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THE 


HISTORY  OP  THE  COUNTY 


A2a> 


CITY    OF    CORK. 


BT 


Eev.    C.    B.    GIBSON,    M.R.  LA. 


"  The  spreading  Lee,  that  like  an  island  fayrc, 
Encloseth  Corke  with  his  divided  flood." —  Spenser. 

*•  The  Mayor  of  the  town,  with  his  brethren,  received  him  in  ther  skarlet  prowns,  and 
*  !icr  tvp^ts  of  velvett,  after  the  English  fashion,  and  made  u«  the  boste  chore  that  ever  we 
h*d  in  owcr  lyvea." — State  Paper, 


IN    TWO    VOLUMES.. 


VOL.  II. 


■       »    • 


•      • 


•  •      • 


!•  •  • 


•      •  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  •  • 

-  •         •  • 

«••         •  • 


»  ■  •      •  • 

•  •     •  •  •  * 

•  «  •  •      *        - 


LONDON: 
THOMAS  C.  NEWBY,  30,  WELBECK   STREET. 

1861  . 


THE 


284628 


T<L. 


1»«S 


...J 


CORK  : 

PRINTED     BY     GUY     BKOTIIBRS, 

ACADEMY  STEEKT. 


hi  0f  ^nhtnhx%. 


His  Exoellbnct  Fbxdibigk  William,  EARL  of  CARLISLE,  K.G.,M.R.I.A., 

Lord  Lieutbnaxt  ot  Irelakd. 


ADAMS,  Thomas  T.,  J.P.,  Tipperaiy 
Adams,  Thomas,  Cork 
Adams,  John,  Cork 
Aldworth,  R.  0  ,  D.L.,  Newmarket  Ho. 
Allen,  Colonel,  Douglas 
Allin,  James,  Handon 
Allman,  G.  J.,  F.R.S.,&c.,  Prof.  Edin- 
burgh UniverBity 
Allman,  R.  W.,  Bandon 
Anderson,  Sir  J.  C,  Bart.,  London 
Anderson,  Greorge,  London 
Anster,  J.,LL.D.,Prof.  Law,  R.,T.C.D 
Amott,  Sir  J.,  M.P.,  Monkstown 
Amott,  Lady,  Monkstown 
Amott,  Thomas,  Glasgow 
Amott  &  Co*s  Library,  Cork 
Arthur,  D.L.,  J.P.,  London 
Ashe,  Edmond,  Cork 
Atkin,  J.  Drew,  Eingstown 
Atkins,  J.  Cotter,  Cork 

BABINGTON,  Thomas,  Monkstown 
Baker,  Godfrey  T.,  D.L.,  Fortwilliam 
Baker,  William,  Cork 
Bailey,  C,  M.P.,  London 
Baldwin,  H.,  M.D.,  Macroom 
Bahdoit,  Rt.  Hon.  Earl  of,  Bandon 
Barlow,  Captain,  Queenstown 
Barry,  G.  8.,  D.L.,  Lemlara 
Barry,  J.  Redmond,  Dublin 
Barry,  J.  T.,  Youghal 
Barry,  William  BL,  Cork 
Barry,  James,  Youghal 
Barry,  John,  Midleton 
Barry,  Philip,  M.D.,  Mallow 
Barry,  J.  H.,  Buttevant 
Barry,  Rer.  D.  T.,  C.C.,  Booterstown 
Barry,  Darid,  EJngstown 
Barrett,  W.,  Barbadocs— Cork 
Barter,  B.,  J.P.,  Lirias,  Cork 


Barter,  Doctor,  Blarney 

Batwell,  W.  E.,  Belfast 

Bayley,  R.  U.,  Nenagh 

Beamish,  F.  B.,  M.P  ,  D.L  ,  Cork 

Beamish,  Lieut.>Col.,  E.H.,  Lota  Park 

Becher,  Lady,  Ballygiblin 

Becher,  J.  W ,  J.P.,  Hollybrook 

Bell,  William,  Cork 

Benn,  Edward,  Belfast 

Bennett,  George,  Bandon 

Bennett,  John,  Cork 

Bernard,  Hon.  Colonel,  M.P.,  Bandon 

Bernard,  Hon.  Col ,  Ooolmaine  Cast  e 

Bernard,  Hon.  and  Rev.  C.  B.,  Bandon 

Berry,  P.,  Surgeon,  Mallow 

Berwick,  Hon,  Judge,  Dublin 

Blacker,  Rev.  B,  H.,  Blackrock,  Dublin 

Bourke,  J.  W.,  Cork 

Bowen,  J.  junior,  Cork 

Bowles,  S.,  J.P.,  Fermoy 

Boyle,  Lady  J.,  Courtmacsherry 

Brady,  Rev.  W.  M.,  Rector  of  Clonfert, 

Newmarket 
Brady,   C,   Registrar  to   Bankruptcy 

Court,  Dublin 
Brash,  William,  Cork 
Brash,  Richard,  Cork 
Brennan,  J.  B.,  Cork 
Brosnan,  Rev.  T.  C,  R.C.C.,  Millstrcct 
Brown,  J.  C,  D.L.,  M.R.I.A.,  Carlo w 
Brown,  Rev.  Canon,  Cork 
Brown,  William,  Dundee 
Bryan,  William,  Passage 
Bryan,  J.  H.,  Dunmanway 
Buckley,  Rev.  C,  P.P.,  Buttevant 
Buckley,  Rev.  M.,  R.C.C.,  Desertserges 
Buckley,  Rev.  T.,  P.P.,  Ballyclough,  &c 
Buckley,  Rev.  J.,  C.C,  Fermoy 
Bullen,  Rev.  W.  C,  Rector  of  HatficM 

Heath,  Essex 


IV. 


LIST    OF    SUBSCRIBERS. 


Bullen,  D.  B.,  Prof  of  Surgery,  Queen's 

College,  Cork 
Burke,  Sir  B.,  Ulster  Kiiig-at-Arms, 

Dublin  Castle 
Burke,Edmund,  D.L.,61enbrook  House 
Burrowes,  Sir  E.  D  ,  M.R.T.A.,  Port- 

arlington 
Bustee^  J.  W.,  M.D.,  Tralee 
Busleed,  Mrs.,  Douglas 
Byam,  Rer.  R.  B.,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Eew, 

London 
Byrne,  John,  Monkstown 

CADE,  Francis,  Cork 

Cagney,  Dayid,  J.P.,  Monkstown 

Cagney,  Michael,  J.P.,  Cork 

GaUanan,  A.  H..  M.D.,  Cork 

Gantillon,  Charles,  Cork 

Cabbert,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord,  Castlefireke 

Carbery,  William,  J.P.,  Youghal 

Carmichael,  J.,  Cork 

Carmichael  &  Co.'s  Library,  Cork 

Cam^e,  J.  D.,  Cork 

CarroU,  Richard,  J.P.,  Fermoy 

Carter,  S.  C.  E.,  Kilkenny 

Casey,  ReT.  F.  L.,  Cork 

Casey,  Rev.  D.,  Castlelyons 

Casey,  Michael,  Cork 

Cashcl,  Very  Rey.  Dean  of,  Cashel 

Caye  Mrs.  S,  Rossbrin  Manor 

Chambers,  (George,  London 

Chambers,  R,  B^mount 

Cbatterton,  Lt.-6en.  Sir  J.  C,  Bart., 

K.H.,  Ac  .Folkestone,  Kent 
Cbatterton,  Thos.  J.  Green,  Tous^hal 
Cbatterton,  Hedg^  E.,  Q.C.,  Dublin 
Chetwode,  Ed.  W.,  J.P.,  M.R.I.A., 

PortarlingtoB 
Chinnery,  Rey.  Sir  N.,  Bart,  London 
Clanchy,  Daniel,  D  L.,  Charleyille 
Clarke,  Dr.,  Dep.  Inspect  -Gen.,  Cork 
Clarke,  Capt.,  Harbour  Master,  Cork 
Cleburne,  Edward,  Cork 
CleUmd,  James,  J.P.,  Kirkcubbin  House 

county  Down 
Cliffe,  W.,  Glenmore,  Lismore 
Clonmacnoise,  Very  Rey.  the  Dean  of 
Coehhm,  Charles,  Cork 
Coleman,  Mrs.  £.,  Herts,  St.  Albany 
Collins,  M.  T.,  Cork 
Collis,  Rey.  M.  S.,  Fermoy  House 
Coltsman,  D.  Cronin,  J.  P.,  Flesk  Castle 
Conway,  Rey.  P.,  Cork 
Coppii^er,  William  S..  Barry's  Court 
Coppinger,    F.,    Monkstown    Castle, 

DubUn 
Gorballis,  J.  R.,  Rosemount,  Co,  Dublin 
Oorbett,  J.  H.,  M.D.,  L.B^.8  I.,  ProC 

of  Queen's  College,  Cork 


Cork,  Right.  Hon  the  Earl  of,  D.L. 

Cork  Harbour  Board  Commissioners 

Cotter,  Sir  J.  L.,  Bart.,  Eastly,  Mallow 

Cotter,  Rey.  G.  E.,  A.M.,  Rockforcst, 
Mallow 

Cotton,  Charles,  Cork 

Coughlan,  Mrs.  Cork 

Covene^,  Rey.  Dr.,  Kinsale 

Cox,  Miss,  Dunmanway 

Crane,  Thomas  8.,  Cork 

Crawford,  William,  J.P.,  T^akelands 

Creedon,  Rey.  John  D.,  P.P.,  Dri mo- 
league 

Crofton,  Capt ,  C.B.,  Dublin  Castle 

Crofts,  C,  Butteyant 

Croke,  Rey.  Doctor,  Fermoy 

Croker,  C.  P.,  M.D.,  M.R.I.A,  Dublin 

Croljr,  H.  G.,  M.D.,  Dublin 

Cronin,  D.,  Monkstown 

Cronin,  Rey.  J.,  P.P.,  Midleton 

Cummins,  N.,  J.P.,  Ashley  House 

Curtayne,  W.  Cork 

Curtin,  T.,  M.D.,  Carrigmahon 

Cussen,  Very  Rey.  R ,  P.P.,  V.G.,  Bruff 

DALE,  Edward,  Cork 
D' Altera,  J.  J.,  Aldemey 
Danckert,  J.,  Cork 
Dayidson,  J.  C,  Monkstown 
Dayis,  R.  G.,  J.  P.,  Killeagh 
Dayis,  J.  N.  C.  A.,  M.R.C.S.L 
Dayis,  J.  W.,  Dublin 
Daunt,  W.  J.  O'N.,  Kilcascan 
Deasy,  Right  Hon.  Baron,  Dublin 
De  la  Cour,  Rey.  R.  W.,  Killowen 
Delany,  Right  Rey.  Dr.,  R.C.  Bishop 

of  Cork 
Delany,  Barry,  M.D.,  Kilkenny 
Dennehy,  Bey.  H.  E.,  Queenstown 
Dennehy,  Walter,  Fermoy 
Db  Vbbgi,  Rt.  Hon.  Viscount,  King's 

County 
DsyoNSHiBB,  His  Grace  the  Duke  of, 

Lismore  Castle 
Dilworth,  Rey.  D.,  P.P.,  Kilworth 
Donegan,  D.,  Cork 
Donegan,  J.,  Cork 

DoMBRAZLB,  Rt.  HoB.  Earl  of,  Doneraile 
DoNOiroHMOBB,  Bight  Hon.  Earl  of, 

Tipperary 
Donoyan,  R.,  Sirmount,  Qycns 
Donoyan,  J.,  Cork 
Dore,  Bey.  D.,  Skibbereen 
Dowden,  Richard  (Rd.),  Cork 
Dowden,  J.  W.,  Cork 
Downing,  J.  M*C.,  Skibbereen 
Drew,  KeY.  P.  W.,  Youghal 
Drinui,  W.  A.,  Cork 
Drury,  Henry,  Youghal 


LIST    OS   8UBSCBIBBR8. 


V. 


Donbtr,  Jofopb,  Cork 
Dancan,  Captain,  DeTonfihiro 
Bann,  MiduMl,  Cork 
Dnim,  Geoige^  Glennj 
Dmueombe,  Key.  N  C,  Clonakilty 
Dunsoontbe,  N.,  J.P.,  Eingwilliams- 

towiL  House 
Dyaa,  J.  W.,  Cork 
I^ke,  Mrs.,  Liveipool 

XDWABDS,  0.,  C.E.,  Cork 
£gant  C.  B.,  J.P.,  Monkstown 
England,  J.,  Monkstown 
±.Tans,  Rev.  B.  M.,  A.M.,  Cloyne 
Srans,  R.  B.,  Cork 
Ereritt,  WilUun,  Skibbereen 

TALYET,.  Very  Ect.  J.,^  P.P.,  Glan- 

mire 
Fbbmot,   Eight   Hon.    Lord,   M.P., 

Trabolgan 
Ferris,  EeT.  T.,  Ballyhooly 
Finn,  Ber.  J.,  Spike  Island 
Finn,  R,  M.D.,  Cork 
Finn,  Daniel,  Cork 
Fitzgerald,  Et.  Eev.  Dr.,  Lord  Bishop 

of  Cork 
Fitzgerald,  Edward,  Youghal 
Fletcher,  John,  Cork 
Fljnn,  James,  M.D.,  Kilkenny 
Foott,  H.  B.,  J.P.,  Carrigacunna  Castle 
Foott,  Very  Rey.  D.,  Cork 
Fox,  Eer.  William,  Mallow 
Forsayeth,  T  ,  Q.C.,  Eecorder  of  Cork 
Franklin,  John,  Cork 
Franks,  Henry,  Cork 
Freeman,  Mrs.  T.  £.,  Cork 
Freeman,    EeT.  E.  !>.,  Ardnageehy, 

County  Cork 
Freeman,.  Eev.  C,  E.C.C.,  Passage 
French,  Thomas  G.,  J. P.,  Marino 
Furlong,  John,  Fermoy 

GA6B£TT,EeT  E.J.,Foynes,  County 

Limerick 
Galrin,  Ect.  J.,  Monkstown 
Gamble,  MichaeL  Cork 
Gardiner,  ColoneL  Cork 
Gardner,  W.  B.,  Cork 
Gaskell,  P.  Penn,  Washington,  America 
G^an,  A.,  J.P.,  Kilworth 
Gibson,  W.  E.,  Blackrock,  Cork 
Gilfanan,  Sylvester,  Cork 
GiOman,  B.  W.,  Major,  Clonakilty 
Girens,  Mathew,  Hunting  Ilill 
Gla»ow,  William,  Old  Court 
GooMj  Pierce,  Monkstown 
GoUock,  T.,  J.P.,  Forest,  Coachfoid 
Gordon,  Sir  J.,  Cork 


Gould,  £.  J.,  Belleville,  Cork 
Grace,  John  A.,  Dublin 
Grant,  T.  St  John,  D.L.,  Kilworth. 
Grant,  Miss,  Perth 
Grant,  Eev.  P.  W.,  Darlington 
Grant,  Alexander,  Monkstown 
Gray,  Captain,  Lotaville 
Greer,  AQred,  J.  P.,  Dripsey  House 
Green,  Murdock,  Dublin 
Green,  John,  Waterford 
Griffin,  Bight  Eev.  Dr.,  Lord  Bishop  of 
Limerick 

HACKETT,  Sir  W.,  J.P.,  Cork 

Haines,  John  S.,  Cork 

Haines,  Charles  C,  Mallow 

Hallowell,  Kev.  A.  B.,  ClonakiUy 

Hall,  Eobert,  Cork 

Hammond,  J.,  Queenstown 

Hare,  Hon.  Eobert,  J.P  ,  Queenstown 

Harley,  John,  Cork 

Harman,  J.,  Woodriew,  Mallow 

Harrison,  Henry,  Castle  Harrison 

Harvey,  G.  N.,  Consul,  Cork 

Haughton,  Benjamin,  Cork 

Hay,  Peter,  Spike  Island 

H-ayes,  William,  Cork 

Heard,  John  I.,  D.L.,  Kinsalo 

Hedffes,  W  H.  W.,  Hon.,  Lieut.-CoL, 

D  Jj.,  Macroom  Castle 
Hcnnessy,  J.   C,  J.  P.,   Bollindeasig 

House 
Herbert,  Et.  Hon.  H.  A.,  M.P.,  Muck- 

ross  ^bbey 
Herrick,  T.  B.,  J.P.,  Innishannon 
Hickmau,  Colonel,  Monkstown 
Hickson,  E.  C,  Fermoyle,  Kerry 
Hill,  J.  C,  Co.  Surveyor,  1  ullamore 
Hoare,  Sir  E.,  Bart.,  J.P.,  Kent 
Hoare,  Capt.  E.,  N.  Cork  Rifles,  Cork 
Hobart,  S.,  M.D.,  Cork 
Hobson,  S.  Le  H.,  Youghal 
Hoddor,  Capt.  S.,  J.P.,  Ringabella 
Hodder,  John  T^  Ballea  Castle 
Hodder,  John,  Cork 
Hednett,  Jeremiah,  Youehkl 
Hogan,  Eev.  W.,  P.P.,  Uastlemagner 
HoCTave,  Francis,  PhiHpstown 
Holland,  Rev.  T.,  Bandon 
Holmes,  Thomas,  Cork 
Hopkins,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Kinsale 
Horgan,  Rev.  M.,  South  Convent,  Cock 
Horgan,  Rev.  D.,  P  P.,  Ballincollig 
Horgan,  Rev.  M.,  P.P.,  Killamey 
Horgan,  Rev.  W.,  C.C,  Cloyne 
Howie,  Rev.  J.,  A.M.,  Dean  of  Cloyue 
Hudson,  J.,  Bay  View,  Shangarry 
Hudleston,  J.  A.,  Killicey,  Dublin 
Hull,W.n.,J.r.,LcmcoiiManor,Skull 


VI. 


LIST    OF   8UB8CBIBK&8. 


Hungerford,  T.,  J.P. ,  The  lalandyClona- 

kilty 
Hongerford,  T.,  J.P.,  Oahirmore,  Roes 
Hongerford,  Thomas  W.,  Willow  Hill, 

Carrigaline 
Hunt,  Ed.  L.,  Daneefort,  Mallow 
Hutchins,  Emanuel,  Bantry 
Hyde,  John,  Creg,  Fermoy 
Hyde,  H.  B.,  London 

INCHIQUIN,  Right  Hon.  Lord,  Dro- 
moland,  Co.  Clt^e 

JA60,  R.  P.,  Einsale 

Jameson,  Thomas,  Cork 

Jones,  Thomas,  Glenhrook  Baths 

Johnson,  Noble,  Rockenham 

Johnson,  G.  C.,R.  N.,  J.P.,  Rockenham 

Johnson,  William,  Ck>rk 

Johnson,  J.  B.,  Hermitage 

Johnson,  James,  London 

Joyce,  John,  Cork 

Jenkins,  W.,  Q.C.,  LL.D.,  Dublin 

Jennings,  T.,  Cork 

Julian,  Henry  Bacon,  Cork 

Justice,  H.  Chinnery,  Dublin 

Justice,  T.  H.,  M.D.,  N.  Cork  Rifles, 

Mallow 
Justice,  William  T ,  Yorkshire 

KANE,  Sir  Robert,  President  of  Cork 
Queen's  College 

Keane,  Right  Rev.  Dr.,  R.C.  Bishop  of 
Cloyne 

Eeane,  James,  Cork 

Kearse,  William,  Cork 

Kelleher,  Rev.  J.,  P  P.,  Kinsale 

Kelly,  J.  H.,  M.D.,  Spike  Island 

Keneflck,  Martin,  Kinsale 

Kenny,  J.  C.  F.,  A.B.,  M.R.I.A.,  J.P., 
Dublin 

Keldabb,  Mo8tHon.Marquis,  M.R.I.A. 
Carton 

Kingston,  Rev.  J.,  Dorset 

Kircnofler,  Rev.  R.  B.,  A.M.,  Macroom 

Kyle,  Rev.  8.  M.,  Vic.  Gen.,  Arch- 
deacon of  Cork 

LAFFAN,  John,  Lismore 

Lambkin,  Robert,  Femev 

Lambkin,  James,  J.P.,  Cork 

Lamcrte,  John  T.,  Cork 

Lane,  Denny,  Cork 

Lander,  Robert,  Kinsale 

Larcom,  Major-Gen.,  C.B.,  M.R.I.A., 

Dublin  Castle 
Leahy,  F.  R.,  Shanakidl  House 
Leahy,  Thos.  J.,  Castletown,  Berehavcn 
Ltnnihan,  M.,  Limorick 


Lentaigne,  J  ,  LL.D.,  Dublin  Castle 

Lewis,  D  L.,  London 

Lewis,  Mrs.  D.  L.,  London 

Lloyd,  C.  W.,  Strancally  CasUe,  Co. 

Waterford 
Loane,  A.,  A.M.,  M.D.,  Bandon 
Longfield,  M.,  D.L.,  Castlemary 
Limrick,  T.H.,  Union  Hall 
Linehan,  J.,  C.E.,  Cork 
Lindsoy,  E.^L.D.,  Blackrock,  Cork 
LisTowEL,  The  Countess,  Convamore 
Lucas,  Major,  A.  H.,  J.P.,  Fermoy 
Lyons,  Francis,  LL.D.,  M.P.,  Cork 
Lyons,  Rev.  T.,  Spike  Island 
Lyons,  T.,  Sunville,  Cork 

Mao  CARTHY,  D.  (Glas),  Hants 
Mao  Carthy,  D.,  Glencurrah 
Macdonell,  Rev.  R.,  D.D.,  Provost  of 

T.C.,  Dublin 
Mac  Dowell,  Peter,  R. A.,  London 
Mackay,  U.  R.,  BaUyroberts  Castle 
Mackesy,  Mrs.,  Castletown,  Navau 
Mackenzie,  J.  T.,  London 
Maginn,  Rev.  C.  A ,  M.A.,  Castletown- 

roche 
Maguire,  Rev  A.,  Cork 
Maguire,  J.  F.,  M.P.,  Passage 
Mahon,  M  M.,  Churchtown  House 
Mahony,  K.,  J.P.,  Cullina,  Killamcy 
Mahony,  Martin,  Cork 
Mannix,  H.,  J.P.,  Glanmire 
Marsh,  William,  Cork 
M'Cabe,  Rev.  N..  Cork 
M*Cartby,  J.,  J.P.,  Rathduane 
M*Carthy,  Mrs.  J.,  Cork 
McCarthy,   Rev.  C,  P.P.,  Aghinagh 

Macroom 
McCarthy,  Charles,  Cork 
McCarthy,  J.  G.,  F.R.S.,  Cork 
M'Cheane,  Rev.  J.C,  Glanmire 
M*Daniel,  Captain,  R,N.,  J.P.,  Kinsale 
Meagher,  Daniel,  Cork 
M'Garry,  W.,  Buttevant 
M'Gragh,  P.,  Millstreet 
MiDLBTON,  Rt.  Hon.  Viscount,  D.L., 

London 
M^Kenzie,  Thomas,  Cork 
M*Namara  Rev.  J..  R.C.C.,  Cork 
M'Namara,  Alexander  F.,  J.P.,  Cork 
M*Namara,  John,  Cork 
Moody,  J.,  Assistaat  Barrister,  West 

Riding  of  Cork 
Molony,  John,  BaUinaboy 
Morgan,  James,  Cork 
Morgan,  Captam,  Bunahin  House 
Monarty,  Right  Kcv.  Dr.,  R.C.  Bishop 

of  Kerry 
Moriarty,  Rov.  M.,  Mallow 


LIST   OP    8UB8CBIBEB8. 


Til. 


Moriarty,  John,  Mallow 
M oriarty,  J.,  Bandon 
Morris,  Jonas,  Dimkathal 
Morrison,  W.  B.  A.,  Cork 
Morrogh,  J.,  J.P.,  Oldconrt,  Boneraile 
Mowle,  Ccmtain  S.  S.,  Cork 
Mnllaii,  Fdiix,  J.P.,  Monkstown 
Mnrphy,  Very  Bev.  Dean,  P  J».,  V.G., 

Coik 
Muiphy,  Ber.  J.  J.,  B.O.C.,  Cork 
Murphy,  J.  K,  D.L.,  Clifton 
Murphy,  J.,  J.P.,  Bing  Mahon 
Murphy,  J.  J.,  Bellevue 
Murphy,  N.  D.,  Cork 
Murphy,  N.,  J.P..  MicQeton 
Muiphy,  J.  B ,  City  Gaol,  Cork 
Muiphy,  F.  M.,  Cork 
Murphy,  John,  Goreshridge 
Murray,  Bar.  T.,  P.P.,  V.G.,  Boascar- 

bery 
Murray,  Maurice,  Cork 
MuBgrare,  Sir  B.,  Bart,  D.L.,  Tourin 

K  AGLE,  Dayid  A ,  Queenfitown 

NoUett,  Henry,  Cork 

Noreott,  Arthur,  Park,  Doneraile 

Norcott,  James,  Springfield,  ButteTant 

Norman,  F.,  Qitk 

Norreyi,  Sir  B.  J.,  Bart,  D.L.,  Mallow 

CasUe 
Norreys,  W.  D  ,  J.P.,  Mallow  Castle 
Kcwefi,  F.  W.,  LL  D.,  Cork 
Newenham,  BeT.  £.,  Coolmore 
Newman,  Bey.  William,  Kinsala 
Newman,  Mrs.,  Dromore,  Mallow 
Newsom,  Samuel,  Cork 

(yBBIEN,  Bev  H.,  LL.D.,  Cork 
O'Brien,  William  Smith,  Cahermoylc 
O'Brien,  Michael,  Monkstown 
O'Callaghan,  J.,  Bock  Cottage,  Skull 
O'Connell,  Bev.  C,  B.C.C.,  Cork 
CConnell,  Bev.  J.,  B.C.C.,  Cork 
O'ConncU,  Philip,  Cork 
O'Connor,  Rev.  W.,  P.P.,  Passage 
O'Connor,  TneKerry,  Listowel 
O'Connor,  D.  C  ,  M.D.,  Cork 
O' Donovan,  The,  Montpeliei,  Douglas 
O' Donovan,  J.,  (Bossa,)  Skibbereen 
O'Donnavan,  W.,  LL.D.,  Purtarlington 
0'D(»wd,  James,  London 
O'Farrell,  Bev.  T.,  R.C.C.,  Cloyne 
O' Flanagan,  T.  B  ,  M.B.I.A.,  Dublin 
O' Gorman,  Thomas,  Dublin 
O'Halloran,  Rev.  S.,  Cloyne 
O'H anion.  Rev.  John,  Dublin 
O'llara,  Henrv,  Cork 
O'Hea,  Right  Rev.  Dr.,  B.C.  Bishop  of 
Bow 


O'Keeffe,  Bev.  J.,  B.C.C.,  Drimoleague 

O'Keeffe,  William,  Cork 

Oliver,  Silver,  Lichera 

O'Regan,  Bev.  P.  D.,  P.P.,  Kanturk 

O'Biordflm,  D.,  Dublin 

Ormond,  Bobcoi,  Cork 

Orpen,  Abel,  Mallow 

Oipin,  Herbert,  M.D.,  J.P.,  Bantry 

CShea,  Very  Bev.  Aitshdeacon,  Corit 

aSuUivan,  Bev.  William,  Cork 

CSullivan,  Bev.  T.,  B.C.C.,  Tracton 

C  Sullivan,  P.,  Berehaven 

PAGE,  Joseph,  Cork 

Parke,  Wilham,  Drumsna,  Co.  Leitrim 

Parker,  W.  D'Esterre,  Passage 

Parker,  William,  Cork 

Penrose,  Samuel,  Shandangan 

Penrose,  George,  Cork 

Perrier,  A.,  J.P.,  Lota  Park 

Perrott,  Bichard,  Cork 

Peterson.  N.,  Cork 

Pierse,  De  Lacy  &  Nash,  London 

Pim,  James  £.,  Cork 

Popham,  Bobt.,  Mabeg  House,  Bandon 

Power,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Cork 

Power,  F.  G.^  Mountmellick 

Portlock,  Major-General,  B.E.,  LL.D., 

F.  B.8.,  &c.,  ftc,  London 
Prior,  Sir  James,  F.S.A.,  P.B.,  London 
Purcell,  Bichard,  Cork 
Purdon,  Charles  D.,  M.D.,  Belfast 
PuUand,  Charles,  J.P.,  Bray  Head 

Queen's  College  Library,  Cork 

BOBERTSON,  Charles,  Perth 
Robinson,  Bev.  J.  L.,  Rector  of  Butte- 

vant 
Robinson,  B.  B.,  Cork 
Roche,  Colonel,  J. P.,  Ballymonis 
Roche,  W.  J.,  Cork 
Rogers,  R.  H.,  Youghal 
Ronan,  Walter,  Cork 
Ronayne,  Joseph  P.,  Queenstown 
Ronayne,    John,    Ardsallagh    House, 

Youghal 
Boney,  Sir  Cusack,  London 
Rorke,  William,  Tralee 
Ring,  Joseph  R.,  Mallow 
Riordon,  M.  P.,  Dublin 
Russell,  Rev.  J.,  P.P.,  V.G.,  Cloyne 
Ryan,  Rev.  R.  J.,  P.P.,  Athea,  Limerick 
Ryan,  Michael,  Limerick 

SAINTHILL,  Bichard,  Cork 
Sandcs,  Rev.  8.  D.,  Rector  of  White- 
church 


•  •  • 

via. 


LIST   OF   8UB8CBIBXB8. 


Scannell,  John,  DeTonport 
Scott,  Robert,  Cork 
BcuUy,  Vincent,  M.P.,  Cork 
Sealy,  Mrs.,  Gortnahoma,  Bandon 
Sealy,  John,  J.P.,  Castle  Island 
Sealy,  Gaptdn  F.,  Bandon 
Seymour,  W.  D.,  Queenstown 
Shanmon,  JEUglit  Hon  Earl  of,  Castle- 
martyr 
Shaw,  A.  B.,  J.P.,  Monkstown 
Shaw,  William,  J.P.,  Bandon 
Sheahan,  T.,  A«M.,  Malahide 
Sheehan,  EeT.  G.,  P.P.,  V.F.,  Bantry 
Sheehy,  Edward,  Cork 
SheridEUi,  J.  C,  Cork 
Sherman,  BeT.  J.  F.,  Dublin 
Shields,  W.  J.,  Cork 
Shirley,  Evelyn  P.,  A.M.,  M.P.,  Gar- 

rickmacross 
Shnldham,  Capt.  S.  A.,  A.D.O.  to  Lord 

Lieutenant 
Skerry,  Cajpt  C.  F.,  Chatham 
Skerry,  Hiss 

Smitii,  Aqnila,  M  D.,  M.B.I.A.,  Dublin 
Smyth,  BeT.  J.  B.,  Castle  Doneen 
Smyth,  Hon.  Mrs.  Moore.  Ballinatray 
Smyth,  Mrs.,  Headborougn,  Tallow 
Someryille,  Bev.  H.,  Doneraile 
Somerville,  Thomas,  D.L ,  Skibbareen 
Spike  Island  Library 
Spratt,  H.  D.,  Pencil  Hill,  Mallow 
Stack,  Edward,  Cork 
Stawdl,  BeT.  F.,  Doneraile 
Stawell,  Mrs.  C.  H.  E.  A.,  Kilbritain 

Castle 
Stevenson,  WiUiam,  Dunse,  Scotland 
Stuabt,  Bight  Hon.  Lord  de  Deciea, 

Dromana 
Stuart,  Capt.  B.K.,  Combeimere 
Sugme,  Charlef,  J.P.,  Cork 
Sngrue,  Francis,  Monkstown 
Swanton,  Thomas,  Ballydehob 
Synge,  Sir  £.,  Bart,  D.L,  Parsonstown 

TALBOT,  Bt.  Hon  Lord  de  Malahide, 
M.B.I.A.,  F.B.S.,  Malahide  CasUe 
Talbot,  Adxniral  C,  Queenstown 
Tarrant,  C,  C.E.,  M.B  I.  A.,  Waterford 
Tattan,  Jai^,  Midleton 


Taylor,  DaTid,  Belflist 

Thackwell,  Lady,  Aghada  Hall 

Thome,  T.  H.,  B.N^  Queenstown 

Thornton,  Edward,  Cork 

Toleken,  John,  M.D.,  T.C.D.,  Dublin 

Townsend,  Horatio,  D.L.,  Woodside 

Townsend,  Samuel,  J.P.,  Dundanion 

Townsend,  S.  P  ,  Garrrcloyne  Castle 

Townsend,  William,  M.D.,  Cork 

Townsend,  E.  P.,  Cork 

Tracy,  J.  E.,  Cork 

Trarers,  Henry,  Olonakilty 

Triphook,  Bct.  J.,  Bector  of  Skull 

Tuckey,  F.  B.,  Cork 

Twomey,  Bct.  Wm.,  P.P.,  Churchtown 

UNIACKE,  General,  Youghal 
Uniacke,  Crofton,  Eilleagh 

YEBLINO,  B.,  J.P.,  Newmarket 

WALDBON,   Laurence,  M.P.,  Tip- 

perary 
Walkw,  BeT.  W.  0.,  Fermoy 
Wallis,  C.  P.,  Cork 
Walsh,  Bev.  J,,  B.C.O.,  Carrigaline 
Ware,  Thomas,  Cork 
Warren,  Bct.  B.,  Bector  of  Cannaway 
Waterford,  The  Mayor  for  1860 
Webb,  Bev.  B.  F.,  Bector  of  Dunderrow 
Webb,  Bobert,  Mallow 
Welply,  Dan,  J.P.,  Upton  House 
Welatead,  Biohard.  J.P.,  Bally  waiter 
Wheeler,  Joseph,  Queenstown 
White,  Charles  T.,  Cork 
White,  G.  M.,  J.P.,  Castlewhite 
White,  Joseph,  Olonmel 
Whitelegge,  Bct.  M.,  B.A.,  Cork 
Whitty,  Ci^tain,  Dublin  Castle 
Wilson,  B.,  Queenstown 
Williamson,  Arthur,  MaUow 
Wise,  Thos.  A ,  M.D  ,  Boetellan  Castle 
Wood,  H.  W.,  London 
Woodley,  F.,  A.B.,  Queenstown 
Worsley,  Lady,  Broekesley  Park 
Wright,  Thomas,  Clonakilty 

TOUNG,  Wm.,  Junior,  Bantry  Milk 


CONTENTS. 


Chapter.  Pagt. 

I.— The  Rebellion  in  the  City,            -               -  .  .  i 

II Bichard  Boyle,  Fint  Lord  Cork,                 -  -  -  18 

ni.—Cinl  War  in  the  Comity  Cork,                 -  -  -  52 

lY. — Oliyer  Cromwell  and  the  Commonwealth,  -  -  90 

y.— Bestoration  of  Charles  II.— Lord  BroghiU— Catholic  Petitioners 

William  Penn,         -               •               -  -  -  124 


VI.— Jamee  II.— William  IIL,  -  -  -  -      188 

yn. — Marlborough  at  Einsale — Sir  James  Cotter — Sir  Biohard  Cox 

Sir  Bichard  Kagle,  -  -  -  -  -      163 

Yin.— Tha  City  and  the  Corporation,  -  -  -176 

IX. — Armed  Societies — ^Wolfe  Tone  and  the  Bantry  Bay  Expedition — 

The  Bebellion  of  1798— The  Two  Sheares,  -  -      231 

X. — BisfranchiBement  of  County  Boroughs — ^The  Irish  Parliament— 

The  Sale  of  Irish  Boroughs — The  Legislatiye  Union,  -      256 

XII.— Whiteboys  — Sir  John  Purcell— Election  Contests  —  List  of 

Members,  -  -  -  -  -      287 

Xin.— The  Island  City  and  the  South  Suburbs,  -  -      304 

XrV.— Saint  Finn  Barrs,    -  -  -  .  340 

XY. — Queen's  College— Agricultural  Farm  — Gaols— The  Northern 

Suburbs  of  Sunday's -Well  and  Glanmire,  -  •      S62 

XYI.— GoTemment  of  Cork — list  of  Mayors  and  Sheriffs— Statement 

of  Accounts— Harbour  Board — Customs,  -  -      384 


X.  CONTENTS. 

XVII. — The  River  Lee— Blackrock  and  Ursuline  Convent — Passage— 
Giant's  StaixB — Ronayne's  Grove  —  Monkstown  Castle — Einna- 
skiddy — Rocky — Haulbowline — "Water  Club  —  Queenstown— 
Charles  Wolfe's  Grave— The  Great  Island— Bel velly  Castle,      -     403 

XVIII. — Spike  Island — Convict  Prisons — Fortifications  of  Cork  Har- 
bour— Carrigaline  River — Cork-beg — ^Trabolgan — Manufacture 
of  Flax-— Wliitegate— Aghadar— Farsid— Bofltellan,  -      422 

XIX. — Cromlechs— Castle  Mary — Cloyne  Cathedral  —  Round  Tovrer 
—  Bishop  Berkeley — Town  of  Cloyne  —  Margaret  Corker  — 
William  Penn—Ballycotton,    -  -  -  -      439 

XX. — Carrigtohill  —  James  II.  at  Ballinsperrig  —  Barry's  Court  — 
Midleton — Mogeely — Castlemartyr — ^Leper  House — Killeagh — 
Aghadoe — ^Toughal — Blackwater,  -  -  -      44i* 

XXI. — Fermoy  ^Castle-Hyde— Kilworth — Glanworth — Mitchelstown 
— Ballyhooly — Convamore — Bridgetown  Abbey — Carrigacunna 
Castle  —  Killaviillen  —  Mallow  —  Doneraile  —  Bnttevant  — 
liscarrol — CharleviUe,  -  -  .  -      464 

XXII. — Dmmneen — Ballyclongh  —  Lohort  Castle — Kantork — New- 
market —  Dromagh  —  MiUstreet  —  Xing- William's -town  — 
Maoroom — ^BaUyronmey — ^Eilcrea  Abbey — Ballincollig — Ovens 
— Blarney — St.  Anne's,  -  -  -  -477 

XXIII ^Reformatory  at  Upton  —  Bandon — Inishannon  —  Xinsale 

Eilbritain  Castle — ^Timoleagae — Dinworly  Beads — ClonakUty 
Dnnmanway  and  Sir  Richard  Cox— Castle-Freke — Rosscarbery 
— Glandore — Bawnlehan  and  theO'Donovans— Castle-Townsend 
— Skibbereen — Baltimore  and  the  O'DriscoUs — Turks — Fisheries 
Bantry— Western  Coast-^CSuUiTan  and  Puxley— Mines,       .      404 

XXIV.  —  Population  —  Houses  —  Labour -Market  —  Emigration  — 

Baronies  and  Parishes,  .  «  .  «      528 


THE 


HISTORY  OF  CORK. 


CHAPTER  I. 

THE   BEBELLION   IX   THE   CITY. 
A.D.    1603. 

Camdek  calls  Cork,  in  the  latter  half  of  the  16th 
century,  "a  populous  little  trading  town,  and  much 
resorted  to;  but  so  beset  with  rebel  enemies  on  all 
sides,  that  they  are  obliged  to  keep  constant  watch,  as 
if  the  town  were  continually  besieged ;  and  they  dare 
not  marry  out  their  daughters  in  the  country,  but 
contract  one  with  another  among  themselves,  whereby 
all  the  citizens  are  related  in  one  degree  or  other." 

The  chief  magistrate  was  chosen  for  the  space  of  a 
hundred  and  seventy-five  years — that  is,  from  1435 
to  1610 — with  but  five  exceptions,*  from  the  following 
names : — Goulds,  Koches,  Terry s.  Meads,  Coppingers, 
Gblways,  Sarsfields,  Morroghs,  Skiddys,  Konaynes, 
Walters,   and  LavaUyns.     Sir  Henry   Sydney  tells 

♦  The  Jive  exceptumt  ar« — Godfrey  Naiole,  John  Mezca,  Christopher  Creagh, 
Henry  Walsh,  and  Francis  Iffartel. 

voLt  n.  1 


I  niSTOBY   OF   CORK. 

Elizabeth  to  take  care  of  the  towns,  as  "  the  loss  of 
them  would  be  the  loss  of  the  whole  kingdom."  He 
says,  *^  they  are  the  only  force  your  majesty  has  to 
trust,  out  of  the  English  pale  of  this  realm.'*  He 
styles  them  ^^  high  'pieces  of  regard^ 

It  was  the  policy  of  the  government  of  the  day  to 
foment  a  bad  feeling  between  the  town  and  country. 
If  the  spirit  of  rebellion  which  reigned  abroad  through- 
out the  country  had  possessed  the  towns,  the  whole 
kingdom  would  have  passed  from  under  the  British 
rule;  the  towns  were,  therefore,  chartered,  coaxed, 
and  petted.  But  it  was  impossible  to  blind  them  to 
the  fact,  that  the  town  is  fed  by  the  country ;  that  to 
devastate  the  country  is  to  starve  the  city.  Though 
the  merchants  of  Cork  would  not  marry  their  daughters 
to  formers,  they  must  buy  their  wheat  and  oats,  their 
milk  and  butter,  their  sheep  and  oxen.  These  things 
were  of  more  value  than  charters,  "  remarkable  caps," 
or  chains  of  gold.*  When  the  pressure  from  without 
came,  Waterford  shut  her  gates  in  the  face  of  the 
viceroy,  and  the  Beautiful  City  assumed  the  impe- 
rious airs  of  a  queen.  Sir  George  Carew  did  not 
contemplate  this  when  he  sent  his  soldiers  through 
Munster  to  destroy  the  food  of  the  people,  but  the 
Lord  Deputy  Mountjoy  did,  for  in  his  letter  to  the 
lords  of  the  council,  dated  26th  of  February,  1603,  he 
speaks  of  "a  dearth  and  famine  which  is  already 
begun,  and  must  of  necessity  grow  shortly  to  ex- 
tremity; the  bent  of  which  alone  have  been  many 

*  Chains  of  gold.  Queen  Elizabeth  sent  a  silver  collar  of  SS.  to  Maurice 
Koclbc,  VfixoT  of  Cork  in  1571.  Henry  IV ,  of  England,  was  the  first  that  gave 
the  '^forget-mc  not "  its  poetic  meaning,  by  uniting  it  on  his  collar  of  SS.  with 
his  watO^^^'^^T  '^souveiffne  voua  de  moyj*  The  mayor's  collar  of  SS.  is  now  composed 
of  gold  a\nd  precious  stones,  valued  at  £1,600. 


\ 


RELIGION   AND   CORRUPT   MONEY.  3 

times  sufficient  motives  to  drive  the  best  and  most 
quiet  estates  into  sudden  confusion.  These  will  keep 
all  spirits  from  settling,  breed  new  combinations,  and, 
I  feafy  even  9tir  tke  fawns  themselves  to  solicit  foreign 
aid,  with  promise  to  cast  themselves  into  their  protec- 
tion." 

These  words  were  penned  by  this  prescient  states- 
man before  the  citizens  of  Cork  refused  to  proclaim 
the  new  English  sovereign,  or  the  citizens  of  Water- 
ford  had  closed  their  gates  against  Mountjoy.  But 
there  were  two  other  serious  causes  of  discontent ;  and 
it  would  be  difficult  to  say  to  which  the  people  were 
most  opposed ;  the  one  was  an  attempt  of  the  govern- 
ment to  force  base  money  into  circulation,  and  the 
other  to  press  the  Protestant  religion  upon  a  people 
who  thoroughly  detested  it,  and  held  it  as  corrupt  as 
the  coinage. 

Eespecting  corrupt  and  light  money,  the  Deputy 
writes,  '^  And  first,  whereas,  the  alteration  of  the  coyne 
and  taking  away  the  exchange  in  such  a  measure  as 
that  first  promised,  hath  bred  a  general  grievance  to 
men  of  all  qualities,  and  so  many  ineommodities  to  all 
sorts,  that  it  is  beyond  the  judgment  of  any  I  can  see, 
or  hear,  to  prevent  confusion  in  the  estate,  by  the 
continuance  thereof.''  Speaking  of  the  army,  he  says, 
^*  They  not  only  pay  excessive  prices  for  all  tilings, 
but  can  hardly  get  anything  for  their  money."  We 
are  convinced  that  the  free  circulation  of  the  pure 
Spanish  dollar  rendered  Philip,  King  of  Spain,  very 
popular  in  Ireland. 

On  the  subject  of  religion,  the  Deputy  Mountjoy 
speaks  with  as  much  modciation  as  wo  could  expect 


4  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

from  a  statesman  of  his  time,  when  the  principles  of 
religious  liberty  were  understood,  and  practised  by  no 
party : — "  And,  whereas,  it  hath  pleased  your  lordships, 
in  your  last  letters,  to  command  us  to  deal  moderately 
in  the  great  matter  of  religion,  I  had,  before  the  receipt 
of  your  lordships'  letters,  presumed  to  advice  such  as 
dealt  in  it,  for  a  time,  to  hold  a  more  restrained  hand 
therein."  He  tells  their  lordships  there  was  a  fear  that 
the  measures  adopted  against  Catholics,  in  Dublin^ 
would  be  practised  over  the  kingdom.  He  thinks  that 
too  great  preciseness  cannot  be  used  in  reforming  our- 
selves, the  abuses  of  our  own  clergy,  our  church 
livings,  and  discipline ;  that  the  gospel  cannot  be  set 
forth  vsdth  too  much  zeal  and  industry,  "  and  by  all 
ordinary  means  most  proper  unto  itself;  that  is,  set 
forth  and  spread  in  meekness."  He  does  not  think  that 
any  corporeal  persecution,  or  punishment,  can  be  too 
severe  for  such  as  shall  be  found  seditious  instruments 
of  "foreign  or  inward  practices,"  or  that  the  principal 
magistrates  should  be  chosen,  without  taking  the  oath 
of  obedience,  or  tolerated  in  absenting  themselves  fix)m 
public  divine  service;  but,  he  adds,  ^^we  may  be 
advised  how  we  do  punish  in  their  bodies^  or  goods,  any 
suchy  only  for  religion,  as  do  profess  to  be  faithful  subfects 
to  her  majesty,  and  against  whom  the  contrary  cannot  be 
proved.^^ 

The  reader  may  wish  to  know  more  of  a  man  who 
held  opinions  so  much  in  advance  of  his  age.  Charles 
Bloimt,  or  Lord  Mountjoy,  was  at  this  time  about 
thirty-five  years  of  age,  although  he  had  beaten  Hugh 
O'Neill,  and  O'Donnell  before  ICinsale,  and  supplanted 
the  Earl  of  Essex,  in  the  court  of  Elizabeth — a  feat  of 


CHAELES  BLOUNT.  5 

even  greater  diflSculty  and  daring.  Charles  Blount 
was  one  of  the  handsomest  cavaliers  of  his  day.  He 
was  first  noticed  by  the  qneen,  at  Whitehall,  in  1585, 
who  asked  her  lady-carver  who  was  the  youth  of  the 
graceful  stature  and  agreeable  countenance ;  aud  was 
informed  he  was  a  learned  student  at  Oxford,  and  the 
yoimger  brother  of  Lord  William  Moimtjoy.  The 
young  student  heard  the  whisper,  marked  the  queen's 
gaze,  and  blushed  to  the  eyes.  Elizabeth  gave  him 
her  huid  to  kiss,  and  said  ^^I  saw  there  was  noble 
blood  in  thy  veins.'*  Some  days  after  she  witnessed 
his  success  at  tilt  with  Essex,  and  awarded  him  a 
golden  chess-queen,  richly  enamelled,  which  Charles 
wore  in  passing  thr^igh  the  royal  chamber.  Essex, . 
observing  the  ornament,  asked  Mr.  Fulke  Gh-enville 
where  he  got  it.  **  The  queen  sent  it  to  him  after  the 
tilting,"  was  Grenville's  reply.  '^Now  I  perceive 
that  every  fool  must  have  a  favor,"  said  Essex.  Blount 
heard  the  words,  and  sent  the  prime  favorite  a  challenge. 
They  met  in  Marylebone  Park.  Essex  was  wounded 
in  the  thigh.  When  the  queen  heard  it,  she  exclaimed, 
"  By  God's  death,  it's  fit  and  proper  some  one  should 
take  the  earl  down,  and  teach  him  manners,  otherwise 
there  would  be  no  ruling  him  "  Charles  Blount  was 
too  much  of  Or  soldier  to  remain  long  at  the  queen's 
apron  string.  He  broke  away,  and  went  to  the  wars 
in  Flanders.  Elizabeth  wrote  to  her  general.  Sir  John 
Norreys,  to  seiid  her  truant  back.  He  was  soundly 
rated  on  his  return :  "  Serve  me  so  once  more,  and  I'll 
lay  you  too  fast  for  running.  You  will  never  leave  off 
till  you  are  knocked  on  the  head,  as  that  inconsiderate 
fellow,  Sidney,  was." 


6  HISTORY   OF   CORJC. 

The  queen  appointed  Charles  Blount,  now  Lord 
Mount]  oy,  to  succeed  Essex  in  the  government  of 
Ireland.  On  her  mentioning  this  appointment  to 
Bacon,  he  replied,  "  Surely,  madam,  you  cannot  make 
a  better  choice,  unless  you  send  over  my  Lord  Essex." 
"  Essex !"  exclaimed  the  queen,  "  When  I  send  Essex 
back  into  Ireland  I'll  marry  you ;  claim  it  of  me." 

Mount] oy,  like  Ealeigh  *  and  others,  addressed  the 
queen,  even  at  the  age  of  seventy,  in  the  language  of 
a  lover.  Only  a  few  months  before  her  death,  and 
just  before  the  rebellion  in  Cork,  and  the  writing  of 
the  state  letter  from  which  we  have  quoted,  he  says — 
*'  This,  most  dear  sovereign,  I  do  not  write  with  any 
swelling  justification  of  myself.  M  any  impious  tongue 
do  tax  my  proceedings,  I  will  patiently  bless  it,  that 
by  making  me  suflfer  for  your  sake — I  that  have  suf- 
fered for  your  sake  a  torment  above  all  others,  a  grieved 
and  despised  love.^^  f 

Elizabeth  replied  in  the  following  strain  : — 

"  0  what  melancholy  humour  hath  exhaled  up  into 
your  brain,  from  a  fuU-fraughted  heart,  that  should 
breed  such  doubt,  bred  upon  no  cause  given  by  us  at 
all,  never  having  pronounced  any  syllable  upon  which 

*  RaUigh  was  in  the  Tower,  before  he  came  to  Cork,  for  seducing  and  many- 
ing  Elizabeth  Throckmorton,  one  of  the  queen's  maids  of  honor.  The  queen's 
barge  passes  under  liis  prison  window.  He  rages  and  swears  that  ho  sufl'ers  all 
'Hhe  horrors  of  Tautallus,"  and  must  go  through  fire  or  water  to  see  his  mistress. 
His  keeper,  Sir  George  Carew,  holds  him  by  the  collar.  He  tears  off  the  knight* 8 
new  ponwig,  and  threatens  to  dagger  him,  but  afler  a  desperate  contest  is  carried 
back  to  his  chamber.  Here  he  writes  Sir  Robert  Cecil  a  letter,  which  he  knows 
the  queen  will  see. — "  How  can  I  bide  in  prison  while  she  is  far  off?  I,  who  wa« 
wont  to  behold  her,  riding  like  AIexandcr\\mimQ  like  Diana,  walking  like  Venus, 
the  gentle  wind  blowing  her  fair  hair  about  her  pure  cheeks,  like  a  nymph  !*' 

•f  A  grieved  and  despised  love. — Mountioy  had  other  loves,  which  were  not 
despised.  He  seduced  the  beautiful  Penelope,  the  sister  of  his  rival  the  Earl  of 
Essex,  whom  he  married  after  she  had  been  repudiated  by  her  injured  husband, 
Robert,  Lord  Rich.  Mountjoy  died  in  1606,  under  forty  years  of  age,  an  unhappy 
man,  blighted  by  his  passions  in  the  bloom  of  life  and  vigor  of  manhood. 


REFUSAL  TO  PHOCLAIM  THE  KING.         7 

such  a  work  should  be  framed.  There  is  no  louder 
truiDp  that  may  sound  out  your  praise,  your  hazard, 
your  care,  your  luck,  than  we  have  blasted  in  all  our 
court  and  elsewhere  indeed.  Well,  I  will  attribute  it 
to  God's  good  providence  for.  you,  that — lest  all  these 
glories  might  elevate  you  too  much — ^He  hath  sufltered, 
tiiough  not  made,  such  a  scruple  to  keep  you  under 
his  rod,  who  best  knows  we  have  more  need  of  bits 
than  spurs.  Thus,  "  Valeant  ista  amara,  ad  Tartaros 
eat  melancholia.     Your  sovereign,     E.  E." 

Mountjoy,  who  was  created  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
Ireland  by  a  new  patent,  dated  the  18th  of  April,. 
1603,  within  one  month  after  the  queen's  death,  might 
say^  or  sing,  with  one  of  the  Cecils,* 

"  Now  is  my  mtfd  clad  like  a  parasite. 
In  party^coloui'd  robes  of  black  and  white, 
Orieying  and  joying  too,  both  these  together, 
But  grieves  or  joys  she  most,  I  wot  not  whether. 
Eliza's  dead — that  splits  my  heart  in  twain ; 
And  James  proclaimed — that  makes  me  well  again." 

Mountjoy  sends  Captain  Morgan  to  Cork,  the  11th 
of  April,  to  have  the  new  king  properly  proclaimed. 
Sir  George  Thornton,  one  of  the  two  commissioners  of 
Munster,  applied  to  Thomas  Sarsfield,  then  mayor,  who 
replied  that  the  charter  allowed  his  taking  ^'time  to 
consider  of  it."  Sir  George  replied  that  the  king,  who 
had  a  just  right  to  the  crown,  had  been  proclaimed  in 
Dublin,  and  that  a  delay  would  be  taken  ill.  The 
mayor  replied  smartly  enough,  that  Perkin  War- 
beck  had  also  been  proclaimed  in  Dublin;  and 
that  much  damage  had  come  of  their  precipitation. 
The  Chief  Justice  of  Munster,  Saxey,  who  was  present, 

♦  One  of  the  Cecils. — Both  the  brothers,  Robert  and  Thomas,  got  the  credit  of 
these  lines. 


8  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

said  they  should  be  committed,  if  they  refased.  Wm. 
Mead,  the  recorder,  replied,  "  There  was  no  one  there 
had  authority  to  commit  them."  The  mayor,  and  cor- 
poration, adjourn  to  the  court-house.  Sir  George 
Thornton  paces  up  and  down  the  walk  outside,  and 
after  a  time  sends  in  to  know  if  they  have  come  to  a 
decision. — "  No."  He  waits  another  hour,  and  is  in- 
formed  by  the  recorder,  in  a  passionate  manner,  that 
they  can  give  him  no  answer  till  the  next  day.  Sir 
Bichard  Boyle,  afterwards  Earl  of  Cork,  who  was  at  this 
time  Clerk  of  the  Presidential  Council  of  Munster,  re- 
quested Mead  not  to  *^  break  out  in  so  imreasonable  and 
choleric  a  fashion."  Mead,  who  was  as  smart  as  the 
mayor  at  reply,  said,  "  Though  I  do  not  break  out,  there 
are  several  thousands  ready  to  do  so.''  Sir  George 
Thornton  requires  an  account  of  these  words.  "  Very 
well,''  says  Mead,  "  but  the  city  must  have  three  or 
four  days  to  consult  about  this  ceremony." 

The  recorder,  who  appears  1o  have  been  the  ring- 
leader of  the  rebellion,  employed  the  time  in  arming 
the  citizens,  and  guarding  the  gates  against  the  admis- 
sion  of  his  majesty's  troops;  but  "they  admitted 
several  Irish,  to  whom  they  gave  arms."  An  attempt 
was  also  made  to  seize  Haulbowline,  which  had  been 
but  recently  fortified.  "  About  this  this  time," — Jan- 
uary, 1602 — writes  Stafford,  "the  Lord  Deputie  and 
the  Lord  President  went  by  boate  to  an  island  in  the 
river  of  Corke,  called  Halbolin,  sixe  or  seven  miles 
from  the  citie,  which  upon  view  they  thought  fit  to  be 
fortified,  being  so  seated  as  that  no  shipping  of  any 
burden  can  pass  the  same,  but  imder  the  command 
thereof.    Whereupon  direction  was  given  to  Paul  Ive, 


THE  FOBT  OF  HAULBOWUNE.  9 

an  ingeneere,  to  raise  a  fortifioation  there." — Paeata 
Hibemia,  pp.  461,  462. 

Boyle  gives  us  the  most  eircumstaiitial  account 
of  this  foolish  rebellion,  which  seems  to  have  sprung 
np  without  premeditation,  and  to  have  proceeded 
without  plan,  or  any  particular  object  on  the  part  of 
the  leaders. 

Sir  Gleorge  Thornton  desires  the  citizens  to  send,  or 
rather  allow  some  cannon  to  go  from  Cork  to  the 
relief  of  Haulbowline.  They  reply,  "We  have,  as 
you  see,  called  our  brethren  together  about  this  busi- 
ness, and  we  have  come  to  the  resolution,  that  the  fort 
of  Haulbowline  is  a  very  pestilent  impoverishment  to 
our  corporation,  and  therefore  think  it  not  meet  to 
suffer  any  relief  to  go  thither,  nor  will  we."  Are  we 
to  conclude  from  this  language,  that  the  corporation 
were  at  the  expense  of  finding  and  maintaining  this 
fort?  They  say  again,  "This  fort  was  a  needless 
work,  and  built  in  their  franchises,  without  their 
consent,  by  the  Lord  President,  [Carew]  but  not  for 
any  good  to  the  city."  They  add,  that  they  will 
**  take  the  fort,  and  keep  possession  of  it " 

Kichard  Boyle  mentions  one  "  Edward  Eoche,  the 
brother  of  Dominick  Koche,  the  priest,"  and  Owen  Mac 
Bedmond,  a  schoolmaster,  as  taking  an  active  part  in 
this  rebellion.  "  This  fellow,"  continues  Sir  Eichard, 
speaking  of  the  schoolmaster,  "  said  it  was  not  known 
who  was  King  of  England.  That,  to  his  own  know- 
ledge, about  seven  or  eight  years  ago,  there  was  no 
other  mockery  in  all  the  stage  plays,  but  the  King  of 
Scots ;  that  no  Englishman  would  abide  the  govern- 
ment of  a  Scot;  that  he  was  the  poorest  prince  in 


10  HISTOBY  OF   CORK. 

Europe ;  that  the  President  of  Minister  kept  a  better 
table  than  he.'' 

"  Stephen  Brown,"  continues  Boyle,  "  was  a  great 
director  about  the  ordnance,  as  also  one  Thomas  Fagan, 
who  fired  a  shot  at  Mr,  James  Grant,  when  he  was 
returning  to  Sir  Charles  Wilmot,  who  sent  him  to  the 
mayor.  He  had  before  this  stripped  Mr.  Grant  of  his 
clothes,  was  the  first  man  who  put  on  his  head-piece, 
and  seized  on  the  king's  stores  in  the  city.  He  ssiid, 
for  his  part,  no  king  should  rule  him,  but  such  as 
would  give  him  liberty  of  conscience.  He  carried  a 
white  rod  about  the  city,  and  was  styled  their  princi- 
pal church-warden,  and  never  suffered  an  Englishman 
or  Protestant  to  pass  by  him  imabused.  He  had  the 
impudence  to  revile  Sir  Gerald  Herbert,  because  he 
would  not  put  off  his  hat,  and  do  reverence  to  the 
cross,  which  he  was  then  carrying  about  in  procession. 

"  Sir  Robert  Mead,  or  Meagh,  and  John  Fitz-David 
Eoche,  were  two  priests  who  fomented  this  rebellion. 
Mead  ordered  Mr.  Apsley,  the  king's  storekeeper,  to 
be  killed,  and  his  arms  taken  away.  He  also  ordered 
the  guard,  which  he  placed  on  Skiddy's  Castle,  where 
the  stores  lay,  to  throw  Mrs.  Hughes,  wife  to  the  clerk 
of  stores,  over  the  walls  and  break  her  neck.  He  was 
the  principal  stirrer-up  of  the  townsmen  to  take  arms, 
and  not  only  assisted  in  every  sally  to  take  and  destroy 
the  forts,  but  also  drove  such  as  were  dilatory  with  a 
cudgel  to  the  work. 

"  John  Nicholas,  a  brewer,  was  also  a  cannonier  to 
the  rebels,  and  it  was  proved  against  him  that  he  shot 
two  soldiers  from  the  walls ;  he  was  assisted  by  John 
Clarke,  a  tanner,  from  Mallow,  who  very  dexterously 


SEIZURE   OF   SZIDDY'S   CASTLE.  11 

mounted  the  cannons  upon  the  walls,  when  none  else 
knew  how  to  do  it.  He  and  Nicholas  were  both 
Englishmen.  It  was  proved  against  Edmund  Terry, 
another  rebel,  that  he  advised  the  mayor  to  take  the 
key  of  Skiddy's  Castle*  from  Mr.  Hughes,  the  store- 
keeper, and  place  the  ammunition  in  Pominick  Gal- 
way's  cellars,  and  that  Hughes  should  not  be  suffered 
to  come  there  without  a  sufficient  guard;  all  which 
the  mayor  complied  with.  Edward  Eoche,  brother 
to  Dominick  Eoche,  said  that  the  city  would  fight 
against  the  king  himself  if  he  came  to  look  for  it,  and 
that  not  only  the  country,  but  also  the  kings  of  France 
and  Spain  would  assist  them,  if  he  did  not  give  their 
church  free  liberty," 

Sir  Bichard  Boyle  continues,  ^^  The  mayor'and  re- 
corder imprisoned  Mr.  Allen  Apsley,  commissary  of 
the  king's  victuals,  and  Mr.  Michael  Hughes,  clerk  of 
the  munitions.  The  recorder,  in  person,  with  a  guard, 
carried  Mr.  Apsley  from  his  own  house  to  the  common 
gaol,  and  then  distributed  the  king's  stores  as  he 
thought  proper.  They  demolished  the  fort  on  the 
south  side  of  the  city,  in  which  action  they  killed 
and  wounded  several  soldiers.  The  day  before  they 
demolished  this  fort,  the  recorder,  striking  himself 
on  the  breast,  solemnly  swore,  at  the  door  of  Skiddy's 
Castle,  that  if  the  mayor  would  not  take  charge  of  the 
king's  stores  he  would  presently  quit  the  town  for 
ever,  upon  which  te  turned  about  to  the  crowd,  who 
huzzaed  and  applauded  him  for  his  speech;  then  Thomas 

•  Skiddy's  Castk  stood  on  the  west  side  of  the  North  Main  Street.  It  was 
bailt  by  John  Skiddy  in  1445.  It  was  afterwards  used  as  a  powder  magazine.  A 
rat,  saturated  with  turpentine  and  set  on  tire,  was  killed  by  a  sentinel  in  passing 
into  the  powder  TaiUt^.  After  this,  the  citizens  petitioned  to  have  the  mugaziuo 
removed ;  the  building  itself  was  removed  in  1785, 


12  mSIORY  OF   COEK. 

Fagan  and  Murrough  clapped  on  their  head-pieces,  and 
with  their  swords  and  targets  forcibly  possessed  them- 
selves of  Skiddy's  Castle. 

"The  day  before  they  demolished  the  fort,  the 
mayor  assembled  the  citizens,  and  told  them,  that 
before  forty  hours  passed,  all  Ireland  would  be  in 
arms  against  the  king;  that  the  crown  of  England 
should  never  more  recover  Ireland.  He  also  wrote 
several  seditious  letters  to  most  of  the  lords  and  chief 
men  of  this  province,  desiring  them  to  join  the  citi- 
zens in  their  cause,  which  was  for  liberty  of  conscience. 

"  The  recorder  being  asked  why  the  king's  fort  was 
broken  down  by  the  people  ?  answered,  it  was  his  act^ 
and  that  he  would  justify  it ;  and  said  it  was  the  act 
of  the  whole  corporation,  and  done  advisedly,  and  that 
they  would  make  it  good,  saying,  ^  That  the  building  of 
that  fort  cost  the  queen  nothing,  it  being  raised  by  the 
citizens,'  adding,  ^  that  the  worst  that  could  be  done, 
was  to  make  them  rebuild  it.' 

**  Several  of  them  publicly  abused  the  commis- 
sioners and  the  king's  officers  in  this  province,  calling 
them  *  traitors,'  *  destroyers  of  the  city  and  common- 
wealth,' *  base-bom  fellows,'  *  beggarly  companions,' 
*  yeomen's  sons,'  all  of  which  was  proved  on  their 
respective  trials.  Lieutenant  Murrough  had  the  im- 
pudence to  send  Sir  Charles  Wilmot  word,  that  he  was 
a  traitor,  and  would  prove  it.  His  brother  had  been 
aide-de-camp  to  Captain  Flower  at*  the  siege  of  Ean- 
sale ;  but  he  quitted  his  colours  and  deserted  to  the 
Spaniards,  for  which  he  was  afterwards  executed." 

It  only  remained  for  the  commissioners  to  proclaim 
James  the  Sixth  of  Scotland  and  First  of  England,  out- 


THE   RELIGIOUS  ELEMENT.  13 

ride  the  walls,  as  they  were  not  allowed  to  do  so  inside. 
8ir  George  Thornton,  accompanied  by  Lord  Eoohe  and 
wpported  by  eight  hundred  soldiers,  proclaimed  the 
king  in  the  north  suburbs,  near  Shandon  Castle,  the 
recorder  protesting  all  the  while  against  such  a  viola- 
tion of  their  "  liberties."  The  commissioners,  who 
appeared  to  have  acted  with  great  moderation,  sent  to 
Hanlbowline  for  artillery,  when  the  citizens,  under  the 
leadership  of  William  Terry,  attempted  to  intercept 
fliem.  A  scuffle  ensued,  and  several  were  killed  on 
both  sides. 

The  religious  element  in  this  rebellion  was  para- 
mount.    Though  a  large  portion  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Cork  were  of  Danish,  Norman,  and  Saxon  descent, 
they  were  sincere   Catholics,  who  hoped  for  the  re- 
establishment  of  their  own  faith  at  the  death  of  the 
queen.     They  had   not  forgotten,   though    five-and- 
twenty  years  had  elapsed,  that  the  Protestant  bishop 
had  burned  the  image  of  St.  Donunick  at  the  High 
Cross  of  Cork.     They  now  retaliate,  by  retaking  pos- 
session of  the  churches — which  they  sprinkle  in  order 
to  exorcise  the  demon  of  Protestantism — ^by  burning 
Protectant  bibles  and  prayer-books ;  by  razing  out  the 
ten  commandments,  and  substituting  the  emblems  of 
their  own  faith.     A  number  took  the  sacrament  to 
strengthen  them  in  defence  of  their  religion.    A  legate 
from  the  Pope  went  through  the  city  in  procession  with 
a  cross,  compelling  all  he  met  to  bow  down  to  it.    They 
not  only  fired  on  Shandon  Castle,  where  Lady  Carew 
lodged,  but  on  the  bishop's  palace,  where  the  commis- 
sioners were  assembled ;  they  killed  Mr.  Eutledge,  and 
wounded  a  servant  of  Bishop  Lyon,  and  told  him,  if 


14  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

they  had  his  traitor-master,  he  should  not  escape  with 
his  life.  Such  language  and  conduct  is  indicative  of 
the  detestation  in  which  the  Protestant  religion  was 
held  even  in  the  towns  where  it  had  been  nurtured  for 
half  a  century. 

But  this  state  of  things  could  not  be  long  counte- 
nanced in  a  city  like  Cork ;  and  the  mayor  and 
sheriffs  knowing  the  decided  character  of  the  Lord 
Deputy  Mountjoy,  wrote  him  saying,  they  had  received 
the  king's  proclamation  on  the  11th  of  April,  but  had 
put  off  the  ceremony  till  the  16th,  that  it  might  be 
done  with  more  solemnity.  They  also  requested  that 
the  fort  of  Haulbowline  might  be  put  into  their  hands, 
and  complained  that  soldiers  in  that  fort  had  shot  at 
some  fishermen  and  boats  which  had  been  sent  out  for 
provisions.  The  commissioners,  of  course,  gave  his 
lordship  a  very  different  version  of  the  transaction. 

Mountjoy  wrote  them  *^a  smart  letter"  in  reply, 
reproving  them  for  "  setting  up  the  mass,*  by  their 
own  authority,  their  insolence  in  stopping  his  majesty's 
stores  and  artillery  from  being  sent  to  Haulbowline, 
and  attempting  to  get  them  into  their  hands.  At  the 
same  time,  his  lordship  wrote  to  Sir  Charles  Wilmot 
and  Sir  George  Thornton,  ordering  them  to  send  as 
much  victuals  and  provisions  as  they  could,  out  of  the 
city,  to  that  fort,  and  Shandon  Castle ;  to  draw  some 
companies  into  the  town ;  and  informed  them,  that  he 
had  assembled  five  thousand  men  to  correct  their  inso- 
lences ;  and  that  as  most  of  the  other  towns  in  the  pro- 
vince had  committed  the  like  disturbances,  he  intended 

•  Setting  up  the  mass. — Moryson  nays  they  rushed  into  apparent  treason^  by 
"  foolishly  stopping  the  king's  munitions,  and  insolently  setting  up  a  religion  in 
oppotition  to  aufhority,'* 


MOUNTJOY   COMES  TO   CORK.  15 

to  begin  with  Waterford,  who  led  the  example  fo  the 
rest." 

The  following  is  Dr.  Ryland's  account  of  the  Lord 
Lieutenant's  yisit  to  Waterford : — "  The  Lord  Deputy 
Mountjoy,  judging  that  the  situation  of  affairs  of  the 
province,  required  his  immediate  personal  attention, 
proceeded  with  a  numerous  army  into  Munster,  and  on 
the  5th  of  May,  1603,  came  to  Graco-Dieu,  within  the 
Kberties  of  Waterford,  and  summoned  the  mayor  to 
open  the  gates,  and  receive  him  and  his  army  into  the 
city.  The  spirit  of  rebellion  immediately  appeared ;  the 
gates  were  shut  against  him,  and  the  citizens  pleaded 
that,  by  a  charter  of  King  John,  they  were  exempted 
from  quartering  soldiers.     While  the  parties  were  thus 
engaged,  two  ecclesiastics.   Dr.  White  and  a  young 
Dominican  friar,  came  into  the  camp;    they  were 
habited  in  the  dresses  of  their  order.  Dr.  White  wear- 
ing a  black  gown  and  cornered  cap,  and  the  friar 
wearing  a  white  woollen  frock.     When  they  entered 
the  Lord  Deputy's  tent.  Dr.  White  commenced  a  vio- 
lent religious  controversy,  *all  of  which,'  we  are  told, 
*  his  lordship  did  most  learnedly  confute.'     He  then 
severely  reprehended   the   conduct  of  the   citizens; 
threatened  to   draw  King  James^  sword^   and  cut  the 
charter  of  King  John  to  pieces  ;  and  declared  his  inten- 
tion, if  they  persisted  in  their  obstinacy,  to  level  their 
city,    and  strew  it  with   salt.      His   menaces   were 
eflfectual ;    the   citizens   immediately   submitted,   and 
received  the  Lord  Deputy  and  his  army  within  their 
walls.     They  afterwards  took  the  oath  of  allegiance, 
renounced  all  foreign  jurisdiction,  and,  to  prevent  any 
future  disturbance,  a  garrison  was  stationed  in  the  city.'^ 


16  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

Mountjoy  wrote  to  the  Mayor  of  Cork,  fipom  his 
camp  at  Grace-Dieu,  near  Waterford,  requesting  him 
"  to  desist  from  his  practices,"  saying,  if  he  per- 
severed, he  must  adopt  more  seyere  measures  than  he 
willingly  would ;  but  many  of  the  citizens,  undeterred 
by  this  mild  threat,  were  opposed  to  his  admission. 
Mead,  the  recorder,  strongly  opposed  it,  so  did  Gould| 
Fagan,  Captain  Terry,  Lieutenant  Murrough,  and  ^^  an 
infinite  number  of  mob;"  but  Alderman  Coppinger, 
John  Coppinger,  Alderman  Terry,  the  Galways,  the 
Vemons,  and  the  Martels,  insisted  that  the  viceroy 
should  be  received  within  the  walls. 

He  entered  Cork  on  the  11th  of  May,  1603.  The 
citizens  laid  plough-shares  on  each  side  of  the  street 
through  which  he  passed,  intimating  that  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  growing  crops,  by  the  soldiers,  had  caused 
so  many  ploughs  to  lie  idle.  As  in  the  fable  of  the 
belly  and  the  members,  the  citizens  were  at  length 
brought  to  understand,  that  their  interests  were  iden- 
tified with  the  country.  To  see  the  city  of  Cork,  which 
had  been  always  armed  edp-a'pii  against  the  country, 
admitting  the  Irish  within  its  walls,  and  laying  their 
idle  plough-shares  before  the  eyes  of  the  viceroy,  was 
something  new  in  the  history  of  these  times.  Smith 
says  "  the  Lord  Lieutenant  took  little  notice  of  this  silly 
contrivance."  We  did  not  expect  to  find  Doctor  Smith 
making  so  silly  a  remark.  A  people's  cry  for  bread 
should  sound  in  a  ruler's  ears  as  the  roar  of  a  famished 
lion.  But  the  Lord  Lieutenant  did  notice  it ;  his  letter 
to  the  English  council,  from  which  we  have  quoted, 
contains  the  prediction  of  a  dearth,  which  would 
^^  breed  new  combinations,  and  would  stirre  the  townes 


SUPPRESSION   OF  THE   REBELLION.  17 

themselves ; "  and  his  mild  chastisement  of  the  present 
rebellion,  is  something  like  an  admission  that  the 
people  had  great  cause  for  dissatisfaction.  Mnrrongh, 
Butler,  and  the  schoolmaster,  Owen  Mac  Bedmond, 
who  had  no  freeholds,  were  the  only  parties  executed 
by  martial  law.  Mead,  the  recorder,  who  was  the 
ringleader,  was  tried  by  an  Irish  jury,  and  acquitted. 
The  grand  jury*  found  true  bills  against  Mead,  Bichard 
€k)uld,  and  others.  Gould  pleaded,  in  justification, 
before  Sir  Charles  Wilmot,  and  Sir  George  Thornton, 
commissioners.  Sir  Nicholas  Walsh,  William  Saxey, 
and  George  Comerford,  justices,  the  injury  he  had 
sustained  by  being  compelled  to  take  the  mixed  or 
base  money.  He  proved  that  the  late  Lord  President's 
steward  had  purchased  twenty  barrels  of  wheat  for 
the  Lady  Carew,  which  he,  Bichard  Gould,  had 
purchased  in  France  for  nineteen  shillings  a  bar- 
rel, of  good  silver  money,  and  that  the  steward 
would  give  him  but  twenty  shillings  of  the  new 
standard  or  mixed  money.  The  Cork  jury,  by 
whom  he  was  tried  and  acquitted  for  the  attack  on 
Haulbowline,  must  have  held  that  such  fraudulent 
conduct  was  enough  to  drive  any  honest  trader  into 
rebellion.  Mead,  the  recorder,  appears  to  have  had 
deeper  projects  in  view.  He  afterwards  got  a  pension 
from  Spain,  and  went  to  Naples,  where  he  wrote  a 
treasonable  tract,  called,  ^^  Advice  to  the  Catholics  of 
MunsteTj^^  a  copy  of  which  is  preserved  in  the  Bodleian 
library  at  Oxford.     He  died  in  Naples. 

•  The  grand  jttry  were  Owen  O*  Sullivan,  Teige  Mac  Cormac  Cartby,  John 
Taylor,  Thomas  J.  C.  Oankrough,  Garrett  Barry,  Joshua  Barry,  Edmiina  Barry, 
Aithor  Hyde,  Charles  Callagnan,  William  Mellefont,  Bedmond  Magher,  Tiege 
Mac  Carthy,  John  Barry,  Garrett  Buidhe  Barry,  and  Bryan  Mac  Sweeny. 

TOL.  n.  2 


CHAPTER   II. 


BICHARD   BOYLE,   FIRST   LORD   CORK. 
A.D.  1603—1641. 

We  have  none  of  the  proper  materials  of  history  for 
either  city  or  county  from  1603  to  1641.  Sir  Arthur 
Chichester  was  appointed  Deputy  to  Lord  Mountjoy 
the  third  of  April,  1603.  He  was  a  pupil  of  the 
Puritan  ministeri  Cartwright,  the  great  opponent  of 
Episcopacy,  who  used  to  pray,  "  0  Lord,  give  us 
grace  and  power,  as  one  man,  to  set  ourselves  against 
them" — that  is,  the  bishops. 

8ir  Henry  Beecher  was  made  Lord  President  of 
Munster  in  1604;  he  succeeded  Sir  George  Carew,  or 
rather  the  commissioners,  Sir  Charles  Wilmot  and  Sir 
George  Thornton,  whom  Sir  George  Carew  had 
appointed  in  his  stead.  The  Catholics  began  to  re- 
build their  abbeys  and  monasteries  this  year ;  £ilcrea 
and  Timoleague  were  repaired  or  re-edified  this  year. 
The  city  and  its  liberties  were  separated  from  the 
county,  and  became  a  distinct  barony,  in  1605. 

Lord  Danvers,  who,  as  Sir  Henry  Danvers,  was 
Lieutenant -General  of  the  Horse  to  Bobert  Earl  of 
Essex  and  Lord  Mountjoy,  became  Lord  President  of 
Munster  in  1610,  in  the  room  of  Sir  Henry  Beecher, 


i'. 


EICHARB,    EARL   OP   CORK.  19 

deceased.  Edward  Legge*  was  vice-president  to 
Danyers.  He  made  a  voyage  to  the  West  Indies  with 
Sir  Walter  Ealeigh  in  1584. 

Sir  Oliver  St.  John  was  Lord  President  in  1611,  and 
Sir  Bichard  Moryson,  vice-president.  Sir  Oliver  be- 
came Lord  Deputy  of  Lreland  in  1616,  and  Donongh 
O'Brien,  Earl  of  Thomond,  Lord  President  of  Munster. 

The  name  of  Eichard,  Earl  of  Cork,  frequently 
occurs  about  this  time.    Take  the  following  examples : 

^'  Bichard,  Earl  of  Cork,  was  this  year  admitted  and 
sworn  a  free  man  of  the  city  of  Cork.  On  the  5th  of 
September  died  Donough,  Earl  of  Thomond,  Lord 
President  of  Munster,  and  the  Lord  Falkland  issued 
out  a  commission,  September  7th,  to  Henry,  Earl  of 
Thomond,  the  Earl  of  Desmond,  the  Earl  of  Cork, 
liord  Esmond,  or  any  two  of  them,  for  the  better  govern- 
ment ofthis  province  during  the  vacancy  of  the  president- 
ship, which  was  supplied  by  the  appointment  of  Sir 
Edward  Villiers,  on  the  29th  of  May. 

"  During  his  government  the  French  and  Spaniards 
gave  out,  that  in  revenge  for  the  expedition  to  Eochelle, 
they  would  make  a  descent  in  Ireland.  The  forts  of 
Cork  and  Waterford  having  been  quite  neglected,  the 
Earl  of  Cork  lent  £500  to  the  Lord  President  Villiers, 
with  which  these  forts  were  made  defensible. 

"  When  Lord  Wimble  ton  amved  at  Kinsale,  with 
the  king's  forces.  Lord  Cork  took  ten  companies  of 
foot,  many  of  them  being  weak  and  wounded,  and 
lodged  and  dieted  them,  near  three  months,  upon  his 

*  Edward  Ligge.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Pierce  Walsh,  of  Mallow, 
by  whom  he  had  six  sons  and  seven  daughters.  He  was  the  first  Protestant  of  his 
finnily,  bat  most  of  his  children  were  brought  up  in  the  Catholic  faith  by  his  wife. 
^Cfamne  Peer,  of  England^  v.  iii,  p.  102. 


20  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

tenants."^  He  supplied  the  general  with  £500,  and 
entertained  him  and  all  his  officers  nobly  at  Lismore.'' 

This  remarkable  man,  as  we  learn  from  his  auto- 
biography, or  True  Kemembrancer,  was  bom  in  the 
city  of  Canterbury,  on  the  3rd  of  October,  1566.  His 
father  died  when  he  was  but  ten  years  old,  in  1576, 
fflid  a  brother  in  1586. 

^^  After  the  decease  of  my  father  and  mother,  I  being 
the  second  son  of  a  younger  brother,  haying  been  a 
schoLor  in  Bennett's  College,  Cambridge,  and  a  student 
in  the  Middle  Temple,  London,  finding  my  means 
unable  to  support  me  to  study  the  laws  in  the  Inns  of 
Court,  put  myself  into  the  service  of  Bichard  Manwood, 
Knt.,  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  her  Majesty's  Court  of  Ex- 
chequer, whom  I  served  as  one  of  his  clerks;  and 
perceiving  that  the  employment  would  not  raise  a 
fortune,  I  resolved  to  travel  into  foreign  lands,  and  to 
gain  learning  and  knowledge  and  experience  abroad 
in  the  world.  And  it  pleased  the  Almighty,  by  his 
divine  providence,  to  take  me,  I  may  justly  say,  as  it 
were  by  the  hand,  and  lead  me  into  Ireland,  where  I 
happily  arrived  at  Dublin,  on  the  Midsummer  eve,  the 
23rd  day  of  June,  1588." 

He  was  at  this  time  but  twenty-two  years  of  age, 
with  but  twenty-seven  pounds  to  begin  the  world, 
"  When  first  I  arrived  in  Dublin,  the  23rd  of  June, 
1588,  all  my  wealth  then  was  £27  3s.  in  money,  and 
two  tokens  which  my  mother  had  given  me,  viz : — a 
diamond  ring,  which  I  have  ever  since  and  still  do 

•  Up<m  his  oum  tenantt.  Smith  says,  that  Sir  William  St.  Leger,  who  was 
appointed  President  of  Mnnster,  April  14,  1627,  charged  all  the  corporations  of 
the  proTinee}  except  Mallow — where  he  resided — **  with  the  maintenance  of  the 
horse  troops  under  his  command." — Sit,  of  Cork,  voi,  i.,  p.  108. 


BICHABD  BOYLB  DEPUTY  ESCHEATOR.       21 

wear,  and  a  bracelet  of  gold,  worth  about  ten  pounds ; 
a  tafltety  doublet,  cut  with  and  upon  taffety,  a  pair  of 
black  velvet  breeches,  laced,  a  new  Milan  fustian  suit, 
laoed,  and  cut  upon  taffety,  two  cloaks,  competent 
linen  and  necessaries,  with  my  rapier  and  dagger." 

Two  years  after  this,  there  is  mention,  in  a  memo- 
randum roll  of  the  Exchequer  for  1590,  of  a  certain 
Bichard  Boyle  as  a  deputy  escheator  to  John  Crofton, 
the  queen's  Escheator  General.  This  was  the  age  of 
Irish  forfeited  estates,  of  which  the  escheators  took 
cognizance  and  care.  Everything  connected  with 
these  estates  was  conducted  in  the  escheator's  office. 
Sir  Thomas  More,  speaking  of  English  escheators,  says, 
"  One  should  not  rail  upon  escheators,  by  terming  them 
aU  extortioners."*  Sir  John  Davis,  Attorney-General 
to  King  James,  speaks  thus  of  Irish  deputy  escheators : 

"  These  deputy  escheators  make  a  suggestion,  that 
they  are  able  to  find  many  titles  for  the  crown,  and 
obtain  a  commission  to  enquire  for  all  wards,  marriages, 
escheats,  concealments,  forfeitures,  and  the  like.  If 
this  commission  were  well  executed,  and  returned, 
they  were  good  servitors.  But  what  do  they  do? 
They  retire  themselves  into  some  comer  of  the  coun- 
ties, and  in  some  obscure  village,  execute  their  com^ 
mission ;  and  there,  having  a  simple  or  suborned  jury, 
find  one  man's  land  concealed,  another  man's  lease 
forfeited  for  non-payment  of  rent,  another  man's  land 
holden  of  the  in  capita^  and  no  livery  sued,  and  the 
like.  This  being  done,  they  never  return  their  com- 
mission, but  send  for  the  parties,  and  compound  with 

^AU  extortioner t,    Joknson  thinkfl  the  verb  to  eheat,  is  derired  from  escheat 
^becanse  of  tha  many  fraudulent  measures  taken  in  procuring  escheats." 


i 


22  HISTORY  OF  CORE. 

them^  and  so  defraud  the  orowiiy  and  make  a  booty 
and  spoil  upon  the  country ;  so  that  we  may  conjeoture^ 
by  what  means  one  that  was  lately  an  eseheatof^s  clerkf 
is  now  owner  of  so  much  land  here,  as  few  of  the  lords 
of  Ireland  may  compare  with  him."  The  allusion  in 
this  passage  to  Lord  Cork  cannot  be  misunderstood. 

Bichard  Boyle  is  charged — ^it  is  true,  eleven  years 
after  the  alleged  offence  —  with  having  practised  a 
cheat  before  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Deputy 
Escheator.  One  Henry  Deane  stated,  before  the  Star- 
Chamber  Court,  that  Boyle  counterfeited  a  letter  from 
Sir  Thomas  Kempe  to  the  Constable  of  Dublin  Castle ; 
another  from  Lady  Baker  to  Mrs.  Kenny,  the  wife  of 
Eenny  the  escheator  for  Leinster ;  and  another  from 
Lady  Hales  to  Lady  Delves,  "  whereby  he  procured 
much  friendship  in  Ireland."  Bichard  Boyle's  or  Lord 
Cork's  defence  is  a  very  weak  one.  He  acknowledged 
that  a  counterfeit  letter  had  been  delivered  to  the 
Constable,  on  his  behalf,  but  that  he  was  not  privy  to 
it.  Who  would  think  of  forging  a  letter  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  party  interested.  ^^  He  thinketh 
there  was  a  letter  brought  and  delivered  to  the  Con- 
stable Segar,  on  his  behalf,  for  so  the  constable  told 
him.  He  was  never  privy  or  consenting  thereto,  and 
doth  know  the  same  to  be  counterfeit." 

Again,  ^^  As  touching  these  letters,  supposed  to  be 
counterfeited,  he  saith  he  was  not  at  that  time  above 
seventeen  years  old,  for  it  is  near  eleven  years  since. 
!Neither,  if  they  had  been  fiedsified,  was  it  to  the  pre- 
judice of  the  queen's  service,  or  anything  concerning 
her  highness,  but  he  never  delivered  any  such." 

There  may  have  been  nothing  in  all  this  to  the 


BOYLE  COMIOTTED  TO  THE   ICARSHiXSEA:.  23 

prejudice  of  the  queen^s  service,  but  much  to  that  of 
Siehard  Boyle's  honor;  perhaps  he  felt  this,  for  he 
says  he  was  not  above  seventeen  years  old.  If  this 
be  true,  it  would  have  proved  a  very  early  develope- 
meut  in  state-craft ;  but  it  was  not  true,  and  we  cannot 
imagine  how  Lord  Cork  could  make  such  a  mistake 
respecting  his  own  age.  If  the  True  Bemembraneer, 
penned  by  himself,  does  not  lie,  he  must  have  been 
twenty-twO)  and  not  seventeen,  at  this  time  He  was 
bom  in  1566,  and  came  to  Ireland  to  seek  his  fortune 
in  1688. 

He  was  committed  to  the  Marshalsea  in  May,  1697, 
by  Chief  Justice  Gktrdiner  and  Sir  Henry  WoUop,  on 
the  charge  of  stealing  a  horse  and  a  jewel.  There 
were  two  other  indictments  against  him.  Two  out  of 
the  four  were  found.  Deane  said  he  got  twenty 
pounds  from  him  not  to  prosecute^  Boyle  obtained  a 
^x)wn  pardon,  which  was  purchasable  in  those  days. 

But  he  was  not  only  accused  of  false  dealing  in 
procuring  friends  who  helped  him  to  the  office  of 
Deputy  Escheator,  but  also  of  taking  unfair  advantage 
of  his  position  for  his  personal  aggrandisement.  As 
Deane  appears  to  have  been  a  sort  of  hired  accuser, 
and  as  Lord  Cork  had  enemies  in  Sir  Henry  Wallop, 
Sir  Robert  Gardiner,  and  others,  we  should  receive  the 
evidence  against  him  with  caution,  but  some  of  the 
statements  are  of  a  very  circumstantial  character. 

Bichard  Boyle  had  high  authority  or  example  for 
such  trafficking  in  forfeited  estates.  There  were  many 
who  did  much  worse  than  he — who  trafficked  in  the 
blood  of  those  whose  properties  they  sought.  The 
following  example  is  from  the  pen  of  Fynee  Moryson : — 


24  HISTOBT  OF  CORK. 

"  About  this  time  [1590]  Mao  Mahown,  the  chief- 
tain of  Monaghan  died^  who  in  his  life-time  had  sur- 
rendered this  his  country,  held  by  tanistry,  the  Irish 
law.  into  her  majesty's  hands,  and  received  a  re-grant 
thereof  under  the  broad  seal  of  England,  to  him  and 
his  heirs  males,  and  for  default  of  such,  to  his  broths, 
Hugh  £oe  Mac  Mahown,  with  other  remainders.  And 
this  man  dying  without  heirs  male,  his  said  brother 
came  up  to  the  state,  that  he  might  be  settled  in  his 
inheritance,  hoping  to  be  countenanced  and  cherished 
as  her  majesty's  patentee ;  but  he  found,  as  the  Irish 
say,  that  he  could  not  be  admitted  till  he  had  promised 
to  give  about  six  hundred  cows,  lor  such  and  no  other 
are  the  Irish  bribes.  Afterwards  he  was  imprisoned, 
the  Irish  say,  for  failing  in  part  of  this  payment,  and 
within  a  few  days  again  enlarged,  with  promise  that 
the  Lord  Deputy  himself  would  go  and  settle  him  in 
his  country  of  Monaghan,  whither  his  lordship  took 
his  journey  shortly  after,  with  him  in  his  company. 

"  At  their  first  arrival,  the  gentleman  was  clapt  in 
bolts,  and  within  two  days  after  indicted,  arraigned, 
and  executed  at  his  own  house ;  all  done,  as  the  Irish 
said,  by  such  officers  as  the  Lord  Deputy  carried  with 
him  for  that  purpose.  The  Irish  said  he  was  found 
guilty  by  a  jury  of  soldiers,  but  no  gentlemen  or  free- 
holders ;  that  four  English  soldiers  were  suffered  to  go 
and  come  at  pleasure,  but  the  others,  being  Irish  kerne, 
were  kept  straight,  and  starved  till  they  found  him 
guilty." 

It  is  only  fair  to  hear  Boyle's  defence  of  himself :  — 

"  When  God  had  blessed  me  with  a  reasonable  for- 
time  and  estate,  Sir  Henry  Wallop,  of  Wares;  Sir 


BOYLE  ACCUSED  TO  THE   QUEEN.  25 

Bobert  Gardiner^  Chief- Justice  of  the  King's  Bench ; 
Sir  Bobert  Dillam,  Chief- Justice  of  the  Common  Fleas ; 
and  Sir  Siohard  Bingham^  Chief-Commissioner  of  Con- 
naught,  being  displeased  for  some  purchases  I  had 
made  in  the  province,  they  all  joined  together  by  their 
lies,  complaining  against  me  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  ex- 
pressing that  I  c^e  over  without  any  estate  or 
fortune,  and  that  I  had  made  so  many  purchases  as  it 
was  not  possible  to  do  without  some  foreign  princess 
purse  to  supply  me  with  money.  That  I  had  acquired 
divers  castles  and  abbeys  upon  the  sea-side  fit  to  en- 
tertain and  receive  Spaniards.  That  I  kept  in  my 
abbeys  fraternities  and  convents  of  Mars  in  their 
habits,  who  said  mass  continually,  and  that  I  was 
suspected  in  my  religion ;  with  divers  other  malicious 
suggestions. 

"  Whereof,  having  some  secret  notice,  I  resolved  to 
go  into  Munster,  and  so  into  England  to  justify  my-^ 
self;  but  before  I  could  take  shipping,  the  general 
rebellion  in  Munster  broke  out,  all  my  lands  were 
wasted.  As  I  might  say,  I  had  not  one  penny  of  certain 
revenue  left  me,  to  the  unspeakable  danger  and  hazard 
of  my  life,  yet  God  preserved  me,  as  I  reached  Dingle, 
and  got  shipping  there,  which  transported  me  to 
Bristol,  from  whence  I  travelled  to  London,  and  be- 
took myself  to  my  former  chamber  in  the  Middle 
Temple,  intending  to  renew  my  studies  in  the  law  till 
the  rebellion  were  passed  over. 

"Bobert,  Earl  of  Essex,  was  designed  for  the 
government  of  this  kingdom,  unto  whose  service  I 
was  reconmiended  by  Mr.  Anthony  Bacon,  whereupon 
bis  lordship  very  nobly  received  me,  and  used  me  with 


26  HISTORY   OF  CORK. 

favor  and  graoe^  in  employing  me  in  issuing  ont 
patent  and  commissions  for  the  government  of  Ireland, 
whereof  Sir  Henry  Wallop^  treasurer^  having  notice^ 
and  being  conscious  in  his  own  hearty  that  I  had 
sundry  papers  and  collections  of  Michael  Eettlewell, 
his  late  under  treasurer,  which  might  discover  a  great 
deal  of  wrong  and  abuse  done  to  the  queen  in  his  late 
accounts,  and  suspecting  if  I  were  countenanced  by 
the  Earl  of  Essex,  that  I  would  bring  those  things  to 
light,  which  might  much  prejudice  or  ruin  his  repu* 
tation  or  estate,  although  I  vow  to  Ood,  until  I  waa 
provoked,  I  had  no  thought  of  it,  yet  he  utterly  ta 
suppress  me,  renewed  his  former  complaints  against 
me  to  the  queen's  majesty. 

^^  Whereupon,  by  her  majesty's  special  direetion,  I 
was  suddenly  attacked,  and  conveyed  close  prisoner  to 
the  Gate-house,  all  my  papers  seized  and  searched,  and 
although  nothing  could  appear  to  my  prejudice,  yet 
my  close  restraint  was  continued,  till  the  Earl  of 
Essex  was  gone  to  Ireland ;  two  months  afterwards,, 
with  much  suit,  I  obtained  the  favor  of  her  sacred 
majesty,  to  be  present  at  my  answers,  where  I  so  fully 
answered  and  cleared  all  their  objections,  and  delivered 
such  fall  and  evident  justifications  for  my  own  ac- 
quittal, as  it  pleased  the  queen  to  use  these  words^ 
viz.,  ^  By  God's  death,  these  are  but  inventions  against 
the  young  man,  and  all  his  sufferings  are  for  being 
able  to  do  us  service,  and  those  complaints  urged  ta 
forestal  him  therein.  But  we  find  him  a  man  fit  to  be 
omployed  by  ourselves,  and  we  will  employ  him  in 
out  service,  and  Wallop  and  his  adherents  shall  know 
thaK  it  shall  not  be  in  the  power  of  any  of  them  to 


\ 


BOYLE   ACQtJITTED   BY  THE   QUEEN.  27 


hiniy  neither  shall  Wallop  be  any  longer  our 


-.  :-  H  '  M;  I 


^  Thereupon  she  direoted  her  speech  to  her  lords  in 
council  then  present,  and  commanded  them  pre- 
to  give  her  the  names  of  six  men,  out  of  which 
mi^t  choose  one  to  be  Treasurer  of  Ireland.   Her 
fisdling  on  Sir  George  Carew  of  Cookington, 
liien  the  queen  arose  from  the  coimcil  and  gave 
not  only  for  my  present  enlargement  but  also 
dwBihHTgipg  all  my  charges,  fees,  during  my  restraint, 
and  gaTo  me  her  royal  hand  to  kiss,  which  I  did, 
iMttrtily,  humbly  thanking  God  for  that  deliverance.'^ 
There  may  be  a  great  deal  of  truth  in  what  Boyle 
Mys  about  EettlewelPs  papers,  lliere  can  be  no  doubt 
titmt  the  Treasurer  Wallop  was  a  great  enemy  of  his. 
Bit  John  Stanhope,  writing  to  Sir  George  Carew,  Not. 
2t  1602,  says  ^^  there  had  been  great  workings  against 
him,  and  many  means  made  to  put  me  into  it,  by  tell- 
ing me  that  you  were  weary  of  him,  and  would  give 
way  to  any  such  course.    Now  he  is  come,  I  am  satis- 
fied, not  only  to  deal  myself,  but  to  stop  any  other 
ooone  against  him."  Cecil  writes  to  Carew,  ^*  Although 
I  bare  never  heard  more  general  imputation  thrown 
npcm  any  man,  yet,  when  it  came  to  the  point,  I  saw 
DO  man  that  coidd  or  would  object  to  any  particular." 
lliere  is  one  &ot,  which  can  be  denied  by  none,  and 
that  is,  that  Bichard  Boyle  came  to  Ireland  with  seyen- 
teen  pounds,  a  slender  wardrobe,  a  diamond  ring  and 
dagger,  and  died  one  of  the  largest  landed  proprietors 
in  the  kingdom.  He  says  his  marriage  with  Mrs.  Joan 
Apsley  was  the  beginning  of  his  fortune;  that  he 
got  £500  a  year  in  landed  property  with  the  lady ;  but 


28  raSTORY  OF  COBK. 

the  True  Bemembrancer  cannot  be  relied  upon  eyea 
here.  His  wife's  property  was  but  £400  a  year,  and 
Sir  Eichard  Bingham,  the  Govemor  of  Connanght, 
disputes  his  right  to  even  this.  His  first  wife,  Mrs. 
Joan  Apsley^  died  in  Mallow,  the  l4th  of  December^ 
1599,  and  was  buried  in  Buttevant  church. 

He  was  married  to  his  second  wife  in  1603.  ^^I 
returned  to  Ireland  with  my  Lord  President's  license^ 
to  repair  to  court.  Where  in  his  way  to  Dublin — 
where  he  proposed  to  embark — ^he  dealt  very  nobly 
and  fatherly  like  by  me,  in  persuading  me  it  was  high 
time  for  me  to  take  a  wife,  in  hopes  of  posterity  to 
inherit  my  lands,  advising  me  to  make  choice  of  Sir 
Geoffirey  Fenton's  daughter,  and  that  if  I  coidd  affect 
her,  he  would  treat  with  her  parents  to  have  the  matdi 
between  us,  wherein  he  prevailed  so  far  as  the  9th  of 
March,  1602, 1  was,  in  his  lordship's  presence,  ooa- 
tracted  to  her,  in  her  father's  house,  at  Dublin. 

^^  The  25th  of  July,  1603, 1  was  married  to  my  second 
wife,  Mrs.  Catherine  Fenton,  the  only  daughter  of  Sir 
Geoffirey  Fenton,  principal  Secretary  of  State,  and 
Privy  Councillor  in  Ireland,  with  whom  I  never 
demanded  any  marriage  portion,  neither  promise  of 
any,  it  not  being  in  my  consideration ;  yet  her  father, 
after  my  marriage,  gave  me  a  £1,000  in  gold,  with 
her ;  but  that  gift  of  his  daughter  unto  me,  I  must 
ever  thankfully  acknowledge,  as  the  crown  of  all  my 
blessings,  for  she  was  a  most  religious,  virtuous,  loving, 
and  obedient  wife  unto  me,  all  the  days  of  her  life,  and 
the  happy  mother  of  all  my  hopeM  children,  whom 
with  their  posterity,  I  beseech  God  to  bless."  He  waa 
knighted,  on  the  occasion  of  his  second  marriage,  by  Sir 


BOYLB's  speedy  journey  to  LONDON.      29 

George  Carew,  who  recommended  him  to  purchase  Sir 
Walter  Baleigh's  Irish  estates. 

We  learn  from  the  following  passage  when  and  how 
he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Sir  George,  by  whom  he 
was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Council  of  Munster  *  in 
1602  :— 

"  Being  commanded  by  her  majesty  to  attend  court, 
it  was  not  many  days  before  her  highness  was  pleased 
to  bestow  upon  me  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the  Council  of 
Munster,  whereupon  I  bought  of  Sir  Walter  Kaleigh 
his  ship,  called  ^^  The  Pilgrim,"  into  which  I  took  a 
freight  of  ammunition  and  victuals,  and  came  in  her 
myself,  by  long  seas,  and  arrived  at  Carrig  Foyle, 
Kerry,  where  the  Lord  President  and  the  army  were 
at  the  siege  of  that  castle,  which,  when  we  had  taken, 
I  was  there  swore  as  Clerk  of  the  Council  of  Munster, 
and  presently  after  made  a  justice  through  all  that 
province ;  and  this  was  the  second  rise  that  God  gave 
to  my  fortune. 

"  Then,  as  Clerk  of  the  Council,  I  attended  the  Lord 
President  in  all  his  employments,  and  waited  on  him 
during  all  the  siege  of  Kinsale,  and  was  employed  by 
his  lordship  to  her  majesty,  with  the  news  of  that 
happy  victory,  in  which  employment  I  made  a  speedy 
expedition  to  the  court,  for  I  left  my  Lord  President 
at  Shandon  Castle,  near  Cork,  on  the  Monday  morning 
near  two  o'clock,  and  the  next  day,  being  Tuesday,  I 
delivered  my  packet,  and  supped  with  Sir  Robert 
Cecil,  being  then  principal  Secretary  of  State,  at  his 
house  in  the  Strand ;  who  after  supper  held  me  in  dis- 

*  derk  of  the  Qmnctl  o/Mumter ^His  commission  dates  Norember  16,  1602. 

Ae  salary  was  "  £20  per  amium,  and  large  fees  of  office." 


30  mSTORT   OF   CORK. 

course,  until  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  by  seyen 
that  morning  called  upon  me  to  attend  him  to  the  courts 
where  he  presented  me  to  her  majesty,  in  her  bed- 
chamber, who  remembered  me,  calling  me  by  my  name, 
and  giving  me  her  hand  to  kiss,  and  telling  me  that 
she  was  glad,  that  I  was  the  happy  man  to  bring  the 
first  news  of  that  glorious  yictory.  And  after  her 
majesty  had  interrogated  me  upon  sundry  questiona, 
yery  punctually ;  and  that  therein  I  had  ffiyen  her  full 
«ZL^  in  W«y  parties,  *e  ^pinV.  -  h» 
band  to  kiss,  and  recommended  my  dispatch  for  Ire- 
land, and  so  dismissed  mo  with  grace  and  fstyour," 

He  returns  to  Ireland  to  his  friend  the  Lord  Presi- 
dent, who  is  besieging  the  Castles  of  Berehayen  and 
Dunboy.  It  is  on  their  return  to  Cork  that  Sir  Greorge 
proposes  to  his  protege  to  purchase  Sir  Walter  Baleigh'a 
property.  ^^  He  propoimded  unto  me  the  purchase  of 
all  Sir  Walter  Baleigh's  lands  in  Munster,  offering  me 
his  best  assistance  for  the  compassing  thereof,  which 
he  really  performed,  for  upon  my  departure  forEngland 
he  wrote  by  me  two  effectual  letters,  one  to  Sir  fiobert 
Cecil,  wherein  he  was  pleased  to  magnify  my  service 
and  abilities,  and  concluding  with  a  request,  that  he 
would  make  intercession  with  Sir  Walter  Baleigh  to 
sell  me  all  his  lands  in  Ireland,  that  were  then  altoge- 
ther waste  and  desolate.  To  Sir  Walter  Baleigh  he 
also  wrote,  advising  him  to  sell  me  all  his  lands  in 
Ireland,  then  untenanted,  and  of  no  value  to  him, 
mentioning,  withall,  that,  to  his  lordship's  knowledge^ 
his  estate  in  Ireland  never  yielded  him  any  beneftt| 
but,  contrarywise,  stood  him  in  £200  yearly  for  the 
maintenance  and  support  of  his  titles.    Whereupon 


J 


Boyle's  lettee  to  carew  ealeigh.  31 

there  was  a  meeting  between  Sir  Bobert  Cecil,  Sir 
Walter  Saleigh,  and  myself,  where  Sir  Bobert  Cecil 
mediated  and  concluded  the  purchase  between  us; 
accordingly  my  assurances  were  perfected,  and  this 
was  a  third  addition  and  rise  to  my  estate." 

Thi,  y^  property,  whld.  wa.  pLh««l  for  a  mor, 
song,  was  Sir  Bobert  Boyle's  master-stroke.  It  was 
tiiis  that  gave  him  the  standing  of  an  earL  I  am 
indebted  to  the  Duke  of  Devonshirei  who  has  placed 
all  Lord  Cork's  papers  in  my  hands,  for  the  following 
letter  to  Sir  Walter  Baleigh's  son.  The  letter  is  dated 
January  16,  1631. 

^'Hokoukable  Sib, 

"  I  received  letters  from  you  of  the  11th  of 
November,  1630,  whereunto  I  made  you  a  present 
answer,  and  in  those  my  letters  did  represent  unto  you 
the  infinite  trouble  and  charge  that  your  lady-mother 
and  yourself  did  undeservedly,  without  any  just  grounds, 
by  unnecessary  suits,  draw  upon  me  when  I  was  in 
England,  which  I  shall  not  thoroughly  recover  these 
many  years.  I  also  tendered  to  your  consideration, 
how  I  purchased  your  father's  lands,  when  they  were 
utterly  waste,  and  yielded  him  no  profit. 

"  The  sum  that  I  and  he  agreed  upon  was  really 
paid,  whereof  I  paid  him  in  ready  gold,  a  thousand 
crowns*  sterling  after  his  attainder,  when  he  was 
a  prisoner  in  the  Tower.  Which  debt  of  mine  to  him, 
being  forfeited  to  his  majesty,  I  made  choice  (out  of 
my  love  to  him)  rather  to  supply  him  with  all  in  his 
extremity,  than  to  accept  a  composition  tendered  to 

•  A  tkoHtand  crwms.^lhe  property  consisted  of  forty  thousand  acres. 


82  HISTTOBY  OF  COEK. 

me  by  Sir  John  Bamsay,  after  Earl  of  Holdemess, 
who,  for  five  hiindred  marks  in  ready  money,  offered 
to  procure  me  a  discharge,  under  the  broad  seal,  for 
the  debt ;  yet  in  regard  your  father  made  it  appear 
unto  me,  that  he  hoped,  so  he  might  be  supplied  with 
the  thousand  crowns,  that  it  would  do  him  more  good 
than  a  thousand  pounds  would  have  done  before  he  fell 
into  his  troubles,  and  much  avail  towards  the  procuring 
of  his  enlargement ;  which  my  affection  guided  me  to 
make  choice  of,  although  it  constrained  me  to  tarry 
two  months  in  London,  and  to  sue  out  a  release  from 
the  king  for  the  money,  under  the  great  seal,  at  my 
own  charge,  which  the  fees,  with  my  own  stay  in 
London  for  no  other  cause,  was  very  expensive  and 
burdensome  unto  me,  it  standing  me  in  no  less  than 
two  hundred  pounds  sterling. 

"Again,  upon  my  purchase  from  your  father,  he 
entered  into  bonds  to  me  of  six  thousand  crowns — 
which  I  have  extant  under  his  hand  and  seal — to  free 
the  land,  as  well  from  all  arrears  due  to  the  queen, 
which  amounted  to  about  one  thousand  marks,  as  from 
all  other  charges  and  encumbrances  made  by  him, 
before  he  conveyed  the  land  unto  me.  And  I  am 
confident,  if  her  majesty's  death  and  his  own  troubles 
had  not  happened,  he  would  have  cleared  all  those 
arrears,  according  to  his  undertaking,  which  afterwards 
I  was  enforced  to  discharge,  as  also  to  pay  (as  I  can 
make  it  evidently  appear)  other  two  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  odd  pounds,  for  freeing  the  lands  from 
such  former  estates  and  incumbrances  as  your  father 
hath  made  them  liable  and  subject  unto,  contrary  to 
his  covenant  and  bond,  upon  either  of  which  I  could 


BOTI^^S  LEITBB  OX)   CAHEW  RALEIGH.  33 

have  no  remedy  against  him  by  reason  of  his  attainder, 
but  by  coming  to  himself,  who  deeply  protested  nnto 
me,  that  he  knew  of  none  of  those  enenmbrances 
when  he  made  his  assurance  thereof  nnto  me;  but 
that  tiiiose  that  were  so  prejudiced  against  me  and  my 
tiile,  were  done  by  two  villains  that  served  him,  the 
one  he  termed  Bobert  Mall,  the  other  John  Meares, 
the  latter  of  which,  in  my  knowledge,  was  the  most 
dangerous  and  wicked  impostor  that  I  think  did  go 
upon  the  ground,  and  I  am  fully  persuaded  that  he 
was  the  firebrand  that,  by  wicked  artifices,  kindled 
and  nourished  the  fire  of  all  those  causeless  suits  and 
troubles,  which  your  mother  and  yourself,  to  my  un- 
speakable vexation  and  charge,  drew  upon  me.  But 
Ur.  Marrott,  some  two  days  since,  told  me  that  he  was 
dead,  and  therefore  I  will  only  conclude  with  this 
prayer,  Gtoi  be  merciful  to  his  knave's  soul,  for  doubt- 
less he  was  a  very  false,  dangerous,  and  deceitful 
wretch. 

"  Moreover,  sir,  I  pray  believe,  for  upon  the  faith  of 
a  Christian,  it  is  most  true,  that  your  father's  last 
ooming  into  Ireland*  cost  me  above  1,000  marks 
sterling,  whereof  I  supplyed  him,  in  ready  money,  with 
350  crowns,  as  his  several  receipts,  all  written  in  his 
own  hand,  do  testify,  which  are  extant  with  me. 
Besides  the  oxen,  biscuit,  beer,  iron,  and  other  wants 
of  his,  which  I  bought  and  supplyed  withall.  And  the 
tery  day  that  he  took  shipping  from  Cork,  on  his  last 
filial  voyage,  he  did  me  the  honour  to  dine  with  me, 

^Zatt  coming  to  Ireland, — Sir  Walter  Raleigh  sailed  from  Cork  harbour  on 
JUi  last  unfortrmate  expedition  to  the  West  Indies,  the  9th  of  An^t,  1617.  His 
ymtA  Ifty  in  the  rirer,  somewhere  between  Dnndanion  and  Tiyoli.  I  have  been 
MiDted  to  cedars  at  TiToli  which  tradition  says  were  planted  by  Sir  Walter 
Waigh's  own  hand. 

VOL  II.  3 


34  HISTORY  OP  CORK. 


■t 


at  Sir  Bandall  Clayton's  house,*  where  at  the  table  he  ; 
let  fall  some  speeches,  as  if  he  were  not  folly  famished  - 
for  his  journey,  which  I  observing,  made  present 
means  to  get  him  a  100  crowns,  in  French  crownS| 
which  I  knew  would  be  current  money  in  any  place 
he  should  put  in  to  water  or  victual.  And  after 
dinner,  he  and  I  withdrawing  to  a  window,  I  told  him 
I  feared  that  by  some  speeches  he  had  dropped  at  the 
table,  he  was  not  sufficiently  furnished  with  monies 
for  his  voyage,  and  thereupon  tendered  100  crowns, 
which  he  refused  to  accept  of,  protesting  that  I  had 
fully  supplyed  all  his  defects  beyond  any  hope  or  ex- 
pectation, and  that  if  he  should  be  driven  into  any 
harbour,  or  other  extremity,  he  had  Jewells,  which  he 
would  sell  rather  than  take  any  more  monies  of  me» 
and  thereupon  called  unto  him  the  Lord  Barry,  the 
Lord  Eoche,  his  son.  Watt  Ealeigh,t  Captain  Whitney, 
and  divers  others  who  had  dined  with  us,  and,  taking 
his  son  by  the  hand,  told  them  all  that  I  had  kept  a 
continual  house  for  three  months  together  for  himself 
and  all  his  company,  and  that  I  had  supplyed  him 
with  several  provisions  for  victualling  of  his  ships^ 
and  with  350  crowns  in  ready  money,  and  also  sup- 
plyed most  of  his  captains  in  his  fleet  with  monies, 
and  that  now  1  would  needs  press  upon  him  a  hundred 
poimds  in  French  crowns,  which  I  have  no  need  ot, 

•  Sir  BandaU  ClauUm,  —  The  Claytons  poeseased  property  in  tliis  oonntr. 
Clayton's  castle,  near  Mallow,  was  besieged  and  taken  in  1642.  They  lost  thmr 
Irisn  estates  daring  the  reign  of  James  I.  Sir  Bobert  Clayton  was  appointed  by 
the  Corporation  of  London  to  escort  Williami  Prince  of  Orange,  from  Henley-on- 
Thames  to  the  metropolis. 

t  JFati  JW^.— Watt,  is,  of  course,  the  contraction  for  Walter.  He  wif 
the  eldest  son.  &e  accompsnied  his  father  on  this  expedition,  and  was  killed  in 
South  America.  The  second  son  was  bom  in  the  Tower,  and  called,  we  oondndei 
Carew,  after  Sir  Walter's  keeper,  Sir  George  Carew,  Lord  President  of  Mnnster. 


BOTLE's  letter  to   CABEW   RALEIGH.  85 

nor  will  not  take,  for  I  go  from  home  as  well  contented 
as  ever  man  did,  and  proceeding  further  with  thankful 
reports  and  speeches  of  me. 

^'  He  again  took  his  son  by  the  hand  and  said  imto 
him,  *  Watt,  you  see  how  nobly  my  Lord  Boyle  hath 
entertained  and  supplyed  me  and  my  friends,  and  there- 
fore I  charge  yon,  upon  my  blessing,  if  it  please  God 
that  you  outlive  me  and  return,  that  you  never  question 
the  Lord  BoyU  for  anything  that  I  have  sold  hvm^  for  I 
do  lay  my  curse  upon  my  wife  and  children  if  they  ever 
fiislion  any  of  the  purchases  his  lordship  hath  made  of 
we,  for  if  he  had  not  bought  my  Irish  land  of  me,  by 
my  &11  it  would  have  come  to  the  crown,  and  then  one 
Soot  or  other  would  have  begged  it,  from  whom  neither 
I  nor  mine  should  have  had  anything  for  it,  nor  such 
courtesies  as  now  I  have  received/  and  thereupon  I 
accompanied  him  to  the  ship-boat,  and  at  my  depar- 
tm:e  he  renewed  the  favors  I  had  done  him,  and  this 
was  the  last  time  that  I  saw  his  face. 

"And  now,  sir,  when  you  have  taken  all  this  truth 
into  your  consideration,  let  your  own  heart  and  con- 
science be  the  judge,  whether  I  have  valuably  and 
really  paid  the  full  price  and  value  for  this  waste  land 
I  purchased  of  him,  and  whether  my  usage  and  de- 
meanour towards  him,  your  deceased  father,  did  deserve 
Boch  chargeable  suits  and  troubles  as  for  the  defence 
thereof  you  have  put  me  unto,  with  this  protestation, 
tiiat  the  titles  I  bought  of  your  father,  as  it  then  stood, 
IBS  so  full  of  flaws  and  imperfections  as  if  I  had  not, 
Id  my  infinite  charge  and  travail,  procured  new  letters 
litents,  releases  and  confirmations  from  the  crown, 


36  HISTOBY  OF   CORE. 


and  [iii^'bie]  the  interest  I  paid  for  to  your  fath^  had  , 
not  enabled  me  to  hold  it  as  now  I  do. 

^^  Sir,  for  conelnsion,  I  am  yery  well  satisfied,  bjr 
good  learned  counsel,  and  I  think  you  are  of  the  same 
opinion,  that  neither  yourself  or  your  mother  can  eithw  , 
by  law  or  equity  recoyer  anything  from  me,  yrf,  nmmt*  j 
thelesSj  if  you  mil  both  join  in  perfecting  9uch  a  releaae  oi 
my  counsel  shall  draw  upj  and  I  send  unlo  yoUy  and  thai 
without  any  condition^  I  will  make  it  appear  unto  yon  • 
that  I  honour  and  respect  those  that  your  noble  deoeased. 
Mher  hath  left  behind  him ;  or  if  you  rather  desire  io 
make  your  pretended  right,  either  in  law  or  equity,  t^  . 
appear  before  two  indifferent  and  understanding  low*  '' 
yers,  that  are  men  of  learning  and  integrity,  and  tbift  ; 
you  likewise  make  it  evident  unto  them  what  etrenxgfh 
and  addition  of  title,  or  any  act  your  mother  and  jom ". 
can  do,  that  may  tend  to  the  bettering  of  your  estate^ ' 
I  am  yery  likely  to  be  induced,  upon  notice  from  ymt  • 
of  the  lawyer  you  will  choose,  to  nominate  and  jom  i 
another  unto  him,  to  hear  and  determine  your  pre*  | 
tenoes.    And  so  praying  you  to  believe  that  I  have  j 
not  been  so  ill-bred  to  neglect  the  answering  of  any 
noble  gentleman's  letters  as  I  esteem  you  to  be,  I  wiflk 
your  lady-mother  and  yourself  all  happiness,  so  taka 
leave.    From  Dublin,  16th  of  January,  1631. 

"  Tours,  wr,  to  command,  j 

We  cannot  say  how  this  correspondence  terminated»  j 
or  whether  the  dread  of  a  husband's  and  a  father's 
curse  deterred  Sir  Walter  Baleigh's  widow  and  ohil* 
dren  from  farther  questioning  ^^  any  of  the  purohaaes 


TOTieHAL   OOLLEGE  PROPEBTT.  S7 

lordship  had  made/'  or  whether  the  hope  of  a 
douceur  induced  them  ^^  to  join  in  perfecting  such  a 
lelease/'  as  his  council  should  draw  up.  If  we  were 
ignoiant  of  the  fact,  that  Bojle  had  got  the  property 
£)r  litde  or  nothing,  this  letter  would  lead  us  to  suspect 
the  justice  and  legality  of  the  purchase. 

His  lordship  got  into  hot  water,  and  suffered  loss, 
in  oomiexion  with  the  purchase  of  the  Youghal  portion 
of  this  property.    Here  he  had  to  do  with  churchmen,, 
and  the  Deputy  Stafford,  who  was  £Etr  more  daring, 
and  ahnost  as  cunning  as  himself. 

The  College  of  Youghal,  a  religious  house,  was 
founded  by  Thomas  of  Drogheda,  eighth  Earl  of 
Desmond,  in  1464,  and  widowed  with  property  at  that 
time  worth  £600  a  year,  which  consisted,  for  the  most 
pert,  of  tithes  or  church  livings.  This  house  enjoyed 
its  property  and  privileges  for  some  time  after  the 
Beformation,  but  in  1597,  Nathaniel  Baxter,  who  was 
then  warden  of  the  college,  was  required,  under  a 
penalty  of  a  thousand  marks — for  which  he  was 
obliged  to  pass  his  bond — to  resign  the  place  into  tho 
queen's  hands  in  forty  days.  Baxter  took  advantage 
of  the  time  to  have  the  college  and  its  livings  passed, 
by  letter  of  attorney,  into  the  hands  of  Sir  Thomas 
Norreys,  then  Lord  President  of  Mimster.  It  was 
next  made  over  on  William  Jones,  of  Youghal,  who 
lidd  it  in  trust  for  Sir  Walter  Ealeigh,  the  original 
vndertaker,  Jones  sold  his  interest,  whatever  it  may 
iave  been,  to  Sir  George  Carew,  and  Sir  George  Carew 

his  firiend  Sir  Bichard  Boyle — ^we  know  not  for  what 
,  but  he  paid  dearly  in  the  end,  as  we  shall  now 


38  HISTOKY  OF  COBS. 

Sir  Walter  Baleigh  having  been  attainted  of  treason 
before  the  deeds  and  purchase  were  executed,  Bichard 
Boyle  had  to  pay  a  thousand  pounds  to  the  king  in 
order  to  have  this  flaw  to  his  title  remedied.  He 
obtained  his  patent  in  1604  ^^  for  all  Sir  Walter 
Baleigh's  lands  in  Ireland/'  in  which  this  college  is. 
particularly  mentioned.  But  he  was  not  at  this  time 
aware  of  the  fact  that  Sir  James  FuUerton  had  also 
obtained  a  patent  from  King  James,  November  7ih| 
1603,  for  concealed  church  lands,  which  enabled  him 
to  claim  the  lands  of  Youghal  College.  But  the  king 
had  no  objection  to  give  patents  to  both.  Boyle  was^ 
therefore,  compelled  to  give  Fullerton  ^^a  sum  of 
money  " — ^we  are  not  told  how  much — "  for  his  title." 

But  the  purchase  of  Fullerton's  interest  could  not 
remove  the  flaw  in  his  own  title.  He  seems  at  last  to 
have  thought  so,  for  he  wrote  Sir  Qeorge  Carew  to 
get  his  kinsman.  Doctor  Boyle,  made  warden  of  the 
college.  The  Doctor,  who  was  afterwards  Bishop  of 
Cork  and  Cloyne,  let,  or  made  over,  the  revenues  of 
the  college,  as  a  marriage  portion  on  Mistress  FentoUi 
the  daughter  of  Sir  Geoffirey  Fenton,  Lord  Cork's 
second  wife.  We  are  told  that  the  lady's  father  in- 
sisted particularly  on  the  revenues  of  this  house  tat 
her  jointure.  She  obtained  a  lease  of  these  revenues 
in  fee  farm  for  ever,  at  a  rent  of  twenty  marks  yearly. 
The  indenture  bears  date  April  8th,  1605,  and  makes 
mention  of  the  ^^ooUege  and  all  the  edifices,"  the 
lands  of  Ballymulcaske,  one  ploughland  near  Youghal, 
the  parsonages  and  rectories  of  Youghal,  Inchiquin^ 
Killeigh,  Ichtermurragh,  Ardeak,  Aglishane,  Beaver, 
or  Carrigaline,   Moyallow,   Newtown,   Olehane,  and 


BISHOP  ATHBKTON's  EXECUTION.  39 

Aghcaromoe ;  the  parsonages  of  Miros,  Skull,  and 
dliemuok ;  the  yioarages  of  Eilmaodonough,  Gariyoe, 
and  Eiloredan,  all  in  this  county.  The  reotbry  of 
Aj^ish,  Idronine,  in  the  diocese  of  Ardfert,  with  all 
their  advowsons  and  patronages. 

The  Earl  of  Cork  illegally  possessed  himself  of  vari- 
OQB  other  ohurch  lands  and  benefices,  to  the  utter  ruin 
of  Frotestant,  as  well  as  Catholic  clergymen.  ^^  No 
hngnage/'  says  Doctor  Byland^  in  his  History  of 
Waterford,  ^^  can  describe  tke  deplorable  situation  of 
the  ohurch — about  1630 — several  of  the  bishoprics, 
among  others  that  of  Waterford,  were  reduced  as  low 
as  £50  a  year ;  and  the  stipend  o/B&me  of  the  vicarages 
9ere  mfy  sixteen  shillings  per  annum.^^ 

Doctor  Atherton  was  at  this  time  Bishop  of  Water- 
ford.    "It  was  his  duty,''    says  Doctor  Eyland,    "  to 
commence  a  prosecution  against  the  Earl  of  Cork,  for 
the  recovery  of  Ardmore,  Lismore,  and  other  lands, 
fonnerly,  and  of  right,  belonging  to  the  church,  but 
then  in  possessicm  of  that  earl.     His  lordship  com- 
ponnded  for  the  lands  of  the  See  of  Waterford,  by 
giving  back  Ardmore  to   the    church,   but  Bishop 
Atherton  sueing  for  the  remainder,  and  being  well 
qualified,  by  his  talents  and  spirit,  to  go  through  with 
the  suit,  fell,  as  there  is  too  much  reason  to  think,  a 
.    aacrifice  to  that  litigation,  when  he  sujSered  for  a  pre- 
'    tended  crime  of  a  secret  nature,  made  felony  in  that 
^   parliament,  upon  the  testimony  of  a  single  witness,  that 
deserved  no  credit,  and  who,  in  his  information,  pre- 
tended that  the  crime  had  some  time  before  been  com- 
[,  laitted  upon  himself.    The  bishop,  during  all  the  time  of 
I  Idimost  exemplary  preparation  for  death,  and  even  at  the 


40  mSTOBY  OF  CORK.  \ 

I 

mofmnt  of  his  exeeutimj  is  stated  to  have  absolutely  : 
denied  the  fact,  and  the  fellow  who  swore  against  him^ 
when  he  came  to  be  executed  himself,  some  time  after, 
confessed  at  the  gallows,  the  &lsehood  of  his  accoBa* 
sation.  Atherton  was  executed  on  the  5th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1640;^ 

As  this  language  contains  the  most  serious  implica- 
tion, or  charge,  ever  made  on  Lord  Cork's  character, 
or  that  could  be  made  against  the  character  of  any  on&— 
namely,  the  compassing  of  the  death  of  an  innocent 
man,  and  that  man  a  bishop — ^we  regret  that  Doctor 
Byland  has  not  famished  us  with  the  eyidence  oil 
which  the  charge  rests. 

The  Irish  Deputy,  Lord  Falkland,  was  called  over  * 
to  England  in  1 629,*  on  which  occasion  the  sword  of 
state  was  committed  to  the  Lord  Chancellor  Lofhifl^. 
and  the  Earl  of  Cork,  as  Lords  Justices.  They  were 
sworn  in  on  the  26th  of  October,  1629.  It  was^ 
during  their  administration,  says  Smith,  that  '^  seyeral 
popish  houses  were  seized  in  Dublin  for  the  king's 
use."  Not  altogether  for  the  king's  use — Cork  House, 
for  example,  on  the  side  of  Cork  Hill,  on  which  the 
church  of  St.  Mary  stood,  was  for  the  use  of  one 
Sichard  Boyle.  This  establishment  was  first  demised 
to  Sir  George  Carew  for  the  annual  rent  of  six  marks 
nine  shillings,  Irish.  It  afterwards  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Earl  of  Cork,  who  has  given  his  name,  or 
title,  to  the  hill  on  which  it  stood. 

The  Earl  of  Cork,  writing  to  Viscount  Dorchester, 

•  In  1629.  This  year  ib  famoiu  for  the  Battle  of  the  Stares.  «AU  of  a 
sudden  an  infinite  multitude  of  stares,"  like  a  dark  clond,  passed  oTer  the  oity. 
They  were  obserred  to  fight  fniiotisly  for  seyeral  hours.  Great  numbers  M  U 
the  ground  quite  dead. 


1^ 


i 


LORD   WENTWORTH  APPOINTED  DEPUTY,  41 

ftaysi  ^^  These  locusts  were  also  assembled  in  the  city 
of  Ck>rk,  being  very  nnmerous,  and  have  set  up  their 
sereral  orders  and  convents,  wearing  their  particular 
habits."  He  desires  that  the  President  of  Munster, 
Sir  William  St.  Leger,  should  be  directed  to  follow  in 
Cork  the  example  of  the  Lords  Justices  in  Dublin. 

The  Lords  Justices  the  Earl  of  Oork  and  the  Chan- 
cellor Loftus,  delivered  up  the  sword  of  state  to  Lord 
Wentworth,  afterwards  Earl  of  Strafford,  who  was 
appointed  Lord  Deputy  of  Lreland  in  January,  1631. 
The  Earl  of  Cork  became  Lord  High  Treasurer  of 
Ireland  in  the  same  year.  He  addressed  the  following 
letter  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  of  England,  when  he 
heard  he  had  been  superseded  in  his  office  as  one  of 
the  Lords  Justices.  Conceal  it  as  he  will,  he  saw  an 
enemy  in  Lord  Wentworth,  and  apprehended  the 
coming  storm — conscience  makes  cowards  of  us  all; 
and  he  had  much  in  the  shape  of  church  and  escheated 
property  upon  his  conscience,  of  which  Wentworth 
and  Laud  were  anxious  to  see  him  disburdened : — 

"  Eight  Honobablb  and  my  singxjlae  good  Lord, 
"  I  gladly  understand  that  his  majesty,  in  his 
high  wisdom,  hath  made  choice  of  the  Lord  Viscount 
Wentworth  to  be  Lord  Deputy  General  of  Ireland, 
of  whose  nobleness,  wisdom,  and  plentiful  estate,  I 
heard  much  when  I  was  at  court,  whereof  reports  hath 
made  an  addition  from  thence,  since  he  was  designed 
for  this  government,  which  I  shall,  with  all  alacrity, 
yield  up  unto  him,  as  I  am  confident  in  general  tran- 
quility, having  a  full  heart,  full  of  comfort,  in  that  a 
nobleman  of  his  abilities  and  reputation,  with  so  full 
and  absolute  power,  shall  govern  us. 


f 


42  HISTOBr  OF  COEK. 

^^  And  now  I  beseech  your  lordship  to  give  me  leave 
to  put  you  in  mind,  that  the  services  I  have  performed, 
and  the  endeavours  I  have  used  for  the  advancement 
of  his  majesty's  affairs,  have  principally  received  en- 
couragement from  your  lordship,  to  whom,  from  time 
to  time,  I  have  carefully  given  an  account  of  my  pro- 
ceedings, as  I  shall  ever  acknowledge  a  great  and 
perpetual  obligation  to  your  lordship,  for  preferring 
me  to  the  office  of  High  Treasurer  *  here,  so,  also,  for 
the  good  words  I  understand  you  have  constantly  given, 
as  well  in  public  as  private,  of  my  services  and 
travails. 

^^  I  doubt  not  that  your  lordship  best  understands 
that  by  how  much  the  more  I  have  dealt  cordially  and 
sincerely  in  the  king's  afiSEiirs,  I  have  privately  con- 
tracted to  myself  the  more  enmity  and  emulation, 
hoping  it  will  not  be  conceived  the  least  against  a 
sincere  and  loyal  servant,  that  when  I  found  myself 
disenabled  to  perform  those  services  for  my  master, 
that  I  desired,  and  might  justly  be  expected,  through 
the  great  oppositions  and  contestations  raised  against 
me,  I  humbly  desired  that,  with  his  majesty's  good 
grace  and  jGavor,  I  might  be  freed  from  this  joint 
government,  and  give  place  to  one  more  powerful  and 
able,  and  of  greater  credit  in  court,  to  pass  through 
his  majesty's  business,  free  from  opposition,  whicl^  in 
discharging  my  duty,  I  could  not  do. 

^^  I  am  also  much  comforted  that  his  majesty's  free 
election  (though  I  am  a  stranger  and  unknown  to  him) 
hath  fellen  on  the  Lord  Wentworth,  who,  the  sooner 

•  BtrfttUng  me  m  the  qfiee  of  Sigh  Dretuurer,  He  was  not  iwom  in  tiH 
the  Noyember  of  this  year. 


cork's  letter  to  the  lord  treasurer.        43 

he  aniyes  the  better  shall  he  be  welcome  unto  me, 
being  more  than  hopefully  assured  that  your  lordship 
will  be  constant  to  your  own  favors,  and  that  yon  will 
TOQchsafe  to  take  upon  yourself  some  part  of  the  cares, 
that  I  may  be  delivered  over  to  my  successor,  for  the 
man  which  I  truly  am  to  his  majesty  and  his  services, 
and  that  those  who  are  my  maligners,  only  for  the  dis- 
charging the  commands  of  his  majesty,  your  lordship, 
and  the  rest  of  the  council,  according  to  the  duty  of 
my  place,  may  not  have  power  to  insinuate  or  settle 
any  prejudice  of  opinion  in  his  lordship  against  me ; 
wherein  I  shall  be  the  more  secured  of  the  Lord  Went- 
worth's  own  virtue  and  instinct  if  it  may  be  furthered 
with  your  lordship's  noble  advice  and  commendations, 
which  favor,  I  presume,  I  may  in  some  sort  claim  as 
merit,  for  that  I  have  these  two  years  and  a  half  served 
the  king,  my  master,  faithfully  and  laboriously,  with 
an  upright  heart  and  clean  hands,  and  have  neglected 
my  own  estate,  and  spent  of  my  own  over  above  four 
thousand  crowns,*  for  which  I  expect  no  other  retri- 
bution than  grace  and  good  acceptance. 

"  I  humbly  beseech  your  lordship  to  believe,  that 
you  cannot  place  your  favors  upon  a  more  thankful 
subject  than  on  your  lordship's  most  humble  and  faith- 
fiil  servant    Dublin,  5th  March,  1631. 

"  E.  Cork.'' 

The  Earl  of  Cork's  first  dispute  with  Lord  Went- 
worth  was  respecting  his  wife's  tomb,  which  he  had 
fiet  up  in  Saint  Patrick's  Cathedral,  Dublin,  and  which 
Bay  Lord  Deputy  "  was  resolute  to  pull  down,"  of 
which  Lord  Cork,  in  writing  to  Sir  William  Beecher 

•  Ffmr  thoutand  eroumt.    His  income  was  £100  a  month. 


44  mSTOKY   OF  COAK. 

from  Dublin,  20th  March,  1633,  says,  "  Pd  rather 
have  my  left  hand  cut  o£"  He  writes  and  sends  his 
son  to  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  Wentworth 
also  writes.  Laud,  who  is  a  high-churchman,  writes 
to  the  Lord  Primate  of  Dublin,  a  friend  of  Lord  Cork. 
^'  The  information  here  was,  that  his  lordship  had  got 
up  his  monument  at  the  east  end  of  the  choir,  just  in 
the  place  where  the  altar  or  communion  table  stood,  a 
place  most  unfit  for  such  a  purpose,  and  not  offered, 
for  ought  I  know,  to  be  taken  by  any  king  in  Christen- 
dom, and  therefore  most  tuifit  for  a  subject.^'  Laud, 
in  the  end,  says  it  may  stand  if  screened  off  from  the 
choir,  but  adds,  ^^  I  can  hardly  believe  my  lord  had 
good  council  to  put  it  there." 

There  it  stands  to  the  present  day.  It  is  thus  de- 
scribed by  a  modem  writer : — "  In  the  choir  are  many^ 
monuments.  That  of  the  first  Earl  of  Cork  and  several 
members  of  his  family,  which  is  placed  on  the  right 
side  of  the  altar,  is  an  unsightly  pile  of  black  stone,  of 
antiquated  sculpture,  with  ornaments  of  wood,  painted 
and  gilt,  exhibiting  sixteen  unconnected  figures,  le- 
presenting  as  many  individuals  of  the  fiunily."  We 
conclude,  from  the  above  extract,  that  it  must  be  a 
fac-simile  of  the  monument  in  St.  Mary's  of  YoughaL 

Whether  Wentworth,  who  resolved  to  pull  down  the 
monstrosity,  was  nettled  at  its  being  allowed  to  stand, 
we  know  not,  but  the  next  year  he  summoned  Lord 
Cork  to  appear  before  him  in  the  High  Court  of  Castle 
Chamber — in  Wentworth's  time,  a  sort  of  Irish  Star 
Chamber — ^in  Dublin,  to  answer  the  Attomey-Oeneral, 
Sir  William  Beeves,  who  laid  serious  charges  against 
him,  for  gaining  and  keeping  illegal  possession  of  the 


WKNTWOBTH  FINES  LOBD   COKK.  45 

college  and  revenues  of  Yooghal.  Charges  were  also 
made  against  the  Bishops  of  Cork*  and  Waterford  for 
aiding  and  assisting  Lord  Cork,  and  for  procuring  and 
retaining  him  in  the  illegal  possession  of  this  property. 

The  Earl  of  Cork  is  taken  by  suprise,  and  not  having 

Ids  papers  in  Dublin,  where  he  was  then  residing,  asks 

for  time,  and  pleads  his  privilege,  *^  it  being  parliament 

time.''    The  suit  is  put  off  till  next  term,  when  the 

«arl  produces  his  leases,  deeds  and  patents.     Lord 

Wentworth,  after  hearing  the  defence,  adjourned  the 

court,  and  sent  a  message  to  Lord  Cork,  to  say,  that  if 

he  submitted  his  case  to  him  he  woidd  prove  the  best 

friend  he  ever  had.  Lord  Cork,  seeing  no  wiser  course, 

agreed  to  abide  by  the  Lord  Deputy's  decision,  who 

fined  him  fifteen  thousand  pounds  in  lieu  of  the  rents 

and  profits  of  the  Youghal  College  property,  which  he 

had  drawn,  and  deprived  him  of  all  the  advowsons 

and  patronages— of  everything,  with  the  exception  of 

the  college-house  and  some  fields  or  demesnes  near 

Toughal. 

The  earl  was  never  so  "  done  "  in  all  his  life.  This 
decision  was  apples  and  nuts  to  Laud,  who  writes 
Wentworth,  November  15,  1633—'*  My  lord,  I  did 
not  take  you  to  be  so  good  a  physician  as  you  are  for 
the  truth ;  a  great  many  church  cormorants  have  fed 
«o  fall  upon  it  that  they  are  fallen  into  a  fever,  and  for 
that  no  physic  is  better  than  a  vomit,  if  it  be  given  in 
time,  and  therefore  you  have  taken  a  very  judicious 
course  to  administer  one  so  early  to  my  Lord  Cork.  I 
hope  it  will  do  him  good,  though,  perchance,  he  thinks 

*  The  Bishop  of  Cwh  was  Bichard  Boyle,  cousin  to  the  earl.  Smith  sajs, ''  he 
repaired  more  minoos  churches,  and  consecrated  more  new  omeSi"  in  1620,  than 
any  other  bidxop  of  his  time.    He  died,  March  19th,  1644. 


46  msXORT  01*  CORE. 

not  so,  for  if  the  fever  hang  long  about  him,  or  the 
rest,  it  will  certainly  shake  either  of  their  estates  in 
pieces.  Go  on,  my  lord;  I  must  needs  say  this  is 
thorough^^  indeed,  and  so  is  your  physic,  too,  for  a 
vomit  never  ends  kindly  that  does  not  work  both  ways^ 
and  that  is  thoraugh.^^ 

But  Lord  Cork  has  his  revenge,  and  a  fearfdl 
revenge  it  is,  on  the  Lord  Deputy.  He  is  summoned 
by  the  English  House  of  Commons  to  give  evidence 
as  it  regards  Strafford's  Irish  mal-administration. 
^^  Though,"  says  the  Earl  of  Cork,  ^^  I  was  prejudiced 
in  no  less  than  £40,000  and  2,000  marks  a  year  "— 
the  truth  now  comes  out  respecting  the  value  of  at 
least  the  Youghal  portion  of  Sir  Walter  Baleigh's 
property  or  "  waste  lands  " — "  I  put  off  my  examina- 
tion for  six  weeks."  Smith  says,  ^^  He  was  so  generous 
as  to  put  it  off."  But  it  comes  on  at  last,  and  he  is^ 
if  we  are  to  believe  himself,  ^^so  reserved  in  his 
answers,  that  no  matter  of  treason  could^  by  them,  be 
fixed  upon  the  Earl  of  Strafford."  It  is  true  that  he 
tells  of  his  having  taken  from  himself  several  impro- 
priate rectories,  and  in  particular  that  of  Martalstown 
in  Tipperary,  which  he  gave  to  Arthur  Ghiynn,  his 
lordship's  coachman's  groom,  who  was  inducted  into 
the  living ;  but  this  was  a  trifle. 

Strafford,  in  his  reply  to  Lord  Cork's  charge,  con- 
fines himself  to  Youghal,  and  acknowledges  that  he 
deprived  the  earl  of  church  property  of  ^^  great  value, 
which  Lord  Cork  had  unlawfully  acquired."    Lord 

*  TKorongK  Lord  Macanley  lajs  that  Wentworth  was  the  fint  to  use  thii 
word  thercugh.  The  word  oocan  in  Spemer'a  View  of  the  State  of  Ireland.  We 
conclude,  from  Land's  play  npon  the  word,  that  it  was  a  fa?oiite  tenn  with 
Strafford. 


LORD  cork's  revengb.  47 

Cork  is  "  very  much  irritated."  This  '^  smart  rejoinder 
turned  out  to  be  very  prejudicial  to  the  Earl  of 
Straflford's  cause,  who  soon  after  was  brought  to  the 
scaffold."  Lord  Cork's  diary  contains  the  following 
note  of  his  death :— "  This  day  the  Earl  of  Strafford 
was  beheaded.  No  man  died  more  universally  hated, 
or  less  lamented  by  the  people." 

The  Earl  of  Strafford,  with  all  his  faults,  was  a  far 
nobler  and  a  better  man  than  the  Earl  of  Cork.  He 
was  a  bold  and  most  tyrannical  administrator,  but  seems 
to  have  followed  his  own  convictions ;  his  political 
economy  was  not  very  sound,  but  he  saw  far  enough 
to  discover,  that  the  best  way  to  enrich  the  king  was 
to  begin  by  enriching  the  people.  Ireland  owes  its 
best  and  almost  its  only  trade  or  manufacture  to  the 
Earl  of  Wentworth.  He  expended  in  one  year  £1,000 
in  importing  a  superior  description  of  flax*  into  this 
oonntry.  It  was  thus  the  foundation  of  the  linen  trade 
was  laid,  which  he  ventured  to  predict  would  prove  a 
great  boon  to  the  country.  He  will  be  always  held  in 
the  remembrance  of  the  nation,  for  his  courage  and 
faithiiil  adhesion  to  his  unfortunate  master,  Charles  I., 
who  was  weak  enough  to  sign  the  bill  of  attainder  at 
the  request,  it  is  true,  of  his  faithful  friend  and  minister. 

"Strafford  hearing  of  Charles'  irresolution  and 
^ety,  took  a  very  extraordinary  step ;  he  wrote  a 
letter,  in  which  he  entreated  the  king,  for  the  sake  of 
public  peace,  to  put  an  end  to  his  unfortunate,  how- 
ever innocent,  life,  and  to  quiet  the  tumultuous  people, 

*  Flax,  Sir  John  Clotworthy,  one  of  the  Pmitan  members  of  the  long  par- 
vent,  the  second  witness  against  Strafford,  charged  him,  in  his  examination, 
^pril  15, 1641,  with  coercing  the  Irish  to  mannfactnre  flax  in  a  way  unknown  to 
wi,  with  trecting  looms  and  creating  a  monopoly  in  the  linen  yam  trade. 


48  HISTORY  OF  OORK. 

by  granting  them  the  request  for  which  they  were  so 
importunate.  In  this  (added  he),  my  consent  will 
more  acquit  you  to  God  than  all  the  world  can  do 
besides.  To  a  willing  man  there  is  no  injury.  And 
as,  by  God's  grace,  I  forgive  all  the  world^  with  a 
calmness  and  meekness  of  infinite  contentment  to  my 
dislodging  soul,  so,  sir,  to  you  I  can  resign  the  life  of 
this  world,  with  all  imaginable  cheerfulness,  in  the 
just  acknowledgment  of  your  exceeding  favours." 

The  king  took  him  at  his  word,  which,  it  must  be 
confessed,  both  surprised  and  startled  the  imprisoned 
nobleman,  and  induced  him  to  exclaim,  in  the  words 
of  scripture,  ^^  Put  not  your  trust  in  princes^  nor  in  th$ 
sons  ofmen^  for  in  them  there  is  no  salvation J^  He  was 
beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  the  12th  of  May,  1641.  His 
discourse  on  the  scaffold,  says  Hume,  ^'  was  full  of 
decency  and  courage.  He  said  he  feared  the  omen 
was  bad  for  the  intended  reformation  of  the  state,  that 
it  commenced  with  the  shedding  of  innocent  blood." 
Having  bid  adieu  to  his  brother  and  Mends,  he  added, 
^^  Now  I  have  done.  One  stroke  will  make  my  wife  a 
widow,  my  dear  children  fatherless,  deprive  my  poor 
servants  of  their  indulgent  master,  and  separate  me 
from  my  affectionate  brother,  and  all  my  friends  I  But 
let  God  be  to  you,  and  them,  all  in  all  I"  While 
disrobing,  and  preparing  for  the  block,  he  said,  ^'I 
thank  God  that  I  am  nowise  afraid  of  death,  nor  am 
daunted  with  any  terrors;  but  do  as  cheerfully  lay 
down  my  head  at  this  time,  as  ever  I  did  when  going 
to  repose  I" 
^,  The  second  chapter  of  that  beautiful  and  most 
^^^markable  book,  the  EixoN  Basiuxe,  or  Picture  of 


I 

\ 


CHABLBS'    OPINION   OF  STBAFFOBD.  49 

Kings,  supposed,  on  good  authority,  to  have  been 
written  by  Charles  during  his  imprisonment,  contain 
the  following  reflections  on  the  character  and  death  of 
the  Earl  of  Straflford  :— 

"I  looked  upon  my  Lord  of  Strafford  as  a  gentleman, 
whose  great  abilities  might  make  a  prince  rather  afraid 
than  ashamed  to  employ  him  in  the  greatest  affairs  of 
state.  For  those  were  prone  to  Create  in  him  great 
oonfidence  of  undertakings,  and  this  was  like  enough 
to  betray  him  to  great  errors,  and  many  enemies; 
whereof  he  could  not  but  contract  good  store,  while 
moTing  in  so  high  a  sphere,  and  with  so  yigorous  a 
lustre,  he  must  needs,  as  the  sun,  raise  many  envious 
exhalations,  which  condensed  by  a  popular  odium,  were 
capable  to  cast  a  cloud  upon  the  brightest  merit  and 
integritie. 

"  Though  I  cannot,  in  my  judgment,  approve  all  he 
fid,  driven,  it  may  be,  by  the  necessities  of  times  and 
the  temper  of  that  people,  more  than  led  by  his  own 
disposition  to  any  height  and  rigour  of  actions,  yet  I 
could  never  be  convinced  of  any  such  criminousnesse 
in  him,  as  willingly  to  expose  his  life  to  the  stroke  of 
justice  and  malice  of  his  enemies. 

"  I  never  met  with  a  more  unhappy  conjuncture  of 

a&irs,  than  in  the  business  of  that  unfortunate  earl ; 

when  between  my  own  unsatisfiedness  in  conscience, 

Bnd  a  necessitie,  as  some  told  me,  of  satisfying  the 

importunities  of  some  people,  I  was  perswaded  by 

those  that  I  think  wished  me  well,  to  choose  rather 

what  was  safe  than  what  seemed  just ;  preferring  the 

ratward  peace  of  my  kingdoms  with  men,  before  that 

inward  exactnesse  of  conscience  with  God. 

TOL,  n.  4 


60  HTSTOKY   OF   OOBK. 

^'  And  indeed  I  am  so  faxre  from  excusing  or  deny- 
ing that  complianoe  on  my  part,  for  plenary  consent  it 
^as  not,  to  his  destruction,  whom,  in  my  judgment, 
I  thought  not,  by  any  clear  law,  guilty  of  death ;  that 
I  never  bare  any  touch  of  conscience  with  greater 
regret,  which,  as  a  sign  of  my  repentance,  I  have 
often  with  sorrow  confessed  both  to  God  and  man,  as 
an  act  of  so  sinfuU  frailtie  that  it  discovered  more  a 
fear  of  man  than  of  God,  whose  name  and  place  on 
earth  no  man  is  worthy  to  bear,  who  will  avoid  incon- 
veniences of  state,  by  acts  of  so  high  injustice  as  no 
public  convenience  can  expiate  or  compensate. 

^^  I  see  it  a  bad  exchange  to  wound  a  man's  own 
conscience,  thereby  to  salve  state  sores ;  to  calm  the 
storms  of  popular  discontents  by  stirring  up  a  tempest 
in  a  man's  own  bosome. 

^^  Nor  hath  God's  justice  failed  in  the  event  and  sad 
consequences,  to  show  the  world  the  fallacie  of  that 
maxime,  better  one  man  periskj  though  unjusUyj  than 
the  people  be  dtspleasedj  or  destroyed.  But  thou,  0  Ood 
of  infinite  mercies,  forgive  me  that  act  of  sinful  oom- 
pliance,  which  hath  greater  aggravations  upon  me  than 
any  man.  Since  I  had  not  the  least  temptation  of 
envy  or  malice  against  him,  and  by  my  place  should, 
at  least,  so  farre  have  been  a  preserver  of  him,  as  to 
have  denied  my  consent  to  his  destruction." 

The  king  concludes  with  the  following  beautiful 
prayer,  where  he  employs  the  language  of  the  royal 
psalmist  in  the  confession  of  his  sin  in  the  case  of 
Uriah : — 

"  0  Lord,  I  acknowledge  my  transgression,  and  my 
fiinne  is  ever  before  me.     Deliver  me  from  blood- 


A  king's  befentancs.  61 

guiltmess,  0  God  of  my  salyation,  and  my  tongue 
shall  sing  of  ihy  righteousness.  Against  thee  have 
I  sinned,  and  done  this  evil  in  thy  sight;  for  thou 
sawest  the  contradiotion  between  my  heart  and  my 
hand." 

He  asks  in  another  part  of  this  admirable  book, 
^'  Was  it  in  ignorance  I  suffered  innocent  blood  to  be 
shed,  by  a  false  pretended  way  of  justice  ?  0  no,  but 
with  shame  and  grief  I  confesse  that  I  therein  followed 
the  persuasions  of  worldly  wisdom,  forsaking  the  dic- 
tates of  a  right-informed  conscience."  Just  before 
this  pious  monarch  laid  his  head  upon  the  block,  he 
observed  that  the  unjust  sentence  on  Strafford,  which 
he  had  suffered  to  take  effect,  was  then  punished  by 
an  equally  xmjust  sentence  upon  himself.  We  do  not 
envy  the  Earl  of  Cork  his  triumph  over  this  unfortu- 
nate nobleman. 


CHAPTER   III. 

CIVIL   WAB  IK   THE   COUNTY    COBK. 
A.D.  1641—1660. 

A  C0NQI7EBSD  and  an  oppressed  people  require  only  the 
opportnnity  to  arise  and  east  off  their  chains,  and 
avenge  themselves  on  their  oppressors.  The  English 
civil  war  afforded  this  opportunity  to  the  Irish,  and  it 
was  promptly  embraced.  There  was  some  indiscri- 
minate slaughter  of  the  English  in  the  north,  but  not 
to  the  extent  that  Irish  Protestants  imagine.  In  the 
south  it  was  civil  war^  which  lasted  from  1641  to 
1650. 

The  Irish  civil  war  differed  from  the  English  by  the 
addition  of  a  third  and  a  fourth  party.  We  had  the 
Boyalist  and  Parliamentary  parties,  as  in  England,  and 
along  with  these  a  great  Irish  party  which  we  may 
style  the  Loyal  Catholic  Confederation,  from  whose 
bosom  sprang  the  Ultramontane  party,  at  whose  birth 
both  the  Irish  Boyalist  and  Catholic  Confederate 
perished,  leaving  the  English  parliamentary  party  in 
possession  of  the  field. 

The  objects  of  the  great  Catholic  Confederation 
were  two-fold — to  protect  the  English  throne  and  the 
Catholic  religion.  The  following  oath  was  taken  by 
all  the  members : — 


THB   OATH  OF  THE  ASSOCIATION.  53 


**  I,  A,  B.,  do  profess,  swear,  and  protest  before  God 
and  his  saints  and  angels,  that  I  will,  during  my  life, 
bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  my  sovereign  lord, 
Charles,  by  the  grace  of  God,  King  of  Great  Britain, 
France,  and  Ireland,  and  to  his  heirs  and  lawfiil  suc- 
cessors ;  and  that  I  will  to  my  power,  during  my  life, 
defend,  uphold,  and  maintain,  all  his  and  their  just 
prerogatives,  estates,  and  rights,  the  power  and  privi- 
lege of  the  parliament  of  this  realm,  the  fundamental 
laws  of  Ireland,  the  free  exercise  of  the  Boman 
Catholic  faith  and  religion  throughout  this  land ;  and 
the  lives,  just  liberties,  possessions,  estates,  and  rights 
of  all  those  that  have  taken,  or  shall  take,  this  oath, 
and  perfonn  the  contents  thereof. 

''  And  that  I  will  obey  and  ratify  all  the  orders  and 
decrees  made,  and  to  be  made,  by  the  supreme  council 
of  the  Confederate  Catholics  of  this  kingdom  concerning 
the  said  public  cause ;  and  I  will  not  seek,  directly  or 
indirectly,  any  pardon  or  protection  for  any  act  done, 
or  to  be  done,  touching  this  general  cause,  without  the 
consent  of  the  major  part  of  the  said  council ;  and  that 
I  will  not,  directly  or  indirectly,  do  any  act  or  acts 
that  shall  prejudice  the  said  cause,  but  will,  to  the 
hazard  of  my  life  and  estate,  assist,  prosecute,  and 
maintain  the  same. 

"Moreover,  I  do  farther  swear,  that  I  will  not 

accept  of,  or  submit  unto,  any  peace  made,  or  to  be 
made,  with  the  said  Confederate  Catholics^  without  the 
eonsent  and  approbation  of  the  general  assembly  of  the 
said  Confederate  Catholics;  and  for  the  preservation 
and  strengthening  of  the  associatiov  and  union  of  the 


54  mSTORT  OF  CORK. 

kingdoiQi  that  upon  any  peace  or  accommodation  to  be 
made  or  conclnded  with  the  said  Confederate  CathoUcs^ 
as  aforesaid,  I  will  to  the  utmost  of  my  power,  insist 
upon  and  maintain  the  ensuing  propositions,  until  a 
peace,  as  aforesaid,  be  made,  and  the  matters  to  be 
agreed  upon  in  the  articles  of  peace  be  established  and 
secured  by  parliament  So  help  me  God  and  His  holy 
gospeL" 

This  great  Irish  party  was  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Confederate  Catholics  of 
Ireland,  which  appointed  four  generals  for  the  respec- 
tive provinces  —  Owen  Eoe  O'Neill  for  Ulster,  Bany 
for  Munster,  Preston  for  Leinster,  and  Burke  for  Con- 
naught.  The  Irish  royalists  were  represented  by,  and 
fought  beneath,  the  standard  of  the  Marquis  of  Ormond. 
The  extreme  Catholic,  or  ultramontane  party,  was 
under  the  direction  of  Binuccini,  Archbishop  and  Prince 
of  Fermo,  in  the  quality  of  Nuncio.  The  parliamenta- 
rians, at  that  time  an  extreme  Protestant  and  Anti- 
Catholic  party,  were  under  the  direction  of  the  Earl  of 
Cork  and  his  family. 

The  first  intelligence  received  in  the  south,  of  the 
outbreak  or  rising  which  commenced  in  the  north,  in 
the  October  of  1641,  was  communicated  to  Lord  Cork, 
who  was  dining  with  his  son-in-law,  the  Earl  of  Barry- 
more.  His  son.  Lord  Broghill,  and  the  Lord  of  Mus- 
kerry,*  were  also  present.  They  were  at  dinner  when 
a  gentleman  entered,  pale  as  death,  with  dispatches} 

*  Lord  of  Mutkerry^  i.e.  Donongh  Mac  Carthy,  the  son  of  Oge  Mac  Garthji 
who  was  a  student  at  Oxford  when  his  father  inade  his  escape  from  Oarew, 
who  held  him  prisoner  in  Shandon  Castle.  See  vol.  i.,  p.  This  Lord  Mna- 
kerry  was  created  Earl  of  Glancarty,  by  Charles  II.,  in  1&68.  The  Trenchat, 
who  are  descended  from  Elena,  daughter  of  the  Oxford  student,  now  bear  tho 
title  of  Clancarty. 


BREAKING   OUT   OF   THE   KEBELLION.  55 

and  begged  to  speak  with  my  Lord  Cork  in  private. 
He  informed  the  earl  that  the  Irish  were  in  arms^  from 
Leinster  to  Clonmel ;  and  that  they  were  perpetrating 
horrible  outrages  on  the  English.  His  lordship,  who 
was  perfectly  cool,  requested  the  gentleman  to  sit  down 
to  dinner.  He  opens  the  dispatches,  which  consist  of 
proclamations,  warning  the  English  to  be  on  their 
guard. 

The  Lord  of  Muskerry,  who  is  one  of  the  confederate 
Catholics,  and  has  a  commission  from  King  Charles  in 
his  pocket,  to  raise  4,000  men  in  Munster,  makes  light 
of  it,  and  calls  it  some  ridiculous  report,  for  which 
there  is  no  foundation.  The  Earl  of  Cork  does  not 
know  what  to  think,  but  before  returning  to  Lismore, 
sends  the  news  to  the  Lord  President,  Sir  William  St. 
L^er,  who  is  residing  at  Doneraile.  The  next  report 
is  that  the  Lord  of  Muskerry  is  up  in  arms,  at  the 
head  of  several  thousand  Lish  rebels.  Lord  Cork  and 
his  sons,  and  we  regret  to  say  Doctor  Smith,  call  tho 
Irish  loyal  confederates,  in  whose  ranks  were  the  first 
Anglo-Norman  and  Irish  noblemen  in  the  kingdom, 
"rebels."  The  Lord  President  St.  Leger,  who  has  a 
sincere  love  for  the  king,  and  who  is  ignorant  that 
Lord  Muskerry  is  acting  under  his  instructions,  col- 
lects his  forces  to  oppose  the  Irish  rising.  He  takes 
a  position  at  Bedshard,  a  pass  from  the  coxmty  Limerick 
to  the  county  Cork,  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  Bally- 
houra  mountain.  Hearing  that  the  enemy  are  in  full 
march  to  meet  him,  he  draws  up  in  order  of  battle,  and 
waits  their  onset. 

An  Irish    trumpeter,   accompanied  by  Walsh,   a 
lawyer,  issue  from  the  pass,  and  demands  a  parley 


66  mSTOHT  OP  COHK. 

with  the  Lord  President.  The  noblemen  and  gentle- 
men who  surround  8t  Leger,  are  astonished  to  behold 
a  man  of  ^^  parts  and  education,"  like  Walsh,  issuing 
from  the  rebel  camp.  Walsh  informs  St.  Leger  that 
they  have  the  king's  commission  for  what  they  do,  and 
that  if  he  gets  a  safe  conduct,  he  will  show  him  the 
commission,  under  the  great  seal.  St.  Leger  is 
thunderstruck.  If  this  be  true,  it  is  he,  and  not  my 
Lord  Muskerry,  who  is  in  rebellion.  Lord  Broghill 
says  it  is  a  stratagem  of  Lord  Muskerry  to  amuse 
them.  Walsh  gets  the  safe  conduct,  and  returns  the 
next  day  with  a  large  parchment,  containing  a  formal 
commission,  having  the  broad  seal  affixed,  directing 
Lord  Muskerry  to  raise  four  thousand  men  for  his 
majesty's  service  in  the  county.  St.  Leger  peruses  the 
document,  returns  it  to  Walsh,  whom  he  dismisses, 
and  then  says  to  my  Lords  Dungarvan,  Broghill,  and 
Kinalmeaky,*  the  sons  of  the  Earl  of  Cork,  "My 
Lord  of  Muskerry  has  a  commission  for  what  he  does. 
I  will  dismiss  those  men  and  act  no  farther.  I  would 
die  rather  than  be  a  rebel."  This  was  worthy  of  St. 
Leger.  He  disbanded  his  forces,  although  Lord  Brog- 
hill, who  held  with  the  English  parliament,  insisted 
that  it  was  a  "  cheat." 

