 respectively.

In 1862 the collection of Reptiles and Batrachians was stated
to consist of about 7000 specimens; of these probably about
1800 belonged to the latter class. In 1872 the number had
increased to about 18,000, of which 14,000 were Reptiles and
4000 Batrachians. In 1896, at the time of its complete re-
arrangement, the collection numbered 38,086 specimens, repre-
senting 3905 species ; of these specimens 27,275 were Reptiles
and 10,811 were Batrachians. At the present day there are
about 36,000 Reptiles and 15,000 Batrachians in the British
Museum. In 1872, the number of additions during the year was
first recorded, and from then to 1881 they averaged about 630
specimens for each year, the largest number in any one year
being 2540 in 1874, when Colonel Beddome's important collection
was acquired. From 1882 to the present day the numbers of
Reptiles and Batrachians received have been separately recorded,
and have averaged about 800 and 400 respectively in each year.

Chronoloqical Account op the Principal Accessions to
THE Collection op Reptiles and Batrachians.

Prior to 1840 the following important collections were in the
possession of the British Museum : —

The collection of Indian Reptiles made by Dr. Patrick
Russell, containing the types of the species described by him in
his book, ** Indian Serpents,'' published in 1796.

A collection presented by Mr. J. Weeks, containing the
types of the species described in Shaw's " General Zoology " and
"Zoological Miscellany," 1789-1813.

A series of examples of species described by Messrs. Dum6ril
and Bibron, presented by the Paris Museum.

A series presented by M. de Blainville, of the Paris Museum,
representing species described by him.

1841.

Collections from Australia and the Himalayas were presented
by Mr. (jould and Dr. Horsfield respectively.

Reptiles and Bairachians. 519

1842.

Captain Sir Edward Belcher presented the Reptiles obtained
during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur ^ and the Hon. East India
Company a series from India.

1844.

The Lords of the Admiralty presented the collection made
during the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, afterwards
described by Dr. J. E. Gray and Dr. Gtinther, and also that
made by Mr. Jukes, of H.M.S. Fly.

1845.

Charles Darwin presented the Reptiles and Batrachians
obtained during the voyage of the Beagle, including the types
of the species described by Mr. Thomas Bell in his report, and
Mr. and Mrs. J. P. G. Smith gave a large collection from
Pemambuco and Para.

1846.

Mr. T. C. Jerdon presented a collection made in the Madras
Presidency.

1851.

Mr. J. McGillivray presented the Reptiles obtained by him
during the voyage of H.M.S. Battleenake.

1855.

The Lords of the Admiralty presented the collection of the
Royal Naval Hospital of Haslar, and also that made by Mr. J.
McGillivray during the voyage of H.M.S. Herald, including the
types of the species described by Sir John Richardson in his
report. The Zoological Society gave a large series of specimens,
containing the types of many species described in their "Pro-
ceedings " and " Transactions."

1858.

Sir Andrew Smith presented a series of Batrachians from
South Africa, containing the types of most of the species
described and figured by him in the '* Illustrations of the
Zoology of South Africa," and Dr. Rayner gave the Reptiles
collected by him during the voyage of H.M.S. Herald.

520 Zoology,

1859.
A series of Reptiles and Batrachians from Vancouver's
Island was presented by Dr. Lyall, of H.M.S. Plumper, and one
from St. Croix, W. I., by Prof. A. Newton.

1860.

The collection of the Hon. East India Company, containing
many types of species described by Dr. Cantor, was presented by
them. Reptiles from Guatemala were presented by Mr. O.
Salvin, and a series from Cambogia by M. Mouhot, these being
described by Dr. J E. Gray and Dr. Gunther.

1861.
Mr. G. Lennox-Conyngham presented a series of Snakes from
South America, and the Smithsonian Institute one of Reptiles
from North America. Snakes and Lizards from the Himalayas
were received from Colonel Beddome.

1862.

The most important accessions were a series of Snakes from
Bahia, described by Dr. Giinther, and presented by Di. O.
Wucherer, and one of Snakes from Siam and China, collected by
Dr. E. von Martens, during the Prussian Expedition to Eastern
Asia. Collections made in Siam by M. Mouhot, in Australia
by Mr. G. Kreffl, and at Port Natal by Mr. T. Ayres, were
presented.

1863.

Prof. Peters presented a series of types of species described
by himself, and from Dr. P. Bleeker were obtained the typical
specimens of the species described by him. Snakes from the
Pelew Islands were given by Mr. G. L. King, and Reptiles from
Central Africa by Captain Speke. The Rev. Charles Livingstone
and Sir J. Kirk presented the Reptiles obtained by them in
East and Central Africa.

1864.
The Rev. Canon H. B. Tristram presented a very fine col-
lection from Palestine, containing examples of several new species
and reported upon by Dr. Gunther. The types of the Burrowing
Snakes, described by Col. Beddome from the Madras Presidency,
were acquired. A large series from Labuan and Borneo was
presented by Mr. L. L. Dillwyn, and three collections from

Reptiles and Batrachians. 521

Angola, including examples of many new species, by Prof. Barboza
du Bocage, Dr. Welwitsch, and Mr. J. J. Monteiro respectively.

1865.

The donations included a large collection of South African
Reptiles from Sir Andrew Smith, containing many types of
species described and figured by him in the ** Illustrations of the
Zoology of South Africa," and a series of Reptiles from Siam,
obtained by Sir R. Schomburgk. A collection from the Danish
West Indies was received from the Copenhagen Museum.

1866.

In this year no collections of any importance were received.

1867.

Prof. Barboza du Bocage presented a series from Benguela,
including many co-types of species described by him. A collection
made by Mr. H. W. Bates on the Upper Amazon, and one from
Sierra Leone, both containing types of new species described
by Dr. Giinther, were received.

1868.

The Copenhagen Museum forwarded a collection from Minas
Geraes, Brazil, containing co-types of many species described by
Prof. Reinhardt ; and one from India, containing the types of
species described by Mr. Theobald, was acquired. Sir A. Kennedy
presented a series from Sierra Leone, and Sir J. Kirk the Snakes
and Batrachians obtained by him at Zanzibar.

1869.

The Reptiles collected and described by Mr. W. T. Blanford
from Abyssinia, including several types, were presented by him.
A series from Ceylon was given by Mr. R. H. Barnes, and one
of Lizards from Persia by the Marquis J. Doria. A collection
made in India by Dr. A. H. Leith, and one made in the SeycheUes
by Prof. E. P. Wright, were presented by the collectors.

A
1870. jol.

Reptiles from India and the Andaman Islands were pre^*"^
by Mr. F. Day, from Formosa by Mr. R. Swinhoe, a*^'* ^^^
Austraha by Mr. G. Kreffl. Cowan.

522 Zoology.

1871.

Collections made at Manado, Celebes, by Dr. A. B. Meyer,
were received from him in this and the following year; they
were reported upon by Dr. GUnther, and contained the types of
many new species described by him. Mr. G. H. Thwaites pre-
sented a series from Ceylon, and Mr. J. L. Brenchley one from
the Fiji Islands ; both included examples of several rare and new
species described by Dr. Giinther.

1872.

The accessions totalled 576. The St. Petersburg Museum
presented a collection from Russia, Mr. T. C. Jerdon one made
in India, and Mr. G. H. Thwaites a series of Ceylonese Ba-
trachians, the latter including types of new species described by
Dr. Giinther.

1873.

The additions numbered 258, including two collections of
Chelonians, one from North America, presented by the Smithso-
nian Institution, the other from Shanghai and Chefoo, presented
by Mr. R. Swinhoe.

1874.

2540 specimens were received, including 1518 from Southern
India, collected by Col. Beddome, and containing the types of
many species described by him. Mr. W. T. Blanford presented
part of the collection made by him in Persia and Baluchistan,
including many types of species described by him.

1875.

The additions numbered only 131.

1876.
The specimens received were 550 in number. A coUection
made in North Australia by Herr Damel, including the types of
species described by Dr. Giinther in the Journal of the Godefiroy
Museum, was acquired.

1877.

, The accessions numbered 351. The collections made by Mr.

J Everett in the Philippines, Rev. J. S. Macfarlane in the

^ /"ds of Torres Straits, and Rev. G. Brown in Duke of York's

all containinff types of new species described by Dr.
were acv , /

^ were purchased,
presentea ^

Reptiles and Batrachians. 523

1878.

The specimens received totalled 385. The types of the species
described by Col. Beddome from the Anamallay Mountains, and
the collection made in Murray and Comwallis Islands by Rev.
J. S. Macfarlane, containing types of species described by Dr.
Gtinther, were acquired.

1879.

The additions totalled 380, and included a series from Russia,
received in exchange from the St. Petersburg Museum, and col-
lections made in Madagascar by Rev. G. A. Shaw, and in the
Philippines by Mr. A. Everett. During this and the three
succeeding years Dr. Coppinger sent home instalments of the
Reptiles and Batrachians obtained by him during the survey of
H.M.S. Alert to the Lords of the Admiralty, by whom they were
presented to the Museum ; this collection was reported upon by
Dr. GUnther, and contained the types of several new species.

1880.

The additions were 733 in number, and included a valuable
collection from Arabia and India, containing several types,
named and presented by Mr. W. T. Blanford, and a large series
from Ecuador, obtained by Mr. 0. Buckley, containing the types
of many new species described by Messrs. O'Shaughnessy and
Boulenger.

1881.

388 Reptiles and 75 Batrachians were received, including a
series of Lizards from Algeria, presented by Mons. Lataste, and
one from Mexico, presented by Mr. F. D. Godman, this being the
first of a series of collections presented by Messrs. Godman and
Salvin, which have been described and figured by Dr. Giinther in
the " Biologia Centrali- Americana."

1882.

The additions numbered 732 Reptiles and 363 Batrachians.
The collection made during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger,
including the types of new species described by Dr. Giinther and
Mr. Boulenger, was presented by the Lords of the Treasury. A
selected series from a collection made in British India by Col.
Beddome was purchased, as were the Reptiles and Batrachians
obtained in the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by Dr. von
Ihering, and in E. Betsileo, Madagascar, by Rev. W. D. Cowan.

524 Zoology.

each containing the types of many new species described by
Dr. Gunther and Mr. Boulenger.

1883.

379 Reptiles and 129 Batrachians were acquired, including a
series of Ground Snakes from Southern India, containing the
types of several species described by Col. Beddome, and a col-
lection made by Herr A. Forrer in Western Mexico, containing
types of species described by Dr. Gunther and Mr. Boulenger.

1884.
379 Reptiles and 389 Batrachians were received, among
which were the collection made in the Solomon Islands by Mr
H. B. Guppy, surgeon of H.M.S. Lark, containing the types of
many new species described by Mr. Boulenger, and a series of
Frogs obtained by Dr. Hahnel at Yurimaguas, Huallaga River.

1885.

The accessions totalled 754 Reptiles and 298 Batrachians.
A series of Lizards from the Russian Empire was received from
the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg. Mons.
Lataste gave a collection from Algeria, and one from Portugal
was received from Dr. Gadow.

1886.
The specimens received numbered 574 Reptiles and 554
Batrachians. The collection made by Dr. J. Aitchison, Naturalist
of the Afghan Boundary Commission, containing many types of
species described by Mr. Boulenger, was presented, as was a series
of Batrachians from Japan, formed by Dr. J. Anderson. A
number of types of species described by Dr. J. G. Fischer was
purchased, and a collection of Lizards from the Russian Empire,
including co-types of species described by Dr. A. Strauch, was
obtained from the St. Petersburg Museum.

1887.

899 Reptiles and 553 Batrachians were acquired, including a
number of types of species, described by Mr. J. A. Murray, from
Persia, and a small series formed by Emin Pasha in Central
Africa. Mr. H. Pryer presented the Reptiles and Batrachians
obtained by him in the Loo Choo Islands, and Mr. F. J. Jackson

Reptiles and Batrachians. 525

some from East Africa, among which were several types of new
species described by Dr. Giinther and Mr. Boulenger.

1888.

The accessions numbered 632 Reptiles and 281 Batrachians.
A collection from the West Indies, containing examples of species
recently described by Dr. S. Garman, was received in exchange
from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, U.S.A.,
and one made in Dominica by Mr. A. G. Ramage was presented
by the Royal Society and the British Association. Mr. J. J.
Fletcher gave a series of Batrachians from Australia and a
collection made on the Yang-tse-Kiang by Mr. F. W. Styan was
purchased.

1889.

The additions numbered 859 Reptiles and 288 Batrachians.
Part of the collection of Dr. J. G. Fischer, including many types
of species described by him, was purchased, as was a selected
series from the collection made by Signor L. Fea in Burma,
including co-types of many species described by Mr. Boulenger.
A number of Lizards from Mexico, many of them types of species
described by Dr. Gunther, were presented by Mr. F. D. Godman.

1890.

643 Reptiles and 258 Batrachians were received, including a
collection from Ceylon, presented by Mr. E. Green, and one from
Mexico, presented by Messrs. Grodman and Salvin.

1891.

The specimens received totalled 760 Reptiles and 688 Ba-
trachians ; among them a collection from Algeria, described and
presented by Dr. J. Anderson, and one from India, presented by
Mr. W. T. Blanford.

1892.

764 Reptiles and 578 Batrachians were received, including a
collection from Nyassaland, made and presented by Sir Harry
Johnston, which, with a further collection presented in 1893,
was described by Dr. Gunther.

1893.

The specimens acquired numbered 816 Reptiles and 419
Batrachians, among which were a series of Snakes from Central

526 Zoology.

America and Mexico, many of them types of species described
by Dr. Giinther, presented by Mr. F. D. Godman. A selection
from the collection made by Signor L. Fea in the Karin Hills
was purchased, as was a collection made in Borneo by Mr.
A. Everett, the former containing co-types, the latter types of
new species described by Mr. Boulenger.

1894.

1259 Reptiles and 545 Batrachians were received, including
further collections from Mexico, presented by Mr. F. D. Godman,
and from Borneo made by Mr. A. Everett, which were described
by Dr. Giinther and Mr. Boulenger respectively. A smaJl
series of Indian snakes, types of species described by Dr. Cantor,
was acquired by exchange from the Oxford University Museum,
and Miss Layard presented a collection from Ceylon.

1895.

1448 Reptiles and 670 Batrachians were acquired, among
them numerous specimens from Mexico and Central America,
presented by Messrs. Godman and Salvin, and a collection from
British New Guinea, made by Mr. A. S. Meek and described by
Mr. Boulenger. Collections from the Niger, from Somaliland
and from Aden, were made and presented by Dr. W. H. Crosse ,
Mr. E. Lort Phillips, and Colonel Yerbury respectively.

1896.

The accessions totalled 886 Reptiles and 647 Batrachians.
The collection made in Celebes by Drs. F. and P. Sarasin,
containing the types of many new species described by
Dr. F. Miiller and Mr. Boulenger, was presented by the
collectors. Capt. S. S. Flower presented a series from the Malay
Peninsula, Dr. Forsyth Major one from Madagascar, and the
Marquis G. Doria two collections, from Erythrea and Somaliland
respectively.

1897.

The number of specimens received was 1873 Reptiles and
741 Batrachians, including the very important collection made
by Dr. J. Anderson in Egypt, and described in the " Zoology of
Egypt," Vol. I., published in 1898. A collection made by
Mr. A. Everett in Lombok, Timor, etc., was purchased, Sir
Harry Johnston gave one from Nyassaland, and the Marquis

Reptiles and Batrachians. 527

G. Doria one from British New Guinea. Each of these contained
types of severaJ new species described by Mr. Boulenger.

1898.

The additions numbered 892 Keptiles and 656 Batrachians,
among them a large collection from Siam, received in exchange
from the Royal Siamese Museum, and one made in Ecuador by
Mr. Rosenberg, containing types of many new species described
by Mr. Boulenger.

1899.

939 Reptiles and 297 Batrachians were received. A series
from the Galapagos Islands, containing numerous t3rpe8 of species
described by Dr. Baur, was purchased, as were collections made
by Mr, A. B. Percival in S. Arabia and Mr. J. D. la Touche in
China. A number of specimens obtained by Messrs. W. R.
Ogilvie Grant and H. O. Forbes on Socotra and Abd-el-Kuri
was presented by the Royal Society; among them were the
types of several new species descril>ed by Mr. Boulenger.

1900.

457 Reptiles and 237 Batrachians were added to the
collection, including large series from Peru and the Gaboon, con-
taining types of severaJ new species described by Mr. Boulenger.

1901.

The number of accessions was 681 Reptiles and 687 Batra
chians. The Secretary of State, Congo Free State, gave a
collection from the Congo Free State, containing co-types
of species described by Mr. Boulenger. Mr. F. D. Godman
presented a series of Batrachians from Mexico and Central
America, including the types of the species described by
Dr. Gtinther in the "Biologia Centrali- Americana," and Sir
Harry Johnston a collection from Uganda.

1902.

The number of specimens received was 878 Reptiles and
681 Batrachians. A further series of Batrachians from Cen-
tral America, including numerous types of species described
by Dr. Giinther, was presented by Mr. F. D. Godman. Mr.
ffolliott Darling gave a large collection from Mashonaland, and
other important collections acquired were the following : — one

628 Zoology.

made in the Andes of Colombia by Mr. Elay Thompson ; one from
Bolivia and N. W. Argentina, formed by the late Mr. P. O.
Simons ; one from Ecuador ; one from the Andes of Peru, made
by Mr. Ockenden ; one made in the Gaboon and Cameroon by
Mr. G. L. Bates, and the collection made in Abyssinia by
Mr. E. Degen. All these contained numerous types of new
species described by Mr. Boulenger.

1903.

The number of specimens received was 1271 Reptiles and
670 Batrachians. The most important collections acquired were
one from Southern Arabia; one from the Malay Peninsula,
presented by Messrs. N. Annandale and H. C. Robinson; one
made in Mexico by Dr. Gadow and one made in the Andes of
Venezuela by Sr. Briceno. Each of these included examples of
several new species which were described by Mr. Boulenger.

1904.

969 Reptiles and 607 Batrachians were received. A collection
of skins of Indian Snakes, prepared over a century ago by
Dr. Patrick Russell, including the original examples described
by this pioneer in Indian Herpetology, was purchased. Other
important collections acquired were one from Yunnan, made by
Mr. John Graham ; a collection made by Mr. G. L. Bates in
South Cameroon ; a collection made in Angola by Dr. W. J.
Ansorge; a large series from Bolivia, and a collection from
Western Australia, presented by L. Clarke Webster, Esq., all of
which were described by Mr. Boulenger.

Reptiles and Batrachians. 529

Alphabetical List op the more Important Contributors
TO THE Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians.

Admiralty, Lords of the.

I'he Reptiles and Batrachians obtained in Australia and New Zealand
during the voyage of H.M. Ships Erebus and Terror^ including many
types, in part described by Dr. J. E. Gray in 1845, the report being com-
pleted by Dr. GQnther in 1875, were presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty in 1844.

The collection made by Mr. J. McGillivray during the voyage of
H.M.S. Hercddy chiefly from the Islands of the Pacific, including the
types of the species described by Dr. J. E. Gray in 1852, was presented
by the Lords of the Admiralty in 1855.

Aitchison (James Edward Tiernby). [1835-1898]

The collection made by Dr. J. Aitchison, Naturalist of the Afghan
Boimdary Commission, containing the types of many new species
described by Mr. Boulenger, was presented in 1886.

Anderson (John). [1833-1900]

The Reptiles and Batrachians obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt,
the greater part of the material on which is based his great illustrated
work " Zoology of Egypt," vol. i. published in 1898.

Beddome (Richard Henry). [1830- ]

In 1874 the large collection made by Colonel Beddome in Southern
India was acquired ; it contained examples of many species then unknown
and also the types of the species described by him. Further collections,
made by Col. Beddome, received in 1882 and 1883, also included several
types of species described by him.

Blanford (William Thomas). [1832-1905]

Sets of the Reptiles collected by Mr. Blanford, including the types of
many species described by him, were given by him to the Museum, those
obtained in Abyssinia being presented in 1869, those from Persia and
Baluchistan in 1874, and those from Arabia and India in 1880.

Bleeker (Pibter). [1819-1878]

A large series of Reptiles from the Malay Archipelago, including the
types of the species described by Dr. Bleeker, was purch^used in 1863.

Barboza du Bocage (Jos£ Vicente).

A collection of Reptiles from Benguela, containing examples of the
species described by Dr. Barboza du Bocage, Director of the Lisbon
Museum, was presented by him in 1867.

VOL. II. 2 M

530 Zoology.

Cantor (Thomas Edward).

The Reptiles and Batrachians collected by Dr. Cantor and described
by him in the " Catalogue of Reptiles of the Malay Peninsula," published
in 1847-1850, have found their way into the British Museum, partly
through the incorporation of the collection of the East India Company in
1860, partly through exchange with the Oxford University Museum in
1894.

Congo Free State, Secretary of State of the.

A series of Reptiles and Batrachians from the Congo Free State,
including co-types of many new species described by Mr. Boulenger, was
presented between 1897 and 1901.

Darwin (Chaeles Robert). [1809-1882]

The Reptiles and Batrachians obtained during the voyage of the
Beagle, in 1832-1836, chiefly from S. America, including the types of
the species described by Mr. T. Bell in his report, published in 1843,
were presented by Charles Darwin in 1845.

Hon. East India Company.

The entire collection of the East India Company, containing many
types of species described by Dr. Cantor, was presented in 1860.

Fea (Leonabdo).

Selected series from the collections made by Signer L. Fea in Burma
and the Karin Hills, including types of many new species described by
Mr. Boulenger, were purchased in 1889 and 1893.

Fischer (Johann Gustav). [1819-1889]

In 1886 a series of Reptiles, including many types of species described
by Dr. Fischer, was purchased of him, and in 1889, after his death, a
considerable portion of his collection of Reptiles and Batrachians, con-
taining the types of numerous species and also many rarities, reported
upon in his numerous contributions to herpetology, was acquired from
his widow.

Oodman (Frederick Ducane) [1834- ] and Salvin
(OsBERT). [1835-1898]
Large collections of Reptiles and Batrachians from Mexico and Central
America, including the types of new species described and figured by
Dr. Giinther in the " Biologia Centrali- Americana," have been presented
by Messrs. Godman and Salvin at various dates since 1881.

McGiUivray (John). [1822-1867]
8ee Lords of the Aduibaltt.

Russell (Patrick). [1727-1805]

The collection of Reptiles made by Dr. Russell, including the types of
the species described and figured by him in his book on ''Indian
Serpents," published in 1796, are preserved as skins in the British
Museum.

St. Petersburg Museum.

Series of Reptiles from various parts of the Russian Empire, containing
co-types of new specie?* described by Dr. A. Strauch, have been obtained
by exchange from the St. Petersburg Museum in 1872, 1879 and 1886.

Reptiles and Batrachiana. 531

Sarasin (Carl Fritz) and (Paul Benbdict).

A collection of Reptiles and Batrachians made in Celebes by Drs,
F. and P. Sarasin, containing the types of many new species described
by Dr. F. Miiller and Mr. Boulenger, was presented by the collectors
in 1896.

Smith {Sir Andrew). [1797-1872]

In 1857, Sir Andrew Smith presented a series of Batrachians, and,,
in 1865, a large collection of Reptiles, both from South Africa, and
containing the types of most of the species described and figured by him
in the " Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa."

Smithsonian Institution.

Collections from North America, containing typical examples of
species described by Drs. Baird and Girard, were presented by the
Smithsonian Institution in 1861 and 1873.

Weeksv'(J.).

The collection presented by Mr. Weeks contained the types of the
species described in Shaw's " General Zoology " and " Zoological
Miscellany '^ during 1789-1813.

2 M 2

5. FISHES.

By G. a. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

General Sketch.

Prior to 1858, when Dr. Glinther commenced the classification
of the Fishes in the British Museum, the arrangement of this
collection had not received much attention, a large proportion of
the specimens being unnamed. The principal accessions received
at various times and incorporated in the Museum Collection had
in many cases been named by the previous owners, or had
formed the basis of special reports, e.^., Mr. John Reeve's
collection of Chinese Fishes, (General Hardwicke's Indian Fishes,
Dr. Parneirs collection from Scottish Rivers, Dr. Gronow's
collection, Mr. Yarrell's British Fishes, and the collections
made during the voyages of the Erebus and Terror, Herald^
Sulphur, Samarang, Battlesnake, etc. Dr. J. E. Gray had
worked at certain groups, and in 1851 published a ^' List of
the Fishes belonging to the order Chondropterygii," and Dr.
J. J. Kaup, of Darmstadt, had been engaged to work out the
Eels and Lophobranchii, and in 1856 produced a "Catalogue
of Apodal Fish" and a "Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish."
Dr. Giinther's rearrangement of the collection proceeded con-
currently with the publication of his classical catalogue. The
first three volumes, dealing with the Acanthopterygii, were
published in 1859, 1860 and 1861 respectively. Vol. IV.,
containing the Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini, was completed
in 1862. The next three volumes, dealing with the Physostomi,
appeared in 1864, 1866 and 1868 respectively, and the eighth
and last volume, in which the Eels, Lophobranchii, Plectognathi,
Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata and Leptocardii
were included, was published in 1870. Since that time the
assistants working at the collection (Messrs. O'Shaughnessy,
Boulenger, and Regan) have been mainly occupied in naming
and incorporating accessions, but in 1895 the first volume of
a second edition of the Catalogue, written by Mr. Boulenger,
and dealing with the Centrarchidse, Percidse, and part of the
Serranidse, made its appearance, the Fishes dealt with having
been rearranged in their cases, and the preparation of a second
volume is now in progress.

534 Zoology.

In 1858, when Dr. Giinther commenced the arrangement of
the general collection, it contained about 16,000 specimens,
including the Haslar collection of 1600, and the Yarrell collec-
tion of about 650. In 1870, at the completion of the catalogue,
the number had risen to 29,267, the increase having been at the
average rate of 1000 specimens a year, the greatest number of
accessions being received in the years 1860 (about 2000 specimens,
including the East India Company's Collection of 950 Fishes),
1862 (1700 additions) and 1867 (1900 additions). Since 1870,
the collection has increased at the rate of about 1275 specimens
a year, the greatest number added in any one year being 6130
in 1889, when the Day collection of about 4600 specimens was
received, and at the present day the total number of specimens
in the collection amounts to about 73,000.

A Chronological Account of the Principal Accessions
TO THE Collection of Fishes.

Prior to 1839 the British Museum received the collection of
Indian Fishes made by Ceneral Hardwicke, described and figured
in Dr. J. E. Gray's " Illustrations of Indian Zoology," published
in 1830-1832, and the Fishes collected in China by Mr. John
Reeves and his son during the years 1812-1831 were presented
to the Museum, together with a series of drawings by native
artists, forming the basis of Sir John Richardson's '< Report on
the Ichthyology of China,' published in 1845.

1839.

Dr. R. Pamell presented a collection of Fishes from Scotch
rivers, including the types of the species described by him in his
essay <* On the Fishes of the Firth of Forth."

1844.

A collection of Fishes, mostly representing species described
by Prof. Schlegel, was purchased from the Leyden Museum, and
the Lords of the Admiralty presented the collections made during
the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, and H.M.S. Sulphur^
described by Sir John Richardson in his Reports, and containing
many types.

Fishes. 535

1845.

A series of Fishes of the Red Sea, representing species
described by Dr. Riippell, was purchased of hinu

1846.

Fishes from Australia were presented by Mr. J. B. Jukes, of
H.M.S. Fltfy and from Madras by Mr. T. C. Jerdon.

1847.

The collection made during the voyage of H.M.S. Samarang^
including the types described by Sir John Richardson in his
Report, was presented by the Lords of the Admiralty, and the
Earl of Derby presented the Fishes obtained by Mr. McGillivray
during the voyage of H.M.S. Fly,

1848.

Dr. R. Pamell presented a collection of Pishes from North
America and the West Indies, and Lieut. Spence, R.N., a series
from Plymouth.

1850.

Mr. J. M. McGillivray presented the collection of Fishes
made by him during the voyage of H.M.S. BattlesnaJee^ and a
series from Egypt was purchased of Dr. Riippell.

185L

Sir Andrew Smith presented a series from Cape Colony, many
being the types of species described by him.

1853.

The collection of Dr. L. T. Gronow, a learned ichthyologist
of Leyden, who died in 1777, was purchased at an auction sale
in London, together with a MS. catalogue and many original
drawings.

1855.

The collection of the Royal Naval Hospital of Haslar was
presented by the Lords of the Admiralty, and the Zoological
Society presented a series of Fishes selected from their collection,

536 Zoology.

including many types of species described in the Transactions
and Proceedings of the Society.

1856.

The collection of British Fishes made by Mr. W. Yarrell,
containing the types of the species described by him, was acquired,
and the Fishes obtained during the voyage of H.M.S. Herald in
the Pacific, described by Sir John Richardson, were given by the
Lords of the Admiralty.

^858.

A large number of Fishes from Amboyna, Sumatra, etc., col-
lected and described by Dr. Bleeker, was purchased of him.

1859.

The Hon. East India Company gave a collection of Indian
Freshwater Fishes, including the types of the species described
by M*Clelland. The Rev. R. T. Lowe presented Fishes from
Madeira and the Canary Islands in this year, and also in 1860,
1863, and 1864, including the types of the species described by
him. Fishes from Vancouver's Island were presented by Dr.
Lyall, of H.M.S. Plumper, and from Australia by Dr. G. Bennett.

1860.

The entire collection of the Hon. East India Company,
containing the types of the species described by Dr. Cantor,
was presented by them, and a series from the New Hebrides by
Mr. J. McGillivray.

186L

Fishes obtained by Mr. J. Y. Johnson at Madeira, including
the types of new species described by him, were presented in this
year, and also in 1862, 1863, and 1864. A collection made by
Capt. Dow in Panama, containing the types of many new species
described by Dr. Glinther, and a series from Cambogia, obtained
by M. Mouhot, were presented.

1862.

From Dr. Bleeker was obtained a series of Labridee and
Pleuronectidse from the Malay Archipelago, containing the
types of the species described by him. Mr. J. Petherick, H.M.
Consul at Khartoum, presented a large collection of Fishes from
the Nile in this year and in 1863, described by Dr. GUnther in

Fishes. 537

the Appendix to Petherick's " Travels in Africa," and Mr. R.
Swinhoe, H.M. Consul at Formosa, a collection from that island.
Fishes from Natal were sent by Mr. T. Ayres, and from the
Pacific by Mr. Raynor.

1863.

A collection of Indian Siluridse, including all the types of the
species described by Dr. Bleeker, was obtained from him, and the
types of the species described in Mr. Bennett's " Fishes of Ceylon "
were received. The Rev. Charles Livingstone presented a series
of Fresh-water Fishes from East and Central Africa, described
by Dr. Gunther, and Captain Mitchell a large collection from
Madras.

1864.

Sir Lambert Playfair presented a collection of Fishes from
Zanzibar, which, with those subsequently sent by him in 1865,
1866, and 1867, formed the basis of Gtinther and Playf air's
"Fishes of Zanzibar," and contained the types of the species
therein described. A second series of the East Indian Pharyn-
gognathi described by Dr. Bleeker was received from him, and
the collection made in Palestine by the R«v. H. B. Tristram was
obtained. Mr. G. Krefil presented collections of Australian
Fishes, illustrating the species described by him, and Captain
Dow, a collection from Central America, including the types of
species described by Dr. Gtinther.

1865.

Messrs. Godman and Salvin presented a collection from Central
America, containing many types, and with those presented by
Captain Dow in 1861, 1864, and 1867 forming the basis of Dr.
Gunther's " Fishes of Central America." Fishes from India were
presented by Mr. F. Day, from Siam by Sir R. Schomburgk, and
from China by Mr. R. Swinhoe.

1866.

From Dr. Bleeker was received a collection of East Indian
Cyprinidae, containing a complete series of types of the species
described by him.

1867.

Series of the typical examples of the Clupeidse, Eels, Gymno-
dontes, Lophobranchii, Sharks, and Rays, described by Dr.
Bleeker, were obtained from him.

538 Zoology.

1868.

Mr. F. Day gave a collection from Southern India, containing
types of new species described by him, and a series of Fresh-
water Fishes from Minas Geraes, including the types of species
described by Prof. Reinhardt, was presented by the Copenhagen
Museum. Mr. J. C. Melliss presented a fine collection from
St. Helena, and the Marquis G. Doria one from Borneo

1869.

A series of t3rpes was obtained from the Godeffiroy Museum.
Dr. R. O. Cunningham presented the South American Fishes
collected by him during the Magellan Straits Survey Expedition,
and Messrs. Blanford and Jesse those obtained by them during
the Abyssinian Expedition.

1870.

Collections of Fishes from India were presented by Mr. F.
Day and Mr. T. C. Jerdon.

1871.

A large collection from Australian coasts and the South
Pacific, containing the types of many of the species described by
Dr. Gtinther in the " Fische der Stidsee," was obtained from the
Godeffroy Museum, and from Dr. Klunzinger was received a
series, including the types of most of the species described by him
from the Red Sea. A collection from Australia was presented
by the Australian Museum, Sydney, one from Tasmania by Mr.
Morton Allport, and one from the South Pacific by Mr. J. L.
Brenchley. Large series of Marine Fishes, obtained by Dr. A.
B. Meyer at Manado, Celebes, were acquired in this year and in
1872.

1872.

The total number of accessions was first recorded, being 1238.
These included a large collection of Fresh-water Fishes from Bengal,
presented by Mr. T. C. Jerdon, and one from Tasmania, con-
taining the types of many new species described by Dr. Gtinther,
presented by Mr. Morton Allport. From the St. Petersburg
Museum was received a series of Fresh-water Fishes of S.E.
Russia, and from the New Zealand Institute one of Fishes of
New Zealand.

Fishes. 539

1873.

The number of specimens received was 1014. A series from
the South Pacific, including many types of species described by
Dr. Gtinther, was obtained from the Godeffiroy Museum, and a
large collection made at Shanghai and Chefoo by Mr. R. Swinhoe
was acquired.

1874.

The accessions totalled 618. Collections from the South
Pacific were presented by the Rev. S. J. Whitmee in this year
and in 1875, and included many types of species described by
Dr. GOnther. The Fishes obtained by Dr. Rein and Prof, von
Fritsch during their travels in Morocco were received.

1875.

The additions numbered 513, and included a further collection
from Tasmania, presented by Mr. Morton Allport, and a series
from Lake Baikal, received in exchange from the Warsaw
Museum.

1876.

The total number of accessions was 718, including a collection
from Rodriguez and Kerguelen Land, made during the " Transit
of Venus" Expedition, and one from the Rio das Yelhas,
Brazil, containing many desiderata, received from the Copenhagen
Museum.

1877.

The accessions totalled 297, and included a series from
Polynesia, purchased of the Godeffroy Museum, and a collection
made during the Arctic Expedition, both containing types of
species described by Dr. Giinther.

1878.

The additions numbered 449, the most important collection
being one made in Japan by Mr. H. B. Joyner, containing the
types of many new species described by Dr. Giinther.

1879.

1414 specimens were received. The collection made by Dr.
Coppinger, of H.M.S. Alert, in the Straits of Magellan and the
South Pacific, including the types of the species described by

640 Zoology.

Dr. GUnther, was presented by him in instalments during this
and the three following years. A series from various parts of
the Russian Empire was received in exchange from the Imperial
Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg.

1880.

The number of accessions was 917. The Shore Fishes
obtained during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, including the
types of the species described by Dr. Gunther in his Report, were
presented by the Lords Conmiissioners of the Treasury. The
Smithsonian Institution presented a series from the Atlantic
Coast of the United States, and one of Fresh-water Fishes of the
United States, including the types of 28 species described by
Prof. Jordan, was acquired, as was a collection made in Ecuador
by Mr. C. Buckley, containing the types of many new species
described by Mr. Boulenger.

1881.

The number of specimens added to the collection was 866.
These included a series from the Pacific, purchased of the
Gkxleffix>y Museum, and described by Dr. GUnther, and some
rarities from Madeira, presented by Mr. J. Y. Johnson.

1882.

The accessions numbered only 164.

1883.

The specimens received totalled 1373. Collections of Fishes
from the United States, Jamaica, Chili, Hawaii, New South
Wales, Singapore, Madras, and Norway, were obtained from
the " International Fisheries Exhibition." A series of Fishes
belonging to species described by Dr. Sauvage was received from
the Paris Museum, and Dr. Niisslin presented the types of the
species and varieties of Coregonus described by him from the
Swiss Lakes.

1884.

The number of accessions was 551, including a series from
the United States, representing species described by Prof.
Jordan, and one from the Niger, obtained by Mr. W. A.
Forbes.

Fishes. 541

1885.

The additions numbered 485. Mr. A. S. G. Jayakar presented
a collection made by him at Muscat, Arabia, this being the first
of a series of collections from that locality presented by him in
1885, 1888, 1889 and 1891, each of which contained types of
new species described by Mr. Boulenger. Collections made by
Dr. von Ihering in the Province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
desciibed by Mr. Boulenger, were purchased in this year and in
1886 and 1891. A series of Atlantic Fishes was received from
the Christiania Museum, and one of American Fishes from the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, U.S.A.

1886.

The additions were 486 in number, including a collection
from New Zealand : purchased.

1887.

1248 specimens were added to the collection. The Deep-sea
Fishes collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, including
the types of the species described. by Dr. Gtinther in his Report,
were presented. Mr. F. J. Jackson gave a collection from East
Africa, and a series from Indiana and Florida was obtained from
the Indiana University.

1888.

The additions numbered 1569. The collection made by Dr.
Dickson at Constantinople was presented by him, and Fishes
from the Yang-tse-Kiang, collected by Mr. F. W. Styan, including
the types of new species described by Dr. Gtinther, were received
in this year and in 1889.

1889.

The specimens received were 6130 in number. The collection
of Fishes bequeathed to the Museum by Mr. F. Day, contained
4400 Indian Fishes, representing species described by him in the
"Fishes of India," and 155 Biitish Salmonidae. The Pelagic
Fishes obtained during the Challenger Expedition, including
the types of the species described in Dr. Gunther's Report^ were
presented. A series from North America was presented by the
United States Fisheries Commission, and one of South American
Siluridse, containing many types, was received from the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, U.S.A.

542 Zoology.

1890.

1587 additions were made to the collection. Fishes obtained
during the French Talisman and Cape Horn Expeditions,
mostly duplicates of bathybial species described by Prof.
Yaillant, were received from the Paris Museum. A series of
Deep-sea Fishes from the Indian Ocean, obtained during the
survey of H.M.S. Investigator, was procured from the Indian
Museum, Calcutta; this contained co-types of many of the
species described by Dr. A. Alcock, as did each of the series
subsequently received in 1891, 1895, 1896 and 1898. Mr. J. Y.
Johnson presented 13 Deep-sea Fishes from Madeira, including
the tjrpes of 4 new species described by him, and Sir J. Murray
76 specimens from off the Scottish Coast. Prof. A. Agassiz gave
a number of Brazilian Fishes, mostly obtained during his father's
expedition ; and a collection from Australia was transferred from
the Imperial Institute.

1891.

The accessions numbered 1772. The collection made by Dr.
and Mrs. Eigenmann in British North America and California,
including the types of the new species described by them, was
purchased in this and the two following years. A series from
various parts of the Russian Empire, including the types of many
• species described by Dr. Herzenstein, was received from the
St. Petersburg Museum. A collection made in China by Mr.
A. E. Pratt, containing the types of new species described by
Dr. Giinther, and one from the Sittang River, Burmah, made
by Mr. E. W. Oates, and including several desiderata, and types
of new species described by Mr. Boulenger, were presented.
Series from Ceylon and from the coast of Ireland were given
by Mr. H. Nevill and Dr. Grenfell respectively.

1892.

1582 specimens were received, including a collection from the
West Coast of Ireland, presented by the Royal Dublin Society,
one of Fresh-water Fishes from Siberia, obtained from the
St. Petersburg Museum, and one from Matto Grosso, Brazil,
including many rarities and the types of new species described
by Mr. Boulenger, presented by Messrs. Moore and Evans

Fishes. 543

1893.

The accessions totalled 1599. Mr. E. W. Oates presented a
collection from the Shan States, containing the types of new
species described by Mr. Boulenger, and one made in Borneo
by Mr. A. Everett was purchased. A series selected from the
collection made by Signor L. Fea in Burma, including the
types of many species described by Dr. Vinciguerra, was
purchased.

1894.

The additions to the collection numbered 901. Fishes from
Borneo were presented by Rajah Brooke and Mr. C. Hose, and
from Chili by Prof. F. Lataste. A series from Mexico, repre-
senting species described by Dr. J. H. Bean, was received in
exchange from the National Museum, Mexico, and another from
North Mexico, including the tjrpes of several species described
by Mr. A. J. Woolman, was purchased.

1895.

The accessions were 670 in number. A collection made
during the Hopkins's Expedition, from the West Coast of
Mexico, containing the types of several new species described
by Prof. Jordan, and one from the River Paraguay, made by
Dr. Ternetz, including the types of many new species described
by Mr. Boulenger, were purchased. A series from Madeira was
presented by Messrs. C. Baring and W. R. Ogilvie Grant, and
another, obtained during Dr. Donaldson Smith's Expedition to
Lake Rudolf, containing the types of some new species described
by Dr. Gtinther, was purchased.

1896.

The additions numbered 1004. From the Smithsonian
Institution was received a series of 362 specimens from the deep
sea off the coast of North America, including the types of many
species described by Messrs. Goode and Bean and Dr. S.
Garman. Fishes from the Ogowe River, collected by Miss
Kingsley, including the types of several new species described
by Dr. Giinther, were purchased. A collection from the Shir^
River was presented by Sir Harry Johnston, one from Brazil
by Dr. Goeldi, and one from the Upper Congo by the Rev.
J. W. Weeks, all three containing types of new species described
by Mr. Boulenger.

544 Zoology.

1897.

The additions totalled 1359. In this and the four following
years Mr. F. W. Townsend presented collections from the
Persian Gulf, Kurrachee, and the Mekran Coast, containing
many desiderata and the types of several new species described
by Mr. Boulenger. A series from the Russian Empire, including
the types of many species described by Prof. Kessler, was
received from the St. Petersburg Museum. A collection made
by Dr. J. Bach in the River Jurua, Brazil, and one from the
Upper Congo, were purchased ; both contained types of species
described by Mr. Boulenger. Sir Harry Johnston presented a
collection from Nyassaland, Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner one from
Rotuma, and Dr. Goeldi another from the Amazon. Part of a
collection made in Bolivia and Argentina by Dr. BoreUi was
received from the Turin Museum.

1898.

The additions were 2111 in number. The Secretary of State
of the Congo Free State presented collections from the Congo
Free State in this and the two following years, these forming to
a great extent the basis of Mr. Boulenger's work, '' Les Poissons
du Bassin du Congo," and including co-t3rpes of the new species
described by him and figured in the "Annales du Mus^e du
Congo," 1898-1902. The Royal Society presented the Fishes
obtained by Mr. J. E. S. Moore in Lake Tanganyika, including
the types of numerous new species described by Mr. Boulenger in
his report. A series of Siamese Fishes was received from the
Royal Siamese Museum, and another from Ecuador, obtained
by Dr. H. Festa and including several tjrpes, from the Turin
Museum. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist gave collections from the Cape
of Good Hope, including examples of several new or rare species,
in this year and again in 1900 and 1902.

1899.

1128 specimens were received. A series from the Russian
Empire, including many types, was obtained from the Imperial
Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg. The collection made by
Mr. R. T. Gunther on his expedition to Lake Urmi, and that
made by Messrs. W. R. Ogilvie Grant and H. O. Forbes at
Socotra and Abd-el-Kuri, were presented by the Royal Society.
General Lugard gave a series from the Upper Niger.

Fishes. 545

1900.

The number of specimens received was 1144. Dr. D. S.
Jordan presented a series of co-types of species described by him
from Alaska, and a collection of 258 specimens from the Pacific,
mostly co-types of species described by him was purchased, as
was one from the Senegal, made by M. Delhez.

1901.

The additions numbered 1265. Sir Greorge Newnes presented
the Fishes obtained during the Southern Cross Antarctic Ex-
pedition, including the types of the new species described by
Mr. Boulenger in his Report, and Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner a
collection from the Maldive Islands, forming the basis of a
Report by Mr. Regan, and containing the types of the new species
described by him. The Secretary of State of the Congo Free
State presented a series from the Ubangi, including co-tjpes of
several species described by Mr. Boulenger, and Dr. W. J.
Ansorge the types of eight new species from Nigeria, also
described by Mr. Boulenger. A series from the Atlantic Coast
of Central and South America, including the types of several
species described by American authors, was purchased.

1902.

The accessions totalled 1685. The Director of the Royal
Natural History Museum, Brussels, presented a series of fishes
from the Congo, containing co-types of several new species
described by Mr. Boulenger. Mr. F. W. Styan sent a small but
valuable collection from Shanghai, and one from Morocco, made
by Herr Riggenbach and described by Dr. Gunther, was pur-
chased. Large series of Fresh-water Fishes collected by Dr.
W. J. Ansorge in Southern Nigeria and by Mr. G. L. Bates
in Cameroon and the Gaboon, including the types of many
new species described by Mr. Boulenger, were acquired. Mr. R.
Gordon Smith presented a collection made by him in Japan,
containing many desiderata. The Fishes collected by Mr. E.
Degen in Abyssinia prove to be of great interest, examples of
all the species described by Riippell having been obtained,
besides many hitherto unknown, which have been described by
Mr. Boulenger.

VOL. II. 2 N

546 Zoology.

1903.

The accessions totalled 1744. A collectioa from Japan,
including co-types of several species described by Dr. D. S.
Jordan, was acquired, as was a large series from Panama,
including co-types of many species described by Dr. Jordan and
other American authors. Dr. Gunther presented a collection
from the Gold Coast made by the late Mr. R. B. N. Walker and
described by the donor. Other important collections containing
examples of new species were one made by Mr. G. L. Bates in
South Cameroon and one from the Coast of Natal, presented by
Mr. J. F. Quekett, which were described by Mr. Boulenger, and
« collection made in the Andes of Venezuela by Sr. Briceno and
one from Rio Janeiro, presented by Dr. E. A Goldi, which were
described by Mr. Regan.

1904.

1530 Fishes were added to the collection. H.M. the King of
Portugal presented a series from the coast of Portugal, mostly
examples of large size taken at considerable depths. Dr. J. D.
F. Gilchrist presented a collection from the seas of South Africa,
including co-types of several species described by him. A series
of Fresh-water Fishes from Cuba, including specimens of the
Blind Cave-fishes, previously unrepresented in the collection, was
received from Prof. C. H. Eigenmann. A collection made in
Angola by Dr. W. J. Ansorge was acquired. Important col-
lections described by Mr. Boulenger, and containing examples of
several new species, were a second one made by Mr. G. L. Bates
in South Cameroon, one from Uganda and the Niger, presented
by Mr. J. S. Budgett shortly before his death, and one from
Lake Victoria, presented by Colonel Delm6-Radcli]3e. Mr. F.
W. Townsend presented a collection from the Persian Gulf and
the Sea of Oman; a series from Thibet was received from
Captain H. J. Walton, and pne from Yunnan from Mr. John
Graham. These were described by Mr. Regan and included the
types of many new species.

Fishes. 547

Alphabetical List op the mobe Impobtant Contbibutobs
TO THE Collection op Fishes.

Admiralty, Lords of the.

The collection of Fishes made during the voyage of H.M. Ships
Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Boss:
presented in 1844.

'J'he Fishes collected during the voyage of H.M.8. Sulphur, under the
command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher : presented in 1844.

The Fishes obtained during the voyage of U.M.S. Herald, under the
conunand of C'aptain Kellett : presented in 1856.

The above collections were separately reported on by Sir John
Richardson, and they contain the tyx)es of the new species described
by him.

Bleeker (Pieteb). [1819-1878]

The Fishes received from Dr. Bleeker during the years 1859-1867
included all the types of the species described and figured by him in the
first four volumes of the " Atlas Ichthyologique," and also the types of
many species described in the later volumes. The British Museum
Collection contains the types of the Siluridae, Cyprinidae, Clupeidae,
Muraenidae, Labridae, Pleurunectidas, Gymnodontes, Lophobranchii and
Elasmobranchii described by Dr. Bleeker.

Congo Free State^ Secretary of State of the.

The collections presented during the years 1898-1901 formed, to a
great extent, the basis of Mr. Boulenger's work, '* Les Poissons du Bassin
du Congo," published in 1901, and contain co-types of the new species
described therein, and figured in the '* Annales du Mus4e du Congo,"
1898-1902.

Coppinger (Richabd Willla.m).

During the survey of H.M.8. Alert in the years 1880-1882
Dr. Coppinger made collections of Fishes from the Straits of Magellan and
the South Pacific, and presented them to the Museum, where they have
been reported upon by Dr. Giinther.

Day (Fbancis). [1829-1889]

A large collection of Fishes made by Mr. Day and bequeathed by him
to the Museum, was acquired at his death in 1889. It included 4400
Indian Fishes and 155 British SalmonidaB, many of them being co-types
of the species described by him iu the ** Fishes uf India,'' or illustrating
his account of the " Fishes of Ureat Britain," and " British and Irish
Salmonidas."

Dow (J. C).

Fishes obtained by Captain Dow in Central America and presented by
him to the Museum in 1861, 1864. and 1867, formed, with the collections
made by Messrs. Godman and Salvin in 1859 and 1865, the basis of
Dr. Giinther's " Fishes of Central America," published in the " Trans-
actions of the Zoological Society " in 1868.

2 N 2

548 . Zoology.

Hon. East India Company.

A collection of Fresh-water Fishes of India, containing the types of
the species described by M'Clelland in his memoir on " Indian Cyprinidae,"
published in 1839, was presented in 1859, and in 1860 the East India
Company presented their entire collection of Fishes, including the types
of the species described in Dr. Cantor's *' Catalogue of Malayan Fishes."

Eigenmann (Cabl H.) and (Rosa Smith).

During the years 1891-1893 more than 1400 specimens of Fishes
from Canada, British Columbia, and California, were purchased of Dr.
and Mrs. Eigenmaim, including the types of all the new species described
by them from British North America.

Fea (Leonardo).

In 1893 a series of Fishes, selected from the collection made by Signor
L. Fea in Burma, containing co-types of most of the new species described
by Dr. Vinciguerra, was purchased.

OodefDroy Musenm, Hamburg.

From 1869- 1881 many desiderata, including types, were received from
the Godeffroy Museimi. These were principally from the Australian
coasts and the Pacific, and, with Whitmee's collections, formed the basis
of Dr. Gunther's *' Fische der Siidsee," published in the Journal of the
Godeffroy Museum.

Oodman (Frederick Du Cane). [1834- ]
See Dow.

Oronow (Laurence Theodore). [1730-1777]

The collection of Dr. Laurence Theodore Gronow, better known by his
latinised name of Gronovius, was purchased at an auction in London in
1853, together with 84 original dbrawings, and a manuscript catalogue,
which was printed in 1854 by the authorities of the British Museum.
Dr. Gronow was a Senator of Leyden, and one of the best ichthyologists
of his time.

Hardwicke (Thomas) [ -1835]

The collection of Indian fishes made by General Hardwicke, including
the types of the species described and figured by Dr. J. E. Gray in the
" Illustrations of Indian Zoology," published in 1830-1832.

Haslar^ Royal Naval Hospital oil

See Smith.

Indian Musenm^ Calcutta.

Deep-sea Fishes of the Indian Ocean, obtained during the survey of
H.M.S. Investigator, including many co-types of species described by
Dr. A. Alcock, have been received in exchange from the Indian Museum
during the years 1890-1898.

Johnson (James Yate).

Fishes obtained at Madeira by Mr. Johnson, including the types of
many new species described by him and by Dr. Giinther, were presented
by him in 1861-1864 and again in 1881 and 1890.

Fishes. 549

Leyden MusenixL

A collection of Fishes from Japan, containing duplicates of many
species described by Prof. Schegel in the " Fauna Japonica ; " purchased
in 1844.

Lowe (Richard Thomas).

Fishes from Madeira, the Canary Isles, etc., collected and described by
the Rev. R. T. Lowe, including many types, were presented by him during
the years 1859-1864.

Newnes (^tV Geobge).

The collection made during the voyage of the Southern Cross in
Antarctic waters, containing the types of the new species described by
Mr. Boulenger in his Report, was presented by Sir Gkorge Newnes
in 1902.

Paris MuseuxxL

Specimens from the French Talisman and Cape Horn expeditions,
mostly duplicates of bathybial species described by Prof. Yaillant, were
received in exchange from the Paris Museum in 1890.

Pamell (Riohabd). [ -1882]

A collection of Fishes from the Firth of Forth and Scottish Rivers,
containing the types of the species described by Dr. Pamell in his essay
" On the Fishes of the Firth of Forth," was presented by him in 1839.

Playfair (Sir Robert Lambert). [1828-1899]

Collections of Fishes from Zanzibar, forming the basis of Gilnther and
Playfair's " Fishes of Zanzibar," published in 1866, and containing the
types of the new species described therein, were presented by Sir Lambert
Playfair during the years 1864-1869.

Reeves (John). [1774-1856]

The Fishes collected in China by Mr. J. Reeves and his son during
the years 1812-1831, together with a series of drawings taken from living
or fresh specimens, formed the basis of Sir John Richardson's " Report on
the Ichthyology of China," published in 1845.

Salvin (Osbbrt). [1835-1898]
See Dow.

Smith {Sir Andrew). [1797-1872]

Fishes from the Cape of Qtood Hope, collected by Sir A. Smith, M.D.,
including the types of most of the species described by him in the
"Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa," 1838-1849. Some of
these were presented by Sir A. Smith to the British Museum in 1851,
others to the Royal Naval Hospital of Haslar, these latter cominc; into the
possession of the British Mu^ieum in 1855, with the rest of the Haslar
collection.

SmithBonian Institution.

In 1861 and 1880 collections of American Fishes were presented by
the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1896 a large series of deep-sea Fishes
from ofif the coasts of North America, including the types of many species

550 Zoology.

described by Messre. GKxxle and Bean and by Dr. S. Grarman, was received
in exchange.

Treasury^ Lords Commissioners of the.

The large collection of Fishes made during the voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger in 1873-1876, forming the basis of three Reports, by
Dr. Gtinther, *.c., " Shore Fishes," published in 1880, "Deep-sea Fishes,"
1887, and " Pelagic Fishes," 1889 ; and containing the types of the new
species described in them. The different series were presented on the
publication of the respective Reports.

Tarrell (William). [1784-1856]

The collection of British Fishes made by Mr. Yarrell, forming the
basis of his book, " British Fishes," published in 1836-1836, was received
in 1856.

6. INS EOT A.

List op Officers more or less connected with the Ento-
mological Department in past Years.

Its

AaoistAxn.

si.

Hi

KSBFSRS OF

Natural Uistort.

W

AWHSTAVT

Kbsprbs.

1756

Henry Rimine.

1756

(Joseph EmpBon,

1757

William Hudson.

1758

Bey. A. Planta.

1765

D.C.8olander,M.D.

1765

Bey. 8. Harper.

1773 ! John 0. Justamond.

1776

Bey. P. H. Maty.

1782

Boy. P. H. Maty.

1778

Edw. W. Gray.

1787

Edw. W. Gray.

1782

Bey. C. G. Woide.

1791 George Shaw.

1807

George Shaw.

1807 Charles Eonig.

1813

Charles Konig.

1813 W. E. Leach. M.D.

1816

J. G. Children.

1837— Zoology made a separate Department.

Kbbpbbs of

ZuOLOOT.

1837

J. G. Children.

1821

G. Samouelle.

1824

J. E. Gray.

1840

J. E. Gray.

1831 G. B. Gray.
1835 Adam White.

1869

G. B. Gray.

1842 Edw. Doubleday.

1850 F. Smith.

1872

A. Gunther.

1863 1 A. G. BuUer.

1875

A. Giinther.*

1875

F. Smith.

1866

C. 0. Waterhouse.

1879

A. G. Butler.

1879

W. F. Kirby.

1886

C. J. Gahan.

1889 F. A. Heron.

1889 E. E. Austen.

1895 Sir G. F. Hampson.

1895

SirW.H.Flower.t

1895-In«

>ctd made a separate Section.

1896 G. J. Arrow.

1

1

lono /Prof. E. Bay
^^^ \ Lankester.

Sir G. F.
1901 Hampson
1 (acting).

* First Appointed in 1862.

t Appointed Director in 1884.

652 Zoology.

PbOGBKSS IK THE Ck)LL80nON OF InSBCTS IN THE BbITTSH

Museum since the pubchase bt the Govebnmbnt of
THE Collection of Sib Hans Sloane in 1753.

At the time of its acquisition the Sloane Museum is said to have
contained 5394 Insects; there is, however, evidence that this
number included Arachnida and Mjriapoda. The present number
of Hexapoda in the Museum collection amounts approximately to
1,018,000.

Until the Museum was opened to the public at the com-
mencement of 1759, it was hardly to be expected that many
additions would be made to the collections, and it seems clear
that for many years subsequently the accessions to this class
were extremely few ; indeed, in Edwards' " Lives of the Founders
of the British Museum " (Triibner k Co., 1870), p. 334, we read :
" To the Zoological Collections, the additions made, whether by
gift or by purchase — save as the result, more or less direct, of
* Voyages of Discovery,' . . . were for many years very un-
important."

A study of a "Synopsis of the Contents of the British
Museum,^' published by Messrs. Taylor, of Shoe Lane, indicates
that in 1815 the whole of the Insects were exhibited to the
public in two cases, in Room X. of the upper floor in Montague
House, in such a way as to show the distribution of the Class
into Orders. Some years later, however, a private collection
contained in cabinets was available for students, provided that
they made application to the officer in charge two days before
their intended visit, as only a limited number of visitors could be
admitted at the same time.*

When it is borne in mind that up to 1808 all visitors to the
Museum had to be admitted by ticket (to secure which certain
formalities had to be gone through), and that consequently "the
aggregate number of persons admitted as visitors — exclusive of

* '' SynopsiB of the Oontento ," ed. 26, 1832, p. 36, footnote.

Insecta. 553

students — was, for some years, restricted to sixty persons, as a
maximum, in any one day," ♦ it is hardly surprising that the
general public should not have greatly exerted itself to add to
the collection of Insects.

The exact rate of increase to the collection cannot be
accurately discovered until 1876, at which date the number of
additions to the Class was first recorded in the Annual Report of
Progress. Prior to that date the term " Annulosa " was employed
for the Arthropoda generally, for many years, and subsequently
for all excepting the Crustacea ; there is, however, one exception
to this rule in 1844, a year in which the additions to the
Annulosa were greatly in excess of those in previous years,
amounting to no less than 19,191 (of which 18,436 were insects).

Progress in the Arrangement of the Collections.

Nothing very definite is known respecting the earlier arrange-
ment of the Insect collections, but there is internal evidence to
show that from 1813 to 1835 it was carried on by Dr. W. E.
Leach, and Messrs. J. G. Children and G. Samouelle ; from 1835 to
1842 the greater part of the work of arrangement in all Orders
was continued by Mr. Adam White. At that date Mr. Edward
Doubleday relieved him of the care of the Lepidoptera, and in
1850 Mr. F. Smith entered the service and took charge of the
Hjrmenoptera. So far as can be ascertained^ the progress in the
arrangement of the various Orders between 1844 and 1900 is as
follows : —

Coleoptera.

From 1842 to 1850 this Order was under the charge of Mr.
Adam White, who, in 1846, arranged the Cetoniadse and, in 1847,
the Hydrocanthari ; commencing the Bupreatidse the same year,
he completed them in 1848; then proceeded to the Cleridm,
completed in 1849. In 1851 Mr. F. Smith arranged and
catalogued the Oucujidae; in 1852, the Passalidse; Mr. Adam
White being engaged in the same and subsequent years upon the
Longicomia, which he completed in 1855; in 1856 Prof. C. H.
Boheman arranged and catalogued the Ctuaididse ; in 1856 also
the British Curculionidse were catalogued, and probably arranged,
by Mr. John Walton; in 1858 the Hupidm were catalogued and

♦ ** Uvea of the FounderB," p. 324.

554 Zoology.

arranged by Dr. J. S. Baly, and in 1860 the early group of the
Halticidse by the Rev. Hamlet Clark.

Owing to the acquisition of the Bowring collection in 1863,
the collection of Coleoptera became so congested that a complete
expansion and rearrangement of the various families became
necessary ; therefore, in 1864, Mr. F. Smith rearranged the
Cetoniadse, Bupreatidse, and the straight-homed Ourculionidse. He
completed the arrangement of the Ourculionidse in 1865. In

1866 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse commenced the arrangement of the
Melolonthidsey Butelidsey and other Lamellicom families, and in

1867 he arranged the Hydradephaga, Mr. Smith commencing the
arrangement of the Phytophaga, which was continued for some
years.

In 1874, owing to the purchase of the Saunders collection
of Buprestidse, that family again needed revision and expansion.
This work was undertaken conjointly by Messrs. F. Smith and
C. O. Waterhouse. In 1875 the Pcusalidae and part of the
Longicoms were arranged by Mr. Waterhouse, the Longicorns
being continued in 1876 and 1877; in 1878 he arranged the
Lycidse and catalogued them. From this date to 1887 little or
nothing seems to have been done in the arrangement of this Order,
the time of Mr. Waterhouse having been chiefly occupied with
the registration, labelling, and incorporation of accessions, and the
description of new species. In 1887, however, Mr. C. J. Grahan
commenced a complete revision and rearrangement of the Longi-
com Coleoptera, incorporating the numerous accessions received
since its last arrangement, and this work was continued until
1890, when this Assistant took up the Phytophaga. Meanwhile,
in 1888, Mr. Waterhouse arranged the Boatrichidse and, in 1889
and 1890, the Scarahseidse. In 1891 Mr. Gahan commenced the
Oaleruddeey which he completed in 1894. In 1895 Mr. Gahan
proceeded to the Eumolpidaey which he completed in 1897, since
which time he has devoted his time to the incorporation of
accessions, working out and more critically revising certain of the
more difficult groups of Longicoms and identification of undeter-
mined material. In 1897 the Endomychidse and CoccineUid«
were arranged by Mr. G. J. Arrow, who, in 1898, ari'anged the
Melolonthidee, expanded and partly arranged the Dynaatidse, and
commenced the Buteltdse, which he completed in 1900, subse-
quently dealing with the remaining families of Lamellicomia
{Qeotruptdse, AphodiidsBy etc.) and in 1904 undertaking the
Passalidse, He also expanded the Cicindelidw in 1899. A

Insecta. 555

revision of the great series of Clavicom families begun by
him in 1900 has continued with necessary interruptions up to
the present time, but the more important families, such as
SilphidsBf HisteridsB, Nitidulidse, Cucujidse and Colydiidse, have
been completed.

In 1902 Mr. Gahan completed the incorporation of the
Godman-Salvin collection of Longicornia. In 1903 he arranged
the CehrionidsBy Bhipiceridse, Dascillidaef Lycidse and LampyrideBf
incorporating the Grodman-Salvin collections and other accessions.
The Janson collection of Elateridse having been presented by
Mr. Grodman in 1903, Mr. Gahan in 1904 commenced the
arrangement of this family, and during the year carried it
forward as far as to the end of the group Monocrepidiini.

In 1903, on the acquisition of Capt. Kerremans' collection of
Buprestidee, Mr. Waterhouse began the rearrangement of this
family, and this work is still in hand.

Orthoptera.

The collection of Orthoptera was roughly arranged, probably
about 1860, by Mr. Adam White; the Phcumidse were subse-
quently (apparently in 1853) rearranged and revised by Prof.
J. O. Westwood. In 1867 the Blattarise were systematically
arranged and catalogued by Mr. F. Walker, who proceeded to
the Dermaptera Saltatoria in the following year, and completed
the Order in 1870. In 1888 Mr. W. P. Kirby rearranged the
Blattarisey and from that date continued the rearrangement of the
Orthoptera until it was completed. At present the Orthoptera
are again being revised and catalogued, the first volume of the
printed catalogue (Forficulidae to Phasmidae) having recently
appeared. The revision and cataloguing of the remaining families,
commencing with the Gryllidae, is at present in progress.

Neuroptera.

The first attempt at a systematic arrangement of the Museum
collection of Neuroptera seems to have been that undertaken by
Walker in 1852, when he arranged and catalogued the Order.
In 1857 Dr. Hagen revised and catalogued the Termitina. In
1886 the rearrangement of the Neuroptera was commenced by
Mr. W. F. Kirby and was continued at intervals up to 1900,
by which time the important groups of Odonata and Planipennia
had been completely re-arranged.

556 Zoology.

Lepidopteba.

The first systematic arrangement of the Butterflies was
probably commenced by Mr. Edward Doubleday on his entry
into the service in 1842 ; these were catalogued by him in the
Lists published between 1844 and 1848. In 1851 Mr. G. R.
Gray revised the PapilianidaB^ publishing a catalogue of the
family in 1852 and a List in 1856. In 1864 Dr. A. G. Butler
began a complete rearrangement of the Butterflies, introducing
for the first time the Continental method of setting, as being in
every respect more satisfactory than that then in general use in
Great Britain. This rearrangement, owing to the small extent
of the collection at that date, occupied less than two years, but
the revision, expansion, and naming-up of various genera was
continued for several years later, the family Safyridm being
completely revised and catalogued in 1867. In 1890 the sub-
family Morphinse was expanded and numerous accessions incor-
porated by Mr. F. A. Heron; various genera of Nymphalinse
were also expanded and rearranged by the same gentleman.
In 1891 Mr. Heron commenced the rearrangement of the
Danainse, which had become greatly congested ; he also com-
menced the Hesperiadse in conjunction with Lieut. E. Y. Watson.
These groups were all completed in 1892. In 1893 the Euphsedra
group of Nymphaline Butterflies was revised and expanded, and
in 1894 the Amathusianse and Danainse of the Old World were
again arranged in order to incorporate the large series from
the Grodman and Salvin collection ; the rearrangement of various
Nymphaline genera was also continued by Mr. Heron in this and
the succeeding years up to 1900. In 1895 he arranged the
Elymniansej and Dr. Butler the Acrseinse, In 1896 Mr. Heron
arranged part of the Satyridee, and Dr. Butler commenced a
revision and rearrangement of the Pieridse, completing the sub-
family in 1898. In 1897 Mr. Heron commenced the arrangement
of the Ithomianse and Heliconinsef and in 1898 continued the
Satyridse, the genus Erehia being arranged by Mr. H. J. Elwes.
In 1899 Dr. Butler commenced a preliminary examination and
rearrangement of the Lycdenideey which he completed in 1900 ;
Mr. Heron commenced a rearrangement of the PapilianidaB^ and
continued that of the Satyridse, Ithomianse and Nymphalinse.

Between the beginning of 1902 and the end of 1904 the
Satyridse were completely rearranged by Mr. Elwes and Mr.
Heron. In 1904, while Mr. Elwes, who had previously (in 1899)

Insecta. 557

arranged Argynnis, rearranged the Holarctic genera of the
Nymphalidm. The Elymnianse, Amathtmanse^ Brassolinse and
MorphinsB were arranged by Mr. Heron, who commenced the
same year the revision of the Danainse.

Very little had been done towards the arrangement of the
Moths until 1849 when Mr. J. F. Stephens commenced the
arrangement and cataloguing of the British Collection. In 1853
Mr. H. T. Stainton revised and catalogued the Tineina, and in
1855 Messrs. H. T. Stainton and Edwin Shepherd revised the
work done by Mr. Stephens. From 1853 to the commencement
of 1866 Mr. F. Walker was engaged upon the arrangement and
cataloguing of the general collection of Moths ; and in 1872, the
collection having become congested and greatly needing revision,
Dr. Butler commenced the rearrangement, but had for a time to
give them up in order to devote his time to the rearrangement of
the Arachnida, Myriapoda, and part of the Crustacea ; however,
he resumed them in 1874, continuing them without assistance
until 1890, when Mr. W. Warren was engaged to rearrange the
Geom6trites and Pyralites, which were completed in 1893.
Meanwhile Dr. Butler was arranging the Noctuidse, which were
completed in 1893. The Moths were then placed under the
charge of Sir G. F. Hampson, who, in 1892, had commenced a
rearrangement with the families Psychidse, Cosaidse, ArhelidsBy
Hepialidse, Uraniadse, Epiplemidse, and Sesiadae ; in 1893 he
rearranged the Crambinse and PhydiinsBy completing the latter
in 1894; in 1895 he arranged the ThyrididsB and part of the
Pyralidee, completing these, the Omeodidsey Pterophoridsey and
commencing the Sphingidse in 1896 ; in 1897 he completed the
Sphingidae and rearranged the sub-families Nolinae and Oalerianse ;
in 1898 he revised and catalogued the SyniomidsBy rearranged
the Satumiadsey Ceratocampidsey BrahmrndsSy BomhyctdsBy and
Drepanidse; in 1899 he revised and catalogued the Lithosiid
group of Arctiadse and rearranged the Gymaiophoridaey Noiodon-
tidsBy LasiocampidsBy ChryaopolomidsBy EndromidsBy MegalopygidsBy
LimacodidaBy BatardidsBy ArgyrotypidsBy DalceridsBy and Arhelidw ;
in 1900 he arranged and revised the remainder of the ArciiadsBy
and the AgaristideBy of which he published a catalogue in 1901 ;
he also arranged the LymantriadsBy Hypsidasy UraniadsB ; in
1902-3 he wrote a catalogue and rearranged the Noctuid sub-
family AgroiinsBy and in 1904 the sub-family HadeninsB.

558 Zoology.

Hymenoptera.

With the exception of the Chalcidtdse, which were revised
by Mr. F. Walker and catalogued from 1846 to 1848, it is
probable that no systematic arrangement of the Order was
carried out until Mr. F. Smith took it up subsequent to his
appointment in 1850. In 1851 his first British Catalogue, and in
1853 his first Creneral Catalogue, appeared, the last volume of
which was published in 1859. In 1855 Mons. T. Desvignes
revised the Ichneumonidse, of which a list was published in 1856.
In 1880 and 1881 Mr. W. F. Kirby rearranged and studied
the families Tenthredinidse and Siricid«y a catalogue of which
appeared in 1882 ; he also commenced the Cyniptdse, Evaniadse,
and Chalddidse, In 1897 Col. Ch. Bingham commenced a
rearrangement of the Order, with the family Pompilidsey which he
has now completed and has since then arranged the Formicidee
and commenced the Ve^pidm,

DiPTERA.

The first systematic arrangement of the Museum collection
of this Order was probably attempted by Adam White during
the first ten years of his service. In 1847 the collection was
taken up by Mr. F. Walker, who published his first catalogue-list
in 1848 and his last in 1855 ; in 1874 Mr. F. Smith arranged
the Order, completing it in 1875. In 1890 Mr. E. E. Austen
began the arrangement and formation of a British Collection of
Diptera, the collection previously existing having been much
neglected ; in 1891 he began the rearrangement of the Syrphidee
of the General Collection, and completed that of the British
Hippohoacidse and CEstridae; the Syrphidm were continued in 1892
and 1893, the British Limnohidae, Tipulidse, Chironcmidse and
Bihionidae being also arranged in the latter year ; in 1894 and
1895 he arranged the British Muscidse and the Cutiterehnnm of
the General Collection; in 1896 the British Conopidse^ Leptidss^
and Bombylidae were arranged, and the Ortalidse and Try^petidm
commenced; in 1897 and 1898 the British Cordyluridse were
studied with a view to their arrangement. In 1900 the study,
arrangement, and monographing of the Oulicidse (mosquitoes)
were undertaken by Mr. F. V. Theobald, who published the first
two volumes of his monograph of the family in 1901, and the
third volume in 1903. In 1901 Mr. Austen arranged or

Insecta. 559

rearranged several families in the British Collection, and in
1902-1903 worked out the Tsetse-flies (Olossina), upon which he
published a monograph in the latter year. In 1903-1904: he
rearranged those portions of the general collection comprised in
the families HippoboscidsB^ Nyctertbidse, Strehlidee, and Muacidm
Calyptratw down to the end of the section Butilia, and in-
corporated the extensive series of Central American material
belonging to these families contained in the Godman-Salvin
collection. The first portion of the Tahanidm (including the
Pangoninse and the genus Hsematopota) were rearranged by Miss
Gertrude Ricardo between 1900 and 1904, and between 1898
and 1904 the Midaidse, CanopidaSf and part of the Bombylidm
were similarly dealt with by Lieut.-Colonel J. W. Yerbury.

Rhynchota.

This Order was arranged and partly named up by Mr. Adam
White prior to 1850, and the Hemiptera Homoptera were
rearranged by Mr. F. Walker and catalogued between 1849 and
1852. In 1851-2 Mr. W. S. Dallas prepared a list of these
families of the Hemiptera Heteroptera (Pentatomidse, Coreidae
and Lygaiidae), which he appears to have arranged in 1853 ; the
whole Heteroptera were subsequently rearranged and catalogued
by Mr. Walker between 186G and 1873. In 1874 Dr. A. G. Butler
rearranged a portion of the Homoptera, which then numbered
10,161 specimens, referable to 4046 species, and completely revised
many of the genera and the whole of the New World Mem-
bracidse. In 1895 Mr. W. P. Kirby rearranged the Cicadidae,
In 1897 Mr. E. A. Waterhouse commenced a rearrangement of
the British Hemiptera, which was completed in 1899 ; and in the
latter year Mr. W. L. Distant commenced a complete revision
and rearrtuigement of the general collection of the Order ; he has
completed the Heteropterous section and is now at work on the
Homoptera.

Aptera.

For many years these were crowded together, without much
pretence at arrangement, in three or four cabinet-drawers, the
only exception being that the British Anoplura were placed in
the order of the list published by the Trustees in 1852, but
without special labels. These were all gone over and arranged
by Dr. Butler about 1873, and have not subsequently been
rearranged.

560 Zoology.

A Chronological Account op the Principal Accessions to
THE Collection op Insects to the end op 1904.

The following collections of Insects formed during the last
quarter of the 18th and £m3t quarter of the 19th centuries are in
the Museum : —

1. Some of Drury's types of Lepidoptera obtained in the
Milne Collection {v. p. 593), and described between 1770 and 1782.

2. Most of the Fabrician types described between 1775 and
1805 as being contained in the Banks Collection were received
with that collection (v. p. 580) presented in 1863 by the Linnsean
Society.

3. A large proportion of the species described in 1803 by
A. H. Ha worth in his "Lepidoptera Britannica" (v. pp. 589
and 597).

4. Most of the species described in 1818 by the Rev. W.
Kirby in "A Century of Insects" and "New Species of Insects
collected in New Holland by Robert Brown," also portions of
his collections of British Coleopieray and Hymenoptera described in
1802 in his "Apum AngH»" {v. p. 591).

5. The species described in 1802 by Marsham in his " Coleop-
tera Britannica " obtained in the Stephens Collection (v. p. 596).

1826.

The collection of British and Foreign Insects formed by
Dr. W. E. Leach was presented ; the number of specimens is not
recorded.

1835.

The large collection of Insects of all Orders made by Major-
Gleneral Thos. Hardwicke, chiefly at Nepal, bequeathed to the
Trustees.

1839.

A selection of about 1749 Insects, mostly Coleoptera and
Lepidoptera (including some types from Drury's collection), from
the collection of G. Milne : purchased.

1840.

The most important collection obtained in this year was that
of Mr. J. G. Children, of which 8286 specimens of all Orders
were purchased.

Insecta. 561

1842.

In this year, and again in 1845 and 1847, Dr. Andrew
Sinclair, R.N., presented a number of Insects of different Orders
from New Zealand. These are chiefly of interest from the fact
that some of them became the types of species described in the
"Voyage of the Erebus and Terror, ^^

1844.»

The chief addition was a collection of 6735 Insects of all
Orders, including many types, presented by the Entomological
Club.

1846.

1700 Lepidoptera collected by Mr. E. Doubleday in the
United States. Many of these were types of new species
described by M. A. Guen6e in the " Species G^n6ral des L6pi-
dopt^res," and a few described by Dr. Boisdaval.

1850.

241 Australian and other Insects of yarious Orders collected
by Mr. John Macgillivray during the voyage of H.M.S. Battle-
make. 24 specimens were added in the succeeding year.
Although the entomological results of the voyage were not of
great importance, a few of the species obtained were subsequently
described : presented. 182 Insects obtained on the N.W. coast
of America by Capt. Kellett, C.B., and lieut. Wood, of H.M.S.
Herald and Pandora, were also presented.

1851.

407 Insects collected by John Rae during Sir John Richard-
son's Arctic Land expedition : presented.

In this year the extensive selections from the collections made
by Mr. H. W. Bates on the Amazons were commenced, and
these were continued up to 1870.

1852.

The most valuable accession was H. Denny's collection of
British Anoplura, containing the types described and figured in

* In this year the first Insect Catalogue — ^**A List of Lepidopterous
Insects in the British Museom," Part I., by £. Doubleday— was published.

VOL II. 2 O

662 Zoology.

his << Monographia Anoplurarum Britanniae/' and consisting of
714 examples: purchased.

1853.

The collection of British Insects formerly belonging to James
Francis Stephens, Esq., containing the types of species described
in his works and those of other British entomologists.

1854.
A collection of 1313 Insects of various Orders, from Auck-
land, New Zealand, presented by Col. Bolton. Many of these
subsequently formed the types of new species.

1855.

The results of the voyage of H.M.S. HertM, consisting of
217 Insects of various Orders : presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty. A second collection was presented in 1856, con-
sisting of 140 'specimens, and a third in 1860, consisting of 164
specimens.

A valuable collection of 143 European Trichoptera, named
and, in many cases, compared with the original types : presented
by Dr. Hagen.

The Wollaston collection of 4000 Coleoptera from Madeira
and the Salvages, arranged and described by the collector:
purchased.

A collection of 155 Insects, obtained in Arctic America by
Capt. Collinson, R.N., of H.M.S. Enterprise: collected and
presented by him.

In this year the selection of specimens from the wonderful
collections made by A. R. Wallace in the Malay Archipelago and
the Moluccas was commenced, and continued up to 1862. A few
added in 1874.

1856.

A collection of 106 Micro-Diptera from Germany, named by
Herr Winnertz, the author of a monograph of the Cecidomyidae :
presented by F. Walker, Esq.

A large collection of Cecidomyidaey including the types of
Mr. Walker's descriptions in vol. iv. of the "Insecta Bri-
tannica " (vol. iii. Diptera) : presented by the describer.

A large collection of named European Lepidoptera, chiefly
important as forming the basis of the general European collection
for many years : purchased from A. Becker.

Insecta. 56S

1000 named Glerman Coleoptera, including co-types of
Staphilinidse named by Dr. M&rkel : purchased.

1004 co-types of European CurcuHonidsey <fec., named by
Schoenherr and Gtermar: presented by John Walton, Esq..
(225 additional specimens were presented by him in 1859).

1857.

A collection of 1196 OocdneUidae (the result of twenty-five*
years' collecting), named by M. Mulsant, and including 500'
species collected by Messrs. Buquet, Gremiere, Gehin, and Jekel,
and 50 species compared with the types of Messrs. Ohevrolat and
DeyroUe: purchased.

The collection of European Coleoptera formed by the late
Herr Braasche, consisting of 10,858 specimens: purchased.

1858.

5631 Insects of various Orders^ being the remainder of the
collection made in Madeira by T. Y. WoUaston, Esq. : purchased.

5628 Insects of all Orders from the collection of the Ento-
mological Society : purchased.

1859.

512 Insects of various Orders from Vancouver and adjoining
islands : presented by Dr. Lyall, R;N., of H.M.S. Plumper, by
whom they were collected.

1375 Insects of all Orders from Southern Australia, being
part of the Bakewell collection : presented in Mr. Bakewell's
name by Mr. McLeay.

A collection of about 3500 Insects of all Orders, many of
which originally formed part of Mr. Vigors' collection, including
the t3rpes described by him in the Zoological Journal ; also
numerous British Insects from the Wilkin's collection, including
types described by Messrs. Kirby, Spence, and others : presented
by the Zoological Society of London.

6983 German Ichneumonidse and 1700 Tenthredinidee, being
the private collection of the late Herr Kuthe : purchased.

A collection of 638, named Ceylonese Coleoptera, including
the types described by Messrs. Walker and Pascoe: presented
by Dr. Templeton. In the following year 171 Ceylonese Insects
of various Orders, including Walker's types, were added to this
donation.

2 0 2

564 Zoology.

1860.

The Horsfield and other collections of Insects made by the
officers of the East India Company in Java, the Malay Peninsula,
Ceylon, India, <fec. Of these no less than 4939 were from Java
;and 3181 from other localities ; they include numerous types of
;species described by Messrs. Horsfield, Moore, Guen6e, West-
wood, Bohemann, Walker, and others : presented by the Secre-
tary of State for India in Council.

328 Staphylinidse, described and named by Dr. Elraatz :
purchased.

686 European Coleoptera, named by M. Jekel : purchased
from Dr. Baly.

1861.

899 European and 82 N. American Staphylinidee^ described
and named by Dr. Kraatz : purchased. 176 miscellaneous,
named Coleoptera, from the same source, were added in 1862;
also 533 European Curculionidse.

49 t3rpes of Neuroptera from Ceylon and America : described
and presented by Dr. Hagen.

1862.

641 European Lepidoptera, named by Dr. Herrich-Schaffer :
purchased. (A considerable addition in the then poor state of the
European collection.)

1863.

507 British OurcuHonidsBf being as perfect a series as could be
secured at the sale of Mr. Walton's collection.

423 Insects from yarious localities, being the types of species
described by the Rct. W. Kirby in his "Century of Insects"
and other papers: presented by the Entomological Society of
London.

314 Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera, from S. America,
&c., being the types of species described by Messrs. Haliday,
Walker, and Curtis : presented by the Linnean Society of
England.

The collection of Insects formed by the late Sir Joseph
Banks, consisting of 4081 specimens, and including numerous
types of species described by Fabricins: presented by the
Xiinnean Society.

Insecta. 565

The collection of Coleoptera made by John C. Bowring, Esq.,
including the Tatum collection of (>eodephaga; the Jekel col-
lection of Rhynchophora, together with those collected on the
Amazon by Bates; the Chevrolat and Curtis collections of
Longicornia ; a very extensive series collected by the donor in
China, Malaysia, &c, ; also selections from the collections made
by Brettingham, Wallace, Mouhot, and others, amounting
altogether to 84,163 specimens : presented by Mr. Bowring.

A series of 199 Insects, of various Orders, collected chiefly
by Charles Darwin during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, and
including the types of species described by Messrs. G. R. Water-
house, J. O. Westwood, and E. Newman : presented by the
Entomological Society.

175 Coleoptera and 116 Hymenoptera from Ceylon, being the
types of species described by Mr. F. Walker : presented by the
Entomological Society.

1864.

4423 Coleoptera and 127 Hemiptera, being the collection of
these Orders made by T. V. Wollaston, Esq., in the Canaries ;
purchased.

An important selection from the collection of Chilian
Coleoptera made by M. Germain, consisting of 37 families,
448 species, and 968 specimens : purchased.

1865.

3207 Hemiptera, being the Saundersian collection of that
Order, including all the species collected by Messrs. Bates and
Wallace : presented by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq.

1867.

A selection from the Bake well collection of Bupreatidse (515
specimens), and the whole of his Lamellicoms (2430 specimens),
arranged by Reiche, and comprising the collections of Messrs.
Dejean, Reiche, Dupont, Buquet, and Gory : purchased.

5600 Phytophagous Coleoptera and 8000 Hydradephaga,
being the collection of the late Rev. Hamlet Clark ; it included
the collections of Messrs. Lafert^, Thomson, Chevrolat, Aub6, and
Dejean : purchased.

1535 Coleoptera and 130 Hemiptera, &c., being the collections
made by T. Vernon Wollaston, Esq., in the Cape Verde Islands,
including his types : purchased.

666 Zoology.

1868.

2118 Neuroptera, and 5213 Rhynchota and Diptera from
various localities : presented by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq.

56 types of British Ephemeridm preserved in glycerine : pre-
sented by A. E. Eaton, Esq.

The collection of British Ichneumanidse formed by the late
T. Desvignes, Esq., consisting of 6881 specimens, including most
of his types : purchased.

1062 NiiidulidaBy including the types of species described by
Andrew Murray, Esq. : purchased.

1869.

The typical specimens of Indian Hymenoptera, with their
nests (33 specimens), described by Charles Home, Esq., in his
paper published in the Transactions of the Zoological Society,
vol. vii. : presented by the describer.

1870.

186 Orthoptera from various localities, authentically named
by Herr Brunner, some of them co-types of species described in
his memoirs on Orthopterous Insects (in the following year 364
specimens were added) : purchased.

1871.

1495 Insects of various Orders, chiefly Coleoptera, from the
Azores, including the types of 16 new species described by
Crotch in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1867 :
presented by F. D. Godman, Esq., F.R.S. (A second collection
of 4100 specimens in 1876.)

1873.

2400 European Micro-Lepidoptera named by Dr. O. Stau-
dinger : purchased.

1874.

The collection of Bupresiidse formed by Edward Saunders
Esq. (7267 specimens, mostly named), including 364 types:
purchased.

Insecta. 567

1875.

The types with pupae and galls of Cacoeeta gaUicolens and
Mesoleptus mulleri, from New Zealand, described in the " Voyage
of the Erebus and Terror " : presented by Dr. A. G. Butler.

17 types of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Costa Rica,
described by Butler in " Lepidoptera Exotica " : purchased.

A collection of 171 Insects of all Orders from the South Sea
Islands, made by the officers of H.M.S. Pearl, under the command
of Commodore (roodenough, including many species new to science
(about 50 in the Butterflies alone) : presented by W. Wykeham
Perry» Esq. The same gentleman had already presented 9 South
Sea Butterflies in the previous year, and he continued to add
specimens of various Insects obtained during various voyages up
to 1883, but the most important were those secured during the
voyage of H.M.S. Pearl.

An interesting series of 188 Butterflies from Swaziland and
Natal, including the whole of the 152 examples of Teracolus,
collected by E. C. Buxton, Esq. These formed the principal
material for a revision of that difficult genus, and many of them
became types of new species : presented by E. C. Buxton, Esq.

1876.

From this date the annual increase to the collection of Insects
was first recorded, 13,526 having been added during the year.

A collection of 381 Insects, of various Orders, collected by
Messrs. G. Gulliver and H. H. Slater at Rodriguez during the
Transit of Venus expedition, including the types of 45 new
species : presented by the Royal Society.

A collection of 2345 Insects obtained by the late Dr.
Welwitch in Angola; delivered by his executors as a present
from the King of Portugal.

78 Insects, of various Orders, collected in the Galapagos
Islands during the voyage of H.M.S. Petrel, including the types
of several new species: presented by Commander W. E. de C.
Cookson, R.N.

The collection of Lepidoptera formed by Capt. Stackhouse
Pinwill in Malacca and Penang, consisting of 1488 specimens,
referable to 283 species, of which 35 were new to science and
upwards of 70 new to the collection : presented by the collector.
This collection formed the basis of a paper on the Butterflies
of Malacca published in the Transactions of the linnean Society.

568 Zoology.

A series of 2400 European Heterocerous Lepidoptera named
by Dr. Staudinger, an important accession at the time, as it
served to fill up many blanks in the Museum collection, which
was then very poor in Pakearctic forms : purchased.

1877.

In this year the working out and incorporation of the
collections of Insects obtained during the voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger were commenced, and were completed in 1888 ; they
consisted of 1000 Coleoptera, 321 Lepidoptera, and 368 Insects
of other Orders.

Total number of accessions 10,514.

The private collection of Japanese Lepidoptera formed by
F. M. Jonas, Esq., during three years' residence in Yokohama.
This was the first large collection received from Japan, and
included between 200 and 300 species new to science : purchased.

133 Heterocerous Lepidoptera from New Zealand, including
the types of 43 new species, were presented by Dr. Hector,
C.M.G., and John D. Enys, Esq.

17 Lepidoptera from Duke of Tork Island, including the
types of species described by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S. : pre-
sented by F. D. Godman, Esq., F.R.S.

The first selection from Dr. J. W. H. Trail's important
collection of Amazon Insects, consisting of 160 Butterflies and
170 Moths, including the types of 128 new species. In 1879 a
further selection of 168 Moths, including the types of 55 new
species ; in 1881 a third selection of 209 Moths, including 106
types; and in 1897, 1200 Coleoptera and 39 other Insects:
presented by the collector.

91 Insects from Grinnell Iiand, including several types, being
the proceeds of the Arctic Expedition : collected chiefly by Capt.
Feilden, R.N.

1878.

The accessions numbered 4526.

A part of the collection formed by the late Andrew Murray,
including the types of his monograph of the genus OatopSy portions
of his Old Calabar collection, so far as determined, including
132 types ; also the types of five species from Quito : purchased.

The typical series of 248 Coleoptera collected by the
naturalists of the expedition sent by the Geographical Society
of Bremen to Western Siberia : purchased.

Insecta. 569

In this year Col. Charles Swinhoe commenced the presentation
of various collections and types to the Museum. Between 1878
and 1892 these mounted up to 9895 Insects, including the types
of 490 Lepidoptera collected and described by himself. Since
then his types (described from his son's collection) have been
purchased.

1879.

The accessions, including the Hewitson Collection, amounted
to 34,347.

The Collection of Exotic Butterflies bequeathed by W. 0.
Hewitson contained 24,625 specimens, among which were
numerous types of species described by the donor, by A. R.
Wallace, A. G. Butler, Ac.

102 Lepidoptera from Tenasserim, including 55 types of
species described by J. Wood-Mason, Esq. : purchased.

3445 Hymenoptera, including 554 types, being a selection
from the collection of the late F. Smith, Esq. : purchased.

1860 Insects of various Orders, also many pupa-cases, &c,,
selected from the collection of the East India Museum, including
about 200 types : transferred by H.M. Secretary of State for
India.

The Wollaston collection of St. Helena Lepidoptera, consisting
of 364 specimens, including the types of 38 species, collected and
described by Mrs. Vernon Wollaston : purchased.

A selection of 1062 Lepidoptera from Sikhim and Bhotan,
from the well-known collection formed by Dr. W. lidderdale,
containing many new and rare species : purchased.

83 Lepidoptera, including the types of 11 species, described by
the donors, from New Ireland and New Britain : presented by
Messrs. €k>dman and Salvin.

63 Insects, larvse, &c., collected by Dr. Coppinger during the
voyage of H.M.S. Alert : presented by the Lords of the Admiralty.

Further collections were received as follows : — 18 examples in
1880, 17 in 1882, 22 in 1884, and 57 in 1886.

1880.

The accessions numbered 15,359.

A portion of the collection of Phytophagous Coleoptera
formed by Dr. J. S. Baly, consisting of 5696 specimens,
including numerous types : purchased.

A second portion, consisting of 4202 specimens, was purchased

570 Zoology.

in 1881 ; a third, 2184 specimenB, in 1885 ; a fourth, consisting
of 1863 Hispidse and 3934 Halticida (including 636 types), in
1886 ; and the final portion, consisting of 8273 Oalerucidm (of
which 473 were types), in 1890.

A fine series of North American Micro-Lepidoptera, consisting
of 476 specimens, including the types of 118 species, described by
the donor in " Illustrations of Typical Lepidoptera Heterocera,"
part iv. : presented by Lord Walsingham.

302 Moths from Chekiang, including about 50 types of species
described by W. B. Plryer, Esq. : purchased.

1881.

The accessions numbered 27,599.

A portion of the Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by
F. Bates, Esq., consisting of 8602 specimens, including numerous
types: purchased.

A second portion, consisting of 13,789 specimens, was
purchased in 1897.

A portion of the collection of Continental Hymenoptera
formed by Herr Buchecker, consisting of 7898 named specimens :
purchased.

The first half of the collection of N. American Lepidoptera
formed by Mr. A. R. Grote, consisting of 3247 named and
selected specimens, of which many are types : purchased.

The second half of this collection was purchased in the
following year, and consisted of 2807 specimens.

1882.

The additions to the Insects numbered 7277^

A selection from the fine collection of Lepidoptera collected
by Thomas Edmonds, Esq., in Chili, including the whole of the
types of species described by Dr. Butler in the Transactions
of the Entomological Society. This selection consisted of 104
Butterflies, including 34 types, and 530 Moths, of which 214 are
types : presented by the collector.

1883.

22,848 specimens were added to the collection.

The first half of the Zeller collection of Palsearctic and
Nearctic Lepidoptera (chiefly the former), consisting of 17,000
specimens, principally carefully identified : purchased.

Insecta. 571

The second half of this important collection was purchased in
the succeeding year, and consisted of 14,000 specimens.

The private collection of Hemiptera, formed chiefly in
Scotland, by the late George Norman, consisting of 2350
specimens : bequeathed by the collector.

1884.

The accessions numbered 34,991.

The collection of the late F. A. de Roepstorff, from the
Andaman and ISTioobar Islands, consisting of 10,000 Ooleoptera :
presented by his widow.

94 Lepidoptera from Palestine, including 28 types of species
described by the late Prof. Zeller : presented by Canon H. B.
Tristram.

9 Lepidoptera, including 5 types from the Caroline Islands,
described in the account of the United States Edipse expedition :
presented by Prof. E. G. Holden.

1885.

The number of accessions was 17,467.

The first of the numerous and valuable donations presented
by Messrs. Godman and Salvin, from Central America, consisting
of 7851 specimens. Further collections, both from Central
America and the Old World, have been presented from time to
time up to the present. A detailed account is given in the other
part of this report.

5 types of Lepidoptera from the Island of Dominica : presented
by G. F. Angas, Esq.

58 types of Lepidoptera from Karachi, Mhow, &o,, received in
exchange from the Karachi Museum.

1886.

The number of accessions was 21,609.

18 types of Lepidoptera from Buenos Ayres : presented by
Dr. Carlos Berg.

1887.

There were 18,166 accessions.

The collection of Macro-Lepidoptera made by Lord Walsing-
ham in California and Oregon in the years 1871-2, consisting of
1737 specimens : presented by the collector.

A collection of Lepidoptera, mostly British, with carefully

572 Zoology.

mounted larvae and pupae, the whole represented by 5680
specimens : presented by Lord Walsingham.

The collection of Macro-Lepidoptera Heterocera made in the
Kangra district by the Rev. J. H. Hocking, consisting of 3561
specimens. This collection contained numerous types of species
described by Dr. F. Moore, and was the material used for
" Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera,"
part vii. : purchased.

121 Lepidoptera from the Chapman collection, including 49
types of species, chiefly from the Congo, described by the late
F. Walker, Esq. : purchased.

1888.

The accessions were 7068.

A selection from the collection of Hawaiian Coleoptera formed
by the Rev. T. Blackburn, consisting of 898 specimens, of which
334 are types : purchased.

1889.

The accessions were 37,508.

A collection of British Lisects, consisting of 3143 Coleoptera,
6246 Diptera, 1407 Hymenoptera, 150 Lepidoptera, 66 Neu-
roptera, 85 Hemiptera, and 3 Orthoptera ; many of the specimens
figured or mentioned in Curtis' " British Entomology " : presented
by W. Clifton, Esq.

The collection of British Lepidoptera formed by the late
William Buckler, the author of a well-known work on the larvae
of British Butterflies and Moths : presented by Robert Newbury,

The collection of Lepidoptera formed by Sir George Hampson
in the Nilgiri Hills, consisting of 391 Butterflies and 2027
Moths, representing 989 species, of which about 300 were new
to science. This collection formed the basis for part viii. of
" Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera " :
purchased.

A collection of 2400 named Moths from Australia, collected
by Dr. G. H. Raynor, and including types of some of the species
described by E. Meyrick, Esq. : purchased.

The types of 96 European Hymenoptera from the collection
of the late Dr. O. Schmiedeknecht : purchased.

8 rare Butterflies from the Solomon Islands, four of them
being types of species described by G. F. Mathew, Esq.: purchased.

Insecta. 573

1890.

The accessions numbered 45,081.

Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N., who from time to time, since 1884,
had presented specimens from his collections to the Museum,
conmienced in 1890 the transmission of the important series
obtained by him as Chief Engineer of H.M.S. Penguin (presented
by the Lords of the Admiralty), 778 Insects of various Orders
being secured during the voyage between Aden and Australia.
In 1891, 3825 Coleoptera were added; in 1892, 3173 Coleoptera;
in 1893, 1114 Coleoptera; in 1895, 569 Lepidoptera and 195
Formicidse named by Prof. Forel.

The collection of European Lepidoptera formed by the late
Prof. Frey, containing 16,000 specimens referable to 4500 species.

12 Butterflies from the Araguaya River, S. America, including
the types of 7 species, described by Miss E. M. Sharpe : presented
by E. Reynolds, Esq.

24 Lepidoptera from the Sabaki River, E. Africa, including
the types of 4 species, described by Sir Q«orge F. Hampson :
presented by Keith Anstruther, Esq.

189L

The number of accessions was 20,707.

The collection of Coleoptera of the family EndomychidsBy formed
by the Rev. H. S. Gorham, consisting of 790 specimens, of which
91 are types : purchased.

A series of 145 Phytophaga from Ecuador, named and
described by Martin Jacoby, Esq. : presented by Messrs. Godman
and Salvin.

The Butterflies of the groups Limnaina and Euplceina, from
the Indian collection of Dr. F. Moore, 926 species, including 90
types: purchased.

In 1894 the Satyrinse of the same collection were added,
consisting of 1732 specimens, including 130 types or co-types;
in 1895, the Morphinse and Elymnianm, consisting of 313 speci-
mens; in 1898, the Charaxina, Potaminay and EutTMlianay 819
specimens, 68 types ; in 1899, the Limenitinay consisting of 1007
examples, were added ; also, in 1900, 700 other Nymphalinse,
including 57 types.

A further instalment, Argynnina (530 specimens), was
purchased in 1901, and the rest of the Nymphalidm, the
Erycinidse, and part of the Papilionidw (685 specimens, including

574 Zoology.

45 types) in 1902. The remaining Papilionidm (1020 examples)
were acquired in 1903.

A collection of 733 Lepidoptera from Ceylon, forming the
principal material used in " Illustrations of Typical Lepidoptera
Heterocera," part ix. : presented by E. E. Green, Esq.

1892.

The number of accessions was 48,028.

A selection from the collection of Indian Insects, formed by
the late E. T. Atkinson, Esq., consisting of 4500 Coleoptera,
8000 Rhynchota, 59 Lepidoptera, and 4 Diptera, including many
types: purchased.

A selection of 2460 Lepidoptera from the collection formed
by Lieut. E. Y. Watson in India and Burma, including co-types
of many species, named by Messrs. De Nic^ville and Watson :
presented by the collector. The following additional specimens
were subsequently presented :— 373 in 1894, 150 in 1895, 1048
in 1897, 432 in 1898.

1893.

The accessions numbered 106,591.

The collection of Coleoptera formed by F. P. Pascoe, Esq.,
F.R.S., consisting of 48,500 specimens, of which 3191 are types :
purchased.

The collection of Lepidoptera formed by the late H. T.
Stainton, Esq., F.R.S., consisting of 33,569 specimens, also his
entomological correspondence and a series of drawings of larvse of
Microlepidoptera : presented by his widow.

1894.

The accessions numbered 39,096.

The collection of Coleoptera made by Sir George Hampson
in the ISTilgiris, consisting of 1800 specimens : presented by the
collector.

The first half of the collection of Indian Moths formed by
Dr. F. Moore, consisting of 10,990 specimens, of which 859 were
types : purchased. The second half of this collection, consisting
of 10,591 specimens, of which 997 were types, was purchased in
the following year.

A series of 1500 Moths, formerly a part of the collection of

Insectcu 575

the late W. Wilson Saunders, Esq., including a number of types
of species, described by the late Francis Walker, Esq. : purchased.

132 Insects, chiefly Odonata, including the types of 4 new
species : presented by the Joint Committee of the Royal Society
and British Association for the Exploration of the West Indies.
In 1895 a collection of 2716 Insects from Grenada and St.
Vincent was added; in 1896, 610 Coleoptera, 67 Lepidoptera,
870 Hymenoptera, 25 Orthoptera, 19 Odonata, 17 Diptera, 23
Rhynchota ; in 1897, 889 Phytophaga, 262 Elateridse, and 59
DasdUidse; in 1898, 631 Coleoptera from St. Vincent and
Grenada; in 1899, 2382 Coleoptera, 2288 Hymenoptera, and
42 tubes of Formicidse from the same islands.

A series of 528 Diptera, including 231 types or co-types oi
exotic SyrphidsBy described by the late Mons. J. M. F. Bigot :
presented by G. H. Verrall, Esq.

1895.

The accessions were 27,463.

A collection of 145 Lepidoptera from Lake Nyasa, presented
by R. Crawshay, Esq. This was the first of a series of extremely
valuable collections presented in his own name by this indefatigable
cc^ector. A collection received in 1893 was also made by him,
but was forwarded by Sir H. H. Johnston and confounded with
that of his collector, Mr. A. Whyte. In 1896 Mr. Crawshay
sent a further consignment of 285 Lepidoptera, 12 Coleoptera,
and 5 Hemiptera ; in 1898, 22 Diptera, also 33 Lepidoptera from
Mombasa and its vicinity ; in 1899, 301 Lepidoptera chiefly from
Machakos, 178 Lepidoptera and 1 Dipteron chiefly from Masai-
land; in 1899, 5 Coleoptera and 345 Lepidoptera from Maranga,
&c. ; and in 1900, 5 Diptera, 425 Lepidoptera, and 24 Coleoptera
from the Kikuyu country. The number of new species and of
species new to the collection in these consignments was remark-
able, exceeding that produced by any other collector of E.
African insects whose collections have been added to the
Museum series.

1896.

The number of accessions for the year was 74,481*

The collections of British Insects formed by the late Dr.

J. A. Power, consisting of 30,000 Coleoptera and 6000 Hemi-

ptera: purchased.

576 /Zoology.

The Merlin collection of Greek Insects, consisting of 3009
named specimens : presented by Mrs. Merlin.

Series of 629 Moths from Polo Laut and 285 other Malayan
examples, including 54 types of Pyrcdidm, described by E.
Meyrick: presented by H. J. Elwes, Esq. In 1897 a farther
consignment of 84 Moths, including additional types, was added
to this donation.

The Cameron collection of Cynipidee and Tenthredinidaey 618
species, including 141 types, 391 microscope slides, 103 larvae,
242 drawings, galls, &o, ; also 12 other types of Hymenoptera
were added in 1897 : presented by F. D. Godman, Esq., F.R.S.
In 1899 an additional series of 94 Hymenoptera, chiefly types of
species described by the same author, was added by purchase.

1897.

The accessions were 44,069.

The principal additions in 1897 were continuations of collections
previously received, and are already noted.

1898.

The accessions numbered 15,731.

The collections obtained by Dr. C. W. Andrews during the
expedition to Christmas Island, and embodied in the published
report, entitled ^ A Monograph of Christmas Island," published by
the Trustees in 1900 : the number of Insects added was 1094.

1899.

The accessions were 62,042.

The collection of Insects made by Mr. E. E. Austen during
his stay in Sierra Leone with the expedition for the study of
malaria, consisting of 126 Coleoptera, 606 Lepidoptera, 92
Orthoptera, 237 Odonata, 275 Hymenoptera, 294 Diptera, and
79 Rhynchota. Many of these were forms of considerable
interest.

The pick of the collection of Insects obtained by Mr. W. R. O.
Grant during his expedition, in company with Dr. H. O. Forbes,
to the islands of Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri, consisting of 200
Coleoptera, 341 Lepidoptera, and a Wasp's nest. All the types
•of new species were included in the selection : presented by the
Royal Society.

Inaecta. 577

A series of 128 Moths from Ecnador, chiefly types of species^
described by the donor : presented by M. Paul Dognin.

The collection of Hymenoptera, chiefly aculeate, formed by
the late Rev. W. Farren White, consisting of 17,451 specimens,
largely from the collection of the late F. Smith, Esq. : presented
by Mrs. White.

1900.

The number of accessions was 33,719.

The collection of Hymenoptera formed in S.W. Persia by
Sr. M. M. de la Escabra, amounting to 2435 specimens : purchased.

The first portion of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera from the
collection of J. H. Leech, Esq., consisting of 5854 specimens from
the eastern PalsBarctic and Oriental regions : purchased.

190L

The number of accessions was 116,545.

25,645 Lepidoptera and 485 other Insects were selected from
the collection formed by the late Philip Crowley, who by his will
bequeathed to the Trustees all specimens required from his
collections ; they included a few types described by himself and
A. G. Butler.

The collection of 18,130 butterflies from the Palsarctic
Region, China and Japan, and 33,000 Moths from Europe formed
by the late J. H. Leech was presented to the Museum by his
mother, Mrs. N. Leech ; it includes all his types of butterflies
from China and Japan, and the collections formed by M. Sand
(France), Dohlmann (Denmark), Mutzell (Berlin) and G.
D'Emmich (Buda-Pesth).

Dr. Montandon's collection of 1916 Rhynchota including
many types and co-types was acquired by purchase.

1902.

The number of accessions was 28,031.

A selection of 4,264 Satyridse from the Holarctic Region was
presented by H. J. Elwes, Esq., being all that were required
from his collection to complete the Museum Series.

A collection of 1,009 N. American Diptera, chiefly from the
Tyler-Townsend collection, was acquired by purchase.

A collection of 98 Lepidoptera, collected in Central Africa
and including types described by Miss E. M. Sharpe, was
presented by Mr. E. S. Grogan.

VOL. II. 2 p

678 Zoology.

A collection of 121 Insects, collected in Nigeria by Dr. C.
Chnsty, and including types described by Miss E. M. Sharpe,
was presented*

A collection of 885 Insects from Townsville, Queensland, was
purchased.

1903.

The number of accessions was 94,429.

3199 Butterflies from the Holarctic Region, 444 from Chili,
and 400 Satyridm from the Oriental Region: presented by
H. J. Elwes, Esq., F.R.S.

272 Lepidoptera from Morocco : presented by E. G. Meade-
Waldo, Esq.

24,500 Goleoptera of the family ElateridBdy being the
collection formed by the late E. W. Janson : presented by
F. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.R.S.

10,866 Coleoptera of the family Buprestidm, being the
collection formed by Capitaine C. Kerremans : purchased.

1904.

The number of accessions was 77,316.

1700 JSTymphaline Butterflies belonging to Apatura, Limenitb,
Neptis, Vanessa and allied genera mainly from the Holarctic
Region, 200 AmathuianeB and Elymnianm from the Oriental
Region, and 410 Satyrida, mainly Oriental : presented by H. J.
Elwes, Esq., F.R.S.

1890 Coleoptera of the family Trichopterygidm, 727 of the
family CoryhphidsBy 175 Scaphidiidm and Silphidmy and 4 Amphu
zoidsBj the collections of the late Rev. A. Matthews : purchased.

3500 British Homoptera, and 1771 specimens of Cocddm, the
collections formed by J. W. Douglas, Esq. : purchased.

Insecta. 579

Alphabetical List of the previous Owners of Colleotions
OF Insects which contained Types when acquired by
THE Museum: with which are incorporated the names
OF the Chief Authors of Types preserved in the
Museum.

By OHAS. 0. WATERHOUSE.

Abbot (John).

J. Francillon's copy of Abbot's drawings is in the Museum. It is
comprised in seventeen volumes. Some of these figures have served as
types of new species.

Aldrich (J. M.).

See West Indies.

Andrews {Dr. C. W.).

See Christmas Island.

Angas (George French). [1822-1886]

Some types of Lepidoptera from Dominica, B. W. I.

Arrow (Gilhert John). [1873- ]

The types of numerous species of Coleoptera described by him.
See Christmas Island.

Ashmead (William H.).
See West Indies.

AtirivilliuB (C).