The  Lish  royalists,  or  Irish  loyal  Catholics,  then 
under  the  command  of  Lord  Mountgarret,t  marched 
from  the  Ballyhoura  moxmtain  to  Buttevant,  and  from 
Buttevant  to  Mallow,  where  General  Barry,  who  had 

*  Kinalmiakyy  from  Ceann-neal-fneaoon,  "  The  head  of  a  noble  root." 

t  Lord  MowUgarret^  •*.  e,y  Richard  Butler.  He  was  a  descendant  of  the  eiriltli 
Earl  of  Ormond.  He  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Hugh  O'Neill^  Etn  o^ 
^rone.  His  son,  Edmund,  married  the  daughter  of  Lord  Gastlehayeii,  general 
or  the  Irish  army,  of  whom  we  shall  speak  by  and  bye. 


THE  CONFEDERATES  AT  MALLOW.  57 

served  in  the  Spanish  army,  assumed  the  command  of 
the  army  of  Mnnster,  to  which  he  had  been  nominated 
by  the  Irish  Confederate  Council.  Lord  Barrymore, 
in  a  letter  to  Lord  Cork,  dated  February  17,  1642, 
says,  the  Irish  offered  him  the  chief  command.  We 
require  better  authority  than  his  own  word  for  this. 
**  But,"  he  adds,  "  I  will  jGu:st  take  an  offer  jfrom  my 
brother  [in-law]  Dungarvan,  to  be  hangman  general 
at  Youghal."  This  office  might  have  better  suited  a 
man  who  hung  "  forty-three  notable  rebels  for  a  break- 
jGut."  Lord  Cork  calls  Lord  Barrymore  ^^  the  oldest 
oolonel  in  the  province." 

Mallow  had  two  castles,  the  property  of  the  Jeph- 
sons,  who  were  at  this  time*  great  parliamentary  men 
and  great  Cromwellians.  Sir  William  Jephson,  the 
eldest  son  of  Sir  John,  moved  in  the  house  that  Crom- 
well be  offered  the  crown.f  One  of  these  castles,  the 
picturesque  ruins  of  which  still  adorn  Sir  Denham 
Norreys'  demesne,  was  under  the  command  of  Arthur 
Bettesworth,  and  had  a  garrison  of  two  hundred  men. 
The  other,  called  Short  Castle,  and  in  Irish,  Castle 
Gan,  was  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Bichard  Williamson. 
The  latter  place  was  besieged  by  and  surrendered 
to  Major  Purcell,   who  was  serving  with  the  loyal 

*  M  tkit  time.  The  Norreys,  from  whom  the  Jephsons  were  maternally 
desoended,  were  most  special  favorites  with  Queen  ElizaMth,  who  writes  to  Lady 
Korrers,  on  the  death  of  one  of  her  sons — "  My  own  dear  Crow,  nature  can  have 
itirreQ  no  more  dolorous  affection  in  you,  as  a  mother,  for  a  dear  son,  than  the 
nttefnl  memoir  of  his  services  past  hath  wrought  in  us,  his  sovereign."  Lady 
Momjs  was  called  a  "  crow,''  from  the  darkness  of  her  hair.  Her  husband  tola 
fke  queen  that  the  rumour  of  their  son's  death  had  made  the  croVs  heart  as  black 
at  her  feathers. 

t  Ofered  the  croum.  When  Cromwell  asked  him  why  he  had  made  such  a 
Wa^oiif  Jephson  replied,  in  the  Cromwellian  stylo,  "  As  long  as  I  have  the  honor 
l»  nt  in  parliament,  I  must  follow  the  dictates  of  my  conscience.''  **Get  thee 
igm%  for  a  mad  fellow,"  says  Oliver,  with  a  dap  on  the  shoulder. — Sumtf  a  Sistory 
^Jb^Umdj  vol  vii.  p.  261. 


58  mSTOKY   OF  COBK. 

confederates.  Smith  tells  the  following  anecdote 
of  Williamson,  but  does  not  mention  his  autho- 
rity: — 

^'  After  Lieutenant  Williamson  had  surrendered  the 
Short  Castle,  he  went  into  a  public-hou»e,  with  some 
of  his  men,  and  a  few  of  the  Irish,  to  drink.  He  had 
not  sat  long,  when  an  Irish  officer  entered  the  room 
with  another  man,  who  laid  down  a  block  and  a  large 
Bword,  which  apparatus  startling  Williamson,  he  asked 
what  they  were  for,  and  was  answered,  to  strike  oflF 
his  and  his  men's  heads ;  which  was  no  sooner  spoke, 
but  Williamson  snatched  up  the  sword,  with  his  left 
hand,  took  hold  of  the  Irish  officer  by  the  hair,  and 
drew  him  to  the  very  walls  of  the  other  castle,*  not  far 
distant,  where  he  gave  him  some  kicks,  and,  letting 
him  go,  entered  the  castle  with  his  men." 

Mr.  Clayton's  castle,  near  Mallow,  was  taken — after 
some  hard  fighting — and  its  garrison,  of  twenty-four 
men,  put  to  the  sword.  Mr.  Bettesworth's  house  was  also 
seized,  and  the  royal  confederate  troops  quartered  there. 
In  one  of  the  four  manuscript  volumes  of  ^^  DepositiMa^ 
concerning  the  Murders  and  Bobberies  Committed  tfi  the 
County  of  Corky'^  now  deposited  in  Trinity  CoU^^ 
Library,  we  find  Mr.  Bettesworth  stating  his  losses  at 
£2,279.  William  Kingsmill,  of  Ballybeg.  deposes 
that  he  lost  property  to  the  amount  of  £7,242  12s.  Id. 
James  Baldwin,  of  Ballyhay,  in  the  barony  of  Fermoy, 
who  makes  his  mark,  L  B.,  lost  to  the  value  of  £58  8a. 
"  John  Brice,  of  Cahirduggan,  in  the  county  of  Cork, 
taylour,  deposeth  and  saith,  that  on  or  about  the  11th 

*  The  other  eastle—Hie  rains  of  which  stand  on  the  banks  of  tho  Blaekwfttar, 
within  Sir  Donham  Norre)s*  domcsno.  This  noblo  pile  was  raised  by  one  of  th* 
Earls  of  Desmond. 


THE  DEPOSITIONS  FOR  THE  COUNTY  CORK,  59 

of  February  last  past,  he  lost,  was  robbed,  and  force- 
ably  despoyled,  of  his  goods,  and  chattells,  and  debts^ 
to  the  value  of  1 9s.  6d."  Sir  Eobort  Tirrell,  late  of 
tlie  baiony  of  Small,  county  of  Cork,  knight,"  lost  to 
the  value  of  £1,786.  Dina  Holland,  a  ^'  Brittish  Pro- 
testant," wife  of  John  Holland,  of  Enniskcene,  in  the 
parish  of  Xineagh,  ^^  deposeth,  on  the  part  of  her  hus- 
band, now  sick,  that  he  was  robbed  to  the  amount  of 
£59>"  Dina  makes  ^^  her  marke,"  and  a  queer  mark 
it  is.  Those  Protestants  had  no  idea  of  writing. 
Mary  Berry,  widow  and  relict  of  Richard  Berry,  of 
Oag^;en,  in  the  parish  of  Ballymoody,  deposeth  to  the 
ksB  of  eight  cowes,  fewer  yong  heffers,  one  mare  and 
eolt,  to  the  value  of  £25,  with  oats,  wheat,  and  rye, 
Talae  eight  pounds,  and  four  pounds  in  ready  money. 
Mary's  name  and  mark  are  arranged  thus :  ^^  Mary 
M.  B.  Berry's  mark."  Thomas  Bulmar's  *^  mke  "  or 
marke,  is  a  B  on  its  back,  thus,  PQ ,  which  looks  like 
two  bee-hives.  Simon  Lightfoot,  of  Kinsale,  who  lost 
"goods  and  chattells "  to  the  amount  of  £141,  signs 
himself  "  Symon  S.  L.  light  foote."  Joane  Crews, 
late  of  Mawlare,  county  of  Corke,  wid.,"  was  robbed  of 
£73,  and  her  husband^  "  because  he  had  a  fowling 
piece  in  his  hand."  Joan  Law,  a  widow  of  Donowraile," 
lostproperty  to  the  value  of  £16  8s.,  including  "  three 
£>wling  pieces  and  fortie  shillings."  John  Egan,  of 
Mayallow — ^MaUow — makes  his  mark,  and  says  he  lost 
£85.  Lawrence  Spenser,  in  the  barony  of  Kinalmeaky, 
in  the  county  of  Cork,  yeoman,  was  robbed  of  £220  5s. 
■lawrence  Spenser  makes  his  mark.  Was  this  a  de- 
ifoendant  of  the  poet  ?  We  have  also,  in  the  deposition 
numbered  2,353,  the  name  of  Bobert  Milton.    The 


1 


60  mSTORT  OF  CORE. 

last  name  is  that  of  Thomas  More,  written  thns: 
^^Thomoee,  a  Bryttysh  Protestante/'  of  Eihitalloon, 
who  was  robbed  to  the  amount  of  £814,  and  £15  m 
debts.  The  parties  making  these  depositions  yery 
frequently  seek  compensation  for  debts. 

There  are  about  two  thousand  of  these  depositions 
in  the  four  volumes  relating  to  the  county  of  Cork, 
the  whole  of  which  I  have  read.  They  are  nearly  all 
drawn  up  in  the  same  way,  as  if  from  a  printed  form. 
Some  part  of  nearly  every  deposition  is  crossed  out;: 
in  other  instances  the  pen  has  been  drawn  through  the 
lines  or  words.  The  sums  claimed  are  generally  from 
£60  and  upwards,  but  a  few  descend  to  shillings,  like 
John  Brice,  the  taylour,  of  Cahirduggan,  who  was- 
despoiled  to  the  amount  of  19s.  6d.  The  depositions 
are  all  dated  1642,  and  are  for  the  most  part  signed — 
in  the  left  hand  comer — ^by  either  Phil.  Brisse,  Bo*. 
Southwell,  Thos.  Graye,  Hen.  Buggey,  Thomas  EllwelV 
or  Jam.  Wallis.  We  give  the  following  as  a  sped'- 
men: — 

DsposiTiOK  No.  1737. 

**  Anthony  Eingsmill,  Clarke,  lately  of  Moyallo,  in  ye  Ooantb 
of  Corke,  deposeth  and  saith  that  near  about  Christmas  last  pMt 
and  by  means  of  this  recent  rebellion  in  Ireland,  he  hath  lost,  wis 
robbed,  and  forseably  despoylcd  of  his  goods  and  means,  to  the 
generall  yalews  following — ^riz.,  of  debts  due  from  Cormaeke  Mao- 
Carthy,  of  Court  Breckie,  in  ye  Countie  of  Cork,  who  was  aotoaUy 
in  rebellion,  Lieutenant  of  Blarney  Castle,  the  Chiefe  Lords  of 
Muskerie ;  and  due  from  Walle,  of  Wales  Town,  in  the  Countie  of 
Corke  and  Barony  of  Fermoy,  who  was  lately  in  actual  rebeUion, 
and  for  the  same  hath  had  his  castle  of  Walestowne  dimolisshed 
and  was  himself  taken  prisoner.  The  losses  amounteth  to  nw^ft 
one  poundes  and  fower  shillings.    Lastly  this  depo.'*^  deposeth 


\ 


LOBD  BROGHILL's  BRAVEBY.  61 

that  this  jeare  and  ye  last  in  his  ecdessiasticall  meanes  he  hath 
sustained  ye  losse  of  one  hundred  poundes,  by  me 

'*  AkTHOKIA  KlNGSHlLL. 

**  Jwroi  coram  nohis^ 

"  !&>-  P.buis,  1642. 
*'hsk.  rugget, 
«' Thomas  Ellwxli^." 

Temple  says,  that  while  the  Irish  remained  about 
Mallow  they  consumed  no  less  than  50,000,  others  say 
100,000,  sheep,  and  a  great  quantity  of  other  cattle, 
the  property  of  the  English.  General  Barry  hovered 
for  some  time  about  Cork,  while  other  portions  of  the 
Irish  army  advanced  upon  Lismore,  which  was  under 
the  care  of  Lord  Broghill,  the  ablest  of  Lord  Cork's 
sons.     He  writes  his  father  thus : — 

^^  My  host  noblb  Lobb, 

"  Yesterday  morning  I  had  intelligence  that 
two  colours  of  the  enemy  were  on  this  side  Ballyduff, 
IrilliTig  and  rifling  all  the  English,  which  made  me 
draw  out  thirty  foot  and  thirty  horse,  with  Captain 
Bh)drick,  who  would  needs  accompany  me.  When  I 
came  to  Ballygarron,  I  espied  two  troops  of  horse  and 
advanced  towards  them,  which,  when  they  saw,  they 
sent  two  light  horse  down  the  glen,  towards  the  river, 
to  caU  up  their  foot — their  horse  retired  into  a  lane  — 
whereupon  I  made  a  stand,  and  would  have  had  our 
musqueteers  to  have  poured  in  upon  them,  and  made 
them  come  into  good  ground  to  have  charged  them 
with  my  horse,  but  before  we  could  effect  this  there 
Mme  up  to  their  horse  a  body  of  800  foot,  well  armed 
with  pike  and  gim,  and  also  a  troop  of  sixty  horse,  out 
of  a  wood.    We  staid  till  the  foot  came  within  musket 


62  mSTOBY  OF  GORE. 

shot,  at  random,  and  then  I  retreated  some  100  pacem^ 
to  a  good  plot  of  gronnd,  to  have  drawn  their  horse 
from  their  foot,  but  they  advanced  towards  ns,  all 
together,  which  made  Captain  Brodrick,  Hodge  Power 
and  I,  think  it  best  to  retreat ;  but  first  we  made  a 
stand  of  half  a  quarter  of  an  hmr^  and  gave  them  a 
flourish  with  our  trumpet,  which  done,  we  came  as  &8t 
as  foot  could  fall  to  Lismore,  which  they  sent  me  ward 
they  would  lie  in  this  night ;  but  I  will  never  believe 
them  till  I  see  it,  nor  care  for  them  when  they  aie 
here.^'  The  letter  is  dated  "  Lismore,  Feb.  17,  1642." 
We  glean  the  following  from  a  letter  to  Lord  Dun- 
garvan,  dated  Feb.  20,  1642 :— Mr.  Bichard  Butler,* 
brother  to  the  marquis,  with  four  colors,  had  passed 
the  Blackwater.  Lord  Broghill  sent  out  scouts  to 
know  who  they  were.  An  Irish  officer,  named  Captain 
Fennel,  rode  out  of  the  ranks  and  informed  them ;  and 
at  the  same  time,  gave  a  challenge  to  any  oavalier  in 
Broghill's  army.  An  officer  named  Michael  Jonea^  of 
great  personal  courage,  rode  out  to  meet  hinu  They 
cross  swords,  the  Irish  horseman  retreats  up(m  his 
foot,  Jones  follows  and  has  his  horse  shot  under  him. 
Dowling,  a  friend  of  Jones,  seeing  three  men  in  am- 
bush, calls  him  back ;  but  while  in  the  act  of  wheeUng 
round  his  own  horse,  is  mortally  wounded,  and  &1Ib 
out  of  the  saddle.  Jones  endeavours  to  place  his  dying 
friend  on  horseback,  but  fails.  Lord  Broghill  sends 
out  a  trumpet  for  the  corpse^  who  receives  reply  that 

^^  Dowling  was  not  yet  dead.''    The  body  is  sent  in 

• 

•  Mr.  Siehard  Butler  of  Kiloaah,  brother  to  Jamet^  MarquU  of  Omumd.  Ha 
wai  a  lieutenant-general  in  the  Irinh  army.  He  mamed  Lady  Franoea  TooBMy 
sister  to  the  Earl  of  Caatleharen. 


LOBD   EINALMEAKY  AT  BANDON.  6S 

the  next  morning.  Broghill  adds,  ^^  It  was  his  father's 
old  fowler,  Trarers,  that  shot  him." 

Lord  Broghill,  who  tells  the  story  about  Captain 
Fennell,  gave  a  challenge  himself,  which  he  did  not 
wait  to  redeem.  Lord  Castlehaven,  a  general  in  the 
Irish  Confederate  army,  had  taken  Cappoquin  and 
Dromana,*  when  a  trumpeter  approached  to  say  that 
my  T-iOrd  Broghill  was  on  the  great  Coney  Warren, 
near  Lismore,  where  he  should  be  glad  to  meet  him. 
Oastlehayen  immediately  marched  towards  my  lord, 
^'  but  upon  coming  near,  my  lord  drew  off  and  marched 
away." — The  Earl  of  Castlehaven^s  MemoirSj  p.  80. 

The  protection  and  government  of  Bandon  was 
oommitted  to  Lord  Kinalmeaky,  another  of  the  Earl 
of  Cork's  sons.  Cork,  Youghal,  Einsale,  and  Bandon, 
were  the  only  towns  in  the  county  in  the  hands  of  the 
parliament  party.  As  Bandon  was  a  walled  town, 
many  fled  to  it  for  protection;  a  number  of  the  English 
settlers  from  Clonakilty  sought  the  shelter  of  its  walls. 
The  lord  of  Muskerry,  whom  Doctor  Smith  styles  Lord 
Clancarthy,  Ma«  Carthy,  Carthy  Eeagh,-}*  O'Donovan, 
and  O'Sullivan,  were  assembling  in  Carbery,  with 
wild  and  lawless  bands  at  their  heels.  The  lord  of 
Muskerry,  who  was  esteemed  the  head  of  the  Irish 
party  in  Munster,  not  only  hung  several  of  the  common 
people  for  thieving,  but  sent  some  of  the  Kinalmeaky 
tiiieves  to  Bandon,  "where  they  met  their  desert" 
from  the  young  Lord  Kinalmeaky. 

*  DromatM,    This  place  is  incorrectly  spelt  Dromona  in  toL  L  p.  192. 

t  Mite  Carthy  Beagh.  Daniel  Mac  Carthy,  son  and  heir  of  Florence  Mac 
Girthy,  was  suspected  of  being  in  the  parliament  interest ;  but  Carte  says,  "  I 
live  not  fonnd  uat  he  has  ever  stirred  on  the  side  of  the  parliament."^ Civ^f 
BmU  Pqpen,  p.  294. 


64  HISrOBY  OF  CORK. 

The  Irish,  under  the  command  of  Mac  Carthy 
Beaghy  approached  the  walls  on  the  18th  of  Februaiji 
1642.  Lord  Einalmeaky  made  a  sally  with  about  two 
hundred  foot  and  sixty  horse.  There  was  some  hard 
fighting.  The  Irish,  who  were  repulsed^  had  over  a 
hundred  slain — "  whereof  five  were  gentlemen  of  note 
and  leaders '' — and  fourteen  taken  prisoners,  who  were 
"  directly  executed  by  martial  law*  at  the  town  gate." 
Sharp  practice  this  for  men  fighting  for  their  king,  and 
liberty  to  practise  their  religion. 

Lord  Cork,  writing  of  this  affiur  to  his  relative, 
the  Earl  of  Warwick,f  says,  "  And  now  the  boy  has 
blooded  himself  upon  them,  I  hope  that  God  will  bless 
him  and  his  majesty's  forces,  that  as  I  now  write  but 
of  the  killing  of  a  hundred,  I  shall  shortly  write  of  the 
killing  of  thousands." — ^Pious  language  this,  my  Lord 
Cork  !  But  he  explains :  ^^  Their  unexam][ded  cruelty 
hath  bred  such  desires  of  revenge  in  us,  that  every 
man  hath  laid  aside  all  compassion,  and  is  as  bloody  in 
his  desire  against  them,  as  they  have  been  in  their 
execution  of  us."  Lord  Cork,  who  set  up  for  a  pious 
man,  and  who  took  for  his  motto,  "  God's  providence 
is  my  inheritance,"  forgot  the  words,  "  The  Lard  wiU 
abhor  the  hhody  man.^^ — ^^  Bloody  men  shall  not  live  half 
their  days?^  A  year  did  not  pass  before  "  the  boy,'* 
who  had  ^^  blooded  himself  ^^  at  Bandon,  was  brought 
home  a  bloody  corpse  from  Liscarrol. 

The  Lords  Justices,  in  sending  down  the  commis- 

*  Martial  law.  Commissions  to  execute  martial  law  had  been  sent  down 
for  this  purpoie  by  the  Lords  Justices,  who  took  the  side  of  the  parliament.  Loud 
Broghill  tola  Bichard  Butler,  of  Kilcash,  **  that  for  quarter,  he  never  knew  wiiaft 
the  word  meant." 

t  Earl  of  Wanoick,  Charles  Rich,  second  son  of  thii  earl,  mazried  JmAx 
Mary,  Lord  Cork's  seventh  daughter. 


YOUGHAL   IN  DANQEB.  65 

810118  for  the  execntion  of  martial  law  on  loyal  Irish 
Catholics,  return  thanks  to  the  Earl  of  Cork  for  his 
care  of  Youghal,  and  tell  him  they  depend  on  him  to 
keep  it  for  the  landing  of  supplies.  The  earl,  who  is 
now  an  old  man,  writing  to  another  son-in-law,  Lord 
Goring,*  says,  "To  prevent  the  yielding  up  of  this 
town  to  the  rebels,  as  weak  and  infirm  as  I  am,  I  am 
oommanded  hither,  and  I  have  brought  with  me  for 
my  guard,  1000  foot  and  60  horse,  which  I  have  here 
with  me  in  defence  of  this  poor  weak  town,  where  the 
Irish  are  three  to  one  of  the  English ;  and  if  it  should 
be  lost,  all  the  hope  and  retreat  of  the  English  in  the 
province  is  gone.  And  God  willing,  I  will  be  so  good 
a  ocmstable  to  the  king,  my  master,  as  I  will  die  in  the 
defence  thereof,  although  I  have  no  great  hope  to 
defend  it,  yet  we  will  bestir  ourselves  as  Englishmen.'' 

King  or  Parliament,  it  was  all  alike  to  my  Lord 
Cork,  provided  he  was  allowed  to  hold  his  own.  This 
letter  was  dated  at  midnight  of  Twelfth-day,  after  a 
heavy  and  sorrowful  Christmas.  He  writes  a  few  days 
after,  and  puts  the  following  superscription  on  his  let- 
ter : — "  In  all  haste  !    Haste  1    Fost-haste  !    Haste  !  " 

Sir  Charles  Vavasor  arrived  in  Youghal  with  a 
thousand  men,  in  February,  1642.  The  day  belauded, 
the  native  Irish  executed  eight  of  Lord  Cork's  English 
tenants,  and  boimd  an  Englishwoman's  hands  behind 
her,  and  buried  her  alive. 

The  city  of  Cork  may  be  said  to  have  been  invested 
this  year,  1642,  by  Irish  troops,  under  the  command 
of  Lord  Muskerry.    Doctor  Smith  calls  it  a  blockade. 

-   •  Lord  Oorinfff  Viee-Cbamberlain.    Lord  Cwk's  daughter,  Lettice,  wai  married 
j     te  hia  son,  Colonel  George  Goring. 

TOL.  zi.  5 


66  HISTORY  OP  CORK. 

'<  On  the  13th  of  April  the  Lord  Muskerry,  who  had 
kept  his  camp  at  Bochfortstown,  within  three  miles  of 
Oorky  caused  a  party  of  the  army  to  chase  the  Engliah 
scouts  into  the  very  suburbs."  The  Lord  Fresidenti 
Sir  William  St.  Leger,  is  within  the  walls,  too  siok  to 
take  an  active  part  in  the  defence  of  the  city.  Lord 
Inchiquin  and  Colonel  Yarasor  get  his  permission  to 
sally.  They  catch  the  besiegers  in  the  act  of  packing 
up  their  traps;  they  chased  them  for  three  miles,  taking 
their  equipages  and  carriages,  with  Lord  Muskerry's 
armour,  tent  and  trunks.  Mac  Fineen's  brother,  better 
known  as  Captain  SuganSj  with  two  hundred  of  the 
Irish  troops,  were  slain. 

The  parliamentary  troops  are  in  need  of  eyerytfaing, 
so  much  so  that  St  Leger  permits  them  to  seise  £4,000, 
which  Sir  Bobert  Tynte,  of  Youghal,  was  transporting 
into  England.  Tynte  was  afterwards  recompensed  by 
the  grant  of  land*  between  Youghal  and  Castlemartyr. 
Lord  Cork  says,  writing  to  the  Earl  of  Warwiek, 
^^  Before  this  rebellion,  my  revenue,  besides  my  houses^ 
demesnes,  parks,  and  other  royalties,  did  yield  me  fiffy 
pounds  a  day  rent.  I  do  vow  unto  your  lordship  that 
I  have  not  now  fifty  pence  a  week  coming  to  me.'* 
He  had  to  provide  in  Youghal  for  fifteen  companiefl^ 
who  were  fed  on  salt  beef,  barrelled  butter,  and  bis- 
cuit— "  with  water  to  drink," — "  which,"  says  his 
lordship,  ^^  made  a  rich  churchyard  and  a  weak  gar- 
rison." 

Lord  Inchiquin,  when  greatly  driven  for  supplies, 
called  a  council  of  war,  which  decided  on  seizing  the 

*  Oirmt  of  land.    His  grant  lay  on  the  coast    His  honse  or  OMtley  Billy* 
crenane,  stood  near  Ballycotion  Bay. 


.• 


DEATH  OF  SIE  WILLIAM  ST.  LEGBB.  67 

tobacco  of  all  the  patentees  in  the  comity,  of  which 
there  was  a  large  supply  in  Cork,  Xinsale,  and 
YoughaL  Some  troops  haying  arrived,  for  which 
there  was  no  provision,  he  ordered  them  to  Youghal, 
which  could  scarcely  support  its  own  garrison.  The 
men  hesitated  or  halted  on  the  way.  Inohiquin  sent 
a  messenger  to  say  if  they  did  not  march  he  would  hang 
thenu  This  was  no  doubt  to  annoy  my  Lord  Cork. 
Inchiquin  was  at  heart  more  of  a  royalist  than  a  par- 
liamentary man. 

Sir  Wmiam  St.  Leger,  Lord  President  of  Munster, 
whose  heart  was  with  the  king,  and  in  whose  cause 
his  eldest  son  had  fallen  at  the  battle  of  H'ewbury^ 
died  at  Doneraile,  the  2nd  of  July,  1642.  Dr.  Smitiii 
8ay%  the  distractions  between  the  king  and  the  parlia- 
ment so  troubled  his  spirit,  and  made  so  deep  an 
impression  on  his  mind,  that  it  threw  him  into  a  dis- 
order, of  which  he  died.  St.  Leger,  writing  to  Ormond, 
says,  "It  grieves  me  beyond  any  earthly  sorrow, 
for  the  great  distance  and  difference  betwixt  his  ma- 
jesty and  the  parliament ;  and  if  all  the  measures  of 
the  times,  joined  with  my  long  and  violent  sickness, 
were  not  of  force  to  subject  me  to  the  grave,  yet  the 
sorrow  for  these  unhappy  variances  would  crack  a  much 
stronger  heart  than  your  servant  hath  now  left  in  him." 

Ludlow  says,  the  king  appointed  Lord  Muskerry  to 
the  office  of  president,  but  the  Lords  Justices  chose 
Lord  Lichiquin,*  who  had  married  St.  Leger's  daugh- 
ter, which  kept  this  nobleman  on  the  side  of  the 
parliament. 

*  Lvrd  Inehiqumy  i.  e.  Murrough  O'Brien,  the  sixth  baron  and  first  earl  of 
lachiquim    He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  William  St.  Leger. 


68  HISTORY   OF   COEK. 

The  Irish  confederate  anny,  consisting  of  7,000  foot, 
5,000  horse,  and  a  good  train  of  artillery,  under  the 
command  of  General  Barry,  re-entered  this  county  on 
the  20th  of  August,  1642.  They  commenced  opera* 
tions  by  the  siege  of  Liscarrol  Castle,  which  they 
assailed  with  a  ^^  battering  piece  of  so  large  a  bore, 
that  it  was  drawn  by  twenty-five  yoke  of  oxen."  The 
castle,  the  property  of  Sir  Philip  Perceval,*  who  was  in 
England,  surrendered  on  the  2nd  of  September,  after 
a  siege  of  thirteen  days. 

Inchiquin  arrived  on  the  ground  the  next  day,  at 
the  head  of  the  Parliamentary  troops.  Sir  Charles 
Vavasor,  Colonel  Myn,f  Captain  Jephson,  and  the  four 
sons  and  the  son-in-law  of  Lord  Cork,  were  in  his 
army,  namely,  Lords  Dungarvan,  Kinalmeaky,  Brog- 
hill,  and  Barrymore,  with  Master  Francis  Boyle,  alteEr- 
wards  Lord  Shannon.  In  the  Irish  confederate  army 
were  Lords  Eoche,  Muskerry,  Ikerrin,J  Dimboyne^ 
Castleconnel,  Brittas,  Colonel  Bichard  Butler,  and  a 
number  of  other  Irish  gentlemen. 

The  Irish  foot  were  divided  into  three  bodies — ^the 
right  wing  was  posted  near  a  battery,  on  a  hill ;  the 
left  near  the  castle,  within  a  musket  shot  of  another 

*  Sir  FhUip  Fereeval  obtained  grants  of  forfeited  lands  to  the  anumnl  of 
101|000  statute  acres.  He  died  1647,  when  his  son,  John,  was  created  a  hanail 
of  Ireland,  1661,  by  patent,  with  this  remarkable  clause,  that  the  eldest  son,  or 
grandson,  shall  become  a  baronet  after  the  age  of  21,  and  daring  tiie  lifetane  of 
the  father  or  grandfather,  as  the  case  may  be.  Kobert,  the  second  son  of  the  fint 
baronet,  was  assassinated  in  1677,  by  an  unknown  hand,  in  the  Strand,  Londan. 
Another  member  uf  this  family  was  assassinated  by  fiellingham  in  the  lobby  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  in  1812.  The  great-grandson  of  the  first  Sir  Philm  be- 
came  Baron  of  Burton,  county  Cork,  in  1716;  Viscount  PerceTal,  of  KantaK,  is 
1722;  and  £arl  of  E^ont  in  1733.  The  present  earl  possesses  much  ptoperty 
in  this  county,  in  and  about  Eanturk,  Buttevant,  and  liscarrol. 

t  Coionel  Myn. — He  went  to  England  on  a  cessation  of  hostilities,  tlid  WW 
slain  in  Gloucestershire,  and  most  of  his  Irish  r(  giment  cut  to  pieces. 

{JA^^rm.— Sir  Pierce  Butler,  who  was  created  Viscount  Ucerrin  in  16Sft. 
The  eighth  viscount  was  created  Earl  of  Carrick  in  1748. 


BATTLE   OP   LI8CARE0L.  69 

battery  ;  the  third  division,  which  consisted  for  the 
most  part  of  pikes,  stood  between,  and  a  little  behind 
the  other  two.  The  horse  occupied  the  brow  of  a 
hiU.  Their  position  was  well  chosen.  Lord  Inchiquin 
advanced  with  a  party  of  horse  against  the  Irish 
cavalry.  It  was  on  this  occasion  that  Lord  Kinal- 
m^^y  was  killed,  by  a  party  of  musqueteers  that  lay 
behind  the  hedges.  His  brother,  Francis  Boyle,  a  lad 
of  nineteen,  bore  off  his  body  and  horse  from  the  midst 
of  the  enemy.  Inchiquin  made  one  or  two  mistakes, 
but  gained,  notwithstanding,  a  decided  victory.  The 
confederates  lost  seven  hundred  men,  three  pieces  of 
artillery,  and  thirteen  pair  of  colors.  There  was 
quarter  given  to  none,  but  Colonel  Eichard  Butler, 
son  to  the  Lord  Ikerrin,  who  was  the  last  man  of  the 
Irish  army  that  left  the  field.  Inchiquin  had  only 
twelve  men  killed,  and  about  twenty  wounded.  The 
loss  of  the  confederates  was  not  great :  seven  hundred 
from  an  army  of  seveu  thousand  five  hundred;  nor  was 
Lord  Inchiquin  able  to  follow  up  the  victory,  but  was 
compelled,  for  want  of  subsistence,  to  march  back  to 
Mallow,  and  disperse  his  troops  in  garrisons. 

Although  this  battle  was  fought  for  the  parliament 
and  against  the  confederates,  who  were  friendly  to  the 
king,  Lord  Cork  has  the  face  to  write  to  the  king's 
sincere  and  tried  friend,  the  Marquis  of  Ormond, 
lieutenant-General  of  the  kingdom,  requesting  that 
Kinalmeaky's  commission — for  the  command  of  a  troop 
of  horse — may  be  transferred  to  his  brother,  Dungar- 
van ;  and  that  Dungarvan's  company  of  foot  may  be 
given  to  the  younger  brother,  Francis.  He  also  re- 
commends to  his  lordship's  favour  the  young  lord 


70  mSTORT  OF   CORK. 

Barrymore,  his  grandson,  whose  father  has  left  ^^  a  dis- 
tressed widow  and  four  children,  with  an  encumbered 
and  disjointed  estate,  and  with  his  country  wasted." 
Lord  Barrymore  died  on  Michaehnas  day.    The  old 
earl  never  lost  anything  for  the  asking,  and  recom- 
mended his  sons  to  adopt  the  same  practice.    liOiA 
Dungarvan,  accompanied  by  his  brother,  Broghill,  had 
gone  to  England  to  solicit,  on  the  sly,  the  office  of 
Lord  President,  then  held  by  Lord  Inchiquin.    The 
earl,  writing  to  Dimgarvan,  tells  him  to  leave  no 
Mend  unsolicited,  or  fair  means  unattempted,  to  effect 
his  object,  "  for,"  he  adds,  "  if  you  return  without  it^ 
you  will  meet  with  thorns  entering  your  sides,  and  be 
subject  to  such  affi*onts  as  your  spirit  will  not  digest." 
That  is  from  Lichiquin.     He  concludes,  ^^It  is  more 
than  high  time  to  look  about  you,  and  prevent  the 
malignant  humours  which  are  stirred  up  to  your  pre- 
judice."   It  was  the  earl's  policy,  as  is  clear  from  his 
applications  to  both  the  royalist  and  parliamentary 
parties,  to  run  with  the  hare  and  hold  with  the  hounds. 
But  the  old  man  was  not  in  at  the  death,  or  restofa- 
tion.    His  tactics  on  these  two  occasions  would  have 
made  a  curious  chapter  in  Irish  history.    He  died  in 
Youghal  in  1643.    Borlase  says,  '^  he  was  a  persoii| 
for  his  abilities  and  knowledge  in  affairs  of  the  world| 
eminently  observable,  inasmuch  as  though  he  was  no 
peer  of  England,  yet  he  was  admitted  to  sit  in  tiie 
House  of  Lords  upon  the  woolsack,  ut  conaiUariuM.^ 
This  is  all  true,  but  we  doubt  if  any  wise  or  good  man 
would  envy  him  his  prosperity.    We  need  scaroely 
repeat  Cromwell's  compliment,  that  ^^if  there  had 
been  an  Earl  of  Cork  in  every  county,  the  Irish  oonld 


LOBD   cork's  CHAEACTEB.  71 

neyer  have  rebelled/*  Quite  correct,  for  there  would 
have  been  no  Irish  to  rebel.  He  and  his  sons  neyer 
gare  quarter*  They  never  knew  the  meaning  of  fhe 
word.  They  were  as  cunning  as  Cromwell,  and  as 
cruel  as  Carew. 

When  we  say  that  the  Earl  of  Cork  was  a  good 
husband  and  a  kind  fether,  who  provided  ample  for- 
tunes for  his  children,  it  is  all  we  can  say*  Writing 
to  his  son,  Dungarvan,  whom  he  sent  to  England,  re« 
specting  his  wife's  tomb,  he  says,  ^^  And  indeed,  Dick, 
in  my  best  understanding,  I  must  needs  tell  you,  you 
have  the  best  &ther  in  the  world,  that  taketh  this  care, 
and  maketh  such  provision  for  you,  as  I  have  done ; 
and,  therefore,  let  me  advise  you  not  to  slight  or  neglect 
me,  as,  since  your  coming  into  England,  you  have 
hitiierto  done."  Four  of  his  sons  were  ennobled  in 
tiieir  father's  lifetime,  and  seven  of  his  eight  daughters 
married  to  noblemen,  or  to  the  scms  and  heirs  apparent 
of  noblemen.  Lady  Alice  to  the  Earl  of  Barrymore, 
Lady  Sarah  to  Lord  Digby,  Lady  Lettice  to  Colonel 
<3eorge  Goring,  son  and  heir  to  Lord  Goring ;  Lady 
Catherine  to  Arthur  Jones,  son  and  heir  to  Lord  Bane- 
lagh;  Lady  Dorothy  to  Sir  Arthur  Loftus,  son  and 
heir  to  Sir  Adam  Loftus,  Lord  Treasurer ;  Lady  Mary* 
to  Charles  Rich,  afterwards  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  Lady 
Joan  to  George  Fitzgerald,  Earl  of  Kildare.  The 
fetlier's  manoeuvring  in  bringing  about  the  match 
with  his  daughter,  Joan,  and  the  young  Earl  of  £ildare, 

*  The  earl  had  an  untitled  son,  more  distinguished  than  any  other  member  of 

\m  funilj,  Bobert  Boyle,  the  philosopher,  who  was  styled  "  the  father  of  che- 

vflMtrj."    Lady  Mary,  who  was  married  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  aimears  to  have 

.^epn  a  person  of  great  wisdom  and  worth.    The  Bey.  Antiiony  Walier  styles  her 

-^ftf  TtriuoM  icoman  found.**  She  was  in  the  habit  of  calling  prayer  "  hearU^Mte." 

bif^rapher  says  "  she  was  the  most  illottrious  pattern  of  sincere  piety  and 

'  goo^ieaa  the  age  had  produced." 


t 


72  HISTOHY   OF   CX)RK. 

will  convey,  perhaps,  the  most  correct  impression  of 
his  character  we  have  got  yet.  Eildare,  being  a  minor, 
and  a  mere  boy,  the  Earl  of  Cork  managed  to  get  him- 
self appointed  his  guardian  and  the  receiver  on  his 
estates,  by  bribing  the  grandmother,  the  Duchess  of 
Lennox,  with  six  thousand  six  hundred  crowns.  He 
then  got  the  boy  to  sign  the  deeds  for  his  daughter 
Joan's  jointure,  although  he  was  not  of  age.  Writing 
to  another  son-in-law,  Goring,  whom  he  employed  on 
this  ugly  business,  he  says,  ^^  It  must  be  done  without 
the  duchess'  knowledge."  Writing  to  young  Kildare, 
he  tells  him  his  property  has  much  need  of  such  a 
steward  as  he  intends  to  be,  and  adds,  ^'  Although  I 
know  that  anything  you  shall  do  herein,  during  your 
minority,  will  not  be  binding  unto  you,  yet,  I  repose 
so  much  in  your  honour  and  integrity,  and  do  presume 
myself  and  daughter  shall  deserve  so  well  of  you,  as^ 
when  you  come  of  years,  you  will  make  good  what  you 
do  in  your  nonage ;  and  so,  with  all  the  prayers  and 
best  wishes  for  your  health  and  safety,  all  this  fEOoily, 
with  myself,  desire  to  be  remembered,  most  affection- 
ately, imto  you,  and  so  take  a  hasty  leave  from  Dublin, 
the  20th  of  March,  1629.  Your  lordship's  friend  and 
servant,  that  loves  and  honors  you, 

"  R.  COBK." 

The  battle  of  Liscarrol  was  fcdly  avenged  the  next 
year.  Sir  Charles  Vavasor,  who  became  governor  of 
Bandon,  went  into  Condon's  coimtry,  to  besiege  the 
castle  of  Cloghlea.  The  castles  of  Cloghlea  and  Coole 
had  been  wrested  from  the  English  during  the  previous 
year,  by  Eichard  Condon.  Smith  says  that  quarter 
and  safe  convey  had  been  promised  to  the  garrisQD| 


CASTLEHAVEN   SUJEUPEISES  COLONEL   VAVA80B.         73 

.which  consisted  of  thirty-six  of  Lord  Barrymore's 
troopers,  who  were  all  slain,  with  the  exception  of  one, 
who  escaped  with  thirty-six  wounds.  Sir  Charles 
Vayasor's  troops  retook  Cloghlea,  in  which  they  found 
twenty  men,  eleven  women,  and  seven  children,  who 
were  first  stripped,  and  then  butchered.  This  was 
even  worse  than  the  slaughter  of  Barrymore's  dragoons. 
Major  Howell  interfered  with  Colonel  Vavasor  to  save 
their  lives,  who  committed  them  to  the  care  of  Captain 
Wind,  who  left  them  to  a  guard,  that  "fell  upon 
them  with  carbines,  pistols,  and  swords."  Sir  Charles 
vowed  vengeance  on  the  captain  of  the  guard,  but 
vengeance  on  himself,  and  the  whole  host,  from 
another  quarter,  was  at  hand. 

It  was  Sunday,  the  4th  of  Jime,  when  Mr  Hill,  with 
a  troop  of  horse,  were  sent  to  scout  or  pillage  near 
Glooheen.  The  morning  was  dark  and  cloudy.  When 
the  sun  dispelled  the  mist,  they  found  themselves 
almost  surrounded  by  the  Irish  horse.  The  English 
broke  through,  and  passed  the  river  Funcheon,  and 
gained  the  top  of  the  hill,  with  the  enemy  at  their 
heels.  From  this  hill  to  Fermoy,  there  is  a  narrow 
defile,  through  which  they  pressed  upon  their  main 
body,  that  lay  on  the  banks  of  the  Blackwater,  imder 
command  of  Colonel  Yavasor.  There  was  no  escape. 
The  Earl  of  Castlehaven,  who  commanded  the  Irish, 
gained  a  complete  victory.  The  English  lost  their 
colors  and  artillery,  and  had  five  or  six  hundred  slain, 
and  a  large  number  made  prisoners,  among  which  was 
their  commander.  Sir  Charles  Vavasor ;  for  Castlehaven 
had  not  adopted  the  bloody  and  inhuman  practice  of 
refusing  quarter.    The  Irish  commander  describes  the 


74  HISIOBT  OF  CORE. 

afiBair  in  his  ufiual  modest  way.  ^^  I  lost  no  time  in  the 
charge,  and  quickly  defeated  his  horse,  who,  to  saye 
themselves,  broke  in  on  the  foot,  and  put  them  into 
disorder.  Their  cannons  were  useless,  being  past  the 
Blackwater.  This  (with  God's  blessing),  and  a  great 
shower  of  rain,  gave  me  the  victory,  with  little  or  no 
loss.  Sir  Charles,  that  commanded,  with  several  other 
officers,  remained  prisoners,  their  cannon  and  baggage 
taken,  and  all  their  foot  defeated,  bnt  their  horse,  for 
the  most  part  escaped.  This  happened  on  a  Sunday, 
the  4th  of  June,  1648.'^ 

Lord  Castlehaven,  who  commanded  the  Irish  oon- 
federate  army  on  this  occasion,  was  a  Catholic,  bat  a 
sincere  royalist,  and  as  distinguished  for  his  humanity 
as  for  his  noble  birth.*  He  had  served  on  the  conti- 
nent. He  joined  the  royal  army  in  Berwick-on-Tweed. 
He  was  forced,  by  adverse  circumstances,  into  the  Iriflih 
civil  war.  An  act  of  hospitality  bestowed  on  the 
Marquis  of  Ormond,  the  fast  friend  of  Charles,  caused 
him  to  be  arrested,  his  house  at  Maddenstown  to  be 
fired,  and  some  of  his  servants  slain.  But  a  previoos 
act  of  hospitality  and  kindness — ^wherein  he  performed 
the  part  of  the  good  Samaritan  towards  an  Irish 
trooper,  whom  he  found  wounded,  and  whom  he  had 
lodged  in  his  own  house  till  restored  to  health — was 
the  cause  of  his  liberation.  Though  the  trooper  was 
of  a  di£Eerent  fisiith  and  opposite  politics,  he  was  grate- 
ful. Ledwick — ^for  this  was  his  name — visited  Castle- 
haven in  prison,  in  Dublin,  arranged  his  escape,  and 

•  NoMe  birth.-^9meB  Tonchet,  Earl  of  Oaitlehayen,  and  Baron  Orier  in  Ir»- 
land,  and  Baron  Andleyof  Htleigh,  in  Staffordshire,  in  England.  His  anMitar 
came  to  England  with  William  Sie  Conqueror,  and  fouffht  at  Hastingi.  Hemry 
Tonchet,  the  lord  of  Aldetfaeleigh,  or  Aadlej,  was  Lord  Jutice  of  Ireland  in  1869, 


castlbhaven's  humanity.  75 

provided  the  horsee.  It  was  Castlehaven's  intention 
to  hare  gone  to  France,  bnt  being  disappointed  in  the 
vessel,  he  set  off  for  Kilkenny,  and  joined  the  con- 
federate Catholics,  by  whom  he  was  made  a  general  of 
horae.  Speaking  of  his  escape — ^for  he  was  pursued — 
he  says,  '^  They  killed  many  of  my  servants,  and  burned 
my  house.  This  I  saw  as  I  passed  by  in  the  disguise 
of  a  servant  to  the  trooper — and  had  notice  by  the  way 
Aat  OasHehaivm  was  seiged  by  the  English.^^ 

'*  I  had,'*  he  continues,  ^^  the  good  fortune  to  begin 
my  command  with  an  act  of  charity;  for  going  to  see 
Hie  gamson  of  Birr,  before  it  marched  out,  I  came  into 
a  great  room,  where  I  found  many  people  of  quality, 
both  men  and  women.  They  no  sooner  saw  me,  than, 
with  tears  in  their  eyes,  they  fell  on  their  knees, 
deairing  me  to  save  their  lives.  I  was  astonished  at 
their  posture  and  petition,  and  having  made  them  rise, 
asked  what  Ihe  matter  was?  They  answered  that 
from  the  first  day  of  the  war,  there  had  been  continual 
ttction  and  bloodshed  between  them  and  their  Irish 
neighbours,  and  therefore  (understanding  that  I  was 
an  Englishman)  begged  I  would  take  them  into  my 
protection.  I  knew  there  was  too  much  reason  for 
Uieir  fears,  considering  they  were  to  march  two  or 
three  days  through  the  woods  of  Iregan,  and  waste 
ooimtries,  before  they  came  to  Athy,  their  next  friendly 
garrison.  I  went,  therefore,  to  the  general  imme- 
diately, and  got  to  be  commander  of  their  convoy; 
and,  to  make  sure,  I  called  out  800  foot,  and  200  horse, 
in  whom  I  had  most  confidence,  and  carried  off  the 
i^  (Mple,  who  were,  at  least,  800  men,  women,  and  chil- 
dren, and  though  sometimes  attacked,  I  delivered  them 


76  HI8T0RT  OP  CORK. 

with  their  baggage  safe  to  their  friends."  God's  bless^ 
ing  on  you^  and  the  blessing  of  the  good  Protestants 
of  Birr  on  you,  my  Lord  Castlehaven  I —  Vide  "  Coitle^ 
haven^s  WarSy^^  pp.  49-50. 

Three  months  after  this  defeat,  of  what  we  must 
style  the  parliamentary  troops,  the  royalists,  under  the 
command  of  the  Marquis  of  Ormond,  made  advances  to 
the  Irish,  under  the  direction  of  the  Confederate  Council. 
These  advances  would  have  been  made  before,  had  the 
king  been  at  liberty  to  do  so.  Castlehaven  had 
returned  to  his  brother-in-law's  house,  at  Eilcash,  to 
rest  himself,  when  a  trumpeter  brought  a  letter  from 
the  Marquis  of  Ormond,  who  had  been  appointed  by 
the  king  to  hear  Catholic  grievances,  and  treat  for 
accommodation.  The  Irish  Council  is  called  to  acknow- 
ledge the  king's  gracious  favor. 

"After  this,"  says  Lord  Castlehaven,  "a  treaty 
went  on  for  a  peace,  and  in  a  short  time  all  was  agreed, 
except  a  cessation  for  churches,*  and  the  splendid 
exercise  of  religion,  as  in  France  and  Spain*  This 
was  much  insisted  on  by  the  confederate  commissioners^ 
and  as  resolutely  refosed  by  the  Lord  of  Ormond,  who 
alleged  that  the  king,  by  agreeing  to  such  an  article^ 
might  endanger  the  loss  of  his  whole  party  in  England.'* 
"  It  was  certainly,"  continues  the  earl,  "  a  great  foUyi 
and  a  prodigious  instance  of  blind  zeal  in  the  Irish 
clergy,  to  stand  out  thus  with  the  king,  after  such 
repeated  profession  of  loyalty,  and  so  many  battles  lost 
by  their  generals." 

The  Irish  may  have  felt  they  were  demanding  no 

*  Outatumfor  churehtB. — ^We  are  not  rare  of  his  lordship's  meaning  hera,  Imt 
conclude  he  refers  to  the  deliyering  np  of  the  old  Oatholio  chnrGhea^  which  weK 
in  the  poaseflsion  of  Protestants. 


LOBD  INCHiaUIN   CHANGES   SIDES.  77 

more  than  their  just  rights,  but  they  were  demanding 
them  at  a  time  when  the  principle  of  religious  liberty- 
was  understood  and  practised  by  no  party,  and  from  a 
king,  who  was  in  the  hands  of  a  parliament,  most 
violently  opposed  to  the  Catholic  faith.  A  tempo- 
rary peace  for  twelve  months  was  patched  up  between 
the  royalists  and  confederates. 

Lord  Inchiquin,  who  was  never  a  sincere  parlia- 
mentary general,  united  with  the  Irish  and  royalist 
party,  and  carried  over  a  large  portion  of  his  forces  to 
England,  and  placed  them  beneath  the  royal  standard. 
It  was  his  desire  to  be  confirmed  in  the  presidency  of 
Munster,  but  the  king  had  just  bestowed  the  office 
upon  the  Earl  of  Portland,  so  Inchiquin  returned  to 
Ireland  a  more  violent  parliamentary  man  than  before. 

This  change  of  purpose  brought  about  a  more  cordial 
union  between  Inchiquin  and  Broghill  than  had  pre- 
vioudy  existed.  Lord  Cork,  in  writing  to  Dungarvan, 
who  was  seeking  the  office  of  president — to  which  we 
have  referred  on  a  previous  occasion  —  says,  "The 
Lord  Inchiquin  is  much  scandalised  at  you  and  your 
brother  Broghill,  alleging  that  you  have  done  him 
great  wrong,  in  that  before  you  departed  from  this, 
you  wrote  letters,  which  were  read  openly  in  parlia- 
ment, wherein  you  slighted  his  merit  in  the  battle  of 
Liscarrol,  and  attributed  the  chief  honor  of  the  day's 
service  to  Sir  Charles  Vavasor."  But  these  slights 
were  now  forgotten,  and  both  united  their  forces 
against  the  Irish.  It  was  at  this  time  they  adopted 
the  daring  and  decided  measure  of  turning  the  Irish 
rout  of  Cork,  Toughal,  and  Kinsale.  To  justify  such 
a  violent  measure,  there  must,  of  course,  be  a  plot, 


78  mSTORY  OP  COMC. 

either  real  or  manii£Eictured ;  we^  therefore,  learn  from 
a  traot|  published  in  London  in  1644,  bearing  the 
name  of  Jane  Coe,  and  entitled,  ^^  A  phi  discovered  m 
Ireland^  and  prevented  without  the  shedding  of  hhod^^^ 
that  there  was  a  plot.  We  give  the  following  as  a 
specimen  of  violent  accusation  without  the  shadow  of 
a  proof :— • 

^^  I  know  you  hare  heard  how  my  lord  of  Inohiqoin 
hath  put  the  Irish  out  of  Cork  in  July  last,  and  not 
without  much  cause,  for  there  was  a  most  horrid,  dam- 
nable, and  bloody  plot  of  conspiracy  inyented  and 
practised  by  the  popish  priests  and  blood-thirsty 
Jesuits,  and  the  same  of  a  sudden  to  be  put  in  exeou* 
tion  by  the  townsmen  of  Cork,  that  were  confederates 
with  Uiat  bloody  and  arch-rebel  the  lord  of  Muskerry, 
who  had  prepared  an  army  in  his  country  near  Cork, 
to  be  in  readiness  at  an  hour's  warning,  after  he  had 
intelligence  from  the  popish  priests  and  others  of  that 
faction,  to  approach  towards  Cork  with  his  army  of 
rebels,  who  should  have  been  let  into  the  town  in  the 
night ;  and  for  that  purpose  they  had  agreed  among 
themselves  to  have  such  townsmen  that  night  to  be  in 
the  watch,  and  in  the  court  of  guard,  as  should  be  in 
readiness  to  seize  upon  the  magazine,  arms,  ordnaoM^ 
powder  and  shot,  at  an  instant  when  the  word  should 
have  been  given,  and  the  rest  of  their  oonfederatea  to 
be  likewise  ready  to  let  in  the  rebels  at  the  gate ;  and 
so  in  the  dead  time  of  the  night  to  enter  into  eveij 
Englishman's  house,  with  swords,  skenes,  and  pistols^ 
with  full  resolution  to  massacre,  murder,  and  kill  man, 
woman,  and  child ;  for  which  horrible  murders  their 
holy  fathers  the  priests  had  given  to  each  one  that 


THE  PRETBNDKD  PLOT  IN  COBE.         79 

undertake  this  bloody  design^  a  free  pardon  and  dis- 
pensation. 

'^  It  pleased  God,  in  the  interim,  that  this  execrable 
plot  of  treason  was  discorered,  and  the  priests  that 
were  the  ohief  contrivers  of  this  most  damnable  plot 
were  taken,  and  at  the  time  of  their  execution,  con- 
fessed their  mischievous  intentions,  which  extended  to 
the  utter  extirpation  of  all  the  English  protestants  in 
ICxmster,  if  God  had  not,  in  his  infinite  goodness  and 
mercy,  prevented  it 

^'  For  the  rest  of  the  townsmen  that  had  engaged 
themselves  in  this  inhuman  conspiracy,  they  were  so 
many  in  number,  and  being  at  least  six  to  one  of  our 
Englidi,  they  could  not  so  well  be  taken,  or  appre- 
hended, without  great  danger  and  much  effusion  of 
blood  on  both  sides.  But  the  governor  of  Cork,  and 
the  rest  of  the  chief  commanders,  for  the  better  pre- 
vention of  so  great  a  danger,  devised  a  remarkable 
counter-plot  (for  the  taking  and  apprehendiag  the 
town's  conspirators  rather  by  policy  than  by  violence), 
and  for  that  purpose  caused  Captain  Muschamp, 
governor  of  the  Great-fort  without  the  South-gate*  of 
Cork,  to  fain  and  counterfeit  himself  to  be  in  drink, 
and  so,  as  it  were  in  a  merry  humour,  invite  himself 
to  Master  Major  [Mayor]  his  house  to  dinner;  and 
accordingly  he  dined  there,  and  after  the  Irish  fashion, 
was  kindly  entertained,  and  divers  cups  passed  round 
of  sack,  claret,  and  usquebaugh,  in  friendly  manner,  to 
welcome  him,  and  make  him  the  more  merrily  disposed. 

•  The  Oreat-firi,  without  the  South-gate^  was  Fort  Elizabeth,  in  Barrack 
Street.    It  was  larger  than  Catt-fort,  which  was  higher  up.    It  was  rebuilt  after 
tibe  rebellion  of  1603,  **  to  curb  the  insolence  of  the  citizens."    The  South-gate 
I     alood  at  the  end  of  the  South  Main  Street,  by  the  South  bridge. 


80  HISTORY  OP  CORK. 

^^  And  sitting  at  dinner,  they  discoursed  of  divers 
matters,  concerning  the  present  distractions  of  these 
times,  and  divers  propositions  were  made,  and  every 
one  gave  their  opinions,  according  to  their  own  appre- 
hensions ;  and  amongst  other  discourses.  Captain 
Muschamp,  seeming  to  be  in  a  merry  humour,  did 
speak  these,  or  such  like  words  : 

"  *  Well,  Master  Major,  if  that  it  should  please  Qod 
that  the  parliament  ships  were  in  the  harbour  of  Cork, 
if  you  and  the  rest  would  not  take  the  covenant  to  be 
true  to  the  king  and  parliament;  I  protest  I  would, 
with  the  great  ordnance  in  the  fort,  beat  down  all  the 
houses  in  Cork  about  your  ears.^ 

^^  With  that  the  major  and  the  rest  of  the  company 
rose  up  in  a  great  fury,  and  said  that  he  had  spoken 
treason,  and  he  should  answer  it,  and  so  they  brought 
him  before  the  governor,  and  repeated  the  words  he 
had  spoken,  desiring  that  he  might  be  proceeded 
against  according  to  law,  in  such  cases  provided. 
Whereupon  the  governor  gave  many  thanks  to  Master 
Major,  in  showing  himself  so  good  a  subject  in  dis^ 
covering  such  a  treason  as  that  was,  saying  it  was 
time  to  look  about  us  when  we  shall  have  the  chief 
officers  that  are  put  in  trust  with  matters  of  such  oon- 
cernment  as  he  was,  being  governor  of  the  king's  fort, 
should  speak  such  treasonable  words.  '  And  therefore. 
Master  Major,  you  shall  have  my  best  assistance,  and 
such  punishment  shall  be  inflicted  upon  him  as  mar- 
tial  law  wiU  permit,' 

^^  So  the  major,  for  the  present,  departed,  and  a  mar- 
tial court  was  called,  and  the  council  of  war  met  and 
sat  upon  his  trial ;  the  business  examined,  the  wit^ 


THE  CATHOLICS  TUENED  OUT  OP  COEK.  81 

nesses  produoed,  the  words  were  proved  against  him, 
and  being  found  guilty,  was  condemned  by  the  council 
of  war  for  treason,  had  his  sentence  given  to  be  hanged 
next  day.  And  at  the  time  appointed,  the  sheriffs  and 
the  greatest  part  of  the  city  came  to  see  the  execution, 
and  the  prisoner  was  brought  out  of  the  city  well 
guarded,  with  a  considerable  company  of  musqueteers; 
and  when  they  perceived  that  the  chiefest  and  most 
dangerous  men  of  the  city  were  come  out  of  the  gates, 
fhe  word  was  given,  and  the  prisoner.  Captain  Mus- 
champ,  being  set  at  liberty,  did  command  his  officers 
to  lay  hold  on  all  the  chiefest  of  the  citizens,  and  carry 
them  prisoners  to  the  fort,  whereof  he  was  captain 
and  governor;  and  as  soon  as  they  were  taken,  the 
chiefest  aldermen  and  others  in  the  city  were  taken, 
and  kept  prisoners  as  hostages,  to  secure  the  English 
as  well  within  as  without  the  gates,  which  were  at  that 
instant  shut  up,  and  the  drawbridge  taken  up,  so  that 
none  could  come  in  or  go  out,  till  all  matters  were 
pacified. 

"  And,  in  the  meantime,  there  was  a  proclamation 
made,  that  if  the  Irish  resisted  the  English,  the  soldiers 
should  shoot  them,  and  if  any  English  were  killed  in 
that  broil,  the  chiefest  of  their  city  should  be  hanged 
over  their  walls ;  which  proclamation  did  so  terrify  the 
Irish,  that  they  were  all  glad  to  be  quiet,  and  so  there 
was  no  great  hurt  done,  which  was  much  to  be  ad- 
mired, that  a  matter  of  so  dangerous  a  consequence 
should  be  effected  without  any  further  trouble,  and  the 
projectors  thereof  highly  to  be  commended  in  devising 
Buch  a  stratagem  of  mercy,  in  time  of  such  troubles  and 
[    rebellion,  to  prevent  the  shedding  of  guiltless  blood." 

TOL.  n.  6 


82  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

This  affair,  described  by  Jane  Coe,  was  no  doubt 
very  clever,  but  very  disgraceful,  especially  to  men 
in  authority.  This  anti-popish  plot,  was  worthy  of 
^  pot-house.  The  governor  of  an  important  fort  feigns 
drunkenness,  staggers,  uninvited,  to  the  mayor's 
house,  broaches  treason,  is  arrested,  has  a  sham  trial 
— ^his  judges  being  in  the  plot — and  is  condemned  to 
be  executed.  The  principal  inhabitants  go  out  to  see 
him  hanged,  and,  at  a  given  signal,  are  seized  and 
turned  out  of  the  city,  to  wander  as  vagabonds  up  and 
down  the  country.  Many  of  the  Irish  "  rogues  and 
rapparees  "  were  of  this  class.  The  real  rogues  and 
rapparees  were  men  like  Inchiquin  and  Muschamp, 
who  made  them  such. 

Inchiquin  was  confirmed  in  the  office  of  president, 
by  the  English  parliament,  for  his  conduct  in  this 
affair.  Smith  says,  and  he  refers  to  the  city  oouncil 
books,  '^  The  civil  authority  ceased  in  Cork  on  the 
26th  of  July,  1644,  and  was  not  renewed  tUl  the 
year  1656,  when  Sir  William  Fenton,  Maurice  Eoche, 
Christopher  Oliver,  John  Morley,  and  John  Hodder, 
who  were  ancient  freemen,  elected  the  said  John 
Hodder  to  be  mayor."  But,  notwithstanding,  in  Dr. 
Smith's  list  of  mayors,  we  find  the  name  of  James 
Lombard,  for  1645.  Por  ten  years  after,  there  was  no 
civil  magistrate  in  Cork ;  that  is  for  the  ten  years  of 
Cromwell's  usurpation. 

A  Frenchman*  who  had  befriended  one  Thomas 
Newell — ^whom  he  styles  Tam  Neuel—  and  whom  he 

*  A  jy^n^Afmrn.— M.  De  la  Boalkye  le  Goaz.  He  published  his  work  in 
Paris,  in  1653.  The  book  was  translated  by  Mr.  Crofton  Croker,  in  the  year 
1837. 


TAK  NEUSL  AND  THE  FBENCHHAN.        83 

accompanied  to  Cork  in  the  year  of  the  barring  out, 
1644,  tells  the  following  interesting  anecdote  :  — 
"  Haying  arrived  at  Cork,  Tarn  Neuel,  of  whom  I 
have  before  spoken,  led  me  to  his  father's  house.  He 
knocked  at  the  door,  when  a  well-looking  man  appeared' 
and  demanded  what  we  wanted.  Tam  Keuel  desired 
to  know  whether  John  Neuel  was  at  home.  The  man 
replied  that  he  knew  no  such  person.  Neuel  insisting 
that  the  house  belonged  to  the  person  for  whom  he 
had  asked,  was  told,  that  it  belonged  to  an  English 
captain,  who  had  it  on  the  seclusion  of  the  Catholics 
from  the  town.  He  was  surprised  to  find  eyents  so 
deplorable  had  occurred  to  his  family.  I  sympathised 
with  him,  and  obseryed,  ^  Since  things  were  thus,  we 
must  seek  a  lodging,  as  the  night  was  coming  on.' 
*  O,  Mister  Frenchman,'  he  said,  *  you  cannot,  with- 
out injustice,  refuse  to  repair  to  the  house,  if  not  of  my 
father,  at  least  of  some  other  relation.  I  haye  uncles 
in  the  town  where  we  shall  be  welcome.' 

"  "We  found  out  one  of  them,  and  by  hiin  were  re- 
ceiyed  with  all  imaginable  kindness,  and  Neuel 
learned  that  his  father  had  lost,  in  the  religious  wars, 
more  than  £10,000  sterling,  and  had  been  obliged  to 
fly  to  the  country,  to  ayoid  the  tyranny  of  the  English 
protestants.  I  remained  eight  days  in  this  house,  in 
the  midst  of  continual  festivity,  and  on  taking  leave, 
to  pursue  my  travels,  they  thanked  me  for  the  assist- 
ance I  rendered  to  Tam  Neuel,  and  in  spite  of  all  I 
could  do,  repaid  me  the  money  I  had  furnished  for  his 
expenses  from  Limerick." 

The  Earl  of  Castlehayen  re-entered  this  county  in 
the  beginning  of  1645,  at  the  head  of  5,000  foot  and 


84  HISTORY  OP   CORK. 

1,000  horse,  and  took  Liscarrol,  Mallow,  Doneraile,. 
Mitchelstown,  and  some  other  plaoes.  It  was  on  this 
occasion  that  he  captured  Colonel  Henry  O'Brien, 
brother  to  the  Lord  Inchiquin,  at  Bostellan.  Inohi« 
qnin  remained  for  the  most  part  on  the  defensiye.  The 
civil,  or  rather  military,  history  of  this  and  the  suc- 
•ceeding  year,  (1645  and  1646)  consisted  of  little  more 
than  the  taking  and  retaking  of  castles  and  small 
towns. 

"Now,  by  way  of  digression,"  says  Lord  Castle- 
haven,  ^^I  must  tell  you  that  about  this  time  (Mid- 
summer 1646)  there  arrived  in  the  west  of  Ireland, 
Einuccini,  archbishop  and  prince  of  Fermo,  in  quality 
of  nuncio,  sent  by  Pope  Innocent  the  Tenth  to  the 
Confederate  Catholics,  and  coming  near  the  coast  was 
chased  by  a  parliameat  frigate,  commanded  by  one 
Flunkett ;  but  as  he  was  ready  to  board  him,  he  saw 
his  kitchen-chimney  on  fire  ;  which  to  quench  he  was 
forced  to  lie  by,  and  so  gave  the  nuncio  an  opportu- 
nity of  gaining  the  shore,  to  the  great  misfortune  of 
the  Confederate  Catholics,  and  many  other  good  and 
valuable  interests." 

Smith  says,  "  His  coming  did  little  prejudice  to  the 
English  interest,  for  he  revived  the  distinction  between 
the  Irish  natives  and  the  old  English  Catholics,  which 
split  their  party  into  different  factions." 

The  only  hope  of  the  Catholic  at  this  time  was  a 
cordial  union  with  the  royalist,  but  such  a  union  wa8 
violently  opposed  by  the  nuncio.  "  All  this  while,^^ 
says  Castlehaven,  "  a  treaty  of  peace  with  my  lord  of 
Ormond  went  on,  though  much  opposed  by  the  nundo 
and  the  national  congregation  of  the  clergy  at  Water* 


J 


THE  BTUNCIO.      BATTLE   OF  EN0CENIN0S8.  86 

ford/'  Again,  **  The  nuncio  and  this  congrega- 
tion went  so  far  as  to  declare  that  the  confederate 
commissioners,"  who  were  in  treaty  with  Ormond  for  a 
peace,  "were  perjured  and  foresworn,  threatening  them^ 
with  thunders  of  excommunication  in  case  of  persist- 
ing." But  the  treaty  of  peace  went  on,  and  was  signed 
in  Kilkenny,  called  ^^  The  Peace  of  Forty-wo^'^  but  it 
had  no  effect,  on  account  of  the  nuncio's  determineds 
opposition,  who  went  to  war  without  his  best  friends, 
and  was  beaten,  and  when  it  was  too  late  and  Cromwell' 
was  in  the  field,  consented  to  unite  with  the  Irish^ 
royalists. 

The  nuncio  "  had  an  ill  reception  "  on  his  return  to 
Bome  in  1648.  **Tou  have  acted  rashly," — temerarU 
U gesmti — said  the  pope,  of  which  reproof  "and  the 
loss  of  Fermo,  he  soon  after  died."  The  Marquis  of 
Ormond  was  obliged,  in  self-defence,  to  make  terms 
with  the  English  parliament,  and  afterwards  to  leave 
the  country  for  France. 

The  most  important  battle  fought  in  this  county, 
during  the  civil  war,  was  that  of  Knockninoss,*  north- 
west of  Mallow.  The  parliamentary  troops,  under 
Lord  Inchiquin,  consisted  of  4,000  foot  and  1,200 
horse ;  the  Irish  army,  under  Lord  Taaffe,"f  of  about 
7,000  foot  and  1,000  horse.  The  famous  Sir  Alex- 
ander Mac  Donnell,   or  Mac  Allisdrum,J   with  his 

•  Knoekmoas. — Cnoc-na-n-os,  "  Hill  of  the  Fawns,"  in  the  parish  of  Suhnlter, 
to  the  north  of  Castlo^Magner,  in  this  county. 

t  Lord  Taaffef  Theohald,  son  of  Sir  John  Taaffe,  who  was  advanced  to  the 
feextige  of  Ireland  in  1628.  Theohald  was  created  Earl  of  Carlin^ford  after  the 
Sestoration  in  1662,  and  got  a  grant  of  £4,000  a  year.  His  son  Nicholas,  second 
etrl,  fell  at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  fighting  for  Kin^  James.  He  was  succeeded 
\j  his  brother,  the  celebrated  Count  Taaffe,  of  Austria. 

X  Mac  AUudrum, — Doctor  O'Donovan  says,  Sir  Alexander  McDonnell  was 
fadghted  by  the  Duke  of  Montrose ;  that  he  ieas  Colla-Kittagh,  and  not  the  son  of 


L 


86  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

Highlanders,  fought  under  the  Irish  standard.  Inchi- 
quin  gained  a  signal  victory.  Four  thousand  of  the 
Irish  were  slain.  Mac  AUisdrum  and  most  of  his  men 
were  put  to  the  sword  in  cold  blood.  The  English 
lost  Sir  William  Bridges,  Colonel  Grey,  Major  Brown, 
and  Sir  Bobert  Trayers.  This  battle  was  fought  on 
the  13th  of  November,  1647. 

When  the  parliament  heard  of  the  victory,  they 
voted  £10,000  for  the  service  of  Munster,  and  £1,000 
as  a  present  to  Lord  Inchiquin. 

Inchiquin,  who  was  either  offended  at  the  smallness 
of  the  present,  or  possessed  with  the  love  or  demon  of 
change,  resolved  a  second  time  to  unite  with  the  roy- 
alists, and  made  advances  to  Lord  Taaffe,  whom  he 
had  just  beaten,  to  unite  their  forces ;  and  to  the  Mar- 
quis of  Ormond,  who  had  fled  to  France,  to  return  in 
all  haste  to  Ireland.  Declaring  openly  for  the  king, 
he  was  voted  a  rebel  and  a  traitor  by  the  parliament ; 
his  loyalty  was  therefore  above  or  beyond  suspicion. 

The  marquis  arrived  in  Cork  the  29th  of  September, 
1648.  Inchiquin  received  him  with  every  mark  of 
respect,  and  took  the  post  of  lieutenant-general  of  his 
army.  The  Earl  of  Castlehaven  became  general  of  the 
horse,  and  Lord  Taaffe  master  of  the  ordnance.  The 
army  consisted  of  8,000  foot  and  2,000  horse. 

The  marquis  published  a  declaration  in  Cork,  stating 
it  was  his  purpose  to  maintain  the  Protestant  religion, 
the  king's  honor  or  prerogative,  the  rights  of  parlia- 
ment, and  the  liberty  of  the  subject.  A  copy  of  this 
declaration  fell  into  the  hands  of  Colonel  Jones,  the 

*\  the  real  Colkitto/'  of  Antrim,  as  Professor  Curry  asserts.  Tradition  has  depo* 
sited  the  sword  of  this  famous  warrior  at  Lohort  Castle,  belonging  to  the  Earl  of 
^mont. 


DCAXH  OF  CHABLES  I.      PHINCE  RUPERT  AT  KINSALE.      87 

friend  of  Cromwell,  who  sent  it  to  the  committee  at 
Derby  House.  It  was  next  read  in  parliament,  and 
then  forwarded  to  the  king — who  was  a  prisoner  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight — to  own  or  disavow  it.  Charles 
Wrote  to  Ormond  not  to  proceed  further,  till  his  negoci- 
ations  with  the  parliament  had  been  concluded.  Those 
n^ociations  ended  in  his  decapitation. 

To  decapitate  Charles  I.  was  to  enlarge  the  King  of 
England.  The  Earl  of  Ormond  had  Charles  II.  pro- 
clauaed  in  Youghal^  Carrick^  Cork,  Kinsale,  and  in  all 
the  other  towns  of  this  province.  Prince  Bupert,  the 
great  royalist  general,  and  nephew  of  the  murdered 
]dng,  entered  the  harbour  of  Einsale  with  sixteen 
eiups,  displaying  black  jacks,  ensigns  and  pendants. 
The  prince  and  all  his  officers  were  in  deep  mourning. 
He  came,  as  he  stated,  to  prepare  the  way  for  Charles 
H.  He  was  visited  by  the  Marquis  of  Ormond,  and 
treated  with  all  honor  and  respect  by  the  inhabitants. 
His  fleet  succeeded  in  making  prizes  of  a  number  of 
com  vessels,  of  which  it  stood  in  the  greatest  need. 
He  sent  a  force  to  the  relief  of  Scilly,  and  5,000  pis- 
toles to  the  new  king.  Prince  Eupert's  brother, 
Maurice,  had  arrived  in  Kinsale  about  a  fortnight 
before  him.* 

All  this  looked  bright  enough  for  the  royal  cause, 
but  it  was  no  more  than  a  flash  of  wintry  sun- 
shine. The  English  parliament  sent  Admirals  Blake 
and  Deane  to  blockade  the  harbour  of  Kinsale,  which 
they  accomplished,  capturing  the  Guinea,  one  of  Eu- 
pert's  ships,  which  was  out  on  a  cruise.     The  prince 

*  Foriniaht  before  him. — Prince  Bupert  first  put  into  CrookhaTen,  owing  to  a 
aiiUke  of  tLe  pilot. 


88  HISTOBY  OF  CORK. 

posts  to  Cork  and  Waterford,  and  asks  for  aid,  in 
the  shape  of  five  ships,  to  assail  the  blockading  Tea- 
sels, but  is  refused.  He  is,  therefore,  compelled 
to  wait  for  winter  storms  to  scatter  or  drive  off  the 
parliamentary  vessels  which  hovered  in  and  about  the 
mouth  of  the  harbour.  But,  in  the  meantime^  his 
own  fleet  of  sixteen  ships  was  reduced  to  four  and 
the  flag  ship,  from  want,  and  consequent  desertloii ; 
but  with  these  he  managed  to  give  the  enemy  the  slip 
and  reach  Lisbon  in  safety ;  so  nothing  came  of  this 
promising  expedition. 

The  Marquis  of  Ormond  was  equally  unfortunate  on 
land.  He  assembled  a  force  of  8,000  foot  and  2,000 
horse  at  Carlow.  His  lieutenant,  Lord  Lichiquixi| 
with  a  part  of  this  army,  pressed  forward  to  Drogheda, 
which  surrendered  after  seven  days,  on  honorable 
terms,  the  garrison,  consisting  of  six  hundred  men, 
receiving  permission  to  march  to  Dublin.  Lichiquin's 
next  move  was  on  Dundalk ;  from  Dundalk  to  Newry, 
and  from  Newry  to  Trim  Castle,  taking  aU  these 
places.  He  then  marched  back  and  rejoined  the  main 
body  of  the  royalist  army  under  Ormond,  which  lay  at 
Finglass,  about  two  miles  to  the  north  of  Dublin. 

IVom  Finglass  they  advanced  to  Bathmines.  The 
parliamentary  army  in  Dnblio,  under  the  command  of 
General  Jones,  had  received  eonsiderable  reinforce- 
ments. Ormond,  who  was  aware  of  this  when  too  late 
for  retreat,  and  who  had  watched  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  night,  expecting  an  attack,  had  retired  to  rest, 
when  he  was  aroused  by  the  shouts  of  the  assailants. 
Some  accounts  say  that  he  had  4,000  slain  and  2,500 
taken  prisoner,  but  this  is  much  over  the  mark.     He 


OBMOND's  bout  ax  £AXHMINES.  89 

lost  all  his  artillery,  baggage,  money,  and  provisions. 
The  sally  proved  a  complete  rout.  Ormond  wrote  to 
Oeneral  Jones  for  a  list  of  the  prisoners,  when  Jones 
replied,  "  My  lord,  since  I  routed  your  army  I  have 
not  the  happiness  to  know  where  you  are,  that  I  may 
TOit  upon  you." 

We  discover  from  a  letter  of  Oliver  CJromwell,  dated 
Boss,  November  14th,  1649,  that  the  English  parlia- 
ment voted  General  Jones  £500  a  year  in  Irish 
forfeited  lands,  for  his  victory  at  Bathmines.  The 
letter  is  addressed  to  the  Honorable  Thomas  Soott,  of 
the  Council  of  State,  and  opens  thus : — 

"  Sir,  I  hope  you  will  excuse  this  trouble.  I  under- 
stand the  House  did  vote  Lieutenant-General  Jones  five 
hundred  pounds  per  annum  of  lands  of  inheritance  from 
Irish  lands,  upon  the  news  of  the  defeat  given  to  the 
enemy  before  Dublin,  immediately  before  my  coming 
over.  I  think  it  will  be  a  very  acceptable  work,  and 
very  well  taken  at  your  hands,  to  move  the  House  for 
an  immediate  settlement  thereof.  It  will  be  very  con- 
venient at  tihis  time." 


' 

i 


CHAPTER  IV. 


OLIYSB  OBOMWBLL  AND  THB  OOMMONWBAXTH. 

A.D.  1649-^1656« 

Ceomwell  landed  in  Dublin,  the  14th  of  August^ 
1649,  with  an  army  of  9,000  foot  and  4,000  horea 
He  found  the  English  troops,  under  Lieutenant-general 
Jones,  flushed  with  their  late  victory  over  Onnond  at 
Bathmines,  and  learned  that  they,  and  the  parlia- 
mentary soldiers  generally,  had  been  committing  acts 
of  violence  upon  the  people,*  and,  therefore,  published 
the  address  from  which  we  give  these  extracts : — 

^^  Whereas,  I  am  informed,  that  upon  the  marching 
Out  of  the  armies  heretofore,  or  of  parties  from  gar- 
risons, a  liberty  hath  been  taken  by  the  soldiery  to 
abuse,  rob  and  pillage,  and  too  often  to  execute  cruel- 
ties upon  the  country  people ;  being  resolved,  by  the 
grace  of  God,  diligently  and  strictly  to  restrain  such 
wickedness  for  the  future,  I  do  hereby  warn  and  re- 
quire all  officers,  soldiers,  and  others  under  my  com- 
mand, henceforth,  to  forbear  all  such  evil  practices  as 
aforesaid,  and  not  to  do  any  wrong  or  violence  toward 
country  people,  or  persons  whatsoever,  unless  they  be 

•  AeU  of  9ioUnM  %^pm  ths  peopU.  Sir  James  Ware,  the  IriahhittoriaiiyWii  about 
this  time  a  hoetage  in  the  hands  of  General  Michael  Jonee,  for  the  deliTery  of 
Dublin  into  the  hands  of  Cromwell.  He  was  not  badly  treated.  He  aftorwaidi 
got  a  pass  from  General  Jonee  to  go  to  France. 


CROMWBLL'S    PROCLiS&ATION.  91 

actually  in  arms  or  office  with  the  enemy,  and  not  to 
meddle  with  the  goods  of  such  without  special  order. 
"And,  hereof,  I  require  all  soldiers  and  others, 
under  my  command,  diligently  to  take  notice  and  ob- 
serve the  same,  as  they  shall  answer  to  the  contrary  at 
their  utmost  perils ;  strictly  charging  and  commanding 
all  officers  and  others,  in  their  several  places,  carefully 
to  see  to  it,  that  no  wrong  or  violence  be  done  to  any 
sueli  person  as  aforesaid,  contrary  to  the  effect  of  these 
premises.  Being  resolved,  through  the  grace  of  God, 
to  punish  all  that  shall  offend,  contrary  hereunto,  very 
severely,  according  to  law  or  articles  of  war ;  to  dis- 
place, and  otherwise  punish,  all  such  officers  as  shall 
be  found  negligent  in  their  places,  and  not  to  see  to  the 
due  observance  hereof,  or  not  to  punish  the  offenders 
under  their  respective  commands. — Given  at  Dublin, 
the  24th  of  August,  1649. 

"  Oliver  Ceomwbll." 
Cromwell  made  his  first  movement  upon  Drogheda, 
which  Inchiquin  had  lately  wrested  from  the  parlia- 
ment. He  took  the  place  by  storm,  putting  about 
3,000  to  the  sword.  "  I  offered  mercy  to  the  garrison 
of  Tredah,''  he  says  in  his  summons  to  the  governor  of 
Dundalk,  "  which,  being  refused,  brought  their  evil 
upon  them."  Carlyle  says,  "  the  garrison  consisted, 
in  good  part,  oi Englishmen^^ — Inchiquin's  troops,  we 
conclude — who  never  gave  quarter  themselves. 

We  shall  give  the  account  of  the  siege  in  Oliver's 
own  words,  in  a  letter  to  the  Honorable  John  Brad- 
ahaw.  President  of  the  Council  of  State,  and  dated 
from  Dublin,  September  16th,  1649 : — 

^^It  hath  pleased  God  to  bless  our  endeavours  at 


J. 


92  HISTOBT  OF  GOHK. 


Tredah  [Drogheda].  After  battery  we  stormed  it. 
The  enemy  were  about  3,000  strong  in  the  town. 
They  made  a  stout  resistance ;  and  near  1,000  of  our 
men  being  entered,  the  enemy  forced  them  out  again. 
But  God  giving  a  new  courage  to  our  men,  they 
attempted  again  and  entered ;  beating  the  enemy  from 
their  defences. 

'^  The  enemy  had  made  three  retrenchments,  both 
to  the  right  and  left  of  where  we  entered ;  all  whidi 
they  were  forced  to  quit.  Being  thus  entered,  we 
refased  them  quarter,  having  the  day  before  sum- 
moned the  town.  I  believe  we  put  to  the  sword  the 
whole  number  of  the  defendants.  I  do  not  think  thirty 
of  the  whole  number  escaped  with  their  lives.  Those 
that  did  are  in  safe  custody  for  the  Barbadoes.'' 

In  another  letter  to  the  Honorable  William  LenthalL 
Speaker  of  the  parliament  of  England,  and  dated  from 
Dublin,  September  17,  1649,  he  says,  "  The  next  day, 
the  two  other  towers  were  summoned,  in  one  of  which 
was  about  six  or  seven  score,  but  they  refused  to  yield 
themselves,  and  we  knowing  that  hunger  must  compel 
them,  set  only  good  guards  to  secure  them  from  run- 
ning away,  until  their  stomachs  were  come  down* 
From  one  of  the  said  towers,  notwithstanding  their 
condition,  they  killed  and  wounded  some  of  our  men. 
When  they  submitted,  their  officers  were  knocked  on 
the  head,  and  every  tenth  man  of  the  soldiers  killed, 
and  the  rest  shipped  for  the  Barbadoes.  The  soldiers 
in  the  other  tower  were  all  spared,  as  to  their  lives 
only,  and  shipped  likewise  for  the  Barbadoes.  ^^  Since 
that  time" — that  is,  the  taking  of  Drogheda — "the 
enemy  quitted  to  us  Trim  and  Dundalk.     In  Trim, 


> 

CROMWELL  EN   ROUTE  TO  CORK.  93 

they  were  in  such  haste,  that  they  left  their  guns  be- 
hind them.'' 

He  proceeds  from  Dublin  to  the  South,  taking  Wex- 
ford and  Eoss  on  his  way  to  Cork.  We  shall  be  all 
the  better  acquainted  with  this  remarkable  man  by 
marching  from  Dublin  with  him  and  his  army.  "  Sir," 
— ^writing  to  the  Speaker  from  Wexford,  the  14th 
October,  1649 — "The  army  marched  from  Dublin, 
about  the  23rd  of  September,  into  the  county  of 
Wicklow,  where  the  enemy  had  a  garrison  about  four- 
teen miles  from  Dublin,  called  £illencarrick,  which 
they  quitting,  a  company  of  the  army  was  put  therein. 
From  thence  the  army  marched  through  almost  a  deso- 
lated country,  until  it  came  to  a  passage  over  the  river 
Doro,  about  a  mile  above  the  castle  of  Arklow,  which 
was  the  first  seat  and  honour  of  the  Marquis  of 
Ormond's  family,  which  he  had  strongly  fortified,  but 
it  was,  upon  the  approach  of  the  army,  quitted,  wherein 
we  left  another  company  of  foot — thence  the  army 
marched  towards  Wexford. 

He  summons  Colonel  David  Synnott,  the  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  town,  to  surrender.  Synnott  must  con- 
sult the  mayor  and  corporation.  Cromwell  replies 
that  he  must  be  quick,  and  do  it  before  twelve  the 
next  day.  The  corporation,  to  gain  time,  propose  a 
treaty;  they  hear  that  Lord  Castlehaven  is  on  his 
march  to  their  relief.  Cromwell  requires  the  town, 
and  not  a  treaty,  but  let  them  send  in  their  terms. 
Synnott  sends  a  long  paper,  in  which  he  requires 
liberty  to  exercise  the  Catholic  religion,  the  possession 
of  all  religious  houses  and  Catholic  property,  the  pre- 
rogatives of  Catholic  bishops  and  other  church  digni- 


94  HISTOBT  OF  COHE. 

taries  to  remain  intact,  all  corporate  rights,  public  and 
private  property,  military  stores,  and  to  march  out 
with  flying  colors. 

To  these  demands  Cromwell  makes  the  following 
reply : — "  Sir,  I  have  had  the  patience  to  peruse  your 
propositions,  to  which  I  might  have  returned  aa 
answer  with  disdain,  but  to  be  short,  I  shall  give  the 
soldiers  and  non-commissioned  officers  quarter  for  life, 
and  leave  to  go  to  their  several  habitations,  with  their 
wearing  clothes,  they  engaging  themselves  to  live 
quietly  there,  and  to  take  up  arms  no  more  against 
the  parliament  of  England;  and  the  commissioned 
officers  quarter  for  their  lives,  but  to  render  them- 
selves prisoners.  And  as  for  the  inhabitants,  I  shall 
engage  myself  that  no  violence  shall  be  offered  to  their 
goods,  and  that  I  shall  protect  the  town  from  plunder. 

"  I  expect  your  positive  answer  instantly ;  and  if 
you  will,  upon  these  terms  surrender  and  quit,  and 
shall  in  one  hour  send  forth  to  me  four  officers  and  two 
aldermen  for  the  performance  thereof,  I  shall  thereupon 
forbear  all  acts  of  hostility. — ^Your  servant, 

^'OuvEE  Cromwell." 

But  the  answer,  he  informs  us,  had  no  effecti  for 
while  he  was  preparing  it,  the  governor  of  the  castle, 
"  being  fairly  treated,'^  delivered  up  the  place.  When 
the  Irish  see  the  Cromwellian  troops  in  the  castle,  they 
desert  their  walls,  which  are  instantly  stormed.  The 
Irish  lost  about  2,000  men,  and  Cromwell  **not 
twenty." 

Cromwell  advances  from  Wexford  to  Boss,  which  he 
summons  in  the  following  style.  The  summons  is 
addressed  to  Lucas  Taaffe,  the  brother  of  Lord  TaaSbi 


cbomwell's  ubeety  of  conscience.  95 

who  commanded  the  Irish  at  the  battle  of  Knockninoss, 
near  Castle  Magner,  in  the  county  Cork : 

'^  Sir,  Since  my  coming  into  Ireland,  I  hare  this 
witness  for  myself,  that  I  haye  endeavoured  to  avoid 
effdaion  of  blood ;  having  been  sent  before  no  place, 
to  which  such  terms  have  not  been  first  sent,  as  might 
have  turned  to  the  good  and  preservation  of  those  to 
whom  they  were  offered;  this  being  my  principle, 
that  the  people  and  places  where  I  come  may  not 
suffer,  except  through  their  own  wilfullness.  To  the 
end  I  may  observe  the  like  course  with  this  place  and 
people  therein,  I  do  hereby  summon  you  to  deliver 
the  town  of  Boss  into  my  hands,  to  the  use  of  the  par- 
liament of  England.  Expecting  your  speedy  answer, 
I  rest,  your  servant, 

"Oliver  Cromwell." 

Taaffe  replies,  that  he  is  prepared  to  entertain  a  safe 
and  honorable  treaty  of  surrender.  Cromwell  tells  him 
that  he  and  his  army  may  inarch  off  with  colors,  bag 
and  baggage;  that  the  inhabitants  shall  be  guarded 
from  the  violence  of  soldiers,  and  permitted  to  live  free 
and  peaceably.     Lucas  Taaffe  writes  as  follows : — 

"  Fob  Oxnbbax  Cbohwbll,  these  : — 

'*  Robs,  19th  October,  1649. 
"  Sib, 

"  There  wants  but  little  that  I  would  propose,  which  is, 

that  such  townsmen  as  have  a  desire  to  depart  may  have  libeity, 

within  a  convenient  time,  to  cany  away  themselves  and  goods,  and 

liberty  of  conscience  to  such  as  shall  stay ;  and  that  I  may  carry 

away  such  artillery  and  ammunition  as  I  have  in  my  command.    If 

you  be  inclined  to  this  I  will  send,  upon  your  honour,  as  a  safe* 

conduct,  an  officer  to  conclude  with  you,  to  which  your  inmiediate 

■nswer  is  expected  by,  sir,  your  servant, 

*'  Lucas  Taapfe." 


I. 


96  HISTOBY  OF  COKE. 

To  this  very  proper  letter,   Cromwell  makes  the 

following  memorable  reply.    It  is  one  of  the  ooolest 

and  most  candid  denials  of  the  right  of  the  Catholic  to 

worship  Ood  according  to  the  dictates  of  his  conscience 
that  was  ever  penned. 

**FoB  The  Gotsbnob  of  Ross,  these: 

''Before  Ross,  19th  October,  1649. 
"  Sib, 

'*  To  what  I  formerly  offered,  I  shall  make  good.  As  for 
your  carrying  away  any  artillery  or  ammnnition  that  you  brought 
not  with  you,  or  that  hath  not  come  to  you  since  you  had  the  com- 
mand of  that  place — I  must  deny  you  that,  expecting  you  to  le«f8 
it,  tu  you  found  it. 

'*  As  for  that  which  you  mention  concerning  liberty  of  conscienoei 
I  meddle  not  with  any  man's  conscience.  But  if  hy  liberty  of  oon- 
sdence^  you  mean  liberty  to  exercise  the  Afcus,  I  Judge  it  beet  to  M9§ 
plain  dealing^  and  to  let  you  know,  where  the  Parliament  of  En^lami 
have  power ^  that  will  not  he  allowed. 

''  As  for  such  of  the  townsmen  who  desire  to  depart,  and  carry 
away  themselves  and  goods  (as  you  express),  I  engage  myself  they 
shall  have  three  months  time  so  to  do,  and  in  the  meantims  shall 
be  protected  from  Tiolence  in  their  persons  and  goods,  as  others 
imder  the  obedience  of  the  parliament. 

"  If  you  accept  of  this  offer,  I  engage  my  honour  for  a  punetoal 
performance  hereof.     I  rest, 

"  Your  Servant, 

"  Oliveb  Cbomweli./' 

For  Cromwell  to  say,  *^I  meddle  with  no  man's 
conscience,"  and  to  deny,  in  the  same  breath|  '*a 
liberty  to  exercise  the  mass,"  is  a  piece  of  audacity,  in 
the  shape  of  self-contradiction,  which  the  devil  himsdf 
would  scarcely  venture  on. 

Taaffe  seeing  there  was  no  use  in  parleying  with 
such  a  man,  and  suspecting  that  further  delay  or  re- 
sistance would  subject  Boss  to  the  fate  of  Drogheda  or 
Wexford,  consented  to  render  up  the  town. 


r 


OOLOmSL  PHAIBy   GOYEEHOB  OF  COBS.  07 

It  was  wliile  lying  before  Boss,  that  Oliver,  writing 
to  the  Honorably  Thomas  Scott,  of  the  Council  of  State, 
tinder  date  November  14th,  1649,  says,  "The  Lord 
Biog^iill  is  now  in  Munster,  where  he,  I  hope,  will  do 
very  good  office.  All  his  suit  is  for  two  hundred 
pounds,  to  bring  his  wife  over.  Such  a  sum  would 
not  be  cast  away.  He  hath  a  great  interest  in  the 
men  that  come  from  Inchiquin.  I  have  made  him  and 
Sir  William  Fenton,  Colonel  Blake  and  Deane — who  1 
believe,  at  least  one  of  them,  will  be  frequently  in 
Cork  Harbour,  making  that  a  victualling  place  for  the 
Irish  fleet,  instead  of  Milford  Haven  —  I  have  made 
him  and  Colonel  Fhayr,  commissioners  for  a  temporary 
management  of  afiEairs  there. 

*^  This  business  of  Munster  will  empty  your  treasury, 
therefore  you  have  need  to  hasten  our  money  allotted 
to  us,  lest  you  put  us  to  stand  with  our  fingers  in  our 
mouths  I    I  rest.  Sir,  your  servant, 

"  Oliveb  Cbomwell," 

This  Colonel  Phayr  or  Phair,  who  is  united  with 
Broghill,  Fenton,  Blake,  and  Deane,  was  one  of  the 
three*  appointed  by  the  regicides  to  see  that  the 
death-warrant  on  Charles  I.  was  duly  executed.  He 
is  immediately  after  this  appointed  governor  of  Cork, 
before  the  king's  blood  is  dry  upon  his  fingers.  This 
Colonel  Blake  became  Admiral  Blake.  The  next 
letter  is  for  the  Hon.  William  Lenthall,  Esq.,  Speaker 
of  the  parliament  of  England,  and  is  dated  Boss,  14th 
of  November,  1649  : — 

♦  Ot9e  of  the  thr$e. — The  other  two  were  Colonel  Francis  Hacker  and  Colonel 
Hunclu.  Colonel  Hnncbi  got  the  lands  of  Monkstown  in  Cromwell's  time.  There 
will  a  Doctor  Hnnoks  arrested  in  Cork,  and  sent  as  prisoner  to  Dnhlin,  the  I8th 
May,  1660,  the  day  Uiat  Charles  the  II.  was  proclaimed  in  Cork. 

VOL.  n.  7 


98  HISTOHT  OF  COBK. 

^^  About  a  fortnight  since  I  had  some  good  assurance 
that  Cork  was  returned  to  its  obedience,  and  had 
refused  Inchiquin,  who  did  strongly  endeayour  to 
redintegrate  himself  there,  but  without  success.  I 
did  hear  also  that  Colonel  Townsend  *  was  coming  to 
me  with  their  submission  and  desires,  but  was  inter- 
rupted by  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Cork  Harbour,  f  But 
haying  sufficient  grounds  upon  the  former  informationi 
and  other  confirmation  out  of  the  enemy's  camp,  that 
it  was  true,  I  desired  Oeneral  Blake,  who  was  here 
with  me,  that  he  would  thither  in  Captain  Mildmay's 
j&igate,  called  the  Nonsuch;  who,  when  they  came, 
received  such  entertainment  as  these  enclosed  will  let 
you  see. 

"  In  the  meantime  the  Garland,  one  of  your  third- 
rate  ships,  coming  happily  into  Walerford  bay,  I 
ordered  her  and  a  great  prize  lately  taken  in  that  bay, 
to  transport  Colonel  Phayr  to  Cork ;  whither  he  went, 
having  along  with  him  near  five  hundred  foot,  which 
I  spared  him  out  of  this  poor  army,  and  £1,500  in 
money,  giving  him  such  instructions  as  were  proper 
for  the  promoting  of  your  interest  there." 

Colonel  Townsend,  who  has  managed  to  pass  the 
fort  in  the  Nonsuch  frigate,  informs  them  that 
Toughal  has  declared  for  the  parliament;  so  to  Youghal 
they  go.  The  mayor,  and  some  of  the  more  influential 
citizens,  come  aboard.  The  mayor  is  disposed  to  make 
conditions  before  rendering  up  the  place.    Lord  Brog- 

^  Colonel  Jbwnaend. — Mr.  Caulfield  Rpoaks  of  a  Colonel  Bichard  TowBHudy 
^bo  attempted,  in  1648,  (rect6  1649)  with  Colonel  Doyley,  without  their  general^ 
Lord  Inchiquin'a  consent,  to  betray  the  towns  of  Munster  to  the  Engliih  ptriift- 
ment,  for  arrears  of  pay. — Journal  of  th$  Reverend  Rowkmd  Davie$f  p.  96. 

t  Fort  ai  the  mouth  of  Cork  J£arhour,—T)m  old  fort  was  near  Fort  Carlitle.  I 
believe  some  portions  of  it  are  yet  yisible. 


CORK  8BIZEB  FOB  CK01CW£LL.  99 

liill  aasmres  him  and  his  friends  it  would  be  more  to 
their  honor  and  advantage  to  make  no  conditions,  to 
which  they  submit.  "  Whereupon,"  says  Cromwell, 
from  whose  letter  we  quote,  ^^  my  Lord  Broghilli  Sir 
William  Fenton  and  Colonel  Phaire,  went  to  the  town 
and  were  received — I  shall  give  you  my  Lord  Brog- 
hill's  own  words — with  all  the  real  demonstrations  of 
gladness  an  overjoyed  people  were  capable  of." 

Colonel  Phaire  lands  his  troops  at  Youghal,  where 
he  leaves  a  garrison,  and  marches  .with  the  rest  to 
Cork,  which  he  takes  by  surprise.  The  royalist  gover- 
nor, Sir  Bobert  Starling,  and  indeed  the  whole  city, 
except  a  few  who  had  been  awaked  by  the  gingle  of 
the  fifteen  hundred  pounds,  were  caught  napping. 

The  attack  was  made  at  night.  ^^  One  may  truly 
say,"  writes  a  parliamentary  officer,  with  a  little  touch 
of  Cromwellian  humour,  "  that  he  " — that  is  Sir 
Bobert  Starling — "  was  divested  of  his  government  in 
the  dark,  and  consequently  could  not  see  to  prevent  it." 
We  discover,  by  a  letter  from  Lady  Fanshawe,  that 
the  Catholics,  as  well  as  royalists,  were  driven  out  of 
the  city,  stript,  and  woimded,  and  in  the  depth  of 
winter.  Lady  Fanshawe  was  living  at  the  Bed 
Abbey,*  one  of  the  towers  of  which  stand — in  Cum- 
berland Street — to  the  present  day. 

**  I  was  in  my  bed  when  Cork  revolted.  By  chance 
that  day  my  husband  was  gone  on  business  to  Kinsale. 
It  was  in  the  beginning  of  November,  1650  [rect6 
1649].  At  midnight  I  heard  the  great  guns  go  ofl^ 
and  thereupon  I  called  up  my  family  to  rise,  which  I 

«  The  Red  Abbey  was  foundec!  as  a  convent  for  Angnstinian  Eremites,  or 
Avstin  firian,  in  1420,  by  Patrick  De  Courcj,  Baron  of  Kinsale. 


OQ 


28402 


d 


100  HISTOKY  OP   CORK. 

did  as  well  as  I  oould  in  that  condition.  Kearing 
lamentable  shrieks  of  men,  women,  and  children,  I 
asked  at  a  window  the  canse.  They  told  me  they 
were  all  Irish,  stripped  and  wounded,  and  turned  out 
of  the  town,  and  that  Colonel  Jefferies,  with  some 
others,  had  possessed  themselyes  of  the  town  for 
Cromwell.  Upon  this  I  immediately  wrote  a  letter  to 
my  husband,  blessing  Ood's  proyidence  that  he  waa 
not  there  with  me,  persuading  him  to  patience  and 
hope  that  I  should  get  safely  out  of  the  town,  by  Gbd's 
assistance,  and  desired  him  to  shift  for  himself^  for  fear 
of  a  surprise,  with  promise  that  I  would  secure  his  papers. 
^^  So  soon  as  I  had  finished  my  letter  I  sent  it  by  a 
faithful  servant,  who  was  let  down  the  garden  wall  of 
Bed  Abbey,  and,  sheltered  by  the  darkness  of  the 
night,  he  made  his  escape.  I  immediately  packed  up 
my  husband's  cabinet,  with  all  his  writings,  and  near 
£1,000  in  gold  and  silver,  and  all  other  things  both  of 
clothes,  linen,  and  household  stuff  that  were  portable, 
of  value ;  and  then,  about  three  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
by  the  light  of  a  taper,  and  in  that  pain  I  was  in,  I 
went  into  the  market  place  with  only  a  man  and  maid| 
and  passing  through  an  unruly  tumult,  with  their 
swords  in  their  hands,  searched  for  their  chief  com- 
mander, Jefferies,  who,  whilst  he  was  loyal,  had  reoeiyed 
many  civilities  from  your  father.  I  told  him  it  was 
necessary  that  upon  that  change  I  shotdd  remove,  and 
I  desired  his  pass  that  woidd  be  obeyed  or  else  I  must 
remain  there.  I  hoped  he  would  not  deny  me  that 
kindness.  He  instantly  wrote  me  a  pass,  both  for 
myself,  family,  and  goods,  and  said  he  would  never 
forget  the  rei^ot  he  owed  your  father. 


LADY  PANSHAWB's  ESCAPE.  101 

'^  I  came  through  thousands  of  naked  swords  to  Bed 
Abbey,  and  hired  the  next  neighbour's  cart,  which 
carried  all  that  I  could  remove;  and  myself,  sister, 
and  little  girl,  Nan,  with  three  maids  and  two  men, 
set  forth  at  five  o'clock  in  November,  having  but  two 
horses  amongst  us  all,  which  we  rid  on  by  turns.  In 
this  sad  condition  I  left  Bed  Abbey,  with  as  many 
goods  as  were  worth  £100,  which  could  not  be  re- 
moved, and  so  were  plundered.  We  went  ten  miles 
to  Kinsale,  in  perpetual  fear  of  being  fetched  back 
again,  but  by  little  and  little,  I  thank  God,  we  got 
safe  to  the  garrison,  where  I  found  your  father  the 
most  disconsolate  man  in  the  world,  for  fear  of  his 
femily,  which  he  had  no  possibility  to  assist ;  but  his 
joys  exceeded  to  see  me  and  his  darling  daughter,  and 
to  hear  the  wonderful  escape  we,  through  the  assist- 
ance of  God,  had  made." 

While  Broghill  and  Phaire  are  preparing  his  way  in 
Cork,  Youghal,  Bandon,  and  Kinsale,  Cromwell  is 
breaking  up  his  camp  at  Boss,  and  preparing  a  bridge 
to  cross  the  Barrow.  The  Irish,  imder  Owen  Boe 
O'Neill,  are  lying  in  force  between  the  Barrow  and  the 
Nore,  and  "  give  out  they  will  have  a  day  of  it,  which 
we  hope  the  Lord  of  his  mercy  will  enable  us  to  give 
them  in  his  own  good  time."  But  while  lying  there, 
the  Cromwellians  were  "  not  without  some  sweet  taste 
of  the  goodness  of  God."  The  parliamentary  fleet  had 
taken  the  Dunkirk  of  thirty-two  gims,  and  a  Turkish 
flhip  of  ten  guns,  with  poor-john  and  oil.  Another 
mercy  was  the  escape  of  a  party  of  about  1200 — who 
liad  been  left  on  the  sick  list  in  Dublin — from  the 
liands  of  Inchiquin,  on  the  beach  of  Arklow.    "  With- 


102  HI8Z0BT  OP  OOBE. 

out  doubt  Inchiquin,  Treyor,  and  the  rest  of  these 
people^  who  are  very  good  at  this  work,  had  swallowed 
up  this  party/^  but  God  was  on  their  side. 

"  Seeking  GK)d  for  direction,"  Oliver  sends  a  party 
of  horse  under  Colonel  Beynolds,  to  Carrick,  which 
he  takes  by  surprise.  From  Carrick  they  proceed  to 
Waterford,  and  take  the  Passage  fort,  and  a  large 
castle,  and  then  sit  down  before  the  Urbs  Intacta,  which 
they  could  not  take ;  so,  in  order  to  cover  his  Mlure 
and  retreat,  Cromwell  writes  in  the  following  style  to 
the  Speaker.  The  letter  was  read  in  parliament,  and 
ordered  to  be  printed  and  published,  and  ^^  sent  to  all 
the  ministers  next  Lord's  day,  who  are  to  be,  as  they 
best  may,  the  voice  of  our  devout  thankfulness  fbr 
these  great  mercies."  Let  us  see  in  what  these  meroiM 
consisted,  for  they  did  not  consist  in  the  taking  of 
Waterford.  ^^  It  hath  pleased  the  Lord,  whilst  these 
things  have  been  thus  transacting  here,  to  add  to 
our  interest  in  Munster,  Bandon-Bridge,  the  town— - 
as  we  hear  upon  the  matter — thrusting  out  young 
Jephson,  who  was  their  governor,  or  else  deserting  it 
upon  that  jealousy.  As  also  Xinsale  and  the  fort 
there.  Out  of  this  fort  400  men  marched  upon  artiolesi 
when  it  was  surrendered;  so  that  now,  by  the  hand  of 
the  Lord,  your  interest  in  Munster  is  near  as  good 
already  as  ever  it  was  since  this  war  began.  I  sent  a 
party  about  two  days  ago  to  my  Lord  of  Broghill|  from 
whom  I  expect  to  have  an  account  of  all." 

We  don't  know  how  to  understand  what  Cromwell 
says  about  Bandon«  It  is  evident  he  got  Broghill's 
version  of  it.  Bandon  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Boyles^ 
the  Earl  of  Cork's  sons,  who  did  what  they  pleased 


THE   SEIZITBE  OF  EINSALE  AKD  BANDON.  103 

with  it.  The  Jephsons  were  always  with  the  parlia- 
ment. If  young  Jephson  gave  np  the  governorship,  it 
must  have  been  through  "jealousy ;''  but  my  Lord 
Broghill,  who  managed  all,  wished  to  gain  eclat  by 
giving  th^  affair  all  the  importance  of  a  surrender. 

Cromwell  glorifies  himself  and  Broghill  on  the  occa- 
flion,  in  the  following  style : — "  Sir,  what  can  be  said 
of  these  things  ?  Is  it  an  arm  of  flesh  that  hath  done 
these  things  ?  Is  it  the  wisdom  of  council  or  strength 
of  men  ?  It  is  the  Lord  only.  '  God  will  eurse  that  man 
and  kis  hatise  that  dares  to  Ihink  otherwiseJ^  As  many 
did  think  otherwise,  and  still  continue  to  think  other- 
wise, this  "  curse  of  Cromwell "  must  rest  on  many  a 
head  and  house.  It  may  be  profanity,  but  we  are 
more  disposed  to  attribute  the  surrender  of  Cork  to 
the  fifteen  hundred  pounds  sent  there  to  bribe  the 
leading  men,  than  to  any  special  divine  influence. 
But  what  member  of  the  parliament,  for  whom  the 
letter  was  penned,  dare  say  as  much,  or  call  this  affair 
at  Bandon  a  bagatelle  ?  After  brow-beating  and 
thundering  at  the  recusants,  like  Jupiter  Tonans,  he 
began  to  coax  and  wheedle  in  the  following  style : — 

"  I  humbly  beg  leave  to  offer  a  word  or  two.  I  beg 
of  those  that  are  faithful,  that  they  give  glory  to  God, 
I  wish  it  may  have  influence  upon  the  hearts  and 
spirits  of  all  those  that  are  now  in  place  of  government, 
in  the  greatest  trust,  that  they  may  in  all  heart  draw 
near  to  God,  giving  him  glory  by  holiness  of  life  and 
conversation ;  and  that  those  unspeakable  mercies  may 
teach  dissenting  brethren" — dissentient  members — "on 
all  sides  to  agree,  at  least,  in  praising  God.  And  if 
the  Father  of  the  family  be  so  kind,  why  should  there 


104  HISTORY  OF  COBK. 

be  such  jarrings  and  heart-burnings  amongst  the  chil- 
dren ?  And  if  it  will  not  be  receiyed  that  these  are 
the  seals  of  God's  approbation  of  your  great  change  of 
government — ^which  indeed  are  no  more  yours  than 
these  yictories  and  successes  are  ours — ^yet  let  them 
with  us  say^  even  the  most  unsatisfied  heart  amongst 
them,  that  both  are  the  righteous  judgments  and 
mighty  works  of  Ood ;  that  he  hath  pulled  the  mighty 
from  his  seat,  and  calls  to  an  account  for  innooent 
blood ;  that  he  thus  breaks  the  enemies  of  his  church 
in  pieces.  And  let  them  not  be  sullen,  but  praise  the 
Lord,  and  think  of  us  as  they  please,  and  we  shall  be 
satisfied,  and  pray  for  them,  and  wait  upon  our  God. 
And  we  hope  we  shall  seek  the  welfare  and  peaoe  of 
our  native  country,  and  the  Lord  give  them  hearts  to 
do  so  too.  Indeed,  sir,  I  was  constrained  in  my 
bowels  to  write  thus  much.  I  ask  your  pardon,  and 
rest  your  most  humble  servant, 

*^  Oliver  Cromwbll.*' 

He  writes  to  Lord  Wharton,  who,  we  suspect,  was 
one  of  the  principal  recusants,  in  the  following  style. 
The  letter  is  dated  from  Cork,  1st  January,  1649,  rect6 
1650:— 

<<  Mt  dbar  Friend,  my  dear  Lord, 

^^  If  I  know  thy  heart  I  love  you  in  truth,  and, 
therefore,  if  from  the  jealousy  of  unfeigned  love  I  play 
the  fool  a  little,  and  say  a  word  or  two  at  guess,  I 
know  you  will  pardon  it. 

"  It  were  a  vain  thing,  by  letter,  to  dispute  over  your 
doubts,  or  undertake  to  answer  your  objections.  I 
have  heard  them  all  and  I  have  rest  from  the  troubles 


gbomwell's  leiteb  to  lobb  whahton.      105 

of  them,  and  of  what  has  risen  in  my  own  heart,  for 
which  I  desire  to  be  humbly  thankfcd.  I  do  not  oon- 
demn  your  reasonings ;  I  doubt  them.  It  is  easy  to 
object  to  the  glorious  actings  of  GK)d  if  we  look  too 
much  upon  instruments  I  I  have  heard  computations 
made  of  the  members  in  parliament,  the  good  kept  out, 
the  worst  left  in,  etc.,  it  has  been  so  these  nine  years. 
Yet  what  hath  God  wrought?  The  greatest  works 
last;  and  is  still  at  work!  Therefore,  take  heed  of 
thiB  scandal. 

'^  Be  not  offended  at  the  manner  of  Ood's  working, 
perhaps  no  other  way  was  left.  What  if  God  accepted 
their  zeal,  even  as  he  did  that  of  Fhineas,  whom  reason 
might  haye  called  before  a  jury  ?  What  if  the  Lord 
have  witnessed  his  approbation  and  acceptance  to  this 
seal  also,  not  only  by  signal  outward  acts  but  to  the 
hearts  of  good  men  too  ?  What  if  I  fear  my  friend 
should  withdraw  his  shoulder  from  the  Lord's  work — 
oh,  it's  grievous  to  do  so  I — through  scandals,  through 
£Edse  mistaken  reasonings." 

He  concludes  his  letter  thus : — "  My  service  to  the 
dear  little  lady.  I  wish  you  make  her  not  a  greater 
temptation  to  you  in  this  matter  than  she  is.  Take 
heed  of  all  relations.  Mercies  should  not  be  tempta- 
tions, yet  we  too  oft  make  them  so.  The  Lord  direct 
your  thoughts  into  the  obedience  of  his  will,  and  give 
yon  rest  and  peace  in  the  truth  I  Pray  for  your  most 
true  and  affectionate  servant  in  the  Lord. 

"  OUVBR  CROlkrWELL." 

*^  P.8. — I  received  a  letter  from  Bobert  Hammond, 
whom  truly  I  love  in  the  Lord,  with  the  most  entire 
affection ;  it  much  grieved  me,  not  because  I  judged, 


106  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

but  feared  the  whole  spirit  of  it  was  from  temptation ; 
indeed  I  thought  I  perceived  a  proceeding  in  that^ 
which  the  Lord  will,  I  trust,  cause  him  to  unlearn.  I 
would  fain  have  written  to  him,  but  am  straitened  in 
time.  Would  he  be  with  us  a  little ;  perhaps  it  would 
be  no  hurt  to  him." 

The  following  letter,  which  is  addressed  to  the 
Honorable  William  Lenthall,  Esquire,  Speaker  of  the 
parliament  of  England,  and  dated  Cork,  19th  of 
December,  1649,  describes  his  march  from  Waterford 
to  Youghal : — 

"  Mr.  Speaker, 

"  Not  long  after  my  last  to  you  from  Waterfbrd, 
by  reason  of  the  tempestuousness  of  the  weather,  we 
thought  fit,  and  it  was  agreed,  to  march  away  to 
winter-quarters,  to  refresh  our  men  until  God  shall 
please  to  give  further  opportunity  for  action. 

^^  We  marched  off  the  2nd  of  this  instant,  it  being 
so  terrible  a  day  as  ever  I  marched  in  all  my  life. 
Just  as  we  marched  off  in  the  morning,  unexpected  to 
us,  the  enemy  had  brought  an  addition  of  near  two 
thousand  horse  and  foot  to  the  increase  of  their  gar- 
rison, which  we  plainly  saw  at  the  other  side  of  the 
water.  We  marched  that  night  some  ten  or  twelve 
miles,  through  a  craggy  country,  to  KilmacthomaSi  a 
castle  some  eight  miles  from  Dungarvan.  As  we  were 
marching  off  in  the  morning  from  thencOi  the  Lord 
Broghill — I  having  sent  before  to  him  to  maroh  np  to 
me — sent  a  party  of  horse  to  let  me  know  he  wa8| 
with  about  twelve  or  thirteen  hundred  of  the  Munster 
horse  and  foot,  about  ten  miles  o%  near  Dungarvan, 
which  was  newly  rendered  to  him.'' 


CROMWELL^  hBBBBL  TO  THE  6PEAKBB.  107 

The  letter  goes  on  to  desoribe  the  death  of  Lieu- 
teDant-Gttieral  Jones,  who  was  seized  with  a  fever  at 
Dungaryan,  of  whieh  he  died. 

*^  In  the  midst  of  these  grand  sucoesses,  wherein  the 
kindness  and  mercy  of  God  hath  appeared,  the  Lord, 
in  wisdom,  and  for  gracious  ends  best  known  to  him- 
self, hath  interlaced  some  things,  which  may  give  ns 
canse  of  serious  consideration  [as  to]  what  his  mind 
therein  may  be.  And  we  hope  we  wait  upon  him, 
desiring  to  know,  and  to  submit  to  his  good  pleasure. 
The  noble  lieutenant-general,  whose  finger,  to  our 
knowledge,  never  ached  in  all  these  expeditions,  fell 
(dck ;  we  doubt  not,  upon  a  cold  taken  upon  our  late 
wet  march  and  ill  accommodation,  and  went  to  Dun- 
garvan,  where,  struggling  some  four  or  five  days  with 
a  fever,  he  died,  having  run  his  course  with  much 
honor,  courage,  and  fidelity,  as  his  actions  better  speak 
than  my  pen. 

"  What  England  lost  thereby  is  above  me  to  speak. 
I  am  sure  I  lost  a  noble  friend  and  companion  in 
labors.  You  see  how  God  mingles  out  the  cup  unto 
us.  Indeed  we  are  at  this  time  a  crazy  company  ;  yet 
we  live  in  His  sight,  and  shall  work  the  time  that  is 
appointed  unto  us,  and  shall  rest  after  that  in  peace. 
Yet  there  hath  been  some  sweet  at  the  bottom  of  the 
eup." 

He  explains  what  he  means  by  the  sweet.  Colonel 
Zouehy  wrote  to  say  he  had  caught  a  number  of  the 
Irish  straggling,  about  two  miles  from  Passage,  near 
Vaterford,  which  he  had  put  to  the  sword.  This  was 
^^ples  and  nuts  to  Cromwell,  who  had  to  retreat  from 
Waterford. 


lOS  mSTOBT  OF  CORJC. 

The  body  of  the  lieutenant-general  was  brought  to 
Toughal—  where  Oliver  took  up  his  quarters  for  a  few 
days  —  and  interred  with  great  solemnity,  in  Lord 
Cork's  chapel,  in  the  cathedral  of  St.  Mary's.  For 
this  Cromwell  orders  a  day  of  solemn  observance ;  and 
for  Zouchy's  success,  a  day  of  general  thanksgiving. 

He  left  Youghal  on  the  1 6th  of  December,  and 
arrived  in  Cork  on  the  17th,  where  he  received  "very 
hearty  and  noble  entertainment."  He  was  attended 
by  "  My  Lord  Broghill,  Sir  William  Fenton,  and 
divers  other  gentlemen  and  commanders.  Colonel 
Deane  and  Colonel  Blake,  our  sea-generals,  are  both 
riding  in  Cork  Harbour."  "  To-morrow,"  continues 
the  writer  of  the  letter*  from  which  we  quote,  "  the 
Major-General  [Ireton]  is  expected  here,  both  in  good 
health,  God  be  praised.  This  week,  I  believe,  they 
will  visit  Einsale,  Bandon-Bridge,  and  other  places  m 
this  province  that  have  lately  declared  for  us." 

It  was  while  Cromwell  was  in  Cork  that  the  ultra- 
montane Catholic  party  convened  an  assembly  at  Clon- 
macnois,  with  the  hope,  when  it  was  too  late,  of  forming 
a  imion  to  oppose  the  English  parliament.  They  pub* 
lished  an  address,  to  which  Cromwell  replied,  in  what 
Thomas  Carlyle,  in  his  usual  extravagant  and  sham 
style,  describes  as  "  probably  the  remarkablest  state 
paper  ever  published  in  Ireland  since  Strongbow,  or 
even  St.  Patrick,  first  appeared  there."  The  paper  is 
no  more  than  a  violent  politico-theological  tract.  The 
writer,  who  was  not  Cromwell,  argues  closely  from  in- 
correct data.    The  Latinity  is  pure.    Were  Milton  in 

*  **  Th$  Utter  was  addressed  to  an  Honorable  Member  of  the  OouncQ  of  Stat«»" 
and  dated  Cork,  18th  of  Deoember,  1649. 


BICHABD   MAGNEE'S  ESCAPE.  109 

Ireland,  in  1649,  we  should  say  he  wrote  it,  for  it  is 
in  his  worst  prose  style — ^Milton  could  write  mag- 
nificent prose  —  and  a  great  deal  in  his  rabid  anti- 
Catholic  spirit,     Cromwell  never  wrote  it. 

Bishop  Bramhall  narrowly  escaped  the  protector's 
hands  in  Cork,  who  seems  to  have  owed  him  a  gmdge. 
"  rd  have  given  a  good  sum  for  that  Irish  Canter- 
bury," said  the  nonconformist  general,  who  was  fond 
of  a  joke,  though  his  jokes  were  generally  poor  ones. 
Being  in  want  of  artillery,  he  ordered  the  Cork  bells 
to  be  oonverted  into  battering  ordnance.  Some  of  his 
friends  remonstrating  on  the  score  of  sacrilege,  he 
replied,  "  Since  gunpowder  was  invented  by  a  priest, 
I  think  it  not  amiss  to  promote  the  bells  into  eanonsJ^ 

Cromwell's  humour  was  sometimes  of  a  very  grim 
kind.  Bichard  Magner,  of  Castle-Magner,  near  Mallow, 
went  to  pay  his  respects.  Some  one  whispered  in 
Cromwell's  ear  that  Magner  was  a  troublesome  fellow, 
who  had  been  active  in  the  late  rebellion.  Oliver 
received  him  with  apparent  favor,  and  gave  him  a 
letter  for  his  friend.  Colonel  Phair,  the  Parliamentary 
Governor  of  Cork.  Magner  thought  it  prudent  to  look 
at  the  letter  before  handing  it  to  such  a  man.  He 
broke  the  seal,  and  read  his  own  death- warrant,  in 
these  words — "  Execute  the  Bearee."  This  letter 
shall  be  delivered,  soliloquised  Bichard,  but  not  by 
me ;  so  he  posted  off  to  Mallow,  and  handed  it  to  the 
officer  commanding  there — who  had  often  preyed  upon 
Ids  lands — telling  him  that  General  Cromwell  directed 
[Hkst  he  should  deliver  it  in  person.     This  officer  did 

hesitate  a  moment.     It  might  contain  instructions 

his  promotion ;  it  might  give  him  a  It/tj  very  likely, 


110  mSTOEY  OP  CORK. 

SO  he  posts  off  to  Cork  and  delivers  the  letter  to  Phair, 
who  reads  it  with  surprise,  and  asks  how  he  got  it. 
Suspecting  a  tricky  he  sends  to  Cromwell,  who  has  the 
order  countermanded  with  no  small  chagrin.  Bichard 
paid  no  more  complimentary  visits  to  Oliver  after  this. 

Cromwell  visited  Kinsale  and  was  handed  the  keys, 
which  he  did  not,  as  usual,  return  to  the  chief  magii^ 
trate,  who  was  a  Catholic,  but  handed  them  over  to 
Colonel  Stubber,  the  governor.  Some  one  whispered  in 
his  ear  that  Stubber  was  not  over  strict  in  any  religion. 
"  May  be  not,"  replied  Cromwell,  "  but  as  he  is  a 
soldier  he  has  honor,  and,  therefore,  we  will  let  his 
reUgion  alone  this  time." 

Oomwell  left  Youghal  on  the  20th  of  January, 
1650,  and  turned  his  face  to  the  north.  He  writes  to 
the  Speaker  from  Castletown,  in  Limerick,  F^b.  16, 
1650:  ^^  Having  refreshed  our  men  in  winter  quarterS| 
and  health  being  pretty  well  recovered,  we  thought  fit 
to  take  the  field,  and  to  attempt  such  things  as  GK>d, 
by  his  providence,  should  lead  us  to  upon  the  enemy." 
He  crosses  the  Blackwater,  at  Mallow,  and  presses  on 
to  the  county  Limerick,  having  dispatched  Broghill  to 
besiege  Castletownroche.  "  His  lordship,"  says  Crom- 
well, ^^  drew  two  cannon  to  the  aforesaid  castle,  which| 
having  summoned,  they  refused,  but  his  lordship  hay- 
ing bestowed  about  ten  shots  made  their  stomachs  oome 
down.  He  gave  all  the  soldiers  quarter  for  life,  and 
shot  all  the  officers,  being  six  in  number,  to  death.'' 
He  says  nothing  of  Lady  Boche,  by  whom  the  oastle 
was  defended  in  the  absence  of  her  lord. 

Lord  Boche  and  other  Irish  noblemen  were  indicted 
of  treason  by  the  Earl  of  Cork  and  his  sons,  in  1642* 


BBOOHUL  TAKES  LOBD  JKOCHe's  GASXLE.  Ill 

«  The  Earl  of  Cork  "—writes  Dr,  Smith— •'  with  the 

assistanoe  of  his  sons,  the  Lords  Dungarvan,  Broghill, 

JQnalmeaky,  and  Barrymore,  held  quarter  sessions  of 

I  peace  at  Youghal,  in  which  the  principal  rebels 

te  indicted  of  high  treason."     The  old  earl  feeling, 

perhaps,  he  had  turned  the  screw  too  tight  in  the  case 

of  Lord  Boche,  the  proof  of  whose  treason  was  by  no 

means  evident,  writes  to  the  Speaker  of  the  Commons, 

and  explains  what  he  has  done,  and  tries  in  this  way 

to  shift  the  responsibility  off  his  own  shoulders.    He 

proposes  that  Lord  Boche's  property  should  be  seized^ 

He  was  a  wicked  old  fox,  that  fijrst  Lord  Cork,  and 

this  Broghill,  who  seizes  Castletownroche,  is  walking 

in  his  father's  steps.     The  father  takes  the  land,  and 

the  son  the  houses,  of  an  innocent  man.     Lord  Boche 

ranked  among  the  most  loyal  of  any  of  the  Anglo- 

Korman  barons.     Maurice  was  a  faithful  adherent  to 

Charles  IL,  with  whom  he  shared  his  pay  in  Flanders, 

for  some  of  these  noble-minded  men  had  to  live  on 

their  commissions.     Lord   Boche   might  have  made 

terms  with   Cromwell,   had  he  possessed  the  same 

aptitude  of  changing  sides  as  my  Lord  Broghill.     No 

sian  paid  more  dearly  for  his  loyalty  to  an  ungrateful 

monarch  than  Lord  Boche. 

Cromwell  advances  from  Castletown  to  Cahir,  which 

he  took  with  one  of  his  clever  missives.     **  Having 

Inought  my  army  and  cannon  near  this  place,  I  think 

it  fit  to  offer  you  terms  honorable  to  soldiers."     They 

ire  at  once  accepted.    He  marches  to  Kilkenny,  where 

[le  adopts  a  somewhat  different  style,  and  speaks  of 

and  the  judgments  of  God,  but  offers  fairs  terms, 

^h  are  accepted,  after  a  lengthened  correspondence, 


112  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

and  a  breach  in  the  walls.  The  citizens  paid  £2000 
to  save  themselves  from  plunder.  Cromwell  marches 
from  Kilkenny  to  Carrick-on-Suir,  from  which  he 
writes  the  following  letter  respecting  Cork-house,  on 
Cork  hill,  Dublin.  The  "  Countess  of  Cork,"  on  whose 
behalf  he  writes,  is  the  second  earPs  wife,  and  sister- 
in-law  to  Cromwell's  most  particular  friend,  Lord 
Broghill : — 

^^  To  THE  Commissioners  at  Dublin,  these  : 

"  Carrick-on-Suir,  1st  April,  1650. 
'*  Gentlemen, 

^^  Being  desired  by  the  Countess  of  Cork,  that 
nothing  may  be  done  by  way  of  disposal  of  such  part 
of  Cork-house  as  is  holden  of  the  Dean  in  Dublin  (in 
case  my  Lord  of  Cork's  interest  be  determined  therein)| 
and  that  my  Lord  of  Cork  may  have  the  refusal  there* 
of  before  any  other,  in  regard  his  father  has  been  at 
great  charge  in  building  thereof,  and  some  part  of  the 
same  house  is  my  Lord's  inheritance,  and  in  that 
respect,  the  other  part  would  not  be  so  convenient  for 
any  other. 

"  Which  motion  I  conceive  to  be  very  reasonable. 
And  therefore  I  desire  you  not  to  dispose  of  any  part 
of  the  said  house  to  any  person  whatsoever,  until  yon 
hear  further  from  me ;  my  Lady  having  undertaken, 
in  a  short  time,  as  soon  as  she  can  come  at  the  sight 
of  her  writings,  so  as  to  be  satisfied  what  interest  my 
Lord  of  Cork  hath  yet  to  come  therein,  my  Lord  will 
renew  his  term  in  the  said  house,  or  give  foil  resolu- 
tion therein.    I  rest  your  loving  friend, 

"  Oliver  Cromwell." 


THE   CATHOLIC  BISHOP   OP   BOSS    HANGED.         113 

Oliver  marches  to  Clonmel,  where  victory  seems 
disposed  to  desert  his  standard.  More  than  half  of  his 
troops  are  enfeebled  by  sickness.  To  add  to  his  per- 
plexity, he  hears  the  Catholic  bishop  of  Boss  is  assem- 
bling an  Irish  army  of  4,000  foot  and  300  horse  for 
the  relief  of  the  town.  To  end  his  successful  campaign 
by  a  defeat,  or  even  a  retreat,  is  not  to  be  thought  of, 
he  therefore  sends  to  his  trusty  and  well-beloved  Brog- 
hill,  who  has  never  yet  failed  him,  who  takes  the  field 
at  the  head  of  2,000  horse  and  the  same  number  of 
&ot,  and  marches  to  Eolcrea  and  Carrigadrohid  castles, 
which  he  finds  strongly  garrisoned  by  the  bishop,  so 
he  turns  his  horse's  head  in  the  direction  of  Macroom. 
The  bishop  fires  this  castle,  and  draws  up  his  army  in 
the  park.  Broghill  charges,  and  puts  the  Irish  to  the 
rout,  and  succeeds  in  making  their  warlike  bishop 
prisoner,  to  whom  he  offers  pardon  on  the  condition  of 
his  ordering  the  garrison  of  Carrigadrohid  to  deliver 
up  the  castle.  They  conducted  the  courageous  church- 
man to  the  walls,  as  the  Carthagenians  carried  Begulus 
to  Bome,  with  the  full  persuasion  that  he  would  recom- 
mend his  countrymen  to  surrender;  "  Hold  out  to  the 
iMt "  were  his  words ;  so  they  hanged  him  then  and 
there.     A  shame  upon  you,  Broghill. 

The  castle  was  taken  by  a  very  simple  stratagem. 
The  besiegers  cut  up  trees  to  the  size  of  cannon,  yoked 
them — as  if  weighty  metal — to  a  number  of  oxen,  and 
liad  them  planted  opposite  the  walls.  When  the  Irish 
saw  the  wooden  ordnance,  they  began  to  parley,  and 
finally  agreed  to  surrender  *'upon  articles." 

Broghill  hastened  from  Carrigadrohid  to  Clonmel, 
where  Cromwell  still  lay,  with  his  army  greatly  re- 

\  VOL.  II.  8 


i 


114  niSTORY   OF   CORK. 

duced  and  enfeebled  by  sickness.  Morrice,  who  writes 
the  memoirs  of  Lord  Orrery,  informs  us  that  Cromwell 
was  transported  with  joy  at  BroghilPs  arrival ;  that  he 
embraced  him,  and  applauded  his  late  exploits,  and 
that  the  whole  of  the  protector's  army  cried  out,  "  A 
Broghill !  a  Broghill ! "  The  siege  was  renewed  with 
vigor ;  Clonmel  was  taken,  and  then  Waterford ;  after 
which,  Cromwell  returned  to  Youghal,  where  he  had 
previously  made  his  abode,  and  from  which  he  em- 
barked for  England  on  the  29th  of  May,  1650,  bearing 
with  him  the  curse  of  every  Catholic  in  the  kingdom. 
He  left  the  command  of  the  army  to  Ireton,  whom  he 
appointed  Lord  President  of  Munster. 

Ireton  was  engaged  in  the  seige  of  Limerick,  on  the 
July  of  1652,  when  Lord  Muskerry  raised  an  army  for 
its  relief.  Lord  Broghill,  who  received  intelligence 
that  a  body  of  Lord  Muskerry's  horse  had  marohed 
from  the  castle  of  Dromagh,  near  the  Blackwater,  gave 
pursuit.  We  give  Lord  Broghill' s  account  of  the 
affair: — "In  the  morning  early,  I  passed  the  river,  near 
Clonmeen,  where  I  met  with  ninety  Irish,  who  were 
under  protection.  I  asked  them  what  they  were 
assembled  for  ?  They  answered,  they  came  out  of  curio* 
sity  to  see  the  battle.  Having  asked  them  how  they 
knew  there  was  to  be  a  battle  ?  they  answered,  they 
had  a  prophecy  that  there  was  to  be  one  fought  on 
that  gi'ound,  one  time  or  other,  and  they  knew  none 
more  likely  than  the  present.  Upon  which  I  again 
asked  them,  on  what  side  the  victory  was  to  fall? 
Tney  shook  their  heads,  and  said  the  English  are  to 
get  the  day. 

"  Having  begun  to  march  to  their  camp,  the  Irish 


BATTLE   OF   KNOCKNACLASHY.  116 

drew  out  on  my  rear ;  but  I  marched  on,  with  eleven 
squadrons  of  horse,  and  fifteen  of  foot,  in  order  to  draw 
them  out  of  the  wood  they  had  taken  shelter  in,  and  to 
bring  them  into  the  plain.  The  bridge-barrel  was 
fired  on  either  side,  but  the  enemy  did  not  answer  oiur 
shout;  upon  which  a  soldier  cried  out  ^They  are 
beaten  already.^  'Yes,  says  I,  and  shall  be  worse 
beaten  presently.*  The  left  wing,  under  Wallis,  and 
eighty  musketeers,  with  pistol  bullets  in  their  pieces, 
fired  all  at  once  in  two  ranks,  and  I  did  the  like  on  the 
right  wing. 

'^  I  had  given  orders  that  each  wing  of  horse  should 
consist  of  five  squadrons,  three  to  charge  and  two  to 
second.  That  the  middle  troop,  being  in  a  body,  should 
pursue,  while  the  other  two  did  execution.  The  foot, 
also,  I  ordered  to  consist  of  five  battalions,  three  to 
charge  and  two  to  second. 

"  As  the  enemy  outflanked  us  both  ways  I  drew  to 
the  right,  with  the  right  wing,  upon  which  the  enemy 
advanced  that  way  with  1,000  musketeers,  and  with 
their  horse  fought,  horse  head  to  horse  head,  hacking 
with  their  swords,  but  at  length  I  routed  their  left 
wing.  The  enemy  appearing  with  140  horse  in  my 
rere,  I  faced  about  and  charged  through  them,  and 
charging  a  second  time,  bid  my  men  cry  out  "  they 
run,  they  run,"  whereat  their  first  rank  looked  back 
to  see  if  their  rere  did  run,  and  they  seeing  the  faces 
of  their  front,  whom  they  really  thought  began  to  fly 
from  our  people,  began  to  run  in  earnest,  and  so  they 
aU  fled." 

The  victory  at  one  time  seemed  to  be  with  the  Irish> 
flo  much  so,  that  Captain  Banister,  who  fought  on  the 


116  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

left  wing  of  the  English^  rode  off  to  Cork  with  the 
news  of  a  defeat.  The  Irish  never  fought  more  brayely* 
Mac  Donongh  Mac  Carthy,  the  Lord  of  Dnhallow,  was 
slain  as  he  charged  at  the  head  of  a  squadron  of  horse. 
'^  Not  a  horse  officer  of  the  Irish,  except  one,  hut  he 
or  his  horse  was  killed  or  wounded.  All  the  first  rank 
of  my  squadron,  being  thirty-three,  were  either  killed 
or  wounded.  We  resolved  not  to  give  or  take  quarter ; 
however,  several  had  quarter  after  the  battle."  But 
no  thanks  to  you,  my  Lord  Broghill. 

In  a  letter  to  the  speaker,  dated  Blaimey^  Ist 
August,  1652,  he  says,  ^^  We  had  a  very  fair  execu- 
tion for  above  three  miles,  and,  indeed,  it  was  bloody, 
f(yr  I  gave  orders  to  kill  all^  though  some  few  prisenerSy 
of  good  quality,  were  saved.  All  their  foot  field-offioers 
charged  on  foot,  with  pikes  in  their  hands,  so  that  few 
of  them  got  off,  it  being  too  farre  from  any  bogs  or 
woods,  which,  they  say,  they  selected  purposely,  that 
their  men  might  have  no  confidence  but  in  their 
courages,  but  we  relyed  on  a  better  strength  than 
the  arm  of  fiesh,  and  when  their  strength  fiedled  them 
ours  did  not  fail  us.  Their  priests,  all  the  way  before 
they  came  to  fight,  encouraged  them  by  speecheB^  bat 
especially  by  sprinkling  holy  water  on  them,  and  by 
charms,  of  which  I  herewith  send  you  a  copy.*]"  Many 
of  them  were  found  quilted  in  the  doublets  of  the  dead. 
Certainly  they  are  a  people  strangely  given  over  to 
destruction,    who,    though   otherwise    understanding 

*  Bknmeyi  or  Blarney  Cutis.  Lord  Broghill  got  possearion  of  tlkii  caillfl^  til* 
property  «f  Lord  MuBkerry,  in  1646,  where  he  sometimef  resided. 

t  Copy  of  the  SpelL  "  Jesu  Christi,  Filii  Dei  yiri,  iUmnina  me.  Benadkti 
Mater  Dei,  Gabcmatriz  Angelorum  et  totiiu  niandi,  ora  pro  me  ad  benedictiim 
Filium  tuum  flonun,  Angelorum  ad  Coronam,  Coelomm  et  oonfJetaoniBiy 
AffligeDtium  Civitatia  euro  Jerusalem  Pater  Noster,  Are  Maria,  Credo  in  Ombu** 


\ 


r*^ 


BATTLE  OP  KN0CKNACLA8HY.  117 

enoaghi  let  themselved  be  still  deluded  by  ridiculous 
things  and  by  more  ridiculous  persons-  Had  I  been 
one  of  the  charmed,  I  would  have  first  tryed  mine  on 
the  priest  which  gave  it." 

Our  word,  says  Lord  Broghill,  was  ^^ Prosperity  P^ — 
theirs,  "  St.  James  ! "  Our  signal,  white  in  hats ; 
theirs,  green  feme.* 

This  is  called  the  Battle  of  !E[nocknaclashy.  The 
site  is  not  more  than  half  a  mile  from  Banteer  Bridge, 
which  crosses  the  Blackwater,  near  Clonmeen. 

Thon  fain  wonldst  talk  on's  yictory  at  Enocknaclashy, 
And  praise  him  next  to  God — ^the  Ood-a-mercy. 

"On  my  return  to  Limerick,"  says  Broghill,  "Ireton 
fired  three  volleys  for  joy  of  the  victory."  This  battle 
was  followed  by  the  surrender  of  Limerick,  the  last 
action  of  importance  in  this  country  during  the  civil 
war. 

Lord  Muskerry  had  a  narrow  escape  at  the  battle. 
He  was  afterwards  apprehended  and  tried  for  his  life, 
but  was  acquitted,  and  passed  into  Spain,  and  from 
thence  to  France,  where  he  sought  the  office  of  Maitre 
de  Camp,  with  Cardinal  Mazarine  for  his  colonel. 
O'Sullivan  Beare  petitioned  the  French  monarch  for 
money  to  carry  on  the  war,  but  without  success.  Lord 
Inchiquin  moved  for  the  generalship  of  a  new  Irish 
army,  but  was  reminded  of  his  massacre  of  the  priests 
at  Cashel,  which  we  here  record,  though  a  little  out  of 
date.     It  occurred  in  1645  : — 

"All  this  while  my  Lord  of  Inchiquin   overrun 

«  Ortm  fim.  One  of  the  O'Callaghan's  of  the  district  in  which  this  battle 
was  fought  is  called  Baith-na  O'Callaghan,  or,  **  O'Calla^han  of  the  ferns,"  per- 
hape  in  commemoration  of  the  green  Mm  wcsn  by  the  Iruh  in  this  engagement. 


118  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

Munster,  and  coming  to  Cashel,  the  people  retired  to 
the  Eocky  where  the  cathedral  church  stands,  and 
thought  to  defend  it.  But  it  was  carried  by  storm, 
and  the  soldiers  gave  no  quarters,  so  that  within  and 
without  the  church,  there  was  a  great  massacre,  and 
amongst  others,  more  than  twenty  priests  and  religions 
men  killed." — Earl  of  Ctistlehavenh  Memoirs^  p.  78. 

The  enemy  being  subdued,  the  conquerors  set  about 
dividing  the  spoil.  "  After  the  subduing  of  Ireland," 
says  Ludlow,  ^^  there  was  no  small  consultation  how  to 
divide  every  one^s  portion,  imtil  at  a  general  council  of 
war.  Lord  Broghill  proposed,  that  the  kingdom  might 
be  surveyed,  and  the  number  of  acres  taken,  with  the 
quality  of  them,  and  then  all  the  soldiers  to  bring  i|L 
their  demands  of  arrears,  and  so  to  give  every  man  by 
lot,  as  many  acres  of  ground  as  might  answer  the  value 
of  their  arrears.  The  kingdom  being  surveyed,  and 
the  value  of  acres  being  given,  the  highest  was  esti* 
mated  at  four  shillings  the  acre,  and  some  only  at  a 
penny.  Accordingly  the  soldiers  drew  lots  for  their 
several  portions,  and  in  that  manner  the  whole  forfeited 
lands  were  divided  among  the  conquerors  and  adven- 
turers for  money.  At  the  same  time  it  was  agreed  that 
the  Irish  should  be  transplanted  into  Connaught,  which 
so  shattered  them,  that  they  never  made  any  head 
afterwards." 

Lord  Kinsale  was  one  of  those  who  was  offered  the 
alternative  of  "  Hell  or  Connaught ;^^  but  he  had  influ- 
ential friends  who  petitioned  Cromwell,  who  wrote  to 
Fleetwood  to  let  him  pass.  There  may  have  been 
another  reason — his  property  was  very  small. 

Lord  Muskerry  saved  the  most  of  his  property  by 


WILLIAM  PENK,    THE   QUAKER.  ]19 

giving  £1,000  a  year  to  Lord  Broghill,  which  was 
arranged  with  Ludlow,  aad  the  Land  Commissioners, 
who  made  an  order  that  Lord  Muskerry's  lady  should 
enjoy  her  husband^s  estate,  except  £1,000  a  year 
granted  to  Lord  Broghill.  It  was  in  this  way  that  the 
Boyle  family  acquired  such  an  immense  property.  We 
discover  from  a  subsidy,  or  sort  of  income  tax,  levied 
twenty  years  after  this — in  1676 — that  the  Earl  of 
Cork  had  the  best  property  of  any  man  in  Ireland.  He 
paid  £110,  when  the  Duke  of  Ormond  paid  but  £100, 
the  Earl  of  Barrymore  £30,  the  Earl  of  Clancarty  £40, 
the  Earl  of  Orrery  (Lord  Broghill)  £20,  Lord  Courcy 
(Kinsale)  £2,  Lady  Clancarty  £16.  Bishoprick  of  Cork 
and  Boss  £32  16s.,  of  Cloyne  £41  4s. — County  and 
City  of  Cork,  £1,364  18s. 

Cromwell  was  not  unmindful,  in  the  distribution  of 
the  forfeited  property,  of  his  generals  and  friends. 
Sir  William  Penn,  the  famous  sea-general  of  the  com- 
monwealth, who  defended  Youghal  in  1645,  when 
besieged  by  Lord  Castlehaven,  is  particularly  men- 
tioned. In  writing  to  Ireland  in  December  1654,  he 
makes  mention  of  his  good  and  faithful  services  to  the 
commonwealth,  and  directs  that  lands  of  the  full  value 
of  £300  as  they  were  let  in  1640,  should  be  surveyed 
and  set  apart  for  him.  The  lands  were  to  lie  in  a  con- 
venient locality,  and  near  a  castle  or  fortified  residence. 
The  property  selected  was  the  castle  and  manor  of 
Macroom,  and  here,  on  his  release  from  the  Tower,  in 
1656,  he  resided.*    But  Macroom,  as  we  have  shown, 

*  He  resided.  It  was  this  circnmstance  that  gave  rise  to  the  idea  that  Wm. 
Penn,  the  son,  was  horn  at  Macroom  Castle.  Ho  was  horn  in  London  the  11th 
of  Octoher,  1644,  that  is  twelve  years  hefore  his  father,  the  Admiral,  went  to  re- 
side at  Macroom. 


120  HISTOET   OF   COBE. 

was  the  property  of  Lord  Muskerry,  who  had  suffered 
much  iu  the  royal  cause,  to  whom  it  was,  therefore, 
restored ;  but  Admiral  Penn  got  more  than  an  equiva- 
lent in  the  Shannagarry  estate,  in  the  barony  of  Imo- 
killy,  in  this  county.  We  learn  from  Mr.  Hepworth 
Dixon's  life  of  William  Penn,  that  the  Admiral's  title 
to  this  estate  was  disputed  by  Colonel  Wallace,  and 
that  his  son  \\  illiam,  the  famous  Quaker,  came  to 
Ireland  to  defend  his  father's  title  before  tho  Lord 
Commissioners,  which  he  did  most  successAilly.  It 
was  on  this  occasion,  as  we  shall  explain  in  our  next 
chapter,  that  he  was  converted  to  Quakerism,  got  into 
prison  in  Cork,  and  turned  out  of  doors  by  his  father. 

A  number  of  Cromwell's  soldiers  became  Quakers ; 
nor  were  these  forgotten  in  the  general  distribution. 
Their  preaching  ability  would  rather  bring  them  into 
favor  with  their  oflScers.  Mr.  Henry  Cromwell,  the 
protector's  son,  who  became  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
Ireland,  informs  Thurloe  that  their  meetings  were 
attended  by  Colonel  Phaire  and  Major  Wallace,  and 
most  of  the  chief  officers  of  Cork.  Major  Hodder, 
the  governor  of  Kinsale,  kept  a  Quaker  to  preach  to 
the  soldiers.  But  this  state  of  things  did  not  out-live 
the  restoration.  The  following  biographical  sketch  of 
Eichard  Pike,  a  Cork  Quaker,  will  be  read  with 
interest : — 

^^  Some  years  after  the  rebellion  of  Ireland,  the 
English  government  sent  an  army  for  the  reduction  of 
the  coimtry;  and  in  or  before  the  year  1648,  my 
father,  then  a  young  man,  became  acquainted  with  an 
officer,  a  captain  of  horse,  who  was  ordered  over.  He 
offered  him  a  small  command,  that  of  a  corporal  in  the 


RICHARD   PIKB,    THE   CORK   QUAKER.  121 

troop ;  which  he,  after  taking  into  consideration, 
accepted,  at  that  time  believing  war  to  be  lawful,  in  a 
just  cause.  He  accordingly  came  to  Ireland,  where 
in  seyeral  military  actions,  he  behaved  himself  with 
great  bravery  and  courage ;  and  while  he  remained  in 
the  army,  was  much  beloved  by  those  who  were  best 
acquainted  with  him,  being  considered  a  man  of  honesty, 
sobriety,  and  justice. 

"When  the  war  was  ended,  he,  with  others,  had 
allotments  of  land  for  their  arrears ;  yet  he  continued 
in  the  army  for  some  time,  until  he  was  convinced  of 
the  Lord's  everlasting  truth;  and  because,  for  con- 
science sake,  he  could  not  use  arms  for  the  destruction 
of  mankind,  he  was  turned  out  of  the  army,  after 
which  he  betook  himself  to  a  country  life. 

"  On  his  marriage,  which  was  before  his  convince- 
ment,  he  considered  of  a  place  of  settlement,  and 
having  been  a  sober,  frugal  man,  he  had  a  handsome 
competency  of  stock  to  begin  with ;  also,  being  ac- 
quainted with  and  beloved  by  many  of  superior  degree, 
they  procured  for  him  a  custodium  upon  a  place  called 
Sarsfield  Court,*  about  four  miles  from  Cork,  a  situation 
which,  at  that  time,  carried  a  prospect  of  considerable 
advantage.  It  was,  however,  taken  from  him  after  he 
joined  in  communion  with  Friends,  about  the  year 
1665,  when  the  Lord  sent  that  faithful  minister  of 
Christ,  Edward  Burrough,  by  whom  both  my  father 
and  my  mother  were  convinced  of  the  truth,  as  pro- 
fessed by  the  Lord's  people  called  Quakers. 

*  SarsJUld  Court.  Nothing  more  than  the  four  walls  of  this  court  or  castle 
ftBim*  It  is  on  the  property  of  Charles  Putland,  Esq.,  in  the  parish  of  Rath- 
iooiiey,  about  one  nule  and  a  half  to  the  north  of  the  Tillage  of  Glanmire,  in.  this 


■» 

I 


122  mSTOBY  OF  COKE. 

^^ After  this  he  took  a  farm,  called  Kiloreagh,  seTen 
miles  west  of  Cork,  where  he  lived  for  some  years,  and 
there  was  I  bom,  the  15th  of  the  11th  month,  called 
January,  1657.  In  the  year  1664,  they  disposed  of 
their  stock  in  the  country,  and  came  to  Cork,  where 
they  kept  a  shop,  and  educated  their  children  reput- 
ably, yet  in  plainness,  according  to  truth,  and  in  every 
respect  they  endeavoured  to  bring  them  up  in  the  nur- 
ture and  fear  of  the  Lord. 

^^  But  to  turn  back  a  little.  Some  time  after  thej 
were  married;  his  father,  not  knowing  he  was  con- 
vinced of  the  truth,  invited  him  over  to  England, 
offering  to  settle  some  estate  on  him  if  he  would  pay 
a  mortgage  that  was  upon  part  of  it.  Accordingly 
they  both  went,  and  were  received  by  their  relations 
with  extraordinary  kindness,  for  upon  their  first  em- 
braces my  father's  hat  fell  off^  so  that  his  father  did 
not  instantly  perceive  he  was  turned  Quaker.  But  in 
a  little  time,  finding  that  my  father  used  the  plain 
language  {thee  and  thou  to  a  single  person)  his  fathei 
grew  angry  and  sour,  and  seemed  to  change  his  mind 
as  to  the  settlement  he  had  promised,  so  they  came 
back  to  Ireland,  and  never,  that  I  heard,  got  anything 
from  him. 

"Now  to  proceed — though  the  government  was 
changed  in  the  year  1660,  when  King  Charles  the 
Second  came  in,  and  thereupon  the  old  persecutors 
were  turned  out ;  yet  the  same  spirit  appeared  in  the 
new  magistrates,  both  in  England  and  Ireland.  Meet- 
ings were  disturbed  and  broken  up,  and  Friends  cast 
into  prison.  Those  who  lived  in  this  city  (Cork)  had 
their  share,  many  being  sent  to  gaol,  wheie  some  con* 


THE  DEATH   OF  BICHARD  PIKE.  123 

tinned  a  long  time ;  among  those  was  my  dear  father, 
who  with  others  heing  closely  confined  and  crowded 
together,  got  a  violent  cold,  which  in  the  end  turned 
to  a  dangerous  distemper,  and  growing  very  weak,  the 
gaoler  not  having  suitable  accommodation  in  prison  for 
him,  by  reason  of  the  throng,  allowed  him  to  go  home 
for  some  days,  where  he  grew  weaker  and  weaker.  I 
well  remember  that  Susanna  Mitchell,  that  worthy 
servant  of  the  Lord  and  mother  in  Israel,  came  on  a 
First-day  morning  to  visit  him— he  dying  the  fifth 
d^y  following, 

"  His  words  were  so  powerful,  and  so  pierced  my 

heart  in  particular,  that  as  soon  as  he  had  done,  I 

remember  I  went  out  of  the  room  into  another,  in 

great  agony  of  spirit.    Some  of  his  exhortations  during 

his  sickness  were  committed  to  writing  and  read  at  his 

burial,  previous  to  which  it  was  advised  that  as  he  had 

been  a  prisoner,  his  corpse  should  be  carried  to  the 

gaol  and  offered  to  the  gaoler,  which  was  accordingly 

done,  and  he  refusing  to  receive  it,  it  was  then  carried 

to  the  grave-yard  and  decently  interred,  his  body  being 

the  first  that  was  laid  there;  and  with  him,  in  the 

Bame  grave,  was  buried  his  youngest  child  Benjamin, 

who  died  either  on  the  same  day  as  his  father,  or  the 

day  following." — See  Life  of  Joseph  Pike^  pp.  2,  3,  4, 6. 


CHAPTER  V. 

SESTOBATION    OP    CHABLES    II. LORD    BBOGHILL CATUOLIC 

FETITIONEBS — WILLIAM    PENN, 

A.D.  1657—1686. 

Thebe  is  a  tide  in  the  affairs  of  nations  as  well  as  men. 
No  one  knew  this  better,  or  watched  the  ebb  and  flow 
of  public  opinion  more  closely  than  my  Lord  Broghill. 
He  was  the  fast  Mend  of  Cromwell  and  the  Conmion- 
wealth,  and  one  of  the  first  to  hail  the  restoration  of 
CharlesII.  He  sends  his  brother,  Francis,* — afterwards 
Lord  Shannon — to  Brussels,  with  a  scrap  of  paper 
"  nicely  quilted  in  the  collar  of  his  doublet,'*  to  inform 
Charles  that  he  has  5000  Protestants  at  his  command. 
Charles,  who  knows  that  General  Monk  and  others,  are 
preparing  the  way  for  his  restoration  in  England,  is 
grateful,  but  declines  the  offer. 

Broghill  is  in  private  treaty  with  Sir  Charles 
Coote,t — who  also  acted  with  Cromwell — ^respecting 
the  time  and  manner  of  declaring  for  the  new  king. 
Sir  Charles  writes  Broghill  to  say  their  private  •*  de- 
sign had  began  to  take  air ; ''  and  he  had  better  lose 

«  FrameiSf  the  fourth  son  of  the  first  Earl  of  Cork,  was  created  Vlacoant  Shu- 
non  in  1660,  which  honor  expired  with  his  grandson  and  laccenor,  but  was 
resumed  in  1756,  by  Henr  j  Boylo,  of  Castlemartyr,  grandson  of  Lord  BroghilL 

t  Sir  CharUs  Coote  was  raised  to  the  peerage,  bj  the  title  of  the  Earl  of  Monnt- 
rath,  in  1661.  His  father,  Sir  Charles,  made  a  surprising  pavafe  through 
Mountrath  woods,  for  the  relief  of  Birr,  in  1642.  Both  Either  and  ion  fought  on 
the  side  of  the  parliament    The  father  was  slain  in  a  tally  at  Trim,  in  1643. 


"  HE  OF  THE  king's  DEATH- WAKBANT."  125 

no  time.  Broghill  is  somewhat  startled,  but  sees  the 
necessity — ^lest  he  should  be  anticipated  by  some  one 
else — so  Charles  is  proclaimed  in  Cork,  on  the  1 8th  of 
May,  and  the  same  day  Colonel  Phaire,  Cromwell^s 
governor  of  Cork,  and  one  with  whom  my  Lord  Brog-- 
hill  had  often  taken  sweet  counsel,  is  sent  prisoner 
to  Dublin  Castle,  and  Colonel  Courthorp  appointed 
governor  in  his  stead. 

Carlyle  calls  Phaire,  or  Phayr,  "  JSfe  of  the  hinges 
ieafhrwarranV^  Whatever  may  have  been  his  acts, 
in  the  a£GEtir  of  the  king's  death,  he  was  a  consistent 
republican.  We  find  him,  as  governor  of  Cork  in 
1654,  and  Colonel  Saunders  as  governor  of  Kinsale, 
dedaring  for  the  English  Parliament,  and  against 
Cromwell,  when  that  great  English  general  and  dic- 
tator entered  the  house,  with  three  hundred  armed 
men,  and  turned  out  the  members.  But  we  do  not 
find  Phaire's  name  among  the  Committee  appointed  to 
Wait  on  Cromwell,  and  ask  him  to  accept  the  crown. 
The  second  name  on  that  list  is  "  Lord  Broghill,"  who 
Was  one  of  the  speakers  in  that  farce  to  "  Advise  your 
%hness  to  assume  the  title  and  office  of  hingP  His 
speech,  which  is  a  long  one,  and  the  Lord  Protector's 
^ply,  may  be  seen  in  an  interesting  work  called 
*' Treason's  Masterpiece;  or,  a  Conference  held  at 
Whitehall,  between  Oliver,  the  late  Usurper,  and  a 
Committee  of  the  then  Pretended  Parliament,  who 
desired  him  to  take  upon  him  the  title  of  the  King 
of  England,  with  an  intent  to  exclude  the  royal  line, 
wherein,"  continues  the  title  page,  which  —  like  a 
JSootch  grace,  is  as  long  as  my  arm — '^many  of  the 
leading  men  of  those  times  did,  by  unanswerable  argu- 


126  HISTOKY  OF  GORE. 

mentSy  assert  and  prove  Monabchy  to  be  the  onljr 
legal,  ancieDt,  and  necessary  form  of  govemment  in 
those  kingdoms."  This  was,  indeed,  beating  the 
Cromwellians  with  their  own  weapons. 

On  the  11th  of  April,  1657,  Lord  Broghill  was  one 
of  a  committee  to  offer  the  crown  to  Cromwell,  in  the 
Palace  of  Whitehall.  In  the  May  of  1660,  he  had  the 
audacity  to  appear  in  the  same  palace,  among  the  Irish. 
nobility,  by  the  side  of  my  Lords  Ormond,  Muskerry, 
Boche,  Castlehayen,  and  a  host  of  loyal  men,  who  met 
there  to  congratulate  the  king  on  his  happy  return ; 
not  only  so,  but  he  took  his  pen  and  expressed  his 
joyful  sentiments,  and  those  of  the  three  kingdoms^  in 
a  poem.  Oh,  shades  of  Cromwell  and  Ireton,  is  this 
the  man  who  ran  to  succour  you  in  the  hour  of  your 
peril  at  Clonmel  and  Limerick?  Is  this  the  man 
whom  you  welcomed  with  vollies,  and  whom  your  sol- 
diers saluted  with  *'  A  Broghill !  a  Broghill ! "  Is  this 
the  hero  of  Knocknaclashy  ?  Tempara  mutaniufj  et  na$ 
mutamur  in  illis.  A  poet  of  a  kindred  spirit  to  his  own, 
who  had  seen  some  of  Broghill's  poetry  in  manuscripty 
writes — 

"  HiB  sacred  poems,  now  bat  in  the  press. 
Will  speak  his  noble  praise  in  fairer  dress." 

Such  genius  and  merit  could  not  fail  of  its  reward  in 
the  court  of  Charles  II.,  who  was  proverbial  for 
neglecting  his  real  friends*  and  rewarding  his  enemies. 
Broghill  was  created  Earl  of  Orrery,  and  was  sworn 
of  the  Privy  Council  of  England  and  Ireland,  and 
appointed,  by  commission,  Lord  President  of  Munster. 
His  commission  bore  date  the  24th  of  April,  1660. 

*  Proverbial  fornegleeting  hit  real  friends. — "Do  good  to  yonr  enemifls,  yoar 
friends  will  not  injure  you/'  was  Clarendon's  advice  to  this  monarch. 


LORD  BBO0HILL  TUENS  LOYALIST.  127 

The  Earl  of  Orrery,  or  Lord  Broghill,  as  we  shall 

contmue  to  call  him,  had  not  left  the  court,  when  a 

iramber  of  Irish  lords  and  gentlemen  petitioned  to  be 

restored  to  their  estates.   A  commission  was  appointed 

to  try  their  claims,  of  which  Broghill — who,  with  his 

brothers,  possessed  the  largest  portion  of  the  forfeited 

estates  of  the  county — was  a  member.    The  petitioners, 

knowing  their  hopes,  were  desperate  with  such  a  man 

as  their  judge,  offered  him  a  bribe  of  j£8,000  in  ready 

money,  and  £7,000  a  year,  provided  he  would  not 

appear  against  them.    Broghill  refused  the  offer.     He 

might  be  required  to  disgorge  more  than  this.    He 

had  lately  got  £1,000   a  year  of  Lord  Muskerry's 

states. 