Types of African Eupterottdm and Chrysopolomidm,

Austen (Ernest Edward). [1867- ]
The types of various Diptera described by him.

Bakewell (Robert). [1858- ]

In 1867 the Trustees purchased a first selection of 2,430 species from
a large collection of Lamellicorn Coleoptera, which was in the possession
of Mr. Bakewell at the time of his death.

This collection was purchased by Bakewell from Lafert^, and it
appeared to be exactly in the state in which he bought it.

Lafert^*s collection was based upon that of Dejean, and the Dejeanian
labels were all retained ; but with it were amalgamated coUections from
Reiche, Dupont, Buquet and Gory.

The selection was made by me, and while making the selection I
named all the Museum species. Mr. Janson, who was well acquainted

2 p 2

580 Zoology.

with the circumstanceB of the collection, informed me that Reiche was
chiefly responsible for the arrangement and nomenclature ; and accepting
this view, all the Museum specimens named from it are labelled " so
named in Reiche's collection."

The remainder of the collection subsequently became the property of
M. B^n6 Oberthiir.

In 1871 the Trustees purchased a selection from Bakewell's collection
of Heteromera. This was valuable, as it contained that of Lacordaire ;
these latter are, however, only recognisable when they bear labels in his-
hand writing.

These are incorporated with the general collection.

Bee F. Bates.

Baly (Joseph Suqab). [1817-1890]

The Trustees purchased portions of Baly's collection of Phytophagous.
Goleoptera at dififerent times between 1880 and 1905, the whole col-
lection, numbering 28,000 specimens, being now in the Museum.

Some portions of this collection are still unincorporated.

See also Gtodmak and Salvin.

Banks (Sir Joseph). [1743-1820]

This collection was presented to the Museum W the Linnean Society
in 1863. It consists of over 3,000 specimens, ft was received in the
original Banksian cabinet, but as the drawers were by no means dust-
iroof, the specimens were transferred to good cabinets. The species are,
iowever, kept in the order of Fabricius* Systema Entomol(^ca. Some
of the species mentioned by Fabricius as being in this collection were not
in it when it was received by the Museum.

Considering that the collection is considerably more than a hundred
years old, and that it was for so many years in a badly-fitting cabinet,
the specimens are in a very fair state of preservation.

This is kept intact as a separate collection.

Bates (Fbedebick). [1829-1903]

In 1881 and 1897 the Museum purchased in two portions the entire
collection of Heteromerous Goleoptera formed by Mr. F. Bates. It con-
tains 7,200 species, 22,390 specimens. The collection is excellently
arranged. It will be incorporated with the general collection when
circumstances permit

Mr. Bates notes the following as having been acquired bv hun : —

"Lafert^*s collection, comprising second specimens nrom Dejean*B
collection."

" R. Bakewell's collection, including that of Lacordaire." *

** G. R. Waterhouse's collection.**

** First selection from Major Parry's collection.**

*' Desbrocbers des Loges' collection of Asida."

At the death of this entomologist a small collection of Butdidm
described by him was acquired by the Museum, which now contains the
whole of his types of Goleoptera.

* The remaining portion after the British Museum had made a aelectioii.

n<

Insecta. 581

Bates (Hbhbt Waltbb). [1825-1892]
See GoDMAN and Salyin.
iSeeGoBHAM*

"Beagle" Voyage.

A large proportion of the insects collected by Charles Darwin during
the y<r^age of the " Beagle," including the type-specimens described by
G. R. Waterhouse, J. 0. Westwood and E. Newman.

Bingham (Colonel Charles Thouas). [1848- ]

Most of the types of Hymenoptera described by this author, except
some in the collections of Mr. Distant and Mr. Rothney.

Blackburn (Bev. Thomas).

A collection of Coleoptera made in the Hawaiian Islands by the Rev.
T. Blackburn was purchased in 1888.

This was a first selection made by Mr. Blackbtim containing 419
species, 898 specimens, of which 334 were types.

This is at present kept as a separate collection.

Bowring (John Chables). [1821-1893]

In 1863 Bowring presented to the Museum his entire collection of
Coleoptera, consisting of about 230,000 specimens.

Bowring himself collected energetically while abroad in China, &c.,
and also employed persons to collect for him.

He purchased Chevrolat's entire collection of Longicomia. This was
intact when it came to the Museum, but the specimens have now been
incorporated wiUi the general collection, each bearing the label " Bowr.
Chevr."

Chevrolat's collection was founded on that of Dejean, and the Dejeanian
labels are preserved.

He also purchased Jekel's collection of Rhynchophora ; but as the
species were in most cases represented by a single example only, the
series obtained by Bowring should probably be regarded as a first pick of
the collection. The specimens were all numbered by Jekel.

They are now all incorporated with the Museum collection.

Bowring also possessed Tatum's collection of Geodephaga, and the
collection was in its original state when received by the Museum. The
specimens have been incorporated with the Museum collection, but may
be recognised by the rather large printed numbers (on tinted paper)
which refer to Tatum's register, which is in the Insect Room. Tatum
also used coloured labels (indicating the quarter of the world whence the
specimens came) for the specific names, and these labels are preserved.

Bowring stated in a letter to Dr. Gray when he presented the
collection that he possessed Major Parry's collection of Anthrtbidm,

These were incorporated with the Museum collection. They bear no
distinguishing ticket, and it is only those specimens which have labels in
Parry's handwriting (generally on thin coloured paper) that can now be
recognised as his.

In a vast collection like Bowring's there were of course large numbers
of specimens which have been put aside as duplicates, and which have
been used for purposes of exchange, or given to local museums.

682 Zoology.

Brown (Edwin). [1819-1876]

Edwin Brown had very extensive collections of Coleoptera.

He purchased James Thomson's collection of G«odephaga» or at least
a considerable portion of it. He also had a large number of specimens
marked ** ex cab. Castelnau."

He purchased A. R. Wallace's collection of Malayan Cetoniadm.

His collections were sold by auction at Stevens' Rooms in March,
1877.

The Trustees purchased several lots of Cicindelid» and Carabidss,
including types of Thomson, Gu^rin, &c. Some of the Garabidse were in
the original cartons as purchased from Thomson.

The Trustees also purchased lots of Cetoniadm, including Euryomia^
With all Wallace's types, and a series of FroUetia,

Other lots were purchased by Mr. Pascoe, and these are also now in
the Museum.

Buckler (William). [1814-1884]

The collection of British Lepidoptera formed by W. Buckler, chiefly
from specimens bred when preparing the illustrations for " The Larvas of
the British Butterflies and Moths," was presented to the Museum in 1889
by Mr. Robert Newbury.

Bnrr (Malcolm).

See SoKOTBA Expedition.

Builer (Abthub Gabdineb). [1844- ]

All the types of species described in the Museum Catalogues, and in
his numerous papers, except a few in the collection of the Hon. Walter
Rothschild, in the Oxford Museum, and a few described from the
collections of M. Fenton and H. Roberts.

See Christmas Islakd.

Cameron (Fbteb).

His collection of Cynipidm and Tentkredinidm^ which was the basis
of his "Monograph of British Phytophagous Hymenoptera."
Presented by Dr. Gk)dman in 1896.

A large number of the type-specimens of Hymenoptera described by
Mr. Cameron in his various papers are in the Museimi ; mostly obtained
by purchase.

Canddze (Ebkest Chables). [1827-1898]
See Jakson.

'^ Challenger " Voyage.

The insects collected during the voyage of H.M.S. " Challenger " are
in the Museum.

Champion (Geobge Champion).

See Gk>DMAN and Salvik, and West Indies.

Chevrolat (Louis Alexakdbe Auguste). [1799-1884]
See BowBiNG, Clark, and Eebbemans.

Insecta. 583

Children (John Gbobgb). [1777-1852]

la 1816 J, G. Children was appointed an AssiBtant Keeper m the
Museum ; and in 1837, when the Zoological collections were made into a
separate Department, Children was the first Keeper. He had, however, a
private collection of Insects of all orders, and when these were sold in
1840 a largo number of specimens were purchased by the Trustee^'
Specimens Imd, moreover, been previously presented by hhn in 1839.

These are all incorporated in the general collection.

Christmas Island Expedition.

The insecto collected in 1897-98 by Dr. C. W. Andrews, and describea
in the "Monograph of Christmas Island" by A. G. Butler, Sir G. F.
Hampson, Lord Walsingham, W. F. Kirby, 0. 0. Waterhouse, C. J.
Gahan, G. Lewis and G. J. Arrow, are in the Museum, except the
Microlepidoptera, which are in Lord Walsingham's collection.

Clark {Bev, Hamlbt). [18231-1867]

In 1867 the Trustees purchased his entire collection of Hydradephaga^
consisting of about 8000 specimens, and FhfftophagOf about 56,000
specimens.

Clark purchased the collections of Lafert^ and Cheviolat, as well as
considerable numbers from the collections of James Thomson* and
others.

All these are incorporated with the general collection.

Cockerell (Theodobb Dbu Allison). [1866- ]
See West Indies.

Crowley (Philip). [1837-1901]
See p. 577.

Crotch (Geobgb Robbbt). [1841^-1874]

The series of Coleoptera collected for Dr Gk)dinan in the Azores, and
which formed the subject of a paper by G. R. Crotch in the Proceedings of
the Zoological Society for 1867, was presented to the Museum by Dr.
Godman in 1871.

It is at present kept as a separate collection.

Curtis (John). [1791-1862]

The types of the "Descriptions of the Insects collected by Capt.
P. P. King in the Survey of the Straits of Magellan." Trans. Linn. Soc.,
1837-39.

These were presented by the Linnean Society in 1863. They are at
present in a separate cabinet, but will be incorporated when circumstances
permit.

Dallas (William Swbetland). [1824-1890]

All the types described by this author in the Catalogue of Hemipterous
Insects in the British Museum.

* I am not sure that he purchased Thomson's entire oollection; he
probably divided it with Baly, but I remember seeing the oollection at his
house in its original state with the larnfe round coloured tickets.— Chas. O. W.

684 Zoology.

De Bormans (A.).

A first selection from his coUectioii of Forficulidm including the types
of species described by him. Purchased in 1900.

Dejean (Ck>MTB Pibbbb Frak90is M. Augustb. [1780-1845]
See BowBiHG (LongiocvniaX Bakbwkll (Lamellicomia), F. Bates
(Heteromera), Jansok (ElateridsB).

Denny (Hbnbt). [1803-1871]

The type specimens of Denny's ^ Monographia Anoplurorum BritannisB **
were purchased by the Trustees in 1852.

They are incorporated with the Museum collection.

Desbrochere Des Loges (Julbs).
See F. Bates.

Desvignes (Thomas). [1812 M868]

DesTignes' entire collection of 6880 British IchneumonidsB was pur-
chased by the Trustees in 1868.

It was arranged in the Museum collection of British Hymenoptera by
the late F. Smith, when many duplicates were separated.

Distant (William Lucas). [1845- ]

See GoDMAN and Salvin.

Mr. Distant was engaged by the Trustees in 1899 and following years
to arrange and name the general collection of Hemiptera, and many of his
types are in the Museum.

Doubleday (Edwabd). [1811-1849]

Numerous types described alone or in conjunction with Westwood
and Hewitson in the " Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera," and many other
works.

Douglas (John Willl^). [1814- ]

In 1904 the Trustees purchased from the widow of the late Philip B.
MasoD the whole of J. W. Douglas' collection of Coccidm, consisting
of 182 species and 1771 specimens. Also his collection of British
Homoptera, which contained 350 species and 3500 specimens.

Druce (Hebbebt).

See GoDMAN and Salvin.

Drury (Dbu).

See G. Milne.

East India Company's Maseum.

When this collection was given up in 1860 the British Museum
received by presentation about 9000 specimens of insects. The most

Insecta. 585

important part was the collection made in Java by Dr. Horsfield and
others, about 4940 specimens, many of them described by MacLeay in
^ Annulosa Javanica,'^ as well as types described by Westwood, Boheman,
Walker, Guen^ ; and by Horsfield and Moore in the Catalogues of Lepi-
doptera in the Museum of the East India Company. These were for
many years kept as a separate collection, but the specimens are now
being labelled and incorporated with the general collection.

Elwes (Henby John).

In 1901 the Trustees accepted his offer to present from his Holarctic
Collection of Butterflies all specimens required to render the Museimi
series as complete as possible, he himself to rearrange the general
collection from this region and incorporating the Hewitson, Leech, and
other collections. The rearrangement was commenced in 1902, and at
present the Satyridm and NymphcUidm have been completed, 4264
specimens from the Elwes collection haying been incorporated, including
types.

The Elwes collection includes those formed by Gr. Grumm Grshimallo
and H. Christoph.

Entomological Club.

The Entomological Club presented to the Museum the greater portion
of their collections in 1844, retaining only the British Lepidoptera and
British Diptera. There were 4959 Coleoptera, 72 Orthoptera, 76 Neurop-
tera, 732 Uymenoptera, 100 Homoptera, 160 Hemiptera, 440 Lepidoptera,
177 Diptera, 19 Aptera.

There were many type specimens described by Newman and others.
They are incorporated in the general collection.

*' EreboB " and " Terror " Voyage.

Besides the specimens from New Zealand mentioned as being in the
British Museum, many others described by Adam White from Major
Parry's and other collections are now in the Museum.

Fabricius (John Christian). [1745-1808]
/See Banks.

Fairmaire (L£on Mabo Hebminie). [1820- ]
See Eebbemanb.

Fauvel (Albebt). [1840- ]
See West Indies.

Fernando Noronha.

The insects collected by Messrs. H. N. Ridley and G. A. Ramage in
Fernando Noronha, and described in the Journal of the Linnean Society
of London, voL xx., 1888, by C. 0. Waterhouse and W. F. Kirby, are in
the Museum : presented by the Koyal Society.

686

Zoology.

Forel (AuGUSTE Hbnbi). [1848- ]
See West Iin>iK8.

Prey {Prof. Hbinbioh). [1822-1890]

Frey's entire collection of European Lepidoptera was pnrchased by the
Trustees in 1890, It consisted of about 18,000 specimens.

The specimens have been incorporated with the general collection,
except the Micro-Lepidoptera.

Fruhstorfer (H.).

The types of certain Bhopalocera described by him.

Oahan (Chables Joseph). [1862- ]

The types of numerous species of Coleoptera described by bim.

8ee Ghbibtmas Island, Gk>DMAN and Salyik, Sokotba, and West
Indies.

Oodman (Fbedebiok Du Cane). [1834- ]
See G. B. Cbotch, and West Indies.

aodman (F. D.), and Salvin (O.).

Messrs. Godman and Salvin have from time to time presented to the
Museum their extensive collections of Central American msects described
in the ** Biologia Central!- Americana.**

The groups which have at present been received are : —

COLEOPTBBA —

7,851 Geodephaga, named by H. W. Bates.

7,618 Clavioomia

„ QQiJI'ftmellioomia
'»^**\Pectinioomia
2,795 BuprestidsB
828 Euonemidie
4,842 Elateridie
95 Bbipiceridie
67 Cebrionidffi
964 DascillidsB
6,742 Malaoodermata
12,636 Heteromera,

/D. Sharp, G. Lewis, and Bey. A.
\ Matthews.

C. O. Waterhonse.
G. H. Horn, M.D.
G. C. Champion.

968 BrenthidsB

6,920 Longicorma

13,752 Phytophaga

2,585 (CassididsB)

1,404 (Hispidfe)

487 Bruchidffi
1,449 Eiotylidflo

466 Endomyobidao
2,418 Coooinellidflo

LXFIDOFrXBA —

Danainss

ItbomiaDfe (in part), named

Bey. H. S. Gorham.

G. C. Champion.

D. Sharp.

H. W. Bates and 0. J. (}ahan.

/M. Jaooby, G. C. Champion,
\ and J. S. Baly.

D. Sharp.

Bey. H. S. Gorham.

6,368

Satyridae.
.Nymphalidao (in partX

by F. D. Godmaa
O. Salvin.

and

Jnsecta.

587

) named by H. Drnoe.

Lkpzdofteba (ponHnucdy-

/ZygsBnidao \

Arctiade
Pericopid®
Sesiadffi
Satumidao
CeratooampidaB
LymantriadsB
AgaritftidiB
Limaoodidao
PerophoridsB
12,888 ( Meg^lopygidflB
DreiMuiid®
Oossidflo
Hepialidao
Bombycidflo
NotodontidiD
Noctuidie
G^metridfB
UraniadsB
Myrididao
^PyralidsB /

DiPTEBA —

17,525 BpeoimeiiB, named by Baron Osten-Saoken, Prof. S. W.

Williston, and F. M. van der Wnlp.
Orthoftkba —

Forficnlidie, named by A. de Bormans.

1.098 iKid" :: )H.de8a««me«.dL.Zelmtner.

OryllidsB „ H. de SanaBnre.

LocnatidaB „ H. de Saussure and A. Plotet.

Bhtnohota —

5,543 HemipUra:

Pentatomidao, named by W. L. Distant.

Goreidflo „ „

LygsBidffi „ „

Pyrroooridfld „ „

GapeidsB ,, „

Htmsnofteba —

iTerebrantia, named by P. Cameron.
Parasitica „ »

FoesorOH „ „

2,247 FormioidflB, named by A. Forel.

The Coleoptera from Central America described in tbe Transactions of
tbe Entomological Society, supplementary to the Biologia, are also in the
Museum. They are: —

532 CidndelidflB, named by H. W. Bates.
2,703 CarabidsB „ ^

870 CerambycidflB ^ „

787 LamiadsB ^ 0. J. Gkiban.

252 HispidsB „ O. C. Champion.

Besides the insects from Central America, Messrs. Godman and Salvin
have presented considerable portions of their Old World Rhopaloceray
numbering altogether 11,461 specimens ; belonging to the Danainas,
SatyrinsB (part), ElymniaosB, AcrsBinse, NymphalinsB (part), Pierinsd and
PapilioninsB (pcurt).

588 Zoology.

Gorham (Bee, Hbnby Stephen).

See GoDMAH and Salvin, and West Indies.

The Rev. H. S. Gorbam*8 collection of Endomyckidm was for a time
in the possession of Mr. G. Lewis, who added to it those collected by
H. W. Bates, including the types of his monograph of the genus Cory'
nomaius.

The whole of this collection was purchased by the Trustees in 1891»
and has been incorporated with the general collection.

Grant (William Robert Ogilvie). [1863- ]
See SoKOTBA.

Gray (George Robert). [1808-1872]

The types of Lepidoptera described by him in his Catalogue of
Papilionidm^ and in his papers ; also many of the insects described in
Griffiths' edition of Cuviers •* Animal Kingdom."

Grimshaw (Pebcy H.).

See HAWAnAN Islands.

Grote (Augustus Radoliffe).

Grote*s collection of North American Lepidoptera, consisting of 6,054
specimens, was purchased for the Museum in 1881 and 1882.

Grote*s collection contained the types of some species described by
Dr. Morrison and by H. Edwards.

The specimens, except the Micro-Lepidoptera, are all incorporated
with the general collection.

Grouvelle (A,).

See West Indies.

Guenee (Achille). [1809-1880]

Besides the types of species described in his works as being in the
Museum collection, there are others received from the East India Museum,
and some species were based on Abbot's figures.

Hagen (Dr. Hbbman August). [1817-1893]

The TermitidsB collected on the Amazons by H. W. Bates, which
were the subject of notes by Dr. Hagen in Linnsda Entomologica,
vol. zii., p. 270, &c., were purchased for the Museum in 1865.

They are at present kept in a separate drawer.

Hampson {Sir George Francis). [1860- ]

The types of Butterflies described by Sir G. F. Hampson from
Nilgiris, as well as Butterflies and Moths from East Africa, and many of
the types described in the " Fauna of British India " and supplementary
papers in the Transactions of the Bombay Society; also those in his
papers on the classiflcation of Fyralidx, and of Fhydiinm and Oaflerianm
in the Komanofif M^moires, voL viii., are iu the Maseuni, besides the
species described in Museum Catalogues and other papers, except such as
are in the Collections of Hon. W. Rothschild, H. J. Elwes, Herbert Droce^
and the late Dr. 0. Staudinger.

See Christmas Island, Sokotba, and West Indies.

Insecta. 589

Hardwicke {Major-Oeneral Thomas).

The Hardwicke Bequest was received in 1835. There was a consider-
able number of Insects of all orders, also of drawings, chiefly from Nepaol.
but many from other parts of the world. Some of the species labelled
Nepaul have since been found to have been so marked in error.

The specimens are incorporated with the general collection.

See Rkv. F. W. Hop».

Hawaiian Islands.

The insects collected in the Hawaiian Islands at the instance of the
Joint Committee of the Royal Society and British Association.

The following groups, described in the "Fauna Hawaiiensis,** have
been received : —

Htmemoftera, named by R. G. L. Perkins.

DiFTERA „ P. H. Grimshaw and P. Speiser.

Maoeo-LbpiO KMeyrick.

DOFTERA / " *i. «iojr*io^

Neubofteba „ R. C. L. Perkins.

Obthofteba „ „

GOLEOPTEBA—

Cioidfld, named by R. C. L. Perkins.
Hateromera „ ,»

Rhynchophora „ „

LoDg^ooroia „ D. Sharp.
Phytophaga „

Hemifteba „ O. W. Kirkaldy.

Haworth (Adrian Hardy). [1767-1833]

A large proportion of the species described in " Lepidoptera Britannica,*^
1803, chiefly NoctuidsB, GkometridsB, and Microlepidoptera, about 125
species, are in the Museum. They are at present kept in a separate
drawer. They bear Haworth's original trapezoidal-shaped labels, and the
small square blue tickets with which his British Insects were marked.

There are also in the Museum a few of his Goleoptera received with
Elrby's collection. Among them are the specimens of CoccineUa which
were the subject of his monograph in the Trans. Ent. Soa, 1807, p. 257.

These are at present in a separate drawer.

See J. P. Stephens.

Heron (Francis Arthur). [1864- ]
The types of a few Bhopalocera described by him.

Hewitson (William Chapman). [1806-1878]

His entire collection of Lepidoptera Bhopalocera, consisting of 24,600
specimens. This included most of the types described by A. B. Wallace.

This collection was received in 1879. It was bequeathed to the
Trustees on condition that it was kept intact as a separate collection
for a period of twenty- one years ; and his Will expresses a wish that it
should remain undisturbed for a further period of twenty-one years.

This collection is for the most part still in the original cabinets, but is
now being incorporated with the general collection.

590 Zooloffy.

Hope (Bev. Fbkdebic Williax). [1797-1862]

The fpecks dia^Doaed in the ^ Synopss of the new ^edet of Nmuil
loiectf in the collection of Miyor-Oeoomi HardvidLe,^ in Gimy's Zoo-
logkd MijceUanT, 1831.

These formed pMt« of the Hirdwickebeqnert to tbeMaieinn. They
hsre heen incorporated with the general collection.

Horn (Chablbs), and Smith (F.).

The netto of H jmenopteia figured and the spedee deacribed by these
anthon in the Tranaactiona of Uie Zoological Sodety, vd. vii, j^ 161-
196.

Horn (Gboboe Hshbt). [1840-1897]

Bee GoDMAV and Salydt.

Dr. Horn viaited England on two or three occasions, and speot much
time in examining the N. American Goleoptera, and named a oooaiderable
number of spedes. He particularly named ^1 the specimens of LachF-
no$tema from specimens he had with him, which had been the subject of
his monograph.

Horefield, H.D. (Thomas). [1773-1859]
See East India Museum.

Howard (Lelaitd O.).
See West l!n>i£ii>.

Jacoby (Mabtin).

See Qodman and Salvin, and West Indies.

Janson (Edwabd Wbslet). [1822-1891]

llie entire collection of Elateridm formed by E. W. Janson was
presented in June, 1903, by Dr. F. D. Godmau. It consists of 25,000
specimens, of which at least 1000 are original types. Janson purchased
tne collection of this family made by M. Caod^ze, and which was the
basis of his Monograph. He also bought a second collection formed by
Canddze, and he possessed (according to a note found among his papers)
the collections of Latreille, Dejean, Buquet, Beiche, Lafert^ Gory, Parry,
A. Deyrolle, Schaum (part), Bakewell (including Curtis), W. W. Saunders,
Mniszech, E. Brown, A. Murray, H. Clark, and Atkinson. He also had
large series of specimens collected by Wallace, Bates, Buckley, &c.

Jekel (Henbi). [1816-1891]
See BowBiNO.

2aye (William James).

The types of Lepidoptera described in his paper on the Moths of
Trinidad.

Kerremans (Chableb).

His entire collection of Bupreatidm, numbering 10,000 specimens,
3377 species, of which over 1700 are type-specimens. Purchased in
1903.

Insecta* 591

In 1885, Capitaine Eerremans became possessed of Chevrolat^s collection,
and in 1894 obtained Fairmaire's collection of exotic species. A large
number of the types of these two authors are therefore now in the
Museum.

Kirby {Bev. William). [1759-1850]

Most of the specimens which were the subjects of the following
memoirs are in the Museum.

'* A Century of Insects.** I'rans. Linn. Soc., xiL 1818.

About sixty of these species were presented by the Entomological
Society in 1863. They are at present in a separate drawer, but will be
incorporated when circumstances permit.

" New species of Insects collected in New Holland by Robert Brown,
Esq." Trans. Linn. Soc., xii. 1818.

Some of these at least are in the Museum.

llie Coleoptera described in Richardson's " Fauna Boreali-Americana.**
Vol. ui. 1837.

These are incorporated in the general collection.

Eibby's Bbitish Coleopteba.

Portions of his collection of British Coleoptera are in the Museum,
containing the HydradephaKa, Clavicomia, Brachelytra, Lamellicornia,
Serricomia, Malacodermata, Rhynchophora and Phytophaga.

These are kept in a separate cabinet. The most important part
contains the specimens of Apion which were the subject of his monograph
in vols. ix. and x. of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, 1808-11.

EiBBY*8 Bbitish Bbeb.

The Bees which were the subject of Eirby*s " Monographia Apum
Anglias," 1802, are in the Museum. They are kept in separate drawers.

Kirby (William Fobsbll). [1844- ]

The types of most of the species described by this author, except a
few Lepidoptera in the Dublin Museum, in the collection of Mr. H.
Grose Smith, and some Orthoptera and Neuroptera in Mr. Distant's
collection.

See Chbibtmas Island, and Febnando Nobokha.

Kirkaldy (Geobge Willis).

See Hawahan Islands, and Sokotba.

Lacordaire (Jean Theodora). [1801-1870]
See F. Bates.

Laferte (P. De).

See Bakewell, F. Bates, and Clabk.

Leach, M.D. (William Elpord). [1790-1836]

Dr. Leach's collection was presented to the Trustees in 1826. It is
incorporated with the general collection.

592 Zoology.

Leech (John Hbkbt). [1862-1900]

XiEPIDOFTXRA—

A selection from Mr. J. H. Leech's collection of Palaearctic Moths
(except the European), consisting of some 10,000 or 12,000 specimens,
was pm*chased b^ the Trustees in 1900. They are all incorporated.

The rest of his collection, consisting of the whole of his Butterflies and
his European Moths, was presented by his mother, Mrs. N. Leech, in 1901.
In it are included the collections formed by M. Sand (France), Dohlmann
(Denmark), Mutzell (Berlin), and G. D'Emmick (Buda-Pesth).

Lewis (Geobge).

See Ghbistmas Island, GK)dman and Saltin, and West Indies.

Lord (John Keast).

Insects from Vancouver I. and British Columbia.
Bee F. Walkeb.
Marshall {Bev. Thomas Ansell). [1827-1903]

In 1904 the Trustees purchased from the widow of the late Philip B.
Mason the Bev. T. A. Marshall's collections of Tenihredintdm, Ichneumo-
nidm^ Braconidm and Chalcididm, consisting of 6984 specimens — the
most valuable series being the Braconidm^ monographed in the Transactions
of the Entomological Society of London between the years 1885 and 1895.

In December, 1868, the collections which Marshall then had were
lost through the foundering of the vessel which was conveying them
from Milford to Barnstaple.

Marsham (Thomas). [ -1819]
See J. F. Stephens.

Mason (Philip Brookes). [1842-1903]
See Douglas, Mabshall, and Matthews.

Matthews {Bev. Andrew). [1815-1897]

In 1904 the Trustees purchased from the widow of the late Philip B.
Mason the whole of the Rev. A. Matthews* collection of Trkhopteryffidmj
consisting of 355 species, 1890 specimens, of which 127 were types ; his
collection of Corylophidm, consisting of 153 species, 727 specimens, of
which 85 were types ; also his specimens of Amphizoa, Soaphidiidm and
SUphidm.

See GrODMAN and Salvin, and West Indieb.

McLachlan (Robert). [1839-1904]

Some types of Neuroptera descrihcd, during his rearrangement of the
MyrmeleonidsB, in the Joum. Linn. Soc.
See Sokotba.

Meyrick (Edward).

The types of species of Moths described by him in his papers on the

collections made by Mr. Doherty in the Malayan subregion in the

Transactions of the Entomological Society for 1894 and 1897, as being in

Mr. £lwe8*s collectioD, have been presented to the Museum by Mr. Elwes.

See Hawaiian Islands, and Dr. G. H. Raynob.

Insect a. 593

Milne (G.).

Milne*8 collection was sold in 1839. Some iwrtioiis, chiefly Coleoptera
and Lepidoptcra, about 1749 specimens, were purchased by the Trustees.
Among them certain type sjicimens of Lepidoptera from Drury's col-
lection have been recoguiscd.

Montandon (A. L.).

His collection of Hemiptera of the family PJataspinm, and a first
selection of the families Anthocorida, BelostomatidsB and Capsidx.

Moore (Frederic).

Dr. Moore's collection of Indian Lepidoptera has been purchased by
the Trustees in separate portions. The whole of the Heterocera are in the
Museum and are incorporated with the general collection. Of the Rhopa-
locera, the Erycinidm and Fapilionidas, Satyridm, Nymphalidm^ are in
the Museum, and for the most part incorporated.

The types described as in the Ck)llcction of \V. S. Atkinson are in the
late Dr. Staudinger's collection ; those described in the Yarkand Expedition
are in the Calcutta Museum ; those described in the Ck>llection of A. E.
llussell are lost, and some ty][)cs are in the Oxford Museum.

Murray (Andrew). [1812-1878]

In 1868 the Museum obtained by purchase the collection of 1,062
specimens of Nitidulida formcil by A. Murray.

The collection was named throughout, but only the early portion was
monographed in the Transactions of the Linnean Society in 1864.

The specimens are incorporated in the general collection.

In 1878 the Trustees purchased from Janson portions of Murray's
other collections, viz. : —

His Old Calabar collection from Cicindela to the Longicomia, omitting
the Elateridae, which Janson retained.

His collection of Catops which had been the subject of a monograph.

Also type specimens of certain species described from Cordova.

All these are incorporated in the general collection.

Newman (Edward). [1801-1876]

The type specimens of a considerable proportion of the species of
Coleoptera described by Newman from Australia, N. America, the
Philippine Islands and other localities are in the Museum. They were
chiefly presented by the Entomological Club; Ijut many others were
obtained by purchase. There are also a few Lepidoptera. The specimens
are incorporated with the general collection.

NorriB (T.).

Norris' collection was sold by auction ia IbTo. More than seven
hundred specimens, with numerous types described by F. Walker, were
purchased by the Trustees; many others passed into Mr. F. Moore's
collection, and these are also now hi the Museum.

Olivier (Guillaume Antoine). [1756-1814]

Besides the species mentioned by this author as being in the Banksian
collection, a few Bupreatidx, which were in Capitaine Kerremans' collec-
tion from Chevrolat, are now in the Museum.

VOL. 11. 2 Q

594 Zoology.

VdkTTj {Major Frederick John Sidney). [1811-1885]

When Major Parry *s collection was broken up and sold, certain portions

were purchased by the Trustees, including 60 type specimens of Lucanidas,*

some CetODiadss, and Cleridas.

Major Parry was a frequent visitor to the Museum, and the Museum

collection of Lucanidte was to a great extent named with his assistance.
See F. Bates and Bowrino.

Paacoe (Francis Polkinghorne). [1813-1893]

Pascoe's entire collection of Coleoptera was purchased in 1893. The
arranged portion of the collection contained 33,700 specimens, of which
3,191 were types of his species. Besides these there were numbers of
specimens which were regarded as duplicates or were unexamined, bringing
the total number of specimoDS up to 48,500.

In its original state the collection was remarkable for the small space
it occupied. The cabinet drawers were small and shallow, and sliort pins
and very small labels were used. Pascoe seldom kept more tban two
specimens of a species, and was generally satisfied with one; many of the
specimens regarded by him as duplicates were therefore wanted for the
Museum collection. If a species varied in size he always chose the
smallest, and rarely put an imperfect specimen into his cabinet.

Perkins (Robert C. L.).
tke Hawauan Islands.

Petiver (James). [1659-1718].

Petiver's collection of insects is contained in two folio volumes, x\w
specimens being flattened on pieces of card and covered with talc Some
other specimens are mounted in glass frames of various sizes. The
specimens arc mostly in bad condition. The chief interest of the collection
lies in its age (one of the Libelluim being dated August 1700) and in the
fact that some of tbe si^ecimens are figured in the collector's works. It
formed part of the original British Museum, having been purchased by
Sir Hans Sloane.

Power (John Arthur). [1810-1886]

His entire collections of British Coleoptera and Heniiptora. Purchased
in 1896.

As Dr. Power often kept unnecessarily large series of specimens, only
a selection was made for incoriwration, care being taken to secure
individuals from all localities. All the 8i)ecimen8 were originally
mounted in rows on long striiw of card, which made a careful examination
very difticult. Those which were iuooriHjrated in the British Collection
were therefore all re-iiiounted. Many others were incoriwrated in the
general collection.

Pryer (W. B.).

TyiKJs of Lepidoptera fruni China.

Raynor {Dr. G. H.).

In 1899 the Trustees purchased 2400 specimens of Lepidoptera from
New South Wales from Dr. Kaynor's collection. They were chiefly
named by Mr. Meyrick and contained some of his types.

* Most of the other LucanidcB were purcha8e«l by M. B. Oberthur.

Insecta. 595

Reiche (L.).

See Bakewell.

Ricardo (Miss).

See SoKOTBA.

Rosenstock (H.).

The types of Lepidoptera described fruiu Australia.

Rothschild (Hon. Waltkr).

Some types of Sphingidm described in his Monograph.

Salvin (Osbebt). [1835-1898]
See GoDHAN and Salvin.

Saunders (Edward).

Mr. Edward Saunders' collection of Buprestida; was puixihased by the
Trustees in 1874. It consisted of 7,267 specimens, 2,974 species, of
which 364 were original types. Mr. Saunders visited many of the
Continental museums, and sptu^d no pains in seeking out ori^nal type
specimens, with which he compared his own. These specimens arc
marked ** compared with type."

The specimens are incorporated with the Museum collection, but all
bear a ticket with his name.

Saunders {Sir Sydney Smith). [1809-1884]

The collection of fig insects formed by Sir S. Saunders, and which was
the basis of meniuirM by himself and Prof. Westwoo<] in the Transactions of
the Entomological Society, was purchased by the Trustees in 1884.

Saunders (William Wilson). [1809-1879]

In 1865 W. VV. Saunders presented to the Trustees his entire collection
of Uemiptera, 3,207 specimens. It was particularly valuable on account
of the large series of specimens collected by A. 1*. Wallace and H. W. Bates.

In 1868 he also presented his collections of Neuroptera, 2,000
specimens, and Diptera, 5,000 specimens, containin*; a considerable
number of types described by F. Walker, including the series of species
collected by Wallace in the Malay Archipelago,* and described in the
Journal of the Linnean Society, vols. 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 ; and those collected
by Bates on the Amazons and described in the Transactions of the
Entomological Society, «&c.

The specimens are incorporated with the general collection, but bear a
ticket with his name.

In 1894 the Tineidiu of the Saunders collection including many ty()e8
described by F. Walker were acquired by purchase.

Sharp (David). [1840- ]

See GrODHAN and Salvin, and Hawaiian Islands.

Sharpe (Miss Emily Maky).

The tyi^es of Lepidoptera described in the collections made by J. L.
Bonhote in the Bahamas, Dr. C. Christy in Nigeria, and E. S. Grogan in
Central Africa.

♦ A few of the types from this collection found their way into that of the
Bev. F. W. Hope, and are now in the Oxford Museum.

2 Q 2

596 Zoology.

Smith (Frederick). [1805-1879]

The Museum jmrchased a first selection from F. Smith's collection of
exotic Hymenoptera, including all his types, and types of certain species
described by Saussure.

This series is incorporated in the general collection.

The remaining ]X)rtion of his collection passed into the possession of
the Rev. Farren White, and was subsequently, in 1899, presented to the
Museum by Mrs. Farren White.

/See Horn.

Sokotra Expedition.

Insects collected during the Exjiedition to Sokotra under Dr. 11. O.
Forbes and Mr. W. K. Ogilvie Grant, including the tyj^es dencribed by the
following entomologists : —

Hymknoptera, nameil by W. F. Kirby.

DiPTEBA „ Miss Rioardo.

LEPiDOPrEBA * „ W. R. Ogilyie Grant and Sir G. F. Hampsou.

Neuboitera „ R. McLachlan and W. F. Kirby.

Orthoftbba m M. Burr.

Hemifteba „ G. W. Kirkaldy.

CoLEOPTERA „ 0. J. Ghihau.

These were presented by the Royal Society, and described in the
Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums, 1899-1900.

South (Richard). [1848- ]

Types of many of the Pyralidx described from China in the collection
of J. H. Leech.

Speiser (P.).

S('v. Hawauak Islands.

Stainton (Hknry Tibbats). [1822-1892]

Stainton 8 entire collections, consisting of 27,300 specimens, were
presented by his widow in 1893.

With the exception of a few miscellaneous specimens, which have
been incorporated, the specimens remain in the cabinets as they were
received.

His entomological letters, and a collection of water-colour drawings
of Lepidoptera and their larvas, are also in the Museum.

Stephens (James Francis). [1792-1852J

His entire British collections were purchased in 1853 from Mrs.
Stephens. It contained about 90,000 si)ecimens. Stephens, in his
" Manual of British Coleoptera," gives an account oi his collection. He
states that it contains " the original specimens described in the ' Golooptera
Britannica ' of Marsham.*' It is diflicult in some cases to identify these
tyjHJS, but most of Marsham's specimens have a very small, roundi, white
ticket attached to them. According to an old sale catalogue now in the
Museum, Marsham's collection was sold by auction at 38, King Street,

* The Micro-Lepidoptera arc in the collection of the Bt Hon. Lord
Walsingham and were deBcribed by him.

Insect cu 597

Covent Garden, on July 7th, 1820. It seems, however, extremely
probable that this sale was made after Stephens had selected from it what
he required, as there is in the Museum a manuscript list in Stephens'
handwriting lieaded, "List of Insects taken from Marsham's Cabinet,"
with the prices paid for the specimens.

Stephens also states (Man. Brit. Coleopt., p. iv.) that his collection
includcxl the greater portion of the species "subsequently named or
monographed by Kirby, Leach, etc., as well as all tne obscure species
described by Haworth in * Lepidoptera Britannica.* " The meaning of this
sentence is a little uncertain, but it probably means that his collection
contained the species (but not necessarily the original specimens) of these
authors, for the bulk of their tyi)e8 came to the Museum from quite
another source. {See Haworth.)

His British Coleoptera are kept as a separate collection as Stephens
arranged them. The Macrolepidoptera were re-arranged by Dr. Butler,
but although the length of the series was in many cases reduced, all the
original labels and nomenclature have been preserved.

The Microlepidoptera were arranged and catalogued by the late
H. T. Stainton in 1854, but arc now being incorporated in the British
collection of Lepidoptera.

The Diptera and Rhynchota are kept as a separate collection. The
Orthoptera and Neuroptera have l)een re-arranged, but the original labels
are preserved.

Throughout these collections, whenever Stephens' specimens have been
mixed with others, they are distinguished by small oval tickets ; specimens
from other sources have round tickets with the register number.

Swinhoe {Colonel Charles).

Nearly all the type specimens of Lepidoptera described by Colonel
Swinhoe have been acquired by the Trustees, either by presentation or
jmrchase, except those described in his volumes on the collections of the
Oxford Museum.

Tatum (T.).

See BowiiiNG.

Theobald (Frederick Vincent).

The specimens and tyi)e8 described in the " Monograj)!! of CuJicidr,"

Thomson (James), [fl. 1854-1888]
See Edwin Brown, H. Clark.

Uhler (P. R.).

See West Indies.

Vigors (Nicholas Aylward). [1785-1840]

Vigors' collection was at one time in the Zoological Society's Musenm.
When this was broken up in 1859, a selection was made of all that was
desirable for the Museum.

Vigors had purchased S. Wilkin's collection of British Coleoptera, and
l)ortions of this were transferred to the Museum intact; it contained
original type specimens of a few 8[)ecies.

Vigors' specimens are incorporated in the general collection; those
from Wilkin's collection are at present kept in separate drawers.

598 Zoology.

Walker (Francis). [1809-1874]

Besides the spedmens described by this author in the Mnseum Cata-
logues, there are in the Museum : —

(1.) The Ceylonese Coleoptera diagnosed by him in the Annals and
Mag. Nat. Hist., II., 1858, pp. 202, 280; III., 1859, pp. 50. 258; IV.,
1859, pp. 217-220. Orthoptera in IV., 1859, p. 220 ; Hymenoptera in
IV., 1859, p. 370; V., 1860, p. 304 ; VI., 1860, p. 357.

The majority )f these are at present in a separate drawer, but some
have been already incorporatc^d in the general collection.

(2^) The insects from British Columbia collected by J. K. Lord during
the Boundary Commission. They are chiefly Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera
and Coleoptera. They were enumerated and the new species descril^ in
J. K. Lord's "The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia,"
1866.

The specimens are incorporated in the general collection.

(3.) The Diptera described in " Insecta Britannica," Diptera, vol. III.,
Culicidae, &c.

These specimens are for the present kept together in a separate
drawer.

(4.) Walker presented to the Museum from time to time specimens of
Chalcidida described by him. 'JTiey are incorporated in the general
collection.

The type specimens of Moths described by Walker in Parts 27 to 30
and the corresponding Supplement of the Museum Catalogue as being in
the collection of W. W. Saunders, were purchased by the Museum in 1894.
Also the types of the species from Congo described in Dr. Chapman's
paper on the Insects of Congo (Proc. N. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, i., p. 325,
1869), purchased in 1887.

The other tyjies of Lepidoptera described as being in the Saunders*
Collection are in the Oxford Museum, as also are most of those described
in Fry's CoUeciion ; the types of Birchall Collection from Bogota are with
Mr. H. Druce; some of the types from Canada arc at Ontario, Canada;
some from Bengal are in the Devon and Exeter Museum, and some from
Australia are at Melbourne.

The types from Ceylon described in F. L Layard's Collection are lost,
also those from South Africa described as in D'Urban's Collection and
those from the Red Sea in J. K. Lord's Collection.

See also W. W. Saunders, and T. Norris.

Wallace (Alfred Russell). [1823- ]
See Edivin Brown, and W. C. Hewitson.

WalBlngham {L<miy [1843- ]

The types of Tineida9, &c., described by Lord Walsingham in Moore's
" Lepidoptera of Ceylon," are in the Museum ; also the tyi>es of N. American
TortricidfP described in 111. Het. B.M. Pt. IV.

See Christmas Island, Sokotra, and West Indies.

Walton (John). [1784-1862]

In 1859 Walton presented to the Museum a number of rare and also
several (then) unique specimens of British Curculionidie ; and in 1863,

Insecta, 599

when his collection was sold, as complete a set as possible was purchased
of the specimens which had been the subject of his papers " ()n the
British Insects of the family Curculionidas ^ published in the Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist., 1844, &c.

These specimens are incorporated in the collection of British
Goleoptera.

Walton, when engaged in writing the papers above refeired to, put
himself in commimication with Germar, Schonherr and Chevrolat, and
received numerous specimens from them. Unfortunately he did not
indicate from whom the various sx)ecimens were received. A considerable
number of these were purchased by the Trustees in 1863. They are kept
in two sei^rate drawers with the original labels.

Warren (William).

The types described in his ijai)ers on Lepidoptera from the Punjab
and Brazil and also those described during liis rearrangement of the
families Thyridida and Pyralidx are in the Museum.

Waterhouse (Charles Owen). [1843- ]

The types of all the species described by him in his numerous papers.

See Christmas Island, Fernando Noronha, and Godman and
Salvin.

Waterhouse (George Robert). [181Q-1888]

All the tyj»e specimens that were in his collection of Goleoptera before
it was broken up were presented to the Museum by G. R. Waterhouse
in 1875.

Watson (Edward Yerbury). [ -1897]

Numerous ty|)es of ffesperiadx, and of Oriental Rhopalocera.

West Indies.

The collections made in the West Indies, chiefly in Grenada and
St. Vincent, at the instance of the Committee of the British Association.
Presented by the British Association.

Hymenoptera —

Parasitioa. named by W. H. Ashmead. Proc. ZooL See. 189G.
ChalcididsD „ L. O. Howard. J. Linn. Soc.

FormicidiB „ A. Forel. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1897.

Acule&ta „ W. H. Ashmead. Tr Ent. Soa 1900.

DiPTERA, named by S. W. Williston. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1896.

Dolichopida> and Phoridro, named by J. W. Aldrich. Tr. Ent.
Soc. 1890.
Lepidoitera —

Itliopftlocem, nnra(»<l by F. D. Godmon and O. Salvin. Proc.

Zool. Soc. 1896.
Heterocern „ G. F. Hampson. Ann. Mag. Nat Hist .

1895. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1898.
[Tineina* „ Lord Walsingham. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1897.]

* These are in Lord Walsiugham's collection.

600 Zoology.

COLBOPTEBA —

Pselaphidic, named by A. Raffray.
( 'lavicornia .. A. Grouvello.

Histeridio „ G. Lewis.

'SSTgidJ • ««v. A. Matthew..

Copridie \

Aphodiidie I

Trogidas \ „ G. J. Arrow.

Hybofloridfe |

OrphnidaB I

Melolonthido! |

Butelida> > „ G. J. Arrow.

Dynastidie )

Buprestidro „ C. O. Waterboiiao.

Dascillidffi/ - G.C.(hampion.

Malaeodermata ,. ]{ev. H. S. Gorliam.

Heteromera „ G. ( '. Champion.

LoNOiooRMiA „ C. J. Gahan.

Phttophaga (except Hispida) and Cassidre). named by M. Jacoby.

^idWiB } "^"'^'^ by G. (\ Champion.
l^^^. } .' Rev.H.8.(^,orham.

The Brachelytra have been iiaDicd by M. A. Faiivel, but the new
.«lK?cieR are not yet described.

R HYNOHOTA

Homoptera, named by P. R. Uhler. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893-5.
CoccidfiB ., T. D. A. Cockerell. J. Trinid. Club 189C.

Orthoptera ,, C. Brnnner von Wattenwyl and J. Bed-

tenbaoher. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892-:{.
Xeuroptera „ W. F. Kirby. A. M. X. H. 1894.

Westwood (John Obadiah). [1805-1893]

Alone, or in conjunction with E. Doubleday and W. C. Hewitson,
numerous X.y\)e% of Lepidoptera described in the "Genera of Diurnal
Lepidoptera," '* Arcana Entomologica," &c.
Hee Beagle.

White (Adam). [1817-1879]

The types of nearly all the species described by this author arc in the
Museum.

/Sre " Erebus '' and " Terror.''

Wilkin (S.).

5ec Vigors.
Williston (Samuel Wendall).

Stt West Indies.

WoUaston (Thomas Vernon). [1822-1878]

The Museum acquired the following collections : —

Tlie Coleoptcra from the Canary Islands.

Insects of all orders from Madeira, including the specimens de8cril)ed
by Stainton in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, 1859, iii., p. 209.

Insecta. 601

The Coleoptera from the Cape Verde Islands ; with which are insecta
of other orders but which are unnameii.

Insects of all orders from St. Helena, including the Lepidoptera
described by Mrs. Wollaston in the Ann. and Ma£j. Nat. Hist., 1879, iii.,

Tliese collections are ko])t in sejwirate cabinets.

Wood-Mason (Jamkb). [184G-1S93]
Tyi>es of Lejridoptera from Tcnasseriui.

Zeller (Piiilipp Ciiristoph). [1808-1883]

Zeller's collection of Lepidoptera, consisting of 31,000 specimens,
was secured for the Museum in 1883-84. The Ptero])horida3 and TineidsB
were not included.* It consisted chiefly of European sjiecies, but there
were many exotic specimens, including some types.

The tyjies from Syria descril^ed as being in Canon Tristram's collection
are also in the Museum.

The sjxicimens are incorporated with the general collection.
* Those arc in the i)osscssion of Ix>rd Walsingbam.

IE

Tabulation op the Orders and Families op Insecta with
Dates of Arrangement op British Museum Collection.

By Sir GEORGE HAMPSON, Bart.

APHANIPTERA.

Of this Order there are in the Museum 18 named species ; 200 specimens,
of which 122 are unidentified.

DIPTERA.

Of this Order there are in the Museum 7377 named species ;
4G,900 specimens, of which 15,000 are unidentified.

004

Zoology.

APHAXirTEHA.

Sab-Olden and FAmilics.

Puh'rid/e

Arranged by

F. Smith 1875

DIPTERA.

Orthorapha.

Xkmatocera—

CeridamyidiB . .

F. Walker

1848

F.

Smith

(?) 1S5C

MycetophUidx . .

M

1848

Btbionidm . . .

«.

1848

..

Simulidm . . .

.,

1848

.. 1

ChiroTumid/e . .

»

1848

..

OiyhnepWvlw . .

1848

"

..

Piychodidm . .

"

1848

••

•

Ctdiddx . . .

..

1848

F. V. Theobald, 1900-.S

Dixidm . . .

.,

1848

• •

..

Ptyehoptertdx . .

«»

1848

Limnobidx .

♦ «

1848

..

TiptaidsB . . .

«,

1848

..

lihyphidie . . .

»»

1848

..

BnACHTOEBA—

1

Stratiomyido'. . .

F. Walker

1848

F.

Walker

1854

Raphiocerinm^ And '
certaio other g^eia, '
E.E.AuBteii, 1896-7

TalKinidiv . . .

»»

1848

1854

Pangoninm^
HiK Ricaido, 1900-4

I^tidx . . .

-

1848

••

..

Irifieeta, fi05

Al'HAMPTKRA.

I
Naof I
Drawers, Unincorporatetl Material. Ucmarlu, &c.

Jan 1906. I

I The uamed Hpociea are mainly BritLsli, and arc about 1 4 in number. There
, are also a few specimcus uf SarcopsyUa penetrans. L. ; ** the jigger,'' from
Braul and X^asaland, in spirit; and 60 or 70 unnamed specimens from
I various localities, carded.

DIFrEltA.

1 I
u

The family consists of 1 genus, 2 species, represented by 1 specimen of
Orphnephila tedaceay Ruthe.

A

H2 Accessions — 5^ drawers, 12 small boxe:;, and some glass tubes.

Imall part

>'

2i

5 '■

imall part |

8i

U

606

Zooloyy.

DIP TER A— oon/intK^d.

SulM>rdorH ami Families.

Chitvmyzidx
CijeiMmyidai
ActuUhomeridw
Asilidai .

Midaidw
Nemettrinidx
Bombfjlidas .

Ttierevidas .

Scenopinidte

Cijrtidtt, .

Empidx

/ iolichoiHHlidx

LoucJiopterida'

riatypezidx

Vipuncnlidx

Cyulorrhapha.

Proboscidea —
iSijrphidic .

CanopidiK .

(EtlridK . .

Mtuicidx
AtUhomyidm .

Arranged by

F. Walker 184S
1818

1848 , F. Smith 1874-5
1S48 F. Walker

1848 ;

1849 F. Smith
184!)

1854-5 . Various Hmall gvuoni,
E.K. Austen, 1890-1901

1854 j Col. Yerbury, 1898

1874-5 ! ..

1848

1840

1849

1849 I

1849

1849

1849

1849

F. Walker 1849

F. Smith 1874-5

F. Walker

1854

F. Smith 1874-5

F. Smith 1874-5

1849 i

I

1849

1849
1849

F. Smith

1874-5
1874-5

Genu^ BambyliuB,
Col. Yerbury, 1901

Syrphiux,
K. K. Austen, 1891-S

Col. Yerbury, ltK)l

E. E. Austcm, 1895

(EftrifUB,

[ E. £. Austen, 1901 \

The major portion,
E.E. Austen, 1908-4

Insecta.

DIPTKRA— cofU/rtued.

No. of
Drawen,
r«n. 1905.

mall part

1 I
'' 1

2 'I
1

mall part

Unincorpomted MAlerial. RemArks, &c.

Names of modern gunora iuserted by Cul. Ycrbury, 1896

A nuiuber of speoioit idoDtificd by Dr. B. WandoUeck, 1891).

78
2*

608

Zoology,

mVTTuKK— continued.

8alM>Tden and Families

Arranged bj

Cordyluridx . .

F. Walker 184I»

..

Phyoodromidx . .

1849

••

Helomyzida . .

1849

F. Smith 1874-5

Sciomytidx . .

1849

1874-5

A few small genera,
£.E. Austen, 1890-1901

FtUidie. . . .

1849

1874-5

E. E. Austen, 1899

Micropezidx . .

1849

1874 5

..

Ortalidx . . .

1849

1874-5

Various genem.
K. K. Austen, 1898

Trypelida . . .

1849

1874-5

Various genera.
' K. E. Austen, 1899

jMnckmidx . . •

1849

1874-5

..

SapromyzidK .

1849

1874-5

Celyphidse . . .

1849

1874-5

.. 1

Opomyzidx . . .

1849

1874-5

1

Sepnihe, . . .

1849

1874-5

..

riophilidx . . .

1849

1874 5

..

IHoimda' .

1849

1874^

Kphydridx . . .

1849

1874-5

1

(iiomyzidx .

1849

1874-5

..

hwgophilidiv. .

1849

1874-5

Ste4jana,
E. K. Austen, 1898-9

^ ldori>pUiv .

1S4U

1874-5

..

MiJichidx .

IS4t»

1874-5

Ayromijzidx

1849

1S74-5

rhytomyzidic . .

1849

1874-5

i

J«/Mici« . . .

1849

1874-5

..

Insectcu

DIPTERA— «m<tna«l.

No. of I
Drawers,
Jan. 1905. I

Unincorporated Material. KemarkB, Ac.

i

Si>ecie8 of Opomyza detennined by Herr Casemy, 1901.

1
4

A

1

A

i

mall part

i

mall pait

i

A i
mall part Family consists of genus Astia, 3 species in B.*M.

. II.

I

A single specimen of Milichia gpeeiosa. Wig.

2 R

filO

Zoology,

DIPTERA— (xm(tnu«d.

Snb-orden and FftiniliM.

Amnged by

PROBO0CIDEA — contd. '
Borboridm . . . F. Walker 1K49 F. Smith 1874-5

Phoridm .

EPR0B06CIDEA—

Hippcboteidm .
Brauiidm .
NycterHndm
Strdtlidm . .

HrITISB DiPTEllA

I

1849

1874-5

F.Walker 1840 > E. E. Austen 11»03

1849 I C.O.WaterhouBc „ 190:^

1849 i Adam White 1856 „ 1903

1849 C. O. Waterhouse

I

1840 E. E. Austen
(32 drawers) I 1890-1902

nm

Insecta,

611

DIPTEBA— cofUtnueci.

No. of I
Drawers, |
Jan. 1905.

Unincorporated Material. Remarks, he.

Genus Borborus only represented, and by very few speoimens.

I

5

2
I

I

The family consists of 1 species — Braula c(Boa, Bitz.

Unincorporated material of varioas Families :—
Godman-SaMn Coll. :

*5 drawers Diptera Orthorrhapha.
*2 boxes Doliehopodidm and Trypetidm,
*H boxes Syrphiaa and Conopidss.
♦10 boxes Oiolorrhapha.
Yerbnry Coll., Ceylon, 1890-2 :

Arranged under families, and a considerable number of species pro-
visionally determined. 8 drawers received 1892.
Bingham Coll., 1896, Sikhim and Burma :

t2 drawers Asilidm and Syrphidx.
Khasi Hills, Asaam :

t2 drawers chiefly Agilidmy Bomhylidmj SyrphfdsSy and Muteidx.
H. Pirer Coll., Japan :

t2 drawers.
C. W. Andrews, Christmas I. :

Arranged under families. 1 drawer.
G. A. K. Marshall, Natal :

t2 drawers.
E. E. Austen, Coll., Brazil :

Arranged under families, and a certain number of species determined.
2 drawers.
O. Thomas, Argentina and Uruguay :
ti drawer.

fl drawer Tabaniruey various localities.
*3 drawers types of Syrphidm, described by M. F. Bigot, and presented

by G. H. Verrall, 1894 and 1901.
t2 drawers containing collections from Algeria, A. E. Eaton; Ceylon,
E. E. Green ; and Queensland, G. Turner.
Yerbury Coll., Corsica and S. France, 1893 :

The majority of species provisionally determined. 2 drawers.
O. Thomas, Brittany and Portugal 1892 and 1896:

fl drawer.
India, chiefly N. W. Provinces :

A number of species provisionally determined. 5 boxes belonging to
Bombay Nat. Hist. See. A named specimen of each species to be
returned when worked out.
*'S drawers of N. American Diptera, from the collection of Prof. Tyler
Townsend, by whom the specimens were named : purchased from
E. Brunetti, 1902-3.

Aooenioni which have been clanifled and named.

t Unclaaeified

2 B 2

LEPIDOPTERA.

Of this Order there are in the Museum 41,210 named speoies;
355,767 specimens, of which 22,629 are unidentified.

614

Zoology.

LEPIDOPTEBA.

Families and Sub-
fkmlliM.

NTMPHALIDiB —

Danainm
lihomianm .
Elymnianm
Brcuaciinm .
AmathuHanm
Marphiiue .
Acrminm
Heliconinm
Nymphalimn

CalirMgifim
PaeudergoHiue
Sattridjs

liYOMHWM
ERTOINIDiB—

Libytheinx
Nemeobiaux
EuBekLsianm
Erycininm .

PAPILIONIDiE
HE81'ERIAD.S —
Pyrrhopygin«

Arranged by

E. Doubleday 1842-8 A. G. Bntler 1864-6 I F. A. Heron 1891-2

1842-8
1842-8
1842-8
1842-8
1842-8
1842-8
1842-8
1842-8

1842-8
1842-8
E. Doubleday 1842-8
1842-8
1842-8

1864-6

..

••

186i-6

F. A. Heron

1895

1864-6

»»

1900

1864-6

»9

1890

1864-6

M

1890

1864-6

A.G.BuUer

1895

1864-6

F. A. Heron

1897

1864-6

1890-1901

E. Doubleday 1842-8 ^ A.G.Butler 1864-6
1842-8

1842-8
1842-8

G. R. Gray 1851

1864-6

1901

1864-6

..

1866-7

F. A. Herou 1896

1871-2

A.G.Butler 1897-8

1864-0

., 1899-1900

1864-6

F. A. Heron 1894

1864-6

1894

1864-6

1894

1864-6

1894

1864-6

1896

E. Doubletlay 1842-8 A.G.Butler 1864-6 E. Y. Wataon and I

i F.A.Heranl891-S.

Iiisecta.

LEPIDOPTBBA.

F. A. Heron

F. A. Heron

1904-5

1897-8

1904

1904
1904

Aetinote^ F. A. Heron,
1897

Argynnu^ Meliima^ Li-
mtniiU^ Apatura^
Vaneua, H. J. Elwes,
1903-4; Preeif and
TafuUfeta, A. 6. But-
ler, 1901.

H. J. Elwee and F. A.
Heron, 1902-4

No. of

White,

1864.

No. Of
DraweTB,
Jan. 1905.

83
species

219
235
636

293
385
558

F. A. Heron 1900-2 270

266
51
30
40
70
34
47
17

638

1

1

370

345

166

2
10

2
22

276
11

Uninoocporated Material. Remarka, Ate

Accessions — *3 boxes.

» *83 boxes, Oodman-SalTin

Accession— ♦I box, Mooro Coll.

Accessions— * 15 boxes, Moore Coll.

*40 „ Godman-Salvin
t2 drawers, various.

Accessions — 6 drawers.
,. t6 boxes.

2 drawers.

♦1 box, Moore Coll.

Accessions — *2 drawers.

14 boxes, Moore Goll.
ff) drawers.

616

Zoology.

LEPIDOPTERA— oofrffnu«Z.

FamiUcfl and Sub-
families.

Ammged by

HsSFERIADiB — COWtd.

■

Hesperianm . •
Pamphilinm

E. Donbledaj

n

r 1842-8
1842-8

A. G. Butler 1864-6
1864-6

E. Y. WatBon and
F. A. Heron 1891-2
1891-2 '

1
1

Syhtomidjk . . .

F. Walker

1854

A. G.Butler 1876

1
G. F. Hampeon 1898

ABOTlADiB—

Nolinm . . .

F. Walker

1863

A. Q. Butter 1877

G. F. Hampson 1900 j

LUhosiaruB . . .

»>

1854

1877

1900 j

AreliaruB . . .

»»

1855

1876

1901

AOARISTIDiB . . .

„

1854

1875

1901

NOOTUIDJB —

i

Agrotinm . . .

F. Walker

1856-8

A. G.Butler 1890-5 \ G.F.Hampscni 1902-3

Hadeninas . . .

>»

1856-8

1890-5

1904:

1)

1856-8

1890-5

1

Aeronydirue . .

»>

1856-8

1890-5

EuieUanm . . .

n

1856-8

1890-5

G. F. Hampeon 1904

Stietopterinx . .

n

1856-8

1890-5

1904

Sarrothripinx .

»»

1856-8 1 ,. 1890-5

..

AooniiansB . . .

»

1856-8

1890-5

..

CutooaliruB . . .

))

1856-8

1890-5

Mominm . . .

M

1856-8

1890-5

.. 1

Plunanm . . .

»»

1856-«

1890-5 .. , ..

Noctuinm . . .

»»

1856-8

1890-5 .. .. ;

Insecta.

LBPIDOPTEBA— MNUfntMd.

No. of
Species.
Adam
White.
18M.

Mo. of
Drawers,
Jan. 1906.

64
71

I

Unincoiporated MateriaJ. Remarks,

Unincorporated general collections
locera: —

21,000 specimens, Hewitson Coll.
10,880 „ Leech Ck)ll.

18,000 „ Crowley Goll.
tl4 drawers.

*20 boxes unset material.
*2 boxes lanrae.

61

7
58
84

26

74

70

33

94

6

4

<)

8

60

2

12

144

G18

Zoology.

LEPIDOPTEBA— <y>n<tiiiuM2.

FuniliMaadSab-
Cunilics.

-

—

—

Arranged by

NoOTUii>A— oofUd.

ErattriaruB . . .

F.

Walker

1856-8

A.G

Bailer 1890-5

..

Hypeninm . . .

»»

1856-8

•«

1890-5

..

HybUrinm . . .

tt

1856-8

-

1890-5

F.

Walker

1855

A.G

Butler 1877

G. F.

Haiu|)bon

1900

Ltmantriada . .

»»

1853

„

1877

„

1900

>»

1854

It

1875

»»

1900

HTP8IDJI ....

w

1854

M

1875

n

1900

SPHINQIDJi—

Acherontianm .

F.

Walker

1856

A.G.

Butler

1875

G. F.

HampMon

1897

Smerinihinx . .

1.

1856

..

1875

n

1897

»«

1856

M

1875

„

1897

ChsBfooampifue

t»

1856

>»

1875

»«

1897

Sphinginm . . .

♦»

1856

»»

1875

«•

1897

Meuiroghsnwc . .

»»

1856

"

187r>

i«

1897

(*TMATOPHOKID2B

•»

1856

»»

1890

««

1899

ELTTEaOTID* . .

»»

1855

u

1875

»♦

1899

NOTODOHTirj . .

t»

1855

»»

1877

»»

1899

n HOMSTBID A—

Boarmiafue

F.

Walker

1860-2

W.Warren

1892

B. SoQth

1904,

QwmetHnm . .

«»

1800-2

1893

1

Avidaliafm . .

*»

1860-2

1893

..

LarerUiaiue . .

♦»

1860-2

1893

(Enoohrominm . .

»»

1860-2

1893

1

»♦

1860-2

1898

.,

Insecta.

LEPIDOPTEBA— ocMamiMc/.

w.

w.

Rothschild

Rothschild

1904

1904

I No. of
I Dntwen,
I Jaiul906.

38

39

1

1
52

1

2
11

7
44
39
16

4
24
44

185
36
42

131

11

9

Unincorporated MaUrial. Ramarka, ft«

620

Zoology,

LEPIDOPTERA— co/i^mued.

Families and Sab-

Arrmnged by

SATUBNIADiB .
BOMBTOIDJB .

Sabaliadjb .

BBAHHSIDiB .
GBRATOOAMPIDiB

Ubaniadjb

PSTOHIDiB
HBTBBOOTNIDiB
ABBKLIDiB
AsOYROTYPIDiB
liATARDIDiB .
GOS8IDJS . .
LASIOOAMPIDiB
ESNDBOMIDiB .

PSBOl'HOBmJE

LiMAOODIDiB

Dalosridjs .
Neooastniadje
Castniadjb .
eu8chemonid2b

ZYGANIDiB —

HimarUopterinm
CJialtxmanm
Zygmninn .

Calliduudje

F. Walker

F. Walker

F. Walker

1855
1855
1855
1855
1855
1854
1855
1855
185(;

1856
1855
1855
1855
1855
1850
1855
1853

A. G.Butler 1876
1876
1875
1876
1876

G. F. Hampson

A.G.

Butler 1875

A. G. Butler 1875
1875
1875
1875
1875
1877
1876
1877

1898
1901
1898

G. F. Hampson

1892 I
1892
1892
1899 '
1899 .
1899 '
1892
1899
1899

1899'

1900

F. Walker 1854 , A. G. Butler 1877

F. Walker 1854 . A. G. Butler 1876

1851 , „ 1877 I

1854 ' „ 1876

1854 „ 1877

G. F. Hampaon 1898

G. F. Hampaon 1898

G. F. HampMO 1900 |

Insecta.

LEPIDOPTEBA-^oonttniied.

O. F. Hampson 1900 |

I
„ 1901

1901 !

O.P.

Hampson

1901 i

}. F. Hampson 1902

1902

1902-3

No. of
Drmwen,
Jan. 1905.

90
5

1
3
7

30

10

1

1

1

1

21

40

1

2

1

3

18

1

1

10

1

1

21
10

Unincorporated Material. Remarks, ftc

622

Zoology.

LEPID( )PTEB A— «m«iMi«i.

FunillM and Snb-
funilles.

Anmngedbj

DREPANID2B . .

F. Walker

1855

A.G.Batler 1877

G.

F.

IIani(>soii

1900

THYKlDIDiB . .

..

•»

1895

Ptraliua —

CkdUrianM

F. Walker

1868

G.

F.

HumpsoD

1897

Crambinm . .

♦»

1863

t}

1893

8ch€etU]biafUB .

»»

1863

»»

18!H

Anenutianm

t»

1863

»>

1897

Phyeiiinm . .

»♦

1863

1893-4

EpiptuckianK .

M

1858-9

W. Warren 1890 1

M

1895

Ckrymvginm

<»

1858-y

1890-1

?♦

189(i

Endotrichinte .

V

1858-9

1890-1

M

1895

Pyralinm . .

»»

1858-0

18tM) I

>»

189.)

Hydrooampinm

-

1858-9

1890 1

»»

1896

Sonpariftnse

»»

1858-9

1890 1

M

1896

Pyrau*tinK

»♦

1858-9

1890 1

"

1897

( >RNBODIDJI . .

»»

1864

..

M

1896

PTEROPHOBIDiB .

»»

1864

f«

1896

SlSIADA . . .

»*

1856

••

»»

1892

Toktbicjida: . .

♦»

1863-4

• •

..

..

TlNEIDiE .... .,

Hepialid.c ...

MiCBOPTEBYGIDiE „

British LEPiDorTER\ B. South

1863-4

1856 A. G. BuUer 187.') G. F. Hampsou 189S

1863

I

1899

1902-4 I

Tnsecta.

LDPIDOPTBBA— coniififierf.

I No. of
I Drawers,
! Jan. 1906.

8
8

4

30

6

7

43

6

7

4

13

15

1»

13

18

36
18

Uninoorporated Material. Remarks

^AooesBioiiB — 6 B. M. drawers. Ui

oept the Moore and '

tioDs and a few othe

*32 drawers, Stainton Col

^0 », „ „

partly named.

♦38 boxes, Frey Coll., Ei

♦2 „ Grote Coll., K

WoUaston Coll., *1 drawer from Mac

•1 „ „ St.]

THYSANOPTERA.
RHYNCHOTA.

Of these Orders there are in the Museum 11,700 named species ;
57,650 specimens, of which 17,300 are unidentified.

VOL. II. 2 8

G2U

Zoology.

THYSANOPTERA.

Snb-OTdew and FwnUles.

Arranged by

TuRiPsmjs . . .

F. Walker 1852

1

..

BHYNOHOTA.

HsTKBOprnu.

'

G Vll^f OCER A T A —

Pentaiomidm . . Adam White . . W.S.Dallas 1851

F. Walker 1867-8

Coreidx . .

1852

1871-2

Beryiida . .

1852

1871-2

Lygmida . .

1852

1872

i^yfthocoTtcuB

1872-3

1873

PhymatidsB

1873

AradicUe . .

1873

Hebridai . .

1

1873 \

Hydrometrida .

1873

HenieocephalidsB

i

1873

Reduviada . .

1873

Saldidm . .

„ 1873

JEpophilidx .

.

.

1873

CeraicooiMda

1 .

1873

amicidm . .

1873

Anihocoridm .

„ 1873

Polyclenidx

1

..

187:j

Capiidw . .

• i •

.. .

1873

Cbyptocerata—

Gdastocorlidx . . j

1873

-Yeptd* . . .

..

1873

Naucoridas , .

.. ..

1878

BelofUmiatidsD .

• • ..

1873

NoionectidsB .

• •

1878

CoHxidm . .

..

1878/'

Insecta.

THYSANOPTERA.

No. of
Drawer*, !
Jan. 1M6. 1

Unincorporated Material. Remarka, Ac

..

1
1

RHYNCHOTA.

W. L. Distant 1899-1900
1900-1
1900-1
1901
1901
1901
1901
1901-2

1902

63
37

1

18

7

2
5

1

1902

6

'

1902

1

1902-3

88

1903

1

1904

1

1904

2

1904

1

1904

4

1904

1

1904

10

1004

2

1904

5

1904

4

1904

4

1904

2

1904

2

2 8 2

tt2S

Zoology.

RHYNCUOTA— oDiatnuad.

Sab-orden ftod Fam
HOMOPTKBA—

Uifit

-'

Arranged by

Cicadidx

F. Walker

1850

P. Walker

1858

A.

G

. Butler 1874

Fuigandm .

1851

1874

Cereoyidse .

1851

F.

Walker

1858

1874

Membrucidx

1851

M

1858

1877-8

Jauidx . .

1851

»•

1858

1«74

pHylluUt .

18r>2

M

1858

1874

Aphidx. .

1S52

.•

1874

Aleurodidx

1852

1874

Coecidas, .

1852

••

1874

AnOI'LUUA—

1

retUculidw. .

. H. Dcmnv

1852

••

A.

G

. Butler 1874

Insecta.

65

BHTNCHOTA— oon<tn«ecl.

No. of
Jan. 1906.

Unlnoorporated MaterUl. Bemarks, ftc.

W. L. Distant 1904

30

1897

73

1901 (part)

14

!

17

15

2

'

1

7

Uninoorporated material of Rhynchota of yario
Families:-
Six drawers.

COLEOPTERA.

Of this Order there are in the Museum 67,300 named species;
898,000 specimens, of which 130,000 are unidentified.

632

Zoology.

COLEOPTEBA.

SutMirdeA and FvnlltWH

Cariihidm . .

HVDRADKPHAaA—

Dytitcidse . .
Oyrinidm

Bbaohelttra—
Staphylinidse

Clavicornia—
PBelaphidm

OnoBtidas
PauMsidm
ScydfMsnidK
Silphidm . .
Trichopterygidm
Scaphidndx .
HiUerida
Phcdaeridm .
NUidulidK .
TrogoHtidsB .
Colydiidm
Bhysodidm .

F. Smith 1804

C. O. Waterhouse 1872

1872

Adam White 1847 | C. O. Waterhouse 1872

1847

1872

C. O. Waterhouse 1868

Amngedb}'

G. J. Arrow 1899-1900

B. I. Pooock 1885-61

11 drawers, Ptemttiehut]
and allies.

Q. J. Arrow

G. J. Arrow

19(H

1904

I

C. O. Waterhouse 1869 G. J. Arrow

1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869

1900

1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1901
1901
1902
1903
1904
1901

Insecta.

633

COLEOPTEBA.

I No. of
1 Draweni,
Jan. 1906.

43

12G

UnincoTporatod Material. Remarks, ftc

IAcceasions— t" B. M. drawers.
t9 drawers, Pasooe Coll.
*20 drawers, 6 boxes, Godman-Salyin Coll.

31

10

Accessions— fl B. M. drawer.

Accessions— 1 2 B M. drawers. ♦W. Indian Coll., iden
tified by Mons. Fauyelle.

li") AccesHions— to Clavicomia.

t2 B. M. drawers.

t3 drawers, Pascoo Coll.

*3 boxes. Godman-Salvin Coll.

4
If)

3

3
2G

3
37
11
17

1

634

Zoology,

GOLEOPTEBA— oon/inued.

Sob-orders and Families.

CLATIOOBNIA-eon^.

Oueujidm
Orypiophagidm
Derodontidm
Lathridiadm .
Oihniadm
Myeetophagidse
Thorietida .
Dermeitidm .
Byrrhidm
Oeoryfsida .
Pamidsf .
HeUroceridm

Palpioobwa—
IlydrophUida:

Pbotiniooknia—
Lucanidx
Pasmlidm

Lamellicobnia—
Aphodiad»
(Jrphnidx
Hyhowridse
Oeotrupida
Trogidm .
Scarahmidx

Arranged by

F. Smith

1851

C.O.Waterhonse 1869
1869
1869

1869,

F. Smith

1869
1869
1869

C. O. Waterhouse 1869

j C.O.Waterhouae 1807
1852 „ 1875

G. J. Arrow

1901

G. J. Arrow

95

! C.O.Waterhonse 1866 G. J. Arrow 1908

(expanded)

1866

»» Wt\

1866

m

1866

IW:

1866

IW!

1866

C.O.Waterh(nuel88»4l

Insecta.

63fl

COLEOPTEBA— «m«ntt«d.

1 No. of
Drawen,
' Jan. 190ft.

Unfncorponted MateriAl. BeipArks, ate

19

..

1
1

1

1
1

..

1

1

Acoessions — fl B. M. drawer.

30
22

Aooessions— fl} B. M. drawer.

Accessions— fl B. M. drawer.

*3 boxes, GkKlman-Salviii Coll.

Accessions— 13 B. M. drawers.

♦7 dmwers, Pasooe CJoU.

636

Zoology.

GOLEOPTERA— fon^ntMff.

Sob-ordereaud Families.

Arranged by

_l

Lam ELUOoiuf t A*-£bl. |

I

Olaphyridx . .

Mdolonthidm . '

RvieUdm . .

I
Dynadidx .

CeioniadsB

SiBRIOOBNIA—

Buprestidac .

Trixagidm .
Monommidm .
EucnemicUe .
Elat-eridm

Malacoderiiata-
CebrionidsB .
BhipidoceridK
DtMsiUidm
Cyphonida
Lyeidm .
Lampyridm
TeUphoridx
Drilidm .
Mdyridm
Cleridm .
Lymexylonid«

Adam Wliito 1846

Adam White 1848

C. O. Waterhouse 1866
1866
1866
1867

F. Smith

F. Smith

1863

1863

G. J. Arrow

1886

i«

1886

..

1888

*" (expanded)

1888

C

0. Waterhouse 1881
(partly expanded)

F. Smith and C. O. Wattfb,
honsc 1878^i

C. O. Waterhonso 1869\

Cr. R. Waterhouse,
abont 1853

1869) C. J. Gahan 1908

(expanded)
1869."

1869 ' C. J. Gahan (part) IdOi

Adam White 1849 i

1870

C. J. Gahan

190S

1870

««

1908

1870

1*

190S

1870

M

1903

1870

0. 0. Waterhouse

1878

1870

C. J. Gahan

1908

1870
1870J
1870l
1870
1870

Insecta.

GOLEOPTEBA— eonetnu^ci.

I No. of i
Drawers, «
Jan. 1906. 1

Unincorporated Material. Remarks, &c.

C. O. Waterhouse 1895
(partly expanded)

90
61

Aocessions— tl B. M. drawer.

50 ' Acoesaioiis — fl B. M. drawer.

50 Acceseiuns— fS B. M. drawers.

*\ boxes, Godman-Salvin Ck)li.

74 * On tlie acquisition of the Saunders GoU.
Accessions — t3J B. M. drawer. .

*9 drawers, Godman-Salvin Coll.

Accessions — ^l drawers. Godman-Salvin Coll.

77 Accessions — fS B. M. drawers.

*5 drawers. Godtnan-Salvin Coll.
' JaDson (^11., 100 boxes of vurioas size

taining about 15,000 specimens.

C.J

Gahan

1903

2

6
21
21

6 \

Aocessions — 13 B. M. drawers.

*1 1 boxes, Godman-Salvin (JoU.

636

Zoology.

GOLEOPTERA— «on<fntMf;.

Solxinlf n init Fu&ltEt-

«.

Arranged l^

LAlTCLU0ORVtA~e£

rf.

Gtaphyridie .

G. 0. Waterhouae 1866

G. J. Arrow

MdoUmthidm

i

.

1866

»•

Ruididm

1866

„

DynoiticUt .

1867

(expandc

CeUmiadm .

SiRRICOBNIA—

Adam Wliite

1846

F. Smith 1863

C. 0. Waterhouf
(partly expa

Buprestidx .

Adam White

1848

F. Smith 1863

F. Smith audC.
house

Trixagicbs .

CO. Waterhouse 1869

Monommida: .
Eucnemidx .

1

1

1869
1869

C. J. Gahan

(expandc

Elateridx

O. R.

Waterhouse,
about 1853

1869

C. J. Gahan (pa

Malacoderiiata—

CebrionidsB .

.

C. 0. Waterhouse 1870

C. J. Gahan

WiipidoceHdx

1870

M

D<Msaiidm .

1870

»»

Cyphonida .

1870

M

Lyeidm , .

« .

1870

0. 0. Waterhou

Lampynda .

1870

C. J. Gahan

1870

..

Drflwte . .

1870

MdyridsB

'

1870|

Cleridm .

. Adam White

1849

1870

..

Lymexylonidx

1
i

•

»

1870

..

Insecta.

COLEOPTEKA-^;Utnt*«rZ.

Unincurporated Material. Uemarks, &c.

AcceaaionB— tl B. M. drawer.

Aoceasions— fl B. M. drawer.

63

I. O. Watorhouse 18*J3
(partly expauded)

50

Acco88ious — 13 B. M. drawers.

*4 boxes, Godman-Salvin Coli.

* On the acquiuition of the Saunders GoU.
AccesHions — fS} B. yi. drawer..

*9 drawers, Godman-Salvin Coll.

AccuBBions— *2 drawers. Godman-Salvin Coll.

Accessions— 13 B. 31. drawers.

*;') drawers. Goduiuu-Salviu Coll.
Janaon Coll., 100 boxes of vurions sizes, cc
taining about 15,000 specimens.

2

i

3

t)

Gahun

1903 1

1

21
21

I

i
1

5

\ Accessions—

8

••

1 .

♦1 1 boxes, Godmiin-Sulvin Coll.

638

Zooloijy.

COLEOPTEEA— con/»wu«J.

Sub-orders and Funilieo.

1

a™4s;^

Malacodermata—
ctmiinued.

1

>

i
1

1

Cupendm ....

' C. 0. WatorhouBO 1870|

PUnidm

V

1870)

i

Bo*Mchidm . . ; ..

1870

C. 0. Watorhoiwo

mi

Cioidm . . . j ..

»»

1870

G. J. Arrow

1901 ,

Hbteromeba— '

1896 1

1

Tetiebrionidx .

C.

0. WatcrhouBc 18G«

G. J. Arrow

Cutdidm

»»

1868

M

1
1897 ■

Nilionidm ....

•»

1868

..

1M>7 '

Pythidm

♦•

1868

»t

1897

Mel^indryidK . | ..

"

1868

»»

lf07 '

Lagriadm

-

1868

»«

1897 ;

Pedtlidm . .

M

1868

••

1S97

ArUhicidiB . .

V

1868

..

1897 1

Pyroehroidm

»»

1861>

»»

1S97

MordeUid» ....

f»

1869

»«

1897

llhipidopharidsi

»>

1869

«<

1897

Cantharidm . .

!

•t

1869

Mn, Thomas

1895-7

(Edemeridm ....

1

l»

1869

G. J. Arrow

1897

Stylopidm . . j F. Smith (?) .

1

•

••

..

••

BUYNCUOPHOBA— !

AtUlabidm . . | ..

F.

SduUi

186»-5

..

Curcurianidx

..

»»

1863-5

..

..

Swlytidss . .

..

}f

1863-.)

..

..

Brenthidm . .

..

»»

1863-5

..

..

AnthrihidM . .

..

'

»»

1868^

..

•■ 1

Insecta.

631)

COLEOFTERA— ^ofU^ntiad.

I No. of
Drawers,
Jan. 1905.

Unincorporated Material. Remarks, Ice

124

G«
1
1
2

T)
1
3
1
4
3
42
8
I

Accessions — tU B. M. drawora.

*52 boxes, Bates Coll.

♦34 „ Godman-SaWin Coll.

6
147

4
10
15

The Rynchophora were Jekcl's G)llcctiun, presented to the
Museam by Mr. Bowring. It was arranged by Jekel in
cabinets of Museum pattern. Mr. Smith expanded it,
and incorporated as many of the Museum specimens as
he was able, leaving all the obscure species in magazine
drawers ; about 10,000 unnamed specimens. The Pascoe
Coll., 13,000 specimens, lias also to be incf)rporated. A
great number of these are named.

e40

Zoology.

OOLEOPTBBA—ooiOtntted.

Sab-ordere and Families.

—

■ — -

Arranged by

LONGIOORNIA—

Adam WMte

1855

C. O.Waterhou8el876

G. J. Galian

1887-1902

Paiundridx

»•

1855

I)

1876

»•

1887-1902

PrionidsB . .

i»

1855

?»

1876

•

1887-1902

Cerambyeidm

„

1855

»'

1877

•t

1887-1902

Lomiadm . .

«•

1855

»»

1877

rt

1887-1902

Brwikidm . .

..

F. Smith

1868

SagridsB . . •

V

1866-70

C. J. Gahan

1890

Donaciadai .

•»

1866-70

»»

1890

Oriocenda . .

«»

1866-70

•t

1890

Megatcdidx . .

»«

1866-70

»»

1890

M

1866-70

..

aythridK . .

»♦

1866-70

Chlamidm . .

>'

1866-70

Cryptocephalidts

.,

1866-70

..

J»

1866-70

..

?»

1866-70

C. J. Gahan

1895-7

ChrywmeUdm .

'

>t

1866-70

..

HaWeidm . .

♦ 1

1866-70

..

OalerueidsB . .

w

1866-70

C. J. Gahan

1891-4

HMpu2« . . .

Dr.J. S.Baly 1858

»»

1866-70

..

Cassididm . .

Dr. Bohomann 1856

?f

186e-70

• •

Tbimbba—

ErUylidm . .

..

0. Waterhouse . .

..

..

Languriadss . .

..

i»

. .

G. J. Arrow

1901

EndamyehidsB .

..

1)

. .

ft

1897

CoeeinelUdsB. .

Adam White (?) .

..

• .

♦>

1899

If

••

••

»»

1901

Insecta,

641

COhEOFTERA-catUinuefl.

No. of
Draweri),
Jan. 1905.

Uoliicorpormted Material. Bemarlu, Ite.

1 Ac<!e88iuii8 — 3 drawers.

1

62

150

219

4 Accessiunti — 47 drawers, 6 boxcu, Baly Coll. A large pro-
, portir)n of these arc named, but there are

many hnudreds of Bpecimens that have not
been examined.
*4 drawers, 32 boxes, Godman-Siilvin GolL
4

3

10

I

5
10

6
18

2

44
30
26
45
13
27

r. J. Arrow

1902

34

9
10
26

3

Accessions— "^1 box, Godman-Salvin Coll.
Accessions — "^4 boxes, Godman-Salvin Coll.

rOL. II.

2 T

HYMENOPTEUA.

Of this Order there are (in 1904) in the Museum 19,G00 named species ;
182,000 specimens, of which 34,000 are unidentified.

644

Zoology,

HYMENOPTERA.

Snb-OTden and Families.

Arranged bj

r

SE88IL1VENTRE8 —

i

Cephidx . . .

F.

Smith

1860

F. Smith

1874

W. F. Kirby

188*2

Orywidm . . .

*>

1860

,y

1874

1882

Siricidm . . .

M

1860

»♦

1874

♦»

1882

1

TefUhredinidsB . .

-

1858

i»

1874

»»

1882 1

PmOLATA.

Entomophaoa—

Cynipidm .

..

W. F. Kirby

1886

Proototrypid^e

j

ChalcididtB,

F.

Walker

1846-8

F. Walker

1860

W. F. Kirby

1882-6 1
<part)

Icfineumonid«

F.

Smitli

• • •(

Bracnnidst ,

„

. . .1

* •

SUpluinidm.

»♦

1860

W. F. Kirby

1883

MegalyridK

«♦

1860

„

1883 ,

Evaniiidm .

1860

»♦

1883 j

1

FeUcinidm .

„

1860

*»

1883 ;

Trigonalidx

-

1860

f>

1883

TUBULIFERA—

i

Chryndidm . .

F.

Sniiili

1^74

W. F. Kliby

1889

AOULBATA.

1

Antuopuila —

,

Apidm . . .

F.

Smith

1853-4

••

i

No. of Drawers,

1
1

21

4
4

39

Insecta. 645

HYMEN'OPTERA.

Uulncorporated MateruU. (lemarlu, kc.

42

646

Zoology.

HYMENOPTERA— ^ofittntMd.

Amngedby

DiPLOPTIRA—

Eumenidm . . .

F. Smith

1857

..

..

Ve^pidm . . .

tt

1857

..

Mfuaridm . . .

»i

1857

..

FOSSORBS—

MutUUdsB . . .

F. Smith

1855

..

SeoUadm . . .

>»

1855

W. F. Kirby 1889

..

8apygi€Ue . . .

ti

1855

..

Thynnidm . .

»

1859

..

..

PompUidai . . .

♦♦

1855

..

C. T. Bingham 1896

Spliegidm . . .

»»

1856

••

FormieidK . . .

F. Smith

1858-9

W. F. Kirby 1888

C. T. Bingham 1901

Dorylifue . . .

.•

..

1902

PonerifUB . . .

• •

..

1902

DoHOioderirm . .

1903

Camponotiiue . .

19(H

Insecta.

647

HYMENOPTERA— «m(tnti«J.

No. of Drawera,
Jan. 1905.

Unincorporated MateriaL Kemarks, &c.

20

5
GO
20

Unincorporated materi

♦Farren White Coll.
^Hawaiian Coll.
fPersian Coll. .
♦W. Indian Coll.

Marshall Coll.

Dodd Coll. .

Uaviland Coll.
*Buchecker Coll.
*Godinan-Salvin Coll
Accessions partly named

sorted in families or by localities

ial of various Families of Hymenoptera :—

55 store boxes.

9 „ (worked out).

10

•^ »» ♦»

21

7

4
16 drawers, European.

6 „ Formi<iidm.\ Partly

120 \ "*^'"

*^'* »' Iporated.

and

partly

'}

NEUROPTERA.

Of this Order there are (in 1904) in the Museum 1864 named species ;
905G specimens, of which 1200 are unidentified.

ORTHOPTERA.

Of this Order there are (in 1904) in the Museum 3900 named species ;
18,800 specimens, of which 3200 are unidentified.

APTERA.

Of this Order there are (in 1904) in the Museum 21 named species ;
140 specimens, of which Ct5 are unidentified.

650

Zoology.

NEUROPTERA.

Sob-orders and Famille«.

Arranged by

Amphibiotioa.

Odonata—

i

Libeaulidm-

LibeUviifUB . .

..

..

W. P. Kirby 1885-7

1885

.£tchnidm—

Oomphinm . .

W. F. Kirby 1885

••

••

1885

Agrionidas—

Agrioninm . .

F. Walker

1853

R. MoLachlan . . ' W. F. Kirby 1886

CanagrionifUB .

••

1 „ 1886

F. Walker

1853

•• 1 •• .

PlRUDA ....

n

1852

1

PSBlTDOmUBOPTBRA—

1

TermiUdm . . .

F. Walker

1853

H.Hagen 1858! .. .. !

t)

1858

R. MoLachlan . .

Pmxiidm . . .

♦»

1853

»» • •

• • .. ,

Plakipxnnia —

1

aidlidm. . . .

F. Walker

1853

R. McLaohlan 1867 j W. F. Kirby 1900 j

Rhaphidiadas

♦»

1853

1867 , „ 1900 i

Myrmdeonidm . .

•«

1853

1867 „ 1899-1900 ,

Aioalaphida . .

„

1853

1871 i „ 1900

Nemapteridm . .

•»

185:{

1867 1 ,,1900

Maniitpidm . .

>»

1853

1867 .. 1900

Nymphidm . . .

»»

1853

1867 „ 1900

Otmylidm . . .

»♦

1853 „ 18(17 „ 1900:

MueropalpidsB .

♦»

18r>3

1867 „ 1900,

V

1853

1867 .. ..

HemerobiadaB . .

»»

1853

1867 i W. F. Kirby 1900

Panorpidx . . .

„

1853

1867 1 ,. 1900

BiUacidm .

-

185:^ „ 1867 1 „ 1900 j

Insecta,

651

NEUROPTERA.

W. F. Kirby 1890
1890

W. F. Kirby 1890
1890

W. F. Kirby 1890

No. of
Drawen, i Uninoorpunted MaterUI. Remarku^ fco.
Jan. 19U5. !

102 \
8

21
40

AcoessioDs— fl drawer of puiMB.

38
11

AooeMiions — 8 drawers.

\ !

7
1
39
13
3
3
1
3
2
1
8
2
2

I
\i Aocessions — G drawers.

/I

650

Zoology.

NEUROPTERA.

Sub-orders and Families.

- —

- —

Arranged by

Amphibiotioa.

Odonata—

Ltbeafaidm-

lAbeUvlinm . .

..

..

W.P.Kirby 1885-7

Cordvlianm . .

••

1885

JEtehnidm—

Oomphinm . .

..

W. F. Kirby 1885

••

••

1885

AgHonidiB—

Agrioninm . .

F.

Walker

1853

R. McLachlau

.

W. F. Kirby 1886

Cc6nagrionin« .

..

1886

Ephbmbbjb

F.

Walker

1853

Pkbejda ....

n

1852

^,

..

PSBUDOHIDBOPTERA—

TermUidm . . .

F.

Walker

1853

H. Hagen

1858

••

EtMadm . . .

»f

1858

R. MoLachlan

.

..

P9oeidm . . .

>♦

1853

♦♦

• .

..

Sialidm. . . .

F.

Walker

1853

R. McLaohlan

1867

W. F. Kirby 1900

Rhaphidiadas

♦t

1853

•n

1867

1900

MyrmeleonidsB . .

«»

1853

<»

1867

^ 1899-1900

Asealaphidx . .

»*

1853

»t

1871

1900

NemapteHdm . .

•»

185:^

n

1867

1900

MantitpidsB

»»

1853

»»

1867

1900

Nymphidm . . .

»»

1853

»«

1867

1900

OBmylidm . . .

i»

1853

,»

18(J7

1900

Mueropalpidss .

'»

1853

'•

1867

1900

V

1853

♦♦

1867

1

Hemerchiadm . .

»»

1853

»>

1867

' W. p. Kirby 1900 1

PanorpidsB . . .

..

1853

yt

1867

1 „ MWI

BiUacidm .

"

1853

y...

1867

m«i

Lisecta.

651

NEUROPTERA.

W. F. Kirby 1890

1890

I

W. F. Kirby 1890
1890

, W. F. Kirby 1890

I

No. of
Drawer*, i Uninoorpunted Material. Reroarku^ kc.
Jan. 1»06.

102 ^
8

21
40 /

23
38

11

2
I
2

7

1
39
13

3

3

1

3

2

1

8

2

2>

AcoessioDB— fl drawer of puiMB.

AooesnioDB — 3 drawers.

i- Aocessions — 6 drawers.

652

Zoology.

NEUROPTERA— c(m<tntt€rf.

Sab-ordera and Families.

Arranged by

Triohoptera —

Fhryganeadx . .

K. Walker 1852

R. McLaclilan . .

Mallophaoa ...

A G. Butler 1873

1

ORTH

OPTERA.

CUBSOBIA—

1
1

ForficulidM . .

Adam White 1850

J. 0. WcBtwocxl

Hemimeridm . .

BkUtidm . . .

Adam White 1850

MafUidm . . .

1850

H. W. Bates . .

Phamiidx . . .
(G. Gray, 183r).)

1850

1 J.O.We8twoodl859

Saltatobia —

1

Aehetidm . . .

Adam White 1850

PhiugonuricUb . .

1850

Loewiidm . . .

1850

'

APTEEA.

Thtsanuba—

CampodeidsB . .

A.G.Butler 1873 \

Japygidm . . .

1873

'

Maehaidm . . .

1878

Lepi$midm . . .

1873

'

Collembola—

Lipuridm . . .

A. G.Butler 1873

Foduridm . . .

1873

i

SmyrUhuridic . .

1873/

1

F. Walker 1877
1868-9

F. Walker 1869

1870
1871

I

[nsecta.

653

NEUROPTEUA- continiWAl.

No. of
Drawors, , Uuincoiporated Material. Remarks, kc.
I Jan. 1906. .

I) AcocsBioiiH — 1 drawer.

7

ORTHOPTERA.

W. F. Kirhy 1890 W. F. Kirby| ^,^y^\

W. F. Kirby 1888-9 W. F. Kirhy
1H80-7 I
1887-s
I

1 1897 »
110031

jI8J»7|
UlH)3f

j 1894-51
\ 1904f

W. F. Kirby 1889 W. F. Kir)>y 1898

1890 1 „ 1899

1900-2

10
1

64

lGr>

3s
173

\m

1 1 drawer utreHsioiiB, and *^ drawer
I G(Mlman-SHlviii Coll.

fl drawer aoct'ssionH, and ^2^
"i drawcTs Godman-Salyin Coll.

jtl drawer accetisions, and *2^
i drnwers Gkxlman-Salvin Coll.

t2 drawers }ioce88ioii8

/ 1 drawer acccssioTiB, and *]^ drawers
I Godman-Balviii Coll.
ffl drawer acoeHsions, and *7i
\ drawers Godinan-Salvin Coll.
it 13 drawers accessions, sorted by
\ localities.

APTERA.

I
dniwer.

7. ARACHNIDA.
By R. J. POCOCK.

A. List of the Officbrs more or less connected with the
Collection of Arachnida.

Date of
Appoint-
ment.

ASSISTANTS.

Date of
Appoint-
ment.

KXBPKRS.

Ill

Assistant-
Kkepers.

1818

W. E. Leach.

1816

J. G. Children.

1824

J. E. Gray.

1835

Adam White.

1863

A. G. Butler.

1875

Dr. A. Giinther.

1872

Dr. A. Gunther.

1872
1885
1904

E. J. MierB,

R. I. Pocock.

Dr. W. T. Cai-
man.

1895
1898

Sir W. H. Flower,

K.C.B.
Prof. E. Bay Lan-

kester.

1879
1895

A. G. Butler.

E. A. Smith,
I.S.O.

I. TERRESTRIAL ARACHNIDA.

B. Registration, Preservation, and Identification of the
Collections.

There is no eyidence that additions to the collection were
registered and numbered before 1826.

Previous to 1838, accessions of Arachnida were entered in
an undated register, entitled " Catalogue of Aptera," which also
included Myriopoda and Apterous Insects. The majority of the
entries appear to be in the handwriting of S. Parrell, an attendant

6 of) Zoology.

in the Department; the remainder, in that oi Adam White.
Since the first specimens entered in this register formed part of
Dr. Leach's collection, which was acquired by the Trustees in
1826, it is evident that the date of commencement of registration
of accessions is not earlier than that year.

In 1838 the first dated register was started, the Arachnida,
Myriopoda, Crustacea, and Insects being all included in the one
volume. The Arachnida and Myriopoda continued to be entered
in the Insect register, often under the vague and comprehensive
heading " Aptera," until 1889, when a separate register was com-
menced for them, and the method of registration followed in the
case of the vertebrated animals, instead of that practised for the
insects, was adopted.

Up to 1870 or thereabouts, the collection of Arachnida con-
sisted of a number of dried and pinned specimens contained,
with scarcely an attempt at systematic arrangement, in one of the
old 40-drawer cabinets. No special attention was paid to them,
and apart from the account of the Arachnida written by G. R.
Gray, in vol. xiii. of Griffith's " Animal Kingdom," 1833, and a
small number of papers by Adam White, containing descriptions
of a few species, no publications based upon the Museum material
were issued.

Subsequently to 1863, the collection was under the charge of
Mr. A. G. Butler, who was appointed an Assistant in that year.
Since Mr. Butler's first paper upon the group was published in
1873, it may be inferred that he commenced the arrangement of
the collection in new 20-drawer cabinets in about the year 1870.
The groups he selected for special study are mentioned below
under their appropriate ordinal headings. Most of his descriptive
and systematic work was based upon dried specimens, the spirit
collection at that time being practically non-existent. During
subsequent years its growth was slow, and in 1886, when the
Arachnida were placed under Mr. Pocock's care, the spirit col-
lection, composed of sorted and unsorted material of this class,
was contained in one table-case in the spirit house. At the pre-
sent time the collection, including both dried and spirit-preserved
material, is contained in four 20-drawer cabinets and one
40-drawer cabinet, and in twenty-four closely packed table-
cases in the spirit house.

In 1904 the collection of Arachnida consisted of about
31,000 specimens, 3,500 named species and 400 unnamed species.

Arachnida. 657

Order SCORPIONES.

The first publication containing reference to the collection of
Scorpions appears to be vol. iii. of the " Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt^res,"
1844, wherein the author, M. Paul Gtervais, described some of the
species preserved in the Museum cabinets. There is also some
internal evidence that, probably somewhere about 1860, Dr.
Peters examined the collection, or part of it, and identified some
of the species ; but he described no new forms. The dried speci-
mens contained in the cabinet were more or less roughly named
by Mr. A. G. Butler, or his predecessors, who had charge of the
Arachnida; but it was not until 1889 that the systematic study
of the Scorpions was commenced. In that year Mr. R. I. Pocock
started to work up the collection, beginning with the compilation
of a MS. catalogue of the described species, in which were entered,
under their appropriate generic and specific headings, the names,
numbers, and histories of the specimens preserved in the Museum.
Since 1889, the collection has rapidly grown, by the presentation,
exchange, and purchase of specimens from all parts of the world.
These have been named and catalogued. At the present time the
collection is considerably the richest in the world, so iax as the
numbers of species, specimens, and types are concerned.

Most of the types are those of the species established by Mr.
Pocock. In addition to these and the types of the species
described by Geri-'ais above alluded to, the Trustees acquired by
purchase from M. Goudot, in 1846, some of Gervais*s types or
co-types of his Colombian species. En 1889 and 1897 Mr. E.
W. Oates presente<l his entire collection of Burmese Scorpions,
amounting to over 300 specimens, including the types and co-types
of the species he had described. Amongst the named Scorpions
contained in Key ser ling's collection was the type of one species.
Also the types of one of Kraepelin's species, and co-types of others
were received in exchange from the Hamburg Museum in 1898 ;
and co-types of several species of Opisthophthalmus were similarly
acquired from the South African Museum, Cape Town, in 1899.

Order PEDIPALPI.

Up to 1872 the Museum material of Pedipalpi belonging to
the family Thelyphonidse had never been systematically studied.
In that year Mr. A. G. Butler published in the "Ann. Mag. Nat.
VOL. II. 2 u

668 Zoology.

Hist." a catalogue of the described species, indicating by the
letters "B. M." those that were represented in the Museum, and
described eight new forms.

In 1894 the identification of the collection was again taken
in hand by Mr. R. L Pocock, who prepared a MS. catalogue of
the described species, entering in it under their specific headings,
the specimens in the National Collection. The fairly extensive
material that has come to hand since 1894 has been identified,
and, in the case of new species, described. The series of Indian
and Burmese specimens, including the types of his own species,
that was presented by Mr. E. W. Oates in 1897, made a valuable
addition to the National Collection.

The SchizonoiideB are represented in the Museum by one
specimen only, namely, the type of Trithyreus suboculeUua.

The material of Pedipalpi of the group Amblypygi (Phrynidse)
<x>ntained in the British Museum became of historical importance
in 1844, when an account of it, containing descriptions of three
new species, was published by Gtovais in the third volume of his
« Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt^res." In 1873, Mr. A. G. Butler worked
through the collection, and published the results in the *' Annals
and Magazine of Nat. Hist." for that year. Some new species
were described, and the species identified by the author as repre-
sented in the British Museum were indicated by the letters *' B. M."
A second paper upon the collection was published by Mr. Butler
in 1879.

In 1894, the collection was again catalogued by Mr. R. I.
Pocock, who drew up a MS. list of all the described species of
the sub-order, entering in it under their proper generic and specific
headings the specimens preserved in the Museum. The accessions
since 1894 have been similarly named and catalogued.

Ordbb ARANE^.

Befoi-e 1890 very little attention had been paid to the col-
lection of Spiders. A few species only had been named by G. R.
Gray, Adam White, A. G. Butler, and the Rev. O. P. Cambridge ;
the dried specimens had been roughly arranged under their generic
and family headings ; but the material in the spirit-house was for
the most part unnamed and unsorted. In 1890 Mr. Pocock started
to work out the species of the group Mygalomorphse, adopting
the method of cataloguing already pursued in the case of the

Arachnida. 659

Scorpiones, Pedipalpi, and Solifugai. A list of the described
species was prepared , and the specimens of the various families,
species and genera were systematicaUy determined, and entered
in the list under the appropriate headings. With the remaining
species of this order, however, namely, those belonging to the
extensive group Arachnomorphae, it was considered advisable, on
account of the vast numbers of species involved, and the relative
unimportance from a Museum standpoint of many of them, on
account of their small size and infrequency of occurrence, to
follow a different plan, namely, that of working through the
entire collection faunistically. This was found to be the only
practical method of enriching the collection, by meeting the wishes
or stipulations of collectors, while at the same time it fulfilled
the desired purpose of getting the general collection into a satis-
factory state, as regards generic and specific determination. This
work was commenced in 1897, and has been systematically
followed since. After 1895 the late Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge
gave voluntary and valuable help by working out and describing
the material of various genera.

Order SOLIFUG^.

The Museum material of this order was apparently named for
the first time in 1873, when Mr. A. G. Butler published in the
'' Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist." for that year a list of the
described species, indicating by the letters " B. M.'' those that
were represented in the National Collection. At that time the
Museum contained about twenty-five species, amongst which were
only two types, namely, that of Galeodea brevipes, described by
Gervais on a visit to the Museum in 1842, and of Solpuga hoatilisy
described by White in Methuen's " Life in the Wilderness." Mr.
Butler added one new species to the list.

In 1895, Mr. R. I. Pocock worked through the entire col-
lection, described a large number of new species, prepared a MS.
catalogue of the known species of the order, and entered in the
catalogue under the appropriate species the specimens represented
in the Museum. Since 1895, numerous additions which have been
named and, if necessary, described by Mr. Pocock, have been
made to this section of Arachnida. At the present time the
Museum is rich in specimens of the larger species belonging to
the genera Solpuga, Oaleode», and Bhagodes, but the smaller
species and genera are poorly represented in the collection.

2 u 2

660 Zoology.

Order PSEUDOSCORPIONES.

The collection of this order has never been systematically
studied, and is not extensive. In addition to specimens from
various parts of the world, the dried portion of the collection
contains the types of Leach's British species, the type of Chelifer
hravaisii, Gerv., and some examples from different parts of England,
which were identified by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge. The bulk
of the spirit-preserved material is derived from the named speciei>
forming part of Keyserling's collection. This consists of various
species of Cheliferidse and ObUiidse from Europe, and the typical
or co-typical examples of the Australian species described in the
last volume of that author's work, " Die Arachniden Australiens."

Order OPILIONES.

The fairly extensive collection of this order is represented by
both dried and spirit-preserved material, which has never been
systematically worked through and named. In 1833 two species
of Chnyleptes were described by G. R. Gray in Griffith's " Animal
Kingdom." In 1873 and 1874, Mr. A. G. Butler published a
list of the known species of Gonyleptidse, determined the Museum
material of this family, and described several new species ; and
in 1897 Mr. R. I. Pocock worked out the relatively small amount
of material of Sironidse and Oncopodidse and named a few new
species.

The large number of Gonyleptidce and Cosmetidse, and the
Australian species of Assamiida and Phalangodidse, contained in
Keyserling's collection, were determined by W. Sorensen, and in
1899 duplicate examples of the species of SironidsB were sent to
Dr. H. J. Hansen for examination and identification.

Order PODOGONA.

This order is represented by a single specimen of Cryptostemma
afzelii, collected by Mr. E. E. Austen at Sierra Leone, and by
two examples of C. karachii, obtained on the Benito River, Congo,
by Mr. G. L. Bates. The two species were examined and identi-
fied by Dr. H. J. Hansen.

Arachnida. 661

Order ACARL

Apart from a few casually received specimens of various
families from diflferent localities, the collection of Acari, which
has never been systematically studied, consists mainly of speci-
mens of the larger tropical Trombidiidsp, of a considerable number
of mostly unnamed specimens of Ixodidse, and of Mr. A. D.
Michael's series of British Orihatidm, which was received in
1879 and 1888, and formed the basis of that author's monograph
of the British Qribatidse, published by the Ray Society. The
specimens, including the types of the species described in the
volume, are mounted upon 106 microscopical slides.

Alphabetical List of Authors who have established Species
UPON Specimens now contained in the British Museum.

HUTLEB, A. G. EULCZINSKI, AV.

Cambridge, O. P. Lbagh, \V. £.

( 'AMBRiDOs, F. O. Lucas, H.

Oebvais, Paul. Oates, E. W.

Gray, G. B. Peokham, G .W.

Guerik-Meneville. Pooock, B. I.

GiJNTHER, A. PtJRCELL, W. F.

Hansen, H. J. Simon, £.

Hogg, H. B. Thorell, T.

Ketserlino, £. Walokbnaer.

EiRBT, W. WATEBHOUflE, C. O.

Koch, Carl Ludwio. AVhitb, A.
Kraepelin, K.

List of the Principal Countries whence the Museum has
Received Arachnida, with the Names of the Donors
OR Collectors.

EUROPE.

Varioi's ( *ouNTRUES ON THE CoNTiNKNT .* Keyserllng's collection.

England: F. AValker ; O. Thomas; R. I. Pooock; A. D. Michael.

France (Brittant) : O. Thomas.

Germany : Dr. Eger ; O. Thomas.

Italy : O. Thomas.

Spain and Baleabio Islands: O. Thomas; Colonel Yerbory; G. 0.

Champion.
Madeira and Salvages Islands: W. B. O. Qrant.