The  king,  attended  by  the  now  Duke  of  Ormond, 
was  present  at  the  commission.  The  petitioners  were 
represented  by  Sir  Nicholas  Plunket,  who  spoke  of 
their  loyalty,  and  all  they  had  suffered  under  the  late 
nsurper,  Cromwell,  how  unjustly  they  had  been 
deprived  of  their  estates,  and  a  number  of  them  driven 
into  Connaught.  Broghill,  who  was  an  orator  as  well 
w  poet,  stood  up  to  reply.  He  congratulated  his 
niajesty  on  his  happy  return,  and  took  the  opportunity 
of  reminding  him  that  his  Irish  Protestant  subjects 
had  been  among  the  first  to  move  for  his  restoration  ; 
^nd  left  it  to  the  hoard  to  say  whether,  on  that  account, 
they  did  not  deserve  some  favor.  This  was  a  master 
stroke — "on  that  account,"  They  had  been  the  first 
to  bring  back  the  king.  He  then  turned  to  Plunket, 
handed  him  a  paper,  and  said,  "Is  that  your  hand- 
writing ?"  Plunket  is  knocked  all  of  a  heap,  but  has 
to  acknowledge  it.     The  paper  contaiQed  a  declaration 


128  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

of  the  supreme  council,  declaring  their  purpose  to  pro- 
secute the  Lord  Ormond,  the  king's  most  partioular 
friend,  who  is  sitting  by  the  king's  side  at  this  com- 
mission. He  produced  a  second  paper,  which  contained 
instructions  from  the  supreme  council  to  Flunket  and 
others,  to  go  to  Bome,  and  in  their  names  to  ofEer 
Ireland  to  the  Pope.  If  the  Pope  ref ased,  to  the  Eong 
of  Spain.  If  the  Eling  of  Spain  refused,  to  the  King 
of  France.  If  the  King  of  France  refused,  to  the 
Duke  of  Lorrain.  And,  if  he  refused,  to  any  other 
Catholic  prince  who  would  accept  it.  "Are  these 
men,''  said  Broghill,  turning  to  them  with  an  ine&ble 
scowl  of  contempt — "  Are  these  men,  who  have  o£Eeied 
to  give  away  a  kingdom  from  his  majesty,  likely  to 
prove  good  subjects." 

Charles  asked  Broghill  for  the  documents,  perused 
them,  and  declared  he  was  fully  satisfied  the  petitioners 
deserved  all  they  had  suffered ;  and  gave  it  as  his 
decision  that  the  English  should  enjoy  the  estates 
which  the  Irish  had  clearly  forfeited.  In  conclusion^ 
he  was  astonished  at  the  audacity  of  the  petitioners 
appearing  before  him  with  so  much  guilt  upon  their 
consciences ;  so  they  were  dismissed  in  disgrace  from 
the  royal  presence.  Was  ever  audacity  more  trium- 
phant. Would  no  one  get  up  and  ask  who  it  was  that 
offered  the  crown  and  kingdom  to  Cromwell  ? 

The  petitioners  made  a  mistake  in  selecting  Plunket 
— who  was  mixed  up  with  the  ultramontane  party— 
as  their  leader.  But  Ormond,  who  was  present| 
should  have  explained  to  the  king — we  conclude  tiiat 
he  did  so  afterwards — that  a  large  ntunber  of  the 
petitioners  had  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  violent 


LOBD   BROaKILL's  PLOTS.  129 

proceedings  of  Binnucini,  or  what  was  styled  the  Su- 
preme Council.  The  objects  of  the  Confederates,  as 
we  have  shown  by  their  printed  declaration,  were 
loyal,  constitutional,  and  reasonable.  ^^  Their  claim," 
says  Carlyle,  who  worshipped  Cromwell,  "was  for 
religious  freedom.  Their  claim,  we  can  now  all  see, 
tacujuatf  essentially  ^ty  though  fdl  of  intricacy.''  Of 
this  intricacy  Lord  Broghill  took  advantage. 

There  were  some  concessions  made  to  Catholics  this 
year.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  of  Youghal  were 
allowed,  by  letters  patent,  bearing  date  the  14th  of 
February,  1660,  to  take  possession  of  the  property  of 
which  they  had  been  deprived  during  the  common- 
wealth, they  being  certified  "Innocent  Papists."  The 
Duke  of  Ormond  succeeded,  in  the  May  of  1661,  in 
getting  Lord  Muskerry  restored  to  his  honors,  and 
most  of  his  estates ;  but  Castlemore  and  some  other 
places  remained  in  the  possession  of  Broghill  and  other 
English  adventurers. 

Lord  Broghill  displayed  great  zeal  in  the  discovery 
of  Popish  plots,  and  in  the  hunting  up  and  driving  out 
all  sorts  of  fanatics.     He  was  the  Irish  Titus  Gates  of 
his  day.     Maurice  says,    "  The  Lord  Orrery,  in  order 
effectually  to  keep  all  things  quiet  in  the  province,  had 
several  spies  placed  up  and  down,  to  whom  he  allowed 
annual  pensions,  who  gave  him  constant  intelligence 
of  all  things  that  stirred,  and  by  this  means  he  dis- 
covered  the  above  mentioned  plot  " — to  seize    the 
castle  of  Dublin.     It  appears  from  the  following  letter 
of  Charles  L  to  Orrery  that  there  was  something  in 
fliis  plot  to  seize  Dublin  castle : — 


VOL.  II. 


1 


130  HISTORY   OF  CORK. 

"  WhitehaU,  June  l3th,  1663. 

"  My  Lord  op  Orrery, 

"  Though  I  had,  before  I  received  yours  of 
May  28rd,  a  relation  of  the  conspiracy  against  the 
castle  of  Dublin,  from  my  Lord  of  Ormond,  as  also  of 
the  part  you  had  in  the  discovery  of  it ;  yet  I  was 
glad  to  read  in  yours  many  more  particulars,  especially 
for  the  application  you  used  to  prevent  the  further 
growth  of  this  villany,  which  was  so  much,  according 
to  my  judgment,  that  I  cannot  but  recommend  to  yon 
the  same  manner  of  proceeding,  if  we  shall  be  so 
unhappy  as  to  meet  with  any  more  such  occasions. 

^^  In  the  meantime,  I  desire  you  to  be  assured,  that  I 
have  all  the  value  I  ought  for  your  affection  to  my 
service,  and  that  1  shall,  on  all  occasions,  requite  it,  as 

"  Your  very  affectionate  friend, 

«  Charles  R" 

The  earl  thinks  he  has  discovered  another  plot^ 
though,  we  suspect,  that  this  time  he  found  a  maie's 
nest,  but,  if  a  real  plot,  the  most  horrible,  in  Charles' 
estimate,  of  any  which  had  preceded  it,  namely,  to 
restore  the  Long  Parliament.  There  were  forty  mem- 
bers in  the  plot,  who  called  themselves  the  Old  Blade$y 
for  they  set  themselves  to  buy  up  all  the  old  armour  in 
the  country.  Ludlow  was  to  be  general  ;*  the  Dutch 
were  to  join  them.  They  were  to  kill  all  who  opposed 
them,  to  pull  down  the  king  and  his  lords ;  and  instead 
of  bishops,  to  set  up  a  "  sober  ministry." 

*  Ludlow  was  to  he  gemral.  This  honest  and  conBisteiit  repnUican  narnnrlj 
escaped  being  arrested  at  the  restoration.  He  fled  to  Dieppe,  and  from  tlienee  to 
Switzerland.  He  returned  to  Engluid  in  1689,  where  he  was  again  threatantd 
with  arrest,  and  therefore  fled  to  Venice,  where  he  died  in  1603,  aged  73.  Hii 
independence  rendered  him  obnoxious  to  Cromwell,  who  had  him  tent  to  Irelaiid. 


THE   QUAXBRS  IMPBIS019ED.  131 

The  proof  of  this  terrible  conspiracy  is  by  no  means 
clear.     A  man  named  Brown,  a  republican — or  Inde- 
pendent, we  suspect — comes  to  an  ensign  Tambler, 
and  after  many  groans    and    lamentations    on    the 
depravity  of  the  age,  tells  him  of  the  plot ;  Tambler 
tells  his  wife ;  his  wife  tells  her  friend,  Mrs.  Captain 
OHver,    whom  she  binds  to  secrecy;   Mrs.  Captain 
cannot  keep  such  a  terrible  secret  from  her  husband ; 
Captain  Oliver  tells  it  to  the  Duke  of  Ormond,  and 
the  duke  sends  the  captain  to  Lord  Orrery,  who  was 
over  the  state  plot  department.   We  have  now  iirformed 
the  reader  all  we  know  of  this  terrible  plot,  and  all 
any  one  else  knows  of  it,  save  and  except  the  afore- 
mentioned Brown.     There  is  one  suspicious  circum- 
itance  we  omitted  to  mention,  there  were  arms  found  in 
Smsmiths^  homes  !    Guns  we  suspect. 

His  lordship,  in  his  character  of  President  of  Mun- 
Bter,  summoned  the  bishop,  mayor,  aldermen,  principal 
citizens,  and  officers  of  the  line  and  militia,  to  meet 
him  in  Cork  on  a  certain  day  in  Jime,  1667.  They 
came,  when  he  harangued  them  on  the  burning  of  the 
fleet  at  Chatham,  and  concluded  by  ordering  them  "to 
suppress  all  conventicles  in  the  city  and  suburbs,  and 
to  seize  and  punish,  according  to  law,  all  those  who 
either  conducted,  or  attended  such  services.  It  was 
on  this  occasion  that  Lowe,  and  his  disciple,  William 
I^emi,  the  famous  Quaker,  were  committed  to  the 
public  gaol.  Doctor  Smith  calls  Lowe  a  quarter- 
inaster,  who  had  lately  come  from  England.  Mr. 
Hepworth  Dixon  speaks  of  him  as  Penn's  "  old  college 
friend,  Thomas  Loe." 
"About  this  period,"  says  Crofton  Croker,  "the 


132  HISTORY  OP  CORK. 

sect  called  Quakers  appeared  in  Cork,  and  there  one  of 
its  most  eminent  members  first  became  a  convert  to 
those  opinions,  which  he  afterwards  carried  into  legis- 
lative effect — ^I  speak  of  the  illustrious  William  Fenn. 
Curiosity  induced  him  to  visit  a  religious  meeting 
where  the  doctrines  of  Quakerism  were  explained  by 
Thomas  Lowe,  who  expatiated  with  so  much  force  on 
the  text,  *  There  is  a  faith  that  overoometh  the  world, 
and  there  is  a  faith  that  is  overcome  by  the  world,' 
as  to  make  a  proselyte  of  Penn,  who  constantly  after- 
wards attended  their  meetings,  and  assumed  the  garb 
of  the  society.  Colonel  Phaire,  the  governor  of  Cork, 
and  several  of  the  republican  soldiers  in  the  garrison, 
also  became  converts  to  the  same  tenets. 

"  On  the  3rd  of  September,  1667,  Penn,  being  at  a 
meeting  in  that  city,  was  apprehended,  with  many 
others,  and  carried  before  the  mayor — Timothy  Tuokey 
—who,  observing  his  dress  was  less  primitive  than 
that  of  his  companions,  or  perhaps  recollecting  that  his 
father.  Sir  William  Penn,  was  a  man  of  considerable 
power  and  iufluence  both  in  the  country  and  in 
England,  would  have  set  him  at  liberty  upon  giving 
bond  for  his  future  good  behaviour,  which  Penn  refused 
to  do,  and  was  committed  with  eighteen  others  to  the 
common  prison.  Immediately  on  his  commitment,  he 
wrote  a  manly  letter  to  Lord  Orrery,  President  of 
Munster,  then  at  Charleville,  who  ordered  his  dis- 
charge, but  suffered  his  fellow-prisoners  to  remain 
until  released  in  the  due  course  of  law. 

"  Amongst  the  early  religious  associates  of  Penn 
was  John  Exham,  distinguished  by  the  name  of  ^  the 
Quaker  Prophet,'  an  eccentric  fanatic,  originally  a 


JOHN  EXHAH^  THE  MAD  QUAKEB.       133 

soldier  nnder  Cromwell,  but  who,  on  the  appearance  of 
Quakerism,  took  a  leading  part  in  the  dissemination  of 
its  paoific  doctrines.  His  enthusiasm  was  so  great, 
about  the  time  of  Fenn's  imprisonment,  that  he  walked 
through  the  streets,  his  head  covered  with  sackcloth 
and  ashes,  preaching  repentance  and  amendment  of 
life,  for  which  he  suffered  a  long  and  severe  imprison- 
ment"—C^o*^r'^  ^^  South  oflreUnd^'^  p.  198. 

The  three  paragraphs  we  have  quoted  irom  Crofton 
Cioker — a  most  pleasant  and  interesting  writer — con- 
tain, for  certain,  two,  and  we  strongly  suspect,  three 
mistakes.  There  is  no  such  text  in  the  bible  as  Croker 
quotes : — ^'  There  is  a  faith  that  overcomes  the  world, 
and  there  is  a  faith  that  is  overcome  of  the  world." 
the  words  which  report  says  were  the  means  of 
Penn's  conversion  to  Quakerism,  occur  in  the  first 
epistle  of  John,  fifth  chapter  and  fourth  verse,  and 
read  thus : — ^^  Thu  is  the  victory  that  overcometh  the 
^orldj  even  our  faithP  Again,  Colonel  Phaire,  whom 
Croker  represents  as  the  governor  of  Cork,  and  a 
eouTert  to  Quakerism  at  this  time,  was  arrested  and 
sent  to  Dublin  six  years  before  this.  Again,  as  this 
Was  the  first  time  that  William  Penn  —  who  had 
Wi  sent  over  from  England  to  Cork  to  look  after 
liis  father's  Irish  property — ^had  met  the  Quakers, 
We  do  not  see  how  John  Exham,  the  mad  Quaker,  can 
^  classed  among  Penn's  early  religious  associates, 
f  enn  was  by  no  means  a  mad,  but,  on  the  contrary,  a 
XQost  sober-minded  Quaker. 

John  Exham,  the  prophet,  predicted  a  judgment  on 
lord  Orrery,  or  rather  on  his  house^  which  had  a  re- 
markable fulfilment.    His  lordship  had  built  a  stately 


134  HISTOBT  OF  CORK. 

mansion  at  Bathgogan,  now  Charleyille  —  the  name 
was  changed  in  honor  of  Charles  II. — ^Exham  stood 
before  the  door  and  denounced  a  curse  upon  the  build- 
ing. His  lordship's  servants  were  about  to  lay  yiolent 
hands  on  the  prophet,  when  his  lordship  interfered  to 
saye  him,  which  induced  the  poor  crazed  man  to  modify 
his  malediction  and  say,  ^^  The  evil  shall  not  he  in  U^ 
dayeP  The  house  was  burned  to  the  ground  by  tha 
Irish,  twenty-three  years  after  this,  in  1690,  by  order 
of  the  Duke  of  Berwick,  son  of  James  II.,  after  dining 
there. 

Lord  Orrery  had  now  attained  the  meridian  of  terres- 
trial honor,  and  his  sun  began  to  decline.  The  year 
after  the  curse — if  the  reader  will  excuse  our  datinfi^ 
from  such  an  event — ^his  lordship  was  required  to  sur- 
render his  commission  as  Lord  President  of  Munster. 
He  received  intimation  after  this  that  his  credit  at 
court  was  on  the  decline,  and  posted  off  to  London  to 
bolster  it  up.  While  in  London  he  is  seized  with  the 
gout,  and  while  in  the  gout,  informed,  by  the  Master- 
at-arms,  that  articles  are  laid  before  the  House  of 
Commons  impeaching  him  of  treason.  He  must  attend 
to  defend  himself  notwithstanding  the  gout.  A  friend 
meets  him,  hobbling  up  the  steps  from  Westminster 
Hall  to  the  Court  of  Bequests,  and  remarks  on  his 
weakness.  "  Yes,  sir,"  said  old  Orrery,  with  all  the 
fiery  and  boastful  spirit  of  young  Broghill,  "  my 
feet  are  weak,  but  if  my  heels  will  serve  to  cany  me 
up,  I  promise  you  my  head  shall  bring  me  down  again." 
He  was  right.  He  managed  to  escape,  principally 
through  the  influence  of  Lord  Inchiquin. 

After  this,  we  are  told,  ^^  his  lordship  oonoemed 


THE   FALL  A3XJ>  DEAIH   OF  OBREBY.  135 

himself  but  little  with  public  affidrs,  but  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  in  a  christian  preparation  for  eter- 
nity."    He  died  at  Castlemartyr,  in  the  October  of 
1679y  in  the  fifty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  The  following 
lines,  entitled  ^^  Minerva's  Check  to  the  Author,  for 
attempting  to  write  an  Elegy  on  the  Bight  Honorable 
and  much-to-be-lamented  Boger,  first  Earl  of  Orrery, 
were  printed  in  London  in  1680."     We  shall  only 
quote  a  few  of  them,  for  the  reader  will  agree  with 
1X8,  that  in  this  instance  Minerya  herself  requires  a 
"  check  " ; — 

'*  That  news  hath  winds  we  every  day  doth  find, 
And  ill  doth  erer  leave  the  beet  behind ; 
Admire  not  then  the  death  of  Orrery ; 
Benown'd  all's  days,  should  in  a  moment  flie 
Both  far  and  near,  the  world  to  terrifie, 
At.  Cork,  at  Dnblin,  London,  and  at  Paris 
Too  soon't  arrives,  and  Borne,  bat  there  ne'er  tarries, 
TUl  at  both  Indies,  or  where'er  more  &r  is." 

The  Earl  of  Orrery  was  succeeded  by  his  son 

lionel,  who  does  not  appear  to  have  taken  any  active 

part  in  public  afiEeiirs.     He  died,  without  issue,  on  the 

28rd  of  August,  1703,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 

krother,  Charles,  who  was  created  a  peer  of  England, 

by  the  title  of  "Baron  Boyle  of  Marston.     It  was,  from 

this  son  that  the  sphere,  or  astronomical  machine, 

ealled  an  Orrery,  derived  its  name ;    although  the 

credit  of  the  invention  belongs  to  Mr.  George  Graham, 

a  watch-maker  in  London.    Mr.  Desaguliers,  in  his 

course  of  experimental  philosophy,  4to.,  London  1734, 

i,  p.  431,  remarks,    "This  machine,  being  in  the 

hands  of  an  instrument  maker,  to  be  sent  with  some  of 

his  own  instruments  to  Prince  Eugene,  he  copied  it. 


136  HISIOBY  07  GOBK. 

and  made  the  first  for  the  late  Earl  of  Orrery,  and 
then  several  others,  with  additions  of  his  own," 

Planetary  machines  were  used  by  the  Chinese  at  a 
very  remote  period,  and  by  Archimedes  and  FosidoninSy 
to  which  Cicero  makes  reference  in  a  passage,  from 
which  Faley  may  have  borrowed  his  idea  of  the 
watch: — 

'^  If  the  sphere  lately  made  by  our  friend  Fosidonina, 
which  marks  the  course  of  the  sun,  and  the  moon,  and 
the  five  wandering  stars,  were  to  be  transported  into 
Scythia,  or  to  Britain^  who — even  in  those  barbarwB 
countries — would  doubt,  whether  reason  had  presided 
over  its  construction  ?  Yet  these  people — the  Epicu- 
reans— doubt  whether  the  universe,  whence  all  things 
arise  and  are  made,  is  not  the  effect  of  chance,  or  of 
some  necessity,  rather  than  of  reason,  and  a  Dwbm 
Mind.  And  they  regard  Archimedes  as  more  desenr- 
ing  of  praise  in  imitating  the  changes  of  the  sphere, 
than  Nature  in  producing  them." — De  Nat.  De&r.  Vh. 
ii.,  cap.  34  tg  35. 

The  Catholics  were  treated  with  as  much  harshness 
during  Charles'  reign  as  during  Cromwell's  usuipaticnu 
This  was  not  so  much  the  fault  of  the  king  as  of  the 
laws  and  the  times,  which  he  could  not  change.  An 
imprudent  and  illegal,  but  conscientious  effort  to  reUeve 
his  co-religionists  from  this  thraldom  lost  James  II.  his 
crown.  Charles,  with  more  wisdom,  and  less  oon« 
scientiousness,  left  these  things  to  mend  themselves. 
He  was  too  lax  and  indifferent--  we  shall  not  say  en- 
lightened— ^to  persecute  any  man  for  his  creed,  but 
there  was,  notwithstanding,  a  great  deal  of  persecution 
under  his  reign,  both  in  Enghmd  and  Ireland. 


PROCLAMATION  AGAINST  CATHOLICS.  137 

A  proolamation  was  issued  in  1673,  forbidding 
CaHiolies  to  enter  the  cities  of  Dublin,  Cork,  Water- 
ford^  or  Limerick.  By  another  proclamation,  they  were 
ordered  to  be  remoyed  from  all  walled  towns.  We 
conclude,  from  the  frequency  of  these  proclamations, 
and  the  clearing  out  of  the  Catholic  inhabitants,  that 
their  re-admission  was  winked  at  by  the  general 
body  of  the  Protestants.  In  1677  there  was  another 
proclamation  compelling  the  Irish  to  hold  their  mar- 
kets without  the  walls.  If  admitted  in  too  great 
mimbers,  they  might  overmaster  the  city,  for  Titus 
Gates  and  his  imaginary,  or  rather  manufactured  popish 
plots  were  in  yogue  at  this  time,  and  Cork  was  not 
behind  Derry,  Kilkenny,  or  Limerick  in  declaring  their 
abhorrence  and  detestation  of  ^^  theploty  This  loyal 
abhorrence  was  expressed  in  the  June  of  1682. 

We  have  no  event  of  more  importance  with  which 
to  close  transactions  of  this  reign  than  the  occurrence 
of  "a  most  severe  frost"  in  1683.  "The  river  Lee  was 
frozen  for  many  weeks,  and  carriages  passed  over  from 
the  ferry  slip  to  the  east  marsh." 

Doctor  Smith,  who  is  followed  by  Mr.  Tuckey  and 
others,  erroneously  closes  this  reign  in  1683,  instead 
of  1686. 


CHAPTER    VI. 


JAJCES   II. — WILLIAM   III. 


A.D.  1686—1690. 


NoTHiNa  could  be  more  anomalotLS  than  the  condition 
of  James  II.  on  ascending  the  English  throne.  He,  a 
professed  and  sincere  Catholic,  stands  pledged*  to 
enforce  laws  which  bear  heavily  against  all  dissenters 
£rom  the  established  faith,  and  against  those  of  his 
own  persnasionf  in  particular.  It  is  difficult  to  decide 
whether  he  was  more  to  blame  in  taking  or  in  break- 
ing such  a  pledge.  The  *  temptations  in  both  cases 
were  great — in  one  a  temporal,  and  in  the  other  a 
spiritual  crown. 

But  haying  once  decided  on  breaking  or  repudiating 
what  he  may  have  esteemed  a  sinM  compromise,  he 
acted  boldly  and  above  board,  "The  king,"  says 
Hume,  "  went  openly,  and  with  all  the  ensigns  of  his 
dignity,  to  mass,  an  illegal  meeting."  He  even  sent 
Caryl,  his  agent,  to  Kome,  to  pave  the  way  for  the  re- 
admission  of  England  into  the  bosom  of  the  Catholic 
church.    Innocent  XI.  advised  the  king  not  to  be  toa 

•  Fledged. — ''The  first  act  of  James's  reign  was  to  assemble  thepriTy-oanneflv. 
where  he  made  professions  of  his  resolution  to  maintain  the  estabushed  fgcmor^ 
ment,  both  in  church  and  state."— ^tfm0^«  Hutory  of  England^  ToLyiii.  p.  SMM. 

t  Ht9  own  perauation,  ''  We  are  told  " — said  the  Quakers,  in  thoir  addrev— 
«( that  thou  art  not  of  the  persuasion  of  the  Church  of  England.  No  nuNre  m 
we ;  wherefore,  we  hope  thou  wilt  grant  us  tiie  same  liberty  which  thon  iUoweit 
thyself ;  which  doing,  we  wish  thee  all  manner  of  happineaB." 


F 


JAMES  n«'S  DETEEIONATION.  139 

precipitate ;  Bonqtdllo  yentored  to  remonstrate,  and 
say  that  churchmen  were  too  busy  at  court.  ^^  Is  it 
not  the  custom  in  Spain/'  said  James,  ^^  for  the  king 
to  consult  with  his  confessor  ?" — "  It  is,"  replied  the 
witty  Frenchman,  ^^  and  for  that  very  reason  our  affairs 
sncceed  so  ill." 

But  James  was  resolyed,  in  spite  of  friend  and  foe, 
to  press  boldly  forward  in  the  re-conversion  of  the 
English  nation,  and  take  the  bull  by  the  horns.  Had 
he  known  the  nature  and  strength  of  that  animal,  he 
would  never  have  attempted  anything  so  desperate  or 
fool-hardy.  James  was  not  the  man  to  take  any  sort 
of  bull  by  the  horns.  Henry  VIII.  might  do  it, 
before  the  animal  had  become  quite  conscious  of  its 
strength ;  and  Oliver  Cromwell  might  do  it  after  this, 
in  his  own  cunning  way,  by  going  round  and  round 
about  the  bull.  But  to  face  the  animal,  and  to  flaunt 
a  scarlet  robe  or  a  pair  of  purple  stockings  between  his 
very  eyes,  was  positive  madness.  He  dashed  upon  the 
royal  tauridor  and  threw  him  right  over  the  barriers ; 
causing  him  to  flee  for  safety  to  the  feet  of  the  Grand 
Monarch  of  France,  who  had  watched  the  whole  pro- 
ceeding with  the  most  sovereign  equanimity. 

But  James  did  not  allow  to  others  the  same  liberty 
of  conscience  which  he  sought  for  himself  and  his 
fellow-religionists.  We  flnd  him  superseding  his  own 
brother-in-law — Henry,  second  Earl  of  Clarendon — in 
the  government  of  Ireland,  as  he  would  not  change 
his  religion.  Friendship,  gratitude,  and  even  the  ties 
of  kindred  were  sacriflced  on  the  altar  of  his  faith. 
This  nobleman,  who  received  the  freedom  of  the  city 
of  Cork  in  a  gold  box  in  1685,  was  removed  from  the 


/  •' 


140  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

Lord  Lieutenancy  of  Lreland  in  1686,  to  give  place  to 
Bichard,  Duke  of  Tyrconnell,  better  known  as  '^  Lying 
Dick  Talbot/'  who  had  not  the  virtue  of  being  faithful 
to  his  too-confiding  master.  Hallam  says,  *^  he  looked 
at  his  master's  interests  in  subordinatioir  to  those  of 
his  own."  I  believe,  there  is  no  doubt,  that  he  at  one 
time  indulged  the  ambitious  thought  of  placing  the 
crown  of  Lreland  on  his  own  head.* 

Writs  of  quo-warranto  were  issued  in  1686,  under 
the  administration  of  Tyrconnell,  against  all  the  Cor- 
porations of  Ireland  this  year,  and  judgment  entered 
against  most  of  the  charters.  Catholics,  under  the 
new  regime,  were  admitted  to  the  privileges  of  free- 
men, but  we  do  not  find  that  Protestants  were  dis* 
franchised.  The  agents  employed  in  this  affair  were 
Sir  Bichard  Nagle  of  Annakissy,  and  the  Chief  Baron 
Bice.  Doctor  Smith  styles  them  ^'  the  fittest  instrue- 
ments  to  carry  on  this  work." 

Sir  Bichard's  character  does  not  impress  the  reader 
with  any  idea  of  his  clemency.  Sir  Thomas  South- 
well, of  Castle  Mattress,  in  the  county  Limerick,  was 
sentenced  to  death  at  Oalway.  King  James  having 
resolved  to  grant  him  a  pardon,  was  told  by  Sir  Bichard 
that  it  was  out  of  his  power,  that  the  act  of  attainder 
was  a  bar  to  the  royal  prerogative  of  mercy.  The 
king  persisted,  notwithstanding,  in  granting  the  pardon* 
This  Sir  Thomas  lived  to  become  Baron  Southwell.^ 

•  I%4  eroum  of  Ireland  on  Mt  own  Imd.  He  waa  in  treaty  with  BoBrepofi  m 
French  agent,  on  this  subject.  M.  Mazore  has  brought  this  fact  to  ligld.  Me 
his  Hut.  de  la  Btvolut.,  ii.,  281288 ;  iii.,  430. 

t  Baron  Southti  fy  of  Castle  Mattress,  was  eleTated  to  the  peerage  of  IrdMd. 


sell  wiro  and  aqua-Yit».    The  Soathwella  of  Kinsale  were  diatinguiihed 
hoapit      '. 


THE  BANDQNIANS  REVOLT.  141 

The  Lord  Lieutenant  Tyrconnell  visited  Cork  in 
1686,  and  was  sumptuously  entertained  by  the  new 
corporation,  presided  over  by  Christopher  Crofts,  as 
chief  magistrate. 

The  tabled  were  now  turned  on  the  Protestants.  The 
Catholics  began  to  display  their  loyalty  by  robbing  the 
sassanachs  of  their  flocks  and  herds,  being  accompanied 
in  some  of  their  raids  by  pipers,  who  gave  them  music 
for  their  mutton. 

The  townsmen  of  Bandon,  who  had  disarmed  the 
royalist  garrison,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Daniel 
O'Neill,  were  fined  £1,000,  "  with  the  demolition  of 
their  walhj  which  were  then  razed  to  the  ground^  and 
never  since  rebuilt^  Tyrconnell  thought  they  got  off 
too  cheap.  In  a  letter,  dated  March  1 0th,  1G89,  he 
regrets  that  Clancarty  had  entered  into  a  treaty  with 
the  people  of  Bandon  till  the  authors  of  the  assault 
upon  the  garrison  had  been  brought  to  justice. 

It  was  Lieutenant-general  Justin  Mac  Carthy  that 
was  employed  to  punish  the  Bandonians.  We  have  a 
graphic  description  of  this  affair  from  the  pen  of  Joseph 
Pike.  "  The  English  of  Bandon  revolted,  and  turned 
out  the  Irish  garrison,  upon  which  an  army  of  Irish 
horse  and  foot  gathered  at  Cork  to  reduce  them. 
Justin  Mac  Carthy,  afterwards  Lord  Mountcashel,* 
commanded  them.  Before  they  went  towards  Bandon^ 
some  of  the  soldiers  or  others,  laid  a  design  to  plunder 
the  house  of  Bichard  Terry,  who  lived  out  of  the  South 

♦  Ju9t%n  Mac  Carthy y  afterwards  Lord  MountcasheJ  — ^We  conelude  he  was  so 
ereated  by  James  II.  in  Cork,  when  taking  charge  of  the  5001  croops  that  formed 
the  first  instalment  of  the  Irish  Brigade.  He  was  afterwards  badly  wounded  and 
■lade  prisoner  by  the  Enniskilleners  at  Newtown-Batler,  from  whom  he  escaped^ 
He  was  accused  of  breaking  his  parole,  hat  was  tried  and  acquitted  by  a  Omrt  of 
Honor,  in  France.    He  di^  in  France  of  a  wound  roceiyed  in  the  chest  9 ' '  ^uToy. 


142  HISTORY  OF  OOHK. 

Gate,  at  the  Bed  Abbej,  and,  in  order  thereto,  got 
into  the  tower  there,  and  made  some  shots  out  of  it^ 
then  gave  out  that  the  English  were  gathering  there, 
to  rise  with  the  Bandon  people ;  upon  which  abundance 
of  Irish  gathered,  and  a  hideous  noise  there  was ;  and 
thereupon  the  designers  plundered  the  house. 

"  I  remember,  that  at  the  very  time  of  this  hurly- 
burly,  my  cousin,  Samuel  Bandall  and  I,  walking  on 
the  Custom-house  quay,  saw  a  multitude  of  people,  but 
knew  not  the  cause  of  their  assembling ;  and  hastening 
into  town  we  found  the  troopers  riding  violently  along 
the  streets,  with  drawn  swords ;  the  soldiers  running 
to  arms ;  the  Irish  in  an  uproar,  crying  out  *  The 
Bandon  people  are  come,  and  killing  thousands  out  of 
South  Gate ; '  others,  in  confusion,  cried  out  *  Kill 
them  all,  kill  them  all,'  and  some  looked  wickedly 
upon  us  two,  with  countenances  full  of  mischief ;  yet 
we  got  safely  through  them  to  my  house.  During  this 
time  of  confusion,  many  husbands  left  their  families  and 
houses  and  ran  on  board  the  first  ship  they  could  get, 
as  did  also  many  women  and  children,  as  believing  the 
English  would  be  all  slain.  The  ships  sailing  directly 
for  England  carried  the  news  that  all  the  English  were 
murdered ;  but  in  a  little  time  this  confusion  ceased, 
when  the  true  cause  was  known." — Life  of  Joseph  Bikt^ 
pp.  51,  52. 

The  Clancarty  here  mentioned  was  Donough,  liie 
fourth  earl.  The  Lord  of  Muskerry,  who  was  oreated 
Earl  of  Clancarty  by  Charles  II.,  died  in  London  in 
1665.  He  had  three  sons,  Charles,  Callaghan,  and 
Justin.  Charles  was  slain  in  a  sea-fight  with  the 
Dutch,  in  June  2nd,  1665.    He  was  a  great  favorite 


Ui" 


DONOUGH  MACCARTHY.  143 

of  the  Duke  of  York,  and  was  interred  at  Westminster. 
His  son,  Charles  James,  died  a  minor,  and  his  uncle, 
Callaghan,  who  had  been  educated  in  France,  became 
Earl  of  Clancarty.  He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter 
to  the  Earl  of  Kildare,  by  whom  he  had  four  daugh- 
ters and  one  son,  named  Donough,  the  fourth  earl. 
This  Donough  was  educated  by  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  and  bred  up  carefully  at  Oxford.  His 
uncle,  Justin,  (without  the  knowledge  of  his  friends) 
married  him,  when  not  more  than  sixteen  years  of  age, 
to  the  Earl  of  Sunderland's  daughter,  and  sent  him 
into  this  kingdom,  where  he  continued  a  Protestant, 
until  the  arrival  of  Tyrconnel,  by  whom  he  was  made 
Lieutenant-General  of  the  Horse.  " 

But  this  was  no  more  than  a  name,  for  he  must  pro- 
vide himself  with  horses,  arms,  and  men.  Of  men  he 
had  no  lack,  but  of  arms  and  horses  he  stood  sadly  in 
need.  To  provide  arms  he  made  a  night  assault  upon 
the  city  of  Cork,  and  disarmed  all  the  Protestants. 
The  horses  he  seized  in  the  neighbouring  towns  and 
villages.  He  attacked  Castlemartyr,  the  residence  of 
Colonel  Boyle,  where  he  took  the  horses  and  arms  of  a 
hundred  and  forty  gentlemen,  who  made  no  resistance. 
He  seized  the  property  of  poor  as  well  as  rich.  A 
Mallow  butcher,  whose  horse  had  been  forcibly  carried 
oflF,  sought  and  obtained  legal  reparation.  The  judge 
required  the  Irish  nobleman  to  make  restitution.  He 
sent  a  number  of  his  troopers  to  Mallow,  to  do 
so.  They  tossed  the  butcher  in  a  blanket,  till  they 
bumped  and  bruised  him  to  death.  The  butcher's 
family  got  compensation  for  the  murder  from  King 
William,  who  granted  them  j£600  per  annum  of  Mac 


144  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

CarjUiy's  estate.    The  lands  were  called,  '^  Tie  eiUUe 
of  the  Butcher  of  Canscience.^^ 

It  was  the  policy  of  James  and  his  Mend,  Louis,  to 
make  Ireland  a  royal  arsenal,  as  well  as  a  place  of 
refuge.    We  may  say  with  Yirgil — 

'<  Hicillius  anna;  hiB  oumis  fuit." 

'*  ^oc  regnum  Dea  gentibos  esse 
Si  qua  fata  smanti  jam  torn  tenditque  fonetque." 

Of  all  towns  in  Ireland,  Kinsale  was  the  most 
favoured  by  foreign  landings.  James  II.  came  from 
France  to  Kinsale  on  the  12th  of  March,  1689.  He 
was  accompanied  by  the  famous  French  ambassador, 
Count  Avaux,  whose  duty  it  was  to  regulate  all  the 
movements  of  the  royal  fugitive.  He  left  Kinsale  on 
the  14th  for  Cork,  where  he  was  hailed  with  enthu- 
siasm. The  following  entry  from  the  Cork  Gh*and  Jury 
Book,  12th  March,  1688  :— 

"  We  present  that  four  hundred  and  twenty  pounds 
be  raised  in  the  County  of  Cork,  to  be  paid  to  George 
Crofts,  Esq.,  who  is  forthwith  to  furnish  the  French 
fleet  with  fifty  fat  oxen,  and  four  hundred  fat  weathers ; 
the  same  to  be  given  to  the  admiral,  officers,  and  sea- 
men of  the  said  fleet,  as  a  small  acknowledgment  of 
the  universal  thanks  due  to  them  from  this  kingdom 
in  general,  but  from  us,  more  particularly,  for  trans- 
porting his  Majesty  hither,  we  having  the  first  bless- 
ings of  his  Majesty's  presence  in  this  country,  for 
which  we  and  our  posterity  shall  ever  praise  Qod* 
George  Crofts  to  be  satisfied  for  grazing  the  said 
cattle  till  the  return  of  the  French  fleef 

James  was  met  by  Donough,  Earl  of   Claneaiiyi 


JAMES  LEAVES  CORK  FOB  DUBLIN.  145 

whom  he  appointed  one  of  the  lords  of  the  bed- 
chamber,  making  his  regiment  a  regiment  of  guards. 

Five  thousand  French  troops  landed  in  Kinsale  the 
day  James  left  for  Cork,  under  the  command  of  Count 
Lauzun  and  the  Marquis  de  Lary,  to  replace  which 
James  sent  over  5,270  Irish,  under  the  command  of 
General  Mac  Carthy.  Here  we  have  the  first  instal- 
ment of  the  famous  Irish  Brigade. 

James  was  delayed  in  Cork  about  a  fortnight,*  for 
want  of  horses  and  baggage  carts*  Avaux  says  it 
took  days  to  draw  the  money — ^which  he  brought  fix)m 
France — ^from  Kinsale  to  Dublin,  although  the  amount 
was  by  no  means  considerable.  It  is  probable  there 
was  more  brass  than  silver  and  gold  in  the  military 
chests. 

He  arrived  in  Dublin  on  the  24th  of  March,  where 
he  assembled  a  parliament,  and  in  his  speech  from  the 
throne,  thanked  the  Irish  for  their  courage,  loyalty, 
and  zeal,  extolled  the  generosity  of  the  French  king, 
and  insisted  on  his  design  of  establishing  liberty  of 
conscience.  Some  very  popular  measures  were  enacted 
on  this  occasion.  Among  the  most  so,  was  one  declar- 
ing Ireland  independent  of  the  English  parliament ; 
another  exempted  all  dissenters  from  ecclesiastical 
jurisdiction ;  and  another,  that  the  tithes  payable  by 
Catholics  should  be  given  to  the  clergymen  of  that 
oommunion. 

A  bill  was  passed  in  this  parliament  for  repealing 
the  act  of  Settlement,  which  secured  to  Protestants 
the  possession  of  forfeited  estates.    A  bill  of  attainder 

•  Ab&ui  afortmgkt,  '<  Where  he  remained  about  two  weeks,  and  then  pro- 
eeaded  to  Dablin."— Zi/tf  of  Joteph  Pik$,  p.  48.  '^ 

VOL    u.  10 


146  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

was  also  passed  against  those  Protestants  who  had  fled 
the  kingdom,  and  were  in  commnnication  with  the 
king's  enemies.  There  were  about  three  thousand 
attainted  by  this  bill,  including  one  duke,  two  arch- 
bishops, seventeen  earls,  seven  countesses,  seven 
bishops,  eighteen  barons,  thirty-three  baronets,  fifty- 
one  knights,  and  eighty-three  clergymen — ^who  were 
declared  traitors,  and  adjudged  to  death  and  forfeiture 
of  estates. 

It  was  soon  after  this,  on  the  18th  of  June,  1689^ 
that  James  issued  his  proclamation  for  the  receiving 
brass  money.  Richard  Maunsell,  of  Cork,  narrowly 
escaped  hanging  for  refusing  to  take  it.  James  could 
have  adopted  no  more  unwise  measure.  "  When  the 
Irish,"  says  Cox,  ^*  saw  the  same  piece  pass  for  five, 
shillings  in  their  quarter,  and  but  for  a  penny  in  ours, 
they  began  to  dispute  that  coin ;  and  if  they  had  been 
more  thoughtful  they  had,  by  that  disproportion,  esti- 
mated the  value  of  both  governments."  There  can  be 
no  doubt,  as  we  have  stated  before,  that  the  Spaniards 
made  themselves  most  popular,  by  the  free  circulation 
of  the  pure  Spanish  dollar.  Tyrconnell,  in  the  end, 
was  forced  to  decry  the  base  coin,  which  was  a  project 
of  Lord  Melfort.  Cox  says,  some  gave  Avaux  credit 
for  this  bright  thought,  hoping,  in  this  way,  to  decrease 
the  draw  on  his  master's  treasury.  Great  quantities 
of  this  money  was  found  in  the  Mint,  in  Dublin,  after 
the  battle  of  the  Boyne.  It  was  finally  decried  by  the 
Lords  Justices  on  the  20th  of  February,  1691. 

A  French  fleet  of  forty-four  ships,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Count  de  Chateau  Benaud,  appeared  off  Balti- 
more, on  the  29th  of  April,  and  entered  Bantry  Bay. 


KNGLTSH  AND  FRENCH  FLEETS  AT  BANTEY.       147 

The  fleet  contained  a  large  quantity  of  military  storeSy 
and  a  further  supply  of  money.  To  give  Louis  XIV. 
his  due,  he  behaved  like  a  prince  and  a  gentleman  to 
James.  An  English  fleet,  under  Admiral  Herbert, 
appeared  next  morning  before  the  mouth  of  the  bay. 
The  French  bore  down  upon  them  with  twenty-eight 
men-of-war  and  six  fire-ships,  and  opened  upon  the 
DefiAuce,  which  led  the  English  van.  Herbert  made 
several  tacks,  to  gain  the  wind,  and  engage  the  enemy 
at  close  quarters,  but  failed ;  so  they  "  continued  bat- 
tering upon  a  stretch  till  five  in  the  afternoon,"  when 
the  English  sailed  for  Plymouth,  to  repair  damages, 
and  the  French  re-entered  Bantry  Bay.  Herbert  had 
about  a  hundred  killed — among  the  number  Captain 
George  Aylmer,  a  lieutenant — and  two  hundred  and 
fifty  wounded.  Both  sides  claimed  the  victory,  and 
to  render  the  decision  more  doubtful  the  House  of 
Commons  passed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Herbert,  and 
James  ordered  bonfires  and  a  Te  Deum  for  Chateau 
Benaud. 

James  appointed  Lord  Clare  and  M.  Boileau,  gover- 
nors of  Cork,  who  appeared  to  have  acted  with  severity 
towards  the  Protestants.  "  On  the  11th  of  August, 
the  Lord  Clare,  governor  of  Cork,  committed  all  the 
Protestants  of  the  city  to  St.  Peter's,  Christ  Church,* 
and  the  Court -Houses;  on  the  10  th  of  September 
several  were  sent  to  Blarney  Castle;  on  the  11th, 
many  to  Macroom ;  and  October  the  13th,  all  the 
churches  were  shut  up.  In  several  places  the  gover- 
nors went  into  houses  and  shops,  seized  what  they 

♦  Ohrirt  Church.    **  A  bomb  fell  through  the  roof  of  Chriit  Church,  but  by 
God's  providence,  it  did  no  damage." — (hx. 


148  HI8T0BY  OF  COHK. 

found,  without  the  formalitj  of  a  pretence,  and  took 
it  away.  M.  Boileau,  (who  was  governor  of  Cork 
with  Lord  Clare,)  not  failing  in  any  punctilio  of  his 
country-dragooning,  was  supposed  to  have  sent  off  for 
France  to  the  value  of  £30,000  in  money,  leather^ 
and  other  commodities,  the  spoils  of  the  Protestants 
of  this  rich  city.^^ 

Dean  Davies,*  a  Cork  man,  and  a  chaplain  in  King 
William^s  Irish  army,  writes  from  London,  the  11th  of 
April,  when  hearing  of  the  state  of  affairs  at  Cork — 
he  gets  the  news  as  he  returns  from  the  coronation  of 
William  and  Mary. 

"  The  procession  was  very  sumptuous,  aooording  to 
the  printed  account  of  it.  The  king  went  stooping, 
but  no  more  under  the  crown  than  under  the  cap  of 
maintenance.  He  looked  very  brisk  and  cheerful,  and 
the  queen  abundantly  more,  and  I  pray  God  preserve 
them !  About  seven  in  the  evening,  I  got  into  the 
Park,  having  been  at  Westminster  fourteen  hours,  and 
received  an  account  that  King  James,  in  Ireland,  pro- 
ceeded very  severely  against  the  Protestants,  and,  not- 
withstanding that  he  had  promised  a  pardon  to  the 
men  of  Bandon,  many  of  them  were  indicted  at  the 
assizes,  and  capias  issued  against  them;  that  Mao 
Carthy  had  gone  with  him  to  Dublin,  and  a  French 
governor  left  in  Cork." 

The  most  circumstantial  account  of  the  siege  of 
Cork  is  by  the  hand  of  the  same  writer.  This  clergy«> 
man  was  at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  and  near  the 
Prince  of  Orange  when  he  was  hit  on  the  shoulder. 

*  Dtan  Davie  t.  Bowland  Davies  was  appointed  Dean  of  Cork  in  1710.  Hie 
"  Joornal  of  the  Very  Beverend  Rowland  Davies"  hai  been  ably  edited  and  n* 
notated,  for  the  Camden  Society,  by  Biehard  Caolfield,  Esq.,  B.iL|  of  Oofk. 


THE  BAITLE  OF  THE  BOTKE.  149 

'^SOth.  [June.]  At  two  in  the  morning  we  de- 
camped again,  and  marched  towards  Drogheda^  where 
we  found  King  James  encamped  on  the  other  side  of 
the  Boyne.  We  drew  up  all  our  horse  in  a  line 
opposite  to  him,  within  cannon  shot;  and  as  his 
majesty  passed  our  line,  they  fired  six  shot  at  him,  one 
whereof  fell  and  struck  off  the  top  of  the  Duke  of 
Wurtemberg's  pistol,  and  the  whiskers  off  his  horse, 
and  another  tore  the  king's  ooat  on  the  shoulder.*  We 
stood  open  during  at  least  twenty  shot,  imtil  a  man 
and  two  horses  being  killed  among  the  Dutch  guards, 
we  all  retired  into  a  trench  behind  us,  where  we  lay 
safe  while  much  mischief  was  done  to  other  regiments, 
and  in  the  evening  drew  off  and  encamped  behind  the 
hill." 

'^  July  Ist  His  majesty  came  up  and  charged  at 
the  head  of  the  Enniskilling  horse,  who  deserted  him 
at  the  first  charge,  and  carried  with  them  a  Dutch 
regiment,  but  the  king's  blue  troops  of  guards  soon 
supplied  the  place,  and  with  them  he  charged  in  person 
and  routed  the  enemy." 

We  shall  give  a  few  extracts  from  the  journal  of 
this  Cork  dean,  descriptive  of  William's  march  from 
Dublin  southwards. 

"July  12.  We  marched  from  Johnstown  to  Timo- 
lin ;  and  his  majesty,  with  the  foot,  to  KilcuUen  bridge. 
On  the  road  our  men  were  very  rapacious,  and,  not- 
withstanding the  king's  proclamation  to  the  contrary, 
they  robbed  and  pillaged  all  the  road  along,  and  that 

♦  Tore  the  king's  coat  on  the  shoulder. — The  buif  coat,  worn  by  Willi«D,  is  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Robert  Thompson,  of  Ravensdale.  It  is  perforated  in  the 
jhoolder.  The  siie  of  the  coat  ^ows  that  William  was  a  man  of  small  stature. 
See  Ulster  Journal  of  Archioology,  1856,  p.  91,  note. 


150  HISTOKY   OF   COEK. 

even  in  the  king's  and  general's  presence ;  whereupon 
strict  orders  were  given  to  seize  offenders,  and  several' 
were  taken  and  executed  at  Elilcullen,  and  among 
them  a  quarter-master  and  a  wagh-master  of  the  Dutch 
dragoons. 

*^  July  13.  Being  Sunday,  our  whole  army  halted, 
and  by  yesterday's  pillage  were  full  of  beef  and  mutton. 
I  preached  in  the  field  against  swearing,  on  James  v., 
17,  and  while  I  was  in  the  sermon,  seven  prisoners 
were  led  along  our  line  in  order  to  their  execution,, 
and  among  them  one  of  our  regiment :  whereupon  our 
major  took  horse  immediately,  and  went  to  the  general 
to  get  him  off,  which  he  did,  the  rest  threw  dice  to  save 
their  lives,  and  three  of  them  were  executed. 

"  14th.  We  marched  to  Carlow  and  baited  on  our 
way  at  Hungerlins  Bush.  As  we  passed,  two  of  the 
Enniskilling  dragoons,  hung  by  the  way-side,*  with 
papers  on  their  breasts  exposing  their  crime." 

On  the  18th,  they  take  ^^a  considerable  herd  of 
cattle"  and  lie  down  to  sleep,  when  a  hundred  of 
Xing  James's  horse  ride  up,  retake  the  prey,  and  kill 
twelve  of  the  Williamite  soldiers. 

"  19th.  We  continued  still  in  our  camp,  in  expecta- 
tion of  the  foot  coming  up,  in  order  to  attack  Waterford, 
which  the  enemy  maintain.  No  action  happened, 
except  a  prey  or  two  taken  and  brought  in.  This  day 
the  king  dined  at  Kilkenny,  with  the  Duke  of  Ormond 
and  all  the  court. 

^^21st.  I  went  to  Clonmel,  to  visit  Mr.  Thomas 

*  Hung  by  the  toaff-side.  Pike,  the  Cork  Quaker,  writes—-''  In  the  third 
month,  1690,  several  Friends  of  Cork  went  to  the  half-yearns  meeting  in  DaUia, 
notwithstanding  it  was  dangerous  to  travel,  by  reason  of  the  armies  marthing  t« 
and  fro,  and  the  plundering  rapparees,"— X(/i;  0/ Joseph  JNke,  p  48. 


HABLBOBOUGH  COMES  TO   COBK.  151 

Moore^  with  whom  I  dined  and  spent  most  part  of  the 
day.  But  in  the  evening^  when  I  intended  to  mount 
my  horse,  my  pistols  and  shoes  were  stolen,  I  suppose 
by  some  Danes  [Danish  troops}  quartered  there. 

"  27th.  In  the  morning  early  the  king  left  Canick 
and  marched  towards  Dublin. 

"15th  [September].  I  went  to  Cashol  to  inquire 
after  news.  Being  told  that  Marlborough  was  landed, 
and  Scravenmore  gone  to  Cork  with  fifteen  hundred 
horse  to  join  him,  I  waited  on  my  Lord  Ginkell,  and 
he  told  me  that  Scravenmore  only  went  to  see  Mallow 
and  the  Blackwater ;  but  his  adjutant,  Golstein,  as- 
sured me  that  he  had  more  business.  I  waited  on  the 
general's  secretary  also,  with  Dick  Bonworth,  to  get  a 
pass  for  him  and  his  brother  to  go  ta  England,  and  in 
the  evening  came  back. 

"  19th.  I  sent  to  Cashel,  to  Dr.  Burgh,  to  inquire 
for  news,  and  especially  of  the  proceedings  of  Scraven- 
more in  the  county  of  Cork.  He  sent  me  word  that 
Scravenmore  had  lately  routed  a  great  body  of  the 
enemy  near  Mallow,  and  that  having  broken  down 
that  bridge,  he  was  marched  to  Castletownroche. 
Whereupon  my  brother,  Aldworth,  and  I  resolved  to 
go  to  him,  and  to  quarter  at  Ballyhooley  until  the 
Lord  Marlborough  should  arrive,  or  the  Lord  Scraven- 
more return. 

"  22nd. — This  day  we  received  an  account  that  the 
Earl  of  Marlborough  was  arrived,  and  had  sent  an 
express  with  an  account  of  it  to  Cashel  to  Ginkell." 

Marlborough's  fleet  sailed  into  Cork  harbour  on  the 
22nd,  after  taking  a  small  battery  of  eight  guns  at  its 
mouth.     He  took  possession  of  Haulbowline  island, 


152  HISTOBY   OF  GORE. 

wluoh  had  been  deserted,  and  the  next  day,  September 
the  23rd,  landed  his  troops  in  Cork.  The  force  oon- 
sisted  of  eight  regiments,  belonging  to  Marlborough, 
Trelawny,  Churchill — ^Marlborough's  brother — ^Beau- 
mont, Hales,  Hastings,  Collier,  and  Fitzpatrick,  besides 
six  companies  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke's  marines, 
under  the  command  of  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  and  three 
hundred  foot  of  the  Earl  of  Monmouth's  regiment, 
under  the  command  of  Major  Johnson. 

The  Duke  of  Wurtemberg  did  not  arrive  in  Cork,  as 
we  shall  see  by  the  Journal,  till  the  26th,  after  the 
two  new  forts  and  Shandon  Castle  were  in  the  hands 
of  the  English.  The  duke  had  an  army  of  4,000  foot, 
besides  1,200  horse,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant* 
General  Scravenmore.  It  was  at  this  time,  as  we 
learn  from  Tindal,  in  his  continuation  to  Bapin,  that 
the  Duke  of  Wurtemberg  paraded  his  claims  as  gen-» 
eralissimo,  which  the  Earl  of  Marlborough^  parried 
with  his  usual  tact  and  temper.  His  highness  of 
Wurtemberg  contended  that,  as  the  general  of  an  army 
which  had  lately  besieged  Limerick,  and  as  the  prinoe 
of  a  sovereign  house,  the  precedence  was  his.  Marl- 
borough stood  on  his  rights  as  an  English  general,  who 
had  received  his  commission  from  his  prince  and  his 
parliament.  The  German  grew  restive  and  rude,  the 
Englishman  resolved  and  resolute.  A  Huguenot 
officer  proposed  a  compromise — let  them  assume  pre* 
cedence  on  alternate  days.  The  proposal  met  the 
views  without  compromising  the  dignity  of  either  of 
these  great  men.     The  first  morning  Marlborough 

•  The  Earl  of  Marlborough.'^ ohn  Churchill,  Earl  of  Marlborough  was  not 
created  duke  till  December  I4th»  1702. 


SIEGE   OF  CORK.  153 

commanded,  he  gave  the  word  ^^  Wurtmberg.^^  This 
compliment  won  the  Qerman's  heart,  who,  the  next 
day,  went  to  the  charge  with  "  A  MarttoroughJ^ 

"  24th. — In  the  morning  I  marched  to  Cork,  and 
acquainted  Soravenmore  —  whom  I  found  encamped 
the  night  before  on  the  hill  above  Waters'  mills,  about 
half  a  mile  from  the  city — of  the  resolution  taken  for 
the  Duke  of  Wurtemburgh  to  join  him,  and  that  ac- 
cordingly he  was  on  his  march  from  Cahir  towards 
him.  He  showed  me  a  letter  from  a  correspondent, 
that  the  Duke  of  Berwick,*  with  a  great  body  of 
horse,  was  marched  from  Limerick  towards  New- 
market, with  a  design  to  get  to  him  all  the  forces  of 
Muskerry  and  county  of  Kerry,  and  therewith  to  raise 
the  siege  of  Cork,  and  thereon  gave  me  orders  to 
return  next  morning  to  the  duke  and  acquaint  him 
therewith,  and  desire  him  to  hasten  up  to  Cork  lest 
the  enemy  should  come  down  before  him  and  disturb 
our  lodgment. 

"  In  the  afternoon,  Scravenmore's  adjutant,  Eeks, 
returned  from  the  Cove,  with  orders  from  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough  to  send  a  party  of  horse  over  the  water 
to  cover  his  foot  toward  Cork. 

"  About  three  in  the  afternoon,  Major-General  Tet- 
tau  having  drawn  some  cannon  to  Fair  Hill,  resolved 
to  make  a  descent,  and  to  attack  one  or  both  the  new 
forts  near  Shandon  Castle ;  f  but  no  sooner  were  his 

•  The  Duke  of  Berwick,  sou  to  James  II.,  by  Arabella  Churchill,  the  Earl  of 
Marlborough's  sister,  was  not  more  than  twenty  years  of  age  at  this  time.  He 
tfterwards  became  a  Marshal  of  France.  He  was  a  great  favorite  with  the  king, 
\k  fathei .  He  married  General  Sarsfiold's  widow.  He  was  killed  by  a  cannon 
kn  at  the  Siege  of  Philipsburgh,  in  Germany,  June  12th,  1734. 

t  **  Shandon  Castle,  on  the  north  side,  occupied  a  considerable  eminence  over 
I  fte  city.  Lower  down  the  hill  are  the  remains  of  a  thick  wall,  which  perhaps 
r  JMy  haTe  constituted  one  of  the  new  forts." — Ihan  Jkmti  Jaurnaly  edited  by  Mv^ 
(kuljieldyp.  150. 


154  HISTOEY   OF  GORE. 

men  posted  in  order  to  that  design,  but  the  enemy  set 
fire  to  the  suburbs  between  him  and  them,  and,  having 
deserted  both  the  forts  and  castle,  retired  in  haste  to 
the  city. 

'^  In  the  evening  I  conducted  a  body  of  horse  over 
the  river,  at  a  ford  under  the  church  of  Curry-Eip* 
pane,*  and  leaving  Dick  Travers  to  guide  them  by  the 
bridge  of  Carrigrohan  to  the  Lough  of  Cork,f  I  re- 
turned to  Scravenmore,  by  the  way  having  heard  the 
Earl  of  Marlborough's  drums  on  their  march.  When 
we  passed  the  river,  the  enemy  in  the  city  beat  their 
drums  and  gave  huzzas,  concluding  that  the  Duke  of 
Berwick  was  advanced  hither  to  relieve  them,  and  to 
engage  the  Earl  of  Marlborough  before  our  horse  came 
ap,  but  they  soon  found  themselves  mistaken. 

"  25th.  I  went  early,  and  met  the  Duke  of  Wurtem- 
berg  at  Fermoy,  where  he  had  just  got  his  cannon  over 
the  bridge,  resolving  to  encamp  that  night  at  Bathcor- 
mac.  I  delivered  my  message,  and  having  received 
his  answer,  that  he  would  be  up  with  us  the  next  night 
without  fail,  I  returned  immediately  back  to  Clork. 
When  I  came  to  the  camp,  I  found  that  Scravenmore 
was  gone  over  to  wait  on  the  Earl  of  Marlborough, 
and  therefore  went  over  the  river  also,  but  not  daring 
in  the  night  to  go  to  the  camp,  where  I  was  a  stranger 
(though  I  saw  it  from  the  hill)  I  went  and  quartered 
at  Carrigrohan. 


•  Curry  Kippane,  "  The  ruini  of  this  ancient  clmrch,  with  its  Tenenbla 
tcry,  still  remain.     ^f7  ^^  situated  on  very  high  groond,  on  the  north  nda  of 
the  river  Lee." — Ikon  Lawi  Jwamalyp.  150. 

t  Jjmgh  of  OoitTq^  which  corers  an  area  of  about  twclye  acres,  lies  on  the  hulk 
ground  to  the  south  of  the  city,  on  the  old  road  to  £insale.  A  portion  oftA* 
ground  around  it  is  called  in  the  Ordnance  maps,  Omihia  Jfori^  or  the  grest 
or  gallows.    It  Uoa  oontiguons  to  Gallows  Green. 


OAT  FORI  TAXBK.  155 

^2fiihm  I  went  to  the  oamp  early,  and  missing 
faaTOomoie^  I  deliyered  my  message  myself  to  the 
IbI  of  Marlborough,  after  which  I  went  home,  and  in 
lie  afkemocm  shewed  a  new  way  from  one  camp  to 
fta  oCfaer,  by  my  honse  at  GiUabbey.  In  the  evening 
lie  Duke  dT  Wnrtemberg  came  to  the  camp  on  the 
avth  flide  of  the  city,  we  being  also  in  possession  of 
fltinrlinn  Castle ;  whence  our  cannon  played  both  into 
fte  IbrtB  and  the  city ;  and  Scrayenmore,  bringing  over 
A  Ui  horse  to  join  ns,  took  up  his  quarters  at  Gill- 


^  27th«  The  enemy  having  deserted  their  works  at 
die  CJat,  without  a  blow  struck,  we  became  masters  of 
il^  and  began  to  oast  bombs  into  the  city." 

Sir  Bichard  Cox  is  surprised  that  the  governor  of 
Cork  should  have  deserted  the  Cat  Fort,  which  became 
tikB  easy  prey  of  two  sailors.     ^^  Most  parts  of  the  walls 
md  streets  of  the  city  were  exposed  to  the  musket  shot 
from  this  fort ;  yet  so  important  a  post  was  deserted, 
without  a  stroke,  for  the  two  seamen  found  it  aban- 
doned and  took  possession  of  it,  which  is  a  thing 
nfanoct  inorediblCj  that  either  the  enemy  should  leave 
it  ao  tamely,  or  that  two  men  should  have  the  confi- 
deooe  to  attempt  it,  and  to  boast  (as  they  did  before- 
hand) that  they  would  take  it :  for  though  they 
peroeived  no  shot  from  thence,  yet  at  that  juncture 
they  could  not  in  reason  imagine  but  that  it  was  well 
provided  both  with  men  and  ammunition." 

(yfirieni  in  his  Irish  Dictionary,  defines  ^^  Catty  a 
fight  or  pitched  battle;  also,  an  Irish  battalion  or 
regiment  consisting  of  three  thousand  men."  Caterva^ 
in  Latin,  consisted  of  a  band  of  six  hundred  men.   The 


156  mSIOET  OF  CORE. 

fort  may  have  been  so  named  from  the  large  number 
of  soldiers  it  was  able  to  aceommodate. 

Cat  Fort  stood  on  the  high  ground  to  the  south  of 
the  oity.  The  site — at  the  top  of  Cat  Lane — is  now 
oocupied  by  a  barrack  for  a  sergeant's  guard,  but  there 
is  not  a  vestige  of  the  old  fort  standing.  Some  think 
the  name  is  derived  from  a  warlike  machine  for  under- 
mining walls.  The  following  is  from  Du  Cange: — 
^^Yineas  machinas  bellicas  quibus  itur  ad  murum 
suffodiendum,  quas  Bononienses  vooant  cattos.  Gatti 
ergo  sunt  viness  sive  plutei.  Sub  quibus  miles  in 
morem  felis,  quem  Cattum  vulgo  dicimus,  in  subsiflais 
aut  insidiis  latet." 

A  machine  of  the  kind,  described  by  Du  Cange,  was 
called  in  Ireland  a  sow.  In  shape  it  somewhat  resem- 
bled the  animal  whose  name  it  bore.  Like  the  wooden 
horse^  used  by  the  Greeks  at  the  siege  of  Troy,  it  was 
filled  with  armed  men,  who — if  I  mistake  not — are 
called  its  ^^  little  pigs,"  in  the  Facata  Hibemia.  Some 
of  these  sows  bore  to  the  walls,  which  were  to  be  un- 
dermined, a  brood  of  fifty  pigs,  who  were  not  long 
rooting  holes  in  the  foundation. 

Having  got  possession  of  the  Cat,  ^'we  began," 
continues  this  warlike  divine,  ^^  to  cast  bombs  into  the 
city,  and  to  play  with  our  cannon  against  the  fort,^ 
from  thence  and  the  Friar's  Garden,  and  another  bat- 
tery above  th  e  fort,  near  the  Mitrcf  This  morning  I 
gave  Scravonmore  an  account  of  the  usefulness  of  the 

*  Thcfirtf  i.e.  the  Elizabeth  fort  in  Barrack  Stroot.  This  fort,  wUoh  Lord 
Macauley  says  "lies  in  ruins,"  is  in  good  preservation  to  the  preient  daj,  lad 
oocupied  by  ner  majesty's  forces.    Some  of  tne  walls  are  of  great  '^^''*' 


t  The  Mitre  was  probably  a  tayem.    It  is  also  mentioned  in  DiTe  Dewnt'i 
JoorAol,  who  wrote  in  A.D.  17(K). 


T0WN8BND   OCCUPIES  THE  STEEPLE.  157 

steeple  *  of  the  cathedral,  that  if  boards  were  laid  on  the 
beams  thereof,  our  men  might  gall  the  enemy  in  the 
fort  from  that  place  with  their  muskets ;  whereupon 
lieutenant  Townsend  was  sent  with  men  thither,  and 
aocordingly  did  very  good  execution." 

Prom  this  elevated  position  they  shot  the  governor 
of  Elizabeth  fort.  To  remove  this  party  the  Irish 
used  cannon,  which  shook  the  steeple  to  its  foundation. 
Townsend's  men  were  terrified,  and  about  to  descend, 
when  their  leader  gave  directions  to  those  below  to 
remove  the  ladder,  and  remained  in  this  dangerous 
post  till  the  next  day,  when  the  fort  surrendered. 

The  Dean  continues  his  journal :  '^  I  also  took 
eare  to  have  the  course  of  Droope's  tfiill-stream  turned, 
which  ran  through  the  north  of  the  city,  and  drove  a 
grist  mill  there.  In  the  morning  our  heavy  cannon 
were  landed  near  the  Bed  Cow,  by  Eed  Abbey,  and 
there  a  battery  was  raised  of  thirty-six  pounders, 
which  playing  against  the  city  wall,  soon  made  it 
tumble ;  whereon  the  enemy  let  the  bishop  f  come  out 
to  us,  whom  they  made  prisoner  in  the  city,  with  all 
the  clergy,  and  about  one  thousand  three  hundred  of 
the  Protestants;  and  towards  evening  they  beat  a 
parley,  and  came  to  a  treaty,  whereon  a  truce  was 
granted  until  the  next  morning. 

'*  28th. — ^The  enemy  not  accepting  of  the  conditions 
offered,  our  cannon  and  bombs  began  to  play  most 

>  I%«  tteeple. — Mr.  Caulfield  thinks  the  round  tower  which  stood  in  the 
f  Avrcb-jard  of  St.  Finn  Barr's,  may  be  here  meant  hy  the  steeple.    In  the  msp 
"Cork  in  the  Pacata  Hibemia,  the  **  Steple  of  y*  Catthedral  Chorche^"  is  repre* 
ied  as  a  square  tower  ¥rith  battlements. 

f  I%e  bithep  was  Doctor  Edward  WetenhalL    He  was  a  natiTe  of  Lichfield. 
iw«s  appointed  to  the  sees  of  Cork  and  Bose  in  1678,  which  he  held  untU  1699, 
w1m9i  be  was  succeeded  by  Diye  Downes, 


1 


168  HISTORT  OP  OOBX^ 

fiercely,  in  so  much  fhat  a  breach  in  the  city  began  to 
appear  plainly,  and  when  the  enemy  appeared  on  the 
wall  near  it,  they  were  raked  off  by  our  small  ordnance 
from  the  Cat  Last  night  a  captain,  lieutenant,  and 
forty  men  were  posted  in  the  brick-yard,  near  GKIl 
Abbey,  to  hinder  the  enemy  from  making  their  escape 
that  way  through  the  Marsh,  and  accordingly,  some 
attempting  it  about  midnight,  Captain  Swiney  and 
four  more  were  killed,  and  Captain  McCarthy  taken, 
being  desperately  wounded,  and  the  rest  forced  into 
the  city  again.  About  one  of  the  clock,  the  tide  being 
out,  the  Danes  from  the  north,  and  the  English  frmn 
the  south,  passed  the  river  into  the  East  Marsh,  in 
order  to  storm  the  breach  that  was  made  in  the  oitj 
wall,  and  immediately  the  van  posted  themselyes  under 
the  bank  of  the  Marsh,  which  seems  to  be  a  connter^ 
scarp  to  the  city  wall,  in  which  approach  the  noble 
Duke  of  Grafton^  received  a  mortal  wound  in  the 
point  of  his  shoulder.  The  Salamander,  also,  and 
another  vessel,  which  came  up  the  morning  tide,  lay 
at  the  Marsh  end,  directly  before  the  wall,  and  played 
their  cannon  at  the  breach,  and  shot  bombs  into  the 
city,  in  the  midst,  whereof,  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Bycaut  came  out  and  made  artidles 
for  a  surrender — ^the  fort  to  be  ours  in  an  hour  and  the 
city  next  morning,  all  in  arms  to  be  prisoners  of  war. 
In  the  evening  the  fort  was  received  by  us,  and  the 
Protestants  were  set  at  liberty,  and  all  was  fall  of  joy, 

*  Eemy  FUs-Bof^  I>uk$  of  Oraftonj  was  an  illegitimate  ton  of  Cbazlfli  IL 
and  the  Oocliefls  of  Cleyelana.  ColUnB  says,  he  receited  a  shot  which  broke  two 
of  his  ribs.  Mr.  Edwards  says,  the  shot  was  fired  by  a  blacksmith,  from  a  fivn 
in  Post  Offiee  Lane.  The  place  where  he  was  mortally  wonndad  is  called  Oraftovs 
Alley  to  this  day.  He  died  in  Cork  the  9th  of  Ootobw.  His  body  was  brovglit 
to  Eincland  and  buried  at  Eoston,  Suffolk. 


I  •^  -  -{ I ,. 


THB  GOTEBNOB  FIRES  THE   SUBURBS.  159 

Hie  goyemor,  Mao  Gillicuddy,  had  but  1  wo  small 
Ittiels  of  powder  left.    He  was  blamed  by  his  own 
jutj  for  not  evaouating  a  city — which  was  in  no  con- 
tStkm  to  sustain  a  siege — ^and  returning  to  Kerry,  when 
fci  had  an  opportunity ;  but  such  things  are  always 
aftor  a  defeat.    But  he  was  more  blamed  by  the 
8  for  firing  the  suburbs,  after  being  paid  to  spare 
;    *•  Whereby,"   says  Sir  Bichard  Cox,    "  one  of 
most  thriving  cities,  for  bigness,  in  Europe,  was, 
great  part,  laid  in  ashes,  and  hundreds  of  Protes- 
who  before  lived  plentifully,  were,  by  this  bar- 
breach  of  faith,  reduced  to  beggary."     The 
ifl  thus  described  by  Joseph  Pike,  the  Quaker : — 
^  In  the  seventh  month,  1690,  Cork  was  besieged 
Vjr  the  English.    The  Lord  Churchill,  afterwards  Duke 
€f  Marlborough,  commanded  the  siege,  Mac  Gillicuddy 
iMxng  tiien  the  Irish  governor  of  the  city.     He  was  a 
TfodBj  boisterous,  man,  and  gave  out  that  he  intended 
to  bum  the  suburbs;    upon  which  the  inhabitants, 
T^ngli*^  and  Irish,  treated  with  him  to  save  them,  and 
•greed  to  give  him  five  hundred  pounds  in  silver,  most 
of  which  was  gathered  and  paid  to  him ;  yet  I  could 
Bot  trust  his  word,  and  removed  the  best  of  my  goods, 
and  thereby  saved  them.    Notwithstanding  which,  he 
afterwards,  without  giving  the  least  notice,  burned 
both  the  north  and  south  suburbs,  whereby  not  only 
the  houses  but  much  goods  were  destroyed.    The  town 
was  delivered  up  in  a  few  days;    and  about  four 
thousand,  with  the  governor,  taken  prisoners,  some  of 
whom  were  put  into  our  meeting-house,  so  that  Friends 
had  to  me  '  in     lother  place.'' 

Again  he     ites,  ^^  When  the  town  was  delivered  up^ 


I 

1 


160  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

tho  prisoners,  computed  at  about  4000,  were  put  into 
the  places  of  worship,  so  that  Friends  met  in  a  back 
place,  belonging  to  Thomas  Wright's  house ;  and  the 
weather  being  wet,  the  English  soldiers  as  well  as  Irish 
prisoners,  grew  very  sickly,  and  great  numbers  died, 
so  that  they  buried  them  in  a  large  hole  or  pit,  almost 
every  day.  The  citizens  were  also  infected,  and  very 
many  died,  and  the  city  became  like  an  hospital,  in  a 
dismal  condition,  for  a  long  time.  At  length  many  of 
the  prisoners  ran  away,  and  others  that  remained  were 
let  go,  but  the  governor  and  chiefs  wore  sent  to  the 
Tower  of  London." — Pik^s  Life^  p.  53. 

We  conclude  from  the  following  that  the  Quakers 
were  held  as  ^^  Friends  ^^  by  the  Irish,  and  had  the 
city  been  taken  by  storm,  would  have  perished  with 
them.  "The  Protestants  were  shut  up  in  prisons* 
and  houses,  with  guards  over  them,  but  Friends  were 
at  liberty,  the  Irish  believing  there  was  no  danger  fnm 
uSy  so  that  if  the  town  had  been  taken  by  storm,  as  it 
was  on  the  point  of  being,  humanly  speaking,  we 
should  have  been  slain  with  the  Irish." 

Although  there  was  no  massacre  of  the  Irish,  there 
was  plunder,  the  inevitable  consequence  of  taking  a 
city  like  Cork.  "  In  the  morning,"  continues  Bean 
Davies,  "  many  seamen,  and  other  loose  persons,  en- 
tered the  city  through  the  breach,  and  other  plaees, 
and  plundered  many  houses,  especially  of  property. 

"  As  soon  as  the  bridge  could  be  mended  the  'EbA  of 
Marlborough  and  Scravenmore  entered,  and  took  much 

*  Shut  up  m  prinmt.  They  had  been  previously  diBanned  br  James'  lolfiMB. 
"  They  began  in  the  erening,  near  night,  lining  the  streets  witn  ioldieri,  mmad 
with  lighted  matches.  They  kept  the  design  private,  even  from  the  tridi;  ** 
when  a  friendly  native  rushes  up  to  the  Quifer  with  a  **  Lord  I  Mr.  Fike^  what 
are  they  going  to  do } " — I4fe  of  Joseph  JPike,  p.  50. 


TREATMENT  OF  THE   IBISH  IN   CORK.  161 

pains  to  preserve  the  city  from  further  damage.  In 
the  afternoon  all  Papists  were  ordered,  by  proclama- 
tion, on  pain  of  death,  to  deliver  up  their  arms,  and  to 
repair  to  the  East  Marsh,  where  all  that  had  been  in 
arms  were  secured,  and  after  put  under  guard — the 
officers  in  the  County  Court-House,  and  the  rest  in  the 
churches  and  other  places." 

The  Rev.  Charles  Leslie,  in  his  answer  to  King, 
(p.  162,)  says,  "  the  garrison,  after  laying  down  their 
arms,  were  stript  and  marched  to  a  marshy  wet  ground, 
where  they  were  kept  with  guards  four  or  five  days, 
and  not  being  sustained,  were  forced,  through  hunger, 
to  eat  dead  horses;"  and  when  removed  from  the 
marsh  they  were  ^^  crowded  into  jails,  houses,  and 
churches."  We  suspect  that  William's  troops  were 
not  much  better  provided  for.  Cork  was  not  large 
enough  to  feed  and  lodge  two  armies  along  with  its 
own  inhabitants. 

Seven  Irish  regiments  laid  down  their  arms,  namely 
Mac  Gillicuddy's,  Clancarty's,  Tyrone's,  Mac  Carthy's, 
O'Donovan's,  O'Sullivan's,  and  Barrett's.  About  1,000 
men,  with  the  principal  officers,  were  sent  prisoners  to 
England,  About  4,500  of  the  Irish  army,*  which  had 
defended  Limerick,  against  Giakell,  embarked  at  Cork, 
for  France,  under  Lord  Lucan,  better  known  as  Ge- 
neral Sarsfield.  About  a  hundred  and  sixty  Irish  troops 
were  blown  up  in  the  Breda  man-of-war — which  lay 
in  Cork  harbour— on  the  12th  of  October,  1691. 
Captain  Tenet,  the  commander,  was  taken  up  alive,  but 
died  soon  after.     There  were  some  who  asserted  that 

•  Irish  army. — There  embarked  from  Munster  19,059  men,  besides  the 
General,  Justin  Mac  Curthj,  or  MonBtcashel's  brigade,  which  consisted  of  5,270 

TOL.  n.  11 


I 


162  HISTOBT   OP   OORK. 

this  was  "  done  by  Colonel  Barrett  on  purpose,"  but 
there  is  no  proof  whatever,  except  that  he  and  his  ser- 
vant escaped. 

We  learn  from  Sir  Bichard  Cox,  that  the  Irish  were 
treated  with  great  harshness  after  the  war.  ^^  On  the 
first  of  May,  1691,  I  was  sent  with  a  commission  to 
govern  the  counties  of  Cork  and  city  of  Cork.  I  came 
there  4th  of  May,  and  had  with  me  a  commission  of 
Oyer  and  Terminer  and  gaol  delivery.  I  soon  raised 
and  arrayed  eight  regiments  of  dragoons  and  three  of 
foot,  which  were  tmder  my  command  all  that  summer; 
they  did  great  service,  and  did  much  execution  upon 
the  Irish,  and  took  from  them  so  much  prey  (to  the 
value  of  £10,000)  as  set  many  of  them  up  after  the 
war.  I  took  no  share  of  it  myself,  though  I  might 
have  had  the  tenth,  but  in  everything  I  acted  the 
part  of  a  true  Englishman,  whose  heart  was  in  the 
cause,  and  in  requital,  had  a  very  hearty  address  of 
thanks  from  both  counties,  and  received  from  the 
government  £150  by  conoordatum,  and  from  their 
majesties  an  abatement  of  half  my  quit-rent  for  ever,'* 
— Autobiography  of  Sir  RicJiard  Cox^  edited  by  Bichard 
Caulfield,  Esq.,  B.A. 


CHAPTER   VII. 


IfjLBLBO&OUOH    A.T    XIKSALE — SIB    JAMES    COTTEa— ^ 
SIB   BICHABD   COX — SIB   BICHABD   KAOLB. 

A.O.  1690—1692. 

Mablboeoxjgh's  cavalry  were  on  the  road  to  Emsale  a 
few  hours  after  Cork  had  fallen.  Brigadier  Yilliers 
sent  a  trumpeter  to  summon  the  place.  The  Irish, 
after  threatening  to  hang  him  for  bringing  such  a 
message,  fired  the  town  and  retreated  into  the  forts. 

Marlborough  arrived  in  Eansale  on  the  2nd  of  Octo* 
ber.  On  the  3rd,  Major-General  Tettau  and  Colonel 
Fitzpatrick,  crossed  in  boats,  with  300  men,  to  the 
peninsula  or  tongue  of  land  on  which  the  ruins  of  the 
Old  Fort  and  Kingrone  Castle  now  stand.  They  took 
the  fort  by  storm,  the  Irish  retiring  to  the  castle. 
Here  they  lost  forty  men  by  the  explosion  of  a  barrel 
of  gunpowder,  but  refused  to  surrender  till  their  gover- 
nor, Colonel  O'DriscoU,  and  two  hundred  of  the  gar- 
rison, had  been  slain. 

The  New,  or  Charles  Fort,  was  then  summoned.  The 
governor.  Sir  Edward  Scot,  said  it  was  time  enough,  a 
month  hence,  to  talk  of  surrender.  The  trenches  were 
opened  on  the  5th  of  October,  and  batteries  erected, 
on  the  east  by  the  Danes,  and  on  the  north  by  the 


164  mSTOBY  OP  OOKE. 

English ;  a  mine  was  also  sprung,  and  every  thing 
ready  for  the  assault,  when  the  governor  sent  Colonel 
O'Donovan  with  the  keys.  He  capitulated  on  the 
most  honorable  terms,  namely,  that  his  men,  1,200 
strong,  should  march  out  with  their  arms,  bag  and  bag- 
gage, and  fall  back  upon  their  main  force  at  Limerick. 
They  were  beholden,  in  some  respect  for  this  good 
treatment,  to  the  bad  weather,  and  the  short  commons 
in  the  English  camp.  Colonel  Churchill,  speaking  of 
the  want  of  everything  among  his  troops,  says,  "  They 
are  fit  to  conquer,  for  they  mriBt  do  that  or  starve, 
which  they  were  very  nigh  doing."  He  could  draw 
out  '^  five  hundred  men,  and  not  a  hundred  pair  of 
shoes  among  them,  which  are  not  to  be  got  for  money, 
if  he  had  it." 

The  Irish  left  a  thousand  barrels  of  wheat  and 
eighty  pipes  of  claret  behind  them.  These  were  a 
great  boon  to  men  who  had  been  living  on  brown 
bread  and  sour  wine.  About  a  month  after  this  a 
French  ship,  laden  with  wine,  sailed  into  Einsale,  and 
anchored  under  the  Old  Fort,  believing  the  town  to 
be  in  the  hands  of  James'  troops,  nor  did  the  captain 
discover  his  mistake  till  his  vessel  was  boarded  by 
Marlborough's  men.  The  earl  left  his  brother,  Colonel 
Churchill,  as  governor  of  Charles  Fort,  and  returned 
to  Cork,  from  which  he  sailed  with  his  fleet  to  Forts- 
mouth. 

It  was  during  the  October  or  November  of  this 
famous  year,  1690,  that  the  Irish,  with  1,000  horse 
and  five  regiments  of  foot,  under  the  command  of  the 
young  Duke  of  Berwick,  marched  from  Limerick  to 
Macroom,  but  hearing  of  Ginkell's  approach  from 


CASTLE-TOWNSBND   BESIEGED.  165 

Cashel,  returned  on  their  steps  towards  Limerick. 
They  halted  at  Charleville,  and  fired  Charleville  House, 
after  the  duke  had  dined  there,  thus  Mfilling  the 
prophecy,  or  malediction,  pronounced  upon  this  house 
of  the  Earl  of  Orrery,  by  John  Exham,  the  mad  Quaker* 
Indeed  this  army  plundered  and  fired  most  of  the  houses 
north  of  the  Blackwater. 

Five  hundred  men,  under  young  Colonel  O'Driscoll, 
attempted  to  fire  Castle-Townsend,  the  residence  of 
Colonel  Townsend,  in  "West  Carbery.  They  were 
stoutly  resisted  by  the  colonel  and  a  garrison  of  thirty- 
five  men.  Twelve  of  the  Irish  dropped  at  the  first 
volley.  On  a  second  attack,  O'Drisooll,  Captain  Teig 
O^Donovan,  Captain  Cronin,  and  about  thirty  of  their 
men,  were  slain,  and  a  great  number  wounded,-  "  so 
they  were  forced  to  retire  with  loss  and  shame.'' 

Castle-Townsend  was  attacked  a  second  time,  this 
year,  in  December,  by  Mac  Fineeu,  who  escaped  from 
Cork  jail.  The  place  was  defended  on  this  occasion  by 
a  lieutenant  and  thirty  dragoons.  Their  ammunition 
being  spent,  and  five  of  their  number  slain,  they  sur- 
rendered on  quarter;  notwithstanding,  says  Doctor 
Smith,  "  the  Irish  slew  the  lieutenant." 

Fermoy  was  attacked  in  the  January  of  1691,  by 
Brigadier  Carroll  at  the  head  of  1500  Irish,  but  the 
attack  was  repulsed  by  William's  Danish  auxiliaries 
and  some  Irish  militia — fifty  horse — under  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  Donep. 

There  was  a  good  deal  of  skirmishing  on  both  sides 
in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1691,  about  Bandon, 
Clonakilty,  Kosscarberry,  and  other  places;  and  a 
number  of  the  Irish,  who  were  styled  "Tories"  and 


166  HISTORY   OF   COUK, 

"  Eapparees,"*  cut  down,  or  captured  and  hanged. 
One  of  the  smartest  engagements  of  the  season  is 
styled  the  Battle  of  BottlehUl,  which  occurred  on  the 
first  of  April.  About  100  men  of  the  Cork  garrison, 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomicroft,  were  on 
their  return  from  Bally hooly.  They  were  met  at  Six- 
mile- Water  by  Sir  James  Cotter  and  Major  Slingsby, 
at  the  head  of  300  men.  The  English  had  just  time 
to  get  into  an  old  pound,  that  had  a  ditch  breast  high, 
which  gave  them  a  considerable  advantage.  The  fight 
lasted  for  three  hours,  when  Sir  James  was  compelled 
to  draw  off  his  men,  with  the  loss  of  sixty  killed,  and 
as  many  wounded.  Captain  Coppinger  was  slain  on 
the  field,  and  Major  Slingsby  carried  prisoner  to  Cork 
where  he  died  of  his  wounds. 

The  dethroned  king  had  no  more  faithful  or  honoiw 
able  follower  than  Sir  James  Cotter,  f  of  Ballinspemg. 
He  was  acting  under  orders  in  passing  through  the 
county  at  the  head  of  these  armed  bands.  The  follow* 
ing  are  copies  of  original  documents,  signed  by  l>pv 
connell.  Sir  Bichard  Nagle,  and  Sir  Bichard  Cox — 
placed  at  my  disposal  by  the  Eev.  George  Cotter,  of 
Eockforest,  Mallow,  a  lineal  descendant  of  this  Sir 
James  Cotter.  The  first  is  an  order  to  **  Levy  j£200 
on  the  county  of  Corke."     It  is  given  at  Limerick| 

•  Tbriei  and  Rappartes.  <<  Forty  pounds  to  b«  raised  and  levied  of  fhe  goodi 
and  chattels  of  Charles  Carthy  and  bonogh  Mac  Carthy.  £20  of  it  to  be  paid 
to  Frances  Parker,  widow  of  Will.  Parker,  who  killed  Collaghan  MoCallagfaniy  • 
prockimed  Tory,  and  lost  his  life  in  the  service;  the  other  £20  to  be  paid  to 
Newel  for  bringing  in  a  Tory.  These  Tories  were  the  followera  of  Charles  and 
Donagh  Macartny." — JRrom  the  Cork  OrandJury  Book  for  1702. 

t  Sir  Janus  OotUr^  originally  Ottir,  or  Mac  Ottir.  They  were  ozigisallT 
Danes,  and  settled  in  Insi  Gall,  or  the  Hebrides,  in  the  middle  of  the  twaUtn 
century,  when  one  of  them  came  to  Ireland  and  assumed  the  goremownt  of 
Dublin,  or  Ath-Claith. 


tyrconnbll's  order  to  cotter.  167 

the  24th  day  of  July,  1691.     "  Tyrconnell/'  and  "  Ei 
Nagle,  K's''^gnatures,  are  original  autographs : — 

"  ORDER. 

**  To  impower  Sr.  James  Cotter  to  levy  £200  from  all  the  lands  of 
ye  Connty  of  Corke. 

<<  By  his  Grace,  Richard,  Duke  of  Tyrcomiell,  Lord  Lieut,  and 
Genii  GoTem'r  of  Ireland. 

**  Ttbconkell, 

**'  Whereas  Sr.  James  Cotter,  Ent.,  has  been  hitherto  at 
gi-eat  charges  and  expence  in  procuring  and  getting  inteUigence  of 
the  designes,  carriage,  and  indeavours  of  the  enemie  against  his 
ma'tes  army  and  liege  people,  by  which  means  they  were  often 
preyented,  and  for  the  enabling  him,  the  said  Sir  James  Cotter,  to 
carry  on  that  good  service,  and  to  continue  his  said  correspondence 
by  encouraging  and  gratifieing  the  p'son  giyeing  the  said  intelli- 
gence, wee  doe  hereby  impower  and  authorize  him,  the  said  Sir 
James  Cotter,  to  raise,  collect,  and  receive,  by  such  meanes  as  he 
shall  think  fitt,  the  summe  of  two  hundred  pounds  ster.  out  of  all 
the  lands  within  the  countie  of  Cork ;  hereby  willing  and  requireing 
the  commissioners  and  sub -commissioners,  of  the  respective  baronies 
within  the  said  countie,  to  be  aiding  and  assisting  unto  such  p'son 
or  p'sons  as  shall  be  appointed  or  named  by  the  said  Sir  James 
Cotter  in  the  collection  thereof,  for  which  this  shall  be  to  him  and 
them  a  sufficient  warr't.  Griven  at  Limerick,  the  24th  day  of  July, 
1691,  and  in  the  seventh  year  of  his  maj!f  reigne. 

**  By  his  grace's  command, 

"  Ri.  Nagle,  K." 

The  next  paper  is  also  dated  from  Limerick,  August, 
1691,  and  is  an  order  to  seize  six  hundred  pair  of 
brogues  or  pumps.*     The  soldiers  of  hoth  kings  were 

*  Brogues  or  pumps. — There  are  two  kinds  of  brogue,  the  single  and  the  double. 
The  former  has  sole  and  upper  only,  the  latter  has  a  welt.  The  former  is  more 
properly  the  brogue,  the  latter  a  shoe.  The  brogue  in  Irish  is  called  brag  gahig, 
sndTthc  shoe  l»rag  galldaj  to  distinguish  between  the  English  and  Irish  article. 
The  brogue -makers  pride  themselves  on  the  antiquity  of  tneir  trade,  and  feel  dis- 
posed to  snub  the  mere  shoemaker,  as  a  cobbling  and  imperfect  copyiit  of  their 
more  noble  art.  The  thing  now  called  a  brogue  is  nothing  more  than  a  shoe ; 
the  only  difference  is  in  the  material  ^  that  made  of  coarse  leather  is  a  brogue, 
and  that  of  fine  leather  a  shoe. 


168  HISIOBY  OF  OOBK. 

sadly  down  at  the  heels  and  out  at  the  toes.  Wooden 
shoes  and  brass  money,  had  previously  been  the  order 
of  the  day : — 

"  ORDER. 

'*  To  Sr.  James  Cotter,  to  seize  600  paire  of  shooes,  in  the  hands  of 
Cap'n  Cornelius  Mo  Gillycuddj. 

*'  By  his  Grace,  Richard,  Duke  of  Tjrrconnell,  Lord  Lieut.  Gen'U 
and  Gen'U  Govem'r  of  Ireland. 

"  Ttbconnell, 

"  You  are  forthwith  to  seize  six  hundred  paire  of  brogneSt 
or  pumps,  now  in  the  hands  of  Gapt'n  Cornelius  Mc  Gillyouddyt 
which  were  lodged  there  by  Collonell  Denis  Mc  GKllycuddy,  for  the 
use  of  the  regim't  now  belonging  to  Collonell  Charles  Moiphy, 
whereof  you  are  to  deliver  three  hundred  paire  to  Coll.  M<»rphy» 
for  the  use  of  the  said  regiment,  and  the  remainder  you  are  to  dis* 
tributhe  in  the  garrison  of  Rosse,  and  for  so  doeing  this  shall  be 
your  warrant.     Given  at  Limerick,  the  day  of  August,  16fl. 

"  By  his  grace's  command, 

"  Ri.  Nagle,  K. 
"  To  Sr.  James  Cotter,  Knt., 

Brigadeere  of  his  ma'tes 


armie." 


The  following  correspondence  does  equal  honor  to 
the  head  and  heart  of  Sir  James  Cotter  and  his  Mend 
Sir  Eichard  Cox. 

"  Carl^  July  eth,  1601. 

'«  Sib, 

"  Upon  the  score  of  our  former  acquaintance,  and  the  eivOitj 
which  you  have  used  to  our  friends  whilst  you  were  governor  here, 
and  since,  I  think  myself  obliged  to  let  you  know,  that  I  have  both 
station  and  inclination  to  serve  you.  If  it  should  happen  that  yim 
throw  yourself  upon  me,  without  capitulation,  (for  your  party  it 
certainly  ruined,  and  will  every  minute  decay,)  you  shaU,  undoubt- 
edly, be  used  as  a  man  of  honor ;  but,  if  you  are  of  this  opmion, 
bring  off  as  many  as  you  can,  and  their  arms,  because  jour  terms 


GOTIEB  AND   COX.  169 

will  be  80  much  the  better.  This  will  seem  odd  if  you  don't  appre- 
hend the  ease  desperate,  but  because  I  am  sure  'tis  so,  therefore 
you  have  this  Mendly  advertisement  from, 

"Sir, 
"  Your  Tery  affeo.  friend  and  servant, 

"  RiCHABD  Cox. 
*^  For  the  Hon.  Sir  James  Cotter,  those." 

Sir  James  Cotter  makes  the  fDllowing  honorable 
reply,  which  contains  a  beautiful  stroke  of  wit. 

*•  Sib, 

"  Notwithstanding  our  former  acquaintance,  it  seems  you  do 
not  know  me.  Whatever  I  might  have  done  with  sitting  still, 
when  laid  aside,  in  civilities — ^which,  for  justice  sake,  I  distributed 
without  distinction — ^I  am  now  convinced,  and  wiU,  I  doubt  not,  be 
in  a  condition  to  return  your  kindness,  for  reaUy  your  case  is  so 
desperate  that  you  will  soon  have  an  occasion  for  it,  and  be  con- 
fident in  anything  that  is  just. 

"  You  find  me.  Sir, 
*'  Your  very  afPeo.  friend  and  servant, 

''  Jakss  Cotteb. 
"  Give,  I  pray  you,  my  services  to  all  old  acquaintances." 

But  poor  Sir  James  was  obliged  in  the  end  to  sue 
for  protection,  which  was  freely  granted.  The  ori- 
ginal order  signed  Bar.  de  Ginkell,*  given  at  the 
camp  before  Limerick,-  the  9th  of  October,  1691,  is  a 
"protection  for  himself,  his  family,  servants  and 
tenants,  and  his  and  their  houses,  household  stuff, 
stock,  blacke  cattle,  horses,  sheepe,  come  and  goods." 
It  also  contains  a  ^^  lycence  for  him  and  his  servants 
to  keep  three  cases  of  pistolls,  three  fuses  and  three 
swords,  for  their  protection,"  The  following  is  a  copy 
of  the  protection  : — 

*  Bar.  de  Ginekell,  Earl  of  Athlone  and  Baron  Angbrim.  William  Giutaiif 
Frederick  de-Reede-de-6inkle,  10th  and  last  Earl  of  Athlone,  county  Boscommon, 
Vucount  Aghrim,  died  at  the  Hague,  May  21st.,  1844,  when  his  Englishy  or 
rather  Irish,  titles  became  extinct. 


170  mSIOBT  OF  OOBS. 


*<  By  his  Excel.  Lt.-Q6nll.  GinokeU 

Commander  in  Chiefe  of  their  Ma'tes  forces  in  Ireland. 

**  Whereas,  Sir  James  Cotter  of  Ballynsperrig,  al's  Cotter^s 
Lodg,  in  the  connty  of  Corke,  Elnt-,  is  by  the  late  capitulation  with 
the  Irish  armie,  entitled  to  his  reall  and  p'sonall  estate.  And 
whereas  he  made  suite  to  us  for  our  protection*  for  himselfb,  his 
ikmily,  servants  and  tenants,  and  his  and  theire  houses,  household 
stuffy  stock,  blacke  cattle,  horses,  sheepe,  come  and  goods*  and  also 
one  lycence  for  him  and  his  serVts  to  keep,  carry,  and  make  use  of 
for  the  defences  of  his  person,  house  and  goods,  three  oases  of  pis- 
tolls,  three  fusees,  and  three  swords.  We  doe  hereby  take  the  said 
Sir  James  Cotter,  with  his  family,  servants,  stock,  tenants,  and  his 
and  theire  reall  and  personall  estates  into  their  matestT  protection. 
And  do  hereby  strictly  charge  and  require  all  officers  and  others  of 
theire  mates^.T  subjects  to  suffer  and  permit  him,  with  his  servants, 
horses  and  armes,  to  travcll  about  his  lawful  occations  into  any 
parte  of  this  kingdome.  And  we  doe  hereby  lycence  him,  and  his 
servants,  to  use,  carry,  and  keepe  the  said  armes ;  and  all  persons 
are  hereby  required  not  to  molest  him,  or  his  servants,  in  the  quet 
enjoyment  of  his,  the  said  Sir  James  Cotter's,  reall  or  p'scmall 
estate,  att  theire  p'r'U.     Given  att  the  Camp  before  Limerick,  this 

9th  of  8ber. 

**  Bab.  db  Ginckell." 

The  following  certificate  is  copied  fix)m  the  original 
document : — 

''  Wee,  the  undernamed  of  the  Citty  of  Corke,  doe  declare  that 
during  Sir  James  Cotter's  beeing  Gh>vemor  of  the  said  Cityf  and 
County,  the  Protestants  thereof,  as  much  as  in  him  lay,  did  reoeive 
all  manner  of  countenance  and  favor  from  him,  and  that  instead  of 
being  confined  and  imprisoned  upon  all  allarms,  as  wee  vrere  by 
his  predecessors  and  successors  in  that  Government,  hee  desired  all 

•  Our  proieetion. — Protections  were  at  this  time  giren  or  sold  by  Iriih  ludfBL 
to  the  poorer  sort  of  peoplo.  ^  In  March,  the  Lord  Chief  Jurtice  jteyneU  ana  I 
went  judges  of  assize  to  Cork  and  Watcrford,  and  by  order  of  the  goTemnumt  ws 
gave  printed  protections  to  the  Irish,  for  which  we  nad  sixpence  a-piece,  M  tkttt 
wc  got  300  li.  a-piece  that  journey." — Autobiogrt^hy  of  Sir  Miehtard  Cbs^  9iUtHf 
MielMrd  Catdfim,  Saquir^  p.  13. 

t  Governor  of  thi  said  Citty.  Sir  Jumes  was  made  <'  GoYcmor  of  ihs  (Xty  of 
Cork  and  the  Great  Island  near  it,"  the  11th  of  February,  1690. 


TESTIMONT  OF   COEK  TO  OOTTEB.  171 

of  us  as  were  by  them  turned  out  of  the  citty  and  our  houses  to 
come  into  them  again ;  and  that  during  his  Oovemment  there 
should  be  no  such  hardship  put  upon  us,  which  he  justly  per- 
fonned;  for  which  reason,  and  noe  other  that  wee  could  either 
know  or  hear  of,  hee  hath  (to  our  greate  prejudice)  beene  removed, 
being  by  the  French  £EU$tion  represented  as  a  man  not  fitt  to  be 
trusted  where  any  Protestants  were. — ^All  of  which  we  hold  our- 
selves  obliged  to  certifie,  under  our  hands  at  Corke,  this  Ninth  day 
of  Deeember ,  1691. 

Daniel  C&oke,  Mayor. 


«  Sahueil  Lote,  /  ^  ^"^ 


**  Walter  Nbale,  Rect.  and  Vic.  of  St.  Mary  Shandon,  and 
Vic-G^en.  of  the  Dioceses  of  Corke  and  Rosse. 

**  John  Cabb,  William  Roberts,  John  Qillican,  Ulioh 
Greene,  Fba.  Rogers,  Edmond  Hahons." 

**  I  must  acknowledge  that  wee  received  the  above  mentioned 
kindnesses  &om  Sir  James  Cotter,  and  more  than  above  mentioned, 
but  as  to  the  reasons  of  his  being  removed  I  know  nothing. 

'*  E.  COBKE  AND  RoSSE." 

**  Sir  James  Cotter  did  carry  himself  with  much  kindness  towards 

the  English  in  the  late  times,  and  I  believe  the  other  particulars  to 

bee  true. 

"  F.  P.  PoHEBOY,  Dean. 

"  Edw.  Synge,  Rect.  and  Vic.  of  Christ  Ch.,  Corke." 

**  I  doe  hereby  certify  that  when  I,  together  with  Mr.  Will. 
Southwell  and  Mr.  Symon  Griffith,  was  sent  prisoner  from  off  the 
French  fleet  in  the  Harbour  of  Corke,  to  Sir  James  Cotter,  Gover- 
nor of  the  said  Citty,  that  the  said  Sir  James  did  use  me,  and  the 
•ther  two  gentlemen,  with  all  the  humanity  and  kindness  he  was 
able,  notwithstanding  our  being  under  sentence  for  treason  against 
the  then  Government,  and  that  he  ventured  to  favor  us  and  to  be 
kind  to  us  beyond  our  hopes  and  reasonable  expectations.  — AU  of 
which  I  certiiie,  under  my  hand,  this  12th  day  of  May,  1692. 

"  Chables  Noethcote,  Clergiman." 

The  following  paper,  complaining  of  the  treatment 
ihe  Protestant  citizens  received  at  the  hands  of  the 


172  mSTORY  OF  CORE. 

govemor,  Magilliouddy,  is  the  very  opposite  of  all 
this: — 

**To  His  Gkaoe  the  Duke  of  Bolton,  Lord  Lieutenant  General  and 
General  Governor  of  Lreland. 

**  The  humble  petition  of  the  Mayor,  Sheriflb,  and  oom- 
monalty  of  His  Majesty's  ever  loyal  City  of  Cork, 

"  Shbweth, 


**  That  the  said  city  of  Cork  is  a  very  ancient  city,  and 
a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and  pays  a  very  great  revenue  to  hit 
majesty. 

"  That  in  the  late  king  James'  time,  your  petitionera 
suffered  very  much  for  their  adherence  to  the  Protestant  interestit 
were  put  into  prison ;  and  their  suburbs,  which  make  a  oonaidar- 
able  part  of  the  city,  were  set  on  fire,  and  burned  to  the  ground, 
by  the  then  Popish  governor,  Magillicuddy,  and  notwithstanding 
he  had  before-hand  agreed  and  promised  to  save  the  said  submba, 
upon  the  payment  of  a  considerable  sum  of  money  to  him  by  yovr 
petitioners. 

**  That  your  petitioners  were  relieved  from  their  priaons 
and  their  miseries  by  king  William  of  glorious  memory,  under  the 
command  of  your  majesty's  renowned  and  victorious  general^  his 
grace  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  who  besieged  the  said  city,  and 
took  it  in  the  year  1690. 

'*That  soon  after,  your  petitioners  supplied  serml 
regiments  of  king  William's  army,  with  several  considerable 
of  money  for  their  subsistence,  for  which  your  petitioners 
received  any  satisfaction,  which  has  been  a  great  loss  to  your  peti- 
tioners, who  have  but  a  very  small  and  precarious  revenue  fbr  the 
support  of  their  corporation. 

"  That  the  several  governors  of  this  kingdom,  since  the 
said  siege,  upon  representations  that  the  walls  of  the  said  oity  ware 
of  no  strength  or  defence  against  an  army,  were  pleased  to  give 
liberty  to  open  the  same  for  gates,  in  several  places. 

''That  the  tide  ebbs  and  flows  around  the  said  oity*  and 
the  said  walls,  as  they  now  stand,  are  of  no  defence,  bat  a  charge 
to  your  petitioners,  and  that  the  ground  next,  without  the  «ud 


CITIZENS  PETITION  DUKE  OP  BOLTON.  173 

walls,  as  wen  as  the  ground  on  wHch  the  said  walls  stand,  belong 
to  yonr  petitioners. 

'*  yL&Y  it  please  yonr  grace,  in  consideration  of  the  pre- 
mises to  grant  yonr  petitioners  the  said  walls, 

"  And  your  petitioners  will  ever  pray." 

JlBUJl.   FBBKCH,  WM.      HAWKINS,  |  g. 

Mayor.  oha.s.  cottbell.  j      ®"* 

DANIBL  CBONB.  W2C.   1CA.STBBS. 

JOS.   FBA.KCKLTN.  DAITIBL   PEBOBIAU. 

B.   BNAFP.  SAM.   WILSON. 

BIOHABD  PHILLIPS.  JNO.   WHITING. 

BDWABD  HOABB.  BOW.   DELAHOIDE. 

BDWABD   BBOWNB.  PHILIPS  FBENCH. 
WM.    LAMBLET. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  adherents  of  James 
n.,  in  this  county,  whose  estates  were  forfeited.  The 
list  does  not  contain  the  name  of  the  Earl  of  Clancarty 
who  lost  immense  possessions : — 

Barrett,  Colonel  John — about  12000  acres,  barony  of  Barretts, 

£1330  17     9,  set  at  £1112. 
Barry,  Edward — ^barony  of  Barrymore,  £258  12     6. 
Barry,  John  Barry,  of  Derryloone-^barony  of  Ibane  and  Barryroe, 

£50. 
Browne,  Nicholas — barony  of  Imokilly  and  Youghal,  £125,  set  at 

£99     5. 
Coppinger,  Walter — South  liberties,  £60,  set  at  £56. 
Coppinger,  Thomas — ^North  Suburbs  of  Cork  and  Barrymore,  £74  6. 
Coppinger,  Thomas — 'South  Liberties,  £112,  set  at  £50. 
Coppinger,  Thomas,  for  life — City  of  Cork,  £38,  set  at  £25. 
DrisooU,  Cornelius — barony  of  West  Carbery,  £35,  set  at  £25  j 

and  barony  of  Condons  and  Clongibbons,  £120,  set  at  £100. 
Galway,  Arthur,  or  Ignatius  Goold— South  Liberties,  £43  15,  set 

at  £24  10. 
€kdway,  Walter — barony  of  West  Carbery,  £50. 
Galway,  Edward — ^barony  of  West  Carbery,  £27,  set  at  £20. 
Galway,  Edward— -barony  of  Carbery,  £502,  set  at  £485    9. 


174  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

Gk)old,  Ignatius,  or  Arthur  Galway— Cork  city,  £280  10,  set  at 

£283  14. 
Qoold,  Ignatius,  or  Arthur  Galway — South  Liberties,  £72,  set  at 

£67. 
Goold,  Ignatius — Liberties,  £15. 

Qould,  Ignatius  ^Equity  of  redemption  of  Ballyphilip,  sold  for  £10. 
M'Carty,  Charles— £636. 
M'Carty,  Charles,  of  Ardadugg — ^barony  of  Muskeny,  £255,  set  at 

£242. 
M'Carty,  Charles,  of  Toonadrome— £136,  set  at  £117. 
M*Carty  Teige  of  Agliss— £357,  set  at  £317. 
Murrough,  Andrew,  of  Ballintyrry — barony  of  Barry  more,  £80. 
Murrough,  Andrew,  of  Eilooolisldll — £77. 
Nagle,  Sir  Richard^barony  of  Fermoy,  £34, 
Nagle,  Pieroe — ^baronies  of  Fermoy  and  Duhallow,  £502    8     6» 

set  at  £412    2     6. 
Boache,  Maurice— Kinsale,  £8.    . 
Sarsfield,  Patrick — ^barony  of  Barrymore  and  Cork,  £1S4,  set  at 

£124. 
Sarsfield,  Dominick — ^barony  of  Barrymore,  £280,  set  at  £269. 
Wray,  Sir  Drury,  for  life— St.  Laurence's  Chapel,  or  three 

suages,  £10,  set  at  £1. 


CHAPTER   VIII. 


THE  CITY   AND  THE  COfiFO&ATION. 

Pbeyious  to  the  civil  wars,  Protestants  as  well  as 

Catholics*  were  members  of  the  Corporation,  and  filled 

the  offices  of  mayors  and  sheriffs,  and  we  do  not  find 

that  they  worked  inharmoniously  together ;  but  £rom 

1656  to  1829,  a  period  of  a  hundred  and  seventy-three 

years,  Boman  Catholics  were  disqualified  from  filling 

&e  meanest  office  in  the  council.     But  we  do  not  find 

that  the  exclusion  of  the  CathoHc,  and  his  deprivation 

of  all  civic  privileges,  produced  those  halcyon  days  of 

peace  which  some  anticipated.    Disputes  and  wrangling 

will  occur  in  the  best  regulated  communities ;  and  when 

place,  power,  and  pelf,  are  to  be  had  for  the  striving, 

we  find  those  who  have  been  reared  in  the  same  nest, 

turning  their  halcyon  backs  against  each  other.     This 

state  of  things  was  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the  Pro-> 

testant  Corporation  of  Cork.     If  we  are  to  believe  a 

writer  of  the  period,  this  common  council  was  more 

tike  a  rookery  of  crows  than  a  nest  of  young  doves. 

^He  calls  the  court  "  D'Oyer  Hundred," — a  court  of 

Lon. 

•  FroUstonU  aa  well  at  CathoUet,    Mr.  Tuckey  says^  "  Some  Protestants  werei 
~  -tonally  adn  ^d.  but  were  mostly  statesmen  or  official  persons  of  distinction.'^ 
mnst  then     e  naye  bad  the  greater  infloenoe. 


176  HISTORY  OF  CORE. 

These  contentions  assumed,  as  early  as  1718,  a  more 
decided  aspect,  by  the  formation  of  a  ^^  Liberal  Party" 
in  the  Corporation,  whose  object  was  to  wrest  the 
corporate  power,  and  the  management  of  the  ftinds, 
from  the  hands  of  a  few  men  by  whom  they  were 
abused.  The  great  and  parent  abuse,  from  which  all 
minor  abuses  sprang,  was  that  which  prevailed  in  the 
choice  of  mayor  and  sheri£&.  The  oi&cers  were  from 
a  very  early  period  elected  by  the  guild  or  "  Socictp 
of  the  Merchants  Staple  of  CtyrTc^^  who  chose  firom  their 
own  body  a  mayor  and  two  constables,  who  were  sup- 
posed to  guard  the  rights  and  public  property  of  the 
body  by  which  they  were  elected. 

"We  discover  from  one  of  the  Boche  MBS.  how  dvio 
elections  were  managed  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIIL 
^^  The  maior  and  both  the  bailivis  for  the  tyme  being, 
accordinge  the  use  and  custume  of  the  same,  ought 
and  muste  choise  and  electe  three  goode  able  men, 
that  is  to  say,  everye  of  theym  one  mane,  of  which 
three  goode  able  p'sones,  the  hole  comons  of  Coroke, 
forsaid  shall  electe  one  to  be  there  gouvenor  and  maior 
of  the  same." 

A  case  of  bribery,  on  the  part  of  the  mayor,  is  then 
put  to  the  Lords  Justices  and  Judges.  ^^  So  the  case 
is  this  —  one  of  Corcke,  forsaid,  came  to  one  of  the 
bailivis,  and  bargayned,  covenanted,  and  delivered 
unto  hym,  certeyn  some  of  money,  for  the  eleotinge 
and  choisinge  of  hym  to  that  purpose.  And  bo  he 
did,  and  was  elected  and  made  maior  by  the  hole  com- 
mons of  the  same  that  year,  by  the  meanes  of  the  said 
bailivis  six  yere  agone.  Now,  whether  the  same 
person  so  elected  and  made  maior  ought  to  have  les- 


CHOOSING   THE    MATOB.  177 

titution  of  his  money  so  delivered  in  man  aforesaid 
or  nof  The  following  is  the  decision  of  the  Court  in 
Dublin : — 

"  Wherfor  we  do  certifie  youe,  that  the  person  which  did  give 
the  money  aforsaid  to  the  other,  cannot  have  accent  for  to  recoyer 
the  same  money  again  ;  no  other  recompense,  therefore,  be  the 
order  of  the  said  law^  so  knoweth  our  Lord  who  preserve  you. 

"  Your  lovyng  frends, 

"  Gesald  Aylmsb,  Justice. 
Thomas  Lttttbell,  Justice. 
James  Bathe,  Baron. 
Thomas  Cusake. 
Mb.  Rotlobm." 

The  charter  of  James  I.,  and  the  confirmatory 
charter  of  Charles  I,,  enacted  that  the  commons,  or 
burgesses,  or  the  greater  number  of  them,  should 
meet  in  the  Guild  Hall,  or  some  other  convenient 
place,  and  continue  there  until  they  had  elected  the 
mayor  and  sheriflfe. 

"  And  we  do  by  these  presents  grant  unto  the  said 
mayor,  sheriffs  and  commons,  yearly,  and  every  year, 
on  Monday,  after  the  first  feast  of  Saint  Bartholomew, 
to  assemble  themselves,  or  the  greater  number  of  them, 
in  the  Guild  Hall  of  the  said  city,  or  in  any  other 
convenient  place  within  the  same,  and  there  continue 
until  they,  or  the  greater  number  of  them,  elect  or 
name  one  person  of  the  commons  of  said  city  to  be 
and  continue  mayor  of  said  city  for  one  whole  year,  to 
^  commence  from  the  Monday  after  the  feast  of  St. 
Michael  the  Archangel,  thence  foUowing.^^  The  two 
flberiffs  were  elected  at  the  same  time,  and  in  the  same 
i'Way.  We  may  imagine  the  excitement  and  uproar  at 
icne  of  those  courts,  when  jobbery  and  corruption  were 

VOL.    II.  12 


178  HISTOBY   OP   CORK. 

more  barefaced  than  in  these  latter  days,  and  when 
a  place  in  the  council  was  really  worth  havlDg. 
Measures  were  therefore  taken  to  arrange  these  elec- 
tions in  a  more  quiet  way.  A  bye-law  was  passed  in 
1609,  which  "  enacted,  that  the  office  of  mayoraltie 
should  be  supplied,  successively,  by  the  old  mayors  of 
the  city,  in  turn."  The  next  year  there  was  another 
bye-law,  enacting,  that  ^^none  should  be  mayor  but 
such  as  should  first  undergo  the  office  of  sheriff;  and 
that  every  mayor's  son  and  heir  shall  be  elected  and 
chosen  sheriff,  every  one  in  his  degree,  and  calling, 
and  antiquitie,  successively,  being  of  habilitie'' — ^that 
is,  capable  of  filling  the  office. 

The  reason  for  passing  this  law,  obliging  mayors' 
sons  to  serve  a  preliminary  apprenticeship  as  sherifOs, 
was,  that  ^^  great  enormitie  and  hinderances  had  re- 
sulted from  admitting  young  gentlemen  of  tender 
years,  the  sons  and  heirs  of  mayors,  to  the  offioe  of 
mayoralitie" 

This  quiet  and  hereditary  mode  of  choosing  the 
chief  magistrates  was  substituted  for  the  clamor  which 
prevailed  in  the  Guild  Hall;  but  many  thought  the 
cure  was  worse  than  the  disease,  so  another  mode  of 
election  was  adopted.  There  is  a  picturesque  castle 
on  the  banks  of  the  Lee — we  call  it  Blackrock  Castle. 
Twelve  council -men,  with  the  sheriff,  visited  this 
castle  once  a  year,  where  they  dined^  and  nominated 
three*  of  the  burgesses  as  candidates.  The  freemen 
of  D'Oyer  Hundred  then  met,  and  chose  one  of  the 
three  as  mayor  for  the  ensuing  year.  As  two  of  the 
three  were  stalking  horses,  and  unfit  to  be  elected, 

*  Nominated  three,    Bj  a  former  bje-law  only  two  were  nominated. 


CHOOSING  THE   MAYOR.  179 

through  some  incapacity,  the  favorite  of  the  twelve 
council-men  scarcely  ever  failed. 

This  was  some  improvement  on  the  former  habit  of 
nominating  ^^  young  gentlemen  of  tender  years,"  but 
it  did  not  satisfy  the  liberal  party  in  the  corporation ; 
they,  therefore,  met,  and  at  a  general  assembly  of  all 
the  members,  on  the  14th  of  January,  1721,  decreed, 
with  the  unanimous  consent  of  all  the  freemen  and 
commons,  that  all  former  customs,  usages,  bye-laws, 
ordinances,  orders  or  acts  of  council,  and  methods  of 
election,  heretofore  established  for  the  nomination  and 
election  of  mayor,  sheriffs,  or  members  of  common 
council,  be  henceforth  repealed,  destroyed,  set  aside, 
annulled,  and  made  void. 

^^  And  be  it  enacted,  ordained  and  established,  by 
the  authority  aforesaid,  that  upon  all  elections  to  be 
hereafter  made  of  mayor  or  sherife,  to  serve  for  the 
said  city  of  Cork,  the  mayor,  sheriffii,  and  commonalty, 
shall  annually  assemble  at  the  Guild  Hall  of  the  said 
city  of  Cork,  on  the  usual  day  of  election,  being  three 
calender  months  before  the  Monday  next  after  Michael- 
mas Day ;  and  that  then  and  there,  in  open  court,  the 
mayor,  for  the  time  being,  shall  order  the  names  of  all 
the  burgesses  (or  persons  who  have  served  as  sheriffs 
of  the  said  city,  and  who  shall  be  resident  within  the 
said  city,  and  no  others,)  to  be  written  in  several 
tickets,  or  small  pieces  of  paper  of  equal  bigness; 
every  ticket,  whereof,  to  contain  the  name  of  one  such 
resident  burgess,  and  no  more,  and  then  all  the  said 
tickets  shall  be,  by  the  then  present  mayor,  put  into  a 
hat,  and  five  of  the  said  tickets,  and  no  more,  shall 
Ihen,  immediately,  be  drawn  out  of  the  said  hat,  in 


180  mSTORT  OP  CORK. 

open  court y  by  a  child,  to  be  for  that  purpose  appointed 
by  the  mayor,  for  the  time  being,  and  the  names  of 
the  five  persons,  written  and  contained  in  the  said  five 
tickets  or  pieces  of  paper,  so  drawn  out  of  the  said  hat^ 
shall  be  openly  read  by  the  said  mayor,  and  that  the 
said  five  persons,  whose  names  shall  be  written  in  the 
said  five  tickets  so  drawn  out  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  the 
persons  to  stand  candidates,  and  to  be  put  in  nomina- 
tion to  be  elected  to  serve  as  mayor  of  the  said  city 
for  the  ensuing  year;  and  that  as  soon  as  the  said 
nomination  shall  be  made  by  lots,  or  ballotting,  as 
aforesaid,  that  •  then,  and  immediately  affcerward,  the 
same  day,  in  open  court,  every  freeman  and  member 
of  the  whole  city  or  body-politic,  then  present,  shall 
be  polled,  and  his  ycte  taken  for  one  of  the  said  fiye 
persons  so  put  in  nomination  as  aforesaid;  and  that 
whoeyer  of  the  said  persons  shall  appear  to  haye  a 
majority  of  the  yotes  or  suffrages  of  all  the  freemen 
then  present  shall  immediately  be  esteemed,  and  is 
hereby  declared  to  be  duly  elected  to  serye  as  mayor 
of  the  said  city  for  the  ensuing  year." 

The  manner  of  electing  the  sheriff  was  decided  at 
this  meeting  on  the  14th  of  January,  1721.  "And 
be  it  further  enacted  and  ordained,  by  the  authority 
aforesaid,  that  as  soon  as  the  nomination  and  election 
of  mayor  shall  be  annually  determined,  as  aforesaid^ 
in  open  court  of  D'Oyer  Hundred,  that  then  and  imme- 
diately afterwards,  the  same  day  eyery  year  hereafteTi 
in  open  court,  the  mayor,  for  the  time  being,  shall 
nominate  one  of  the  freemen  or  commonalty  of  the 
said  city,  not  being  an  alderman,  oonmion-oomieil 
man,  or  burgess,  to  stand  candidate,  and  to  be  put  in 


ELECnNQ  THE  SHERIFFS.  181 

nomination  on  the  election  for  one  of  the  sherifiBs  of 
the  said  city,  to  serve  for  the  ensuing  year ;  and  the 
mayor  then  newly  elected  shall  nominate  a  second 
person,  not  being  an  alderman,  common-council  man, 
or  burgess,  out  of  the  said  freemen ;  and  the  recorder 
shall  nominate  a  third  person  out  of  the  said  freemen, 
as  aforesaid ;  and  the  common-speaker  a  fourth  person 
out  of  the  said  freemen  or  commonalty ;  the  common- 
speaker  to  consult  the  freemen,  and  name  the  person 
which  they  desire  to  be  put  up ;  and  that  as  soon  as 
the  said  nomination  of  the  said  four  persons  shall  be 
made  in  manner  aforesaid,  that  then  immediately  in 
open  court,  the  same  day  every  freeman  or  member  of 
fhe  said  city  or  corporation  (then  present)  shall  be 
polled,  and  his  vote  taken  for  two  of  the  said  four 
persons  so  nominated  as  aforesaid,  and  that  the  two  of 
the  said  four  persons  who  shall  appear  to  have  the 
majority  of  the  votes  or  suffrages  of  all  the  freemen 
then  present,  shall  immediately  be  esteemed  and 
hereby  declared  to  be  elected,  to  serve  as  sheriffs  of 
the  said  city  for  the  ensuing  year." 

There  is  one  proviso  to  these  elections : — "  Provided 
always  that  the  said  mayor  or  sheriffs,  or  any  of  them 
to  be  hereafter  nominated  or  elected,  be  duly  approved 
of  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  or  other  Chief  Governor,  or 
Gk)vemors  and  Privy  Council  of  this  kingdom." 

The  following  was  the  bye-law  enacted  at  the  same 
general  meeting  for  the  election  of  a  councilman : — 

"  And  be  it  farther  enacted,  ordained^  established 
tnd  declared,  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  upon  the 
death,  resignation,  or  legal  removal,  of  any  one  or  more 
of  the  members  of  common  council,  or  number  of 


182  HISTOEY  OF  COBE. 

twenty-four,  appointed  by  the  said  recited  charter,  to 
be  of  the  common  council  of  the  city  of  Cork,  the 
mayor  for  the  time  being,  within  twenty-one  days  next 
after  the  death,  removal,  or  resignation  of  all  and  eyery 
0uch  meimber  or  members  of  the  common  ooundl, 
shall  proceed  to  the  nomination  and  election  of  such 
common  council  men,  in  such  manner  as  herein  after 
is  mentioned  and  appointed,  and  shall,  and  is  hereby 
required  to  give  public  notice  in  writing,  to  be  posted 
up  in  the  most  public  places  and  parts  of  the  said  city 
of  Cork,  of  the  day  of  such  election  to  be  in  the  Ghiild 
Hall  of  the  said  city ;  and  that  such  notice  shall  be 
posted  up  by  the  space  of  eight  days  next,  preceding 
the  day  of  such  election,  whereby  all  the  members  of 
the  said  city,  and  body  politic,  may  be  duly  assembled 
at  the  Guild  Hall  of  the  said  city,  and  the  mayori 
sheriffs  and  commonalty  being  so  assembled,  shall  pro- 
ceed to  the  nomination  and  election  of  such  member  w 
members  to  be  of  the  said  common  council,  in  manner 
following :  that  is  to  say,  that  the  mayor  shall,  in  open 
court,  order  the  names  of  all  the  burgesses  resident 
within  the  said  city  of  Cork,  (not  being  members  of 
theuK)mmon  council  before)  to  be  written  in  tickets  or 
small  pieces  of  paper,  in  such  manner  as  herein  before 
is  appointed  to  be  done  upon  the  nomination  and  eleo- 
tion  of  mayor ;  and  that  all  the  said  tickets  or  names 
to  be  put  into  a  hat,  and  five  of  them  to  be  drawn  out 
by  a  child,  to  be  for  that  purpose  appointed  by  the 
said  mayor ;  and  that  the  tickets  or  names  of  the  five 
persons  so  drawn  out  of  the  said  hat,  shall  be,  and  are 
hereby  declared  to  be,  the  persons  who  shall  stand 
candidates  for,  and  be  put  in  nomination  to  be  elected 


ELEGIINa  A  COUNCIL-MAK.  183 

for  one  member  of  the  said  common  council,  to  fill  up 
the  said  number  of  twenty-four,  according  to  the  said 
charter,  and  that  as  soon  as  the  said  nomination  shall 
be  so  made  by  lot  or  ballot,  as  in  the  case  of  nominat- 
ing mayors,  then  and  immediately  afterwards  the  same 
day  in  open  court,  every  freeman  and  member  of  the 
said  city  or  body  politic,  then  present,  shall  be  polled, 
and  then,  there  and  every  of  their  votes  shall  be  taken 
for  Hie  election  of  one  of  the  said  five  persons,  so  put 
in  nomination  as  afDresaid ;  and  that  whoever  of  the 
said  five  persons,  so  nominated  by  lot  as  aforesaid,  shall 
i^pear  to  have  a  majority  of  the  votes  or  sufiBrages  of 
all  the  freemen  then  present,  he  shall  thereupon  imme- 
diately be  esteemed,  and  is  thereby  declared  to  be  duly 
elected  to  serve  as  a  member  of  the  said  common 
council,  of  the  said  city  of  Cork." 

A  court  of  D'Oyer  Hxmdred  was  convened  on  the 
29th  of  January,  1721,  where  a  number  of  bye-laws 
were  enacted,  to  check  jobbery  and  corruption.  Here 
is  one  of  them: — 

"  And  whereas,  the  mayors  for  the  city,  for  some 
time  heretofore,  have  collected  several  petty  duties 
from  the  freemen  at  large,  contrary  to  their  rights  and 
franchises ;  which  duties,  and  all  pretence  of  right  to 
the  levying  or  taking  the  same  from  the  freemen  from 
henceforth,  to  be  abolished ;  by  which  means  the  main- 
tenance usually  allowed  the  mayor  will  be  very  much 
lessened.  It  is  enacted,  ordained,  and  agreed,  that 
the  present  mayor,  William  Hawkins,  Esq.,  shall  have 
a  salary  of  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  pounds  sterl. 
allowed  him,  for  the  support  and  honour  of  the  magis- 
tracy for  this  present  year,  to  be  paid  quarterly  by  the 


184  HISTOBT   OF  COBK. 

chamberlaiii  of  this  oity,  during  such  time  as  he  shall 
serve  as  mayor  thereof.  And  that  the  salaries  of  all 
succeeding  mayors  shall  be  fixed  the  last  Monday  in 
June,  in  open  court  of  D'Oyer  Hundred." 

This  bye-law  had  not  the  effect  of  curing  the  evil 
complained  of,  for  we  find  John  Swete,  mayor  in  1758, 
committing  a  number  of  tradesmen  to  bridewell  for 
refusing  to  pay  exorbitant  quarterage  to  their  masters. 
The  tradesmen  brought  the  matter  before  the  King's 
Bench,  where  an  attachment  was  issued  to  take  the 
mayor  into  custody.  But  he  got  off  with  a  fine  of 
£600,  ^^  provided  he  never  again  committed  the  same 
offence." 

The  conduct  of  the  common  council  is  next  over- 
hauled by  this  court  of  D'Oyer  Hundred : — 

^^And  whereas,  for  some  time  past,  the  common 
council  did  and  have  assumed  a  power  of  taking  up 
money  at  interest,  for  the  use,  or  pretended  use,  of  the 
corporation,  without  the  consent  of,  or  consulting  the 
other  freemen  and  members  thereof,  whereby  the 
revenues  of  the  city  were  often  loaded  with  unwar- 
rantable and  imnecessary  debts.  And  forasmuch  as 
this  is  a  matter  of  general  concern  to  all  the  constituent 
parts  of  the  whole  community,  and  every  member 
thereof,  and  ought  therefore  to  have  the  most  puUio 
consideration  and  sanction  thereto,  for  avoiding  the 
like  mischief  and  inconveniencies  for  the  future,  and 
that  the  city  may  not  hereafter  contract  any  debt,  but 
what  shall  be  judged  absolutely  proper  and  necessary, 
and  receive  the  most  public  assent  thereto.  It  is 
enacted,  ordained,  and  established,  and  from  henceforth 
no  money  shall  be  borrowed  or  taken  up  at  interest, 


JOBBEBT   IN  THE  COUNCIL.  185 

for  the  use  of  the  corporation,  unless  the  consent  of 
the  mayor,  sherifGs,  and  commonalty,  or  the  major  part 
of  them,  as  aforesaid,  be  first  had  in  open  court  of 
D'Oyer  Hundred:  and  further,  that  all  bonds  perfected, 
or  other  securities  entered  into,  for  any  such  sum  or 
sums  of  money  so  taken  up,  shall  be  signed  by  the 
then  mayor,  the  sheriffs,  (or  one  of  them)  and  the 
common  speaker  for  the  time  being,  and  the  city  seal 
affixed  to  them.  And  in  case  it  should  so  happen 
that  a  common  speaker,  notwithstanding  such  consent 
to  the  commons  so  first  had,  should  refuse  to  sign, 
that  the  then  commons  may  assign  any  other 
person  to  do  it;  which  signing  of  Sx  so  appointed 
shall  be  equally  yalid,  as  if  done  by  the  common 
speaker,  provided  that  the  same  be  done  openly,  in 
ihe  said  court  of  D'Oyer  Hundred.'^ 

The  next  enactment  is  a  very  wise  one : — 

^^  It  is  enacted,  ordained,  and  established,  that  from 
henceforth  no  lawsuit  shall  be  commenced,  or  defence 
in  any  one  taken,  on  the  part  or  account  of  the  corpo- 
ration, unless  the  same  shall  be  first  agreed  and  con- 
sented to  by  the  mayor,  sherifis,  and  commonalty,  or 
the  major  part  of  them,  as  aforesaid,  in  open  court  of 
D'Oyer  Hundred." 

We  find  Dominick  Sarsfield,  the  Catholic  mayor  in 
1689,  directing  Michael  Goold,  his  attorney,  to  recover 
firom  John  Cornish,  a  butcher,  the  sum  of  sixty  pounds 
— the  rent  of  Spittal  Lands — for  a  society  of  Jesuits 
then  living  in  Cork.  The  Spittal  Lands  are  now  the 
property  of  the  Cork  Blue-coat  School. 

It  was  enacted,  on  the  same  occasion,  that  no  public 
work  or  building  shall  be  undertaken  before  an  esti- 


I 


186  HISTORT  OF  OOBK. 

mate  of  the  charge  and  plan  of  the  work  is  laid 
before  the  commonaltyy  and  their  consent  obtained  in 
open  court. 

It  was  also  enacted,  '^  That  every  treasurer  and 
chamberlain  shall,  at  least  once  a-year,  bring  in  his 
accounts  to  be  audited  in  a  Court  of  D'Oyer  Hundred." 

It  was  also  enacted,  ^^  That  a  duplicate  book  of  all 
the  revenues  and  incomes  of  the  corporation,  and  of 
all  the  money  disbursed  or  issued  out  for  the  puUie 
service,  shall,  for  the  future,  be  provided  and  kept 
for  the  common  council,  which  book  shall  be  always 
brought  upon  the  table  whenever  they  assemble,  the 
said  book  to  be  prepared  and  kept  by  the  common 
speaker  for  the  time  being." 

It  was  also  enacted,  ^^  That  no  grant,  lease,  demise, 
or  conveyance  whatsoever,  shall  be  made  of  any  lands, 
tenements  or  hereditaments,  or  other  the  revenues  or 
interests  belonging  to  this  corporation,  unless  there 
shall  be  first  ten  days  public  notice  given,  by  affixing 
the  same,  in  writing,  on  some  public  place  of  the  New 
Exchange  of  this  city,  after  which  it  shall  be  put  up 
to  cant,  and  disposed  of  to  the  highest  bidder,  who, 
being  accepted  of  as  a  substantial  and  solvent  ten^it, 
shall  have  a  deed  or  lease  thereof  perfected  to  him  in 
open  Court  of  D'Oyer  Hundred." 

It  was  further  enacted,  "  That  no  gift,  grant,  or 
donation  whatsoever,  of  any  of  the  lands,  tenements^ 
or  hereditaments,  belonging  to  the  corporation,  or  of 
any  of  the  revenues,  income,  or  interests  thereof  shall 
be  good  or  valid  to  any  person  whatsoever,  unless  the 
same  be  approved  of,  and  agreed  to,  in  open  Court  of 
D'Oyer  Hundred." 


CORPORATION  PROPERTY.  187 

The  mayor  and  council  disposed  of,  from  time  to 
time,  a  great  deal  of  valuable  corporate  property. 
Nicholas  Dunscombe,  Esq.,  of  King-Williamstown, 
unites  me  to  say: — 

"  On  the  27th  of  March,  1686,  a  lease  of  the  North 
Strand  was  made  by  the  corporation  to  Alderman 
Koblett  Dunscombe,  for  399  years,  rent  £2  10s.  A 
lease  of  part  of  the  north-east  marsh  was  also  made  by 
the  corporation  to  said  Alderman  Noblett  Dunscombe 
for  eyer,  rent  £1  Is.  6|d.  A  lease  of  the  south-east 
marsh — ^the  great  marsh  of  Cork — alias  Dunscombe's 
marsh,  was  also  made  by  the  corporation  to  said 
Alderman  Noblett  Dunscombe  for  ever,  rent  £26. 
After  the  siege  of  Cork,  1691,  the  south-east  marsh, 
alias  Dunscombe's  marsh,  was  surrendered  by  said 
Alderman  Noblett  Dunscombe,  being  too  dear.  The 
council  accepted  the  surrender,  and  granted  a  new 
lease  for  ever,  rent  £10,  and  a  fine  of  £100.  Said 
Alderman  Noblett  Dunscombe  also  held  another  marsh, 
but  after  the  siege  of  Cork,  1691,  surrendered  it,  and 
some  years  after  it  was  leased  to  Mr.  Pike." 

The  corporation  let,  sold,  mortgaged,  gave,  and 
jobbed  away  their  lands  and  strands,  fisheries,  mar- 
kets, prisage  tolls,  everything.  No  young  spenthrift 
heir  ever  ran  through  a  handsome  estate  with  more 
recklessness  than  the  old  mayors  and  coimcil-men  of 
Cork.     Take  the  following.     It  is 

"  A  schedule  of  lands  hereditaments  mortgadged  by 
the  maior  and  corporation  of  Cork  to  be  redeemed : — 

**  The  fishing  pooles  with  Mr.  George  Gould,  John 
Coppinger,  alderman,  and  Mr.  Edmund  Morrough,  of 
the  said  citty,  merchant,  for  the  sum  of 200  IL 


188  HISrOBY  OF  COBE. 

^^  The  common  land,  the  two  fairs  and  the  market, 
a  pine  of  wyne  of  eyerie  shippe  or  barge  under  pri- 
sadge, 250  IL 

^^  The  fees  and  duties  of  the  market  barrel,  and  the 
fees  and  duties  of  the  water  bailifs,  with  Mr.  John 
Coppinger,  alderman,  and  with  Maurice  Boche,  of  the 
said  citty,  merchant,  for  the  sum  of ,  120  IL 

"  The  prize,  [tanen  qu  ?]  with  Henry  Gould  Ktz- 
Feeres,  of  the  said  citty,  merchant,  for  the  sum 
of ; 50  IL 

^^  The  cellars  or  shops  under  the  tollsie,  with  Edward 
Boche  Fitz-Morns,  for  the  sum  of 80  IL 

^^  The  market-house  which  Stephen  Miagh  holds  by 
lease  for  the  rent  of  xy.  li.  per  annum,  and  in  mort- 
gage, for  the  sum  of  180  IL 

"Item,  Upon  the  college,  to  Walter  Coppin- 
ger,   ••.. 80  IL 

"  Item,  Upon  part  of  the  same,  to  Mr.  John  Cop- 
pinger, 50  IL 

"  The  rent  reseryed  upon  a  pair  of  stairs,  and  a 
backside,  next  to  the  county  court,  with  Maurice 
Boche,  for  x.lLorziL 

"Item,  Upon  the  tower  which  Edmond  Pounoh 
holdeth, 15  U. 

"  That  the  eighth  day  of  August,  1627,  Dominiok 
Boche,  alderman,  appeared  before  us  in  the  tollaelly 
and  deliyered  8uj£cient  discharges  of  all  the  mortgages 
contained  in  this  schedule,  according  the  annexed 
coyenants  to  that  effect.    Witness  our  hands. 

William  Hobb,  Mayor.    Jom^  Meade,  Becorder. 
John  Coffingeb.  John  Goxtld. 

Jahes  Coffinoee.  —  Tyert. 


'the  CORK  GUILDS.  189 

We  disooyer  from  another  of  the  Boche  MSS.,  dated 
the  20th  of  March,  1620,  that  the  city  tolls  were  let 
to  Dominick  Eoche,  Alderman,  for  the  space  of  twelve 
years,  on  condition  of  his  binding  himself  to  bestow 
£200  on  ^^  a  strong  and  sufficient  gate-hottse,  in  and 
upon  the  north  gate  of  the  said  citty,"  and  "  two 
sufficient  stone  bridges  in  the  said  citty,  over  the  river 
where  the  timber  bridges  now  are  " — the  one  at  the 
north  and  the  other  at  the  south  gate.  He  stipulates 
to  do  this  work  within  ten  years,  pix)vided  there  be  no 
pestilence  or  plague  within  the  city,  or  no  war  arise, 
whereby  the  toll  or  *^  tax  may  become  of  less  value." 

There  were  twenty-four  guilds,  or  sub-corporate 
bodies  in  connexion  with  the  corporation,  who  had 
their  own  special  privileges  and  franchises.  First,  the 
merchants'  guild,  the  date  of  which  I  cannot  give. 
The  guilds  of  goldsmiths,  saddlers,  bridle  makers, 
pewterers,  plumbers,  tin-men,  lattin  workers,  founders, 
braziers,  glaziers,  and  upholsterers,  were  incorporated 
in  1657,  the  carpenters  in  1667,  the  skinners  in  1676, 
the  victuallers  in  1688,  the  masons,  1696,  the  coopers, 
1702,  the  bakers,  1708,  the  cordwainers,  1724,  the 
barkers,  1734,  the  brewers,  1743,  and  the  painters, 
sawyers,  and  brogue-makers  in  1787. 

There  was  nothing  more  common  in  those  days  than 
for  these  guilds  to  bestow  the  freedom  of  the  city  upon 
persons  who  had  no  title  or  qualification  for  such  a 
privilege.  This  was  done  by  one  of  the  guilds  electing 
the  honored  individual  as  a  member.  The  Lord 
Lieutenant  *  visits  our  city,  and  receives  its  freedom 

*  The  Lord  ZieuUtiant.-^asmarj  28th,  1781.  "The  freedom  of  the  city  W8» 
presented  to  the  Lord  Lieatcnant  m  a  gold  box,  and  to  his  secretary  in  a  silyer 
box."    Dec.  30,  1784.  The  freedom  of  the  city  was  voted  to  the  Duke  of  Butland 


190  mSTOET   OP  OORK. 

in  a  golden  box,  as  a  member  of  the  honorable  guild 
of  bakers.  A  bishop  or  an  archbishop  arriyes,  and 
receives  a  like  honor  from  the  brewers.  An  admiral 
or  a  great  general  comes,  and  there  is  a  contention 
between  the  painters,  skinners,  tailors,  and  brogue- 
makers,  for  adopting  the  gallant  stranger. 

The  sheriffs  of  Cork  waited  on  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond in  Dublin,  to  whom  they  presented  an  address 
from  the  corporation,  and  the  freedom  of  the  city  in 
a  gold  box;  and  to  Sir  Arthur  Wellesley,  who  was 
then  chief  secretary,  the  freedom  of  the  city  in  a  sUyer 
box.  The  sheriffs  were  offered  the  honor  of  knight- 
hood,* which  they  declined. 

We  know  of  no  more  noble  institution  of  our  fore- 
fathers than  that  which  bestows  political  and  civio 
privileges  as  the  reward  of  art  and  industry  in  any  of 
the  recognised  trades;  nor  one  that  has  been  more 
scandalously  perverted  from  its  original  purpose,  and 
employed  for  the  oppression  of  those — ^tradesmen  and 
mechanics— it  was  originally  established  to  aid  and 
honor.  The  honor  or  privilege  of  a  freeman  of  any 
one  of  these  guilds  is  lowered  and  degraded  by  being 
bestowed  upon  a  mere  gentleman.  A  cook  received  the 
freedom  of  Youghal  in  1689,  on  condition  that  he 
should  dress  the  mayor's  feasts ;  and  a  barber,  on  con- 
dition that  he  should  shave  the  corporation.  We  may 
smile,  but  there  was  reason  in  this,  there  was  a  quid 

in  a  gold  box,  and  to  Sir  Alexander  Schombeiv  in  a  silyer  box.  His  Boyal  BiA* 
ness  Prince  William  Henry,  arrived  in  Cork  December  2, 1787»  danced  with  MM 
Fitton,  Miss  EeUet,  Lady  Ualy,  Miss  Becher,  and  Mrs.  Azmstead^  ind  got  Ul 
freedom  in  a  gold  box. 

«  The  honor  of  knighthood,— k  story  is  told  of  this  Duke  of  Bichmond'a  bcraig 
knighted  an  inn-keeper,  with  whose  nands  he  was  delighted.  We  beliere  it  vie 
Charles  II.  who  knighted  the  rib  of  the  ox,  which  is  now  ityled  a  "  tMeikC*  By 
whom  the  ^^  Baron  of  beef "  was  ennobled  we  cannot  say. 


FREEMXN^S  BIGHTS  SOLD.  191 

pro  quo  here;  but  to  give  private  and  professional 
gentlemen  the  franchise  of  shoemakers  or  tailors — 
the  Bev.  Mr.  Gregg,  the  great  controversialist, 
votes  in  the  Dublin  corporation  as  a  member  of  the 
guild  of  tailors — is  to  rob  the  tradesman  of  his  rights 
and  civic  honors.  The  proper  door  of  admission  is  the 
possession  of  some  honest  art  or  calling.  He  that 
enters  in  any  other  way  should  be  looked  upon  as  a 
thief  and  a  robber.  But  if  tradesmen  will  give  away, 
or  sell,  or  transmit  from  father  to  son,  those  privileges 
that  belong  to  the  honest  apprentice,  as  much  as  a 
diploma  does  to  a  medical  student,  they  must  bear  the 
consequences  in  the  decrease  of  their  civic  status.  The 
freeman's  franchise  has  been  often  sold  for  five,  and 
on  some  occasions  for  one  pound.  Eichard  Fitton  tried 
his  right  to  the  freedom  of  the  city — as  the  eldest  son 
of  Mr.  Burgess  Fitton,  then  living — and  succeeded. 

But  Catholics  were  most  conscientiously  excluded. 
No  matter  what  the  character  or  qualifications  of  a 
Catholic  tradesman,  or  merchant,  the  guild  door  was 
firmly  closed  against  him.  All  the  privileges  of  free- 
men were  confined  to  the  Protestants. 

There  was  published,  at  this  time,  a  sort  of  political 
squib,  entitled,  "  The  Humble  Petition  of  Patrick 
O'Connor,"  who  was  seeking  the  situation  of  excise- 
man. He  declares,  **  upon  his  honor,"  that  he  is  *^  a 
gentleman  of  reputation,  and  an  Irish  Protestant,  who 
loves  his  king,  and  values  him  at  what  he  is  worth, 
and  wiU  fight  for  him,  or  against  him,  or  any  of  his 
relatives  or  acquaintances."  This  must  have  been  a 
hit  at  the  frequency  with  which  many  of  the  Cork 
Protestants  had  changed  sides  during  the  civil  wars. 


192  mSTORY  OF  CORK. 

The  expectant  exciseman  promises,  should  he  be  ap- 
pointed, "  to  see  all,  and  everything,  or  nothing  at  all, 
as  the  case  may  be,  of  all  such  goods  and  commodities 
as  pay,  or  should,  or  should  not,  pay  duty."  He  also 
promises  that  he  will  not  cheat  the  king  more  than 
what  is  now,  and  at  all  times,  lawMly  practised. 

How  Catholic  merchants  and  tradesmen  could  raise 
their  heads  and  flourish  as  they  did,  in  the  face  of 
such  disadvantages,  is  surprising.  A  pamphleteer, 
who  signs]  himself  Alexander  the  Coppersmith,  wrote 
"  Eemarks  on  the  Beligion,  Trade,  Government,  Police, 
Customs,  Manners  and  Maladies  of  the  City  of  Cork/' 
in  1737,  in  which  he  gives  his  friends  as  many  home 
thrusts  as  his  enemies,  for  Alexander  was  a  perfect 
Diogenes.  He  tells  the  Protestants,  that  through 
wealth,  pride,  envy  and  insolence,  they  have  lost  the 
trade  of  the  city,  which  the  Catholics  have  gained  by 
vigilance.  A  most  important  branch  of  trade  was  the 
export  of  beef  to  our  plantations.  He  sayB,  that  now 
"  French  gallies  come  hither,  always  consigned  to  a 
Popish  factor,*  whose  relations  and  correspondenoe 
abroad,  and  union  at  home,  whose  diligence  being 
more,  and  luxury  less,  than  Protestants,  will,  at  last, 
swallow  up  the  trade,  and  suck  the  marrow  of  this 
city,  and,  like  the  ivy,  will  grow  to  be  an  oak,  and 
prove  absolute  in  their  power  over  the  commerce  of 
those  on  whom  they  should  be  dependent  for  bread ; 
as  a  certain  baronet  observed,  about  four  years  ago, 
how  secure  do  men  of  that  religion  live  in  despite  of 

*  Dopish  factor.  By  the  charter  of  Charles  I.  it  is  enacted,  that  "  no  foreign 
merchant  shalU  within  the  city,  bay  from  a  foreigner,  com,  hides  or  wool,  or  any 
other  merchandize,  but  from  the  said  citizens."  We  conclude  that  these  wordf, 
strictly  interpreted,  woidd  exclude  all  who  were  not  freemen^  i.e.  Protestanti^  from 
trading  with  foreigners.    The  freemen  only  were  to  bo  the  factors. 


I 

I 


PROTESTANT  AND  CATHOLIC  DEALERS.  193 

the  law,  wMlst  Protestants  look  idly  on,  and  by  an 
easiness  of  temper,  peculiar  to  themselves,  suspend 
the  execution  of  thox  laws,  which  never  required,  not 
at  their  first  meeting,  a  more  severe  execution  than 
at  this  day. 

"  By  running  away  with  this  profitable  branch,  not 
only  the  prejudice  they  do  a  Protestant  trader,  but  the 
benefit  arising  to  Popish  dealers  and  tradesmen  is 
destructive  of  the  Protestant  interest  of  the  city.  From 
the  mutual  kindness  of  all  men  under  oppression,  and 
a  natural  hatred  of  their  oppressors,  they  deal  with 
and  always  employ  one  anotlver.  If  a  papist  at  the 
gallows  wanted  an  ounce  of  :temp,  he'd  skip  the  Pro- 
testant shops,  and  run  to  M^'  ^w  Lane,  to  buy  it ;  and 
as  the  jurisdiction  they  acl  Wledge  is  abroad,  they 
would  live  independent  of  L  e  state  at  home,  where 
they  poison  all  things  they  touch.  They  have  no  regard 
to  posterity ;  they  consider  nothing  but  the  present ; 
their  schemes  are  always  big  with  cunning,  they  want 
ingenuity,  [ingenuousness]  the  life  of  business.  In 
all  works,  regardless  of  the  future,  they  mar  the  best 
undertakings,  to  make  what  they  can  of  everything 
now." 

There  is  something  so  extravagant,  and  at  the  same 
time  so  shrewd,  in  the  remarks  of  Alexander  the 
Coppersmith,  that  we  feel  disposed  to  rank  him  as  a 
Catholic  in  disguise.  The  very  name,*  Alexander  the 
Coppersmith,  is  that  of  an  enemy  in  the  camp.  William 
Boles,  one  of  the  True-blue  Protestants  of  those  days, 
says,  he  can't  find  the  Coppersmith  in  any  of  the  reli- 

•  The  very  nam$. — "  Alexander  the  Coppersmith  did  me  much  evil.  The  Lord 
ivwmrd  him  according  to  bis  works.''—^^.  PauTs  second  JEpiitle  to  Timothyy  chap, 
4,  9.  14. 

TOL.  n.  13 


194  HISTORY  OF  OOBX. 

gious  sects  of  the  city.  ''  If  it  be  possible  to  fix  suoh 
a  yagrant  in  religion,^'  he  thinks  it  must  be  '^  among 
the  Papists."  Alexander  must  surely  be  sneering 
when  he  says,  ^^  As  the  king,  lords  and  commons  have 
agreed  upon  the  first  [the  Protestant]  to  be  the  most 
laudable  mode  of  Christianity,  I  think  every  wise  man 
must  acknowledge,  that  in  obedience  to  an  act  ofparUth 
menty  we  should  be  all  of  the  established  ohuroh." 

In  speaking  of  the  great  success  of  CathoUos,  as  the 
result  of  active  industry  in  despite  of  corporate  and 
guild  privileges,  he  takes  occasion  to  pour  the  most 
unmeasured  contempt  upon  chartered  rights,  which 
had  infiicted  more  permanent  injury  on  those  who 
possessed  them,  than  on  those  who  were  denied  them. 
He  saw  that  the  petted,  pampered,  and  spoiled  child 
had  become  the  feeblest  of  the  fiock.  ^^  After  tbe 
strictest  scrutiny  I  could  make  into  any  privilege  they 
can  squeeze  out  of  their  charter,  I  really  find  that  they 
have  a  right  merely  to  exist,  and  meet  by  courtesy  in 
the  city  court,  where,  by  the  power  of  custom,  they 
may  shut  their  door,  talk  of  their  grants,  swallow 
their  sack,  and  do  nothing."  But  they  did  do  some- 
thing, for  he  tells  us  in  the  same  breath,  ''The 
original  intention  of  incorporating  tradesmen  was  to 
discover  and  prevent  frauds  in  trade,  which  valnaUa 
qualification  they  have  converted  into  a  power  to  raise 
money,  oppress  the  workmen,  and  hunt  them  oat  of 
the  city." 

Many  of  our  Cork  merchants  must  have  been  hor- 
ribly out  at  the  elbows,*  if  anything  like  the  following 

*  Out  at  the  Mowt.-^A  bye-law  was  passed  in  1618,  requiring  ercrj  ooiUMil- 
man  who  appeared  in  court|  to  oome  in  a  good  and  aoffioient  gown  of  hit  owiiyMiid 


THE  BAILIFFS  AKD   MEBOHANTS.  196 

la  troey  that  about  a  hundred  and  fifty  of  them  paid 
tfiB  hsiliffii  80  much  a-week,  to  give  them  time  and 
mril  trcatmoit.  <^With  what  impudence  will  some 
cf  flieM  fellows  approach  a  merchant,  and  sneer  &mi* 
Enfy  in  his  face  upon  change ;  and  they  get  more  hats 
[ttfaitea]  in  walking  the  streets,  than  a  mayor  out  of 
fSeaw  If  oyer  I  see  an  honest  man  salute  a  bailiff  in 
Ab  street,  I  immediately  pronounce  him  his  prisoner." 
the  eourtiers,"  jb  Lord  Bacon,  ^^  tiiose  who 
fixBt  to  the  citizens  e  in  debt ;  those  who  bow 
to  US  [Bacon  was  f      ryer]  are  at  law." 

The  landed  proprietoi  i  or  esquires  without  Hie  city, 
no  better  off  than  the  merchants.  Mr.  Jeffi*eys, 
if  nsmey,  had  a  horse  that  was  able  to  scent  a  bailiff 
stk  my  reasonable  distance,  and  bring  his  master  off  as 
nfe  as  Tam  O'Shanter.  An  invaluable  animal  at  such 
m  period,  and  one  that  would  have  brought  a  high 
friee,  if  money  had  not  been  so  scarce. 

The  condition  of  Cork  prisons  in  the  latter  part  of 
flie  ei^teenth  century,  was  not  such  as  to  reconcile  a 
debtor  to  the  loss  of  his  personal  liberty.  It  was  not 
tin  the  year  1775  that  a  second  door  was  opened  in 
the  south  gaol,  to  separate  the  debtors  from  the  crimi- 
nals. The  debtors  in  the  south  gaol  complained| 
throng  the  medium  of  the  Cork  papers,  as  late  as 
Korember,  1782,  that  they  were  reduced  to  the  neces- 
sity of  drinking  salt  water : —  "  The  debtors  in  the 
soath  gaol  were  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  drinking 
salt  water  very  often  for  the  last  three  months,  their 
pomps  being  for  a  long  time  dry,  and  many  of  them 

•o  Vail  owed  gown,  or  ia  defiralt,  be  censured  tnd  amerced  or  excluded  fipom  his 
of  wimeinor  natil  h»  should  \mj  n  gown  it  novo. 


196  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

in  consequence  very  ill,  they  humbly  besought  the 
managers  of  the  pipe  water,  through  the  newspapers 
of  this  day,  [Nov.  20th,  1782,]  to  redress  that  great 
want." — Cork  Remembrancer. 

The  labors  of  the  philanthropist  Howard  had  not  as 
yet  told  favorably  on  the  sad  condition  of  the  prisoner. 
This  celebrated  philanthropist  visited  our  city  on  the 
18th  of  June,  17  37.  He  was  preceded  by  Sir  James 
Fitzpatrick  in  1786.  "  Sir  James  Fitzpatrick,  a  gentle- 
man of  distinguished  philanthropy,  arrived  in  this  city, 
after  having  made  a  tour  through  a  great  part  of  this 
kingdom,  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  the  prisons*  On 
the  4th  [June]  he  made  a  minute  inspection  of  the  gaols 
of  this  city  and  county,  in  which  he  discovered  many 
deficiencies  and  very  great  abuses.  On  the  5th  and 
6th  he  was  entertained  by  the  mayor  and  sherifib,  and 
on  the  7th  was  waited  on,  at  his  lodgings,  by  the 
^  Cork  Society  for  the  Relief  and  Discharge  of  Confined 
Debtors,'  who  presented  to  him,  in  elegant  binding, 
the  printed  account  of  their  proceedings  from  their 
first  institution,  with  an  address,  delivered  by  their 
secretary,  the  Rev.  Francis  Orpen." 

But  our  city  and  county  gaols  possessed  one  property, 
which  made  compensation,  at  least  to  criminals,  for 
most  of  their  ills,  it  was  easy  to  escape  from  th$m^ 
Nothing  was  more  common  in  those  days  than 
**  breaking  prison." 

"Nov.  20th,  1782.  One  of  the  criminals,  oonfine^ 
in  the  bridewell,  made  a  hole  through  the  roof,  cmt  rf 
which  he  leaped,  and  fell  on  a  number  of  barrels  on 
the  head  of  a  barrel  carrier,  who  was  acoidentally 
passing  along,  by  which  means  he  escaped. 


BBEAKINQ  PBISON.  197 

^'  Dec  27th,  1782.  The  criminals  in  the  north  gaol, 
hj  the  aflsistance  of  saws,  cut  their  way  through  the 
ioor  into  the  room  where  the  keys  were  kept,  which 
ftey  broke  open  and  got  into  the  upper  apartments, 
ad  by  making  a  rope  fast,  five  let  themselves  down 
iodo  the  streets  and  escaped ;  among  the  number  was 
fhe  noted  Jack-a-boy,  who  was  apprehended  early  on 
Mie  following  morning  at  Blackpool,  and  conducted 
Iftek  to  his  old  lodgings. 

"Sept  20th,  1785.  An  attempt  was  made  by  the 
eriminals  in  north  gaol  to  escape.  To  effect  their 
purpose,  they  broke  several  of  the  inside  doors  to  get 
to  the  top  of  the  gaol,  and  from  thence  three  conveyed 
themselves  down  by  tying  their  blankets  and  sheets 
together.  John  Callaghan,  otherwise  Jaek-a-boy,  a 
Bost  notorious  offender,  and  one  Linehan,  under  sen- 
taiee  of  transportation,  escaped;  but  the  third  was 
letaken,  under  a  boat  on  one  of  the  quays. 

^*Sept.  9th,  1787.  Three  men,  under  sentence  of 
trmsportation,  ran  out  of  the  city  gaol  upon  the  door 
being  opened;  two  of  them  were,  however,  stopped 
by  the  sentinel  on  the  bridge,  but  the  other  made  his 


"  Sept  26th,  1787.  Three  felons  in  the  south  gaol, 
under  sentence  of  transportation,  escaped  from  their 
dungeon  through  the  sewer,  and  getting  into  the  river, 
at  low  water,  waded  across  to  the  north  side,  with  bar- 
bolts  on  them.     They  were  afterwards  taken. 

**Feb.  27th,  1791.  A  felon,  confined  in  the  county 
gaol,  rushed  out,  when  the  latch  was  opened,  and  ran 
towards  Hanover  Street,  over  Wandesford's  Bridge, 
where  the  turnkey  overtook  him ;  upon  this  the  villain 


198  HISIOBY  OF  OOBK. 

snapped  a  pistol  twice  at  him,  which,  having  miaied 
fire,  he  was  immediately  apprehended. 

''  Oct.  11th,  1795.  Serjeant  MnlhaU,  of  the  105th, 
and  some  others,  who  had  been  concerned  in  the  late 
mutiny,  escaped  from  the  bridewell  of  this  city  pro* 
yious  to  their  undergoing  the  punishment  they  were 
to  have  received  for  the  offence.  It  is  said  that  the 
free-masons,  to  which  he  belonged,  were  oonoemed  in 
his  escape." 

Alexander  attributes  the  distress  and  insolvency  of 
the  merchants  in  his  time,  to  the  bankers,  who  dug  their 
graves ;  but  if  aU  he  says  of  the  profligacy,  stark  glut- 
tony, duelling,*  and  expensive  funerals  of  these  men, 
be  correct,  they  were  ready  for  their  graves  before 
they  got  into  the  bankers'  hands.    Mr.  Caulfield,  ct 
Cork,  has  contributed  the  copy  of  an  original  document 
to  the  Journal  of  the  Kilkenny  ArchsBological  Sociefy, 
(vol.  i.  pp.  75,  76,  new  series)  which  gives  us  s 
glimpse  into  the  house  of  one  of  our  city  aldennen, 
Mr.  Thomas  Bonayne,  who  flourished  in  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  before  Cork  was  in  sudia 
bankrupt  state,  f    We  shall  carry  the  reader  no  fiurther 
than  the  parlour  and  plate  closet,  premising  that  tlia 
bed-chambers  had  a  fair  supply  of  feather  beds  and 
good  linen  sheeting,  and  the  kitchen  a  due  stook  (d 
plates  and  dishes,  kettles,  pans,  brewing  vats,  and  pM 
for  aquavitaB,  of  which,  as  Sir  George  Carew  wool^ 


*  BueUing, — Alexander  twits  the  Cork  merchanta  with  qnazreQing  "qB'< 
where  cowardt  are  bound  over.  The  man  who  draws  hia  iwoxd  on  ftfl  '> 
would  creep  into  its  empty  scabbard  from  real  danger." 

t  Before  Cork  %oa»  in  tueh  a  bankrupt  $UUe. — ^Dean  Swift,  wbo  Tinted  Ooik  ^ 
1706,  says,  "  Cork,  indeed,  uhu  a  place  of  tnde,  bnt,  for  acme  yetti  pMl|  il  ^^ 
gone  to  decay,  and  the  wretched  merchants,  instead  of  being  dMltt%  m  padl^ 
and  cheats." 