662 Zoology.

ASIA AND AUSTRALIA.

Akabia : G. Doria ; A. G. Jayakar ; Col. Yerbury ; A. B. Peroival.

Pebsia : Karachi Museum : R. T. GUnther; W. D. Cuming; B. T. Ffinch ;
8. Butcher; and F. AV. Townscnd.

Afouanistan: Dr. Aitcheson.

Baluchistan : F. W. Townsend ; H. I. Pooock.

India: R. <;. Wroughton; H. M. Phipson; G. F. Hampson; J. S. Jam-
bunatban; G. P. Staunton; C. A. Barber; H.Ferguson; G R. Hen-
derson ; H. E. Slater.

Obtlon : E. E. Green ; Col. Yerbury ; W. Freeman.

Burma: E. W. Gates ; John Anderson; G. Doria (Fea Coll.>

Malay Peninsula : H. N. Ridley ; S. S. Flower.

Siam: S. S. Flower; M, Daly.

China : P. Bassett Smith ; C D. Rickott and J. Latouche.

Philippine Islands : H. Cuming ; A. AVhitehead.

BoBNEo: A. Everett; C. Hose.

Celebes, Amboin and Moluccas, &c.: \V. Kiikenthal; G. Doria.

Solomon Islands, New Britain, &o. : Lords of the Admiralty ; A. Willey ;
C. M. Woodford.

Australia : Keyserling's collection ; Godeffroy Museum.

New Zealand: Prof. F. AV. Hutton.

Sandwich Islands : R. C. L. Perkins.

AFRICA.
Aloebia : John Anderson.
Tunisia : Joseph I. S. Whitaker.

Egypt : John Anderson ; S. S. Flower ; C. W. Andrews.
SOKOTBA : I. B. Balfour ; W. B. O. Grant and H. O. Forbes.
Somauland: E. Lort Phillips; Donaldson Smith; C. Y. A. Peel.
Bbitish East Afbica : F. J. Jackson ; C. Steuart Betton ; J. W. Gregory.
Nyasaland: Sir Harry Johnston (collected by A. Whyte); Dr. Percy

Rendall ; A. B. Percival.
Mashonaland : J. ff. Darling ; G. A. K. Marshall.
Transvaal ; W. L. Distant ; Dr. Percy Rendall ; J, P. Oregoe.
Orange River Colony : Capt G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton.
Natal: H. A. Spencer; G. A. K. Marshall ; G. P. Staunton; G. F. Loigh;

J. F. Quekett.
Cape Colony: H. A. Spencer; Dr. Schonland; A. N. Stenning; Dr. B.

Broom; W. F. Purcell ; Rev. J. Hull.
Tropical West Africa : Congo : G. L. Bates ; Old Calabar and Cameroons :

Miss Kingsley; Capt. Burton: Fantee: G. A. Higlett; Niger: Dr.

Crosse ; Sierra Leone : Surg.-( ?apt. Clements ; E. E. Austen.
Madagascar : Deans Cowan ; R. Baron.

AMERICA.

Various Localities in North and South America: Keyserling^s col-
lection.
United States : G. W. Peckham (^Attidm).
Te3las: William Taylor.
Central America : Godman and Salvln ; A. Duges.

Arachnidcu 663

Bahamas : J. L. Bonhote.

Lebseb Antilles ; West Indian Exploration Committee.

Tmnidad : T. Potter ; W. Ince ; J. H. Hart.

Dekeraba: J. J. Quelch; W. L. Sclater; P. Macconnell.

Ybnbzuela : Dr. Ernst.

Eouadob : P. O. Simons ; F. Rosenberg.

Brazil : Messrs. Siemens Bros. ; H. Ton Jbering and Micbaelis.

C. Chronological List of the Principal Acobssions.

1826.

In 1826, the Leach collection (see p. 676) was presented.

1835.

In 1835, the Hardwicke Bequest was received. The col-
lection, which contained a considerable number of specimens
from India, was incorporated without registration. The exact
localities assigned to certain specimens are known to be
erroneous.

1838.

In 1838, 34 dried specimens of British Arachnida of the
orders Aranese, Pseudoscorpiones, Opiliones and Acari were
presented by Mr. Francis Walker.

1839.

In 1839, 10 Arachnida, principally Spiders from Hondoras^
were purchased from Mr. Miller, and 3 specimens belonging to
the genera Mygdle, Eripus, and Ooniosoma from Brazil, were
purchased from Mr. Mornay.

1840.

In 1840, 34 dried Spiders from Natal and Cape Colony were
purchased from Dr. Krauss. One of these specimens was subse-
quently described as the type of Selenops krau88ti. Seventeen
Spiders from Lapland were presented by Mr. F. Walker.

184L

In 1841, 152 dried Arachnida, principally from North
America, and forming part of Mr. J. G. Children's collection,
were added to the Museum collection.

664 Zoology,

1842.

In 1842, 60 Arachnida from the Philippine Islands were
purchased from Mr. Cuming.

1843.

12 Arachnida from the Swan River, including specimens of
a then undescribed Scorpion (Urodcums novse-hollandise), were
presented by Dr. Richardson.

1846.

132 Arachnida from Colombia, containing the types and
co-types of the Scorpions and Opiliones from that country
described by Grervais, were purchased from M. Groudot.

1850, '51 and '54.

Three collections of British Spiders were purchased from
Mr. Walker. The first contained 250 species named by
Mr. Black wall, and mounted as microscopic preparations ; the
second, 40 species represented by dried specimens, also named
by Mr. Black wall; the tliird, 74 species named by Messrs.
Blackwall and Meade.

1863.

In 1863, the Rev. W. Kirby's collection, containing the types
of three species of Oonyleptea, and the Banks' collection, con-
taining some of the types of Fabricius's species, were presented
by the Entomological Society.

1873.

In this year the most important additions to the collection
were the burrows and representatives of three of the species
of the Trap-door Spiders, presented by Mr. J. Treheme Mog-
gridge and collected in the Riviera by the donor, which are
described and figured in the author's work, *^ Harvesting Ants
and Trap-door Spiders."

1876.

122 Arachnida, collected by Messrs. Gulliver and Slater,
attached to the '* Transit of Venus " expedition, in Rodriguez
and referred by Mr. A. G. Butler to 31 species, were presented
by the Royal Society. Several of the species in this collection

Arachnida. G65

were described as new by Mr. Butler in the " Annals and Maga-
zine of Nat. Hist." for 1875, and a full report upon the collection
was published in vol. clxviii. of the " Phil. Trans. R. Soc." The
Arachnida from Kerguelen, collected on this same expedition and
described by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge in the volume referred
to, were received and registered in 1879.

1881.

Number of accessions unrecorded.

The most important additions were : a series of 38 named
Spiders from Australia, containing the types or co-types of some
of the species described by Dr. L. Koch in " Die Arachniden
Australiens," purchased from the Grodeffroy Museum. Twenty-
two Arachnida from Sokotra, collected by Prof. I. B. Balfour
and presented by the British Association. Amongst these
Arachnida were specimens subsequently made the types of new
species by Mr. Pocock.

1882.

Accessions amounted to 389, of which the following were
the most important. A series of 214 Spiders collected in
Madagascar by the Rev. Dejins Cowan and purchased from that
gentleman. Some of the new species contained in this collection
were described by Mr. A. G. Butler in the " Annals and Maga-
zine of Nat. Hist.'' and the " Proc. Zool. Soc. " for that year.
40 Spiders, Scorpions, and Solifugse from Bushire and Karachi,
received in exchange from the Karachi Museum. A further
set of the co-t3rpes or types of 54 Australian Spiders described
by Ludwig Koch in " Die Arachniden Australiens " and
purchased from the GodefFroy Museum (see p. 674).

1885.

The tvccessions, including Myriopoda, amounted to 95. The
most important addition to the Arachnida was a collection of
39 Acari, Scorpions, Spiders and Solifugse from the Gambia,
presented by Sir Alfred (then Capt.) Maloney.

1887.

Accessions, 244.

Specimens referable to 22 species of Spiders, collected by
Mr. C. M. Woodford in the Solomon Islands, were purchased
from the collector and made the basis for a special report upon

666 Zoology.

the Arachnida of these islands, published by Mr. Pocock in the
**Ann. Ma*?. Nat. Hist." for 1898. 40 Spiders and Scorpions
mostly new to the collection and containing specimens sub-
sequently made the types of new species from Kilimanjaro ;
presented by Mr. F. J. Jackson.

1888.

Accessions, 1215.

148 Arachnida from S. Brazil were purchased from
Mr. MichaeHs. Specimens referable to 40 named species of
Spiders from Germany were purchased from Dr. Eger. 76 micro-
scopical shdes of British Orihatid^y containing the remainder of
the types and other specimens of this family upon which the
Monograph of the British Orihatidse was based, were presented
by Mr. A. D. Michael. Over 600 Spiders from Ootacamund
and the Nilgiri Hills were presented by Mr. G. F. Hampson.
Many of the species contained in this valuable series were
subsequently described by Mr. Pocock in 1 900.

1889.

Accessions, 1428.

A valuable named collection was received this year from
the Marquis G. Doria of the Genoa Museum (p. 673). A
set of 329 British Spiders belonging to 53 species, collected by
Messrs. (>. Thomas and R. I. Pocock, was presented by the
donors after being identified by Mr. C. Warburton. A collection
of about 500 Arachnida, mostly from Rio Grande do Sul and
identified by E. Keyserling, was purchased from the collector,
Dr. H. von Jhering.

1890.

Accessions, 10,766.

The large number of accessions for this year was due to the
purchase of the Keyserling collection (see p. 675). The rest of
the additions were of no great moment, apart from a series of
143 Arachnida collected and presented by Mr. H. A. Spencer,
containing a large number of species new to the collection, which
had previously received but little well-preserved and workable
material from South Africa.

1891.

Accessions, 560.

A further instalment of South African Spiders, consisting of
71 specimens, was presented by Mr. H. A. Spencer.

Arachnida. 667

58 specimens, representing 17 species of named Attidm from
North America, were presented by Mr. G. W. Peckham.
5 species of Arachnida from the Mergui Archipelago, including
specimens subsequently described as types ; presented by Dr. J.
Anderson.

1892.

Accessions, 351.

A collection of 89 Spiders from Madeira, including the types
of two new species presented by Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant and
identified by Mr. C. Warburton (" Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." 1892).
20 Scorpions from Cape Town, including a species new to the
collection ; presented by Mr. H. A. Spencer. A valuable series
of Arachnida, principally Scorpions, from Egypt ; collected and
presented by Dr. J. Anderson.

1893.

Accessions 469.

85 Scorpions, principally from Burma and Aden, containing
examples of new species; presented and mostly collected by
Mr. E. W. Gates. 22 Arachnida from Persia and Western India,
containing examples of new species ; purchased from Mr. F. Moore.
33 Arachnida from Masailand, containing several new species
collected and presented by Dr. J. W. Gregory; the Scorpions
were described by Mr. Pocock in the "Annals and Mag. Nat.
Hist." for June 1896. A collection of 38 Arachnida of various
orders, mostly from India, and containing specimens of several
new species which have been subsequently described, was pre-
sented by Mr. H. M. Phipson.

1894.

Accessions 876.

A further instalment of 62 Arachnida from Egypt ; pre-
sented by Dr. J. Anderson. 58 Arachnida, containing many
species new to the collection, from Southern India ; presented by
Dr. J. R. Henderson. 51 Arachnida collected in Guatemala
by Dr. Otto Stoll ; presented by the collector. 25 Arachnida
from Zomba, collected by Mr. A. Whyte and presented by Sir
Harry Johnston. The first instalment of the Spiders from
St. Vincent and the Scorpions and Pedipalpi from the Lesser
Antilles, were received from the West Indian Exploration
Committee (see p. 677).

668 Zoology.

1895.

Accessions 2302.

Mr. Oates's collection from Burma and the Andaman Islands
was presented by the collector (see p. 676). 58 Scorpions and
Solifugse from Aden, containing species new to science and to
the Museum ; presented by Col. Yerbury. 20 Arachnida from
Mashonaland ; presented and collected by Mr. G. A. K.
Marshall. 27 Arachnida from Somaliland, including new species
described by Mr. Pocock in 1896, were presented by the
collector, Mr. E. Lort Phillips.

1896.

The accessions were 2764.
1500 Arachnida from the Lower Amazons, collected by
Messrs. Austen and Cambridge during the expedition of Messrs.
Siemens Bros.' cable ss. " Faraday ^^ from Para to Manaos ; the
Scorpions and Pedipalpi were reported upon by Mr. Pocock
(" Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.," April 1897) and the Spiders of the
group Mygalomorphse and CtenidsB by Mr. F. Cambridge
(P.Z.S., 1896 and "Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.," January, 1897).
463 Scorpions from various parts of India, including many
new species procured principally through the instrumentality of
Mr. R. C. Wroughton and Mr. H. M. Phipson, were presented
by the Bombay Natural History Society. The collection of
Attidse from St. Vincent was presented by the West Indian
Exploration Committee (see p. 677). The types and specimens
of Max Weber's Scorpions were presented by Dr. Max Weber.

1897.

Accessions 2525.

431 Scorpions, Spiders, and Pedipalpi from Burma, including
the types of the species of Thelyphonus described by Mr. E. W.
Gates; presented by Mr. E. W. Gates (seep. 192). 140 Scorpions
and Spiders from the Nyika plateau, presented by Sir Harry
Johnston and reported upon, with other material from British
Central Africa, by Mr. Pocock (** Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." (7), iL,
1898). 275 Scorpions and Pedipalpi from India, including new
species of Stenochirus and Lahochirus, presented by the Bombay
Natural History Society. 1 46 Arachnida, mostly Scorpions and
Spiders, including specimens of many new species described by
Mr. Pocock in P.Z.S. for 1898; collected and presented by
Mr. C. Steuart Betton. 77 Scorpions, Spiders, and Solpugas

Arachnid a. 669

from Somaliland, including the types of 17 species described by
Messrs. Pocock and Simon in "Through Unknown African
Countries " : presented by Dr. Donaldson Smith. Also in this
year were received Dr. Kiikenthal's collection (see p. 675) and
a further series of Spiders from St. Vincent, presented by the
West Indian Exploration Committee (see p. 677), and the Spiders
of the Horn Expedition (see p. 674).

1898.

Accessions 2199.

80 Arachnida from Trinidad, including specimens of many
undescribed species, were presented by Mr. Walter Ince; this
collection formed the basis for a paper upon the Trinidad Spiders
in the British Museum, by Mr. F. Cambridge (P.Z.S., 1898).
The first instalment of the Grodman and Salvin collection of
Central American Arachnida, consisting of 115 specimens,
including many types of Mygalomorphee (see p. 674). 53 Arach-
nida collected by Mr. Simon in Ecuador, including specimens of
several new Scorpions and Spiders, many of which have been
subsequently described. A further series of Indian Spiders,
presented by the Bombay Natural History Society. A collection
of 105 Arachnida collected by Mr. C. W. Andrews in Christmas
Island and described in the " Monograph of Christmas Island,"
published by the Trustees, was presented by Sir J. Murray,
K.C.B., F.R.S. A collection of 67 Arachnida from New Britain,
including the types and other species described in Dr. A. Willey's
"Zoological Results," was presented by Dr. A. Willey. 193
Arachnida, collected by Mr. G. L. Bates on the Benito River,
and including the species described by Mr. Pocock in P.Z.S.,
1899, were purchased from the collector.

1899.

Accessions 3111.

Amongst these was a fine series, consisting of nearly 200
Scorpions and Spiders collected by Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant and
Dr. H. O. Forbes, by means of a grant from the Royal Society,
in the islands of Abd-el-Kuri and Sokotra. Extensive and
valuable collections, adding largely to our knowledge of African
Arachnida, were also received — to wit, 116 specimens collected
by Mr. J. ff. Darling in Rhodesia ; 102 specimens from the same
country, collected by Mr. Guy Marshall; 150 Spiders from the
Benito River, procured by Mr. G. L. Bates; and 130 Spiders

670 Zoology.

and Scorpions sent from Grahamstown by Dr. Schonland. From
India also very important accessions were received, namely,
940 Scorpions, Spiders, &c., principally from the Bombay
Presidency, presented per Messrs. H. M. Phipson and R. C.
Wroughton by the members of the Bombay Nat. Hist. Society ;
104 from Travancore, presented by Mr. Harold Ferguson ; and
98 specimens from the Persian Gulf, Baluchistan, d^., presented
by Mr. F. W. Town send. Valuable though less extensive col-
lections procured by Mr. F. Gleadow in the Himalayas and
Mr. E. K Green in Ceylon were also received.

1900.

The accessions amounted to 994, of which the most important
was a collection of 103 Spiders and Scorpions, including several
new and rare species, collected by Mr. P. O. Simons in Peru and
Ecuador ; the Arachnida, including examples of several new and
subsequently described species collected by Mr. C. V. A. Peel in
Somaliland.

1901.

2187 specimens were added to the collection during this year.
The most noteworthy accessions were : — 200 Spiders from
Mauritius; 194 specimens from Cape Colony, including new species
of Acanthodan and Harpactira, presented by Dr. Schonland;
65 Arachnida from Cape Town, including four new species of
Hermtichastes, Aranea, Agelena, and Lycosa, presented by the
Rev. J. Hull; 280 Scorpions and Spiders collected in Cape
Colony by Miss Leppan, including many new species ; 45 Spiders
and Scorpions from Pearston, Cape Colony, presented by
Dr. R. Broom ; 200 Spiders from New Zealand, presented by
Prof. F. W. Hutton ; 533 Spiders from Central America, the
representatives of the families ScytodidsB, Filistatidse, Dysderidse
Clubionidse, Sparaasidse, Draasidse, Anyphcenidee, and ThamisidsB,
determined and described by Mr. F. O. Pickard Cambridge in
vol. ii of the Araneidea of the " Biologia Central i- Americana " ;
presented by F. Du Cane Godman, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S.

1902.

Accessions, 1798.

A collection of 300 Spiders and Opiliones from Natal,
including many rarities and some new species, presented by
G. F. Leigh, Esq. ; 100 Spiders from Natal, including examples

Arachnida. 671

of many new species, presented by J. F. Quekett, Esq. ; 130
Arachnida from the Congo, 150 specimens from Madagascar, and
200 from South America, purchased ; 150 Spiders from Beira,
Natal, and East London, including several new species and
others new to the collection, also 64 Spiders from Kolar,
Jalarpat, and Bangalore, presented by G. P. Staunton, Esq. ; 60
Arachnida from Vredefort Road, in the Orange River Colony,
presented by Capt. G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton.

1903.

Accessions, 2753.

The Arachnida (379 specimens) collected during the
** Challenger " expedition, including many new and rare species,
were received from the Rev. O. P. Cambridge. 34 Spiders from
South Arabia, collected by Mr. G. W. Bury, 90 Spiders from
the Peloponnesus, 70 Arachnida from Cyprus, collected by
Miss D. M. A. Bate, and 228 specimens from the Cameroons and
Congo; purchased. 150 Arachnida from Natal, presented by
J. F. Quekett, Esq. ; 130 Spiders from Natal and the Transvaal,
presented by J. P. Cregoe, Esq., and some minor acquisitions.

1904.

Accessions, 980.

The most important additions were : — 20 Arachnida from
the Congo, presented by Drs. Christy, Dutton, and Todd, of the
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; 70 specimens from
Fernando Po, presented by the Fernando Po Exploration
Committee ; 160 Arachnida from North Angola, collected by
Dr. W. J. Ansorge, purchased ; 30 specimens from Zululand and
Namaqualand, presented by C. W. Rudd, Esq. ; and 559 Arach-
nida, including all the types described in the ''Fauna
Hawaiiensis" of the species collected by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins
in the Sandwich Islands, presented by a Joint Committee of the
Royal Society and the British Association.

Alphabetical List op the Principal Contributors to
THE Collection op Arachnida.

Abbot (John).

J. Francillon's copy of Abbot's drawirjgs contains figures of species of
North American Spiders, which agree so closely with the descriptions
and references published in Walckenaefs '^Histoire Naturelle des

672 Zoology.

Insectes ; Apt^reB," as to leave little doubt that it was this series of figures
that Walckenaer had before him. These figures, therefore, may be
regarded as the types of the species.

Admiralty^ Lords of.

From 1891-1895, some valuable Arachnida, collected by Messrs. J. J.
Walker, B.N., and P. W. Basse tt-Smith, Surgeon K.N., in Australia,
China, the Solomon Islands, etc., were presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty.

Anderson (John). [1837-1900].

From 1890-1895, Dr. Anderson presented a valuable series of Algerian,
Egyptian, and Arabian Scorpions and Solpugas, also the Arabian specim«ns
were collected on Mr. Theodore Bent's expedition to the Hadramaut.
A Report upon the latter, in which the Egyptian species were also
enumerated and discussed, was published by Pocock in '* Joum. Linn.
SocZoul.'' XXV. 1895.

See also Indian Museum.

Ausserer (Anton).
See Retserlikg.

Banks (5tr Joseph). [1743-1820.]

This collection, presented to the Trustees by the Linnean Society in
1863, contains one drawer of dried Arachnida, amongst which are a few
of the types described by Fabricius in the ** Systema Entomologica.'*
These specimens are not incorporated with the rest of the Museum
material, but remain, with the Insects, in the Banksian cabinets in the
Entomological Department.

Bankok^ the Royal Museum.

A series of Siamese Arachnida, collected by Captain S. S. Flower, was,
through the instrumentality of the collector, then Superintendent of the
Museum, received in exchange in 1897-1898.

Bates (G. L.).

In 1898, Mr. Bates sent the first of a most valuable series of Arachnida
from the Benito River on the Congo {See " Proc. Zool. Soc.," 1899). This
and subsequent collections contained many new and interesting species,
and added largely to our knowledge of West African Arachnida.

Betton (G. Steuabt).

In 1897, Mr. Betton presented the first instalment of Arachnida
collected by himself during the laying of the railway from Mombasa to
Uganda. A report describing the new species appeared in the ** Proc.
Zool. Soc." for 1898. Additional material was received in ensuing years.

Bombay Natural History Society.

At various times from 1893 to 1900 over 1700 specimens of Indian
Arachnida of the orders Scorpiones, Pedipalpi, Araneae, and Solifugse, were
presented through the instrumentality of Messrs. R. C. Wroughton and
H. M. Phipson. These collections, which, with exception of some of the
Aranese, were reported upon by Mr. Pocock in the Aradmida of the
Fauna of British India, contained a large number of new and interesting
forms, and added greatly to our knowledge of the Arachnid fauna of
Hindostan.

Arachnida. 673

" Challenger " Expedition.

379 specimens collected by this expedition were received from the
Kev. 0. P. Cambridge in 1903. They include examples of many rare
and new species.

Cowan {The Bev, William Deans).

A series of 214 Spiders from Madagascar, many of which were
described by Mr. Butler as new, was purchased in 1882 from the
collector.

Darling (James ffolliott).

In 1897 and 1899, Mr. Darling presented a large number of Arachnida
containing many new or otherwise interesting species collected by himself
at Umtali, Mazoe, Salisbury and Enkeldoom in Mashonaland.

Distant (William Lucas). [1845- ]

A series of Arachnida from the Transvaal, presented by Mr. Distant
in 1898, and described by Mr. Pocock in ** Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.*' for that
year, was the first collection of any extent received from that part of
South Africa,

Doria {The Marquis Giacomo). [1840- ]

In 1889, the Marquis Giacomo Doria, Director of the Civic Museum of
Natural History at Genoa, presented, through Mr. 0. Thomas, a valuable
collection of Arachnida, containing about 360 specimens and 188 species
which had been collected in Europe, Tunis, Abyssinia, Aden, Burma,
Amboina, Celebes, etc., by Doria himself, or by collectors in his employ.
The species had been named by P. Pavesi, E. Simon, and T. Thorell, and
the co-types of many were contained in the coUection.

Everett (Alfred Hast). [ -1898]

Collections of Arachnida from Borneo, Palawan, Celebes, etc., received
b3tween 1894 and 1897, contained specimens from localities not previously
represented in the Museum, as well as examples of new species.

Fabricius (Johann Christian). [1745-1808]
See Banks.

Ferguson (Harold).

During 1899, Mr. Ferguson sent several instalments of Arachnida of
various orders from Travancore in South India.

Flower {Capt, Stanley S.).

From 1895 to 1898, Captain Flower presented several instalments of
Arachnida, containing new and rare species, collected by himself in the
Malay Peninsula. Since 1893 he has also added coDsiderably to the
series of Egyptian Arachnida in the collection. [See also under Bankok,
the Royal Museum.]

Gervais (Francois Louis Paul). [1816-1879]

See Keyberlinq and Goudot.
Gleadow (F.).

In 1899, a series of Arachnida from the Himalayas, containing
examples of species new both to science and to the Museum, was presented
by Mr. F. Gleadow.

VOL. IL 2 X

674 Zoology.

Qodeff^y Museum.

In 1881 and 1882, the Trustees purchased from the Godeffroy Museum,
Hamburg, a series of Australian Spiders, which had been named by Dr.
Ludwig Koch, and are mentioned in that author's classic work, *'Die
Arachniden Australiens." Some of these specimens are the types, and
some only the co-types, of the species therein described.

Qodman (F. du Cane) [1834- ] and Salvin (Osbert)

[1835-1898]
In 1898, Mr. F. D. Godman presented the first instalment of the
Central American Arachnida, the account of which is in course of
publication in the '* Biologia Gentrali-Americana.*' This instalment con-
sisted of the Mygalomorpbas, represented by 115 specimens, amongst
which were the types and other examples of the species identified and
described by the Rev. 0. P. Cambridge and Mr. F. Cambridge. A second
collection, containing 533 Arachnida, including specimens of the families
Scytodidas, Filistatidse, Dysderidas, Clubionidse, Sparassidas, Drassidas,
AnyphoBuidaa and Thomisida^, was jpresented by Mr. Godman in 1901.
This series was described by Mr. F. 0. Pickard Cambridge.

Qoudot (Justin).

In 1846, the Trustees purchased from M. Goudot a series of Arach-
nida from Colombia, containing the types or co-types of the Scorpions
and Opiliones, collected in that country by Mr. Goudot and described by
Paul Gervais in vol. iii. of the " Hist. Nat. des Insectes ; Apt^res."

Qrant (William Robert Ogilvik). [1863- ]

From 1891 to 1899, Mr. Grant has collected for and presented to the
Museum a lai^e number of Spiders. Apart from a few specimens from
various parts of Great Britain, his most important contributions are his
collections from Madeira and the Salvage Islands and the series procured
in Sokotra in conjunction with Dr. H. 0. Forbes.

Qreen (E. Ebkest).

In 1890, 1895, 1899, Mr. Green enriched the collection by valuable
donations of Spiders, Scorpions, etc., from Ceylon.

Guerin-Meneville.

See K£Y6£BLINO.

Hampson (George Francis, Bart,). [1860- ]

In 1888, 1889, Sir George Hami^on presented about 700 Spiders,
several of them new or rare species which were collected by himself in the
Nilgiri Hills and at Ootacamimd in S. India.

Hogg (Henry Roughton).
See Horn.

Horn (William Austin).

12 Spiders belonging to 9 species, collected on Mr. W. A. Horn's
expedition to Central Australia, and containing some of the co-types of
the species described by Mr. H. K. Hog^ in the report upon this
exi>edition, were presented by Mr. W. A. Horn in 1897.

Arachnida. 675

Hose (Chablbs).

From 1891-1898, the Museum procured from Mr. C. Hose instalments
of Aracbnida from Borneo, including many species new to the collection.

Ihering (Hermann von). [1850- ]

In 1889, a collection from Rio Grande do Sul, consisting of about 500
specimens, named by Eeyserling, was purchased from the collector.

Jayakar (Dr. A. G.).

From 1891-1894, Dr. Jayakar collected and presented to the Museum
the first series of Arachnida received from Muscat.

Keyserling (Graf Eugen). [1833-1889]

Keyserling's collection of Arachnida, composed of nearly 10,000
specimens referable to over 2000 identified species, was purchased by the
Inistees in 1890 and was incorporated in the general collection. With
exception of the Acari and Podogona, all orders of Arachnida are repre-
sented. In addition to a large number of named species from various
localities, the collection contains the types of the new species of Spiders
described by Keyserling in the following works: —

1. Die Spinnen Amerikas : Laterigradie. By E. Keyserling. 1880.

2. „ „ TheridiidsB. Bv E. Key8erlinfl^ 1884-86.

3. „ „ Brasilianiflche Spinnen. By B. Keyserling.

1891. Completed and Edited by Dr.
George Marx.

4. „ „ EpeiridaB. By E. Keyeerline. 1892-93.

Completed and Edited by Dr. George Marx.

5. Die Arachniden Australiens. By L. Koch andE. Keyserling. 1888-89.

There are also in the collection the types of the species of Mygalo-
morphaB belonging to Keyserling, which Dr. Anton Ausserer established
(** Verb, zool.-bot. Ges.," Wien, 1879) ; some of Dr. Ludwig Koch's types
from Australia and elsewhere; the types of some of the species of
Scorpiones and Pseudoscorpiones described in '* Die Arachniden Austral.,**
1886, by L. Koch and E. Keyserling, and of the Opiliones described by
W. Sorensen in the same work ; also a few types of species established
by Gervais, Gu^rin-Meneville and Lucas. Lastly, amongst the Neo-
tropical Opiliones, which were named by W. Sorensen, many new species
are indicated. It does not appear, however, that the descriptions of the
latter have yet been published.

Kirby (Bev, William). [1759-1850]

Mr. Kirby 's collection of Insects, presented by the Entomologies
Society in 1863, contained the types, now incorporated, of three species
of Opiliones described in " Tr. Linn. Soc.," xii., 1818.

Koch (Ludwig). [1825- ]

See GoDEFFROY Museum and Keyserling.

Kiikenthal (Dr. William).

In 1897, Dr. W. Kiikenthal presented a collection of 67 species of
Spiders, represented by 142 specimens, collected in the East Indies by the
donor and named by Mr. Pocock in "Abb. Senckenberg., Ges.," xxiii.,
1897. The collection contained the types of the new species described
in the report.

2x2

676 Zoology.

Leach (William Elfobd). [1790-1886]

Dr. Leach's collectioQ, which contained the types and other specimens
of the species of Pseudoscorpiones and Ixodes, descrihed in the " Trans.
Linn. Soc.," xi. and " ZooL Misc./' iii., 1817, as well as several pinned
examples of British Spiders and Opiliones and Acari, of no special value,
was presented to the Trustees in 1826.

Lort PhUUps (E.).

In 1895, Mr. Lort Phillips presented a collection of Arachnida from
Somaliland, which, apart from the new forms it contained, is of interest
as being the first series of Arachnida received from that country.

Marshall (Guy A. K).

In 1894 and succeeding years, Mr. Marshall collected for the British
Museum a valuable series of Arachnida, including many previously
undeecribed species, in Natal and Mashonaland. T^e collections have
been named, and for the most part reported upon.

Oates (Eugene William). [1845- ]

In 1889, Mr. Oates presented a collection of over 100 Scorpiones and
Pedipalpi from Burma, amongst which were the types and other specimens
of the species described by him in the*' Journal of the Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc.," iii., 1888. The rest of Mr. Oates's material of Scorpiones and
Pedipalpi, including the types of his species of 7^^Aonu2«, described in
the *' Joum. Asiatic Soc.," Bengal, Iviii., 1889, was handed over to the
Trustees in 1897. Mr. Oates's collection of Burmese Spiders was pre>
sented to the British Museum with the request tliat it should be sent to
Dr. Thorell for determination. The descriptive catalogue of the collec-
tion was published by the Trustees in 1895. The collection, which
contained about 1100 specimens, referable to 310 species, and a large
number of types, was incorporated in the general collection in 1895.
In this year the Museum also received from Mr. Oates his collection of
Spiders from the Andaman Islands, which was reported upon by Thorell
in " Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist" (6), ix., 1892.

Peokham (George W.).

See West Indian Exploration Committee.

Ridley (Hbnby N.).

Since 1890, Mr. Ridley has from time to time sent valuable and
extensive collections of Arachnida from Singapore.

Sandwich Islands Committee.

In 1904 the collection of Arachnida made in the Sandwich Islands by
Mr. K. C. L. Perkins was presented by the Joint Committee of the Royal
Society and the British Association. It consists of 559 specimens,
reported upon by Mons. E. Simon in the " Fauna Hawaiiensis."

Schonland (Dr.).

In 1899, Dr. Scbonland presented to the Museum the first of a very
valuable series of Arachnida from Grahamstown in Cape Colony.

Siemens (Messrs,),

In 1897, the Arachnida collected on the Amazons by Messrs. E. E.
Austen and F. 0. P. Cambridge during the laying of the cable by the

Arachnida. 677

SS. " Faraday^ were presentetl by Messrs. Siemens. This was the first
collection of any extent and in a proper state of preservation that the
Museum had received from Brazil.

Simon (EugAxe). [ -1818]

See West Indian Exploration Committee and Dobia.

Simons (P. O.). [ -1902]

In 1900, the Museum received from Mr. Simons the first of a series
of Andean Arachnida collected in Ecuador and Peru. This collection
coDtained many new and rare species.

Sorensen (William).
See Rktserlino.

Spencer (Henry Alexander). [1862- ]

From 1890-1897, Mr. H. A. Spencer presented collections of Arachnida
from Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, King Williamstown, East London and
Durban. These collections contained the first properly preserved material
of any extent that the Museum had received from South Africa.

Staunton (George P.).

In 1899, Mr. G. P. Staunton sent the first of a series of collections of
Spiders from Bangalore and Madras. In 1902 he sent 64 additional
specimens.

Thomas (Oldfield).

From 1889-1897, Mr. Thomas collected and presented to the Museum
a large number of Spiders from England and various places on the
Continent ; also from La Plata. It was through his mstrumentality also
that the valuable collection of identified species from the Genoa Museum
was presented by the Marquis G. Doria.

Thorell (Tord Tamerlan Theodor). [1830-1901]
See Gates and Doria.

Townsend (F. W.).

In 1899-1900, Mr. F. W. Townsend presented several instalments of
Arachnida collected by himself in the Punjab, Baluchistan, and Persia,
adding many new forms to the collection from a region which was poorly
represented in the Museum.

Walokenaer (Charles Athanase, Baron). [1771-1852]
See Abbot.

West Indian Exploration Committee.

The Arachnida collected in the Lesser Antilles by Ramage, Sherring,
Smith, and others, under the direction of the West Indian Exploration
Committee, were presented to the British Museum at various dates
between 1889 and 1897. The first instalment was a small series from
Dominica and St. Lucia received in 1889. In 1894, the Spiders of the
families AvicuJariida, Filistatida, Ulohoridm, Dysderidtti, Oonopidm,
Caponiidx, Scytodida, and Pholddx, which had been worked out by
M. Eugene Simon, and described in the ** Proc. Zool. Soc." for 1891 and
1894 ; and the Scorpions and Pedipalpi, described by R. I. Pocuck in
the "Journ. Linn. Soc." xxiv., were received and incorporated. The

678 Zoology.

Spiders of the families Clubionidx, Tkomtsidxy Lycosidm, Argiopidm^
etc., completiDg the series, were received from M. Simon in 1897.

Whitehead (John).

From 1894-1896, series of Araclinida collected by Mr. J. Whitehead
in the Philippines were presented by the subscribers to the "Whitehead
Expedition. These collections were almost the first properly preserved
material received by the Museum from the Philippines.

Yerbury {Col. J. W.).

From time to time since 1892, Colonel Yerbury has collected and
presented to the Museum a large number of Arachnida from Ceylon
and a valuable collection of Scorpions from Aden and the neighbourhood.
He has also added to the collection of European Arachnida by donations
of specimens from Corsica, Portugal, and different parts of the British
Islands.

II. Order XIPHOSURA.

The curatorial history of the King-Crabs is the same as that
of the Crustacea down to 1893, when the care of them was
transferred to the assistant in charge of the Arachnida.

The earliest specimens received by the Museum belonged to
Dr. Leach's collection, which was acquired by the Trustees in
1826. These were entered in the first volume of the MS.
catalogue of Crustacea (pp. 1-3). The date of this catalogue is
unknown ; but since the specimens of Limulus belonging to the
Hardwicke Bequest, which was received in 1835, were entered on
p. 3 in the same handwriting as that in which Leach's specimens
were entered, it is evident that the date of the commencement of
this catalogue cannot be earlier than 1835. This handwriting
appears to be that of J. E. Gray, or of an attendant, S. Parrell.
Subsequent accessions were entered by the same band, with
additions by Adam White, on pp. 535-536, in the second
volume, and on pp. 1031-1033 in the third volume. A MS.
hand-list of the specimens contained in the collection was com-
piled by the last-named author. The date of this is uncertain,
but since it contains an entry of specimens received from Edward
Blyth in 1846, it cannot be earlier than that year.

From 1838 to 1876 accessions were recorded in the " Insect "
Register, together with the rest of the Arthropoda ; from 1876
to 1893 in the Register set apart for Crustacea, and from 1893 to
1900 in the Register of Arachnida and Myriopoda.

Arachnida. 679

The first mention in literature of the British Museum collec-
tion of Limulus was apparently made by Leach in 1819, when in
the " Diet. Sci. Nat.," vol. xiv., he described a species L. iriden-
tatu8, from an unlocalised specimen in the British Museum. In
1847, in the list of ** Specimens of Crustacea in the collection of
the British Museum," published by the Trustees, Adam White
compiled a complete synonymical hand-list of the known species
all of which were then represented in the Museum.

Chronological List op the Principal Accessions.

1826.

Leach's coUection contained, according to the old register,
three specimens from North America, one of which was the type
of L. sowerhii, Leach ; also a specimen from Florida, sent to Dr.
Leach by Thos. Say, as the type of Limulus australisy Say ; and
an unlocalised specimen named in the old register Limulus
latreilleif Leach. The types of L, australis and L, latreillei are
not now traceable; that of X. sowerhii is still in the Museum
cabinets. The type of L, viacleaii, which Leach in 1819 declared
to be in his collection, is also untraceable, and there is no
mention in the old MS. catalogues of 1846 and earlier, nor in
the published catalogue of 1847, of the type of L. tridentaiuSy
which Leach himself declared to be in the Museum in 1819.

1835.

The Hardwicke Bequest contained three specimens in spirit,
and one dried specimen of Limulus roiundicauda, ticketed Bengal
and the East Indies.

1844-1846.

In 1844, two specimens of L, triderUaius from Japan were
received from the Ley den Museum, and in 1846 three specimens
of Limulus roiundicauda from the East Indies, presented by
Edwai-d Blyth, Esq. ; two specimens of L, moluccanus from
Singapore, presented by the Earl of Derby, and one from Torres
Straits presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq.

680 Zoology.

1879-1884.

A specimen of L. rotundicauda, collected by Dr. Cantor in
Penang, was transferred from the Indian Museum in 1879 ; in
1880, a specimen of the same species and one of L, moluccaniiSy
collected by Dr. P. Bleeker, were purchased, and in 1884 two
examples of L. iridentatus from Swatow in China were received
from the Commissioner of the Chinese Court of the Fisheries
Exhibition of 1883.

1897.

Three examples of L, iridentatus from Kudat in British
North Borneo were presented by G. W. Johnstone, Esq. Also
two examples of L. iridentatus from Kudat, three of L. moluccaniis
from Brunei and the Gulf of Siam, and two of L. rotundicauda
from the Gulf of Siam, collected by Capt. S. S. Flower, were
received in exchange from the Royal Museum, Bankok.

III. Order PYCNOGONIDA.

The Marine Arachnida of this order were formerly attached
to the collection of Crustacea, and until 1893 were in the
charge of the same curators and entered in the same registers
as the Crustacea. In 1893 they were transferred, with the
Xiphosura, to the care of the assistant responsible for the
Arachnida. Scarcely any special attention in the way of
systematic descriptive work has ever been paid to this group.
Beyond the registration and provisional determination of acces-
sions it has been impossible to give time to working it up.
Consequently at the present time the collection is hardly up to
the standard of excellence attained by that of some continental
museums, although the material obtained on the " Challenger "
expedition is of exceptional value. Previous to the arrival of
this collection, the Museum material had been determined by
Mr. Adam White and Mr. E. J. Miers, both of whom established
a few new species. Since that date all the identified material
has been received from external sources, principally from the
Museums of Christiania and Copenhagen and from the Norman
collection.

Arachnida. 681

List op the Collections containing Type-Specimens at
the time of their acquisition.

Leach (William Elpord). [1790-18361

Dr. LeachV collection, received in 1826, contained the types oiAmmothea
carclinemisy Nymphon gracUey and N, feinoratum, described in " Zool.
Misc." I., pp. 33 and 45, 1814.

Qoodsir (Harry D. S.).

In 1844, Mr. Goodsir presented the type-8|)ecimen of Nymphon
johnsfoni. Good., together with a number of Crustacea from the Firth
of Forth.

Jeflfreys (John Gwyn). [1809-1 885 J

In 1873, Mr. Gwyn Jeflfreys presented the type of Farazetes
auchenicm, Slater, which was collected oflf the coast of Japan by Capt.
St. John.

" Challenger."

The Pycnogonida oi* the " Challenger,'^ presented by the Lords Com-
missioners of the Treasury in 1881 and identified by Dr. P. P. C.
Uoek, contained about 120 specimens belonging to 36 species, of which
33 were described as new and 3 as the types of new genera. The
arrival of this valuable collection more than doubled the number of
specimens contained in the Museum. A few s))ecimens, containing the
types of new species, which were apparently retained by Dr. Hoek for
further research, were not received until 1898.

Haddon (Prof. Alfred Cort). [1855- ]

In 1892, the Museum received from Prof. Haddon the types of
Hhopaloi'hynchus clavipes, Parapallene lutddoni and Ascorhynchus
ienuirostriSf collected in Torres Strait, and identified by G. H. Carpenter
(see " Proc. R. Dubl. Soc," vii., 1892).

Chronological List op the Principal Accessions.

1842.

Amongst a series of Crustacea collected in the South Seas by
Capt. Sir E. Belcher (H.M.S. « Sulphur ") and presented to the
Museum in 1842, were two examples of Pycnogonida, which Adam
White described as Nymphon phasma and N, johnstonianum (see
"Proc. Zool. Soc.," 1847, p. 125).

682 Zoology.

1874.

15 specimens of Nymphon from Spitzbergen ; presented by
the Rev. A. E. Eaton.

1876-1878.

3 specimens formilig the basis for Mr. Miers's description of
Nymphon gracilipes and Tanystylum styligeruniy collected by the
Rev. A. E. Eaton on the *' Transit of Venus" Expedition to
Kerguelen, were presented by the Royal Society in 1876 (see
"Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." (4), xxL, p. 76, 1875, and "Phil.
Trans.," clx\aii., pp. 200-214). In 1877-1878, with the Crustacea
collected on the Arctic Expedition by Mr. H. C. Hart and
Capt. Feilden, were received 28 specimens of the genus Nymphon,
of which one species was described by E. J. Miers as N, chtusi-
digitaium (see "Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." (4), xx., p. 108, 1877);
presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury.

1881.

In addition to the " Challenger" collection, which was received
in this year (see p. 681), six specimens of Nymphon siromii and
curtipes, were presented by Dr. P. P. C. Hoek. Dr. Hoek also
despatched to the Museum the Pycnogonida dredged by the
" Knight-Errant " in the Faroe Channel, a report of which was
published on pp. 94-99 of the report on the Pycnogonida of the
" Challenger.'' The collection contained 81 specimens referable
to species of Nymphon, Collossendeis cuid Pycnogonum,

1890-1892.

In 1890, 80 specimens referable to 13 named species from
the coasts of Norway, Spitzbergen, and Jan Mayen, were received
in exchange from the Christiania Museum.

In 1891, 9 specimens referable to 6 species of Nymphon from
the Kara Sea, identified by Dr. H. J. Hansen, were received in
exchange from the Copenhagen Museum. In 1892, 10 specimens,
still unnamed, collected by P. Bassett Smith, Esq., Surg. R.N.,
on the Holothuria Bank, were presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty.

1898-1899.

1 20 specimens belonging to six species of Nymphon and Pycno-
gonum from the Faroe Channel and Trondhjem Fiord, were

Arachnida. 683

purchased from the Rev. Canon Norman in 1898. In the same
year, 120 specimens referable to 10 species obtained by the
" Challenger," " Triton," and ''Knight-Errant," expeditions, which
Dr. P. P. C. Hoek had not previously returned to the Museum,
were received from him. Amongst them were the types of four
species of ''Challenger" material not mentioned in the official
report. In 1899, 8 specimens belonging to 6 species determined
by Mr. W. S. Bruce and collected by him in Franz Josef Land
on the Harmsworth-Jackson Expedition, were presented by
Mr. Alfred Harmsworth.

i

I

8. MYRIOPODA.
By R. I. POCOCK.

A. List of the Officers more or less oonnbcted with the
Collection of Myriopoda.

Date of
Appoint-
ment.

ASSISTANTS.

Date of
Appoint-
ment.

Keepers.

Date of
Appoint-
ment.

Assistant
Keepers.

1813

AV. E. Leach.

1824

J. E. Gmy.

J. E. Gray.

1875

Dr. A. Giinther.

1872

Dr. A. Giinther.

1835
1863
1885

Adam White.
A. G. Butler.
R. I. Pocock.

1895
1898

Sir W. H. Flower,

KC.B.
Prof. E. Ray Lan-

kester.

1879
1895

A. G. Butler.

E. A. Smith,
l.S.0.

B. Curatorial Work, Registration and Catalogues.

The numerical registration of accessions to the collection of
Myriopoda was instituted at some date after 1826, when Dr.
Leach's collection was presented. The first entry in the old
undated register of Aptera is the name of one of the species
described by Thomas Say, who sent his types to Dr. Leach. It
is impossible to say over how many years this register extended ;
but, apart from the species belonging to Leach's collection, only
ten Myriopoda were entered in it. In 1838 dated registration
of the Arthropoda began, the Crustacea, Arachnida, Myriopoda,
and Insecta all being included in one volume. Since 1889 the
Myriopoda, with the Arachnida, have been entered in a separate
register.

The collection of Myriopoda became of historical importance

686 Zoology.

when, in 1844, the Trustees published a biographical and
sjnonymical list of the specimens contained in the Museum
at that time. This list was apparently compiled by George
Newport, although edited and prefaced by Dr. J. E. Gray.
The collection was composed of representatives of 94 species
of Chilopoda and 75 of Diplopoda, amongst which were the
type-specimens of the species described by Dr. Leach in the
"Zoological Miscellany" (1817) and elsewhere; of the North
American species described by T. Say, and of the species
established by Dr. J. E. Gray in Griffith's " Animal Kingdom,"
xiv., 1832. The numerous species instituted by Newport
himself during the preparation of this list were described in
vol. xiii. of the " Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.," and in vol. xix. of the
" Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.," 1845 ; the paper contained in the
last-named publication being Newport's classical monograph of
the Chilopoda.

This list was followed in 1856 by a descriptive catalogue
of the collection, which was unfortunately never finished owing
to Newport's death. It contained a complete list of the
described species of Chilopoda, with diagnoses of the greater
number available for examination. The numbers of species
represented in the collection amounted at that time to 106,
showing an increase of twelve species in the twelve years that
had elapsed since the issue of the synonymical list in 1844.

The Diplopoda were omitted from this volume, and the
preliminary diagnoses of the species published by Newport in
1844 were never subsequently issued in completer form.

From 1856 to about 1870 no time or attention was given to
this group. It appears to have been placed in Mr. Butler's
charge on his appointment in 1863. Mr. Butler's first paper,
dealing with the Zephroniidae or Pill-Millipedes, was published
in 1873. Hence it is probable that he arranged the dried
collection of Myriopoda, in the cabinets in which they are now
stored, in about the year 1870. From 1870 to 1882 Mr. Butler
issued a few papers upon Myriopoda, most of them treating of
accessions to the collection of Pill-Millipedes. He described,
as well, however, some species from Duke of York Island,
Madagascar, and Rodriguez ; those from the latter locality being
collected by Messrs. Gulliver and Slater during the " Transit of
Venus" Expedition.

Since 1886 the collections which have added most largely to
the value of the Myriopod material in the British Museum, and

Myriopoda. 687

which by the published reports have contributed most extensively
to our knowledge of the classification and distribution of this
group, are those mentioned under heading D. (p. 695), as collected
by Mr. E. Thurston in South India ; by Mr. E. E. Green in
Ceylon ; by Mr. E. W. Oates, Dr. Anderson and Sig. L. Fea in
Burma ; by Dr. Max Weber in the Dutch East Indies ; by the
collectors employed by Messrs. F. D. Godman and O. Salvin in
Central America, and by the West Indian Exploration Committee
in the Lesser Antilles.

In 1886 the Myriopoda were placed in Mr. Pocock's charge.
In the following year a MS. catalogue of all the described
species was commenced, and the accumulated material in the
Museum and the incoming accessions were in subsequent years
gradually worked out, the catalogue at the same time being
completed and all the specimens represented in the collection
entered in it under their appropriate specific headings.

The four orders of Myriopoda — namely, the Chilopoda, Diplo-
poda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda — have the same history from the
point of view of registration, determination and catalogue work.

The Pauropoda and Symphyla, especially the former, are so
poorly represented in the collection as to require merely a passing
notice.

Of the Diplopoda and Chilopoda, the latter have received
the larger share of curatorial attention, and have twice been
completely worked out, first of all by Newport in 1844 and
secondly by Pocock in 1886 and subsequent years. As compared
with the material in other museums, all the families are fairly
well represented from tne various countries enumerated below
(p. 688). This is especially true of the Scohpendridse, Scuti-
geridse and Lithohiidse ; less so of the burrowing Oeaphilidse^
which escape the notice of collectors. Of the Graterostigmidse,
the British Museum possesses the only two specimens known,
which were collected in Tasmania by Mr. G. M. Thomson.

The collection of Diplopoda is less complete than that of the
Chilopoda, although the series of Pill-MiUipedes is unique for
the numbers of species and type -specimens. From only a few
extra-European countries, such as Burma, Ceylon, the Amazons,
and West Indies, can it be claimed that the Museum material
is fairly representative of the faunae.

The collection of Myriopoda in 1904 contained about 8900
specimens, 850 named species, and 500 unnamed species.

688 Zoology.

List of Authors who have described Species of
Myriopoda in the British Museum.

butleb« a. g. pocock, r. i.

Cook, O. F. Sadssube, H. de.

Gebvais, p. Say, Thovas.

Gray, J. E. Silvestri, F.

HuTTOx, F. W. Stuxbebo, a.

Leach, W. E. Vebhoeff, C.

Xewpobt, G. Wood, J. G.

List of the Principal Countries whence Collections hays

BEEN procured, WITH THE NaHES OF DONOBS OR COL-
LECTORS.

EUROPE.
Sweden : Dr. A. Stuxberg.
British Islands: W. R. O. Grant; W. E. Leaoh; G. Newport; B. I.

Pooock ; O. Thomas ; Col. Yerbnry ; and others.
France : O. Thomas ; A. Dollfiis.
Austbia and Gebmany: C. Vorhoeff; O. Thomas.
Italy : O. Thomas.

Portugal : O. Thomas ; Col. Yerbury.
Spain and Balearic Islands : O. Thomas ; R. I. Pooock ; Colonel Yerbury.

AFRICA.

Madeiba, Azobbs, Canaby and Salvages Islands : W. R. O. Grant

Algebia, Tunisia and Egypt : J. Anderson.

SoMALiLAND : E. Lort-PhilUps ; Donaldson Smith.

Bbitish East Afbica : C. Stenart Betton ; J. W. Gregory.

Mashonaland : G. A. K. Marshall ; J. if. Darling.

Natal and Cape Colony : H. A. Spencer.

ZuLULAND : C. D. Rudd.

LiBEBiA : O. F. Cook.

Fernando Po : Exploration Committee.

ASIA AND AUSTRALIA.
Siberia : A. Stuxberg.

China : P. W. Bassett Smith and J. J. Walker.
Burma : E. \V. Gates ; L. Fea ; J. Anderson.

India : J. R. Henderson ; E. Thurston ; — Jerdon ; U. Ferguson ; H. K. Slater.
Ceylon : E. E. Green.
Malacca: H. N. Ridley; S. S. Flower.
SiAM : S. S. Flower.
Sumatra : Max Weber.

Borneo : A. Everett ; C. Hose ; G. Whitehead.
Philippine Islands: H. Cuming.
Celebes : Max Weber.
Solomon Islands, &c. : C. M. Woodford ; Arthur Willey.

Myriopoda. 689

AnsTRALiA : Baldwin Spenoer.
Tasmania : 6. M. Thomson.
New Zealand : C. Chilton.
Sandwich Islands : R. C. L. Perkins.

AMERICA.
United States : T. Say.
Texas: W. Taylor.

Central America : F. D. Gk)dman and O. Salvin.
West Indies : West Indian Exploration Committee : T. D. A. Cookerell.
Venezuela : Dr. Ernst.
Colombia : J. Goudot.
Ecuador : E. Whymper ; P. O. Simons.
Amazons : £. E. Austen and F. P. Cambridge.
La Plata : O. Thomas.

C. Chronological List op Accessions.

1841.

Four species of Centipedes, including the one subsequently
described as Scolopendra Ghildreni, and one species of Millipede
represented by the specimen afterwards named Lysiopetalum
Uneatum, were presented by Mr. J. G. Children. In this year
also Mr. E. Doubleday's collection, containing the types of three
species of Centipedes subsequently described by Newport, was
presented.

Previous to 1844 two Centipedes from Egypt were presented
by Mr. J. Burton. One of them was subsequently described by
Newport as the type of Scolopendra canidens. These specimens
were not registered and the date of their presentation is con-
sequently unknown.

1842.

Dr. Dieffenbach presented the specimens from New Zealand
which Newport described as Cormocephalus rubriceps and Spiros-
treptiis antipodarum ; also specimens of two species of Centipedes
and two of Millipedes, said to be from China, and afterwards
described by Newport, were presented by Capt. Sir Edward
Belcher, R.N.

1844.