AN  ALDBRMAN^S  HOUSEHOLD.  199 

y  ^'  no  Irish  gentleman's  house  is  disfomished." 
We  oommence  with  three  drawing  boards,  Yalue  £4 ; 
mx,  stools,  ooyered  with  Turkey  carpet,  £1 ;  fonr  plain 
MhMlb,  68. ;  twelve  chairs,  great  and  small,  £2 ;  two 
ftMWiw  for  china  we  conclude — £1 ;  two  round  tables, 
16t. ;  one  Turkey  carpet,  £1.  The  plate  closet  contains 
silyer  quilted  Salter;  one  large  and  three  small 
wine  bowls ;  one  silver  beer  bowl,  and  a  dozen 
■trer  spoons.  There  is  also  a  little  jewellery,  a  gold 
■ad  a  silyer  chain.  The  whole  household  stock  is 
^efaned  at  about  a  hundred  pounds.  A  very  moderate 
Mm  for  an  alderman  in  those  days.  There  was  no 
SKtimYagance  here.  But  this  was  long  before  the  Cop- 
pMuuths'  time,  and  before  things  had  gone  to  the  bad. 

Alexander's  remark  on  expensive  funerals  seems  to 
be  borne  out  by  the  will  of  a  respectable  citizen,  named 
Zaehary  Travers,  who  directs  that  he  be  ^^  buried  with- 
out the  pomp  of  aldermen."*  Owen  Began  was  a 
thirsty  soul,  and  a  man  of  a  different  mould,  for  he 
ordered  a  piper  to  play  before  his  corpse,  from  his 
Isrose  to  the  grave,  and  a  gallon  of  ale  to  be  poured  on 
Usooflbi,  which  order  was  duly  complied  with.  A 
man  has  been  brought  to  life  by  pouring  a  scalding 
tumbler  of  punch  down  his  throat,  but  never  by  ale. 
Here  we  may  note  that  one  Francis  Taylor,  who  had 
been  buried  in  8t.  Peter's  church-yard,  on  the  1 9th  of 
AprU,  1763,  was  found  the  next  morning  ^'  sitting  up 
in  his  grave,  with  his  hands  fall  of  clay."  Bodies 
were  laid  near  the  surface  in  those  days,  a  fortunate 
circumstance  for  Francis  Taylor,  but  unfortunate  for 

^  With  ^99^  o/aUUrmtn.    A  nuiyor  of  Cork  tsked  Bifhop  Ltoo'i  permiffioa 
Id  attend  ku  wift'i  funeral  with  swonl  and  maoe,  and  pomp  of  alaennen;  and  wv 
Th«  biikop  woold  admit  no  iwoid  or  maoe  to  oTertopUf  mitre. 


200  HI8I0BY  OF  OOHK. 

the  health  of  the  citizens  generally^  and  for  those  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  St  Peter's  church  in  partionlar. 

Some  of  the  Protestant  churches  were  going  to  de^ 
cay  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  as  hat 
as  the  Protestant  merchants.  An  act  was  passed  in 
1735,  by  the  corporation,  ^^  that  the  cathedral  church  of 
St.  Fin-Barry,  in  the  city  of  Cork,  was,  by  length  of 
time,  grown  so  ruinous  and  decayed,  that  it  was  not 
safe  for  the  inhabitants  of  said  parish  to  attend  diyine 
service  therein,  and  that  it  had  become  absolutely 
necessary  to  pull  down  the  same  in  order  to  have  it 
rebuilt,  and  that  the  economy  of  the  dean  and  chapter 
belonging  to  said  cathedral,  by  reason  of  the  smallness 
of  its  fund,  and  that  the  inhabitants  of  said  parish, 
by  reason  of  their  poverty,  were  unable  to  support  the 
whole  charge  of  rebuilding  the  cathedral." 

Another  act  was  passed  by  the  said  corporation— « 
^^That  the  parish  of  Saint  Nicholas,  in  the  south 
suburbs  of  the  city  of  Cork,  was  so  small,  and  the 
bounds  thereof  so  intermeddled  with  other  small  oon- 
tiguous  parishes,  or  parts  of  the  said  south  liberties, 
called  and  described  by  the  name  of  parishes  (and  in 
which  no  church  was  or  could  be  built),  that  no  pro* 
vision  could  be  made  for  the  support  of  a  clergyman 
to  officiate  in  the  church  then  built,  in  said  parish, 
nor  even  to  repair  said  church,  and  in  which,  on  that 
account,  there  had  been  no  divine  service  for  some 
time,  and  that  said  church  was  in  danger  of  going  to 
ruin.  And  also  reciting  that  the  inhabitants  of  the 
parishes,  or  parts  of  the  south  liberties  called  by  these 
names,  viz.,  St.  Bridget's,  St.  John's  of  Jerusalem,  St. 
Nicholas's,  St.  Stephen's,  St.  Mary's,  and  St.  Domi* 


PS0TE6TANT  AND   CATHOLIC  CHUBCHES.  201 

nick's,  had  there  no  church  to  resort  to  for  the  public 
worship  of  God,  for  remedy  whereof  it  was  enacted, 
that  the  Bishop  of  Cork,  with  the  approbation  of  the 
archbishop,  and  consent  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  and 
a  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  parishes, 
might,  at  a  vestry  in  St.  Nicholas's  church,  unite  said 
parishes  to  St.  Nicholas's  parish  for  ever,  provided, 
however,  as  the  parish  of  St.  Bridget  was  then  the 
corps  of  the  chancellorship  of  the  cathedral,  that  the 
united  parish  of  St.  Nicholas  should  ever  thereafter  be 
deemed  and  construed  to  be  the  corps  of  the  chancel- 
lorship of  same,  and  that  the  chancellor  of  the  cathe- 
dral  should  be  deemed  and  become,  to  all  intents  and 
purposes  whatsoever,  the  rector  and  minister  of  said 
united  and  newly  erected  parish  of  St.  Nicholas. 

The  Catholic  faith  and  worship  were  advancing  as 
fast  as  the  Protestant  religion  was  declining : — 

"  A.D.  1698.  There  were  in  this  county  30  regular 
clergy  and  97  seculars,  of  whom  75  were  this  year 
shipped  off  from  Cork,  their  passage  and  provisions 
being  paid  for  by  act  of  parliament. 

"A.D.  1703.  Sixty- two  Eoman  Catholic  priests 
were  registered  in  the  county  and  city  of  Cork,  of 
whom  fifty-two  were  in  the  county  and  four  in  the  city. 

"A.D.  1729.  The  north  and  south  chapels  weie 
built. 

"A.D.  1732.  According  to  a  return  made  by  the 
hearth-money  collectors  in  this  and  the  following 
year,  there  were  in  the  city  of  Cork  2,569  Protestant 
and  6,398  Eoman  Catholic  families." 

Alexander,  after  descanting  on  the  decay  of  the 
Protestant  and  the  increase  of  the  Boman  Catholic 


202  mSIOBT  07  OOBK. 

faith,  gives  the  ProteBtants  of  all  denominatioiui  the 
following  good  advice,  which  we  have  somewhat  oon- 
densed.  He  recommends  them  to  seek  the  good-wiU 
of  their  flocks,  not  by  crouching,  but  by  waUdng 
uprightly ;  he  teUs  them  to  visit  the  sick  m  pur9e^  as 
well  as  the  sick  in  body  and  soul ;  that  tbey  should 
heal  fractures  among  neighbours,  by  cordial  interposi- 
tions ;  he  says  that  ^^  many  preachers  are  weU  skilled  in 
the  dark  Back-shambles  of  divinity,  lose  their  way 
in  the  Main  street  of  religion."  ^^  As  to  the  younger 
dealers  in  divinity,  of  whom  this  city  is  pretty  well 
stocked,  they  belie  the  register-book,  out-date  their 
age,  set  their  faces  in  a  frame,  and  plait  their  brows 
into  such  an  affected  sadness  as  makes  Christianity 
look  uncomfortable."  We  forgive  the  Coppersmith 
all  he  has  said  of  the  butter-dealers  for  this  good 
advice. 

The  Earl  of  Orrery,  writing  to  Dean  Swift  in  1736, 
says,  ^^The  butchers  are  as  greasy,  the  Quakers  as 
formal,  and  the  Presbyterians  as  holy  and  full  of  the 
Lord,  as  ever.  All  things  are  in  statu  quo :  even  the 
hogs  and  pigs*  grunt  in  the  same  cadence  as  of  yore. 
Unfurnished  with  variety  and  drooping  under  the 
natural  dulness  of  the  place,  materials  for  a  letter  are 
as  hard  to  be  found  as  money,  sense,  honestyi  or 
truth." 

On  the  14th  of  May,  1764,  nineteen  master-barben 
were  convicted  at  the  quarter-sessions  of  exerdsiDg 
the  functions  of  their  trade  on  the  Lord's  day,  and 
ordered  to  pay  a  crown  fine  for  each  offence.    One  of 

*  Eoen  Uu  hogi  and  pifft.    The  city  was  at  one  time  lo  orer-nm  vitk 
«nima^  that  the  mayor  WW  obliged  to  let  i?(i7-^h9w  to  abate  tt^ 


HALF-FENNY  8HA7BBS.  203 

them  was  found  guilty  of  shaying  three  peESons  at  a 
half-penny  each,  for  which  he  was  fined  three  orowna. 
He  was,  however,  excused  from  paying  the  fines,  upon 
promising  not  to  offend  again* 

It  would  appear  from  the  foregoing,  that  the  wrath 
of  the  prosecutors — ^whom  we  conclude  were  members 
of  the  honorable  guild  of  barbers — ^was  levelled  against 
the  half-penny  shave.  ^^  To  shave  a  gentlemaui  and 
powder  his  five  sons'  hair,''  cost  five  shillings  a-quarter 
about  a  hundred  and  twenty  years  ago,  but  we  can 
draw  no  conclusion  firom  this,  as  we  are  not  able  to  say 
how  often  a  gentleman  shaved  in  the  quarter. 

The  following  was  a  more  serious  nuisance  flian  that 
of  shaving  for  a  half-penny,  but  we  do  not  find  it  sup« 
pressed: — 

'^  April  16,  1764. — ^A  great  number  of  fellows  were 
at  this  time  in  the  habit  of  assembling  in  Hammond's 
Fields,  near  Blarney,  every  Sunday  evening,  many  of 
them  armed  with  swords,  in  open  contempt  of  magis- 
tracy, where  they  divided  themselves  into  two  parties, 
in  order  of  battle,  and  generally  maintained  a  running 
fight  for  several  hours,  in  which  some  of  both  parties 
seldom  failed  getting  broken  heads ;  from  thence  some 
of  their  leaders,  after  their  evening's  diversion,  used 
to  remove  the  scene  of  action  to  the  city,  and  continue 
rioting  the  remainder  of  the  night.  Before  the 
beginning  of  the  previous  war — ^when  knocking  down, 
street  robberies,  and  sometimes  murders,  were  so  fre- 
quent here,  that  the  inhabitants  were  afraid  to  stir 
outside  their  doors  after  night-fall — it  was  in  those 
same  fields  that  the  ruffians  assembled." — Tuck^^ 
p.  140. 


204  HISIOBT  OF  GOBK. 

Highway  robbery  and  burglary  were  of  frequent 
occurrence  both  in  city  and  county.  A  tailor  named 
Patrick  Bedmond  was  hanged  in  G^ows  Green,  on  the 
10th  of  September,  1766,  for  robbing  the  house  of 
John  Griffin.  He  was  cut  down,  after  hanging  exactly 
nine  minutes.  An  actor,  named  Glover,  succeeded,  by 
dint  of  friction  and  fumigation,  in  restoring  the  circu- 
lation, and  bringing  him  to  life.  He  rose,  got  drunk, 
and  went  that  night  to  the  theatre  to  return  Glover 
thanks,  to  the  consternation  and  horror  of  the  whole 
audience.  He  was  the  third  tailor  that  had  outlived 
hanging  during  ten  years. 

That  very  clever  thief,  Jack-a-boy,  gave  the 
authorities  great  trouble,  for  he  was  as  agile  as  a 
monkey,  and  had  displayed  the  same  ability  in  gettMg 
out  of,  that  he  did  in  getting  into  prison.  He  was 
more  than  once  whipped  from  the  North  to  the  South 
gate,  without  curing  him  of  his  propensities.  A 
daring  robber,  named  Bill  Thunder,  was  shot  down — 
after  various  hair-breadth  escapes — by  a  party  of 
gentlemen,  near  Mallow.  These  robbers  and  burglers 
enjoyed  a  large  portion  of  the  public  sympathy.  Take 
the  following  example : — 

*^  April  18,  1767. — Jeremiah  Twomey  was  executed 
at  Gallows  Green  for  robbing  the  dwelling-house  of 
Joanna  Norton,  at  Crosses  Green.  Her  husband  was 
so  ill-treated  the  night  of  the  robbery,  that  he  died  in 
some  time  after.  Twomey  was  convicted  of  the  robbery 
alone.  The  general  opinion  was  that  he  died  innooent» 
in  consequence  of  which  the  mob  brought  him  from 
the  gallows,  in  his  coffin,  to  the  prosecutor's  door, 
where  they  bled  him,  took  the  rope  off  his  nedc,  threir' 


PUBUC  EXECUTIONS  AND   PILLORY.  205 

it  in  the  window,  besmeared  the  door  and  window- 
shutters  with  his  blood,  whilst  showers  of  stones  were 
pelted  at  the  windows  from  every  quarter.  During 
this  time,  Mrs.  Norton  resolutely  defended  her  house, 
threw  the  rope  into  the  South  river,  and  fired  several 
shots  at  the  mob.  No  person  was,  however,  hurt.  A 
party  of  soldiers  soon  came  to  her  assistance,  some  of 
whom  were  left  as  a  guard  all  night  at  the  house. 

"  On  the  following  day,  as  the  executioner  was  pass- 
ing through  the  Main  Street,  he  was  attacked  by  the 
populace,  who  followed  him  a  mUe  out  of  town,  pelting 
him  with  sticks  and  stones,  by  which  he  was  des- 
perately wounded ;  he  was  brought  on  a  oar,  by  the 
dieriffs,  to  the  South  Infirmary.  What  more  particu- 
larly exasperated  the  mob  against  him  was,  his  having 
stripped  Twomey's  shoes  off,  while  the  body  was  hang- 
ing, claiming  them  as  a  perquisite  of  his  reputable 
profession." — Tuchey^  p.  148  &  149. 

We  had  in  those  days,  as  well  as  the  present,  female 
thieves  and  pickpockets.  "  During  the  interment  of 
a  corpse  in  St.  Fin  Barry's  church-yard,  a  young 
woman,  decently  dressed,  was  detected  picking  a  gen- 
tleman's pocket,  which  he  soon  discovered,  and  on 
examining  her,  found  no  less  than  seven  handkerchiefs 
upon  her,  which  were  restored  to  the  owners.  The 
populace,  afterwards,  set  the  culprit  in  the  stocks, 
where  they  threw  several  things  at  her,  till  it  was 
thought  she  received  sufficient  punishment  for  such 
practices." 

The  pillory  was  at  this  time  quite  an  improved  ma- 
chine. It  turned  on  a  swivel,  so  that  the  full  face  of 
the  tortured  culprit  might  present  a  fair  target  for  the 


206  HISTDRT  OV  CORK. 

rotten  eggs,  dirt  and  stones  of  every  imp  in  the  rabble 
ring. 

A  shoemaker  underwent  the  newly-adopted  operation 
of  tarring  and  feathering,  on  the  24th  of  August,  1784. 

We  are  disposed  to  rank  the  pillory  and  tarring  and 
feathering  under  the  head  of  popular  amusements. 
In  the  same  class  we  may  place  cock-fighting  and 
bull-baiting.  The  former  was  deemed  a  sport  fit  for  a 
gentleman.  ^^  March  7th,  1767.  A  great  cock-matoh 
between  Bichard  Longfield,  of  Castle-Mary,  in  the 
county  of  Cork,  and  Mr.  Burton,  in  the  county  of 
Carlow,  ended  and  was  won  by  the  latter." 

This  sport  was  held  in  high  esteem  in  England, 
where  ^^  a  pious  old  cock-fighter  "  ordered  that  a  main 
should  be  fought  on  his  coffin  lid  before  he  was  buried. 
Throwing  at  cocks  was  not  in  the  same  repute. 
"February  4th,  1770.  This  day,  to  the  disgrace  of 
Christianity  and  breach  of  the  Lord^s  day,  a  number 
of  grown  fellows  assembled  in  different  parts  of  the 
city  to  partake  of  the  cruel  amusement  of  throwing  at 
cocks,  which  it  was  expected  would  continue  till 
Shrove-tide." 

Bull-baiting  was  also  esteemed  a  plebeian  sport. 
"June  11th,  1770.  Some  inhuman  savages  forcibly 
took  a  bull  in  the  north  suburbs,  and  after  having 
driven  him  through  the  city  with  dogs,  had  him 
baited  in  the  south  suburbs  for  some  hours,  when  the 
tormented  creature  ran  from  their  carnage  back  into 
the  city,  which  obliged  the  inhabitants  to  shut  up 
their  shops,  and  put  an  end  to  all  business ;  the  bull 
being  unable  to  proceed  further  than  Broad  Lane,  was 
there,  and  near  the  Exchange,  baited  by  dogs  and 


ANONTHOns  LBTIEB-BOX.  207 

their  l)rother  brutes^  armed  with  Btioks,  for  near  five 
hours;  and  after  having  frightened  four  pregnant 
women  into  fits,  tossed  a  horse  nearly  as  high  as  a 
sign-post,  threw  a  decrepid  beggar  and  a  standing  of 
stockings  into  the  kennel,  gaye  up  the  remains  of  his 
tortured  life  in  a  narrow  lane,  much  to  the  disappoint- 
ment of  his  savage  persecutors,  and  to  the  loss  of  his 
owner." 

A  similar  practice  prevailed  in  bofli  Dublin  and 
London.  Spitalfield  weavers,  as  late,  at  least,  as  181 8, 
were  in  the  constant  habit  of  driving  these  animals 
stark  mad.  I  suspect  that  some  of  these  inhuman 
sports  were  imported  into  Ireland  from  the  other  side 
of  St.  George's  channel. 

A  curious  mode  of  abating  public  nuisances  was 
adopted  by  the  mayor  in  1786 — ^that  of  "  an  ananfftnous 
Utter 'loxy  This  was  placed  near  the  Exchange. 
This  reminds  us  of  the  Lion's  Mouth,  at  St.  Mark's,  in 
Venice,  through  which  every  cowardly  assassin  whis- 
pered his  spite  into  the  ear  of  the  doge  and  the  council 
of  three.  But  we  can  make  allowance.  "We  conclude 
that  the  following  note,  addressed  to  the  sheriffs  in  the 
October  of  1772,  was  a  fair  specimen  of  the  letters 
that  might  be  dropped  into  the  anonymous  letter  box : 
"  Several  of  the  inhabitants,  who  live  near  the  Ex- 
change, present  their  respectful  compliments  to  the 
iiew  sheriffs,  to  remove  a  most  flagrant  nuisance  from 
before  their  doors,  that  of  a  Breeches  Market^  held 
there  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday,  to  the  great 
^ixnoyance  of  passengers,  and  highly  indiscreet,  as 
Overgrown  fellows  are  frequently  fitted  with  small- 
clothes in  view  of  the  females  who  pass  by.*' 


208  HISTOHT   OF  GORS. 

If  we  are  to  believe  Sir  Henry  ChristoU,  or  Castide, 
the  Irish,  at  one  time,  wore  no  breeches.  "  The  fourth 
day,"  says  this  good  knight,  in  his  narration  to  Frois- 
sart,  "  I  ordayned  other  tables  to  be  covered  in  the 
hall,  after  the  usage  of  Englande,  and  I  made  these  four 
kings  to  sit  at  the  hyghe  table,  and  their  minstrels  at 
another  board,  and  their  servants  and  varlets  at  another 
beneath  them,  whereof  by  semynge  they  were  displeased 
and  beheld  each  other,  and  wolde  not  eate,  and  sayd 
howe  I  wolde  take  from  them  their  good  usage,  where- 
in they  had  been  nourished.  When  they  had  heard 
that  they  suffered  it,  because  they  had  put  themselves 
under  the  protection  of  the  King  of  England,  they 
persevered  in  the  same  as  long  as  I  was  with  them* 
But  yet  they  had  one  custom,  which  I  knew  well  was 
used  in  their  countrye,  that  tvaSj  they  dyde  wear  no 
brecheSj  so  I  caused  breches  of  lynen  clothe  to  be  made 
for  them." 

A  more  serious  nuisance  than  that  of  the  breediies 
market  was  that  of  public  rioting,  which  was  carried 
to  a  fearful  extent  during  the  latter  half  of  the  18th 
century.  The  mayor  of  1761,  Andrew  FranHin,  had 
a  Serjeant  and  twelve  men  to  mount  guard,  at  his  door, 
during  his  last  three  months  of  office. 

"April  28th,  1768.  For  some  weeks  past  a  great 
number  of  idle  vagabonds  had  annoyed  the  city,  by 
assembling  in  different  parts  of  the  suburbs  on  the 
Sabbath  day,  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  and  hadkiagi 
not  only  one  another,  but  any  of  the  inhabitants  who 
might  fall  in  their  way.  Several  pitched  battles  were 
appointed  to  be  fought  by  these  gentry  about  the  May- 
pole." 


i 


TRADE   RIOTS.  209 

''  December  31st,  1769  : — ^Bioting  had  beoome  so 
common  in  this  city,  that  it  was  not  safe  for  any  person 
to  stand  at  his  door  without  some  weapon  of  defence, 
a  most  glaring  instance  of  which  appeared  this  evening. 
Four  peaceable  persons,  near  the  Exchange,  (two  of 
whom  were  women)  were  insnlted,  cut,  and  beaten,  by 
one  Mat  Beily,  a  journeyman  saddler,  a  most  notorious 
offender,  who  came  up  to  them  severally  armed  with  a 
knive,  hammer,  and  stick,  and  used  them  as  above,  for 
no  other  reason  than  bidding  him  go  about  his  business. 
Informations  were  immediately  lodged  against  him,  and 
a  parish  constable  took  him  prisoner;  he  afterwards 
rescued  himself,  and  nearly  murdered  the  constable ; 
but  he  was  subsequently  retaken." 

Some  of  these  were  trade,  and  others  food  riots. 
The  tradesmen  of  Cork  and  Dublin  were  at  fierce  war 
in  1766  and  the  following  years.  Six  hundred  and 
forty  pounds  was  granted  in  1766,  to  Samuel  Beale, 
Sobert  Stevally,  John  Litchfield,  Mary  Simmons,  and 
Thomas  Beeby,  in  compensation  for  goods — manufac- 
tured in  Dublin — and  which  had  been  destroyed  on 
their  way  to  Cork,  by  a  riotous  mob. 

"January  11th,  1772. — A  number  of  men  this 
evening,  with  their  feces  blackened,  and  armed  with 
hangers  and  bludgeons,  entered  the  shop  of  a  respect- 
able citizen,  a  woollen  draper,  near  North  Bridge, 
where  they  behaved  in  a  most  riotous  and  cruel  man- 
ner, put  out  the  candles,  broke  his  shop  windows  in 
pieces,  and  cut,  spoiled,  and  carried  off  large  quanti- 
ties of  his  goods.  No  reason  could  be  assigned  for 
this  outrage,  but  that  he  sold  English  and  Dublin 
goods.*' 

▼OL.  n.  H 


mo  HISTORY  OF   COBE. 

**  January  15th,  1772. — Some  carts  on  their  way  to 
the  city,  with  goods,  were  attacked  near  Dablin-hiU  by 
a  number  of  misguided  people,  who,  by  throwing  great 
quantities  of  stones,  obliged  several  of  the  owners,  who 
were  escorting  them,  to  fly  and  leave  the  goods  to  their 
examination,  which,  after  opening  a  box  or  two,  they 
suffered  to  pass.'' 

*^  April  1st,  1772. — ^Four  men  destroyed  a  sloop  near 
the  Old  Draw-bridge.  She  had  a  loom  on  board,  of  a 
new  construction,  which  had  been  brought  from 
Dublin." 

The  woollen  trade  of  Cork,  and  Dublin  also,  was 
destroyed  by  the  act  passed  in  the  reign  of  William 
and  Mary  for  discouraging  the  Irish  woollen  trade. 
Addresses  were  presented  in  June,  1698,  to  the  Houses 
of  Lords  and  Commons  against  the  Irish  woollen  trade, 
when  William  III.  used  these  remarkable  words :  "  I 
shall  do  all  thai  in  me  lies  to  discourage  tJie  woollen  fnanu- 
faciure  in  Ireland^  and  to  encourage  the  Unm  trade  ^ 
therCy  and  to  promote  the  trade  of  England.^^ 

The  trade  of  a  country  takes  a  long  time  dying  as 
well  as  growing,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
woollen  trade  of  Cork  and  Dublin  received  a  mortal 
thrust  in  1698.  On  the  22nd  of  July,  1754,  that  is 
flfty-six  years  after  the  king  had  given  this  gracious 
reply  to  the  English  woollen  manufacturers,  four  hun- 
dred weavers  and  combers  walked  in  procession  to  the 
Cork  gallows — a  very  significant  place — with  an  effigy, 
we  are  not  told  of  whom,  dressed  in  chintz  and  foreign 
cotton,  which  they  burned.  They  went  farther  than  this^ 

*  Linen  Trade, — The  success  of  the  linen  trade  was  owing,  ai  we  bttve  ahflWi^ 
ToU  ii.y  p.  47,  to  the  exertions  of  the  Earl  of  Strafford. 


FOOD   RIOTS.  211 

for  several  linen  and  cotton  gowns  were  burned  on  the 
backs  of  the  wearers,  being  sprmkled  with  aqua-fortis. 

Food  riots,  as  a  natoral  consequence,  follow  trade 
riots.  The  people  cry,  first,  "  give  us  work:  we  are  able 
and  willing  to  do  it."  When  this  cannot  be  had,  their 
cry  is  "  Iread  !  "  and  a  terrible  cry  it  is. 

"  Oct.  18, 1765.  A  mob,  consisting  of  several  hun- 
dred of  butchers  and  weavers,  armed  with  hatchets, 
cleavers,  long  knives  and  sticks,  went  through  the 
city,  and  visited  several  of  the  merchants'  cellars  in 
search  of  meat  and  other  provisions,  which  it  had  been 
reported  were  cellared  up  for  exportation.  They  found 
little,  besides  some  empty  hampers,  of  which  they 
made  a  bonfire  on  Mall  Isle,  supposing  they  were 
designed  for  transporting  provisions  in.  They  were 
put  down  by  the  military,  headed  by  the  city  sheriffs, 
who  apprehended  seven  of  the  most  forward  of  them 
and  committed  them  to  the  city  gaol,  but  soon  after- 
wards liberated  them." 

Provisions  were  so  scarce  this  year  that  the  mayor 
gave  notice,  that  if  any  were  shipped  for  exportation 
he  would  ^^  cause  the  same  to  be  unladen  and  sold  in 
the  public  market." 

"  March  12th,  1778.  A  mob  assembled  in  the  city 
and  its  suburbs,  under  pretence  of  searching  for  pro- 
visions, alleged  to  have  been  for  exportation  to  the 
North  of  Ireland,  and  destroyed  a  great  deal  of  property, 
breaking  the  doors  and  windows  of  several  of  the  mer- 
chants' warehouses,  and  cutting  down  the  masts,  and 
destroying  the  rigging  of  ships.  During  the  riot,  some 
shots  were  fired,  which  killed  two  men  and  wounded 
several" 


212  mSTOBT  OF  OORK. 

Wheat  was  at  this  time  about  29s.  6d.  a  bag ;  oats 
and  meal,  2s.  8d.  a  peck ;  and  potatoes,  5d.  a  wdght 
of  21  lbs.  The  following  list  gives  us  the  weight  and 
price  of  the  household  loaf,*  and  the  price  of  wheat, 
meal,  oats,  and  potatoes  in  Cork,  from  1771  to  1800 
inclusive : — 


Tear. 

Weight  of  the 

Six-pennj 
Hooiebold  loaf: 

Wheat 
per  Bag. 

Oatmeal 
per  Peek. 

Ftitatoea 
per  Weight 

lh». 

OB, 

dr$. 

«.     d. 

A 

A 

9. 

d. 

1771 

5 

4 

0 

23    0 

2 

8 

0 

5 

1772 

4 

15 

0 

27    6 

3 

3 

0 

7 

1773 

4 

10 

0 

28     6 

2 

2 

1774 

4 

4 

0 

30    6 

0 

10 

1775 

6 

0 

1 

27    0 

2 

0 

0 

4 

1776 

5 

0 

7 

24    6 

3 

0 

0 

8 

1777 

5 

7 

2 

24    0 

2 

0 

0 

H 

1778 

4 

6 

4 

29     6 

2 

8 

0 

6 

1779 

5 

15 

5 

21     0 

2 

2 

0 

S 

1780 

6 

6 

1 

18    6 

2 

2 

0 

3 

1781 

4 

14 

0 

25     0 

2 

8 

0 

6 

1782 

4 

4 

0 

30    0 

2 

8 

0 

4 

1783 

4 

6 

0 

30    6 

3 

8 

0 

9 

1784 

3 

12 

7 

34    0 

3 

4 

0 

6 

1785 

6 

15 

5 

21     0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

1786 

4 

8 

2 

27     6 

3 

8 

0 

9 

1787 

4 

14 

0 

25     6 

3 

0 

0 

H 

1788 

5 

0 

1 

24    6 

3 

0 

0 

4 

1789 

4 

2 

0 

31     6 

2 

8 

0 

4 

1790 

3 

13 

6 

31     9 

3 

4 

0 

6 

1791 

4 

1 

0 

31     0 

3 

8 

0 

5 

1792 

23     0 

3 

0 

0 

8» 

1793 

4 

2 

2 

28     1 

3 

8 

0 

10 

1794 

3 

5 

1 

36     0 

3 

8 

0 

4 

1795 

3 

2 

0 

41     6 

4 

0 

0 

4 

1796 

3 

4 

4 

39     6 

4 

0 

0 

H 

1797 

4 

9 

0 

22     3 

0 

1798 

3 

7 

2 

32     0 

1799 

3 

5 

6 

34     9 

4 

4 

0 

8 

1800 

1 

14 

0 

59     0 

8 

8 

1 

4 

*  Soiuehold  loaf.  An  order  of  the  Court  of  lyOjer  Hondxttd  WM  vmtdt 
December  Srd,  1794,  for  the  erection  of  public  oTens,  to  be  med  whin  fhe  oSiii 
should  not  think  proper  to  supply  the  citizens  with  bread  of  tlit  k^  rfnu 
Ground  near  the  Com  Market  was  ordered  to  be  tdten  fbir  tfaa  new  bakflcj. 


PBICE  OF  PBOYISIONS.  213 

The  price  of  bread  was  proportionably  higher, 
judging  from  our  own  times,  than  other  articles. 
Butter  was  at  this  time  about  4d.  a  pound ;  brandy. 
Is.  l^d.  a  quart ;  claret  from  9s.  to  12s.  a  dozen. 

Cheap  wine  and  brandy  led  to  hard  drinking,*  which 
prevailed  in  Cork  to  a  fearful  extent  during  the  latter 
half  of  the  eighteenth  century.  This  habit  was  also 
fostered  by  the  great  number  of  political  clubs  and 
rendezvous  houses  which  prevailed  at  this  period.  The 
Friendly  ClUb  was  the  first  and  most  important.  It 
was  originally  composed  of  the  party  who  defeated 
the  old  corporation,  and  introduced  new  principles  of 
civic  government. 

A  cmious  tract  appeared  in  1751,  entitled  ^'  A 
Bamble  through  Bagdad,  in  a  Letter  from  Philologos 
to  his  Friend,''  from  which  we  take  the  following 
sketch.  "  Tender's  a  group  of  figures,  by  appearance 
men,  but  by  their  actions  and  their  passions,  rather 
monsters  transformed  to  human  shape."  Harsh 
language  this  for  the  reformers  of  the  old  corporation. 
We  have  pictures  of  the  principal  members — by  an  old 
corporation  man,  we  suspect.  Mr.  Thomas  Bousfield, 
the  founder,  or  father,  of  the  club,  a  man  of  gravity,  is 
styled  Saturn ;  Eobert  Travers,  who  was  never  known 
to  delay  the  bottle  in  its  circuit  round  the  table, 
Bacchus ;  Adam  Newman,  a  fiery  man,  with  an  impe- 
diment in  his  speech,  Aaron  Hothead ;  Bobert  Wrixon, 
Simon  Foolspate ;  Francis  Carleton,  remarkable  for  his 
pomposity  and  grandeur,  Scalpin  Lofty ;  and  William 
Owgan,   the  principal    speaker,    Orator  Club.     The 

*  Hard  drmkmg,  Philip  Luckombe,  speaking  of  sedan  chairs,  the  &re  of 
trbich  was  4d.  in  1778,  says — ''These  vehicles  are  extremelT  convenient  for  the 
foUowen  of  Bacchus,  who  has  a  great  number  of  votaries  in  tnia  ci^." 


214  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

object  of  the  club  seems  to  have  been  to  promote  the 
interests  of  the  members  of  the  corporation.  They  are 
described  by  Alexander  the  Coppersmith  as  ^^  persons 
who  wanted  to  get  into  power,  and  for  this  end  th<ey 
throw  dust  in  your  eyes." 

A  regular  drinking  club  was  established  by  trades- 
men in  the  city,  the  number  of  letters  in  whose  christian 
names  amounted  to  forty-five.  They  met  at  a  publio- 
house  where  they  spent  forty-five  pence  each,  and  each 
drank  exactly  forty-five  glasses  of  punch,  which  pro- 
duced forty-five  toasts  and  sentiments,  including  the 
glorious  memory,  and  a  prayer  against  despotic  rulers. 

These  political  and  drinking  clubs  became  so  much 
in  vogue,  that  a  number  of  gentlemen's  servants  estab- 
lished one  in  George's  Street,  ^^  and  such  a  degree  of 
respectability  had  this  place  of  resort  attained,  that 
printed  cards  of  invitation  were  regularly  issued  to 
the  members  on  the  nights  of  meeting."  But  the 
Cork  magistrates,  who  seem  to  have  had  no  proper 
appreciation  of  "  high-life  below  stairs,"  suppressed 
this  most  respectable  institution,  on  the  16th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1788,  and,  what  is  more  extraordinary,  committed 
a  number  of  the  members  to  bridewell.  The  masters 
of  these  servants  probably  wished  to  know  where  the 
money  came  from.  The  wages  of  men  servants,  about 
a  hundred  and  twenty  years  ago,  were  from  three  to 
four  pounds  a-year.  A  brigadier-general's  coachman 
got  as  much  as  six  pounds  a-year ;  but  this  would  not 
pay  for  printed  cards.  Paper,  at  this  time,  was  eight 
or  nine  pence  a  quire. 

This  severity  did  not  proceed  from  any  disindinatiou 
on  the  part  of  the  citizens  for  social  or  public  amuse- 


CLX7BS  AND  ASSEMBLY-ROOMS.  215 

inents.  They  resorted,  in  1760,  to  a  green  on  Ham- 
mond's Marsh,  where  they  had  a  band  of  music.  In 
the  adjoining  Assembly- House  they  had  cards,  and 
dancing,  twice  a-week.  A  new  Assembly-House  was 
erected  in  George's  Street,  and  a  large  room,  with 
a  music  gallery,*  and  suitable  apartments,  in  Tuckey 
Street,  in  1770. 

A  great  change  has  taken  place  since  then.  The 
first  Assembly-House  became  the  site  of  a  Methodist, 
the  second  of  an  Independent  Chapel,  The  Music 
Boom,  in  Tuckey  Street,  was,  for  some  time,  occupied 
as  a  Presbyterian  place  of  worship. 

The  friendly  feeling  and  social  intercourse  which 
existed  between  Protestant  and  Catholic,  during  a 
large  portion  of  the  eighteenth  century,  was  owing  to 
the  concession,  or  silent  submission,  of  the  latter,  to 
the  deprivation  of  his  civic  and  political  rights  and 
privileges.  They  consented  to  be  patronised  by  their 
Protestant  neighbours,  and  were  therefore  esteemed 
quiet  and  "  genteel  people."  But  this  state  of  things 
coidd  not  last  for  ever.  The  Catholic  merchants  and 
tradesmen,  who  depended  on  nothing  but  their  own 
industry  and  enterprise  for  success,  were  beginning 
to  out-number  and  overtop  the  favored  and  pro- 
tected Protestants;  they  built  better  houses,  kept 
better  tables,  drove  handsomer  carriages,  and  gave 
better  fortunes  to  their  daughters  than  the  Protes- 
tants. Nor  did  they  neglect  to  build  better  places  of 
worship-t   Mr.  Philip  Luokombe,  who  visited  this  city 

*  Ifutie  gallery. — There  were  also  weekly  meetings  called  drunuy  patronised  by 
the  military,  where  they  promenaded,  danced,  and  played  cards.  The  price  of 
ftdmiieion  was  small. 

t  Places  of  Wbrahip.  The  foundation  of  a  Catholic  Chapel  was  laid  in  Bandorn 
the  28th  of  April,  1796. 


216  HISIOBT  OF  OORK. 

in  1783,  says,  ^'  On  Sunday  morning,  early,  I  stepped 
into  one  of  their  mass-houses,  and  a  spacious  one  it 
was.  The  priest  had  just  finished  the  celebration  of 
mass.  There  were  seyeral  elegant  carriages  standing 
before  the  door  when  I  entered,  and  a  prodigious 
crowd  of  people  in  the  street,  as  motley  an  assemblage 
of  human  creatures  as  I  had  ever  seen." 

This  prodigious  crowd,  or  motley  assemblage,  began 
to  feel  its  own  power,  or  rather  the  people  in  the 
elegant  carriages  to  estimate  it,  and  see  in  what  way 
it  could  be  turned  to  their  advantage,  for  their  wealth 
was  no  compensation  for  the  loss  of  political  and  civil 
rights,  but  rather  a  reason  for  their  possessing  them. 
But  they  must  be  cautious  and  bide  their  time,  lor 
these  were  the  days  of  American  Independence,  and  of 
the  great  French  revolution,  when  men  in  elegant  oar« 
riages  were  carried  to  the  guillotine.  The  volunteers 
of  Belfast  instructed  their  deputies — met  at  a  conven- 
tion in  Dublin  in  1783 — to  propose  the  admisdon  of 
Boman  Catholics  to  the  rights  of  freemen,  when  Lord 
Eenmare,  who  was  then  esteemed  the  leader  of  the 
Irish  Catholics,  disavowed,  in  their  name,  any  wish  to 
be  restored  to  these  privileges.  Low  and  prostrate  as 
the  Catholics  were,  this  insult  was  too  much  for  their 
patience.  They  assembled  in  a  General  Committee,* 
and  disavowed  both  his  lordship  and  his  disavowaL 
They  had  not  yet  come  to  love  the  music  of  their 
chains,  although  they  did  not  choose  to  have  them 
knocked  off  by  men  like  Wolfe  Tone,  or  Maximilian 
Bobespierre.     Their  bosoms  were  beginning,  at  this 

*  Ommral  Committee. — Composed  of  Catholic  biBhops,  coimtiT  gvitUmtBi  aad 
merclumto  and  traders,  all  resident  in  Dublin,  who  were  named  07  tlie  Cf^*^|ffii1ff^^ 
in  the  diiSerent  corporate  towns,  to  represent  them,  and  goard  their  iatmrtik 


CATHOLIC  BIGHTS  CONTEMNED.  217 

time,  to  heave  and  swell  with  '^  the  spirit  of  oniyersal 
emancipation/'  which  had  swept  like  a  hmricane  oyer 
the  eastern  and  western  hemispheres.  They  petitioned 
the  Irish  parliament  Their  petition  was  treated  with 
the  utmost  contempt,*  and  they,  themselves,  were  de- 
signated as  a  rabble  of  obscure  pot-drinking  mechanics, 
who  met  in  holes  and  comers,  and  fancied  themselves 
the  representatives  of  the  Catholic  body,  which  de- 
spised them.  Flesh  and  blood  could  not  endure  this. 
Shame  and  indignation  were  boiling  in  the  veins  of 
the  Catholic  committee  of  Dublin.  They  would  look 
no  longer  to  the  borough  parliament  of  College  Green, 
but  look  to  themselves.  They  rose,  coalesced  with  the 
dissenters  and  republicans  of  the  North,  and  established 
the  Society  of  United  Irishmen.  The  English  govern- 
ment had  long  anticipated  such  a  state  of  things,  and 
had  prepared  to  meet  it  by  the  enrolment  of  Irish 
Protestants  into  militia  and  volunteer  corps.  But 
Irish  Protestants  acted  for  themselves.  On  the  15th 
of  February,  1778,  the  corporation  made  a  grant  of  three 
hundred  guineas  for  raising  troops  for  his  majesty's  ser- 
vice. The  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  Court  JD'Oyer 
Hundred.  The  legality  of  raising  troops,  without  the 
consent  of  parliament,  was,  at  this  time,  under  the 
consideration  of  English  judges.  On  the  26th  of 
March  the  following  document  was  subscribed  in 
Cork: 

^'  We,  thb  ukdernahed  subsgbibebs,  do  aqbee  to 

IfiSOdAXE  0T7ESELVES  FOB  THB  PUBPOSES  OF  PBESEBVING 

•  Uimcti  eontempt.    The  Catholic  petition  had  laid  on  the  table  of  the  house 
§K  thx«6  days,  idien  it  was  rejected,  on  a  special  motion,  by  Dayid  Latonche. 


218 


HISTORY  OF  COBK. 


THE  PBAGE  OP  THIS  CnT,  AND  THE  PR0PEBT7  OF  ZHB  US* 
HABITANTS  THEBBOF.      COBE,  26tH  MaBCH,  1778. 


Godfrey  Baker, 
Jas.  Morrison, 
John  Terry, 
M.  E.  Westropp, 
Savage  French, 
Paul  Benson, 
Paul  Piercy, 
Joseph  Bogers, 
Noblett  Bogers, 
Edw,  Hoare, 
Thos.  Boles, 
Biehd.  Townsend, 
Wm.  Saunders, 
John  Digby, 
Wm,  Harrington, 
John  Snowe, 
Thomas  Kift, 
James  Ingram, 
Jas.  Morrison,  jr., 
James  Sadler, 
Jno.  Carleton, 
Christ.  Waggett, 
Jo.  Gates, 
James  Kingston, 
Thomas  Power, 
Bowl.  Morrison, 
William  Cotter, 
Timothy  Hughes, 
Biehd.  Harris, 


Will.  Mannix, 
Will  Warren, 
Michl.  Mahony, 
Willm.  Badcliffe, 
Nobl.  Johnson, 
Christ.  Lawton, 
Thos.  Benson, 
T.  H.  Coppinger, 
Henry  Leahy, 
Vail.  Johnson, 
Jasper  Herriok, 
Gilbert  MeUifont, 
Luke  Foreman, 
James  Bobinson, 
Christ  Allen, 
James  Baynes, 
John  Hopkins, 
Thos.  Cochrane, 
Saml.  Jervois, 
Edward  Sweeney, 
Jasper  Bashleigh, 
Edward  Daly, 
Mathew  Bagnell, 
J.  Wallis, 
James  Carr, 
B.  S.  L.  Atkins, 
Aug.  Warren, 
Hugh  Millards, 
Sampson  Austen, 


Ben.  WhitestoOy 
Sampson  Jervis, 
Sol.  Newsom, 
W.  Leyeester, 
Humph.  Crowly, 
Jacob  Crawford, 
Tho.  Chatterton, 
Wm.  Kennedy, 
Chas.  Willoooksi 
Fitzmaur.  Cogan, 
Wm.  Beynolds, 
Joseph  Bennett,. 
Great  Smyth, 
Thoms.  Smith, 
Hen.  Hamilton, 
Fras.  Dorman, 
Thomas  Boiman, 
John  Shaw, 
Thos.  White, 
Bichard  Clear, 
J.  Gray  Buddook, 
John  Cuthbert| 
Bobt.  Stawell, 
J.  St.  L.  GiUman,. 
Peter  Egan, 
Wm.  Noroott^ 
Moore  Hardawa^, 
Christ.  Allen, 
Chas. 


CJOBK   VOLUNTEERS.  219 

Jeffiry  Piersy,  WiU.  WUoocks,    P.  Cossart  Baker, 

Peter  Cossart,  Jno.  Jas.  Murry,  Henry  Cuthbert, 

Richi  Perry,   .  Julius  Besnard,    Peter  Hyald, 

Boger  Adams,  Jno.  Travers,        John  Cole, 

Mann.  Peacocke,  J.  Herbert  Orpen,  James  Lee, 

Joseph  Harman,  Aylmr.  Allen,       Jos.  Gates, 

John  Cole,  Ewd.  Jameson,      James  Boyce, 

George  Archer,  D.  Mellifont,  jr.,  Bobert  Patterson, 

Thorns.  Wagget,  John  Woulfe,       John  Ths.  Baron, 

Chas.  Denroche,  Geo.  Seymour,      John  Corker, 

Jasper  Lucas,  John  Connor,        Fran.  Busteed, 

Tym.  Lane,  John  Thompson,    Thoms.  Boles, 

Thorns.  Browne,  John  Peddy,         Bobert  Davies, 

Hu.  Sheworaft,  Bichd.  Beamish,   Mat.  Brown, 

John  Lapp,  jun.,  Frans.  Gray,        E.  W.  Wilmot, 

Bog.  Q.  Langley,  Nicholas  Kellett,  Ferdinand  Spiller, 

John  Bonand,  Samuel  Maylor,    Bichard  Lawton, 

Wm.  Digby,  James  Smith,         Jams.  Sweeds. 

Henry  Sheares,*  Thomas  Harding,  Thoms.  Gonnell. 

Michl.  Busteed,  Michl.  Hutchins, 

The  following  is  a  correct  list  of  the  volunteers  for 
this  county,  and  the  date  of  their  enrolment.  The 
cavalry  consisted  of  one  troop  each : — 

CAVALEY  OP  THE  COUNTY  COEK. 

Texje  Blue  of  Coek.  Enrolled  1745.  "Uniform: 
blue,  laced  silver,  epaulets,  white  buttons.  Furniture : 
goat-skin.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Kichard  Earl  of 
Shannon,  and  Captain  Shaw. 

MrrcHBLSTOWN  Light  Deaooons.  Enrolled  1774. 
Uniform  :  scarlet,  faced  black,  silver,  epaulets,  yellow 

•  Eenry  Sheares^  the  father  of  the  "  Two  Shiora:* 


220  HISIORT  OF  OOEK. 

helmets,  white  buttons.  Furniture :  goat-akuii  edged 
black.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel  Viscount  Kings* 
borough ;  Lieut.-Colonel,  Henry  Cole  Bowen ;  Majori 
James  Badham  Thomhill;  Captain,  Harmer  Spiatt; 
Lieutenant,  William  Baymond ;  Comet,  William  Al- 
sop;  Chaplain,  Thomas  Bush;  Surgeon,  Dayid Fitz- 
gerald ;  Secretary,  John  Eyan. 

Blackpool  House.  Enrolled  1776.  Uniform: 
green,  laced  gold,  ditto  epaulets,  buff  waistcoats  and 
breeches.  Furniture,  goat  skin.  Officers  in  1782 — 
Colonel,  John  Harding ;  Lieut-Colonel,  Thos.  Barry ; 
Major,  William  Alexander;  Lieutenant,  Bradahaw 
Fopham ;  Chaplain,  Arthur  Hyde ;  Surgeon,  Bidhaxd 
Maguire. 

TouGHAL  Cavalry.  Enrolled  1776.  Uniform: 
scarlet,  faced  white.  Officers  in  1782 — Captain  com- 
manding, Bobert  Ball ;  Lieutenant,  John  Smith ;  CShap- 
lain,  Hon.  Bobert  Moore ;  Secretary,  John  Segwidk. 

Bakdon  Cavalry.  Enrolled  1778.  Uniform :  dark 
olive,  green  jacket,  half  lappelled,  crimson  velvet  cuflb 
and  collar,  silver  epaulets.  Furniture :  white  dotli, 
hoseing  and  holster  caps,  embroidered.  Device,  B.  G. 
harp  and  crown.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel^  Sampson 
Stawell ;  Major,  John  Moore  Travers ;  Captains,  Bobert 
Waterhouse,  Simon  T.  Davies ;  Comet,  Charles  Ber^ 
nard ;  Chaplain,  Charles  Hewitt. 

MusEEBEY  Blue,  l.  d.  Enrolled  1778.  Uniform : 
blue,  lappelled,  edged  white,  silver  epauletSi  idiite 
jackets,  edged  blue.  Furniture  :  goat-skin.  Qffioers 
in  1782 — Colonel,  Bobert  Warren;  Lieut.-Golonel| 
Bobert  Hutchinson;  Major,  Samuel  Sweete ;  LLeateoanf^ 


OORK  YOLT7NTEBB8.  221 

Thomas  Coppinger ;  Chaplain,  Edward  Kenny ;  Adju- 
tant, Thomas  Coppinger;  Surgeon,  Bichard  Grey; 
Quuter-master,  John  Spread ;  Secretary,  James  d' Al- 
tera. 

DxTHALLOw  Bakgebs.  Enrolled  1778.  Officers  in 
1782 — Colonel,  Hon.  Charles  Peroival;  Lieut. -Colonel, 
William  Wrixon;  Major,  Bobert  Wrixon;  Captain, 
George  Crofts ;  Comet,  James  Purcell ;  Chaplain,  Ar- 
thur Kiely ;  Secretary,  William  Dore. 

Imokillt  Hobse.  Enrolled  1778.  Uniform :  scar- 
let, faced  black,  yellow  buttons,  gold  epaulets,  yellow 
helmets,  white  jackets,  edged  red.  Furniture  :  goat- 
skin, trimmed  red.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Edward 
Roche;  Lieut.-Colonel,  Eobert  McCarthy;  Captain, 
Bobert  Ball ;  Comet,  John  Fitzgerald ;  Chaplain,  Jere- 
miah Heart ;  Surgeon,  John  Nagle,  M.D. ;  Secretary, 
William  Garde. 

ZiLWOETH  L.  D.  Enrolled  1779.  Uniform :  scarlet, 
faced  green,  gold  epaulets,  yellow  buttons,  and  helmets. 
Furniture :  goat-skin,  trimmed  green.  Officers  in  1782 
— Colonel,  Stephen,  Earl  of  Mountcashel ;  Lieut.-CoL 
Arthur  Hyde ;  Major,  John  Hyde ;  Captain,  William 
Newenham ;  Lieutenant,  Thomas  Power ;  Comet,  Gar- 
ret Wall;  Chaplain,  Hon.  Bobert  Moore;  Surgeon, 
John  Pigott,  M.D. ;  Adjutant  and  Secretary,  Bichard 
Whitford. 

Imokilly  Elite  Hoese.  Enrolled  1779.  Uniform : 
blue,  faced  red.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Bobert 
TJniack  Fitzgerald;  Major,  Thomas  Fitzgerald;  Captain, 

Travers ;  Lieutenant,  TJniack ;  Chaplain, 

Edward  Hardwood ;  Secretary,  John  Hanning. 


222  HISTORY   OF  CORK, 

DoNERAiLE  Rangers  l.  d.  Enrolled  1779.  XJni- 
fonn :  scarlet,  faced  green,  edged  white,  gold  epaulets, 
yellow  buttons  and  helmets,  green  jackets,  fetced  red. 
Furniture:  goat-skin.  Officers  in  1782  —  Colonel| 
Sentleger  Lord  Doneraile;  Major,  Hon.  nayes  Sent- 
leger;  Captain,  Nicholas  Green  Evans;  Lieutenant, 
John  Watkins ;  Comet,  Nicholas  Green  Evans,  Jun. ; 
Chaplain,  Hon.  James  Sentleger;  Surgeon,  John  Creagh, 
M.D. ;  Adjutant,  Bobert  Atkins;  Secretary,  James 
Hennessy. 

Qlanmire  Union.  Enrolled  1779.  Uniform :  deep 
green,  faced  black.  Furniture:  goat-skin,  trimmed 
green.  Officers  in  1779  —  Colonel,  Henry  Mannix; 
Captain,  Simon  Dring ;  Comet,  Dean  Hoare ;  Chaplain, 
Archdeacon  Corker;  Surgeon,  James  Bennet,  M.D.; 
Secretary,  Eev.  Chambre  Corker. 

Cork  Cavalry,  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  blue,  silTer 
laced ;  silver  epaulets,  white  buttons.  Furniture :  blue 
cloth,  laced  gold.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  William 
Chetwynd ;  Major,  John  Gillman ;  Captain,  John 
Smith ;  Comet,  Paul  Piersy ;  Surgeon,  Thomas 
Harris;  Secretary,  John  Smith. 

Mallow  Cavalry.  Enrolled  1782.  Unifonn: 
green  jackets.     Officer  in  1782 — Colonel  Cotter. 

Great  Island  Cavalry.  Enrolled  1782.  Uniform: 
scarlet,  faced  green;  gold  epaulets,  yellow  buttonsi 
white  jackets  edged  red.  Furniture,  goat-skin.  Offi- 
cers in  1782 — Captain,  Wallis  Colthurst;  Lieutenanti 
William  Colthurst ;  Comet,  Henry  Widenham ; 
Adjutant,  Bickard  Donovan ;  Surgeon,  Patrick  Fitz- 
gerald ;  Secretary,  John  Boche. 


COBK  YOLUKTEEREU  .    223 

DTPANTRY  OF  THE  COUNTY  CORK. 

CoBK  AsxiLLBBY.     Forco:  1  company,  2  four-pound- 
XTniform  :  blue,  faced  scarlet ;  yellow  buttons, 
grid  lace.     Officers  in  1782 — Captain,  Bichard  Hare, 
joflL ;  Lieutenant,  Francis  Jones. 

BiOKiLLY  Blue  Abtillery.     Force:  1  company,  2 
-pounders.    ITniform :  blue,  faced  scarlet.    Officers 
Jil782 — Colonel,  Bobert  XJniack  Fitzgerald;  Major, 
lliomas  Fitzgerald. 

TsuE  Blub  of  Cork.  Enrolled  1745.  Force  :  4 
Qomponies ;  1  gren.,  2  bat.,  1  light.  ITniform :  blue, 
keed  mlYer ;  white  buttons.  Officers  in  1 782 — Colonel, 
Bidiaidy  Earl  Shannon;  Lieut.-Colonels,  Godfrey  Baker 
andJamee  Morrison;  Major,  Michael  BobertsWestrop; 
Cbptains,  8t.  Leger  Atkins,  John  Thompson,  Francis 
Gny,  and  Bichard  Perry ;  Lieutenants,  Jasper  Lucas 
and  Charles  Denroehe ;  Chaplain,  William  Jephson ; 
Surgeon, Davies,  M.D. ;  Secretary,  John  Terry. 

CorkBoyke.  Enrolled  1776,  Force:  4  companies; 
1  gren.,  2  bat.,  1  light.  Uniform :  blue,  faced  blue ; 
yellow  buttons,  gold  epaulets  and  lace.  Officers  in 
1782 — Colonel,  John  Bagwell ;  Lieut. -Colonel,  Hugh 
Lawton ;  Major,  John  Bass ;  Captains,  Arthur  Connel, 
Thomas  Chatterton,   James  Chatterton,   and   Daniel 

MKTarthy ;  Lieutenants, Keams,  Bobert  Travers, 

James  Chatterton,  jun. ;  Chaplain,  Henry  Sandiford; 
Surgeon,  Michael  Busteed. 

Hallow  Boyne.  Enrolled  1776.  Force :  2  com- 
panies ;  1  gren.,  1  bat.  Uniform :  blue,  edged  buff ; 
buff  waistcoat  and  breeches,  yellow  buttons.  Officers 
in  1782 — Colonel,  Sir  James  Lawrence  Cotter,  Bart  \ 


224  HISIOBT  OF  GORE. 

Captains^  William  Gallway  and  Edmnnd  Spenser;* 
Lieutenants,  Samuel  Lloyde  and  Bobert  Eell ;  Ensign, 
Edmund  Carpenter ;  Surgeon,  John  Faulkes ;  Quarter- 
master, George  Faulkes. 

Bandon  Boyne.  Enrolled  1777.  Force  :  1  com- 
pany. Uniform:  blue,  edged  buff;  yellow  buttons, 
buff  waistcoat  and  breeches,  gold  epaulets.    Officers 

in  1782 — Ensign,  John  Loane ; Wright ;  Surgeon, 

Bichard  Loane ;  Secretary,  Bernard  Blake. 

Caebbrt  Independents.  Enrolled  1777.  Force: 
1  company.  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  green ;  yellow 
buttons.  Officers  in  1782  —  Captain -Commanding, 
William  Beecher;  Captain,  John  Townsend;  Lieu- 
tenant, Lionel  Fleming;  Ensign,  Beecher  Fleming; 
Chaplain,  Wm.  Bobinson  ;  Surgeon,  Thomas  Clarke. 

Attghbih  of  Core.  Enrolled  1777.  S  companies. 
Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  scarlet,  edged  white.  Offi- 
cers in  1782 — Colonel,  Bichard  Longfield;  Lieut-CoL, 
Henry  Herbert ;  Major,  Ebenezer  Morrison ;  Captains, 
Bowland  Morrison  and  M.  Busteed  Westrop ;  Chaplaioi 
—  Lee ;  Surgeon,  Samuel  Hartwell. 

Loyal  Newbeert  Musqtjeteebs.  Enrolled  1777. 
Force :  2  companies ;  1  grenadier,  1  light.  Uni£6rm : 
scarlet,  faced  black.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Adam 
Newman;  Major,  John  Newman;  Captains,  Biohaxd 
Foot  and  George  Foot ;  Lieutenants,  James  Lombard 
and  Edmund  Lombard ;  Chaplain,  Henry  Newman. 

Cork  Union.  Enrolled  1776.  Force :  4  oom- 
panies;  1  grenadier,  2  battalion,  1  light.    Uniform: 

^Mmmd  Spmmr, — ^We  oonclnde  that  tliia  Edmund  wu  the  "gntt-miA- 
great  giandeon  of  the  poet  Spenner/'  whom  we  mentioii  in  tc^  Lp  p.  3l9y  m 
having  been  hniied  in  Mallow  ehoroh^jard* 


COBE   YOLUNTEERS.  225 

scarlet,  faced  green ;  yellow  buttons.   Officers  in  1782 
— Captain  Commanding,  Henry  Hickman;  Captains, 

Benjamin  Hayes,  Simon  Cooke,  James  Gregg,  and 

Galway  ;  Adjutant,  James  Hudson  ;   Chaplain,  Bro- 

derick  Tuckey ;    Surgeon,    Townsend,    M.D. ; 

Secretary,  James  Gregg, 

CuLLODEN  Volunteers  op  Coek.  Enrolled  1778. 
Force :  3  companies ;  1  grenadier,  1  battalion,  1  light. 
Uniform :  blue,  faced  scarlet ;  yellow  buttons.  Officers, 
gold  epaulets.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Benjamin 
Bousfield ;  Captains,  Henry  Newsom  ;  Sampson  Jer- 
yais,  and  Isaac  Jones ;  Chaplain,  H.  Baggs ;  Surgeon, 
Porter. 

Eosscaebert  Volunteers.  Force  :  1  company. 
Uniform:  scarlet,  faced  blue.  Officers  in  1782  — 
Colonel,  Thomas  Hungerford ;  Captain,  Michael 
Friend ;    Lieutenants,    William    Morriss   and    John 

Himgerford;  Chaplain,  Henry  Jones. 

Passage  Union.  Enrolled  1778.  Force:  3  com- 
panies; 1  grenadier,  1  battalion,  1  light.  Uniform: 
scarlet,  faced  deep  green ;  white  buttons.  Officers  in 
1782  —  Major  Commanding,  Michael  Parker;  Cap- 
tains, Eichard  Eoberts,  Charles  Clark,  and  Achilles 
Daunt ;   Ensign,  Edward  Ford  ;   Adjutant,  William 

Atkins;  Chaplain,  Austen;  Surgeon,  Anthony 

Mana ;  Secretary,  Michael  Ford. 

Bandon  Independents.  Enrolled  1778.  Force:  1 
^^mpany.  Uniform  :  scarlet,  faced  black,  gold  epau- 
lets, yellow  buttons,  green  jackets,  faced  black. 
Officers  in  1 782 — Colonel,  Francis  Bernard ;  Captain, 
Bobert  Sealy ;  Lieutenant,  Thomas  Child ;  Adjutant, 

YOL.  n.  15 


226  niSTOSY  op  cork. 

George  Kingston;  Ensign,  John  Travers:  Chaplain, 
George  Sealy ;  Surgeon,  Bichard  Loane ;  Secretary, 
Eichard  Needham. 

TouGHAL  Independent  Blues.  Enrolled  1778. 
Force :  2  companies.  Uniform :  blue,  faced  scarlet, 
edged  white.  Officers  in  1782  —  Colonel,  Bobert 
XJniacke;  Captain,  Bichard  XJniacke;  Lieutenants, 
Edward  Green,  Hugh  Pollock,  and  Samuel  Nealon; 
Ensign,  Eichard  Seymour ;  Adjutant,  Samuel  Nealon; 
Chaplain,  John  Lawless;  Surgeon,  John  Sedgwick; 
Secretary,  John  Scamadon. 

TouGHAL  Bangers.  Enrolled  1778.  Force:  2 
companies;  1  grenadiers,  1  light.  Uniform:  grass 
green,  faced  scarlet,  gold  lace  and  yellow  buttons. 
Officers  in  1782  —  Lieutenant-Colonel  Commanding) 
Meade  Hobson ;  Major,  John  Swayne ;  Captains, 
Samuel  Hobson  and  Thomas  Browning ;  Ist  Lieu- 
tenants, Samuel  Freeman  and  John  Sedgwick,  Junior ; 
2nd  Lieutenant,  James  Ellard,  Junior ;  Chaplain, 
Jonas  Pratt ;  Surgeon,  John  Haig,  M.D. 

KiNSALB  Volunteers.  Enrolled  1778.  Force:  2 
companies;  1  light,  1  battalion.  Officers  in  1782— 
Colonel,  James  Kearny ;  Captains,  Edward  Leary  and 
John  Heard  Edward ;  Lieutenants,  William  Newman, 
Thomas  Dunn,  and  Bobert  Lander;  Chaplain,  Hon. 
Gerald  De  Courcey ;  Adjutant,  Jos.  Coleman ;  Sur- 
geon, Bobert  Smith ;  Secretary,  George  Frith. 

Hanover  Society,  Clotjghnakilty.  Enrolled  1778. 
Force  :  2  companies.  Uniform :  scarlet,  &oed  bnffi 
Officers  in  1782  —  Colonel,  Bichard  Hungerlbrd ; 
Major,  Thomas  Hungerford ;  Captains,  John  Hunger- 


OOBK  YOLTTNTBEBS.  227 

finrd  and  Beecher  Hungerford  ;  Lieutenant,  Bwithin 
White  ;  Adjutant,  Bichard  Bagley ;  Chaplain,  John 
Tofwnsend ;  Secretary,  Thomas  Morgan. 

IKajstubk  YounxTEEBB.  Enrolled  1778.  Force:  1 
company.  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  light  blue.  Officers 
k  1782 — Colonel,  John  James,  Earl  of  Egmont ;  Lieu- 
taant  -  Colonel,  Captain  James  Purcell ;  Chaplain, 
Gbrles  Fennel;  Surgeon,  Daniel  Williams. 

H^WKE  Union  of  Covb.  Enrolled  1778.  Force :  1 
ionipany.  Uniform :  blue,  edged  and  lined  bu£^  yellow 
tnttons,  buff  waistcoat  and  breeches.  Officers  in  1782 
— Captain  Commanding,  William  Dickson;  Captain, 
Jolm  Colthurst ;  Lieutenants,  William  King  Sliegh, 

Andrew  Byms,  and  Balph  Sliegh;   Chaplain,  

Atterbury ;  Adjutant,  William  King  Sliegh ;  Surgeon, 
Jkmes  Sail ;  Secretary,  William  Hanah. 

BulCEWATEk  Bangebs.  Force :  1  company.  Officers 
in  1782  —  Colonel,  Bichard  Aldworth;  Lieutenant- 
C<4onel, Stanard. 

Blabket  Volunteers.  Enrolled  1778.  Force :  4 
companies ;  1  gren.,  2  bat.,  1  light.  Uniform :  scarlet, 
freed  black ;  white  buttons.  Officers  in  1 782 — Colonel, 
Ctoorge  Jefferys ;  Lieut-Colonel,  Daniel  Gibbs ;  Cap- 
tains, William  Willisson,  Edward  O'Donoghue,  Thos. 
Whaley,  and  Samuel  Townsend ;  Lieutenants,  Francis 
Cottrel,  William  M^Creight,  and  Thomas  Bubee ; 
Chaplain,  Thomas  Davies ;  Second  Chaplain,  John 
Oibbs ;  Surgeon,  John  Lee ;  Secretary,  Thomas  Magin. 

Newharket  Rangers.  Enrolled  1778.  Force:  1 
eompany.  Uniform  :  blue,  faced  blue.  Officers  in 
1782 — Colonel,  Boyle  Aldworth ;  Major,  Wm.  Allen ; 


228  HISTORY  OF   CORK, 

Captain,  Sentloger  Aldworth ;  Chaplain,  Henry  Wes- 
ton ;  Surgecm,  Bichard  Graham ;  Secretary,  Lawrence 
Curran.  * 

CuRRiGLASs  Volunteers.  Enrolled  1779.  Force: 
1  company.  Ofl&cers  in  1782 — Captain  Com.,  Peard 
Harrison  Foard ;  Lieutenant,  Stephen  Eoleston ;  Chap- 
lain, Percival ;  Secretary,  James  Graham. 

Castle-Martyr  Society.  Enrolled  1779.  Force  : 
1  company.  Uniform  :  scarlet,  faced  pale  yellow. 
Officers  in  1782 — Captain,  William  Hallaran ;  Lieu- 
tenant, T.  C.  Wheble. 

Inchigeelagh  Yolttnteers.  Enrolled  1779.  Force : 
1  light  company.  Uniform  :  blue,  edged  buff;  buff 
waistcoat  and  breeches.  Officers  in  1782 — Captain 
Com.,  Jasper  Masters ;  Lieutenant,  John  Boyle ;  En- 
sign, Benjamin  Sweete;  Chaplain,  Edward  Weeks; 
Surgeon,  Wm.  Grainger ;  Secretary  Henry  Orainger. 

MusEjaRRY  Volunteers.  Enrolled  1779.  Force: 
1  company.  Uniform :  blue,  edged  buff;  buff  waist- 
coat and  breeches.  Officers  in  1782 — Captain  Com., 
Thomas  Barter ;  Captain,  William  Ashe ;  Lieutenant, 
John  Barter ;  Ensign,  Matthew  Menheer ;  Chaplain, 
Edward  Synge  Townsend  ;  Surgeon,  Bichard  Grey, 
M.D. ;  Adjutant,  John  Butler. 

Doneraile  Eangers.  Enrolled  1779.  Foroe :  1 
company.  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  green ;  yellow  but- 
tons, gold  epaulets.     Officers  in  1782— Colonel,  Sent- 

*  Zatvrence  Curran. — This  Lawrence,  or  Lowry,  Carran,  wts  a  brathflr  to  tiM 
jud{^c,  John  Philpot  Curran.  He  married  a  Miss  Webb,  bj  whom  he  had  aim 
family.  Captain  John  Curran,  married  to  a  .Vlin  Armatrong,  was  amolhML 
Another  son,  William,  kept  a  classical  school  in  Kantnrk.  He  died  ia  Htw- 
market,  where  he  is  buried.  Another  son  was  in  tihe  Kantnrk  wmlhn—  A 
collection  was  made  a  few  years  ago  to  send  him  to  America. 


CORK  VOLUNTEERS.  229 

leger,  Lord  Doneraile ;  Major,  Hon.  Hayes  Sentleger ; 
Captain,  John  Welstead ;  Lieutenant,  George  Boberts, 
Adjutant,  Bobert  Atkins;  Chaplain,  Hon.  James  Sent- 
leger ;  Surgeon,  John  Creagh,  M.D. ;  Secretary,  James 
Hennessy. 

Bantry  Volunteers.  Enrolled  1779.  Force  :  1 
company.  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  white.  Ofl&cers  in 
1782 — Colonel,  Hamilton  White  ;  Captain,  Bichard 
Blair;  Lieutenant,  David  Melefont;  Ensigns,  Henry 
Galway  and  John  Young ;  Adjutant,  Henry  Galway ; 
Secretary,  Francis  Hoskin. 

KiLWORTH  Volunteers.  Enrolled  1779.  Force: 
1  company.  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  green,  yellow 
buttons.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Stephen,  Earl 
Mountcashel ;  Lieut.-Col.,  Arthur  Hyde ;  Major,  John 
Hyde ;  Captain,  Bobert  Hendley ;   Lieutenant,  John 

Drew ;    Ensign,   Lord    Kilworth ;     Adjutant, 

Bichard  Whitford ;  Chaplain,  Hon.  Bobert  Moore ; 
Secretary,  Bichard  Whitford. 

Mallow  Independents.     Enrolled   1779.     Force : 

1  company.  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  green,  yellow 
buttons.  Officers  in  1782— Colonel,  John  Longfield; 
Captain,  George  Stawell ;  Ensign,  Jonas  Stawell ; 
Adjutant,  James  Magrath ;  Secretary,  James  Magrath. 

ToTTGHAL  Union  Fijzileers.  Enrolled  1779.   Force : 

2  companies.  Uniform :  scarlet,  faced  blue,  edged 
white,  white  buttons.  Ofl&cers  in  1782 — Major-Com., 
Thomas  Green;  Captains,  John  Beeves,  William  Jackson 
and  David  Freeman ;  Lieutenants,  Thomas  Walshe  and 
James  Greene  ;  Chaplain,  Richard  Vincent ;  Surgeon, 
Benjamin  Jackson. 


230  HISTORY  OF  OORK. 

DuHALLOW  VoLimTBERS.  Enrolled  1779.  Force: 
1  company.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Broderiok 
Chinery ;  Captain,  William  Leader ;  Lieutenant,  Henry 
Leaden 

Ejnnelea  and  Kebrech  Union.  Enrolled  1779. 
Force:  3  companies.  Uniform:  blue,  edged  white, 
white  buttons.  Officers  in  1782 — Colonel,  Thomas 
Boberts ;  Lieut.-Col.,  Thomas  Herrick ;  Major,  John 
Boberts ;  Captains,  lUohard  Townsend,  Thomas  Daunt 
and  Michael  B.  Westrop ;  Lieutenants,  George  Daunt 
William  Daunt  and Carey ;  Ensign,  — —  Feed. 

CHARLEYILI.B  VoLXJNTBBKS.  Officers  in  1782 — 
Colonel,  Chidley  Coote ;  Major,  St.  George  Hatfield ; 
Lieutenant, Sanders ;  Secretary,  George  Hooper. 

Imoeilly  Blue  Infant^t.  Colonel,  Bobert  Uniack 
Fitzgerald. 


V 


CHAPTER  IX. 


ABMSD  SOOIEIIEfl — WOLFS  TONS  AND  THE   BJLKTBY   BAT 

BXPBDITION — ^THB    BEBBLLION    OF    1798 — 

THB    TWO    8HBABB8. 


The  Yolunteer  companies  described  in  the  last  chapter, 
were  little  more  than  armed  political  clubs.  Political 
elubs  were  the  order  of  the  day.  Most  of  these  had  a 
strong  Protestant  bias,  but  withal  a  revolutionary 
tendency.  Here  rebellion  was  first  hatched ;  within 
these  nests  were  reared  the  petrels  of  the  coming 
storm.  In  1772,  ten  years  before  the  passing  of  what 
is  styled  "  Irish  Independence,"  there  existed  in  Cork 
a  society  called  the  "  Free  Debating  Society."  Its 
president  bore  the  ominous  name  of  Henry  Sheares. 
He  was  the  father  of  the  "  Two  Sheares."  It  is  not 
improbable  that  these  young  men  learned  from  the  lips 
of  their  own  father  the  first  elements  of  those  principles 
of  liberty,  the  undue  and  violent  development  of  which 
brought  them  to  the  scaffold. 

We  find,  at  this  time,  a  disposition  on  the  part  of 
gome  of  these  societies,  to  fraternise  with  the  Roman 
Catholics.  The  armed  company  or  club  called  the 
Cork  Union,  had  their  scarlet  coats  turned  up  with 


232  HisroBT  OF  core. 

green,  and  wore  the  green  cockade.  There  was  more 
than  met  the  eye  in  this  adoption  of  the  national  color. 
This  armed  company  did  not  actually  sing — ^for  the 
words  were  not  then  composed — 

**  'Tis  the  green,  'tis  the  green,  'tis  the  color  of  the  tnie, 
And  we'll  back  it  'gainst  the  olive,  and  we'll  raise  it  o'er  the  Uoei" 

but  in  passing  one  day  through  the  Gband  Parade, 
after  a  review  in  the  Mardyke  field,  they  fired  seyeral 
YoUeys,  and  gave  three  cheers  for  Saint  Patrick  I 

The  English  government  were  not  slow  in  discover- 
ing this  change  of  feeling,  and  that  Ireland  could  be 
no  longer  governed  on  the  "  divide  and  conquer  "  prin- 
ciple. They  hailed,  we  hope  with  sincerity,  a  better 
feeling  between  Protestant  and  Catholic,  and  passed 
an  act  on  the  25th  of  September,  1778,  permitting 
Catholics  to  take  long  leases;  and  on  the  1st  of  Janu- 
ary, 1780,  the  repeal  of  the  act  of  William  and  Mary, 
which  prohibited  the  export  of  Irish  woollen  goods, 
was  proclaimed  in  Cork  amidst  the  ringing  of  bells, 
the  firing  of  feu  de  joies,  and  public  illuminations. 
But  the  repeal  of  this  infamous  law  was  too  late ;  our 
woollen  trade  was  too  far  gone  to  be  recalled ;  it  had 
now  a  fixed  habitation  in  England.  The  repeal  of  the 
law  was  not  worth  the  powder  expended  on  the  feu  de  ^ 
joie,  but  it  amused  the  people. 

On  the  Slst  of  May,  1780,  there  was  a  grand  review  " 
of  the  "  United  Independent  Volunteers,^^  in  the  city  " 
of  Cork;  and  on  the  4th  of  November,  of  the  same^ 
year,  the  anniversary  of  King  William's  birth,  ^'«OMi" 
of  the  armed  societies  met,  and  fired  three  voUiee  on-^ 
the  Mall.  Irish  Protestants  were  just  beginning  to^ 
open  their  eyes,  and  to  understand  that  the  bright^ 


THEOBALD  WOLFE  TONE.  233 

picture  of  national  prosperity,  which  had  passed  before 
them  as  the  result  of  Protestant  ascendeucy,  was  no 
more  than  a  deceptive  dream.  There  were  men  in  the 
South  who  would  have  shut  their  eyes  and  dreamed 
again,  but  they  were  aroused  from  their  slumbers  by 
the  shouts  and  firm  tread  of  the  volunteers  of  the 
Korth,  of  the  men  of  Dungannon,  who  felt  that  they 
had  been  deceived  and  bamboozled,  and  who  could 
stand  it  no  longer.  These  were  the  men  who  dictated 
terms  at  the  touch-holes  of  their  cannon,  who  resolved 

to  be  righted  "  or ."     The  country  was  proud  of 

these  men.  It  was  a  glorious  period,  but  it  passed 
away  with  the  independence  which  they  won ;  nor  do 
we  regret  it,  for  it  was  the  independence  of  a  party 
and  not  of  the  nation. 

Men  of  other  views  and  other  metal  took  their  place. 
The  brave  but  facile  and  amiable  Lord  Charlemont  gave 
place  to  Theobald  Wolfe  Tone,  a  name  like  Maximilian 
Bobespierre,  with  which  to  terrify  kings  in  their 
cradles.  This  man  was  the  founder  and  secretary  of  the 
Society  of  United  Irishmen.  He  was  the  most  deter- 
mined man  of  his  day.  He  was  true  to  his  motto — ^Nil 
desperandum.  He  did  as  much  as  man  could  do  to 
conquer  Ireland  by  French  bayonets,  in  order  that  it 
might  be  converted  to  French  and  republican  opinions, 
or  to  anything  but  what  it  was.  He  bore  an  undying 
hatred  to  the  Euglish  rule.  He  would  "  rather  that 
France,  Spain,  the  Autocrat  of  Bussia,  or  the  Devil 
himself,  had  the  country,  than  England.'' 

He  landed  in  Havre- de- Grace  on  the  2nd  of 
February,  1796.  He  kept  a  journal  of  his  proceedings 
and,  we  may  add,  thoughts,  from  which  we  shall  quote, 


234  HISTORT  OF   GORE. 

though  we  may  not  always  mark  the  quotation.  He 
writes  from  Paris,  August  7th,  1796,  in  refereno&to 
the  Bantry  Bay  expedition,  '^  As  I  shall  embark  in  a 
business  in  a  few  days,  the  event  of  whioh  is  uncertain, 
I  take  the  opportunity  of  a  vacant  hour  to  throw  on 
paper  a  few  memorandums,  relative  to  myself  and 
family."  He  was  bom  in  Dublin,  the  20th  of  June, 
1763.  He  entered  Trinity  College,  got  a  schoIarBhi^ 
and  then  a  wife;  tried  the  law  and  Mled,  wrote  poli- 
tical pamphlets,  organized  clubs,  became  the  secretary 
of  the  United  Irishmen,  went  to  America  and  from  that 
to  France,  where  we  now  find  him  just  landed. 

**  Feb.  6th,  1796. — It  is  singular,  but  I  have  had 
several  occasions  already  to  observe  it,  that  there  is 
more  difficulty  in  passing  silver  than  paper."  But  we 
soon  find  him  running  out  of  both.  "  Eose  early  this 
morning  and  wrote  a  threatening  letter  to  Camot,  ^  if 
he  did  not  put  five  pounds  in  a  sartin  place '  " 

Camot,  whom  he  styles  the  "Organizer  of  Victory," 
asks  him  were  there  not  "some  strong  places  in 
Ireland?"  He  answers,  "I  know  none,  but  some 
works  to  defend  the  harbour  of  Cork.  Camot  thinks, 
and  says,  "  Aye,  Cork — ^but  may  it  not  be  necessary  to 
land  there." — "  By  which  I  perceived  he  had  been 
organizing  a  little  in  his  own  mind." 

He  hears  bad  news  from  Ireland,  that  Sir  Edward 
Bellew,  of  Bellewstown,  has  been  arrested,  and  writes^ 
"  Well,  a  day  will  come  for  all  this.  It  we  cannot 
prevent  his  fall,  at  least,  I  hope,  we  shall  be  able  to 
revenge  it ;  and  I,  for  one,  if  it  be  in  twenty  yeazs 
from  this,  promm  not  to  forget  it  My  heart  is  hardm- 
ing  hourly,  and  I  satisfy  myself  now,  at  oncOi  on  points 


BANTRY   BAY  EXPEDITION.  235 

vhioh  would  stagger  me  twelye  months  ago.  The 
Irish  aristocracy  are  putting  themselves  in  a  state  of 
nature  with  the  people,  and  let  them  take  the  conse- 
quence. They  show  no  mercy  and  they  deserve  none. 
If  ever  I  have  the  power  I  will  most  dreadfully  concur 
in  making  them  a  dreadful  example." 

He  is  introduced  to  Hoche,  the  general  who  had 
charge  of  the  Bantry  Bay  expedition.  ''As  I  was 
sitting  in  my  cabinet,  studying  my  tactics,  a  person 
knocked  at  the  door,  who,  on  opening  it,  proved  to  be 
a  dragoon  of  the  third  regiment.  He  brought  mo  a 
note  from  Clarke,  informing  me  that  he  was  arrived, 
and  desired  to  see  me  at  one  o'clock.  I  ran  off  directly 
to  the  Luxembourg,  and  was  showed  into  Fleury's 
cabinet,  where  I  remained  till  three,  when  the  door 
opened,  and  a  very  handsome,  well-made  young  fellow, 
in  a  brown  coat  and  nankeen  pantaloons,  entered  and 
said,  *  Vous  vous  6tes  le  citoyen  Smith  ? '  (I  thought 
he  was  chef  de  bureau.)  '  Oui  citoyen,  je  m'appelle. 
Smith,'  He  said,  '  Vous  vous  appelez,  aussi,  je 
crois,  Wolfe  Tone  ? '  I  replied,  '  Oui  citoyen,  c'  est 
mon  veritable  nom.'  *  Eh  bien,'  replied  he,  '  Je 
Buis  le  General  Hoche.'  At  these  words  I  mentioned 
that  I  had  for  a  long  time  been  desirous  of  the  honor 
I  then  enjoyed,  to  find  myself  in  his  company.  *  Into 
his  arms  I  soon  did  fly,  and  there  embraced  him  ten- 
derly.' 

^^  He  then  said  he  presumed  I  was  the  author  of  the 
memorandums  which  had  been  transmitted  to  him.  I 
8aid  I  was.  *  Well,'  said  he,  ^  there  are  one  or  two 
points  I  want  to  consult  you  on.'  He  then  proceeded 
to  ask  me,  in  case  of  the  landing  being  effectuated, 


236  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

might  he  rely  on  finding  provisions,  and  parfdcularly 
bread?  I  said  it  would  be  impossible  to  make  any 
arrangements  in  Ireland  previous  to  the  landing,  be- 
cause of  the  surveillance  of  the  goyemment ;  but  if 
that  were  once  accomplished  there  would  be  no  want 
of  provisions ;  that  Ireland  abounded  in  cattle,  and,  as 
for  bread,  I  saw  by  the  Gazette  that  there  was  not  only 
no  deficiency  of  com,  but  that  she  was  able  to  supply 
England,  in  a  great  degree,  during  the  late  alarming 
scarcity  in  that  country,  and  I  assured  him,  that  if  the 
French  were  once  in  Ireland,  he  might  rely,  that  who- 
ever wanted  bread  they  should  not  want  it. 

^^  He  seemed  satisfied  with  this,  and  proceeded  to  ask 
me,  might  we  count  upon  being  able  to  form  a  pro- 
visory government,  either  of  the  Catholic  committee 
mentioned  in  my  memorials,  or  of  the  chie£9  of  the 
Defenders?  I  thought  I  saw  an  opening  here  to 
come  at  the  number  of  troops  intended  for  us,  and  re- 
plied that  that  would  depend  on  the  force  which  might 
be  landed ;  if  that  force  were  but  trifling,  I  eould  not 
pretend  to  say  how  they  might  act ;  but  if  it  was 
considerable,  I  had  no  doubt  of  their  co-operation. 
^  Undoubtedly,'  replied  he,  ^  men  will  not  sacrifice 
themselves  when  they  do  not  see  a  reasonable  prospect 
of  support ;  but,  if  I  go,  you  may  be  sure  I  will  go  in 
sufficient  force.'  He  then  asked,  did  I  think  ten  thou- 
sand would  decide  them  ?  I  answered  undoubtedly, 
but  that  early  in  the  business  the  minister  had  spoken 
to  me  of  two  thousand,  and  that  I  had  replied  that 
such  a  niunber  would  effect  nothing.  '  ISTo^'  replied 
he,  ^  they  would  be  overwhelmed  before  any  one  oould 
join  them.'    I  replied  that  I  was  glad  to  hear  him 


BANTRY  BAY  EXPEDITION.  237 

give  that  opinion,  as  it  was  precisely  what  I  had 
stated  to  the  minister ;  and  I  repeated  that,  with  the 
force  he  mentioned,  I  have  no  doubt  of  support  and 
co-operation  sufficient  to  form  a  provisory  government. 

"He  til  en  asked  me  what  I  thought  of  the  priests,  or 
was  it  likely  they  would  give  us  any  trouble  ?  I  re- 
plied, I  certainly  did  not  calculate  on  their  assistance^ 
but  neither  did  I  think  they  would  be  able  to  give  us 
any  effectual  opposition ;  that  their  influence  over  the 
minds  of  the  common  people  was  exceedingly  dimi- 
nished of  late,  and  I  instanced  the  case  of  the  Defend- 
ers, so  often  mentioned  in  my  memorials.  I  explained 
all  this,  at  some  length,  to  him,  and  concluded  by 
saying,  that  in  prudence  we  should  avoid,  as  much  as 
possible,  shocking  their  prejudices  unnecessarily,  and 
that  with  common  discretion,  I  thought  we  might 
secure  their  neutrality  at  least,  if  not  their  support. 
I  mentioned  this  as  merely  my  opinion,  but  added  that 
in  the  contrary  event,  I  was  satisfied  it  would  be 
absolutely  impossible  for  them  to  take  the  people  out 
of  our  hands. 

"We  then  came  to  the  army;  he  asked  me  how  I 
thought  they  would  act  ?  I  replied,  for  the  regulars 
I  could  not  pretend  to  say,  but  that  they  were  wretched 
bad  troops ;  for  the  militia,  I  hoped  and  believed  that 
when  we  were  once  organised,  they  would  not  only  not 
oppose  us,  but  come  over  to  the  cause  of  their  country 
en  masse ;  nevertheless  I  desired  him  to  calculate  on 
their  opposition,  and  make  his  arrangements  accord- 
ingly ;  that  it  was  the  safe  policy,  and  if  it  became 
necessary,  it  was  so  much  gained.  He  said  he  would 
undoubtedly,  make  his  arrangements,  so  as  to  leave 


238  HISTORY  OP   CORK, 

nothing  to  chance,  that  could  be  guarded  against ;  that 
he  would  come  in  force,  and  bring  great  quantities  of 
armSj  ammunition,  stores,  and  artillery ;  and,  for  his 
own  reputation,  see  that  all  the  arrangements  were 
made  on  a  proper  scale.  I  was  very  glad  to  hear  him 
speak  thus ;  it  sets  my  mind  at  ease  on  divers  points. 
He  then  said  there  was  one  important  point  remain- 
ing, on  which  he  desired  to  be  satisfied ;  and  that  was, 
what  form  of  govemmen  t  we  would  adopt  on  the  event 
of  our  success. 

^^  I  was  going  to  answer  him,  with  great  earnestness, 
when  General  Clarke  entered,  to  request  we  would 
come  to  dinner  with  citizen  Cetmot.  We  accordingly 
adjourned  the  conversation  to  the  apartment  of  the 
president,  where  we  found  Camot  and  one  or  two 
more. 

^'  Hoche,  after  some  time,  took  me  aside  and  repeated 
his  question.    I  replied,    ^  Most  undoubtedly  a  repub- 
lic'    He  asked  again,    *  Was  I  sure?'     I  said,  *  As- 
sure as  I  can  be  of  anything,'  and  that  I  knew  nobody 
in  Ireland  who  thought  of  any  other  system,  nor  did  T 
believe  there  was  anybody  who  dreamt  of  monardhy. 
He  asked  me  was  there  any  danger  of  the  Catholics 
setting  up  one  of  their  chiefs  for  king?    I  replied, 
^Not  the  smallest,'   and  that  there   were   no  ohiefis- 
amongst  them  of  that  kind  of  eminence.     This  is  tlii^ 
old  business  again,  but  I  believe  I  satisfied  Hoohe ;  ii^ 
looks  well  to  see  him  so  anxious  on  this  topiO|  on^ 
which  he  pressed  me  more  than  all  the  others.    Gaxnot^ 
joined  us  here  with  a  pocket  map  of  Ireland." 

Wolfe  Tone  got  his  commission  as  a  chef-de-biigad^ 
on  the  2Srd  of  July,  1796,  and  received  orders  to 


BANTRY  BAY  EXPEDITION.  239 

embark  at  Brest,  on  board  the  Indomitable,  of  eighty 
guns,  for  Bantry,  on  1st  of  December.  The  expedi- 
tion did  not  sail  till  the  16th.  "  At  nine  this  morning 
a  fog  80  thick  that  we  cannot  see  a  ship's  length  before 
118.    Hazy  weather,  Master  Noah,  damn  it : 

If  we  are  doomed  to  die,  we  are  enough 
To  do  our  country  loss ;  and  if  we  rise, 
The  fewer  men,  the  greater  share  of  loss. 

This  damned  fog  oontinnes  without  interruption." 

"  December  21. — Last  night,  just  at  sunset,  signal 
for  seven  sail  in  the  offing ;  all  in  high  spirits,  in  hopes 
that  it  is  our  comrades.  Stark  calm  all  the  fore  part 
of  the  night ;  at  length  a  breeze  sprung  up,  and  this 
morning,  at  day-break,  we  are  under  Cape  Clear,  dis- 
tant about  four  leagues,  so  I  have,  at  all  events,  once 
more  seen  my  country;  but  the  pleasure  I  should 
otherwise  feel  at  this,  is  totally  destroyed  by  the 
absence  of  the  general,  who  has  not  joined,  and  of 
whom  we  know  nothing. 

^*  December  22. — This  morning  at  eight  we  have 
neared  Bantry  Bay  considerably,  but  the  fleet  is  ter- 
ribly scattered,  no  news  of  the  Fraternity ;  I  believe  it 
is  the  first  instance  of  an  admiral  in  a  clean  frigate, 
with  moderate  weather  and  moonlight  nights,  parting 
company  with  his  fleet.  Captain  Grammont,  our  flrst 
lieutenant,  told  me  his  opinion  is,  that  she  is  either 
taken  or  lost,  and  in  either  event  it  is  a  terrible  blow 
to  us.  All  rests  upon  Grouchy,  and  I  hope  he  may 
turn  out  well.  He  has  a  glorious  game  in  his  hands, 
if  he  has  spirit  and  talent  to  play  it ;  if  he  succeeds,  it 
will  immortalize  him. 


I 


240  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

^^  December  25. — Last  night  I  had  the  strongest 
expectation  that  to-day  we  should  debark,  but  at  two, 
this  morning,  I  was  awakened  by  the  wind;  I  rose 
immediately,  and  wrapping  myself  in  my  great-ooat, 
walked  for  an  hour  in  the  gallery,  devoured  by  the 
most  gloomy  reflections.  The  wind  continues  right-a- 
head, so  that  it  is  absolutely  impossible  to  work  up  to 
the  landing  place,  and  God  knows  when  it  will  change. 
The  same  wind  is  exactly  favorable  to  bring  the  English 
upon  us,  and  these  cruel  delays  give  the  enemy  time 
to  assemble  his  entire  force  in  this  neighbourhood,  and 
perhaps  (it  is  unfortunately  more  than  perhaps)  by 
his  superiority  in  numbers — in  cavalry,  in  artillery, 
in  money,  in  provisions,  in  short  in  everything  we 
want,  to  crush  us,  supposing  we  are  even  able  to  effect- 
uate a  landing  at  last ;  at  the  same  time  that  the  fleet 
will  be  caught  as  in  a  trap. 

^^  Had  we  been  able  to  land  the  first  day  and  maroh 
directly  to  Cork,  we  should  have  in&Uibly  oaiiied  it 
by  a  coup  de  main ;  and  then  we  should  have  a  footing 
in  the  country,  but  as  it  is — if  we  are  taken,  my  £Eite 
will  not  be  a  mild  one  ;  the  best  I  can  expect  is  to  be 
shot  as  emigr6  rentr6,  imless  I  have  the  good  fortune 
to  be  killed  in  the  action ;  for  most  assuredly  if  the 
enemy  will  have  us,  he  must  fight  for  us.  Perhaps  I 
may  be  reserved  for  a  trial,  for  the  sake  of  striking 
terror  into  others,  in  which  case,  I  shall  be  hanged  as 
a  traitor  and  embowelled,  etc.  As  to  the  embowellingi 
*  Je  m'en  fiche,'  if  ever  they  hang  me,  they  are 
welcome  to  embowel  me,  if  they  please.  These 
pleasant  prospects ! " 

"  December  26th. — ^Last  night,   at  half-past 


APPEEHEN8I0N   OP   WOLFE  TONE.  241 

o'clock,  with  a  heavy  gale  of  wind  still  from  the  east, 

we  were  surprised  by  the  admiral's  frigate  numing 

under  our  quarter,  and  hailing  the  Indomitable  with 

orders  to  cut  our  cable  and  put  to  sea  instantly.    The 

frigate  then  pursued  her  course,  leaving  us  all  in  the 

utmost  astonishment."    He  then  goes  on  to  say,  '^  All 

our  hopes  are  now  reduced  to  get  back  in  safety  to 

Brest.    Well,  let  me  think  no  more  about  it.  *  It  is 

lost  and  let  it  go.    I  hope  the  Directory  will  not  dis- 

laiss  me  the  service  for  this  unhappy  failure." 

This  terrible  and  Nil-desperandum  man  had  a  heart, 
and  a  warm  one.  We  close  our  quotations,  from  his 
journal  with  the  following  beautiful  passage : — 

*^  K  God  Almighty  spare  me  my  dearest  love  and 
darling  babies  in  safety,  I  wiU  buy  and  rent  a  little 
spot,  and  have  done  with  the  world  for  ever.  I  shall 
ueither  be  great  nor  famous,  nor  powerful,  but  I  may 
^  happy.  God  knows  whether  I  shall  ever  reach 
Fiance  myself,  and  in  that  case  what  will  become  of 
^y  family.  It  is  horrible  to  me  to  think  of  it.  Oh 
^y  life  and  soul  I  My  darling  babies  shall  I  ever  see 
you  again.  This  infernal  wind  continues,  without 
^termission,  and  now  that  all  is  lost,  I  am  as  eager  to 
get  back  to  Prance  as  I  was  to  come  to  Ireland." 

Would  that  those  holy  thoughts  and  holy  ties  of 
^e  and  children  could  have  bound  his  indomitable 
^irit.  But  no  ;  he  must  try  again.  He  does  so,  and 
^  captured  ojff  Loch  Swilly,  after  a  hard  fight ;  and 
Marched,  with  the  French  prisoners,  to  Letterkenny, 
Sir  George  Hill,  who  had  been  his  fellow-student  at 
Trinity  College,  discovered  him  in  the  regimentals  of 
^  French  ofl&cer.      He  was  put  in  irons,  carried  to 

VOL.  n.  16 


242  HISTOBT  OF  OOBK. 

Dublin,  tried  by  court-martial,  and  sentenced  to  1 

hanged.    He  ai&ed  permission  to  be  ahoti  and  w 

refused. 

An  exciting  and  extraordinary  scene  occurred  tl 

next  day — the  day  fixed  for  his  execution — ^in  tl 

Court  of  King's  Bench,  where  that  upright  judg 

Lord  Kilwarden,*  presided.    Curran  entered  the  coui 

leading  an  aged  man — Wolfe  Tone's  father — up  to  H 

bench,  where  he  made  an  affidavit  that  his  son  hs 

been  brought  before  a  ^^  bench  of  officers,  calling  then 

selves  a  court-martial,   who  had  sentenced  him  1 

death." 

"  I  do  not  pretend,"  said  Curran,  "  that  Mr.  Tor 

is  not  guilty  of  the  charges  for  which  he  is  accused. 

presume  that  the  officers  were  honorable  men,  but 

is  stated  in  this  affidavit,  as  a  solemn  fsict,  that  M\ 

Tone  had  no  commission  under  his  majesty^  and  therefon 

no  courUmartial  could  have  cognizance  of  any  crime  m 

puted  to  him^  whilst  the  Court  of  King^s  Bench  sat  m  £ 

capacity  of  the  great  criminal  court  of  the  land.    ] 

times  when  war  was  raging,  when  man  was  oppose 

to  man  in  the  fields  courts-martial  might  be  endured 

but  every  law  authority  is  with  me,  whilst  I  stac 

upon  this  sacred  and  immutable  principle  of  the  ooi 

stitution,  that  martial  law  and  civil  law  are  incompat 

ble,  and  the  former  must  cease  with  the  existence  t 

the  latter.    This  is  not,  however,  the  time  for  argnin 

this  momentous  question.    My  client  must  appear  i 

this  court.    He  is  cast  for  death  this  very  day.    S 

may  be  ordered  for  execution  whilst  I  address  you. 

*  Lord  KUwardm^  whose  sarname  was  Wolfe,  was  afterwardi  killed  bj  S 
met's  party  in  Dubliiii  in  miitako  for  Lord  Norbuiy.    A  aad  mutakii  fbr  Btau 

himself. 


WOLFE  tone's  SUIdBE.  24S 

the  court  to  support  the  laWy  and  move  fbr  a 
3orpu8,  to  be  directed  to  the  proTOst-maxthal 
arracks  of  Dublin  and  Major  SandySi  to  bring 
lody  of  Tone. 

hief- Justice  Kilwarden,  who  heard  the  eloquent 
with  breathless  attention^  commanded  that  a 
habeas  corpus  ^^  be  instantly  prepared." 
lord,"  said  Curran,  ^^  my  client  may  die  vhila 
is  preparing.'' 

Sheriff/'  said  the  judge,  ^^  proceed  to  the 
i,  and  tell  the  proyost-marshal  that  a  writ  is 
g,  to  suspend  Mr.  Tone's  ezeoutiozi,  and  ae         ^ 
£  not  executedJ^ 

ourt  awaits  the  return  of  the  sheriff  in  a  Atate 
I  anxiety.  But  he  speedily  appears  and  says, 
rd,  I  have  been  to  the  barracks  in  pursuance 
)rder.  The  provost-marshal  says  he  must  obey 
mdys,  Major  Sandys  says  he  must  obey  Lord 
lis, — "  who  was  then  Lord  Lieutenant. 
Xilwarden  rose,  and  his  passion  was  actually 
*'  Mr.  Sheriff,  take  the  body  of  Tone  into 

take  proYOst-marshal  into  custody,  take  Major 
into  custody,  and  for  so  doing  show  the  order 
."  The  sheriff  hastened  to  tiie  barracks,  and 
ily  returned.  He  whispers  something  in  the 
oar — the  whisper  soon  runs  round  the  court — ^^ 
[?one,  who  knew  nothing  of  the  proceedings 
stay  his  execution,  had  inflicted  a  deadly  toamd 
throaty  with  a  penknife.  He  wrote  the  fol- 
)eautifal  letter  to  his  wife,  just  before  he  com* 
he  fearful  deed :  — 


244  nisTORY  OP  cork. 

"  Pro  YOST  Prison,  Dobliv  Barbacks, 
lOM  November^  1798. 

"  Dearest  Love, 

^^  The  hour  is  at  last  come  when  we  must 
part.  As  no  words  can  express  what  I  feel  for  you 
and  our  children,  I  shall  not  attempt  it  Complaint  of 
any  kind  would  be  beneath  your  courage  and  mine. 
Be  assured  I  will  die  as  I  have  lived,  and  that  you 
will  have  no  cause  to  blush  for  me. 

"I  have  written  on  your  behalf  to  the  French 
Government,  to  the  Minister  of  Marine,  to  General 
Kilmaine,  and  to  Mr.  Shee ;  with  the  latter,  I  wish  you 
especially  to  advise.  In  Ireland  I  have  written  to 
your  brother  Harry,  and  to  those  of  my  Mends  who 
are  about  to  go  into  exile,  and  who,  I  am  surOy  will 
not  abandon  you. 

^^  Adieu,  dearest  love.  I  find  it  impossible  to  finish 
this  letter.  Give  my  love  to  Mary;  and  above  all 
things,  remember  that  you  are  now  the  only  parent  of 
our  dearest  children,  and  that  the  best  proof  you  can 
give  of  your  affection  for  me,  will  be  to  preserve  your- 
self for  them.     God  Almighty  bless  you  all. 

^^  Yours  ever, 

« T,  W.  Toot." 

He  writes  her  afterwards  "  just  one  line,''  to  infbrm 
her  of  some  family  arrangements,  and  then  finally  oca- 
eludes — "  Adieu,  dearest  love.  Keep  your  courage  as 
I  have  kept  mine.  My  mind  is  as  tranquil  this  mo- 
ment as  at  any  period  of  my  life.  Cherish  my  memory^ 
and  especially  preserve  your  health  and  spirits  for  the 
sake  of  our  dearest  children.    Your  ever  affectionate^ 

«T.  W.  Toot." 


LOTALTY  OF  IHE  CATHOLIC  CLEBGT.       245 

He  must  have  seen  and  heard  the  soldiers  erecting 
the  gallows  beneath  his  windows  while  penning 
this  letter,  in  which  he  says  his  mind  is  as  tnmquil  as 
at  any  period  of  his  life.  He  had  the  power  of  dying 
in  his  own  hands.  He  lived  till  the  19th,  when  he 
began  rapidly  to  sink.  Overhearing  the  surgeon  whis- 
per, "K  he  attempts  to  move  or  speak,  he  will 
instantly  expire," — "I  can  find  no  words  to  thank 
you,  sir,"  said  he,  making  an  effort  to  rise.  ^^  It  is  the 
most  welcome  news  you  could  give  me.  What  should 
I  wish  to  live  for?"  He  then  fell  back,  and  died 
without  a  struggle. 

Wolfe  Tone  very  honestly  informed  General  Hoche,  *E' 

when  he  asked  whether  he  thought  the  Catholic  clergy 
would  join  them,  '^  I  certainly  do  not  calculate  on  their 
assistance,  but  neither  do  I  think  they  will  be  able  to 
give  us  any  effectual  opposition.  But  here  he  was 
mistaken.  Doctor  Francis  Moylan,  Catholic  bishop  of 
Cork,  from  1787  to  1803,  gave  all  the  illegal  associates 
of  these  days  the  most  strenuous  and  effectual  opposi- 
tion. Sir  Kichard  Musgrave  says,  "  The  members  of 
the  Union  in  Cork  were  so  desperate  and  sanguinary, 
that  a  proposition  was  made,  and  it  was  for  some 
time  discussed  in  committee,  to  murder  the  amiable 
Doctor  Moylan,  the  titular  Bishop  of  Cork,  partly 
from  motives  of  revenge,  on  account  of  his  loyalty." 
The  Catholic  gentlemen  of  Cork  were  as  distin- 
guished for  their  loyalty  as  the  Protestants.  On  the 
4th  of  June,  1779,  an  express  came  to  Cork,  ordering 
the  81st  Highland  regiment  to  march,  at  the  shortest 
notice,  to  Bantry.  A  fleet  of  several  ships  of  the  line 
frigates  and  transports,  were  seen  in  Bantry  Bay.     A 


246  HISTOBT  OF  OOEK. 

second  express  arrived,  ordering  the  Highland  regi- 
ment to  march  to  Bandon.  The  armed  companies  were 
also  called  out,  when  '^a  great  number  of  Boman 
Catholic  gentlemen  immediately  offered  ihemselTes  as 
volunteers  to  join  their  Protestant  fellow-citizens,  and 
were  well  received."  The  French  fleet  turned  out  to 
be  English.  It  raised  the  alarm  by  firing  salutes 
for  the  king's  birth-day. 

The  Bev.  Mr.  Barry,  parish  priest  of  Mallow,  and 
the  Bev.  Mr.  Barry,  parish  priest  of  Charleville,  were 
active  opponents  of  all  kinds  of  United  Irishmen,  and 
democratic    associations.      Barry,   of  Mallow,    gave 
information  to  government  of  a  plan  laid  by  a  regiment 
to  siege  the  town  of  Mallow,  for  which  he  got  a 
pension  of  two  hundred  a-year,  and  the  name  of  the 
Protestant  priest.    The  following  letter  from  lieut- 
General  Lake— which  appears  among  the  Comwallis' 
correspondence— makes  incidental  reference  to  the  oir- 
cumstance,  in  describing  a  like  sSair    among  the 
Meath  Militia,  which  occurred  soon  afterwards.    The 
object  of  the  second  attack  was  to  liberate  some  pri- 
soners of  the  regiment  that  were  confined  for  treason- 
able practices — for  treason  in  those  days  was  as  rife  in 
the  army*  as  among  the  civilians : — 

<^  LIETTT.-OEirBRAL  LAKE  TO  UEUT.-OOLONEL  LTETIiSEALtf^ 

"  Cart,  May  Tfl,  177&- 
*'  My  Dbar  Colonel, 

^^  Knowing  how  fast  reports  fly  in  this  coonfijy 
particularly  when  they  can  produce  mischief,  I  thiBk 

•  In  ths  army.  It  oune  oat  on  the  trial  of  Peter  Shea,  of  Coik,  that  hi'' 
others  had  endeayoured  to  sedaoe  the  crew  of  the  Venerable  and  Ajax  ^ 
"war,  stationed  in  Cork  harbour. 


DISLOTALTT  OP  THE   MILITIA.  247 

il  right  to  inform  you  that  the  cause  of  this  express 
ftooeeds  from  some  of  the  Meath  Militia.  About 
[  Jcmrteen  of  them  forced  the  main  guard  at  Mallow, 
fiberated  some  prisoners  of  the  regiment  that  were 
aonfined  for  treasonable  practices,  amongst  whom  was 
sergeant,  and  effected  their  escape  with  them. 


'   *^™een  ourselves,  I  am  apprehensive  this  may  be  of 


extent  in  that  regiment.  However,  at  present 
fliey  are  all  quiet,  and  will,  I  trust,  be  kept  so  by  the 
fraeaution  taken.  A  soldier  of  the  regiment  has  given 
sneh  information,  and  I  hope  much  more  will  soon 
wme  out.  The  Lord  deliver  us  from  such  troops,  and 
aend  us  better  times. 

"  Believe  me  ever,  with  regards,  most  truly  yours, 

"  G.  Lake." 

"  Such  was  the  rapidity  of  the  organization,"  says 
Sir  Bichard  Musgrave,  ^^  that  in  all  the  country  con- 
tiguous  to  Mallow,  Doneraile,  and  Charleville,  the 
aiass  of  the  people  was  sworn,  and  all  the  Protestants 
were  disarmed,  in  the  course  of  a  few  nights."  He 
goes  on  to  say,  ^^  An  immense  quantity  of  pikes  were 
fiibricated  in  Cork.  Measures  were  concerted  for 
taking  the  magazines,  and  so  sure  were  the  conspira- 
tors of  succeeding,  that  poles  were  prepared,  exactly 
fitted  to  the  socket  of  a  bayonet." 

But  1798,  as  far  as  this  county  was  concerned,  went 
off  without  any  remarkable  outbreak  or  rebel  demon- 
stration. This,  at  least,  is  the  testimony  of  the  Marquis 
Comwallis,  who,  in  writing  to  the  Duke  of  Portland, 
says,  ^'  There  has  been  an  inconsiderable  rising  between 
Bandon  and  Clonakilty ,  but  the  rebels  were  soon  routed 
and  dispersed.     I  have  heard  that  the  object  [of  the 


248  HISTOBT  OF  GOBK. 

rising]  was  to  rescue  some  prisoners,  which  is  a  praotioe 
not  unusual  in  this  country." — (hrnwaXJiuf  Oorm^ 
pondenee^  vol.  ii.,  p.  354. 

These  risings  and  plots  were  generally  e^otggeratecL 
Lord  Comwallis,  writing  to  the  Duke  of  PorUand, 
May  9th,  1801,  says,  ^^  I  received  yesterday,  at  a  late 
hour,  your  grace's  letter,  dated  the  4th  instant, 
acquainting  me  that  Lord  Longueville  had  been  in* 
formed  of  a  conspiracy  for  a  general  massacre  in  the 
barony  of  Muskerry,  and  that  six  of  the  principal 
leaders  were  apprehended.  Had  the  plot,  which  is 
said  to  have  been  discovered,  been  of  so  very  aeiioua 
a  nature,  it  is  impossible  that  I  should  not  have  heard 
of  it  .  •  .  Your  grace  will  see,  from  therepoxts  I 
transmit,  how  greatly  these  dangerous  plots  are 
heightened  by  the  warmth  of  the  imagination.'' 

Sir  Bichard  Musgrave  mentions  ^^Boger  Conor, 
confined  in  Cork  jail,''  as  the  chief  director,  or  orga* 
nizer,  of  the  Union  in  Cork.  It  was  he  who  kept  open 
house  for  the  reception  of  soldiers,  and  paid  the  bills 
of  entertainment.  It  is  said  ^^  he  even  supplied  fhe 
concubines,  the  more  effectually  to  seduce  them."  We 
suspect  that  this  Boger  was  a  relative  of  the  far  more 
famous  Arthur  0' Conor,  who  surrendered  himself  on 
the  3rd  of  July,  1797,  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  and 
Emmet  becoming  his  sureties. 

Conway  and  Swanton,  both  Cork  men,  were  yeiy 
actively  engaged.  Conway  was  a  watchmaker,  and 
one  of  the  Directory  of  Cork.  Both  he  and  his  friend 
Swanton  were  arrested  and  sent  to  Cork  jail,  where 
Conway  lost  his  health,  and  offered  the  government 
^^  usefiil  information  "  for  his  liberty. 


CONWAY  AND  SWANTON.  249 

Lord  Casilereagh,  writing  a  ^^  most  secret  ^^  letter  to 
Wickham,  says,  ^^  I  have  the  honor  of  enclosing  you, 
for  the  information  of  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Portland, 
an  abstract  of  some  information  received  from  Mr. 
Mao  Gxdchen,  who  is  secretly  employed  of  Mr.  Conway, 
who  was  one  of  the  Directory  of  Cork,  and  of  James 
Hughes,  who  was  one  of  the  chiefs  of  banditti  that 
infested  the  Wicklow  mountains."  Mr.  Boss,  the 
editor  of  the  Comwallis'  Correspondence,  says,  "  Mr. 
Conway  offered  to  become  a  secret  agent  for  detecting 
the  leaders  of  the  conspiracy.  The  information  he  gaye 
was  very  valuable." — ComwaUis^  Correspondencej  voL 
iii.,  p.  85. 

Swanton,  who  lived  near  Dunmanway,  escaped  to 
America,  where  he  became  a  ^ffe.  He  returned  to 
this  county,  two^  or  three  years  ago,  no  doubt  a  far 
wiser  man  than  he  left  it.  Great  revolutions  always 
throw  clever  and,  sometimes,  good  men  to  the  surface 
of  society.  Swanton  had  never  been  a  judge  if  he  had 
not  been  a  rebel.  Lord  Comwallis  suspected  that  Mr. 
Eoche,  of  Trabolgan,  was  connected  with  the  French 
landing,  under  Humbert,  in  1798.  Writing  to  the 
Duke  of  Portland,  he  says,  "  We  have  discovered  a 
Mr.  Teeling,  of  Lisbume,  among  the  French  prisoners ; 
and,  I  believe  that  we  shall  prove  that  a  Monsieur  La 
Roche  is  a  Mr.  Eoche  of  Ireland.  Monsieur  satisfied 
Mr.  Cooke  that  he  was  bom  of  English  parents  in 
France,  but,  "  after  his  departure  fresh  suspicions  arose 
that  he  was  one  of  the  Soches  of  Trabolgan,  county 
of  Cork,  and  he  was  ordered  to  be  arrested ;  but  he 
had  previously  escaped." — Cornwall  Correspondence^ 
vol.  ii.,  p.  405. 


250  HISTOBY  OF  OOHK. 

The  very  best  men  and  most  distinguished  patriots 
were  thought  to  be  more  or  less  leavened  with  reyolu- 
tionary  opinions.  Hemy  Gratten  was  not  only  sua- 
pected,  but  believed,  to  have  been  fully  compromised, 
and  was,  therefore,  dismissed  the  Privy  Council.  See 
Comwallis^  Correspondence,  vol.  ii,  pp,  S97-8  and 
417,  which  contains  the  letter  informing  the  Duke  of 
Portland  that  his  dismissal  had  been  ^^  notified  in  the 
Gazette." 

The  apprehension  and  death  of  the  two  brothers, 
Henry  and  John  Sheares,  was  deeply  felt  by  the  in- 
habitants of  Cork  generally.  Their  &ther*  was  a 
banker  in  the  city,  and  had  represented  the  borough 
of  Clonakilty  in  the  Irish  Parliament.  A  gentleman 
in  Cork,  who  remembers  the  two  brothers — Mr.  Hum* 
phreys,  of  the  Boyal  Cork  Institution — tells  me  that 
Henry,  the  elder,  had  a  wine  stain  on  his  face,  but 
that  John  was  a  very  handsome  man.  Both  brothers 
had  imbibed  the  principles  of  the  French  Bepublioan 
school.  They  were  in  Paris,  and  present  at  the  execu- 
tion of  Louis  XVI.  O'Connell  met  them  on  his  return 
from  St.  Omer  and  Douai,  in  January  1793,  and  ex- 
pressed his  "  horror  " — as  he  told  Mr.  James  Boche  of 
Cork — "at  the  language  of  these  imhappy  men,  in 
reference  to  the  execution,  which  they  had  exultingly 
witnessed." 

John  Sheares  was  fearfully  democratic.  There  can- 
not be  the  shadow  of  a  doubt,  after  reading  the  following 
paper,  which  was  found  in  his  possession,  and  produced 
on  his  trial,  that  he  contemplated  not  only  a  genenl 

•  TJicir  father,  Mr.  Honry  Shoaros,  established  a  sooietf  in  Cork,  in  1774,  frr 

the  relief  and  discbarge  of  persons  confined  for  «n<^ll  debts. 


THB  TWO  SHBAHES.  251 

rising,  but  also  a  butchering  of  some  and  the  imprison- 
ment of  others.  The  paper  was  intended  for  publication 
after  the  rising,  or  couf  dhtai: — 

"  Irishmen,  your  country  is  free  I  All  those  mon- 
sters who  usurped  its  government,  to  oppress  its  people, 
are  in  our  hands,  except  such  as  have * 

"  Your  country  is  free,  and  you  are  about  to  be 
avenged.  That  vile  government,  which  has  so  long 
and  so  cruelly  oppressed  you,  is  no  more ;  some  of  its 
most  atrocious  monsters  have  already  paid  the  forfeit 
of  their  lives,  and  the  rest  are  in  our  hands.  The 
national  flag  —  the  sacred  green  —  is  at  this  moment 
flying  over  the  ruins  of  despotism ;  and  that  capital, 
which  a  few  hours  past  witnessed  the  debauchery, 
plots  and  crimes  of  your  tyrants,  is  now  the  citadel  of 
triumphant  patriotism  and  virtue.  Arise,  then,  united 
sons  of  Ireland;  arise,  like  a  great  and  powerful  people, 
determined  to  be  free,  or  to  die;  arm  yourselves  by 
every  means  in  your  power,  and  rush  like  lions  on 
your  foes.  Consider  that  for  every  enemy  you  disarm 
you  arm  a  friend,  and  thus  become  doubly  powerful  in 
the  cause  of  liberty;  inaction  is  cowardice,  and  the 
coward  shall  forfeit  the  property  he  has  not  the  courage 
to  protect.  Let  his  arms  be  seized  and  transferred  to 
those  gallant  spirits  who  want,  and  will  use  them. 
Yes,  Irishmen,  we  swear  by  that  eternal  justice,  in 
whose  cause  you  fight,  that  the  brave  patriot  who  sur- 
vives the  present  glorious  struggle,  and  the  family  of 
him  who  has  fallen,  or  shall  fall  hereafter  in  it,  shall 
receive,  from  the  hands  of  a  grateful  nation,  an  ample 

♦  Such  09  hav$  "been  slaughtered"  or  "slain,"  would  bo  an  appro* 

priate  filling  of  the  earU  blanche. 


252  HISTOBT  OF  OOBK. 

recompense;  out  of  that  property  which  the  crimes  of 
our  enemies  have  forfeited  into  its  hands,  and  his 
name  shall  be  inscribed  on  the  national  record  of  Irish 
revolution,  as  a  glorious  example  to  all  posterity ;  but 
toe  Ukeunse  swear  to  punish  rohhery  with  death  and  m* 
/amy. 

^^  We  also  swear  that  we  will  neyer  sheath  the  sword 
until  every  being  in  the  country  is  restored  to  those 
equal  rights  which  the  Ood  of  Nature  has  given  to  all 
men ;  until  an  order  of  things  shall  be  established|  in 
which  no  superiority  shall  be  acknowledged  among 
the  citizens  of  Erin,  but  that  of  virtue  and  talent. 

^^  As  for  those  degenerate  wretches  who  turn  tiieir 
swords  against  their  native  country,  the  national  ven- 
geance awaits  them ;  let  them  find  no  quarter  unless 
'  they  shall  prove  their  repentance  by  speedily  desert- 
ing, exchanging  from  the  standard  of  slavery  for  that 
of  freedom,  under  which  their  former  errors  may  be 
buried,  and  they  may  share  the  glory  and  advantages 
that  are  due  to  the  patriot  bands  of  Ireland. 

<^  Many  of  the  military  feel  the  love  of  glory  g^ow 
within  their  breasts,  and  have  joined  the  national 
standard ;  receive  with  open  arms  such  as  shall  follow 
so  glorious  an  example ;  they  can  render  signal  servioe 
to  the  cause  of  freedom,  and  shall  be  rewarded  aeoord- 
ing  to  their  deserts.  But  for  the  wretch  who  turns  his 
sword  against  his  native  country,  let  the  national  ven- 
geance be  visited  on  him ;  let  him  find  no  quarter. 

^^  Bouse  all  the  energies  of  your  soul ;  call  forth  all 
the  merit  and  abilities  which  a  vicious  government 
consigned  to  obscurity,  and  under  the  conduot  of  your 
chosen  leaders,  march  with  a  steady  step  to  viotoiy ; 


THE  TWO   SHEARES.  263 

heed  not  the  glare  of  a  hired  soldiery,  or  aristocratic 
yeomawry;  they  cannot  stand  the  yigorons  shook  of 
fireedom.  Their  trappings  and  their  arms  will  soon  be 
yonrSy  and  the  detested  government  of  England,  to 
which  we  vow  eternal  hatred,  shall  learn  that  the 
treasures  they  exhaust  on  its  accoutred  slaves,  for  the 
purpose  of  butchering  Irishmen,  shall  but  further 
enable  us  to  turn  their  swords  on  its  devoted  head. 

"Attack  them  in  every  direction,  by  day  andby night; 
avail  yourselves  of  the  natural  advantages  of  your 
country,  which  are  innumerable,  and  with  which  you 
are  better  acquainted  than  they. 

"  Where  you  cannot  oppose  them  in  full  force,  con- 
stantly harass  their  rear  and  their  flanks,  cut  off  their 
provisions  and  magazines,  and  prevent  them,  as  much 
as  possible,  from  uniting  their  forces :  Let  whatever 
moments  you  cannot  devote  to  fighting  for  your  country, 
be  passed  in  learning  how  to  fight  for  it,  or  preparing 
the  means  of  war ;  for  war,  war  alone,  must  occupy 
every  miud  and  every  hand  in  Ireland,  until  its  long 
oppressed  soil  be  purged  of  all  its  enemies. 

**  Yengeance,  Irishmen,  vengeance  on  your  oppressors 
— remember  what  thousands  of  your  dearest  friends 
have  perished  by  their  merciless  orders — remember  their 
burnings,  their  rackings,  their  torturings,  their  mili- 
tary massacres,  and  their  legal  murders.  Bemember 
Orr.'^ 

The  Sheares  were  betrayed  by  Captain  John  Warne- 
ford  Armstrong,*  of  the  King's  County  Militia,  who 
visited  at  their  house  as  a  friend,  and  spoke,  with 

«  Capiwi  John  Warneford  jLnmtrong  di^d,  in  the  King's  Gountj,  about  two 
years  ago. 


254  HI8I0RT  OF  GORE. 

apparent  enthusiasm,  of  the  measures  or  projects  of 
the  United  Irishmen.  It  is  not  improbable  that  Arm- 
strong communicated  with  Fitzgibbon,  the  Lord-Chan- 
cellor Clare,  for  we  find  him  using  his  best  efforts — 
and  we  are  only  too  happy  to  record  it  of  him — to 
reclaim  them  before  they  were  fully  and  publicly  com- 
promised. The  following,  which  occurs  among  the 
critical  and  miscellaneous  papers  of  the  late  Mr.  James 
Eoche,*  of  Cork,  wiU  be  read  with  interest : — 

^^  Before  the  outbreak  of  the  insurrection  in  1798, 
during  the  assizes  of  Limerick,  Lord  Clare  desired  to 
have  an  interview  with  the  two  Sheares,  to  which  my 
father,  in  the  hope  of  a  pacific  result,  invited  them  to 
his  house ;  but  it  ended,  unfortunately,  in  more  intense 
exasperation  and  irritation,  as  was  discernible  in  the 
young  men's  flushed  features  and  defiant  bearing  as 
they  parted.  Yet  the  Chancellor's  object  was  certainly 
benevolent  and  conciliatory,  but  they  were  intraotable. 
The  interview  was  close  and  private,  still  I  marked 
their  aspect  on  leaving  the  house — ^inflamed  and  in- 
dignant in  every  lineament.  Possibly  overtures  repul- 
sive to  their  feelings  may  have  thus  excited  theuL^* 

Lord  Clare,  after  this,  gave  them  up,  and,  it  is  said, 
got  the  infamous  Toler — ^better  known  as  Lord  Norbury 
— appointed  as  Attorney-General,  that  he  might  oon- 
duct  the  prosecution.  Sir  Jonah  Barrington  waited  on 
Fitzgibbon,  and  urged  him  to  save  the  elder,  if  it  were 
only  for  the  sake  of  his  wife  and  children.    The 

*  Mr.  James  Boche  was,  for  masy  yoan,  a  Icadinfi"  banker  of  Coxlc ;  bat  Ibad 
time  for  literary  purmiits,  as  is  evincea  bv  his  two  volames  of  '*  Gritioal  ElMj%'* 
contributed  to  tne  Dublin  Reyiew,  ancl  the  Gentleman's  Maganne.  He  WM 
I'resident  of  the  Cork  Institution^  His  death  occurred  about  the  1st  of  April, 
1863.  Ilis  picture,  by  Mr.  James  Brennan,  of  this  city,  adomi  the  walli  of^the 
Cork  AthensBum. 


EXECUTION   OF  THE  TWO   8HEARES.  255 

Oliancellor  was  piqued,  and  therefore  inexorable.  But 
^t;  the  last  moment  a  respite  was  obtained  for  Henry ; 
t^'iit,  alas,  it  was  a  few  minutes  too  late.  The  herald 
^*rived  in  time  to  see  the  gory  head  in  the  hands  of 
"the  executioner,  and  to  hear  him  exclaim,  "  This  is  the 
^ead  of  a  traitor." 

A  very  serious  aflGair  occurred  at  Oulart,  county 
Wexford,  between  the  rebels  and  the  North  Cork 
Hilitia.  A  hundred  and  nine  picked  men,  of  the 
North  Cork,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Poote,  marched  out  to  battle :  of  which  number  but 
two  returned  to  tell  of  their  defeat.  "Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Foote  and  one  sergeant,  the  wretched  remains 
of  that  fine  and  valiant  body  of  men,  were  seen  pensively 
riding  over  the  bridge,  and  approaching  the  town." 
There  fell,  of  officers,  on  this  occasion,  Major  Lombard, 
the  Honourable  Captain  de  Courcy,  (of  the  Kinsale 
family)  Lieutenants  Williams,  Ware  and  Barry,  and 
Ensign  Keogh.  Lieutenant  Ware,*  "  a  young  gentle- 
man, just  of  age,  possessed  of  a  good  property,"  and 
nephew  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  Foote,  lost  his  life  by 
humanely  reining  in  his  steed,  to  raise  a  wounded  boy, 
belonging  to  the  band,  to  the  saddle  behind  him.  A 
rebel  came  up  in  the  nick  of  time,  and  pulled  him  down 
with  the  crook  of  his  pike.  The  commander  had  the 
crook  of  a  pike  in  his  pig-tail,  but  the  ribbon  broke, 
leaving  the  Irishman  no  more  than  a  lock  of  his  hair. 

♦  Lieutenant  Ware, — John  Ware,  the  uncle  of  Sir  James  Ware,  the  historian, 
■cttled  in  the  county  Cork,  in  the  end  of  the  16th  century.  The  Wares  were 
oriffinally  from  Yorkshire.    They  came  to  Ireland  with  the  Lord  Deputy  Fita- 

its  of  John  Ware,  live  at  Woodford,  near  Malic 


Wuliam.    The  descendants  of  John  Ware,  live  at  Woodford,  near  Mallow,  of 
which  Sir  James  Ware,  the  historian's  father,  was  member  in  1613. 


CHAPTER  X. 

BiBV&iLKOHISBMBKT    OF    COUNTY    BOBOUOHS — THB    IBISH 

PABLIAMBKT — THB  SALE   OF   IBISH   BOBOT70H8 — 

THB  LBGISLATIYB   UKIOK. 

A.D.    1800. 

There  were  seven  borough  towns  in  this  county  dis- 
franchised by  the  legislative  union,  namely,  Donerailey 
Charleville,  Midleton,  Castlemartyr,  Clonakilty,  Balti- 
more and  Bathcormac ;  and  four  which  lost  a  member 
each,  namely,  Youghal,  Elinsale,  Mallow,  and  Bandoo. 
The  county  Cork  lost  eighteen  representatives  by 
the  imion.  But  we  are  by  no  means  disposed  to 
conclude — ^without  offering  any  opinion  on  the  vexed 
question  of  self-government — ^that  the  removal  of  fheee 
borough  members  was  a  loss.  To  the  Irish  parliament 
their  removal  would  have  been  a  positive  reliefl  The 
members  of  the  counties  and  large  towns  were  swamped 
by  these  borough  members,  who  were  almost  invariably 
the  nominees  and  tools  of  the  noblemen  who  owned  the 
boroughs. 

On  some  rare  occasions  we  see  one  of  these  boroaghfl 
assuming  an  independent  aspect.  Youghal  presented 
such  an  example  in  1768 : — 

^^  April  12th. — This  day  Bichard  Tonson  was  ush- 
ered into  the  town  of  Youghal,  by  a  great  number  of 


THE   IRISH   PARLIAMENT.  257 

tiia  free  and  independent  voters,  with  colours  flying, 
guns  firing,  music,  and  every  other  demonstration  of 
joy,  for  his  timely  assistance  in  the  support  of  freedom 
and  independence  in  their  corporation.  On  the  follow- 
ing day,  at  a  dinner  which  was  given,  the  toasts  were 
expressive  of  exultation  at  their  deliverance  from  the 
domineering  influence  of  some  private  proprietor." 

There  never  was  a  more  corrupt  assembly  than  the 
tiixee  hundred  men  who  sat  in  College  Green,  and  who 
proved  their  corruption  by  voting  away,  at  the  bidding 
of  their  patrons,  the  legislative  prerogatives  of  their 
ooontry.  The  Irish  parliament  of  1782  may  be  styled 
independent,  but  this  cannot  be  said  of  the  members, 
who  were  nominated  by  the  aristocracy.  The  House 
bad  been  swept  and  garnished,  but  the  inmates  were 
imwashed. 

Henry  Grattan  saw  this,  and  calls  it  a  ^^  borough 
parliament."  Speaking  of  the  act  of  Independence,  he 
Mys,  ^^  It  gave  the  country  a  new  political  situation, 
wherein  she  ceased  to  be  a  province,  and  became  a 
nation ;  and  of  course  rendered  those  borough  parlia- 
ments, that  were  adequate  to  the  management  of  a 
province," — to  the  management  of  Ireland  when  a 
province — "absurd  and  inapplicable  when  that  pro- 
vince became  a  nation."  He  speaks  of  those  who 
would  retain  the  credit  of  reformers,  while  they  cleave 
to  the  borough  representation —who  are  willing  to 
"  let  the  people  sit  in  the  House  of  Commons,  provided 
the  aristocrats  sat  in  their  lap." 

We  learn  from  a  Report  of  Commissioners  on  Irish 
corporations,  previous  to  the  passing  of  the  reform 
bill,  that  there  were  forty-five  corporate  towns  in  Ire- 

TOL-  n.  17 


258  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

land  previous  to  the  reign  of  James  !•  They  were 
Ardee,  Ardfert  and  Athboy,  Athenry,  Bannow,  CaUan, 
Carlingford,  Carlow,  Carrickfergus,  Cashel,  Clonmel, 
Cork,  Dingle,  Donegal,  Drogheda,  Dublin,  Doleek, 
Dundalk,  Dungarvan,  Fethard,  (county  of  Tipperary), 
Fore,  Galway,  Gowran,  Inistiogue,  Irishtown,  Kells, 
Kildare,  Kilkenny,  Kilmallock,  Kinsale,  Eiiocktopher, 
Limerick,  Maryborough,  Naas,  Navan,  New  Boss,  Old 
Leighlin,  Fhilipstown,  Boscommon,  Taghmon,  Thomas- 
town,  Trim,  Waterford,  Wexford,  and  ToughaL 

The  number  of  Irish  towns  invested  with  the  cor- 
porate rights  of  sending  members  to  the  Irish  parlia- 
ment, during  the  two  succeeding  reigns,  were  sixly- 
one  —  Agher,  Armagh,  Askeaton,  Athlone,  Athy, 
Ballinakill,  Ballyshannon,  Baltimore,  Bandon-bridge^ 
Bangor,  Belfast,  Belturbet,  Boyle,  Carrick-on-Shannon, 
Castlebar,  Cavan,  Carlemont,  Clogher,  Clonakilty, 
ColerainCi  Dungannon,  Ennis,  Enniscorthyi  Emm- 
killen,  Fethard,  (county  of  Wexford),  Gorey,  Hills- 
borough, Johnstown,  Kilbeggan,  Killileagh,  EUlybegs, 
Lifford,  Lismore,  Londonderry,  Limavaddy,  MaIloW| 
Monaghan,  Newry,  Newtownards,  Sligo,  St.  Johnstown, 
(county  of  Donegal),  Strabane,  Tallow,  Tralee,  Tuam, 
Wicklow.  By  Charles  I.,  Banagher ;  by  Charles  IL, 
Baltiuglass,  Blcssington,  Carysfort,  CastlemartyTi 
Charleville,  Dunleer,  Granard,  Harristown,  Lanes- 
borough,  Longford,  Midleton,  Portarlington,  St.  Johns- 
town, Tulstre,  were  invested  with  this  privilege. 

Some  of  these  boroughs  were  erected  by  Mary  snd 
Elizabeth.  James  I.  created  forty.  When  the  lords 
of  the  pale  remonstrated,  he  replied,  ^^  What  is  it  to 
you  whether  I  make  many  or  few.    What  if  I  oreated 


COBK   SUPPORTS  THE  UNION.  259 

forty  noblemen  and  four  hundred  boroughs ;  the  more 
the  merrier,  the  fewer  the  better  cheer." 

Some  of  the  counties  and  large  towns  were  not  of 
tiuB  opinion,  and  therefore  voted  for  the  extinction  of 
the  assembly. 

"April  23rd,  1800. — ^At  a  meeting  of  the  city  grand 
jmy,  held  during  the  Spring  Assizes,  in  the  city  grand 
jury  room,  it  was  resolved  imanimously: — *That  the. 
•entiment  of  the  city  of  Cork  in  favour  of  a  legislative 
union  with  Great  Britain,  has  already  been  expressed 
in  the  most  decided  and  unequivocal  manner,  and  that 
the  ineffectual  efforts  which  have  been  made  to  represent 
fliiB  city  as  entertaining  a  contrary  sentiment,  afford  us 
the  most  decisive  evidence  that  the  great  majority  of 
our  feUow-citizens,  in  point  of  wealth,  loyalty,  and 
steady  attachment  to  the  constitution,  still  continue 
to  approve  of  the  measure.' 

"  This  resolution  was  signed  by  the  mayor,  Philip 
ADen,  the  sherifiDs,  Henry  Hickman  and  William  Lane, 
and  also  by  the  common  speaker,  John  G.  Newsom, 
in  testimony  of  their  approbation.  There  were,  of 
course,  numbers  on  both  sides.  Messrs.  Jeffereys  and 
Penrose  went  to  London  to  present  a  petition  to  his 
majesty,  signed  by  a  number  of  freemen  and  others,  in 
reprobation  of  the  measure." 

Lord  Castlereagh,  writing  to  Wickam,  and  speaking 
of  the  opposition  in  Dublin,  says,  '^  there  is  every  reason 
to  hope  that  a  different  sentiment  prevails  at  Cork.  The 
Protestants  and  Catholics  of  that  city,  who  seldom 
agree  on  any  point,  are  both  alive  to  the  great  oo 
mercial  benefits  they  would  derive  from  it"  The  let 
is  dated  Phoenix  Park,  Nov.  23,  1798. 


260  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

Lord  Comwallis,  who  did  more  for  the  promotion  of 
the  measure  than  any  other  British  statesman,  and 
who  tried  from  the  first  to  lay  its  foundation  on  a  wide 
and  liberal  basis,  says,  in  writing  to  the  Duke  of  Port- 
land, "  I  have  reason  to  hope  that  the  inhabitants  of 
Munster,  and  particularly  the  citizens  of  Cork,  are 
partial  to  the  measure," — ComwalW  Correspandeneej 
vol.  ii.,  p.  454, 

As  I  give  this  high-minded  nobleman  the  prinoipal 
credit  of  carrying  this  most  unpopular  measure,  it  is 
only  fair  the  reader  should  know  the  kind  of  union  he^ 
wished  to  establish  between  the  two  nations.    "  I  hay^ 
no  great  doubt  of  being  able  to  carry  the  measure  here^ 
but  I  have  great  apprehensions  of  the  efficiency  of  it^ 
after  it  is  carried ;  and  I  do  not  think  it  would  hare 
been  much  more  difficult  to  have  included  the  Catho- 
lics."    Again,  "  I  certainly  wish  that  England  would 
now  make  a  union  with  the  Irish  nation,  instead  of 
making  it  with  a  party  in  Ireland.     It  has  always 
appeared  to  me  a  desperate  measure  for  the  English 
government,  to  make  an  irrevocable  alliance  with  a 
small  party  in  Ireland." — Comwallis^  Carrespandeneef 
vol.  ii.,  pp.  418,  420,443. 

In  the  same  letter  to  the  Duke  of  Portland,  he  sayB, 
"  As  your  Grace  may  wish  to  be  informed  of  the  par- 
ticular sentiments  of  the  most  leading  characters,  I 
think  it  necessary  to  mention  that  Lord  Shannon,  to 
whom  I  first  addressed  myself,  is  impressed  in  tbft 
strong^'st  manner  with  the  difficulties  and  disadvan- 
tages of  the  present  system,  and  is  disposed  to  enter- 
tain the  measure  favorably." 

Again,  ^^  After  the  distinguished  part  Lord  Shaimoii 


\ 


LOBD  SHANNON  A  UNIONIST.  261 

'iuiB  taken  throughout  the  whole  of  this  tranaaotiony  it 

ia  aeareely  neeeeaary  to  assure  your  Qraee  that  nothing 

-;waa  omitted  in  Cork,  where  his  lordship's  inflnenoe  is 

ID  deservedly  ertensive,  whioh  oould  serre  the  oause ; 

tad  I  am  not  less  bound  to  acknowledge  the  yery  for- 

ivd  part  Lord  Boyle  has  taken  on  this  occasion,'' 

Lord  Boyle  was  the  son  of  Lord  Shannon,  whom  he 
iBoeeeded  in  the  earldom,  May  20th,  1807.  He  was 
Benber  of  the  Lrish  Parliament  for  Clonakilty,  from 
Jime  1798  to  1797,  and  the  county  of  Cork  till  January 
1807.    He  died  April  22nd,  1842. 

It  was  from  Lord  Shannon's  residence,  in  Castle- 
aartyr,  that  the  marquis  wrote  the  following  letter  to 
the  Protestant  Archbishop  of  Cashel : — 

'<  Castkmarfyr^  Aug.  22mf,  1799. 

"Mt  Dear  Lobd, 

^^I  find  that  our  friends  in  the  county  of 
IHpperary  are  decidedly  of  opinion  that  a  county  meet- 
ing should  be  called,  and  are  under  no  apprehension 
about  the  success  of  the  measure,  I  have,  therefore, 
only  to  request  that  your  Grace  will  allow  your  respect- 
able name  to  be  sul^cribed  to  the  requisition. 

^^  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c., 

"  COBNWALLIS." 

The  archbishop  replies  with  all  alacrity^  ^^At  a 
quarter  past  nine  o'clock  this  night,  after  the  High 
Sheriff's  messenger  had  taken  my  answer,  I  had  the 
Jbonor  of  receiving  your  Excellency's  letter  from  Castle- 
martyr,  in  consequence  of  which  I  hare  written  a 
ieoond  letter,  to  tlie  High  8heri£^  of  which  I  take  the 


262  HISIORY  OF  CORE. 

liberty  of  enclosing  a  copy,  being  numbered  twO|  and 
written  on  the  same  sheet  of  paper  as  the  copy  of  my 
first  answer.  This  second  letter  I  shall  send  to  fhe 
High  Sheriff  very  early  to-morrow  morning. 

**  I  haye,  &o., 

"  0.  Cashbll.'^ 

The  archbishop  adds  in  a  postscript,  ^<  The  dragoon 
who  brought  your  excellency's  letter  will  set  out  from 
hence  early  to-morrow  morning."  The  archbishop  had 
first  refused  to  sign  the  requisition. 

Lord  Comwallis  shews  his  gratitude  by  recommend- 
ing the  archbishop  for  the  primacy.  ^^  If  the  king 
should  think  proper  to  give  the  primacy  in  the  line  of 
Irish  bishopSy  I  do  not  think  that  he  can,  without 
much  inconvenience,  pass  over  the  claims  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Cashel,  nor  do  I  know  any  other  candi- 
date whose  merits  would  justify  such  a  superoesaioiL 
But  should  his  majesty,  on  the  contrary,  select  one  of 
the  English  bishops,  from  the  Irish  bench,  for  that 
high  station — according  to  the  practice  which  has 
obtained  for  many  years — I  should  conceive  that  the 
Bishop  of  Ferns  would  be  the  properest  for  his  QhoioOi 
and  that  no  man  would  fill  that  high  office  with  more 
respectability." 

The  bishop  referred  to  was  Euseby  Clever,  who  was 
consecrated  bishop  of  Cork  in  March,  1789,  and  trans- 
lated to  Ferns  in  June  of  the  same  year,  and  made 
Archbishop  of  Dublin  in  1809. 

Lord  Comwallis  did  more,  or  at  least  as  much,  to 
carry  the  union,  by  the  erection  or  promotion  of  peeors^ 
as  by  money.    The  applications  made  for  lordly  honors 


r 


CBBATION  AND  PBOMOnOK  OF  PEERS.     ^63 


were  nnineioiiS)  and  on  some  oooasioiui  rather  bare- 
fMed  or  blunt. 

^^  Lord  InGhiqnin  wrote  to  me  early  in  the  bufiinefla 
^of  the  Union]  to  aak  to  be  made  a  marquisi  but  his 
krdahip  has  no  Irish  inflnence  to  support  his  request ; 
if,  however,  your  Qraoe  [the  letter  is  addressed  to  the 
Buke  of  Portland]'  should  wish  to  add  his  name  to  the 
Itmr  mentioned  in  my  paper,  I  shall  hare  no  objeotion. 
In  the  poposed  oreation  of  earls  I  hare  to  obserye, 
!  tint  as  the  late  Lord  O'Neill  and  Lord  Bandon  were 
on  the  point  of  being  promoted,  in  Lord  Camden's 
administration,  when  the  rebellion  broke  out,  and  the 
former  lost  his  life,  I  recommend  that  they  should  be 
ereated  a  few  days  before  the  others^  to  giye  them  the 
precedence." 

According  to  these  recommendations,  Murrough 
O^Brien,  fifth  earl  of  Lichiquin,  was  created  Marquis 
ef  Thomond,*  December  29, 1800  ;t  and  Francis  Ber- 
nard, who  had  been  raised  to  the  peerage  as  Lord 
Bandon,  Not.  SO,  1793,  was  created  Earl  of  Bandon, 
August  6,  1800. 

Li  the  ^^  List  of  Persons  recommended  to  His 
Hajesty  for  the  dignity  of  the  Peerage  in  Lreland,'* 
we  find  the  name  of  WiUiam  Hare,  Esq.,  of  Cork. 
'^  William  Hare,  Esq.,  and  his  son,  have  constantly 
supported  the  Union,  and  given  a  regular  attendance, 
[in  the  Irish  parUament].  Mr.  Hare's  property  is  said 
to  exceed  £12,000  a  year  in  the  counties  of  Cork  and 
Kerry." 

•  Tht  Marqms  Thomomd  wti  cretted  an  Kngliahpeer,  October  2, 1801.  H« 
WM  focceedcd  in  1808  bj  hU  nephew,  WilliaoL  William  wae  nieceedad  bj  bb 
brotber  Jtmee,  the  third  and  last  marqoii,  Angnst  SI,  1846. 

t  J>tetmh9r  29,  1800.  There  were  aerenteea  promoiioiii  in  the  Iriib  pecncpe 
Badetbiadaj. 


264  HISTORY   OF  COEK. 

William  Hare  was  created  Lord  Ennismore,  July 
30,  1800,  and  Earl  of  Listowel,  January  12,  1822. 
^^  Both  father  and  son  sat  for  Athy  at  the  time  of  the 
Union.  They  bought  their  seats  of  the  Duke  of  Lein- 
ster,  and  voted  in  opposition  to  his  wishes." — Cwres^ 
pondence^  voL  iii. 

The  following  is  the  letter  in  which  Lord  Bantry  is 
recommended  for  the  dignity  of  viscount : — 

<<  MaBQUIS  CoRNWAXUS  to  the  DuKS  of  POBTLAIfl). 

(Private.) 

'*  Ilane  Castle,  Aug,  17,  1800. 

"  My  dear  Lord, 

"  I  have  hitherto  omitted  to  mention  to  your 
grace,  that  I  promised  Lord  Longueville  to  move  his 
majesty  to  confer  upon  Lord  Bantry  the  dignity  of  a 
viscount.  Tour  grace  is  too  well  acquainted  with  the 
strong  parliamentary  interest  which  Lord  Longueville* 
possesses,  and  of  his  support  of  the  measure  of  the 
Union,  to  render  anything  further  on  my  part  neces- 
Bary  in  urging  a  compliance  with  his  request. 

"  I  have,  &c., 

"  CORNWALUS." 

Eichard  White,  Earl  of  Bantry,  was  elevated  to  the 
peerage  in  1797,  in  consequence  of  his  service  to  the 
state  on  the  occasion  of  the  arrival  of  the  Frenoh  at 
Bantry  Bay ;  and  to  the  dignity  of  viscount,  Deo.  29| 
1800,  on  which  occasion  his  son-in-law.  Lord  Longue- 
ville, was  raised  to  the  like  dignity.  The  title  died 
with  Lord  Longueville  in  1811. 

*  Lord  Longueville^  in  one  of  his  querulous  letters,  claims  Cork  and  Malknr, 
and  six  other  seats  as  his  own. — See  OomwaUut  Correopondmee,  t.  Ui.,  pp.  i89«994. 


r 


COMPENSATION   MONET.  266 


Bichard  Longfield  was  oreated  Lord  Longaeville 
in  Oct,  1795.  The  Longfields,  or  LoDgchamps,  cams 
to  England  with  the  Conqueror,  and  to  Ireland  at  a 
mj  early  period.  William,  the  grand-uncle  of  the 
first  lord,  lost  estates,  now  valued  at  £30,000  a  year, 
by  adhering  to  James  II.  He  procured  a  grant  of 
£3,000  on  William's  accession.  His  younger  brother, 
John  Longfield,  was  a  Williamite,  and  more  fortunate ; 
he  settled  in  the  county  of  Cork,  and  was  employed  as 
a  Collector  at  Mallow.  Lord  Longueville  married  Mar- 
garet, the  only  daughter  of  Bichard  White,  of  Bantry, 
hence  his  zeal  in  getting  his  father-in-law  raised  to  the 
dignity  of  a  yiscount. 

The  compensation  money  paid  for  disfranchising 
and  decreasing  the  representation  in  Irish  boroughs 
amounted  to  £1,260,000.  "Paid  by  the  people,'' 
•aid  Grattan,  "  for  getting  themselves  turned  out  of 
parliament."  The  expression  is  more  epigrammatic 
than  true.  It  was  not  the  people  but  the  nominees  of 
the  noblemen,  that  were  turned  out.  This  was  well 
understood,  and  it  was  the  noble  patrons  of  these 
boroughs  that  got  the  money.  The  price  given  for 
each  borough  was  £15,000.  Now  as  Cork  had  seven 
boroughs  disfranchised,  namely,  Charleville,  Midleton, 
Baltimore,  Clonakilty,  Castlemartyr,  Doneraile,  and 
Bathcormac,  the  noble  patrons  must  have  pocketed — 
deducting  the  small  sums  they  may  have  given  their 
nominees,  £105,000.  Lords  Cork  and  Shannon,  who 
were  joint  patrons  of  Charleville,  received  £7,500  for 
this  small  borough.  Lord  Shannon  had  more  or  less 
influence  in  four  boroughs  in  this  county,  which  were 
worth  £60,000.   Mr.  Hare,  afterwards  Lord  Ennismorei 


266  msTOBY  OF  gore. 

who  was  nominee  of  the  Duke  of  Leinsteri  for  Athy, 
got  JS1200|  the  duke  taking  the  lion's  share  of  the 
jei5,000,  that  is  £13,800. 

But  some  of  the  members  made  private  bargains  for 
themselves.  Among  this  number  was  the  famous  Sir 
Boyle  Boche,  baronet,  whom  we  claim  as  a  county 
Cork  man — ^the  very  Barney  Sheehan  of  the  Irish  par- 
liament. Sir  Boyle  Boche  was  created  a  baronet  in 
1782.  Whether  it  was  for  voting  against,  or  for  Irish 
independence,  we  cannot  say.*  He  was  member  for 
Tralee,  Gowran,  Fortarlington,  and  Old-Leighlin*  He 
was  as  celebrated  for  bulls  as  Lord  Norbury  for  pons, 
or  Curran  for  wit  and  ready  repartee.  On  the  intro^ 
duction  of  a  bill  into  the  Irish  parliament  for  the  better 
regulation  of  weights  and  measures,  he  moved  in  com- 
mittee that  "  every  quart  bottle  should  hold  a  qiiart." 
On  another  occasion  he  delivered  himself  thus : — "  It 
would  be  better,  Mr.  Speaker,  to  give  up  not  only  a 
part,  but,  if  necessary,  even  the  whole  of  the  oonstita- 
tion,  to  preserve  the  remainder.''  Speaking  of  an 
invasion  from  France,  he  styles  the  ManeillaUe  the 
Marshal'law-men^  and  adds,  they  will  cut  us  to  minoe>- 
meat,  and  throw  our  bleeding  heads  on  that  tabla,  to 
stare  us  in  the  face.''  But  with  all  his  blimders,  he 
possessed  a  large  share  of  shrewdness,  and  his  abnir- 
dities  have  often  quelled  the  storm  of  political  debate 
which  the  eloquence  of  Grattan  had  lashed  into  fary, 
he  therefore  felt  that  the  state  was  his  debtor. 

We  did  not  expect  to  find  Sir  Boyle  Boohe|  any 
more  than  his  bird — although  the  animal  is  ubiquitouB 

*  Cannot  tay.    Sir  Boyle  Boche  was  the  metseDger  employed  by  Lord 
mare,  in  1783,  to  say  that  the  Catholics  were  satisfied  with  whtt  hM  ~ 
for  them,  which  turned  oat  to  be  false. 


SLR  BOYLE  BOCHE.  267 

— among  the  leaves  of  the  Comwallis  Correspondencei 
but  here  we  find  him  trying  to  pick  up  something  for 
himself.  He  voted  for  the  Union,  and  is  now  looking 
for  his  compensation : — 

^'  Sib  Boyle  Bocme  to  Lieut.-Colonel  Ltetlehales. 

*'  London^  Thayer  Sl.y  near  Manchester  Square^ 
"  May  y^  12M,  1801. 

"  DsAB  Sib, 

"I  was  surprised  exceedingly  to  be  informed, 
that  Mr.  Gerald  Aylmer  was  put  into  the  patent  with 
me  as  Inspector  of  the  river  Kenmare,  which  has  been 
a  great  disappointment  to  me,  as  Mr.  W.  A.  Crosbie 
and  I  had  come  to  an  agreement  about  the  exchange 
of  our  places,  and  he  was  certain  that  he  had  interest 
enough  with  Lord  Hardwicke  to  effect  it,  which  would 
have  been  very  convenient  for  both,  as  he,  who  desires 
to  live  in  England,  would  have  been  accommodated 
with  a  sinecure  place,  and  I,  who  intend  to  be  a  resi- 
dent in  Dublin,  should  be  very  happy  in  his  situation 
of  a  Commissioner  of  Stamps. 

"  I  have  now  been  an  officer  in  the  revenue  for 
upwards  of  twenty-five  years,  and  am  entitled,  by  the 
revenue  laws,  to  retire  upon  my  emoluments.  My 
salary  was  three  hundreds  a-year,  which  I  received 
quarterly. 

"  I  had  a  deputy  give  me  at  sixty  pounds  a-year, 
which  entirely  excused  me  from  any  attendance.  My 
deputy  was  obliged  to  share  all  captures  with  me,  the 
value  of  which  were  at  times  considerable,  all  which  I 
am  willing  to  compromise  for  four  hundred  a-year 
upon  the  incidents  of  the  revenue ;  and  in  doing  this, 
I  shall  be  rather  a  loser  than  a  gainer. 


268  HISTORY  OF   CORK.  ' 

i 

^^If  the  Lord  Lieutenant  can  do  this  before  V 
departure,  he  would  add  to  the  obligations  he  \\ 
already  conferred  upon  me. 

^^  I  request  you,  with  your  usual  goodness  to  me,  ip 
lay  this  letter  before  his  excellency. 

"  I  am,  dear  sir, 

"  Ever  aflfectionately  yours, 

"  B.  EOCHB.'^ 


j-j- 


Littlehales,  in  a  pencil  note  to  Marsden,  r< 
^^  I  have  informed  Sir  Boyle  I  could  not  interfere  in 
this  matter."  A  pension  of  three  hundred  pounds  a- 
year  was  conferred  jointly  on  him  and  his  lady — 
besides  his  separate  pension  of  two  hundred  pounds 
a-year,  about  eight  days  after  he  wrote  the  above  letter. 
Sir  Boyle  Eoche  made  no  blunder  here. 

Lest  we  shoidd  conclude  from  the  revelations  of  the 
Comwallis'  Correspondence,  that  our  grandfathers  were 
much  more  corrupt  than  our  fathers,  or  ourselveSi  we 
would  point  the  reader  to  the  correspondence  of  the 
incorruptible  Arthur,  Duke  of  Wellington,  who,  when 
Irish  secretary,  did  "  dirty  his  fingers  with  so  vile  a 
job,"  as  buying  a  borough,  although  he  had  over  and 
over  again  refused  (as  he  says  at  a  later  period)  to 
become  the  proprietor  of  a  borough.  This  correspon- 
dence displays  no  scruples  about  bribery  and  corruption. 
He  found  it  the  established  machinery  of  his  office,  and 
he  worked  the  machinery  with  his  usual  energy.  He 
had  eaten  the  king's  salt,  and  what  the  government  of 
the  king  expected  of  him,  that  it  was  his  duty  to  do. 
He  bought  boroughs,  he  sold  peerages,  he  jobbed  his 
patronage,  with  a  vigor  and  discrimination  truly  won- 


1 

\ 


COUNTY   CORK   MEMBERS.  269 

He  writes  to  his  brother  Henry  to  ask  the 
price  of  a  borough ;  he  announces  "Pennefather 
promised  me  the  refusal  of  Cashel,  but  he  has  not 
^^  stated  his  price."  He  obtains  Cashel,  and  we  find 
tiiat  Pennefather  is  authorised  to  draw  £5000  upon 
Drummonds.  He  writes  to  London  to  know  who  is  to 
le  nominated  for  that  borough,  and  is  told  that  it  is  to 
be  kept  for  a  Mr.  Peel.  He  orders  the  borough  to  be 
kept  for  this  gentleman,  whose  name,  in  full,  he  will 
•end  by  a  subsequent  post ;  and  in  the  subsequent  post 
he  announces  that  the  name  of  the  gentleman  is  Bobert 
Peel,  Esq.,  of  Drayton  Basset,  in  the  county  of  Stafford. 
The  correspondence  is  foil  of  such  bargains.  In  one 
it  is  proposed  to  barter  a  borough  for  a  bishopric. 


MEMBERS   SENT  TO   THE   IRISH   PARLIAMENT  BY  THE 
CONSTITUENCIES   OP   THE   COUNTY   OF   CORE. 

COUNTY  OP  CORK. 

1585,  April.  Sir  John  Norreys,  knt.  William  Cogan, 
Esq.     John  Fitzgerald,  Esq.,  of  Cloyne. 

1613,  April  19th.  Dermod  McCarthy,  Esq.,  of  Lohort. 
Andrew  Barrett,  Esq.,  of  Ballincollig. 

1634,  June  23rd.  Sir  William  St.  Leger,  knt.,  of 
Doneraile.    Sir  Donagh  McCarthy,  knt. 

1639,  March  2nd.  Sir  William  St.  Leger,  knt.,  of 
Doneraile.  Sir  Donagh  McCarthy,  knt  Eed- 
mond  Roche,  of  Cahirduggan,  expelled  the 
22nd  of  June,  1642,  for  the  rebellion. 

1661,  April  25th.  Hon.  Eichard  Boyle.  Sir  Henry 
Tjmte,  knt,  of  Roxhall. 

1661,  June  2nd.  Sir  John  Perceval,  hart,  of  Burton, 
vice  Tynte,  deceased. 


270  HISTORY  OF   COBK. 

1665,  Dec.  7th.   Eoger  Lord  Broghill,   vice   Boyle, 

deceased.    John  St.  Leger,  Esq.,  of  Doneiailei 

vice  Perceval,  deceased. 
1692,  Sept  19th.    Hod.  Henry  Boyle.    Sir  St  John 

Brodrick,  knt,  of  Midleton. 
1695,  Ang.  6th.  Sir  St  John  Brodrick,  knt,  of  Midlc 

ton.     Thomas  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Wandsworth, 

Snrrey. 
1703,  Ang.  28th.  Sir  John  Perceval,  bart.,  of  Bnrton. 

Thomas  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Midleton. 
1713,  Oct.  81st.  Sir  John  Perceval,  bart.,  of  Burton. 

Alan  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Midleton. 
1715,  Oct.  20th.  Hon.   St   John   Brodrick,  knt,  of 

Midleton.    Henry  Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Castlemartyr. 

1727,  Oct  26th.     Hon.  St  John  Brodrick.    Henry 
Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Castlemartyr. 

1728,  March  30th.  Sir  Matthew  Deane,  bart,  of  Dro- 
more,  vice  Brodrick,  deceased. 

1747,  Oct  28th.    Arthur  Hyde,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Hyde, 

vice  Deane,  deceased. 
1766,  May  17th.     Charles  Viscount  Dungarvan,  vice 

Boyle,  created  Earl  of  Shannon. 
1759,  Nov.  6th.  Richard  Townsend,  Esq.,  of  Castle- 

townsend,  vice  Lord  Dungarvan,  deceased. 
1761,  April  25th.    Eichard,  Viscount  Boyle,  Castle- 
martyr.   Bichard  Townsend,  Esq.,  of  Castle- 

townsend. 
1765,  Nov.  11th.  Hon.  John  Lysaght,  Mount  North, 

vice  Boyle,  Earl  of  Shannon. 
1768,  July  21st  Eichard  Townsend,  Esq.,  of  Castle- 

townsend.      John  Hyde,  Esq.,  of  Castlebyde. 
1776.  Sir  E.  T.  Meade. 


CITT  OF  CORK  MEMBERS.  271 

1782,  James  Bernard,  Esq. 

1783.  Lord  Kingsborough. 
1791.  Abraham  Morris,  Esq. 

1797.  Viscount  Boyle. 

1798.  E.  U.  Fitzgerald,  Esq. 

CITY  OP  CORK. 

1559,  Jan.  J.  Miagh  (Meade)  Esq.    Stephen  Coppinger, 

Esq. 
1585,  April.  John  Miagh,  Esq.     Thos.  Sarsfield,  Esq. 
1613,  April  30th.  Edmund  Terry,  alderman  of  Cork. 

David  Terry,  alderman  of  Cork. 
1634,  July.  Dominick  Coppinger,  gent.,  of  Cork.     Sir 

Wm.  Sarsfield,  knt.,  of  Sarsfield  Court. 
1639,  March.  Sir  Andrew  Barrett,  knt.,  of  Castlemore, 

Inniscarra.      Dominick    Boohe,    alderman    of 

Cork. 
1661,  April  30th.    Peter  Courthorpe,  Esq.,  knt,  of 

Courtstown.      Kichard  Kyrle,  Esq.,  (knt.)  of 

Dromaneear. 
1692,  Sept.  12th.  Alan  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Midleton. 

Robert  Rogers,  of  Ashgrove,  alderman  of  Cork* 
1695,  Augt.  2nd.  Alan  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Midleton. 

Eobt.  Rogers,  alderman  of  Cork. 
1703,  Sept.  1st.  Hon.  Thomas  Erie.    Alan  Brodrick 

of  Midleton. 
1710,  May  25th.  Edward  Hoare,  Esq.,  of  Duncathal, 

vice  Brodrick,  appointed  Chief  Justice,  Q.B. 
1713,  Oct.  26th-  St.  John  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  the  Middle 

Temple.     Edw.  Hoare,  Esq.,  of  Duncathal. 
1715,  Oct.  17th.  Edw.  Hoare,  Esq.,  of  Duncathal. 

Edmond  Knapp,  Esq.,  alderman  of  Cork. 


272  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

1727,  Sept.  25th.  Hugh  Dixon,  Esq.,  of  Ballybriokeit 

Edw.  Webber,  Esq.,  of  Cork, 
1731,  Oct.  25th.   Jonas  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Cork,  vice 

Webber,  deceased. 
1735,  Oct.  20th.  Emanuel  Piggott,  Esq.,  of  Chetwyn, 

vice  Morris,  deceased. 
1739,  Oct.  29th.  Sir  Matthew  Deane,  bart.,   of  Dro- 

more,  vice  Dixon,  deceased. 
1751,  Oct.  28th.  Thos.  Newenham,  Esq.,  of  Coolmore, 

vice  Deane,  deceased. 
1761,  April  28th.    John  Hely  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  of 

Knocklofty,  Tipperary.     Sir  John  Freke,  bart., 

of  Castle  Freke. 
1764,  April  28th.  William  Brabazon  Ponsonby,  Esq., 

vice  Freke,  deceased. 
1768,  July  8th.  John  Hely  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  of  Pal- 

merston,  Dublin.  Wm.  Brabazon  Ponsonby,  Esq. 
1776,  Eichard  Longfield,  Esq. 
1784,  Augustus  Warren,  Esq. 

1790,  Hon.  J.  H.  Hutchinson. 

1791,  Et,  Hon.  E.  Longfield. 

1796,  W.  Hare,  Esq. 

1797,  Mountiford  Longfield,  Esq. 

YOTJQHAL. 

1559,  Jan.  John  Walch,  Esq.     John   Portyngall,   of 

Toughal. 
1585,  April.  Thomas  Coppinger,  Esq.     James  CoUen, 

Esq.     Francis  Annias,*  Esq. 
1613,  April  26th.  Edmund  Coppinger,  alderman  rf 

Youghal.    John  Forrest,  alderman  of  YonghaL 

«  FraneU  Annuu.    Could  this  bo  any  rclatiyo  of  the  fiuuNyi  J(dm  Anaiii^  tht 
poisoner,  vho  was  hanged  9th  Nov.  1602  ?    Vol.  i.  p.  W5, 


MEMBERS  FOB  YOUGHAL.  273 

1634,    June    24th.    Edward    Qough,    alderman    of 

Youghal.     Theobald    Eonayne,    alderman    of 

Toughal. 
1639,  Feb.  26th.  Edward  Gough,  alderman.    Theo- 
bald Bonayne,  alderman. 
1661,  April  Ist.  Sir  Boyle  Maynard,  bart,  of  Curri- 

glass.     Owen  Silver,  gent. 
1692,  Sept  19th.  Hon.  Henry  Boyle,  of  Castlemartyr* 

Bobert  Fitzgerald,  Esq.,  of  Cork-Beg. 
1695,  Aug.  10th.   Hon.  Henry  Boyle.    Bobert  Fitz- 
gerald. 
1703,  Sept.  2nd.   Henry  Luther,  Esq.,  of  Ballyboy, 

King's  County.     John  Hayman,  merchant  of 

Toughal. 
1713,  Nov.  4th.    Boyle  Smyth,  Esq.,  of  Ballynatray, 

"Waterford.     Henry  Luther,  Esq. 
1715,  Nov.  12th.  Lieut.-Qen.  Francis  Palmes,  Dublin. 

Arthur  Hyde,  Esq.,  of  Castlehyde. 
1719,  July  20th.  Henry  Bugg,  Esq.,  of  Ballydaniel, 

vice  Palmes,  deceased. 
1721,  Oct.  9th.  Arthur  Hyde,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Hyde, 

vice  Hyde,  deceased. 
1727,  Oct.  10th.    James  Tynte,  Esq.,  of  Old  Sawn, 

Dublin,   and  of  Dunlavan,   Wicklow.       Hon. 

James  O'Brien,  of  Dublin. 
1758,  April  25th.    Arthur  Hyde,  jun.,  Esq.,  of  Castle 

Hyde,  vice  Tynte,  deceased. 
1761,  April  16th.  Sir  John  Conway  Colthurst,  bart.,  of 

Ardrum.     Bellingham  Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Glinfield. 
1768,  June  30th.    James   Dennis,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 

Hon.  Joseph  Lysaghf,  of  Cork. 
3776,  James  TJniaoke,  Esq. 

VOL    II.  18 


I 

i 


274  HISTORY   OF    CORK. 

1777,  Eobert  Uniacke,  Esq. 
1787>  John  Keane,  Esq. 

lONSALE. 

1559,  Jan. —Sir  John  Allen,  knt.,  of  Alincourt,  Kildare. 

Francis  Agard,  Esq.,  of  Grange  Gorman,  Dub- 
lin, and  of  Fawston,  Staffordshire. 
1585,  April.  James  Galwey,  Esq.,  of  Kinsale.     Philip 

Eoche,  Esq.,  of  Eansale. 
1613,  April  21st.  James  Eoche  Fitz-Fhilip,  of  Kinsale, 

Dominick  Eoche,  Fitz-Eichard  gent,  of  Einsale. 
1634,  June   13.    Wm.   Gallwey,   Esq.,   of   Kinsale. 

James  Eoche,  Esq.,  of  Kinsale. 
1639,  Feb.   Patrick  Eoche  Fitz-Eichard,  of  Kinsale- 

Philip  Eoche  Fitz-Eichard,  Esq.,  of  Kinsale. 
1661,  April  11th.  St.  John  Broderick,  Esq.,  of  Bally- 

annanane.      Eandolph  Clayton,  Esq.,  of  Short 

Castle,  Mallow. 
1692,  Jonas  Stawell,  of  Kilkeams.     Edward  South* 

well,   Esq.,   of  Kinsale  and  of   Kingsweston, 

Gloucester. 
1695,  Aug.  15.    Edward  Southwell,  Esq.,  of  Kings* 

weston,  Gloucester.      James  Waller,  Esq. 
1703,  Sept.  2nd.   Hon.  Henry  Hawley,  of  Kinsale. 

William  Southwell,  Esq. 
1713,  Oct.  26th.  Edward  Southwell,  Esq.,  of  Kings- 

weston,  Gloucester.     Hon.  Henry  Hawley,  of 

Kinsale, 
1725,  Sept.  30th.   Antony  Stawell,  Esq.,  of  Kinsale^ 

vice  Hawley,  deceased. 
1725,  Sept.  30th.  Sir  Eichard  Meade,  hart,  of  Ballin- 

toher,  Tice  Stawell,  miselected. 


MEMBERS   FOR   KINSALE   AJH)   BANDON.  275 

1727,  Oct.  4tL  Edw-  Southwell,  Esq.,  of  Eongsweston, 

Gloucester.      Sir  Bichard  Meade,  bart. 
1731,  Oct.  22nd.    Brigadier-General  Gervais  Parker, 

of  Dublin,  vice  Southwell,  deceased. 
1731,  Oct.  22nd.  Eichard  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  of  Crotto, 

Kerry,  vice  Parker,  miselected. 
1745,  Oct.  22nd.  Jonas  Stawell,  Esq.,  of  Kinsale,  vice 

Meade,  deceased 
1761,  April  20th.  J,  PoUiott,  Esq.,  of  Kinsale     Edw. 

Southwell,  Esq.  of  Kingsweston,  Gloucester. 
1765,  Nov.  I6th.  Agmondisham  Vesey,  Esq.,  of  Lucan, 

Dublin,  vice  FoUiott,  deceased. 
1768,  July  5th.    A.  Vesey,  Esq.,  of  Lucan,  Dublin. 

James  Kearney,  Esq.,  of  Garrettstown. 
1783,  Cromwell  Price,  Esq. 
1790,  William  Crowley,  Esq. 
1797,  Samuel  C.  Eowley,  Esq. 

BANDON,  Inooepohatbd  Mabch  30th,  1613. 

1613,  April  17th.  Sir  Richard  Morrison,  knt.     Wm. 

Crowe,  Esq,  of  Crowesnest,  near  Dublin. 
1634,  June  l7th.  Sir  George  Wentworth,  knt.     Wm, 

Wiseman,  Fsq.,  of  Bandon  and  Kelbegg. 
1639,  Feb.  24th.  Sir  Francis  Slingsby,  knt-,  Kilmore. 

Anthony  Doppinge,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 
1661,  April  4th.  Eobert  Georges,  L.L.D.,  of  Kilbrew, 

Meath.     John  Eead,  Esq.,  of  Coolerelong. 
169?,  Sept.  19th.  Sir  William  Moore,  bart.,  of  Eoss- 

carbery.     Edward  Eiggs,  Esq.,  of  Eiggsdale. 
1695,  Aug.  1st.  Edwd.  Eiggs,  Esq.     Francis  Bernard, 

Esq.,  of  Castle  Mahon. 


276  HISTORY  OP  OOBK. 

1703,  Sept.  2nd.  Francis  Bernard,  Esq.,   of  Castle 

Mahon.    Bichard  Georges,  Esq.,  of  Eilbrew, 

Meath. 
1713,  October  29th.  Francis  Bernard,  Esq.,  of  Castle 

Mahon.      Martin    Bladen,    Esq.,     of   Albury 

Hatch,  Essex. 
1727,  October  23rd.    George  Freke,   Esq.     Stephen 

Bernard,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Mahon. 
1731,  Oct.  21st.  Bellingham  Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Glinfield, 

Bathfamham,  Dublin,  vice  Freke,  deceased. 
1761,  April  23rd.   William  Conner,   Esq.     Thomas 

Adderley,  Esq.,  of  Innishannon. 
1766,  Feb.  14th.    Francis  Bernard,   Esq.,  of  Castle 

Bernard,  vice  Conner,  deceased. 
1768,  July  2nd.    Francis  Bernard,   Esq.,  of  Castle 

Bernard,  vice  Conner,  deceased.    Thomas  Ad- 
derley, Esq.,  of  Innishannon. 
1775,  W.  B.  Ponsonby.  Esq.     Lodge  Morris,  Esq. 
1790,  B.  Chinnery,  Esq. 
1797,  Hon.  W.  O'Callaghan. 

HALLOW,  Ikoobporatbd  Fbbbuaht  27THy  1612. 

1613,  May  1st.  Sam.  Molyneux,  Esq.,  of  Louthstown, 

Kildare.     Sir  James  Ware,  knt.,  of  Macestown. 
1634,  June.  William  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  of  Ballyowen. 

Thomas  Bettesworth,  Esq. 
163  i,  Jan.  Sir  Thomas  Wenman,  knt.,  of  Ballintogher, 

Sligo.    Donogh  O'Brien,  Esq.,  of  Dough  Clare. 
1639,  March  2nd.  William  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  of  Bally- 

owen.    Thomas  Beckett,  Esq. 
1641,  May.  Joshua  Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Lyons,  vice 

Kingsmill,  past  hope  of  recovery. 

\ 
\ 


V 


HEMBEB8  FOB  MALLOW  AND  CHARLEYILLE.       277 

1661,  April  25th.  Heyward  St.  Leger,  Esq.,  of  Castle- 
more.    Thomas  Pooley,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 

1692,  Sept.  John  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow. 

1695,  Aug.  William  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow.  Lau- 
rence Clayton,  Esq.  of  Mallow. 

1703,  Aug.  31.  Laurence  Clayton,  Esq.,  of  Mallow. 
Bartholomew  Purdon,  Esq.,  of  Ballyclough. 

1713,  Nov.  6th.  William  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow. 
Anthony  Jephson,  Esq.,  Mallow. 

1715,  Oct.  13th.  William  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow. 
Anthony  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow. 

1716,  June  7th.  William  Brodrick,  Esq.,  vice  Wm. 
Jephson,  deceased. 

1727,  Nov.  13th.  Anthony  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow. 
1753,  Oct.  9th.  Courthorpe  Clayton,  Esq.,  of  Anabell. 
1756,  Jan.  13th.  Denham  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow, 

vice  Jephson,  deceased 
1761,  April  1 6th.  Denham  Jephson,  Esq.,  of  Mallow. 

William  Jephson,  Esq ,  of  Mallow. 
1768,  July  6th.   Denham  Jephson,  Esq,  of  Mallow. 

Denham  Jephson,  Esq.,  Mallow. 
1783,  Sir  James  Laurence  Cotter,  bart. 
1790,  J.  Longfield,  Esq. 

CHABLEVILLE,  Inoobforated  Mat  29tb,  1671. 

1692,  Sept.  19th.  George  Crofts,  Esq.,  of  Churchtown^ 
expelled  the  11th  of  October,  for  his  services  to 
King  James.     Henry  Bowerman,  jun.,  Esq. 

1695,  Aug.  13th.  Hon.  Charles  Boyle.  Jas.  Ormsbyy 
Esq.,  of  Athlaccagh,  Limerick. 

1703,  Sept.  1.  George  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Ballyvenoghe. 
Robert  Fitzgerald,  Castle  Dod. 


278  HISTOEY   OF   CORK. 

1713,  Nov.  2nd.  Sir  Matthew  Deane,  bart.,  of  Dro- 

more.    Bretridge  Badham,  Esq.,  of  Ballyheen. 
I7l5,  Oct  27tli.  Colonel  George  Evans,  of  Carassby, 

Limerick.     Captain  Wm.  Boyle,  Castlemartyr. 
1721,  Oct.  Sth.  Henry  Purdon,  Esq.,  vice  Evans. 
1725,  Oct.  30th.  Hon.  James  O'Brien,  of  Dublin,  vice 

Boyle,  deceased, 
1727,  Oct.  14th.  Pryce  Hartstongue,  Esq.,  of  Brufi^ 

Limerick.    John  Lysaght,  Esq.,  Mount  North. 
1743,  March  12th.  Edward  Barry,  Esq,,  M.D.,  Dublin, 

vice  Hartstongue,  deceased. 
1759,  Nov.  14th.  Hamilton,  Viscount  Dungarvan,  vice 

Lysaght,  created  Lord  Lisle. 
1761,  April  24th.   Eobert   Barry,   Esq.,   of  Dalkey, 

Dublin.    Eichard  Longfield,  Esq.,  Castle  Maiy. 
1768,  July  12.  Hon  James  Lysaght,  of  Mount  North. 

Eobert  Barry,  Esq.,  of  Dalkey,  Dublin. 
1776.  Eichard  Cox,  Esq.     Thomas  Warren,  Esq. 
1783,  Eogerson  Cotter,  Esq. 
1790,  Sir  J.  Blaquire. 
1797,  Hon.  C.  H.  Boyle. 

MIDLETONy  Incobpobatbd  Jakua^t  2tn>,  1670. 

1692,  Sept.  22.  Thomas  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Midleton. 

George  Eogers,  Esq.,  of  Ballyknavin,  Tipperary. 
1692,  Oct.  22.  Henry  Petty,  Esq.,  of  High  Wycombe, 

Bucks,  vice  Eogers,  returned  for  Lismore. 
1695,  Aug.  7.  Sir  Francis  Brewster,  Knt,  of  Dublin. 

St.  John  Brodrick,  Esq.,  Wandes worth,  Surrey. 

Sept.  20.  Charles  Oliver,  Esq.,  of  donodfoy. 

Limerick,  vice  Brodrick,  excused  by  reason  of 

sickness. 


MEMBERS  FOR  HIDLETON.  279 

703,  Sept.  9.   St  John  Brodrick,  Esq,,  of  Wandes- 
worth,  Surrey.    Bobert  Foulke,  Esq.,  of  Cur- 
ragbnenensy. 
1707,  July  7.  Henry  Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Castlemartyr, 
vice  Brodrick,  deceased. 

1713,  Nov.  2.  Artbur  Hyde,  Esq.  Jepbson  Busteed, 
Esq. 

1715,  Oct.  28.  Thomas  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Wandes- 
worth,  Surrey.  Edward  Corker,  Esq.,  of  Muck- 
town,  Dublin . 

1727,  Nov.  2.  Eicbard  Bettesworth,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 
Eaton  Stannard,  Esq.,  of  Tubber,  Dublin. 

1741,  Oct.  19.  William  Annesley,  Esq.,  of  Dublin, 
and  of  Castlewellan,  Down,  vice  Bettesworth, 
deceased. 

1755,  Oct.  30.  Hon.  James  Hamilton,  (Yisct.  Lime- 
rick,) Dundalk,  Louth,  vice  Stannard,  de- 
ceased. 

1758,  April  21.  James  St.  John  Jeflfreyes,  Esq.,  of 
Blarney,  vice  Hamilton,  become  Earl  of  Clan- 
brassill. 

1759,  Oct.  26.  Francis  Andrews,  LL.D.,  of  Dublin, 
vice  Annesley,  created  Lord  Annesley. 

1761,  April  14.  Thomas  Brodrick,  Esq.     James  St. 

John  Jeffreyes,  Esq.,  of  Blarney. 
1768,  July  2.  Jas.  St.  John  Jeflfreyes,  Esq.,  of  Blarney. 

Edward  Brodrick,  Esq. 
1776,  Henry  Brodrick,  Esq. 
1783,  Thomas  Pigott,  Esq.     Arthur  Dawson,  Esq. 
1794,  B.  B.  Woodward,  Esq. 
1797,  E.  Harding,  Esq. 
1799,  Major-General  J.  F.  Craddock. 


280  HI8T0BY   OF   CORK. 

BALTIMORE,  Inoobpob^tsd  Mabch  25th,  1618. 

1613,  April  20.  Sir  Thomas  Crooke,  knt,  of  Baltimore. 

Henry  Pierce,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 
1634,  June  1.  Lott  Feere,  Esq.  Edward  Skipwith,  Esq* 

Dec.  James  Tracers,  Esq.,  vice  Feere,  absent 

in  England  on  special  occasions. 
1639,  Feb.  24.   Bryan  Jones,  Esq.    Henry  Ejiyreton, 

Esq. 
1661,  April  10.   Sir  Nicholas  Furdon,  knt^  of  Bally- 

clough.     Bichard  Townsend,  Esq.,  of  Castle 

Townsend. 
1692,  Sept.  19.   Col.  Thomas  Beecher,  sen.,  of  Sherky 

and  Castle  Mahon.    Edward  Bichardson,  gent., 

of  Moorstown,  Castlemore. 
1695,  July  13.   Colonel   T.  Beecher,   sen.     Edward 

Bichardson,  gent. 
1703,  Aug.  19.  Fercy  Freke,  Esq.,  of  Bathbarry. 

Thomas  Beecher,  Esq.,  Sherky. 
1707,  July  5.  Edward  Biggs,  Esq.,  of  Biggsdale^  Ties 

Freke,  deceased. 
1709,  May  10.   Francis  Langston,  Esq.,  vice  Beecher, 

deceased. 
1713,  Oct.  26.   Hon.  Bichard  Barry.    Miohael  Bee- 
cher, Esq. 
1715,  Nov.   1.    Hon.  William  Southwell.     Michad 

Beecher,  Esq. 
1721,  Sept.  26.    Sir  Feroy  Freke,  bart.,  of  Castle 

Freke,  vice  Southwell,  deceased. 

1727,  Oct.  5.  Sir  Fercy  Freke,  bart.,  of  Castle  Freke. 
Bichard  Tonson,  Esq.,  DuncathaL 

1728,  April  27.  Sir  John  Freke,  bart.,  ofCuMeVnke, 
vice  Fercy  Freke,  deceased. 


MEMBEBS  FOB  BALTIMOBE  AND   CLONAKILTY.        281 

1761,  April  27.  Sir  John  Freke,  bart.     R.  Tonson. 
1761,  Nov.  30.   William  Clements,  Esq.,  of  Dublin, 

vice  Freke,  returned  for  the  city  of  Cork. 
X768,  July  2.    Sir  John  Freke,  bart.,  of  Castle  Freke. 

Bichard  Tonson,  Esq.,  Baltimore. 
1775,  J.  Deane. 

1778,  William  Evans. 

1781,  James  Chatterton. 

1783,  Lord  Sudley.    Bichard  Longfield. 

1790,  Bichard  Grace. 

1797,  George  Evans. 

CLONAXILTY,  Inoobpobatbd  Mat  5th,  1618. 

1613,  May  3.  Sir  Edward  Harris,  knt.,  of  Cahirmoney. 

Sir  Henry  Gosnell,  knt. 
1634,  June   19.      Sir  Bobert  Travers,  knt.     Philip 

M8iinwaring,  Esq. 
1639,  Feb.  24.    Sir  Bobert  Travers,  knt.      Peregrin 

Banastre,  Esq. 
1661,  April  8.   Joshua  Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Lyons. 

Arthur  Freke,  Esq. 
1692,  Sept.    Sir  Percy  Freke,  bart.,  of  Castle  Freke. 

Francis  Bernard,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Mahon. 
1695,  Aug.    12.     Sir  Percy  Freke,    bart.      Bryan 

Townsend,  Esq  ,  of  Castle  Townsend. 
1703,  Sept.  1.  Sir  Balph  Freke,  bart.,  of  Castle  Freke. 

Lieut. -Col.  George  Freke. 
1713,  Oct.  28.    Sir  Balph  Freke,  bart.       Brigadier- 

Gen.  George  Freke. 
17J5,  Oct.  17.    Sir  Balph  Freke,  bart.      Brigadier- 
Gen.  George  Freke. 


282  msiOBY  OF  ooek. 

17179  Sept.  Bichard  Cox,  Esq.,  of  Danmamnay,  yioe 

Sir  B.  Yrekej  deceased. 
1725|  Sept.  16.  Francis  Bernard,  Jan.,  Esq.,  vice  Cox, 

deceased. 
1727,  Oct.  16.   Francis  Bernard,  jun,  Esq,  of  Castle 

Mahon.    Sir  Bichd.  Cox,  bart.,  of  Dunmanway. 
1761,  May  1.  Bichard,  Lord  Boyle,  of  Castlemartyr. 

Sir  Bichard  Cox,  Bart.,  of  Dunmanway. 
1761,  Nov.  27.  Henry  Sheares,  Esq.,  of  Golden  Btush, 

vice  Lord  Boyle,  returned  for  the  comity  Cork. 
1766,  Feb.  15.   Mathew  Parker,  Esq.,  of  Yonghal, 

vice  Cox,  deceased, 
1768,  July  7.  Bichard  Longfield,  Esq.,  of  Ckstle  Mary. 

Biggs  Falkiner,  Esq.,  of  Cork. 
1776,  Thomas  Adderley.  A.  Wood, 
1784,  Charles  O'Neill, 

1792,  Sir  J.  C.  Colthurst, 

1793,  Viscount  Boyle, 

1794,  J.  Hobson,  jun. 
1797,  Thomas  Prendergast. 

CASTLEMAHTTB,  Inoobpo&^thd  July  28ih,  1674. 

1692,  Sept.  19.  Sir  Bichard  Hull,  knt.  of  Leamcon* 

Bobt.  Pooley,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 
1695,  Aug.  17.  Bobert  Pooley,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 

Samuel  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Ballybeggon,  Kerry. 
1703,  Sept.  7.  Thomas  Keightley,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 

Joseph  Deane,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 
1703,  Oct.  18.  Bobert  Fitzgerald,  Esq.,>f  Cork-B6ft 

yice  Eeightley,  returned  for  the  county  of  d- 

dare. 


HEMBSBS  FOB  CASTLEMABTYB  AND  DONERAILE.      283 

1703,  Nov.  28.  Sir  Thomas  Dilkes,  knt.,  vice  Deane, 

returned  for  the  connty  of  Duhlin. 
1709,  May  10.  St.  John  Brodrick,  Esq.,  of  Cork,  vice 

Dilkes,  deceased. 
1713,   Nov.   14.    William  Southwell,   Esq,    Eobert 

Oliver,  Esq.,  of  Clonodfoy,  Limerick. 
1715,  Oct.  29.  Bartholomew  Purdon,  Esq.,  of  Bally- 

clogh.    Charles  Coote,  Esq.,  of  Mount  Coote. 

1727,  Oct.  20.  Bartholomew  Purdon,  Esq.,  of  Bally- 
clogh.    John  Fitzgerald,  Esq.,  of  Ballynacorr. 

1728,  April  18.    Michael  O'Bryen  Dilkes,  Esq.,  of 
Dublin,  vice  Fitzgerald,  deceased. 

1737,  Oct.  25.  Thomas  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Miltown,  vice 

Purdon,  deceased. 
1753,  Oct.  23.   John  Lysaght,  jun.,  Esq.,  of  Mount 

North,  vice  Evans,  deceased. 
1761,  April  22.  Anthony  Malone,  Esq.    John  Magill, 

Esq.,  of  Dublin. 
1768,  July  18.  Sir  John  Conway  Colthurst,  bart.,  of 

Ardrum.    Attiwell,  Wood,  Esq. 
1773,  Sir  J.  Colthurst,  bart. 

1775,  J.  Bennet,  Esq. 

1776,  Eiggs  Falkiner,  Esq. 
1783,  B.  Chinnery,  Esq. 

1790,  Sir  James  Lau.  Cotter,  bart.    C.  O'Neill,  Esq. 
1792,  J.  Hobson,  jun.,  Esq. 

1796,  T.  Prendergast,  Esq. 

1797,  J.  Townsend,  Esq. 

DONERAILE,  iNCOiPoaATiD  Mat  Ibt,  1679. 

1692,  Sept.  19.  John  St,  Leger,  Esq.,  of  Doneraile. 
Arthur  St.  Leger,  Esq.,  of  Doneraile. 


29i  mSTOBY  OF  CORK. 

1695,  Aug.  13,  John  Hayes,  Esq.     Edward  Denny, 

Esq.,  of  Tralee,  Kerry. 
1703,  Sept.  14.  Sir  Francis  Brewster,  kni,  of  Dublin.*. 

William  Phillips,  gent. 
1703;  March  20.  Joseph  Kelly,  Esq.,  of  Kellymonnt^^ 

Kilkenny,  vice  Brewster,  deceased. 
1713,  Oct.  28.   Sir  John  St.  Leger,  knt.,  of  Dublii= 

and  Grangemellan,  Kildare.   Bartholomew  Pur — 

don,  Esq.,  of  Bally clogh. 
1715,  Oct.  19.  Hon.  Arthur  St.  Leger,  Doneraila 

William  Cansabon,  Esq.,  of  Carrig. 
1727,  Oct.  11.    John  Waller,  Esq.,  of  Castletown, 

Limerick.    Jephson  Busteed,  Esq. 
1727,  Oct.  11.  Hon.  Hayes  St.  Leger,  of  Doneraile^ 

yice  Busteed,  miselected. 
1743,  Oct.  20.  William  Harward,  Esq.,  of  Doneraile» 

vice  Waller,  deceased. 
1751,  Oct.  25.  Sir  John  Conway  Colthurst^  bart,  of  . 

Ardrum,  vice  St.  Leger,  become  Yisconnt  Done- 

raile. 
1761,  April  21.  John  St,  Leger,  Esq.,  of  GrangemeUan, 

Kildare.    Sentleger  Aldworth,  Esq.,  of  New- 
market. 
1768,  July  8.  Sentleger  Sentleger,  Esq.,  of  Doneiaile. 

Richard  Aldworth,  jun.,  of  Newmarket. 
1776,  Hayes  St.  Leger,  Esq. 
1783,  James  Chatterton,  Esq. 
1788,  J.  Harrison,  Esq. 
1790,  J,  Bagwell,  Esq. 
1792,  J.  Maxwell,  Esq. 

1797,  P.  Holmes,  Esq.    John  Townsend,  Esq. 

1798,  Hon.  B.  St  Leger. 


HEMBERS  FOR  RATHCORMAC.         285 


RATHCORMAC,  Inoorpobatbd  Mabch  IItb,  1681. 

1692,  Sept.  19,  James  Barry,  Esq.,  of  Eathcormae. 

Bobert  Foulke,  Esq.,  of  Curraghnehensy. 
1695,  July  29.  James  Barry,  Esq.,  of  Eathcormae. 

Eobert  Foulke,  Esq.,  of  Curraghnehensy. 
1703,  Aug.  20.  James  Barry,  Esq.,  of  Eathcormae. 

Sir  Daniel  Gahan,  knt. 
1703,  Nov.  2.  John  Silver,  Esq.,  vice  Barry,  returned 

for  Dungarvan. 
3  713,  Nov.  7.  James  Barry,  Esq.,  of  Eathcormae, 

Edward  Corker,  Esq.,  of  Mucktown,  Dublin. 
1715,  Oct.  19.  James  Barry,  Esq.,  of  Eathcormae. 

Jephson  Bustead,  Esq 
1715,  Jan,  2.  James  Tynte,  Esq.,  of  Old  Bawn,  Dublin, 

vice  Barry,  returned  for  Dungarvan. 
1727,  Nov.  9.  Eedmond  Barry,  Esq.,  of  Eathcormae. 

James  Barry,  Esq ,  of  Eathcormae. 
1727,  Feb.  9.  William  Fitz-Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Shercock, 

Cavan,  vice  Barry,  returned  for  Tallagh. 
1743,  Oct.  26.  Joseph  Leeson,  Esq.,  of  Eussellstown, 

Wicklow,  vice  J.  Barry,  deceased. 
1743,  Oct.  26.    Brettridge  Badham,  Esq.,  of  Bally- 

heene,  or  Eockfield,  vice  Fitz-Herbert,  deceased. 
1745,  Oct.  19.  John  MagilU  Esq.,  of  North  Strand, 

Dublin,  vice  Badham,  deceased. 
1756,  May  26.  Abraham  Devonsher,  Esq,  of  Kilshan- 

nig,  vice  Leeson,  become  Lord  Eussborough. 
1761,  April  18.  James  Dennis,  Esq.,  of  Dublin. 

Abraham  Devonsher,  Esq ,  of  Kilshanick. 
1768,  July  4.    Abraham   Devonsher,    Esq.,  of  Eil- 

shanick.     James  Barry,  Esq.,  Eathcormae. 


286  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

1776,  Wmiam  Tonson,  Esq.    F.  B.  Beamish,  Esq. 

1783,  S.  Hamilton,  Esq. 

1784,  Bt.  Hon.  T.  Orde. 

1790,  H.  Duquery,  Esq.    J.  P.  Cnrran,  Esq. 

1 797,  N.  Boyle,  Esq.     C.  M*Donnell,  Esq. 

1 798,  William  Bagwell,  Esq. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

ITBITKBOTS — SIB  JOHN   PUBCBLL — ^BLBCTION    C0KTB8TS'-' 

LIST   OF   MEMBEBS. 

A.D.  1800—1830. 

This  county  was  more  or  less  disturbed  dnring  the 
early  part  of  this  century  by  Whiteboys,*  or  members 
of  illegal  associations.  The  burning  of  haggarts  or 
£um  houses  was  a  common  practice.  To  waylay, 
assault,  and  sometimes  rob,  was  not  uncommon.  The 
following  notices  were  collected  by  Mr.  Tuckey  from 
the  daily  papers  of  the  period : — 

"  A.D.  1803,  Sept.  4. — Between  two  and  three  this 
morning,  eight  houses  and  a  forge,  on  the  lands  of 
Callas,  in  the  parish  of  Inniscarra,  were  set  on  fire  by 
a  set  of  yillians,  and  consumed.  The  Muskerry  corps, 
commanded  by  Captain  Warren,  succeeded  in  appre- 
hending seven  persons." 

But  this  was  not  confined  to  our  county.  As  the 
following  refer  to  our  mail  coaches  we  mention  them : 

'*  A.D.  1807,  Feb.  16.— The  Cork  and.Dublin  maU 
coach  t  was,  this  night,  stopped  at  Bed-Gap,  in  the 

*  IThitehofft  were  so  called  in  the  first  initance  from  wearing  their  shirts  orer 
t^  rest  of  their  clothes.  The  WhiUbcft  of  a  later  period  were  generally  distin- 
gniihed  bj  biaekmtd  faces. 

t  Cork  and  Du&tm  mail  aw«A.— The  first  mail  coach  from  Cork  to  Dublin  wa^ 
crtablifthed  br  John  Anderson,  of  Fermoj,  for  manj  jeait  a  merchint  and  banke' 
iathedtjof  Cork. 


288  HISTORY   OF  CORK. 

county  Kildare,  by  ten  or  twelve  armed  ruffians.  The 
guard  fired  a  case  of  pistols  and  a  blunderbuss,  the 
latter  of  which  having  missed  fire  three  times,  the 
mails  would  inevitably  have  been  robbed,  but  for  a 
navy  officer — Lieutenant  Alexander — the  only  pas- 
senger, who  came  out  of  the  coach,  gave  battle  to  the 
entire,  and  brought  off  the  coach  in  triumph." 

"  May  20th. — The  post-boy  bringing  the  mail  from 
Cashel,  under  the  escort  of  one  of  the  7th  dragoon 
guards,  quartered  here,  was  waylaid  near  Lower 
Green,  by  three  fellows,  two  of  whom  fired  at  the 
guard.  The  post-boy  directly  turned,  and  hastened 
back  to  Cashel,  while  the  dragoon  fired  upon  one  of 
the  villians,  who  immediately  fell ;  the  two  others  fled, 
and  the  dragoon  pursued  the  object  of  his  charge, 
whom  he  overtook  before  he  reached  Cashel. 

"A.D.  1808,  June  30th.— The  post-boy  who  was 
conveying  the  mails  from  Skibbereen  to  Bantry,  was 
attacked  by  two  men  with  their  faces  blackened,  and 
robbed  of  the  mail,  after  being  severely  ill-treated." 

The  next  incident  is  more  thrilling : — 

"A.D.  1811,  July  12.— The  Duke  of  Kchmond 
knighted  the  venerablo  Mr.  Furcell,  whose  singular 
intrepidity,  in  resisting  an  attack  made  on  his  honsB 
at  Highfort,  by  a  gang  of  ruffians,  five  of  whom  be 
either  killed  or  wounded,  had  been  a  subject  of  admi- 
ration and  surprise.  The  account  of  this  transactioa 
is  as  follows : — 

^ '  On  the  night  of  the  1 1  th  of  March,  about  one  o'dockf 
after  Mr.  Furcell  had  retired  to  bed,  he  heard  a  nfli* 
outside  the  window  of  the  parlour,  which  adjoined  the 
room  he  slept  in ;  there  was  a  door  between  the  two 


THE   NIGHT  ATTACK,  289 


W    loomsy  but  it  had  been  nailed  up,  and  some  of  the  fur- 

J    nitme  of  the  parlour  placed  against  it.     Shortly  after 

'     He  heard  the  noise,  the  windows  of  the  parlour  were 

ikmed  in,  upon  which  he  immediately  got  out  of  bed, 

^tftermined  to  make  resistance,  when,  recollecting  that 

lie  had  supped  in  his  bed-chamber,  he  proceeded  to 

Srope  for  a  knife  which  had  been  left  there  by  accident, 

tad  haying  fortunately  found  it,  advanced  to  the  door 

leiding  into  the  parlour,  where  he  stood  in  calm  but 

iMolute  expectation  that  the  progress  of  the  robbers 

Wtmld  lead  them  to  his  bed-chamber. 

"  Soon  after,  he  heard  the  furniture,  which  had  been 
piaoed  against  the  nailed-up  door,  displaced,  and  almost 
at  the  same  moment,  the  door  itself  having  been  burst 
dfea,  the  moon  shone  with  great  brightness,  and  the 
light,  streaming  in  through  three  large  windows  in  the 
parlour,  afforded  him  a  view  that  would  have  made  any 
but  an  intrepid  spirit  not  a  little  apprehensive.  His 
bed-room  was  dark,  the  window-shutters  being  closed, 
and  thus,  without  being  perceived  himself,  he  saw 
standing  before  him  a  body  of  armed  men,  the  foremost 
of  whom  were  blackened. 

"  Armed  only  with  a  knife,  but  aided  by  a  dauntless 
heart,  he  took  his  station  by  the  side  of  the  door,  and 
in  a  moment  after,  one  of  the  villains  entered  the  room, 
upon  which  Mr.  Purcell  instantly  stabbed  him.  On 
receiving  this  thrust,  the  villain  reeled  back  into  the 
parlour,  crying  out,  with  an  oath,  that  he  was  killed, 
and  shortly  after  another  who  advanced  was  received 
in  a  similar  manner,  and  also  staggered  back  into  the 
parlour  crying  out  that  he  was  wounded. 

**  A  voice  from  the  outside  now  gave  orders  to  fire 

Tou  ri.  19 


290  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

into  the  dark  room,  upon  which  a  man  stept  forward, 
with  a  short  gun  in  his  hand,,  and  as  this  fellow  stood 
ready  to  fire,  Mr.  Purcell,  without  betraying  any  emo- 
tion whateyer,  haying  looked  at  the  man,  and  oalmly 
calculated  his  own  safety,  remained  in  a  state  of  firm 
and  manly  expectation  without  flinching,  until  the 
piece,  which  had  been  loaded  with  a  brace  of  bullets 
and  three  slugs,  was  fired,  and  its  contents  harmlessly 
lodged  in  the  wall ;  when  he  made  a  pass  at  him  with 
the  knife,  and  wounded  him  in  the  arm,  and  repeating 
the  blow  with  similar  effect,  the  yillain  retired,  as  the 
others  had  done,  exclaiming  that  he  was  wounded. 

^^  The  robbers  now  rushed  forward  from  the  parlour 
into  the  dark  room,  and  then  it  was  that  Mr.  Paroell 
felt  the  deepest  sense  of  his  danger;  not  daunted 
howeyer,  but  thinking  that  all  chance  of  preserying  his 
life  was  oyer,  he  resolyed  to  sell  it  as  dearly  as  poesible, 
and  accordingly,  the  moment  the  yillians  entered  the 
room,  he  struck  at  a  fourth  fellow  with  his  knife  and 
wounded  him ;  at  the  same  instant  haying  receiyad  a 
blow  on  the  head,  and  finding  himself  grappled  with, 
he  shortened  his  hold  of  the  knife,  and  stabbed  repea- 
tedly at  the  fellow  who  seized  him,  and  the  floor  being 
slippery  from  the  blood  of  the  wounded  man,  both  ha 
and  his  adyersary  fell.  While  on  the  ground  togetfaar, 
Mr.  Furcell  thinking  that  his  thrusts  with  the  knife^ 
though  made  with  all  his  force,  did  not  seem  to  produce 
the  same  effect,  which  they  had  in  the  beginning  of  the 
conflict,  examined  the  point  of  the  weapon  with  his 
finger,  and  foimd  that  it  was  bent,  and  as  ha  lay 
struggling  on  the  ground  endeayoured,  but  unsueaOBn 
fully,  to  straighten  it.    While  one  hand  was  employed 


SIB  John's  haibbheadth  escapes.  291 

in  this  attempt,  he  perceived  that  the  grasp  of  his  ad- 
Tersary  was  losing  its  pressure,  and  in  a  moment  or 
two  after  he  found  himself  released  from  it,  the  limbs 
of  the  robber  being  in  &ct  by  this  time  unnerved  by 
death.  Mr.  Puroell  now  perceived  that  this  fellow  had 
a  aword  in  his  hand,  which  having  seized,  he  gave  several 
blows  with  it,  his  knife  being  no  longer  serviceable. 

^'  At  length  the  robbers,  finding  so  many  of  their 
party  had  been  killed  or  wounded,  employed  themselves 
in  removing  the  bodies,  which  they  dragged  into  the 
parlour,  and  by  means  of  chairs  with  the  backs  placed 
upward,  lifted  out  of  the  windows  and  aft;erward8  took 
away.  In  the  mean  time,  Mr.  Purcell  retired  into  a 
|daoe  apart  from  the  house,  where  he  remained  a  short 
time,  and  when  the  robbers  retired,  returned  to  the 
house,  and  having  called  up  a  man-servant  from  his  bed, 
who  during  this  long  and  bloody  conflict,  had  not  before 
appeared,  placed  his  daughter-in-law  and  grandchild  in 
places  of  safety,  and  took  such  precautions  as  circum- 
stances suggested,  imtil  the  day  light  appeared.  The 
next  day,  the  alarm  being  given,  search  was  made  for 
the  robbers,  when  the  gim,  which  had  been  fired  at  Mr. 
Purcell,  was  found  in  the  house  of  a  man  of  the  name 
of  Noonan,  who  was  afterwards  taken  and  executed." 

Sir  John  Purcell  had  two  or  three  other  hairbreadth 
escapes  after  this.  A  paper  was  slipped  into  his  hand 
in  a  fair,  containing  a  warning  to  ride  home  at  once. 
He  took  the  hint,  but  was  pursued.  He  sought  shel- 
ter in  a  friend's  house.  The  pursuers  entered  soon 
after,  but  could  not  find  him.  Sir  John  lay  hid  in  a 
cavity  of  the  wall,  behind  a  chest  of  drawers. 

He  was  riding,  on  another  occasion,  with  a  friend,  a 


292  HISTORY  OF  CORE. 

Mr.  Seward,  of  Mallow,  when  he  found  himself  sur- 
rounded by  a  number  of  Whiteboys,  who  sprang  upon 
him  out  of  a  wood.  They  commanded  him  and  his 
companion  to  dismount,  but  informed  Mr.  Seward 
that  he  had  nothing  to  apprehend,  as  he  was  a  kind 
man.  The  Whiteboys  retired  to  a  little  distance,  to 
decide  on  the  kind  of  death  they  should  give  the 
^^  Knight  of  the  Knife^^^  as  Sir  John  was  called.  Sir 
John,  who  was  a  miser,  and  always  rode  a  bad  horse, 
said  to  Seward,  ^'  If  I  had  your  horse,  I  think  I 
could  escape."  "  Take  him,"  said  Seward.  Though 
nearly  eighty  years  of  age,  he  yaulted  into  the  saddle^ 
and  broke  through  his  enemies  like  a  thunderbolt. 
There  was  a  wild  shout  of  revenge,  and  a  hot  pursuiti 
but  Purcell  escaped.  Poor  Seward  paid  the  penalty 
of  his  benevolence,  but  not  with  his  life.  They 
stripped  him  of  his  small-clothes,  and  tied  him  down 
on  Sir  John's  garron,  with  a  furze  bush  for  a  saddle. 

We  call  these  lawless  men  Whiteboys,  although  some 
insist  that  Whiteboys  belong  to  an  earlier  period.  Dr. 
Campbell  says,  ^^  The  original  cause  of  the  rising  of 
Whiteboys  was  this—  some  landlords,  in  Munster,  set 
their  lands  to  cottiers  far  above  their  value,  and  to 
lighten  their  burden,  allowed  commonage  to  their 
tenants.  Afterwards,  in  despite  of  all  equity,  the  land- 
lords enclosed  these  commons."  The  cottier  tenants 
commenced  their  illegal  proceedings  by  levelling  the 
fences  and  ditches,  hence  their  name  of  ^'  levettera.^^ 

The  retention  of  land^  and  not  any  difference  in  re- 
ligion, called  these  illegal  associations  into  exiatenoe. 
Baron  Foster,  Mr.  Justice  Day,  and  the  late  Lord 
Chancellor  Blackbume  unite  in  asserting  that  *'  reli- 


CHAIRINa  OF  HELY  HUTCHINSON.  293 

gion  was  totally  out  of  the  case,  the  outrages  being 
inflicted  with  the  most  perfect  impartiality  upon 
Catholic  and  Protestant." 

A  yery  serious  attack  was  made  some  years  after 
this  on  the  life  of  George  Bond  Lowe,  an  active  and 
zealous  Protestant  magistrate ;  and  at  a  later  period, 
in  1829,  a  number  of  shots  were  fired  into  the  carriage 
of  Doctor  Norcott,  near  Doneraile.  This  was  called 
^^  the  Doneraile  Conspiracy,"  and  assumed  a  decidedly 
political  complexion.  Seventeen  persons  were  charged 
with  conspiring,  and  true  bills  found  against  four, 
Leary,  Shine,  Eoche,  and  Magratlu  They  were  ably 
defended  by  Daniel  O'Connell.  The  jury  could  not 
agree,  and  were  discharged ;  so  the  Doneraile  conspi- 
racy, as  the  editor  of  the  Chronicle  informs  us,  "  ended 
in  a  bottle  of  smoke." 

Party  politics  ran  very  high  in  both  the  county 
and  city  of  Cork,  to  the  time  of  the  passing  of  the 
Catholic  Emancipation  Act  in  1829.  The  Cork  Mer- 
cantile Chronicle^  speaking  of  the  success  of  Mr, 
Hutchinson,  the  nephew  of  Lord  Donoughmore,  who 
was  returned  for  the  city  in  1812,  says,  "If  an  angel 
could  envy  the  situation  of  a  human  being,  elevated  to 
the  pinnacle  of  honour  by  the  enthusiastic  gratitude  of 
his  fellow-beings,  he  would  yesterday  have  envied  the 
Honourable  Christopher  Hely  Hutchinson.  Never  did 
we  witness  such  a  scene.  Never  did  the  oldest  person 
hear  from  his  progenitors  the  traditionary  description 
of  such  an  exhibition  in  Cork  or  its  environs." 

Mr.  John  Hely,*  the  son  of  Christopher  Hutchinson, 

*  John  Self/.    This  was  the  Hely  Hutchinson  wlio  aided  the  escape  of  Lara- 
lette  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo. 


294  HISTORY   OF   COKK. 

contested  the  city,  in  1826,  with  Mr.  Gerard  Cal- 
laghan,*  the  nominee  of  the  Brunswick  Club,  and  the 
champion  of  ascendancy.  The  contest  was  exceeding 
close.  At  the  close  of  the  poll  there  were  for  Hutchin- 
son 1,020,  and  for  Callaghan  960.  It  is  said  that  the 
contest  cost  Mr.  Hutchinson,  or  rather  his  uncle,  Lord 
Donoughmore,  £15,500.  Mr.  Hutchinson  had  8ir 
Nicholas  Colthurst  for  his  coadjutor. 

Mr.  O'Connell  came  to  Cork  in  the  July  of  1828, 
where  he  established  a  Liberal  Club.  He  was  enter- 
tained by  the  citizens,  the  band  of  the  City  Militia 
playing  at  the  dinner.  Mr.  Oregg,  a  member  of  the 
Town  Council,  which  was  then  Protestant,  gave  notice 
at  a  meeting  of  a  Court  of  D'Oyer  Hundred  in  Sep- 
tember, 1828,  that  he  would  move  the  censure  of  the 
court  on  Sir  Nicholas,  for  allowing  the  band  of  the 
Cork  Militia  to  play  for  O'Connell,  who  had  just  re- 
turned from  Clare.-f  Mr.  Gregg  expressed  himself 
thus : — 

"  Yes,  I  do  hope  the  government  will  remove  Sir 
N.  C.  Colthurst  from  the  command.  Captain  Harding, 
of  the  North,  refused  his  band ;  but  Sir  N.  C  Col- 
thurst granted  that  of  the  Boyal  Cork  City  Begiment| 
and  the  man  that  would  give  his  band  would,  for  aught 
I  know,  give  his  regiment  to  that  traitor,  O'ConnelL 
(A  deep  sensation.J  So  help  me  God,  if  I  were  an 
officer  of  that  regiment,  I  would  not  stay  a  single  day, 
a  single  hour  in  it,  and  for  what  ?  Because  when  the 
hour  of  danger  would  arrive,  I  would  not  rally  under 

*  J/f .  Gerard  CaUaghan  was  the  brother  of  <^  Dan  Callaghtn."  G«nurd  btemt 
a  Protestant. 

f  JReturmd/rom  Clare.    Bir.  O'ConncU  was  returned  t  member  of  ParlinWBt 

for  the  county  Clare,  Jul}  5th|  1828. 


f^ 


PARTY  POLITICS.  295 

or  with  that  man  that  conld  act  as  Sir  N.  Colthurst  has 
acted.  Were  I  an  officer  in  that  regiment,  I  would,  so 
lielp  me  Ood,  institute  a  court-martial  against  a  com- 
manding officer  so  acting,  and  I  call  upon  a  gentleman 
on  my  right  (Ensign  Good)  to  do  so." 

A  meeting  was  held  in  the  Brunswick  Club  soon 
after  this.  When  the  new  sheriffs  entered  the  room, 
Mr.  Gregg  expressed  himself  thus: — "Whilst  Pro- 
testantism could  boast  of  such  men  as  James  Cummins 
and  his  respectable  young  colleague,  Mr.  Ferry,  Eng- 
land may  defy  the  confederated  world  in  arms.  The 
rebel  sword  may  flash,  and  the  Papist's  may  glisten, 
but  whilst  the  sword  of  the  church  and  the  state — 
wbUst  the  corporate  falchion  was  wielded  by  such 
gentlemen  as  he  now  saw  before  him,  in  vain  would 
O'Connell  threaten,  in  vain  would  that  congregated 
band  of  traitors  and  incendiaries,  the  Catholic  Associa- 
tion, talk  of  their  seven  or  seventy-seven  millions." 

This  Mr.  Gregg  was  a  most  extraordinary  man. 
Having  to  propose  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Lord  Kenyon 
and  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  he  turned  to  Mr.  Duns- 
oombe,  the  mayor,  and  expressed  his  profound  sorrow 
that  he  would  not  be  in  office  when  his  resolution 
would  pass^  ^^  as  it  would  certainly  immortalise  hinu'' 
When  the  resolution  did  pass,  Mr.  Gregg  started  up 
and  swore — ^his  usual  oath  was  "  so  help  me  God  " — 
that  the  ^^  thanks  of  universal  Ireland  were  due  to  the 
Bev.  Mr.  Edgar,  by  whom  it  had  been  seconded,  but 
Ireland  has  left  him  thirty  years  a  miserable  curate,  to 
preach  on  tracts  and  starve.  Great  uproar  in  the 
corporation." 

The  Catholic  Emancipation  bill  passed  the  29th  of 


296  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

April,  1829.  Bir  Nicholas  Conway  CoIthurBt,  one  of 
the  memhers  for  the  city,  died  on  the  19th  of  next 
month,  which  opened  the  way  for  Gerard  Callaghan  as 
a  candidate.  His  address  was  the  signal  for  battle. 
A  deputation  waited  on  Mr.  Charles  Beamish,  request- 
ing him  to  stand.  "Is  it  yonr  intention  to  bribe ?" 
inquired  Mr.  Beamish.  "  No,"  was  the  reply.  "  Well 
then,  you  will  lose  the  election."  Mr.  Beamish  refused 
to  stand.  Sir  Augustus  Warren  was  waited  on,  and 
consented  to  contest  the  city  with  Gerard  Callaghan, 
provided  the  election  entailed  no  expense.  The  polling 
lasted  for  two  days,  when  Callaghan  was  declared  duly 
elected.  "The  return  of  Gerard  Callaghan,"  writes 
Thomas  Sheahan,^  the  editor  of  the  Cork  Mereantile 
Chronicle  J  "  was  the  bitterest  wormwood  to  the  liberaLs. 
I  could  not,  for  my  own  part,  hear  the  sheriff  pro- 
nounce it.  I  proceeded  homewards  from  the  Gourt- 
House  through  a  comparatively  unfrequented  way,  on 
which  I  overtook  honest  John  Beynolds,  who,  too,  was 
stealing  away  from  the  scene  of  our  mortification,  and 
who  said  to  me,  '  Eeally,  when  I  see  such  men  triumph, 
and  the  su&age  as  it  is,  I  am  strongly  tempted  to  aell 
what  I  have,  and  go  to  America,  and  leave  thia  ooun* 
try  for  ever.' " 

But  this  chagrin  and  anguish  was  not  of  long  eon- 
tinuance.  A  rumour  got  abroad  in  a  few  days,  that 
Callaghan  was  a  government  contractor,  and  that  his 
election  was  null  and  void.  There  was  a  protest  and 
petition,  which  Gerard  and  his  Mends  treated  with  the 

*  Thomas  Sheahan  was  originally  intended  for  the  Catholio  dmreb.  Ha  ww 
a  tntor  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Dcasy  (the  father  of  the  present  Ju4ga  DtMj)  flf 

Clonukilty.    He  died  in  April,  1836,  and  w  buried  in  Father  Mathsw*! ' — 

where  a  handsome  monument  baa  been  erected  to  his  memory. 


GERARD  GALLAGHAH   UKSEATBD.  297 

utmost  oonteropt  Mr.  Dan.  Meagher  *  went  to  Lon- 
don to  watch  the  proceedings.  The  following  is  his 
lettefr: — 

*^  29,  SiTRREY  Street,  Londok, 
''Zrd  of  March,  1830. 

^^Mt  dear  Sheahan, 

^^Pm  sure  you'll  not  attribute  my  not 
addressing  you  before  to  any  want  of  esteem  and 
respect  for  you«  I  now  give  you  the  glorious  news, 
the  reward  of  all  our  labours.  When  the  chairman 
pronoimced  that  *^  Gerard  Callaghan,  Esq.,  was  not 
dufy  elected^  my  heart  leaped  from  its  place,  and  is 
now  so  full,  I  can  write  no  more,  than  to  say,  Qod 
UesB  you.    Yours  truly, 

"Dan  Meagher." 

The  rejection  of  Gerard  Callaghan  was  followed  by 
one  of  the  most  severely  contested  elections  that  ever 
occurred  in  the  city  or  county  of  Cork.  Mr  Leader 
and  Colonel  Longfield,  of  Longueville,  were  spoken  of 
as  candidates,  but  the  9th  of  March,  1829,  produced 
the  address  of  William  Henry  Worth  Newenham,  of 
Coolmore.  The  address  pleased  the  popular  party. 
Though  not  a  decided  Liberal,  he  was  noBrunswicker; 
and  they  felt  confident  that  he  would  not  act  as  the 
hewn  tenens  of  Gerard  Callaghan,  under  which  aspect 
the  public  were  disposed  to  view  his  bluff  opponent, 
Dan  Callaghan.  After  a  contest,  which  lasted  thirteen 
days,  Mr.  Dan  Callaghan  was  declared  duly  elected. 
There  were  polled  for  Callaghan  1176,  and  for  New- 
enham  IIGO — majority  for  Callaghan  16.     "Never," 

•  Mr.  Dm.  JTMyW.— Thii  worthy  dUien  died  on  tht  Sth  Augoft,  IMO. 


298  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

says  a  writer  of  the  period,  '^  was  corruption  more 
barefaced  than  during  this  election."  Magistrates  and 
clergymen  were  spoken  of  as  having  bartered  their 
suffirages.  It  was  computed  that  the  majority  of  the 
electors  had  taken  bribes. 

Mr.  Dan  Callaghan,  though  a  Catholic,  and  we 
believe  an  honest  Catholic,  owed  his  success  to  the 
Brunswick  Club,  as  well  as  to  the  length  of  his  purse- 
He  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Lionel  Westropp  and 
seconded  by  Colonel  Longfield.  Mr  .Westropp  said, 
^^  Perhaps  it  may  seem  inconsistent  on  my  part  to 
propose  a  man  who  has  differed  with  me  so  tax  in 
political  principles ;  but  times  are  changed,  the  great 
obstacles  to  our  imion  are  removed,  and  now,  thank 
God,  our  joint  interests  and  common  objects  should  be 
to  seek  a  fit  and  efficient  representative  for  our  city, 
not  the  agent  of  any  party,  or  the  slave  of  any  aeot." 
Colonel  Longfield  said,  ^^  I  know  there  is  a  diflBsrenoe 
in  religion  between  Mr.  Dan  Callaghan  and  his  brother 
Oerai'd,  but  I  know  equally  well  that  on  the  fundsr 
mental  principles  of  the  constitution  they  are  agreed." 
To  this  remark  Gerard  said  '^  hear,"  which  created  a 
suspicion  that  Dan  was  a  Brunswicker ;  but  as  John 
O^Connell,  of  Grena,  the  brother  of  the  **  Great  Dan," 
was  present,  and  cheered,  the  people  concluded  it 
must  be  all  right. 

Mr.  Dan  Callaghan  went  to  parliament,  and  on  the 
27th  of  April,  1830,  annoyed  the  Liberals  by  not 
voting  with  Daniel  0' Council,  who  moved  to  bring 
in  a  bill  to  amend  the  law  relating  to  Irish  veetriesL 
'^We  missed  the  Callaghans,  for  whoso  return  the 
brother  of  the  Liberator  had  voted,  and  the  Eings^  and 


THE  QBEkT  CONTEST.  299 

even  the  Hutchinsons/'  exclaims  Mr.  Sheahan.  Mr. 
Callaghan  was  courted  in  London,  where  he  moved  in 
what  is  styled  "good  society."  He  drank  wine  and 
lost  money  with  George  IV.,  but,  to  use  the  words  of 
the  writer  we  have  just  named,  "  the  world  was  well 
rid  of  George  lY.  at  a  quarter-past  three  o'clock  on 
the  morning  of  the  26th  of  June,  1830 ;  which  pro- 
duced a  dissolution  of  Parliament  and  a  new  elec- 
tion." 

Gerard  Callaghan  began  to  canvass  on  his  own 
account.  Dan  was  in  London.  Beport  said  there  was 
a  split  between  the  brothers.  Mr.  Boyle,  the  son  of 
Lord  Cork,  and  Mr.  John  Hely  Hutchinson  determined 
t^  enter  by  the  breach,  and  addressed  the  incorruptible 
electors.  The  Callaghan  Brothers  submitted  their 
differences  and  claims  to  the  arbitration  of  six  friends,* 
who  are  said  to  have  expressed  themselves  thus :  Mr. 
Gerard  Callaghan,  your  brother  is  an  unmarried  man, 
and  has  no  family.  For  these,  and  many  other  rea- 
sons, it  is  our  opinion  that  he  is  the  fitter  candidate. 

An  unmarried  man !  Ominous  words  these.  What 
a  promise  of  good  things  here  for  venal  voters.  It  was 
reported  that  the  Boyle  or  Cork  family  would  expend 
ten  thousand  pounds  to  secure  the  return  of  their 
"  Little  Boy;"  the  Donoughmores  would  sell  "  the  last 
stick  of  Knocklofty,"  before  John  Hely  Hutchinson 
should  be  beaten ;  and  the  Callaghans,  especially  the 
** unmarried  man,"  would  "bleed  as  freely"  as  the 
others.  But  Mr.  Hutchinson  thought  better  of  it,  and 
withdrew  his  name  before  they  came  to  the  poll,  as- 

•  The  six  friends  were  John  Cotter,  Joseph  Leycester,  Lionel  We«tropp,  A. 
Perry,  William  P.  White,  ind  Henry  Bagnell. 


] 


300  HISTORY  OF  GOBK. 

sorting  '^  that  no  rational  man  would  expose  himself 
to  such  an  unlimited  expenditure." 

But  the  citizens  must  have  a  third  man ;  there  oan 
be  no  contest,  or  bleeding,  or  fun,  or  anything  of  that 
kind,  without  a  third  candidate.  Doctor  Baldwin  wbi, 
therefore,  invited  to  represent  the  liberal  party.  Dr. 
Baldwin  would  not  bribe,  but  he  had  no  objection  to 
bleed,  but  to  his  mode  of  bleeding  there  was  a  serious 
objection.  Mr.  Meagher  says,  ^^  Mr.  Sheahan  touched 
on  a  point  to  which  I  had  not  been  insensible,  and  I  do 
here  confess  that  the  duelling  facility  of  the  Doctor  was 
always  a  serious  drawback  on  his  merits."  But  he 
stood,  and  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Thomas  Lyons.  The 
contest  was  a  fearful  one.  Catholic  and  Protestanti 
Tory,  Whig,  and  Badical  laboured  day  and  night.  The 
war  terminated  on  the  11th  of  August,  the  Dootor 
polling  388,  Dan  Callaghan  851,  and  Mr.  Boyle  1152: 
The  contest  cost  the  Boyles  about  £5000,  and  Gal- 
laghan  £2000.  For  the  honor  of  the  city  be  it  said, 
that  Dr.  Baldwin's  388  votes  were  unpurchased.  The 
affair  came  off  without  a  duel. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  members  of  parliament 
for  the  city  and  county  of  Cork,  since  the  passing  of 
the  Act  of  Union  : 

City  of  Corx  Bepresbihatiyss  sincb  1800. 

1808.  Hon.C.H.Hutcheson  1832.  Hon.  John  Boyle. 
1812.  Sir  N.  C.  Colthurst.  Dan  CaUaghan. 

1818.  Hon.C.H.Hutcheson  1885.  CoL  Chatterton, 

1829.  Gerard  Callaghan,  (unseated), 
(imseated).                         Jos.  Leyoester. 

1830.  Dan  Callaghan.  (unseated.) 


I 


CITT  AND  COUNTT  MBMBEBS.  301 

Ab.  Dan  Callaghan.  Col.  Chattertooi 

Herbert  BaldwixL      1851.  W.  Fagan,  (resigned) 
W.  Dan  Callaghan.        1852.  Serjeant  Murphj. 

Francis  B.  Beamish.  W.  Fagan. 

Ml.  Fras.  S.  Murphy.      1853.  Seijt.  Murphy  retired 

Dan  Callaghan.  F.  B.  Beamish 

B46.  F.  Stack  Murphy,     1857.  W.  Fagan, 

(resigned.)  F.  B.  Beamish. 

Alex.  McCarthy.       1859.       Same. 
J47.  Dan  Callaghan.         1859.   W.  Fagan  died, 

Wm.  Fagan.  F.  Lyons  elected. 

U9.  D.  Callaghan,  (died) 

Cork  County  REPRESENTATivEa  since  1800. 

JOl.  Viscount  Boyle.  1832.  Fergus  O'Connor. 

Col.  Fitz-Gerald.  (Jarret  S.  Barry. 

t02.  The  same.  1835.  F.  O'Connor. 

06.  Lord  Boyle.  G.  S.  Barry. 
Hon.  G.  Ponsonby.  1837.  G.  S.  Barry. 

07.  The  same.  Ed.  Burke  Boche. 
12.  Lord  Boyle.               1841.  D.  O'Connell. 

Hon.  Rd.  Hare.  E.  B.  Boche. 

18.  Lord  Kingsborough.  1847.  Maurice  Power. 

Lord  Ennismore.       1847.  E.  B.  Boche. 
20.  Lord  Kingsborough.  M.  Power. 

Lord  Ennismore.       1852.  Vincent  Scully. 

26.  Lord  Ennismore.       1852.  E.  B.  Boche. 
Hon.  Bobt.  King.  V.  Scully. 

27.  Hon.  J.  fioyle,  vice  1856.  B.  Deasy. 
Lord  Ennismore.       1859.  R.  Deasy. 

30.  Lord  Boyle.  A.  McCarthy. 

Hon.  Bt  King. 


302  HISIOUT   OF  OOBK. 

1869.  R.  Deasy.  1860.  B.  Dnasy. 

V.  Scully.  1861.  N.  P.  Leader. 

1859.  R.  Deasy  (Sol.-Gen.) 

HALLOW. 

1812.  James  L.  Cotter       1837.  C.  D.  0.  Jephson 
1818.  Wm.  B.  Beoher        1841.  Sir  D.  J.  Norreya,  R 
1826.  C.  D.  0.  Jephson      1847.  Same 

1832.  Wm.  O'NeilDaunt,  1852.  Same 

who  wuniiMated  by  a  Committee  1  QRiT  QamA 

oftlieHoiueofCommouinl839L    100<«  Oame 

1833.  C.  D.  0.  Jephson      1859.  Robert  Longfield 
1835.  Same 

KINSALE. 

1806.  Henry  Martin  1841.  Wm.  H.  Watson 

1818.  Geo.  Coussmaker      1847.  Rich.  S.  Guinness 
1820.  Adml.  Sir  S.Rowley  1848.  Benjamin  Hawes 
1826.  John  Russell  1862.  John  Isaac  Heard 

1833.  Lieut.-Col.  Stawell  1857.         Same 
1835.  Lt.-Col.  H.  Thomas  1859.  Sir  John  Amott 
1837.  Fierce  Mahony 

TOXrOHAL. 

1806.  Hon.  J.  Bernard       1837.  F.  W.  Howard 
1818.  Yiscount  Bernard     1841.  Hon.C.C.Cavendi8h 
1820.  John  Hyde  1847.  T.ChishlomAMtoy 

1826.  Hon.  Geo.  Fonsonbyl852.  Isaac  Butt 
1831.  Rt.Hon.G.Fonsonby  1857.        Same 
1833.  John  O'Connell        1859.        Same 
1 835.        Same 


COUMTT   UElfBERS.  303 

BANSON. 

1806.  Bt  Hon.  G.  Tiemey  1837.  Joseph  D.  Jaokson 
1812.  Bt.Hon.W.S.  Bourne]  841.  Same 

1818.  Captain  A.  Clifford  1842.  Yisooont  Bernard 
1820.  Hon.  J.  Bernard       1847.  Yisconnt  Bernard 

1826.  YiBoonntDtinoannonl852.  Same 

1827.  Lord  John  Bussell    1857.  Hon.  W.  8.  Bernard 
18S1.  Sir  A.  Clifford,  B.N.  1857.  Same 

1832.  W.  Smyth  Bernard  1869.  Same 

1835.  Joseph  D.  Jackson 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

THE   ISLAND   CITT   AND  THB  SOIfTH   8UBURS8. 

The  city  is  generally  believed  to  hare  derived  its  name 
from  the  marshy  ground  on  which  it  stands,  thongh 
some  think  it  is  called  Cork,  from  Core,  King  of  Mnn- 
ster.  Core  was  the  grandfather  of  Aenghus,  the  first 
Christian  king  of  Munster — he  who  had  his  foot 
pierced  by  St.  Patrick's  crosier  *  when  undei^^ing  the 
rite  of  baptism.  The  Annals  of  Ireland,  for  A.D. 
438,  make  Core  a  cotemporary  with  St.  Patricki  and 
one  of  his  co-workers,  or  ^^nine  supporting  props," 
in  preparing  the  Seanchus  Mor,  or  St.  Patridn's  Book 
of  Laws ;  but  Doctor  O'Donovan  thinks  the  quotation 
apochryphal. 

Corcach  signifies  a  marsh  —  we  still  have  our 
^^  marskj^^  although  it  is  built  on — and  oorrach,  a  boat 
Doctor  Smith  translates  it  ^^  a  naval  place,  or  a  place 
of  curraghs,"  or  boats.  He  then  launches  out  into  a 
learned  disquisition  on  the  Coriondi,  or  Navigators, 
who  made  their  boats  of  skins  or  leather;  on  the 
Welsh  cruffhj  the  Latin  corium^  and  the  Greek  xnm^ 
Cork  was  also  styled  Corcach  Mor  Mumhan,  or  the 
great  Cork  of  Munster. 

St.  Finn-barr  has  the  best  claim  to  be  considered  fha 


*  BU  foot  pierced  by  6t.  Patrick  t  crotier.  This  formed  the  taVieet  of  Ml  rf 
Darry't  earliest  and  most  successful  pictures,  styled  the  "  fiaptim  of  tlw  Uf  ^ 
Coshcl/'  which  was  afterwards  burned  in  1793,  with  a  portion  of  tho  Irish  ' 
of  Parliament. 


LOCH   EIRC.  305 

ftHmder  of  Cork,  Colgan  (in  his  Act.  Banct.^  p.  607,) 
iiys  it  took  its  rise  from  a  school  or  monasterj,  estab- 
liflhed  by  St.  Finn-barr  at  Lough  Eire,*  in  the  sixth 
eeotoryy  to  which  such  numbers  flocked,  from  all  parts, 
that  it  changed  a  desert,  as  it  were,  into  a  large  city." 
Sir  James  Ware  says,  ^^  I  take  this  lake,  called  by 
die  name  of  Looh  Eirch,  to  be  that  hollow  or  basin  in 
which  a  great  part  of  the  city  of  Cork  now  stands,  and 
lidch  the  industry  of  the  inhabitants  hath,  frt)m  time 
totiine,  reclaimed  and  built  on."  Doctors  O'Donovan 
ttd  Beeves  think  the  lake  of  Gougane  Barra  is  meant, 
bot  there  was  no  city  established  there.  Gk>ugane- 
Birra  is  celebrated  as  the  retreat  of  a  hermit,  and  no 
Boie«  This  is  implied  in  the  yery  name,  Gougane- 
Bttra,t  "  Barr's  recess,"  or  cave.  He  was  also  called 
Loehan.  Macgeoghegan  says  he  got  this  name  at  his 
btfrtisnu  Lochan^  in  Irish,  means  ^'  a  lake."  It  is 
iDOiB  probable  he  received  the  name  from  his  lonely 
raidence ;  that  he  was  called  Finn-barr  na  Lochan,  or 
^  the  Fair-haired  of  the  Lake." 

"Although,"  writes  Smith,  " this  account  seems  to 
bid  fieur  for  the  settlement  of  this  city  on  the  south  side 
of  the  river,  where  the  cathedral  and  the  abbey  called 
Gill  Abbey  were  erected,  yet  it  may  not  contradict 
the  received  opinion  of  this  city's  having  been  founded 
by  the  Danes,  and  enclosed  by  them  with  walls,  about 
the  middle  of  the  ninth  century." 

*  Lteh  Eire. — '*  St.  Barruis  Tcoit  ad  lacum  qui  Sootie  Loogh-Eirc  dicitur. 
jsxta  qu«m  coDstruxit  raonasterium." — Colgan.  A  nobleman,  named  Edo.  b  said 
to  have  granted  him  the  ground  for  hii  monaKtcry,  on  the  Soath  bank  of  the  Lee. 
The  Qoeen'i  College,  Cora,  ia  erected  on  a  port  of  thia  ground. 

t  Gmigamt  Barra, — *'  On  the  west  coasts  of  Ireland,  a  g9u§  (oobhao)  meaiif 
ialct  of  the  aea,  or  a  paitage  worn  by  the  sea  into  a  rock  or  cliff."— -i>Mtor 


Toi..  n.  20 


306  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

We  do  not  know  what  Doctor  Smith  means  by  the 
^^  receiyed  opinion."     But  we  do  know  that  his  Danish 
theory  is  opposed  to  all  the  statements  of  our  most 
reliable  chroniclers.     The  Danes    commenced  their 
plundering  and  pirating  on  the  coast  of  Munster,  in 
the  early  part  of  the  ninth  century.*     They  made  a 
landing  in  Kerry  as  early  as  812^  but  were  defeated 
near  Eillarney  by  Art,  son  of  Cathal,  king  of  Mun- 
ster.    We  learn  from  the  Annals  of  Clonmacnjoise  that 
the  "  Island  of  Corhe^'*  by  which  we  understand  the 
city  of  Cork — not  the  south  suburbs,  but  the  idimA 
city — was  spoiled  and  ransacked  by  the  Danes  in  819. 
The  Four  Masters  say  820.     In  833  the  city  was 
devastated  by  the  Danes  ;  in  837  the  county  was 
miserably  harassed  by  the  Danes ;  in  842  Cork  was 
plundered  and  burnt,   and  its  bishop  slain   by  the 
Danes;  in  913  Cork  was  burned  and  plundered  by  the 
Danes ;  in  960,  978,  995,  and  1012  Cork  was  wasted, 
plundered  and  burned  by  the  Danes.     In  918  they 
got  ^^ peaceable  possession  of  this  province,''  but  it  was 
not  till  1172  that  the  ^^  great  city  of  Munster "  and 
the  adjacent  county  was  "quietly  possessed  by  the 
Danes  or  Ostmen."     We  suppose  the  Danes  built  the 
walU  of  Cork.     It  would  appear  from  the  frequenej 
and  facility  with  which  they  plundered  and  burnt 
the  city,  that  it  had  no  walls.     They  knew  how  to 
guard  what  they  had  seized ;  but  they  practised  fh0 
cuckoo  policy  of  seizing  nests  which  they  had  not 
built: 

*  Ninth  eeniury.  The  AnnalB  of  ClonmacnoiM  say  Raohryii  wm  bvMi  ty 
the  Danes  in  1792.  <<  This,"  nys  Dr.  O'DonoYan,  "  w  lAi  ./IM  aMmI  « 
rtcwd  madt  hy  the  Jkm^t  upon  any  part  of  IreUmd," — I^  Mntmrt.  fdL  L> 

307.  ^ 


CITY  OF  CORK  IN  1570  AND  1622.  307 

"  For  why  ?    Bmeum  the  good  old  rule 
Soffioeth  them;  the  simple  plan, 
That  thej  ahonld  take  who  have  the  power, 
And  thej  should  keep  who  can." — JRob  Moj^t  Ormtt, 

HoUinshed  describes  Cork  in  1570,  as  the  fourth 
Gity  in  Ireland.  It  ranks  now  among  the  first  three, 
md  if  there  be  any  truth  in  the  following  prophecy, 
18  destined  to  take  the  first  place : — 

**  Limerick  was,  Dublin  is,  but  Cork  will  be 
The  greatest  city  of  the  three." 

The  chronicler  just  quoted  calls  Cork  a  haven  royal, 
^happily  planted  on  the  sea."  Camden  says  it  is  ^'  in 
the  form  of  an  egge,''  with  the  river  flowing  round  it 
od  between  it,  not  passable  but  by  bridges,  ^^  lying 
»rt  in  length,  as  it  were,  in  one  direct  broad  street," 
Vy  which  we  understand  the  Main  Street. 

In  a  rare  tract,  published  in  London  in  1622,  con- 
taining ^^  A  Relation  of  the  most  Lamentable  Burning 
of  the  City  of  Cork  by  Thunder  and  Lightning,"  we 
have  the  following  description  of  the  city  :  "  The  citie 
hath  its  beginning  upon  the  side  of  a  hill,  which  de- 
acendeth  easily  into  one  wide  and  long  street ;  the  only 
principall  and  chiefe  streete  of  the  cittie.  At  the  first 
entrance  there  is  a  castle,  called  Shandon  Castle,  and 
almost  over  against  it,  a  church  built  of  stone,  as  the 
castle  is  a  kinde  of  marble,  of  which  the  country  yield- 
eth  store.  The  city  hath  many  houses  built  of  the 
same  kind  of  stone,  and  covered  with  slate.  But  the 
greatest  number  of  houses  are  built  of  tymber  or  mudde 
walls,  and  covered  with  thatch." 

The  city  is  thus  described  by  Philip  Luckombe,  in 
1783  : — "  Cork  is  a  large  city,  and  extensive  beyond 


308  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

my  expectation.     The  Main  Street  between  the  gaties 
is  very  broad,  but  other  parts  mostly  composed     of 
lanes,  cutting  the  Main  Street  at  right  angles,  ancL  so 
narrow,  that  one  of  them,  which  is  but  ten  feet  wide^ 
is  called  Broad  Lane?^    We  are  not,  therefore,  Bnr- 
prised  to  find  that  the  Main  Street — ^by  which  we  are 
to  understand  the  present  North   and  South  Miun 
Streets — ^was  called  at  various  epochs  the  Boyal  Street, 
the  Queen's  Majesty's  Street,  the  King's  Street,  and 
His  Highness'  Street.      This  was  a  way  the  Cork 
people  had  of  honoring  distinguished  personages.   Mr» 
Windele  aflfords  us  the  following  amusing  example:^- 

"  In  the  hey-day  of  the  volunteers,  (1783,)  puUio 
gratitude  was  expressed  to  the  celebrated  Grattan,  by 
giving  his  name  to  this  street ;  but  shortly  after  the 
corporation  took  umbrage  at  his  conduct,  on  some 
question  of  that  day,  dislodged  the  name,  and  in  1798 
imposed  that  of  Admiral  Duncan.  The  bosineas  was 
managed  on  the  motion  of  Mr.  Charles  Cole ;  but  in 
1806,  when  that  gentleman  was  sheri£?,  the  late  Ifr. 
Cooper  Penrose  thought  it  an  appropriate  opportimity 
to  express  his  dissent  from  the  act,  and  caused  a  stone 
to  be  put  up,  with  the  name  of  Grattan  Street  in- 
scribed in  gold  letters,  where  it  still  remains."  Bui, 
notwithstanding  the  gold  letters,  it  is  called  Duncan 
Street  to  this  day. 

Luckombe  says  that  Cork  was  described  to  him  as 
^^  the  magazine  of  nastiness,"  and  the  ^^  great  shamblei 
of  the  kingdom,"  but  he  finds  it  ^^  really  as  clean,  in 
general,  as  the  metropolis.  The  slaughter-houses  aie  in 
the  suburbs,  and  there,  indeed,  the  gale  is  notuntainted.'f 

Our  beautiful  city  was  distinguished,  as  late  as 


STATE   OF  THE   STREETS.  309 

1804,  as  the  "  dirtiest  in  the  empire."  "The  mayor 
seized  as  many  pigs  this  morning,  Oct  9,  1805,  as 
filled  the  conservator's  pig-traps,  which  the  owners, 
under  the  security  of  a  wet  day,  had  turned  into  the 
streets  to  provide  for  themselves."  The  following 
paragraph  appeared  in  the  Cork  Mercantile  Ckronickj 
on  the  3rd  of  April,  1805  :— 

"  Our  total  indiflference  in  this  city,  to  everything 
which  concerns  our  public  accommodation  and  credil^ 
has  become  a  subject  of  wonder.  Our  nuisances  seem 
to  have  a  procreative  power,  and  every  day  seems  to 
shew  some  vexatious  instance  of  their  abominable 
fecundity.  The  day-traveller  runs  the -risk  of  being 
blinded  from  the  screening  of  lime ;  he  is  often  inter- 
cepted in  his  way  by  the  lagoons  of  water,  which  the 
obstruction  of  the  public  sewers  retain  in  the  streets; 
and  if  he  be  not  rode  over  by  the  gallopers  who  charge 
along  the  streets,  or  run  over  by  the  cars,  which  are 
whirled  along  with  no  less  rapidity,  he  may  felicitate 
himself,  on  his  return  home,  upon  the  cheap  terms  of 
such  injury  as  he  may  receive,  in  tumbling  over  a  few 
of  the  many  heaps  of  rubbish  which  principally  occupy 
our  public  ways. 

"  If  the  traveller  by  night  escapes  drowning  he  has 
no  right  to  complain,  for  what  with  the  darkness  of  the 
lamps,  and  the  naked  and  unfenced  state  of  the  quays, 
to  survive  a  night- walk  is  to  become  a  matter  of  family 
thanksgiving.  Every  stranger  who  approaches  this, 
the  third  city  in  his  majesty's  dominions,  does  it  at  the 
peril  of  his  life,  and  one  of  the  least  dangerous  of  the 
highways  into  town  is  now  through  a  sort  of  canal  of 
mud,  and  has  been  so  for  a  long  time." 


310  HISTOBY  OF   COBK. 

The  city  lamps  had  been  disoontinued  on  the  22nd 
of  April,  1770,  and  on  the  22nd  of  November,  of  the 
same  year,  we  read,  ^^  Since  the  lamps  have  been  given 
np  in  this  city,  a  number  of  persons  were  drowned, 
who,  in  all  probability,  might  have  been  saved,  if  that 
useful  and  well  appointed  mode  of  lighting  the  streetB 
had  been  continued."  The  public  are  cautioned  in  a 
Cork  paper,  on  the  26th  of  September,  1771,  "  As  the 
long  nights  are  approaching,  to  be  careful  how  they 
passed  over  the  old  draw-bridge,  after  dusk,  it  being 
so  old  and  out  of  repair,  as  to  be  imable  to  be  turned 
into  its  proper  place."  Shortly  after  this  "  one  Gervis 
Leary,  returning  about  eight  o'clock  to  his  lodgings, 
opposite  Shuttle  Bow,  Hammond's  Marsh,  having 
missed  the  little  bridge — in  consequence  of  the  darkness 
of  the  night — fell  into  the  channel  and  was  drowned." 
Again  the  public  are  warned,  ^^  in  passing  at  night 
from  Broad  Lane  to  Fishamble  Lane,  through  Cross 
Street,  as  the  slip  near  the  little  bridge  was  quite  out 
of  repair,  and  several  persons  within  the  last  few  nights 
had  fallen  into  the  river." 

Accidents  of  this  kind,  combined  with  numerous 
robberies,*  seemed  to  have  aroused  the  corporation  to 
relight  their  lamps,  if  we  may  judge  from  the  follow- 
ing meeting  of  those  citizens  who  loved  darkness  rather 
than  light : — 

"August,  1772. — ^A  meeting  of  the  citizens  was 
called  on  the  17th  inst.,  at  the  Bed  House  Walk,  to 
consider  of  legal  methods  to  free  themselves  of  the  pay- 
ment of  the  new  tax  for  lamps  and  watch  money.'* 

*  "  There  were,  at  this  time,  (September,  ]  770^  lurking  in  Tuioof  paiti  of  tht 
city,  a  set  of  noctomal  yillains,  who  were  ever?  night  employed  in  bretkin^  open 
Btables."  "At  thi«  time,  (1772)  infitances  of  pcrsoni  being  robbed  M  tkt  roadi 
adjacent  to  the  city,  occurreci  nightly." 


IMPIiOVEMElCTS  IN   CORK.  311 

We  conclude  from  the  next  entry  bearing  on  the 
matter,  that  no  legal  mode  of  putting  out  the  lamps 
was  discoyered  by  those  Bed  House,  or  red  hot  citizens ; 
they,  therefore,  adopted  the  summary  mode  of  break- 
ing the  lamps.  ^^  Some  evil-minded  person  broke  every 
lamp  outside  South  Gate,  on  the  28th  of  July,  1773.'^ 
About  fifty  lamps  were  broken  in  Blarney  Lane,  on 
the  night  of  the  13th  of  March,  1774.  From  this 
period  things  began  to  look  brighter  in.  the  city.  In 
1790,  there  were  one  thousand  six  hundred  lamps. 

Two  or  three  years  after  this  we  find  the  citizens 
bestirring  themselves  in  the  way  of  improvement.  At 
the  assizes,  held  on  the  22nd  of  August,  1808,  the  fol- 
lowing presentments  were  passed.  **For  covering 
over,  and  filling,  80  feet  in  length  of  Lapp's  Island 
dock,  and  making  sewers,  £200  ;  for  building  a  well, 
for  the  supply  of  water,  near  Skiddy-aore  Lane,  £28, 
19s. ;  £149,  for  arching  over  112  feet  in  length  of  the 
Watercourse  stream ;  £13,  5s.,  for  building  a  fan-arch 
over  part  of  the  Watercourse  stream ;  £57^  12s.  9d., 
for  building  walls  at  each  side  of  the  ditch  from  the 
Mardyke  Walk  to  the  ferry  opposite  Sunday's-well ; 
£17  2s.  6d.,  for  taking  down  188  feet  in  length  of  an 
old  wall,  to  widen  the  road  leading  from  Cork  to 
Blackrock ;  £500  towards  building  a  new  gaol." 

The  following  presentments  were  passed  at  the 
Spring  Assizes  for  1815 : — For  filling  and  levelling 
Warren's  Quay,  or  Lapp's  Island  dock,  £11,  lis. 
For  rebuilding  the  ferry  slip  at  end  of  Mardyke,  £33, 
16s.  For  changing  and  repairing  the  Glanmire  Bead, 
from  King  Street  to  the  village  of  Glanmire,  £1029^ 
14s.  6d. 


312  HISTOBY   OF   OORK. 

The  Mercantile  Chronicle  complains,  on  the  10th  of 
October,  1815,  of  the  way  in  which  the  new  pump 
wells  of  the  city  were  left  open,  ^^  the  inhabitants  being 
exposed  to  the  danger  of  being  precipitated,  during 
the  dark  winter  nights,  into  enormous  pits  of  water, 
which  lay  open  like  traps  in  the  most  frequented 
streets." 

We  have  a  most  correct  accoimt  of  the  principal 
streets  of  Cork  in  Mr.  Windele's  excellent  woik, 
Historical  and  Descriptive  Notices^  to  which  we  are 
much  indebted.  The  following  are  the  principal 
thoroughfares  in  the  portion  of  the  city  enclosed  within 
the  fork,  or  two  branches  of  the  river  :— 

The  Noeth  and  Sottth  Main  Streets — properly  one 
street* — at  the  end  of  which  stood  the  North  and 
South  gates  of  the  old  walled  town,  with  their  draw* 
bridges  and  castles,  the  spikes  of  which  were  adorned 
with  many  a  bloody  head.  This  was  the  grand  tho- 
roughfare of  the  ancient  city  of  Cork.  But  we  haya 
little  more  left  than  the  thoroughfare,  or  the  ground 
on  which  the  old  stone  and  ^^  thatched  houses  "  of  the 
Meades,  Boches,  and  Skiddys  stood;  even  Skiddy's 
Castle,  or  the  old  powder  magazine,  at  the  north-eastern 
end,  has  disappeared. 

The  Main  Street  contains  two  churches;  Ghriat 
Church,  or  the  church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  in  the 
South  Main  Street,  and  St.  Peter's  Church  in  the 
North  Main  Street  We  discover  from  one  of  the 
Boche  MSS.,  bearing  date  Not.  24th,  1630,  that  the 

*  Properly  one  ttreei.    *^  Fonning  tho  point  of  dlTision  betweoi  ihoM 
until  March,  1 837,  stood  the  Ezchanee  and  TholstL    Thii  ~ 
Bite  of  the  ''  Golden  Castle,"  erected  Dy  the  Roches,  to  whi 
B.  Roche,  Est}.,  of  Trabolgan,  the  corporation  still  payarei 
Eittorical  Nottccs,  p,  17. 


CHBI8T  CHURCH  AKB  ST.  PETER's  CHT7RCH.        318 

city  within  the  walls  contained  but  ^^  two  small  pa- 
rishes/^ *  of  which  these  were  the  chnrches. 

Christ  Chnrch  stands  on  the  eastern  side  of  the 
Bonth  Main  Street.  It  is  a  plain  structure  with  a 
gabled  front.  Mr.  Windele  thinks  that  the  original 
erection  is  to  be  attributed  to  the  Enights  Templars. 
The  church  of  1690  had  a  steeple.  The  Protestants 
were  confined  in  this  church  during  the  siege.  Where 
could  they  find  greater  security  ?  A  bomb*— one  of 
William's  bombs — fell  through  the  roof,  which  injured 
the  church,  but  not  the  people.  The  Irish  replied 
with  lead  stript  from  the  steeple.  The  present  church 
was  erected  in  1720,  with  a  lofty  tower,  136  feet  high. 
The  tower  began  to  sink,  so  36  feet  were  taken  off, 
leaying  100  feet  standing.  In  1810  it  lost  40  feet 
more,  leaving  60,  which  60  were  removed  by  Mr.  Pain 
in  1828.  It  is  now  as  plain,  externally,  as  a  bam,  with 
the  exception  of  a  cut  stone  front. 

The  graveyard  contains  some  ancient  monuments, 
one  of  them  as  old  as  1494.  Here  lies  ^^  Thome 
Bonan," — Mayor  of  Cork  in  1537  and  1549.  Some 
kind  and  pious  brother  or  sister  prays,  in  1642,  "God's 

PEACE   BE  WITH  TOU  MY  TOW  GOOD  SHISTEES,  ElLUT  AND 

Mabgabite."  a  stone,  copied  by  Mr.  Sainthill,  bears 
the  initials  E.  C.  I.  M.,  a  pair  of  shears,  and  a  smooth- 
ing iron.  The  profession  of  a  tailor  was  something  to 
be  proud  of  in  those  days.  An  indenture,  bearing 
date  the  6th  of  February,  1606,  stipulates  that  the 
^*  voyd  roome,  in  the  fore-front  of  St  Peter's  church," 

•  IWo  ttnall  parishes. — "  Whereas  the  whole  city  of  Cork,  being  the  shire  city 
of  the  county  of  Cork,  containing  only  two  small  parishes,  and  there  being  fonr 
diBsolved  abbeys,  viz,  Gill  Abbeys  St.  DominicVs  Abbey,  St.  Auguslin's  Abbey, 
and  St.  Francis*  Abbey — that  those  abbeys,  with  their  possessions  and  inhabitants, 
may  be  within  the  jurisdiction  and  goyemment  of  the  officers  of  the  dty." 


314  HISTOET   OF   CORK. 

may  be  Bet  for  building  purposes ;  but  not  '^  to  anf 
artificer  hut  a  merchant  tailor?^  One  Carrule,  a  tailor, 
got  the  ^^  Toyd  roome/'  and  in  three  years  after  it  was 
made  over  to  Thomas  Davie,  **  for  a  grave*  for  his 
wife." 

St.  Peter's  church  is  on  the  western  side  of  the 
Korth  Main  Street.  Mr.  Windele  styles  the  exterior 
'*  mean,"  and  the  interior  "  elegant."  Henry  III.  by 
a  charter,  bearing  date  20th  of  May,  1270,  confirms  to 
the  Bishop  of  Cork  and  his  successors,  the  patronage 
and  advowsons  of  the  church  of  St.  Mary  Nard,t  ^^^ 
£illmahanok,  and  the  chapel  of  St.  Peter  at  Cork — 
"Capelle  Set.  Petri,  Corcag."— ^4?.  Rot.  Plac.  25  EcL  I. 
in  Tur  Record^  Dublin. 

In  the  South  Main  Street  we  have  the  main  entrance 
to  the  Cork  Porter  Brewery.  This  extensive  property 
of  the  two  families  of  Beamish  and  Crawford,  was 
established  by  the  ancestors  of  the  present  proprietors, 
in  the  year  1792.  It  stands  upon  the  south  branch  of 
the  Biver  Lee,  and  covers  an  area  of  five  acres,  irre- 
spective of  five  large  malt-houses,  situated  in  different 
parts  of  the  city.  The  manufacture  consists  of  single, 
double,  and  extra  stout,  of  which  about  120,000  barrels 
are  made  annually,  and  sold  principally  in  the  province 
of  Munster.  It  is  also  exported  to  London,  Liverpool, 
Bristol,  Plymouth,  Barnstable,  and  the  west  coast  of 

*  For  a  grave.  This  graveyard,  which  runs  from  the  bock  of  St  Petei't 
church  to  Dimcan  Street,  should  oe  closed  as  a  public  nuisance. 

t  St.  Mary  Nard.  This  church  was  dedicated  to  Mary,  the  aistar  of  Lmrv^ 
who  anointed  the  Saviour's  feet  with  spike-ftare^.  DiveDownes  uljb^  **  8t  Ifairde 
Nard's  church  stood  in  the  place  where  the  King's  Stone  Fort  now  standi.  Tbe 
mini  do  not  remain.  The  Stone  Fort  [Elizabeth  Fort]  was  built  in  QueonEliH- 
beth's  time,  and  raised  higher  by  Cromwell."  We  think  the  bishop  ia 
respecting  the  fort.  Cromwell  onen  raaed  a  fort  and  eastle,  bat  iWTer  n 
that  wo  know  of,  in  Ireland.  He  did  not  rcnmain  in  Cork  more  than  two  or 
days. 


BEAMISH   AND  CBAWFOED's  BREWERY.  315 

Eogland.  It  employs  about  350  tradesmen  and  labor- 
ers, who— since  the  opening  of  the  brewery  in  1792 — 
have  been  invariably  paid  upon  the  Friday,  thus 
removing  the  temptations  to  irregularities  and  intem- 
perance. About  £50,000  is  expended  annually  in 
this  province,  in  the  purchase  of  barley,  and  nearly  an 
equal  sum  in  hops  and  malt,  obtained  from  England. 
The  pumps,  elevators,  and  machinery  are  worked  by 
two  steam  engines  of  twenty  horse  power  each,  which 
convey  the  malt  to  the  mills,  feed  the  coppers,  mash 
the  materials,  raise  the  water,  and  transport  the  coal — 
the  latter  by  means  of  an  ingenious  contrivance  on  the 
principle  of  a  railway.  Large  tanks,  capable  of  con- 
taining one  thousand  barrels  of  water,  command  the 
whole  building,  and  afford  complete  security  against 
fire,  while  an  Artesian  well  ensures  a  constant  and 
ample  supply  of  an  ingredient  upon  which  the  good 
quality  of  the  liquor  is  mainly  dependant.  Exclusive 
of  the  tradesmen  already  mentioned,  about  twenty-five 
men,  horses,  and  drays  are  constantly  employed  in  the 
conveyance  of  porter  to  the  different  parts  of  the  city 
and  neighbourhood,  while  steamers  and  other  craft 
furnish  water  carriage  for  the  more  remote  districts. 

Duncan  Street  or  Grattan  Street,  which  runs  parallel 
with  the  North  Main  Street,  was  at  one  time  an  im- 
portant thoroughfare.  It  is  now  principally  occupied 
by  cabinet-makers.  The  Quakers  have  a  nice  meeting 
house  in  this  street.  The  tide  of  population  and  the 
hum  of  business  do  not  extend  west  of  Duncan  Street 
Here  was  once  the  fashionable  end  of  the  town.  Here 
we  still  have  the  old  Mayoralty  House,  which  is  used 
as  an  hospital.     Here — on  Grenville  Place — Doctor 


316  HISTORY   OF   GORE. 

Barter  has  established  a  Turkish  bath.  The  fine  houses 
on  the  Mardyke  Parade  have  a  faded  and  antiquated 
appearance ;  the  Mardyke  itself  has  lost  tan ;  Bache- 
lor's Quay  is  no  longer  a  promenade ;  Prospect  Bow 
has  lost  its  pleasant  look;  Nile  Street  and  Henry 
Street*  are  wide  and  deserted  thoroughfares ;  Francis 
Street,  Thomas  Street,  Peter  Street,  Moore  Street, 
Millerd  Street,  Coach  Street,  and  Devonshire  Street, 
have  their  names  recorded  in  this  history  out  of  pure 
respect  of  their  bye-gone  grandeur  and  gentility. 

Patrick  Street  is  the  principal  and  best  thorough- 
fare, and  most  fashionable  promenade  of  the  new 
portion  of  the  city.  The  water  of  the  Lee  flowed  up 
the  middle  of  the  street  previous  to  1783,  and  vessels 
laded  and  unladed  on  its  quays.  The  south  and  east 
sides  of  the  canal  were  called  Hoare's  Quay,  and  Long 
Quay,  and  Dunscombe's  Marsh  ;'|'  and  the  north  and 
west  sides,  Colville's  Quay.  The  channel  is  now 
arched  over.  The  Wesleyan  Methodist  chapel  X  and 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  are  the  principal  public 
buildings  in  Patrick  Street.  The  offices  of  the  Sautham 
or  Daily  Reporter  and  Examiner — Cork  newspaper8§ — 
are  in  this  street. 

*  Henry  Strut.  There  is  a  Methodist  Chapel  in  this  street,  the  oldest  Iban- 
dfttion  beloneing  to  this  hody  in  Cork.  The  original  building  was  erected  is 
1752.  John  Wttley  visited  Cork  in  1740,  where  he  met  with  bu  treatment  from 
the  '<  better  classes."  His  brother  Charles,  with  eight  other  preadierii  vert 
'*  presented,"  by  the  Grand  Jury,  as  '*  persons  of  ill  fame,  vagabondii  and  «n«M»fff» 
disturbers  of  the  peace.** —  Windel^t  UittoriaU  Notictn, 

t  Dumeombift  Marsh.  The  Presbyterian  chapel  in  Prince's  Street  wti  nilnnlt 
on  this  marsh  in  1717.  There  was  a  Presbyterian  chapel  in  St.-  Peter's  pnzlah  in 
1699.  "  In  St.  Peter's  parish,  in  a  lane,  near  the  wall,  is  the  meeting-iioiue  ti 
the  Presbyterians ;  a  large  room ;  the  seats  and  galleries  will  hold  about  409 
people." — Dw0  Downed  Journal^  pp.  108  and  104. 

X  Methodist  ehapel.  There  is  another  Wesleyan  chapel  in  French  Ghurab 
Street,  off  Patrick  Street,  which  or^nally  belonged  to  the  French  FM>t«tnli^ 
who  settled  in  Cork  after  the  revocation  of  the  £<uct  of  Nantes. 

§  Cork  newtpapere. — The  Southern  or  Daily  Reporter  was  established  in  1807 ; 
the  Qmetitution  in  1821 ;  the  Oork  Examiner  in  1841 ;  and  the  HmM  in  1856. 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS.  317 

Between  Patrick  Street  and  Paul  Street — on  the 
site  of  the  old  Carey's  Lane  chapel — the  Eev.  Canon 
Murphy  is  building  a  beautiful  Catholic  church,  the 
finest  ecclesiastical  structure  in  the  city  ;  but  one 
which  will  be  completely  shut  in  from  public  view* 
It  may  be  admired  from  the  back  windows  of  Patrick  or 
Paul  Streets,  like  a  beautiful  bulb  or  root  which  has 
grown  up  and  shot  out  graceful  tendrils  in  a  glass  bottle. 
But  the  wonder  by-and-bye  will  be,  how  it  got  there. 
And  there,  we  suspect,  it  must  remain,  like  "the 
Prison  Flower,"  or  a  cloistered  and  veiled  nun*  The 
only  means  we  can  imagine  of  liberating  this  £Edr 
vestal  is  by  removing  the  eastern  side  of  that  dirty 
narrow  lane*  called  Paul  Street.  But  where  shall  we 
find  a  Cork  knight  with  the  chivalry  to  propose  any 
thing  so  daring  or  so  grand  to  the  corporation,  although 
it  would  bring  the  church  of  St.  Paul  out  of  the  mire. 
It  was  the  corporation  that  made  the  original  grant  of 
the  site  of  St.  Paul's  Church  to  the  Eight  Rev.  Peter 
Brown,  the  Protestant  Bishop  of  Cork  from  1709  to 
1735. 

There  are  two  other  buildings  in  this  locality  which 
would  be  all  the  better  for  the  labors  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  Wide  Streets,  or  the  Improvement  Depart- 
ment of  the  Corporation,  namely,  the  AthensBum  and 
the  Eoyal  Cork  Institution,  in  Nelson's  Place.  The 
Athena3um  is  worthy  of  its  name.  It  is  a  beautiful 
and  highly-classical  structure.  The  architect  is  Sir 
John  Benson;  the  builder,  Mr.  "William  Brash.  It 
was  constructed,  for  the  most  part,  from  the  materials 

*  This  dirti/  narrow  lane  was  at  one  time  a  highly  fashionahle  locality.  Mr 
friend  Richard  Dowden  ^Richard),  Esanire,  informs  me,  that  Brown  Street — whicn 
makes  a  right-angle  with  it — was  cossiaered  ^^  one  of  the  genteelest  streets  in  Cork.*' 


318  HISTORY  OP   CORK. 

of  the  Cork  Exhibition.  It  was  opened,  May,  1855, 
by  his  Excellency  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  on  whioh  oooa- 
sion  the  mayor,  John  Gordon,  and  Thomas  Tobin,  of 
Ballincollig,  received  the  honor  of  knighthood. 

The  building  now  known  as  the  Boyal  Cork  Incrtitu- 
tion  was  erected  in  1724  as  the  Cork  Custom  Houae, 
and  was  not  made  over  for  the  use  of  the  Institution 
till  1832.  The  establishment  of  this  literary  society 
is  owing  to  the  exertions  of  the  Bey.  Dr.  Hiucka^*  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman,  of  Prince's  Street,  who  began 
by  delivering  lectures,  in  his  own  house,  on  scientifio 
subjects.  The  society  was  incorporated  by  charter  in 
1807.  It  received  an  annual  parliamentary  grant  of 
£2,000,  which  was  afterwards  increased  to  j£2,600. 
This  grant  was  discontinued  in  1831.  In  1832  the 
present  building  came  into  the  possession  of  this  body. 
The  Boyal  Cork  Institution  consists  of  a  library,  con- 
taining 12,000  volumes,  principally  scientific  works ;  a 
museum,  a  lecture  room,  and  a  reading  room.  It  is 
the  property  of  a  number  of  proprietors,  who  paid 
thirty  guineas  each.  Its  affairs  are  managed  by  a 
committee. 

Under  the  same  roof  is  the  School  of  Design,  which 
was  established  in  1850.  It  received,  at  ^is  time^ 
an  annual  grant  of  £200  from  the  corporation,  and  a 
special  annual  grant  of  £500  from  parliament,  after- 
wards reduced  to  £450.  But  these  grants  were  with- 
drawn in  1854,  and,  as  a  consequence,  the  school  was 
closed.  This  state  of  things  was  not  to  be  endured* 
A  meeting  was  called  in  the  lecture-room  of  the  Boyal 

•  Dr.  Smckt.    The  Rer.  Thomas  Diz  Hincks,  whose  piotnn  hugi  !■  ftt 

Institutioii,  was  born  in  1767|  and  died  in  Belfast,  1857. 


CORK  INSTITUTION   AND  SCHOOL  OF  DESIGN.       319 

Cork  Institution,  of  the  friends  of  education  and  art ; 
and  afterwards  a  more  public  meeting,  of  the  Cork 
rate-payers,  who  unanimously  resolved  to  tax  them- 
selves, (under  the  Act  of  1855,  Sdt  the  establishment 
of  libraries  and  museums)  to  the  amount  of  one  half- 
penny in  the  pound,  for  the  revival  and  support  of  the 
school ;  and  thus  the  school  was  put  on  its  legs  again. 

The  School  of  Design  contains  a  large  collection 
of  fine  casts,  done  in  Home,  under  the  superinten- 
dence of  Canova.  These  casts  were  presented  by 
Pope  Pius  VII.  to  George  IV.,  when  Prince  of 
Wales.  The  prince  presented  them  to  the  Cork 
Society  of  Arts.  This  society  became  bankrupt 
before  its  dissolution,  and  the  casts  were  seized  for 
rent,  when  the  Boyal  Cork  Institution  stepped  in 
with  £500  and  liberated  Apollo  Belvidere,  Laocoon, 
Antinous,  Mithridates,  Maria  Louisa,  Venus  de  Medici, 
Juno,  Ariadne,  Adonis,  Napoleon's  mother,  a  piping 
Fawn,  Bacchus,  Cicero,  Socrates,  a  boar,  a  cow,  a 
lion,  and  a  hundred  other  fine  men,  beautiful  women, 
divine  gods  and  goddesses,  and  remarkable  animals, 
from  a  very  unpleasant  position. 

The  number  of  pupils,  now  in  attendance,  is 
about  160.  Of  this  number  about  60  are  females. 
The  charge  of  attendance  is  but  ten  shillings  a- 
quarter,  for  instructions  on  three  days  in  the  week. 
The  government  pay  a  portion  of  the  teacher's  salary, 
and  give  prizes,  busts  and  sketches,  but  the  aid 
is  not  commensurate  with  the  object.  The  School 
of  Design  contains  some  creditable  specimens  of  the 
industry  and  ability  of  the  pupils  in  a  department 
where  Corkmen  have  gained  undying  fame.     Here  are 


320  UISTORY   OF  GORE. 

engrayings  of  the  six  allegorical  frescoes,  painted  by 
James  Barry,  in  1777-83,  on  the  walls  of  the  Addphi, 
or  Society  of  Arts,  in  John  Street,  London.  This 
eminent  artist  was  bom  in  Cork,  11th  of  October, 
1741.  Mr.  Crofton  Croker  has  given  us  a  sketch  of 
the  house  in  which  he  was  bom,  in  Water  Lane, 
Blackpool.  He  was  the  friend  of  Burke,  with  whom 
he  quarrelled,  for  Barry  was  a  man  of  a  peculiar  and 
irritable  temper.  Burke  was  kind,  and,  perhaps,  patron- 
izing, and  Barry  could  brook  no  patron,  not  eren  in  a 
man  of  Burke's  high  position.  The  following  words, 
addressed  to  his  friend,  Doctor  Hugh,  are  worthy  of 
this  noble  Cork  artist : — ^^  My  hopes  are  grounded  in 
a  most  unwearied  intense  application.  I  every  day 
centre  more  upon  my  art,  I  give  myself  wholly  to  i^ 
and,  except  honor  and  conscience,  am  determined  to 
renounce  everything  else."  He  died,  February  22nd, 
1806,  and  was  interred  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  Ther^ 
are  one  or  two  pictures  in  Cork  by  Barry's  'prentio^ 
hand* 

Cork  has  produced  an  equally  great,  if  not  greater, 
living  artist  in  Mr.  Daniel  Maclise.    His  friend,  Mr.^ 
Sainthill,  of  Nelson  Place,  Cork,  has  several  of  Lin- 
early sketches,  and  among  the  number,  two  or  three 
Sir  Walter  Scott,  taken  on  the  sly,  when  the 
novelist  was  in  Cork.    The  young  artist  dodged  him 
through  the  city,  got  a  stroke  at  him  from  behind  th^ 
counter  of  a  bookseller's  shop,  a  second  on  the  steps  o^ 
the  Imperial  Hotel.   The  third  was  a  regular  "  sitting,'^ 

*  'JPrmties  hand.    Councillor  Hewitt,  of  Summer  Hill,  Cork,  hat  a  piolm  c^ 
his  uncle — a  horrid  daub — by  Banr,  but  it  is  highly  esteemed,  for  the  at£i  of  MB— 
trast.    We  learn  from  Mr.  Windelc,  that  a  lion,  by  Bajry,  "  done  for  the  dgm  o^ 
a  public-house,"  still  exists  somewhere  in  the  neighbonrhood."     WImvs  ii  thi^ 
lion  of  a  picture  to  be  found  ? 


THE   GRAND  PARADE.  321 

IS  he  waited  in  his  carriage  for  Miss  Edgeworth,  by 
rhom  he  was  aooompanied  in  his  tour  through  the 
(outh  of  Ireland.  Perhaps  the  finest  of  his  pictures, 
or  which  he  received  18,000  guineas,  was  the  mar- 
iage  of  Strongbow  to  Eva,  the  daughter  of  "the  King 
»f  Leinster.  He  painted  some  of  the  beautiful  his- 
orical  frescoes  which  adorn  the  corridors  and  lobbies 
if  the  Houses  of  Lords  and  Commons. 

Both  the  Boyal  Cork  Institution  and  the  School  of 
)esign  are  in  every  way  worthy  of  public  support  and 
oyal  patronage.  The  corporation  of  Cork  would  be 
loing  good  service  to  these  institutions,  and  to  the  Cork 
Athenaeum,  by  removing  the  ugly  bulk  of  houses,  and 
he  soap  boiler's  establishment  from  Academy  Street, 
rhich  makes  the  natural  approach.  Has  Cork  no  men 
f  sufficient  wealth,  or  public  spirit,  or  literary  taste, 
o  come  forward  and  place  these  institutions  in  a  posi- 
ion  worthy  of  their  pure  and  noble  objects  ? 

The  Grand  Parade,  the  widest  thoroughfare  in 
Jork,  had  its  canal,  or  channel,  in  the  centie,  as  late 
s  1780,  when  it  was  arched  in.  The  equestrian 
tatue  of  George  II.,*  which  now  stands  opposite  the 
Jity,  or  Daly's  club,  formerly  stood  on  a  bridge — ^in 
he  middle  of  the  Parade — which  connected  Tuckey 
Jtreet  and  Old  George's  Street.  The  site  is  now 
KXJupied  by  a  beautiful  fountain.  The  houses  on  the 
Parade  are  even  more  irregular  than  those  of  Patrick 
Street.  At  the  upper  end,  and  opposite  the  western 
md  of  Patrick  Street,  we  have  the  King's  Old  Castle, 
>r  the  old  County  Court-House,  now  converted  into 

The  Equestrian  Statue  of  George  11.  is  a  lead  casting  by  Van  Oas,  a  Dutch- 
The  horse  is  now  supported  by  an  iron  crutch. 

VOL.  TI.  21 


322  HISTORY  OP   CORK. 

the  splendid  establishment  of  Mr.  Fitzgibbon.  An 
excellent  meat,  poultry,  and  vegetable  market,  passes 
between  the  Parade  and  Prinoes  Street* 

The  South  Mall  runs  at  a  right  angle  with  the 
lower,  or  southern,  end  of  the  Parade.     The  oentre  of 
the  South  Mall  was  also  occupied  by  a  canal — crossed 
by  wooden  bridges — ^which  was  not  arched,  or  closed  in, 
till  1801.    This  street  contains  some  fine  stmotoreSt 
namely,  the  Bank  of  Ireland,  the  National  Bank,  the 
County  Club,  and  the  Commercial  Building,  in  oca- 
nexion  with  which  we  have  the  Imperial  Hotel,  which 
occupies  the  western  comer  of  Pembroke  Street.     On 
the  opposite  comer  is  the  Cork  Library.     This  excel- 
lent institution  was  established  in  1792.     It  contaiiu 
a  large  number  of  works  on  general  literature.    It  19 
goyemed  by  a  committee,  chosen  from  the  subsoriben. 
The  subscription  is  a  guinea  a-year. 

The  Protestant  Hall  arose  out  of  the  refusal  to  allov 
Father  Gayazzi  to  lecture  on  Eoman  Catholicism  ia 
the  Cork  AthensBum.  The  site  of  the  hall  is  situated 
on  a  piece  of  ground  to  the  rere  of  the  honM 
at  the  south  side  of  the  South  Mall,  from  which  it  hu 
an  entrance  opposite  Cook  Street.  It  has  also  i& 
entrance  from  Queen  Street,  immediately  to  the  rm 
of  Father  Mathew's  chapel.  The  hall  is  98  feet  long 
by  45  feet  wide,  in  the  clear  of  walls,  and  36  feet  hi^ 
from  floor  to  ceiling.  It  is  lighted  from  the  sides  ind 
end  by  large  semi-circular  headed  windows,  finished 
internally  with  pilasters  and  rich  dressings.  The  pun 
between  the  windows  are  occupied  by  coupled  Cdrift- 
thian  pilasters,  which  support  a  rich  cornice  and  enta- 
blature, haying  breaks  over  the  pilasters,  nuuiing 


PROTESTANT   HALL.      OLD   GBORGE's   STREET.        323 

d  the  building.  The  ceiling  is  flat  in  the  centre 
oovered  in  the  angles.  It  is  divided  into  panels 
nriched  stiles  answering  to  the  coupled  pilasters, 
r  the  entrance  hall,  at  the  South  Mall  side,  will  be 
iding-room,  30  feet  by  19  feet ;  a  lecture-room,  45 
by  19  feet ;  a  registry-office,  25  feet  by  19  feet ; 
ttxee  committee-rooms,  with  keeper's  apartments, 
entire  cost  is  estimated  at  £4,U00.  The  body  of 
hall  only  is  at  present  finished.  Mr.  Bichard 
Irash,  of  this  city,  is  the  architect  of  this  beautiful 
ling,  upon  whose  genius  and  useful  practicable 
ty  it  reflects  the  highest  honor.  The  foundation 
e  of  the  Protestant  Hall  was  laid  by  the  Bight 
.  the  Earl  of  Bandon,  on  St.  Patrick's  Day,  1860, 
opened  by  him  on  the  12th  of  April,  1861. 
LD  George's  Street  is  long,  but  it  has  nothing  to 
t  of  in  breadth  or  style  of  houses.  It  contains  an 
rpendent  Chapel,*  a  theatre,  and  a  very  respectable 
L  George's  Street  is  a  continuation  of  Tuckey 
et ;  it  runs  from  the  Parade  to  the  Custom  House. 
i  intersected  at  right  angles  by  Princes  Street, 
Iboro'  Street,!  Cook  Street,  and  Warren's  Place. 
Custom  House  stands  in  the  fork  of  the  river, 
jh  here  divides  itself  in  two,  sweeping  round  our 
id  city : — 

**  The  spreading  JjCty  that  like  an  Uland  fiiyre, 
Encloseth  Cork  with  its  divided  flood." 

here  are  those  yet  living  who  remember  the  site  of 

Thi  IndtpencUnt  Chaptl  was  built  in  1831,  on  the  lite  of  the  old  AMemblj 
a,  durin;:  tb«-  minintry  of  the  Hev.  John  liamet,  now  of  London.  The  de« 
f  the  building'  was  by  the  Messn  Paine,  architects. 

In  MMrlhoroti^h  Street  is  a  Baptist  Chapel.  The  burial  grotmd  in  St  Ste- 
I  Lao6  \n  in  connexion  with  it.  Among  the  names  on  the  head-atones  we 
Uleo,  Austen,  Fowkes,  Falkiner,  Jonos,  and  Lapp.  Was  this  the  Ltpp 
:aTe  name  to  Lapp'<  Quay  } 


324  HISTORY  OF   COKK. 

the  Custom  House  to  have  been  a  sand  bank,  one  of 
the  twelve  or  thirteen  islands  on  whioh  the  city  is 
built.  I  believe  John  Anderson,  a  Scotchman,  and  one 
of  Cork's  best  and  most  useful  citizens,  was  the  fint 
who  built  a  house  on  the  Custom  House  island,  henoe 
^^  Anderson's  Quay*"  Off  Anderson's  Quay  we  have 
Dean  Street,  and  in  Dean  Street  a  most  excellent 
institation,  called  the  Boyal  Cork  Sailors'  Home,  estab- 
lished, and  now  efficiently  and  heartily  worked  by 
Captain  Stuart,  of  the  Royal  Navy. 

Great  George's  Street  is  not  so  long,  but  widw 
and  better  built  than  Old  Gorge's  Street.  It  is  (m 
the  same  plan  as  Westmoreland  Street^  Dublin,  but 
not  so  wide  nor  so  sunny.  It  occupies  the  sites  of  a 
number  of  the  narrowest  and  dirtiest  lanes  of  Cork. 
It  runs  from  the  Grand  Parade  until  it  unites  itself  to^ 
or  becomes  a  part  of  the  Western  Bead.  On  the  right 
hand  side  of  this  street,  as  we  leave  the  Parade,  is  the 
Court-House,  whose  graceful  portico  and  Oorinthian 
columns  excited  the  admiration  of  Lord  Macauley. 
He  speaks  of  a  Corinthian  portico,  which  would  do 
honor  to  Palladio.  It  is  raised  on  a  platform  of  eleven 
steps,  and  surmounted  by  three  majestic  and  beautiful 
figures  of  Law,  Justice,  and  Mercy.  The  Court-Honse 
was  built  in  1835,  by  G.  R.  Paine,  after  a  design  by 
Keames  Deane. 

There  are  six  bridges  crossing  the  North  and  Sonih 
Channels,  or  branches  of  the  river,  that  enclose  Coik. 
On  the  South  branch  four — ^the  Anglesea,  or  the  Metal 
bridge.  Parliament  bridge.  South  bridge,  and  Clazke's 
bridge ;  and  on  the  North  side  two-— the  North  bridge 
and  Patrick's  bridge.     The  foundation  stone  of 


GREAT  FLOODS  IN   COBS.  32  D 

bridge  was  laid  by  the  arohitect,  Mr.  Michael  Shanahan, 
the  26th  of  July,  1788|  but  the  bridge  was  destroyed 
the  next  year  by  a  flood. 

The  affikir  is  thus  described  in  a  Cork  newspaper, 
bearing  date  January  17th,  1789: — <<This  day  the 
city  exhibited  a  spectacle  dreadful  to  behold ;  a  heavy 
fidl  of  rain  began  on  the  preyious  day,  and  continued 
without  intermission  during  the  night,  and  haying 
dissolved  the  snow  up  the  country,  the  river  thundered 
down  like  a  mountain  torrent,  broke  every  boundary, 
and  overflowed  the  entire  city  between  the  gates.  It 
rushed  through  the  streets  and  avenues  with  the  most 
impetuous  violcDce,  and  by  four  o'clock  had  completely 
deluged  all  the  flat  parts,  from  the  Mansion  house  to 
Ciold  Harbour.  In  most^  places  it  was  near  five  feet, 
in  many  parts  seven  feet  high,  and  continued  rising 
until  seven  o'clock  at  night,  at  which  hour  it  remained 
stationary  for  some  time ;  about  nine  o'clock  it  happily 
began  to  subside,  and  at  three  o'clock  the  following 
morning  returned  within  its  usual  limits. 

^^  During  this  melancholy  scene,  several  boats  plied 
in  different  streets  and  lanes;  many  horsemen  and 
persons  in  carriages  would  have  been  lost  after  night 
fell,  had  it  not  been  obviated  by  the  vigilance  of  the 
citizens,  who  held  out  lights  to  them,  and  cautioned 
them  of  the  impending  danger.  The  loss  sustained  by 
the  inhabitants  was  very  considerable.  A  cellar  on 
the  North  Mall,  a  house  at  Baldwin's  corner,  and  two 
in  Globe  Lane  were  swept  away,  as  were  also  the 
quays  in  many  places,  so  as  to  render  the  situation  of 
the  houses,  particularly  on  Bachelor's  Quay^  truly 
alarming. 


t. 


326  HISTOEY   OF   CORK. 

^^  A  brig,  without  any  person  on  board,  broke  fron^ 
her  moorings  at  the  Sand  Quay,  and  coming  with  heK 
broadside  across  the  centre  arch  of  the  new  bridge 
threw  it  down,  and  was  itself  completely  destroyedL. 
Soon  after  the  other  arch  came  down.  The  Korth  an^ 
South  bridges  received  some  injuries,  but  stood  im.- 
moveable.  On  Hammond's  Marsh  boats  plied  as  welJ 
as  if  they  were  in  the  main  river. 

^^  No  flood  within  many  feet  of  this,  had  ever  beds 
known  or  heard  of  in  this  city  before  or  since.  Coix* 
siderable  damage  was  sustained  by  many,  but  happilj 
only  one  life  was  lost — a  man  whose  name  toae  Noah. 
On  the  following  day  the  mayor  ordered  the  markets 
to  be  opened,  as  the  inhabitants  would  have  been 
otherwise  much  distressed  for  provisions," 

We  have  the  following  account  under  date  Sept 
25th,  1789 :— "  The  key-stone  of  the  kst  arch  of  fha 
new  bridge  was  laid  by  the  ancient  and  honoFaUe 
societies  of  freemasons  of  this  city.  The  morning  ins 
ushered  in  with  the  ringing  of  bells,  and  an  immeiue 
crowd  had  assembled  in  the  principal  streets  befbn 
eleven  o'clock.  At  about  twelve  the  procession  of  the 
different  lodges,  dressed  with  their  jewels  and  insignia 
of  their  respective  orders,  preceded  by  the  band  of  the 
51st  Begiment,  moved  through  Castle  Street,  down  the 
new  street,  called  St.  Patrick  Street,  and  advanced  to 
the  foot  of  the  new  bridge,  which  was  decorated  on  Ab 
occasion  with  the  Irish  standard,  the  Union  flag^  vA 
several  other  ensigns.  Here  they  were  saluted  irilb 
nine  cannon,  the  workmen  dressed  in  white  apiQOii 
lining  each  side  of  the  bridge. 

'^  The  procession  advanced  up  to  the  centre  of  (b^ 


ST.  Patrick's  bbidge.  327 

last  arch,  where  they  were  received  by  the  cornmis- 
sioners  and  the  architect.  The  last  key-stone,  which 
had  been  previously  suspended,  and  which  weighed 
forty-seven  hundred,  was  then  instantly  lowered  into 
its  berth,  and  the  Bible,  laid  upon  a  large  scarlet  velvet 
cushion,  adorned  with  tassels  and  gold  fringe,  was 
placed  upon  it.  Lord  Donoughmore,  as  grand-master^ 
thereupon,  in  due  form,  gave  three  distinct  knocks 
with  a  mallet. 

^^  The  commissioners  were  then  called  upon  to  men- 
tion the  intended  name  of  the  bridge,  which  being 
communicated,  the  grand-almoner  of  Munster  emptied 
his  chalice  of  wine  upon  the  key-stone,  and  the  grand- 
master, in  the  name  of  the  ancient  and  honouraUe 
fraternity  of  free  and  accepted  masons  of  the  province 
of  Munster,  proclaimed  *  St.  Patrick's  Bridge.'  The 
whole  body  of  masons  then  gave  ^  three-times-three,' 
which  was  returned  by  nine  cheers  of  the  populace  and 
the  firing  of  nine  cannon.  After  this  the  procession 
marched  over  the  bridge  and  its  portcullis,  and  having 
surveyed  them,  were  again  saluted  with  nine  cannon.'' 

This  bridge  was  again  destroyed  by  a  most  fearful 
flood,  which  occurred  on  the  2nd  of  November,  1853, 
when  seventeen  or  eighteen  persons  were  drowned. 

The  foundation  of  the  new  bridge — ^now  in  course  of 
erection — was  laid,  by  His  Excellency  the  Earl  of 
Carlisle,  the  10th  of  November,  1859,  on  which  occa- 
sion, our  mayor,  John  Amott,  Esquire,  Member  of 
Parliament  for  Kinsale,  received  the  honor  of  knight- 
hood. His  Excellency,  on  the  same  occasion,  cut  the  first 
sod  on  the  Queenstown  branch  of  the  Cork  and  Youghal 
Kailway,  and  was  entertained,  along  with  a  large  and 


328  HISTOEY   OF   CORK. 

distinguished  party  of  gentlemen,  at  Midleton,  by  D. 
Leopold  Lewis,  Esq.,  by  whom  the  whole  of  the  fimds 
of  this  railway  were  provided. 

The  quays  on  both  sides  of  the  two  branches  of  the 
river,  which  enclose  the  city,  are — ^Bachelor's  Quay, 
opposite  which  —  that  is,  on  the  other  side  of  the 
stream — the  North  Mall  ♦ ;  KyrPs  Quay,  Coal  Qoay^ 
and  Lavitt's  Quay ;  opposite.  Pope's  Quay  and  Camden 
Quay ;  Merchant's  Quay  and  Anderson's  Quay ;  oppo- 
site Patrick's  Quay  and  Penrose  Quay.  Here  we 
have  the  Cork  Steam  Packet  Company's  Office,  a 
graceful  structure,  surmounted  by  St.  George  and  the 
Dragon ;  and  the  Cork  Terminus  of  the  Great  Southern 
and  Western  Bailway — ^a  beautiful  building,  although 
I  do  not  know  how  to  style  it.  We  shall  call  it 
Corinthian  Gothic,  for  want  of  a  better  term. 

On  the  southern  branch  of  the  river  we  have^ 
Lapp's  Quay.  Here  is  the  Savings  Bank,  a  graeefbl 
and  elegant  structure.  On  the  opposite  side,  Albert 
Quay  and  the  Com  Exchange,  where  the  Cork  Exhi- 
bition was  held  in  1852 — an  exhibition  which  did  in- 
finite credit  to  Cork,  in  the  getting  up,  entire  ammge- 
ment,  and  business-like  management.  Within  th# 
Metal  bridge  —  which  is  a  draw-bridge— we  have 
Morrisson's  Quay  and  Charlotte  Quay,  and  opposite 
Union  Quay  and  George's  Quay.  Vessels  of  consider- 
able burden  can  go  up  the  South  channel,  as  &r  ai 
Parliament  bridge — right  into  the  heart  of  the  oity— 
and  lade  and  unlade  on  the  quays. 

The  principal  thoroughfares  and  buildings  in  tliA 

*  North  Matt. — Hore  stood  the  monastery  of  the  MinoritiiM,  or  Fiim  d 
ficandun,  founded  by  Mac  Carthy  More,  in  1231.— See  toL  i.,  pp.  177- W. 


BLIND   ASYLUM.      S0T7TH  INFI&MART.  329 

southern  suburbs  aud  liberties  of  Cork  are  the  Yiotoria 
Boad,  on  which  we  have  the  C!ork  and  Passage  Bail- 
way  terminus,  the  Anglesea  Boad,  the  South  Terrace, 
the  Free  Church,  the  Blind  Asylum,  and  South  In- 
firmary, on  Langford  Bead.* 

The  Blind  Asylum  contains  40  males  and  49  females. 
They  are  all  children,  or  under  age,  with  three  or  four 
exceptions.  They  are  fed,  clothed,  instructed,  and 
trained  up  in  useful  arts  and  industrious  habits.  Some 
of  them  are  instructed  in  music.  They  are  comfortably 
housed,  clothed,  and  fed.  They  look  happy  and  healthy. 
A  number  of  those  poor  children  were  in  the  City  and 
County  Workhouses,  where  some  of  them  became  blind. 
The  mortality  is  very  small.  There  has  been  no  death 
during  the  year  1860.  To  use  the  words  of  the  re- 
spected secretary,  Bichard  Dowden  (Bd.)^  Esquire,  ^^a 
fair  class  of  dietary  and  necessaries,  approaching  the 
rank  of  comforts,  make  food  more  in  use  than  physic." 

The  South  Infirmary,  like  the  Blind  Asylum,  occu- 
pies a  portion  of  the  old  poor-house.  This  institution 
was  incorporated  in  1722.  It  is  supported  by  corpo- 
rate and  government  grants,  bequests,  and  donations. 
It  affords  accommodation  to  75  patients.  The  daily 
average  number  in  the  house  is  50.  The  number  of 
patients  admitted  into  the  hospital  for  the  year  1860, 
was  600,  with  about  16,000  extems,  who  have  been 
prescribed  for.  The  expenditure  for  the  year  1860 
was  £1,198  10s.  3d. 

^Langford  Boad.  Here  lives  Mrs.  Neilan,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  poet 
Spenser,  whose  mother,  Mrs.  Sherlock,  had  a  picture  of  the  poet.  I  say,  in  toL  i. 
p.  SI 4,  that  Mrs.  Sherlock's  daughter  <*Baw  the  picture."  1  find  I  mistook  her; 
that  what  she  really  saw — to  nse  her  own  words — ^was  **80fnethuw  like  the 
pieturcr'  I  conclude  that  Mrs.  Neilan  is  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel  Spenser,  of 
Itenny,  whose  wife's  name  was  Rosamond,  Mrs.  Neilan,  who  keeps  a  Dame's 
school,  is  alio  a  Boaamond, 


330  msroRT  of  core. 

Lane's  Iiistitution,  for  the  relief  of  aged  and  destitate 
females,  has  been  removed  from  Eutland  Street,  where 
it  was  first  founded  in  1843,  and  is  now  re-edified  in 
Anglesea  Street.  The  new  building,  whioh  is  oom- 
fortable,  and  cottage-shaped,  and  dedicated  to  Saints 
Joachim  and  Anne,  was  opened  in  I860.  The  present 
number  of  inmates  is  thirteen. 

Near  the  South  Infirmary  is  the  junction  of  the 
Blackrock  and  Douglas  Beads,  the  former  nmning 
east,  the  latter  south-east.  More  south-east  still  ig 
the  Evergreen  Bead,  and  the  Cork  Union  Workhoiurei 
which  will  be  ever  green,  or  gangrene,  in  the  public 
mind  for  its  inhumanity  to  the  poor.  Sir  John  Amott 
visited  the  Cork  workhouse  on  the  6th  of  April,  1859| 
and  entered  his  opinion  on  the  Union  visiting  book^ 
from  which  we  take  the  following  extract : — 

^^  I  have  been  shocked — I  may  say  appalled— from 
my  observation  of  the  state  of  the  children ;  and  the 
results  of  my  inquiries  have  led  me  to  the  deliberate 
conclusion  that  it  would  be  a  mercy  to  close  the  gates 
of  the  Union  House  against  them,  and  let  them  attain 
the  mercy  of  death  rather  than  be  reared  deformed, 
maimed,  and  diseased  objects,  through  the  system  at 
feeding  them,  to  which,  I  have  reason  to  believe,  their 
terrible  state  is  attributable.  For  want  of  proper  nu- 
triment,  and  change  of  diet,  scrofrda  has  so  infected 
those  young  creatures,  that  there  was  scarcely  one  of 
them,  whom  I  examined,  that  did  not  bear  plain  and 
frightful  tokens  that  their  blood  had  been  wasted  to 
that  degree,  that  the  current,  which  should  have  bone 
vigour  and  health  to  their  frames,  was  only  a  medium 
to  disseminate  debility  and  disease. 


CORK  W0BXH0U8E.  331 

^^  There  is  no  separate  register  of  the  deaths  of  chil- 
dren kept  in  the  house,  but  I  have  been  told,  and  can 
well  believe  it  from  what  I  have  witnessed  and  detailed, 
that  four  out  of  every  five  die  lefore  they  are  adulUy  and 
ihat  the  survivor  iSy  in  the  majority  of  instances^  destroyed 
in  constitution.^^ 

This  terrible  statement  bnrst  like  a  bomb-shell  over 
the  heads  of  the  Cork  Guardians,  and  somewhat  dis- 
turbed the  placidity  of  the  Irish  Poor-Law  Commis- 
sioners. An  inquiry  was  called  for,  a  number  of  wit- 
nesses examined,  and  the  fearful  fact  fully  established 
by  the  tables  of  Dr.  Terence  Brodie,  the  Poor-Law 
Inspector — who  sat  as  chairman  to  take  the  evidence — 
that  the  annual  mortality  among  the  children,  from 
in&ncy  to  18  years  of  age,  was  20,  instead  of  18  per 
cent.,  as  was  stated  by  the  mayor.  Sir  John  Amott, 
in  writing  to  the  Cork  Constitution^  says : — 

*'  As  I  have  verified  this  statement  on  oath,  you 
must  give  me  credit  for  not  making  it  without  inquiry 
or  foundation.  I  have  tested  it  by  the  Workhouse 
registry.  The  average  number  of  children  in  the  Cork 
Poorhouse,  for  the  last  four  years,  has  been  868.  The 
average  number  of  deaths,  for  each  of  these  years^  was 
156,  or  18  per  cent,  per  annum.  Take  a  hundred 
children,  and  deduct  18  per  cent,  for  15  years,  and 
how  many  will  remain  of  the  hundred  ?  According  to 
my  reckoning,  but  five.  We,  therefore,  lose  95  per 
cent.,  or  nineteen-twentieths,  in  the  15  years — that  is, 
before  they  arrive  at  maturity.  My  statement,  there- 
fore, that  four  out  of  every  five  die  before  they  are 
adults,  is,  according  to  the  Union  registry,  considerably 
under  the  mark." 


332  HISTOBT  OF  CORK. 

The  witnesses  examined  on  this  occasion,  besides 
Foor-Law  officials,  were  principally  medical  men  and 
clergymen.  Dr.  Callanan,  the  most  eminent  physician 
in  Cork,  stated  that  ^^  such  diet  would  make  even 
animals  scrofulous."  The  Lord  Bishop  of  Cork,  Dr. 
Fitzgerald,  says  in  a  letter  to  the  mayor:  —  ^^  I  am 
bound  to  say,  in  general,  that  the  extreme  preyalence 
of  scrofula,  among  the  younger  inhabitants,  struck  me, 
as  it  did  you,  with  a  sense  of  painful  horror."  ^^  I  can- 
not but  wish  that  a  very  searching  inquiry  should  be 
made  into  the  causes  of  this  lamentable  state  of  things, 
and  the  best  means  of  remedying  it ;  and  I  agree  with 
you  in  urging,  very  strongly,  a  revision  of  the  rolaB 
for  the  dietary  hitherto  acted  on." 

I  visited  the  Workhouse  and  examined  all  the  boya. 
There  were  about  104  ranked  healthy.    About  two- 
thirds  of  these  had  the  marks  of  scrofula.  There  were, 
besides  these,  46  in  a  sort  of  scrofulous  schooL     In 
some  instances  the  whole  head  was  affected ;  with  some 
the  neck ;  others  had  sore  hands  and  feet.    To  those 
46,  maimed  and  sick  in  school,  we  must  add  22  in 
hospital.    The  eyes  of  these  poor  children  were  very 
seriously — I  fear  permanently — affected,  and,  I  oon- 
clude,  from  scrofula ;  making  a  total  of  68  ranked  as 
sick  or  diseased.    Of  the  46  deformed,  maimed,  and 
diseased  in  the  Lazaretto  school,  only  five  entered  diB- 
eased,  so  that  41  had  been  reduced  to  this  pitiable 
condition  while  in  the  house.    I  found  that  some  had 
been  in  the  house  over  eleven,  some  ten,  some  nine^ 
some  eight,  some  seven,  some  six,  and  some  five  years; 
the  average  of  the  46  was  about  five  years.    I  aaked 
^w  many  of  the  male  children  there  were  who  had 


MORTALITT  IK   CORE  WORKHOUSE.  333 

grown  from  childhood  to  manhood.  I  was  told  six- 
teen. "  Here  is  one  of  them,  sir.''  I  looked  in  the 
direction  pointed  out,  and  saw  in  the  distance  (judging 
firom  his  size)  what  I  thought  was  a  boy  about  twelve 
years  of  age.  He  approached,  and  I  found  he  was  a 
man  /  But  how  shrivelled  and  deformed  !  In  the 
hospital,  a  boy  about  twelve  was  brought  before  me, 
panting  like  a  bird.  I  took  him,  at  the  distance, 
(judging  from  his  face,)  for  an  old  man.  What  a  look 
of  orphaned  desolation  marked  that  child's  face  I  It 
was  aged  by  want  and  sorrow.  The  boy  was  dying  on 
his  legs. 

The  last  report  of  the  Irish  Poor-Law  Commissioners, 
and  a  committee  now  sitting  in  the  House  of  Commons 
on  the  working  of  the  Irish  poor-law,  reveal  the  fact 
that  while  England  relieves  1  in  25  of  its  population, 
and  Scotland  1  in  23,  that  Ireland  relieves  but  1  in 
130.  England  and  Scotland  does  four  or  five  times  as 
much  for  the  poor  with  the  same  amount  of  money. 
The  average  number  of  those  relieved  outside  all  the 
workhouses  in  Ireland,  for  the  last  three  years,  is  but 
2,001 ;  although  the  worst,  most  unnatural,  and  most 
expensive  mode  of  supporting  the  poor  is  inside  the 
walls  of  a  poor-house.  The  sooner  the  whole  system  is 
abolished,  and  a  good  parochial  system  of  relief,  super- 
intended by  committees  of  clergymen  and  magistrates, 
the  better  for  the  poor  and  the  country  at  large.  This 
country  has  much  to  answer  for  on  account  of  its  con- 
duct to  the  poor  in  these  terrible  dead-houses.* 

We  turn  from  the  Workhouse  to  Father  Mathew's 

*  Dead-houses,    During  the  great  distress  as  many  as  fifty  and  sixty  dead 
bodies  have  been  carted  ont  of  the  Cork  poorhouse  in  a  day. 


334  HISTORY   OF  COBE. 

Cemetery,  at  one  time  the  Cork  Botanical  Gardens. 
Here  lies  a  good  man  and  a  true  philanthropist,  though 
a  poor  man.  Father  Mathew  died  without  a  penny  in 
his  purse.  His  heart  and  hand  were  too  large  for  his 
pocket.  Theobald  Mathew,  the  Apostle  of  Temper- 
ance, like  John  Howard,  had  but  one  objeot — the  good 
of  mankind.  He  was  the  superior  of  a  convent  of 
Capuchin  friars  in  Blaok-a-moor's  Lane,  Cork,  which 
was  originally  established  by  the  Bey.  Arthur  O'Leary, 
a  clergyman  universally  esteemed  and  loved  for  hit 
genius  and  worth.  The  Capuchin  friars  have  lately 
removed  to  George's  Quay,  opposite  Father  Mathew's 
new  church,  as  it  is  still  called,  on  Charlotte  Quay. 
The  foundation  of  this  beautiful  gothic  structure  was 
laid  in  1832.  Though  occupied,  it  is  unfinished^  and 
remains,  like  the  ^^  Mathew  Monument,"  in  statu  quo. 

That  eminent  sculptor,  John  Hogan,*  was  employed 
by  the  citizens  of  Cork,  to  prepare  a  bronze  statue  of 
Father  Mathew,  for  which  they  were  to  pay  £1|000. 
Hogan  died  of  consumption,  and  the  commission  wis 
given  to  his  son. 

In  the  broken  down  and  ruinous  locality  of  Blaok-a* 
moor's  Lane,  we  stumble  on  a  fine  new  struoture,  St 
Nicholas  church,  rising  like  the  fabled  phoenix  £rom 
the  rubbish  or  ashes  of  centuries.  It  stands  near 
the  site  of  the  ancient  church  of  St.  Bridget;  bat 
"  strange  fire  "   bums  on  St.  Bridget's  altar,!  for  the 

*  John  Soaan  was  bom  in  Tallow,  in  the  Oountj  Watexford,  in  1800;  batUl 
parents  residea  in  Cork  before  and  after  his  birth.  Cork  has  the  honor  of  Ba^ 
turing  and  fostering  his  genius.  Ho  was  first  apprenticed  to  an  attorney,  udthv 
to  Sir  Thomas  Deane,  an  eminent  Cork  architect.  His  first  work  was  a  MiMni 
car>'ed  in  wood,  for  the  Koyal  £xchango  Assurance  Office,  on  the  South  MalL 

t  St,  BridgeCn  altar, — ^The  nuns  of  St.  Bridget  never  allowed  the  firt  toft 
out  on  her  alta?  at  Kildare :  <*  Apud  Kildariam  oocurit  ignii  Sanets  Bi^gidii^ 


ST.   NICHOLAS'    CHURCH.  335 

ehureh  of  St.  Nicholas  is  Protestant.  It  is  a  handsome 
cruciform  structure.  It  was  erected  by  the  Ecclesias- 
tical Commissioners,  from  a  design  by  their  architect, 
G.  Joseph  Welland ;  at  a  cost,  to  them,  of  £6,400  ; 
and  to  the  parishioners  of  £500. 

"St.  Nicholas  Church,"  writes  Dive  Downes,  in 
1699,  "  stood  to  the  west  of  Eed  Abbey.  It  has  been 
ruinous  time  out  of  mind.  It  is  supposed  to  be  united 
to  St.  Barry's.  The  chtTrch-yard  is  enclosed,  but  there 
is  a  path  through  it.  Some  houses,  viz.,  Piper's 
holdings,  near  the  church-yard,  belong  to  this  parish, 
The  houses,  glebe,  and  all  the  tythes  of  this  parish, 
belonged  formerly  to  the  priory  of  St.  John  of  Jerusa- 
lem, now  to  the  choir  of  St.  Barry's.'' 

We  learn  from  Smith  that  a  new  church  of  St.  Nicho- 
las began  to  be  erected  in  January  1720,  under  the 
auspices  of  Bishop  Samuel  Brown.  The  living  is  a 
rectory,  formed  in  1752,  by  the  union  of  six  parishes, 
St.  John,  St.  Stephen,  St.  Mary  Nard,  St.  Dominick, 
St.  Bridget,  and  St.  Nicholas.  Dive  Downes  says, 
"  St.  Bridget's  Church  stood  where  the  fort  called  the 
Cat*  is  now  built.  There  is  no  appearance  of  the 
ruins  of  the  church.  The  ruins  did  appear  before  the 
last  war." 

Dive  Downes  informs  us  that  "  St.  John's  Church 
stood  to  the  east  of  Eed- Abbey.  It  is  ruinous,  and 
has  been  so  for  80  years.    Here  was  formerly  a  house 


qnem  inextinquibilem  vocant,  non  quod  extingni  non  possit,  sed  quod  tam  solicite 
moniales,  et  Sanctae  ignem  suppente  materia  fonent  et  natriunt,  ut  a  tempore 
Tirginis  per  tot  annonim  curriciila  semper  manBit  inextinctus.  Oirald,  Cam,  de 
Mirabil.,  dist.  ii.,  c.  34. 

*  Coiled  the  Cat,    I  find  there  waa  a  warlike  engine  called  a  rat  or  moflcaliu, 
aa  well  as  a  eo/  and  a  sow, — See  vol.  ii.  pp  155, 156. 


836  UISTORT   OP   CORK. 

[a  priory]  near  the  church,  where  they  entertained  the 
knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  *  in  their  travels." 

The  Blue- Coat  School  stands  on  the  site  of  the 
chapel  of  St.  Stephen.  There  was  also  the  oonyenft 
and  Leper  Hospital  of  St.  Stephen.  This  properiy  wai 
granted  to  the  city,  or  corporation  of  Cork,  on  the  dis- 
solution of  religious  houses.  Francis  Blundell,  Clerk 
to  the  Commissioners  for  Defective  Titles,  got  a  lease 
of  it  for  twenty-one  years,  in  the  tenth  of  James  L 
The  estate  consisted  of  ^^  fifty-sLs:  gardens  and  severd 
thatched  tenements."  The  ^^  place  of  the  priory  and 
hospital  of  St.  Stephen,"  was  vested  in  William  Worth, 
hy  a  grant  of  the  corporation,  in  1674.  The  Catholics 
regained  possession  in  1688.  Dominick  Sarsfield^f  as 
mayor  of  the  city  and  prior  of  the  hospital,  ^^  authorised 
Michael  Gould,  his  attorney,  to  recover  the  property 
from  the  tenants  then  in  possession,  and  make  it  over 
for  the  use  of  the  Jesuits  of  Cork.  The  Worths  re- 
gained possession  after  the  siege  of  Cork.  Baron 
Worth  made  a  grant  of  the  house  to  the  mayor  and 
constahle  of  the  staple  of  Cork,  in  1699,  for  the  sup- 
port and  education  of  poor  boys,  and  endowed  it  iridi 
the  North  and  South  Spittal  lands.  Dive  Downes  gives 
us  an  extract  of  the  deed,  which  directs  that  a  sum  of 
£20,  yearly,  shall  be  paid  ^^  for  four  scholars  in  Dablin 

*  ITtfi  knights  of  St,  John  ofjenuakm.    These  charitable  inidtiitioBa 


extraordinary  Titality  aboat  them.    There  still  exists  in  Dooglas  Street,  the  St 


John  Charitable  Asylum,  for  aged  and  destitute  poor  men.    It  is  an  old 
house,  where  three  poor  men  reside. 

t  ^*  Dominick  SargJUldj  mayor  of  the  city  of  Cork,  and  prior  of  the  hoipltal  of 
St.  Stephen,  without  the  South  eate  of  the  said  city,  pursuant  to  an  order  lati|f 
made  in  the  common  council  of  tXie  said  city,  authorized  Michael  Oonld,  of  At 
city  of  Cork,  gent,  as  his  attorney,  to  recover  from  John  Gomisk,  and  othen^  At 
lessees  and  tenants  of  the  lands  and  tenements  belonging  to  the  said  honitdi  li 
the  use  and  in  trust  for  the  BcTerend  Fathers  of  the  Society  of  Jeans,  iKngii 
the  said  citjr,  f^e  sum  of  three-score  pounds  sterling,  jearly,  to  commence  friw  tfti 
25th  day  or  Marcb^^kst,  and  to  continne  as  in  the  said  oraer  of  ooaneil  is 


r 


THE   BLUE-COAT   SCHOOL.  337 

College ;  the  rest,  in  trust,  for  a  schoolmaster  and  poor 
boys,  to  be  taught  to  read,  write,  and  arithmetick." 
The  "  poor  boys  to  have  blue  coats  and  caps,  with 
other  clothing,  meat,  drink,  and  lodging."  The  boys 
for  Dublin  College  must  be  "  natives  of  the  city,  and 
county  of  the  city  of  Cork;  for  want  of  them  the 
natives  of  any  other  county  in  Ireland  alwaies  to  be 
preferred,  all  which  natives,  and  none  other,  shall  be 
named  and  chosen."  They  are  to  be  chosen  by  the 
Inahop,  mayor,  and  William  Worth,  or  his  heirs. 
^^  The  schoolmaster  to  have  £26  per  annum  salary  for 
teaching  the  poor  boys,  and  to  have  £10  per  annum 
for  each  poor  boy's  diet  and  clothing,  and  £5  per 
annum  to  the  receiver  or  steward,  and  the  boys  not  to 
be  admitted  before  8  years  old,  nor  to  stay  after  1 4." 

The  income  in  1750  was  £467  5s.  6d.;  in  1844  it 
was  but  £443  48.  4 d.  I  visited  the  school  lately — it 
seems  to  be  well  conducted.  Although  in  a  poor 
locality,  everything  looks  trim  and  neat  about  the 
school,  and  the  children  well  taught  and  cared  for. 
The  £20  Irish,  reserved  for  sending  four  boys  to 
Trinity  College,  would  not  now  suflBce  for  one  boy,  so 
that  this  part  of  the  original  intention  is  inoperative. 

In  Dunbar  Street,  which  runs  fix)m  Douglas  Street 
to  George's  Quay,  is  the  South  Chapel,  a  large  edifice. 
Here  is  the  Dead  Christ,  a  figure  in  white  marble,  by 
Hogan  ;  and  in  Abbey  Street,  which  is  a  continuation 
of  Douglas  Street,  are  the  South  Monastery  and  Pres- 
bytery, uiid  the  South  Convent,  in  both  of  which 
establishments  a  large  number  of  poor  children,  of 
both  sexes,  receive  a  most  excellent  and  practical, 
education,   fitting  them  for  the  after-duties  of  life. 

▼01..  II.  22 


338  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

The  South  Monastery  is  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  Christian  Brothers,  with  Mr.  Townsend  as 
superior. 

Near  the  South  Monastery,  in  Cumberland  Street^  if 
the  Bed  Abbey,  already  described.  A  oonvent  of 
Augustinian  Eremites,  or  Austin  Friars,  was  founded 
here  by  Patrick  de  Courcy  in  1420.  But  one  tower  of 
the  abbey  now  stands.  The  priory,  with  its  appoi^ 
tenances,  was  granted  to  Cormac  Mac  Carthy,  Master 
of  Moume,  in  1577,  for  the  yearly  rent  of  £13  68.  8d. 
The  Eremites  disappear  from  1577  to  1741,  when  they 
turn  up  in  ^^an  obscure  nook  in  Fishamble  Lane," 
from  which  they  removed,  in  1780,  to  Brunswiok 
Street. 

In  the  Fishamble  Lane  locality,  between  Cross 
Street  and  Duncan  Street  —  formerly  called  Grattan 
Street  —  we  have  the  house  and  church  of  Franoisoan 
Friars.  They  built  their  church  in  1830,  at  a  cost  of 
£4600.  Their  original  foundation,  as  we  have  ex- 
plained in  vol.  i.,  pp.  177-179,  was  on  the  North  Mali 
It  was  called  the  ^^  Mirror  of  Ireland^  Dive  Downes,* 
the  Protestant  Bishop  of  Cork,  describes  it  in  his 
"Visitation,"  in  1700,  thus:— 

"  St.  Francis'  abbey,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Lee^ 
in  the  north  suburbs  of  Cork.  The  site  of  it  oontains 
a  few  gardens  on  the  side  of  the  hill,  near  the  abbey. 

•  DtW  Ihicnu.  I  take  this  opportnnity  of  expremng  my  great  oUigatioM  to 
the  Rev.  William  Mazicre  Brady,  of  Newmarket,  rector  of  Clonfeit,  who  kM 
furnished  me  with  a  moet  correct  and  excellent  copy  of  the  *'  Viaitatuii  of  Divt 
Downes,"  Bishop  of  Cork  and  Bk)ss  from  1691  to  1709.    The  original  maawci^ 


was  presented  to  the  Library  of  Trinity  College,  March  19th,  1849,  brj 
Moure  Kyle,  LL.D.,  Archdeacon  of  CorK,  Yicar-GeneraL  Archdaaoon  jEjjtf"^ 
the  manuscript  from  his  father,  Doctor  Kvle,  late  Bishop  of  Oork.  Tha  Vifl^ 
tion  of  Dive  Downes  is  full  of  ecclesiaitioal  statiitioBi  but  they  an  sot  dir  mtw- 
tics,  for  the  bishop  writes  in  a  natural  and  genial  way.  The  MS.  ia  wau  worth 
editing  for  the  Camden  Society,  and  we  know  of  no  one  mora  o^aUa  of  Mf 
this  work  well  than  Mr.  Brady  himdclt 


ST.    FRANCIS'    ABBEY.  339 

It  is  the  estate  of  the  Lord  Orrery.  Before  the  late 
troubles,  held  and  inhabited  by  Mr.  Bogers,  Thomas 
Cooke,  and  others.  In  King  James'  time,  a  new 
chapel  was  built  by  the  Mars  on  part  of  the  abbey, 
but  not  where  the  former  chapel  stood.  Some  friars 
lived  there  in  the  time  of  the  siege.  The  abbey,  with 
the  rest  of  the  suburbs,  was  burnt.  A  good  strong 
steeple  remains  standing.  The  chapel  that  was  lately 
built  having  been  burnt  with  the  abbey,  was  repaired 
by  Mr.  Morrison,  a  merchant,  and  is  now  used  by  him 
as  a  warehouse." 


CHAPTER    XIV. 


SAINT     FINN-BABB's. 


Gill  Abbey,  formerly  called  the  Abbey  of  St.  Finx- 
Babh,  was  the  oldest  ecclesiastical  foundation  in  Cork. 
It  stood  near  the  site  of  the  Queen's  College.  There 
is  no  portion  of  the  building  now  in  existence.  A 
Frenchman,  who  visited  Cork  in  1644,  says,  "  A  mile 
from  Korq  is  a  well  called  by  the  English  ^  Sunday 
Spring.'*  Opposite  to  this  well,  to  the  south  of  the 
sea,  are  the  ruins  of  a  monastery  founded  by  St.  Guill- 
ab^.  Here  is  a  cave  which  extends  fax  under  the 
ground,  where,  they  say,  St.  Patrick  resorted  often  for 
prayer." 

The  Frenchman  was  misinformed  respecting  the 
original  founder  of  the  abbey  of  St.  Finn-Barr.  It 
did  not  receive  the  name  of  Gill  Abbey  till  after  1170. 
St.  Finn-Barr  gave  his  name  to  both  cave  and  abbey. 
The  cave  was  called  "  Antium  Sancti  Fion  Barrie." 

Old  chroniclers  inform  us  that  seventeen  prelates 
and  seven  hundred  monks  dwelt,  at  one  time,  within 
these  walls.  Mr.  Caulfield  thinks  this  a  mistake,  and 
says  the  story  is  founded  on  a  misrepresentatioii  of  a 
passage  in  the  Litanies  of  Aengus  Eilideus,  in  which 
he  invokes  the  assistance  of  the  seventeen  bishops  and 


ST.    i^INN-BARU.  341 

seven  hundred  servants  of  God,  whose  remains  lie 
there.  The  remains  of  O'Donoghue,  King  of  Cashel, 
who  died  in  1025,  were  also  deposited  in  this  sacred 
ground.  The  abbey  got  the  name  of  Gill- Abbey  from 
Giolla  Aedh  O'Murdhin,  abbot  of  the  monastery,  and 
bishop  of  St.  Finn-Barr's,  who  died  in  1172, 

A  large  number  of  the  abbots  of  Finn-Barr^s  or  Gill- 
Abbey  became  bishops  of  Cork  and  of  the  cathedral  of 
St.  Finn-Barr^s,  and  were  styled  "Mitred  Abbots." 
We  cannot  venture  to  say  how  many,  in  the  list  with 
which  we  are  about  to  furnish  the  reader,  had  the 
honor  of  placing  epos  after  their  name,  or  a  "f  after  their 
title.  I  believe  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  Finn-Barr, 
the  '^  Fair-haired,"  or  "  Grey-haired,"  was  the  first 
Christian  bishop  of  Cork.  He  is  thought  to  have 
flourished  in  the  sixth — some  say  seventh — century. 

"  This  most  holy  and  elect  of  God,  and  most  worthy 
priest,  Barr,  was  bom  of  the  sept  called  Ibruin  Eatha 
of  Connaught.  He  chose  the  clerical  profession,  and 
became  a  pupil  of  Mac-Corb,  or  Macrobius,  who  had 
been  the  pupil  of  Gregory  the  Great.  He  migrated 
to  Munster,  where  he  lived  as  a  hermit,  in  a  cave  or 
cell,*  on  a  small  islet,  in  the  lake  now  called  Gougane 
Barra — the  lake  from  which  the  river  Lee  takes  its 
rise.  From  Gougane  Barra  he  came  to  Cork,  where 
he  established  a  large  school  or  monastery,  and  founded 
the  cathedral  of  St.  Finn  Barr's,  aroimd  which  the 
city  sprang  up.  It  was  thus  that  St.  Kevin  left  his 
rocky  bed  above  the  dark  waters  of  Glendalough,  to 

♦  A  cave  or  cell.  A  modern  writer  mentions  the  ruins  of  a  chapel  and  •*  eight 
€eBs.'*  It  is  probable  that  St.  Finn-Barr  gathered  a  few  scholars  round  him 
amon^  these  wilds,  who  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  larger  school  of  the  abbey  of 
St.  Finn-Barr,  afterwards  Gill- Abbey,  in  Cork. 


342  HI8T0BT  OF   COBK. 

found  the  city  of  the  Seven  Churches.*  It  is  in  re* 
treat  and  solitude  that  great  and  grand  ideas  are  con- 
ceived,  and  the  purpose  or  power  to  perform  them 
nurtured.  It  was  so  with  the  author  of  Christianity ; 
it  was  thirty  years  before  he  showed  himself  to  laoraeL 
It  was  so  with  God's  prophets.  It  was  so  with  the 
False  Prophet.  The  religion  of  the  Koran  was  oon* 
ceived  in  a  cave. 

We  may  here  mention  the  case  of  a  mysterious  man^ 
whom  we  may  style  St.  Finn-Barr's  successor  at  Gou- 
gane  Barra.  ^^  In  this  parish,"  says  Diye  DowneB, 
bishop  of  Cork  in  1699,  ^^  lives  Denis  Mahoney,  formerly 
priest  of  this  parish,  now  a  hermit,  who  has  built  seven 
chapels  there.  He  was  ordered,  at  Bome,  to  undergo 
the  penance  of  a  hermit,  having  been  guilty  of  fiimi- 
cation."  'Tis  said  that  St.  Finbarry,  from  a  odl  in 
this  place,  was  removed  to  the  bi^opric  of  Cork.'' 
Doctor  Smith  says  that  Father  Mahoney  *' lived  e 
hermit  in  this  dreary  spot  for  twenty-eight  years.'' 

But  Father  Mahoney  left  a  garden  where  he  fimnd 
a  wilderness,  the  trees  of  which  he  planted  with  hie 
own  hand : 

'*  There  is  a  green  island  in  lone  Gougane  Barra, 
Where  Allua  of  songs  rushes  forth  as  an  arrow ; 
In  deep-Tallied  Desmond — a  thousand  wild  foontains, 
Come  down  to  that  lake  from  their  home  in  the  mountains. 
There  grows  the  wild  ash,  and  a  time^stricken  willow. 
Looks  chidingly  down  on  the  mirth  of  the  billow ; 
As  like  some  gay  child,  that  sad  monitor  Booming, 
It  lightly  laughs  hack  to  the  laugh  of  the  morning ; 

*  Seven  Chwehee,  "  Here,  in  this  solitude,  the  saint  laid  the  ibimdatioft  ef  Ui 
monastic  establishment ;  it  grew  rapidly,  became  a  crowded  dtyi  ft  Hhool  for 
learning,  a  college  for  religion,  a  receptacle  for  holy  men,  a  MnctMiy  for  tike 
oppressed,  an  asylum  for  the  poor,  an  hospital  for  the  aiok."— JiUTt "  Mkmtf* 
Tol.  ii.  p.  214. 


FATHBK  MAHONBY.  343 


And  itf  loiM  of  dark  hills— oh !  to  see  them  all  bright^niiig, 
When  the  tempest  flings  out  its  red  hamisr  of  lightning ; 
And  the  waters  rash  down,  'mid  the  thnndei's  deep  rattle, 
like  clans  from  their  hills  at  the  Toice  of  the  battle ; 
And  brightly  the  fire-crested  billows  are  gleaming, 
And  wildly  firom  Mollagh  the  eagles  are  screaming. 
Ok  1  where  is  the  dwelling  in  TaUey  or  highland, 
80  meet  for  a  bard*  as  this  lone  little  island ! ' 


tt 


^^  Oppofdte  to  this  island/'  contmueB  Smith,  ^^  is  his 
tomb,  placed  in  a  low  little  house,  on  which  is  this 
inscription : 

^«H0C   8IBI  BT  SUCCBSSOBIBTTS  IK  EADSM    YOGATIOKB, 

MOHUiiBifTUM  iMPosurr  DoMiNTJs  DocioR  Dtonisius 
(VMahokbt  Pr£8bttbe  licit  Indignus.  An.  Dom. 
1700." 

We  conclude  from  the  ^^  Presbyter  Ueit  Indigmu^^^ 
to  which  the  words  of  Dive  Downes  give  a  peculiar 
ngnificance,  that  this  hermit  priest  died  a  sincere 
penitent.  Mr.  Windele,  who  visited  this  district  in 
1844,  could  find  no  trace  of  this  monument. 

St.  Finn-Barr  was  abbot  of  Gill- Abbey  —  for  we 
must  antedate  the  name,  to  avoid  confusion  —  and 
bishop  of  Cork  for  seventeen  years.  He  died  in  Oloyne, 
the  25th  of  September — we  cannot  say  in  what  year — 
which  is  observed  as  his  festival-t  Tradition  says 
that  his  remains  were  carried  to  Cork — ^to  Gill- Abbey, 
we  conclude — for  interment,  and  that  his  relics  were 
afterwards  deposited  in  a  silver  shrine.  Tho  Annals 
of  Innisfallen  say :    "A  fleet,  with  Dermot  O'Brien^ 

•  So  mett  for  a  bard,  Mr.  J.  J.  Callanan,  the  author  of  these  heantilhl  lines, 
was  a  DstiTe  of  Cork.  He  wrote  a  poem  called  the  *'  Recluse  of  InohidonT," 
'*  Donsl<i  Com/'  and  other  pieces  of  some  heautr.  He  was  originally  intenoed 
for  the  priesthood,  but  auittinf  Majnooth,  ent<»red  Trinity  College,  where  he  studied 
for  the  bar.     He  died  in  1829  at  Lisbon. 

t  Hu/4M(i94U,  The  1 7th  of  March,  which  is  St.  Palriek's  fMUfal,  Is  tha  daj 
of  his  death,  and  not  of  his  birth.    Some  would  laj  of  his  translation  to  hiaTtn. 


344  HISTOKT   OF   COBK. 

devasted   Cloyne^   and  carried  away   ^^the  relics  of 
Sarre  for  Cill-na-Clerich.^' 

We  are  disposed  to  view  St.  Nessan  as  St.  Finn- 
Barr's  immediate  suocessor,  Colgan  says  St.  Nessan 
was  educated  under  St.  Barr,  at  a  school  or  monastery 
founded  by  that  bishop,  near  Lough  Eire.  Nessan 
died  in  551. 

The  next  bishop  we  meet  in  the  Annals  is  under 
date  A.D.  685,  ^^Boisseni,  Abbot  of  Coroach  Mor 
[Great  Cork]  died."  This  Italian  name  is  spelt  Bnssin 
by  other  writers. 

^^A.D.  759.  Donait,  son  of  Tohenoe,  Abbot  of 
Corcach,  died." 

^^  A.D.  767.  Sealbhach,  son  of  Cualta,  Abbot  of 
Corcach,  died." 

«*  A.D.  787  [rect6  792]  Terog,  Abbot  of  Corcach,  died. 

Two  bishops  of  the  same  name,  and  apparently  sons 
of  the  same  father,  occur  next : — 

^^  A.D.  796.  Connmhach,  son  of  Donat,  Abbot  of 
Corcach  Mor,  died." 

"  A.D.  812.  [rect6  817].  Connmhach,  son  of  Donat, 
Abbot  of  Corcach,  died." 

"A.D.  821.  Forbhasach,  successor  of  Bairre,*  of 
Corcach,  died." 

^^  A.D.  850.  Colann,  son  of  Aireachtach,  Abbot  of 
Corcach,  died." 

**  A.D.  892.  Airgetan,  son  of  Forannan,  Abbot  of 
Corcach,  died." 

"  A.D.  907.  Flann,  son  of  Laegh,  Abbot  of  Coroaoh| 
died." 