9 Brazilian species of Centipedes and Millipedes, including
specimens which afterwards served as the types of Newport's
vol. II. 2 Y

690 Zoology.

species, were presented by John Miers, F.R.S. Also a valuable
series of Millipedes from the Philippine Islands, subsequently
described by Newport, was purchased from Mr. Cuming. A new
species of Centipede had been previously purchased from Cuming
in 1841. Newport liimself presented 13 Centipedes from
Paramatta and the types of Scolopendra angusta and S, valida
from the Canary Islands were presented by Mr. Barker Webb.
In this year also three species of Centipedes from New Zealand,
Tasmania and Australia, collected on Sir James Ross's Antarctic
Expedition of 1835-1843 and subsequently described by Newport,
were received.

1846.

The typo of Siphonopliora luteola, Gerv., and several Millipedes
which must be regard (hI as the co- types or topotypes of species
described by Gervais, from Colombia, were purchased from M.
Goudot.

1861.

12 species of Central American Myriopoda named by M. de
Saussure and alleged to be his types, were purchased from M.
Salle (see above, p. 698).

From 1863-1873 and again in 1875 no return of Myriopoda
was made in the annual report of accession, nothing of sufficient
importance to deserve mention having been added to the
collection.

1874.

A valuable addition was made in the form of a series of 27
species of Myriopoda from Sweden, which were identilied and
presented by Dr. A. Stuxberg.

1876.

50 Myriopoda referred to 12 species collected in Rodriguez
by Messrs. Gulliver and Slater, on the "Transit of Venus"
Expedition, were presented by the Royal Society. These species
were described by Mr. Sutler in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, for
that year, and subsequently in the " Philosophical Transaotions/'
vol. clxviii., for 1879. In this year also Dr. Stuxberg presented
a collection of Siberian Myriopoda containing the types or oo-
types of 1 1 species describeil by himself in the Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist, for 1876 (see p. 698).

Myriopoda. 691

1881.

52 Centipedes, mostly belonging to the genus Scohpendra,
were collected by Prof. I. B. Balfour in the island of Sokotra
and presented to the British Museum by the British Association.

1886.

Specimens of 9 specie§ of Myriopods, apparently typical of
species named by R W. Hutton, were purchased from the Com-
missioner to New Zealand at the Indo-Colonial Exhibition.

1887.

The accessions amounted to 44.

The most important was a donation from Mr. L. Wray of five
Centipedes and two suctorial Millipedes, belonging to a new
genus, subsequently described by Mr. Pocock as Paeudodesmus

1888.

Accessions 21G.

6 species of Myriopoda collected in Dominica by Mr. G. A.
Ramage, and reported upon by Mr. Pocock in the Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist, for that year, were presented by the West Indian
Exploration Committee. A series of 49 Myriopods from
Madagascar was purchased from the Rev. R. Baron.

1889.

Accessions 1492.

48 specimens of Myriopoda referable to 17 species mostly
identified by Dr. Karsch, from Tunis and other localities, pre-
sented, through Mr. Oldfield Thomas, by the Marquis G. Doria.
A collection of 250 British Centipedes containing many species
new to the collection, and previously unrecorded as British, pre-
sented and collected by Messrs. O. Thomas and R. T. Pocock ;
also about 200 Myriopoda from Austria and Liguria, containing
species new l)oth to science and to the Museum, presented and
collected by Mr. O. Thomas ; 51 named Myriopoda from Liguria,
containing species new to the collection, and co-types of some of
Latzel's species, were presented by Dr. G. Caneva, through Mr.
O. Thomas.

450 Chilopoda, referable to 24 species, mostly new to the
collection from Burma, presented and collected by Mr. E. W.
Gates (see p. 697).

•1 X *!

692 Zoology.

1890.

Accessions 608.

38 specimens from Madras containing representatives of 5
new species and others new to the collection, presented by Mr.
Edgar Thurston ; also 65 specimens representing many species
new to science and to the Museum collection, presented by Mr.
E. E. Green (see p. 697).

98 Centipedes and Millipedes from Cape Colony and Natal,
including a large number of species new to the collection ; collected
and presented by Mr. H. A. Spencer. A collection of 98
specimens belonging to 17 species from Algeria, presented by Dr.
Anderson.

189L

Accessions 405.

28 specimens from Madeira, including examples of two new
species of Centipedes collected and presented by Mr. W. R.
Ogilvie-Grant. A further series of South African Myriopoda,
consisting of 80 specimens, representing several species new to
the collection, was presented by Mr. H. A Spencer.

A collection of 15 Centipedes and Millipedes belonging to 8
species, two of which were new, from the Madras Presidency ;
presented by Mr. E. Thurston (see p. 698).

1892.

Accessions 1560.

A further set of 46 Millipedes from South Africa collected
and presented by H. A. Spencer.

198 Millipedes referable to 17 species from Burma, collected
and presented by Mr. E. W. Gates and identified by Mr. Pocock
(see p. 697).

A collection of 319 Millipedes from the south of England,
and 280 from Austria and Italy, containing many species new to
the collection, collected and presented by Mr. G. Thomas.

61 Myriopods from Japan, Borneo and Gt. Loo-Choo, collected
by P. A. Hoist, were purchased from Mr. H. Seebohm in
1891-92, and reported upon by Mr. Pocock in Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., for April, 1895. A small series of 16 Myriopods from
J amaica, containing examples of six new species, was presented
by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell.

1893.

Accessions 260.

131 Myriopoda referable to 20 genera and containing a large
numbei' of undescribed species, all from the eastern parts of

Myriopoda, 693

Australiji, presented by Prof. Baldwin Spencer. The Gentipede.s
contained \n this collection were worked out by Mr. Pocock in
1901.

13 species of Ct^nti})edcs and Millipedes, represented by 44
specimens, collected in Masailand and presented by Dr. J. W.
(rregory. This collection was described by Mr. Pocock in 1896.

1894.

Accessions 846.

The collection of Myriopods from the Lesser Antilles, obtained
by the collectors in the employ of the West Indian Exploration
Committee, was presented this year (see p. 699).

275 Centipedes an<l Millipedes, chiefly from Guatemala and
containing many undescribed species, presented by Dr. Otto
Stoll.

198 Myriopoda from South India, comprising specimens of
many new species, presented by Dr. J . H. Henderson.

1895.

Accessions 279.

33 Millipedes of the family Polyde»mi4m, referable to eleven
named species from Liberia, presented by Mr. O. F. Cook.

23 Centipedes and Millipedes from Somaliland, described by
Mr. Pocock in 1896, collected and presented by Mr. E. Lort
Phillips.

The collection of Myriopods from Burma, containing co-types
of the species collected by Sig. J. L. Fea, presented by Mr. R. I.
Pocock (see p. 696).

1896.

Accessions 1336.

Max Weber's collection of Myriopods was presented by the
collector (see p. 699).

800 specimens, representing many new but undescribed
species from the Lower Amazons collected by Messrs. E. E.
Austen and F. O. P. Cambridge during the expedition of Messrs.
Siemens Bros.' cable S.S. Faraday ^ from Para to Manaos.

1897.

Accessions 458.

In addition to the Godinan and Salvin collection of Centipedes
(see p. 696), the following were the principal additions made this
year :—

694 Zoology.

130 Myriopods from Malacca and Siam, collected and pre-
sented by Capt. S. S. Flower.

13 Myriopods from Somaliland, described by Mr. Pocock in
"Unknown African Countries," presented by Dr. Donaldson
Smith.

1898.

Accessions 762.

327 Centipedes and Millipedes from Siam and the Malay
Peninsula, collected by Capt. S. S. Flower and received in
exchange from the Royal Siamese Museum, Bankok.

36 Centipedes and Millipedes, principally from New Britain,
and including the types and other specimens of the species
described by Mr. Pocock in Dr. A. Willey's "Zoological
Results."

1899.

Accessions 309.

100 specimens from Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri, including
examples of several new species, collected by Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-
Grant and Dr. H. O. Forbes.

12 Centipedes and Millipedes from Mazoe, Rhodesia, pre-
sented by Mr. J. ff. Darling ; and 27 specimens from British
East Africa, collected and presented by Mr. C. S. Betton.

1900.

Amongst the accessions, which amounted to 448, were 92
specimens referable to 51 species from Central Europe, mostly
new to the British Museum, collected and determined by Dr.
Carl Verhoeff, from whom they were purchased ; about 200
specimens collected in Spain and the Balearic Islands by Messrs.
Thomas and Pocock ; 28 specimens, including representatives of
new species, collected by Mr. P. O. Simons in Peru and
Ecuador.

1901.

Accessions 152.

32 Centipedes and Millipedes from the South of Spain,
presented by Colonel Yerbury ; 32 Centipedes and Millipedes
from Singapore and Malay Peninsula, presented by H. N.
Ridley, Esq. ; 39 specimens from Mysore, presented by H. K.
Slater, Esq.

1902.

Only 98 specimens were obtained this year, including : — 34
Centipedes and Millipedes from South America, purchased ; 12

Myriopoda. 695

examples from Copenhagen of three species new to the collection,
presented by Dr. H. J. Hansen; 18 specimens from Morocco,
presented by E. G. B. Meade-Waldo, Esq.

1903.

Accessions 488.

191 Centipedes and Millipedes from Central Europe, deter-
mined by Dr. C. Verhoeff, purchased; 150 specimens from
the Azores collected by Mr. W. R. Ogilvie Grant, many of them
new to the collection.

1904.

Accessions 153.

25 Myriopoda from Fernando Po, presented by the Fernando
Po Exploration Committee ; 30 Myriopoda from Zululand, pre-
sented by C. D. Kudd, Esq. ; 53 specimens from the Sandwich
Islands, including the types of all the species! described by Prof.
F. Silvestri in the " Fauna Hawaiiensis," presented by a Joint
Committee of the Royal Society and British Association.

D. Alphabktical List op the Principal Contributors to
THE Collection op Myriopoda.

Anderson (John). [1837-1900]

In 1890 Dr. Anderson presented an important series of Myriopoda,
collected by himself in Algeria and Tunisia, which was reported upon by
Mr. Pocock in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for that year. In subsequent years
Dr. Anderson from time to time presented Centipedes from Egypt, and in
1894 about 25 Centiixjdes and Milliixjdes collected on Mr. Theodore
Bent's ex|iedition to the Hadramaut. These, containing two new forms,
were described in Vol. XXV. of the Joum. Linn. Soc. [See also Indian
Museum.]

Bankok, the Royal Museum.

In 1897-1898 the Museum received in exchange from the Royal
Siamese Museum, Bankok, various instalments of Myriopoda from Siam,
collected by Capt. S. S. Flower.

Barker-Webb (Philip). [1793-1854]

In 1844 Mr. Barker Webb presented to the Museum co-typical
examples of the two species of Scolopendra, namely S, augiLsia and
IS. validUf from the Canary Islands, described by H. Lucas in Webb and
Berthelot^s Hist. Nat. des lies Canaries.

696 Zoology.

Betion (C. Stbuabt).

From 1897 to 1900, during the construction of the railway from
Mombasa to Uganda, Mr. Betton collected and presented to the Museum
representatives of many species new to the collection.

Caneva (G).

In 1889, 51 Myriopoda from Liguria, including the co-types of two
species described by Dr. K. Latzel, were presented by Dr. Caneva, through
Mr. 0. Thomap, to the Museum.

'' Challenger."

The Myriopoda collected on the voyage of the ChaXlenyer were sent
to the Museum, when the collections were dispersed on the return of the
expedition. In 1892, when the material was sorted and worked out and
registered, a considerable number of new and interesting species were
discovered. A report upon the collection was published by Mr. Pocock
in Uie Annals and Magazine of Nat. History for that year.

Chilton (Charles).

In 1892 Mr. Chilton presented a collection of Myrio(x>da from Dunedin,
containing species new to the collection.

Doria {the Marquis Giacomo). [1840- ]

In 1889 the Marquis G. Doria presented, through Mr. 0. Thomas,
48 specimens of Myriopoda, referable to 17 species, principally from Tunis,
which had been identified for the Genoa Museum by Drs. Earsch and
Latzel.

Fea (Leonardo).

A collection of 30 species of Burmese Centipedes and Millipedes,
including the co-types of the species obtained by Sig. L. Fea, and worked
out by Mr. Pocock (Ann. Mus., Genoa, 1891-1896) for the Marquis
G. Doria, was presented by the describer in 1895 and incorporated in the
general collection.

Flower {Cajpt Stanley S.).

In 1896, 1897, and 1898 Capt Flower collected and presented to the
Museum, in several instalments, a fine series contaimng many new
species of Myriopoda from Siam and the Malay Peninsula.
See also under Bankok.

Qodman (Frederick Du Cane) [1834- ] and Salvin

(Osbert) [1835-1898]
The Central American Chilopoda, containing examples of 29 species,
with many types, named by R. I. Pocock in the " Biologia Centrali-
Americana," were received and incorporated in 1897.

Goudot (Justin).

A collection of Myriopoda from Colombia, purchased from Mr. Goudot
in 1846, contained the type of Siphonophora luteola, Gervais. Also
several Millipedes, which are certainly topo-types, perhaps co-types, of
species described by Gervais and based upon material collected by
Mr. Goudot.

Myriopoda. 097

Grant (William Robert Ogilvie). [1863- ]

In additiou to specimens from various parts of Great Britain, Mr.
Grant has presented collections of Myriopoda containing examples of
species previously undescribed, as well as others not previously repre-
sented in the Museum collection, from Madeira in 1891, 1807 ; from the
Canaries and Salvages Islands in 1897, and from Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri
in 1899.

Green (E. Ernest).

In 1890 Mr. Green sent to the Museum a valuable set of Ceylouesc
Myriopoda, most of the species, of which many were new, being previously
unrepresented in the Museum. This collection was described by Pocock
in the Joum. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc for 1892. A second instalment was
received in 1899.

Henderson (John R).

In 1894 Dr. Henderson presented about 200 Myriopoda, collected by
himself in various parts of the Madras Presidency. The collection
contained a large number of species both undescribiBd and new to the
Museum series.

Hutton (Frbdbbick Wollaston). [1836- ]

In 1886 the Trustees purchased from the Commissioner of New
Zealand to the Indo-GoloDial Exhibition a small series of identified
Myriopods which are apparently the tyi)e8 of species from New Zealand
described by Prof. F. W. Hutton.

Indian Museum (Trustees of).

In 1889 the Tmstees of the Calcutta Museum presented to the British
Museum specimens and co-types of the species of Myriopoda collected by
Dr. John Anderson in the Mergui Archipelago and described by Mr.
Pocock in the Journ. Linn. Soc. for 1888. Although small in number of
species, this collection was the first the Museum had received from
Burma.

Keen (Bev. J. H.).

A collection of 38 Myriopoda from Queen Charlotte Island, British
Colombia, presented by Mr. Keen in 1890, is the only series the Museum
has ever received from British Colombia.

Latzel (Robert).

See Caneva.
Leach (William Elfobd). [1790-1836]

Dr. Leach*s collection was presented to the Trustees in 1826. It
contained the types of the British species of Centipedes and Millipedes
described by Leach in Tr. Linn. Soc, XI., and Zool. Misc. HI., 1817,
as well as the types of some North American species established by Say,
which that author had presented to Leach.

Oates (Eugene William). [1845- ]

Mr. Oates's valuable collection of Burmese Myriopoda was presented
in 1889. This was the first extensive collection of this group ever brought
to England from that country. It contained about 450 specimens
representing a large number of new and interesting species. The
collections were described by Pocock in the "Annale" of the Genoa
Museum in a series of papers ranging from 1891-1895.

698 Zoology.

Salle (Auguste). [ ^1896]

A collectioD consisting of twelve species of Central American Myrio-
poda, named by De Saussure, was purchased from M. Sall6 in 1861.
The specimens were a]i])arently sold as the types of the species. This is
certainly not true in all cases ; but there is no reason to doubt that when
the localities on the labels agree with the localities affixed to the
descriptions, the si)ecimens may be claimed as the types or co-types.

Sandwich Islands Committee.

In 1904 the collection of 53 specimens obtained in the Sandwich
Islands by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins was presented by a Joint Committee of
the Royal Society and the British Association. The collection includes
all the types described in the " Fauna Hawaiiensis.*'

Saussure (Henri Louis Fr^d6ride). [1829- ]
Set Sall£.

Say (Thomas). [1787-1834]
See Leach.

Spencer (Henry Alexander). [1862- ]

From 1890-1897 Mr. H. A. Spencer presented to the Museum several
consignments of Myriopoda collected by himself in Cape Colony and
Natal. These were the first well-preserved specimens received from
South Africa.

Stuzberg (Anton).

In 1876 a collection of 14 species, 11 of which were represented by
typical or co-typical examples, from Siberia, was presented by Dr.
A. Stuxberg. The species were described by Dr. Stuxberg in the Ann.
Mag. Nat. Uist. for April, 1876.

Taylor (William).

From 1889-1892 Mr. W. Taylor presented instalments amounting in
all to about 100 sjiecimens of MyrioiXKla collected by himself in Texas.
Nearly all the s]wcies contained in this collection were new to the
Museum series, it being the first collection ever received from that
country.

Thomas (Oldfield). [1858- ]

From 1889-1900 Mr. Oldfield Thomas presented to the Museum large
numbers of Myrio]>ods collected by himself in varicnis i)arts of England,
France, (renuauy, Italy, Portugal, Simiu, the Balearic Islands, and La Plata.
The series obtaine<l in Italy and Germany was the first collection of
MyrioiMxls of any extent that the Museum had received from the
Continent.

See also Doria.

Thurston (Edgar).

Jn 1890-1891 the Museum received from Mr. Thurston, of the Govt.
Central Museum, Madras, specimens of about 20 species, of w^hich nearly
half were undescribed and almost all new t-o the collection, from the
Madras Presidency. The sj^ecics were described by Pocock in the Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1890, and the Joum. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. for
1892.

Myriopoda. 699

Verhoeflf {Br, Carl).

In 1903 a named collection of 92 specimens belonging to 50 different
species, mostly new to the collection, from various parts of Europe, was
purchased from Dr. Verhoeflf.

Webb.

See BARKEn-WRBB.

Weber (Max).

A collection of 91 species of Centii)ede8 and Millipedes, princii>ally
from Sumatra and Java, and including the types and other specimens of
the si)ecie8 described by 11. I. Pocock in Max Weber's " Zool. Ergebnisse,
etc.," II., was presented by Max Weber in 1896.

West Indian Exploration Committee.

The Chilopoda and Diplopoda collected in the Lesser Antilles, under
the direction of this committee, were presented to the British Museum in
1894 and named by R. I. Pocock (J. Linn. Soc. XXIV.). The collection
contained the types of many new species, and has been incorporated.

Whjrmper (Edward). [1840- ]

A series of 34 Myriopods referable to 7 species, 2 of which were new,
collected by Mr. Whymper in the Andes of Ecuador and presented in
1890, was the first collection from that country received by the Museum.

WiUey (Arthur). [1867- ]

In 1898, Dr. Willey's collection of Myriopoda from the Solomon Islands,
New Britain, etc., was presented by him. It consisted of 36 specimens
referable to 19 species, whereof 13 were new. The species were described
in vol. i. of Dr. Willey's " Zoological Results."

T

9. M0LLU8CA.
By E. a. smith, P.L.8., I.S.O.

A. List of Officers more or less connboted with the
Collection op Mollusca in past years.

Ar<SI8TANT8.

I'g.S Kkkpkm.

AxaiATAXT-
Kr.KPKR?«.

1765

Dr. D. C. Solander.

1813

Dr. W. E. Leaoh.

1837*; J. G. Children.

181G ' J. G. (Children.

1840 J. E. Gray.

1«24 1 J. E. (iniy.

1875 Dr. A. GQntbcr.

1841 Dr. W. Baird.

1895 iSirW.H. Flower,
K.C.B.

1872

Dr.A.GUnther.

I8(i7

K. A. Sinitli.

1898 Prof. E. Bay
Lankester.

1895

E. A. Smith,
ISO.

♦ This y<^ar Zoology was made a separate Department.

B. Progress and Arrangement of the Collection of
Mollusca.

1759-1904.

In this account of the formation and progress of the collection
of Mollusca in the British Museum it has only seemed necessary
to refer to the principal and most extensive series of specimens
which have been acquired from time to time either by donation
or purchase. Very many individual specimens or small numbers
of shells have been received, which, in some respects, are equally
as important as the larger series, although they do not much
increase the bulk of the general collection.

In 1836, it was estimated by Dr. (then Mr. J. E.) Gray that
the Museum possessed 15,000 specimens of shells. Since that

702 Zoology.

year the collection has been increased by the addition of 458,000*
specimens, that is an average annual increase of about 6700
examples. Of course the number of Mollusca obtained year by
year has varied very considerably, the years 1854, 1856, 1857,
1866, 1874, 1875 and 1898, being particularly noticeable on
account of the unusually large additions, the number of specimens
acquired being for those years respectively 13,483, 14,287, 21,914,
84,174, 13,977, 18,034, 31,877. Reference to the following
pages will show the reason of these abnormally large numbers.

With respect to the number of species in the collection it
may be worth mentioning that Dr. Gray estimated it in 1836
at 4025. At the present time the collection probably contains
rather nion^ than ten times that number.*

It is practically impassible to know the exact extent of the
collection of Mollusca, and whence it was obtained, before the
year 1837, when a system of registration of acquisitions wjis
introduced.

The collection preserved in spirit comprises 11,200 specimens,
this number being included in the total given above. Many of
the specimens are very old, and not of much use for anatomical
purposes, but those received of recent years are in a well-
preserved condition. Some parts of the collection have been
more or less studied, notably the Cephalopoda, by J. E. Gray ;
the Nudibranchs, by P. S. Abraham ; and the Slugs, by Dr.
Heynemaim and T. D. A. Cockerell. The collections obtained
by the ''Challenger'' ''Alert'' and "Nassau" Expeditions com-
prised a very large number of specimens, and were a great
addition to the Museum series.

It may here be of interest to refer to the Curators who from
time to time have been in special charge of the collection : Dr.
W. E. Leach, 1813-1 1826; Mr. J. G. Children, 1826-1840;
Dr. J. E. Gray, 1824-1875 ; Dr. W. Baird, 1841-1871 ; E. A.
Smith, 1867 until the present time.

The collection of shells before Leach's time must have been
so small that it is of little importance by whom they may have
been arranged or named. It is probable that Dr. D. C. Solander,
who was appointed an Assistant in the Museum in 1765, may at
some time have had charge of the collection, as it is known from
his MSS. in the Banksian Library that he had a knowledge of

* This number, which includes specimens in spirit, was ascertained
from the registers and annual reports, and consequently is no mere
estimate.

Mollusca, 703

Conchology. Leach described a few species in the Zoological
Miscellany and worked at the classification of the British
Mollusca, but Children's Conchological work was limited to an
account of Lamarck's genera of shells, published in 1822-23 in
the Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and Arts, vols,
xiv.-xvi.

Di'. J. E. Gray was a very voluminous writer and published
an enormous number of papers, in various periodicals, dealing
directly or indirectly with various parts of the Museum collection.
In addition several catalogues of certain portions of the shell
collection compiled by him were published by the Trustees.

Dr. Baird wrote only three or four short papers upon small
series of shells in the Museum, but did much work in arranging,
mounting, registering and naming the collection.

The present Curator, Mr. E. A. Smith, has written about
300 papers and mcmographs, all dealing with the Museum
collection, and like his predecessor has worked a great deal at
the general arrangement and naming of the collection.

Of workers, not upon the Museum staff, who have described
or written upon parts of the collection, the following may be
mentioned : W. Wood, G. P. Deshayes, L. Pfeifler, P. P. Car-
penter, L. Reeve, G. B. Sowerby ; and the ' following are the
names of authors whose types are wholly or in part preserved in
the Museum collection : —

P. S. Abraham, A. Adams, H. Adams, G. F. Angas, C. E.
Beddome, R. H. Beddome, R. Bergh, W. T. Blanford, C. Bock,
W. J. Broderip, R. A. Bullen, E. Chitty, T. D. A. Cockerell,
W. E. Collinge, J. C. Cox, A. E. Craven, H. Crosse, S. I.
T)a Costa, T. Davidson, H. Dohrn, W. Dunker, F. Eydoux,
P. Fischer, L. de Folin, E. Forbes, G. von Frauenfeld, H. Fulton,
J. S. Gaskoin, J. B. Gassies, J. D. F. Gilchrist, H. H. Godwin-
Austen, A. Granger, G. K. Gude, J. F. Gulick, A. S. Haddon,
S. Hanley, D. F. Heynemann, R. B. Hinds, W. E. Hoyle,
H. L. Jameson, J. G. Jeffreys, W. S. Kent, L Lea, E. A. Liardet,
E. von Martens, J. C. Melvill, O. A. L. Morch, A. Morelet,
W. Newcomb, A. d'Orbigny, H. Pease, P. Pelseneer, J. H.
Ponsonby, H. Preston, T. Prime, S. Rang, C. Recluz, L. Souleyet,
R. Standen, E. R. Sykes, W. Theobald, R. B. Watson, T. V.
W^ollaston, S. P. Woodward.

704 Zoology.

C. Chronological Account op the Principal Accessions to
THE Collection op Mollusca in the Department of
Zoology to the end op 1904.

1759.

Probably a number of shells were received with the collections
bequeathed by Sir Hans Sloane (1759) and these would in all
probability form the nucleus of the Museum Collection. It must
be stated, however, that no record of any such specimens has
been traced.

1799.

In this year 794 specimens, still marked '* Mus. Cracherode,"
were bequeathed by the Bev. Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode.
A MS. catalogue of this collection is extant, and is of interest, as
the species are marked with the prices given for them to the
well-known dealer George Humphrey.

1827.

Numerous specimens, some probably obtained during Capt.
Cook's voyages, were doubtless included in the bequest of his
collections to the Museum by Sir Joseph Banks in 1827. These,
however, as in the case of the Sloane specimens, are not now
identifiable.

1837.

In the following year (1837) the collection formed by
Mr. W. J. Broderip, consisting of 4089 specimens, was purchased
for the sum of £1575. It included very fine series of Cones,
Cowries, and Volutes, and must have altogether altered the
character of the National collection.

1838-1840.

About this time the extensive collections of Natural History
made by the Kev. Lansdown Guilding, at St. *Yinoent's and other
islands of the West Indies, were sold at Messrs. Stevens' auction
rooms. The Museum acquired a large number of specimens,
some of which are of special interest, being either the actual
types or co-types of the various species described by Mr. Guilding.

Mollusca. 705

1840.

About 900 shells from South Africa were purchased in 1840
from Dr. Ferdinand Krauss, who subsequently published the
work entitled *' Die Sudafrikanischen Mollusken," in 1848.

1841.

In this year, and during the years 1846 and 1847, numerous
purchases of shells were made from Herr Parreyss, a dealer in
Vienna. Many of these specimens are valuable as they are
accompanied by the MS. names he was in the habit of inventing,
and which, in many instances, have been adopted by subsequent
writers.

1842.

In the year 1843, Mr. J. E. Gray, who was then keeper of the
Zoological Department, published a list of the known shells of
New Zealand in an Appendix to Vol. II (pp. 228-263) of
Dr. E. Dieffenbach's work, " Travels in New Zealand." This list
was partly based upon a series of specimens presented to the
Museum by Dr. Dieffenbach in 1842, and also includes the
species presented by the Rev. W. Yate in 1835 and enumerated
by J. E. Gray in Mr. Yate*s "Account of New Zealand,"
pp. 307-310. A number of new species were described in both
of the above mentioned works. Large additions were also made
to the New Zealand collection of Mollusca by Dr. Stanger in
1841, Dr. Sinclair in 1842, 1851, and 1857, Lt.-Col. Bolton, R.E.,
and Capt. Stokes, R.N., in 1852.

About 1100 shells from the West Coast of Central America,
California, New Guinea, Fiji, Tahiti, Sandwich Islands, etc., were
presented in 1842 by R. B. Hinds, Esq., which had been
collected by him during a voyage round the world in H.M.S.
Sulphur, under the command of Capt. Sir Edward Belcher. Two
years later the latter presented 79 co-types of species described
by Hinds in the Zoology of the voyage, and, in 1851, at the
sale of Capt. Belcher's collection, 2324 additional specimens were
purchased.

1842-43.

The next important acquisition was the purchase in 1842 and
1843 of about 1800 shells from Mr. H. Cuming, by whom
they were collected, many of the species having recently been
described.

VOL. II. 2 z

706 Zoology.

In the year 1843 also, a set of shells was purchased from
Dr. H. P. C. MoUer, illustrative of his work, " Index MoUuscorum
Groenlandifle," published in 1842.

1844.

In the year 1844, very large collections made during the
Antarctic Expedition under Sir J. C. Ross, were presented by
the Lords of the Admiralty.

J. B. Jukes, Esq., in 1844, presented extensive collections of
MoUusca made during the surveying voyage of H.M.S. Fly in
New Guinea, North Australia, etc. A few new species were
described by J. E. Gray in an Appendix to the second volume of
the narrative of the voyage by Jukes. Most of these specimens,
however, were from the collection of Mr. H. Cuming, which has
since (1866) been acquired for the Museum by purchase.

1041 specimens collected during the same expedition of the
Fly by Mr. John Macgillivray, were presented to the Museum
in the years 1844-46.

1845.

347 shells from Jamaica were presented in 1845 by Prof.
C. B. Adams. This donation was of importance, as many of the
specimens were co-types of species described by the donor.

In 1850 forty additional specimens representing co-types of
ten species were also received from Prof. Adams.

1850.

Capt. Kellett, R.N., and Lieut. Wood, R.N., presented in
1850 and 18^5 a collection of 358 shells from California and
West Coast of Central and South America, obtained during
surveying voyages of H.M.S. Herald and Pandora. Of special
interest are the types of the new species described by Prof. E.
Forbes in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1850
(pp. 53-56, 270-274). In 1859-60 the Museum received further
specimens collected by Mr. Macgillivray and others during this
voyage, namely, 733 examples from the Admiralty and 960 from
the Museum of Economic Geology.

185L

During the voyage of the Battlesnakef 1846^0, large col-
lections were made by Mr. J. Macgillivray in Australia and

Mollusca. 707

adjacent islands to the north and north-east. In an Appendix
to Vol. II. of his narrative of the voyage, 19 new species were
described by Prof. E. Forbes, and these, together with about
170 other specimens, were presented by Mr. Macgillivray. 1789
additional specimens from this voyage were also received from
the Museum of Economic Geology, Jermyn Street, during the
years 1859-1860.

1854.

A large collection of the land and fresh-water shells of
Jamaica was presented this year (1854) by the Hon. E. Chitty.
It consisted of 389 species, represented by 2665 specimens.

428 specimens, purchased of Mr. Parzudaki, are of interest,
as they comprise many Pteropods, etc., obtained by MM. Eydoux
and Souleyet and M. Gaudichaud during the voyage of the
Bonite, 1836-1837, which were described in the account of the
voyage, and also in the work entitled, ''Histoire naturelle des
Mollusques Pt^ropodes," etc., by MM. Rang and Souleyet. A
catalogue of these specimens by J. E. Gray was published by the
Trustees in 1855.

In this year also were obtained by purchase from M. Alcide
d'Orbigny (1) the collection (4537 specimens) described by him
in the account of his " Voyage dans TAm^rique M^ridionale,"
etc. ; (2) the shells, 2545 in number, described in M. Ramon de
la Sagra's work, entitled, " Histoire physique, politique, et
naturelle, de Tile de Cuba " ; and (3) the type specimens (542 in
number) described by M. d'Orbigny in the ** Histoire naturelle
des lies Canaries," by MM. P. Barker-Webb and Sabin Ber-
thelot. Lists of these three important acquisitions, compiled by
J. E. Gray, were published by the Trustees in the year 1854.

1855.

This year (1855) 1242 shells from the Canary Islands and
1280 from Spain, Portugal and Mogador were presented by
R. McAndrew, Esq. This acquisition was important, as illus-
trative of his papers entitled, " On the geographical distribution
of Testaceous Mollusca in the North-east Atlantic and neigh-
bouring seas," Liverpool Lit. Phil. Soc. Proc. viii. pp. 8-57
(1853-4), and " Notes on the distribution and range in depth of
Mollusca and other marine animals observed on the coasts of

2 21 ^

708 Zoology.

Spain, Portugal, Barbary, Malta and Southern* Italy in 1849,"
Brit. Assoc. Proc. 1850, pp. 264-304.

About 200 specimens of shells from California and the
Sandwich Islands were purchased of Mr. Thomas Nuttall, by
whom they were collected, and a few years later (1861) 368
additional specimens were received from Mr. Nuttall's executors.
A list of his collection was published by T. A. Conrad in the
Joum. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. pp. 227-268 and P. P. Car-
penter in the Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, pp. 209-229.

1855-56.

An important series of 1524 shells from the Solomon, Fiji,
and Kermadec Islands was received from the Lords of the
Admiralty, having been collected by Mr. John Macgillivray
during the voyage of H.M.S. Herald,

1856.

A collection of MoUusca, comprising 3941 specimens,
obtained by Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the coast of Piedmont, and
a second series of 2426 Mediterranean shells were this year
obtained by pui'chase from R. Damon, of Weymouth, and
M. Parzudaki respectively.

At this time and during the following years Mr. Searles Y.
Wood presented his valuable collection of Crag MoUusca, com-
prising over 4000 specimens, to the Zoological Depaitment.
This collection, since transferred to the Geological Department,
formed the material upon which Mr. Wood based his " Mono-
graph of the Crag MoUusca," published in 1848-1856 (2 vols,
pp. 550, 52 plates).

1857.

The " Mazatlan Collection " of MoUusca was this year pre-
sented by Dr. P. P. Carpenter, who prepared a catalogue of it
which was published by the Trustees the same year. 692
species are enumerated or described, of which 215 were new.
The total number of specimens in the collection amounts to
about 8800. They were coUected in 1848-50 by Mr. Frederick
Reigen, and as a geographical series are of considerable im-
portance.

Mollusca. 709

A second large collection of land and fresh-water shells from
Jamaica, consisting of 6000 specimens, nearly all named, was
purchased this year from Mr. E. Chitty. The first series was
received in 1854.

1858.

842 British Mollusca presented by Joshua Alder, Esq. This
acquisition derived considerable value on account of its having
been named by this well-known author. 316 of the specimens
were Nudibranchs, a group of Molluscs which Mr. Alder had
made a special object of study and research.

1859.

13 land and fresh- water shells from Central Africa were
presented this year by Capt. Speke. They were of special
interest, as they included the first specimens received in Europe
from Lake Tanganyika. They were described by Mr. S. P.
Woodward in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1859.

1860.

Between the years 1860 and 1864 a large collection of
Mollusca consisting of 918 specimens from Vancouver Island
were presented by Mr. J. K. Lord. He collected them whilst
engaged as naturalist to the British N.W. American Boundary
Commission, and some of the novelties were described by Dr.
Baird in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1863.

1862.

41 specimens from Lake Nyassa were added to the collection
this year. They were collected during one of Dr. Livingstone's
Expeditions by Dr. John Kirk, and were of interest as being the
first specimens received from this lake.

1865.

A second collection of land and fresh-water shells made in
Central Africa by Capt. Speke, during his travels to discover the
source of the Nile, were this year added to the collection. Some
of them were from the Victoria Nyanza.

3986 land shells from Madeira Islands were presented by
Baron C. de Paiva. The specimens were all named and formed
a very valuable addition to the Museum Collection.

710 Zoology.

Two large collections were this year presented by the
Smithsonian Institution of Washington — one from Panama, the
other from the West Coast of North America. The former,
consisting of 1215 examples, represents a set, as complete as
could be supplied, of the shells listed and described by Prof.
C. B. Adams in his work entitled, " Catalogue of Shells collected
at Panama." The other series (1949 specimens) were chiefly
from Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco, Neeah Bay and Puget
Sound.

1866.

This year was especially notable for the acquisition of the
famous " Cuming Collection." This collection is so well known
that little need be said respecting it. When acquired by the
Museum at the moderate price of £6000 it consisted of 82,992
specimens. It is famous on account of the beauty of most of the
specimens and the enormous number of types it contains. The
actual number of species and types was never estimated, but
when we regard the twenty volumes of Reeve's "Conchologia
Iconica," the five volumes of Sowerby's " Thesaurus Conchy-
liorum," and the numerous papers by Pfeiffer, Broderip, H. and
A. Adams, Deshayes and others, all descriptive of this collection,
we get some idea of the historic interest attaching to it. This
collection of shells was the main object of Mr. Cuming's life.
He not only devoted several years of personal collecting to its
formation, but he purchased largely, and obtained very many
species by exchange with foreign museums and private collectors
in all parts of the world. With regard to the depreciatory
remarks of Dr. J. E. Gray concerning this collection (Proc.
ZooL Soc. 1867, pp. 726-730), I am bound to say that I
cannot endorse them. Having worked at the collection for
many years, I think I may safely say that it is only in com-
paratively few cases that types are not to be found which are
stated to have been in it. Dr. Gray did not know the collection
or he would never have stated that he had " not observed any
indication of the depths in the ocean whence the specimens were
obtained." The fact is that hundreds and hundreds of tickets
occur in the collection, in various handwritings, giving such
information, and the names of the species are very frequently
written upon them in the handwriting of the original describer,
or of the person by whom the species have been determined.

Mollusca. 711

One of the greatest mistakes ever made in respect of this
collection was for the specimens to have been mounted upon
tablets by Mrs. Gray. For this purpose nearly the whole of the
collection was carried drawer by drawer across an open court-
yard, resulting in many labels being blown into wrong places
and being gummed to the wrong tablets. The amount of work
entailed in remounting, and righting these mistakes, has been
enormous, and much still remains to be done.

1868.

Among the large collections made by Dr. B. O. Cunningham
in 1866-69 during the voyage of H.M.S. Nassau on the West
Coast of Patagonia and in the Straits of Magellan, were many
specimens of Mollusca. About 1100 examples were presented to
the Museum by the Lords of the Admiralty, and some account of
them was given by Dr. Cunningham in the Transactions of the
Linnean Society, vol. xxvii. (1871).

1870.

During this and the following year the Museum received a
series of Mollusca from Mrs. Knocker, which had been collected
by her husband, the late Capt. Knocker, R.N., at Whydah and
other places on the West Coast of Africa. The collection consisted
of about 630 specimens, including the remarkable new genus and
species Protoma KnocJceri described by Dr. Baird, and other new
forms described by E. A. Smith (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, pp.
727-739).

A very valuable donation was received from Mr. G. F. Angas
between the years 1870-1886. It included about 1490 specimens,
chiefly from Australia, among them being the types of 240
species chiefly described by himself in the Proceedings of the
Zoological Society. The collection included chiefly marine shells,
his land shells having subsequently been bequeathed to the
Newcastle Museum.

Between the years 1870 and 1886 Mr. Julius Brenchley
presented 1887 specimens of land, fresh- water, and marine shells
collected during the cruise of H.M.S. Curagoa among the South
Sea Islands. The collection was valuable on account of the
exactitude of the localities attached to the specimens. A few

712 Zoology.

species were described by Dr. Baird in an Appendix €o Mr.
Brenchley's book, giving an account of the cruise.

1871.

Mr. Harper Pease in 1871-1876 presented 485 Mollusca
from the Harfaiian Islands and other islands in the Pacific,
some of importance as being co-types of species described by
himself.

A collection of 490 land and fresh-water shells from India
was this year acquired by purchase from Mr. Damon, who obtained
it from Dr. Ferdinand Stoliczka, the author of several excellent
treatises and papers on Indian Mollusca, both recent and fossil.
It included many rarities described by Benson, Blanford, etc.

1873.

In 1872, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
vol. ix. pp. 262-4, Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys gave a list of Mollusca
from St. Helena. The specimens (nearly 200 in number) upon
which this list was based were presented to the Museum by
Mr. J. C. Melliss, by whom they were collected, and who also
gave some account of them in his work "St. Helena," published
in 1875.

In this year Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys presented a most valuable
collection of 640 Mollusca dredged by Capt. H. C. St. John at
Japan. The specimens were most carefully collected and
preserved, and accompanied by their exact stations and depths.
A portion of the collection was described by E. A. Smith in the
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1875, vol. xv.,
pp. 414-427, vol. xvi., pp. 103-115, but many novelties still
remain to be worked out.

1874.

During this year Dr. J. E. Gray presented his private
collection of shells, with instructions that it was not to be
registered entirely, but that such specimens were to be selected
from time to time as might be required, the rest to be placed
with the duplicates. The collection consisted of about twelve
thousand specimens, which were not, however, remarkable for
their beauty or rarity. There are, however, a number of types
in it which are valuable, such as those figured from " Gray Cab.'

Mollusca. 713

in W. Wood's supplement to the "Index Testaceologicus," 1828,
those described by Reeve in the "Conchologia Iconica," and
those by Gray himself and others in various publications.

Mention may be made of 192 marine shells from Japan
acquired by purchase from Mr. Damon, including many of the
small obscure species described by A. Adams. It is important
to possess named specimens of those species which were unfigured
and so inadequately described.

During this and following years the Museum received about
200 land and fresh-water shells from Trinidad and Dominica
presented by Mr. R. J. Lechmere Guppy. They are of interest
as being collected by him, and a few of them as being co-types
of some of the species described by him.

A very important series of 446 specimens from the collection
of the Rev. T. Lombe Taylor of Starston, Norfolk, were this
year presented by his widow. They included the types of 124
species described chiefly by Lovell Reeve in the "Conchologia
Iconica" or by G. B. Sowerby in the "Thesaurus Conchy liorum,"
the rest of the specimens, although not actual types, being
examples of various species figured in the above works.
(See 1879.)

1875.

A very large series of specimens (about 15,500) was received
this year, being a bequest by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. The
principal part of it consists of a very extensive collection of
the land and fresh-water shells of the Atlantic Islands, which
are of special value, having been named by Mr. Lowe himself,
who made the fauna of these islands a special study.

1876.

A series of duplicates (417 in number) selected from Dr.
F. Welwitsch's Angolan Collection was received from the King
of Portugal through the executors of Dr. Welwitsch. This
collection, which had been described by A. Morelet in the
"Voyage du Dr. Friederich Welwitsch . . . dans les royaumes
d' Angola et de Benguella," was an important addition to the
Museum series of shells from this part of Africa.

The collections of Mollusca amounting to about 1300
specimens made during the Transit of Yenus Expeditions in

714 Zoology.

the years 1874-75 to the Island of Rodriguez and Kerguelen's
Land were this year received from the Royal Society, These
interesting collections were described by Mr. E. A. Smith in the
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 1879, vol. 168, pp. 167-192, 473-484.

1877.

Two hundred and fifty-five specimens collected by the
naturalists of the Arctic Expedition of 1875 were presented by
the Lords of the Treasury. The collection was described by
Mr. E. A. Smith in the Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, 1877, vol. xx., pp. 131-146, and in Appendix V. to
Capt. Sir G. S. Nares* book entitled, " Narrative of a Voyage
to the Polar Sea during 1875 in H.M.S. Alert and Discovery."

A series of duplicates of the collections made during the
cruise of H.M.S. Valorous in 1875 was also received this year
from the Lords of the Treasury. The complete series contain-
ing the types was retained for his private collection by Mr.
J. Gwyn Jeffreys, who accompanied the expedition and reported
upon the Mollusca.

One hundred shells from Lake Nyassa are worthy of mention,
being the first collection of importance from that locality. An
account of it by E. A. Smith appeared in the Proc. Zool. Soc,
1877, pp. 712-722.

1878.

A valuable collection made at Malta by Capt. H. W. Feilden,
R.A., and consisting of 1044 specimens of land and marine shells,
was presented by the collector.

160 shells from the Andaman Islands were presented by
Capt. L. Worthington Wilmer, by whom they were also collected.
This important series contained many new species and formed
the subject of a paper by Mr. E. A. Smith in the Proc. Zooi.
Soc, 1878, pp. 804-821.

1879.

A second instalment, consisting of 277 shells, from the
collection of the Rev. T. Lombe Taylor, was this year acquired
by purchase from Mr. G. B. Sowerby, into whose hands this
great collection was placed for disposal. Nearly all the speci-
mens were actual types of species or figured examples described
in the voyages of the Sulphur, Samarang, &c. (See also 1874.)

Mollusca. 715

263 MoUusca from Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan,
collected by Dr. R. W. Coppinger of H.M.S. Alert^ were received
from the Lords of the Admiralty. This collection, which
included several new and interesting forms, was described in the
Proc. Zool. Soc, 1881, pp. 22-45, by IMr. E. A. Smith.

1880.

The types of twelve species of Marginellu, described in
Sowerby's " Thesaurus Conchylioinim," from the collection of the
late Prof. Bell, were obtained by purchase.

1881.

The small collection of shells from Sumatra, described by
Mr. Carl Bock (P.Z.S., 1881, pp. 628-635), was purchased. Of
special interest were the types of eight new species of land
Molluscs.

An important series of land and fresh-water shells from the
Island of Socotra was this year presented by the British Associa-
tion. It was the first collection of any importance made on the
island, and included thirty-three operculates, fifty-four non-
operculated land shells and twenty-six fresh-water specimens. It
contained the types of thirty new species described by Lieut-Col.
H. H. Goodwin-Austin (P.Z.S., 1881 and 1883).

The collection of Mollusca obtained by Dr. R. W. Coppinger in
the Indo-Pacific Ocean, during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, was
this year added to the collection. It comprised 704 specimens,
including representatives of 50 new species, described by E. A.
Smith in the Report upon the Zoological Collections made during
the voyage.

1882.

A collection of 114 specimens of land and fresh-water shells
from Madagascar, obtained partly by purchase and partly by
donation from Mr. W. Johnson, included many new and
interesting forms. An account of this valuable addition was
given by Mr. E. A. Smith, in the Proc. Zool. Soc, 1882, pp.
375-389.

A large series of shells (544 specimens) from the shores of
Bombay, Kurrachee, Beloochistan and Arakan was also added

716 Zoology.

to the collection this year. The specimens (many of them
representing species new to the collection) were collected and
presented by the late Dr. W. T. Blandford, F.R.S.

A beautiful example of the very rare Voluia tJuUcherij and a
very fine specimen of Fums pagoda, one of the most remarkable
of the many curious forms of Mollusca from Japan, were also
obtained at this time, the former by purchase and the latter by
donation from J. Lewis, Esq.

1883.

This year was purchased a series of 1180 land and fresh-
water shells from the collection of Mr. J. B. Gassies. Many of
the specimens are the actual types described and figured in his
work, entitled " Faune Conchyliologique terrestre et fluvio-
lacustre de la Nouvelle Cal6donie," or in the " Journal de Con-
chyliologie."

A great addition was made at this time to the collection of
Clausilia by the purchase of 1579 specimens from all parts of the
world. The whole series was especially valuable as having been
examined and identified by Dr. O. Bottger, who made a special
study of the group.

1884.

The collection of land and fresh-water Mollusca, comprising
833 specimens, obtained by the "Challenger" Expedition, was this
year added to the collection. It included 150 different species
of which 21 were new to science, and were described by E. A.
Smith in the Proc. Zool. Soc, 1884, pp. 258-281.

1885.

One of the most important additions to the collection this
year consisted of 4687 specimens of shells dredged during the
expeditions of H.M. ships Lightning , Porcupine, Knight-errant
and Shearwater. It comprised a set selected and put aside for
the Museum by the late Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., who pub-
lished detailed accounts of the Mollusca obtained by those
expeditions. After his death they were handed over to the
Museum by his executors. The collection contained a large
number of types and illustrated the deep-sea Molluscan fauna of
the North Atlantic, which was hitherto entirely unrepresented
in the Museum collection.

Mollusca. 717

1887.

The first, instalments of the valuable collections of marine
Mollusca obtained by the ^^ Challenger" Expedition (1873-76)
were added to the collection between this year and 1890.
They included 4923 specimens, described in the Reports of the
Zoological Collections by the Rev. R. Boog Watson, W. E.
Hoyle, E. A. Smith and others. A large number of new and
remarkable species were described in these Reports, many of them
being of much interest, having been dredged at great depths or
at localities seldom visited.

1887.

567 marine and estuary shells from the Mergui Archipelago
were also acquired at this time. They were collected by Dr.
John Anderson and were worked out and described by Prof. E.
von Martens in the Jour. Linn. Soc. vol. xxi., pp. 155-219.

1888.

An important acquisition this year consisted of 555 marine
shells from Aden, collected and presented by Major J.W. Yerbury,
R.A. The collection was described by E. A. Smith in the Proc
Zool. Soc, 1891, pp. 390-436.

Also worthy of mention are (1) a series of 133 land shells
from Barbados, collected and presented by Colonel H. W.
Feilden, and (2) 463 marine shells from European Seas, prin-
cipally from the coast of Norway, including many very interest-
ing forms difficult to acquire ; obtained by purchase.

1889.

This year Capt. W. H. Turton, R.E., presented a collection
of 2558 marine shells from St. Helena, including 270 species, of
which about one hundred were new to science. The importance
of this acquisition will be understood from the fact that only
forty or fifty species had previously been recorded from the
island. An account of it was published by E. A. Smith in the
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1890, pp. 247-317. (See also 1892.)

1891.

A very valuable collection of 1441 shells from N. W. Australia,
China, etc., was presented by the Lords of the Admiralty, partly

718 Zoology.

this year and partly in 1892. The specimens were collected by
Mr. J. J. Walker, chief engineer of H.M.S. Penguin, and included
many new marine and terrestrial forms. An account of the
latter by E. A. Smith was published in the Proc. Malac. Soc,
vol. i., pp. 84-99.

Many types of species were also added to the collection this
year, including 27 from the collection of A. E. Craven, 10 from
Borneo, presented by A. Everett, Esq., 11 from the collection of
the late Sir David Barclay, including species of Scalarta, OmJum,
Cyclostoma^ Helix and Ostrea, also Helix hero, H serope and
H ianihe from New Guinea.

Another very important acquisition consisted of 1052 land
shells chiefly from Japan^ China and India. This series formed
part of the collection of Dr. Hungerford, which was acquired by
Mr. G. B. Sowerby, from whom the Museum purchased the
specimens. A large proportion of them included species identified
by Dr. O. von Mollendorff and are practically co-types of these
forms.

1892.

In 1844 and 1847, in the reports of the British Association,
Dr. W. B. Carpenter wrote his well-known "Report on the
Microscopic Structure of Shells." The preparations, 671 in
number, described and figured in that work, were presented by
his son the late P. H. Carpenter.

This year Capt. W. H. Turton, R.E., presented a second
series of Mollusca from St. Helena, consisting of 169 marine
and 263 terrestrial forms. The latter, which included several
new species, were reported on by E. A. Smith in the Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1892, pp. 258-270. (See 1889.)

Amongst the various types acquired may be mentioned

(1) sixteen species of OUva from the collection of Miss Steere
and described by Lovell Reeve in the " Conchologia Iconica " ;

(2) Valuta archeri and V, Icreuslenje, Angas, presented by Surgeon
Colonel Archer ; (3) some species of Ampullaria, Planorbis and
Sphserium from the Victoria Nyanza; (4) twenty-seven new
species of land shells from North Borneo and the types of Helix
(Geotrochus) hedleyi, Smith, and Spondylua powelli, Smith.

Mollusca. 719

1893.

A very important addition to the Museum this year consisted
of 2040 land and fresh-water shells from the collection of the late
M. Arthur Morelet of Dijon. At his death the collection was
purchased of the executors by Mr. H. Fulton, who sold to the
Museum this valuable series, including the actual types of 680
species described by M. Morelet.

The types of 24 species of marine shells from Bombay were
presented at this time by Messrs, A. Abercrombie and J. C.
Melvill. They were described by the latter in the Memoirs
of the Manchester Philosophical Society, vol. vii., pp. 52-67.

The types of eleven species of Drillia, Clathurella, Daphnella,
and Ciiharay published in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, pp. 487-492,
by Mr. G. B. Sowerby were also acquired this year.

Many types were included in the collections of land shells
from Palawan, Balabac, Borneo, New Guinea, Annam, Soolo
Archipelago, etc., acquired this year and described by E. A. Smith,
Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1893, vol. xi., pp. 347-353 ; 1894,
vol. xiii., pp. 48-60 ; Journ. Linn. Soc. 1893, vol. xxiv., pp. 341-
352 ; The Conchologist, 1893, vol. ii., pp. 108, 130.

Other acquisitions were : —

(a) 235 land, fresh-water, and marine shells from various parts
of India, including Scaphula celox, S. deltse, and S. pinna ;
bequeathed by the late H. F. Blanford, Esq.

(h) 107 land and fresh- water shells from lakes and other
localities in Central Africa, presented by H. H. Johnston,
Esq., C.B. This series was described by E. A. Smith, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1894, pp. 632-641.

(c) 94 land and fresh- water shells from Nomuka and Eua
Islands, Tonga group, presented by R. B. Leefe, Esq.

{d) 146 land and fresh-water shells from Tonkin, Cambodia,
Annam, etc., received in exchange, included many species new
to the collection.

(e) 300 marine shells from South Australia, including many
novelties to the collection, were obtained by exchange.

1894.

A very interesting collection of land shells collected by the
late A. Everett at the Natuna Islands was partly obtained by
purchase and partly by donation from Mr. Everett. It included

720 Zoology.

many new species described by E. A. Smith in the Annals and
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiii. pp. 453-465.

A second series of land shells collected by Mr. Everett in
Balabac, Palawan, and Borneo was also added to the collection.
It comprised 231 specimens, including the types of many new
species described by E. A. Smith (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1895,
pp. 97-127).

88 examples of deep-sea MoUusca dredged in the Bay of
Bengal and the Arabian Sea by the Indian survey steamer
Investigator, were presented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta,
during the years 1894-98. Many of these are most interesting
forms and were described at that time by E. A. Smith in a series
of papers in the Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. They are co-types
of the species mentioned, the actual types having been returned
to the Indian Museimi.

1895.

511 land and fresh-water shells from the Canary Islands,
Madeira, and other Atlantic Islands, including a number of
types and many species new to the collection, were purchased of
Mrs. Wollaston. They formed part of the collection of the lat«
T. Vernon Wollaston, author of " Testacea Atlantica," in which
work the specimens were described.