*  Succestor  of  Bairre.    Comharba  does  not  ncccnarily  mean  the  imwi§imti 

"cessor. 

T0» 


AIRCHINNEAGH  OF  GOBCACH.  346 

''  A.D.  963.  Aedh,  son  of  Gairbhith,  Lord  [reot6 
A.bbot]  of  Corcach  Mor,  died." 

'*A.D.   958.    Cathmogh,   Abbot  of  Lismor,  and 
Bishop  of  Corcach,  died.'* 

"  A.D.  988.  Colum,  Airchinneach  of  Corcach,  died." 
Colnm,  who  is  here  styled  Airchioneach,  is  styled  the 
[)oarb  of  St.  Barry,  and  holy  prelate,  in  the  work 
ityled  the  War  of  the  Gaels  with  the  Danes.  ^^  The 
niro  priests  "  — who  had  witnessed  the  death  of  Molloy 
—returned  home  and  told  Colmn  Mao  Eiergan,  the 
I!oarb  of  St.  Barry,  what  had  been  done,  and  gave  him 
he  gospel,  which  was  stained  with  the  blood  of  Mahon ; 
md  the  holy  prelate  wept  bitterly,  and  uttered  a  pro- 
)hecy  concerning  the  future  &te  of  the  murderers* 
Doctor  O'Donovan  says — and  we  could  haye  no  higher 
luthority — ^that  ^^  the  Airchinnech  was  always  a  lay- 
nan,  or,  at  least,  one  who  had  merely  received  primam 
Umsuram?^  He  quotes  Sir  John  Dayies  for  the  meaning 
)f  the  term.  "  There  are  few  parishes,  of  any  compass 
)r  extent,  where  there  is  not  an  Erenach,  which,  being 
m  office  of  the  church,  took  beginning  in  this  manner: 
nrhen  any  lord  or  gentleman  had  a  direction  to  build 
i  church,  he  did  first  dedicate  some  good  portion  of 
and  to  some  saint  or  other,  whom  he  chose  to  be  his 
latron ;  then  he  founded  the  church,  and  called  it  by 
;he  name  of  that  saint,  and  then  gave  the  land  to  some 
Gierke,  not  being  in  orders,  and  to  his  heires  for  ever  j 
nth  this  intent,  that  he  should  keep  the  church  clean 
md  well  repaired,  keep  hospitality,  and  give  almes  to 
he  poore,  for  the  souPa  health  of  the  founder.  This 
nan  and  his  heires  had  the  name  of  Erenach.  The 
Srenach  was  also  to  make  a  weekly  commemoration  of 


346  HISrOBT  OF  oobk. 

the  founder  in  the  chnrch.    He  had  always  primam 
ionsuranij  but  took  no  other  orders." 

"  A.D.  1000.  Flaithemb,  Abbot  of  Corcaoh,  died." 

"  A.D.  1027.  Neil  O'Mailduib,  Abbot  of  Corcaoh, 
died." 

'' A.1).  1028.  Airtri  Sairt,  Abbot  of  Corcaoh,  died." 

^'A.D.  1034. — Cathal,  Martyr,  Airohinnftaoh  of 
Corcaoh,  died." 

'^A.l).  1036.  Ceallaoh  Ua  Sealbhaioh,  a  bishop, 
successor  of  Barri,  a  learned  senior  of  Munster,  died." 
This  Abbot  of  Cork  died  during  a  pilgrimage. 

^'A.D.  1057.  Mughron  Ua  Mutain,  successor  of 
Bairre,  noble  bishop  and  lector,  was  killed  by  robbers 
of  the  Corca-Laighthe,*  after  his  return  from  yespen." 

<<  A.D.  1057.  Dubhdalethe  Ua  Cinaad  Ha,  Aizohin- 
neach  of  Corcaoh,  died." 

"  A.1).  1085.  Clereach  Ua  Sealbhaigh,  chief  saooes- 
sor  of  Bairre,  the  glory  and  wisdom  of  Desmond, 
completed  his  life  in  this  world."  ^^  This  name  is  now 
anglicised  Shelly  and  Shallow,  without  the  prefix  Ua 
or  0^" — Dr.  ffDonavan^s  Four  Masters^  vol.  iL,  p.  92^* 

^^A.D.  1096.  Ua  Cochlain,  a  learned  bishop  and 
successor  of  Bairre,  died." 

^^A.D.  1106.  Mac  Beathadh  Bua  h  Ailgheanain, 
successor  of  Bairre,  died."  This  name  is  now  O'Hal- 
linan  and  Hallinan. — Dr.  0^  Donovan^ s  Four  MoiUri^ 
vol.  ii.,  p.  980. 

''A.D.  1111.  Patrick  O'Sealbhaigh,  Bishop  of 
Corcaoh,  died." 

•  '*  ODrea'Zaiffhiht.—T\aB  was  the  tribe-Bume  of  the  CDrinolls  aai  tihtir 
correlatives,  who  possessed  a  territory  co-extensiTe  with  the  diooese  of  Boai|  ibnniiif 
the  South- Western  portion  of  the  priesent  conn^  of  Cork."— Dr.  """  "  "" 

MoiUriy  Tol.  i.,  p.  771. 


OIOLLA   ASDHA   O'MTTIDHIN.  847 

<<A.D.  1140.  Domlinall  Ua  Sealbhaigh,  Airohin- 
neaoh  of  Coroaoh,  pillar  of  the  glory  and  splendour  of 
Vimster,  died." 

"  A.D.  1140.  The  see  of  Cork  being  vacant — Saint 
Bernard  states  —  a  certain  poor  man,  who  was  a 
idreigner,  but  a  man  of  sanctity  and  learning,  was,  by 
Malachy,  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  nominated  bishop, 
and  sent  to  that  see,  with  the  approbation  and  applause 
«f  the  clergy  and  people." 

<<  A.D.  1162.  Finn,  grandson  of  Celechar  Ua  Cein- 
neidigh,  successor  of  Colum,  and  who  had  been  a  suc- 
cessor of  Bairre,  for  a  time,  died." 

'*  A.D.  1167.  Oillaphadraig,  son  of  Bonnehadh  Mac 
Oarthaigh,  successor  of  Bairre  of  Corcaoh,  died." 

"A.D.  1172.  GioUa  Aedha*  O'Muidhin,  of  the 
&mily  of  Errew  of  Lough  Con,  Bishop  of  Cork,  died. 
He  was  a  man  full  of  the  grace  of  Ood,  the  tower  of 
the  virginity  and  wisdom  of  his  time."  This  was  the 
Oiolla  Aedha  from  whom  Gill  Abbey  derived  its  name. 
He  came  from  the  borders  of  Loch  Con,  in  the  cotmty 
Mayo.  He  was  succeeded  by  Gregory,  Bishop  of  Cork, 
who  died  in  1186.  It  was  during  his  time  that  Dermot 
Mac  Carthy,  King  of  Cork,  made  a  grant,  and  gave  a 
new  charter  to  St.  Finn-Barr^s,  or  Gill  Abbey.  We 
are  indebted  to  the  researches  of  Mr.  Daniel  Mao 
Carthy,  at  the  British  Museiun,  for  a  copy  of  this 
interesting  document.  We  give  the  translation  of  the 
Latin  copy,  marked  B.M.  Addit.  MSS.  4793,  fol.  65, 
in  the  British  Museum : — 


•  OioOm  Atdhm,  the  Kmnt  of  St  Aodk  Gillj  itill  metni  a  yoath  or  Mrrtat 
boy.  OuMa  mdh,  a  ''  red-hAured  boj;"  fiOU  Ai&A,  a  '•  Uaok-baiiwi  boy."— 
Xhr.  CtDomovan. 


348  HISTOKY  OP  CORK. 

"Thb  Ghabteb  of  Dbbmot,  Kino  of  Mctkstbb,  touchthg 
THE  Ghubch  of  St.  John  of  Cobk.*  a 

'*  Dermot,  under  favor  of  Diyine  Proyidence,  King  of  Munater, 
to  all  the  faithful  of  the  people,  as  future,  §preeting  and  peace  fiv 
ever. 

*^  Being  well  persuaded  of  the  fleeting  nature  of  human  memorj, 

and  of  the  unstable  pomp  of  a  perishable  world,  we  have  therefoce 
deemed  it  worthy  to  record  in  writing  the  affectionate  zeal  with 
which  one  Father  Cormac,  of  blessed  memory.  King  of  Mmuster, 
built  and  confided  to  the  protection  of  his  people,  the  church  of  St 
John  the  Apostle  and  Evangelist  at  Cork,  for  the  use  of  Archbuhi^ 
Maurice  and  his  successors,  and  for  the  pilgrims  out  of  Ckmnaught, 
the  compatriots  of  St.  Barry.f 

*'  And  now  having  succeeded  to  our  paternal  kingdom,  relying 
upon  the  Divine  assistance,  we  have  imdertaken,  for  the  health  of 
our  soul,  and  of  the  souls  of  our  parents,  to  defend  the  said  chureh 
in  such  manner  as  it  becometh  royal  mimificence  to  do,  and  to  re- 
edify  and  enlarge  the  same  in  honor  of  the  saints  under  whose  pro- 
tection the  said  place  is  known  to  be  :  Be  it  therefore  known  to  all 
the  faithful,  that  we  do  confirm,  for  all  time  to  oome  to  the  Hud 
foundation,  all  that  the  said  place  now  justly  possesses,  either  by 
the  paternal  donation,  or  by  the  grants  of  other  kings;  for  my 
glorious  father  the  king,  bestowed  upon  the  said  place  LysnoldBrhy 
and  Diarmid  O'Connor  endowed  it  with  Aillina  Carrigh. 

"  And  be  it  known,  furthermore,  that  we  have  ourselves  granted 
to  the  said  pilgrims  the  lands  of  Ilia,  and  by  this  our  charter  do 
confirm  the  same :  and  our  illustrious  son,  Cormac  4  et  the  request 
of  Catholicus,  Archbishop  of  Tuam,  granted  in  perpetuity  to  God 
and  St.  John,  the  lands  of  Maeldulgi,  for  the  health  of  his  soul  and 
ours,  to  be  enjoyed  freely  and  without  molestation,  and  exempt  from 
all  secular  services,  which  grant  of  said  lands  we  also  hereby  con- 
firm. 

*  Chureh  of  St  John  of  Cork,  Arohdall  informs  ug  that  the  abbey  of  8t  Bur, 
or  Gill  AbbcYf  was  reformed  for  regular  cannons,  under  the  invocation  of  St.  Joka 
the  Baptist,  Iby  Cormac,  king  of  Cork. 

t  PUgrima  otU  of  Connaught,  the  compatriots  of  St.  Barry,  St  Finn-fiiir  was 
bom  in  Connaught,  near  the  site  of  the  town  of  Oalwaj. 

X  Ilitutruma  son,  Cbrmae.  This  was  the  iUuttriafUiie  who  lo«t  hii  hetd  Ibr 
his  unnatural  rebellion  against  his  father,  Dermot,  whom  he  seised  and  otst  info 
prison.  *■*■  Cormachofl  in  perfidia  instinctus  fhrore  perBorerana,  credideDi  ^^**»^ 
copit  atque  in  carcerem  conjecet." — Stamhurrt. 


KING  dermot's  charteb.  349 

''  Now,  finally,  we  do  take  under  our  protection  the  said  monas- 
tery, with  the  aforesaid  lands,  which  we  exempt  from  all  secular 
charge,  and  yield  freely  and  peaceably  to  God  for  all  time  to  come. 
Ind  lest  at  any  time  any  one  should  presume  to  call  in  question  the 
ruth  of  those  former  grants,  or  of  this  our  present  grant,  we  have 
inthenticated  this  charter  with  the  impression  of  our  seal,  and 
leliTcred  it,  in  the  presence  of  fitting  witnesses,  to  the  pil  of  Con- 
laught  to  be  preserved. 

"  The  witnesses  are  the  following  of  clergy  and  people : — 

"  Christian,  Bishop  of  Lismore  and  Legate  of  the 
Apostolic  See 
DoNAT,  Archbishop  of  Cashel 
Gbegobt,  Bishop  of  Cork 
Bbicius,  Bishop  of  Limerick 
Benedict,  Bishop  of  Ross 
Mathew,  Bishop  of  Cloyne 
DoNAT,  Abbot  of  Mayo 
Gkeooby,  Abbot  of  Cong 
Eugene,  Bishop  of  Ardmore.*' 

"A.D.  1204.  Keginald,  Bishop  of  Cork,  died." 
"  A.D.  1205.  O'Sealbhaigh,  Bishop  of  Cork,  died." 
A.D.  1216.  It  was  about  this  time  that  Henry  III., 
of  England,  wrote  to  the  Archbishops  of  Dublin  and 
Cashel  desiring  that  one  Geolffry  White  should  be  con- 
secrated Bishop  of  Cork,  he  being  "  a  learned,  honest, 
and  provident  man"     This  bishop  died  in  1221. 

"A.D.  1224.  Maurice,  or  Marian  O'Brien,  after 
being  three  years  Bishop  of  Cork,  was  translated  to  the 
lee  of  Cashel." 

"A.D.  1238.  Gilbert,  Bishop  of  Cork,  died.  He 
iiad  been  Archdeacon  of  Cork,  and  was  appointed  to 
the  see  in  1225." 

"A.D.  1264.  Lawrence,  Bishop  of  Cork,  died." 
"  A.D.  1266.  William  of  Jerpoint,  in  the  county  of 


350  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

Xilkenny,  a  Cistercian  monk,  succeeded  this  year  to 
the  see  of  Cork.    He  died  the  next  year,  in  1267. 

A.D.  1267.  Beginald,  who  had  been  Treasurer  of 
Cashel,  succeeded  this  year  to  the  see  of  Cork|  and 
died  in  1276. 

A.D.  1277.  Bobert  or  Richard  Donough,  a  Cisterman 
monk,  succeeded  Reginald  this  year.  It  was  in  this 
bishop's  time,  between  the  years  1288  and  1291,  that 
the  dioceses  of  Cork,  Cloyne,  and  Boss,  were  yaloed, 
by  direction  of  Pope  Nicholas  lY.  The  tithes  of  Eng- 
land and  Ireland  had  been  granted  to  Edward  I.,  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  his  expedition  to  the  Holy- 
Land. 

Bobert  or  Bichard  Donough,  Bishop  of  Cork,  died 
in  1301,  and  was  succeeded^  in  1S02,  by  John  Mao 
Carwill,  or  0' Carroll,  who  had  been  formerly  Dean  of 
Cork.  He  resigned  in  1321,  having  been  translated 
to  CasheL 

O'Carroll  was  succeeded  in  the  diocese  of  Oork  in 
1321  by  Philip  of  Slane,  a  Dominican  friar,  who  died 
in  1326. 

'^  A.D.  1326.  John  le  Blond,  Dean  of  aoyne,  was 
elected  this  year,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  he  was 
consecrated.     He  died  in  1327. 

'<  A.D.  1327.  Walter  le  Bede,  or  Bufds,  Canon  of 
Cork  Cathedral,  succeeded  this  year  to  the  biahoptic, 
but  was  translated  to  Cashel  in  1330. 

^^  A.D.  1330.  John  of  Bally coningham  suooeeded 
Walter  le  Bede,  and  died  in  1347.  This  bishop  got 
into  trouble,*    John,  Bishop  of  Cork,  became  liable  to 

*  Into  tnmbU,  An  Abbot  of  Cork  was  indicted  in  ISOO  for  reeeiTiiig  tad  pro* 
tecting  thieves  and  felons,  but  having  pleaded  the  payment  of  a  iaasm  Sb%  tlw 
jury  acquitted  }am,'^Wmdtl$f  p.  78. 


UNION   OF  CLOTNB  AND   ROSS.  361 

the  king  for  one  hundred  shillings,  in  oonsequence  of 
the  escape  and  death  of  John  Fitz-John  Martel,  a  felon 
who,  being  a  literary  person,  had  been  committed  to 
file  bishop's  care.  But  this  the  bishop  denied.  Mar- 
tel  had  been  slain  while  escaping  from  prison. 

"  A.D.  1338.  Thomas,  an  abbot*  of  Finn-Barr,  in- 
dieted  John  Fitz- Water,  and  others,  for  cutting  down 
a  number  of  trees  in  his  wood  at  Cloghan — ^the  present 
upper  Mardyke  fields — to  the  value  of  one  hundred 
ehiUings. 

^^  A.D.  1347.  John  de  Bupe,  or  Boche,  Canon  of  the 
cathedral,  succeeded  this  year  to  the  bishopric,  and 
died  in  1358. 

<<  AD.  1369.  Oerald  de  Barry,  Dean  of  Cork,  suc- 
ceeded this  year  to  the  bishopric,  and  died  in  1393. 

^^  A.D.  1396.  Boger  EUesmere  became  bishop  this 
year,  and  died  in  1406. 

A.D.  1406.  Gerald  succeeded  this  year  to  the  see 
of  Cork. 

A.D.  1414.  Patrick  Bagged  became  Bishop  of  Cork 
this  year,  and  attended  the  Council  of  Constance, 
^^  where,  for  his  learning  and  other  virtues,  he  acquired 
a  great  esteem."  He  was  translated  to  the  see  of 
Ossory  in  1417,  which  he  occupied  for  four  years. 

Miles  Fitz-John  succeeded  to  the  bishopric  of  Cork 
in  1418,  and  died  in  1430. 

THE  UNION  OP   CLOYNB  AND  BOSS. 

"  Upon  the  death  of  Miles,"  writes  Sir  James  Ware, 
"  the  temporals  was  for  a  time  committed  to  Nicholas, 

*  An  Mot.  O'Fin  was  abbot  in  1367,  Maurice  in  1359;  the  lune  year 
William;  Nicholas  from  1377  to  1403 ;  and  Thady  O'Calby  in  1418. 


352  HISTORY    OP   COBK. 

Bishop  of  Ardfert,  and  Bichard  Surlay,  Archdeacon  of 
Cork ;  but  before  the  end  of  the  year  1430,  Jordan, 
Chancellor  of  Limerick,  was  promoted  by  Pope  Martin 
y.  to  the  sees  of  Cork  and  Cloyne,  both  being  vacant, 
and  then  canonically  united  ;  yet  he  was  not  restored 
to  the  temporals  till  the  26th  of  September,  14S1.  He 
sat  more  than  thirty  years," 

A.D.  1479.  Gerald  Fitzgerald  succeeded  to  the  sees 
of  Cork  and  Cloyne,  and  died  in  1479.  "He  appro- 
priated," says  Ware,  "  the  vicarages  of  Clonmot, 
Damgin,  Donilbam,  and  Bally-Ispellary,  to  the  Abby 
de  Chore  Benedict!." 

A.D.  1479.  William  Eoche  succeeded  this  year  to 
the  sees  of  Cork  and  Cloyne.    Hesigned  in  1490. 

A.D.  1490.  Thady  Mac  Carthy  succeeded  to  the 
bishopric  this  year,  and  died  in  1499. 

A.D.  1499  -1536.  Thady  Mac  Carthy  succeeded 
Gerald,  who  resigned  the  same  year,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  John  Fitz-Edmund  Fitzgerald,  who  died  in 
1536. 

A.D.  1536—1556.  Dominick  Tirry,  Eector  of 
Shandon  church,  was  elected  successor  to  Fitzgerald, 
by  command  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  was  consecrated  by 
Edward  Butler,  Archbishop  of  Cashel,  and  the  Bishops 
of  Boss,  Limerick,  and  Emly.  Pope  Paul  III.  also 
appointed  his  bishop — Lewis  Mac  Namara — ^the  24th 
of  September,  1540.  Mac  Namara  died  at  Borne,  and 
John  Hoyedon  was  appointed— by  the  pope— on  the 
5th  of  November,  1540.  Dominick  Tirry,  the  king's 
bishop,  held  the  see  and  revenues  for  twenty  years. 

A.D.  1557  —1570.  Boger  Skiddy,  Dean  of  Lime- 
rick, was  appointed  successor  to  Tirry  by  Queen  Mary, 


BISHOPS  09  OOBK,   OLOTNE,   AND  BOSS.  S5S 

md  restored  to  the  temporals  the  18th  of  IToyember, 
1667.  He  was  bishop  more  than  nine  years,  and  then 
iwigned,  after  Mary's  death.  The  see  was  vaoant 
nearly  four  years  after  his  resignation. 

AJ).  1670.  Biohard  Dixon,  prebend  of  Bathmiohael, 
in  the  diooese  of  Dublin,  was  oonseorated  bishop,  and 
deprived  within  a  year.  Doctor  Smith  says — we  do 
not  know  cm  what  authority— he  was  deprived  '^  for 
popery."  We  have  shewn,  from  state  papers,  (see  vol. 
Ly  pp.*  220-221)  that  he  was  depriyed  for  keeping  '^a 
woman  of  suspected  life,"  he  having  ^'  a  married  wife." 

A.D.  1672-1682.  Dixon  was  succeeded  by  Matthew 
Cheyne,  who  died  on  the  13th  of  June,  1682,  some  say 
1583.  This  was  the  man  who  burned  the  image  of  St. 
Dominick  at  the  High  Cross  of  Cork.*  Edmond 
Tanner  was  Catholic  Bishop  of  Cork  this  year. 

BISHOPS  OF  COREy   OLOTNE,   AND  BOSS. 

A.D.  1682-1617.  William  Lyon,  Bishop  of  Boss, 
succeeded  this  year  to  the  sees  of  Cork  and  Cloyne, 
and  held  the  three  until  his  death,  in  1617.  Lyon 
was  a  native  of  Cheshire,  a  yicar  of  Naas,  and  chaplain 
to  Arthur  Lord  Grey,  the  "Talus  of  the  Iron  Flail," 
of  Spenser. 

Lyon  took  an  aotive  part  in  the  politics  of  the  day. 
We  learn  from  Sir  William  Herbert's  letter  to  Sir 
Francis  Walsingham,  that  Florence  Mac  Carthy's  first 
arrest  was  arranged  by  this  churchman.  He  speaks, 
in  1688,  of  '^  Florence  Mak  Cartye,  whom  the  Bishop 
of  Corke  tooke."  It  would  appear  as  if  Sir  William 
had  no  great  opinion  of  the  Irish  Protestant  bishops 

•  ni§h  Cfou  of  CbrA.— We  oonelnde,  from  amip  in  the FMtU Hibenia,  tbii 
tbii  crost  ttood  ia  what  if  now  called  the  Corn-market 

VOL.  II.  23 


354  HISTORY   OF  COBK. 

of  his  day.  '^  Amonge  many  defects  I  fynde  in  these 
parts,  I  fynde  none  more  than  of  a  good  bishop,  which 
I  wish  to  be  an  Irishman,  for  soe  might  he  doe  most 
goode." 

Bishop  Lyon  expended  £300  on  the  bishop's  house 
at  Boss,  which,  Ware  says,  was  burnt  three  years 
after  by  Doncoim,  the  rebel,*  The  bishop  died  at 
an  advanced  age,  on  the  4  th  of  October,  1617,  and  was 
buried  in  St.  Finn-Barr's  cathedral.  There  is  a  very 
good  picture!  ^^  ^^  bishop  in  the  present  bishop's 
palace. 

"  A.D.  1618-1620.  John  Boyle,  brother  to  Eobert, 
Earl  of  Cork,  was  ordained  bishop  in  1618,  and  died 
in  1620.     He  was  buried  in  Toughal." 

^'A.D.  1620-1636.  Bichard  Boyle  succeeded  his 
cousin  John,  and  after  filling  the  office  for  sixteen 
years  was  translated  to  the  see  of  Tuam.  He  died  in 
Cork,  the  19th  of  March,  1644,  and  was  buried  in  the 
Cathedral  of  St.  Finn-Barr,  in  a  tomb  which  he  had 
prepared  for  himself.  Doctor  Edward  "Worth,  who 
preached  his  funeral  sermon,  said  he  had  repaired 
more  decayed  churches,  and  consecrated  new  one8| 
while  he  was  bishop  of  Cork,  than  any  other  bishop 
of  his  time. 

BISHOP   OF   CORK   AND   ROSS. 

«  A.D.  1638-1648.  Bichard  Chapell,  Dean  of  Cashel, 
and  Provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  was  consecrated 

*  Doncottn  the  rebel.  Rend  *<  Donnell  O'Donovani  who  racceedcd  ai  eliuf  of 
his  name  in  1584." — Dr,  Ihnot'an. 

f  Good  picture.  One  of  the  fingers  seems  to  hare  been  romoTed,  bat  the  h$aA 
has  Jive  finders  and  the  supernumerary  stump.  The  idea  of  his  having  been  a 
sailor  or  admiral  ma^r  have  sprung  out  of  tliis  stump.  Now  that  the  iloiy  hM 
been  fairly  sot  goin^^,  it  alford;}  it  the  most  substantial  support. 


BISHOPS   OF   COEE   AND   ROSS.  355 

Bishop  of  Cork  and  Boss,  the  11th  of  Octoher,  1638. 
We  do  not  know  how  the  gap  of  over  two  years — 
from  Boyle's  elevation  to  Tuam,  in  1636,  to  Chapell's 
appointment — was  filled  up.  He  was  a  great  contro- 
yersialist.  Dr.  Boberts  fell  into  a  swoon  or  fit,  when 
apposing  him  at  Cambridge,  in  the  presence  of  James 
L  The  king  then  took  up  the  cudgels  and  was  worsted. 
The  titular  Dean  of  Cork  refused  to  enter  the  lists 
with  him  at  a  later  period,  pleading  that  the  Protestant 
iRflhop  always  killed  his  respondent.  Chapell  retired 
to  England  during  the  civil  war,  and  died  in  Derby  in 
1648,  leaving  any  property,  of  which  he  was  possessed, 
to  charitable  and  pious  objects. 

BISHOPS   OF   CORE,    CLOTNE   AXD   ROSS. 

"  A.D.  1648-1663.  We  have  no  bishop  from  1648 
to  the  2Tth  of  January,  1660 — a  space  of  twelve  years 
—when  Michael  Boyle  was  consecrated,  who  was  trans- 
lated to  Dublin  in  1663." 

"  A.D.  1663-1678.  Edward  Synge  was  consecrated 
biihop  in  December,  1663,  and  died  in  Cork,  the  22nd 
of  December,  1678." 

THE   BISHOPS   OF   CORK   AND   ROSS. 

A.D.  1678.  Edward  Wetenhall,  or  Wethenhale,  was 
consecrated  Bishop  of  Cork  and  Koss  the  14th  of  Feb., 
1678.  He  was  born  at  Litchfield,  October  7th,  1636. 
Ware  says,  "  He  immediately  set  upon  the  rebuilding 
the  ancient  ruinous  house  called  Bishops'  Court," 
where  he  resided.  Wetenhall  fell  into  the  hands  of 
James's  adherents  during  the  siege  of  Cork  in  1690. 
"  In  the  morning  [the  27th  of  September]  our  heavy 
cannon  were  landed  near  the  Rod-Cow,  by  Red-Cow 


356  HISTORY   OF  CORK, 

Abbey ;  and  there  a  battery  was  raised  of  thirty-six 
pouaderSy  which  playing  against  the  wall  soon  made  it 
tumble;  whereupon  the  enemy  let  the  bishop  oome 
to  uSy  whom  they  had  made  prisoner  in  the  city,  with 
all  the  clergy,  and  about  1,300  of  the  Protestants," — 
Rowland  Davies^  JoumaL 

A.D.  1699.  Doctor  Wetenhall  was  succeeded  by 
Doctor  Dive  Do^vnes*  in  1699.  This  bishop,  who  is 
best  known  by  his  interesting  journal,  which  contains 
the  visitation  of  all  the  parishes  of  Cork  and  Boss, 
was  bom  at  Thomby,  in  Northamptonshire.  He  was 
a  fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  He  held  the 
Archdeaconry  of  Dublin  from  1690  to  1699,  when  he 
was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Cork. 

"A.D.  1709-1735.  Peter  Brown,  who  had  been  a 
provost  of  Trinity  College,  succeeded  Dive  Downes. 
He  was  as  resolute  to  keep  the  sword  and  macet 
without  his  jurisdiction  as  his  predecessor.  Aldennan 
"W.  Ffrench  having  lost  his  wife,  writes  the  bishop, 
'  Since  it  hath  pleased  Almighty  God  to  take  to  him- 
self my  companion,  and  having  a  desire  to  doe  her  the 
last  office  as  decently  as  I  could  so,  I  would  beg  of 
your  lordship  that  the  mayor,  with  his  sword  and 
mace,  may  accompany  the  funeral  to  the  grave.'  The 
bishop  positively  refuses,  and  takes  a  note  or  makes 
an  entry  of  it,  which  he  dates  April  11th,  1721.     The 

*  Live  Doicnes. — He  was  a  clergyman's  son.  Ills  family  waa  originaUr  from 
Suffolk.  IIo  married  four  times.  ]iis  tliird  wife  was  daughter  of  Thomu  Beclur, 
of  this  county,  and  his  fourth,  daughter  of  the  19th  Earl  of  Kildare.  He  lift  a 
son  and  daughter.  His  grandsoc,  William  Downes,  was  Lord  Cbdef-Jiutiee  flf 
the  Court  of  King's  Beuch,  and  w;u  created  fiaron  Downos.  The  title  ii  now 
held  hy  a  grandson  of  Dive  Downes'  daugliter,  Anno,  who  miniGd  Thomai  Bngki 
of  Kildare. 

t  Stcftrd  and  mace.  When  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  who  itood  up  ftv  hia  pri- 
vileges in  the  same  way,  was  asked  at  dinner  if  ho  would  take  ionp,  "  Oh  jmf* 
whispered  his  servant,  *'  if  there  is  no  tnaet  in  it ;  the  bishop  doet  not  like 


f 


CORK,    CLOYNE,    AND  BOSS  UNITED-  857 


corporation  of  Cork  granted  him  the  ground  on  which 
6t  Paul's  church  is  built.     He  died  1735. 

"  A.D.  1735.  Eobert  Clayton,  Bishop  of  Killala, 
SQOoeeded  to  the  sees  of  Cork  and  £oss  in  this  year, 
and  was  translated  to  that  of  Clogher  in  1746." 

"AJD.  1745.  Eobert  Clayton  was  succeeded  this 
by  Jemmet  Brown,  who  was  translated  to  Elphin 

1772.  It  was  in  his  time  that  bells  were  put  up  at 
fit.  Finn-Barr's."  Philip  Luckombe,  who  visited  Cork 
in  1779,  says,  ^^  I  have  not  heard  a  bell  in  any  of  the 
churches  too  good  for  the  dinner-bell  of  a  country 
s^oire." 

'^A.D.  1772-1831.  Jemmet  Brown  was  succeeded 
by  Isaac  Mann  in  1772 ;  who  was  succeeded  in  1789 
by  Euseby  Cleaver ;  who  was  succeeded  in  the  same 
year  by  William  Foster;  who  was  succeeded  in  1790 
by  William  Bennett;  who  was  succeeded  in  1794  by 
the  Hon.  Thomas  Stopford;  who  was  succeeded  in 
1805  by  Lord  John  G.  Bercsford ;  who  was  succeeded 
in  1807  by  the  Hon.  Thomas  St.  Lawrence,  who  died 
in  1831." 


TUE  BISHOPS   OF   CORK,    CLOTNE   AND   ROSS. 

"A.D.  1831-1847.  Samuel  Kyle  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Cork  and  Boss  in  1831 ."  Cloyne  was  again 
united  to  those  sees  in  1835. 

"  A.D.  1848,  Dr.  Wilson  succeeded  Dr.  Kyle. 

"  A.D.  1857.  Dr.  William  Fitzgerald,  the  present 
bishop,  succeeded  Dr.  Wilson.^* 

We  are  unable  to  give  the  date  of  the  first  erection 
of  St.  Finn-Barr's  Cathedral.    The  present  church  is 


M 


358  nisTORT  OP  cobk. 


of  comparatively  recent  erection.  The  churcli  of  1690 
received  so  much  injury  during  the  siege,  that,  with 
the  exception  of  the  steeple,  it  was  taken  down  in 
1725,  and  rebuilt  in  1735.  The  steeple  is  of  more 
ancient  date.  A  round  tower  stood  in  the  ohnrch-' 
yard,  of  which  no  vestige  now  exists.  M.  de  la 
BouUaye  le  Oouz,  a  Frenchman,  who  travelled  in 
Ireland  in  1644,  published  a  work  in  Paris  in  1653, 
in  which  he  makes  mention  of  this  round  tower. 
"  In  one  of  the  suburbs  of  Korq,  there  is  an  old  tower, 
ten  or  twelve  feet  in  circumference,  and  more  than 
one  hundred  feet  high,  which  they  conscientioosly 
believe  to  have  been  built  by  St.  Baril,  without  lime 
or  stone,  to  prove  by  this  miracle  his  religion ;  then 
it  was  lopped,  or  half  destroyed,  by  the  same  saint, 
who  jumped  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  it,  and 
imprinted  the  mark  of  his  foot  on  a  flint  stone,  where 
the  old  women  go  with  great  devotion  to  say  their 
prayers."  Hanmer  calls  it  a  "watch  tower,  built 
by  the  Danes."  It  is  marked  on  old  maps  of  the  city, 
as  the  *^  spire." 

Dive  Downes  describes  the  parish  thus: — '*This 
parish  extends  to  the  western  stone  bridge,  and  so 
runs  by  the  west  end  of  the  stone  pElizabeth]  fort  up 
to  the  sign  of  the  Mitre,  from  thence  to  Oallows-green 
and  the  Spittal  lands,  and  to  Eillindrindownagh  lands, 
belonging  to  St.  Dominick's  Abbey.  Here  some  small 
fields  and  a  smaU  street,  which  are  in  this  pariah,  are 
not  in  the  manor  of  St.  Barry's,  but  in  the  city«  All 
the  rest  of  this  parish,  together  with  several  other 
lands  in  several  other  parishes,  belong  to  the  manor  of 
St.  Barry's. 


r 


DIYB  DOWNES'   DIABT.  S69 


'*  The  tythe  belonging  to  the  JBoonomy  in  this  parish 
is  worth  about  £40  per  annum.  The  tythe  belonging 
to  the  Ticar's  ehoral  in  this  parish  is  worth  about  £80 
per  annum. 

^^There  was  one  mass-house  in  this  parish.  'Tis 
BOW  ruinous.  No  meeting  house  in  this  parish.  In 
8L  Barry's  'tis  thought  there  are  two  Papists  for  one 
Ptotestant  There  are  not  above  four  or  five  fiunilies 
of  DissentingProtestants  in  this  and  the  united  parishes. 
The  parishes  of  8t  John,  Binn-Mahon,  St.  Stephen^ 
fit.  Nicholas,  St.  Mary  de-Karde— where  the  king's 
stone  fort  stands — haye  been  united  time  out  of  mind 
tothis  parish. 

^^  When  Bishop  Michael  Boyle  was  herOi  he  lived  in 
ihe  city.  The  bishop  and  mayor  used  to  go  to  St. 
Barry's  church  together.  When  they  came  to  the 
middle  of  the  eastern  stone  bridge,  the  bishop  took  the 
ligjht  hand  of  the  mayor,  and  the  sword  and  other 
ensigns  were  left  in  Alderman  Field's  house,  at  the 
foot  of  the  bridge,  till  they  returned  from  church. 
Captain  Hayes  says  he  has  seen  this  twenty  times 
done. 

'^  The  lands  of  the  parish  of  St.  Barry  belong  chiefly 
to  the  Bishop  of  Cork,  the  Earl  of  Cork,  Dean  Davys, 
Ignatius  Gold,  lately  forfeited  to  the  king.  Captain 
Travcrs,  Mr.  Pigott,  Alderman  Chartres,  and  Mr. 
Webber. 

*^  Colman  Sarsfield  is  Popish  priest  of  this  and  the 
united  parishes.  He  has  been  here  about  four  or  five 
years.  He  has  a  mass-house  near  Bed  Abbey.  He 
was  bred  at  Bordeaux,  in  France,  in  the  Irish  seminary. 
Sarsfield,  the  priest  of  this  parish,  says  nuuss  twice 


360  HISTORY   OF   CORK, 

every  Sunday  moming ;  and  the  rest  of  the  priests  in 
Ireland,  by  order  from  the  Pope,  have  the  privilege  of 
saying  two  masses  in  one  day,  by  reason  of  the  great 
extent  of  most  parishes  or  unions." 

Although  he  calls  the  Catholics  papists,  a  habit  then 
in  vogue,  he  was  not  a  man  of  an  unkind  or  anti- 
Catholio  spirit.  Speaking  of  the  parish  of  Ardnageehy, 
and  of  its  inhabitants,  he  tells  us  that  David  Tenjf^ 
papist^  ffives  the  seventh  part  of  his  milk  to  the  poor. 

The  journal  contains  some  curious  illustrations  of 
the  state  of  society  in  1699.  Twenty  pounds  was 
given  at  this  time  for  bringing  in  a  Tory.  Teige  Daah 
was  prosecuted  for  having  a  harper  playing  in  his 
house  on  Sunday.  The  following  fees  claimed  by  the 
Vicar  of  Abbeystowry,  reminds  us  of  the  hangman's 
perquisites : — 

"  The  rector  or  vicar  usually  demands,  besides  bury- 
ing fees,*  when  the  man  of  the  family,  or  widow,  dies 
worth  £5,  the  sum  of  18s.  4d.  as  a  mortuary.  If  the 
man  dies  worth  less  than  £6,  they  demand  his  second- 
best  suit  of  clothes,  or  6s.  8d.  in  lieu  thereof.  This 
has  been  adjudged  by  the  bishop's  court  to  be  due,  and 
is  usually  received,  especially  by  the  lay  impropriators^ 
where  there  is  no  vicaridge  endowed.  The  fees  for 
burials,  &c.,  are  not  the  same  in  all  parishes.  The 
same  is  observed  in  tything  of  pigs." 

The  remains  of  distinguished  men  are  but  thinly 
scattered  through  the  churchyard  of  St.  Finn-Ban's. 
One  of  the  stones  bears  this  inscription — 

^*  Hero  lies  a  branch  of  Desmond's  race, 
In  Hiomas  UoUand's  burial  place/' 

*  Burying  feea.  Bailies,  in  Scotland,  at  one  time,  demanded  the  ^^  Strial  kmu^" 
or  cow,  i.e.  the  best  in  the  possession  of  the  tenant  when  he  died. 


w 

f 


JOHN   BEBNABD  TBOTTER.  361 


John  Bernard  Trotter,*  the  author  of  "Walks  through 
Ireland,"  lies  here.  He  was  a  descendant  of  one  of 
the  Earls  of  Qowry,  the  nephew  of  a  bishop,  and  the 
friend  and  private  secretary  of  Charles  James  Fox, 
whose  eyes  he  closed  in  death.  He  died  himself  in 
the  utmost  misery  on  Hammond's  Marsh.  "  He  waa 
m  man,"  says  Doctor  Walsh,  "  of  cultivated  mind,  high 
honor,  warm  sensibilities,  and  liberal  endowments— 
starting  into  life  with  all  the  advantages  that  could 
flatter  an  aspiring  mind— connections,  fortune,  in- 
toast,  talent,  and  personal  merit,  and  seeming  to 
touch  the  very  point  vllich  placed  him  on  the  pinnacle 
of  his  hopes.  Yet,  without  any  known  demerit,  he 
was  suddenly  thrust  from'  his  place  ;  and  after  sinking 
through  all  the  gradations  of  a  life,  short  as  to  time, 
but  long  indeed  in  chequered  scenes  of  varied  misery, 
he  was  shamefully  suflfered  to  perish  in  the  vigour  of 
life— the  victim  of  actual  want,  the  pauper-patient  of 
a  dispensary.  A  poor  orange  woman  was  greatly 
attached  to  him,  and  brought  him  every  day  during 
his  illness  her  best  fruit,  for  which  she  would  receive 
no  compensation.  Though  apparently  in  good  health 
she  pined  away  as  his  malady  increased ;  when  he  died 
her  strength  sunk  rapidly,  and  at  the  end  of  six  days 
she  died  also,  of  no  apparent  ailment  but  excessive 
grief."  He  expressed  a  wish  to  be  buried  among  the 
elm  trees  which  shade  the  walk.  "  The  breeze,'^ 
says  he,  "as  it  murmurs  through  the  leaves,  will  sooth 
my  weary  spirit." 

*  John  Itrmard  Trotter.  The  first  who  bore  the  surname  gained  it  by  rulmg 
kmrd  U>  serve  hin  kiog,  James  III.  of  Sootlandf  who  ever  aller  called  him  "Trot- 
t<-r."  The  author  of  thia  history  is  called  Bemardy  aftar  John  Bernard  Trotter, 
whri  was  his  ^Mifather.  Would  ue  had  known  of  hif  distreH,  which  he  concealed 
fr"ni  hi«  friends  and  relatives. 


CHAPTER  XV. 


queen's     college  —  AOBICULTUBAL     FA.BM  —  0A0L8  —  THB 
NOBTHEBN   STJBirBBS   OF   SUNDAY' 8- WELL  AND   OLAKKIBB. 

On  the  classic  ground  of  Gill-Abbey,  and  at  no  great 
distance  from  its  original  site,  stands  the  Queen's 
College,  Cork.*  This  beautiful  and  chaste  building 
is  in  the  florid  Gothic  style.  It  occupies  the  three 
sides  of  a  quadrangle.  The  front,  or  north  wing» 
which  contains  the  library  and  examination  hall,  is 
two  hundred  feet  in  length.  You  enter  beneath  the 
arch  of  a  noble  tower.  The  library  is  a  handsome,^ 
though  not  a  large  room ;  the  examination  hall,  a  noble 
structure,  90  feet  long,  36  feet  wide,  and  66  feet  high. 
The  museum  occupies  two  beautiful  apartments,  and 
contains  a  valuable  and  interesting  collection  of  mine- 
rals and  fossils.  The  president.  Sir  Eobert  Kane,  and 
the  vice-president.  Doctor  Eyall,  have  their  resi- 
dences in  the  college.  The  whole  literary  staff  of  this 
institution  stands  deservedly  high  in  public  estimation. 
Indeed  some  of  them  possess  an  European  fiame.  The 
following  tables  give  the  number  of  matriculated  stu- 
dents, from  the  opening  of  the  college  in  1849  to 
1860 :— 

*  Quccn't  OolUge  was  built  by  Mr.  John  Butler,  from  a  design  bj  Sir  ThoDM 

Beauc. 


r" 


OUmSN'S  00£LBaB,   OOSK. 


368 


TKARft. 

^t^>^^if^ 

Ohoreh. 

DvonlBstloMk 

TOTAL. 

1849-60       - 

38 

26 

6 

69 

1860-61       - 

63 

40 

10 

118 

1861-62       - 

62 

43 

10 

116 

1862-63       - 

66 

40 

13 

109 

1868-64 

64 

88 

11 

118 

1864-66 

66 

46 

9 

120 

1866-66       - 

78 

62 

9 

149 

1866-67       - 

61 

60 

18 

139 

1867-68       - 

67 

64 

14 

126 

1868-69 

60 

62 

13 

126 

1869-60       - 

71 

63 

16 

140 

Total^  -      676  612  129  1,817 

The  following  talm  gives  the  number  of  dasseB,  fhe 
number  of  lectures  deliTered,  and  the  number  of  stu- 
dents attending  for  the  year  1858-1869.  I  believe 
the  number  of  students  has  increased  since : — 


Niunlwr 

Ktunbtf 

Nmnlwr 

BKANCHKA   OF  INSTRUCTION. 

liMtUZM 

of 
LcetQiw 

StQdMti 

WMkly. 

ddiTWWi* 

attcodtns 

- 

- 

9 

186 

32 

Latin  Langoago 

- 

- 

9 

167 

88 

EngliBh  Language 

- 

- 

3 

82 

27 

History  and  Enghsh . 

Literature 

8 

68 

9 

French  Language 

- 

- 

8 

152 

86 

Celtic  Languages 

- 

- 

6 

149 

8 

Hathematics 

- 

«• 

8 

186 

52 

Natural  Philoaophy 

- 

- 

8 

246 

61 

Chemistry 

- 

- 

3 

70 

48 

Practical  Chemistry 

- 

- 

4 

46 

16 

Zoology  and  Botany 

- 

- 

8 

70 

82 

Physical  Geography 

- 

«• 

8 

12 

6 

Geology  and  Mineralogy 

- 

3 

74 

14 

Logic 

- 

- 

8 

87 

9 

Metaphysics 

- 

• 

6 

116 

6 

Civil  Engineering 

- 

- 

8 

188 

25 

364  nisTORT  OF  cork. 

Number     Nmnlier      Nomber 
BRANCHES  OF  INSTRUCTION.  j^,^     j^J^     g^^^ 

Weekly.    deliTerod.  ftttendiBt. 

Agriculture                    -         .        -  3  182  10 

Anatomj  and  Physiology       -        -  5  104  44 

Practical  Anatomy        ...  5  120  84 

Surgery                          -         -         •  3  63  22 

Practice  of  Medicine     -        -        -  3  61  IS 

Materia  Medica             -        -        -  3  72  15 

MedicalJurisprudence  in  Faculties  I        »  q^  *-, 

of  Law  and  Medicine         -         ) 

Midwifery  ...  3  60  14 

English  Law  ...  8  72  4 

Civil  Law  ...  8  64  3 

Political  Economy  -        -        -  3  .24  4 

There  is  an  Agrioultural  Sohool  on  the  Western 
Boad,  about  a  mile  from  the  eollege.  It  was  erected 
in  1859,  under  the  auspioes  of  the  National  Board.  It 
is  able  to  aooommodate  32  pupils.  The  present  number 
is  15.  Each  pupU  pays  £8  a-year,  for  which  he  is 
comfortably  lodged,  boarded,  and  instructed  in  EngUsli 
and  agriculture.  The  pupils  work  on  the  £EUin,  which 
consists  of  120  acres. 

There  is  a  common  approach  from  the  Western 
Boad  to  the  Queen's  College  and  the  County  Gaol. 
This  is  not  just  the  thing ;  nor  is  it  in  good  taste.  An 
entrance  nearer  the  city  would  save  time  and  distance. 
The  college  is  at  a  sufficient  distance,  without  compel- 
ling students  and  professors  to  go  beyond  it,  by  the 
circuitous  approach  of  the  County  Gkiol ;  unlesB  they 
choose  the  dirty  back  lanes  in  the  neighbourhood  of  St. 
Finn-Barr's. 

The  County  Gaol  has  a  beautiful  portico,  conaisting 
of  four  Doric  columns^  copied,  we  believe  from  the 
Temple  of  Bacchus,  at   Athens.      Mr.    Joyce,    the 


OOVNTT  AND  dTT  GAOLS. 


866 


Ooyemor,  has  famifihed  me  with  the  following  i 
of  the  numbec  eommitted  for  the  last  ten  years  :• 


Year,  1851 

Coxninitted, 

,  6,863 

Tear,  1866 

Committed,  1,438 

—    1862 

M 

4,999 

—    1867 

1,877 

—    1863 

«( 

8,677 

—    1868 

*•           1,123 

—    1S64 

CC 

2,972 

—    1869 

1,064 

—  i1te6 

c« 

1,699 

—    1860 

1,173 

The  large  number  of  committals  in  the  fonofur  years 
resulted  from  the  fEimine,  the  effects  of  which  were  felt 
for  years.  During  that  frightfol  period,  many  pre- 
ferred the  gaol  to  the  poor-house ;  but  not  as  many  as 
might  have  been  expected.  The  people  did  not  pos- 
sess sufficient  courage  to  commit  a  crime,  and  therefore 
lay  down  and  died  by  the  side  of  a  ditch,  or  prepared 
for  a  death  of  almost  equal  certainty  within  the  walls 
of  a  poor-house. 

The  City  Gaol  is  on  the  Sundays-well  side  of  the 
river.  It  is  also  a  fine  building.  The  following  is 
the  number  of  committals  for  the  last  ten  years,  and 
the  daily  average : 

Year. 

1851, 
1862, 
1863, 
1854, 
1865, 

This  is  less  than  one-third  of  the  committals  ten 
years  ago.  In  the  County  Gaol  the  committals  for 
1860  were,  to  a  small  fraction,  but  a  fifth  of  what  they 
were  in  1851.  The  same  remarkable  decrease  has 
occurred  in  the  government  prison  of  Spike  Island, 
as  we  shall  see  by-and-bye. 


No.  Com- 
mitted. 

DaUy 
ATcragc. 

.     .     3434 

253 

.     .     2563 

234 

.     .     2282 

222 

.     .     2224 

206 

.     .     1618 

170 

Tsar. 

No.  Gom* 
mitted. 

DaUj 

1866,       . 

.     1606 

168 

1867,      . 

.     1468 

168 

1858,      . 

.     1196 

117 

1859,      . 

.       836 

76 

1860,      . 

960 

78 

36G  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

The  Grand  Jury  formerly  appointed  the  Board  of 
Superintendence  of  the  city,  as  well  as  of  the  county 
prisons,  but  by  the  Cork  Improvement  Act,  15  and  16 
Victoria,  passed  in  1852,  it  was  enacted  that  the 
mayor,  aldermen,  and  burgesses  shall  appoint  the  said 
Board  of  Superintendence,  officers,  and  servaiits  of 
prisons  within  the  county  of  the  city  of  Cork,  instead 
of  the  said  Grand  Jury. 

The  County  Lunatic  Asylum  stands  on  the  northern 
bank  of  the  river  Lee.  The  style  of  architecture  is  of 
the  14th  century.  The  chapel  and  tower  of  a  more 
advanced  period.  It  is  spread  along  an  immense 
frontage,  and  is  as  windy  as  the  caves  of  ^olus.  The 
annual  number  of  patients  is  somewhere  about  500. 
The  building  was  commenced  in  1847,  and  erected  at 
an  enormous  expense  to  the  county. 

On  the  same  side  of  the  river,  and  about  a  mile  from 
Cork,  are  the  Corporation  Water- Works,  erected  in 
1857.  The  engine,  which  was  manufactured  by  the 
Messrs.  Mac  Adam,  of  Belfast,  is  styled  a  Comifih 
Pumping  Steam  Engine.  It  is  guaranteed  to  raise 
2,000,000  gallons  of  water  to  the  height  of  180  feet 
in  twenty-four  working  hours.  Judging  from  the 
fearful  thumping  of  the  engine,  I  suspect  it  will  soon 
work  itself  out,  or  beat  itself  down.  It  consumes 
more  coals  than  the  corporation  had  reason  to  expect 

The  principal  buildings  in  the  northern  suburbs  of 
the  city,  besides  those  already  mentioned,  are  the  new 
Church  of  St.  Yincent,  Sunday's- well ;  the  Friary  and 
Church  of  the  Dominicans,  on  Pope's  Quay  ;  the 
Catholic  Cathedral ;  St.  Anne's  and  St.  Mary's  Shan- 
don  ;  the  North  Chapel  and  North  Presentation  Con- 


THE  NOBTHEBK  8I7BX7BB&  367 

reat ;  Christian  Brotheis'  Schools ;  the  Gfreen-ooat 
^ohool;  the  North  Infirmary;  the  Feyer  Hospital; 
Hie  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum  ;  the  Butter  Market ; 
Murphy's  Brewery,  formerly  the  Foundling  Hospital ; 
ind  two  distilleries.  And  at  the  Glanmire  side,  St. 
Patrick's  Chapel;  the  new  Scots'  Church;  a  Methodist 
Chapel ;  and  the  Cork  Barracks. 

The  Dominican  Friars,  or  the  Friar  FreacheiVi  now 
of  Pope's  Quay,  were  originally  established  in  the 
Convent  of  St.  Mary's  of  the  Isle,  which  was  founded 
by  Philip  de  Barry  in  1229.  A  bronze  equestaiaa 
statue  of  the  founder  was  preserved  in  the  ehuidi  till 
the  suppression  of  the  house  under  Henry  YIU.  The 
convent,  which  was  dedicated  to  the  Yirgpji  Maty,  was 
called  St.  Mary's  of  the  Isle  from  its  insular  position, 
being  built  on  one  of  the  thirteen  marshes*  or  islands 
of  Cork. 

David  Mac  Kelly,  who  was  Dean  of  Cashel  and 
Bishop  of  Cloyne,  took  the  habit  of  a  Dominican  in  this 
house  in  1237.  He  was  translated  the  next  year  to 
the  metropolitan  see  of  Cashel,  where  he  established  a 
fraternity  of  the  same  order,  and  built  for  them  "  a 
beautiful  church  and  abbey,"  not  far  from  his  own 
cathedral,  on  the  Eock  of  Cashel.  This  David  assisted 
ft  the  general  Council  of  Lyon.  He  died  in  1262. 
Philip  de  Slane,  who  was  Bishop  of  Cork  in  1321,  was 
a  member  of  this  fraternity. 

We  do  not  know  to  what  extent  this  convent  was 
endowed  by  Philip  de  Barry.  We  find  the  prior, 
Friar  Philip,  suing  Matthew  de  Cantillon,  in  1306, 

•  Thirtem  marshes.  An  old  ground  plan,  or  map,  of  Cork,  in  the  Tower  of 
Tendon,  bearing  date  A.D.  1545,  shews  thirteen  marahes  or  islandi. 


368  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

for  a  messuage,*  and  its  apportenauces  in  St.  Nicholas 
Street,  which  he  claimed  in  right  of  his  churoh,  as  hay- 
ing been  unjustly  given  by  the  late  prior,  Gilbert 
Planck,  to  Thomas  de  Sarsfield. 

An  annual  allowance  of  thirty-five  marks,  from  the 
royal  treasury,  was  granted  to  the  convent  in  1309 ; 
and  the  charter  of  Edward  II.  to  the  city  of  Cork  in 
1317,  a  free  passage  was  given  to  the  friars  to  enter 
the  gate  of  the  lately  erected  city  walls,  nearest  to  the 
abbey.  The  friars  were  allowed,  what  might  be  termed 
in  modern  days,  "the  privilege  of  the  latch-key." 
We  find  that  the  institution  "  suffered  some  relazatioa 
of  discipline  during  the  civil  war  in  Cork,  occasioned 
by  the  war  of  the  Eoses  in  England,  but  this  was 
amended  by  a  general  chapter  of  the  order  held  in 
Bome,  1484.  Fifty  years  after  this  we  read  in  the 
Annals  of  St.  Mary's  of  the  Isle : — 

*' A.D.  1536.  All  the  Dominican  communities  of  Ireland*  inali 
and  outside  the  pale^  being  restored  to  discipline,  and  united  a 
spirit,  were  formed  into  a  distinct  province  of  the  order,  to  Im 
goyemed  by  an  Irish  provincial,  freely  chosen  in  chapter.  ThUi 
proTidentially,  was  the  Hihernia  Dominicana^  by  being  separated 
from  the  authority  of  the  English  provincial,  saved  from  utter  ex- 
tinction, in  which,  as  the  parent  province  of  England,  it  might 
have  perished  during  "  the  Dissolution  of  Religious  HouaeSy"  Tsaim 
Henry  VIII.,  or  survived  merely  as  a  portion  of  a  titular  provinee. 

'*  A.D.  1544.  This  monastery  of  the  Island  at  Cork,  with  ill 
its  appurtenances,  lands,  water  mills,  salmon  weirs,  fishing  pooby  was 
confiscated  to  the  crown,  and  sold  to  William  Boureman,  at  a  held 
rent  of  six  shillings  and  nine-pencef  a-year." 


*  A  metntage  is  <<  a  house  and  ground  sot  apart  for  household  nsea." 

•\  Six  8hilling$  and  nine-pence.  The  Dominican  Ahbej  of  KHmalloek 
suppressed  about  this  time,  when  George  Grenlitfe  offered  to  take  the  abbof  ni 
lands  at  a  yearly  rent  of  £4  10s.  lie  at  the  same  time  promises  good  aemee  il 
gettini^  Gosshawkes  and  Merlyons.— a//«;Mfer  of  State  P^tpen^  AJ>.  Ifi09-1673» 
p.  163. 


THB  BOMmiOAN  FRIABS.  369 

ix  shillings  and  nine-penoe|  fpr  three  small  gar- 
I,  two  stangs  of  land,  a  fishing  pool,  half  a  salmon 
',  three  acres  of  arable  land  near  Evergreen,  and 
ity  acres  of  pasture  in  Galvereston.  William 
reman  got  a  bargain. 

he  Dominican  Friars  were  at  one  time  possessed 
vo  highly  prized  relics,  the  images  of  St.  Dominiok 
of  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary.  Matthew  Cheyne, 
Protestant  Bishop  of  Cork,  laid  violent  hands  oa 
image  of  St.  Dominick,  in  1578,  and  had  it  pub- 
bnmt  at  the  High  Gross,  <^  to  the  great  grief  of 
[rish  of  that  place."  The  ^^  miraculous  image  of 
Blessed  Yirgin,"  a  carving  in  ivory,  about  three 
68  long,  and  a  good  deal  worn  and  discoloured  by 
I,  is  in  custody  of  the  friars,  preserved  in  a  silver 
^  which  bears  the  following  insoriptibn :  ^^  Orate 
Etnima  Onoriee,  filisB  Jacobi  de  Geraldine,  qu8B  me 
fecit."  This  Onoria,  or  Honoria,  the  daughter  of 
es  Fitzgerald,  was  not  the  ^*  long-lived  Coimtess  of 
nond,"  as  Mr.  Boche  conjectures.  The  old  countess' 
e  was  Catherine,  and  her  father's  name  John — 
Fohn  of  Dromana ;  nor  was  she  the  daughter  of  Sir 
es  Desmond,  who  was  slain  by  Burke,  in  1697,  as 
Croker  thinks,  but  the  daughter  of  James,  the 
anth  Earl  of  Desmond,  long  known  as  the  pretended 
for  whom  the  dispensation  was  procured  to  marry 
Carthy  More. 

L.D.  1647.  Richard  Barry,  a  Cork  Dominican  and  prior  of  the 
in  Cashel,  refused  to  accept  his  life  on  condition  of  stripping 
atf  of  his  religious  habit,  and  assuming  a  secular  dress,  which 
lemed  would  be  an  act  of  apostacy.  He  was  condemned  to  be 
)d  aliye  on  the  summit  of  the  Rock  of  Cashel,  and  haying 
▼OL.  II.  24 


370  HISTORY   OP   CORZ. 

keroicallj  suffered  in  the  flames  for  the  space  of  two  hourtv  was 
transfixed  through  the  side  with  a  sword.  Four  days  after,  when 
the  parliamentary  forces  had  retired,  the  Vicar-General,  with  tiha 
Notary  Apostblic,  Henry  O'Callanan,  having  judicially 
the  proofs  of  his  martyrdom,  conyeyed  his  sacred  remains  in 
procession  and  with  joyful  anthems,  to  the  beautiful  cloister  of  Ui 
conyent,  where,  perhaps,  they  are  reposing  undisturbed  to  the  pm* 
sent  day. 

'^A.D.  1648.  Brother  Dominic  de  Burgo,  a  young  profcsMJ 
member  of  the  order  of  preachers,  and  near  relatiye  of  the  Eaxl  cf 
Clanricarde,  was  made  prisoner  on  board  of  the  ship  in  which  hs 
had  taken  his  passage  for  Spain,  to  pursue  his  studies.  He  wa* 
thrown  into  prison  at  Kinsale,  whence  he  made  his  escapt  hf 
jumping  from  the  top  of  the  jail  wall  down  on  the  sea-shore.  Vor 
two  days,  he  lay  concealed  in  a  neighbouring  wood,  all  oorend 
with  mud,  without  clothing,  food,  or  drink.  At  length,  he  ftmd 
shelter  under  the  hospitable  roof  of  the  Roches  in  that  neighboD^ 
hood,  probably  of  Garrettstown.  He  became,  at  a  later  period  of 
life.  Bishop  of  Elphin,  for  whose  head  or  capture  the  gewa- 
ment  offered  a  large  reward,  and  to  whom  Oliver  Plunket,  die 
martyred  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  wrote  from  his  dungeon,  warnhf 
him  of  the  attempts  of  the  privy  council  against  his  life.  He  died 
in  exile. 

'*A.D.  1651.  Father  Eneas  Ambrose  0*Cahil,  an  doqiMt 
preacher,  and  zealous  missionary  in  Cork,  being  recognised  u  t 
Friar  of  the  Dominican  community,  was  rushed  upon  by  a  troop  of 
Cromwell's  soldiers,  cut  to  pieces  with  their  sabres,  and  his  finihl 
scattered  about,  to  be  trampled  under  foot." 

Father  Eustace  Maguire,  who  defended  fhe  oasile  of 
Dromagh,  near  Kanturk,  was  a  warlike  member  of  thii 
fraternity. 

James  11.^  who  came  to  Cork  from  Kinsale  in  1689| 
lodged  in  the  old  island  house.  It  was  deserted  hj 
the  brethren  on  the  accession  of  William,  Prinoe  of 
Orange,  and  used  as  a  residence  by  the  mayor  oi 
governor  of  Cork.  It  afterwards  became  the  fo'VB 
mansion  of  the  Earl  of  Inchiquin.    This  fiunily  poo* 


ST.  kabt's  of  the  iblb.  371 

the  rent-oliarge  of  the  site  on  which  the  oonTent 
and  which  is  now  occupied  by  a  new  conyent  of 
)ters  of  Mercy.  In  1721  we  find  this  school  of 
ican  Friars  living  in  a  narrow  lane  off  Shandon 

on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  called,  to  this 
riary  Lane.     Here  they  bnilt  a  convent  on  the 

Shandon  Castle,  where  Sir  George  and  Lady 
lived.*    In  1784  they  built  a  new  convent  and 

on  the  same  site,  and  in  18S2  was  laid  the 
tion  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Pope's  Quay,  which  is 
lexion  with  the  priory ;  and  in  1848  the  foun- 
of  the  present  convent,  immediately  above  the 

Convent  of  the  Sisicebs  of  Mebct  of  St  Mary's 
Isle,  which  now  occupies  the  site  of  the  old 
ican  Priory,  is  a  beautiful  Tudor  structure,  de- 
by  Mr.  William  Atkins.  The  foundation  was 
.  1850.  The  house  was  first  opened  and  occu- 
y  the  order  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy  in  1862. 
►undress,  Miss  Catherine  Macauley — being  an 
I — was  reared  by  a  respectable  Protestant  family 
)lin.  She  commenced  her  novitiate  in  1827,  and 
Lstalled,  as  a  patroness  of  the  order,  in  1830. 
umber  of  the  sisterhood  is  about  thirty -five, 
board,  clothe,  and  educate  about  sixty  orphan 
01,  and  give  the  advantages  of  their  asylum  to 
six  females,  whom  they  fit  for  servants.  They 
perintend  a  school — in  connexion  with  the  Na- 
Board  —  of  about  300  children,  and  take  the 

George  and  Lady  Cariw  lived.  Sir  Geom's  wife  was  Joyce,  daughter  of 
#lopton.  of  Warwickshire.  She  and  her  huBhand  lie  buried  in  the  Church 
rd-on-Avon.  A  rusty  helmet  and  a  tattered  homer  are  suspended  abore 
b. 


372  msToiiT  OF  cork. 

superintendence  of  an  excellent  hospital^  establis! 
in  the  old  Mayoralty  House. 

The  Catholic  Cathedral  stands  on  a  command 
height  on  the  north  side  of  the  city.  It  is  now,  ^ 
its  massive  square  tower,  a  noble  ecclesiastical  str 
ture.  Mr.  Windele  says  its  interior  "  presents  one 
the  richest  specimens  of  the  florid  gothic  in  Irelam 
The  altar  and  ceiling  are  gorgeously  decorated, 
was  built  in  1808,  on  the  site  of  an  older  church,  bi 
in  1729,  by  the  Right  Beverend  Timothy  MacCartl 
Catholic  Bishop  of  Cork  and  Cloyne.  The  pres 
cathedral  church  was  founded  by  the  Bey.  D.  Moyl 

The  Yery  Eev.  Dean  Murphy  has  been  kind  enoi 
to  furnish  me  with  the  following  list  of  Catholic  Bishc 
and  the  year  of  their  appointment : — 

CATHOLIC  BISHOPS  OF  CORK  AND  CLOTHB. 

A.D.  1580.  Edmond  Tanner. 
A.D.  1646.  Eobert  Barry. 
A.D.  1684.  Pierce  Creagh. 
A.D.  1694.  John  Baptist  Slyne. 
A.D.  1710.  Denis  McCarthy. 
A.D,  1728.  Timothy  McCarthy. 

CATHOLIC  BISHOPS  OF  CORK.* 

A.D.  1749.  Eichard  Walsh. 

A.D.  1763.  John  Butler.  • 

A.D.  1787.  Francis  Moylan. 

A.D.  1803.  Florence  Mac  Carthy,  Coadjutor  Biafc 

A.D.  1815.  John  Murphy. 

A.D.  1847.  William  Dekny. 

•  CtdhoUe  Biihopt  of  Cork.  The  diooesM  of  Cork  and  Cloyn^  whkk  kift 
long  united,  were  separated  in  1749. 


CATHOLIC  BISHOPS  OF  COBK.  873 

/  We  have  copied  the  Mowing  list  from  a  manusoript 
W  in  thi  possession  of  the  Very  Bey.  Canon  Eelleher, 
4f  Cntale : — 

^  1712.  Dr.  Denis  Mao  Carthy,  oonsectated  Bishop 
Mikak^  Goyne  and  Boss,  died,  Mareh,  1725. 

1726.  Dr.  Timothy  Mac  Carthy  Babach,  consecrated 
Biihop  of  Cork,  Cloyne  and  Boss,  died,  August  20th, 
J747,  aged  83  Tears. 

'  1747.  Dr.  Bichard  Walsh  was  consecrated  in  Dublin 
jBiihop  of  Cork,  with  Dr.  John  O'Brien,  Bishop  of 
Cbyne  and  Boss.  Dr.  Walsh  departed  this  life  on  a 
JJndfty  morning,  about  five  o'clock,  January  7th,  1763, 
76  Tears. 

1763.  Dr.  John  Butler,  uncle  to  the  Lord  Dunboyne, 
consecrated  Bidiop  of  Cork,  and  came  the  17th 
day  of  June,  1763,  to  Cork,  and  lodged  a  night  w  two 
Mt  Mr.  Crotty's,  neav  Ballyyolane. 

Dr.  Creagh. 

1786.  Doctor  Francis  Moylan,  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Cork,  died,  1816. 

1800.  Doctor  Florence  Mac  Carthy,  coadjutor,  died, 
1810. 

1815.  Doctor  John  Murphy,  died  April  9th,  1847. 

1847.  Doctor  William  Delany." 

The  bishop,  John  Butler,  above  mentioned,  succeeded 
to  the  title  and  estates  of  his  nephew,  Lord  Dunboyne, 
and  applied  to  the  pope  for  permission  to  marry, 
which  was  refused.  He  thereupon  read  his  recanta- 
tion, and  married  a  Protestant  lady — a  Miss  Butler  of 
Hilford,  county  Tipperary — ^but  had  no  issue.  After 
a  time  he  sent  for  Dr.  Gahan,  an  Augustinian  friar, 
and  returned  to  the  Catholic  church,  and  at  his  death 


374  HISTORY  OP  CORK. 

bequeathed  part  of  the  property  to  Maynooth  CoUegg^ 
which  supplies  the  funds  for  the  Dunboyne  Soholarsh^ 

The  Dunboyne  title  became  extinct  at  the  bifliiop^s 
deathy  but  was  revived  by  the  decision  of  the  Hbuae 
of  Lords  in  1860,  in  the  person  of  Theobald  Kii- 
waiter  Butler.  The  barony  of  Dunboyne  is  a  ereatioD 
dating  as  far  back  as  Henry  YIII.  The  dowager  Lidy 
Dunboyne,  or  the  bishop's  widow,  died  in  Augmt^ 
1860,  in  her  ninety-sixth  year.  She  married  a  seoood 
time,  the  late  J«  Hubert  Moore,  Esq.,  of  Shamm 
Grove,  near  Banagher,  in  the  King's  county. 

St.  Anne's  Shandon,  or  Sean-dun,*  stands  on  Shan- 
don  hill.  It  was  built  in  1722.  It  is  a  pliiB 
structure,  with  a  pepper-castor  steeple,  170  feet  lu^ 
having  a  good  chime  of  bells,  placed  there  in  1760. 
Mr.  Francis  Mahony,  better  known  as  Father  Ftonl^ 
a  man  of  whose  genius  Cork  may  be  justly  proud^ 
wrote  thus  of  these  Shandon  bells : — 

*' With  deep  affection, 
And  leooUection, 
I  often  think  on 

Those  Shandon  bellf ! 
Whose  soundB  bo  wild,  would, 
In  days  of  childhood. 
Fling  round  my  cradle 

Their  magic  spelli. 

On  this  I  ponder, 
Where'er  I  wander, 
And  thui  grow  fonder, 

Sweet  Cork  of  thM; 
With  thy  heUi  of  Shandon, 
That  sound  so  grand  on 
The  pleasant  waters 

Of  the  riyer  Lee." 

•  Stan-duH^  i.e^  "  the  old  fori."    On  this  hill  stood  Shandon  CmOs. 


ST.  anne's  shaitdon.  375 

One  of  the  tombstones  in  the  churchyard  bearo  this 
[iHoription :  '^  This  monument  is  erected  at  the  charges 
if  Elizabeth  Coppinger,  chief  of  the  name,  who  de- 
mmi  the  28th  of  July,  1681,  aged  71  years.'' 

The  Green -Coat  School,  in  connexion  with  this 
ikan^,  was  established  in  1720.  There  is  still  a 
ihacd  on  the  premises,  where  twenty-two  boys  get 
ifban  English  education,  and  a  blue  jacket  once  a  year, 
hithesame  groundare  asylumsfor  poor  men  andwomen^ 
ink  ihey  appear  in  a  very  decayed  state.  These  insti* 
Btions  are  thus  described  by  Mr.  Wiodele,  in  1844 : — 
"  The  Green-Coat,  in  the  churchyard  of  St  Anne'& 
Bttndon,  was  erected  in  1720,  and  is  supported  on  a 
leqnest  of  £24,  (now  producing  £235  8s.  yearly,)  left 
fj  Stephen  Skiddy,  of  London,  vintner,  in  1784 ;  a 
prmnt  from  the  corporation,  and  another  bequest,  under 
he  will  of  Eoger  Brettridge,  made  in  1683.  The 
pross  income  is  £493  18s.  In  this  establishment  41 
Protestant  widows  and  7  old  soldiers  are  maintained^ 
ind  20  boys  and  20  girls  are  supported,*  and  educated, 
md  finally  apprenticed  out  to  trades.  Day  and  Sunday 
ichools  are  attached.  The  alms-house  stands  to  the 
•ere  of  the  schools,  and  forms,  with  the  latter,  three 
ddes  of  a  square.  A  piazza  runs  in  front  of  the  base- 
nent  story,  consisting  of  numerous  arches,  and  forms 
I  perfect  cloister  or  ambulatory.  In  Skiddy's  alms- 
[louse  died,  1792,  aged  103  years,  Catherine  Parr, 
jreat  grand-daughter  of  the  famous  old  Thomas  Parr ; 
but  her  years  were  exceeded  by  those  of  Margaret 
Ward,  who,  at  the  age  of  106,  died  in  the  alms-house 
3f  St.  Peter's  parish,  in  the  year  1797. 

•  Supptirtfd.    Thp  children  arc  not  inpported  now.    The  whole  of  the  hofld- 
iDgi,  ID  conoGiion  with  those  chahtiot,  hire  a  dirtj  and  broken-down  tppenrnnee. 


376  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

St.  Mart's  Shakdon.  An  old  cliurch  of  this  name 
stood  a  little  to  the  east  of  St.  Anne's.  It  was  de- 
stroyed during  the  siege  of  1690,  when  the  Goyemor 
of  Cork,  Macgillicuddy,  fired  the  suburbs.  St  Mary's^ 
in  Shandon  Street,  was  built  in  1693.  The  ground 
was  given  by  Sir  Henry  Sydney,  as  appears  by  the 
following  tablet  over  the  door  : — ^^  Ad  Edifieandiim 
Templum  Hoc  Quantulum  est  agri  Donum  Paroehi» 
Sanctee  Mariee  de  Shandon.  Dedit  Nobilisaisnu 
Dominus,  Henricus  Yicecomes  Sydney,  Hibemiie 
Prorex.  An.  Domini  md.cxciii.  Cujus  memorisB  in 
Sternum  floreat."  It  is  a  plain  but  comfortable 
church.  There  is  an  idea  that  the  vaults  of  this 
church,  like  that  of  St.  Michan's,*  in  Dublin,  poflieM 
the  property  of  preserving  bodies  from  decay.  Mr. 
Windele  informs  us  that  the  body  of  the  Bey.  Hr. 
M  ^Daniel,  a  chaplain  of  the  City  Gaol,  who  died  in 
1768,  was  found  perfect  thirty  years  after  death.  His 
body  was  somewhat  the  colour  of  bogwood,  and  was 
perfectly  dry  and  smooth.  ^^  He  is  said  to  have  Imn  a 
hard  liver J^  The  whole  of  the  body  has  now  gone  to 
decay.  We  learn  from  Halls'  Ireland,  that  the  bodies 
of  the  Two  Sheares  were  lying  in  the  vaults  of  8t 
Michan's  in  a  high  state  of  preservation  to  a  very  late 
period.  ^^  The  principal  vaults  are  in  a  long  ooxxidiff 
under  the  centre  of  the  church,  off  which  there  are 
thirteen  chambers.  In  one  of  these  were  depodted 
the  remains  of  the  two  unfortunate  brothers^  8hearei| 


*  St.  Michan*t.  **  The  bodies  in  the  best  itate  of  prcscnration  art  in  a 
Tanlt  under  the  riffht  angle  of  the  transept ;  one  of  which  is  said  to  be  tha  b^r  af 
St.  Michan,  laid  there  200  years  ago.  It  is  that  of  a  man  of  short  atatiire,  ud  ■ 
still  ouitc  perfect.  The  nails  continue  on  the  hands  and  ftet,  and  the  enlin  af 
the  flesh  and  skin  remains  on  the  bones."  The  flesh  is  like  the  corer  of  aa  old 
book,  bound  in  law-calf.— J7a/^  Irtlandy  vol.  ii.  p.  318. 


BTJTTER-BTJYERS   OF   HALLOW   LANE.  377 

who  were  executed  for  rebellion  in  1798.  They  were, 
until  the  last  few  years,  in  a  state  of  perfect  preser- 
vation." They  were  removed  to  another  vault,  which 
was  not  as  dry,  and  since  they  have  "  rapidly  decayed, 
and  are  now  almost  mere  skeletons."  They  lie  side 
by  side  in  two  uncovered,  coffins,  with  their  skulls  upon 
their  chests,  where  their  gory  heads  were  placed  the 
day  they  were  executed. 

From  Shandon  Street  we  proceed  to  Mallow  Lane, 
the  site  of  the  old  Butter  Market. 

On  the  butter-buyers  of  Mallow  Lane,  Alexander  the 
Coppersmith  makes  a  most  ridiculously  fearful  on- 
slaught in  1737.  "  This  suburb,  by  various  acts  of 
cozenage,  its  happy  situation,  and  possession  of  the 
weigh-houses,  has  branched  itself  into  such  business, 
as  almost  to  overtop  its  mother."  He  would  sooner  see 
the  weigh-house  in  Gallows  Green.  "  Every  country 
fellow,  who  has  generally  something  to  buy,  when  he 
sells  his  butter,  must  of  necessity  stalk  through  the 
whole  city,  where  he  has  an  opportunity  of  gaping  at 
every  shop.  Pray,  sir,  is  it  not  a  very  uncomfortable 
sight  for  any  Protestant  shopkeeper  of  this  city  to 
behold  thatch  and  a  skylight  edified  into  decent 
windows  and  slat ;  when  a  flat-footed  Milesian  shall 
have  the  impertinence  to  have  his  table  graced  with  a 
chaplain  and  pinched  diaper."  We  suspect  he  refers 
here  to  the  fortunes  made  by  butter-buyers,  on  whom 
he  pours  out  this  viol  of  his  wrath :  "  They  rob  a  man 
of  his  purse  and  never  bid  him  stand.  Highwaymen 
defy.  Mallow  Lane  men  pretend  justice.  The  very 
fragments  of  the  rogueries  of  this  lane"— does  he  refer 
to  the  butter  scrapings,  by  fragments — ^*  would  feast 


378  HISTOET  OF  CORK. 

all  the  bites  in  the  kingdom.   That  nursery  of  yillainy* 
should  be  suffered  to  continue  no  longer^  but  presented 
and  removed  as  a  nuisance.     When  honesty  wbb  sick 
in  Hamflesh,  she  crawled  to  Mallow  Lane  to  die,  and 
gave  her  last  groan  among  the  butter-buyers." 

William  Boles,  a  true-blue  Protestant,  obsenres^ 
^^  In  this  Coppersmith's  remarks  on  Mallow  Lane,  he 
has  blattered  forth  a  crowd  of  general  crimes,  without 
entering  into  any  particular.  The  single  instance  he 
gives  of  their  roguery  is  notoriously  false,  though  it 
might  have  been  easy  for  Alexander  to  publish  a  hun- 
dred true  ones ! " 

The  present  Weigh-House,  or  Butter  Market,  in 
Church  Street,  is  under  the  exclusive  management  of 
the  Committee  of  Merchants  of  Cork,  a  highly  respect- 
able body,  who,  at  one  time,  regulated  all  civic  affiunu 
They  are  now  no  more  than  a  voluntary  association, 
and  possess  no  corporate  charter  as  butter  merbhants. 
It  is  almost  the  invariable  practice  for  the  butter-buyerB 
to  advance  money  to  the  farmers  or  butter-sellers,  who 
bring  their  butter  to  the  merchant,  by  whom  they  are 
accommodated.  This  arrangement  must  more  or  leas 
interfere  with  the  independence  of  the  trade,  but  it 
does  not  appear  to  work  badly.  A  price  is  fixed  on 
the  various  kinds  of  butter,  at  a  sort  of  public  auction 
of  the  butter-buyers.  The  butter  is  classed  by 
the  butter-tasters,  who  are  employed  at  a  salary  al 
£200  a-year  each,  and  whose  characters  are  above 
suspicion.  The  butter  is  then  branded,  as  firsts, 
seconds,  thirds,  fourths  and  fifths,  as  the  case  may  be. 
The  worst  quality  is  called  "  a  bishop^^^  for  what 
we  cannot  divine. 


CORK  BUITEB  MABKET. 


379 


Bishop  Brinkley,  of  Cloyne,  wandered  one  morning 
into  the  Cork  Butter  Market,  and  inquired  of  one  of 
the  porters,  to  whom  he  was  unknown,  respecting  the 
various  classes  of  butter.  ^^  What  do  you  call  the 
best?"  inquired  Brinkley.  "  The  first  quality,  your 
honor."  "  And  the  worst  ?  "  "  The  worst,  your  honor, 
is  a  bishop."  '^  A  bishopy^^  said  Brinkley,  in  surprise. 
"  Now,  may  I  ask  you,  my  good  fellow,  why  you  call 
the  worst  a  bishop  ?"  ^^  Bekase,  your  honor,  a  bishop 
is  the  very  worst  quality."  *^  I  see,"  said  Brinkley, 
walking  off. 

The  following  is  an  account  of  all  the  butter  which 
has  passed  through  the  Weigh-House,  from  1770  to 


Year  ending 

Mays,  1770 
1771 
1772 
1773 
1774 
1775 
1776 
1777 
1778 
1779 
1780 
1781 
1782 
1783 
1784 
1785 
1786 
1787 
1788 
1789 
1790 


CaakB. 


»> 
>♦ 

>> 
>» 
»» 


14,658 
14,418 
13,801 
7,052 
8,710 
14,234 
16,552 
24,751 
20,326 
18,827 
21,064 
19,576 
16,835 
18,580 
18,481 
23,063 
31,655 
25,608 
17,011 


Firkini 
and  Kegs. 

105,809 

144,516 

161,345 

153',646 

178,136 

214,246 

181,219 

193,296 

167,937 

173,865 

220,917 

230,644 

221,688 

205,145 

178,611 

193,178 

172,998 

225,921 

231,371 

204,030 

179,448 


Year  ending 

Caaka. 

Flrkina 
and  Kegs. 

Mays 

,1791 

16,475 

197,683 

»» 

1792 

16,020 

203,677 

» 

1793 

21,411 

211,548 

>» 

1794 

16,477 

179,958 

)f 

1795 

16,031 

121,631 

» 

1796 

17,037 

202,648 

»» 

1797 

21,374 

198,963 

99 

1798 

21,737 

201,267 

99 

1799 

18,588 

184,657 

»> 

1800 

17,138 

166,111 

9» 

1801 

16,455 

157,906 

9> 

1802 

19,664 

217,073 

99 

1803 

21,383 

262,898 

99 

1804 

19,551 

204,495 

99 

1805 

18,950 

202,055 

>» 

1806 

17,467 

220,708 

9» 

1807 

14,882 

241,593 

9> 

1808 

13,255 

208,025 

»» 

1809 

•  • 

219,790 

»» 

1810 

•  • 

230,647 

>» 

1811 

.  • 

284,481 

380 


HISTORY   OF  CORE. 


Year  ending 

8th    May, 

1812 

» 

1813 

9\ 

1814 

9t 

1815 

>» 

1816 

9» 

1817 

»> 

1818 

M 

1819 

9» 

1820 

>» 

1821 

dOth  April, 

1822 

»» 

1823 

♦» 

1824 

»♦ 

1825 

n 

1826 

>» 

1827 

>9 

1828 

>» 

1829 

>♦ 

1830 

** 

1831 

»> 

1832 

** 

1833 

>» 

1834 

>♦ 

1835 

«« 

1836 

Firkins 
andKegfl. 

259,995 
253,932 
279,032 
251,678 
261,385 
268,544 
231,495 
244,035 
306,670 
314,573 
283,307 
236,250 
249,395 
234,847 
243,791 
274,599 
291,893 
302,207 
277,947 
249,596 
240,663 
264,003 
271,198 
279,553 
278,557 


Year  ending 

30th  April, 

1837 

>» 

1838 

»» 

1839 

>» 

1840 

>» 

1841 

if 

1842 

99 

1843 

»» 

1844 

»• 

1845 

99 

1846 

>» 

1847 

8l8t  March,  1848 

9f 

1849 

99 

1850 

Ist  March, 

1851 

>9 

1852 

>» 

1853 

»» 

1854 

>» 

1855 

»> 

1856 

»9 

1857 

»> 

1858 

99 

1859 

«« 

1B60 

Firkiiu 
mndKegi. 

250,485 
238,400 
255,646 
236,038 
222,765 
229,696 
266,765 
287,711 
254,873 
272,198 
253,861 
275,857 
827,449 
842,259 
306,626 
344,501 
318,851 
338,908 
370,646 
400,694 
401,836 
401,881 
481,462 
391,239 


The  Christian  Brothers'  Schools  and  Monastery  are 
in  Peacock  Lane.  This  and  the  kindred  institution  in 
the  south  of  the  city,  in  Abbey  Street,  have  done 
much  for  the  instruction  of  the  rising  generation  of 
Cork.  The  children  get  a  good  practical  English 
education,  which  embraces  not  only  reading,  writing, 
arithmetic,  grammar,  and  geography,  but  drawing, 
mathematics,  and  the  use  of  the  mechanical  powers. 
There  are  four  schools,  containing  about  1,000  eaoh, 
in  connexion  with  the  two  establishments.    Gentlemen 


CHRISTIAN   brothers'    SCHOOLS.  381 

of  high  mental  culture,  are  still  found  willing  to  devote 
their  lives  to  the  noble  duties  of  the  schoolmaster. 
Gerald  Grifl&n,  the  author  of  the  "  Collegians,"  and  a 
number  of  other  works,  entered  the  Peacock  Lane 
Monastery,  and  became  a  teacher  in  their  schools.  Here 
he  died,  June  12th,  1840,  of  consumption.  He  lies 
interred  in  the  cemetery  of  the  monastery,  among  ever- 
green shrubs  and  pleasant  flowers,—  as  becomes  a  poet, 
— ^but  it  needs  not  shrubs  nor  flowers  to  keep  his 
memory  green  and  fragrant  in  the  minds  of  his 
countrymen. 

We  now  cross  the  opening  or  glen — called  Blackpool, 
or  the  Watercourse — ^which  cuts  the  chain  of  moun- 
tains on  the  northern  side  of  the  river.  On  Patrick's 
hill,  which  forms  the  eastern  spur  of  the  Glanmire 
ridge  of  hills,  stands  Barry's  castle.  The  site  is  still 
pointed  out  on  old  maps.  The  castle  is  now  called 
Audley  House,  and  is  in  the  possession  of  our  respected 
fellow-citizen,  Mr.  Keane.  On  this  side  of  the  river 
lay  the  three  cantreds  of  ground  granted  by  Henry  II. 
to  Fitzstephen,  which  Fitzstephen  left  to  his  nephew, 
Philip  de  Barry,  and  which  King  John  confirmed  to 
William  de  Barry.  The  Barrymore  property  lies  chiefly 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  river  and  harbour  of  Cork. 

The  Catholic  Church  of  St.  Patrick,  on  the  Lower 
Glanmire  Road,  was  erected  in  1845  by  the  Right  Rev- 
Doctor  Murphy,  Catholic  Bishop  of  Cork.  It  is  a 
handsome  Grecian  edifice,  by  no  means  unworthy  of 
the  refined  taste  of  the  architect,  Mr.  G.  R.  Paine. 

♦  Blackpooly  or  Dubhlinne,  is  still  si^ificant  of  its  original  name.  The  Irish 
name  was  given  to  a  part  of  the  river  Liffe^,  hence  Dublin.  The  only  black  part 
of  the  Liffey  is  above  Bloody  Bridge.  It  is  fast  washing  out  ita  original  denle- 
ment. 


382  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

A  Cork  newspaper,  when  speaking  of  the  new 
Scots'  Church,  says  :  — "  This  beautiful  structure, 
which  is  now  rapidly  approaching  completion,  will  be, 
when  finished,  one  of  the  handsomest  public  buildings 
in  Cork,  and,  as  the  committee  truly  state  in  their 
circular,  ^  at  once  an  ornament  to  the  city,  and  a  suit- 
able edifice  in  which  to  celebrate  the  wordiip  of  God.' 
The  site  is  happily  chosen,  and  presents,  perhaps,  the 
most  favourable  point  that  could  be  found  in  the  most 
picturesque  localities  around  the  city.  It  is  on  the 
plateau  below  Belgrave  Place,  fronting  King  Street, 
directly  overlooking  and  presenting  commanding  views 
for  a  long  distance  above  and  below,  of 

'The  pleasant  waten  of  the  river  Lee/ 

From  the  nature  of  the  ground  no  future  buildings  can 
be  erected  to  affect  this  position  of  the  church,  so  that 
its  architectural  proportions  will  always  be  seen  to  the 
best  advantage.  The  style  adopted  is  the  second  period 
of  Gothic ;  the  plan  is  slightly  cruciform,  having  tran- 
septs projecting  about  five  feet  from  the  body  of  the 
building.  A  prominent  feature  of  the  exterior  will  be 
the  tower  and  spire,  rising  to  a  height  of  one  hundred 
and  forty  feet  from  the  ground,  the  tower  being  crowned 
by  an  effective  cornice,  with  gargoyles  at  the  angles, 
from  which  springs  the  spire.  The  lower  portion 
of  the  tower  has  a  groined  stone  roof,  and  forma  the 
principal  entrance  to  the  chapel,  being  protected  by 
wrought  iron  gates." 

Higher  up  on  the  Glanmire  Boad,  and  just  below 
the  Barracks,  is  the  pretty  Church  of  St.  Luke's.  It 
is  a  chapel-of-ease  to  St.  Anne's  Shandon.      It  is 


COEK  BARBACKS.  383 

situated  in  the  ancient  parish  of  St.  Brandon.  The 
design  is  by  G.  B.  Paine.  This  church  was  opened 
the  2nd  of  July,  1837.  It  has  lately  received  a  new 
eastern  wing,  which  has  greatly  improved  its  sitting 
accommodation. 

The  Core  BarralCES  occupy  the  crown  of  the  hill 
to  the  north-west  of  St.  Luke's  Church.  Mr.  Windele 
says  they  occupy  the  site  of  an  ancient  entrenchment, 
called  Bath-MoTy  or  the  "Great  Fort."  The  principal 
square  is  a  splendid  area.  It  contains  accommodation 
for  four  regiments  of  infantry  and  1,000  cavalry.  It 
was  first  occupied  in  1806.  The  panoramic  view  of 
the  city  and  opposite  hills,  the  river  and  its  estuaries, 
from  these  heights  is  very  beautiful.  The  view  of  the 
country  from  the  northern  side,  including  Blarney  and 
its  old  castle,  is  very  extensive  ;  displaying  a  great 
breadth  of  rich  and  well-cultivated  land. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 


GOVEEKMENT    OF    CORK  —  LIST    OF    MAT0B8    AND    SREBIFri — 
STATEMENT   OF   ACCOUNTS  —  HARBOUB   BOABD CITSTOXS. 


A.D. 


Cork,  from  an  early  period,  had  its  governors  appointed 
by  the  crown,  as  well  as  its  mayors  appointed  by  the 
corporation ;  and  these  governors,  from  the  strong  castle 
of  Shandon,  or  Cat  or  Elizabeth  fort,  managed  to  govern 
the  citizens  as  well  as  the  soldiers. 

The  proper  jurisdiction  and  prerogatives  of  the 
mayor  of  Cork  were  not  properly  defined  till  1843, 
by  the  act  3  and  4  of  Victoria,  cap.  9,  by  which  "  that 
part  of  the  county  of  the  city  of  Cork,  not  within  the 
municipal  boundaries  of  the  borough  of  Cork,  was  con- 
stituted a  barony  in  itself;  and  for  grand  jury,  civil 
and  commercial  purposes,  a  part  of  the  county  of  Cork." 

In  the  following  document  we  find  Mountiford  Long- 
field  and  Noblett  Johnson  styled  governors  of  the  county 
and  city  of  Cork,  of  which  Noblett  Johnson  subscribes 
himself  mayor : —  " 

*'  Know  all  men,  that  we,  Mountiford  Longfield,  Esq.,  and  the 
Right  Worshipful  Noblett  Johnson,  Mayor  of  Cork,  Ooremors  of 
the  County  and  City  of  Cork,  by  virtue  of  the  authority  to  us  giTsn 
by  a  certain  act  of  parliament,  passed  in  the  fortj-ninth  year  of  the 
reign  of  his  present  majesty,  entitled,  *  An  act  for  amending  ftad 


CHIEF  MAGISTRATES  OF   CORK.  385 

feducing  into  one  act  of  parliament  the  severajl  laws  for  raising  and 
training  the  militia  of  Ireland,'  and  of  all  other  authorities,  me, 
thereunto  enabling,  have  oonstituted  and  appointed,  and  by  these 
presents  do  constitute  and  appoint  William  Johnson,  of  the  said 
city.  Esquire,  to  be  a  Deputy-Goyemor  of  the  said  County  of  the 
Cil^of  Cork,  to  have  and  to  hold  the  said  office  of  Deputy-Governor, 
with  all  privileges  and  authorities  thereunto  belonging ;  the  name 
of  the  said  William  Johnson  having  been  first  presented  to,  and  not 
disapproved  of,  by  his  Grace  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  and  the  said 
William  Johnson  having  delivered  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Peace- a  des- 
cription of  his  qualification,  pursuant  to  tiie  said  act.  In  witness, 
whereof,  we  have  h^eunto  set  our  handwriting-seals,  this  twen^- 
third  day  of  July,  1810. 

*'  MOUKTIFOBD  LONGFIBLD,  Coloucl, 

City  of  Cork  (     }  Regt.  of  Militia. 

NoBLBTT  Johnson, 

Mayor  and  Gbvemor. 
**  William  Johnson,  Esq.,  to  be  Peputy- 

Govemor  of  the  County  of  the  City 

of  Cork." 

The  city  is  now  governed  by  a  Mayor  and  Town 
Council.  According  to  the  Municipal  Act,  3  and  4 
Victoria,  cap.  108,  the  Town  Council  consists  of  sixty- 
four  members,  who  are  elected  by  eight  wardSj  into 
which  the  city  is  divided.  Each  ward  elects '  eight 
members,  and  the  two  in  each  ward  who  have  the  most 
votes,  become  aldermen,  which  gives  sixteen  alder- 
men. One -third  of  the  council  go  out  annually,  and 
half  of  the  aldermen  triennially.  The  mayor  is  elected 
by  the  coimcil  on  the  1st  of  November,  and  becomes, 
ex  officio,  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  city.  The  new 
act  came  into  operation  in  1841,  when,  to  use  the 
words  of  Mr.  Windele,  "  the  choice  of  the  first  mayor, 
under  the  new  system,  fell  upon  one  of  the  best  and 
worthiest  of  citizens,  Thomas  Lyons,  Esq.,  who  iflpt- 

VOL.  II.  26 


386  HISTORY   OF  COBK. 

mediately  after  his  eleotion,  was  chaired  through  the 

city." 

CHIEF    MAGISTRATES   OF   THE    GITY    OF    CORK. 

PROY08T8. 

1190  John  Dispenser  1249  Eliah  Stackpole  1252  Walter  Wright 
1236  Walter  Eynoff    1251  J.  Wenchedon 

MATOBS. 

1272  Richard  Morren  1330  Nich.  Morraine  1360  Percl.  Vinoent 

1273  Richard  Wine     1331  Rd.  Postwind     1361  Percl.  Vincent 

1274  Richard  Lee        1332  Richd.  Leleigh    1362  Wm.  Drooper 
1279  Walter  Tardiff    1333  Richd.  Leleigh    1363  Adam  Rnth 
1281  Walter  Rute        1334  Robt.  Lebolout   1364  William  Skiddj 
1285  Peter  Russel       1335  B.  de  Montibus   1365  William  Skiddy 
1287  William  Pollard  1336  John  Wedlock    1366  Percl.  Vincent 

1290  Walter  Tardiff    1337  John  d'Espencer  1367  William  Skiddj 

1291  Walter  O'Hejn  1338  John  de  Bristol  1368  Jordan  Keidiff 
1293  John  Lavallen     1339  J.  Fitz>  Abraham  1369  Wm.  Drooper 

1310  John  Walters      1340  D.  de  Montibus  1370  John  LeUown 

1311  WiUiam  Bond     1341  Peter  RashaU      1371  John  Lehlown 

1312  NichdelaWeilj  1342  E.  de  Stackpole  1372  Thomas  Tliidi 

1313  Wm.  Hadvivre    1343  Walter  Reisch     1373  Wm.  Drooper 

1314  Walt,  de  Kerdiff  1344  William  Pollard  1374  Wm.  Downaae 

1315  Nich.  O'Hejne   1345  William  Pollard  1 375  Thomas  Tkish 

1316  John  de  Ligre     1346  Walt,  de  Kerdiff  1376  Wm.  Drooper 
lol7  N.  de  la  Weily    1347  Wm.  O'Heyne    1377  Wm.  Downaae 

1318  A.  Milksbury      1348  John  Wallen       1378  Thomas  Thish 

1319  S.  Coppenger      1349  W.deWandesparl379  David  Miagli 

1320  Richd.  Delahoid  1350  Walt,  de  Kerdiff  1380  John  Lombard 

1321  A.  do  Stackpole  1351  Nich.  O'Heyne  1381  David  Miagh 

1322  Walter  Reisch     1352  N.  Delahoyde     1382  Robert  Drooptf 

1 323  Gilbert  Monk      1353  Walt,  de  Kerdiff  1 383  John  Mynns 

1324  J.  le  Dispenser    1354  Percl.  Vincent    1384  John  Mynns 

1325  Richd.  Morraine  1355  John  Gallenger  1385  John  Mynne 

1326  Edw.  de  Tailour  1356  Walt,  de  Kerdiff  1386  Robert  Drooper 

1327  Roger  Tryal        1357  John  Gallenger  1387  John  Malby 

1328  Roger  le  Blon     1358  Adam  Ruth         1388  John  Malby 

1329  WUliam  Albus    1 359  Walt,  de  Kerdiff  1 389  John  Lomfattd 


MATOBS   OF   COBE. 


387 


S90  William  Polrnt 

391  Redm.  Kerrick 

392  A.  Staokpole 

393  Redm.  Kenicfc 

394  Robt.  Flemming 

395  John  Warriner 

396  T.  Honybeard 

397  Thos.  Burdeys 

398  John  Warriner 

399  John  Mainen 

400  John  Knap 

401  Richd.  Lavallen 

402  William  Sughin 

403  John  Benefiat 
1404  John  Skiddy 

405  John  Lignce 

406  WiUiam  Sughin 

407  John  Wright 

408  William  Sughin 

409  Thomas  Morton 

410  John  Warner 

4 1 1  Thos.  Murrough 

412  T.  Mordonton 

413  Patrick  Rice 

4 1 4  Thos.  Mollenton 

415  Robert  Gardiner 

416  Robert  Gardiner 

417  Robert  Gardiner 

418  Robert  Gardiner 

419  Thos.  Mollenton 

420  Thos.  Mollenton 

421  Robt.  Bordener 

422  Thos.  Mollenton 

423  Pierce  Drooper 

424  Robert  Gardiner 

425  D.  Landebrook 

426  GeoffryW^hite 

427  D.  Landebrook 

428  Edward  Dantz 


429  Godfry'.WaUe 

430  Geoflr.  Gallway 

431  William  Anasey 

432  William  Anasey 

433  John  Menia 

435  John  Murrough 

436  G.  Gallway 

437  John  Murrough 

438  John  Skiddy 

439  John  Skiddy 

440  John  Meagh 

441  John  Morrough| 

442  William  Gold 

443  WilUam  Gold 

444  John  Murrough 

445  John  Gold 

446  Richard  Skiddy 

447  John  Gold. 

448  Patk.  Gallway 

449  John  Ghdlway 

450  Richard  Skiddy 

451  John  Gold 
45-2  Richard  Skiddy 

453  Wm.  Gallway 

454  WnUam  Skiddy 

455  Richd.  Lavallen 

456  Wm.  Gallway 

457  Richard  Skiddy 

458  William  Skiddy 

459  Patk.  Gallway 

460  Thos.  Murrough 

461  Richard  Skiddy 

462  John  Gallway 

463  William  Gold 

464  John  Gold 

465  John  Skiddy 

466  Richard  Skiddy 

467  John  Meagh 

468  Godfry  Naiole 


469  John  Mezca 

470  Richard  Skiddy 

471  John  Gallway 

472  Wm.  Gallway 

473  Thos.  Murrough 

474  William  Skiddy 

475  Richd.  Lavallen 

476  John  Gallway 

477  Wm.  Gallway 

478  Richard  Skiddy 

479  William  Skiddy 

480  WiUiam  Skiddy 

481  Wm.  Gallway 

482  Richd.  Gallway 

483  Wm.  Gallway 

484  William  Skiddy 

485  Patk.  Gallway 

486  Wm.  Gallway 
4at  William  Skiddy 

488  Maurice  Roche 

489  Wm.  Gallway 

490  John  Walters 

491  Maurice  Roche 

492  John  Lavallen 
498  William  Gold 

494  John  Walters 

495  Thos.  Ck>ppinger 

496  John  Lavallin 

497  Maurice  Roche 

498  John  Lavallin 

499  John  Walters 

500  Maurice  Roche 

501  William  Gold 

502  Wm.  Gallway 

503  Edmund  Gold 

504  John  Gbillway 

505  William  Terry 

506  William  Skiddy 

507  John  Skiddy 


388  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

508  Richd.  Qallway  1542  Wm.  Sarsfield  1576  William  Roche 

609  Edm.  Gallway  1543  William  Skiddy  1577  John  Qold 

510  Edmund  Qold  1544  James  Gold  157ft  WalterGaUwmy 

511  Edmund  Terry  1545  Richard  Gold  1579  Maurice  Boche 

5 1 2  John  Gallway  1 546  William  Qold  1580  Thomas  SanfieU 

513  John  Roche  1547  William  Qold  1581  Christ.  Wa^ten 

514  Edmund  Terry  1548  Patrick  Meagh  1582  Patk.  Gallway 

515  Richard  Skiddy  1549  Thos.  Ronayne  1588  James  Roche 

516  Walt.  Gallway  1 550  Dominick  Roche  1 5  84  Geoige  Gold 

5 1 7  John  Skiddy  1 55 1  William  Terry  1585  Stephen  Waltera 

5 18  Nicholas  Skiddy  1552  James  Roche  1586  Stephen  Tpaj 

519  Patrick  Terry  1553  Patk.  Gallway  1587  Robt  Coppinger 

520  Edmund  Roche  1554  James  Gold  1588  Edmund  Itoy 

521  David  Terry  1555  Christ.  Meagh  1589  John  Skiddy 

522  Richard  Gold  1556  Wm.  Sarsfield  1590  Dominiid^  Boeha 

523  Maurice  Roche  1557  William  Skiddy  1591  David  T^ 

524  Edmund  Gold  1558  Dominick  Roche  1592  Henry  Walsh 

525  William  Terry  1559  Edmund  Gold  1593  Patk.  Gallway 

526  John  Skiddy  1560  Edw.  Gallway  1594  fVanoiH  ICartel 

527  Walt.  Gallway  1561  John  Gallway  1595  James  Mea^ 

528  John  Skiddy  1562  A.  Gallway  1596  Patk.  Gfellwqr 

529  Patrick  Terry  1563  Maurice  Roche  1597  George  Odd 

530  Edmund  Roche  1564  S.  Coppinger  1598  John  Skiddy 

531  Richard  Gold  1565  Richard  Roche  1599  James  SanSeU 

532  Patk.  Gallway  1566  Wm.  Gallway  1600  T^Uiam  Mead 

533  David  Roche  1567  Edmund  Gold  1601  John  Mead 
584  James  Gold  1568  John  Gallway  1602  John  Obp|nB(er 

535  Wm.  Coppinger  1569  A.  Gallway  1608  Thomail 

536  Rohert  Meagh  1570  John  Meagh  1 604  Edmund  Terty 

537  Thos.  Ronayne  1571  Maurice  Roche  1605  Robt  CSe^pwgerr 

538  William  Terry  1572  S.  Coppinger  1606  Wm.  Satifield 

539  James  Roche  157S  John  Walters  1607  Philip  Mirtd 

540  Richard  Terry  1574  William  Terry  1608  David  Teny  . . 

541  Christ.  Creagh  1575  James  Ronayne  1609  Dominidk  Boaha 

I  cannot  vouch  for  the  perfect  correctness  of  flie 
following  list  of  mayors  and  sherifb,  bat  it  is  as 
coiTect  as  I  can  make  it : — 


MAYORS  AND   SHEBIFF6   OF  COBK. 


389 


HAYOBS. 


SHEBIFFS. 


1610  Edmond    Qallwey,  Edward  Roohe,  Henry  Gould  Fitz-Piers 

Oct.,  1609 

1611  George  Gold  Fitz-  Dominick  T^rry  Fitz-Edmond,  Andrew 
Edmond,  Oct.  1,1610     Gallwey  Fitz- Walter 

1612  Domk.  Tyrry  Fitz-  Stephen   Miaglji   Fitz-Garrett,   Patrick 

Edmond,      Sept.  Lawallyne  Fitz-Richard 
30,  1611 

Dominick  Gallwey,  Nicholas  Roohe,  who  died  in  office^  and 

Jan  31,  1611  was  succeeded  hy  Ed.  Roche  Fitz-John 

1613  Wm.  Skiddy  Fitz-  George  Lombard,  George  Morrogh 

John,  Oct.  1,1612 

1613  Patrick  Tyrry  Fitz-  John  CoUinayi^e,  Maurice  Kynt 
William,  Jan.  13,1612 

1614  D.  T.   Fitz-David,  Edmond    Gold    Fitz-George,      Philip 

Oct.  6,  1613  Pounch  Fitz-John 

E.  T.  Fitz-Edmond,  Adam  Gold  Fitz-Patriok,    Christopher 


Jan.  13,  1613 
1615  W.  G.  Fitz-George, 
Oct.  3,  1614 


Grallwey 
Edmond  Gold  FitaMSenryy     Nicholas 
Lombard  Fitz-James 


}616  G.  T.  Fitz-Edmond,     Dominick  Roohe  Fitz-James 


Oct.  2, 1615 


John  Grallwey,  James  Gold 


John  C.  Fitz-John,     Maurice    Roche    Fitz-James,    Thomas 
Jan.  31,  1615  Martell  Fitz-Philip 

1617  Patrick  Tyrry,  July     John    Copping  er    Fitz-John,    William 

20,  1616  Gallwey  Fitz-Edmond 

1618  W.  G.  Fitz-George,     Thomas  Morly,  Lancellot  Teape 

Oct.  6,  1617 

1619  J.  Coppinger  Fitz-     Robert  Glover,  Richard  Cooke 

John,  Oct  5,1618 

1 620  W.  T.  Fitz-Richard.     John  Ghilbert,  Robert  Myntren 

1621  A.  S.  Fitz- William,     Henry  Roberts,  Richard  Rowse 

Oct.  2,  1620 

1622  J.  Coppinger,  Jun., 

Oct.  1,  1621 

1623  J.  R.  Fitz-Patrick, 

Sept.  30,  1622 

1624  J.Roche,Sept.6,1623  James  Lombard,  James Kearney 


John  Addisy  John  Tucker 
Richard  Connell,  Edmond  Murphy 


890  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

1 625  H.  Gold  Fitz- Adam,  John  Miagh  Fitz-Henry,  Bichd.  HaUyn 

Oct.  4,  1624  Fitz-Robert 

1626  E.  M.  Fitz-Philip,  Stephen  Martell,  Da^id  Lombard  Fitz- 

Oct.  3,  1625  James 

1627  Wm.  Hore,  Oct  2,  John  Gold  Fitz-James,  James  Mathew 

1626  Fitz- James 

1628  D.  T.  Fitz-Edmond,  Stephen  Gould,  James  Fitz-Gexald 

Oct.  1,  1627 

1629  Jas.Murroghe,  Oct.  Maurice   Roche  Fitz-Patribk,  Melchcr 

0,  1628  Lavallin 

1 630  Hiomas  Ronajne . .  W.  T.  Fitz-George,  T.  Fitz-John-Genad 

1631  Maurice  Roche,  Oct.  Micholas  Skiddy,  Patrick  Drady 

4,  1630 

1632  J.  G.  Fitz-Patriok,  Richard  Tirry,  John  Drady 

Oct.  3,  1631 

1633  W.  R.  Fitz-Domin-  Robert  Goppinger,  Edward  Oould 

ick,  Oct.  1,  1632 

1634  Richd.  Roche,  Sept.  Robert  Verdon,  Dominiok  Tiny 

30,  163a 

1635  Thos.  Marten,  Oct.  James    Roche    Fitz- Patrick,    WiOitafc^ 

6,  1634  Kearney 

1636  Robert  Miagh,  Oct  William  White,  Dominick  Morrogh 

5,  1635 

1637  Dayid  Meade,  Oct  Patrick  Arthur,  William  Verdon 

8,  1636 

1638  Patrick     Lavalin,  Thomas  Sarsfield,  William  Tiny 

Aug.  18,  1637 

1639  T.   Sarsfield,    Aug.  James    Fitz-Patrick    Sarsfield,    Jame^ 

2 1 ,  1 639  Fitz-Dayid  Gould 

1640  T.  Fitz-Geo.  Goold,  Stephen  Goppinger,  John  Fitz-Mamm 

Sept  3,  1639  Roche 

1641  Melcher   Lavallin,  George    Tirry    Fitz- William,      Philip 

Oct.  5,  1640  Martell  Fitz-Edward 

1642  M.  R.  Fitz-Patriok,  Francis  Roche,  Edmond  Roche 

Nov.  1,  1641 

1643  John   Roche   Fitz-  R.  Golwey,  P.  Roche;  ihe  latter  hmvk^ 
Maurice,  Oct.  3, 1 631      died  before  he  was  swom^  R.  T.  Kti- 

1644  Robert  Goppinger  Robert  was  elected,  on  the  IBth  d%  ef 

1645  James  Lombard  October,  in  his  stead 


MAYOBS   AND   SHERIFFS   OP   COBK. 


391 


1656  John  Hodder*    . 

1657  WiUiamHodder  . 

1658  Philip  Mathews  . 

1659  Jonas  Morris 

1660  Chris.  Oliver 

1661  Walt.  Cooper 

1662  Rich.  Covett 

1663  James  Vandeluer. 

1664  Rich.  Basset 

1665  Noblet  Dunscombe 

1666  Thos.  Farren 

1667  Christopher  Rye  . 

1668  Christopher  Rye  . 

1669  Mathew  Deane     . 

1670  James  Finch 

1671  Jn.  Newenham    . 

1672  John  Hawkins     . 

1673  Thomas  Mills 

1674  John  Bayley 

1675  Geo.  Wright 

1676  WiUiam  Field      . 

1677  Timothy  Tuckey  . 

1678  Thos.  Kitchenman 

1679  John  Bayley 

1680  Robert  Rogers     . 

1681  William  Al win   .. 

1682  Richard  Covett    , 

1683  John  Wright 

1684  Edward  Webber  . 

1685  Christopher  Crofts 

1686  Edward  Hoare     . 
1687t  WiUiamBaUard 

1688  Patrick  Roche 

1689  Dominick  Sarsfield 


William  Hodder,  Philip  Mathews 
Richard  Covett,  Timothy  Tuckey 
Richard  Basset,  John  Bayley 
Richard  Lane,  Noblet  Diinscombe 
Thomas  Farren,  John  Flynn 
Christopher  Rye,  Nicholas  Sling 
Robert  WiUiams,  Thomas  Crook 
William  French,  Richard  Purdon 
James  Finch,  Mathew  Deane 
John  Newenham,  Patrick  Ronayne 
John  Hawkins,  Timothy  Tuckey 
Thomas  Mill,  Qeorge  Wright 
Thomas  Kitchenman,  Robert  Fletcher 
William  Field,  Richard  Harvey 
WUliam  Wren,  Thomas  Walker 
Jonathan  Perry,  John  Bayley 
Thomas  Franklin,  John  Terry 
James  Mills,  Thomas  Wills 
Robert  Rogers,  William  Hull 
John  Wright,  Edward  Webber 
Edward  Youd,  John  Sealy 
William  Allen,  Christopher  Crofts 
William  Malebome,  Richard  Terry 
William  Ballard,  William  Howell 
Randal  Hull,  Henry  Qerald 
Thomas  Croneen,  Stephen  Cook 
William  Charters,  Eleazer  Lavers 
Zachariah  Coke,  Samuel  Bayley 
Edward  Hoare,  John  Bayley 
Daniel  Crone,  John  Champion 
Thomas  Browne,  Edward  Tucker 
William  Coppinger,  William  White 
Bat.  French,  Thomas  Morrough 
Patrick  Meade,  Patrick  Nagle 


*  For  ten  years  there  were  no  civil  maeistrates,  it  being  the  period  of  Crom- 
well's usurpation.  In  the  year  1655,  Sir  William  Fenton,  and  four  others,  who 
were  ancient  freemen  of  the  city,  met  together  and  elected  John  Hodder,  Mayor, 
and  William  Hodder  and  Philip  Mathews,  Sherifis.  Since  this  time  all  the  offices 
of  the  Corporation  have  been  nlled  by  Protestants. 

1 1687. — Ignatius  Gould  was  also  mayor  this  year,  for  James  II. 


392 


HISTORY   OF   CORE. 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


690  WiUiam  Ballard  . . 

691  Daniel  Crone 

692  William  Charters 

693  William  HoweU  . . 

694  Peter  Renew 

695  Samuel  Loye 

696  Jas.  French 

697  William  Roberts  . . 

698  William  Goddard 

699  Theo.  Morris 

700  John  Sealy 

701  Simon  Dring 

702  John  Whiting      . 

703  £dm.  Knapp 

704  William  Andrews 

705  Fras.  Cotterel 

706  Bernard  Poye 

707  Jos.  Franklin 

708  Row.  Delahoyde  . . 

709  Noblet  Rogers     . . 

710  Edward  Hoare     • . 

711  Richard  Philips  ... 

712  Daniel  Perdriau  • . 

713  John  Allen 

714  Edward  Browne  . . 

715  PhiHp  French 

716  William  Lambley 

717  Abraham  French 

718  John  Morley 

719  John  Terry 

720  Joseph  Layite 

721  William  Hawkins 

722  Dan.  Pierce 

723  Ed.  Brocklesby 

724  Qeo.  Bennet 

725  Amb.  Cramer 

726  Robert  Atkins 

727  Thomas  Brown 

728  Hugh  Millard 


•  • 


William  Roberts,  William  Green 
Peter  Renew,  Samuel  Love 
John  Whiting,  Richard  SAocomb 
James  French,  Simon  Dring 
John  Raynes,  William  Goddard 
Ed.  Knap,  Jonathan  Tressilion 
Theoph.  Morice,  Ferd.  Peningtooi 
Richard  Crab,  Thomas  Kinsmell 
William  Andrews,  Edward  Teamans 
Barth.  Taylor,  John  Allen 
Joseph  Ruddock,  Fr.  Cotterel 
Joseph  Franklin,  Bern.  Poye 
William  Masters,  Abrahum  Watkins 
Mathins  Smith,  Edward  Brown 
Daniel  Perdriau,  Rowl.  Delaboyde 
William  Cockeril,  Daniel  Pierce 
Noblet  Rogers,  Patrick  Hamilton 
Edward  Hoare,  John  Elawkins 
William  Lambley,  James  Morison 
Richard  Philips,  Samuel  WHaon 
Thomas  Barry,  Samuel  Ablin 
John  Terry,  Richard  AbdiiB 
Philip  French,  Anthony  Goss 
Abraham  French,  Joseph  Layite 
John  Morison,  Hugh  MiDard 
John  Morley,  Francis  Power 
Thomas  Shears,  Thomas  Brown 
William  Hawkins,  Charles  Cotterel 
Edw.  Brocklesby,  Joseph  Auslm 
John  Maunsel,  George  FQ^er 
Samuel  Croker,  James  Farroaut 
William  Ougan,  Augustus  Carr^ 
Robert  Atkins,  George  Bennet 
Amb.  Cramer,  James  Hulet 
Francis  Rowland,  Thomas  Pembi 
William  Bustead,  John  Franklin 
James  Crook,  Ambrose  Jadcson 
John  Atkins,  William  Lane 
Dan.  Engane,  Thomas  Austin 


HiLTOBS  AND   SHERIFFS. 


393 


•  • 


•   • 


•  • 


Jolin  Atkins 
Jo6.  Austin 
James  Hulet 
Sam.  Croker 
Ihomas  Pembroke 
G^eo.  Fuller 
^mb.  Jackson 
rhomas  Farren    . 
John  Baldwin 
^dam  Newman   . , 
IVilliam  Fuller    . . 
larding  Parker  . . 
[lichard  Bradshaw 
Nm.  Owgans 
landle  Westrop  . . 
Villiam  Winthrop 
Villiam  Lavite    . . 
Villiam  Taylor    . . 
[ugh  Milliard 
^an.  Crone  • . 

William  Holmes  . 
lobert  Wrixon    . 
William  Busteed. . 
lathias  Smith 
ir  J.  Freke,  bart. 
eorge  Hodder    . , 
3hn  Reily 
/^m.  Harding 
sher  Philpott    ,  • 
)hn  Swete 
hineas  Bury 
)seph  Witheral . . 
ndrew  Franklin . . 
>hn  Wrixon 
>hn  Smith 
jyle  Travers 
^illiam  Parks     . . 
im.  Maylor 
ts.  Chatterton    . . 
u. 


Franeis  Healy,  Harding  Parker 
Whetenhal  Hignet,  John  Baldwin 
Jamfis  Piercy,  Robert  Travers 
Wm.  Newenham,  Adam  Newman 
Robert  Dring,  Walter  Lavite 
Thomas  Farren,  Wm.  Delahoyde 
William  Fuller,  Thomas  Brown 
Daniel  Qrone,  Richard  Bradshaw 
Christ.  Carletou,  Hor.  Townsend 
Randal  Westropp,  Natb.  Bany 
John  Terry,  NeUet  Philips 
G^rge  Fuller,  William  Clarke 
William  Taylor,  William  Winthrop 
Mathias  Smith,  Hugh  Millard 
Robert  Wrixon,  William  Harding 
Sir  Richard  Cox,  bart..  Usher  Plilpot 
Nicholas  Ford,  David  Bruce 
Phineas  Bi^,  William  Holmes 
William  Busteed,  Qeoi^  Hodder 
James  Chatterton,  Hugh  Reily 
Jotm  Webb,  John  Swete 
Sir  J.  Freke,  bart.,  R.  Newenham 
Francis  Carleton,  Hugh  Swayne 
John  Wrixon,  Stephen  Denroohe 
John  Cossart,  Eevan  Izod 
John  Smith,  Jos.  Witheral 
Samuel  Maylor,  Godfrey  Baker 
Thomas  Newenham,  John  Roe 
Boyle  Travers,  P.  Westropp 
W.  Parks,  Christ.  Collis 
Andrew  Franklin,  Dan  Connor 
H.  Harding,  Thomas  Owgan 
W.  Fitton,  James  Morrison 
Walter  Travers,  Robert  Lane 
Francis  Rowland,  William  Coles 
Henry  Wrixon,  William  Butler 
Sam.  Rowland,  W.  Wilcocks 
John  Travers,  John  Harding 
S.  Twogood  French,  H.  Lawton 

26 


394 


HISTOST  i>F  CORK. 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


1768  Noble  PhiUips 

1 769  Godfrey  Baker 

1770  Chriflt.  Collis 

1771  John  Webb 

1772  John  Roe 

1773  Francis  Rowland. . 

1 774  John  Travers       •  • 

1775  Waiiam  Butler    .. 

1776  Hugh  Lawton      .  • 

1777  Thomas  Owgan    .• 

1778  Palms  Westropp  . . 

1779  John  Harding 

1780  Fn.  Carleton 

1781  Walter  Travers    .. 

1782  Sober  Kent 

1783  Richard  Kellet     .. 

1 784  James  Morrisson  .  • 

1785  Sir  John  Franklin 

1 786  Sir  Samuel  Rowland 

1787  James  Kingston  . . 

1 788  Richard  Purcell  .. 

1789  H.   Harding,  died. 
Sticeeeded  by  Humphry 
Crowly 

1 790  Richard  Harris 

1791  Henry  Puxley 

1792  John  Shaw 

1 793  William  Wilcocks 

1794  John  Thompson  . 


Sober  Kent,  Richard  Lloyd 
Benjamin  Bousfield,  Richard  Kellet 
Peter  Cossart,  Jasper  Lucas 
John  Wrixon,  Henry  Puzley 
Richard  Harris,  John  Franklin 
Kingsmill  Berry,  FranoiB  Carleton, , 
Thomas  Fuller,  Philip  Bennet 
W.  Lawton,  M  R. Wettn^ip,  C.  Denit 
John  Day,  William  Leycester 
Thomas  Harding,  Richard  Lane 
Christopher  Lawton,  Richard  Puree 
Michael  Busteed,  Yesian  Pick 
James  Kingston,  Aylmer  Allen 
R.  Hutchinson,  Peter  Dumas 
John  Thompson,  J.  Lindsay 
John  Shaw,  Thomas  Waggett 
Philip  Allen,  Humphrey  Crowley 
William  Lumley,  Henry  Sadkir 
Christopher  Allen,  Christopher  Wag 
Rowland  Morrisson,  Jeff.  Pierqy 
J.  Herbert  Orpen,  Paul  Maylor 
Thomas  Harding,  jun.,  N.  Johnson 


•  • 


C.  Ferguson,  Sir  H.  B.  Hayes 
James  Sadleir,  Thomas  Dorman 
William  Clerke,  John  Forster 
Charles  Eyanson,  William  Lane 
David  Perrier,  Knighted  whiU  m  o 

Henry  Bagnell 
Strettel  Jackson,  Michael  Wood 
1796  y.   Pick,  Knighted    Thomas  Oibbings,  Edward  Alkn 
while  in  office 

Robert  Harding,  John  Cuthbert,  ju 
Abraham  Lane,  Isaac  Jones 
Thomas  Pope,  Richard  Digby 
Henry  Hickman,  William  Lane 
John  George  Newsom,  J.  N.  Wris 
Thomas  Dunscombe,  Christopher  C 


1795  Jasper  Lucas 


1797  Kingsmill  Berry 

1798  Philip  Bennett 

1 799  Michael  Busteed 

1800  Philip  Allen 

1801  Michl.  R.  Westropp 

1802  Richard  Lane 


•  < 


•  • 


UAY0B3  AND   SHERIFFS  OF  COBK. 


395 


1803  C.AMeiiydied.   Sue-    John  Cotter,  jun.,  William  Busteed 
c^eeM  by  T.WdLggeit  . 


•  • 


Peter  Besnard,  (George  Knapp 
Richard  N.  Parker,  Richard  Maguire 
Richard  Lane,  Charles  Cole 
Joseph  Leycester,  George  S.  Waggett 
Wm.  Jameson,  jim.,  Anthony  Perrier, 

Knighted  tchile  in  ojffUt 
Thomas  Harris,  John  D.  Church 
Robert  Deane,  J.  Besnard,  jmi. 
Edward  Newsonx,  James  Lane 
Bartholomew  Qibbings,  Francis  Hodder 
Joseph  Garde,  Henry  Bagnell,  jmi. 
Henry  Bennett,  William  Johnson 
Thomas  Deane,  William  Lucas 
Charles  Perry,  Charles  Eyanson 
J.  W.  Newsom,  Samuel  Lane 
H.  B.  Westropp,  T.  F.  Harrison 
William  Preston  White,  G^rge  Atkins 
Lionel  J.  Westropp,  T.  P.  Boland 
Isaac  Morgan,  R.  Leycester 
John  Saunders,  Julius  Besnard 
William  Crofts,  Robert  Lawe 
Edward  Colbume,  John  Bagnell 
George  Newsom,  Andrew  Spearing 
John  Wallis,  William  J.  Jones 
Robert  Eyory,  Osborne  Savage 
Samuel  Perry,  jun.,  J.  J.  Cummins 
James  Wallis,  Nicholas  Vincent 
George    W.    Foott,    Thomas    Deane, 

Knighted  while  in  office 
Aylmer  Richard  Martin,  William  John 
Charles  E.  Hardy,  Wm.  Lumley  Perrier 
Randal  Howe,  Aylmer  Allen 


1804  Charles  Eyanson 

1805  Rowland  Morrison 

1806  John  Day 

1807  Thomas  Harding. . 

1808  John  Forster 

1 809  Noblet  Johnson  • . 

1810  Paul  Maylor 

1811  Thomas  Dorman  .  • 

1812  Peter  Dumas 

1813  Sir  D.  Perrier,  knt. 

1814  John  G^.  Newsom, 

1815  Henry  Sadleir      .. 

1816  Edward  Allen      .. 

1817  Thomas  Gibbings. . 

1818  Richard  Digby     .. 

1819  Isaac  Jones 

1820  Sir  A.  Perrier      . . 

1821  Edward  Newsom . . 

1822  Henry  Bagnell     .. 

1823  Barthw  Gibbings.. 

1 824  J.  N.  Wrixon       . . 

1825  T.  F.  Harrison     •• 
l8-26Richd.  N.Parker.. 

1827  Thos.  Dunscombe . . 

1828  Thomas  Pope 

1829  George  Knapp     .. 

1830  Joseph  Garde 

1831  John  Besnard 

1832  Joseph  Leycester 

1833  Chailes  Perry       .. 

1 834  Richard  Lane,  (/iW.     William  White.  Knighted  while  in  office. 
Succeeded  by  A,Spea.rmg      George  Foott 

1835  Peter  Besnard      . .     William  Rogers,  J.  B.  Ballard 

1 836  John  Saunders     . .     James  C.  Perry,  Richard  B.  Tooker 

1837  John  Bagnell        . .     Robert  Vincent,  George  F.  Sadleir 


396  nisxoHT  of  cork. 

1838  Lionel  J.  Westropp    Thomas  Exham,  NioholM  OuBmioft 

1839  James  Lane         . .     George  Newsom,  William  Hania 

1840  Julius  Besnard    ..«     Ben.  Deeble,  Jas.  Dowman 


1841  Thomas  Lyons     . .  ■■     ■  ^ 

1842  F.  B.  Beamish     ..     Sir  George  Gk)oId,  bart*    ' 
1849  James  Morgan 

1844  William  Fagan    ..  William  Eissane  Rogers 

1 845  Rd.  Dowden  (Bd.)  James  Monrough 

1846  Andrew  F.  Roohe  David  Leahy  Arthur 

1 847  Edward  HaokeU  . .  Jer.  Stack  Murphy 

1848  William  Lyons    ••  Thos.  Summerville  Reeves 

1 849  Same.    Kni^hUd.  Thomas  R.  Sarsfield 
18£0  John  Shea           .  •  Wm.  Wriion  Lojoester 

1851  James  Lambkin  Sir  Thomas  Deana 

1852  Wm.Haokett  Knid.  Francis  B.  Beamish 

1853  John  F.  Maguire  Andrew  G.  Wood 

1 854  John  N.  Murphy  Francis  Lyons 

1855  John  Gordon.  KnUL  North  Ludlow  Beamish 

1 856  William  Fitzgibbon  Sir  William  Lyons 

1857  Same  John  Nicholas  Murphji 

1858  Daniel  Donegan  •  •  Gudfrey  Thomas  Baker 

1 859  John  Amott        •  •  William  Horatio  Crawlbrd 

1 860  Same.    KfUghUd  Fn^^ieia  Robert  I^eahy 

1861  S$me  ••  William  Johnson 

Since  tlie  Beformed  CorpoTation  act  of  3  Yiotoria, 
there  was  an  act  to  amend  this  passed  the  24tli  of 
August,  1843,  which  requires  that  the  Toting  burgefs 
shall  be  rated  at  five  pounds,  and  the  elected  membw 
at  twenty  pounds. 

By  the  Cork  improyement  act  of  1861,  the  offioe  of 
Treasurer  of  the  county  of  the  city  of  Cork  was  abo* 
lished. 

There  was  an  act  passed  in  June,  1866,  to  enable 
the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  burgesses  of  Cork  to  remoTe 
certain  bridges,  build  new  ones,  and  confirm  oertain 

«  Sir  OMrg$  Goold,  bari. — ^The  metioe  of  electmg  two  sheiiib  lor  tlis  «i^ 
Ytw  abolished  by  3  ft  4  Victoria,  and  the  ^ypointment  of  one  reited  im  ths  owb. 


>r' 


NEW   BRIDGES  ilND   WATER-WOBKS.  397 

arrangements  with  the  pipe- water  trustees^  atid  to  alter, 
amend,  and  enlarge  certain  powers  and  provisions  of 
the  Cork  improvement  act  of  1852.  The  new  act 
commences  thus : 

'*  Whereas  the  bridge  in  the  borovgb  of  Cork,  known  ba  6t. 
Patrick's  bridge,  was  by  a  fl6od  in  the  riyer  Lee,  on  the  2iid  dajr  of 
NoTember,  partially  de8ttx)yed ;  and  whereas  it  is  expedient  that 
the  mayor,  aldermen  and  burgesses  of  the  borough  be  enabled  to 
remove  the  remaining  portions  of  that  bridge,  and  instead  tSiet^f, 
to  build  a  new  bridge  over  the  said  river  in  the  borough,  at  or  near 
the  site  of  that  bridge.  And  whereas  the  bridge  in  the  borough, 
known  as  Northgate  bridge,  as  at  present  constructed,  interferes 
with  the  free  flow  of  the  said  river  Lee,  and  is  the  cause  of  constant 
floods  in  the  upper  and  middle  districts  of  the  borough;  and' whereas 
it  is  expedient  that  the  corporation  be  enabled  to  remove  the  said 
Northgate  bridge,  and  instead  of  that  bridge,  to  build  a  new  bridge 
over  the  said  river,  in  the  borough  at  or  near  the  site  of  that 
bridge'* — 

It  was  by  the  authority  of  this  act  that  the  corpora- 
tion purchased  the  shares  of  the  Pipe  Water  Trustees, 
and  now  levies  a  public  or  domestic  water  rate,  St. 
Patrick's  bridge  is  in  course  of  erection,  but  we  hear 
nothing  as  yet  of  the  removal  of  the  Northgate  bridge ; 
but  Bome  was  not  built  in  a  day,  and  much  has  been 
done  of  late  years  by  the  corporation  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  city.  The  following  is  the  sum  total  of 
the  receipts  of  the  various  departments  of  the  corpo- 
ration, from  1st  September,  1859,  to  1860  :— 

Borough  Fund,               -  -  £12798  12     7 

General  Purpose  Fund,  -  10856  17  11 

Improvement  Fund,       -  -  14833     8     9 

Pipe  Water  Fund,         -  -  2068  18     6 

Pipe  Water  Revenue  Account,  -  6863  15  11 

Bridge  Fund,                  -  -  7481      1   11 

Total,         £54,887  15     7 


398 


HISIORT   OF   COBK. 


The  following  ia  the  statement  of  ^ash  balances  to 
the  31st  of  August,  1860  :— 


JBt. 

®t* 

Borougli  Fund, 

— 

£3900     5 

2 

General  Purpose  Fund, 

111     1     2 

— 

Improvement  Fund, 

212     6  10 

— 

Pipe  Water  Fund, 

807     5  10 

— 

Pipe  Water  Revenue, 

3025     1     4 

— 

Bridge  Fund, 

— 

1286     8 

11 

£4155  15    2 

£5186  14 

8 

The  City  Treasurer  says,  writing  April  11,  1861, 
^'  I  don't  beUeye  there  is  any  corporation  in  Ireland  in 
such  a  flourishing  condition.  The  corporation  of  Cork 
contrasts  most  favorably  with  those  of  Dublin  and 
Belfast.  The  rates  levied  off  the  city  of  Cork  have 
not  been  so  low  for  the  past  twenty  years  as  during 
the  last  twelve  months ;  and,  notwithstanding  that  the 
city  has  extended  and  increased  during  the  period 
mentioned,  nevertheless,  the  city  rates  have  annual^ 
decreased.  ^^  As  regards  our  improvement  rate  we  have 
power  to  levy  5s.  in  the  pound  per  annum,  and  during 
the  past  year  it  has  been  only  2s.  in  the  pound,  or 
£16,200  under  our  maximum  rating  power  on  the 
whole  area  of  taxation.  We  have  power,  also,  to  levy 
a  '  borough  rate,'  and  we  have  not  hitherto  availed  of 
it.  The  debt  occasioned  by  the  "Water  Works  will  be 
reduced  out  of  the  water  rates,  by  about  one  thousand 
pounds  per  annum.  This  can  scarcely  be  looked  upon 
in  the  light  of  a  debt  on  the  city,  the  citizens  getting 
an  abundant  supply  of  the  purest  water  on  the  most 
economical  terms." 


BOBOUQE  FUNDS. 


399 


E  5 


ir 


11 


sir 

se-l 


HI' 


li 


i    I 


J  .»  ft  r  ? 


Irti    ill 


400  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

The  revenues  of  the  city  about  the  year  1750  were 
as  follows  :* — 

Fee-fiffm  rents,  -  -  £S4S  19  8| 

Leaflet  for  yean,  -  -  73    0  0 

Tolb  or  Oateage,  -  -  -  600    0  0     . 

Shambles,  -  -  140    0  0 

For  standing  of  pedlars,  -  -  60    0  0 

Paid  by  water-bailiff  -  -  80    0  0 

£1286  19    Si 

The  following  is  Smith's  list  of  the  salaries  of  the 
officer's  of  the  city,  iirespeotive  of  <<  a  gainea  for  eaeh 
sermon  on  state  days/'  twenty  pounds  per  annum  to 
reduced  widows  of  aldermen,  and  fifteen  pounds  to 
reduced  widows  of  burgesses. 

The  Mayor's  salary  has  been  of  late  years,  £500    0    0 

That  of  the  Keeorder, 

The  Chamberlaiu, 

A  Sword-bearer, 

The  City  Surveyor, 

Two  Serjeants  at  mace,  to  attend  the  mayor,  each  £5,       10    0    0 

Two  bellmen,  £8  each  per  annnm,  and  for  the) 
dothing  £6  eadi,  •  •       J 

Keeper  of  the  Bxehange,  6    0    0 

Keeper  of  the  city  elodks,  .  5    0    0 

The  city  pays  ground  rent  fbr  the  Exchange,  which  \ 
is  payable  to  the  Roches  far  the  site  of  Golden  / 
Castle,  that  stood  where  liie  Sxohange  is  built,  >     30    0    0 
and  the  same  &mily  has  another  castle. in  Shan-  ( 
don  Castle  Lane,  called  Short  Castle,  / 

For  guard-room  for  officers. 

For  judges' lodgings, 

For  fire  and  candles  for  city  guard. 

To  captain  of  the  halbardiers. 


60  0  0 

80  0  p 

10  0  0 

SO  0  0 


0    0 


8    0  0 

5    0  0 

80    0  0 

4  la  0 


£726  IS    9 

The  Cork  Harbour  Commissioners  constitute  liie 
most  important  board  in  oonnexion  with  the  Cknpoim- 


CORK  HARBOUR  BOARD.  401 

tion,  if  we  can  say  it  is  in  oonnexion  with  a  body  of 
^hich  it  is  perfectly  independent.  The  Cork  Harbour 
Commissioners  are  appointed  mider  a  local  act  of  Ist 
George  IV,,  chapter  52,  1820.  They  are  thirty-four 
in  number.  The  two  members  of  Parliament,  and  the 
Mayor,  and  Sheriff  of  the  city  of  Cork  are  ex-officio 
members.  The  remaining  thirty  are  elected  by  the 
Town  Council  of  the  Corporation  of  Cork — five  from 
their  own  body  and  twenty-five  from  the  public  at 
large.  The  qualification  of  a  Harbour  Commissioner 
is  real  estate  of  the  annual  value  of  £30,  or  personal 
estate  to  the  value  of  £1,000.  They  are  the  conser- 
vators of  the  port,  and  possess  a  general  control  over 
the  shipping,  boat-traffic,  and  quayage.  They  appoint 
harbour  masters,  who  have  extensive  powers.  They 
are  a  ballast-board,  and,  as  a  pilotage  authority,  nomi- 
nate and  control  the  pilots. 

Their  produce  on  imports  this  year  is  £7,383  12s.  9d. 
The  largest  items  are — wheat,  262,653  quarters;  In- 
dian com,  187,673  quarters;  tea,  9,321  chests;  deals, 
233,600;  and  staves,  535,702. 

The  produce  of  exports  amounts  to  £2,977  10s.  8d. 
The  principal  items  are  —  butter,  eggs,  bacon,  pigs, 
sheep,  cows,  calves,  wheat,  oats,  barley,  Indian  com, 
flour,  whiskey,  and  gunpowder.  The  total  receipts 
of  the  Harbour  Board,  from  all  sources,  amoimt  to 
£19,608  15s.  Id. 

The  income  of  the  Harbour  Commissioners  is  ex- 
pended in  deepening  the  river,  improving  the  quays, 
and  reclaiming  land  on  the  borders  of  the  river.  Their 
ownership  of  land  is  limited,  by  act  of  parliamwt,  to 
five  acres. 


402 


HISTOBX  OF  COBE. 


The  following  particulars  respeoting  the  trade  oP^ 
Cork,  in  connexion  with  the  Custom  House  for  the  last  ^ 
ten  years,  has  been  forwarded  to  me  by  F.  CassQll,  ^ 
Esquire,  the  Collector  :- 

rear  ending 


5tli  January,  1851 

2 
3 

3l8t  March,         4 

5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
1860 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


Dmtt«6 
Raoeited. 

£246,462 
236,530 
231,395 
228,378 
239,983 
260,437 
273,742 
286,296 
269,073 
271,349 


CDMdngYaMeli 
Inwwd. 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


2,300 
2,399 
1,919 
2,262 
2,298 
2,358 
2,387 
2,845 
2,098 
2,877 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


•  • 


Inward. 

581 

464 

4ie^ 

466 
856 
42a 
864 
864 


865 


This  shews  a  decrease  both  in  the  number,  of 
sels,  and  the  amoimt  of  customs,  compared  with  ilie 
last  ten  years.  The  customs,  of  Cork,  as  giTea  bj 
Smith,  a  hundred  and  twenty  years  ago,  were  as  fol- 
lows : — 

Ynn 

1740 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 


£52,404  9 
54,946  i 
58,038  16 
57,991  8 
54,849  8 
51,764  18 
58,827  18 
54,490  18  10 
64,737  11  01 


10| 

6 
9 


1749,    C&iarter  ending  24tli  June,    27,087    6    9 

The  inland  duties,  excise,  licenses,  quit^zenii  and 
hearth  money,  amounted  to  about  £1,400  per  ammm^ 
exclusive  of  the  collections  of  Einsale,  Baltimon^  nA 
Mallow. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 


^Bl  KITSB  LSB — BLACKSOGK  AlTD  UBSULINB  OOKYBNT — FaAaOX 
^-OIUTT'S  STAIB8  —  KONKSTOWir  CA8TLB  —  BINNA8KIDDT — 
KOCKT  —  HAULBOWLINB  —  WATBB  CLUB  —  QUBBNSTOWN  — 
CHABLBS  WOLFB's  OBAYB — THB  OBBAT  ISLAKD— BBLYBLLT 
CABTLB — BOKAYKB's   OBOYB. 


The  river  Lee  runs  at  the  base  of  a  noble  ohain  of 
hills  which  extend  for  six  miles  above  and  for  four 
miles  below  the  city.  There  is  but  one  natural  pass 
in  this  mountain  range — through  Blackpool.  The 
Great  Southern  and  "Western  Bailway,  which  runs 
under  the  Cork  Barracks  is  tunnelled  through  the  solid 
rock.  The  downs  rest  on  the  old  red  sandstone,  por- 
tions of  which  are  as  hard  as  granite  and  capable  of  a 
fine  polish.  The  sides  of  the  river  are  clothed  with 
rich  foliage,  and  adorned  with  a  number  of  beautiful 
mansions.  We  are  pointed  to  cedars,  at  Tivoli,  said  to 
have  been  planted  by  the  hand  of  Sir  Walter  Baleigh. 
It  was  from  this  part  of  the  river  he  sailed  on  his  last 
unfortunate  expedition.  Among  the  principal  resi- 
dences, on  the  Glanmire  side  of  the  river,  we  may 
mention,    Fort   William,    Sunmier   Hill,    Woodhill,* 

•  WoodhiU,  the  rMidence  of  Cooper  Penrose.  Sarah,  the  daughter  of  John 
Phil  pot  Currao,  who  waa  betrothed  to  Emmet,  waa  mamed  beneath  thif  roof  to 
C^nptain  Henry  Sturgeon. 


404  HISTOEY   OP  COBE. 

East  Yiew,  Lota  More,  Lotabeg,  PFOspeot,  Lota  Parici 
Lota,  Lota  Lodge,  Dunkathal,  and  Inoheia.     Below 
this  we  have  the  Little  Island,  from  which  Lord  TJJa 
takes  his  title.    The  Lisles  or  Lysaghts,  of  MoontnorChi 
are  an  old  family.    John  Lysaght  distinguished  himself 
under  the  Earl  of  Lichiquin,  in  1641,  and  his  001^ 
Nicholas  Lysaght,  commanded  a  troop  of  horse,  in  THny 
William's  regiment,  at  the    battle    of  the    Boyne. 
'^Fleasaot  Ned  Lysaght''    was  a  member  of  thb 
family.     He  is  described  as   '^  short  in  staturOi  with  a 
clever,  queer,  comical,  expression  of  countenance,  and 
a  very  long  nose ;  the  best  wit  on  the  circuity  ffae  best 
song  writer  of  his  day."     He  wrote  the  Sprig  of  EBiilb* 
lagh,  Kate  of  Gamavilla,  and  the  Bakes  of  Mallow* 
Ned  Lysaght  was  god*fiither  to  Liidy  Moi^^alL 

On  the  right  side  of  the  river  from  Gdirk  to  Mdllkl^ 
town  we  have  Ashton,  Cleveland,  OUfton,  DottdHtftttgiF 
and  Bliackrock  Castle.  A  castle  wad  built  hieto  k 
1604,  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant  Mountjoy.  TlMipMMit 
beautiful  little  structure  Was  erected  by  the  tutpMUfloij, 
for  about  £1,000.  It  is  now  in  the  pOSBeaitiiii  of 'tilt 
Harbour  Board.  It  stands  oA  the  prcmokUf  if 
Hinn-Mahon,t  now  called  Bing-MahotL  Die  ttdk 
town  or  village  of  Blackrock  is  a  ple^itlant  MfeifteiMl 
at  a  convenient  distance  from  the  city,  t^hidh  il  roiflhii 
by  a  railroad  in  about  five  minutes.  Illiilili  thd^HM 
of  St.  Finn-Barr's.     The  chui;0h,  whioh  haa  a  flhndtir 


*  DundanioHy  or  Dnn-daingean,   <'a  strong  castle."    We  have  , 

Dangan  Castle,  in  Meath,  formerly  the  residence  of  the  WeUe^  flaiU^. 
danion  house,  near  Cork,  stands  on,  or  near,  the  fite  <tf  an  old  OMUe. 


t  J^mn-ifaAofi,  t.«.,  the  promontory  of  Mahon.    For  the 
promontorj   opposite   Honkstown   was   called   Bian-a-Skiddyi    m 
promontory.   DiTe  Downes  says  of  Binn- Mahon,  "  Eo^  and  OmiMr 
of  those  lands.    They  forfoitea  them  in  the  last  rebellion  to  the  !!■(•. 


BLACKKOCK   CONTENT.  405 

graceful  spire,  is  a  chapel  of  ease  to  the  cathedral. 
The  Ursuline  Convent,  of  Blackrock,  is  a  noble  mansion, 
with  about  40  acres  of  rich  land.  It  contains  47  nuns, 
some  of  whom  superintend  the  education  of  about  60 
young  ladies,  who  board  in  the  house.  They  also 
teach  about  300  children,  in  a  school  connected  with 
the  National  Soard.  This  sisterhood  was  originally 
founded  in  Cork,  in  1771,  and  was  removed  to  Black- 
rock  in  1840.  There  is  a  pleasant  cemetery  on  the 
grounds,  with  white  marble  headstones  ^Uke  the 
shades  of  departed  vestals  —  standing  among  the 
Dypress  trees.  The  sister,  by  whom  we  were  accom- 
panied, smiled  as  she  marked  our  curiosity  in  noting 
the  ages  on  the  tombs.  No  concealment  here.  We 
told  her  of  a  maiden  lady  who  left  it  as  a  dying  request 
that  her  age  should  not  be  recorded  on  the  lid  of  her 
Boffin. 

Proceeding  down  the  river  we  pass,  on  the  right, 
EUng-Mahon,  Lakelands,  Old-Court,  Ardmore,  Bock- 
bgham,  Horsehead,  Pembroke  and  Passage,  which 
consists  of  wharfs,  docks,  two  or  three  terraces,  and  a 
slender  line  of  houses  running  along  the  river.  A 
bw  better  built  mansions  are  beginning  to  climb  the 
sides  of  the  hill.  The  town  contains  a  Protestant 
church,  a  Catholic  chapel,  and  a  Methodist  meeting 
liouse.  Pembrokestown  and  the  town  of  Passage  was 
a^nted  to  John  Parsons  by  James  II.,  and  came  into 
he  possession  of  the  Stamers  and  the  Bolands,  who 
jitermarried  with  the  Parson  family. 

There  is  a  railway,  about  six  miles  in  length,  from 
Uork  to  Passage.  We  learn  from  the  Cork  Directory 
tf  Thomas  Holt,  published  in  1837,  that  in  1810, 


406  HI8I0RT   OF  OOBK. 


"but  one  diligence  ;  i  i1  reen  Cork  and  Passage, 
which  carried  four  lU,     A  which  was  rarely  filled. 

At  present  [1837]  il  300  gingles  licensed,  of 

which,  perhaps,  two  thirds  ran  between  Cork  sad 
Passage,  each  of  which  hoi  s  four  persons.  Some  of 
them  make  three  or  fi  r  tri  a,  daily  ;  besides  a  day 
oar,   whioh  holds  six  ogers.      The    estimated 

annual  nnmber  of  pe:  ;oing  and  retarning,  by 

land,  between  Cork  and  Pi     ige,  is  420,000;" 

The  Hotel  and  Baths  of  Qlenhrook  stand  midwa; 
between  Passage  and  Monkstown.  Viewed  from  the 
river,  they  remind  flie  trav  ller  of  a  Turkish  temple 
on  the  BosphoruB.  On  the  high  ground  conuuaDding 
the  baths,  is  Glenbrook  House,  the  summer  reaidenco 
of  Edmund  Burke,  Esquire,  a  deputy  lieutenant  of  the 
oounty.  Carrig-Mahon  is  noble  mansion,  and  com- 
mands a  splendid  prospect.  Here  we  have  the  Tuikish 
baths  in  perfection,  id  the  hydropathio  system,  con- 
ducted with  ability  id  professional  sk^,  by  the 
proprietor,  T.  Curtin,  '.      .,    LD. 

Between  Can  ion     id  Honkstown  Pier  are  the 

Giant's  Stairs,  or  lat  at  has  been  left  of  them, 

by  the  new  and  beautiful  i  d  whioh  winds  round  the 
shore  beneath  Carrig-Mahon  demesne  and  the  castle 
grounds.  A  vessel,  commanded  by  Captain  Cole, 
foundered  and  went  down  in  the  deep  water,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Giant's  Stairs,  in  1768,     The  stairs  lod  to 

•  JUnwri  Amb.  This  gentlamMi  slated  to  lUe  great  itnteniiui,  irium 
name  he  baan.  ItWM  ths  opinion  of  —  late  James  Uoilic,  of  Cork.  banlB, 
author  of  "Ciitioal  Enaji  and  B«*iein,"  that  Mr.  Burku's  rumitv  U  an  oldd 
branch  of  the  Fiu-Andslm,  or  th«  Bail  of  UUter  (]l<  Buru:o.  tlwii  Ibe  On  Bnm 
of  Cutle-Uonnell,  or  the  Lorda  Claoriekard.  Thix  lamilj  were  in 
amall  portion  of  tbe  Drifinal  inharitanoc  .  ,^,,u. 


D  the  Oe  Bnma 
npoMCHtcamg 


giant's  stairs  and  ronayne's  court.        407 

a  cave,*  in  which,  tradition  says,  Mao  Mahon,  a  giant, 
confined  yonng  Eonayne,  the  heir  to  a  large  property 
in  the  neighbourhood.  The  boy  was  liberated  by  a 
Waoksmith,  who  boldly  entered  the  cave,  bearded  the 
giant,  and  carried  ofi  the  lade 

There  must  be  some  foundation  for  this  story.  The 
cave  is  still  here.  Within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  Carrig- 
Mahon,  or  Mahon's  Eock,  and  three  or  four  miles 
higher  up  the  river  is  Loch  Mahon,  and  on  its  S.  W. 
shore  Binn,  or  Bing-Mahon.  We  hence  conclude,  that 
some  gigantic  Irish  chieftain,  named  Mahon,  had  his 
castle  above  this  cave,  and  that  he  employed  the  cave 
as  the  Earl  of  Desmond  did  the  "  Murdering  Hole," 
beneath  Strancally  Castle,  as  a  prison  or  dungeon. 

Dr.  Smith,  speaking  of  the  Mahons,  says,  *^  These 
Mahowns  derive  their  pedigree  from  Kean  Mac  Moyle 
More,  who  married  Sarah,  daughter  to  Brian  Bom,  by 
whom  he  had  Mahown,  the  ancestor  of  all  the  sept. 
It  is  from  this  Kean  the  village  of  Iniskean,  in  Car- 
bery,  has  its  name,  and  from  this  sept  that  Bandon  is 
sometimes  called  Droghid  MdhonP  Mahon  is  the  an- 
cestor of  the  Mahonys,  or  O'Mahonys. 

The  Bonaynes  lived  at  Bonayne's  Court,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Douglas  river,  within  two  or  three  miles 
of  Carrig-Mahon.  The  old  gabled  house,  with  its  high- 
pitched  roof  and  red  brick  chimneys,  is  standing  to  the 
present  day.  A  chimney-piece  in  one  of  the  rooms 
bears  this  inscription,  "  Morris  Bonayn  and  Margaret 
Gould  builded  this  house,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 

♦  A  cave. — It  is  on  Darling,  or  Fairy  Hill,  the  property  of  James  Johnson 
d'  Altera,  Esquire,  an  oflBcer  in  the  royal  artillery.  The  caTe,  which  had  become 
a  refuge  for  tbicTcs  and  robbers,  was  closed  in  1835.  The  d' Alt  eras  are  of 
French  descent,  and  came  to  this  country  after  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of 

Nantes. 


408  HISTORT   OF  CORK. 

1627,  and  in  the  third  year  of  Eling  Gharles.     Lot* 
God  and  neighbours.    M.K. — ^I.H.8. — M.G.*' 

Some  of  the  Bonajmes  lired  on  the  Great  Maakli  it 
the  other  side  of  the  riyer,  opposite  Canig'Mjibemt 
The  tradition  is,  that  the  blacksmith,  who  libented 
young  Bonayne  from  the  giant  Mahon,  crossed  the 
river  in  a  boat.    Joseph  Sonayne,  Esquire,  of  QneeBs-^ 
town,  informs  me,  that  the  Philip  Bonayne,  mentioiied 
in  the  following  passage  by  Smith,  was  the  Iboy  of  the 
cave : — ^^  Not  for  west  from  the  castle  of  Belirelly  is 
Bonayne's  Grore,*  form^ly  called  Hodnai's  Wood ;  a 
good  house  and  handsome  improvements  of  PhiUp 
Bonayne,   Esquire.      From  the  gardens  one  has  m 
charming  view  of  the  river  and  shipping  up  to  Goik| 
as  also  the  town  of  Passage  on  the  opposite  sihoro. 
This  gentleman  has  distinguished  himsdf  l^  ssi^psnl 
essays  in  the  most  sublime  parts  of  the  matheaiaties; 
among  others,  by  a  treatise  on  algebra,  whiok  luMl 
passed  several  editions,  and  is  muA  read  and  ostosmed 
by  all  the  philomaths  of  the  present  tinA.    Ha  kas 
invented  a  cube,  which  is  perforated  in  such  a  BiamiMP 
that  a  second  cube  of  the  same  dimensioiis  Hiay  be 
passed  through  the  same,  the  possibility  of  wIuiAl  he 
has  demonstrated,  both  geometrically  and  algebnoaallyi 
and  which  has  been  actually  put  in  praotiee  by  tka  in-^ 
genious  Mr.  Daniel  Yorster,!  of  Cork,  wiih  whooi  I 
saw  two  such  cubes.'' 


«  Sonayn^s  Orwe,  formerljf  caUti  Eodmf»  W6oi^  now  ICvfaio^  flit 
of  Thomas  French,  Ksquire.  The  old  house  was  InniMd  dowB  Ml  jmhi^  taft  t 
new  one  is  in  course  of  erection.  The  shore  near  the  hoaw  and  cppowa  Piai||% 
was  called  "  Ronayne's  Strand." 

f  Daniel  VaraUr  wsa  probablj  the  father  of  Elias  Yoiteri  ulio  kiplAMlMl 
in  Cork,  and  wrote  a  work  on  anthmetic  which  is  popalar  in  tibt  aoamlj  f$  a» 
present  daj.  He  built  Voeterbuigh,  on  the  Olanmure  aida  d  Oaiifwr.  '^"^ 
are  persons  still  living  in  Cork  who  remember  the  Domiiie^  nifk  kit  *^ 
cocked  hat. 


M0NK8T0WN   CASTLE.  409 

Monkstown,  in  the  barony  of  Kerricurrihy,  is  beau- 
tifully situated  on  the  shore  of  what  may  be  styled  the 
inner  harbour.  Some  say  it  derives  its  nai&tie  from 
a  small  establishment  of  Benedictine  mo^ks,  called 
Legan  Abbey,  belonging  to  the  Priory  of  St.  John, 
Waterford ;  and  that  the  monks  received  a  grant  of 
land  from  the  Mac  Carthys,  in  the  fourteenth  century. 
Here  they  built  the  small  chapel,*  the  four  walls  of 
which  are  still  standing  in  Monkstown  churchyard,  and 
which  was  used  as  a  domestic  chapel  by  the  Arch- 
deacons. 

Dive  Downes  says,  writing  in  1700,  "  I  saw 
Monkstown  church.  The  church  walls,  built  with 
lime  and  sand,  are  still  standing.  The  timber  of  the 
roof  is  up,  and  some  slates  on  it."  We  oonclude  from 
the  following  passage,  from  an  old  family  document, 
put  into  my  hands  by  the  late  Bobert  Shaw,  Esquire, t 
that  this  church  was  built  by  John  Archdeacon. 

"  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  a  very  noble  man,  John  Archdeacon. 
He  built  this  church  for  the  Divine  Father.  He  gave  these  fields 
to  chosen  Mends,  i^irhose  minds  rejoices  to  the  stars.  The  ground 
enjoys  a  chapel,  the  chapel  and  fields  that  bound  the  castle  of  the 
famous  master,  who  was  the  builder,  and  died  the  12th  of  April, 
1660." 

The  Castle  of  Monkstown  was  built  by  Anastatia 
Gould,  wife  of  John  Archdeacon. 

*  Small  ehapd.  This  chapel  was  the  last  retreat  of  a  few  monks  from  the 
Abbey  of  St.  Mary,  Bath.  Those  small  chapels  were  called  chantries,  for  it  was 
the  habit  to  chaunt  the  mass  in  these  places,  for  the  founder's  soul.  There  is  a 
amaU  chapel,  or  chantry,  of  this  kind  at  Rathcooney,  near  Glanmire. 

t  Robert  Shaw^  £squirt. — This  family  was  originally  Scotch,  and  formed  part 
of  the  Clan  Chattan.  We  have  an  interesting  description  of  this  clan  in  the  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth.  Wm.  Shaw  came  to  Ireland,  in  1689,  in  King  William's  army. 
He  was  a  captain  in  General  Ponsonby's  regiment,  whom  he  carried  from  the 
field  when  wounded.  His  descendant,  Robert  Shaw,  was  created  a  baronet  in 
1821 .     His  brother,  Bernard  Shaw,  was  Collector  of  Cork. 

VOL.  IT.  27 


410  HISTOBT  OF   COBS. 

* 
"A.D.  1636.— MonkBtown  Castle  and  CJourt  were  reowde. 
Reader,  you  are  to  observe  that  it  was  not  John  Archdeaoonvlmt 
his  wife,*  Anastatia  Gould,  who  built  the  four  castles  of  Monkstown, 
and  the  court,  in  his  absence,  «s  he  was  from  home.  On  bis  xetnni 
he  did  not  like  the  building,  and  said  that  a  building  near  a  baxbour 
was  «  building  of  sedition,  which,  alas !  turned  out  so/' 

'*  A.D.  1660. — Archdeacon  died,  and  when  Cromwell  came  to 
Ireland,  he  was  deprived  of  his  castLe,  lands,  etcetera,  but  not  his 
life,  which  they  did  not  covet." 

We  learn  from  Dive  Downes  that  Cobnel  Hunks^ 
one  of  the  three  deputed  to  exeoute  the  death-wanant 
of  Charles  I.,  got  the  Monkstown  lands,  and,  we  ocm* 
elude,  eastle,  in  Cromwell's  time.  Hunks  sold  the 
lands  to  Primate  Boyle,  brother  to  the  first  eari  of 
Cork ;  who  ''  gave  about  £400  for  it  to  Hunks."  The 
Archdeacons  must  have  got  it  baok,  or  rented  It  fron 
Boyle,  for  they  were  dispossessed  of  it  ix^  U9%  iGp 
their  adhesion  to  James  II. 

Dive  Downes,  writing  in  1700,  says,  "Mr. 
O'Callaghan,  a  Protestant,  lives  in  Monkst0Wii|  W  m 
good  square  castle  with  flankers.'^ 

This  property  now  belongs  to  Lord  De  YescL  A 
grand-daughter  of  Primate  Boyle,  who  bought  the'eslato 
from  Hunks,  married  Sir  Tliomas  Yesey,  who.  was 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Killaloe,  ancestor  to  the  pneseoot 
proprietor  in  fee.  Sir  Thomas  Packenham,  anoesfeor 
of  the  Earl  of  Longford,  obtained  a  portion  ci  Hdi 
property  through  his  marriage  with  the  jmng&t 
daughter  of  Primate  Boyle.  Bernard  R  Shaw,  Esquin^ 
of  Monkstown,  holds  Monkstown  Castle  and  gronndi 
by  lease,  from  Lord  De  Vesoi. 

•But  hit  wife.^Then  is  a  tradition  that  she  Mlt  the  OMttt  Ibr  S  mm^ 
She  aupplied  the  workmen  with  proYitions,  bought  at  iiich  low,  §md mid  JtmA 
high  pnoee,  that,  in  balanoing  her  acooimtB,  she  was  Vat  ioiar 


BALLYBRICKEN — ROCKY — HAULBOWLINE.  411 

Opposite  Moukstown  is  Ballybrioken,*  the  residence 
of  Daniel  Connor,  Esquire ;  Fort  Prospect,  or  Prospect 
Villa,  the  residence  of  General  Burke,  and  the  pretty 
village  of  Binnaskiddy,  above  which  rises  a  Martello 
tower.  This  noighbourhood  is  graphically  described 
by  Bishop  Dive  Downes,  in  1700 : — 

**  I  saw  Hingskiddy  f  and  Ballybricken.  Ringskiddy  and  Bally- 
bricken  are  one  plougbland  and  fifteen  acres.  Ringskiddy  makes 
the  point  betwixt  Carrickaline  bay  and  Raphine  brook.  There  is  a 
heap  of  rubbish  in  Mr.  Abraham  Dicksons  orchard  at  Ballybricken, 
which  was  a  church  heretofore.  Captain  Hayes  remembers  the 
walls  standing.  The  people  of  both  these  places  pay  their  tithes  to 
Mr.  Folliot,  tenant  to  Dean  Synge;  nothing  is  allowed  to  any 
clergyman.  Island  Creagh,  Island  Core,  and  Island  Cahill,  in  the 
harbour  of  Cork,  (being  almost  unprofitable)  belong  to  the  lands  of 
Ringskiddy.  Haulbowline  Island  is  the  estate  of  the  crown ;  there 
is  an  old  fort  on  it,  built  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  now  out  of 
repair.  Formerly  the  Earl  of  Cork  was  gOTcmor  of  it.  All  these 
islands,  together  with  Spike  Island,  belong  (as  'tis  said)  to  the 
Great  Island." 