The magnificent example of Pleurotomaria adansoniana from
Tobago, West Indies, described by Mr. Lechmere Guppy in the
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1891, pp. 484-85, was purchased for the sum of
£56, This is the highest price ever paid by the Museum for a
single shell.

497 land and fresh-water shells from St. Vincent, Grenada,
and the Grenadines were presented by the Royal Society and
British Association. An account of this collection by E. A.
Smith appeared in the Proc. Malac. Soc., 1895, vol. i., pp.
300-322.

A series of 207 land shells from Central Australia, collected
by the " Horn Expedition," were presented by W. A. Horn, Esq.
It included a number of species new to the collection.

51 shells from Hong Kong, Persian Gulf, etc., were
purchased of Mr. G. B. Sowerby, by whom they had been
described in the Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. i., pp. 153-161. The
series included the types of 27 species.

Mollusca. 721

1896.

50 specimens of Amphidromua from Borneo, Sumatra, etc.,
including some types and many species new to the collection
were purchased of Mr. H. Fulton. This series formed part of
the material reported on in his paper upon this genus in the
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1898, vol. xvii., pp. 66-94.

Among the types added to the collection during the year
were the following : —

(a) 14 species of Pleurotomidm from South Australia,
described by G. B. Sowerby (Proc. Malac. Soc. vol. ii., pp. 24-32).
Presented by Dr. J. C. Verco.

(&) The types of 13 species of marine shells described from
the collection of Mons. Thomas, of Brest. They comprise
species of (Janus, Bicinula, Murex, Cerithium, Jtff^ro, Trochus,
(Jancellaria, Manodonta and Clancultu.

(c) 8 species of Slugs, from the collection of Mr. W. E.
Collinge, including specimens of Janella, Amalia, Limax and
Arion, Purchased.

(c2) The types of the 7 species of land and fresh-water shells
from the Hadramaut, South Arabia, described by Messrs.
Melvill and Ponsonby (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iL, pp. 1-3).
Presented by J. C. Melvill, Esq.

(«) The types of 26 species of marine shells from Bombay
described by J. C. Melvill, Esq. (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. ii., pp.
108-116), by whom they were presented.

1897.

A very valuable series of 289 land and fresh-water shells
from Savu, Lombock, Flores and Sumba Islands, was purchased
this year. It formed part of the collections made by the late
A. Everett, and included many very fine interesting new
species since described by E. A. Smith.

Other acquisitions were : —

(a) 216 land shells from Nyasaland, including many new
species presented by Sir H. H. Johnston.

(&) 302 land shells from the Philippine Islands, among them
more than 100 species being new to the collection. Purchased.

(c) 168 land and fresh-water shells from the Island of
Socotra: presented by Mrs. Theodore Bent. This collection,

VOL. II. '^ K

722 Zoology.

which included several new species, was described by E. A.
Smith, in the Journ. of Malac, vol. vi., pp. 33-38.

((2) 76 land Mollosca representing the fauna of Botuma
Island ; presented by J. Stanley Gardiner, Esq. An account of
this acquisition was given by E. A. Smith in the Annals and
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1897, vol. xx., pp. 519-523.

1898.

A very large collection of over 24,000 land and fresh-water
shells from the Palsearctic region, from the collection of the Rev.
Dr. A. M. Norman, was purchased this year. It was of special
importance, as the Museimi collection was extremely deficient in
the Mollusca of that particular region.

An important series of marine shells (3250 specimens) from
South Africa, containing the types of many new species described
by Mr. G. B. Sowerby in his " Marine Shells of South Africa,"
was this year presented by J. H. Ponsonby, Esq., who has since
added many other specimens to the collection.

Other minor acquisitions were : —

A fine specimen of the rare Pleurotomaria beyrichii from
Japan. Purchased.

A fine example of Mitra zonata from deep water off Toulon.
Obtained by exchange.

Three examples of Miratesta celebentUy a very remarkable
form of lAmnasidee. Presented by Drs. C. and F. Sarasin.

466 land shells from various islands in the Malay Archipelago,
collected by Mr. W. Doherty, and including the types of many
new species. Purchased.

The types of 42 species of marine shells from Muscat,
Karachi and the Mekran coast, described by Mr. J. 0. Melvill.
Purchased.

85 marine shells from Macquarie Island and New Zealand,
including the types of 6 new species described by E. A. Smith
(Proc. Malac. Soc., 1898, vol. iii., pp. 20-25).

The types of Mulleria dalyi, Smith ; Bhaphaulus jperaJcemis,
Smith ; Enlima shoplandiy Coralliophila arahica, Naaaa polychrome^
Thracia adenensis, Tellina yemenennsy and Noiniculina xyreces,
Melvill ; presented by Capt. E. R. Shopland. Terehra andanuiniea
and T, celidonata, Melvill and Sykes ; presented by J. C. Melvill,
Esq.

Mollmca. 723

1899.

A valuable collection of 250 land and fresh- water shells from
Socotra was presented by the Royal Society. The collection was
made by Dr. H. O. Forbes and Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, and
contained many new species. A report upon this donation has
appeared in the volume on Socotra, published at Liverpool under
the direction of Dr. Forbes.

The types of 26 species of marine MoUusca from Torres
Straits described by Messrs. Melvill and Standen (Jour. linn.
Soc., vol. xxvii., pp. 150-206). Presented by Prof. A. C.
Haddon.

The types of 10 species of marine shells from Aden described
by Mr. J. C. Melvill. Presented by Capt. K R. Shopland.

The types of 29 species of marine shells descril>ed V)y J. C.
Melvill in the Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv., pp.
81-101, from Karachi and the Persian Gulf. Purchased.

138 shells from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, presented
by Sir John Murray, K.C.B. This collection was collected by
Mr. C. W. Andrews, in whose work, entitled "A Monograph of
Christmas Island," a report upon it was given by E A. Smith
(pp. 54-59).

1900.

The types of 104 species of marine Mollusca from the col-
lection of the late Mr. Sylvanus Hanley. Purchased of Mr. Crew
Hanley, by whom the rest of the collection was sold to Mr. H.
Harvey, a shell dealer in Houndsditch, in whose possession it at
present remains.

312 microscopic preparations of the raduloi of Mollusca from
the collection of Rev. Dr. A. M. Norman. Purchased.

Three specimens of the rare Pleuroiomaria heyrichii from
Japan, obtained by purchase. Another example was added to
the collection in 1898, also purchased. The moderate sum of
£10 a piece was paid for them. A few years previously as much
as <£30 was paid by a collector for a single specimen.

An important collection of 2200 fresh- water shells from the
United States was this year adde<l to the Museum Collection.
This was an important acquisition as the Museum series was
very deficient in this particular fauna.

3 iL -i

724 Zoology.

The collection of Palsearctic Unionidse, from the collection of
the Rev. Dr. A. M. Norman, consisting of 450 specimens, was
obtained by purchase.

1988 land and fresh- water shells from the Hawaiian Islands,
presented by the Koyal Society and the British Association.
This collection was made by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins and described
by Mr. E. R. Sykes in vol. ii. of the "Fauna Hawaiiensis,"
pp. 271-412. The slugs derived from the same source and
described by Mr. W. E. Collinge (Proc. Malac. Soc., 1896,
vol. ii., pp. 46-51) were presented in 1897.

Various individual types were also acquired during the year,
viz. : —

Buccinum striaiissimum, Sowerby Japan.

Chrysodomus int^rsculptuSf Sowerby .... Japan.

Murex boiviniy Kiener Hab. — ?

Conus patricius, Hinds Gulf of Niooya.

Valuta grangerif Sowerby Hab. — ?

Euthria interrupta^ Sowerby Japan.

Siphonalia pfefferif Sowerby Japan.

Valuta itnplicata, Sowerby Japan.

Bulimulus (DrymcBus) dukinfieldA, Melvill . . Brazil.

Also the types of 16 new species of marine shells from the
Kowie and Pondoland were added to the collection. These were
described in a paper by Mr. G. B. Sowerby in the Proc. Malac.
Soc., 1900, vol. iv., pp. 1-7.

A second series of 12 types of species from the Philippine
Islands, described by Mr. Sowerby in the same work (pp. 126-
129), was also purchased.

1901.

1558 land and fresh- water shells from Central America,
including the types of many new species described by Professor
Von Martens in the " Biologia Centrali- Americana." Presented
by F. du CaneGodman, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S.

A specimen of the rare Voluta africana, and the type of
Voluta ponsonhyi from 10 fathoms off Natal. Purchased.

A fine example of the very rare Neptuniopsis gilchrisH from
33 fathoms off the Cape of Good Hope. Purchased.

332 land, fresh-water and marine shells from South Africa.
Presented by J. H. Ponsonby, Esq. (see 1898).

494 land and fresh-water shells from Tonkin, Siam, Annam^
mostly new to the collection. Purchased.

Mollusca. 725

1902.

1070 marine shells from Aden, representing 630 species, some
new to the collection, and all in very fine condition. Presented
by Hormusji Dinshaw, Esq.

525 microscopic preparations of the radolse and genitalia of
land MoUusca from India, etc., described and figured in Godwin-
Austen's " Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of India." Purchased.

301 specimens of land and fresh-water shells from the New
Hebrides, including the types of three new species and examples
of several new to the collection. Presented by J. J. Walker, Esq.

242 shells from South Africa, including the actual types of
30 species and examples of many others new to the collection.
Presented by J. H. Ponsonby, Esq.

18 marine shells from Natal, among them being the types of
Murex faUcuc, Clavatula parilis, Euthria queketti^ Radius qracil-
limus^ Turbinella triangtUariSy and Pectuncultu queketti. Presented
by J. F. Quekett, Esq.

350 shells from Japan, China, etc., mostly belonging to
species recently described and new to the collection, and including
the types of Bostellaria luteoatoma, Scalaria multiperforata, Sistrum
angulatumy Coralliophila coronata, etc. Purchased.

A complete set of the land and fresh-water shells of the
Maldive Islands. Presented by J. Stanley Gardiner, Esq«

1903.

1700 marine shells from Port Alfred, Cape Colony, including
examples of many new species and others new to the collection ;
an important addition to the Museimi series from S. Africa.
Collected and presented by Lieut.-Col. W. H. Turton, R.E.

1135 land shells from the Azores, including fine series of most
of the species occurring on those islands, collected by Mr. W. R.
Ogilvie Grant and presented by the Hon. W. Rothschild, D.Sc.,
M.P.

89 land shells from South Africa, including the types of 66
species described by Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby in recent
years, and 80 marine shells from S. Africa, including a few types
of species described by Mr. E. A. Smith. Presented by J. H.
Ponsonby, Esq.

385 marine Mollusca from the Maldive Islands, including the
types of 24 new species described in Gardiner's " Fauna and

726 Zoology,

Flora of the Maldive Islands." Presented by J. Stanley
Gardiner, Esq.

35 marine shells from S. Africa, including the types of 15
species described by Mr. G. B. Sowerby. Purchased.

120 land shells, including examples of 57 species mostly new
to the collection, from the collection of Dr. James Cox of Sydney,
and the types of 13 new species described by Mr. H. Fulton.
Purchased.

122 marine shells from the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman,
including the types of 25 new species described by Messrs. J. C.
Melvill and R. Standen. Purchased.

1904.

365 land shells from Mindanao, New Guinea, Obi, Waigiou,
Borneo, and Kilantan, collected by Herr Waterstraat, including
many new species. Purchased.

112 marine and land shells from Japan and Loo Choo,
including many recently-described species. Purchased.

33 marine shells from the Gulf of Oman, including the types
of 20 new species described by J. C. Melvill. Purchased.

170 marine species from S. Africa and various localities,
including the types of Trifora princeps, T, smithiy and of 33
other species described by G. B. Sowerby and H. Fulton.
Purchased.

529 marine shells from Zanzibar. Presented by J. T. Last,
Esq.

60 types of new species of land and freshwater shells
described by J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby. Presented by
the latter.

D. Alphabetical List of the moke Important Contributors
TO THE Collection op Mollusca.

Adams (Charles Baker). [1814-1853]

In 1845 and 1850, Prof. Adams presented a number of sheUs which
were of interest, as they included co-tyi)e8 of various species described
by him.

Angas (George French). [1822-1886]

Between the years 1870-1886, Mr. Angas presented to the Museum
nearly 1500 shells, chiefly from Australia, which included the types of
240 species, described chiefly by himself, A. Adams, and Messrs. Crosse
and Fischer.

Mollusca. 727

Broderip (William John). [1789-1859]

llie " Broderip Collection *' contained a few types and many very fine
specimens. It was purchased by the Trustees in 1837.

Carpenter (Philip Pbabsall). [1819-1877]

The large series of shells, known as the " Mazatlan Gollectiony** was
presented by Dr. Carpenter in 1857. It contained many types and over
8000 specimens.

'^ Challenger " Collections.

The land and freshwater Mollusca obtained by the Expedition were
received in 1884, and the marine forms in 1887-1890. The Reports
upon these collections were drawn up by the Kev. R. Boog Watson,
W. E. Hoyle, E. A. Smith, Dr. P. Pelseneer, and others. A very large
number of new and interesting species were described in these reports.
The collections comprised about 5800 specimens.

Collinge (Walter Edward). [1867- ]

See Sykes.

Cuming (Hugh). [1791-1865]

The historical collection, known as the "Cuming Collection,'* was
purchased by the Trustees in 1866. It was the most important col-
lection ever got together by a private individual, as it contained
hundreds, or probably thousands, of actual types of species described by
various authors residing both in Europe and America. For some further
particulars, reference should be made under the year 1866.

D'Orbigny.

See Orbigny.

Eydoux (Joseph Fortune Theodore). [ -1841], and
Souleyet (FRAN9018 Louis Auguste). [1811-1852]
See Rang and Sodlbyet.

H.M.S. "Ply."

See Gray.

Forbes (Edward). [1815-1854]

In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1850, Prof. E. Forbes
described several new Mollusca from California and the West Coatt of
Central and South America, which had been collected during the voyage
of H.M.S. Herald and Pandora, These were presented to the Trustees
by Capt. Kellett, R.N., and Lieut. Wood, R.N.

The Mollusca obtained by the Rattlesnake in 1846-1850 were also
examined by Prof. Forbes, and about twenty new species were described
by him in an Appendix to vol. ii. of a narrative of the voyage, by
J. Macgillivray. These specimens were acquired by the Museum in 1861.

Gassies (Jean Baptiste). [1816-1883]

At his death the collection of land and freshwater Mollusca from
New Caledonia, formed by M. Gasisies, was purchased by Mr, G. B.
Sowerby, from whom the Museum obtained a first selection, including
many types described and figured in the "Faune Conchyliologique
terrestre et fluviolacustre de la Nouvelle Cal^onie,'' and in the " Journal
de Conchyliologie.**

728 Zoology.

Godman (Frederick du Cane). [1834- ]

See Martens.
Goodwin-Austen (Henry Havbrsham). [1834- ]

The collection of shells from Socotra, described by Col. Godwin-
Austin in 1881 and 1883, containing numerous types, was presented to
the trustees in 1881 by the British Association. His private collection
of Indian Mollusca has been presented by him and is now in course of
registration. It contains the ty])es of all the species described by him in
his " Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India " and in other publications.

Gray (John Edward). [1800-1875]

The private collection of Dr. Gray was presented by him to the Museum
in 1874. It contained a number of types of species described by himself,
W. Wood, Lovell Reeve, and other writers. Most of the specimens were
but poor representatives of the various species, and evidently had been
collected for study purposes rather than as cabinet specimens.

Other types by Gray were received in 1842 and 1844, and were
described in Yate's " Account of New Zealand," in Dieflfenbach's " Travels
in New Zealand,** and in Jukes's narrative of the voyage of the Fly.

GuUding (Lansdown). [1797?-1831]

About the years 1838-1840, the large collections made by
Mr. Guilding in St. Vincent's and other West Indian Islands, were sold
by auction by Messrs. Stevens, and the Museum acquired a considerable
number of the specimens. Some of these are valuable as beiog co-types
of certain species described by Mr. Guilding.

Hanley (Sylvanus Charles Thorp). [1819-1899]

The valuable collection of shells got together by Mr. Hanley, at his
death, became the property of his nephew, Mr. Crew Hanley. From this
gentleman the Museum acquired by purchase the types of 104 species of
marine shells. The collection contained numerous other types which the
Museum unfortunately was unable to obtain, the collection having been
sold to a dealer in Houndsditch, who did not wish to part wiUi any
further portions of it.

H.M.S. "Herald" and "Pandora."

See FoKBEs.
Hinds (Richard Brinsley).

Very large collections of shells were made during the voyage of
H.M.S. Sulphur in 1836-1842, and an extensive series of the specimens
was presented by Mr. Hinds to the Museum in 1842. Two years later.
Sir E. Belcher presented 79 co-types of new species described by Hinds
in the Zoology of the Voyage, and in 1879 the Museum acquired about
80 of his actual types which had passed into the collection of the Bev.
T. Lombe-Taylor. When this magnificent collection was sold the
Museum obtained these tyj^es from Mr. G. B. Sowerby, into whose hands
it was placed lor disposal.

JeflEireys (John Gwyn). [1809-1885]

The large collections of Mollusca made by H.M.S. Lightning^
Porcupine, Knight-Errant, and Shearwater were only partly worked out
by Dr. J. G. Jeffreys. The specimens described and figured were trans-
ferred by his executors to the Museum in 1885, and a complete set of all

Mollusca. 729

the unworked material was also sent. It is hoped that the Report upon
these collections will be completed by Mr. £. K. Sykes, who has kindly
undertaken to continue the work.

H.M.S. ''Knight-Errant"

See Jeffrets.

H.M.S. ''Lightning."

See Jeffreys.

Lombe-Taylor (Thomas).

The magnificent collection owned by the Rev. T. Lombe-Taylor was
placed, after his death, in the hands of Mr. G. B. Sowerby for disposal.
However, in 1874, before the collection was sent from Starston to London,
through the instrumentality of the late Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, the Museimi
was permitted to make a selection of the actual types and such figured
specimens as might be desirable. Four hundred and forty-six specimens,
of which 124 were t3rpes, were thus added to the collection ; and, in 1879,
a further series of 277 shells, mostly types of figured specimens described
in the voyages of the Suljpur and Samarang^ was obtained by purchase
from Mr. Sowerby.

Martens (Eduabd von). [ -1904]

A collection of land and freshwater Mollusca, consisting of 1558
specimens, from Central America, was presented to the Museum in 1901
by F. du Cane Otximan, Esq. It contains the type of many new species
described by the late Professor von Martens in the " Biologia Centrali-
Americana,** published during 1900 and 1901.

Mazatlan Collection.

See Carpenter.

Melvill (James Cosmo).

Many types described by Mr. Melvill in recent years have been
acquired by the Museum, namely, 26 species of marine shells from
Bombay, 42 species from Muscat, Karachi, and the Mekran Coast, 10 from
Aden, and 74 from Karachi, Gulf of Oman, and the Persian Gulf; also 7
species of land and freshwater shells from the Hadramaut, South Arabia,
described in conjunction with Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, and 26 marine forms
from Torres Straits, described in conjunction with Mr. R. Standen.

Morelet (Piebke-Arthur). [1809-1892]

At the death of M. Morelet, his collection was purchased by Mr. H.
Fulton, from whom the Museum in 1893 obtained a large selection,
including the actual types of 680 species described by Morelet.

Orbigny (Alcidb Dessalines d*). [1802-1857]

In 1854, three important collections, containing numerous types
described by M. d*Orbigny, were acquired by purchase. They consist of
the specimens described (1) in the " Voyage dans I'Am^rique MSridionale,"
(2) in Sagra's " Histoire de Cuba," (3) in Webb and Berthelot's " Histoire
naturelle des Isles Canaries."

H.M.S. "Porcupine."

See Jeffreys.

730 Zoology.

Ponsonby (John H.).

In 1898 a larp:e collection of marine shells from South Africa, con-
sisting of 3250 specimens, was presented by Mr. Ponsonby. He has
since added a large number to it. It includes the types of many new
species described by G. B. Sowerby and E. A. Smith. Mr. Ponsonby has
also presented the types of 126 species of land and freshwater shells,
also from South Africa, described by himself in conjunction with Mr.
J. C. Melvill.

Rang (Paul Kabel Sandeb Leonabd). [1784-1859], and
Soxdeyet (FBAN901S Louis Augusts). [1811-1852]
A collection of Mollusca was obtained in the year 1854 from the
executors of M. Souleyet, which was said to contain the type-specimens
described and figured in the "Histoire naturelle des Mollusques
Pt^ropodes," by Bang and Souleyet, and in the " Voyage de La Bonite,"
by Eydoux and Souleyet. A list of these specimens, compiled by J. £.
Grey, was published by the 1 rustees in 1855.

H.M.S. ''Rattlesnake."

See Forbes.

H.M.S. "Shearwater."

See Jeffreys.

Smith (Edoab Albebt). [1847- ]

The types of the very large number of species described by this writer
in about three hundred separate memoirs and ])aper8 are nearly all
preserved in the Museum collection.

Socotra Collection.

See Godwin- Austen.

H.M.S. "Sxdphur."

See Hinds.

Sykes (Ebnest Ruthven). [1867- ]

A first set (including the types of the new species) of the land and
freshwater Mollusca, collected in the Hawaiian Islands by Mr. R. C. L.
Perkins, was presented to the Museum by the Royal Society and the
British Association in 1897 and 1900. lliese collections were partly
described by Mr. E. R. Sykes, and partly by Mr. W. E. Collinge.

Taylor Collection.

See Loube-Tatlor.

H.M.S. "Valorous."

See Jeffreys.

Wollaston (Thomas Vebnon). [1822-1878]

A number of types of land and freshwater shells from the Canary
and other Atlantic Islands were purchased from Mrs. Wollaston in 1895.

10. CRUSTACEA, ECHINODERMS, PERIPATUS,
WORMS, AND ANTHOZOA.

By F. JEFFREY BELL, M.A.

I. CRUSTACEA.

A. List of Officers mobe or less connectbd with the
Crustacean Collections in past Years.

ASSISTAKTS.

t|^

Kbepkrs or
Natural Bistort.

AR8IBTANT-
KSKPSRS.

1778

1791
1813
1816

E. W. Gray. 1756

Dr. Shaw.
Dr. Leaoh.
J. G. ChUdreiL

1837 — Zoology made a separate Depar6nent.

ZOOLOOT.

1837

J. G. CMldren.

1821

G. Samouelle.

1840

J. E. Gray.

1835

A. White.

1869

G. R. Gray.

1863

A. G. BuUer.

1875

Dr. A. Gimther.

1872

Dr.A.Gunther.

1872

E. J. Miers.

1875

F. Smith.

1878 j F. Jeffrey Bell.

1879

A. G. Butler.

1886
1893

R. I. Pocock.
F. Jeffrey BeU.

1895

Sir W.H. Flower,
K.C.B.

1895

E. A. Smith,
I.S.O.

1904

Dr. W. T. Caiman.

1898

Prof. E. Ray
Lankester.

732 Zoology.

B. Progress and arrangement of the Collection of
Crustacea.

It is difficult to trace the early history of the collection of
Crustacea ; all that can be said is that in 1835 there were a few
hundred dried specimens, probably without any definite attempt
at arrangement.

In 1847, a list of Crustacea (12mo, 140 pp.) was prepared
by A. White; in 1855, T. Bell made a catalogue of the
Leucosiadse (12mo, 24 pp.), planned to be the first part of a
catalogue of Crustacea; in 1862, C. Spence Bate made a
catalogue of the Amphipodous Crustacea (8vo, 399 pp., 58
plates). In 1850, A. White published a list of British Crustacea
(12mo, 141 pp.).

From 1872 to 1886, Mr. E. J. Miers worked at the
collection and made notes for a catalogue of Brachyura, in
addition to a number of faunistic reports, and monographs on
various groups or genera.

In 1895, 1896, and 1897, F. Jeffrey Bell prepared a
complete MS. list of the known species of Brachyura, and
catalogued and arranged the specimens in the collection. This
catalogue is constantly kept up to date, and, as it is paged and
indexed, it is of use to outside workers.

In 1897, Dr. Alcock, Major I.M.S., made a catalogue of
the spirit specimens of Peneua, by which the collection was
arranged.

In 1896 and 1897, Mr. Edmund Aikin made a revision of
the mounted specimens of Amphipoda of the '^ Challenger ^^
which had been originally mounted inadequately ; and in 1897
and 1898 he made a similar revision of the Copepoda.

In 1900 a revision of the collection of Lepckdidm was made
by Prof. Gruvel.

During the later years of the century the assistance of
Dr. De Man, Dr. Budde-Lund, and Mr. A. O. Walker was
asked and gladly given in working out respectively specimens of
PcUsemon, of Isopods, and of Amphipods.

It is estimated that there are 36,500 specimens in the
collection, of which 31,000 are determined; the number of
species is about 4,500.

Crustacea. 733

C. A Chbonolooical List op the Principal Accessions to
THE Collection op Crustacea to the end op 1904.

No important named collection was obtained by the Museum
before the arrival of the " Challenger " collections, but the work
done by Darwin on the collection of Cirripedes, and the catalogue
of the Amphipoda by Spence Bate (1862), give these two groups
a greater historical interest than the rest.

Till the year 1872, the report of progress did not distinguish
the accessions of Crustacea from the rest of the Annulosa. In
1869 and 1871 there were none; in 1870 there were 18 ; and in
1868, 37 stoppered bottles containing specimens of Crustacea
were presented ; so that 1872, or the year when Dr. Glinther
was made Assistant-Keeper, may be taken as the date when
the collection of Crustacea began to make any appreciable
increase in size.

1872.

138 accessions.

1873.

112 specimens, including 76 collected by Capt. H. C. St. John,
R.N., off Japan.

1874.

747 specimens, among them 145 from Spitzbergen, presented
by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, and 242 from Samoa, presented by
Rev. S. J. Whitmee.

1875.

234 additions, none of special interest.

1876.

1181 specimens, including 75 species from Lake Baikal, 170
from Rodriguez and Kerguelen, and 155 from Samoa.

1877.

779 specimens, of which 271 were collected during the Arctic
Expedition of H.M.SS. Discovery and Alert, and were reported
on by Mr. E. J. Miers ; 111 specimens from California were
purchased, and Mr. Whitmee added 49 specimens from Samoa.

734 Zoology.

1878.

568 specimens, mostly presented, and among them a valuable
•collection from Yokohama, presented by Mr. H. Batson Joyner.

1879.

774 specimens, of which 140 were collected by H.M.S. AUrty
and presented by the Lords of the Admiralty ; 62 came from
Nova Zembla, and 150 from the West Greenland Seas.

1880.

1732 specimens, nearly one hundred of which were from
FranzJ^osef Land; a series of the Madagascar Crayfish was
purchased.

188L

1675 specimens, of which a large number were collected by
Dr. Coppinger, R.N., during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert ; 156
were dredged oflF Groree by Baron von Maltzan, from whom they
were purchased.

1882.

1332 specimens, of which 810 were again due to Dr.
Coppinger, while 134 were presented by Dr. Ondaatje from
Ceylon.

1883.

622 specimens, of which 207 were from the Sandwich Islands.

1884.

1749 specimens, mostly from the ^^ Challenger ^* Collection of
Brachyura and Cumacea.

1885.

692 specimens, inclusive of a second collection from Aden,
presented by Major Yerbury, R.A.

1886.

734 specimens, of which the most valuable were the 185
collected at Mergui by Dr. John Anderson, F.R.S.

1887.

744 specimens, of which 116 were presented by Mr. (now
Sir John) Murray.

Crustacea. 735

1888.

3490 specimens, of which 555 were collected and presented by
Mr. Murray ; of the rest many were " Challenger " specimens.

1889.

2385 specimens ; of these 2250 were from the " Challenger " ;
they were Amphipods and Isopods.

1890.

The accessions numbered 1005.

90 specimens, principally Brachyura, from Pamban and
Tuticorin, identified by Dr. Henderson, and presented by Edgar
Thurston, Esq.

296 specimens from the American shores of the Atlantic,
identified by S. I. Smith, Esq., received from the United States
National Museum. Exchange.

325 specimens from Peru and Cayenne, including many rare
species of Brachyura, received from the Warsaw Museum.
Exchange.

34 specimens of Entomostraca, including the types of eight
species (CMamydotheca auatraliSf Cypris tenuicauda, C, mytiloides,
C iateiy Eulimnadia rivoliensiSf Lepidurus viridulu8, Esiheria
packardi), from South Australia. Presented by Prof. T. Rupert
Jones.

1891.

The accessions numbered 587.

60 small forms from the Kara Sea, including species of
Nymphon, Caprella, Hippdyte, &c., received from the Copen-
hagen Museum. Exchange.

52 specimens of Amphipoda from the Irish Sea, including
Podocerus iaopus. Presented by A. O. Walker, Esq.

20 specimens of Paleemony Pagurus, ike, from British
Columbia. Presented by the Rev. J. H. Keen.

90 specimens of Cirripedia from Japan. Purchased.

13 specimens of Oniscidsey from Benin Islands. Purchased.

69 specimens from Lagos. Presented by His Excellency Sir
C. Alfred Moloney, K.C.M.G.

1892.

The accessions numbered 1836.

18 Entomostraca from the Firth of Forth and Loch Morar,

736 Zoology,

including the types of LichomolgM agilis, Moraria andersonsmithiy
and Parartotrogwt richardi. Presented by Messrs. Thomas and
Andrew Scott.

5 Terrestrial Isopods, being the types of Porcellio coniractu8y
Armadillo syriacuSy Armadillidium aimoni, A, esierelanum, and
Philosda cellaria, from Syria and South Europe. Presented by
Prof. D*Arcy W. Thompson, C.B.

435 Decapoda and Stomatopoda, including the types of
eleven new species, principally from Madras and Pamban.
Presented by Prof. J. R. Henderson.

1893.

The accessions numbered 1058.

A collection consisting of 264 Malacostraca and Cirripedia,
collected by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., R.N., when Acting-
Surgeon of H.M.S. Egeria, under the command of Commander
A. M. Field. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty.

53 Ostracoda and 544 Copepoda, collected ou the West Coast
of Africa, by the telegraph-steamer Buccaneer, identified by Mr.
Thomas Scott, and presented by the Royal Society.

1894.

The accessions numbered 1238.

A collection of 507 Crustacea from the West Coast of Scotland.
Collected by Dr. John Murray, F.R.S.

85 British Amphipods, including small females of Aiylua
awarmnerdamif with ova, and the rare male of Tritmta gtthosa.
Presented by A. O. Walker, Esq.

144 Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea, forming part of a
collection reported on by Mr. Thomas Scott in the Transactions
of the Linnean Society. Presented by the Royal Society.

11 deep-sea Crustacea from the Bay of Bengal, including,
among other species, Hypsophrys aupercilioaa and Nephropsis
carpenteri. Presented by the Trustees of the Indian Museum,
Calcutta.

115 fresh- water Crustacea from the West Indies, including
Caridina americana and Xiphocaris elongata. Presented by the
Joint Committee of the Royal Society and British Association
for the Exploration of the West Indies.

41 Stomatopoda, recorded some years earlier by Professor
W. K. Brooks in the ** Challenger " Reports. Presented by the
Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury.

Crustacea. 737

1895.

The accessions numbered 336.

140 specimens from the Australian Museum, determined hj
comparison with Prof. Haswell's types. Exchange.

31 lately-bescribed forms, from depths ranging from 65-902'
fathoms in the Bay of Bengal. Presented by the Trustees of the-
Indian Museum, Calcutta.

20 specimens illustrating Dr. Chilton's recent '* Memoir on
the Subterranean Crustacea of New Zealand.'' Presented by
Dr. Chilton.

1896.

The accessions numbered 236.

30 Fish Parasites from Plymouth. Presented by P. W.
Bassett-Smith, Esq., R.N.

40 deep-sea forms from the Indian Ocean. Presented by the
Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

27 West Indian Isopods, determined by Mons. Dollfus.
Presented by the West Indian Committee of the Royal
Society.

A collection, chiefly of Larvse, made in the New Hebrides.
Presented by Capt. Meryon, R.N.

1897.

The accessions numbered 212.

16 deep-sea forms from the Bay of Biscay, obtained from
Prof. Koehler Exchange.

Telphuaa tranwersalia from Central Australia. Presented by
W. A. Horn, Esq.

A splendid specimen of Bathynomus giganteua from deep
water in the Indian Ocean. Presented by the Trustees of the
Indian Museum.

2 Ocypods from 5000 feet, Mindoro, Philippines. Presented
by the subscribers to the Whitehead Expedition.

1898.

The accessions numbered 1500, mostly from the Norman
Collection.

Two small collections of Copepods, parasitic on Indian Fishes.
Presented by Staff-Surgeon P. W. Bassett-Smith, R.N.

VOL. II. 3 B

738 ^oology.

54 Isopods from Dalmatia and Montenegro. Presented by
Dr. Werner of Vienna.

54 Crustacea, chiefly Land Crabs from Christmas Island.
Presented by Sir John Murray, K.C.B., F.R.S.

118 Crustaceans from the Caroline Islands. Presented by
F. W. Christian, Esq.

1899.

The accessions numbered 368.

89 specimens chiefly from deep water, collected during the
voyages of the French vessels TalUman and Travailleur.
Exchange.

22 examples of two new species from Lake Tanganyika.
Presented by J. E. S. Moore, Esq.

5 examples of the large Cirriped, Coronula diadema, from the
flesh of a humpbacked whale. Presented by F. Ringer, Esq.

1900.

The accessions numbered 1048.

264 Brachyura from Singapore. Presented by Messrs. Bedford
and Lanchester.

44 Isopods from Spain and. the Balearic Islands. Collected
and presented by Messrs. O. Thomas, F.R.S., and R. I. Pocock.

64 Isopods from New Zealand, similarly obtained from Dr.
Chilton.

6 Brachyura from Torres Straits, being that portion of Prof.
Haddon's Collection which was needed for the collection.

190L

The accessions numbered 694, among which was an interesting
collection of Entomostraca raised by Prof. G. O. Sara from dried
mud collected from various parts of the world.

1902.

The accessions numbered 286.

Mr. F. E. Grant presented various specimens from Victoria,
which were desiderata to the collection.

137 Amphipods from the ** Southern Crass '^ Antarctic
Expedition.

Crustacea. 739

1903.

The accessions numbered 580, 245 of which were from deep
water in the Indian Ocean, presented by the Trustees of the
Indian Museum, Calcutta, and 70 were North Atlantic Ento-
mostraca determined by Prof. Sars.

1904.

The accessions numbered 371 ; among these were 10 finely-
preserved specimens of Anaspides, collected by their donor,
Mr. J. J. Walker (late li.N.) in Tasmania; 15 examples of
Mumdopfda polymorpha from caves in Lanzarote, presented by
Mr. Fairfax Pervost; and 2 fine Crabs {Maia squinado and
Hamola cuvieri) from H.M. the King of Portugal.

37 Terrestrial Isopoda and 13 Terrestrial Amphipoda, includ-
ing the types of recently described species from the Sandwich
Islands. Presented by a Joint Committee of the Royal Society
and British Association.

D. Alphabetical List of Contributors op Collections of
Crustacea which contained Types or Co-types when
acquired by the museum.

Alcock (Alfred William). [1859- ]

Many interesting species obtained during the deep-sea dredgings of
H.M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer Investigator during recent years
have been described by Major Alcock. Co-types of some of these have
from time to time heen received from the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Bassett-Smith (Percy Willllm). [I860?]

In 1896 Mr. Bassett-Smith presented a series of 30 specimens,
parasitic on fishes, including the types of the new species which he had
described, and in 1898 two small collections of Copepods from Bombay
also containing the types of some new species.

'' Challenger " Collection.

The large collections obtained by the Challenger Expedition of
1873-1876 were received chiefly during the years 1884, 1888, 1889, and
1894. They were worked out as follows : —

Bate, G. Spence. Beport on the Macrura,

Beddabo, Mr. F. E. Beport on the Isopoda.

Bbady, Prof. G. Stewabdson. Beport on the Copejpoda&nd Ostracoda,

BaooKS, Prof. W. E. Beport on the Stomatqpoda,

Henderson, Prof. J. B. Beport on the Anomura.

Hoek, Dr. P. P. 0. Beport on the Cirripedia.

MiEBS, Mr. E. J. Boport on the Brachyura.

Sabs, Prof. G. O. Beport on the Schizopoda, Cumacea^ and

Phyllocarida.
Stebbing, Bev. T. B. B. Beport on the Amphi^^oda.

3 B 2

740 Zoology.

de Man (J. G.).

Dr. de Man, who on various occasions has descrihed new species for
the Museum, was entrusted by the late Dr. John Anderson with his
collection of Crustacea from the Mergui Archipelago. This, when worked
out ("Joum. Linn. Soc," vol. xxii.), was purchased by the Trustees,
in 1886.

Haswell (William Aitchbson). [1859?]

A catalogue of the Australian Malacostraca was prepared by Prof.
Haswell for the Australian Museum at Sydney, and in 1885-1895 some
named Australian Crustacea sent by that Institution included about
twenty co-types of new species described in that work.

Henderson (John R). [1862 X\

In 1892 Prof. Henderson presented over 400 specimens of Indian
Crustacea, including the types of several new species.

Norman (Alfbed Meble). [1831- ]

In 1898 the Museum acquired by purchase part of the fine collections
of Marine Invertebrates from Northern Seas made by the Rev. A. M.
Norman. A catalogue of this collection was published by the owner
under the title of "Museum Normanianum." More than 1000 specimens
of Crustacea, including some interesting types and co-types, were thus
added to the Museum Collection.

Scott (Thomas).

In 1893 and 1894 the Royal Society presented a collection of Crn&«
tacea made by the telegraph steamer Buccaneer off the West coast
of Africa. It comprised 55 Ostracoda, 544 Copepoda, and 144 Entomos-
traca. The collection contained the types of the new species described in
his Report in the " Transactions of the Linnean Society.''

Smith (Sidney Irving). [1843- f]

From time to time the Museum has received from the Smithsonian
Institution of Washington valuable series of specimens. Doubtless many
of these have been named by Mr. Smith, and may in some cases.
represent co-types of species described by him.

II. ECHINODEEMA.

A. List op Officers more or less connected with the

ECHINODERM COLLECTIONS IN PAST YeARS.

l|sl

AjBSUttAIFte.

1824 I J. E. Gray.

1837

Kbxpcm or
Natural Hivtort.

J. G. Children.

m

asbistaiit-
Kbitbbs.

In 1837 Zoology mauv a separate Department

ZOOLOOT.

1841

Dr.Baird.

1840

J. E. Gray.

1869

G. R. Gray.

1867

E. A. Smith.

1875

Dr. A. Gflnther.

1872

Dr. A. GOn-
ther.

1878

F. Jeffrey Bell.

1895

SirW.H. Flower,
K.O.B.

1875
1879

F. Smith.
A. G. Butter.

1898

Prof. B. Bay
Lankeeter.

1895

E. A. Smith,
I.S.O.

B. Progress and Arrangement of the Collection of

ECHINODERMS.

In 1855^ Dr. J. E. Gray published the first part of a
catalogue of " Recent Echinida " in the collection of the Museum
(12mo, 63 pp., 6 pis.). No further parts of this work were
issued.

In 1866^ Dr. Gray published, at his own expense, a
"Synopsis of the Species of Starfish in the British Museum"
(18 pp., double cols., 16 pis.).

In 1878, F. Jefirey Bell commenced to study the Echino-
derms, and in 1888-90 prepared a MS. catalogue of all known
species, in which the Museum specimens are duly entered ; this
catalogue is from time to time brought up to date, and, as the
several parts are arranged by the ^^ Challenger" monographs,

742 Zoology.

they are available to students. In 1892 a catalogue (8vo, 202 pp.,
16 pis.) of British Echinoderms was published. The accessions
to the collections are generally made known in faunistic papers^
published in journals, or by the Trustees {e.g. " Voyage of Alert,*'
"Voyage of the Discovery'^), or in reports such as that of
Dr. Willey or Mr. Stanley Gardiner.

1900 species are represented by 19,000 specimens, nearly all
of which are named.

C. Chbonolooical List of the Principal Accessions to
THE Collection of Echinoderms.

1840.

The Lansdowne Guilding Collection from St. Vincent's was
obtained.

1841.

Dr. Gunn presented his Tasmanian collections.

1846.

The collections made by Mr. J. B. Jukes on H.M.S. Fly
were obtained.

1854.

The HolboU Collection of Arctic Echinoderms was obtained.

1859.

The Echinoderms collected by H.M.SS. Herald and Battle'
snake were presented.

1861.

The Peters Collection of Echinoids and Asteroids from the
Red Sea was obtained.

1866.

66 specimens, chiefly from the West Indies and Greenland.
This collection was valuable, having been named by Professor
Lutken ; purchased.

1868.

The Lords of the Admiralty presented the collection made by
Dr. Cunningham in the Straits of Magellan.

A series of 56 specimens from Sweden and Spitzbergen,
named by Professor Lov6n ; obtained by exchange.

Eohinoderma. 743

1870.

62 speciinens, mostly from the West coast of North and
Central America, named by Professor Verrill, and including
co-types of some species described by him ; presented by Yale
College.

1870-1871.

Various Chinese Echinoderms were presented by Consul
Swinhoe.

1872.

110 specimens purchased from the ^^Noma^^ dredgings off
the coast of Portugal, and 45 presented by Dr. Gray.

1874.

The principal acquisition consisted of 30 species new to the
collection, purchased from the Godeffroy Museum.

1875.

38 fine specimens from the Samoa Islands, presented by
Rev. S. J. Whitmee.

1876.
62 Echinoderms from Rodriguez and Kerguelen ; 7 specimens
collected by Commander W. E. Cookson, R.N., at Charles
Island, Galapagos.

1877.
44 specimens from South Africa, presented by Dr. Hahn.

1879.

85 specimens from the Straits of Magellan, collected by
Dr. Coppinger, R.N., H.M.S. Alert

The very important collections of Echinoderms made by the
" Challenger " Expedition were received during the years 1879-
1890 as follows: the Echinoidea in 1879 and 1881, the Holo-
thuroidea in 1883 and 1886, the Ophiuroidea in 1882, the
Crinoidea in 1885 and 1888, and the Asteroidea in 1890.

1880.

An important series of specimens from Japan collected by
Capti H. C. St. John, R.N., including the types of fifteen new
species described by W. P. Sladen and Prof. Duncan in the

744 Zoology.

" Journal of the Linnean Society," vol. xiv. ; presented by
J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Esq.

26 Eohinoderms, dredged in the seas near Franz-Josef Land
and Spitzbergen, chiefly interesting on account of the localities
from which they were obtained; collected and presented by
B. Leigh Smith, Esq.

A valuable series of 65 Echinoderms, determined and named
by the naturalists of the U.S. Fishery Commission; presented
by the Smithsonian Institution.

188L

A collection of 206 Echinoderms, made by Dr. Coppinger
during the surveying voyage of H.M.S. Alert in the Australian
Seas.

9 specimens of Antedony obtained during the cruise of
H.M.S. Porcupine in 1869 and 1870. Received from P. H.
Carpenter, Esq.

1882.

The accessions numbered 1346.

263 Echinoderms collected by Dr. Coppinger during the
survey of H.M.S. Alert in the Australian Seas and the Western
Ladian Ocean ; presented by the Lords of the Admiralty.

27 Echinoderms from the Ceylon coast ; presented by Dr.
Ondaatje.

1883.

The accessions numbered 294.

57 Echinoderms from Billiton, including a fine series of
Ore<i8tery several of the species apparently undescribed. See
" Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1884," p. 57.
Purchased.

1884.

The accessions numbered 166.

A magnificent specimen of Echinus melo ; presented by Prof.
Stewart.

9 stalked Crinoids from 300-500 fathoms in the Caribbean
Sea ; purchased.

10 Echinoderms from Geelong; presented by J. B. Wilson,
Esq.

16 specimens from Aden ; presented by Major J. W.
Yerbury, R.A.

Echinaderma. 745

1885.

The accessions numbered 250.

A collection of Echinoderms from Port Phillip; presented
by J. B. Wilson, Esq.

10 Echinoderms from Shetland; presented by E. M. Nel>
son, Esq.

10 specimens of Echinoderms from Herm; presented by
R. L. Spencer, Esq.

1886.

The accessions numbered 513.

100 Echinoderms from the Andaman Islands; presented by
Dr. John Anderson, F.R.S.

47 Echinoderms from Australia ; presented by the Trustees
of the Australian Museum, Sydney, and Dr. E. P. Ramsay.

A number of Echinoderms from New Zealand ; purchased
of the Commissioners of the New Zealand Court of the Colonial
Exhibition.

1887.

The accessions numbered 241.

The object of most importance was the very rare Holopus
rangi from Barbados, two specimens of which were purchased
from Sir Rawson Rawson, K.C.M.G.

1888.

The accessions numbered 978.

11 deep-sea Echinoderms from off the coast of Ireland;
presented by the Royal Irish Academy.

106 Echinoderms from Tuticorin, 30 from Ramesvaram ;
presented by Edgar Thurston, Esq.

30 -specimens of Comatulidm, from the North Atlantic and
Mediterranean, collected during the expeditions of H.M.S.
Porcupine, 1869-70, under the auspices of the Royal Society.
Received through Dr. P. H. Carpenter.

1889.

The accessions numbered 814.

105 Echinoderms from Montrose, including a good series of
Echinocyamus ptiailluSf Solaster papposus, and an example of
Strongylacentrotus drohachiensis ; presented by W. Duncan, Esq.

746 . Zoology.

53 specimens from Shetland ; presented by E. M. Nelson, Esq.

62 specimens, obtained off Liverpool ; collected by Prof.
Herdman, F.R.S.

46 specimens, chiefly rare forms from the North Sea, including
Ophiactis ahyssicolaf Elpidia glacialts, Kolga hyalinay and Ardcyro-
derma jeffreysii from the Bergen Museum ; purchased.

1890.

The accessions numbered 2240.

A series of 275 Echinoderms of great interest from the
** Porcupine ^^ Collection, apparently containing the types of
several species, such as Porocidaria purpuraia and Pharmosoma
placent^y as well as examples of very rare Northern forms, of
which the Museum has long felt the want; received from
Dr. J. Murray with the " Challenger " duplicates.

29 deep-sea forms from the S.W. coast of Scotland, including
Brisinga, Poniaster tenuispinia, Ophiohyrsa hystricis, and Holoihuria
tremula ; presented by G. C. Bourne, Esq.

A second series of 26 deep-sea forms from the W. coast of
Ireland, amongst which were Phormosoma placenta^ and SpcUangus
raschi ; presented by the Royal Dublin Society.

A very valuable collection of 64 specimens, of considerable
historical interest, as foruiing part of the collection of the late
William Thompson, the well-known author of the "Fauna of
Ireland " ; presented by the Belfast Natural History Society.

A good series of Echinus norvegicus, from the North Sea;
presented by Prof. S. Lov6n.

1891.

The accessions numbered 326.

5 examples of the rare Zoroaster fulgens and 3 of Oorgono-
cephalua eucnemisj obtained during the cruise of H.M.S. Triton ;
presented by Dr. J. Murray, F.R.S.

45 specimens, chiefly from deep water, of Irish Echinoderms,
among which were a number of examples of the very interesting
Echinothurids — Phormosoma and Asthenosoma ; presented by the
Royal Dublin Society.

28 Echinoderms from the Kara Sea, among which were
Ophiopleura horealis^ Hymenaster peUuciduSy Asterias stellionuraf
and Trochostoma horeale ; received in exchange from the Copen-
hagen Museum.

Eehinoderma. 747

The type of Bathyhiasier vexillifer, from the Faroe Channel ;
received with the " Challenger " duplicates.

3 examples of the rare Ooniaster hispidua; presented by
Dr. Sturm.

1892.

The accessions numbered 1034.

74 specimens, chiefly from deep water, off the South-west of
Ireland ; presented by the Royal Irish Academy.

69 Ophiuroids and 35 Echinoids, from deep water in the West
Indies ; presented by Prof. Alexander Agassiz.

34 examples of Holothurians from the Great Barrier Reef,
mostly of edible species, and labelled with their popular names ;
presented by W. Saville-Kent, Esq.

7 examples of Crinoids, from the Sahul Bank, including
Metacrinus interruptua and Antedon woodmasoni ; received from
the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

1893.

The accessions numbered 352.

13 Asteroids and Holothurians from deep water in the Bay
of Bengal, including examples of Zoroaster zese, Peraephonaster
rhodopelpua, Nymphaater florifery and Diciyaater xenophilua ;
presented by the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

3 specimens of Pentacrinua tDyville-thomaoniy from 700 fathoms
off Fern Island, collected by V. K. Cornish, Esq. ; purchased.

1894.

The accessions numbered 90.

21 specimens from the Mediterranean, including a fine
example of Stichopua regalia, the rare Ophioconia forhesiy and
Ophiopaila aranea ; received in exchange from Prof. Koehler.

A fine example of the rare Metacrinua rotundua, and a second
specimen, which may be an immature example of the same species,
from Japan ; purchased.

1895.

The accessions numbered 49.

15 deep-sea Holothurians from the Pacific; presented by
the United States National Museum.

748 Zoology.

1896.

The accessions numbered 84.

26 deep-sea specimens from the Bay of Biscay ; received in
exchange from Prof. Koehler.

36 specimens from Marseilles ; presented by Prof. Vayssi^re.

1897.

The accessions numbered 255.

21 deep-sea specimens from the Bay of Biscay ; received in
exchange from Prof. Koehler.

A series of 185 historically interesting photographs of
Echinoderms and their pedicellarise, made by the late Dr.
Herapath, F.R.S. ; presented by Miss Herapath.

1898.

The accessions numbered 1527.

18 deep-sea Ophiuroids from the neighbourhood of the Bay
of Bengal; presented by the Trustees of the Indian Museum,
Calcutta, and determined by Prof. Koehler.

15 Echinoderms from Rockall, interesting as coming from an
almost inaccessible locality ; presented by the Dublin Science
and Art Museum.

A selection of 110 Echinoderms from the extensive collections
made by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner at Funafuti, and in the Fijis,
and 110 specimens obtained by Dr. Willey at the Loyalty
Islands and New Britain.

6 specimens of the rare flexible Sea-Urchin, Asthenosoma
urensy from Trincomalee Harbour ; collected and presented by
Staff-Surgeon P. W. Bassett-Smith, R.N.

1899.,

The accessions numbered 121 ; none were of particular
interest.

1900.

The accessions numbered 1357, nearly all of which were
from the Norman Collection.

1901.

The accessions numbered 178, the most notable being a aeries
of the deep-sea Ophiuroids, collected by the U.S.S. Albatrois.

Echinoderma. 749

1902.

The accessions numbered 139, including a collection from
Japan, purchased from Mr. Alan Owston, the types of two
new species from deep water off the west coast of Ireland, and
60 specimens from the Maldive and Laccadive Islands collected
by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner.

1903.

The accessions numbered 93, most of which were collected off
Zanzibar by Sir Charles Eliot, K.C.M.G., and Mr. Crossland, by
whom they were presented to the Trustees.

1904.

The accessions numbered 382, the most notable of which are
the specimens collected in South African waters by Dr. Gilchrist,
the biologist to the Cape of Good Hope Government, and by
Prof. Herdman on his visit to the pearl fisheries of Ceylon.

D. Alphabetical List of Contbibutobs of Collections of

ECHINODERMS WHICH CONTAINED TyPES OR Co-TTPES WHEN
ACQUIRED BY THE MuSEUM.

Agassiz (Alexander). [1835- ]

In 1892 the Museum received from Prof. Agassiz, mider whose
direction they had been collected, 69 Ophiuroids and 35 Echinoids from
deep water off the West Indies, and, in 1895, 15 specimens of deep-sea
Holothurians from the Pacific ohtained hy the U.S. Steamer Albatross.
These collections, having been named respectively by Prof. Agassiz and
Prof. Ludwig, are valuable for that reason, and include co-types of some
of the new species described by those authors.

''Challenger" Collections.

The important collections made by H.M.S. Challenger in 1873-76
were received by the Museum in the years 1879-1890. They include
the typos of all the species of Echinoidea described by Dr. A. Agassiz ;
of Crinoidea described by Dr. P. H. Carpenter; of Ophiuroidea, by
Mr. T. Lyman ; of Holothurioidea by Dr. H. Th^el ; and of Asteroidea
described by Mr. P. Sladen.

Koehler (R^n£).

The deep-sea Ophiuroidea obtained by the Indian Marine Survey
Steamer Investigator during recent years were entrusted by the Indian
Museum to Prof. Koehler for description. Eighteen specimens, including
co-types of several new species, were presented by the Trustees of the
Indian Museum in 1898.

750 Zoology.

Norman (Alfred Merle).

Over 1000 specimens of Echinoderms were obtained from the Norman
Collection in 1898. Among these were some types and co-types of
species. [See also under Crustacea.]

Semper (Carl). [1832-1893]

A number of new species of Holothurians were described by Prof.
Semper in the beautifully illustrated memoir in his " Keisen im Archipel
der rhilippinen." A few of the types were purchased in 1869 and 1884.

III. PEEIPATUS.

[A. Officebs bams as fob " Eohinodebhs.**]

The collection contains a number of historically interesting
specimens ; a specimen of Peripatus juliformis was in the Sloane
Collection, and H. Cuming brought specimens from the West
Indies in 1849. There is a long series of P. capensis, obtained
at various dates, and types or co-types of most of the species
described by Messrs. Dendy, Evans, and Sedgwick.

The collection was worked through by Mr. Adam Sedgwick
in 1887, and much of it has been of service to Prof. Bouvier
for his monograph of the group.

All are named and the collection is rich.

IV. VEEMES.

[A. Officers same as fob ** Eohikodxbms."]

B. Progress and arrangement of the Collection of
Worms.

CH^TOPODA.

The collection of " British Non-parasitical Worms " was
catalogued by Dr. Johnston in 1865.