We  have  no  difficulty  in  detecting  Eocky  Island  in 
Creagh  Island,  for  creagach  is  rocky  in  Irish.  Core, 
Chore,  or  Ford  Island,  may  stand  for  King  Island, 
approached  by  a  ford.  Between  Spike,  Eocky,  Haul- 
bowline  and  Queenstown,  is  Eat  Island,  a  barren  rock. 
Eocky  Island  is  an  important  powder  magazine,  it 
contains  at  the  present  time  about  300  tons  of  powder. 
Haulbowline,  J  a  depot  for  naval  and  military  stores. 

*  Ballybricken  *^  is  supposed  to  be  the  same  with  Templebrackiuuij,  io  the 
Visitation  Books." — Dive  Lowiies. 

t  Ringskiddy ^  or  Rinnaskiddy,  the  "  Promontory  of  Skiddy."  The  Skiddy's 
were  of  Danish  descent.  The  name  often  occurs  in  this  history.  Einnaskiddy 
may  have  been  called  after  the  man  who  built  the  castle  in  the  North  Main  Street 
of  Cork.  There  was  a  stone  chair  in  this  castle,  in  which  the  head  of  the  family 
was  enthroned,  or  installed. 

X  J^aulbotcline.  A  chain  or  cable  was  at  one  time  drawn  from  Whitepoint 
•cross  the  channel  to  Haulbowline,  and  made  fast  to  the  bow  of  a  vessel.    This 


412  HISTOHT   OF  CORK. 

The  Water  Club,  now  known  as  the  Boyal  Cork  Yacht 
Club,  was  established  on  this  island  in  1720«  Mr. 
French,  of  Marino,  the  present  Admiral  of  the  Cork 
Yacht  Club,  tells  me  that  ^^  ladies  attended*  the  Club 
dinners  on  Haulbowline,  in  a  sort  of  uniform,  which 
consisted  of  a  yellow  or  orange  habit,  with  a  blue  cape, 
displaying  a  silver  anchor  on  the  shoulder,  and  a  black 
hat,  tied  under  the  chin."  The  Water  Club,  on  a  gala 
day,  is  thus  described  by  two  English  gentlemen  in 
1784  :— 

**  I  shall  now  aoquaiiit  your  lordship  with  a  ceremony  they  hATe 
at  Cork,  where  we  axe  arrived.  It  is  somewhat  like  that  of 
the  Doge  of  Veniee's  wedding  the  sea.  A  set  of  worthy  gentle- 
men, who  have  formed  themselves  into  a  body,  which  they  call  the 
Water  Club,  proceed  a  few  leagues  out  to  sea,  once  a  year*  in  a 
number  of  little  vessels,  which,  for  painting  and  gilding,  ezceeda 
the  king's  yachts  at  Greenwich  and  Deptford.  Their  admizaL  who 
is  elected  annually,  and  hoists  his  flag  on  board  his  little  Tcawi, 
leads  the  van,  and  receives  the  honours  of  the  flag ;  the  rest  of  the 
fleet  fall  in  their  proper  stations,  and  keep  their  line  in  the  eamo 
manner  as  the  king's  ships.  This  fleet  is  attended  with  a  piodigioiia. 
number  of  boats,  which,  with  their  colours  flying,  dmma  beating, 
and  trumpets  sounding,  forme  one  of  the  meet  agreeablo  and 
splendid  sights  your  lordships  can  conceive." — TWr  iMrcy^h  /rf- 
land,  p.  118. 

Philip  Luckombe,  writing  in  1799,  says,  '^  Under. 
this  island  we  saw  seyeral  elegant  yawls  and  pleasure 
boats,  belonging  to  a  society,  formed  by  the  neigh* 


line  or  cable  was  hauled  up  eTerj  night  to  proTent  TCMela  puiiog  throi^  tlM 
narrow  channel  in  the  dark.    It  was  hanled  in  at  the  bow  of  the  TeMtLiuMt 


some  have  derived  the  name  of  Uie  island.    It  was  anoientlT  oaUed  JMe 
or  "  Fox  Island." 

*  Ladies  attended.  The  following  reeolution  was  paaed  bj  the  Cfl^^  My 
9th,  1807 :— ''  Resolved,  that  the  wives  and  daughten  of  the  memben  of  the  GU 
be  also  considered  as  members  of  the  Club,  and  entitled  to         "  ' 


THE  WATER  CLUB.  413 

"bouring  nobility  and  gentry,  who  meet  here  erevy 
Saturday,  during  the  summer  half-year,  to  dine  and 
make  merry,  in  an  apartment  which  they  have  fitted 
up  for  that  purpose,  very  commodiously,  among  the 
ruins  of  the  fortifications.'* 

Some  of  the  rules  of  the  old  W        C     •  qi 

and  curious.     "Ordered  —  that  mi  b] 

more  than  two  dishes  of  meat  fbr 
the  club.     Ordered — that  no  admii  to 

more  than  two  dozen  of  wine  to  his  tr     ,      :  it 
always  been  deemed  a  breach  of  t  ent : 

constitutions  of  the  club,  ex  y  li    Is 

judges  are  invited.      Ordered  —  tl       no  1(    g-        1 
wige,  large  sleeves  or  ruffles,  by  any  m 

at  the  club."     The  club  kept  of  ,  or 

steward,  called  the  "  Knight  of       L  '' 

The  old  members,  in  1720,  5re  L  I  Inchiquin, 
the  Hon.  James  O'Bryen,  (  les  O'Neal,  Henry 
Mitchell,  Eichd.  BuUen,  (chaplain,)  and  John  Eogers. 
The  new  members,  in  1760,  were  Thomas  Newenham, 
Morrough  O'Bryen,  George  Conner,  Eich.  iJttgfield, 
James  Nash,  William  Hodder,  Philip  Lavallin,  John 
Newenham,  Walter  Fitzsimonds,  Samuel  Hoare,  Wil- 
liam Hayes,  Michael  Parker,  Abraham  Devonshire, 
John  BuUen,  Eobert  Eogers,  James  Devonshire,  John 
Walcot,  Thomas  Parsons,  Henry  Puckly,  Eobert 
Newenham,  Edward  Eoche,  Edmund  Eoche,  Eichard 

*  Stfftvard,  called  the  Knight  of  the  Island.  The  old  castle,  in  which  the  Water 
Club  met,  was  erected  by  the  Lord  Deputy  Mountjoy,  and  Carew,  in  1602,  (rol. 
i.,  p.  80  who  put  a  constable  in  charge,  with  a  salary  of  Is,  2d.  per  diem.  This 
constable,  we  conclude,  was  the  first  **  Knight  of  the  Island."  The  last  knight 
was  John  Sheehan.  His  grandson  is  coxswain  of  one  of  the  engineer  boats  on 
Spike  Island.  His  grandfather,  like  Bobinson  Crusoe,  was  the  only  man  liying 
on  Haulbowline.  His  father  was  born  there,  about  90  years  ago.  Tlie  coxswain 
is  the  oldest  inhabitant  of  Spike. 


414  HTSIORY  OF  CORK. 

Dunsoombe,  Bobert  Atkins,  John  Baldwin,  Bobort 
Baldwin,  Sampson  StawelL 

The  Boyal  Cork  Yacht  Club,  of  the  present  day,  has 
its  club-house  in  Queenstown,  which  was  built  in  1864. 
The  number  of  regular  members,  exdusiye  of  honmafy 
members,*  is  about  300,  and  the  number  of  yaohts, 
belonging  to  members,  about  60. 

A  new  club,  called  the  Queenstown  Yacht  dub, 
was  established  in  Queenstown,  in  January,  I860. 
The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  Admiralty  Wanant, 
authorizing  the  use  of  ^e  ^^  Bed  Ensign  of  Her  Msr 
jesty's  Fleet":— 

"  By  the  Commisrioners  for  exeoating  the  office  of  Lord  High  himr 
ral  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Grett  Britain  and  IvdaDd»  hb. 

"  Whereas,  we  deem  it  expedient  that  the  ▼easds  fwlnagihg  to 
the  '*  Queenstown  Yacht  Club/'  shall  be  permitled  to  wear  thii  nd 
ensign  of  her  Majesty's  fleet,  with  the  distfaiotiTe  marks  of  Aft 
dub  on  the  ensign  and  bargee.  We  do,  therefixre,by  wtaaof  tte 
power  and  aathorityveeted  in  iis,herely  warrant  and aiitlioriaattiswd 
ensign  of  her  Majesty's  fleet,  with  the  distinetiTe  mailDi(of  Iki^dBb 
thereon,  and  on  the  bargee,  to  be  worn  on  board  &•  iMpeotiva 
yesselsjjdonging  to  the  ''Qaeenstown  Yacht  Club''  aoemdiBg^y, 

"  oNen  ander  oar  hands  and  the  seal  of  the  office  of  adninlij, 
this  14th  day  of  January,  1860. 

a-»»^  (  Ghablxs  Ennr. 
Bigneo,  ^  ^^jj^  Wbixmmmax^ 

'<  By  command  of  their  lordships. 

W.  J.  RoMAxta." 

Queenstown,  formerly  Coye,  was  a  small  village  in 
1786,  consisting  of  a  few  huts  inhabited  by  fiflhermeii| 
pilots,  and  tide-waiters.      Smith  says,  ^^  CSove^uunh^ 

•  Honorary  mmben.    "  That  the  Admiral  om  the  QMenslofwa  8lalio%  Hi 
Fla;  Lieutenant,  Secretary,  and  the  Captain  of  the  Flag  Sh^  tl  QMMBfeMra^  te 
ex-officio  honorary  members  of  the  Clnb,  without  payment  of  snhwf^' 
the  General  Commanding  the  Cork  District,  hit  Aide-de-Cta^  Hm 
Adjutant  General,  and  Assistant  Qnarter-Master  GeiMraL"— r  ~ 


QUEENSTOWN.  415. 

bited  by  seamen  and  reyenue  officers."  A  mile  from  it 
is  the  parish  church  of  Clonmel,  with  a  decent  parson- 
age house.  Thomas  O.  French,  of  Marino,  probably 
the  oldest  inhabitant  of  the  island,  informs  me  that,, 
with  the  exception  of  a  part  of  the  old  Admiralty 
house,  all  the  rest  of  Queenstown  has  been  built  since 
1799.  He  speaks  of  an  old  inn  called  the  ^^  Anti- 
gallicon,  a  wooden  house  standing  on  the  beech,  into 
which  the  sea  flowed  during  high  tides,  covering  the 
floor  with  sea-weed,  instead  of  rushes  or  a  Brussel's 
carpet.''  Think  of  this  and  then  look  at  the  Queen's 
hotel.  It  was  near  this  spot  the  queen  landed,  on  her 
visit  to  Cork,  in  1849.  Some  poet  says  that  flowers 
spring  np  where  angels  tread.  This  town  is  advanc* 
ing  with  a  queenly  step,  and  assuming  the  dignity  and 
port  of  the  socer  et  conjux  of  Kingston.  This  is  to  be 
attributed  to  its  beautiful  scenery,  mild  and  sheltered 
position,  and  the  great  facilities  of  travelling  both  by 
water  and  railroad  from  Cork  to  Queenstown.  The 
Queenstown  branch  of  the  Cork  and  Toughal  railway, 
now  nearly  finished,  will  increase  these  facilitijds,  if  it 
has  not  the  effect  of  inducing  the  inhabitants  of  Cork 
to  go  farther,  and  explore  the  beauties  of  the  Black- 
water,  from  Youghal  to  Lismore. 

The  average  population  of  Queenstown  is  about 
10,000.  There  is  a  line  of  houses  running  along  the 
beach,  but  they  are  buiit,  for  the  most  part,  like  Clif- 
ton, on  the  side  of  the  hill.  There  is  a  Protestant,  a 
Catholic,  a  Presbyterian,  and  a  Methodist  place  of 
worship  in  the  town.  The  Presbyterian  Church  is  a 
pretty  object  when  viewed  from  a  distance.  Queens- 
town has  a  Sailors^  Home — the  number  who  entered 


416  HI3X0BT  OF  OOBK. 

during  last  year  was  6S2.  This  exceeds  the  preriaiui 
year  by  50.  The  amount  of  money  lodged  by  pmnis 
who  haye  availed  themselves  of  the  Home,  during  ffae 
year,  was  £2,168  12s.  A  large  portion  of  this  sum 
would  have  been  foolishly  spent  if  not  lodged  in  n& 
hands. 

The  general  business  of  the  town  depends  on  fhe 
number  of  vessels  that  visit  the  port.  Mr.  Philip 
Scott,  in  his  examination  before  a  committee  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  in  June  1860,  said: — ^'I  am  a 
merchant  and  a  shipowner  at  Queenstown ;  the  nnmbec 
of  vessels  which  arrived  in  Queenstown  lait  year, 
laden  with  com,  was  778 ;  of  these  196  disdhaxged  at 
Cork,  and  the  remaining  682  proceeded  to  wiou 
ports,  principally  of  Ireland.  I  would  allow  five 
shillings  per  ton  off  the  freight  rather  than  send  my 
vessel  round  to  Limerick ;  the  total  number  of  d^ps 
which  called  at  Queenstown  in  1869  was  1|680;  of 
these  778  were  laden  with  com,  186  with  engar,  7S 
with  guano,  188  with  timber,  21  with  rioe^  and  486 
with  various  atuSs.  There  is  a  large  steamboat  tnda 
between  Cork  and  England ;  and  nearly  all  the  Ame- 
rican steamers  call  there,  both  outward  and  homowiid 
bound.  The  passenger  traffic  of  these  vesseb  waa  oa 
the  increase,  an^  would  ultimately  be  expetibeA  to 
reach  400  or  600  a-week." 

Queenstown  is  govemed  1^  Town  Commiaaionen. 
A  portion  of  the  town  is  well  lighted  and  cleaned,  hat 
much  yet  remains  to  be  done,  especially  in  fhs  nejgk* 
bourhood  of  Hbty-Oround.^ 

About  a  mile  from  Queenstown,  on  the  other  aidB  of 

*  Holy  Chrotmd,  remarkaU*  at  one  time  for  reiy  diirapiitabli 


M   '.WS-. 


CHARLES  WOLFB's  GRAVE.  417 

the  hill,  within  the  four  walls  of  the  old  unroofed 
church  of  Clonmel,  rest  the  ashes  of  the  Bey.  Charles 
Wolfe,  who  wrote  the  beautiful  elegy  on  the  Burial  of 
6ir  John  Moore.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hall  could  not  find 
the  grave.  I  made  it  out  after  some  trouble.  Wolfe's 
%omb  lies  in  a  dark  comer,  overgrown  with  nettles, 
and  sadly  in  need  of  the  friendly  chisel  of  some  old,  or 
new,  "  Mortality.'' 

Within  a  few  yards  of  his  grave  I  found  a  thin  slab 
of  white  marble,  bearing  the  name  of  Thomas  Tobin, 
the  author  of  the  "Honeymoon,"  the  "Faro  Table," 
the  "  Undertaker,"  and  the  "  School  of  Authors." 
This  clever  dramatist  was  bom  in  Salisbury,  in  1770, 
and  died,  in  1804,  in  his  thirty-fourth  year,  within 
sight  of  land,  when  on  his  way  to  the  West  Indies  for 
the  benefit  of  his  health.  His  remains  were  brought 
to  Cove  and  buried  here. 

I  visited  Wolfe's  grave  a  second  time,  accompanied 
by  a  literary  friend,  who  told  me  the  following  anec- 
dote of  his  elegy  on  the  Burial  of  Sir  John  Moore : — 
"  Charles  Wolfe  shewed  me  the  lines  in  manuscript, 
with  the  beauty  of  which  he  was  so  much  impressed, 
that  I  requested  a  copy  for  insertion  in  a  periodical 
with  which  I  had  some  connexion.  Wolfe  first  re- 
fused, but  was  persuaded  to  comply.  I  laid  the  verses 
before  some  two  or  three  savants,  who  were  in  the 
habit  of  pronouncing  on  what  should,  and  what  should 
not,  appear  in  the  periodical.  The  lines  were  read, 
ridiculed,  and  condemned,  and  I  was  laughed  at  for 
imagining  such  *  stuff'*  worthy  of  publication.    I  felt 

*  Stuf.    Tbo  gentleman  who  presented  them  had  ftirniahed  our  poet,  Moore, 
« itb  tome  of  the  '*  9tuff,"  or  material,  or  Irish  muaio,  to  which  he  eet  eome  of  hia 

Uatitiful  mclodiei. 


418  HISTOBY  OF   CORK. 

myself  in  a  very  awkward  position^  but  I  took  eowag» 
to  retam  the  manuscript,  and  to  tell  ChaileB  Wdft^ 
that,  on  more  mature  consideration,  I  did  not  fhink 
the  periodical  I  had  named  worthy  of  its  insertion.'^ 

I  see  by  an  unpublished  letter  of  Charles  Wolfoi  that 
he  sent  a  copy  of  these  lines  to  his  friend,  John  Taylor,. 
at  the  Bey«  Mr.  Armstrong's,  Clonoulty,  Cashe^  on  the 
16th  of  September,  1816.  <<  My  dear  John,  I  liay» 
completed  the  Burial  of  Sir  John  Moore,  and  will  here 
inflict  them  upon  you.  You  have  no  one  but  yoQXBelf 
to  blame,  (for  praising  the  two  stanzas,)  that  I  told 
you  so  much." 

Charles  Wolfe's  claims  to  rank  as  a  poet  of  a  hi^ 
order,  do  not  rest  on  one  or  two  odes.  What  <oui  be^ 
more  beautiful  than  the  lines  composed  for  the  Irish 
air  of  Gramachree  ? 

« If  I  had  thought  thoa  ooold'it  hsv*  disd^ 
I  might  not  weep  for  thee  -, 
Bat  I  forgot,  when  hj  th j  fide^ 
That  thon  coold'st  mortal  he. 
It  nerer  throngb  mj  mind  had  pait» 
The  time  would  e'er  he  o'er, 
And  I  on  thee  ahonld  look  my  lait. 
And  thon  shonld'st  nnile  no  more. 

And  still  upon  that  faee  I  look. 
And  think  'twill  smile  again ; 
And  still  the  thought  I  will  not  brook. 
That  I  must  look  in  Tain ! 
But  when  I  speak,  thou  do'st  not  say, 
What  thou  ne'er  leffst  unsaid ; 
And  now  I  feel,  as  wdl  I  mij, 
Sweet  Mary !  thon  art  dead." 

The  Bey.  Charles  Wolfe  was  the  curate  of  Bonon^ 
more,  a  rural  parish  in  the  diocese  of  AnnagL  W^ 
should  scarcely  expect  to  find  the  very  highest  qpeni* 
mens  of  pulpit  eloquence  addressed  to  a  poor  imA 


THE   Q&EAT  ISLAND.  419 

and  comparativoly  ignorant  people.  It  is  from  the 
fragments  of  this  young  man's  sermons,  that  Doctor 
Whately,  (the  present  Archbishop  of  Dublin,)  has  se- 
lected the  highest  order  of  pulpit  oratory,  with  which 
to  adorn  his  learned  and  elaborate  treatise  on  Elocu- 
tion. 

Charles  Wolfe  died  of  consumption.  Writing  to  a 
friend,  under  date.  May  28th,  1821,  he  says,  "At 
length  the  die  is  cast — the  doctor  has,  in  fact,  stripped 
me  of  my  gown" — prohibited  his  preaching.  He  died  at 
Queenstown.  Just  before  his  death  he  began  to  pray 
for  all  his  dearest  friends,  but  his  voice  failing,  ex- 
claimed, ^^  Ood  bless  them  all!^^  He  then  whispered 
in  his  sister's  ear,  "  Close  this  eye,  the  other  is  closed 
already ;  and  now  farewell." 

Charles  Wolfe  was  a  student  of  Trinity  College. 
Close  beside  his  grave  nestles  another  of  the  Alumni 
of  the  same  Alma  Mater.  I  think  the  name  is  Charles 
Connor,  who  died  young.  The  two  lie  together,  covered 
with  foliage,  like  the  Babes  of  the  Wood,  but  the  foliage 
consists  of  rank  nettles. 

If  we  can  believe  our  ancient  chroniclers,  or  our 
modem  historian,  Mr.  Haverty,  who  is  both  learned 
and  correct,  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  the  Great 
Island,  on  which  Queenstown  is  situated,  gave  name  to 
Great  Britain.  Inis  Mor,  or  the  Great  Island,  was 
anciently  called  Ard-Neimhidh,  from  Ard,  "  Great," 
or  **  high,"  and  Nemedius,  a  chieftain,  who  came  from 
the  borders  of  the  Euxine  sea,  and  who,  with  2000 
of  hisfollowers,  died  here  of  a  pestilence.  His  followers 
were  harassed  by  the  Fomorians.*  Some  of  them,  under 

•  The  Fomorians  are  thought  by  some  to  have  been  African  pirates ;  by  others, 


420  HISTORY   OF  OOBK. 

■ 

the  command  of  Briotan  Maolj  a  grandflon  of  Nemedini^ 
sought  refage  in  the  island  of  Albion,  which  took  tibe 
name  of  Britain  from  this  Irish  ohieftain,  not  flrom  iiiB 
fabulous  Brutus.  Another  portion  of  these  refogesi 
migrated  to  the  north  of  Europe,  henoe  the  Tuatha  dd 
Danann;  and  a  third  colony,  under  Simon  Ikeifl^ 
another  grandson  of  Nemedius,  went  to  Gr^eoe,  where 
they  were  conquered,  raid  made  slaves,  and  oompeUed. 
to  carry  burdens  in  leathern  bags,  whence  fhey  obtained 
the  name  of  Firbolgs,  or  Bagmen. 

The  Island  is  now  divided  into  the  eastern  and 
western  parishes,  which  form  the  union  of  GlonmaJ^ 
and  is  in  the  diocese  of  Cloyne.  Haulbowline^  BgSkd^ 
and  Bocky  Island  belong  to  the  eastern  diyisiony  wfaidi 
is  called  Templerobin.  The  western  division  inoludes 
a  part  of  Foaty  Island.  At  the  foot  of  the  bridge 
which  connects  Foaty  to  the  Great  Island,  stands  Bel- 
yelly  Castle,*  evidently  built  to  guard  the  pass  between 
the  twqt.i8l^^^s*  It  is  in  the  possession,  and  on  ffae 
property,  of  Bernard  B.  Shaw,  Esquire,  of  Monkatown. 
One  of  the  square  towers  are  standing,  and  in  good 
preservation.  It  is  60  feet  high ;  breadth,  at  baae^  SO 
feet.  The  arches  are  beautifully  turned ;  the  marks  of 
the  twigs,  upon  which  they  were  turned,  look  as  firesh 
in  the  mortar  as  if  the  work  had  been  done  a  few  yean 
ago.  The  castle  belonged  to  the  Hodnett8.f  The 
Barrys  and  Boches  besieged  Lord  Philip  Hodnett  in 

PhceniciaiiB.  The  name  in  Iriah  implies  that  they  were  aaa  robheit.  TIm  hUk 
name  of  the  Oianta  Caoaewaj  if  OkffhmMtthlbmMmri^ky  or  tibi  '^SUppii^  fltw 
of  the  Fomorians." 

•  BelveUf  is  eometimee  called  Bellroir.    Smith's  dariTttioii  Is 
**  the  way  of  the  ford."    Seal,  in  Irish,  means  a  sandbank. 

t  Th$  HodnHtt  came  fW>m  Shropahire.    Thej  hoiU  tfaa  OMlli  of 
sherry,  near  Cluuakilty,  from  which  Uioy  took  tho  aaaa  of  Mairtwij 


1^ 

BELVELLY   AND   FOATT.  421 

1329,  put  most  of  his  people  to  death,  took  possession 
of  the  Great  Island,  and  called  it  Barrymore. 

The  principal  residence  of  the  lineal  descendant  of 
the  Lords  Barrymore  is  on  the  adjacent  island  of  Foaty. 
The  Barrymore  title  became  extinct  in  1828,  on  the 
death  of  Henry,  eighth  Earl  of  Barrymore.  The  pre- 
sent heir  to  the  estates  is  a  minor. 

The  first  Earl  of  Orrery,  in  a  letter  to  the  Duke  of 
Ormond,  dated  June,  1666,  says,  "  If  I  were  an  enemy, 
and  to  invade  Ireland,  I  would  land  in  the  Great  Island, 
of  all  places,  for  it  stands  in  Cork  Harbour,  has  but 
one  pass  into  it,  is  above  six  miles  about  a  fertile  place, 
and  nothing  to  oppose  their  landing  there ;  which,  also, 
is  in  the  midst  of  the  best  quarters,  almost  equally 
distant  from  Cork,  Toughal,  and  Kinsale.  I  intend  to 
send  forces  into  it,  and  repair  the  Fort  and  Belvelly 
Castle,  both  which  stand  on  the  pass." 

The  Great  Island  is  approached  by  three  ferries — 
the  western,  between  Passage  and  Carrigaloe;  the 
middle,  between  Monkstown  and  Mr.  Wheeler's  Dock,* 
and  the  East  Ferry,  from  a  point  between  Belgrove, 
the  beautiful  residence  of  Mr.  Bagwell,  and  Garrane- 
kinefeake.  Steam-boats  are  continually  plying  up  and 
down  the  river,  and  through  the  harbour,  presenting 
every  facility  for  cheap  and  pleasant  travelling. 

♦  Mr.  Wheder^a  Beck  \b  420  feet  long,  60  feet  "wide,  and  16  feet  deep,  in 
ordinary  neap  tides.    There  is  19  feet  of  water  OTer  the  blocks  in  spring  tides. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 


8PIKB  ISLAND  —  COKYICT  PBX80N8  —  FOBTIFIOJLTIOirB  OV  COSK 
HA.BBOVB — CABBIGALIKB  BIYEB— GOBK-BXO^-TBABOLCMLjr — 
MA.NUFACTUBE  OF  FLAX — ^WHITEGATfi — JLQUADJL — ¥AMM1J>— 
B08TELLAN. 

Spike  Island,  which  lies  in  the  middle,  and  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Cork  harbour,  is  about  an  Irish  mile  in 
circumference.  We  learn  from  the  Sarsfield  papers, 
that  William  Liych  granted  the  lands  of  Innyspyge  * 
to  John  Fyke,  in  1427,  and  John  Fyke  made  oyer  his 
holdings  in  Inyspyk  to  Maurice  Bonan  of  ilSnsaley  in 
1490.  It  afterwards  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
Boches  and  Gal  ways.  The  Earl  of  Albemarle  obtained 
a  grant  of  the  island  in  1698,  and  oonyeyed  66  aores 
of  the  lands  of  Spike  Island,  *^  the  estate  of  Arthur 
Qalway,  attainted,"  to  William  Smith,  of  Ballymore. 
The  island  was  purchased  by  the  goyemment  from 
Nicholas  Fitton,  towards  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  It  was  lately  sold  in  the  Incumbered  Estates 
Court,  and  purchased  by  Lieut.-Colonel  Beamishi  who 
now  holds  the  fee. 

Luckombe,  writing  eighty  years  ago,  says — *'  Spike 
Island  is  a  noted  place  for  smuggling;  for  small  yesseIS| 


•  Innyspynge  or  Inytpyk,  now  Spike,  is  from  Inis-apic.    Spic  or  ipiot  VM 
a  spike  or  a  sharp>point^  instrament.    Spike  Iiland  at  one  time  ran  to  a  ihuper 
point  than  it  does  now. 


SPIKE   ISLAND.  423 

at  high  water^  steal  in  unseen  by  the  officers  of  Cork." 
We  are  still  pointed  to  the  "Gold  Bock,"  at  the 
eastern  extremity  of  the  island,  where  one  of  these 
smugglers  buried  a  crock  of  gold,  and  a  black  man 
— ^whom  he  had  slain — to  watch  it.  There  is  no 
such  watch  or  sentry  as  the  ghost  of  a  black  man. 

On  the  crown  of  the  island  is  a  convict  depot  or 
goyemment  prison.  The  number  of  prisoners  is  now 
about  500,  but  as  many  as  2,500  were  confined  here 
in  1850.  Spike  Island  prison  is  one  of  five  goyem- 
ment prisons,  under  the  superintendence  of  three 
directors.  There  is  a  male  and  female  prison  at 
Mountjoy,  Dublin,  built  on  the  same  plan  as  Penton- 
yille  prison.  The  rule  is,  to  commence  the  imprison- 
ment at  Mountjoy,  where  prisoners  are  kept  in  separate 
confinement  for  eight  months,  and  are  then  drafted 
either  to  Philipstown  or  Spike.* 

The  convicts  at  Spike  are  engaged  at  the  fortifica- 
tions of  the  island,  under  the  superintendence  of  the 
engineer  department.  The  amount  of  work  performed 
by  the  convicts  last  year,  was  nearly  equal  to  the 
entire  expense  of  the  prison.  The  prisoners  are  fairly 
fed  and  fairly  worked,  and  when  they  leave  the  prison 
are  generally  better  able  to  do  a  fair  day's  work  than 
when  they  entered  it. 

Enlarged  and  enlightened  principles,  based  upon  the 
great  laws  and  motives  that  regulate  and  influence  our 
nature,  have  been  laid  down  and  most  successfully 
carried  out  by  the  present  board  of  Irish  Prison 
Directors.     Captain  Walter  Crofton,  C.B.,  in  a  pam- 

*  Fhilip»to\cn  or  Spike. — Tradesmen  and  delicate  persons  are  generally  sent  to 
rhilipstown.    Some  piiHonera  were  until  lately  sent  to  Bermada. 


424  HISTORY   OF  COHK. 

phlet  lately  published,  ou  the  '^  Immunity  of  Habitoid 
Criminals,"  gives  it  as  his  deliberate  opinion^  that 
such  characters,  when  re-conyicted,  should  be  sentenced 
to  seyen  years  penal  servitude,  four  years  of  which  to 
be  certain  imprisonment,  the  liberation  during  the 
other  three  to  depend  on  the  conduot  of  the  prisoner. 
Here  the  prisoner  is  at  once  furnished  with  a  moilYe 
to  good  conduct,  and  a  very  powerful  one— the  love  of 
freedom.  There  is  a  classification  among  the  prisoners 
by  which  their  progress  is  marked,  and  whioh  admits 
of  some  slight  amelioration  of  their  condition  while 
prisoners,  the  effect  of  which  is  in  daily  and  hourly 
operation.  There  is  nothing  a  prisoner  understands 
better,  no  matter  how  ignorant  he  may  be  in  other 
respects,  than  his  number  of  good  marks,  or  when  he 
is  due  for  promotion,  and  when  to  reeeiv6|  or  write 
a  letter  to  a  relative  or  friend.  I  look  upon  the  writ- 
ing and  the  receiving  of  these  letters — ^hundreds  of 
which  have  passed  through  my  hands  as  chaplain — 
not  only  as  a  source  of  pure  pleasure,  but  also  of  high 
moral  improvement  to  the  prisoner. 

The  directors  of  Irish  convict  prisons  established 
what  they  call  intermediate  prisons  at  Forts  Cariisle 
and  Camden,  where  smaller  numbers  of  the  best 
behaved  prisoners  are  located,  in  order  to  give  fall 
effect  to  what  Captain  Crofton  styles  "  theprine^ph  of 
individualisaiion^^^  in  other  words,  to  distinguish  and 
draw  out  those  men  from  the  mass.  The  object  is  not, 
we  conceive,  to  give  prison  warders  greater  &cilities 
for  espionage,  but  to  bring  the  mind  of  the  prisoner 
into  more  frequent  oonnexion  with  those  who  are  not 
prisoners,  inasmuch  as  the  esjprit  de  carps  of  a  prisoner 


SPIKE   ISLiLND   PBISON  AND  FORT.  425 

is  of  the  yery  worst  kind.  The  prisoners  at  the  forts 
are  allowed  to  leaye  what  may  be  properly  called  the 
prison,  and  visit  a  neighbouring  village,  without  a 
warder.  This  system  of  teaching  the  prison  bird  to 
fly  before  it  is  granted  liberty  to  depart,  is  more  fully 
carried  out  in  Smithfield  prison,  Dublin,  where  pri- 
soners are  employed  in  various  avocations  through  the 
city.  I  met  one  of  them  in  the  Castle-yard,  with 
official  letters  in  his  hand.     The  following  is  the 

Total  number  of  ConTicts  in  custody  in  Ireland,  on  tlie  Slat  Decem- 
ber, in  each  of  the  years  from  1S53  to  1S60,  indusiye : — 

Temrs.  Males.  Females.  TotaL 

1863  -  -  3,764  -  -  614  -  -  4,278 

1864  -  .  3,241  .  -  691  -  -  3,932 
1866  -  -  2,629  -  -  833  -  -  8,462 

1866  -  -  1,996  -  .  780  -  -  2,776' 

1867  -  -  1,616  -  -  682  -  -  2,298 

1868  -  -  1,296  -  .  611  -  -,  1,806 

1869  -  .  1,187  -  .  444  -  .  1,631 
1860  -  -  1,076  -  -  416  -  -  1,492 

Spike  Island  is  an  important  military  station,  with 
a  strong  fort.  The  fort  is  nearly  rectangular,  with  6 
bastions,  mounting  28  guns.  The  old  Westmoreland 
battery,*  at  the  east  of  the  island,  is  in  course  of  re« 
moyal.  It  is  contemplated  to  mount  about  20  addi- 
tional guns  on  the  sea  faces. 

Camden  Fort  is  a  sea-battery  of  12  heavy  guns. 
The  land  side  is  to  be  remodelled,  and  about  30  addi- 
tional guns  mounted.  Carlisle  is  a  battery  of  20  guns, 
and  is  to  have  30  more.  There  was  here,  in  Smithes 
time,  the  remains  of  a  large  regular  fortification,  with 

*  Wettmortiand  battery  was  erected  by  Colonel,  afterwards  General,  Vallancey, 
in  1791.    The  barracks  were  erected  in  1806. 

TOL.  II.  28 


426  insTOEY  OF  cork. 

platforms  for  gun  batteries  level  with  the  water.  There 
is  a  portion  of  the  old  walls  standing  to  the  present 
day.  A  12-gun  battery,  looking  seaward,  is  contem- 
plated at  the  Queenstown  Hospital,*  one  of  6  guns  at 
Whitepointjt  and  one  of  4  guns  at  Cork-beg  J  a  Mar- 
tello  tower  at  Eiiigabella,  and  three  Martello  towers  at 
Ballycotton.  There  are  five  of  these  towers  within 
what  we  may  call  the  harbour,  for  the  Great  Island  is 
within  the  harbour,  three  at  the  back  of  this  island, 
one  at  Haulbowline,  and  another  on  the  high  ground 
to  the  south  east  of  Binnaskiddy.  Each  of  these 
round  towers,  which  some  think  are  built  to  puzzle 
future  antiquarians,  are  being  mounted,  each  with  a 
heavy  gun,  of  a  long  range,  which  is  wheeled  round 
on  a  circular  railroad,  so  as  to  look  to  any  point  of  the 
compass.  These  towers  might  annoy  an  enemy  as  well 
as  puzzle  an  antiquarian.  They  are  sometimes  mis- 
taken by  strangers,  who  are  not  antiquarians^  for  the 
far-famed  Irish  Boimd  Towers. 

On  the  top  of  Corrabinny,  or  the  "  Bound-hill^"  near 
Camden  Fort,  was  an  ancient  earthwork  of  some  de- 
scription. Smith  says,  ^'  On  its  summit  is  one  of  the 
ancient  tumuli,  raised  to  the  memory  of  some  Irish  or 
Danish  hero  of  former  ages.     These  sepulohrea  were 

*  Queenstown  Ifospifal.  '*  The  old  battery  under  the  hospital  at  Qneemtowu, 
'which  is  now  dismantled,  should  be  remodelled,  and  armed  with  one  tier  of  heavy 
guns.  The  position  of  this  work  is  admirably  adapted  for  raking  tiie  ^proeeh  to 
the  uDjier  part  of  the  harbour,  and  would  afford  supjyort  to  the  work  on  Spiko 
Islana  if  attacked  on  the  eastern  sidC|  on  which  aide  it  ia  moat  eaeilj  ■iiilelJe^' 
Defence  CommtMwneri  Report. 

t  irhitepoint,    **  We  further  recommend  that  a  small  open  battery  dundd  kt 
placed  on  SVhitepoint,  to  rake  the  narrow  channel  between  Spike  lalnad  nd 
Queenstown,  and  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  that  part  of  the  haroonr."— J 
Qmmusumera'  Iteport, 

X  Oork'bep.  *<  It  is  desirable  to  occupy  Cork-beg  with  a  amali  wwfc,  to 
vent  an  enemy  from  obtaining  possession  of  it,  as  weU  as  to  afford  a  bettor  a 
firo  on  the  harbour."— 2>#/en^  ummieeiomr^  Report* 


CABBIGALINE   RIYEB.  427 

often  placed  on  the  sea-i  Witness  that  of  JSneas 

for  his  nnrse  Caieta,  mei  by  the  Mantnan  bard,* 

in  the  beginning  of  the      i         ^nead : — 

«  Tu  quoque,  litoribuB  noetris,  ^neia  nutrix, 
^ternam  moriens  famam  Cajeta  dedisti. 
At  pins  exequiif  iBneas  rit^  solutis 
Agg«re  oompoaito  tamuli,  postquam  alta  quienmt 
JSquora  tendit  iter  Telii." — .Xntad  VII, 

The  Awn  Buidhe,  or  Yellow,  or  Carrigaline  Biver, 
discharges  itself  into  Cork  harbour,  between  Corrabinny 
and  Fort  Camden,  t  In  a  bend  of  the  riyer  nestles  the 
little  Tillage  of  Crosshayen.  Higher  np  the  stream  is 
Tnbberayoid,  or  Drake's  Pool,  where  Admiral  Sir 
Francis  Drake  lay  concealed,  when  chased  into  the 
harbour  by  a  superior  Spanish  fleet.  On  the  right 
bank  of  the  riyer  is  Coolmore,  the  fine  demense  and 
mansion  of  the  Bey.  E.  Newenham,  and  higher  up 
Carrigaline  Castle.  On  the  left  bank,  Hodder's-field 
and  Ahamartha  Castle. 

Dr.  Smith  says,  ^^  The  first  earl  of  Cork  designed 
to  build  a  town  at  Carrigaline ;  and  as  it  lay  nearer  the 
harbour's  mouth  than  the  city  of  Cork,  and  also  had 
the  adyantage  of  a  deep  and  nayigable  channel,  he 
intended  it  should  riyal  that  city  in  trade.  He  was 
induced  to  pursue  this  scheme  out  of  a  pique  to  the 

*  JVah/imm  htard.  As  thii  passage  is  both  correotlj  and  beaatiftillj  rendered 
by  Drjden,  we  give  his  rersion : — 

.'*  And  thoQ,  0  matron  of  immortal  fame, 
Here  dying  on  the  shore,  has  left  thy  name ; 
Caieta,  still,  the  place  is  called  from  thee, 
The  nurse  of  great  Eneas'  infimcy. 
Now  when  the  prince  her  funeral  rites  had  paid, 
And  o'er  her  bones  a  lofty  mound  had  made. 
He  ploughed  the  Tyrrhene  seas  with  sails  display'd.*' 

t  Cawiim  Fort^  called  after  John  Jeffreys  Ptmtt,  second  Earl  of  Camden,  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland  in  1795. 


428  insTORT  OP  cobk. 

citizens  of  Cork,  Tvho  entered  a  bye-law  in  their  oomal 
books,  that  no  citizen  should  sell  any  lands  or  estate  la 
the  city  to  that  nobleman ;  but  the  rebellion  of  1641 
ruined  the  design."  The  parish  of  Cairigaline  ia  pazfly 
in  the  county  and  city  of  Cork,  and  partly  in  tbi 
barony  of  Kinnalea. 

Four  miles  to  the  south  of  Carrigaline  is  the  parish 
of  Tracton,  where  there  was  an  Abbey  of  Cisterdaii 
monks,  founded  by  Mac  Carthy  in  1224.  The  monkfl| 
who  came  from  Alba  Lauda,  in  Wales,  called  flie 
abbey  De  Alba  Tractu.  Great  multitudes  resorted 
here,  as  it  was  reported  the  monks  were  in  possesrioD 
of  a  portion  of  the  true  cross. 

Sir  James  Craig  and  Henry  Gilford  got  a  grant  of 
the  abbey  and  abbey  lands  from  Elizabeth  in  1568|  on 
paying  the  sum  of  £7  ISs.  Sir  James  Craig  saaigpsd 
his  interest  to  the  Earl  of  Cork,  in  the  seventh  year  of 
James  I.  Smith,  writing  more  than  a  hnndred  yean 
ago,  says,  ^^  It  is  now  quite  demolished,  and  near  it  is 
the  seat  of  Samuel  Daunt,  Esquire." 

The  Daunts  are  of  high  and  ancient  lineage.  Some 
writers  on  heraldry  identify  it  with  Danntre.  lioi  the 
wars  of  the  Boses,  in  the  15th  century,  the  Daunfi 
were  Lancastrians.  The  following  letter,  addreseedb)^ 
Prince  Edward,  son  of  King  Henry  YL  and  Maigsnt 
of  Anjou,  to  John  Daunt  of  Gloucester,  is  taken  from 
a  copy  in  an  ancient  pedigree  of  the  Daunt  fiunily,  in 
the  Herald's  office,  Dublin : — 

"  To  Our  Trusty  and  WeU-beloved  John  Daunt— 

"  Trusty  and  WeU-beloved,  Wee  greet  yowe  weU;  aoqpudBtag 
yowe  that  this  day  wee  be  arriyed  at  Waymoth  in  8a&ty«UMndbi 
our  Lorde,  and  at  our  landing  wee  have  Imowledge  that  tbe  kfag^i 


(f 


FITZGERALDS  OF  COBK-BE0.  429 

great  rebell  Edward,  Earl  of  March,  our  enemy,  approoheth  him  in 
armes  towards  the  kinge's  highness;  which  Edward  we  propose, 
with  God's  grace,  to  encounter  with  all  haste  possible.  Wherefore 
wee  hartely  pray  yowe,  and  in  the  kinge's  name  charge  yowe,  that 
yowe  incontinent,  after  the  sight  hereof,  come  to  us  wheresoever 
wee  be,  with  all  such  felloship  as  yowe  canne  make  in  your  most 
defensible  aray,  as  our  trust  is  that  yowe  will  do. 

Written  at  Waymoth  aforesaid,  the  ziii  day  of  April  [1471]. 

Moreover  wee  will  that  yowe  charge  the  Bayliffe  of  mSr  rUn 
Pdrion  to  make  all  the  people  there  to  come  in  tiieir  beste  aray 
to  us,  in  all  haste,  and  that  the  said  bayliffe  bringe  with  him  the 
rent  for  our  Lady  Day  last  past,  and  hee  nor  the  tenants  fayle  not^ 
as  he  intends  to  have  our  £Eivour.  '*  Edwajid." 

O'Neill  Daunt,  of  Eflcascan,  in  the  parish  o£  Bally- 
money,  is  a  descendant  of  this  ancient  family. 

Opposite  the  mouth  of  Carrigaline  Biyer,  and  near 
Carlisle  Fort,  is  Cork-beg,  or  Little  Cork.  Cork-beg 
is  a  pretty  little  peninsula,  mentioned  in  old  documents 
as  an  island.  It  originally  belonged  to  the  Condons, 
who  were  buried  here.  Near  the  modem  mansion  of 
Mr.  Penrose  Fitzgerald,*  are  remains  of  an  old  castle 
built  by  the  Condons  in  1396.  William  Condon  sold 
the  property  to  John  Fitzedmond  Fitzgerald,  of  Cloyne, 
in  1591.  The  purchase  of  Cork-beg,  together  with 
Aghada  and  other  places,  was  confirmed  to  John 
Fitzedmond  by  James  I.,  in  1608.  This  Fitzedmond 
Fitzgerald  was,  with  Sir  John  Norris  and  William  De 
Cogan,  a  member  of  the  parliament  assembled  in 
Dublin  in  1685,  at  which  the  vast  estates  of  ,the  Earl 
of  Desmond  were  confiscated.  He  protested  (as  we 
have  shown,  vol.  i.,  p.  271)  against  the  wholesale  con- 

^  Penrose  Fitzgerald. — The  proper  snmame  is  Penrose.  James  Penrose,  of 
Woodhill,  the  grandfather  of  the  present  proprietor,  married  Miss  Fitzgerald,  the 
daughter  of  Colonel  Fitzgerald,  of  Cork«beg,  through  whom  the  property  descended 
to  the  Penroses. 


430  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

fiscation  of  this  princely  inheritance,  and  endeayonred 
to  baffle  the  Undertakers,  when  Sir  Henry  Wallop 
produced  a  document,  which  proved  that  Fitzedmond 
had  entered  into  a  confederacy  with  the  earl,  while  in 
rebellion,  to  save  this  property.  Fitzedmond  was  also 
accused  of  "  compassing  the  match  between  the  Earl 
of  Clancarty's  daughter  and  Florence  Mac  Carthy,"  of 
whom  he  was  god-father,  but  his  friend,  Sir  Thomas 
Norreys,  of  Mallow,  defended  him  from  this  charge,  in 
a  letter  to  Sir  Francis  Walsingham,  dated  ^^  Yonghall, 
last  of  Bep%  IbSSJ'— Journal  of  Eil.  Arch.  Soeiefy, 
Yol.  iii.,  p.  239. 

Sir  Walter  Baleigh,  writing  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester 
from  Lismore,  says — "  I  am  bold,  being  bound  by  very 
conscience,  to  commend  unto  your  honour's  consider- 
ation the  pitiful  estate  of  John  Fitzedmond  of  Cloyne, 
a  gentleman,  and  the  only  one  untouched  and  proved 
true  to  the  queen,  both  in  this  and  the  last  rebellion. 
Sir  Warham  St.  Leger  can  deliver  his  service,  what  he 
is,  and  what  he  deserveth."  It  was  really  handsome 
of  Baleigh,  for  this  Fitzedmond  refused  to  gratify  Sir 
Walter  by  fighting  the  battle  of  Chore  Abbey,  or 
Midleton,  over  again,  for  which  Baleigh  charged  him 
with  cowardice  in  the  presence  of  the  Earl  of  .Ormond. 
There  was  no  one  more  willing  than  the  TSngKaTi 
knight,  to  make  the  amende  honorable.  See  voL  L, 
pages  257  &  258. 

John  Fitzedmond  had  as  great  a  genius  or  am- 
bition for  the  acquisition  of  other  people's  property,  as 
Bobert  Boyle,  and  knew  how,  when  the  occasion 
required  it,  to  make  as  poor  a  mouth.  Among  the 
State  Papers,  vol.  37,  July  2,  1572,  is  the  "Petition 


CAHLISLB  FORT  AND  TBABOLGAN.  431 

of  John  Fitzedmond  Fitzgerald,  of  Clone,  [Cloyne]  oo. 
Cork,  gent.,"  which  recites  his  services,  as  sheriff  of 
Cork,  against;,  the  rebels — ^his  decay — ^his  prayer  for 
the  fee  farm  of  Chore,  Traoton,  Ballymartyr,  Cork-beg, 
and  the  common  gaol  of  Cork,  called  the  King's  Castle, 
which  he  will  rebuild,  and  the  constableship,  with  a 
fee.  He  also  asks  for  the  reversion  of  the  abbey  of 
Tracton,  and  the  parsonage  of  Cork-beg.  The  petition 
is  addressed  to  the  Privy  Council.  The  Lord  Deputy 
Mountjoy,  in  his  journey  from  Cork  to  Waterford, 
(March  8th,  1602,)  "  lodged  at  Clone,  [Cloyne]  a  town 
manor  house  belonging  to  the  bishop  of  that  sea,  iut 
now  passed  in  fee  farm  to  Master  John  Mtssedmonds^ 
who  gave  cheerful  and  plentifril  entertainment  to  his 
lordship,  and  all  such  of  the  nobility,  captains,  gentle- 
men, and  others,  as  attended  him.  The  deputy,  as 
well  to  requite  his  perpetual  loyalty  to  the  crown  of 
England,  as  also  to  encourage  others  in  the  like,  at  his 
departure,  did  honour  him  with  the  order  of  knight- 
hood."— Pac.  ffib.y  p.  503. 

The  site  of  Carlisle  Fort,*  and  the  heath  around  it, 
was  sold  by  the  late  Mr.  Penrose  Fitzgerald,  of  Cork- 
beg,  for  a  very  large  sum  of  money,  to  the  government. 
On  the  high  ground  near  the  fort,  stands  Kupert's 
Tower,  t  and  further  south,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
harbour,  the  police  barracks  and  the  lighthouse,  and 
round  the  south-east  point,  Eoche's  Tower.  In  the 
valley,  at  the  other  side  of  this  line  of  hills,  is  Tra- 
bolgan,J  the   noble  mansion  and  demesne  of  Lord 

♦  (kirlisle  Forty  so  called  after  Frederick,  fifth  Earl  of  Cailisle,  who  was  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland  in  1780-1782. 

t  Super  fs  Tower. — We  cannot  say  how  Ruporf  s  Tower  got  this  name.  Prince 
Bupart,  as  we  have  shown,  (vol.  ii.,  p.  87)  visited  Einsale  and  Cork  in  1649. 

X  Trabolgany  i.e.,  the  shore  of  the  Belgro.— ?r«/Mfo^, 


Ii 


432  HISTORY  OF   CORK, 

Fennoji  the  Lieutenant  of  this  county.  Trabolgan 
makes  a  fine  appearance  from  the  sea,  just  before  we 
round  the  point  to  enter  Cork  harbour.  The  approach 
to  the  house  from  the  land  side  is  frilly  a  mile  in 
length.  The  part  of  the  avenue  Ijring  between  the 
triumphal  arch  and  the  house,  is  lighted  with  gas 
lamps,  which  shine  out  yery  pleasantly  among  the  trees. 
Lord  Fermoy  has  established  a  very  extensive,  and, 
as  well  as  we  can  judge,  a  most  perfect  flax  manu&o« 
tory  on  his  property.  The  machineiy  is  worked  by  a 
powerful  steam  engine;  but  he  does  not  find  the  growers 
keeping  pace  with  him.  He  united  with  Mr.  Dargan, 
the  great  railway  contractor,  in  establishing  a  similar 
manufactory  at  Eildinan,  and  here,  as  well  as  at  Trabol- 
gan, the  machinery  and  workmen  are  idle  for  a  large 
portion  of  the  year,  for  want  of  the  raw  materiaL  Lord 
Bandon,  his  brother,  (Colonel  Bernard)  and  Mr.  William 
Shaw,  of  Woodlands,  have  laboured  for  years  to  promote 
the  growth,  and  make  a  market  for  the  sale  of  flax,  but 
their  success  bears  no  proportion  to  their  exertirauu 
Trade  cannot  be  forced ;  but  as  Mr.  Maguire,  the  mem- 
ber for  Dungarvan,  says,  in  his  Irish  Indutirial 
Movement^  written  on  the  occasion  of  the  Cork  Exhibi- 
tion, ^^  I  can  see  no  reason  why  there  should  be  for  the 
future  so  vast  a  disparity  between  the  quantity  grown 
in  Ulster  and  the  quantity  grown  in  the  rest  of  L:elaad| 
as  there  was  in  1851 ;  why  Ulster  should  grow  128,726 
tons,  and  the  rest  of  Ireland  but  14,893  tons.  The 
soil  of  Ulster  is  not  more  suited  to  its  growth  than  the 
soil  of  Munster ;  and  the  same  crop  which  would  repay 
the  Ulster  farmer  for  his  labor  and  outlay,  would  abo 
repay  the  Munster  farmer  for  his  labor  and  outlay." 


POER   HEAD   AND   WHTEEGATE.  433 

But  we  hope  for  a  better  state  of  thingB,  as  the 
result  of  the  operations  of  the  Munster  Flax  Society, 
which  is  employing  experienced  persons  to  instruct 
fEmners  how  to  cultiyate  flax,  and  how  to  prepare  it 
for  the  Ulster  Market.  This  society,  which  receives  a 
small  sum  from  goyemment,  quite  disproportioned  to 
its  objects,  giyes  small  gratuities  to  aid  the  erection  of 
scutching  mills,  and  in  various  ways,  to  the  best  of  its 
ability,  endeavours  to  encourage  a  trade,  which  took  a 
firm  hold  of  the  Irish  soil  and  Irish  mind  in  Ulster, 
more  than  220  years  ago. — See  vol.  ii.,  p.  47  of  this 
history. 

The  sea-coast  from  Trabolgan  to  Ballycotton  is  wild 
and  precipitous.  Between  these  two  points  we  have 
Fewer  or  Poor  head.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  an  old 
castle,  standing  on  a  cliff,  which  rises  precipitately 
above  the  waters  that  roar  for  many  a  fathom  beneath 
it.  We  conclude  it  belonged  to  a  Power  or  Peer. 
The  Powers  predominate  in  the  neighbouring  county 
of  Waterford.  Jeoffrey  Peer  was  one  of  the  witnesses 
to  the  charter  or  grant  made  by  Henry  II.  to  Fitz- 
stephen  and  De  Cogan. 

But  to  turn  inland.  The  pretty  village  of  White- 
gate  lies  embayed  on  the  south  side  of  Cork  harbour, 
as  we  round  the  peninsula  of  Cork-beg.  It  contains 
about  one  hundred  houses,  many  of  them  occupied  by 
fishermen.  They  have  a  clean  and  cheerful  appearance. 
There  was  a  great  deal  of  straw  plait  manufactured  in 
this  village.  Crochet  work  has  taken  its  place,  as  it 
has  done  in  a  hundred  other  villages  throughout  the 
country.  The  village  of  Whitegate  is  partly  in  the 
parish  of  Cork- beg  and  partly  in  that  of  Aghada. 


434  niSTOBY  OF  cobk. 

Aghada,  which  name  *  seems  to  mark  the  site  of  a 
battle,  is  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Whitegate. 
The  village  is  small,  but  the  great  fEtcilities  afforded  by 
river  steamers — ^which  stop  at  Aghada  pier — ^for  tra- 
velling to  Cork,  and  by  oars  to  Cloyne  and  BallyoottoD, 
is  improving  the  value  of  property  in  this  part  of  the 
harbour.  Some  good  houses  and  pretty  cottages  are 
springing  up  along  the  shore. 

Adjoining  Aghada  isL  the  village  of  Farsit.  Mr. 
Windele,  in  his  " Historical  Notices,"  says,  "It  for- 
merly gave  name  to  the  whole  harbour,  which,  in 
early  times,  was  called  Beala-far-sid,  t.^.,  the  ford  of 
the  man  of  Sidon,  a  name  clearly  indicating  one  of  those 
early  settlements  of  the  Phcenician  navigators,  known 
in  later  times  as  Cuthites  or  Scots." 

We  think  this  derivation  of  Farsit,  or  the  man  of 
Sidon,  rather  far-fetched.  Doctor  O'Donovan  infonns 
me  that  ^^  Fersat  "f  ^^  applied  to  several  sandbaiiks, 
formed  by  a  fresh-water  river  and  the  refluent  tide. 
Bel-fersaite,  now  Belfast,  was  called  from  a  sandbank 
of  this  nature,  which  was  crossed  by  the  people  when 
the  tide  was  out. 

Bostellan  demesne,  formerly  belonging  to  the  Mar- 
quis of  Thomond,  now  the  property  of  Mr.  Wise, 
occupies  a  tongue  of  land  about  a  mile  broad,  between 
the  creeks  of  Farsit  and  Saleen. 

♦  Which  name.—*'  Aghada,  belonging  to  a  fight  or  battle— contantioni.  owr. 
Te]some:'—(/linlly's  Irish  Dictionary.  ^ 

t  Fersat.— In  the  counties  of  Mayo  and  Sligo  there  are  Tarioii8/#r««ei  of  CUi 
kind,  which  can  be  crossed  when  the  tide  is  out.  ^Die  coimtzT  peopla.  who  fl«- 
quentlj  cross  them,  mark  their  position  by  two  heaps  of  stonea,  t£it  ther 
venture  on  them  while  they  are  as  yet  covered  by  the  ebbing  tide.  TIm  ta 
monest  direction  given  by  them  to  a  stranger  travelling  on  foot  ii,  "  If  yoa 
get  th%  fersat,  you  can  shorten  the  way  by  four  milea."  "  You  iml  And  it  m 
to  wait  for  the/«-;M^  than  to  go  round  by  tiie  bridge." J)r,ODm9Hm, 


ROSTELLAN  DEMESNE.  435 

The  third  and  last  Marquis  of  Thomond  died  July 
3rd,  1855,  leaving  no  descendant;  "  on  which  occasion," 
says  Sir  Bernard  Burke,  '^  the  marquessate  of  Thomond, 
and  earldom  of  Inchiquin,  and  the  barony  of  Thomond 
of  Taplow,  became  extinct ;  but  the  barony  of  Inchi- 
qnin  devolved  on  Sir  Lucius  O'Brien,  Baronet  of 
Dromoland,  now  thirteenth  Lord  Inchiquin." 

BosteUan  was  sold  on  the  death  of  the  last  marquis, 
and  purchased  by  Mr.  Wise,  The  name  of  Wysse, 
Wyse,  or  Wise,  is  of  great  antiquity  in  England  as  well 
as  Scotland.  The  armoria]  bearings  of  Wise  and  Wise- 
man shew  the  English  and  Scottish  branch  sprung  from 
the  same  stem.  The  family  took  root  in  Scotland  at 
an  early  period.  We  find  them  ranged  under  the 
standard  of  the  heroic  Bruce,  in  opposition  to  Edward. 
A  Wise  commanded  —  under  Bruce  —  the  force  by 
which  the  lord  of  Lome  was  defeated,  at  Branderawe, 
in  1301.  His  standard  was  displayed  in  1314  at 
the  ever  memorable  battle  of  Bannockbum.  Thomas 
Alexander  Wise,  Esq.,  M.D.,  F.E.S.E.,  late  of  Hill- 
bank,  in  the  county  of  Forfar,  in  Scotland,  is  now  resid- 
ing at  Kostellan  House,  from  whom  I  have  received  the 
following  memoranda : — 

"  The  oldn  church  *  of  Eostellan  was  situated  near 
the  battery,!  in^front  of  the  castle.  It  has  long  since 
disappeared.  A  sycamore  tree,  beneath  which  the  cler- 
gyman is  *  read '  into  the  parish,  points  out  the  spot 

*  The  old  chureh.—JioQioT  Wise  has  lately  discoTered,  in  the  demesne,  the 
foondations  of  what  was  once  called  the  '*  Old  monastery." 

t  The  battery. — The  wall  at  the  west  end  of  Eostellan  demesne,  and  its  round 

tower,  has  the  appearance  of  a  battery,  and  here  are  four  brass  pleees  pointing 

down  the  harbour,  on  one  of  which  we  read — **  Assubbvs  Kosteb  mb  Feoit, 

r      Amstelrbdam,  a?  1646."    We  conclude  from  the  date,  it  was  brought  here  by 

k    Inchiquin,  when  generd  of  the  Parliamentary  troops.     The  other  three  pieces 

..     are  of  more  modem  date,  1786. 


436  HISTOEY  OF   COBX. 

where  it  stood.  Near  this  is  the  site  of  the  anoieiit 
churchyard,  which  may  still  be  distinguished  in  diy 
seasons,  by  the  grass  drying  np  over  flag-stones^  pro- 
bably left  near  the  surface.  It  is  believed  by  many  of 
the  inhabitants,  that  an  old  woman  cursed  the  Tho- 
monds  for  removing  the  grave-stone  of  her  fsunily,  to 
pave  a  new  kitchen.  She  predicted  they  would  never 
have  a  direct  heir,  and  that  crows  would  never  build 
their  nests  in  the  woods  of  Bostellan.  Both  proved 
true.  The  three  Marquises^  of  Thomond  bad  no  male 
heir,  and  crows  do  not  build  upon  the  stately  trees 
near  the  castle.  I  can  find  no  flag  stonea  in  the 
kitchen  floor  that  could  have  been  tomb-stoneBi  and 
as  cranes  have  taken  possession  of  the  trees^  this 
accounts  for  the  absence  of  crows. 

^'  In  the  entrance  hall  of  the  castle  of  Bostellan,  was 
a  large  two-handed  sword  and  a  helmet^  that  had 
belonged — it  is  said — to  the  renowned  Brian  Boni|  the 
progenitor  of  the  Thomond  family.  On  the  sale  of  the 
property,  the  sword  was  left,  but  the  helmet|  which 
was  a  comparatively  modem  piece  of  armour,  removed. 
Its  real  history  was  discovered  on  the  occasion  of  tiie 
nieces  of  the  late  Admiral  Sir  Bichard  Ghrant,  visiting 
Bostellan.  On  that  occasion  the  old  admiral  requested 
them  to  enquire  for  '  the  helmet  he  had  picked  tg^  m 
SpaiUj  and  which  had  for  years  decorated  his  ship's 
cabin,'  and  which,  at  the  request  of  the  marquis,  he 
had  sent  to  Bostellan,  as  a  suitable  companion  to  the 
two-handed  sword." 

In  the  hall  of  Bostellan  is  a  statue,  in  lead,  of  Ad- 
miral Lord  Hawke,  ordered  by  the  corporation  of  OoiA» 
The  excitement  having  cooled  down  before  the  statue 


ADMIBAL   HAWKE's   STATUE.  437 

-was  completed,  the  work  was  left  on  the  artist's  hands. 
The  Earl  of  Inchiquin  became  the  purchaser,  and  set 
it  np  near  the  battery,  with  its  back  towards  the  un- 
grateful city.  It  fell  from  its  pedestal  many  years 
ago,  and  lay  buried  beneath  a  heap  of  rubbish.  Here 
it  was  discovered  by  Doctor  Wise,  in  a  sadly  battered 
state,  wanting  a  nose,  which  has  been  supplied  with 
great  skill.  The  admiral  is  now  established  in  the 
hall  of  Sostellan,  amidst  a  splendid  array  of  guns, 
pistols,  blunderbusses,  swords,  spears  and  daggers,  of  ^ 
eyery  imaginable  size  and  shape,  intermingled  with 
the  antlers  of  Irish  deer,  and  the  heads  of  Indian  tigers. 
Here  the  old  warlike  admiral*  must  feel  quite  at  home. 
The  conduct  of  the  corporation  to  Lord  Chatham,* 
or  rather  to  his  statue,  was  on  a  par  with  their  conduct 
to  Admiral  Hawke.  When  Cork  supported  and  lauded 
the  measures  of  the  great  statesman,  he  praised  both  i 
city  and  citizens,  of  which  they  shewed  their  appre- 
ciation by  voting  him  a  statue,  and  the  freedom  of  the 
city  in  a  gold  box.  When  Cork  was  quoted  against 
Chatham,  "  Quote  Cork  against  me,  forsooth,"  thun- 
dered the  great  commoner — "  What  do  I  care  for  what 
is  done  in  Cork,  that  refuge  for  pirates,  that  spawning 
ground  for  smugglers,  and  prolific  nursery  of  priva- 
teers."    It  was  after  this  that  his  statue  was  stow.ed 


^*  The  old  icarlike  admiral.  We  conclade  that  Her  Majesty'i  ship  Smok^ 
which,  for  the  last  few  years,  has  been  guard-ship  of  our  harbour,  was  called  after 
this  old  admiral. 

*  Lord  Chatham  was  a  descendant  of  the  Fitzgeralds  of  Dronuma.  A  branch 
of  the  English  YiUiers  settled  in  Ireland,  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and 
became  ennobled,  in  the  Irish  peerage,  by  the  title  of  Orandiaon  Ed.  Yillien, 
the  eldest  son  of  George,  fourth  Viscount  Orandison,  married,  in  1676,  Catherine, 
daughter  and  heiress  to  John  Fitzgerald,  of  Dromana.  The  third  danehter  of 
that  marriage,  Harriet  Yilliers,  married  Kobert  Pitt,  of  Booonnoo,  and  Mcame 
mother  to  Lord  Chatham,  and  grandmother  of  William  Pitt,  the  younger. 


438  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

away  in  a  wooden  box.  It  has  lately  emerged  from 
the  box,  and  now  adorns  the  Cork  Athenaeum. 

But  this  was  nothing  to  their  ingratitude  and  dis- 
loyalty to  James  II.  We  quote  from  Mr.  Windele's 
Historical  Notices^  page  20 :  "  In  the  County  Grand 
Jury  Eoom  is  a  wooden  statue  of  William  III.,  the 
history  of  which  is  not  a  little  curious.  It  originally 
represented  his  father-in-law,  James,  but  on  his  down- 
fall, the  statue  was  dishonorably  flung  aside,  having, 
however,  been  first,  for  the  sins  of  the  original,  deca- 
pitated. For  several  years  it  had  lain  neglected,  under 
the  stairs  leading  to  the  offices,  until  the  rebuilding  of 
the  old  Court  House,  (King's  Old  Castle,)  in  1806, 
when  it  was  once  more  placed  on  a  pedestal  in  the 
Grand  Jury  Boom,  at^d  the  lost  head  replaced  hg  that 
of  William.  From  the  old  it  was  removed  to  the  new 
Grand  Jury  Eoom,  by  order,  in  1836."  Cork  has 
very  many  sins  to  answer  for  on  the  score  of  numu- 
ments  to  great  men.  George  II.  is  fast  sinking  into 
the  belly  of  his  horse,  and  the  horse  is  supported  by 
an  ugly  crutch.  There  is  the  monument  of  Father 
Mathew ;  or,  I  ought  rather  to  ask,  Where  is  the  munmr 
ment  of  Father  Mathew  ? 

The  Bostellan  property  has  been  greatly  improved 
since  it  came  into  the  possession  of  the  Wise  fiunily. 
I  went  over  the  estate  about  three  years  ago,  with  a 
friend,  who  thought  of  purchasing  it,  and  it  is  so 
altered  for  the  better,  in  its  woods  and  walks,  its  tillage 
and  its  pasturage,  that,  to  use  a  conmion  expression,  I 
should  scarcely  have  known  it 


CHAPTER   XIX. 

3B01CLECHS  —  CASTLE-MART  —  CLOTNB    CATBEDBAL  —  BOUND 

TOWER — BISHOP    BERKELEY TOWN    OF   CLOTNE — MABGABET 

COBKEB— WILLIAM   FENN — ^BALLTCOTTON. 

Phb  barony  of  Imokilly  *  13  distinguished  for  its  old 
nonument3,  be  they  Christian  or  Druidical.  An 
meient  cromlech,  or  tomb,  stands  on  the  strand  of 
Saleen,  within  Eostellan  demesne.  The  top,  or  **altar- 
itone,"  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  fell  down,  but  has 
>een  restored  by  Doctor  Wise.  The  stones  of  a  second 
H*omlech  are  lying  near  the  path  above  the  shore, 
rhere  is  a  very  fine  one  in  the  beautiful  demesne 
if  Mr.  Longfield,  of  Castle-Mary.  The  top  stone  is  1 6 
feet  in  length,  by  11  in  breadth. 

Some  think  these  stones  are  merely  monumental,  to 
nark  the  ashes  of  the  dead;  others,  that  they  are 
[)ruidieal  altars,  on  which  sacrifices  were  offered. 
Doctor  Smith,  speaking  of  the  altar  at  Castle-Mary, 
ays,  "  Adjoining  it  is  a  large  round  flag-stone,  or 
able,  which  was  probably  used  for  cutting  up  the 
dctims  for  the  sacrifice."  Again,  "  This  place  was 
tailed  formerly  Cot's- rock,  from  the  remains  of  a 
Jruid's  altar."  He  adds  in  a  note,  "  This  altar  was 
lamed,  in  Irish,  Carig  croith|  the  Sun's-rock.     The 

*  Imokilly  is  derived,  by  Doctor  O'DonoTan,  from  TJi-Mocaille,  the  name  of 
p  ancient  Irish  sept,  of  which  Mac  Tire,  of  Oastlemartyr,  was  the  chief  at  the 
bne  of  the  JEngUsh  invasion. 


440  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

ancient  Irish  worshipped  the  sun,  and  swore  by  its 
head."     Could  Cot's-rock  be  a  corruption  of  Gk)dV 
Tocky  and  God's-rook  the  English  translation  of  Grom- 
leac,   or   God's  flag  or  stone?     Mr.  Windele  saya^ 
"  Crom  was  the  Supreme  Power,  the  Jupiter  Tonans  of 
the  ancient  Irish."     Or  could  Cot's,  or  Cat's-rock,  6e 
a  sort  of  half  translation  of  the  original  name,  Otarraiji' 
a-catha^  *^  the  Eock  of  worship."     "  And  Jacob  aroee 
up  early  in  the  morning,  and  took  the  stone  that  he 
had  put  for  his  pillow,  and  set  it  up  for  a  pillar,  and 
poured  oil  upon  it,  and  he  called  the  name  of  that 
place  Beth' El^  ^  Qod's-house.' " — Gen.  chap.  xviiL,  T. 
18,  19.     Bising  behind  Fermoy  is  the  mountain  of 
Caim-na-Thiama^  in  English,  the  Lord's-heap,  a  name 
expressive  of  the  cairn,  or  heap  of  stones  on  its  Bummit 
In  Irish,  Ti-mhor  signifies  the  Supreme  Being;  and 
Ti-ama,  a  lord  or  prince ;  but  may  not  the  term  lotd 
be  sometimes  used,  as  in  English,  in  the  saperior 
sense  ? 

The  old  cathedral  town  of  Cloyne  is  about  tiiree 
miles  from  Bostellan.  It  is  called  in  Irish  ChoM* 
Umha^  ^^The  Lawn  of  the  Cave."  There  axe  some 
very  deep  and  interesting  caves  in  a  lawn  or  field  near 
the  old  cathedral,  where  tradition  says  the  early 
Christians  sought  shelter  from  the  Druids.  Theae 
caves  are  thus  described  by  Bishop  Bennett,  in  a  letter 
to  Doctor  Parr : — "  At  the  end  of  the  garden  is  whit 
we  call  a  rock  shrubbery,  a  walk  leading  under  young 
trees,  among  sequestered  crags  of '  limestone,  whieh 
hang  many  feet  above  our  heads,  and  ending  at  tie 
mouth  of  a  cave  of  unknown  length  and  depth,  whieh 
branches  to  a  great  distance  under  the  earth,  and  is 


CLOYNE  CATHEDRAL.  441 

tanctified  by  a  thonsand  wild  traditions."  A  subter- 
ranean river  or  stream  runs  through  these  mysterious 
md  dark  caves. 

A  bishopric  was  established  in  Cloyne  in  the  sixth 
lentury.  Coleman,  the  first  bishop,  is  generally  con- 
idered  to  have  been  a  disciple  of  St.  Finn-Barr,  of 
)ork.  His  church  at  Cloyne  is  thus  described  by  the 
luthor  of  the  life  of  St.  Brendan : — "  Erat  hie  Cole- 
aanus,  filius  Lenini,  vita  et  doctrin^  inter  sanctos 
ireecipuus.  Ipse  fundavit  ecclesiam  Clonensem^  qusD 
Bt  hodie  cathedralis  et  famosa  in  partibus  Momonise. 
ylaruit  in  seculo  sexto,  sed  placide  tandem  in  Domino 
•bdormivit  anno  C04." 

Mr.  Croker  describes  the  cathedral  as  a  '^  small 
leavy  building,  without  any  pretension  to  ornament." 
3ishop  Bennett  concluded  it  was  built  between  the 
niddle  and  close  of  the  thirteenth  century,  as  it  has 
10  mouldings  of  the  zigzag  kind,  nail-'headed  or  billeted 
dnd,  nor  round  arched  windows,  which  distinguish 
irhat  is  called  the  Saxon,  or  rather  Norman  archi- 
ecture,  before  the  introduction  of  the  Gothic,  in  the 
ime  of  Henry  III. 

There  is  an  old  manuscript  in  the  British  Museum, 
vhich  is  believed  to  have  belonged  to  Sir  James  Ware, 
Slo.  LI. ;  of  the  Clarendon  Collection,  4,796.  It  con- 
ains  the  following  account  of  the  virtues  of  Cloyne  as 
i  place  of  burial. 

"In  the  life  of  Ryan  it  is  set  down,  that  the  best  bloods  of 
reland  have  chosen  their  bodies  to  be  buried  in  Cloyne,  which 
ihoice,  for  that  Ryan  had  such  power,  being  a  holy  bishop,  through 

*  FUius  Lenini. — He  is  called  Coleman  Mao  Lenine.  He  is  thought  to  have 
loen  oonsin-germaln  to  St  Bridget. 

▼OL.  II.  d9 


442  msTOiiY  OP  corx. 

the  will  of  God,  that  what  souls  harboured  in  the  bodies  buried 
under  that  dust,  may  never  be  adjudged  to  damnation,  wiierefore 
those  of  the  said  blood,  have  divided  the  churchyard  amongst 
themselves,  by  the  consent  of  Ryan  and  his  holy  clerks." 

In  Cloyne  we  have  a  very  fine  specimen  of  a  Boundk^ 
Tower,  now  used  as  a  belfrey.*     "  Near  the  churoh,*^" 
says  Dr.  Smith,    ^^  stands  a  ronnd  tower,  02  feet  higtr: 
and  10  feet  in  diameter.     The  door  is  about  13  fee^^ 
from  the  ground,  and  faces  the  west  entrance  of  th^ 
church,  as  all  the  doors  of  these  kind  of  buildings  do^ 
that  I  have  seen."     The  most  correct  and  minute  de- 
scription of  this  tower  is  that  by  Richard  Bolt  Brash , 
Esquire,   architect,   in  the  Journal  of  the  Kilkenny 
Arch83ological  Society,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  263-266.     Erom 
this  valuable  and  learned  paper  we  find  the  Cloyne 
tower  is  100  feet  and  2|  inches  in  height,  and  9  feet 
2  inches  in  diameter  at  the  sill  of  the  doorway.    It  is 
divided  into  storeys  by  seven  off-sets.    It  is  built  of  a 
yellowish  brown  sandstone,  in  spawled  rubble  woric, 
and  not  in  courses.     A  small  portion  of  limeHrtone^ 
and  a  few  blocks  of  red  sandstone  are  used  at  flie 
facings. 

Doctor  Fetrie  has  written  a  very  able,  leamedi  and 
elaborate  work,  containing  256  architectural  illnBtiar 
tions,  in  order  to  prove  that  these  towers  are  of  CShriS' 
tian  origin,  and  were  intended  for  belfireys  and  places 
of  protection.  He  draws  the  following  oondnBioiis 
from  his  premises,  or  extensive  collection  of  feota  :— 

1.  That  the  Irish  were  unacquainted  with  the  art  of 
constructing  an  arch,  or  with  the  use  of 


*  A  belfrey. — A  bell  waa  hung  in  tbis  tower,  in  1683vpi6Mnt«d  by  ikm  Bfi^ 
Rowland  Davies,  Dean  of  Ross,  and  afterwards  of  Cork.    Tne  towor 
as  a  prison,  from  wbich  a  daring  fellow,  named  Colbort, 
ontside,  bj  means  of  the  bell-rope. 


ROUND   TOWERS.  443 

anterior  to  the  introduction  of  Christianity.  These 
towers  have  arches^  and  are  built  with  stone  and  lime* 
cement. 

2.  That  no  building  in  Ireland,  assigned  to  pagan 
times,  displays  the  existence  of  architectural  skill 
necessary  for  the  construction  of  such  towers. 

3.  That  no  writer,  previous  to  Qeneral  Valiancy, 
attributes  the  round  towers  to  any  other  than  a  Chris- 
tian, or,  at  least,  a  medisBval  origin. 

Doctor  Petrie  promises  to  shew,  in  another  work, 
descriptive  of  ancient  churches  and  towers — which  he 
has  not  yet  published — that  these  buildings  are  never 
found  unconnected  with  ancient  ecclesiastical  founda- 
tions; that  they  exhibit  no  features  which  are  not 
found  in  the  churches  with  which  they  are  connected ; 
that  on  several  of  them  Christian  emblems  are  observ- 
able; and  that  their  whole  style  of  architecture  is 
Christian.  In  proof  of  their  original  use,  as  belfreys, 
he  argues,  that  the  Irish,  from  an  early  period,  had 
campanilia,  called  in  Irish  annals  and  other  ancient 
authorities,  cloictheach^  and  that  clogas^  a  synonymous 
term,  or  a  corrupted  form  of  the  same  term,  is  used  in 
Ireland  to  the  present  day.  In  proof  of  their  object 
and  use  as  places  of  refuge  and  safety,  he  quotes 
Colonel  Montmoreucy's  "  Historical  and  Critical  In- 
quiry into  the  use  of  the  Irish  Pillar  Tower,"  and  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  "  Review  of  Eitson's  Annals  of  the 
Caledonians,  Picts  and  Scots."  We  give  the  passages: 

'*  The  pillar-tower,  as  a  defensive  hold,  taking  into  account  the 
period  that  produced  it,  may  fairly  pass  for  one  of  the  completest 
inventions  that  can  well  be  imagined.  Impregnable  every  way, 
ai.d  proof  against  fire,  it  could  never  be  taken  by  assault.  Although 


444  HISTORY   OP  CORK. 

the  abbey  and  its  dependencies  blazed  around,  the  tower  disregarded 
the  fury  of  the  flames ;  its  extreme  height,  its  isolated  position,  and 
diminutive  doorway,  elevated  so  many  feet  above  the  g^und,  plaoed 
it  beyond  the  reach  of  the  besieger.     The  signal  once  made,  an- 
nouncing the  approach  of  a  foe,  by  those  who  kept  watch  on  the 
top,  the  alarm  spread  instantaneously,  not  only  among  the  wm^toa 
of  the  cloister,  but  the  inhabitants  were  roused  to  arms  in  th^ 
country  many  miles  around.   Should  the  barbarians,  in  the  interval^ 
before  succour  arrived,  succeed  in  ransacking  the  convent,  anft. 
afterwards  attempt  to  force  his  entrance  to  the  tower,  a  «loiiea» 
dropped  from  on  high,  would  crush  Mm  to  atoms." 

Sir  Walter  Soott  writes  as  follows: 

"  In  Ireland  there  exists  nearly  thirty  of  these  very  peonBar 
buildings,  which  have  been  the  very  cnues  antiqttariorum.  They 
could  not  have  been  beacons,  for  they  are  often  placed  in  low  aitoa- 
tions,  although  there  are  sites  adjacent  well  calculated  for  witch 
towers.  They  could  not  be  hermitages,  unless  we  sappoae  that 
some  caste  of  anchorites  had  improved  on  the  idea  of  Simon  Stylites, 
and  taken  up  their  abode  in  the  hollow  of  such  a  pillar  as  that  of 
which  the  Syrian  holy  man  was  contented  to  occupy  the  top.  They 
could  hardly  be  belfreys,  for  although  always  placed  dose  cr  nssr 
to  a  church,  there  is  no  aperture  at  the  top  for  suffering  the  ■ound 
of  bells  to  be  heard. 

«<  Minarets  they  might  have  been  accounted,  if  we  had  authority 
for  believing  that  the  ancient  Christians  were  summoned  to  prajgs 
like  the  Mahometans,  by  the  voice  of  criers.  It  is,  howeter,  sU  bnft 
impossible  to  doubt  that  they  were  ecclesiastical  buildiiiga,  and  the 
most  distinct  idea  we  are  able  to  form  of  them  is,  from  the 
circumstance  that  the  inestimably  singular  scene  of  Irish  antiqai- 
ties,  called  the  seven  churches  in  the  county  Wicklow»  indndss 
one  of  those  round  towers,  detached  in  the  usual  mamiflr,  and 
another  erected  on  the  gable  end  of  the  nunons  chapel  ct  6t 
Kevin,  as  if  some  architect  of  genius  had  discovered  the  means  of 
uniting  the  steeple  and  the  church.  These  towers  might  fomHj 
have  been  contrived  for  the  temporary  retreat  of  the  priest,  and  the 
means  of  protecting  the  *  holy  things '  from  deseeration  on  the  00- 
cosion  of  alarm,  which,  in  those  uncertain  times,  suddenly 
and  as  suddenly  passed  away." 


BEBKBLEY  AND   SWIFT.  44$ 

Some  distinguished  men  were  bishops  of  Cloyne. 
JLmong  the  most  eminent,  I  may  mention  Doctor 
George  Berkeley,  to  whom  Pope  ascribes  every  Tirtue 
under  heaven.  He  was  promoted  to  the  see  of  Cloyne 
by  Queen  Caroline,  the  consort  of  George  II.,  the  17th 
of  March,  1734.  When  Lord  Chesterfield,  in  1746, 
offered  him  Clogher,  worth  twice  as  much,  he  declined 
it,  because  ^^  he  had  enough,"  and  he  ^^  admired  the 
scenery  of  Cloyne."  He  wrote  many  valuable  works» 
but  thought  more  of  his  tract  on  "  Tar  Water,"  than 
any  other  of  his  productions.  He  candidly  acknow- 
ledged that  he  looked  upon  tar  water  as  a  sort  of 
panacea.  The  work  by  which  he  acquii*ed  the  greatest 
notoriety  was  his  "  Principles  of  Human  Knowledge," 
written  to  meet  the  infidel  objiBctions,  then  in  vogue, 
respecting  the  independent  self-existence  of  matter. 
He  argued,  and  argued  truly,  that  we  have  no  proof 
of  the  existence  of  matter,  but  by  our  perceptions. 
Those  who  did  not  understand  him,  imagined  that 
he  denied  the  existence  of  matter,  and  laughed  at 
him  for  it ;  and  those  who  did  understand  him  had  no 
objection  to  join  in  the  laugh.  Dean  Swift  visited 
Cloyne,  and  entered  the  palace  while  Berkeley  was  in 
the  garden,  either  tending  his  plants,  or  making  ex- 
periments on  the  virtues  of  tar  water.  A  heavy 
shower  of  rain  caused  him  to  seek  the  shelter  of  the 
house,  the  door  of  which  he  found  closed  against  him. 
He  knocked,  but  got  no  admittance.  Looking  up  to 
the  windows,  he  saw  the  witty  dean  grinning  down  on 
him,  and  said,  "  Come  down  and  let  me  in ;  don't  you 
see  the  rain?"  —  "  There's  no  such  thing  as  rain," 
replied  Swift,  *^  it  is  merely  a  perception." 


A 


440  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

He  left  Cloyne  for  Oxford  in  the  July  of  1752,  in 
order  to  roperintend  the  education  of  his  son.  Am  he 
disapproved  of  non-reBidence,  he  offered  to  resiga  Us 
bishopric,  but  the  king  would  not  hear  of  it^  allowing 
him  to  live  where  he  pleased.  Has  last  aot^  before 
leaving  Cloyne,  was  to  make  an  arrangement  by 
which  £200  was  distributed  annually  among  tiM 
poor  householders  of  Cloyne,  Aghada,  and  the  Bela- 
bouring villages.  He  left  Cloyne  for  Oxford,  in  July, 
1752.  On  Sunday  evening,  January  14th,  1763,  he 
was  lying  on  his  oouoh,  listening  to  one  of  Bishop 
Sherlock's  sermons,  which  his  wife  was  reading  to  him, 
when  he  was  seized  with  what  his  physioians  oalled  a 
palsey  of  the  heart,  and  expired  so  suddenly  and 
quietly,  that  it  was  only  when  his  daughter  went  to 
give  him  a  cup  of  tea  she  perceived  he  was  dead,  ffis 
remains  were  interred  in  Christ  Churoh,  Oxford,  where 
a  monument  is  erected  to  his  memory.  In  penran  he 
was  stout  and  well  made ;  his  face  was  benignant  and 
expressive,  his  manners  kind  and  polite,  and  his  oon- 
vcrsation,  when  excited,  on  the  independent  self- 
existence  of  matter,  or  the  virtues  of  tar  water,  warm, 
animated,  and  enthusiastic. 

Crofton  Croker  describes  the  town  of  Cloyne,  in 
1824,  as  straggling  and  miserable,  composed  of  mnd 
cabins  and  an  inferior  description  of  houses.  In  1800 
the  number  of  houses  was  308,  and  people  1600.  In 
1813  it  contained  about  2,000  inhabitants.  In  1838 
tlie  number  was  2,227.  The  town  consists  of  two 
streets,  intersecting  each  other  at  right  angles.  The 
number  of  houses  is  about  850,  which  are  small  and 
irregularly  built.    The  only  manufiwture  in  the  town 


I 

M 


WILLIAM  PENlt's  PESGENDANTS.  447 

is  that  of  brognes  and  hats.  The  land  in  the  neigh- 
bonrhood  of  Cloyne  is  most  excellent.  Limestone 
prevails  throughout  the  district.  There  is  a  quarry  of 
fine  Italian  dove  coloured  marble  at  Carrigaorump. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  Cloyne  is  the  castle  of 
Ballymaloe^  the  former  residence  of  the  Corkers,  who 
came  to  Ireland  with  King  William.  The  family  tomlx 
is  in  Cloyne  Cathedral.  A  Miss  Corker  was  buried 
here.  When  the  tomb  was  opened,  some  years  ago,  an 
orange  silk  handkerchief  was  found  binding  her  brow; 
and  I  am  credibly  inibrmed,.  by  a  lady,  a  near  relative 
of  the  family,  who  saw  the  precious  relic,  that  ^^a 
guinea  was  freely  given  for  a  square  inch  or  two  of  it." 

Shanagarry  is  about  two  miles  from  Cloyne.  We 
have  shewn  that  the  Shanagairry  estate  wad  granted  by 
Charles  II.  to  the  famous  Quaker,  William  Fenn,  in 
exchange  for  Macroom,  which  was  restored  to  its 
proper  owner,  Lord  Muskerry.  Mr.  Peter  Penn-. 
Gaskell,  a  lineal  descendant  of  William  Penn,  has 
been  residing  at  Shanagarry  House  for  the  last  two  or 
three  years.  He  inherits  a  portion  of  Penn's  Irish 
property,  as  well  as  property  in  Pennsylvania,  or  Phil-, 
adelphia.  William  Penn  was  married  twice.  First, 
in  1672,  to  Guielma  Maria  Springett,  from  whom  Mr. 
Penn-Gaskell  is  descended.  He  married  a  second  time, 
in  1696,  Hannah  Callowhill.  His  sons,  Thomas*  and 
Eichard,  by  this  marriage,  were  joint  proprietors  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Ballycotton  is  a  good  fishing  village,  about  four 

♦  Thomas.  This  Thomaa  married  Lady  Juliana  Fermor,  daughter  of  the  Earl 
Pomfret.  Their  daughter,  Sophia  Margaret,  married,  in  1796,  Archbishop  Stuart. 
Primate  of  Armagh,  and  d^cd  in  1847,  whose  daughter,  M«rj  Juliana,  marriea 
Thomas,  Viscount  Northland,  now  Earl  of  Ranfurley. 


448  HISTORY  OF  CORK. 

miles  from  Cloyne,  on  the  south- western  shore  of  St  ^ 
George's  channel.  The  harbour  would  be^  like  Cork  ^ 
a  ^^  Static  bene  fida  carinis,"  if  the  two  islands  at  i 
entrance  were  united  to  each  other,  and  to  the  mail 
land.  One  of  these  islands  is  crowned  with  a  fin. 
lighthouse.  There  is  an  island,  or  rock,  further  ou 
called  the  Cottony  from  which,  of  course,  we  hav^c 
Ballycotton. 

The  town  is  becoming  the  resort,  in  summer,  of  sea- 
bathers,  many  of  whom  are  satisfied  to  reside  in  the 
cabins  of  fishermen,  which  are  fitted  up  for  their 
temporary  accommodation. 

I  saw,  in  many  of  the  houses,  or  oabins,  of  this 
village,  a  bellows  of  a  very  curious  construotioxu  It 
is  a  sort  of  little  windmill,  built  into  the  hob,  which  is 
hollow.  You  turn  a  handle,  as  you  would  that  of  a 
grindstone,  and  the  air  rushes  out  through  a  tube  at  the 
Btde  of  the  fire.  It  performs  its  object  perfectly,  and 
it  has  this  advantage,  that  ffour  neigMnmrM  cannot  hmmrn 
iiy  and  must,  therefore,  provide  for  themselvefl.  It 
would  be  well  if  every  village  in  Ireland  had  this  sort 
of  bellows.  It  would  save  poor  people  a  great  deal  of 
time,  lost  in  borrowing.  There  is  nowhere  yoa  hear 
the  question  so  often  put  as  in  Ireland,  '*  TFS2Z  ffem 
lend  me  the  loan  of  your  bellows  ?  "  And  the  wont  of 
it  is  they  all  want  it  about  the  same  time.  We 
strongly  recommend  the  Ballycotton  bellows  to  all 
poor  people.  A  handy-man  might  erect  one  at  his  firs 
side,  in  two  or  three  hours,  at  the  cost  of  a  ahillingi  or 
the  utmost,  one  and  sixpence^ 


CHAPTER    XX. 

CABIIGTOHILL — JAMES  II.  AT  BAI.LIN8PBE&IG BARBT's   COUBT 

— MIDLBTON  — MOOBEI.Y — 0A8TLBMABTTB — LBPBB   HOUBB — 
KII.LBAOH — ^AOHADOB — ^YOUGKAL — BLACKWATEB. 

The  distance  by  rail,  from  Cork  to  Yonghal,  is  twenty- 
seyen  miles.  The  completion  of  this  railway,  which 
was  commenced  many  years  ago  and  broke  down,  is 
altogether  owing  to  the  ability,  enterprise,  and  capital 
of  D.  Leopold  Lewis,  Esquire,  of  London,  who  has 
lately  purchased  the  town  of  Youghal  from  the  Duke 
of  Devonshire. 

The  principal  stations  on  the  Youghal  line  of  rail- 
way, are  Carrigtohill,  Midleton  and  Eilleagh. 

Carrigtohill  *  is  described  by  Smith  as  ^^  a  small 
village,  eight  [Lish]  miles  fix)m  Cork,  seated  on  an 
arm  of  the  sea,  which  at  high  water  flows  under  a 
bridge  of  eight  arches,  and  overspreads  a  large  tract 
of  land,  making  an  excellent  marsh  for  fattening 
horses."  It  is  scarcely  correct  to  call  the  marsh  an 
arm  of  the  sea.  Carrigtohill  lies  to  the  north  of  the 
Little  Island,  round  which  a  stream  of  salt  water  still 
manages  to  creep.  In  the  old  parish  church  of  Carrig- 
tohill is  a  monument  of  Italian  marble,  erected  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  James  Cotter,  of  whom  we  have  spoken 

*  Carrt^tohUi,  or  CarrigtfMU,  meaiiB  "  ft  CftTtd  rock,"  from  tarri^^  a  rock, 
&nd  toUUy  a  cave     The  limettone  rock  ftboonda  here. 


450  HISTOKT   OF   COBK. 

largely  in  this  history.  Sir  James  lived  at  Ballio- 
sperrig,  now  Annesgrove,  near  the  village.  There  is 
a  tradition  that  James  II.  lodged  here ;  and  the  tradi- 
tion gains  support  from  an  elegy  written  on  Sir  James 
Cottar's  death,  in  which  Ballinsperrig  is  oalled  ^'  Tk$ 
Palace  of  Jame^P  In  an  inventory  of  the  household 
furniture,  taken  at  Sir  James'  death,  is  ^^  a  velvet  bed. 
and  hanging,  with  gold  brocade,"  in  which  the  king* 
is  supposed  to  have  slept.  The  bed  was  afterwaids 
given,  or  sold,  to  Lord  Barrymore,  and  burned  at  the 
fire  of  Barry's  Court. 

Smith  dismisses  Barry's  Court  in  two  lines.  ^'  Haif- 
a-mile to  the  south  [of  CarrigtoMQ]  is  the  ruin  of 
the  castle  of  Barry's  Court,  which  gave  title  of  Banm 
to  the  Earls  of  Barrymore."  The  castle  is  a  noUe 
ruin — and  not  altogether  a  ruin — ^for  it  is  well  roofed 
in,  and  used  as  a  bam  and  granary.  It  is  a  quadran- 
gular structure,  of  the  14th  century,  about  70  feet 
high,  and  has  three  towers  communicating  at  eaoh 
storey  with  the  principal  apartments.  There  is  a  tra- 
dition, that  Barry's  Court  was  erected  on  a  more  anoient 
structure  belonging  to  the  Lyons  or  Lehanes  of  CSaatle- 
Lyons,  and  that  in  removing  the  rubbish  to  lay  tiie 
foundation  of  the  Norman  structure,  a  stone  was  found 
with  this  inscription,  "  0  Lehan  hoc  fecit  kohl" 
Doctor  O'Donovan  does  not  "  believe  a  word  about  the 
inscription." 

The  arches  of  the  old  castle  are  beautifully  tamed. 
The  marks  of  the  chisel  on  the  cut  stone  around  the 
doors  and  windows  are,  in  appearance,  quite  fredu 
It  is  said  that  Giraldus  Cambrensis  penned  a  portion 
of  his  account  of  the  Irish-Norman  conquest  in  thia 


babbt's  court.  451 

castle,  but  I  conclude  it  was  in  a  fonner  structure^ 
perhaps  on  this  site.  The  Norman  castles  of  Carri- 
galine  and  Ahamartha,  on  tl||  Carrigaline  river,  bear 
the  marks  of  far  greater  age.  Over  the  chimney- 
piece  of  the  apartment  above  the  chapel  (for  there  is  a 
dispel  in  the  castle  of  Barry's  Court)  are  inscribed — 

k^JkC^  1688,  I.H.8.  D.B.  ET.  E.B.  UE.  EI.E.B.   I.   PECFBVT. 

*^  David  Barry  and  Eliza  Boche  caused  me  to  be 
erected."     In  another  apartment  is  ^^  ▲.d.  1596." 

William  Coppinger,  Esquire,  is  now  the  proprietor 
of  Barry's  Court.  The  name  is  of  Danish  origin,  but 
Mr.  Coppinger  is  descended  on  the  female  side,  from 
the  Mao  Mahons  of  Clare,  where  his  principal  property 
lies.* 

Midleton  is  thirteen  miles  from  Cork.  It  is  so 
called  from  its  being  nearly  midway  between  Cork 
and  Youghal.  The  original  name,  as  we  have  already 
shewn,  (vol.  i.  p.  267,)  was  Chore  Abbey,  from  the 
Abbey  of  Mary  de  Chore,  established  by  Barry  Fitz- 
gerald. The  town  received  a  charter  of  incorporation 
from  Charles  II.,  dated  June  10,  1670,  which  granted 
to  Sir  John  Brodrick,  knt.,  that  his  estate  should  be 
constituted  of  the  manor  of  Midleton,  with  a  seneschal, 
or  court  baron,  and  a  court  of  record,  with  jurisdiction 
within  the  manor  to  the  amount  of  JC200,  and  that  the 

*  Mat  Mahont  of  Clarty  whert  his  primeipai  property  Ue$.  Mr.  Dftnitl  Owen 
If  Addyn  tells  the  following  story  respectioff  thif  propertj.  ^  The  Mae  Mahon 
estate,  in  the  county  Clare,  now  held  hy  Mr.  Coppinger,  of  Barry's  Court,  waa 
ooce  in  frreat  jeopardy,  as  the  Mac  Mahona  had  reaaon  to  fear  a  diseorerer.  A 
▼err  spiiited,  though  ancient  maiden,  a  Miai  Mao  Mahon,  reaoWed  to  eztricata 
her  family  b}  becoming  a  Protestant.  Before  doing  so,  she  coanilted  a  friar  opon 
the  propriety  of  her  intentions.  He  very  firankly  told  her,  that  if  for  the  sake  of 
lucre  she  would  change  her  creed,  she  would  imperil  ber  sooL  "  Here  goea, 
then."  she  cried,  *'  better  at  any  time  that  the  aoul  of  an  old  maid  ihoold  go  to 
the  deril,  than  that  the  property  of  the  Mac  Mahons  of  Clare  ahoold  go  to  the 
Protestants" 


452  HISTOEY   OF   eOBE. 

town^  with  the  oastlid  lands  of  Castle  Bedmond  and 
Cor- Abbey,  part  of  the  said  manor,  should  be  a  free 
borough  and  corporation,  under  the  designation  of  the 
^^  borough  and  town  of  Midleton."     It  returned  two 
members  to  the  Irish  parliament  previous  to  the  a49t  oi 
Independence,  and  one  from  that  to  the  XJnioni  idien 
it  was  disfii^nchised.     The  present  lord  of  the  manor  is 
Charles  Brodrick,*  Viscoimt  Midleton. 

The  town  is  described  by  Smith,  as  oonBisting  of 
^^  One  long  street,  ranging  from  the  north  to  the  south 
bridges."  Midleton  has  made  great  strides  during  the 
last  thirty  years.  The  Midleton  distillery,  the  pro- 
perty of  the  Messrs.  Murphy,  is  one  of  the  largest  in 
the  South  of  Ireland.  It  employs  about  150  penKms* 
The  weekly  arerage  wages  is  from  £90  to  JBIOO.. 

In  the  parish  of  Dungoumey,  to  the  north  eaat  of 
Midleton,  is  an  ancient  Irish  rath ;  and  on  a  rooky  near 
the  church,  the  remains  of  a  castle  of  the  BairySi  a 
collateral  branch  of  the  Barrymores,  which  collateral 
branch  possessed  the  Dungoumey  property,  fixmi  1816 
to  1700. 

Castlemartyr,  the  residence  of  the  Earl  of  Shannon, 
is  not  far  from  the  Mogeely  station.  It  was  formerly 
called  Ballymartyr.  Here,  before  the  English  oon- 
quest,  dwelt  Mac  Tire,  chieftain  of  the  anoient  sept  of 
XJi  Mocaille,  from  which  the  barony  of  Imokilly  gets 
its  name.      This  was  the  Mac  Tirid  who,  <<  stealing 

*  JBrodrick.—Sir  Alan  Brodrick,  knt.,  came  to  Ireland,  and  ■accetdad  Sir 
Adam  Loftas,  in  1660,  as  surveyor  and  estimator  of  Iriah  forfeitad  aitalei.  Bi 
ohtained  considerable  grants  of  land  in  Ireland.  Alan  Brodrickt  ta  cndMat 
lawyer,  chairman  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons,  Solicitor  and  Attomej^GcMnli 
and  Lord  Hi^h  Chancellor,  was  adyanced  to  the  peerage  of  Ireliuid,  in  ITlVf* 
Baion  Brodnck,  of  Midleton,  and  was  created  Visooont  Midleton  in  1717.  » 
present  and  sixth  Tisoount  succeeded  to  the  title  on  die  death  of  hk  oowiik  in 
1848. 


I 


CASTLEMARTYR  AND  KILLEAGH.  453 

suddenly  and   unawares,"  upon  Milo  de  Cogan  and 
young  Fitz-Stephen,  "treacherously  murdered  them, 
and  five  of  their  servants,"  at  Lismore,  to  which  he  * 
had  invited  them,  in  1185.  %ee  vol.  i.,  p.  25, 

Castlemartyr  afterwards  came  into  the  possession  of 
Fitzgerald,  who  inherited  from  his  kinsman,  Fitz- 
stephen.  It  subsequently  came  into  the  possession  of 
the  Cork  or  Boyle  family.  The  first  Earl  of  Orrery 
got  the  town  erected  into  a  borough  in  1663,  "with 
the  nomination  of  the  chief  magistrate,  recorder,  town 
clerk,  clerk  of  the  market,  and  other  proper  officers,  to 
the  earl  and  his  heirs  for  ever ; "  with  the  privilege  of 
Bending  two  members  to  parliament. 

Smith  says,  Castlemartyr  was  anciently  called  Lepetr^% 
town  J  from  a  leper-house  belonging  to  an  adjacent  place 
called  Ballyouteragh.*  Luckombe,  speaking  of  Midle- 
ton,  or  Chore  Abbey,  says,  "  Near  the  water  side  is  an 
ancient  building,  supposed  to  have  been  used  as  a  leper- 
house.'^  We  learn  from  Bishop  Dive  Downes,  that 
the  Cork  Blue-coat  school  stands  near  the  convent  and 
leper-house  of  St.  Stephen.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  a  disease  called  leprosy  prevailed  at  one  time 
throughout  this  county.  The  poet  Spenser,  comparing 
England  with  Ireland,  says : — 

**  No  waling  there,  no  wretchedness  is  heard. 
No  bloodie  issues,  nor  no  leprosies." 

The  pretty  town,  or  village,  of  Elilleagh  is  twenty 
miles  from  Cork.  The  name  is  thought  by  some  to 
mean  grey  church,  from  cill4iath^  but  Doctor  O'Donovan 

*  ^  Ballyouteraghy  which  was  a  Tillage  of  some  note.     There  is  a  tn  tf 

its  having  been  remarkable  for  a  copper  factory,  Ballyoutery  signifying  ^        u 
hraziers.     Yet  is  no  copper  ore  near  this  place,  but  iron  mines  almost  e        i 
round  iV—SmUKi  History  of  Obrkf  Tol.  i.,  p.  125. 


454  HISTORY  OP  cobk. 

tells  me  that   ^^  every  Killeagh  ^  in  Ireland  is  caiU- 
liath^  grey  wood."     He  has  ^^  no  reooUection  of  a  dll- 
'  liath,  grey  church  " 

The  town  consists  of  one  regular  street,  neatly  builb, 
containing  about  160  houses.     A  nunnery  is  said  t43 
have  been  founded  here,  in  the  7th  oenturyi  by  St^. 
Abban,  near  the  spot  where  the  parish  chureh  nov^ 
stands.     A  very  handsome  new  6atholio  ohapel  haA 
just  been  built  here.     There  is  a  railway  station  here. 
Near  the  town,  and  on  the  rising  ground,  aboye  the 
road  to  Youghal,   is  Drondihy  House  and  demesne, 
the  seat  of  Soger  Gh*een  Davis ;   here,  also,  is  Mount 
TJniacke,  the   residence    of   Norman    Uniaokei    and 
Aghadoe  House,  which  is  thus  described  by  a  writer, 
in  1836.     The  principal  seat  is  Aghadoe  Hoiisei  the 
residence  of  Sir  Arthur  de  Capell  f  Brooke^  baxonet^ 
not  more  remarkable  for  natural  beauties  than  for  its 
having  remained  in  the  same  family  more  than  600 
years,  while  nearly  all  the  other  estates  in  the  South  of 
Ireland  have  been  confiscated.     It  was  granted|  in 
1172,  to  Philip  de  Capell,  lineal  ancestor  of  the  pre* 
sent  baronet,  and  id  called  by  the  peasantry   ^'the 
maiden  estate,"   to  distinguish  it  from  the  numerous 
forfeited  properties  in  its  vicinity. 

Smith  speaks  of  ^^  Aghada,  the  house  and  plantations 
of  Richard  Supple."  Richard  Brooke  Supple,  F«B.8.| 
assumed  the  sign  manual,  and  the  original  surname  of 

«  Every  Killeagh.— There  is  a  Killeaffh  in  the  King's  Oonntj,  in  the  Comlr 
Clare,  in  the  Counties  Antrim,  London(&rry,  Donegi^  Tippenuji  Watwford^ 
and  Cork. 

fSir  Arthur  de  Capell  Brooke.  Philip  de  Capell  came  OT«r  with  Fiti- 
Stephen,  who  made  him  a  grant  of  the  A^iadoe  estate.  It  if  ftUl  held  bj  tha 
original  tenure  of  knights'  service,  the  annnal  presentation  of  aptir  <tf  apnnat 
Easter.    Cable  or  Capell  island,  near  Toughal,  maj  hare  been  UMlvdMiatht 

grant.     Hence  the  name. 


[ 


KILLEAGH  TO  YOUGHAL.  455 

his  family,  in  1797,  more  than  50  years  after  Smith 
wrote  his  history.  Sir  Bernard  Burke,  in  his  Peerage, 
speaks  of  an  old  MS.  in  the  British  Museum,  whioh' 
gives  a  list  of  English  families  that  came  to  Ireland  in 
the  time  of  Henry  II.,  Eichard  I.,  and  John,  in  which 
are  found  that  of  "  James  Cappell,  otherwise  Capell, 
otherwise  Supple,  Baron,"  Bichard  Supple  married 
Mary  Brooke,  and  succeeded  to  the  estates  of  Great 
Oakley,  and  took  the  name  of  Brooke. 

From  Toughal  to  Cork  is  twenty-seven  miles  hy 
rail,  and  from  Killeagh  to  Youghal,  seven  miles.  The 
railway  runs  near  the  shore.  Nearly  the  whole  of  this 
coast  was  at  one  time  covered  with  timher,  which  has 
left  the  usual  deposit  of  peat,  or  turf.  Youghal,  or 
Eo-coill,  signifies  a  "  yew  wood."  The  following  heau- 
tiful  passage,  from  Mr.  Hayman's  Annals  of  Youghal — 
a  work  to  which  we  must  refer  the  reader  for  a  correct 
and  circumstantial  history  of  this  old  and  interesting 
town — is  as  true  as  it  is  poetical: — "The  opening 
scene  of  human  colonization  is,  generally,  beside  a 
river's  mouth.  On  the  shore,  the  wigwam  of  the  savage 
first  sends  up  its  wreathing  volumes  of  smoke;  and 
by-and-by  the  settlement  is  formed,  and  some  chief 
chosen  to  give  laws  to  the  community.  The  estuary 
of  the  Blackwater  in  Munster  must  have  attracted  the 
attention  of  settlers  from  the  remotest  times.  The 
aborigines,  who  shunned  the  toil  of  cultivating  the 
earth,  would  find  strong  inducement  to  tarry  on  a  spot 
where,  by  launching  a  canoe,  their  animal  cravings 
would  be  immediately  satisfied  with  the  abimdant  sup- 
plies of  both  river  and  sea." 

Youghal  is  a  borough  town,  and  before  the  act 


456  HISTORY   OP   CORK, 

Independence,  returned  two  members  to  the  Iriish  par^ 
liament.  Its  first  foundation  is  of  remote  antiquity. 
It  received  from  King  John  a  charter  of  incorporation, 
as  early  as  1209,  which  is  still  preserved  among  the 
archives  of  Lismore  Castle,  the  property  of  the  Duke 
of  Devonshire. 

The  charter  of  the  49  Edward  III.  directs  that  the 
dues  hitherto  paid  at  Cork  for  certain  staple  articles, 
shall  be  henceforth  paid  in  the  port  of  YoughaL  The 
following  petition  from  Cole's  Exchequer  Documents, 
illustrative  of  English  history,  proves  there  was  a 
receiver  of  customs  in  the  port  of  Youghal,  as  early  as 
the  18  Edward  I.  :— 

**  Petition  of  William  |  To  the  noble  King  of  Englana  and  to  bit 
DK  Berkamstbdb.    |  Council,  William  de  Berkamstede  Aew^ 

eth,  that  he  has  been  in  the  kingfi  kt* 
vice  in  Ireland  at  lokel,  [Youghal]  to  keep  the  new  eiiitoiii«  IS 
years,  by  the  order  of  the  Justiciary  and  of  the  TVeasurer*  and  itSl 
is  there,  and  has  had  nothing  for  his  services  nor  for  hia  work  &r 
all  that  time,  by  great  labour,  and  a  great  part  thereof  haa  beeft  faj 
reason  of  the  keeping  of  this  custom,  because  he  Uvea  at  all  timns 
in  the  said  town,  to  deliyer  the  merchants  who  cannot  be  ddajed. 
And  a  companion,  who  is  joined  with  him  to  keep  the  cnatCHii,  who 
has  the  half  of  the  king's  seal  to  keep  as  a  check  upon  him,  and  the 
half  of  the  indented  roll,  is  paid  for  all  his  time  and  lor  all  bia 
service,  aad  aUowanee  mode  at  the  exchequer  of  Divelyn  [Dabtm.] 
Of  this  the  said  William  prays  the  king's  gp:ace,  that  hia  aearrioe  finr 
all  the  said  time  be  aUowed  to  him,  for  the  soul  of  King  Heniy^ 
The  king  directs  that  a  writ  be  sued  to  the  justice,  that  bis  reaaon- 
able  service  be  paid  to  him  by  those  who  put  him  into  offioOt  and 
who  ought  to  pay  his  demand/' 

The  Bar  rock  renders  the  approach  to  the  harbonr 
of  Youghal  dangerous  during  the  prevalence  of  east, 
south-east,  or  southerly  gales.     The  mariner  muet  alao 


HABBOUE  OP  YOUGHAL.  457 

II. 

\- 

^  keep  a  sharp  look  out  for  the  Black*rooks,  which  do 
not  show  till  half-ebb.  If  a  vessel  must  be  '^  beached  " 
I  in  Youghal  bay,  the  flat  strand  to  the  north-west  is 
i    the  best  ground  for  her. 

I        The  »a  i.  u^f  g^at  tooads  .■>  «,,  land  .long 
f    this  shore.     The  flat  strand  was  once  a  race-course. 
,    Immediately  beneath  the  sand   is    a  layer  of  deep 
peat,   from  which  bogwood  is  often   raised.      This 
IB  a  splendid  shore  for  sea-bathing,  and  the  facilities  of 
travelling  between  Cork  and  Youghal,  afforded  by 
the  new  railway,  is  likely  to  increase  the  number  of 
visitors  and  residents,  and  the  value  of  building  pro- 
perty, as  is  the  case  at  Queenstown.     About  a  mile  and 
a-half  north-east  of  the  town  is  a  timber  bridge^ 
erected  by  Qeorge  Nimmo,  in  18S0,  which  unites 
i    Youghal  and  the  county  of  Cork  with  the  county  of 
.    limerick.    This  bridge  is  constructed  of  Memel  fir.    It 
\    is  1,787  feet  long,  and  22  feet  broad.    It  cost  £22,000, 
I    besides  £8,509,  paid  to  the  corporation  for  the  ferry.* 
''    The  government  advanced  £10,000  as  a  loan.     Now 
I    that  the  new  railroad  to  Cork  is  open,  a  steam  ferry  will 
be  necessary  to  ply  between  the  opposite  shores.    Mr. 
Lewis  has  placed  a  steam-boat  on  the  river,  which  runs 
up  to  Cappoquin. 

The  population  of  the  town,  at  the  present  time,  is 
about  9,000.  It  was  formerly  more  than  this.  The 
woollen  trade  was  carried  on  here  extensively  ;  there 
was  also  a  porcelain  and  fine  delf  manufactory,  but  these 
trades  belong  to  the  history  of  the  past. 

The  most  interesting  object  in  the  town  is  the  old 

•  Rny. — **  Holljrood  day  the  ferry-boat  of  Touffhal  was  cast  away,  and  about 
thirty  persons  drowned."— i;on^  O^rJI^s  Diturpf  Sept  14,  1616. 

VOL.  II.  30 


458  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

house  of  Sir  Walter  Baleigh,  where  he  is  said  to  have 
resided  in  1588  and  1589  ;  ^  where  he  entertained  his 
friend,  the  poet  Spenser,  ere  they  emharked  for  Eng- 
land, to  superintend  the  publication  of  the  first  three 
books  of  the  ^^  Faerie  Queene."  The  house  is  in  the  old 
English  style,  with  high  pointed  gables.  It  is  pre- 
served in  excellent  order  by  the  present  proprietor,  Mr. 
Fim.  The  old  pannelling  looks  bright  and  polished. 
The  house  is  called  Myrtle  GFrove,  for  this  tree,  as  well 
as  the  bay  and  arbutus,  grow  luxuriantly  in  the  grounds 
or  garden,  where  tradition  says  Sir  Walter  Baleigih 
planted  the  first  potatoest  imported  into  Europe. 

One  of  the  bay  windows  of  Myrtle  Grovei  or  Sir 
Walter  Baleigh's  house,  overhangs  the  grounds  ci  St 
Mary's  Church  of  Toughal,  which,  in  an  aiehiteotmal 
point  of  view,  is  one  of  the  finest,  and  in  a  historioal 
point  of  view,  the  most  interesting  of  all  our  old  eode- 
siastical  structures.  The  building  is  GnLcifinm,  oon- 
sisting  of  a  nave,  with  aisles,  north  and  south  tcanseptSi 
and  a  choir  or  chancel.  In  the  angle  of  the  nave  and 
north  transept  stands  a  massive  square  tower,  about 
fifty  feet  high.  The  main  body  of  the  church,  tzan- 
septs  and  tower,  are  in  the  early  English  stylsi  which 
prevailed  throughout  the  thirteenth  century.  This 
noble  edifice  was  rebuilt  by  Thomas  Fitzgerald,  eighth 
Earl  of  Desmond,  A.D.  1464,  who,  with  his  wife,  Hia 
countess,  were  buried  here.  This  lady  is  often  0(m« 
founded  with  ^Hhe  old  countess,"  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Maol,  12  th  earl,  whose  epitaph  reads  thus : — 

*  Retided  in  1588  and  1589,  during  which  yean,  as  we  find  from  Uie  reoovii  of 

the  oorporatian,  Sir  Walter  Ealeigh  was  major  of  Yooghal. 

t  FUmted  the  Jirnt  potaioet. — As  this  honor  has  been  claimed  te  ground  in 
another  part  of  the  town,  I  shall  lea^e  it  an  open  qneation. 


ST.  mart's,  youghal.  459 

SHAKID-A-BOO  ! 

THOMAS    FITZGBRALDy 

EIGHTH    EABL    OP    BESMOKD, 

BE-EDIFIEI)  THIS  GHTJBOH, 

A.D.    1464. 

There  was  a  religious  foundation  here  from  a  very 
early  period.  Almost  all  the  massive  pillars,  which 
form  the  numerous  lofty  arches  of  the  church,  are 
based  on  stone  coffin  lids,  of  the  eighth  and  ninth 
centuries. 

The  most  beautiful  portion  of  the  building  is  the 
choir,  which  is  in  the  decorated  English  style,  and 
contains  an  east  window,  that,  in  Ireland,  at  least, 
has  not  its  equal  in  size,  beauty  of  form,  and  tracery, 
or  for  the  richness  of  its  stained  glass.  We  saw  this 
church  some  years  ago,  when  the  choir  was  nothing 
more  than  a  roofless  ruin.  The  stone  muUions  of 
some  of  the  windows  had  given  way,  and  fallen  to  the 
ground.  The  nave,  too,  had  been  sadly  disfigured  by 
depraved  taste.  Its  roof,  of  massive  dark  Irish  oak — 
an  object  in  itself  well  worth  going  some  distance  to 
see — ^was  hidden,  and  covered  over,  by  a  modem  lath 
and  plaster  ceiling.  The  side  arches  were  crammed 
with  galleries,  and  its  great-western  window  concealed 
by  a  hideous  old  organ.  Square  timber  sashes  replaced 
the  gothic  windows,  with  stone  mullions  and  pointed 
tops,  which  once  adorned  the  side  walls  of  the  aisles. 
The  lofty  and  graceful  gothic  windows  of  the  north 
transept  were  almost  entirely  built  up  with  stones  and 
mortar.  Here  "  one  of  the  most  ancient  Norman  tombs 
in  Ireland  was  concealed  by  a  bulk,  thrown  up  by  an 
alderman,"  which  he  intended  for  a  monument. 


460  UISTORY   OP   CORK. 

The  restoration  of  this  beautiful  churoh,  called  by 
the  first  Earl  of  Cork  ^^  one  of  the  fayrest  churches  in 
Ireland/'  is  owing  to  the  untiring  exertions,  and,  we 
may  add,  in  many  instances,  to  the  individual  liberality 
of  the  Bector,  the  Eev.  P.  W.  Drew,  of  Youghal,  who 
has  fairly  earned  the  title  of  ^^  Insiauhaiob  BriNiB.'' 
In  the  south  transept  we  have  the  monument  of  the 
Earl  of  Cork,  with  figures  of  himself,  his  two  wives, 
and  the  various  members  of  his  family,  the  taste  of 
which  we  do  not  admire,  but  the  taste  is  his  lordship's 
and  not  the  rector's.  His  lordship's  worldly-minded- 
ness,  and  master-passion  for  the  grandeur  of  thia  world, 
was  strong  in  death,  and  has  produced  a  monater  monu- 
ment. But  its  monstrosities  render  it  an  object  of  the 
greater  interest ;  we,  therefore,  give  Mr.  Drew  eredit 
for  preserving  the  original  likeness. 

St.  Mary's,  of  Youghal,  contains  the  monuments  of 
Lord  Broghill,  the  Earl  of  Cork's  ablest  son,  —  the 
first  earl  begat  a  son  in  his  own  likeness  —  of  Thomas 
Fleming,  Lord  of  Slane ;   and  of  Sir  Edward  Yilliais : 


HERE   LIES  THE   BODY  OE   SIR  EDWARD  VILL 
WHO  DIED   LORD   PRESIDENT  OF  MW8IEB, 
ANNO   DOMINI   16[26]. 

<<  Munstor  may  curse  The  time  that  VQlen  ouii6| 

To  make  us  worse  By  LeaTeinge  Such  a  nuu ; 

Of  noble  parts,  As  none  can  Imitate 

But  those  whose  harts  Are  married  to  the  Statt ; 

But  if  they  presse  To  imitate  his  fune, 

llunster  may  blesse  The  time  that  ViUen  oam*.'* 

Here  is  the  monument  of  the  Smiths,  of  Balliaatisy. 
A  daughter  of  this  house,  Penelope,  married,  in  1886^ 
His  Boyal  Highness,  the  Frinee  of  Capua,  brother  of 
Ferdinand,  the  late  King  of  Naples.     Here  are  the 


a     • 


CX)LLEQE  OF  TOUGHAL.  461 

monuments  of  the  Meades,  the  Bennetts^  and  the 
Haymans.  Here  are  also  two  monuments  belonging 
to  the  Drew  family,*  who  claim  descent  from  William, 
second  son  of  Bichard,  fourth  Duke  of  Normandy. 

The  churchyard  is  an  interesting  spot,  and  contains 
some  noble  trees  and  old  grey  tombstones.  One  of 
the  oldest  stones  bears  this  inscription : — 

"  HERE  LTETH  THE  BODIES  OF  MT  TWO  GBAKBMOTHBRS^ 

HAIDIN  KAMS,   fOX  AJfTD  0HX7B.'' 

Springing  from  the  western  wall  of  the  churchyard 
is  a  round  tower,  and  six  old  pieces  of  cannon,  with 
this  inscription : — "  This  tower  was  erected,  and  th^se 
guns  placed  here,  by  the  Eev.  P.  W.  Drew*  They 
defended  the  town  in  ancient  time  :^-^ 

*'  Just  hear  ^hat  the  old  fetlowi  saj, 
When  Frenchmen  landed  at  Monastraj, 
Om  of  us  made  them  scamper  awaj." 

The  college  of  Toughal,  as  we  have  stated,  in  vol.  i., 
p.  80,  was  founded  by  Thomas  of  Drogheda,  eighth  Earl 
of  Desmond.  There  is  scarcely  a  vestige  of  the  old 
house  in  existence.  The  present  college,  a  good  sub- 
stantial square  building,  was  erected  by  Mr.  Qiles,  in 
1782.  The  religious  school,  or  fraternity,  first  estab- 
lished on  the  site,  consisted  of  a  warden,  eight  fellows 
and  eight  singing  men,  who  lived  in  a  college  manner, 
at  a  table,  on  an  income  of  £600  per  annum-^a  tre- 
mendous sum  in  those  days.  We  have  already 
explained  (in  vol.  ii.,  chap.  2)  how  Sir  Walter  Baleigh 
got  this  property,  and  how  he  lost,  or  sold  it,  and  how 

•  Drew  family.  William,  second  son  of  Bichard,  fourth  Dnke  of  Normandy, 
eamc  to  England  with  his  nephew,  William  Uie  Conqueror.  He  had  three  sona, 
Walter,  Drew,  and  Richard.  Drew,  the  second  son,  is  the  ancestor  of  the  Drews 
of  MocoUop  Castle,  County  Waterford.  -Burkis  Tterag$. 


462  HI8T0BT  OF   COEK. 

it  passed  to  the  Earl  of  Cork,  and  how  he  lost  it,  and 
was  fined  £15,000  by  Lord  Wentworth — afterwards 
Earl  of  Strafford  —  and  how  he  got  it  again^  after 
Strafford's  death. 

The  Earl  of  Cork  resided  in  this  eoUege  for  many 
years.  We  conclude,  from  his  diary,  that  he  was  a 
very  good  family  man,  and  looked  closely  after  his 
domestic  expenditure : 

'*  Jan.  21, 1613.  Paid  for  my  blue  bed  and  my  Turkey  table,  £6; 
and  for  my  gilt  and  green  bedstead,  with  the  frames  of  the  ohair 
and  two  stools,  £4 ;  and  for  five  yards  of  damask  to  make  op  the 
chair  and  stools,  50s. ;  and  to  the  upholsterer  for  ailk  fringe,  and 
making  up  the  chairs  and  stools,  and  the  round  eushion  of  ^**riT^, 
£8. 

'*  Aug,  31,  1616.  My  brother,  Smith,*  had  of  me  aU^yarda  of 
black  satin,  for  which  he  is  to  pay,  as  it  cost  me  IDs  a-jazd. 

''  Sept.  9,  1616.  I  received  dOs.  in  money,  and  a  hackney  in  Hsa 
of  the  other  508.,  by  Morgan  Brien,  in  discharge  of  lOOa.  lire. 
Roch  of  Ballnedoghie  did  owe  me. 

<'  Sept.  10,  1616.  I  gave  my  Lady  O'Brien  as  mooh  ™*«i|;lii^ 
f3me  £Pryze  as  will  make  her  a  gown  at  her  departure  ttom  me. 

*'  Nov.  30,  1616.  John  Nagle,  of  Ballinamona,t  [with  whom  he 
had  some  dealing],  sent  me  ffireze  for  a  jerkin  and  breeohea  tat  mj 
sons'  wearing. 

*'  Dec.  7,  1616.  I  have  agreed  with  Spooner,  the  pleaterar,  to 
work  at  Lismore,  for  thirteen  weeks,  himself  and  his  boy,  for  £4  48. 
sterling,  and  I  to  lend  them  a  troxise  when  they  begin  their  wodk 
after  Christmas,  and  they  to  find  themselves ;  and  if  he  or  hie  boj 
absent  themselves,  or  neglect  their  work  on  working  daya,  throvi^ 
their  own  default,  then  he  is  to  lose  his  quarter's  wages." 

Lord  Cork  bought  and  sold  public  offices.  He 
bought  the  office  of  Town  Clerk  of  Youghal  for  his 

•  Brother  Smiih,  of  Ballinatraj,  who  was  nurried  to  the  earPs  fislw, 

t  BaUmamona.  "  I  ha^e  promised  a  lease  of  the  tw9  plooghlandi  of  Ballyas- 
mona,  porcuU  of  Ardmoor,  to  Matthew  Horo  and  John  Naffle,  for  £80  stanlw 
a*ycar." — Lord  Cork*  a  Diary ^  Jpril  18,  1616.  Mourne  Abbey  beloogsd  to  tht 
Kulghts  Templars  of  Jerusalem.  It  now  belongs  to  Lient.-Otdonol  Kovth  liOdlsv 
Ikamish,  to  whom  it  gives  the  title  of  Matter  of  Mntrm. 


FIRST  EA&L  OF   COBK.  463 

servant,  Thomas  Quintyn,  and  the  Seareher's  office  of 
Youghal  for  his  servant,  Thomas  Jazie.  ^^  Paid  Mr. 
David  Condon  to  the  use  of  Mr.  Patrick  Fox,  for  the 
remayn  of  the  purchase  of  the  Searcher'is  office  of 
Youghall,  which  I  bestowed  on  my  servant,  Thomas 
Jazie,  £6  sterling."  He  even  sold  his  office  g£  Clerk 
of  the  Council  of  Munster,  which  he  got  from  his  old 
fiiend,  Sir  Gteorge  Carew. 

''Sept.  29th,  1612.  Mr.  Randall  Clayton  owes  me  £80,  as  the 
remain  of  the  £200  for  whioh  I  surrendered  to  him  my  office  of  the 
Clerk  of  the  Council  in  Munster." 

For  a  correct  account  of  the  nunnery  chapel  of  St. 
Anne,  foundedr  1190,  on  the  west  side  of  the  harbour ; 
the  Franciscan  friary,  founded  in  1224,  by  Maurice 
Fitzgei^d,  on  the  side  of  a  lull  to  the  south  of  the 
town,  and  the  Dominican  friary,  commonly  called  the 
North  Abbey,  founded  in  1268,  by  Thomas  Fitzmaurice, 
we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  Hayman^s  work. 

The  scenery  of  the  river  Blackwater,  from  Youghal 
to  Lismore,  is  only  surpassed  by  that  of  the  river  Lee, 
from  Monkstown  to  Cork.  We  first  see  it  sporting 
like  a  wild  maiden  among  the  mountains  and  glens  of 
Kerry  ;  it  takes  the  sombre  or  dark  tinge,  from  which 
it  derivesjits'^name,  as  it  passes  through  the  bogs  of 
Duhallow ;  from  the  bridge  of  Mallow  we  discover  the 
first  decided  propensity  to  array  itself  in  its  rich  foliage, 
which  it  continues  to  cultivate,  till  it  glides  from  our 
view  into  the  county  of  Waterford,  with  all  its  charms 
matured.  But  as  if  the  river  felt  that  the  county  Cork 
had  the  best  claim  on  its  gratitude,  it  approaches  and 
kisses  our^shores,  before  it  throws  itself  into  the  sea  at 
Youghal. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

F IBMOY — OI.8TX1S-HT  DX — X  lLWOBTH-*-«IJLK  WO&TK— ^mrOHBU- 
TO WK — BALLY  HOOLY — COB  YAJfOBB — BBIDOBTOWB  ABBST-^ 
CABBIG AOUKBl.  CA8TLB  —  KILLAYXTLLXB  —  XALLOW  —  IMBB. 
BAILS— ^BUTTBYANT — LISGABBOL CHABLBYILLB. 

Fermot  lies  on  the  banks  of  the  Blaokwater,  nearly 
equi-distant  from  Cork  and  Mallow.  An  abbey  of 
Cistercian  monks  was  founded  here  in  1270,  by  Sir 
Bichard  de  Bnpella,  who  was  Lord  Jnstioe  of  Irelaiid 
in  1261.  The  barony  of  Clongibbon,  in  whioh  ilie 
monastery  is  situated,  is  part  of  the  anoient  tenitoiy 
of  Feara  Maighe-Feine,  of  which  the  O'Keeflfos  were 
chieftains  or  kings.  Donogh  Mao  Keeffe,  King  of 
Fermoy,  commanded  the  Irish  in  an  eiqpedition  agamst 
the  Danes,  in  954.  Keating  says,  this  distxietwaB 
bestowed  by  a  king  of  Munster  on  an  eminent  JhuiA, 
who  aided  his  Munster  majesty  in  the  day  of  batUei  by 
causing  the  sun  to  stand  still  for  an  hour  or  00,  to 
enable  him  to  polish  off  his  enemies.  The  Draid 
caught  the  idea  from  Joshua,  chapter  x.^  T.  12, 

Fleming  was  the  first  Norman  knight  who  gained 
possession  of  these  parts.  Fleming  had  a  &ir  daughter, 
named  Amy,  whose  heart  and  hand  were  won  by  young 
Adam  de  Bupe,  who  entered  the  lists,  as  Fleming'i 
champion,  against  Condon,*  whom  he  slew  by  a 


*  Cbtufofi.— The  Condons  or  Cantons  were  a  Nonian  famfly,  and  luid  tmOm 
and  large  possessions  in  the  county  to  a  late  period.  The  town  and  pnidi  of 
Fermoy  is  not  in  the  barony  of  Fermoy,  but  in  the  barony  of  Gondona  awl  ^  ~~ 
gibbons. 


ADAK  DB  KUPE.  465 

shot  in  the  thigh.    With  Amy  oame  the  inheritatioe 
known  evet  after  as  ^^  Boohe's  oonntry.'' 

Adam  de  Rnpe  is  mentioned  by  chroniclers  as  a  man 
of  '^  great  possessions  and  power/'  in  Pembrokeshire, 
who  foonded  Pill  Priory,  the  church  of  St.  Mary  Boche^ 
and  bnilt  Boohe  castle,  on  a  barren  rock,^  fSrom  which 
the  surname  is  derived. 

Edmund  Burke  Boche,  Baron  of  Fermoy^  is  de*" 
scended  from  Edmund,  the  third  son  of  Dayid^  Lord 
Boche,  and  Yiscount  Fermoy.  A  Son  of  this  Edmund 
— ^Maurice  Fitz-Edmund  Burke — received,  when  mayor 
of  Cork,  in  1671,  an  autograph  letter  from  Queen 
Elizabeth,  with  a  patent  and  collar  of  SS,  in  acknow-^ 
ledgment  of  his  services  in  suppressing  the  rebellion  of 
the  Earl  of  Desmond. 

I  have  explained,  in  a  note  on  the  second  page  of 
this  volume,  that  Henry  IT.  of  England,  was  the  first 
that  gave  the  little  flower,  called  "  forget-me-not,"  its 
poetic  meaning,  by  uniting  it  on  his  collar  of  8S,  with 
his  watchword  "  Souv^igne  vovs  de  moyy 

Sir  Anthony  Woodville  (the  brother  of  Elizabeth 
Woodville,  who  was  married  to  Edward  IV.)  mentions 
the  following  incident :  "  Truth  it  is,  that  the  Wed- 
nesday  before  Easter-day  (1466),  I  drew  near  toward 
the  Queen  of  England  and  of  France,  my  sove- 
reign lady,  to  whom  I  am  right  humble  servant, 
subject,  and  brother ;  and  as  I  spoke  to  her  highness 
on  my  knees,  my  bonnet  off  my  head,  according  to  my 

*  Om  a  harrm  rock. — It  had  been  foretold  that  Adam  de  Bupe  aihoiild  die  of 
the  bite  of  a  viper.  Ho  therefore  erected  his  castle  on  a  barren  rock,  at  a  distance 
from  any  vegetation  that  might  be  likely  to  harbour  such  an  animal,  but  one  wif 
introduced  in  a  faggot  of  wood,  which  fiilfilled  the  prophecy,  and  old  Adam's 
dc^riny. 


466  HI8T0BY  OF  OORK. 

duty,  I  know  not  how  it  happened,  but  all  the  ladiea 
of  her  court  environed  me  about,  and  anon  I  took  heed 
that  they  had  tied  about  my  left  knee,  a  band  of  gold, 
garnished  with  precious  stones,  whioh  formed  a  letter. 
It  was  a  collar  of  SS,  meaning  atmpemmee^  m  ramjBD^ 
brance,  which,  when  I  perceived,  truth  to  say,  it  came 
nigher  to  my  heart  than  to  my  knee;  and  to  thb 
collar  was  hanging  a  noble  flower  of  souyenanoe  (a 
forget-me-not)  enamelled,  and  in  manner  of  emfttise." 

The  present  neat  town  of  Fermoy  was  almost  created 
by  the  late  John  Anderson,  &ther  of  the  late  Sir  James 
Anderson.  It  was  he  who  built  the  bridge,  the  prin^ 
cipal  hotel,  and  a  number  of  the  houses,  and  made  the 
goyemment  a  free  grant  of  forty  acres  of  land  ftr  the 
barracks  of  Fermoy  and  Buttevant.  It  was  he  whe 
ran  the  first  mail  coach  between  Cork  and  BoUini 
which  passed  through  Fermoy.  The  present  popula- 
tion of  the  town  is  oyer  6000.  Fermoy,  which  is  defla 
and  regularly  built,  is  situated  on  the  Blaokwaier. 
TSeax  the  bridge  stands  the  former  residence  of  Joha 
Anderson,  and  about  three  miles  higher  up,  on  the 
river,  the  beautiful  demesne  and  mansion  of  CaeUe- 
Hyde.  Arthur  Hyde  was  one  of  the  original  Under- 
takers, who  got  6000  acres  of  the  Earl  of  Desmond's 
forfeited  estates  in  1689,  at  a  rent  of  a  penny  an  aorei 
— See  vol  i.jp.  273.  The  Castle-Hyde  property  hat 
been  lately  sold  in  the  Encumbered  Estates  Court. 

Kilworth,  a  market  and  post  town,  lies  about  torn 
miles  to  the  north  of  Fermoy,  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Funcheon,  and  consists  of  one  long  irregular  streeti 
with  some  good  houses.  This  neighbourhood  was  the 
scene  of  some  battles  in  the  time  of  the  ciyil  war.     The 


MOOBES  OF  MOOBB  PARK.  467 

;  castle  of  Cloghlea,  built  by  the  Condons,  was  taken 

^  and  retaken  more  than  once.    Moore  Park,  the  seat  of 

\  the  Earl  of  Mountcashel,  is  situated  on  the  right  bank 

^  4>f  the  Funcheon.  The  demense,  which  is  richly  wooded, 

I*  contains  about  800  acres.    The  Moores  are  of  Norman 

^  descent    Thomas  de  Moore  accompanied  WiUiam  the 

I    Conqueror  into  England,  and  fought  at  the  battle  of 

Hastings.    His  descendant,  Bichard  Moore,  came  to 

Ireland  in  the  reign  of  James  L,  whose  son,  Stephen 

Moore,  purchased  the  estate  of  Salworth,  in  this  county. 

He  was  personally  known  to  William  III.,  to  whom 

he  lent  £3,000,  which  the  king  repaid  by  appointing 

him  the  governor  of  the  county  Tipperary,  and  colonel 

of  its  militia.    His  grandson,  Stephen,  was  raised  to 

ibe  peerage  of  Ireland,  July  14th,  1764,  as  Baron 

Salworth,  and  created  Viscount  Mountcashel,  of  the 

city  of  Cashel,  January  22nd,  1766.    He  was  succeeded 

by  his  second  son,  Stephen,  who  was  created  Earl  of 

Mountcashel,*  the  5th  of  January,  1781. 

The  village  of  Glanworth,  to  the  west  of  Kilworth, 
and  five  miles  south  west  of  Mitchelstown,  is  also 
on  the  Funcheon.  The  district  was  anciently  called 
Glanore,  or  Glen-Oir,  "  the  Golden  Glen,^'  from  its 
great  fertility.  On  a  rock,  above  the  Funcheon,  are 
the  ruins  of  Glanworth  Castle,  which  was  occupied  as 
late  as  1601,  by  a  Lord  Fennoy.  The  ruins  consist  of 
a  square  tower  or  keep,  connected  with  which  was  a 
more  modem  building,  of  superior  construction,  con- 
taining the  state  apartments,  within  a  quadrilateral, 
enclosed  by  strong  walls,  defended  at  each  angle  by 

*  Earl  of  Mountcashel. — He  was  born  the  20ih  of  August,  1792^  and  succeeded 
to  the  title  of  third  earl  in  October,  1822.  His  eldest  son,  Stephen,  Lord  Kilworth, 
was  bom  11th  of  March,  1825. 


468  HisiOBY  or  cork. 

a  round  tower.  In  this  locality  are  the  rninfl  of  an 
abbey,  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Boehea  in 
1227.  Between  Olanworth  and  Fermoy  is  a  laige 
cromleob,  tbe  top,  or  altar^stonC)  of  wbidi  ii  17  Ifeet 
long  by  8  feet  wide. 

Mitchelstown  is  a  market  and  post  town,  in  the  perish 
of  Brigown,*  and  barony  of  Condons  and  Clangibbona, 
the  country  of  the  White  Knights.  Fitzgibbon,  the 
White  Enight,  who  betrayed  the  last  Earl  of  Desmond,. 
died  without  male  issue.  His  daughter,  M ai^garet,  the 
heiress  to  his  estates,  married  William  Fenton,  eon  of 
Sir  Geofirey  Fenton,  Secretary  of  State  for  Irdand, 
and  brother-in-law  to  the  first  Earl  of  Cork,  who  makcs^ 
the  following  entry  of  the  marriage  in  his  diaxy  :— 

"  Dec.  29,  1614.— My  brotlier-[m-Iaw,]  WOHam  Ftstoa, 
married,  in  mj  house  of  Yonghal,  by  Mr.  SnetweU,  the 
to  Margaret  Neen  Morrish   Gibbon,  heir-general  t6  the  White 
Knight,  which  young  couple  I  beseech  God  to  bless  and  praapsr." 

Their  daughter,  Catherine,  was  married  to  8ir  John 
King,  the  ancestor  and  head  of  the  Kingston  hASj^ 
who  was  elevated  to  the  peerage  by  Charles  IL,  in 
1660,  for  his  zeal  in  restoring  the  monarchy.  H^  had 
previously,  like  Lord  Broghill  and  many  othef8|  been 
an  active  and  zealous  Cromwellian.  The  preeent  and 
fourth  Earl,  Bobert  Henry,  succeeded  his  &ther  in 
1839.  His  elder  brother,  Edward,  Yisconnt  Songs- 
borough,  died  unmarried,  before  his  father,  in  1887. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  very  learned  work  on  the 
Antiquities  of  Mexico. 

The  Kingston  property  was  originally  worth  £40)^000 


*  Briffoum.    The  parish  may  haro  derived  its  ancient  ntme  from  the  ......... 

stream  or  river  Bregog,  of  which  Spenser  speaks  in  his  Colin  Qoit— At  JHUkft 

of  Cork,  vol.  i.,  pp.  291-299 


KINGS   OP   MITCHELSTOWN.  469 

a-year,  subject  to  a  debt  of  £260,000^  which  was  in- 
creased by  George,  third  Earl,  late  Lord  Kingston,  to 
^400,000,  incurred  on  elections,  and  the  building  of  a 
beautiful  castle,  one  of  the  finest  in  Ireland.    The  pre. 
Mnt  nobleman  added  £100,000  to  the  debt,  bringing 
it  up  to  about  half-a-million.     The  Tipperary  portion 
\  <rf  the  property,  worth  £16,000  a-year,  was  sold  in 
tlie  Incumbered   Estates'   Court,   and   the   proceeds 
applied  to  the  lessening  of  the  debt,  which  is  now 
I  ^educed  to  £120,000.     The  present  earl,  who  is  un- 
\_  married,  has  only  a  life  interest  in  the  property,  which 
'  ifl  strictly  settled,  and  goes  to  his  brother,  tlxe  Hon. 
James  King,  heir-atrlaw. 

Smith,  writing  in  1749,  says,  ^^  JVlitchelstown  is  the 
principal  place  in  this  barony*''  He  speaks  of  ^^  the 
fine  house  and  park,*  and  improvements,  and  the  gar- 
dens kept  in  fine  order.''  The  gardens  of  Mitchelstown 
Oastle  were,  till  within  the  last  few  years,  the  finest  in 
the  county.  A  number  of  very  exoellent  alms'  houses, 
called  ^'the  college"  and  a  minister's  house,  have  been 
erected  on  this  property,  to  which  an  endowment  of 
£1,200  a-year  is  attached.  Smith  describes  the  church, 
in  his  time— which  was  a  chapel-of-ease — as  in  decent 
repair;  and  the  walls  of  the  old  church,  as  built  of 
large  blocks  of  a  very  fine  freestone.  ^^  Here  were  the 
remains  of  one  of  the  round  towers,  which  stood  30 
yards  from  the  south  west  angle  of  the  church,  and 
fell  in  the  memory  of  several  people." 

Colgan  says  this  place  was  a  bishopric.  The  Baculus 
Finachani,  or  St.  Finachan's  staff,    ^^on  which  the 

*  The  park,  or  demesne,  contains  1,100  aoree,  exclnslTe  of  wood.  It  is  now  in 
the  potseeaion  of  Michael  and  Edward  O'Brien,  Esqoires. 


470  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

adjacent  country  people  used  to  swear,"  was  preserred 
in  this  parish.  The  saint's  festival  was  kept  an  the 
25th  of  November. 

About  six  miles  from  the  town,  in  the  oonnly 
Tipperary,  are  the  far-£Etmed  Mitohelstown  oaves.  I 
am  given  to  understand,  by  a  respectable  gentleman, 
who  possesses  landed  property  in  the  neighbourhood, 
that  one  of  these  caves  is  called  the  Caye  of  the  Qiej 
Sheep.  Could  this  have  been  the  cave  in  which  the 
last  Earl  of  Desmond  lay  concealed  from  his  pursoen^ 
and  in  which  he  was  found  by  his  oousin,  the  White 
Knight,  who  delivered  him  into  the  hands  of  his  old 
enemy,  Sir  George  Carew,  who  had  him  sent  to  the 
Tower  of  London,  where  he  died,  and  lies  bmied. 
See  vol.  i.,  p.  336.  If  we  believe  in  ourses^  we  should 
say  a  curse  rests  on  the  Fitzgibbons  or  SangstonSi  tn 
this  black  treachery. 

There  are  two  routes  from  Mitohelstown  to  Mallow. 
The  one  is  through  Kildorrery  and  Doneraile.  Kl- 
dorrery,  on  the  borders  of  Limeriok,  stands  on 
the  crown  of  a  high  hill,  very  difficult  of  ascent.  Onr 
forefathers,  who  knew  but  little  of  the  meobanioal 
powers,  had  no  idea  of  ascending  a  hill  in  onrves,  on 
the  screw  principle,  but  went  right  at  it  in  a  stnight 
line.  As  we  do  not  like  steep  ascents,  and  as  fliis 
road  would  take  us  almost  out  of  the  county  of  CSoik, 
we  shall  approach  the  town  of  Mallow  by  the  vallej  of 
the  Blackwater,  a  far  pleasanter  route. 

The  lands  of  Castle-Hyde  join  those  of  Creg,  where 
we  find  another  of  Lord  Boche's  castles.  Two  w>i1<m 
beyond  Creg  is  the  village  of  Ballyhooly,  near  whioh  is 
Convamore,  the  splendid  demesne  of  Lord  Ennismore. 


BRIDGETOWN   ABBEY.  471 

The  yiew  of  the  river  from  the  demesne,  and  the  Nagle 
^mountains  is  very  fine.  About  a  mile  abovtf  Conya- 
more,  the  Awbeg,  or  Mulla,  of  Spenser,  meets  the 
Biackwater,  and  then  passes  beneath  the  rocky  cliffs 
€i  Benny,  where  Mr.  O'Flanagan  heard  that  one  of  the 
y^  poet's  descendants  had  had  his  tiiroat  out  by  his  jealous 
housekeeper. — See  vol.  i.,  pp^  312,  313. 

Bridgetown  Abbey  lies  in  the  low  ground,  between 
the  conflux  of  the  Malla  and  Blackwater.  The  priors 
of  this  abbey — ^which  was  foimded  by  the  Boches — 
were  men  of  great  power  and  importance  in  their  day. 
Thomas  Prior,  of  Bridgetown,  in  1375,  in  compliance 
with  a  writ  of  Edward  IIL,  was  appointed  to  proceed 
to  England,  with  other  chosen  persons,  to  advise  the 
long  on  the  government  of  that  kingdom,  and  on  other 
important  matters.  There  are  some  old  and  interesting 
monuments  in  the  abbey,  and  one,  near  the  altar,  sup- 
posed to  be  that  of  the  founder,  Alexander  Fitz^Hugh 
Boche.  It  bears  a  head  in  high  relief,  and  an  inverted 
armorial  shield,  charged  with  one  fish.  The  present 
Boche  arms  are  three.  In  a  small  chapel  is  a  tomb 
inscribed — "  A.D.  1634.    Theobald  Boch." 

Continuing  to  ascend  the  Blackwater,  we  come  to 
the  little  town  or  village  of  Ejllavnllan,  near  which 
are  the  ruins  of  Monanimy,  thought  to  belong  to  the 
Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem.  About  a  mile  to 
the  eastward  of  the  village  is  Carrigacunna  Castle.*  The 
old  castle  is  a  square  massive  tower,  seventy  feet  high, 
which  looks  down  as  sternly  on  the  plain  as  it  did  200 
years  ago.     Close  by  stands  the  modem  and  peaceful 

*  Carrigacunna  CoiUe^  rendered  by  Crofton  Oroker,  Oarrignaetmny,  "  the 
rabbit' 8-rock." 


472  HISTORY   OP   CORK« 

residence  of  Mr.  Foott,  one  of  the  oldest  magisirateg 
in  the  6ounty.  There  is  a  tradition  that  James  II. 
was  lodged  and  entertained  here,  by  its  proprietoFi  Sir 
Biohard  Nagle,  when  that  unfortunate  monarch  was 
on  his  way  to  meet  his  nephew  and  son-in-law^  William, 
Prince  of  Orange,  at  the  Blackwater.  The  following 
interesting  account  of  the  Kagle  family  has  been  for- 
warded to  me,  by  my  friend  Mr,  Spratt,  of  Pencil-hill, 
Mallow,  the  nephew  of  Mr.  Foott,  of  Carrigaounna 
Castle : — 

*'  The  present  representative  of  the  family  of  Sir  Riehard  Nagle, 
Attorney-General  for  Ireland  in  the  reign  of  James  II.,  is  Mr. 
Pierce  Nagle,  who  has  been  for  some  years  absent  from  this  oofuntrj. 
His  property  at  Annakissy,  in  the  parish  of  Cleiior,  fonned  a  part 
of  the  fiunily  estates.  The  Annakissy  estate,  on.  which  are  th« 
remains  of  one  of  the  family  mansions,  has  recently  pasted  under 
the  Encumbered  Estates  Court,  into  the  possession  of  an  Ic^gKaK 
gentleman.  The  paternal  great-grand&ther  of  the  prcMat  head  of 
the  femily  was  James,  son  of  Pierce,  brother  of  Sir  fiowlaiid.  Ifir. 
Pierce  Nagle  sent  his  son,  James,  to  be  educated  at  St.  GeniHiBe» 
in  France,  where  James  II.  spent  the  last  years  of  his  troihled  Efe. 
There  the  youthful  descendant  and  heir  of  the  Naglee  begia  hii 
career  in  life,  as  a  page  in  the  suite  of  the  exiled  monaroh,  and 
brought  up  under  the  eye  of  his  uncle.  Sir  Richard,  then  a 
James  Nagle  lived  to  the  age  of  99.  Pierce,  finther  of  Jamei,fiBed 
the  office  of  High  Sheriff  of  this  county  in  the  reign  of  James  II., 
and  used  the  power  and  influence  of  his  office  and  poeitian  with 
such  good  effect,  in  favor  of  his  Protestant  fellow-subjeots,  that  a 
statement  setting  forth  and  acknowledging  his  justice  and  humanitj 
was  drawn  up  and  subscribed  by  numbers  of  the  principal  Protes- 
tant gentlemen  of  the  county.  In  the  subsequent  reign,  when  tha 
penal  laws  against  the  Roman  Catholic  population  were  ^n^'tltfril  ia 
their  utmost  rigour,  Mr.  Nagle  was  licensed  to  have  and  to 
arms ;  a  privilege  then  denied  even  to  the  Roman  Catholic 
The  kindness  and  protection  afforded  by  this  gentleman  to  bia  fnh 
tostant  fellow-subjccts,  in  the  time  of  their  adversity,  hie  been 


CASTLETOWN,    MALLOW,    AND   DONEEAILB.  473 

trasted  with  the  conduct  of  his  brother,  Sir  Richard  Nagle,  who 
made  himself  the  instrument  of  those  severities  which  haitened  the 
Ifdl  of  his  sovereign  and  the  ruin  of  his  own  fortunes." 

Leaving  the  Black  water,  we  follow  the  ^course  of  the: 
Mulla  through  a  deep  wild  glen,  to  reach  Ca&ftletown* 
Boche,  the  family  seat  of  the  Lords  Boche,  now  called 
Castle  Widenham.  For  an  account  of  the  siege  of  the 
old  castle,  see  toI.  ii.,  p.  110. 

Mallow,  the  next  place  of  importance  after  leaving 
Castletown,  is  a  borough  town,  20  miles  by  rail  from 
Cork.  The  population  is  between  six  and  seven  thou- 
sand. It  has  been  represented  in  the  English  Parlia- 
ment by  Sir  Denham  Norreys,  (the  lord  of  the  manor,) 
for  over  thirty  years.  Sir  Denham  Norreys  has 
erected  a  new  Spa  House*  and  baths  on  the  Spa  Walk, 
and  a  new  castle  in  his  beautiful  demesne.  The  old 
castle,  whose  picturesque  ruins  stand  within  the  gate, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Blackwater,  was  built  by  one  of 
the  Earls  of  Desmond,  a  large  portion  of  whose  pro- 
perty was  inherited  by  Sir  John  and  Sir  Thomas 
Norreys,  the  ancestors  of  the  present  proprietor,  Sir 
Denham  Norreys. 

Doneraile  is  a  small  but  neat  market  and  post  town. 
It  was  formerly  a  borough  town,  and  returned  a  mem- 
ber to  the  Irish  Parliament.  Sir  William  St.  Leger, 
who  was  Lord  President  of  Munster  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  I,,  held  his  court  here.  For  his  noble  and 
loyal  conduct  during  the  crisis  of  the  Irish  civil  war, 
and  for  the  wise  and  impartial  administration  of  old 

♦  Spa  Hotue.  The  temperature  of  the  Mallow  Spa  yaries  from  66°  to  72'*.  It 
contains  a  great  deal  of  gas,  the  constituent  parts  of  which  are  93.5  of  nitrogen 


474  HTSTOBY   OF   COEK. 

Sir  Anthony  St.  Leger,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
the  earlier  portions  of  this  history.  His  views,  as 
Mr.  Trotter  *  says,  were  those  of  a  great  statesman, 
and  his  administration  of  Irish  afiairs^  under  great  and 
various  difficulties,  far  superior  to  that  of  his  predeoes- 
sors.  He  served  the  crown  of  England  faithfully,  and 
followed  the  pasRions  of  no  party.  Such  a  character 
gave  safety  to  Ireland  and  strength  to  England.  No- 
thing can  be  finer  than  the  Doneraile  demesne,  which 
is  adorned  by  some  of  the  best  reaches  of  Spenser's 
Awbeg  or  MuUa. 

Buttevant  is  about  four  miles  from  Doneraile  and 
seven  from  Mallow.  It  takes  its  name  from  the  war- 
cry  of  the  Barrys,  Boutes  en  evanij  "  Push  forward." 
In  ecclesiastical  books  it  is  called  Bothon,  and  by 
Spenser,  Eilnemullagh.  It  was  at  one  time  an  aneient 
corporation,  governed  by  a  mayor  and  aldermen.  The 
remains  of  the  town  wall  were  to  be  seen  in  Doctor 
Smith's  time.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  an  anoient  abbey, 
founded  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  by  David  da 
Barry.  Within  the  old  walls  reposed  the  ashes  of 
some  of  the  Fitzgeralds,  Prendergasts,  Donegans, 
Meades,  Dowlings,  Healys,  NagleSj  Lombards,  and 
Supples.  Here  are  the  skulls  t  of  the  heroes  that 
fell  at  the  battle  of  Knockninoss.  The  old  town 
is  little  more  than  a  Golgotha,  or  place  of  skulls.  With 
the  exception  of  the  new  Catholic  church,  notfaing 
seems  to  have  grown  or  flourished  here  for  oentmies. 
Sir  James  Anderson,  the  son  of  John  Andersoni  oC 

*  Mr,  Trotter,  in  his  Walkt  through  Ireland^  penned  in  1817  and  pnblkhtd  fai 
1819. 

t  Th4  skuUt  of  ths  heroes  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Knoehmom.  A  ■knU  of  t«j 
lar^  dimensions  is,  or  has  been,  pointed  oat  as  that  of  the  ftmons  wurior.  Mm 
AUisdrom,  who  fell  on  this  ocoaaion  fighting  at  the  Irish  aide.— See  iroL  L,  p.  6ft. 


BUTTEYANT  AND  SIB  JAMES   ANDERSON.  476 

Fermoy,  built  a  castle  and  flour-mills  here,  and  lost 
both.  Here  he  commenced  his  experiments  and  extra- 
ordinary labors  for  the  construction  of  a  steam-carriage 
for  common  roads,  upon  which  he  spent  a  fortune  and 
reaped  no  reward,  except  the  satisfaction  of  having 
labored  for  a  noble  object.  I  haye  often  heard  him 
say,  "  Others  will  reap  the  rewards  of  my  labors  when 
I  am  dead  and  gone.''*  He  is  now  gone,  and  a  purer 
patriot,  a  sincerer  friend,  or  a  more  accomplished  gen- 
tleman neyer  breathed. 

Six  miles  from  Buttevant  is  the  village  of  Liscarrol, 
with  the  ruins  of  its  noble  castle,  a  rectangle,  240 
feet  by  120,  flanked  by  four  circular  and  two  quadran- 
gular towers.  It  is  thought  by  some  to  have  been 
built  in  the  reign  of  King  John.  The  Barrys  pos- 
sessed it  before  it  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Fercival 
family.  For  its  siege,  in  1642,  and  the  battle  fought 
beneath  its  walls,  we  refer  the  reader  to  page  68  of 
this  volume. 

The  distance  from  Buttevant  to  Charleville,  by  rail, 
ts  nine  miles.  The  ancient  name  of  Charleville  was 
Bathgogan.  It  was  changed  in  honor  of  Charles  II., 
by  Lord  BroghiU,  afterwards  Earl  of  Orrery,  who  had 
it  made  a  borough  town.  Writing  to  the  Duke  of 
Ormond,  11th  of  December,  1662,  he  says,  "  I  hope, 
by  your  grace's  favor,  to  get  it  made  a  borough,  and 
have  it  bear  the  name  of  Charleville,  it  being  now 
called  by  the  heathenish  name  of  Eathgogan."     He 

*  Dead  and  gone.  Sir  James  Caleb  Anderson,  of  Butteyant  Castle,  baronet, 
died  in  London,  the  4tb  of  April,  1861,  aged  69.  As  be  leaves  no  niale  descendant, 
the  title,  which  was  conferred  on  the  son  for  the  eminent  public  serrices  of  the  " 
faUier,  John  Anderson,  died  with  him.  It  is  a  pity  that  a  title,  thns  conferred, 
•honld  be  allowed  to  die  out,  for  Sir  James  Anderson  has  left  nephews,  the  grand- 
eons  of  John  Anderson,  of  Fermoj. 


476  HISTOBT   OF   CORK. 

adds,  ^^  I  admit  neither  Presbyter,  Papist,  Indepen- 
dent, nor,  as  our  proclamation  says,  any  other  sort  of 
fanatic  to  plant  there,  but  all  good  Protestants,  and  am 
setting  up  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cloths, 
and  other  good  trades.'' 

Boger  Boyle  took  the  title  of  Earl  of  Orrery  from 
the  name  of  the  barony,  and  that  of  Baron  Broghill 
from  a  castle  and  manor  to  the  west  of  Charleville, 
belonging  to  the  Fitzgeralds. 

The  Earl  of  Orrery  built  a  magnificent  mansioii  in 
Charleville,  which  was  burnt  down  in  1690,  by  order 
of  the  Duke  of  Berwick,  who  had  dined  there ;  thus 
fulfilling,  as  we  have  shewn  (in  page  166,)  the  pre- 
diction of  John  Exham,  the  mad  Quaker. 

Charleville  is  an  incorporated  market  and  post  town. 

The  number  of  houses  in  1831  was  741.    The  pieBent 

number  of  inhabitants  must  be  oyer  4,000.    It  has  a 

Protestant  Church,  rather  a  handsome  Catholic  Chapel, 

National  Schools,*  and  a  National  Bank.    The  Eail  of 

Cork  is  the  principal  proprietor,  and  is  esteemed  a  good 

landlord.     The  new  road  from  Charleyille  to  Groom 

improved  the  trade  of  this  town,  by  shortening  the 

distance  to  Limerick.    The  new  railway  to  Foynea^ 

now  in  contemplation,  will  increase  the  faoilitiea  of 

intercourse.      Charleville  is  on  the  borders  of  the 

County   Limerick.     The  mail  coach,  from  Cork  to 

Limerick,  passed  through  this  town,  near  whioh  ia  a 

station  of  the  Great  Southern  and  Western  Bailway, 

«  National  Schools.  Clmrles,  fourth  Earl  of  Orrery,  gare  10  aerei  of  I«id  te 
a' Charter  School  in  Charlovillc.  The  building  was  erected  at  the  cott  of  ittM^ 
and  opened  on  the  16th  of  April,  JV^S,  and  30  childreni  10  bojiwd  lOjid^ 
admitted.— See  Smith's  Ilistory  of  Cork,  vol.  i.,  pp.  304^  806.  WhaloTtlil 
school,  and  what  of  tiie  endowm^nt.^ 


CHAPTER  XXIL 

DBUMNEBN  —  BALLYGLOUOH LOHOBT   CASTLE  —  KAITTUBK 

MEWMABKBT  —  DBOMAGH MILI.8TBBBT  —  BUNG-WILLIAM's- 

TOWN  —  MAG  BOOM  —  BALLY  YOUBN  BT  —  KILOBBA  ABBEY  — 
BALLINCOLLIG—  OYENS — BLABNEY — ST.   ANNE's. 

We  can  now  travel  by  rail  from  Mallow  to  Kanturfr^ 
or  rather  to  the  Kantnrk  station,  but  we  prefer  the 
Navigation  Bead  and  the  banks  of  the  Blackwater* 
One  of  the  finest  places  on  its  banks  is  Longueville, 
the  seat  of  Richard  Longfield,  Esquire,  of  whose  family 
I  have  already  spoken,  in  page  265  of  this  volume. 
To  the  north-west  of  Longueville  is  Bally-Thomas, 
belonging  to  the  Bullens.* 

Opposite  Longueville,  at  the  other  side  of  the  river, 
stands  the  old  ivy  clothed  castle  of  Drumneen,  which 
is  styled  the  principal  house  of  Pebble  O'Callaghan. 
The  Irish  poet,  Aeughus  O'Daly,  describes  his  visit  to 
this  castle,  about  the  year  1600.  I  shall  take  the 
liberty  of  paraphrasing  his  words : — 

*^  Tho  Great  0'  himself^t  ^^^  ^'^  down,  by  his  danghter^ 
And  that  for  my  supper,  a  mug  of  cold  water. 
'Twas  on  water  alone  for  that  night  that  I  fed ; 
I  declare,  on  my  conscienee,  'twas  88  thick  as  the  bread." 