Considerable assistance was for some years given by Prof.

Vermes. 751

Mcintosh, who determined the collections made during the
Arctic Expedition by H.M.SS. Alert and Discovery, and by the
Valorous ; the collections of the Porcupine and of the Challengttr
also formed the subject of reports by him.

Miss F. Buchanan worked at the collection for some time
about 1894, and determined a small collection of Poly chsBtes from
the West Coast of Scotland.

In 1898 about 200 named Chaetopods were obtained from
the Norman Collection, and in 1900 about 700.

From time to time Dr. Benham, Dr. Rosa, and Mr. Beddard
have been so good as to determine small collections of Earth-
worms confided to them, and the results have been published in
the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, the Proceedings
of the Zoological Society, and the Annals and Magazine of
Natural History.

In 1899 and 1900, Dr. Willey worked at the collection of
Polychseta and determined a number of specimens ; the only
results of his studies that were published was the report on the
Antarctic Polychaetes collected by the ** Southern Cross" (1901),
and a contribution to the synonymy of a British Polychaate.

All the species of the Polychieta need determination or re-
determination.

GEPHYREA.

The whole collection was revised in 1868 by Dr. Baird ; since
then a small collection of named forms has been received from
the " Challenger" named by Prof. Selenka, a few from Prof.
Selenka, and a few from Dr. Sluiter. Mr. Shipley has recently
determined a few, and Prof. Ray Laiikester presented the type
of his Qolfingia macintoshi.

There are about 300 specimens, belonging to 95 species, and
most are named.

MYZOSTOMUM.

This collection is based on the " Challenger " material described
by Dr. von Graff, and the specimens determined in 1897 by
Prof. Wheeler from parasites found in our collection of Crinoids.

FREE PLATYHELMINTHS.
On several occasions Prof, von Graff has presented Worms

752 Zoology.

described by him in his monographs, and in 1877 Mr. H. N.
Moseley presented his types of species of Btpalium,

ENTOZOA.

The basis of this collection was a series of specimens named
by Prof. Siebold, and it was made generally available by the
" Catalogue of . . . Entozoa," prepared by Dr. W. Baird in 1853.

The collection was revised in 1881 and 1882 by Dr. L. Orley,
who made a report, which was published in vol. ix. (1882) of
the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

Since that date Dr. O. von Linstow has been so obliging as
to determine specimens sent him for examination.

C. Chbonological List op the Principal Accessions to
THE Collection op Worms.

No collection of Worms of any importance seems to have been
made before

1851,

when a collection of Entozoa, notable at the time, was purchased
from Prof. Siebold; this was made generally known by the
catalogue prepared by Dr. Baird in 1853 (12mo, 132 pp., 2 pis.).
Col. Montagu was much interested in Worms, and the " Old
Collection" contained a number of his specimens and those
of Dr. Leach; these were added to, chiefly by Dr. Johnston,
Mr. Robertson, and Mr. Laughrin, and in

1865

a catalogue of " British Non-parasitical Worms " was published.
30 specimens of Polychseta, from off the Shetlands, were pre-
sented by Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys, and a few Entozoa from animals
in the Zoological Gardens were presented by Dr. Murie.

1866 and 1867.

About 80 Worms from Polperro were purchased from Mr.
Laughrin.

1872.

266 accessions, of which the most notable were the Scan-
dinavian Oligochaetes obtained from Dr. Eisen.

Vermes. 753

1874,

The only accessions of this year that need be noted were the
15 PolychsBtes from Ceylon, determined by Prof. Grube.

1876.

68 Oligochtetes from Dr. Spoof, and 46 Polychtetes obtained
by the Transit of Venus Expedition.

1877,

30 more Polychsetes from the just-mentioned expedition,
59 Planarians collected and presented by Mr. H. N. Moseley,
and 58 Polychsetes, obtained during the Arctic Expedition.

1880.

There were 90 accessions, the most interesting of which
were some Perichsetee presented by Charles Darwin.

1882.

The accessions were more numerous ; the most useful was
a set of 200 named Marine Worms purchased from the Copen-
hagen Museum.

1885.

586 accessions ; the most interesting were two specimens of
Balaiioglo88us, the first evidence obtained in this country that
this Hemichordate inhabits the English Channel.

1886.

Of the 1 44 Worms obtained this year, the types (or co-types)
of Captain Hutton's New Zealand species were the most im-
portant.

1887.

378 accessions ; the most noticeable was the fine mass of
Sahclla alveolata from Hillbre Island, a worm interesting as
being the only organism that plays in our seas the part of the
polyp of reef corals.

1888.

Among the 91 accessions of this year was a fine mass of
Filograna from the North Sea.

VOL. II. 3 c

754 Zoology.

1889.

Among the 1 70 additions of this year were two specimens of
Balanoglo88us sarniensis from Herm, collected and presented by
Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell, and 16 named Gephyreans from Java, pur-
chased from Dr. Sluiter.

1890.

The accessions numbered 277.

141 Worms, principally Chaetognatha, collected during the
voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, and presented by the Lords Com-
missioners of the Treasury.

A collection of very finely preserved examples of the tube-
dwelling Annelid Terehella littoralis, from Llanfairfechan, North
Wales ; presented by Arnold T. Watson, Esq.

11 specimens of Bipalium from Ceylon; presented by E. E.
Green, Esq.

1891.

The accessions numbered 149.

7 specimens of a new species of Tristomum (T. hisiiophm),
found among the collections bequeathed by the late Deputy-
Surgeon-General F. Day.

A series of 50 Land Planarians, chiefly representatives of
new Victorian species lately described by the donor. Dr. Dendy.

1892.

81 specimens, of which not many were of interest, but the
types of Sparganophilus tamesis were presented by Dr. Benham,
and Bipalium kewense was, for the first time, received from
Ireland.

1893.

The accessions numbered 92.

The type of the remarkable new genus Eupolyodoniea {E.
cornishi), described by Miss F. Buchanan, from the mouth of the
River Congo ; presented by V. K. Cornish, Esq.

An example of the rare Mediterranean species, Polyodontes
waxillosus ; purchased.

The type of Taenia echidnse; presented by Prof. J. P.
Anderson Stuart.

3 specimens of the rare Worm Tsenia nana, and 5 of
Anchylostoma duodenale ; presented by Dr. Sonsino.

Vermes. 755

1894.

The accessions numbered 92.

A remarkable Annelid allied to LinophoruSy from the mouth
of the Congo ; presented by Miss H. M. Kingsley.

A new Earth-worm {Benhamia axcifera) from the Fantee
country ; presented by Capt. Torry.

1895.

The accessions numbered 70.

An example of the rare Filaria loa^ from the eye of a negro ;
presented by Dr. Craster.

12 Earth-worms from Mach*as; presented by Prof. A. G.
Bourne.

1896.

The accessions numbered 243.

The types of a new family, Arhynchus hemiguathi, and of a
new Gephyrean, Phyinosoma iceldoiii ; presented by A. E.
Shipley, Esci.

6 Land Planar ians from Ceylon, determined by Prof. Graft';
presented by E. E. (Jrecn, Esq.

12 beautifully prepared specimens of Kotifera; presented by
^Ir. llousselet.

1897.

Accessions 196 ; of the most important were the 45 sections of
species of Mi/zoalomnm prepared by Prof. Wheeler from Museum
material, and 47 Land Planarians from New South Wales and
New Zealand ; presented by T. Steel, Esq.

1898.

The jiccessions numbered 325.

' The most important consist(»d of a number of Earth-worms
from various localities which were submitted for determination
to Dr. llosa of Turin, and of Mr. Andrews' collection of
Gephyrea from Christmas Island, which have been determined
by A. E. Shipley, Esq.

A small collection, containing among others, Oxyuris paronai ;
received from Pix)f . Parona of Genoa.

3 o 2

756 Zoology.

1899.

The acceAsions numbered 134.

A valuable collection of 58 Land Planarians, named and pre-
sented by Prof. Graff, and forming part of the material for his
most important work on this group.

1900.

Dr. Goeldi presented 31 Land Planarians from Brazil, also
described by Prof. Graff in his monograph.

1901.

The accessions numbered 73, of which the most striking were
eleven specimens of Ptycliodera, presented by Dr. Willey, and
the most interesting were 39 Polychaetes from Salcombe, a
favourite collecting ground of Colonel Montagu, some hundred
years ago.

1902.

The accessions numbered 326, among which were the worms
collected by the " Southern Cross " Antarctic Expedition, and a
small but valuable collection of Land Planarians from Victoria
and Tasmania ; presented by Mr. T. Steel.

1903.

The accessions numbered 51, of which 20 were Oligochsetes,
determined by Dr. Michaelsen, and 7 Land Planarians, presented
and determined by Mr. F. F. Laidlaw.

1904.

The accessions numbered 2350 (including 1231 micro slides) ;
the greater part consisted of the collection of Earth Worms
made during the last twenty years by Mr. Beddard, and
purchased from him.

V. ANTHOZOA.

[A. Officebs same as fob ** Echinodebms.**]

B. Progress and Arrangement of the Collection of
Anthozoa.

No considerable collection of named Corals has ever been
obtained.

Several efforts were made in the latter part of the century to
catalogue the specimens. In 1877, Dr. Bruggemann, a specialist,
was employed by the Trustees to prepare a catalogue; he,
however, died in April, 1878. In July, 1878, the collection of
Corals was confided to Mr. S. O. Ridley, who entered as a
second-class Assistant. Mr. Ridley did some interesting work
on Corals, but resigned his oflSce in 1887. In 1885, Mr. J. J.
Quelch, who was not a specialist, also a second-class Assistant,
was employed, in his own time, to work out the " Challenger**
collection of Corals, which was deposited in the Museum. In
1890, Dr. Gtinther succeeded in inducing Mr. George Brook,
who had distinguished himself by a report on the ^* Challenger "
Antipatharia, to undertake to write a catalogue; he produced
a complete monograph of the genus Madrepora (4to, xii., 212
pp., 35 plates) in 1893, and, unfortunately, died on the 12th
August of that year.

Shortly afterwards the work was confided to Mr. H. M.
Bernard, who, in 1896, produced a monograph of the genera
Turhinaria and Asirseopora (4to, iv., 106 pp., 33 plates), in
1897, of Montipora and Anacropora (viii., 192 pp., 34 plates),
and in 1903 a volume dealing with Ooniopora (viii., 206 pp.,
16 plates).

Not much work has been done on the other groups of
Anthozoa. Dr. Gray, in 1870, published a catalogue of Sea-pens
or Pennatulariidse (8vo, 46 pp.), and of the Lithophytes or Stony

758 Zoology.

Corals (8vo, 51 pp.); in 1884, Mr. Ridley reported on the
Alcyonaria of the "Alert" Collection {Alert Report, pp. 327-
365, and 578-581). Prof. Kolliker made use of the collection in
his monograph of the Pennatulida?, and named the " Challenger "
Pennatulids. The other collections made by the " Challenger "
were described by Mr. G. Brook, Prof. Hertwig, the late
H. N. Moseley, Mr. J. J. Quelch, and Profs. Wright and Studer.
There are more than 6300 specimens, but only those men-
tioned in the recent catalogues can be considered to be satis-
factorily named.

C. Chronological List op Principal Accessions to the
Collection op Antuozoa.

1837.

A few Antho7X)a were purchased at a sale at the Royal
Museum, Berlin.

1842.

Capt. Belcher, R.N., presented about 50 Corals from
Malacca, and other localities.

1843.

140 Anthozoa from the West Indies were purchased from
Scrivener.

1845.

A few Corals were purchased from Mr. Sowerby.

1846.

The collection of Corals made by J. B. Jukes during the
voyage of H.M.S. Fly.

1847.

75 Anthozoa were purchased from Eling.

1851.

30 Corals were purchased fi'om Capt. Belcher's Collection.

Anthozoa. 759

1863.

The McAndrew collection of Corals from Teneriffe and
Madeira was presented, and 53 Corals from Lord Valentia's
Collection were purchased.

1866.

Dr. Sinclair's collection of Corals from Now Zealand was
presented.

1862.
A large collection of Corals from Japan.

1869.

A set of Gorgonians from the coast of Algeria.

1871.

Qorgonians from Port Elizabeth, and Corals from St.
Helena and New Guinea.

1872.
19 obtained ])y the Noma, and 20 Gorgonians from Ceylon.

1873.

The most noticeable addition this year was the gigantic
Osteocella sepientrionalis from British Columl^ia ; presented by
Coote M. Chambers, Esq.

1874.

Magnificent specimens of Antipathes were presented by Dr.
(Sir J.) Hooker and Mr. H. R. Williams, and a collection of
VirgtUarise by Sir P. Grey Egerton, Bart.

1875.

Dr. Giinther presented some specimens of Osteocella aepten-
trionalia,

1876.

77 Anthozoa from Rodriguez were presented by the Royal
Society.

1877.

About 50 Antbozoi^ from Dr. Bowerbank's Collection.

760 Zoology.

1880.

The very valuable collection of Corals obtained by the
" Challenger ** Expedition was this year added to the collection.

1881.

Some fine examples from Mauritius were purchased from
M. Robillard, and 15 named specimens of Stony Corals from
the Godeffroy Museum.

1882.

There were 313 accessions ; among them 76 from the ^^ Alert "
Collection, of which many were new to science, and 18 Corals
from Japan ; purchased.

1883.

Of the 389 Anthozoa, 149 were Corals from the " Porcttptn^ "
Collection, and some specimens of Cirripathes 10-12 feet in height.

1884.

259 accessions, including several so-called new genera, and
some very fine and curious specimens collected off telegraph
cables.

1885.

94 specimens, inclusive of some rare Japanese forms
presented by Dr. John Anderson, F.R.S.

1886.

Among the 636 acquisitions were typical examples of the
Red Sea Corals described by Dr. Klunzinger, and some remark-
ably fine specimens of Heliopora from the Maldive Islands.

1887.

155 additions, including some Indian Pennatulidw^ from
Dr. J. Anderson.

1888.

194 specimens, among them the type of Pennatula helliagima ;
presented by Prof. Ray Lankester, F.R.S.

Anthozoa. 761

1889.

The 577 additions comprised, besides the " Challenger "
Collection of Alcyonaria and Actiniaria, specimens from the
Channel Islands, presented by Prof. Jeffrey Bell, Alcyonaria
from Dr. John Anderson, F.R.S., and a fine specimen of Pleuro-
eorallium johnsani from Madeira; presented hy Mr. J. Yate
Johnson.

1890.

The accessions numbered 190.

A most remarkable specimen of Oerardta savalin, obtained
off Euboea ; no specimen equal in size or condition is to be found
in any European nmseum ; purchased.

The type specimens of Antillia lonsdalia and Conoeyaihus
zealandisB ; presented by Prof. Martin Duncan, F.R.S.

2 examples of the recently described Duva ronea, fi-om
Trondjhemsf jord ; presented by Prof. Collett.

1891.

The accessions numbered 491.

2 examples of Epizoanthus pa{iuriphilus, from deep water oft
the Irish coast ; presented by G. C. Bourne, Esq.

46 Corals, including some fine examples of Fungia^ from Diego
Garcia ; presented by G. C. Bourne, Esq.

46 Corals from Florida, and other localities, and a specimen of
Muricea placomus from Christiansund ; presented by Dr. John
Murray, F.R.S.

31 Corals from the West Indies, formerly the property of the
late Prof. Duncan, among which ParasmiUa lymaniy Bhizotroclius
fragilia, and Thecopsammia tintinnabulum may be especially men-
tioned ; obtained by exchange.

1892.

The accessions numbered 827.

A very fine example of Paragorgia arhorea ; received in
exchange fi'om the Bergen Museum.

33 specimens of Corals from the Persian Gulf ; collected and
presented by Surgeon-Major A. S. G. Jayakar.

762 Zoology.

7 fine Gorgonids (OtenoceUa pectinata and Oorgonta austra-
liensia) from North Queensland ; presented by Capt. Hansard.

32 specimens of Madrepora, including M, ceylontca and M.
elegantula, from Ceylon ; collected by Prof. Haeckel.

1893.

The accessions numbered 323.

4 very interesting Alcyonids {Cladiseus hceUikeri, Andvahia
mirahiliSf Mardoella erdmanni, and Sympodtum abyssorum) from
deep water in the North Atlantic ; received in exchange from
the Bergen Museum.

2 large masses of Reef Coral from Lac^pMe Island, N.W.
Australia ; collectefl by W. Saville-Kent, Esq.

An interesting example of the " Coral Tulip," or barnacles
encrusted with Red Coral ; presented by G. B. Sowerby, Esq.

1894.

The accessions numbered 150.

The types of 2 i^ecently described and remarkable Actiniarians
{Phialactis neglecta and Octineon Hndahlt) from Papeete and the
coast of Spain ; presented by Dr. G. H. Fowler.

A fine specimen of Isis hippuris ; presented by John
Morgan, P^sq.

91 specimens collected by \V. Saville-Kent, Esq., in N.E.
Australia, including 4 magnificent examples of the genus Turhi-
naria, also Euphyllia glaitrescenSy E, fimhriata, and Datyphyllia
echinulata,

1896.

The accessions numbered 256.

6 interesting stages in the life-history of Fungia ; presented
by J. J. Lister, Esq.

233 examples from W. Australia; collected by W. Saville-
Kent, Esq.

A variety of the Ponnatulid IlalUceptrum guatatfianumy from
Port Knysna ; presented by Miss Newdigate.

1896.

Tlie accessions numbered 25.

A fine mass of Lophohelia proHferay dried, and of Paragorgia
arhoreay in spirit, fi-om Norway ; purchased.

Anthozoa. 763

1897.

The accessions numbered 352.

228 specimens of Corals from Torres Straits ; collected and
presented by Prof. A. C. Haddon.

A small but interesting collection of deep-sea Alcjonaria ;
obtained by exchange from Prof. Koehler.

1898.

The accessions numbered 470.

An exceedingly fine dried example of Oorgonella umhella from
Mergui ; presented by Mr. H. G. Batten.

A few deep-sea Corals from off Travancore; presented by
the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Both red and white varieties of the interesting Pleurocorallium
secundum of Japan ; presented by Dr. Kishonuoye.

30 Corals, some of much interest ; presented by the Raffles
Museum, Singapore.

46 Sea-anemones from Bohuslan, Spitzbergen, and other locali-
ties ; obt.ained by exchange from the Stockholm Museum.

1899.

The accessions numbered 96, among which were 35 Reef
Corals, collecte<i by Dr. Andrews at Christmas Island, and pre-
sented by Sir John Munay, K.C.B.

1900.

The accessions numbered 121.

The most interesting additions were a set of co-types of the
new species described by Miss Hiles from Funafuti, and from
Dr. Willey's collection.

1901.

The accessions numbered 131, of which 80 were Alcyonaria
from Jamaica, presented by Dr. Duerden ; and 24 Corab, some
of great bionomic interest, presented by their collector, Mr.
S. Pace.

1902.

The accessions numbered 41, among which were the Sea-
anemones {Urticina) collected at Cape Adare, and described by
Mr. J. A. Clubb.

764 Zoology.

1903.

The accessions numbered 105, among which were 18 finely-
preserved Pennatulids ; presented and collected by H.M. the
King of Portugal.

1904.

The accessions numl)ered 22, most of which were specimens
from the British seas collected by Mr. E. W. H. Holdsworth.

11. PROTOZOA, PORIFERA, HYDROZOA, POLYZOA,
BRACHIOPODA, AND TUNICATA.

By R. KIRKPATRICK.

A* List of Officers who have been in chabge of the

ABOVE-NAMED GROUPS OF AnIMALS IN THE COLLECTIONS

OP THE Bbitish Museum (Natural History).

all

1765
1813
1824

ASSIMTAKTS.

Keepbk.^.

I Hi

AtihlSTANT-
KKKPUm.

I

I

Dr.D.C.Solander.
Dr. W. E. Leaoh.
J. E. Gray.

1837 — Zoology mado a separate Department.

1841 Dr. W. Buird.

1840 I J. E. Gray.
I
' 1875 Dr. A. Gunther.

1872 ' Dr. A. Gunther

1867 1 E. A. Smith.

1 1895

Sir W.H. Flower,

K.C.B. i

1878 ' 8. 0. Ridley.

1

' 1895

E. A. Smith,

1882 1 J. J. Quelch.

1898

Prof. E. Ray
Lankester.

I.S.O.

1886 11. Kirkpatrick.

1887 1 A. Dondy.

I

1

1

i

B. Progress and Arrangement of the Collections.

Protozoa. Foraminifkra. — The collection of Foraminifera
had been of little importance till the arrival, in 1888, of the
" Challenf/er" collections, which were mounted and named partly
by Dr. W. B. Carpenter, but chiefly by Mr. H. B. Brady. In
1806, Prof. T. Rupert Jones drew up a manuscript catalogue of
the Parker collection (2265 slides) ; beyond this no work has
been done in connection with this part of the collection by any
member of the staff.

Porifera (Sponges). — The collection of sponges has been

766 Zoology.

under the charge of Dr. Gray, Mr. S. O. Ridley, Mr. A. Dcndy,
and Mr. R. Kirkpatriok, who have described various portions of
it, and have attended to the general preservation and arrange-
ment. In 1848, Dr. Gray published a " List of the Specimens of
British Animals in the British Museum. Part. II. Sponges " ;
in 1879, Dr. H. J. Carter drew up a manuscript catalogue of
Sponges in the British Museum. The collection is now in a
good state of preservation and arrangement, manuscript cata-
logue lists of the greater part having been made by Mr. R.
Kirkpa trick.

Hydrozoa. — Very little descriptive work in connection with
this class of animals has been done by the members of the staff in
whose charge they have been from time to time, namely. Dr. J.
E. Gray, Mr. S. O. Ridley, Mr. J. J. Quelch, and Mr. R. Kirk-
patrick. In 1848, Dr. Gray published a " List of the Specimens
of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum.
Part I. Centronise ; or, Radiated Animals." Mr. R. Kirkpatrick
has described small collections, and drawn up manuscript cata-
logue lists of the collections of Hydroida, Hydrocorallinae,
Medusie, and Siphonophora ; he has also arranged the collection
in its present order, both the exhibited portion and the study
series.

PoLVZOA. — In 1848, Dr. Gray published a list of the British
Polyzoa in the collection in his ** List of British Animals, Ac."
This part of the collection was chiefly studied by Mr. George
Busk, who, in 1852, wrote the first part of the Catalogue of the
Polyzoa in the British Museum, published by the Trustees. The
second and third parts, by the same author, were published in
1854 and 1875 respectively. Dr. J. E. Gray, Mr. S. O. Ridley,
Mr. J. J. Quelch, and Mr. R. Kirkpatrick have been in charge
of the collection of Polyzoa from its formation until the present
time.

Brachiopoda. — This part of the collection has not been
specially worked at by the various curators under whose charge
it has been placed, but all the specimens have been carefully
preserved and labelled. The collection is now completely named
and arranged in accordance with the most recent monographs,
and a manuscript catalogue of its contents has been drawn up
by the Assistant at present in charge of it, viz., by Mr. R.
Kirkpatrick.

Tunic ATA. — Like the preceding group, this class of animak,
formerly considered as Mollusca, has never been systematically

Protozoa. 767

studied by any member of the stafF. The important collections
obtained by the ** Ghallciujer " Expedition, and also otlier valuable
series, have been, however, carefully ])reserved and arranged,
and a manuscript catalogue of the collection htis been prepared
by Mr. R. Kirkpatrick.

C. ChKONOLOGICAL ACCOUNI' OF THE PuiNCIPAL ADDITIONS

TO THE Collection.
PROTOZOA.

A. FOUAMINIFEKA.

Previous to 1884 the collection consisted of specimens on
about 200 slides and tablets.

In 1884, the si>ecimens and preparations of the " Ghallemjer '*
Orbitolites, mounted on 42 slides and described by Dr. W. B.
Carpenter, were added to the collection.

In 1886, the collections obtained by H.M.S. Lightnimj,
Poraqnnc, and Valorous Expeditions, mounted on 131 slides and
described by Dr. W. B, Carpenter, wore transferred to the
Natural History Museum.

In 1886, a collection of Norwegian specimens, ol)tained by
Mr. S. O. Ridley, determined and mounted on 46 slides by
Mr. II. B. Brady, was presented by Mr. Ridley.

In 1888 the bulk of the " Challenger" collection of Forami-
nifera, mounted on 612 slides, and described by H. B. Brady,
was added.

In 1890, a small but interesting collection of specimens on
22 slides, obtained from dee]) water oft* the south-west coast of
Ireland (** Flying Fox " Expedition), was presented by the
Rev. W. S. Green.

In 1894, the magnificent coUection of the late W. K. Parker,
mounted on 2265 slides, and comprising about 50,000 specimens,
was purchased. This collection has l3een arranged according to
geographical distribution, and Prof. T. R. Jones has drawn up
a manuscript catalogue of the slides, giving the names of the
species represented on each slide.

In 1896, the Museum obtained by bequest from the widow
of Prof. W. C. Williamson a small collection, but one of exceptional
interest, consisting of 93 slides, including typo specimens of
species described by Prof. Williamson in the monograph, "On

768 Zoology.

the Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain," published by the
Ray Society ; also types of species of Lagena, described in the
Annals and Magazine of Natural History in 1848.

In 1903, 1040 slides of Foraminifera from Funafuti, col-
lected by the Australian Funafuti Boring Expedition, and
described by F. Chapman (Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxviii., 1900).
Presented by the Royal Society, London.

In 1904 the collection consisted of about 5130 slides, 1150
named species and 350 unnamed specimens.

B. Radiolabia.

The small collection of Radiolaria mainly consists of
specimens selected from the various oozes obtained by the
^* Challenger '* Expedition and described by Prof. E. Haeckel,
the specimens being mounted on 281 distribution slides.

PORIFERA (Spongbs).

The " Old Collection," consisting of 687 specimens, includes
54 fragments from the Jardin des Plantes labelled with Lamarck's
names. The following important additions, arranged in chrono-
logical order, have been made since 1846 : —

In 1847, the Johnston Collection, comprising 148 specimens,
presented by Dr. G. Johnston and described in his " History of
British Sponges and Lithophytes," 1842.

In 1867, and in subsequent years. Sponges from the Adriatic,
off Algiers, and from the Atlantic, to the number of 407
specimens and preparations, described by Oscar Schmidt in his
works on Sponges. Purchased.

In 1877, the Bowerbank Collection, consisting of 1932
specimens and preparations of British and foreign Sponges, the
British Sponges having been described in Dr. J. S. Bowerbank's
Monograph of British Sponges (Ray Society). Purchased.

In 1882 and in subsequent years, the collections obtained
during the five cruises of H.M.S. Porcupine in the N. Atlantic
and Mediterranean, and during the cruise of H.M.S. Lightning
in the N. Atlantic, and Faroe Channel. These collections,
comprising 178 specimens, were presented by the Lords of the
Treasury, and were described mainly by Dr. H. J. Carter in the
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, in 1874 and 1876.

Protozoa. 769

In 1882; the collections obtained during the cruise of
H.M.S. Alert in the Indian Ocean, off N. and N.E. Australia,
and off 8. Patagonia, comprising 19G specimens, were presented
by the Lords of the Admiralty, and described by Mr. S. O.
Ridley in the Report on the Zoological Collections obtained by
the ''Alert;' and in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1881.

In 1883, a well preserved collection of Adriatic Sponges
(37 specimens). Presented by Prof. F. E. Schulze.

From 1884 to 1889, the Sponges obtained by H.M.S.
Challenger — viz., Calcarea, described by Prof. Polejaeff (71
specimens) ; the Hexactinellida, described by Prof. F. E. Schulze
(155 specimens); Tetractinellida, described by Prof. W. J.
Sollas (125 specimens and 513 slides) ; Monaxonida, described
by Mr. S. O. Ridley and Prof. A. Dendy (386 specimens) ;
Keratosa, described by Prof. Polejaeff (53 specimens) ; and Deep-
sea Keratosa, described by Prof. Haeckel (39 specimens) ; in all
829 specimens and 1151 preparations. Presented by the Lords
of the Admiralty.

In 1887| a weU preserved collection of Sponges (359 speci-
mens) from S.E. Australia. Presented by Mr. J. B. Wilson, and
described by Mr. H. J. Carter in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1885-6.

In 1887 and 1889, a collection of Sponges (114 specimens)
from Madras. Presented by Mr. E. Thurston and described by
Prof. A. Dendy in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1887 and 1889.

In 1887, a collection of Sponges from the E. Coast of
Australia (1154 specimens and preparations). Collected by Dr.
R. von Lendenfeld. Purchased.

In 1887 and following years, 99 Sponges from the West
Cofist of Scotland. Collected and presented by Sir John Murray.

In 1889 and subsequent years, 81 Sponges collected by
Surgeon P. W. Bassett-Smith, during the cruises of H.M.S.
Bamhler, EgertUj and Penguin in the China Sea, and off the North
and West Coasts of Australia. Presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty.

In 1890, Dr. H. J. Carter, F.R.S., presented his entire col-
lection (349 specimens and preparations) of Fresh Water Sponges.

In 1896, a collection of Sponges from the Adriatic (163
specimens), and 37 preparations of Zanzibar Sponges. Purchased
from Dr. R. von Lendenfeld.

In 1898 and 1904, part of the Rev. Dr. A. M. NormanV
collection of N. Atlantic Sponges (133 specimens). Purchased.

VOL. II. 3 D

770 Zoology.

In 1898^ a collection of magnificent Japanese Hexactinellid
Sponges (29 specimens). Purchased, and exhibited in the public
gallery.

In 1898, a collection of Sponges from Christmas Island
(53 specimens) obtained by Mr. C. W. Andrews and described
by R. Barkpatrick in the Proc. Zool. Soc. London for 1900.
Presented by Sir John Murray.

In 1900, a collection of Sponges from Funafuti, made by the
Australian Boring Expedition and described by R. Kirkpatrick
in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1900 (31 specimens). Presented
by the Royal Society.

In 1901 and 1904, 210 specimens of Sponges collected by
Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist from depths of 10 to 300 fathoms off the
coasts of Cape Colony and Natal, and partly described by
R. Kirkpatrick in '* Marine Investigations in South Africa " for
1902-3. Presented by the Crovemment of Cape Colony.

The coUection of Sponges in 1904 consisted of about 8800
specimens, 2180 named species and 2500 unnamed specimens.

HYDROZOA.
A. Htdroida.

The first important acquisition was that of the Johnston
Collection, presented by Dr. G. Johnston in 1847, and comprising
271 specimens described in the History of British Zoophytes.
The following collections were added later* : —

In 1877, 32 specimens from Denmark, Greenland, and
Spitzbergen. Presented by Prof. G. J. AUman.

From 1879 to 1882, 53 specimens, collected by H.M.S. Alert,
from the Indian Ocean, Australia, and Straits of Magellan.
The specimens from the last locality were described by Mr. S. O.
Ridley in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1881. Presented by the Lords
of the Admiralty.

In 1885, an interesting collection of 13 specimens from a
cable in 500 fathoms off Cape Verd. Presented by Mr. C. A.
Bishop and described by Mr. J. Quelch in the Annals and Mag.
of Nat. Hist, for 1885.

In 1886, a collection of 42 specimens from various localities.

* In 1904 the collection of Ilydiozoa contained about 1650 specimens,
750 named species and 200 unnamed specimens.

Protozoa. 771

Presented by Miss M. Gatty and described by Prof. Allman in
the Journal of the Linnean Society for 1885.

In 1886; a collection of 66 specimens from Australia and
New Zealand. Purchased from Dr. R. von Lendenfeld.

In 1888; the Challenger Collection described by Prof.
Allman (97 specimens). Presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty.

In 1888 and subsequent years, 126 well preserved specimens
from the West Coast of Scotland. Presented by Sir John
Murray.

In 1889 and subsequent years, 54 specimens collected
during the cruises of H.M.S. Bamblei'f Egeria^ and Penguin^ by
Surgeon P. W. Bassett-Smith, and partly described in the
Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1890 by R. Kirkpatrick.
Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty.

In 1890; 71 specimens collected by Prof. A. C. Haddon in
Torres Straits, and desciibed by R. Kirkpatrick in the Proc.
Roy. Dublin Soc. for 1890. Presented by Prof. Haddon.

From 1893 to 1897, 80 well preserved specimens from the
south coast of England. Collected and presented by R. Kirk-
patrick.

In 1898; 143 specimens, forming part of the collection of the
Rev. Dr. A. M. Norman, F.R.S. Purchased.

In 1899; the Hincks' Collection of 99 specimens. Presented
by the widow of the late Thomas Hincks, F.R.S.

In 1899; the Busk Collection, presented by the Misses Busk,
and consisting of 181 specimens, including mounted fragments
of Linnean types, and the ^^ Battlesndke^^ Collection, described
by Mr. Busk in the Appendix to Macgillivray's account of the
voyage. of H.M.S. Batilesnakc, published in 1852.

B. Oceanic Hydbozoa (including Medusae, Siphonophora and
Ctenophora).

From time to time, beautifully preserved specitnens of
Medusiie, Siphonophora and Ctenophora, have been purchased
from the Zoological Station at Naples.

In 1882; 12 specimens of Deep-sea Medusae were received,
which were obtained by H.M.S. Challenger from depths varying
from 200 to 2160 fathoms, and described by Prof. Haeckel in
the " Challenger " Report on the Deep-sea Mcdusse.

3 D 2

772 Zoology.

In 1886, 35 specimens and preparations of Australian
Medusae. Purchased from Dr. R. von Lendenfeld.

In 1889, there was added the collection of Siphonophora, col-
lected by the " Challenfjer" and desciibed by Prof. E. Haeckel.
The 24 specimens of this collection include the remarkable deep-
sea forms belonging to the group Auronectse^ " one of the most
splendid discoveries of the * Challenger^'' (Haeckel, ** Challr.nger ''
Siphonophora, p. 305).

C. Hydbo<'okallin.e.

In 1880, 36 specimens, representing the types of the
" Challenger '* Stylasteridae, described by Prof. H. N. Moseley
in the " Challenger " Report on the Hydrocorallinfle, were added
to the collection.

In 1884, seven beautiful examples of Stylaster roaeus Pall&s,
from the West Indies, from off a cable in 200 fathoms, were
purchased from Capt. Cole. The series exhibits beautiful colour
variations, the specimens being white, salmon-coloured, and rose-
pink.

In 1892, Mr. Saville Kent presented 21 specimemi of
Millepora from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

In 1894, 12 specimens of Stylasteridte^ mainly from the Gulf
of Mexico, were presented by Prof. A. Agassiz.

POLYZOA.

The first important addition to the old collection was that
of a collection, presented in 1847 by T)r. G. Johnston, consisting
of 179 specimens, representing species named and described
by him in his ^' History of British Zoophytes."

In 1852, there was published by order of the Trustees a
'^ Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum.*' Part I., Chilostomata. By (Jeorge Busk, F.R.S.
In 1854, Mr. Busk published Part 11., Chilostomata, and in
1875, Part III., Cyclostomata. As Mr. Busk states in the
preface to Part I., the collection was enriched by the liberality
of J. Macgillivray, Charles Darwin, Sir J. Hooker, and others,
who placed their collections at his disposal for the purposes of
the Catalogue and for the selection of si)ecinieus required for the
Museum Collection.

Protozoa. 77:5

In 1879 ami 1882, 517 Polyzoa obtained by the ''Alert''
from the Western Indian Ocean, N. and E. Australia, and
8ti*ait8 of Magellan. The specimens from the last locality were
described by Mr. S. O. Ridley in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881.
Presented by the I»rds of the Admiralty.

In 1886, 50 Polyzoa from Queen Charlotte Island, presented
by the Greological Survey of Canada, most of the specimens
having been named by the Rev. Thomas Hincks, F.R.S., in the
Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1882-54.

In 1887, 123 Polyzoa from E. Australia, presented by J. B.
Wilson, Esq., and desciibed by R. Kirkpatrick in the Annals
and Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1888.

In 1887, the " ChaUenyer " collection, consisting of 956
specimens, described by 0. Busk ; and in 1889, 19 specimens
described by A. W. Waters in a Supplementary Report.
Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. (See also Polyzoa,
1889.)

In 1888 and following years, 179 Polyzoa dredged off
the West Coast of Scotland and presented by Sir John
Murray.

In 1888, 44 specimens of Polyzoa from Mauritius, described
by R. Kirkpatrick in the Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1888.
Purchased.

In 1889, the specimens of Cephalodiscus and Phoronis
obtained by the " Challenger,'^ and described by Prof. W. C.
M'Intosh in two '' Challenger '' Reports on those organisms.

In 1890 and subsequent years, 273 Polyzoa collected by
Surgeon P. W. J3assett-Smith during the cruises of H.M.S.
Bamblery Egeria, and Penguin, in the China Sea and off the
N. and W. coasts of Australia ; a part of these collections was
described in the Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, for 1890, by R.
Kirkpatrick. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty.

In 1890, 142 Polyzoa from Torres Straits, collected and
presented by Prof. A. C. Haddon, and described in the Proc.
Roy. Dublin Soc. for 1890, by R. Kirkpatrick.

In 1893 and following years, 125 Polyzoa from the South
Coast of England. Collected and presented by R. Earkpatrick.

In 1897, 1231 Polyzoa from Port PhUUp, S. Australia, and
neighbourhood. Purchased from the executors of the late J. B.
Wilson.

In 1899, the Hincks collection, consisting of 1119 specimens
and slides, presented by the widow of the Rev. Thomas Hincks,

774 -Zoology.

F.R.S. Many of the specimens are tjrpes of species described
by Mr. Hincks in his numerous " Contributions to the History
of Marine Polyzoa," published in the Annals and Mag. Nat.
Hist.

In 1899, the Busk collection, consisting of 112 specimens
in boxes and of 7000 slides, presented by the Misses Busk.
The collection includes the specimens collected by H.M.S.
BattlesnaJce oif the coast of Australia, and described by Mr. Busk
in the Appendix to Macgillivray's account of the voyage ;
Kerguelen Island Polyzoa (Transit of Venus Expedition) ; also
the Polyzoa collected by H.M.S. Alert and Discovery in the Arctic
regions in 1876, and described by Mr. Busk in the Appendix to
Capt. Sir G. Nares' account of the voyage ; also many specimens
described by Mr. Busk in his scientific papers.

In 1904; the collection of Polyzoa consisted of about 11,500
specimens, 1700 identified species and 2500 unnamed specimens.

BRACHIOPODA.*

In 1866, the small collection of Brachtopoda then existing
in the Museum was greatly augmented by the addition of 292
specimens purchased with the Cuming Collection of shells, many
of the specimens being figured in Reeve's " Conchologia Iconica."

In 1878, the " Challenger^* collection, comprising 334 speci-
mens, described by Dr. T. Davidson, F.R.S., in the ^^ Challenger"
Report on the Brachtopoda, Presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty.

In 1885 was added a collection of 48 specimens, obtained
during the " Porcupine " cruises.

The collection of Brachiopoda (1904) contained 930 speci-
mens, 118 named species and 40 unnamed specimens.

* The private collection of the late Dr. T. Davidson was bequeathed
to the Geological Department, and is now located in that section of the
Museum.

TUNICATA.

In 1853; an interesting collection of 24 specimens from
Greenland was acquired by purchase from Dr. Holboll, €k>vemor
of Greenland. Later, the following collections were added : —

Protozoa. 775

In 1863, a collection of 35 specimens from South Africa and
Australia. Presented by Dr. J. S. Bowerbank.

In 1868-9, 90 specimens from S. and W. coasts of Pata-
gonia and from Falkland Islands, collected by Dr. R. O. Cunning-
ham, Surgeon on H.M.S. Nassau. Presented by the Lords of
the Admiralty.

In 1874, 61 specimens from Kcrguelen Island. Presented
by the Royal Society.

In 1880, 42 specimens from the eastern shores of the
United States. Presented by the Smithsonian Institution.

In 1886, a well-preserved collection of 114 specimens from
the S.E. coast of Australia. Presented by J. B. Wilson, Esq.

In 1887, the '^Challenger" collection of 5029 specimens,
described by Prof. W. A. Herdman in the ** Challenger " Report
on the Tunicata.

In 1887, 23 specimens from the West Coast of Scotland.
Dredged and presented by Sir John jNfurniy.

In 1890, 34 specimens obtained during the cruise of H.M.S.
Porcupine in the North Atlantic and off Portugal. Presented by
the Royal Society.

Jn 1896, 88 specimens. Purchased from the Zoological
Station, Plymouth.

In 1898 and 1900, the collection of the Rev. Canon
Norman, F.R.S., comprising 396 specimens, tmd including type
specimens of species described by Hancock and by Alder and
Hancock. Purchased.

The collection of Tunicata (1904) contained 1824 specimens
(not including 4000 specimens of SalpUlee), 328 named species
and about 400 unnamed specimens.

D. Alphabetical Lists of the Piuncipal Contributobs to
THE Collections op Protozoa, Porifera, Hydbozoa,

POLYZOA, BraCHIOPODA AND TUNICATA.

PROTOZOA.

Brady (Henry Bowman). [1835-1891]

lu 1885, Mr. U. B. Brady presented to the Trustees a collection of
123 Hlides, mostly consisting of '* Porcupine^ Biiecimens, many of them
being types figured in the " Challenger " Report.

in 1887, he presented 120 slides, constituting a set of recent British
Foramini/era iind including several types and co-tyjies.
See Cakpenter, \V. B., and " Challenger.^'

776 Zoology.

Cape Colony^ Oovemment of.

Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist has sent in 1901 and 1904 two larjije consign-
ments of Sponges, comprising 210 specimens, dredged by him off the coasts
of Cape Colony and Natal. A part of these collections has been described
by R. Kirkpatrick in " Marine Investigations in South Africa,** 1902-3.
Presented by the Government of Cajie Colony.

Carpenter (William Benjamin). [1813-1885]

In 1886, the collection of Dr. W. B. Carpenter, F.II.S., was presented
to the Musemn by his widow. This comparatively small collection,
consisting of only 131 slides, is of great interest, since it includes many
of the specimens obtained during the cruises of H.M.S. Lightning,
Porcupine and ValorotM. The ** Lightning *^ Foramini/era were referred
to by Dr. Carpenter in the Proc. Roy. Soc. for 1868, the *' Porcupine"'
Foramini/era in the Proc. Roy. Soc. for 1870, and the ** Valorous "
specimens in the Proc. Roy. Soc. for 1877 ; some are figured by Dr. Car-
penter in "The Microscope." Many of the specimens are the actual
types figured by H. B. Brady in his " Challenger " Report.
See Brady, H. B., and " Challenger^

''Challenger/' Expedition of H.M.S.

The **Cliallenger" Foramini/era incluHe: (1) The specimens of
OrhitoliUss, described by Dr. W. B. Carjjenter, F.R.S., in the " Challenger''
Report on that group. The collection consists of 42 slides on which are
mounted specimens, preparations, and sections. (2) Tl^e general
" Challenger " collection (612 slides) described by H. B. Brady, F.R.S., in
the " Challenger " Report on the Foramini/era, Mr. Brady has included
in his Report the description of species obtained by H.M.S. " Porcupine '*
and " Knight'Erranty' and by the Austro-Hungarian North Polar Expedi-
tion ; and specimens obtained by these expeditions are included in the
general " Challenger " collection.

Funafuti Boring Expedition.

The Foraminifera, mounted on 1040 slides, obtained from the lagoon
and reefs of Funafuti were described by F. Chapman in the Joum. Linn.
Soc. xxviii., 1900. Presented by the Royal Society, London.

Parker (William Kitchen). [1823-1890]

In 1894, the Museum acquired the collection of the late Professor
William Kitchen Parker, F.R.S., consisting of 2265 slides, on which
over 60,000 specimens of recent Fwamini/era are mounted. The
collection was the basis of the numerous papers " On the Nomenclature
of the Foramini/era,'* which Prof. Parker published in collaboration
with Prof. T. R. Jones and H. B. Brady in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1859-1873.

Prof. T. R. Jones, w^ho has drawn up a manuscript catalogue of this
collection, has arranged the whole series in geographical groups.

Among the samples of deep-sea soundings, which have contributed
to form this great collection, may be mentioned those made by Capt.
Dayman in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic in 1859; by Capt.
Pullen in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean in 1858 ; by Sir E. Parry in
Baffin's Bay, and by Dr. Sutherland in Davis Strait. The two last col-
lections, together with the samples obtained by Captain Dayman in the
North Atlantic, were described and figured in the Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
for 1865.

Protozocu 777

Penard (Eugene).

In 1904, a collection of Fresh-water Rbizopoda, mostly from Lake
Geneva, and mounted on 231 slides, was acquirea from Dr. Peaard. The
s]>ecimens, which have been described in various memoirs, constituted
Dr. P^nard's best collection.

Williamson (William Crawford). [1816-1895]

In 1896, the Museum obtained by a bequest of the widow of Prof.
Williamson, per C. Davies Sherbom, Esq., a collection of Foraminifera,
nioimted on 93 slides, including types of species described by Prof.
Williamson in his monograph " On the Recent Foraminifera of Great
Britain," 1858 (Ray Society), and types of species of Lagena described
in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1848.

PORIFERA (Sponges).

Bowerbank (James Scott). [1797-1877]

In 1877, the Trustees purchased Dr. Bowerbank' s collection of
Sponges, comprising 1932 specimens and preparations. The collection is
divided into two sections, British and Foreign. The former includes the
types and other specimens described and figured in the Monograph of
British Sponges, 4 vols. (Ray Society), and the latter the specimens
described in numerous papers in the Proc. Zool. Soc., London.

Carter (Henry John). [1813-1895]

In 1890, Dr. H. J. Carter, F.R.S., presente<l to the Trustees his
collection of Fresh-water Sponges, comprising 349 preparations and
specimens fi*um all parts of the world, and including many types.

" Challenger/' Expedition of H.M.S. [1884-1889]

The Sponges obtained by the " Challenger " and deposited in the
British Museum were described in special Reports by the following
naturalists : —

Reiwrt on Calcarea. N. PoldjaefT.
„ .. Hezactinellida. F. E. Schulze.

„ Tetractinellida. W. J. SoUas.

., Monaxonida. S. O. Ridley and A. Dendy.

„ Keratosa (Shallow Water). N. Pol^jaeflf.
„ ., Keratosa (Deep Sea). E. Haeckel.

This collection, which consists of 829 specimens obtained from depths
ranging from shallow water up to 3000 fathoms, includes many remark-
able forms of abyssal life.

Dendy (Aethue). [1865- ]

In 1898, Prof. A. Dendy presented to the Museum a valuable set of
preparations, 85 in number, made from South Australian Sponges,
described by him in the Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 1895-7.

778 Zoology.

Funafati Boring Expedition.

llie Sponges (31 specimens) obtained by the Expedition were dredged
in and around Funafuti Atoll in depths ranging from 30 to 145 fathoms.
The specimens were obtained with great difficulty owing to the uneven
rocky nature of the bottom. The collection includes Astrosdera willeyana
Lister, the representative of a new order of Calcareous Sponges, and
Flectroninta hindei Kpk., a new Lithonine Sponge. The collection was
described by R. Kirkpatrick in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1900.

Presented by the Koyal Society, London.

Japanese Hezactinellida.

In 1898, the Trustees purchased from Mr. Alan Owston his splendid
collection of Japanese HexactineUid Sponges, obtained from depths of 150-
300 fathoms in the Inland Sea.

The collection, wliich contains several specimens unique in size,
includes some types described by Profi I. Ijima in the Zool. Anzdger and
Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo.

These magnificent specimens which are exhibited in the Coral Gallery,
were obtained by means of long lines furnished with hooks. This
method, which has long been emjJoyed by the Japanese deep-sea shark
fishers, avoids the crushing of specimens which is apt to occur when
dredges are used.

Johnston (George). [1797-1855]

In 1847, Dr. George Johnston presented to the Trustees his col-
lection of British Sponges, consisting of 148 specimens, described and
figured in his classical work, "The History of British Sponges and
Lithophytes," published in 1842.

Lamarck (Jean Baptiste Pibbre Antoine de Monet de).
[1744-1829]
The " Lamarck Collection ** comprises a set of 64 fragments mounted
on tablets and labelled with Lamarck's names. The fragments came
from the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, and very probably are portions of the
Lamarckian type-Bi)ecimens.

Lendenfeld (Robert von). [1858- ]

In 1887, the Museum acquired, by piirchase, the large collection of
Sponges obtained by Dr. Lendenfeld off the coasts of Australia and
New Zealand, the majority of the specimens coming from the east coast
of Australia. The collection includes the types of species of Homy
Sponges described in the " Monograph of Homy Sponges," and of species
of Chalinid Sponges, described in the " Zoologische Jahrbiicher," vol. ii.,
1887.

In 1896, the Museum acquired a set of specimens (including co-types)
of Adriatic Sponges, described by Dr. Lendenfeld in his " Monograph of
Adriatic Sponges" (^published in parts in the "Zeitsch. Wiss. Zool."
1891-92; "Denkschr. Akad. Wien," 1894 ; " Nova Acta," 1898), and a
set of preparations of Sponges from Zanzibar (described in Abhand.
Senckenberg-Gesellsch., 1897).

''Porcupine/' Expedition of H.M.S.

In 1882, the Sponges (178 specimens) obtained during the five cruises
of the " Porcupine " reached the Museimi. The first three cmises were
in tlie North Atlantic, ofl* the west coasts of Ireland and Scotland, and in

Protozoa. 779

the Faroe Channel ; the fourth and fifth were off the coast of Portugal
and in the Mediterranean. These collections were worked out by Dr. H.
J. Carter, F.R.S., and described in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1874 and
1876.

Presented by the Lords of the Treasury.

Schmidt (Edward Oscar). [1823-1886]

In 1867, Prof. Oscar Schmidt published his important memoir " Die
Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres,'* and in 1864 and 1866 a first and
second supplement to tliat memoir. In 1868 he published memoirs on
the Sponges of Algeria ; in 1870 an outline of the Spo;Qge Faima of the
Atlantic, and in 1879 a memoir on the Sponges of the Gulf of Mexico,
Specimens and slides prepared from t3rpe-specimen8 of many of tlie
Sponges described in the above memoirs were purchased by the British
Museum.

HYDROZOA.
A. Hydroida.

Busk (George). [1807-1886]

In 1889, the Misses Busk presented to the Trustees their father's
collection of Hydroida, consisting of 181 specimens, and including
moimted fragments of Linnean types, and the " Rattlesnake " collection
described by Mr. Busk in the Appendix to Macgillivray's account of the
voyage of H.M.S. ''Rattlesnake,'' published in 1862.

" Challenger/' Expedition of H.M.S.

In 1888, the Hydroida obtained by the " Challenger " arrived at the
Museum. The collection, consisting of 93 specimens, was described by
Prof. G. J. Allman in his Report on the " Challenger'' Hydroida, pub-
lished in two parts : —

Part h'—riumularUda. 1883.

Part II. — Tuhularina, Corymorjpihinx, Campanularinss, Sertularinw,
and Thalamophora. 1888.

Among the most interesting deep-sea types were the species of
Styladella symbiotic with Keratose Sponges, and the extraordinary
Branchiocerianthis (MonocaiUus) imperator, Allman, from 2900 fathoms
in the Pacific, one of the most remarkable organisms obtained by the
" Challenger," (Note. In 1903, two finely preserved specimens of B,
imperator from Sagami Bay, 300 fathoms, were acquired by purchase.)

Gatty (Margaret).

In 1886, Miss M. Gatty presented to the Trustees a collection of
42 specimens of Hydroida, including types of species described by Prof.
G. J. Allman in the Joum. Linn. Soc. for 1886. The majority of the
specimens came from Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

HinckB (Thomas). [1818-1899]

In 1899, the widow of the Rev. Thomas Hincks, F.R.S., presented to
the Trustees her late husband's collection of Hydroida, consisting of
99 specimens, and including several type specimens of species described
in the " History of British Hydroid Zoophytes," by T. Hincks, 1868.

780 Zoology.

Johnston (George). [1797-1855]

In 1847, Dr. George Johnston presented to the Trustees his collection
of Hydroida, comprising 148 specimens, and including types and other
.si)ecimens described and figured in his " History of British Zoophytes,"

1847.

Lendenfeld (Robert von). [1858- ]

In 1886, the I'rustees purchased Dr. Lendenfeld's collection of
Australian Hydroida (110 specimens), including types, described in the
Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1884-85.

Smithsonian Institution.

In 1902, the Museum received in exchange from the Smithsonian
Institution, j^er Prof. C. C. Nutting, 29 specimens and portions of speci-
mens of Hydroida, described by Prof. Nutting in his Re[)ort on American
Hydroids, Part I., Plumularivice,

B. Oceanic Hydrozoa.

'' Challenger/' Expedition of H.M.S.

In 1882, the Museum received the Deep-Sea Medusa; coUected by the
" Challenger,^'* The collection, consisting of 12 specimens, is described
by Prof. E. Haeckel in the " Challenger ^^ Report on the Deep-Sea
Medusae.

In 1899, the Museum received the ^* Challenger^ Siphonophora
(24 specimens), described by Prof. E. Haeckel in the " Challenger "
Heport on the group.

Lendenfeld (Robert von). [1858- ]

In 1886, the Museum purchased from Dr. R. von Lendenfeld a small
collection consisting of 35 specimens and preparations of Scyphomedusa',
including 3 types, described in the Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., 1884-85.

C. Hydrocouallix^.

'' Challenger/' Expedition of H.M.S.

In 1880, the Museum received the " Challenger " Stylasteridm
(36 specimens), described in Prof. H. N. Moseley's " Challenger " Report
on that group.

In 1886, the Museum received the " Challenger " collection of
Milleporida (17 specimens), described by J. J. Quelch in the ** Chal-
Jmger" Report on the Reef Corals.

POLYZOA.

Busk (George). [1807-1886]

In 1899, the Misses Busk presented to the Trustees the ''Busk
Collection " made by their father, the late George Busk, F.R.S. This
great collection, which consists of 112 specimens in boxes, and of 7000
si)ecimens mounted on slides, includes those collected by H.M.S. BaUle-
snake ofif the coasts of Australia, and described in the Appendix to