*  The  BuUens  came  to  this  country  and  settled  at  Kinsale  early  in  the  17tli 
century.  "^^^J  ^^  descended  from  Jefi&ey  Bullen  of  Salle,  in  the  county  of 
liorfolk,  ^andfather  of  Anna  Bullen,  second  wife  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  mother  of 
Queen  Elizabeth. 

t  The  Great  Cf  AtrnM;//*.— Cornelius  O'Callaghan  had  been  nrior  of  B 
but  wajB  elected  chief  ol  his  name  in  1578.    Colgan  says  a       "astery  Oa  * 
friars  was  founded  by  the  O'Callaghans,  at  Clonmene,  two  Oa        se  miles  ] 
u]^  the  Blackwater.    The  present  head  and  representatiye  Oi 
Liimoro. 


478  HISTORY   OF   CORK, 

The  Newmans,  now  of  Dromore  House,  in  the  paiifth 
of  Kilshannik,  resided  for  some  time  in  this  oastle* 
They  came  from  Wincanton,  in  Somersetshire,  to  Ire- 
land, in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  Bichard  Newman's* 
patent  bears  date  28th  August  and  2nd  James  II.  It 
secures  to  him,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  £64  Ss.  Sd., 
the  castle  and  lands  of  Drumneen,  and  other  lands  and 
tenements  in  the  county  and  city  of  Cork ;  the  said 
lands  to  be  erected  into  a  manor,  called  the  Manor  of 
Newbery.  The  grant  in  the  city  of  Cork  consiBted  of 
^^four  messuages  in  Christ  Church  Lane,  extending 
from  the  street  to  the  old  building  called  the  oollege." 

From  Longueville  to  Bally clough  is  about  one  mile. 
Smith  calls  Bally  clough  a  ^^  pretty  village."  It  is  now 
a  poor  one.  There  are  some  interesting  monuments  in 
the  old  church.  One  to  John  Lysaght,  of  Mount* 
north,  who  died  1746,  and  another  to  Mrs.  Catherine 
Boyle,  the  wife  of  Henry  Boyle;  and  if  the  lady  was 
only  half  as  good  as  the  marble  testifies,  we  may  oap 
the  climax  of  her  praise — if  this  be  possible — and  say^ 

**  Underneath  tliif  stone  doth  lie, 
Ab  much  yirtue  as  conld  die.'* 

Lohort  castle  is  about  an  Irish  mile  from  Bally- 
clough,  and  the  same  distance  from  KnockninoflSi  the 
site  of  the  famous  battle  fought  in  1647.  This  is  one 
of  the  finest  old  castles  in  Ireland.  It  was  built^  it  is 
supposed,  during  the  reign  of  Eing  John.  It  is  the 
property  of  the  Earl  of  Egmont,  who  keeps  it  in  a 

*  Bichard  Newman. — This  Richard  Newmanwas  High  Stewaxd  ofWeftmiMttr^ 
and  a  faithful  adherent  of  Charles  I.,  whom  he  aooompanied  through  til  hii  difi- 
cnltics  and  dangers,  on  some  occasions  supplying  him  with  laige  sumi  of  moBiir. 
Colonel  Newman  was  granted  an  augmentation  or  arms  by  Charles  L,  t  pn«4f^^yi^ 
imperially  crowned,  for  his  bravery  at  the  battle  of  Worcester. 


LOHOBT,    BALLTGIBLIN,    AND  EANTURK.  479 

state  of  most  commendable  preservation.  The  castle 
is  eighty  feet  high,  with  walls  ten  feet  thick.  It  was 
originally  surrounded  by  a  deep  moat.  It  contains 
some  fine  apartments,  which  are  occupied  by  the  Earl 
of  Egmont's  agent. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Lohort,  is  Ballygiblln> 
the  modem  and  beautiful  eastellated  mansion  of  Sir 
Henry  Becher.*  The  Becher  £Eimily  came  to  Ireland 
in  the  time  of  Elizabeth.  Colonel  Becher  was  aide- 
camp  to  William  III.  at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  who 
presented  him  with  his  watch,  which  is  now  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Becher,  of  Lakelands,  near  Skib- 
bereen. 

Eanturk'l'  is  a  market  and  post  town,  in  the  barony 
©f  Duhallow,  about  ten  miles  from  Mallow,  and  thirty 
from  Cork.  It  lies  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers 
Alio  and  Dalua,  which  flow  into  the  Blackwater,  two 
miles  below  the  town.  Kanturk;  is  a  thriving  little 
town,  with  a  population  something  under  4000.  Near 
it  are  the  ruins  of  E^nturk  Castle.  It  is  a  paralello- 
gram  120  feet  long,  by  80  feet  wide,  flanked  with  four 
square  towers.  The  castle  was  never  completed,  it 
having  been  represented  to  Elizabeth  as  a  place  of  too 
much  strength  and  importance  for  a  subject;  the  works 
were  therefore  stopped.  Mao  Donough  Mac  Carthy, 
of  Kanturk,  was  killed  by  Tyrone  during  the  civil 
wars,  and  his  lands  in  Duhallow  seized  by  his  kinsman, 

*  Sir  Henry  Becher  haa  in  his  possession  a  pedigree  tiding  his  ancestors, 
through  his  paternal  grandmother,  to  Sir  Eustace  do  Bridgecourt,  who  came 
from  Uainanlt  in  1328,  with  Phillippa,  queen  consort  to  Edward  III.  The  pre- 
sent haronet's  father  was  Mr.  Wrixon,  who  was  created  a  haronet  in  1831,  and 
his  mother  the  accomplished  and  justly  celebrated  actress,  Miss  O'Neill. 

f  Kanturky  from  Ceam-tuircj  "the  head,  or  perhaps  hUl  of  the  boar."— 
Br.  (/Donovan. 


480  HISTOKT  OF  COBK. 

Dermod  Mao  Owen  Mao  Carthy — the  heir,  Cormae 
Mao  Carthy,  being  an  infant;  but  the  Lord  Deputy 
Chiehester  interfered  in  his  behalf  with  !Eing  James 
in  1611,  who  restored  him  his  estates.  A  large  por- 
tion of  this  property  now  belongs  to  the  Eiarl  of 
Egmont. 

To  the  north-west  of  Santurk  is  the  mansioii  and 
fine  demesne  of  Castleoor,  the  property  of  Major  James 
Barry,  of  Ballyclongh.  It  formerly  belonged  to  the 
Freemans.*  An  old  oastle  belonging  to  the  Banysy 
stood  in  the  ^'  pleasant  park  "  of  Castleeor.  It  appears 
from  this  that  the  estate  has  gone  baek  to  the  original 
proprietors,  and  that  the  Barrys  have  got  their  awn 
again.  The  Ballyolough  braneh  of  the  Barrys  daims 
to  be  senior  to  the  Barrymores.  They  lived  originally 
at  Lisnegar,  near  Bathcormao. 

Kewmarkot  is  between  four  and  five  miles  firom  Kan* 
tm*k.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  forfeited  estates  of  the 
Mao  Auliffes,  and  was  granted  to  the  Aldworth  fiunilj, 
who  established  a  new  market  here,  hence  the  name. 
Kewmarket  House,  the  seat  of  Biohard  Oliyer  Aid- 
worth,  a  descendant  of  the  St.  Legers,  is  near  the 
town.  Here  also  is  Mount  Eeeffe,  and  the  Priory^  fi»^ 
merly  the  residence  of  John  Fhilpot  Cnrran.f  Cunaii 
was  a  townsman  and  ootemporary  with  Barry  Yelyerton. 
When  boys  they  went  to  school  together  to  Midleton. 
Yelyerton  was  raised  to  the  Irish  peerage  in  1736|  and 
to  the  dignity  of  Yisooimt  Avonmore,  for  his  seryioes 

*  Th$  Freemans  possessed  considerable  property  in  tliis  eonnty.    Asm 
mar  lied  Edmund  Spenser,  a  linetd  dtocendant  of  the  poet. 

fjohn  Fhilpot  Curran. — The  name  Curran  or  Citrraiie  It  Giltio. 
mother  was  a  Fhilpot.     Some  think  the  Philpots  are  CromweUiiiii. 
Oinckell,  King  William's  famous  general,  was  married  to  UnoU  Fhilpoli 
field,  a  Dutch  lady. 


DROMAGH   AND   MILLSZREET.  481 

in  voting  for  the  Union.  Cuiran  was  at  this  time  a 
member  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons.  The  Marquis 
Comwallis,  then  Lord  Lieutenant,  writing  to  his  brother 
the  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  says : — "  We 
hope,  in  the  course  of  this  week,  or  at  latest  on  Mon- 
day next,  to  pass  the  Union  bill  in  the  House  of  Com-* 
mens.  The  [opposition]  party  is  breaking  to  pieces, 
and  the  Fonsonbys  have  occasioned  great  disgust  by 
bringing  Curran,  a  most  disaffected,  though  a  very  able 
lawyer,  into  parliament," 

Dromagh  Castle,  on  the  property  of  Nicholas  Fhilpot 
Leader,  lies  about  four  miles  south-west  of  Eanturk* 
Here  are  the  ruins  of  a  fine  old  castle,  built  by  the 
O'Keeffes.  Lord  Muskerry  marched  out  of  this  castle 
in.  1652,  to  encounter  Lord  Broghill,  at  the  feanous 
battle  of  Knocknaclashy,  near  Clonmeen. — See  vol.  i., 
pp.  114-117.  Dromagh  is  about  the  centre  of  the  coal 
or  culm  district,  which  runs  from  within  a  mile  and 
a-half  of  Kanturk  to  Millstreet.  Dr.  Smith,  writing 
in  1749,  says, — "  Near  this  place  a  vein  of  coal  has 
been  discovered,  and  considerable  quantities  have  been 
raised.'^  The  quantity  of  culm  raised  by  Mr.  Leader 
is  considerable ;  Doctor  Justice  also  raised  large  quan- 
tities on  his  property  between  Mount  Justice  and 
Duaragil.  The  culm  is  principally  employed  in  burn- 
ing lime.*  There  is  a  great  deal  of  bog  and  bad  land 
in  this  neighbourhood. 

Millstreet  is  a  market  and  post  town,  in  the  parish 
of  Drishane  and  barony  of  West  Muskerry,  eight  miles 
from  Kanturk  and  twenty  miles  from  Mallow,  on  the 

*  In  burning  Ume, — The  "  sweet"  calm,  which  is  free  of  sulphur,  is  employed 
at  '^  smiddies,"  but  there  is  very  little  of  this  kind  raised. 


482  HISTOBY   OF   CORE. 

Zillamey  line  of  railway.  It  is  a  poor  town,  with 
about  1,600  inhabitants.  The  principal  seato  are 
Drishane  Castle,  Coomlegane,  Bathdoane,  Monnt 
Leader,  Moimt  Justice,  and  Duaragil  Castle.* 

King-William's-town,  in  the  parish  of  Nohoval  and 
the  baroD  J  of  Duhallow,  is  about  ten  miles  from  Mill- 
street,  and  the  same  distance  from  Castle  IdiEmd.  It 
is  of  recent  erection  and  is  called  after  William  lY. 
The  crown  lands,  in  the  centre  of  which  it  is  sitoated, 
formed  part  of  the  forfeited  territory  of  the  G^EmSbb. 
A  lease  of  these  lands  was  granted,  more  than  a  oentnry 
ago,  to  the  Cronin  family.f  On  its  expiiation,  tlie 
Commissioners  of  Woods  and  Forests  oommenoed,  in 
1832,  a  series  of  experimental  improTements  in  dnin. 
ing,  planting,  building,  and  road-making,  on  which  they 
expended  j£l 7,000;  the  grand  juries  of  Cork  and 
Eerry  adding  nearly  j£8,000,  making  a  total  of  about 
£25,000.  The  improred  land  was  then  pat  up  for 
purchase.  Mr.  Yincent  Scully,  one  of  the  present 
members  for  the  coimty  Cork,  purchased  King- 
William's-town  and  Upper  and  Lower  Glen  GoUin^ 
which  he  sold  in  the  Encumbered  Estates  Gonrt|  in 
1858,  to  the  present  proprietor,  Nicholas  Dunsoomlie^ 
Esquire,  North  Mall,  Cork,  who  has  expended  a  gnat 
deal  of  money,  and  displayed  much  skill  and  enterprise 
on  their  improvement.  He  now  makes  £ing-WilIiam^s- 
town  House  his  permanent  residence.      The  Tillage 

*  Duaragil  Castle. — This  picturcsqne  castle,  OTerhanginr  th»  banb  of  te 
Blackwater,  has  been  greatlj  improved  bj  Doctor  Justice  of  Mallow,  whote  fiorily 
has  been  in  possession  of  the  property  for  nearly  200  yean.  It  oimnallj  hdni^M 
to  the  sept  O'EeefTes,  who  also  owned  the  castles  of  Dromagh  ana  Dronuiciiii^  ia 
the  barony  of  Duhallow. 

fOnmin  family^  now  represented  by  Cronin  of  Park,  netr  KSIanMT.  Ikw 
arc  descendants  of  the  Ui  Dubhagain  chie&,  of  Fermoy,  who  an  dwo^ndad  ftwi 

Mogh  Both,  the  Druid. 


MACROOM   CASTLE.  483 

lies  in  a  yalley,  on  the  banks  of  the  Blackwater^  which 
aeperates  it  from  the  county  of  Kerry.  Three  miles 
higher  np,  on  Moinganine^  we  meet  the  source  of  this 
beautiful  river^  and  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  its 
Bource,  the  Beidhteach  an  Jarla,  or  the  ^^  Plain  of  the 
Earl,''  where  Garrett,  the  sixteenth  Earl  of  Desmond, 
lay  concealed  before  his  murder  by  Daniel  Kelly, 
recorded  in  vol.  i.,  and  pages  264  and  265  of  this 
history. 

Macroom,  in  the  barony  of  West  Muskerry,  is  13 
milei  south-east  of  Millstreet,  and  24  miles  west  of 
Cork.  It  is  a  post  and  market  town.  The  name  is 
thought  to  be  derived  from  Maide-crom,  a  gnarled  or 
crooked  wood ;  some  say  from  an  oak  which  grew  in 
the  market  place.  Mr.  Windele,  with  more  proba- 
bility, derives  the  name  from  Maigh-cruim,  or  the 
"  Plain  of  Crom."* 

Sir  Kichard  Cox  says  the  Carews  built  a  castle  here 
in  King  John's  time.  Mr.  Windele  thinks  it  was 
built  by  the  O'Flyns,  from  whom  it  was  called  Caisleau- 
i-Fhlionn.  It  was  repaired  and  beautified  by  Tiege 
Mac  Carthy,  father  of  that  '^  well-deserving  gentleman, 
the  rarest  man  of  all  the  Irishry,"  Sir  Cormac  Tiege 
Mac  Carthy.  For  an  account  of  the  taking  of  this 
castle  from  Cormac  Mac  Dermot  Mac  Carthy,  Lord  of 
Muskerry,  in  1602,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  chap. 
xxii.  of  the  first  volume.  The  castle  is  on  the  banks 
of  the  SuUane  river.  Smith  describes  it  in  his  time  as 
consisting  of  two  square  towers,  about  60  feet  high. 

•  The  Plam  of  tU  Orom  '•  It  ngniflat  the  Plain  of  Chroll^  who  wai  Um  Soprtme 
Power,  the  Jupiter  Tonans  of  the  Ukdent  Lriih.    His  alUr  wit  the  Crom-le«0| 

and  his  priest  the  Crom-thcar." 


484  HISTOBY  OF  CORK. 

Mr,  Windele  styles  it  ^^one  huge  square  masB  of 
masonry." 

This  castle,  and  property  around  it,  was  granted,  ob 
the  termination  of  the  civil  war,  to  Admiral  Pemi| 
who  fought  on  the  side  of  the  Parliament.  For  this 
he  was  indebted  to  Oliver  Cromwell.  There  ia  an  im- 
pression abroad  that  Fenn,  the  famous  Quaker,  was 
bom  here.  Smith  says,  ^^8ir  William  Fenn,  the 
famous  sea  admiral,  was  bom  in  it;"  that  ia  the 
Quaker's  father.  Both  statements  are  equally  incor- 
rect, as  I  have  explained  elsewhere  (voL  ii.,  pp.  119, 
120).  Lord  Muskerry,  created  (for  his  fedthfulnesi 
to  the  royal  cause)  Earl  of  Clancarty,  got  it  baok  fix)m 
Fenn.  Lord  Muskerry's  grandson,  Donough|  the 
fourth  earl,  lost  it  again,  and  the  whole  of  hia  vart 
estates,  for  his  loyalty  to  James  XL  Maoroom  C^Mtle 
is  now  in  the  possession  of  Colonel  White  Hedges^  the 
brother  to  Lord  Bantry,  and  heir  to  his  estateSt  Hie 
inherits  the  Macroom  property  from  his  grand-mtoler 
Bobert  Hedges  Eyre,  who  died  in  1840.  It  waa  at 
one  time  the  joint  property  of  the  Earl  of  Bandon  and 
the  Hon.  Bobert  Hedges  Eyre.  The  town,  which 
contains  about  2000  inhabitants,  is  pleasantly  aitoated 
on  the  Sullane,  a  river  only  inferior  to  the  Lee. 

Two  or  three  miles  to  the  west  of  Macroom  ia  Ganig- 
a-Fooka  Castle,  of  which  we  speak  in  page  404  of  Hiia 
volume ;  and  about  a  mile  further  south,  Dun-dariok 
Castle,  built  by  the  Mac  Carthys,  which  waa  forfeited 
after  the  great  civil  war  of  1641. 

Ballyvoumcy,  or  the  ^^  Beloved  town,''  is  eight  miles 
to  the  west  of  Macroom.  The  river  Sullane  xiraa  in 
this  parish.     St.  Abban,  who  died  in  660|  founded  a 


CAHBI6ADR0HII)   AND   EILCEEA.  485 

monastery  here.  The  old  church  was  dedicated  to  St. 
Gk>bnata.  Sir  Nicholas  Colthurst,  baronet,  is  the  prin- 
cipal proprietor.  Much  of  the  land  is  mountainous, 
but  a  considerable  portion  has  been  brought  under  cul- 
tivation. With  the  exception  of  King-William's-towD, 
Ballyyourney  is  the  most  north-westerly  town  in  the 
county. 

To  the  east  of  Macro(  (      cast         Carriga- 

drohid,  before  the  walls  li      Lgrd  I        bill  hung 

the  Catholic  Bishop  of  It  It 

was  built  by  the  Mac  Cai       s  I  ith  y, 

who  committed  it  to  the  k  of  t     O^J      ^       To 

the  east,  the  village  of  C  1 ;  to  the  n     h 

Coachford,  in  the  parish  ^      i  ^ 

Carrig-na-muck  Castle,  b  i     to  t  ( 

In  the  same  parish  are  tl  of  tl     i  irch  of 

Kilcoleman,  and  on  th<  river  Dri  jr,  the  Dripsey 
paper  mills.     The  pape    mai  n       here  *  is  of  a 

very  superior  quality. 

Further  east  the  Lee  unites  its  waters  with  the 
Bride,  near  the  old  church  at  luniscarra.  It  was  in 
this  district  that  Hugh  O'Neill  met  the  assembled 
Irish  chieftains  in  1600,  aud  installed  the  gigantic 
Florence  Mac  Carthy  as  the  Mac  Carthy  More. 

To  the  south,  on  the  banks  of  the  Bride,  in  the 
parish  of  Desertmore,  are  the  castle  and  the  beautiful 
abbey  of  Kilcrea,  founded  in  3  467,  by  Cormac  Mac 

*  TKepapfr  manufacttirtd  hire. — Mr.  Alfred  Greer,  the  proprietor,  hai  another 
mill  for  the  manufacture  of  coarser  paper,  at  Glenville,  on  the  bride,  dittant  about 
ten  mile*  from  Cork.  The  excue  dutj  paid  on  the  paper  manofactured  at  theee 
two  mills,  averaged,  during  the  laxt  few  jean,  between  nine  and  tan  thonaand 
ponndi.    >I  r.  A  lien  has  ^aper  millt  for  the  manufacture  of  brown,  ingar,  and  tiaraa 

Kper,  on  the  Shouma  nver,  abont  2^  milea  from  St  Ann'i,  Blamej ;  and  Mr. 
tair  haa  one  at  Butlerttown,  Glannure.   Thia  mill  baa  baao  working  manj  feai% 
making  brown  and  sugar  paper.    Theee  are  all  the  paper  milk  in  the  ooontj. 


486  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

Carthy,  sumamed  Laider,  the  man  who  ordered  that 
^^  the  Sabbath  should  be  strictly  observed  throughout 
his  territory."  He  was  slain,  say  the  same  authority, 
the  Four  Masters,  by  his  own  brother,  Owen,  and  his 
sons,  in  1495.  Smith  says  he  was  wounded  at  Carrig- 
namuc,  by  Owen,  the  son  of  Teige  Mac  Carthy,  and 
died  in  Cork,  and  was  buried  in  the  abbey  in  1494. 
This  corresponds  in  date  with  the  following  inscription : 

HIC  .  JACET  .  CORMACUS  .  FIL  .  THADEI .  FIL  .  COBIIACI . 

FIL  .  DERMITU  .  MA6NI .  M9  CARTHT  .  DNYS  .  DB  . 

MUSGRAIGH  .  FLAYN  .  AO  .  ISTIVS  .  C0NVENTU8  . 

PRIMUS  .  FUNDATOR  .  AN  .  DOM  .  1494  . 

Here  also  lies  Arthur  O'Leary,  termed  thie  Outlaw : 

*^  So  Arthur  Leary,  generouB,  handsomey  braye, 
Slain  in  his  bloonii  lies  in  this  humble  graTe. 

Died  Maj  4th,  1778,  Aged  26  Teon." 

O'Leary's  horse  had  beaten  that  of  Mr.  Morrisi  who 
revenged  himself  by  demanding  the  winning  animal 
for  £6,  pleading  the  force  of  an  old  penal  Btatnte* 
against  Catholics.  O'Leary  indignantly  refused  the 
offer ;  a  scuffle  ensued,  and  O'Leary  was  outlawed  and 
shot  down  like  a  mad  dog.  Mr.  Morris  was  shot  two 
months  after,  through  a  window  on  Hammond's  Manhi 
by  O'Leary's  brother.  Arthur  O'Leary's  wifid|  the 
aunt  of  Daniel  O'Connell  of  Derrynane,  wrote  a  beau* 
tiful  kean  on  her  murdered  husband*  His  brother, 
who  shot  Morris,  escaped  to  France  with  Pattiok 
Moriarty,  where  they  barely  escaped  the  guillotine. 

•  Pleading  tht  fore$  of  an  old  penal  itatue  —A  limilar  eaae  occmi^  wmt 
Skibbercen.  The  man  who  covetted  his  neighbouii  hone  went  to  a  magiiinii 
for  redress.  The  magistrate,  *' a  high  Protestant/'  took  down  a hona-wEipni 
laid  it  on  his  shoulders.  "  There,"  said  he,  "is  the  law  thai  I  lay  dowm  tt  ttfa 
case." 


ARTHXna  O' LEAHY  AND  CARBIGROHAN.      487 

"  Paddy,"  said  O'Leary  to  his  friend,  **  we  were  nearly 

In  this  abbey  also  lies  the  remains  of  Boger  O'Conor, 
mentioned  in  page  248  of  this  volume.  I  find  he  was 
the  brother  of  the  more  famous  Arthur  0' Conor,  who 
died  in  France. 

From  Kilcrea  to  Ballincollig  is  about  six  miles. 
Here  is  an  c^d  castle  belonging  to  the  Barretts,  said  to 
have  been  built  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  Here  are 
also  extensive  powder  mills.  A  mile  and  a  half  from 
Ballincollig,  on  the  southern  banks  of  the  Lee,  stands 
the  castle  of  Carrigrohan,  which  the  Barretts  got  from 
the  Mao  Carthys.  The  Barretts  w^e  of  English 
descent.  Hugh  O'lS'eill,  when  marching  by  one  of 
their  castles,  asked  to  whom  it  belonged,  and  was,  told, 
^^  to  one  Barrett,  a  good  CatholiC|  whose  family  have 
possessed  the  estate  for  400  years."  "  No  matter," 
said  O'Neill,  ^^  I  hate  the  EngHsh  churl  as  if  he  came 
but  yesterday." 

About  a  mile  and  a-half  from. Ballincollig  is  Ath- 
nowen,  or  the  Ovens, -f  a  parish  partly  in  the  barony 
of  Barretts,  but  chiefly  in  that  of  East  Muskerry. 
Smith  speaks  of  remarkable  limestone  caves  which  are 
now  nearly  filled  up.  Had  Smith  seen  the  Mitchels- 
town  caves,  he  would  have  thought  nothing  of  these. 

♦  Shortened. — We  do  not  know  how  0*Leary  escaped  being  lengthmtdy  for 
he  had  been  seen  to  advaDoe  deliberately  up  Peter's-Church  Lane,  with  a 
g:an  in  his  hand.  It  is  probable  that  Morris's  family  did  not  wish  to  be  stained 
with  the  blood  of  the  second  brother.  They  first  denied  that  Morris  had  been  hit. 
The  Cork  Remembrancer  of  July  7th,  1773,  said,  "  Three  shots  were  fired  at 
Abraham  Morris,  at  his  lodgings  in  Mr«  Boyce's  house.  The  balls  entered  a  little 
below  the  window,  but  did  no  miBchief."  This  was  false ;  he  was  wounded  in  the 
side,  and  ncTer  left  the  house  alive.  O'Leary  had  a  great  deal  of  public  sympathy 
for  his  "  wild  justice  of  revenge." 

t  Ovmt.  The  Irish  word  uaimk,  means  both  a  cave  and  an  oven. — OJSeiUi^M 
Irish  Dictionary. 


488  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

We  discover,  from  the  same  authority,  that  Onesi- 
phonis  Fhaire,  a  descendant  of  Colonel  Fhaire,  resided 
at  Grange,  in  this  parish.  Colonel  Phaire,  of  the 
death-warrant,  Cromwell's  governor  of  Cork,  was 
carried  to  Dublin,  in  1660,  with  a  guard  of  fifty 
troopers,  and  from  Dublin  to  London,  where  he  ob- 
tained a  pardon,  through  the  interference  of  Lord 
Clanoarty,  whose  life  he  had  saved.  ^^  He  died  peace- 
ably* near  Cork,  and  was  buried  in  the  AnahaptiBt 
burying-yard  of  that  city." 

The  more  we  know  of  the  Lords  of  Muakerry,  or 
the  Earls  of  Clancarty,  to  whose  castle  at  Blarney  we 
now  turn,  the  more  we  feel  disposed  to  esteem  them. 
Donough  MacCarthy,  who  was  educated  at  Ozfoxdi 
is  accused,  by  those  who  had  an  interest  in  ooofifloated 
property,  of  cruelty  to  Protestants.  We  have  already 
referred  to  the  case  of  the  Mallow  butcher,  wiio  was 
tossed  in  a  blanket,  and  bumped  to  death,  by  his 
dragoons,  for  seeking  reparation  for  his  horee ;  bat  it 
would  not  be  fair  to  make  a  general  responsible  Ibr  the 
violent  conduct  of  his  troops  during  a  civil  war.  There 
were  no  greater  thieves,  or  more  violent  Bcoimdrelii^ 
than  the  Dutch  troops  and  Enniskillen  dragoons  in 
William's  army ;  they  robbed  and  ill-used  the  ooxatij 
people  right  and  left,  and  stole  the  pistols,  and  very 
shoes,  of  their  own  chaplain,  Dean  Davies,  of  CorL 
Ludlow,  who  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  appointed 
to  try  this  Lord  Clancarty,  says  he  was  charged  with 
having  put  several  of  the  English  to  death,  on  tbe 
road  between  his  house,  or  castle  of  Maoroom,  aad 

•Me  died  peaceably.  Lord  Broghill,  the  Iriflh  Titm  Oatflf  of  Us  dij,l*- 
tempted  to  implicate  him,  as  well  ai  Ludlow,  in  a  oonspinoy  to  mivt  thi 
Oommonwealth.— iS^/io^  130,  131. 


DOKOUQH,   LOBD   CLANCABTT. 

Cork  ;  but  he  acknowledges  that  "  it  appeared  that 
divers  of  the  English  Tfere  mnrdered  by  the  codti^, 
appointed  to  conduct  them  safe  to  Cork,"  and  that 
"  Lord  Vuskerry  had  taken  what  care  he  ooxild  for 
their  security,  and  had  done  what  in  him  lay  to  bring 
the  person  who  was  guilty  of  that  blood  to  justice." 
Of  these  charges,  we  are  tfAd,  "  the  eourt  acquitted 
him,  and  be  was  permitted,  according  to  his  article^ 
to  pass  into  Spain." — Lttdhto^a  Memova,  p.-  442. 

It  was  his  splendid  property,*  and  not  his  blood,  that 
his  political  enemies  sought.  The  whole  of  his  estates, 
along  with  his  castles  of  Macroom  and  Blarney,  were 
confiscated.  His  most  determined  enemy  was  Sir 
Biehard  Cox,  of  Dunmanway,  who  prepared  the  charges 
against  him,  for  which  he  "  received  the  thanks  of 
every  Protestant  of  figure  in  the  county."  But  King 
"William,  who  was  a  more  just  ruler  than  he  gets 
credit  for,  granted  him  a  pension  of  £300  a-year, 
on  condition  of  his  quitting  the  kingdom,  and  never 
taking  up  arms  against  the  Protestant  succession. 
Lord  Macauley's  last  volume  of  the  History  of  England 
has  an  interesting  account  of  this  earl's  early  marriage 
and  clandestine  union  with  the  Earl  of  Sunderland's 
daughter.  He  finally  retired  from  society,  to  an  island 
in  the  Elbe,  which  he  purchased  from  the  citizens  of 
Altona.  Here  he  t^rected  a  house,  planted  a  garden, 
and  built  storehouses  for  wrecked  property.  Here  he 
saved  many  lives.  He  kept  the  wrecked  property  in 
his  storehouses  for  a  year,  and  if  an  owner  was  found 
within  this  period,  the  goods  were  restored  on  the  pay- 

*Su  splendid  properlf.—Vpou  a  Idok  calculatioD,  intde  in  the  middle  oTthe 
kst  cenliiry,  his  property  wu  rappowd  to  be  worth  £lfiO,000,  pet  umnm ;  uid 
in  I79S,  Bboiit  £200,000. 


490  HISTORY  OP  CORK. 

ment  of  two  per  cent.  Here  he  died,  Oct«  22nd,  1734, 
aged  64,  perhaps  a  happier  and  better  man  than  he 
would  have  been  as  lord  of  wide  Muskerry  and  Blani^ 
Castle.     He  left  two  sons,  Bobert  and  Justin* 

Bobert,  the  fifth  earl,  entered  the  English  nayy^  but 
soon  left  it  and  went  to  France,  where  he  had  apart- 
mentB  in  the  palace  of  Louis  XY.,  and  a  pension  of 
£1,000  a  year.  He  married  twice,  and  died  in  1770, 
in  his  84lli  year,  leaving  two  sons,  who  died  without 
issue.*  The  title  is  now  inherited  by  the  Trendies, 
who  are  descended  from  Elena  Mac  Carthy,  (the  aiater 
of  Donough)  who  married  one  of  the  Trenches. 

The  sale-book  of  forfeited  estates,t  preserved  m  the 
library  of  the  Dublin  Society,  contains  the  fdllowing 
entry  of  the  sale  of  the  castle,  castle  gronndsi  and 
village  of  Blarney : — 

''  Oct.  1702.^Set  up  by  cant  at  Chicbester  Hqiite-T-BktiMrf, 
witb  tbe  village,  castle,  mills,  fairs,  customs^  and  aU  lands*  ^nd  Oft 
park  thereto  belonging,  containing  1,401  acres.  ltaal'faha» 
£370  4s. ;  yearly  rent,  £295.  This  lies  within  Ibar  miles  of  Ckvk, 
it  has  a  castle  and  mansion  house,  formerly  the  residsnc^  off  tbe 
Earl  of  Muskerry,  a  chapel,  two  mills,  and  several  mdl  iMMuei 
and  cabins ;  the  land  is  arable,  and  good  pasture,  and  within  the 
park  is  a  fine  oak  wood,  etc.  Value  of  the  wood,  about  £1,000. 
Tenant's  name,  Rowland  Davies.:^  Purchaser,  Sir  Riohaid  I^ynei 
Lord  Chief. Justice,  for  £8,000.— November  17,  1702/^ 

*  Without  tMtftf.-^The  Mac  Carthrt,  of  CarrignaTar,  are  a  oolhtflnl  teaftsh  tf 
this  great  family,  the  descendants  or  Daniel  Mao  Caithy,  the  mieU  of  DiOHl^ 
created  Earl  of  Clancartrby  Charles  II. 

t  Forfeited  estates.  The  Hollow-sword-hlade  CompanTjnirohMed  miailj  dl 
the  land  about  Blarney.  About  3,000  acres  is  now  hela  by  CDSrlis  PnHaad*  m^ 
whose  ancestor  was  a  member  of  this  company  The  lame  comptiiy  pviroftfliH 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  barony  of  Barretts.  Lonise  Rente  do  TWfonOoaili  tf 
Queronaille,  created  Duchess  of  Portsmouth  by  Charlea  II.,  got  410,000  of  tti 
purchase  money  as  a  douceur  from  her  royal  lorer.  A  Cork  gentleouaiy  ounkoN 
veracity  I  can  place  the  most  perfect  reliance,  told  me  he  had  tho  DiuhMir  norifl 
to  the  HoUow-sword-blade  Company,  in  his  hand. 

X  Tenanfs  name,  Bowland  Jhvisa.     Mr.  Windele  Mys,  <<  Dooi  Dsfiss  enW 
Hway  with  him,  from  the  castle,  sufficient  materiala  to  build  his 
Dawstown,  in  the  neighbourhood."— Jffw/orww/  NoHcee,  p.  282. 


BLABNBT  CASTLE.  491 

The  pnrchaser,  Chief-Justice  Fyne,  feaiing  that  the 
Earl  of  Clancarty  might  disturb  his  title^  sold  his  in- 
terest in  1703,  to  General  Sir  James  Jeffi*eys,  grandson^ 
we  suspect,  of  the  Colonel  Jeffrey 8  who  seisbed  the  city  of 
Dork,  at  midnight,  for  Cromwell,  in  1649.< — S^e  pages 
99-101. 

General  Sir  James  Jefifreys  won  his  title  of  knight 
banneret  in  the  army  of  Charles  XII.,  of  Sweden^  and 
the  hand  of  a  lady  claiming  alliance  to  the  royal  family. 
Sis  son,  the  Honorable  James  Jeffi*eys,  was  afterwards 
^nyoy  at  the  court  of  Sweden*  A  descendant  of  his 
oiarried  the  sister  of  the  Lwd  Chancellor  Fitzgibbon^ 
Earl  of  Clare.  If  we  can  beUeye  the  stories  toldb 
if  this  lady,  she  must  have  inherited  a  large  share  of 
lier  brother's  indomitable  spirit.  She  obliged,  or  per<^ 
maded  the  Grand  Jinry  of  the^  county  to  build  a  bridge 
to  ornament  the  castle,  and  when  the  water^  which  is^ 
mbject  to  fixed  laws,  refused  to  run  under  her  bridge, 
the  applied  to  have  the  course  of  the  riyer  changed, 
but  this  the  Grand  Jury  could  or  would  not  do. 

^  'Tis  Lady  Jeffireys  'wbo  owns  that  station,* 
Like  Alexander  or  Helen  fair ; 
There's  no  commander,  in  all  this  nation, 
^  In  emulation  can  with  her  compare*" 

About  a  mile  and  a-half  from  Blarney  Castle  is  St. 
Ajine's,  Doctor  Barter's  establishment.    It  stands  on  a 

*  Who  awns  that  ttaium,    '  Blarney,  where  we  nOw  hare  a  railway  station. 

the  metre  and  style  of  the  Orovea  of  Blarney^  of  which  we  haye  giyen  a  specimen 

Aoire,  are  an  imitation  of  a  similar  production — hj  a  "  dnmkeii  oohhltf,"— in 

pnis«  of  Castle-Hyde. 

"  The  bees  perfuming  the  fields  with  nrade, 
As  yoa  rove  down  the  Blaokwater  side ;  ^ 

The  trout  and  salmon, playat  backgammon, 
All  to  adorn  sweet  CasUe-Hyde."  ^ 

bbit  Richard  Alfred  Millikin,  the  author  of  the  •*  Oroves  of  Blarney,"  "  Ode  to  the 

Lee,"  *'  Knop,  a  Fairy  Tale,"   and  many  other  poems,  was  a  man  of  true  genius. 

So  was  bom  at  Castlemartyr,  in  1767,  and  diea  1815.    He  practised  for  soma 

fwurs  as  an  attorney,  in  Cork. 


492  HisroBY  OP  cork. 

fine  eminence,  and  is  Burronnded  by  pleasure  grounds^ 
upon  which  the  doctor  has  displayed  some  taste  and 
expended  more  money.  It  was  first  called  Doctor 
Barter's  ^^  cold  water  '^  establishment ;  it  should  be  now 
styled  his  warm  water  establishment.  Here  is  the 
Turkish,  or  warm  water,  or  warm  air  bath,  with 
more  than  eastern  luxury.  In  a  very  cleyer  leotore, 
delivered  on  the  subject  at  Bradford,  Doctor  Barter 
says,  it  is  melancholy  to  think,  that  our  beloved  queen 
has  not  the  advantages  of  the  Turkish  bath.  If  all 
that  the  lecturer  states  be  correct,  an  effort  should  be 
made  either  to  remove  the  queen  to  Blarney,  or  Dootor 
Barter  to  Buckingham  Palace. 

The  bath  was  esteemed  an  indispensable  lozaiy 
among  the  Bomans,  during  the  deeUne  of  fkai  ei^^nre, 
but  by  those  best  read  in  Boman  history,  it  is  sappoied 
to  have  exercised  a  deleterious  influence,  in  effinni- 
nating  that  once  noble  and  warlike  nation.  The  Turkish 
bath  has  great  attractions  for  lazy  and  luxurious  people, 
with  whom  the  ^'  killing  of  time ''  is  an  imporiaiit  oon- 
sideration,  but  it  would  not  be  amiss  for  iltich  people 
to  inquire,  whether  a  temperature  of  IbO''  does  net 
press  both  heart  and  pulse  to  a  gallop  that  will  oany 
them  to  the  end  of  life'js  journey  sooner  than  they 
contemplated.     Some  learned  physiologists  assert^  that 
our  span  of  existence  is  regulated  by  the  number  of 
our  pulsations.    Be  this  as  it  may,  the  heart  that  beati 
the  fastest  does  not  generally  beat  the  longest. 

Doctor  Barter  says,  ^^  I  find  the  bath  highly  tooM^ 
and  the  rule  with  me  is,  to  put  weak  people  in  ofto^ 
as  I  find  that  the  action  of  temperature  is  fistyorable  to 
growth  and  nutrition."     A  hot-house  developee  plaati 


THE  TUBKI8H   BATH.  493 

faster  than  the  open  air,  but,  like  the  eastern  lily,  they 
soon  fade.  The  female  figure  attains  an  early  develope- 
xnent  under  an  eastern  sun,  and  fades  as  quickly.  An 
eastern  woman  loses  all  beauty  and  comeliness  before 
she  is  thirty.  We  have  women  who  are  beautiful  at 
forty,  and  comely  at  fifty. 

The  necessity  of  cleanliness,  and  the  comfort  of  a 
warm  bath,  are  questioned  by  no  one.  A  Turkish 
bath  may  also  prove  an  important  auxiliary  in  the  case 
of  various  complaints,  wlien  superintended  by  a  ekUful 
physician^  but  in  unskilled  hands,  or  in  those  of  an 
empiric,  it  is  positively  dangerous.  To  employ  it 
generally,  as  a  sort  of  panacea,  is  worse  than  absurd. 


€HAPTER  XXIII. 

BEFOBMA.TOBT  AT  TTPTOV  ^-BAITOOH -r  IKISHAHKOII  —  KUTBiU 
KILBBITAIN  0A8TLB  —  TIMOLBAQITB -<- DUNWOBLT  BIUM-^ 
OLOKAKILTY — DUBXABWAY  AND  81B  BZOKABD  OOZ— OABIIiB- 
TBBKB — B086CABBBBT — GLANBOBB — BAWKTsKHAM  ABD  TBB 
o'doBOYABS — CASTLE-T0WB8BBD— SKIBBBBBBB— BALTZKOmS 
AND  THB  o'dBISCOLLS — TUBX8 — FI8HBBIB8 — BAVTBT— Wm* 
BBN  COAST— O'SULLIYAN  AND  PUXLBY — ^XIBBS. 

Fhom  Cork  to  Bandon  is  twenty  miles  by  raiL  There 
is  a  branch  line  in  course  of  construction  from.  Ballin- 
hassig,  which  will  make  the  distance  from  Oork  to 
Kinsale  about  the  same  distance  as  from  Cotfc  to 
Bandon.  Near  Upton,  on  the  Bandon  linoi  is  the 
Cork  Beformatory,  established  under  21  and  22  Yict. 
cap.  103.  It  consists  of  a  plain  substantial  building 
on  the  hillside.  There  is  a  farm  of  112  aores^  in  oon- 
nexion  with  the  house,  which  provides  abundant  and 
wholesome  employment  for  the  inmates.  Judges  and 
magistrates  are  empowered  to  send  boys  under  rixteea 
years,  and  who  have  been  sentenced  to  imprisonment 
for  fourteen  days  and  upwards,  to  this  and  similar 
institutions,  and  to  direct  that  they  shall,  if  necessazji 
be  detained  for  a  period  not  less  than  three,  and  not 
exceediog  five  years.  The  parents  of  such  children  will 
be  obliged,  if  able,  to  subscribe  towards  their  suppofC 
and  training.     Cork  is  principally  indebted  to  the  en- 


core:  befobmatoht,  bandon.  495 

lightened  patriotism  of  the  Honorable  Judge  Ber- 
wick,*— whose  name  is  held  in  deserved  estimation  in 
this  county — for  the  erection  of  this  institution, 

Bandon  is  a  borough,  market,  and  post  towil,  on 
the  Bandon  river,  from  which  it  derives  its  name. 
It  was  first  called  Bandon-bridge.  It  formed  a  part 
of  the  grant  of  forfeited  estates  f  made  to  Fhaire 
Becher,  in  Elizabeth's  reign.  James  I.  granted  to 
Henry  Becher  the  privilege  of  a  Saturday's  market, 
and  two  fairs,  ^^  at  the  town  lately  built  on  the  south 
side  of  the  river  Bandon,  near  the  bridge."  In  the 
grant  made  to  Becher,  in  1612,  of  a  moiety  of  the  ter- 
ritory of  Kinalmeaky,  which  was  erected  into  the 
manor  of  '^  Castle  Mahowne,"  power  was  given  to  him 
and  his  heirs,  to  appoint  a  clerk  of  a  market,  in  the 
"  newly  erected  town  called  Bandon-bridge." 

These  grants  were  shortly  after  purchased  by  the 
first  Earl  of  Cork,  who  may  be  justly  styled  the 
founder  of  the  town.  Through  him,  the  Earls  of  Cork 
and  Shannon,  and  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  possess 
property  in  the  town  and  neighbourhood.  The  Earl 
of  Bandon  is  also  a  proprietor,  but  the  principal  part  of 
his  property  is  in  Kerry  and  in  the  western  part  of  the 
county.  The  Bernard  family  have  alwavs  been  esteemed 
good  landlords  and  kind  to  their  tenantry. 

The  following  extract  from  an  original  letter  written 
by  his  agent  to  the  Lord  Bandon,  of  April  23rd,  1793, 
preserved  among  the  papers  of  Wm.  T.  Crosbie,  Esq., 
of  Ardfert  Abbey,  county  Kerry,  will  afford  a  good 

*  Judge  Berwick,  in  speaking  of  the  South  Mall,  I  forgot  to  notice  the  new 
fonntain,  erected  at  the  cost  of  this  truly  kind  and  humane  gentleman. 

t  Forfeited  estates.  Phaire  Becher  got  12,000  acre^  at  a  penny  an  acre  See 
"  Table  of  Undertakers,  February,  1689,"  in  page  273  of  first  vol. 


496  lUSTORY   OP   CORK. 

idea  of  what  an   ^^  Irish  tenant  gala ''  was  at  the  close 
of  the  last  century : — 

*'  None  who  wero  not  tenants  did  I  invite,  except  those  named 
by  you,  viz.,  Father  Morgan  Flaherty,  Tim  M'Cktrthy,  Charles 
Casey,  Doctor  Leyne,  and  Father  Nelan,  son  to  Old  John.  Tliese 
I  asked  as  Catholics  particxdarly  attached  to  yon.  Had  I  gone  for* 
ther  I  must  either  have  excited  jealousy,  or  summoned  half  the 
country.  We  had  a  company  of  22  in  the  parlour,  of  whom  I  will 
send  you  a  list  next  post.  In  the  break&st-parlonr  there  was 
another  company  of  second  rate,  and  the  third  rate  dined  in  the 
tent  pitched  in  the  avenue  near  the  abbey.  In  the  parlour  your 
claret  was  made  free  with,  as  Stephen  teUs  me  he  opened  34  oottlea. 
In  the  breakfast-parlour  port  wine  and  rum-punch  were  supplied  in 
abundance,  and  abroad  large  libations  of  whiskey-punoh.  We  had 
two  quarter  casks  (above  80  gallons)  of  that  beverage,  made  the 
day  before,  which  was  drawn  off  unsparingly  for  those  abroadt  and 
plenty  of  beer  besides.  Two  patteraroes,  borrowed  ftom  Jaek 
Collis,  and  placed  on  the  top  of  the  abbey  tower,  announced  oar 
dinner,  toasts,  and  our  exultation.  Pipers  and  fiddlers  enlivened 
the  intervals  between  the  peals  of  the  ordnance.  The  Uay-nwn 
and  maids,  with  their  hobby  horse,  danced  most  oheerfollyv  and 
were  all  entertained  at  dinner,  and  with  drink  in  abundanee.  An 
ox  was  roasted  whole  at  one  end  of  the  turf  house,  on  a  large  aah 
beam,  by  way  of  a  spit,  and  turned  with  a  wheel  well  contriTed  bj 
Tom  0*Brien.  It  was  cut  up  from  thence,  and  divided  as  wanting. 
The  name  of  its  being  roasted  entire  was  more  than  if  two  oze^  had 
been  served  piecemeal.  Six  sheep  were  also  sacrificed  on  the  ooea- 
sion,  and,  in  short,  plenty  and  hospitality  graced  both  your  board 
and  your  sod ;  and  a  fine  serene  evening  favoured  happily  the  fffm 
and  hilarity  of  the  meeting.  All  was  happiness,  mirth,  and  good 
humour.  God  save  great  George  our  king  was  cheered  within  and 
abroad,  accompanied  with  fiddles,  pipes,  &c.,  &o.'' 

The  Bandonians  would  admit  of  no  piping  or  fiddling 
like  this.  "  In  this  town,"  says  Dr.  Smithy  writing  of 
Bandon,  in  1749,  ^^  there  is  not  a  Popish  inhabitant^ 
nor  will  the  townsmen  suffer  one  to  dwell  in  it^  not  a 


BANDOKy    CASTLE-BERNABD.  497 

piper  to  play  in  the  place,  that  being  the  music  used 
formerly  by  the  Irish  in  their  wars."  The  town,  at 
this  time,  could  raise  1,000  men  fit  for  arms.  The 
woollen  manufacture,  an  Irish  kade  which  William 
III.  was  petitioned  to  suppress,  and  which  he  fidthfiilly 
promised  to  discourage,  once  flourished  here.  The 
trade  has  now  altogether  left  our  shores,  while  the 
manufacture  of  linen  has  departed  to  the  north,  and 
with  it  the  growth  of  flax. 

There  are  two  parish  churches  in  this  town — Kil- 
brogan  and  Ballymodan.  The  latter  contains  a  fine 
old  monument,  erected  to  Francis  Bernard,  Justice  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Fleas,  with  this  inscription : — 

Eranois  Bebkahd,  EsaxJiBB, 

OBUT  JUNE  29TK,   1781, 

^TATIB  BVX  68. 

A  beautiful  new  church,  in  the  purest  Gothic,  has 
been  lately  erected  on  the  site  of  the  old  church  of 
Ballymodan.  The  foundation  was  laid  on  the  9th  of 
March,  1847,  by  the  Earl  of  Bandon,  who  subscribed 
^500  towards  its  re- erection.  To  aid  the  building  of 
the  former  edifice,  the  first  Earl  of  Cork  says,  (in  his 
Diary,  Sept.  10th,  1614,)  "1  gave  my  yeare's  rent  of 
my  p'sonadge  of  Ballymodane,  as  a  help  towards  the 
bwylding  of  the  new  church  at  Bandon-bridge."  The 
present  new  church  was  not  built  before  it  was  re- 
quired. There  are  about  1,400  Protestants  in  the 
parish  of  Ballymodan. 

About  a  mile  to  the  south-west  of  the  town  is  Castle 
Bernard,*  the  splendid  mansion  and  noble  park  of  the 

*  Ocutl^  Bernard. — ^*  Six  miles  west  of  Bandon,  a  little  east  of  Iniskean,  is 
Palace* Anne,  a  handBome,  large,  well-built  house  of  Roger  Bernard,  Esq,  with 


L 


498  HISTORY  OF   COBK. 

Earls  of  Bandon.  The  more  modem  residenoe,  built 
by  Judge  Bernard,  is  incorporated  with  the  old  fortalioe 
of  Castle  Mahon,  the  seat  of  the  O'Mahonys. 

The  Bandon  river  discharges  itself  into  the  sea  at 
Kinsale.  The  passage  of  this  river  through  the  glen, 
near  the  pretty  town  of  InishannoUi  is  very  beautiful. 
The  new  Protestant  church  in  this  town  or  village,  is 
a  very  fine  structure.  Inishannon  was  formerly 
walled,  and  a  place  of  some  note.  In  this  neighbour- 
hood are  the  foundations  of  several  castles.  Kilg^bban 
Castle,  on  the.  river  Bandon,  built  by  Mac  Carthy ; 
Downdaniel  Castle,  built  by  Barry  Oge  in  1476|  at  tiie 
confluence  of  the  Bnnny  and  Bandon  rivera;  and 
Carriganassig. 

From  Inishannon  to  Elinsale  the  river  runs  through 
a  rich  loamy  soil,  its  banks  here  and  there  clothed  with 
rich  foliage,  still  j  ustifying  Spenser's  description  of 

*^  The  pleasant  Bandon,  erowned  with  many  a  wood." 

Here  also  are  the  ruins  of  old  castles  and  mansioDs^ 
the  principal  of  which  is  Foul-na-long,  or  Hup-peol| 
belonging  to  the  Boches,  which  was  taken  by  the  men 
of  Bandon  in  1642,  by  which  means  they  opened  a 
correspondence  with  Einsale.  In  the  churoh-yard  of 
the  parish  of  Dunderrow,  within  three  miles  of  Kinaale^ 
is  a  monument,  with  an  inscription : — "  To  the  memory 
of  Edward  Roche,  Esquire,  of  Trabolgan,  and  his  wife, 
Mrs.  Mary  Archdeacon,  of  M  onkstown,  who  both  died 
in  the  same  hour,  on  the  23rd  of  January,  1711." 
The  seaport  town  of  Xinsale  derives  its  name  ftom 

kitchen  and 
"  Iniakeen, 
Bfoile  More 


TOWN  OF  EIN8ALB.  499 

Ceann-sailej  "  the  head  of  the  sea."  The  promontorf 
which  juts  out  about  six  milea  to  the  south-east^  is 
called  the  Old  Head  of  Kinsale.  Here  was  an  aooient 
eucampuieut,*  on  the  site  of  which  stand  therainB  of 
a  De  Courcy  castle.  Miles  de  Cooroy,  son  of  the 
celebrated  John  do  Oouroy,  married  a  De  Cogan,  and 
built  a  castle  on  the  Old  Head.  The  Ordnance  map 
has  a  *'  church  in  ruins  "  near  Bandy  Cove,  on  the  old 
head.  The  Ber.  John  H.  Hopkins,  Bector  of  Kinsale, 
says: — "The  churoh  is  built  of  unhewn  stone,  and 
mortar  made  from  bnmed  shells.  The  building  is 
oblong,  measuring  about  thirty-five  feet  by  twenty. 
It  was  entered  by  a  low  narrow  door  in  the  western 
gable,  and  lighted  by  slits  like  those  in  the  staircase 
of  an  old  castle,  two  of  which  remain.  The  Gastem 
gable  is  surmoanted  by  a  rudely  constructed  circular 
archjf  and  slightly  bayed ;  the  other  is  also  bayed,  and 
surmounted  by  a  flat  atone.  The  ruin  ib  known  as  the 
church  of  Courtmather." 

Kinsale  is  one  of  the  oldest  corporate  towns  in  Ire- 
land. The  preamble  of  the  charter,  7  of  Edward  III. 
says,  "  the  town  was  surrounded  by  Irish  enemies  and 
English  rebels,  and  that  the  burgesses  had  always 
obeyed  the  king's  orders  in  repelling  the  same,  who 
had  often,  by  sea  and  land,  assailed  the  town."  The 
power  of  choosing  a  sovereign  or  mayor  wqs  granted 
by  this  charter,  for  their  loyalty.      Bat  Kinsale  did 

■  An  ancient  tneaapmenl. — "  Thit  place,  in  ancient  KDOrii,  ii  uid  to  hsTS 
be«n  a  royal  seat  of  the  kings  of  Ireland,  beiag  called  Dun-EeanBa." — SmiWi 
Mulery  of  Cork,  vol.  i.,  p.  *«. 

t  Oirtular  arch. — Doctoi  Petrie  gives  seTeral  eiamplei  in  hli  leamid  woA  on 
£ccleeiastical  Aichitectuie,  to  ebewUiatwe  bate  no  example  of  the  use  of  thaarah 
or  lime  cement  as  earlj  as  the  nith  eentuty.^ — Jketor  Biiri^t  Seimd  "Rictrt,  pp. 
127-133. 


500  raSTORY   OF   CORK. 

not  always  preserve  its  loyalty  intact.  It  countenanced 
the  pretensions  of  Lambert  Simnel,  and  was  therefore 
visited  by  the  Earl  of  Eildare  with  five  ships  and  600 
men,  and  obliged,  in  1488,  to  renew  its  oath  of  alle- 
giance to  Henry  YII.  The  following  certificate  of 
the  bravery  of  William  Loggan,  captain  of  a  king's 
ship  is  interesting  : — 

''August  3,  1545.  Certificate  by  the  soyereign  and  prineipal 
inhabitants  of  Kinsale,  stating  the  gallant  conduct  of  Williani  Log- 
gan,  captain  of  the  king's  ship  called  the  Murderer^  which  was 
captured  by  a  French  ship,  off  Kinsale,  July  6th,  1545.  The 
Murderer y  which  was  a  Scotes  ship  in  tyme  past,  was  taken  bj 
Fransmene  *  upon  the  king's  coast,  and  by  the  haven  moatb  of  his 
majesty's  toune  of  Kinsale.  The  said  Wyllame  manly  fimght 
against  the  said  Frenshmene,  where  was  no  more  with  hym,  that 
stand,  as  we  are  informed,  save  x  [ten]  men.  After  his  pnner  and 
part  of  his  men  was  kylle,  said  Wyllame  fought  stiU  manbf^  and 
worshipfully,  and  so  kylle  certayn  of  said  Franshmen,  Tlie  ^M 
Wyllame  Logane,  and  so  many  as  stood  with  hym»  lep  out  in  one 
of  the  shipis  bott,  [boat,]  and  so  say  his  lyff."— Oniiniiftir  ^SimU 
Papers,  1509-1573,  jp.  72. 

In  June  30th,  1535,  Philip  Boche,  merdhant  of 
Elinsale,  sends  *^  two  falcons,  three  merlons,  a  spanow- 
hawk,  and  two  grey-hounds  "  to  Crumwell,  the  minister 
of  Henry  YIII.,  by  one  Davy  Shihan,  (Sheehan)  ''  to 
pray  his  help  to  get  the  patent  for  Einsale  renewed, 
and  to  have  the  king's  gift  of  cooket  to  mRinfft^n  the 
walls  of  Xinsale."  It  is  then  added  the  same  patent 
[the  old  patent]  was  sent  last  year,  by  the  oonndl  and 
commons  of  Kinsale.— Cbfewrfar  of  Utate  Papers  from 
1509-1573,/;.  13. 

♦K-.  *  ^«'»«»<T  "''^"  P»P«r  ia  a  curious  iptcimen  of  tii«  different  wave  ia  whkk 
«1^®  ^yy!^  or  name,  was  spelled  in  the  same  document.  The  w^  Fiwci- 
men  u  spelled  "iVa«wa»i^,"  ^^  lYmmMhrnem,-  and  <«  jR^NtAeNN."  It  «di 
seem  as  u  the  brare  townsmen  of  Einsale  studied  varietp  in  spdling. 


TOWK  OF  KINSALE.  601 

For  the  account  of  the  Spanish  landing  at  this  port, 
under  the  command  of  Don  Jnan  de  Aqnila,  and  the 
consequent  siege  and  battle,  between  Moun^'oy  and 
Hugh  O'Neil,  we  refer  the  reader  to  the  previous  pages 
of  this  history.  For  this  rebellion,  if  we  may  call  it 
such,  the  town  of  Xinsale  was  supposed  to  have  for- 
feited^ its  charter. 

Prince  Maurice,  the  nephew  of  the  ill-fitted  Charles 
I.,  entered  the  harbour  of  Einsale  at  the  end  of  January, 
1649,  and  his  brother,  Prince  Bupert,  with  sixteen 
ships,  displaying  black  jacks  for  the  murdered  king, 
on  the  10th  of  February.  Oliver  Cromwell  visited 
Kinsale,  either  in  the  December  of  the  same  year,  or 
in  January,  1650,  when  he  handed  over  the  keys,  with 
which  he  had  been  presented,  to  Colonel  Stubber.  (See 
page  110.)  James  II.  entered  this  harbour,  with  a 
French  fleet  and  army,  the  12th  of  March,  1689.  The 
Earl  (afterwards  Duke)  of  Marlborough  came  here 
the  2nd  of  October,  1690,  and  Major-General  Tettau, 
and  Colonel  Fitzpatrick,  on  the  3rd,  when  they  took 
the  old  and  new  forts,  and  Bingrone  Castle.  These 
were  the  last  and  most  important  political  and  warlike 
events  connected  with  this  old  corporate  town- 

The  old  corporation  or  government,  by  a  sovereign 
and  burgesses,  no  longer  exists.  It  comes  under  the 
new  Irish  Municipal  and  Corporation  Act,  and  is 
governed  by  Town  Commissioners,  who,  I  find  by  the 
public  papers,  have  just  disposed  of  the  mace  and  other 
insignia  of  the  old  corporation  by  public  auction. 

''  The  insignia  of  this  ancient  corporation  were  put  ap  to  public 
auction,  last  week,  by  the  Town  Commissioners.  They  consisted 
of  a  mace,  punch-bowl,  and  ladle,  all  silver.  The  two  latter  articles 


502  HISTOBT  OF  CORK. 

were  purchased  by  some  of  the  resident  gentry.  The  maoe,  the 
most  interesting  relic  of  the  whole,  was  knocked  down  to  the  Ber. 
Dr.  Neligan,  Rector  of  St.  Mary's  Shandon.  It  is  very  heasTj^ 
weighing  79f  ounces  of  old  hall-marked  silver.  It  is  about  three 
feet  nine  inches  in  length,  and  screws  into  two  parts  for  the  ooa- 
yenience  of  carriage  or  packing.  It  has  the  ancient  arms  of  Kiiwali» 
engraved  on  the  sides." — Cork  Daily  Reporter^  May  18, 1861* 

They  might  have  parted  with  the  pundh-bowi  and 
ladle,  but  to  sell  the  old  mace  was  in  very  bad  taste 
indeed.  It  is  more  than  bad  taste;  it  is  a  flin  and 
sacrilege,  against  those  old  and  hallowed  fbelingSi 
which  form  the  basis  of  what  we  style  true 


'•;in-  nni;iH 


''  Is  there  a  man  with  soul  so  dead, 
Who  neyer  to  himself  has  said, 

This  M  mff  own,  my  native  Umit 
Whose  heart  hath  ne'er  within  him  bnni'd. 
As  home  his  footsteps  he  hath  tnm'd, 
From  wandering  on  a  foreign  strand." 

The  town  is  pleasantly  situated,  near  the  sea.  The 
old  houses,  climbing  the  sides  of  the  hill%  have  a 
picturesque  appearance.  The  barrack,  containing  ao- 
commodation  for  600  men,  stands  on  a  fine  eminenoe. 
Charles  Fort,*  mounting  six  24  and  six  32  poundera, 
commands  the  entrance  of  the  harbour.  On  tbe 
tongue  of  land,  round  which  the  Bandon  riyer  windSi 
we  have  the  outlines  of  the  old  fort,  with  its  onrtainB 
and  counterscarps,  that  giye  a  very  correct  idea  of 
Spanish  engineering  and  fortification  in  the  daya-of 
our  Elizabeth,  and  Philip,  King  of  Spain. 

The  general  shipping  trade  of  the  town  ia  inoenr- 
siderable.  Vessels  drawing  more  than  10  feet  cannot 
cross  the  bar  at  low  water.     The  usual  anchorage  is 

«  CharUt  Forty  so  called  in  honor  of  Charles  II.    It  was  begun  in  1670^  nd 
completed  at  the  cost  of  £73,000.    It  then  mounted  100  pieoea  of  ' 
carrying  from  a  24  to  a  42  pound  bell. 


KINSALE  AND   KILBRITAIN.  503 

off  the  village  of  Cove ;  but  the  river  Bandon  is  navi- 
gable for  12  miles — ^to  Odliei^s  Quay — ^for  vessels  of 
about  200  tons. 

Fish  is  the  staple  trade  of  Eiusale.  .  Sprats  and 
herrings  are  taken  in  seines,  within  the  bay^  as  £Eir  as 
the  Old  Head ;  haddock,  maokarel|  turbot,  gurnet,  cod, 
ling,  hake  and  conger  eels,  in  &e  open  sea,  and  salmon 
in  the  river. 

The  fishermen  and  their  families  live  On  the  outskirts 
of  the  town,  called  Scilly,  05  the  "  World's  End." 
They  were  originally  English,  who  came  over  in  Queen 
Elizabeth's  time.  Dr.  Smith  says,  "  They  never  marry 
out  of  the  village,  so  that  they  are  all  related  to  each 
other."  He  quotes  the  following  lines  as  descriptive 
of  their  fishing  village  :— 

**  And  on  tbe  broken  payement,  here  and  there. 
Doth  many  a  stinkitig  sprat  and  herring  lie ; 
A  brandy  and  tobacco  shop  is  near, 
And  hens,  and  hogs,  and  dogs,  are  feeding  by ; 
And  here  a  sailor's  jacket  hangs  to  dry." 

About  four  miles  south-west  of  Kinsale  is  Kilbri- 
tain,  or  Cill-Britain,  once  described  as  "  a  fair  town  in 
the  barony  of  Carbery  and  county  of  Cork."  Kilbri- 
tain  is  the  residence  of  Lieut«-Colonel  Alcock  Stawell. 
Here  stood  an  old  castle,  erected  by  Sir  John  de 
Courcy,  of  Kinsale-  There  is  a  story  that  he  pawned 
it  to  Mac  Carthy  Beagh  for  a  white  weazle ;  that  the 
weazle  died,  and  Mac  Carthy  retained  the  castle.  De 
Courcy  was  afterwards  slain  by  Mac  Carthy,  in  the 
island  of  Inchidonny,  in  the  harbour  of  Clonakilty,  in 
1295.  We  tell,  in  volume  i.,  page  148,  how  young 
Gerald,  of  Kildare,  the  brother  of  Silken  Thomas  and 


604  HISTOBT  OF   COBK. 

the  Fair  Oeraldine,  sought  refuge  here,  and  how  Manns 
O'Donnell,  who  married  his  aunt,  attempted  to  betiay 
him. 

To  the  south-east  of  £ilbritain  in  Coofanaine  GasUe, 
the  seat  of  the  Hoiu)rable  Colonel  Bernard.  The  old 
castle  was  possessed  by  the  men  of  Bandon  in  1642, 
and  kept  in  English  hands  ever  since. 

About  four  miles  to  the  west  of  Coolmaine  u  the 
village  or  small  post  town  of  Timoleagne,  where  it  is 
probable  St.  Molaga  had  a  house  or  cell.*  The  Four 
Masters  say  the  monastery  for  Franciscan  fnan  was 
founded  in  1240,  <'  by  Mao  Carthy  Beagh,  Lord  of 
Carbery,  and  his  own  tomb  was  erected  in  the  friary. 
In  this  monastery  also,  Barrymore,  (VMahony  of 
Carbery,  and  the  Baron  Courcy  are  interred."  Here 
also  are  the  tombs  of  the  O'Cullananes,  the  O'Dono- 
vans,  the  Deasys,  and  the  O'Heas. 

About  five  miles  south  of  Timoleagne,  on  the  shore 
to  the  west  of  the  Seven-Heads,  is  Dnnworly  Say,  so 
famous  for  its  Irish  Beads.  The  Bev.  Br.  NeligaOi  of 
Cork,  found  some  hundreds  of  these  beads,  of  TBxioiis 
colors,  on  the  strand.  For  an  account  of  them,  see 
Papers  Kilkenny  Archoeohgieal  Society^  vol.  ii.,  pp.  69- 
61,  new  series.  It  has  been  suggested  that  they  wen 
used  for  devotional  purposes  at  Timoleagne  Abbey. 
Some  suspect  they  are  of  more  ancient  origin  and  use; 
We  learn  from  another  paper  of  the  Kilkenny  Areh- 
sBological  Society,  (vol.  i.,  p.  149,  new  series,)  that 
Lord  Londesborough  has  an  amber  bead,  mieribti 
with  an  Ogham.     The  following  passage  from  DoeCor 

•  ^(Mtftf  or  0ff0.~Timoleague-— 2]MMA-Jfo&^a--<*  Thf  hoiiM  of  MolagiL^  lUi 
;:aint  was  a  Dative  of  Fermoy,  in  which  distriet  he  founded  a  monaitAiy. 


DUNWORLY  BEADS.  505 

Smith's  History  of  Corky  (vol.  li.,  p.  406,)  gives  some 
significance  to  the  Dunworly  beads.  "  In  the  barony 
of  Ibowne,  in  a  place  called  Dunworly,  on  a  high  cliff» 
is  one  of  these  caverns,  which  the  force  of  the  sea  has 
worked  about  half-way,  so  that  the  cavity  hangs  over 
the  precipice,  and  is  quite  exposed."  Here,  he  says, 
is  one  of  these  ^^  works  of  stone,  which  the  Irish  name 
coharas."  He  describes  another  at  Bosscarbery.  "  The 
roof  of  each  cell  consisted  of  a  Gothic  arch,  formed  of 
stiff  clay."  He  next  quotes  the  Sev.  Mr.  Marmaduke 
Cox,  who,  writing  in  1765,  describes  another  in  the 
parish  of  AghabuUoge,  with  fifteen  chambers  and  five 
hundred  skeletons. 

After  making  all  due  allowance  for  exaggeration 
here,  and  reducing  the  five  hundred  skeletons  to  fifty,  or, 
if  the  reader  wishes,  to  five,  there  is  something  more  left 
than  a  mere  urkbra  or  shadow.  There  were  three  skulls, 
and  one  ^*  more  perfect  and  clean  "  than  the  rest,  with 
"  teeth  very  regular  and  distinct,"  and  a  "  beautiful 
carved  wood  comb,"  that  may  have  passed  through 
beautiful  hair.  A  string  of  beads  would  crown  this 
lady's  toilet.  But  beads  and  ornaments  of  various 
kinds  are  often  found  in  the  sepulchres  of  the  dead. 
Now,  if  the  Dunworly  caveni  may  be  ranked  as  sepul- 
chral, and  if  it  was  ''  quite  exposed^^^  as  Dr.  Smith  says, 
to  the  sea,  which  had  "  worked  about  half  wap^^  into 
it,  is  it  unlikely  the  Dunworly  beads,  which  Doctor 
Neligan  picked  up  among  the  sand,  were  washed  out  of 
it  ?  The  Kilkenny  Arehceological  Journal^  (vol.  ii.,  p.  8, 
new  series,)  contains  an  illustration  of  a  very  curious 
glass  bead,  found  at  Ballintlea,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
from  the  Bath  of  Ballinaclough,  in  the  Queen's  County* 

VOL.  u.  33 


506  HISTORY  OF   CORK. 

To  the  south  of  Timoleague  is  Abbey  Mahon,*  and 
the  ruins  of  a  monastery,  founded  by  Benardine  monkSy 
and  near  the  mouth  of  Clonakilty  harbour,  Courtmao- 
sherry,  a  house,  built  by  Hodnett,  an  Englishinani  who 
came  from  Shropshire,  and  assumed  the  Irish  name  of 
Sherry,  or  Mac  Sherry. 

Inchidonny  Island  lies  in  the  mouth  of  Clanakilty 
Bay.  By  an  inquisition  held  in  Ck)rk,  (Not.  4,  1584,) 
it  was  escheated,  for  want  of  heirs,  to  the  crown.  It 
is  now  the  property  of  Thomas  Hungerfordy  Esquire. 
The  Hungerfords  are  the  descendants  of  yery  noble 
ancestors.  Sir  Thomas  Eungerford  was  Speaker  of 
the  English  Commons  in  1398 ;  his  son,  Walteti  Lord 
Hungerford,  fought  under  Henry  Y.  at  Aginoonrti 
where  he  took  the  Duke  of  Orleans  prisoner.  He  was 
Lord  High  Treasurer  under  Henry  YL  The  fiunily 
came  to  the  county  Cork  in  1640  or  1641|  where  they 
got  Tarious  grants  of  land.    ' 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  Surrey  Book  f 
of  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  county  of  Cork,  found  in  Dive 
Downes'  Diary : — 

"  The  Island  of  Inchidonny,  als.  the  Isle  of  Man,  the  duct 
greeves  of  Carhoo-Duffee,  on  the  north  of  the  said  island,  and  tht 
three  greeves  of  Kineene,  lying  on  the  north  west  patt  of  tlie  ssid 
island,  in  the  diocese  of  Rosse  and  county  of  Corke,  aet  to  Bkksri 
Hungerford/' 

•  Abbey  Mahon.  The  eighteen  ploughlancLi,  in  the  ptriik  of  Abber  XaliB 
were  granted  to  the  abbey  by  Lord  Barry,  bnt  the  abbey  waa  ■«¥»  flafrtrff,  wk 
at  the  dissolution  of  religious  houses  the  property  was  seized  by  the  ecowa. 

f  Survey  Book,  "  In  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  eoimij  of  Coite  a* 
three  books,  each  of  them  containing  an  account  of  the  lamdain  theaofwal  iMHsii* 
of  the  said  county  Corke.  There  are  also  two  other  books  in  his  OHtod|y,  t^ 
taining  copies  of  the  presentments  made  by  Orand  Jnriei.  The  oiiaiBal  vntf^ 
mcnts  are  kept  by  the  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Crown  for  Om  eooaty  of  (kA,  ii* 
chest,  in  his  lodgings  in  Corke."— Dim  Downeif  Limy. 


CLONAKIITT  AND  IKOttlDONNT.  607 

Clonakilty  ia  a  post  and  market  town,  twelve  miles 
from  Bandon  and  thirty-two  miles  fh>m  Cork.  It  is 
governed  by  town  oommissioaers.  It  was  formerly 
governed  by  a  sovereign  and  burgesses,  like  Einsale.  * 
It  was  a  borough  towD,  and  sent  members  to  tlie  Irish 
parliament.  It  was  inoorporated  in  2nd  of  James  I., 
through  the  interest  of  the  Earl  of  Cork.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  in  1641,  the  lEnglisli 
settlers  in  Clonakilty  fled  en  masse  to  Bandon,  whioh 
was  a  walled  town.  Lord  Forbes,  a  Scottish  nobleman, 
who  had  served  with  distinction  under  Qastavns  Adol<- 
phuB,  marched  to  the  relief  of  Clonakilty,  where  he  left 
two  companies  of  Scotch  troops,  and  some  Bandon 
militia,  and  pressed  on  to  Bath-Barry.  The  Irish  rose 
in  his  absence,  and  cut  off  the  Scotch  regiments,  the 
Bandon  men  making  good  their  retreat  to  an  old  fort 
near  Boss,  where  they  maintained  their  ground  till 
reinforced  by  Lord  Forbes.  The  Irish  retreated,  and 
made  for  Inchidonny,  in  Clonakilty  harbour,  but  the 
tide  coming  in,  a  number  of  them  were  drowned.  On 
Lord  Forbes'  return  to  the  town,  he  found  some  of  the 
English  settlers  imprisoned  in  the  market-house,  who 
firmly  believed  they  were  to  be  burned  alive,  as  a  feu 
dejoie  for  the  victory  of  the  Irish  over  the  Scotch. 

A  very  good  classical  school  was  established  here  in 
1808,  by  the  Earl  of  Shannon,  who  assigned  a  fine 
house  and  some  land  towards  its  support.  Here  that 
pure  and  noble-minded  lady,  Miss  Donovan,  established 
a  female  school  in  connexion  with  the  Nationnl  Board, 
which  was  a  model  for  the  whole  county,  and  did  much 
for  the  moral  and  social  advancement  of  the  females  of 
the  town  and  neighbourhood,  where  the  influence  of 


508  HISTOHT   OF   CORK. 

her  good  works  and  noble  nature  will  be  long  felt. 
The  Bey.  Doctor  Collins,  B.C.  Bishop  of  Cloyne  and 
Boss,  who  was  examined  by  a  committee  of  tli^  House 
of  Commons  on  the  state  of  the  poor  of  Ireland,  and 
the  author  of  several  tracts  on  the  same  subject,  was 
born  in  Clonakilty.  It  is  also  the  birth-place  of  the 
Bight  Hon.  Bickard  Deasy,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  Barons 
of  the  Exchequer,  who  was  member  for  this  county 
from  1855  to  1860. 

Ten  miles  north-east  of  Clonakilty,  is  Dunmanway,* 
styled  by  Doctor  Smith,  a  pleasant  thriying  little 
town.  It  is  a  market  and  post  town,  in  the  parish  of 
Fanlobbus.  It  consists  of  one  street,  of  about  half-a- 
mile  in  length.  There  is  a  Protestant  churoh,  a  Gatholio 
chapel,  and  a  Methodist  meeting-house  in  this  town. 
The  Commissioners  of  the  National  Board  f  have 
established  a  model  school  here.  The  town  of  Don- 
manway  is  intimately  associated  with  the  name  of  Sir 
Biohard  Cox,  the  historian  and  Irish  Lord  Chancellor. 
We  learn  from  his  "  Autobiography,"  edited  by  Ifr. 
Caulfield,  that  Sir  Bichard  Cox  was  born  in  BandoDi 
the  25th  of  March,  1650.  His  grandfather  came  from 
Wiltshire,  and  settled  at  Eilworth,  ^^and  bora  his 
share  in  the  calamity  of  1641."  His  fEtther,  a  ''yeiy 
strong  and  valiant  person,"  a  captain  in  Major-Gtonend 
Jephson's  regiment  of  horse,  was  murdered  by  CSaptain 
Norton,  who  stabbed  him  with  a  pen-knife  as  fbof 

•  Dun-fia-m-beann,  or  "  Fort  of  Gables,"  now  anglioiied  into  DiaiMttWifc. 
The  castle  was  built  in  1607,  by  Catherine,  the  daughter  of  Thonm  of  PrughtH; 

eighth  Earl  of  Desmond,  "  a  truly  hospitable  woman." 

t  National  Board.    The  number  of  children  on  the  roll  of  Halioml 
in  this  county,  on  the  81st  Deeember,  1869,  was— Catholioi,  l7»Miff; 
of  all  denominations,  616.    The  numbers  in  the  prorince  it  Mii_ 
Catholics,  40,092 ;  TrotcstaDts,  1974.    Total  of  all  denominaticmty  61|( 


era.  bichabb  cor.  609 

\rcre  walking  together.  Hie  mother,  "-an  ingeniouB 
and  pretty  hlaok  woman,"  waa  daughter  to  Walter 
Bird,  "  thrioe  sovereigQ,  and  along  time  Beoorder  of 
Clonakilty."  She  had  been  married  before,  bnt  her 
former  husband,  Captain  Batten,  was  killed  at  the 
Biege  of  Dnngarran.  She  did  not  l<mg  sorriTe  the 
second  calamity,  but,  "  through  greef,  fell  into  con- 
sumption, and  died  the  following  winter."  Eiohard 
Cos's  uncle,  John  Bird,  took  care  of  the  future  Lord 
Chancellor,  and  sent  him  to  school  to  Thomas  Barry, 
of  Clonakilty,  where  he  made  some  progress  in  classics, 
rhetoric,  logic,  and  physics.  He  attributes  his  succesa 
in  life  to  his  honesty.     Let  us  hear  his  account  of  it : 

"The  rise  of  my  (brtime  BpruQg  from  a  principle  of  honesty,  and' 
I  thank  God  I  can  truly  say,  that  from  my  infancy,  I  have  had  a 
great  r^^rd  for  religion,  sincerity,  and  virtue.  I  owed  a  cob,* 
which,  by  driblets,  I  had  lost  at  the  track-table,  and  beins  dunned 
for  it,  I  stole  one  from  my  uncle,  but  being  checked  by  my  prin- 
ciple, I  restored  it  immediately,  and  resolved  to  take  some  lawful 
coarse  to  pay  that  debt,  and  fonuBh  myself  with  mora  money." 

His  uncle  bound  him  to  an  attorney,  at  which  pro- 
fession he  made  money  enough  to  keep  himself  in  good 
clothes  and  good  company,  and  finally  to  go  to  England, 
where  he  met  the  Earl  of  Cork,  who  was  very  kind  to 
him.  He  returned  from  England  the  llth  of  January, 
1673,  came  to  Bandon,  bis  birth-place,  and,  by  hia 
uncle's  advice,  married  Mary  Bourne,  she  being  fifteen 
and  he  not  fully  twenty-four.  "This  was  the  rock  I 
had  like  to  split  upon,  for  though  she  proved  a  very 
good  wife,  yet  being  disappointed  in  her  portion,  which 
was  ill  paid  by  her  mother,  and  in  driblets,  and  from 

'  Chh,  a  Spaniih  rii  or  eroM-dolUr,  weighing  17  dwt.,  nd  nlued  »t  4»  9d. 


510  HISTORY   OF   COBK. 

whom  I  received  other  unkindnesses,  I  retired  into  the 
country,  and  lived  at  Clonakilty  for  seven  years,  but 
very  plentifully  and  pleasantly." 

After  this  he  becomes  Beeorder  of  Kinsale^  and 
makes  £500  a-year  of  his  practice.  Here  he  made  the 
acquaintance  of  Sir  Bobert  Southwell,  Secretary  of 
State  to  King  William.  He  became  one  of  Sir  Bobert's 
private  secretaries,  and  by  his  influence  was  advanced 
to  the  position  of  second  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Fleas,  from  which  he  managed  to  climb  to  the  Irish 
woolsack. 

Dunmanway  owes  everything  to  Sir  Biohard  Cox, 
who  established  an  English  colony  here,  made  new 
roads  and  removed  the  parish  church  *  into  his  new 
town. 

Here  Sir  Bichard  established  the  manufiuAare  of 
linen,  diapers,  fustians,  and  giftwebs.  He  gave  a 
house  rent  free  to  the  man  who,  through  the  year,  had 
made  the  best  and  greatest  quantity  of  linen,  and  had 
the  following  inscription,  in  gold  letters,  placed  over 
his  door :  — 

"  DATITR    DIONIOBI  : 
Tilts  House  is  rentfree^  for  the  superior  industry  of  the  Pdeeeuor" 

The  following  description  of  the  industry  and  pros* 
perity,  which  once  prevailed  in  this  thriving  little  towii, 
is  well  worthy  of  record : — 

**  Sir  Richard  also  gave  premiums  to  the  apprantiees  and  k 
ncymen,  and  to  the  girls  of  the  spinning  aohool,  acoording  to 
merits.    Those  who  bought  and  sold  the  greatest  quantitY  of 
cloth  manufactured  in  this  country,  at  the  &di  of  this  placet 

«  Tiarith  ehureh. — The  prefl«iit  new  church  of  Fanlobbiis  wtf  ersoM  in  18f  I, 
at  a  cost  of  £1,000. 


DtTNUANWAT,  CASTLB-FIUiKB.  fill 


'     prcmiumB  ako ;  and  bo  greatly  haa  this  maimfootiire  L 

its  first  settlement  in  this  country,  but  a  very  finr  jrean  ago,  that  in 
1748  thero  were,  by  a  moderate  eompntation,  400  lu^sheada  Af  flax 
seed  aown  on  this  side  of  the  county. 

"  But  its  effects  will  still  appear  in  a  etrongcr  light,  ttotn  tho 
increase  of  the  number  of  hoiues  and  inhabitants  in  Dnnmanway. 
In  1 735  there  were  not  more  than  60  very  iadiflbvnt  houses,  13 
□ot  iababited,  or  by  be^ars  only,  and  30  by  people  who  were  fiir 
the  most  part  poor  and  idle,  for  want  of  employment.  la  May, 
1747,  there  were  67  housra,  which  contained  250  Protestants  and 
807  Papists,  in  all  557.  There  were  reckoned  tn  the  town  87  flax 
wheels  and  51  woollen  wheels.  In  May,  1749,  the  honses  were 
increased  to  117,  containing  405  Protestants  and  402  Papists,  in  all 
607.  In  all  the  houses  there  were  226  flax  wheels  and  22  woollen 
wheels,  besides  those  of  the  spinning  school.  On  the  first  of  May, 
Sir  Richard  annually  appointed  a  review  of  all  the  wheels,  on  a 
pretty  green  near  the  town,  which  makes  no  inelegant  entertain- 
ment, to  see  so  many  young  creatures  rescued  from  want,  idleness, 
and  misery,  decked  out  in  decent  apparel,  earned  by  their  own  in- 
dustr}- ;  and  to  countenance  this  review,  the  young  ladies  of  the 
best  distinction  exhibited  their  skill  in  spinning  in  this  public 
assembly." 

Sir  Richard  Cox  died  the  3rd  of  May,  1733,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-three. 

To  the  south-west  of  Clonakilty  is  Castle-Freke,  the 
Doble  residence  and  beantiful  park  of  Lord  Carbery. 
It  was  formerly  called  Hath-Bany,  from  an  aaoient 
fortalice,  of  the  Barrys,  which  stood  here.  It  was  in 
tlic  possession  of  Sir  John  Freke,  baronet,  when  Bmith 
wrote  his  history.  The  present  Lord  Carbery  is  de- 
scended from  George  Evans,*  who  was  created  Baron 
Carbery,  of  Carbery,  in  1716.     His  aeoond  eon,  John, 

•  George  Evani.   "  The  familT  of  Eratii  claim  deioant  from  Eljitan  Olodrjdd, 

/    rrincc  Fferlys,  founder  of  the  IV.  Eojral  Tnbes.    In  the  liiteenth  century  tiro  of 

1     the  fuTDily  settled  in  IreUod.    John  Eruu,  ancestor  of  the  Lordi  Cubrar;  and 

'      R.>b«rt  Kvaae,  from  wjiom  deiivet  the  bmily  of  E>eni  of  Bajmonnt,  Owm^ 

Dublin,  and  Kobinsloim,  Conntj  Wwtmwth."— .flurfa'j  Fttragi. 


BOSSCAABBRT,  BUTDUFF. 

I 

"  There,  ftUo,  vliera  the  winged  ihip*  w«ie  leen, 
In  liquid  ir&Tei  to  cut  their  fbunj  wif. 
And  thousand  flihen,  nnmbeied  to  hare  been, 
To  that  wide  lake,  looking  for  plenteoui  jmf, 
Of  flsh,  which  they  with  but  nud  to  hetray, 
Ib  now  no  Uke,  nor  any  flahei')  ■tore, 
Nor  ever  ehip*  ahall  nil  then  an;  nun 

This  Rnciect  cathedral  town  was  formerly  called 
Eoss-Alithri,  the  *'  Wood  of  the  Pilgrims."  The  cathe- 
dral is  said  to  have  heen  founded,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
sixth  century,  by  St.  Faohnan  Mongaoh,  "  the  Hairy," 
who  had  been  Abbot  of  Molana,  a  monastery  on  an 
island  in  the  Blackwater,  near  Toughal.  His  memory 
is  held  in  great  veneration  in  BoBscarbery,  of  which 
diocese  he  is  pauon  saint.  The  following  interesting 
tradition  is  related  of  him :  It  was  his  daily  habit  to 
retire  to  the  side  of  a  hill,  near  the  town,  for  prirate 
prayer.  It  happened  one  day  that  he  left  his  prayer- 
book  behind  him.  The  night  was  very  wet,  but  the 
prayer-book  was  as  dry,  in  the  morning,  as  Gideon's 
fleece  —  "  the  angels  had  built  a  smaU  chapel  over 
it"  This  little  chapel,  or  oratory,  stood  on  the  hill 
side.  Doctor  Smith  says  it  was  repaired  by  a  person, 
who,  in  a  fit  of  sickness,  had  vowed,  if  he  recovered, 
"  to  build  a  church."  To  build  a  church,  and  re- 
build an  oratory,*  are  different  things. 

About  a  mile  to  the  west  of  Boss  is  Banduff  CasUe, 
in  Irish  Beann-Dubh,  "the  Blaok  Gable,"  built  by 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Thomas,  eighth  Earl  of  Des- 
mond.   Smith  says  it  was  built  by  the  O'Donovans, 

•  RehuiidanoratoTi/.    This  pttriffloniaiM  Denitent  1  >*'^i 

thplittleomtor^,  whichirerebut  lafeetl        ly  8       _  - 

eick ,"    Probably  he  mav  hare  pleadc      '  uc.<       ■■  I 

built  on  the  foundHtiDD  of  tbe  angeU,  foi  »  i  .  biw 


514  HISIOBT  07  COBX. 

and  adds,  ^^  near  it,  at  Ballyrenme,  are  the  roiiui  of 
the  largest  house  in  Carbery,  erected  by  Sir  William 
Coppinger."  Two  miles  west,  is  the  small  but  ezod- 
lent  harbour  of  Olandore,  on  the  heights  around  which 
a  number  of  pleasant  seats  are  spring^g  up.  Here  an 
the  ruins  of  Glandore  Castle,  built  by  Barrett  in  1215. 

To  the  west  of  Glandore  harbour  is  the  pariah  of 
Myross,  in  Irish,  Gardha,  ^^  a  garden," — ^for  the  land  is 
yery  good — and  the  village  of  Union  HalL  There  are 
extensive  ruins  in  this  parish,  at  Carrigillihy,  supposed 
to  belong  to  the  Abbey  do  Sanoto  Mauro,  foundedy 
some  say,  by  Diarmid  Mao  Carthy,  King  of  Cork,  for 
Cistercian  monks.  In  this  parish  is  Bawnlahani  ono 
of  the  houses  of  O'Donovan,  of  Castle  Donovan,  chief 
of  that  ancient  family — ^^a  worthy  and  oomteous 
gentleman,"  writes  Smith.  This  is  the  O'Donovan 
mentioned  in  the  keen  composed  for  Sir  Biohard  Oox. 

The  O'Donovans  are  descended  from  Eoghaa  the 
Splendid.  He  contended  with  Con  of  the  Hundred 
Battles,  who  drove  him  out  of  Ireland  into  Spain, 
where  he  married  Beara,  the  king's  daughter.  But  he 
soon  returned,  at  the  head  of  a  powerful  armj,  and 
put  into  a  harbour  in  Munster,  which  he  called  J7Mf- 
HaveUy  in  honor  of  his  wife.  He  again  met  Con,  whom 
he  defeated  in  ten  successive  engagements,  winning 
the  supreme  chieftaincy  of  the  southern  half  of  Ireland. 
But  the  half  of  Ireland  did  not  satisfy  the  Splendid 
Eoghan.  He  saw  that  Con's  revenues,  derived  from 
ships  in  Dublin  and  other  ports,  were  greater  than  his 
own,  and  proposed  an  equal  distribution  of  profits^ 
which  Con  refused,  so  to  battle  they  went  again. 
They  met  on  the  plain  of  Lena  or  MoyIena|  in  the 


THE  o'DONOTiJTe.  filS 

Queen's  Comity,  where  Con  took  thd  BOQthem  hOTo  by 
surprise.    Eoghan  was  slain  "bj  Gotil,  the  son  of  Monuu 

He  left  two  sons  by  bis  Spani^  wife— OilioU  01it% 
(who  succeeded  his  iatber)  and  Lughaidh  Lagba,  a 
champion  of  extraordinary  strength  and  bravery.  Olnnt 
was  succeeded  by  Eo^ban,  the  fitther  of  Cormao  Cas, 
the  ancestor  of  the  O'Briens  of  Thomond,  and  of 
Fiacha,  the  parent  of  the  O'Donovans,  and  of  what  are 
called  the  seven  royal  families  of  Mnnster.  The 
Donovan  from  whom  the  family  name  is  derived,  is  he 
of  Bruree,  who  united  with  Mahony  and  Ivor  the  Dane, 
in  the  treacherous  murder  of  Mahon,  the  brother  of 
Brian  Boru,  as  recorded  in  the  first  chapter  of  this 
history. 

This  great  family  is  divided  into  three  great  septs, 
the  Clan-Cahill,  Clan-Loughlin,  and  Clan  Eneslis.  The 
O'Donovans  of  Bawntahan  and  Caatle  Donovan,  were 
chieftains  of  Clan-Cahill.  Mnldowdy  O'Morrison,  a 
southern  poet,  composed  an  ode  on  the  accession  of 
Donnell  O'Donovan  to  the  chieftainship,  in  1639-1640, 
in  which  he  hints  that  Donnell  had  rivals  for  that  high 
honor,  but  adds  that  his  bravery,  hospitality,  and 
bounty,  marked  him  as  the  true  chieftain,  and  ^aew 
all  his  competitors  into  the  shade.  The  poet  concludes 
with  a  eulogium  on  his  wife,  Sheela,  or  Julia,  the 
daughter  of  Bory  O'Shanghneesy,  of  the  royal  house  of 
Connaught. 

This  Donnell  was  a  loyal  subject  *  throughout  the 
civil  war,  and  therefore  had  his  property  oonfisoated  in 
favor  of  the  CromweUians.    He  died  in  August,  1660. 

■  A  hyal  tuhjut.—lt  wu  hii  bther  who,  in  15M,  boined  tfa«  Uahop'i  hooM, 
nt  Rosa,  see  p.  3S4  and  who  met  ffNaill,  at  InniicuTB,  in  15BP,  to  pitpara  for  ■ 

iiiK  campaign  against  the  que«n'i goTsraiHint 


516  HISTORY  OP   CORK, 

Conor  Cam  O'Daly,  of  Mninter-Bhaire,  oomposed  his 
elegy,  a  copy  of  which  is  in  the  possession  of  Dr. 
0' Donovan,  the  learned  Editor  of  the  Four  Masters. 
His  wife,  Sheela,  who  was  twenty  years  younger  than 
her  husband,  died  in  1680,  just  twenty  years  after 
him.    She  also  had  her  elegy. 

Their  son,  Daniel  lY.,  petitioned  Charles  IL  for  the 
restoration  of  his  father's  property,  and  got  back  the 
manor  of  Baheen,  but  no  part  of  the  manor  of  Castle 
Donovan,  which  the  king,  by  patent,  had  granted  to 
Lieutenant  Evanson,  at  an  annual  rent  of  £22  4b.  1  Id. 

This  Daniel,  better  known  afterwards  as  Colonel 
O'Donoyan,  was  committed  in  1684,  by  Sir  Emanuel 
Moore,  on  a  charge  of  treason,  for  conspuing  the  deaQi 
of  the  king,  in  his  lodgings  at  Whitehall,  but  he  was 
entirely  acquitted.  We  find  him,  July  1689,  a 
colonel  of  a  regiment  of  foot,  in  the  service  of  James 
II.  In  October,  1690,  he  was  deputy-governor  of 
Charles  Fort,  in  Kinsale,  which  he  surrendered  to  Mail- 
borough  on  honorable  terms. 

He  was  required,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  James  and 
Williamite  war,  to  march  with  his  regiment  to  CSork 
harbour,  and  there  to  embark.  The  order  is  dated 
12th  Nov.,  1691,  and  signed  *' Jo.  Wanehopb."  It 
would  appear  that  Colonel  O'Donovan  did  not  obey 
this  order,  for  on  the  4th  of  January,  1692,  we  haye  a 
"  Permit,^'  signed  "  B.  Townsbnd,*'  for  "  Colonel 
O'Donovan  to  travell  to  Timoleague,  to  deliver  him- 
selfe  a  prisoner  unto  the  High-Sheriff,  without  molest- 
ation, he  behaving  himselfe  as  becometh."  He  was 
alive  in  January,  1701. 

He  left  by  his  wife,  Victoria,  daughter  of  Captain 


IHB  o'DOHOTANa  OP  BAWNLAHAST.  517 

Coppinger,  one  daughter,  Yiotoiia,  who  married  Cap- 
tain Cornelius  O'DonoTan,  the  anoestor  of  the  present 
O'Donovan,  Morgan  William,  of  MontpeUier,  Douglas, 
in  this  county.  The  colonel  had,  by  a  second  marriage 
with  Elizabeth  Tonson,  a  son,  Captain  Bichard  O'Dono- 
van, who  had  a  son,  Baniel,  who,  failing  in  male  heirs, 
leaves,  by  will,  the  property  to  Morgan,  of  Montpel- 
lier : — 

"  I  leave  my  estate  clear,  aa  by  my  setdemeat  vOl  Bppeor,  to  my 
eldest  eon,  Bichard  O'Donovan,  and  hit  heire,  male,  lawfully  begot^ 
ten  ;  and  in  failure  of  issue,  male,  in  him,  to  my  second  son,  John 
Donovan,  and  his  heirs,  male,  lawfully  begotten.  In  failure  of  issue, 
male  or  female,  in  either,  I  leave  the  reversion  of  my  estales  to 
Morgan  Donovan,  Esquire,  now  living  in  the  city  of  Cork,  and  to 
his  heirs,  male,  law^ly  begotten  ;  subject,  in  case  of  accidents,  to 
the  sum  of  £10,000  sterling  to  my  eldest  daughter,  Ellen  O'Dono- 
van, and  the  like  sum  to  bft  paid  to  my  second  daughter,  Jane 
O'Donovan,  and  to  their  heirs,  and  if  cither  should  die  the  Rurvivor 
to  come  in  for  the  £20,000." — See  Ih;  O'Donovan't  Four  Matttri, 
Appendix,  pp.  2458,  2459. 

John  O'Donovan,  Esquire,  LL.D.,  is  a  descendant  of 
the  Castle-Donovan  branch  of  this  family.  Edmond 
Donuvan,  of  Bawnlahan,  killed  the  eldest  son  of 
O'SulLivan  Bears,  in  some  dispute  about  the  boundary 
of  their  estates,  and  fled  the  county  of  Cork,  settling  . 
at  Gaulstown,  in  the  county  Kilkenny,  previously  to 
1643.  Doctor  O'Donovan's  lather  was  an  Edmond, 
He  was  bom  in  1760,  and  married,  in  1788,  to  Eleanor 
Hoberlin,  of  Eochestown,  and  died,  29th  July,  1817, 
enjoining  his  eldest  son,  who  sat  by  his  bedside  while 
he  expired,  to  remember  his  descent  He  requested 
that  his  body  should  be  buried  "  along  with  the  good 
men  of  Dunkitt,  but  not  under  the  large  tombstone," 


518  HISTORY   OF  CORK. 

I  need  hardly  say  that  these  injunctionB  were  piously 
observed  by  higf  children. 

To  the  west  of  Myross  is  the  fishing  yillage  of  Gastla- 
townsend,  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  harbour  of 
Castlehaven.  The  harbour  is  half-a-mile  wide,  aii4 
well  sheltered ;  vessels  of  500  tons  burden  can  andhor 
here.  There  is  a  ferry  from  this  to  Myross.  CSastle* 
townsend  derives  its  name  from  the  seat  of  Colond 
Townsend.  For  an  account  of  the  siege  of  CSolonel 
Townsend's  castle^  see  page  195  of  this  volume. 

The  town  of  Skibbereen  lies  five  or  six  miles  to  the 
north-north-west  of  Castletownsend.  It  is  a  market 
and  post  town^  in  the  parish  of  Abbeystowry.*  It  is 
situated  on  the  southern  bank  of  the  river  Ilei^  and 
consists  of  seven  streets.  We  conclude  that  the  last 
census  will  give  this  town  a  population  of  over  4,000, 
although  no  part  of  Ireland  suffered  more,  or  lost  mote 
of  its  population  during  the  great  famine  of  1846-1848, 
than  the  town  and  district  of  Skibbereen.  Skibbereen, 
as  well  as  Dunmanway,  Clonakilty,  and  Bandon,  had  its 
woollen  and  linen  trade ;  but  this  belongs  to  their  pest 
history.  It  is  well  situated  for  trade.  The  tide,  from 
the  harbour  of  Baltimore,  fiows  up  to  the  town,  and 
the  river  Hen  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  200  tons  to 
Old  Court,  two  miles  below  the  town.  The  paroohial 
church  of  Abbeystowry  is  situated  in  Bridgetown. 
Here  is  a  B.C.  chapel,  a  beautiful  Greoian  edifioe^ 
erected  in  1826,  under  the  direction  of  Doctor  Collini^ 
B.C.  Bishop  of  Boss, 

«  Abbeyttowry,—To  the  west  of  Skibbereen  stood  tlio  dd  abboj,  whidi  gnt 

name  to  the  parish.  *•  In  it,"  writes  Smith,  "  are  serenl  old  tombi,  ud  in  pov 
ticular  a  large  one  of  the  Boches."  It  was  here,  is  we  kun  from  Divt  Ikmmm, 
ttiat  the  rector  demanded,  as  a  boning  fee,  <«  the  second  b«t  nit  of  dotto  flf  At 
dead  man,  or  6s.  8d.  in  Ueu  thereof."    Set  p.  360  of  thii  TohnM. 


BALTIMORE  AND  THS  O'DBISCOLIA  019 

About  five  miles  to  the  sooth-west  of  Skihbereen  is 
the  old  English  borough  town  of  Baltimore.  It  be- 
longed originally  to  the  O'DrisoolIs,  who  possessed 
every  acre  of  Carbery*  before  the  English  inTamon. 
The  Mac  Carthy's,  who  afterwards  became  the  lords 
paramomit,  lived  at  Cashel,  the  O'Sidlivaas  at  Knook> 
raffan  and  Clonmel,  and  the  O'DonovanB  at  Croom 
and  Bruree.  The  harbour  of  Baltimore  was  at  one 
time  crowded  with  O'DriscoU's  fishing  boats  and  war 
pinnaces.  The  O'DriscolIs  were  bold  sailors,  who  did 
some  trade  in  the  pirating  line.  Pineen,  or  Florence, 
and  his  base-bom  son,  Gilly  Duff,  or  the  Black  Boy, 
were  on  the  cliffe  on  the  20th  of  February,  1673,  from 
which  they  spied  four  vessels  beating  about  in  the 
storm  before  the  harbour's  mouth.  They  descended, 
took  to  their  boats,  and  went  aboard  the  La  Sancta 
Maria  de  Soci,  which  was  laden  with  100  tons  of  rich 
Portugal  wine,  and  offered  to  pilot  the  vessel  into  the 
harbour  for  three  pipes  of  the  precious  juice.  The 
offer  was  accepred,  and  the  captain  and  crew  afterwards 
invited  to  dine  at  the  castle,  where  they  were  clapped 
into  irons,  and  the  ship  plundered.  The  wine  had 
been  consigned  to  Waterford  merchants,  who,  on  hear- 
ing the  news,  fitted  out  an  armed  vessel,  suddenly 
entered  the  harbour  of  Baltimore,  and  boarded  the  wine 
ship,  from  which  Gilly  Duff  O'Drisooll  and  24  of  his 
comrades  escaped,  after  reducing  the  100  pipes  of  wine 
to  25.  The  Mayor  of  Wat«rford  fitted  out  another 
expedition  to  revenge  the  robbery.  They  landed  ou 
Sherbiu  Island,  and  seized  O'DrisooU's  castle  of  Dun- 


TUBKS^    FISHERIES.  621 

and  carried  off  about  a  hundred  of  the  English  to 
Algiers  ;  and  among  the  number,  William  Gunter — 
^^  a  person  of  some  credit" — ^his  wife  and  seven  sons. 
The  Algerines  were  pilotted  into  the  harbour  by  **  one 
Hacket,  a  Dungarvan  fisherman."  The  men  of  Water- 
ford  had  not  yet  forgotten  the  seizure  of  their  wine 
ship. 

The  Earl  of  Cork,  writing  to  the  lords  of  the  English 
council  some  time  after  this,  says : — "  They  certainly 
intend  another,  attempt  *  on  these  coasts  the  next  sum- 
mer, and  with  forces  to  surprise  the  whole  coast  at 
once,  by  dispersing  their  fleet  to  every  part,  according 
to  the  strength  of  such  places.  This  report  so  suddenly 
succeeding  the  former  disaster,  hath  begotten  so  many^ 
doubts  and  fears  in  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  there* 
abouts,  as,  unless  some  timely  prevention  interpose,  it 
is  conceived  it  may  dispeople  the  sea  coasts  of  the 
English  inhabitants,  whereby  the  harbours  may  be  left 
open  to  enemies,  the  fishermen  of  the  coast  and  in  the 
deep  may  be  utterly  overthrown,  and  his  majesty 
deprived  of  their  services  for  supply  of  his  navy  on  all 
occasions.  The  pilchard  fishery  also  may  thereby,  and 
in  all  probability  will,  be  interrupted,  and  his  majesty 
much  hindered  thereby  in  his  customs.  And  lastly, 
which  is  not  least  considerable,  the  kingdom  may  be 
thereby  deprived  of  the  benefit  they  may  otherwise 
have,  of  the  importation  of  coyne,  there  having  been 
some  years  £16,000,  and  in  some  other  years  £20,000, 
observed  to  have  been  imported  into  this  kingdom  for 

♦  Another  attempt.  In  Lord  Cork's  letter  to  Lord  Dorchester,  with  a  map  of 
Baltimurc,  he  says  the  Turks  were  to  attempt  the  forts  of  Cork  and  Kinsale,  the 
one  being  the  fort  of  Hawlbolyn,  at  the  mouth  of  the  rirer  of  Cork,  and  the  fort 
of  Castle-park,  near  Kinsale,  from  both  which  forts  the  wards  and  ordnance  were 
withdrawn  before."     The  letter  is  dated  from  "  Dublin,  19th  February,  1681" 

vll.  II.  34 


522  HISTORY   OP   CORK. 

pilchards,  and  most  of  the  money  coming  from  the 
French  or  Hollanders." 

The  Earl  of  Cork  took  a  deep  interest  in  these 
fisheries.     The  following  entry  occors  in  his  diary : — 

''  April  16, 1616.— Sent  Ennys  O'Driscoll  £12  sterling,  to  begin 
to  sett  up  the  Pilcber  ffishing  at  Long  Islande,  and  I  paid  him 
thereof,  in  money,  £9  158.,  and  gave  him  my  acquittance  for  45t, 
sterling,  being  by  him  due  to  me  for  my  last  Easter  rent,  with  a 
warrant  to  take  out  of  my  woods,  in  Sleight  Teag  O'Mabowne'i 
lands,  timber  for  their  fishe  presses  and  fyshe  houses." 

I  find  that  the  fisheries,*  on  this  coast,  had  began 
to  decline  even  in  Smithes  time,  or  more  than  100  years 
ago.  Writing  of  Bantry,  he  says,  "  A  few  years  ago, 
when  the  pilchards  frequented  this  bay,  it  was  a  very 
thriving  town,  but  for  want  of  employment  is  again 
fallen  into  decay." 

The  present  state  of  the  fisheries  on  our  coast,  from 
Youghal  to  Castletown,  is  by  no  means  enoonraging. 
The  report  of  the  Commissioners  for  1867  states,  that 
our  fisheries  in  Youghal,  Queenstown,  Einsale,  and 
Castletown,  are  decreasing.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
Skibbcrcen,  and  indeed  of  every  other  fishing  station 
on  our  coast.  Our  fisheries  received  a  fearftil  blov 
during  tho  famine,  when  fishing  boats  were  left  to  lot 
on  the  shore.  The  efibrts  made  of  late  years  to  reviva 
the  deep  sea  fisheries,  have  not  been  successful. 

Bantry  is  a  small  post  and  market  town,  at  the 
northern  extremity  of  Bantry  Bay,  in  a  valley  encir- 
cled by  lofty  mountains.  This  place  gives  title  to 
Lord  Bantry.     Bichard  White,  of  Bantry,  was  raised 

«  Fisheries.  Mr.  Richard  Mead,  of  Bando!?.  etnght  and  enrad  S80.800  fliL 
of  all  kinds,  in  1749 ;  and  Mr.  James  Yuung,  482,500lieniagiy  sad  2S1  HRili  m 
sprats,  the  preceding  year. 


WESTERN   COAST.      DEAK   SWIFT.  523 

to  the  Irish  peerage  as  Baron  of  Bantry,  the  31st  of 
March,  1797,  for  his  loyalty  and  zeal,  during  the 
French  attempt,  under  General  Hoche  and  Wolfe, 
to  make  a  landing  at  Bantry  Bay,  described  in  the 
ninth  chapter  of  this  volume. 

Nothing  can  be  more  wild  or  magnificent  than  the 
coast  from  Glandore  to  the  extreme  west  of  the  county, 
with  its  bluff  headlands.  Dean  Swift,  who  spent  a 
summer  in  this  neighbourhood,  describes  it  in  his 
Carbrioe  Rupes,  parts  of  which  remind  us  of  Virgil's 
best  and  boldest  style : — 

"  Ecce  ingens  fragmen  scopoli,  qaod  rertice  lummo 
Desuper  impendet,  nullo  fiindainine  nixnm 
Decidit  in  fluctnB,  maria  undique,  et  nndique  saxa 
Korrisono  stridore  tonant,  et  ad  »thera  murmur 

Erigitur " 

The  principal  headlands  are  Toe  Head,  the  Bill  of 
Cape  Clear,  Brow  Head,  Mizen  Head,  Three-castle- 
head,  Sheep's  Head,  and  Dursey  Head ;  within  which 
is  the  far-famed  Bantry  Bay,  which  is  as  open-mouthed 
as  a  shark.  On  the  left,  as  we  enter  the  harbour,  is 
Beare  Island,  and  on  the  opposite  and  western  shore 
the  village  of  Castletown  Bearehayen,  to  the  south  of 
which  are  the  ruins  of  the  famous  Castle  of  Dunboy, 
once  the  strong-hold  of  O'Sullivan  Besu'e,  now  in  the 
possession  of  M  r.  Puxley. 

Mr.  Puxley,  of  Dunboy,  was  shot  by  Morty  Oge 
O'SuUivan,  in  1754.  A  military  party  was  dispatched 
from  Cork  to  Bearehaven  to  apprehend  the  murderer. 
O'SuUivan  had  fortified  his  house,  which  he  defended 
till  his  ammunition  was  exhausted,  when  he  rushed 
forth  and  broke  through  his  enemies,  but  when  clearing 
a  hedge,  was  shot  through  the  heart. 


524  HiaronT  op  cork. 

It  is  asserted,  but  from  all  I  can  leanii  I  believe 
incorrectly,  that  O'Sullivan  Beare  was  betrayed  by  his 
servant,  Scully.  Be  this  false  or  true,  the  story  has 
given  rise  to  some  spirited  lines  in  ^'  BlacJtwood^$ 
Magazine.^^     We  give  the  first  two  verses  : — 

"  The  sun  on  Ivera  no  longer  shines  brightly, 
The  Yoice  of  her  music  no  longer  is  sprightly ; 
No  more  to  her  maidens  the  light  dance  is  dear, 
Since  the  death  of  our  darling,  O'Sulliyan  Beare. 

Scully,  thou  false  one,  you  basely  betrayed  him, 
In  his  strong  hour  of  need,  when  thy  right  hand  should  aid  him ; 
He  fed  thee,  he  clad  thee,  you  had  all  could  delight  thee ; 
You  left  him,  you  sold  him — may  Heayen  requite  thee." 

0' Sullivan's  body  was  lashed  to  the  stem  of  a  king's 
cutter,  and  towed  through  the  sea,  to  Cork,  where  his 
head  was  spiked  on  the  South-gate.  Some  of  O'Sul- 
livan's  followers  were  killed  and  others  wounded  in 
his  defence.  One  of  them,  named  Connell,  is  the 
reputed  author  of  the  following  keen,  written  in  Cork 
gaol,  the  night  before  his  execution : — 

Eleot  on  O'Sqlliyan  Bbabk. 

'*  Murtj,  my  dear  and  loved  master,  you  carried  the  swmy  lor 
strength  and  generosity.  It  is  my  endless  grief  and  sorrow — ionow 
that  admits  of  no  comfort — that  your  fair  head  should  be  gaaed  at 
as  a  show  upon  a  spike,  and  that  your  noble  frame  is  without  life. 
I  have  travelled  with  you,  my  dear  and  much-loved  master,  in 
foreign  lands.  You  moved  with  kings  in  the  royal  prince's  anny; 
but  it  is  through  the  means  of  Puxley  I  am  left  in  grief  and  con- 
finement in  Cork,  locked  in  heavy  irons,  without  the  hope  of  relief 
The  great  God  is  good  and  merciful ;  I  ask  His  pardon  and  Hif 
support,  for  I  am  to  be  hanged  at  the  gallows  to-moirrow,  without 
doubt.  The  rope  will  squeea^  my  neck,  and  thousands  will  Uunent 
my  fate.  May  the  Lord  have  mercy  on  my  master.  It  ia  finr  bis 
sake  I  am  now  in  their  power. 

"  Kerryonians,  pray  for  us  !    Sweet  and  melodioas  if  joor  voice. 


0*BULLiy&N   BBi£fi  AND-  FUXLET.  626 

My  lilcBsing  1  give  jrou ;  but  f  ou  will  never  see  me  agus  among 
fuu  alive.  Our  heada  will  be  put  upon  a  spike  for  a  ahov;  and 
under  the  cold  snow  of  night,  and  the  burning  aun  of  summer  I 
Oh,  that  I  was  ever  born !  Oh,  that  I  over  retoraed  to  Bears- 
haven  !  Mine  was  the  best  of  masters  that  Ireland  could  produce. 
May  our  soula  be  floating  to-morrow  in  the  rays  of  endless  glory. 

"  The  lady  liis  wife !  Heavy  is  her  grief,  and  who  may  wonder 
at  that,  were  her  eyes  made  of  green  stone,  when  he,  her  dear 
husbiind,  waa  ahot  by  that  ball:  Hadbe  retreated,  our  grief  would 
be  lighter,  but  the  brave  man,  for  the  pride  of  his  country,  could 
not  retreat.  He  has  been  in  king's  palaoea.  In  Bpain  he  got  a 
pension.  I,ady  Clare  gave  him  robes  bound  with  gold  laoe,  as  a 
token  of  remembrance.  He  was  a  captain  on  the  coast  of  Franoe, 
but  he  should  return  to  Ireland  for  us  to  lose  him." 

The  rocks  and  mountains  of  Beare,  to  which  ha 
must  needs  return,  are,  to  the  present  day,  "both  wild 
and  sterile,  but  here,  as  in  other  places,  the  riches  of 
the  centre  more  than  compensate  for  the  sterility  of 
the  surface.  The  copper  mines  on  the  O'SuIIivan 
Bcare  property,  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Puxleys, 
are  the  richest  in  Ireland.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
the  majjs  of  the  Ordnance  Survey,  intended  to  indicate 
tlie  geological  structure  of  this  district,  are  erroneousty 
coloured.  The  colouring  indicates  the  eld  red  sand- 
stone, which  is  condemned  by  miners  as  "  non-metal- 
liferous." Captain  William  Thomas,  a  high  authority 
on  such  a  subject,  says,  "The  whole  district  southi- 
west  of  the  counties  of  Cork  and  Kerry,  belong  to  the 
clay  slate  formation,  intersected  by  numerous  elvans, 
dykes,  cross-courses,  slides  and  floccans,  and  is  abun- 
dantly traversed  by  metalliferous  veins,  and  irom 
these  are  obtained  the  ores  of  copper,  lead,  and  silver." 

Francis  Lisabe,  Esquire,  C.E.,  C.M.E.,  who  haa 
lately  published  a  valuable   pamphlet,  shewing   the 


626  HISTORY   OF   CORK. 

erroneous  colouring  of  some  of  the  maps  of  the  Gh>Yem- 
men!  Geological  Survey,  has  favored  me  with  the  fol* 
lowing  sketch  of  the  principal  mines  in  this  district : — 

BEABXHAYXK   HIKE, 

*^  This  mine  is  private  property,  and  the  fortunate  partiea  haye  for 
yery  many  years  received  enormous  retums,  varying*  it  is  believed, 
from  £30  to  £40,000  per  annum,  and  now,  at  the  depth  attained, 
about  200  fathoms,  giving  evidence  of  greater  richness  than  ever, 
and  the  above  large  profits  are  expected  to  increase.  A  perfoet 
town  is  now  to  be  seen  at  the  mines,  as  it  gives  em]^ymeiit  to  be- 
tween 1,000  and  2,000  men,  women  and  children. 

THE   aUBXrVALLIO  MIKE. 

"  This  mine  is  now  being  developed  by  a  Dublin  Company,  with 
every  prospect  of  becoming  a  most  valuable  property,  as  its  indica- 
tions are  of  the  most  flattering  description. 

KILOVENOOUE-BOOSKA   AKD   GUBTAOLOOKA. 

**  AU  these  mines  are  at  present  in  abeyance,  from  that  unfertonate 
cause  which  has  destroyed  so  many  really  good  properties,  namdtf— - 
a  want  of  capital,  spirit,  and  unanimous  feeling,  on  the  part  of 
the  shareholders,  to  prosecute  them  in  a  legitimate  maoiier. 
Large  quantities  of  lead  ores,  raised  from  these  mines,  had  rsachod 
high  prices  in  the  English  markets. 

DHUBADE   MINE. 

"  This  mine  has  been  worked  for  some  years,  and  has  prodnoed 
large  quantities  of  rich  ores  of  copper.  The  amphitheatre-lika 
appearance  of  this  mine  reminds  us  of  its  rich  neighbour.  Bears- 
haven  ;  and  the  late  rich  discoveries  made  induce  the  belief,  that  is 
a  short  time  the  present  spirited  proprietors  will  be  amply  reworM 
for  their  perseverance  and  energy. 

BBOW-HEAD   MIKE. 

^^  Here  is  another  instance  of  the  want  of  unanimous  feeling  in 
the  London  shareholders,  to  carry  on  these  mining  operations  with 
the  spirit  their  fine  property  deserves.  This  mine,  in  a  veiy  short 
period,  produced  a  great  deal  of  the  richest  copper  ore,  and  only 
requires  capital  and  energy  to  prove  highly  remuneratiTe, 


MINES  ON  THE   WESTEBN  COAST.  627 


OBOOKHATBN   ICINB. 


''  This  mine,  now  in  ^ill  operation,  has  lately  sent  a  cargo  of 
copper  ore  to  market,  and  eyerj  fathom  sunk  is  preying  more  and 
more  indicative  of  great  riches  in  depth. 

BALLTOUMISH   MINB. 

''  This  mine  is,  like  Bearehaven,  a  private  speculation,  and  one 
which  must  he  most  satisfactory  to  all  concerned,  getting  richer  and  , 
richer  as  it  descends.     It  is  now  ahout  100  fathoms  deep,  and  its 
prospects  certainly  such  as  to  warrant  the  outlay  now  so  judiciously 
expending. 

''  All  the  mines  I  have  mentioned  are  most  advantageously  situ<- 
ated,  good  roads  making  them  easy  of  access.  This,  together  with 
fine  harbours  close  at  hand,  cheap  and  willing  labourers,  and  a 
geological  structure  (clay,  slate,  or  killas,)  the  most  favorable  for  the 
production  of  minerals^  must  convince  the  most  sceptical^  that  the 
county  of  Cork  possesses  the  elements  of  a  first-rate  mining  district.^* 

Of  the  Cappagh  mines  at  Skidl,  W.  B.  Brady,  Esq., 
C.E.,  F.G.S.,  says,  in  his  report  of  the  5th  of  October, 
1 858,  ^*  The  geological  formation  of  the  series  is  known 
as  primitive  schist,  clay-slate,  having  strong  parallel 
elvan  courses  (granitic  porphyry)  interstratified  with 
quarlzose  veins,  of  a  promising  description  for  the 
lasting  productions  of  copper  ore.  I  am  confident," 
ho  concludes,  *^  that  success  will  attend  the  re- working 
of  the  [Cappagh]  mines,  if  carried  on  with  prudence 
and  energy."  ''This  mine,"  says  Mr.  Lisabe,  te  now 
iu  full  work,  and  the  proprietors  are  proceeding  in  a 
legitimate  and  mining-like  manner,  and  will  shortly 
reap  a  rich  harvest." 


CHAPTER    XXIY, 

POPULATION — HOUSES — LAB0I7B-1CABKST — SKIGBATIOH — BARO- 
NIES   AND    FABI8HB8. 

The  tables  in  pages  531-534  give  the  baronies,  the 
parishes  in  each  barony,  the  acreage  and  population 
of  each  parish,  in  1841  and  1851,  so  that  at  a 
glance  we  can  see  the  great  decrease  which  occurred 
during  the  famine.  The  population  in  the  East  Biding 
of  Cork,  in  1841,  was  460,414,  which  was  rednoed  in 
1861  to  351,397,  shewing  a  decrease  of  109,027.  The 
population  in  the  West  Eiding  was,  in  1841,  312,984, 
and  in  1851  211,761,  shewing  a  decrease  of  101,223. 
It  appears  from  this  that  the  East  Biding  lost  nearly  a 
quarter,  and  the  West  Biding  nearly  a  third  of  its 
population.  But  this  decrease  occurred  in  fiye  yearSi 
for  the  famine  did  not  begin  till  1846.  The  five  gean^ 
from  1846  to  1851,*  would  tell  a  far  more  fearful  tale 
than  the  ten  years,  from  1841  to  1851.  The  popula- 
tion in  1846 — the  year  before  the  famine — ^was  greats 
than  the  population  in  1841.  I  do  not  think  it  oould 
have  been  less  than  800,000  ;  and  this  was  reduoed  in 
five  years  to  563,148.  Some  baronies  lost  nearly  half ; 
in  other  places  nearly  all  were  swept  away. 

*  The  five  years,  from  1846  to  1851.— The  increase  WM  moi  grett  duing  tkit 
period.  The  poDulatioii  of  England  had  increased  14  per  cent  from  1831  tol841, 
while  that  of  Ireland  had  increased  hnt  5  J  per  cent.  When  the  pqpiUatioii  wm 
found  to  press  too  much  upon  the  lahonr-market,  the  natond  imtmeft  of  MiftCy 
checked  early  marriaees.  There  were  three  marriagahle  men  unnuunied  ia  InltM 
for  every  two  in  England,  and  one  in  Scotland,  hetween  1881  and  1841. 


DECREASE   OF   POPX7LAnOK  AND   H0X7SES.  629 

The  number  of  houses*  in  the  East  Siding,  in  1841, 
was  72,946,  of  which  2,260  were  unoccupied.  In 
1851  the  number  was  reduced  to  54,902,  of  which 
3,885  were  unoccupied.  The  number  of  houses  in  the 
West  Eiding,  in  1841,  was  52,373,  of  which  1,397 
were  unoccupied.  In  1851  the  number  was  reduced 
to  36,136,  of  which  2,847  were  unoccupied.  I  expect 
the  census  of  1861  will  shew  a  decrease  in  the  number 
of  occupied  houses.  This  decrease,  in  houses  and 
population,  is  altogether  confined  to  the  country,  for 
iu  the  towns  there  has  been  a  small  increase.t 

But,  notwithstanding  the  great  decrease,  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  even  still  the  Irish  labor  market 
is  overcrowded,  that  the  supply  is  greater  than  the 
demand.  In  1831,  out  of  a  population  of  1,867,765 
males,  20  years  of  age,  1,277,054  were  classed  as 
agriculturalists.  We  learn  from  the  letter  of  Mr. 
Stanley,  published  by  Mr.  Nicholls,  in  his  Second  Irish 
Poor  Law  Eeport,  in  October,  1837,  that  in  some  parts 
of  Ireland,  the  labourer  was  employed  on  an  average 
but  24  days  in  the  year;  in  other  places  36  days;  in 
others  90  days;  in  some  160;  in  Louth  it  was  210 ; 
and  in  Antrim  the  majority  of  the  labourers  were  em- 
ployed the  greater  part  of  the  year.  I  am  in  posses- 
sion of  returns  which  shew  that  before  the  famine, 
labourers  in  and  about  towns  in  this  county  were  em- 
ployed on  an  average  but  three  days  in  the  week,  and 

*  Number  of  Jiouset.  The  census  of  1861  gires,  in  this  county,  16,215  "fourth- 
class  houses,  or  mud  cabins,  having  only  one  room  for  all  the  memben  of  the 
family,  of  every  age  and  sex.  See  Agficulturai  StoHstietf  JrU<md,  1860.  By  an 
Act,  23  Vict.,  c.  19,  loans  may  be  obtained  from  the  treasury  for  proTiding  better 

houses  for  the  labouring  classes. 

t  Small  increase.  We  may  here  and  there  mark  ao  increase  in  the  populAtlon 
of  some  parishes,  between  1841  and  1861,  but  this  will  be  found  to  reeult  nromthe 
flockiiii]:  of  the  poor  into  the  towns  and  poorhouses. 


530  HISTOBY   OF  CORK. 

tradesmen  but  two  days  in  the  week.  From  all  I  can 
discoyer  the  agricultural  labourers  in  this  county  are 
not  employed,  at  the  present  time,  more  than  four  days 
in  the  week;  and  I  doubt  that  the  average  wages, 
throughout  the  year,  is  more  than  a  shilling  a-day. 
ISoT  have  we  factories  or  mills,  where  a  labourer's  child 
may  earn  two  or  three  shillings  a-week. 

We  cannot  be  surprised,  under  such  circumstances, 
at  the  numbers  that  leave  our  shores  in  search  of 
employment  elsewhere.  From  the  1st  of  May,  1861, 
to  the  Slst  of  December,  1860,  146,422  emigrated 
from  the  county  and  city  of  Cork  alone.  The  returns 
for  the  year  1860  shew  an  increase  of  about  a  third 
over  1859.  The  total  number  of  emigrants  from  Ireland, 
from  the  1st  of  May,  1851,  to  the  Ist  of  September, 
1860,  was  1,140,982.  I  make  these  statements  on 
the  authority  of  the  Irish  Registrar  General. 

We  may  regret  to  see  such  numbers  Leaving  our 
shores,  but  it  is  better  they  should  go  than  starve  at 
home.  It  is  better  for  those  that  go  and  those  that 
remain.  The  Irish  have  ever  been  distinguished  fiur 
attachment  to  their  country.  The  Exile  of  Ebut  is 
not  an  overdrawn  picture  of  an  expatriated  Irishman^ 
but  there  are  no  people  more  sensible  of  the  import- 
ance of  emigration.  There  seems  of  late  to  prevail 
amongst  them  the  same  sort  of  natural  instinct  as  that 
which  impels  a  hive  of  bees  to  cast  a  swarm,  or  the 
feathered  tribes  to  leave  our  shores  at  the  approach  of 
winter.  And  this  Btate  of  things  will  prevail  while 
wages  and  the  means  of  support  in  Ireland  continue 
at  their  present  low  standard. 


EAST    RIDING. 


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INDEX. 


Ahtejtrtowry,  ii.  51B.— ibboto,  i.  20.— 
Aon^'bu9,  Sing,  i-  G,  tl- — Aeng^m 
O'Dalj,  i.  C6,  67,  328— AffoDe,  i. 
126,  192,  193.— Aghada,  ii.  434.— 
Aldworth,  ii,  *80.— AlejHnder  the 
Copp«i9mith,ii.  192,195. — AJferinea 
ii.  E20,  £21.— Allen  the  Jesuit,  i. 
340,  246.— AndeTBons,  ii.  314,  466, 
474,  476,— Anneagrove,  ii.  450.— 
Anonymom  Lelter-boi,   ii.   S07. — 

Archci  James  i.  402 ArohdesiKmi, 

ii.  409,  410— Anniiu,  John,  j.  338, 
346— Armstrnng,  ii.  253.— AnuB, 
101-104,  116,— Armj,  i.  101-104, 
115,  276-278  1  ii.  161.— Anemblj 
RuoniB,  ii.  214,  215. 

Bng^Bl^  i.  216,  217,— Bailiffs,  ii. 
195.- Baltimore,  i.  3SS;  ii. 519-621. 
—  Ballinamona,  ii.  462.  —  BaUj- 
l)ri<:kcn,ii.411.— BallycottoD,  ii.44B. 
— BsUjclriugh,  ii.  478.- Ball jTour- 
nej,  ii.  484.— Ballinoollig,  ii.487,— 
Bankrupt  Merchnnla,  ii.  194,  19S.— 
Fiindon,  ii.  C.'S,  101, 108, 141, 247.- 
Bandon,  Lord,  ii  263,432,496498. 
— BanlT7,iL  H6,  147,239-241,  246, 
62-1,  Sf3.— fiantry.  Lord,  ii.  264 
266  —  Barbers,  li.  202,  203.  — 
Barracks,  ii. 383.— Bam>tt«,i.  229.— 
Barretts,  ii.  liil,  161.— BaiTTlnora, 
ii.  54,  57,  73— Barryi,!,  C9,31,Ba, 
89,  166,  170,  336;  ii.  56,  61, 
430.— BarT)''a  Castle,  ii.  381. — 
Barry's  C"urt,  i,  201,  257 ;  ii.  4iO, 
iSI,- Snint  Barry's  GoBpel,  L  3,— 
Barry,  James,  tbe  artist,  ii.  304,  320. 
— Beamieh  and  Crawford's  Brewarr, 
ii.  .314,  315.— BearehOTon,  i.  386  ;  li. 
514. — Bermingham  tower,  i.  287. — 
Bechcrs.  ii.  479.- BeWeUy  Castle,  ii. 
420.— Berwick,  Duko,  ii.  163,  164, 
166— Berkeley,  ii.  446,  446.— 
Bishops  of  Cork,  i.  93,  108,  921, 


223  ;  ii.  45,  109.  344-367,  372-374, 
445.— Bishops  of  Cloyne,  i.  823.— 
flisbopi.  ii.  45,  109,  344-357,  372- 
374,  446.— Blaokwaler,  i.  300,  392; 
ii.  463.— Blarney  Castle,  i.  85.  267, 
368,  403,  412;  ii.  116, 147.— Blaok- 
rook  Castle,  ii.  1 78,  404,— Blaokroek 
ConTent,  ii.  405.— Blamej,  ii.  116, 
147.— Blake,ii.  87, 97,98.— Blinding 
i.  Bfl.  — Blind  Asylitm,  ii.  329.— 
Blue- coat  School,  ii.  186, 336,  337 


ii.,08,72;8ei,410.— Boyne,ii.l 
BouniJanes  of  Kingdom  of  Ccn-k,  L 
2! -=4.— Brehon  Laws,  i,  6»-58.— 
Biian  Boru.i.  1  -6.— Broecbes market, 
ii.  207.— Breworr,  U.  314,  316.— 
Browns,  i.  237,  282,  263  — Brogbill, 
ii.  94,  61-G3,  64,  6S,  97,  101,  106, 
108,  113-117,  119,  1241,  136.— Bro- 

derick,  ii.    462 Bneues,   ii.  167. 

—Biidgetown  Abbey,. li.  47,471 

Bruree,  i,  1.— Buikes,  i.  80,  243, 
317,  336,  417.— Bntlora, i.  75,  US; 
ii.  62,  64.— 117-123,  135,  163,  164, 
232-266.— Bull  fiaitinr,  ii.  206,  2o7. 
— BuUens,  ii.  477.— Butter  Market 
andMerchaats,  ii.  377-390.— Butle- 


ant,  ii.  4 


Coir- 


la-llnnia,  ii.    40.  —  Calhighani, 
iL   294-300,   477.  — Centred,  i.  21. 

— Cap  of  MainlODBBM,  i.  98 Ca- 

pell,  li.  454. — Capital  Punishment, 
li.  204,  206.— CaroWB,  i.  41  to  43  — 
Corew,  Sir  George,  i.  29f,  293,  323, 
42*  ;  ii,  6,  371— Carliila  Fort,  ii. 
431. — CarrigMnnna,  ii.  47a— Car- 
rigadrohid,  ii.  US,  4SS. — Carrigaline, 
ii  427,  428.— Carrigaline  Castle,  i, 
SS,  171,  IDS;  ii.  427.— Carrigaline 
Rirer,  ii.  427. — Carrig-a-roola  i, 
404 ;  ii  484.— Corrig-U  Bhon,  ii.  406, 


636 


HISTORY    OF   CORK. 


— Camgtohill,  ii.  449. —  Castles,  i.   I 
28.  —  Caatlecor,    ii.   480.  —  Castle- 
Freke.  ii.  611,  612.--Castlehaven, 
i.  385,  415. — Castlehavcn,  Lord,  ii. 
62,  63,  73  to  76,   83,  84.-.Castle- 
Ilyde,  ii.  466.— Castlemartyr,  i.  236 ; 
ii.   143,  452,  453.— Castle-Mary,  ii. 
206,  261,  439.— Castletown-Roche, 
ii.  110,  HI,  151,473.— CasUc-Town- 
send,  ii.  165, 518— Cat  Fort,ii.  165, 
156,  158,  335. — Catholic  Cathedral, 
ii.  37a  to  374. — Catholic  Confedera- 
tion, ii.  52  to  54  — CecU,  i.  341,  344 
— Cemetrv,  ii.  334.  —  Chantries,  ii. 
409.— CharleviUe    ii.    476,   476.— 
Charles  Fort,  ii.  163,  602.— Charters, 
i.  20,  95  to  98.— Chatham,  ii.  437.— 
Chej-ne,   Bishop,    i.    221   —  Chore 
Abbey,  i.  257. — Christ  Church,  ii. 
312   to   314.  —  Christian  Brothers' 
Schools,  it  537,  338,   380,   SSL- 
Churches  and   Religious  Houses,  i. 
108  to    111,    222,  223;    ii.  20O  to 
202,    215,    «16,   312  to    314,    316, 
317,     323,     334    to    339,    366    to 
377. — Church  l*ropertv,  i.   148;  ii. 
119.— Civil  War,  ii.    52  to   123.— 
Clancare,  i.  193,  194,  198,  203,  204, 
205,  207,  208,  230,  278  to  286,  337. 
— Clancarty,   ii.    119,    141   to    144, 
161,   173,  488  to  490.— Clancarty, 
Ladv,  ii.   119— Clanrickard,  i.  368. 
— clarence,  Duke  of,  i.  82. — Clay- 
tons, ii.  34.— Cloak,  i.  231  to  233.— 
Clonakilty,  ii.   247,   506  to  608.— 
Cloughlea,   ii     72,  73. — Cloyne,   ii. 
410   to   448.— Clubs,   ii.  213,    214, 
231  to  233,  245,  246.— Cocket,  i.  96. 
— Cock- Fighting,  ii.  206. — Coinage, 
i.   169,   183  ;  ii.  3,  146.— Coleman, 
ii.  441.— Collar  of  SS.,  ii.  2,  465, 
466. — Commoners,  i.  106. — Condons, 
i.  230  ;  ii.  72,  464,  467.— Confiscated 
Property,  i.  271  to  275;  ii.  118  to 
120,127,  129,  145,  146,  173,  174.— 
Connough,  i.  275. — Conor,  ii.  248. 
— Convamore,  ii.  470. — Conway,  ii. 
248. — Coolmore,  ii.  4^7. — Coote,  ii. 
124.— Coppinger,  i.  32,  330;  ii.  166, 
451,  520 — Cork  City,  i.  1  to  17,  26, 
65,  66y  78  to  83,  98  to   101,   145, 
147,     146,     151     to    162,    175    to 
217,     234,   SJ40,    259,    260,    293   to 
300— Cork,  Name,  Origin,  Streets, 
and  I*ubllc  Buildings  ol,  ii.  300  to 
339.— Cork,  County  of,  i.  20  to  33.— 
Cork-bog,  ii.  426,  429  to  431.— Cork 
Countess,  ii.  112.— Cork,  First  Earl 
of,  ii.  8,  11,   IJ,  19  to  61,  64,  66, 


66, 71, 7«,  462, 463.— Cork  Harbcnr, 
i.  170  to  172 ;  ii.  234,  422  to  438  — 
Cork-hill,  ii.  112.— Oormac  Mac  Car- 
thy,  i.  7  to  9. — Cormac  Mac  Dermot, 
i.  403  to  41f ,  4«S.— ComwaUia,  ii. 
260  to  266.— Corporation,  IL  176  to 
191^   386,    396.  —  Corporation  Ae- 
coonts,  iL  397  to  400.— CorrabinDy, 
ii.  426.— Coshering,  i.  195,  196  — 
Cot's  rock,  ii  439,  440— Cotter,  Sir 
James,  ii.  166  to  171,  449,  460.— 
Court  Page,  i.  127  to  130,  137  to 
142.— Cowleyg,  i    109,  163,  164  — 
Cox,  Sir  Richard,  ii.  168,  169,  6o8 
to  611  ^Criminals,  ii.  196  to  Isiu^ 
866,  423  to  426— Croft,  Sir  James, 
i.  174.— Crondeoha,  ii.  439,  440, 48 J. 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  i.  310 ;  ii.  67,  89 
to  120.— Culm,  ii.  481.— Currai,  ii. 
228,  242,480.— Customs,  iL  402. 

Daltins,  i.  105.— Danes,  L  2-4,  18, 11*; 
iL  306-307.— Dart,  throwing  of,  i. 
22,  23— Daunts,  ii.  428,  429.— 
Davells,  L  241  — Davies,  Dean,  ii. 

148,  493.— Deasys,  L  31 Deasy,  ii. 

508. — De  Burgo,  L  33. — De  Cogans 

L    20,    24,   25,  31-83,   72,  271 

De  Courcys,  i,  33-41.— J)e  Lacy, 
L  21,  33-39.— Deanes,  L  21.— 
D'Oyer  Hundred,  i.  96.— D'Oyer 
Court  of,  ii.  177-186. — Desmond, 
Earls  of,  Maurice,  Ist  Earl,  i. 
41,  44-49.- Maurice  Oge,  2nd 
Earl,  u  49.  —  John,  3rd  Earl,  L 
60.— Jarrett,  the  poet,  4th  Earl,  i. 
50,  58,  69.— Sir  John,  6th  Earl,  L 
61. — Thomas,  6th  £arl,L  61. — Jame^ 
the  Usurper,  7th  Earl.  i.  69,  62,  72, 
73.— Thomas,  8th  Earl,  i.  74, 80, 83; 
ii.  458,  459. — James,  9th  Earl,  L 
84-86.— Maurice,  10th  Earl,  i.  90- 
93,  113 James  UthEarl  of  Des- 
mond, L  113-117,  121,  183.— 
Thomas,  12th  Earl,  and  old  Countess, 
his  wife,  i.  124-129.— Sir  John,  13th 
Earl,  i.  130-134.— Court  Page,  14lh 

Earl,   L  130  to  166 James,  I6th 

Earl,  L  134-181.— Gerald,  16th  Earl, 
L  184-210,  234-249,  261-266  — 
Diarmaid  Mac  Carthy,  i.  7-26  — 
Dixon,  Bp.,  i.  221.  —  Dominican 
Friars,  ii.  367-371.— Don  Juan  De 
Aquila,  i.  367-383 — Donnell-na- 
Pipy,  i.  286.— Donncahed,  i.  386.— 
Dun-a-long,  L  886;  ii  619. — Done- 

raile,  ii.  84 ;  Conspinunr,  ii.  293 

Downes,  Dive,  ii.  338,  366.— Depo- 


Mam,  u.  5B-61.— Diesa,  i.  ISl,' 
\3i,  160, 231-a;t3.— DrUWe,  i.  413. 
Drake's  Pool,  ii.  427  — Dfiptev,  H. 
ISS.— Dromuia,  i.  IBS,  ii.  €S.— 
Dromagh,  ii.  lU,  411.— Dnirr,  Sir 
WiUiam,  i.  236,  336,  34L,  344— 
DrumneeD  ii.2T7.— DoeUingiiL  lOS. 
Dubai  low,  ii.  116.— Dtmbof  Owtte, 
).  384  402;  ii.  613,  GS4.  — DdUe- 
marke,  i.  41.— Dun-an-Oir,  i.  tS3. 
—  Dungairan,  Lord,  ii.  66,  SB.  — 
DunmaDway,  ii.  60B'51 1.— Don- 
worly  Deads,  ii.  506. 

Edward  IV.  i.,  80.— Egmont,  Uml  — 
Pfircival. —Election  of  Mayor,  Bho- 
riffe  and  Council,  ii.  173  to  1S3.— 
Elizabeth  Fort,  ii.  167.  EmigmtioQ, 
ii.  630. — Enniamore,  Lord,  iL  2S4. — 
Kriu,  i.  SS,  66. — Escheaton,  ii.  31. — 
Essex,  Earl  of,  i.  316-3201  ii  S,  36. 
Evans,  ii.  611,  612. — Exeonlioiit, 
ii,  20*,  206. 

Fair  Gcraldiue,  i  110.— Puniue,  LBT, 
H» ;  ii.  628.- Fuuhawe,  Ladt,  iL  9& 
to  101.— Fvnit,  ii.  434.— Ftntow, 
u.  *8,  97, 108,  468.— Pennoy,  LSlSj 
ii.  440,  464  to  466.— FenDoy,  Lordi, 
ii.  433,  407.  —  FiDn-Barr,  u.  304, 
340-361.— i'iaheiioe,  ii.  fiai,  632.— 
Pitz-Adelm,  i.  21,  3S.  —  FiU-Ed- 
nionds,  i.  30 1 ,  267, 27 1.— Fitzgeraldi, 
i.  41  to  61, OS,  \»6,  187  to 310, 242; 
Jnmcs  Fitz-Maurice,  i.  299  to  343  ; 
Sir  John,  of  Desmond,  i.  180,  300, 
206,  209,  242,  244,  260  to  261  ; 
James  Oge,  i.  24i,  260,  261 ;  James 
Filz-Thomas,  i.  274,  201,  204,  323 


33r,,  348;  ii.  264,  256,  46B.— 
Fit^-Unuiice,  i.  24,  345,  38S.— 
Fim-Slephen,  i.  20  to  26,  41.  ■— 
Fiii-Widtcr,  i.26  — Fiti-William,  i, 
214,  216,  223,— Flax,  ii.  47,  432, 
43;(,  610,  611,— Floods,  ii.  32S,  326, 
— Florence  Mac  Carthj,  i.  230,  284 
lo  280,  336  ti.  353.— Fouly  leland,  ii. 
420,  421.  -Food  Biota,  ii.  311.— 
Foi  friled  Estatea,  i.  371  lo  276  ;  ii, 
145,  146,  17a,  174,  612.— Fortifica- 
tii>[i«,  ii.  234,  426,  436.— Fianciscan 
Monastery,  i,  177  to  l70.r-FTaDce, 
i.  116,  117,  107;  ii.  146-147,  234- 
311.— Freedom  of  the  city,  ii  IBO- 
192.— Funcheon,  ii.  466, — FnneraJs, 
ii,  1!I9. 


s.  ear 

Oerald  Griffin,  ii.  381,— Oiant'i  Stairs, 
ii.  4D6-loa.— Gill  Abbey,  ii,  166. 
168,  3ia,  341-943.— Guickell,  ii. 
160,  170.— Gl&ndore,  ii.  614,  623.— 
Glanworth,  ii  467— Olenbrook  Hotel 
and  Baths,  ii.  406.  —  Glenbrook 
Honae,  iL  406.— Glibbes,  i,  ISl,  231. 

—  Gouldfi,   i.   32;    ii.    I,    IT,   410. 

—  Oongane-Batro,  ii.  306,  341- 
343. — Gra)',  Liird  Leonard,  i.  134-6 
144-145,  161-168.— Grandison,  i. 
4i.~-Granon,  Du]<e,  ii.  168._OTat- 
tun,  ii.  360, 367,  308  —Great  Island, 
i  29.  30;u,  410  421.- Gr^jr,  Lord 
Lord  Arthur,  i.  a62'366.— Qteen- 
CoaC  School,  ii.  376  — Gren;,  ii, 
204,  206. 

Hammond,  ii.  106. —  Hoiperi,  i,  78, 
336.— Ham  Money,  i.  183.— Har- 
bonr  Board,  ii.  400,  401.  Hare,  if. 
263.- Haulbonlinu,  ii.  8,  9,  111, 
420,  426.— Hawke,  Admiral,  ii.436, 
437.— lledgea,    Wliite,    u.    484.— 

Henry  IL,  i.  16,  20,  21 Hodnetti, 

ii.420,606.— Uo^n,  John,  ii.  334.— 
HoriDhoTt,!.  104,106. — Hospitalitv, 
i.  H3.— HooMi,    iL   620  —Howard, 

John,    ii     196 Hungerforda,   ii. 

60fi  — Hnnks,  ii.  07,  410. 

ImiikillT,  barony  of,  I  30;  ii.  439.— 
iDchiqiiin,  Lord,  ii.  60-70,  77,  78, 
86.88,  97,  08,  263.- iDehidoBny,  ii. 
606.  —  luiabanuan,  ii.  498;  Inoii. 
(,'una,  i.  321  — Irelon,  ii.  108,  114, 
117.— Iriah  Brigade,  ii.  146. 

Juils,ii.  364-366. — James  Pitimaurice, 

i.  236-243 James  I.  city  refuseito 

proclaim  him,  t.  1-17,— Jamea  II. 
li,  138-140,  438  — JelEreys,  ii.  196, 
360,  401.  — Jephsons,  i.  2B3 ;  ii 
57,  6H,  102,  103.— Jobbery  in  Iha 
Council,  ii.  1B3-188.— John  i.  JO, 
34— Jonte,  ii.  36,  83,  89,  107, 
lOS.— JubUoo  faniily,  li.  483. 

Eanturk,ii.  470,  480.- Eeine,  I  102, 
lia.— Kildar^i.  108.118-123,126, 
143.  — Kilbrituin,  i.  73;  ii.  608, 
e03.—Eiloiea  Abbey,  i.   85,  408; 

ii.  113,  123,  48.'>-187 Kilcolamon, 

i.  314,  316.  — Killesgh,  i.  30;  ii. 
463,  454,  — Kilwarden,  Lord,  ii. 
243— Kilworth,    ii.    466— Einal. 


538 


UISTORY   OF   CORK. 


285,  354-374;  ii.  87,  102,  108,  110, 
144, 145,4y8-503.— Kin*alc,Lord,ii. 
1 18.— KnighU  Fees,  i.  32  — Knock - 
naclashy,  ii.  114-117. — Knockninoss, 
ii.  86,  86,  474. 

Labor  Market,  ii.  529. — Lambert  Sim- 
nel,  i.  88,  89. — Lane's  Institution,  ii. 
330. — Latin,   i.    160.     Le   Gros,   i. 
25.— Lee  River,  ii.  403-410. — Leper 
Hospital,     ii.     336,     463.— Liberal 
Partv,  ii.  176. — Liscarrol,  ii.  68,  69, 
84,  475 —Literature,  i.  61,  59,  64, 
68,  76,  80.— Lixnau,  Baron  of,  i.  24, 
345.— Lobott  Castle,  ii.  478,  479.— 
Loneiield,  ii.  206,266 — Longueville, 
Lord,  ii.  2G4,  265. — Lords  Jufltices, 
i.    33. — Lougb  of  Cork,  ii.   154. — 
Loch    Eire,    ii.    305  — Lougbguirc 
Castle,  i.  326. — Lowe,  George  Bond, 
ii.  293. — Lunatic  Asylum,  ii.  366. — 
Lysbin  Castle,  i.  327.  — Lyon,  Bisbop, 
ii.  13. 199,  353, 354.— Lysagbt,  Xed, 
u.  404. 

Mac  Allisdrum,  ii.  85, 86. — MacCartbys 

i.  1,5,  7,9,  12,  17,  23,27,31,39, 

46,  46,  69,  71,  73,  84,  86-87,  113, 

116,  160,  171,  227,  228,  230,  390; 

ii.    63,   116,    141,   146,    161.— Mac 

Cartby,  Cormac,i.5-9. — MacCarthy, 

Diarmaid,  i.  9,  12,  17,  23-27,  31  ; 

ii.  347-349.— M'Cartby,  Florence,  i. 

66,  230,  «82,  286,331, 363— Cormac 

MacDermott,  403-412.— MacCartby, 

Laider,  i.  85  ;  ii.  486. — Mac  Cartby 

of  Duballow»  ii.  116,  480. — Maclise, 

Daniel,  ii.  320. — Mac  Mabons,  ii.  24, 

406-408,    461.  —  Mac  Sweeny s,    i. 

229.— Mac  Eggan,  i.  396,  407,  419, 

422.— MacGillicuddy,  ii.  169,  161- 

172— Macroom,  ii.  113,  483,484.— 

Macroom  Castle,  i.  408. — MacTirid, 

i.  25 ;  ii.  453— Maguirc,  i.  322, 323.— 

M  ttj,'ner,  ii.  1 09.— Mabons,  ii.  406-408 

— Mabonys,  see  Mabons. — Mallow,  i. 

292,   334;  ii    5o-61,  84,  110,   161, 

246,  247,  473.— Mallow  Butcber,  ii. 

143,  144.— Mallow  lane,  ii.  193.— 

Manners   and    Customs,    i.    231. — 

Marlborough,  ii.  161-164 Martello 

Towers,  ii.  426. — Mayors  of  Cork,  i. 
!^4.— Mayors  and  Sheriffs  of  Cork, 
ii.  386-396.— Matbcw,  Rev.  Tbeob.ad 
ii.  334.-Mcades,  ii.  8-17,  6^2.— 
Merchants,  ii.  176,  192-196.— Mid- 
leton,  i.  267;  ii.,  452.  —  MiU- 
Btrcet,  ii.  481.  —  Mines,  ii.  626- 
627.— Mitcbclstown,    ii,    84,    468- 


470.— Money,  i.  183,  1»4.— IdonVs- 
town,  ii.  409,  410. — Monkstowu 
Castle,  ii.  410. — Moorea,  ii.  467. — 
Mortimer,  Earl  of  March,  L  71. — 
Mountjoy,  i.  358-376,  381,  882, 
390;  ii.2-17.— Moontcashel,!!.  141, 
467. — Mountganet,  ii.  66. — Moume 
Abbey,  i.  114. — Mojlan,  B  C.  Arch- 
bishop of  Cork,  ii  249. — Monster, 
i.  1. — Murage,  i»  96. — ^MuskeriTf 
Lord  of,  i.403-412.— MuskerrvLor^, 
64-56, 66. 66, 1 14-^120, 129,488-490. 

Nagle,  Sir  Richard,  iL  14^,  167,  168, 
472,  473.— Names  in  City,  ii.  1.— 
Newmans,  ii.  478. — ^Newmarket,  ii. 
480.— Norman  Conqnest,  L  13-18.— 
Norman  Castles,  i.  27-28. — Nonn«n« 
in  Ireland,  i.  99,  100. — Norcott,  1). 
ii.  293.— Norreys,  i.  269,  270,  283, 
286,  289,  291,  317,  318 ;  ii.  67.— 
Nugent,  John,  1.  828-330. 

O'Briens,  i.  1-12  ;  iL  84.— O'Calla^- 
hans,  ii.  117,  477. — O'Conncll  m 
Cork,  ii.  293-295.— (yConor,  IJennot 
i.  323  327.— CConor,  Kerry,  L  414, 
416.— CDaly,  i.  66,  67,  228.— 
CDonoTans,  L  1-6,  890;  ii  63,  161, 
164,  614-517.- O'Donndl,  Hogh 
Roe,  i.  287,  288, 361,  862, 363, 414* 
416.— O'Driscolls,  i.  69,  227,  887, 
390,  402,  414  \  ii.  166,  619,  5S0.— 
CHea's,  i.  31.— (yXeeffes,  i  228 ; 
ii.  464,  482.— (VLearys,  ii.  485- 
487.— O'Lethan,  i.  29, 30.--0'More, 
i.  294.— O'Mahonjs,  i.  1-3,  227.— 
O'Neill,  Hugh,  i.  288-291,  320, 
321.  — O'SulHyans,  i.  137;  ii  63, 
117,  161,  523-625.  — (TSalliTan 
Beare,  i  170,  193,  194,  196,  198, 
364,  366,  384-402,  410,  416,  417; 
ii.  523.6?6.  —  Old  Countess  of 
Desmond,  i.  124-127. —  OUamhs, 
i.  61,  77.  — Old  Fort,  ii.  164.— 
Ormonds,  i.  26,  117  123,  149-160, 
164,  184-186,  192,  193,  246,  263, 
264,  262-266;  ii.  76,  86-89,  127, 
160 — Orrery,  ii.  136,  136.— QTens, 
ii.  487. 

Palace,  i.  196. — ^Paper  Mills,  ii.  486.— 
Parliamentary  Earl,  i.  333-336  — 
Parliaments,    i.    270. — ParliameDt, 

Irish,  ii.    257,   268 Parliament, 

Mimbers,  ii.  269-286. — Parliament, 
Fu^^lish,  Cit^,  Coimty,  and  Borough 
Mcmbexs,  ii.  300- 303.  —  Patrick's 
Bridge,  ii.  324-328.— Pelham,  Sir 


ass 


TMUiam,  i.  J45,  246,  261,  252.— 
I'taal  Laws.ii.  4eti.— Penna,  ii.  119, 
120,  447,  484.— Perkin  Warbeck,  i. 
00-94.— Porrott,  Sir  John,  i.  210, 
211,  31S-ai7,  225,  235,  269,  287-- 
Pcrcirals,  ii.  68. — Penoculion,  il. 
131--134,  \37,  175,  486.— Pbaij,  ii. 
98,  9a,  99,  109,  120,  126,  488.— 
riiilip.  King  of  Spain,  L  380, 381.— 
PirBCT,i.  168,170-172 -Piikpocketa 
ii.  205.— Pile,  ii.  120-123.- PiUorj, 
ii.205,20K.—Pioto,ii.  78-82,99  101, 
123.- Poer,i.21.— Poet^i.64-88.— 
I'oer  II end,  ii.  433.— Politica,  ii.  216, 
217,  231-233,  245-286,  293-31X1.— 
I'npnlntioii,  ii.  628-630. — Piicim,  u. 
21^,  213,  423-425.- PriiiMS,  ii.  196- 
I9fi,365.— PsalterofCasbeVi  75,76. 
^Purcell,  Sir  John,  ii.  288-292.-- 
Vn-ilejf,  ii.  623-625.— Pjkes,  ii, 
120.123,  159,  160,  422. 

Qiiiikera,  ii.  120-123,  131-134,  169, 
I  GO.— Queen'!  College,  ii,  362-364  — 
CJMccnatown,  ii.  414  416. — Qneens- 
Inwn  Uarbour,  ii,  416,— QneeuBtoTn 
Yacht  Club,  ii.  414. 

Ealeiffh,  Sir  Walter,  i.  252,  257- 
a.iO;  ti  8  — Baleivh,  Carew  ii.  31, 
10,  430.- Raleigh,  Wat,  ii,  34.— 
RnpparecB  and  Tories,  ii  188,360.- 
KayiDond  Le  Gros,  i,  23.— Rebellion 
in  the  city,  ii-  1  17.— Rebellion  or 
Ciril  War  of  1041-1660;  ii.  62- 
123— Rebellion  of  IT98,  ii.  (45- 
23-1.— Red-Abbej'.  ii.  99,  142.— 
liclijrion,  ii.  4,  76,  84,  B5,  108,  109, 
1113, 194,200-202,— Religious  Folin- 
il.itiaD!',  *M  Churches  and  RtUgioue 
HoiiMis.  —  Revenues,  i.  223.  — 
Bichard  III.,  i    125  — Rincrew,  i. 

187 RinEione,   i.    45;    ii,    163 — 

Itinnaskidil;,  ii.  411. — Itinuccini, 
ii.  B4,  8.i—EiotiDp,ii.  201-211,— 
Unckv,  ii-  411,  420.— Roches,  i. 
30,  31,  4R,  135,  204,  209,  258, 
S-VJ,  200,  2(t7,  423  ;  ii.  9,  10, 
13,  110,  111,  240,  264,  422,  484, 
465,  470,  471.— Roche,  Sir  Boyle, 
ii  .360-268— Roniij-nos.  i.  30;  ii. 
407,'tOH,422  — RoB1ellan,ii.84,436- 
438.— Rosa,  Bishop  of,  ii.  113,  612, 
613.— Bound  Towers,  ii.  442-444.— 
Ropl  Cork  Inalitution,  ii.  318,321- 
Hoyal  Yncht  Cluh,  ii.  414  — Rulara, 
i..!.l.  31,  11,44,  40,  50,  71,  SO,  81, 
H->,  1:8.  (i9,  ma.  112,  1P3,  114,  117 
IW,   ]■:*,  l.U,    134,  135,  137,   167, 


174,  181,  193,  IBS,  104,  211,  221- 
S35,  287-293,  246,  259,  2«S;  ti.  18, 
19,  40-43,  147,  3S4,  385.— Rapert, 
Frinoe,  ii.  87,  83.- Rupait'a  lowar, 
ii.  431 Bojiell,   Sir  Willian,  i. 


Sabbnth  Breaking,  u.  30?,  203,  iOS,— 
Sailors'  Uomca,  ii,  S24,  416,  416. — 
Baleen, ii.  434  — SuaSeldf,  ii.7,  336. 
Sarsfield  Court,  iL  121,  186.— Saun- 
der?.  Dr.  i.  !41.— Srhool  of  Design, 
ii.  318-3(1  — Sehoola  and  School- 
niiiitetB,i.  77.— Soolt.SirWnllor,  in 
Cork,  ii.  320,  311.— Scot*!  Church, 
ii.  382 — Shandon  Castle,  i.  336, 
407  I  ii.  13, 14, 153,  307.— Shannon, 
Lard,ii.  114,261.- 8hana,ii.409.'- 
SberilTa,    ii.  366-396.— Shean,  ii. 

219.    231,    (60-255,    370,    S77 

Bioge  of  Cork,  ii,  161-163  -Silken 
Tliumaa,  i.  1 10.— Simnel,  Lambert,  L 
88,83.— Sir  John,  of  Desmond,  i.  200, 

204,  SU,  236,  (59,  261 SirCormao 

MacTei^e,  i.  267,  268.— Skiddf,  i. 
32.  17S,  189,  200,  201,  203;  ii. 
37o— Skiddy'a  Alms  Houie,  ii. 
37S— Skiddy  Casllo,  ii.  II,  12  - 
Skibbcreen,  li-  618. — Smcrwick,  i. 
2,18-266,- South  InfinnaiT,  ii  32ft— 
Boulhwell.  ii,  140  — Spaolsa  Shipc, 
i.  S07-— Speniah  t  Italian  Lauding, 
i.  236,  243,  253-166  — Spaniards  at 
Kinsale,  i.  354-374, — Spenser  the 
Poet,  and  his  desceadanls,  i.  254, 
296,  315.— Spenser,  ii  224,  329' — 
Spain,  corr^iondeDce  with,  i,  360, 
383,— BpikeIsl»nd,ii.422-426;8piko 
Island  Priaon,  ii.  423-426;  Spike 
Island  Fort,  ii  426,- Stanley,  Sir 
John,  i.  68— State  of  Society,  i.  61- 
68,  60,  61,  84-87,  97,  SO  112,  123, 
225 ;  ii.  202-216 —State  Policr,  i. 
127-129,  323,  363;  ii.  2— 3uta 
Ctan.   i.   376,  376  —Strafford,  ma 


i.  197,  239.  240 —St  Anne's 
don, ii. 374,  375.- St.Lukk*s,  ii.383, 
383 —SL  Leger,   Anthony,  i.  137- 
144,  166, 159, 160, 162  167  ;  ii.  474; 
S^  Warham,  206,  206,208,209,211, 
212.282,383,  331,  Sas;SirWilliam, 
ii  20,  65,  66,  66,  87.— St  Mary's  of 
the  Isle,  i.  179,  180 ;  ii-  371,  37''  — 
St.  Mary's  Bhandon,  ii.  ^""i.- 
Panl's  Church,  ii.  317.~        P 
Church,   ii.  314— St.  Cu 
441.— SuUonc,  ii,  483.-! 


540 


HISTORY   OF   COBK. 


464, 466.— Surgery,  i.  176.— Surrey, 
Lord,  i.  108, 114 — Suseex,  i.  182  — 
Swanton,  ii.  «43,  244.— Swift,  Detn, 
ii.  198,  623.—  Sydney,  Sir  Henry,  i. 
198,  199,  206,  226 ;  li.  1,  3. 

Taaffe,  Lord,  ii.  86,  86, 94-96.— Talbot, 
Sir  John,  i.  68.— Taniitry,  i.  62,  63, 
69-71.— Thomondfl,  ii.  263,  486.— 
Thornton,  Sir  George,  i.  423. — 
Thornton,  ii.  7,  9,  13,  14,  17.— 
Throwing  the  Dart,  i.  22,  23  ;  ii. 
412.— Timoleague,  ii.  604.— Tiptoft, 
i.  81,  8«.— Town  Council,  ii.  886.— 
Townsend,  ii.  98,  167,  166.— Tra- 
bolgan,  ii.  249,  431,  43«,— Tracton, 
i.  206.— Tracton  Abbey,  ii.  428.— 
Trade  Riots,  ii.  ;f09,  210  —Travel- 
ling, ii.  406,  406.— Trotter,  John 
Bernard,  ii.  361,  474  — Tyrconnell, 
ii.  140, 141, 167,168.— Tyrrell,  Cap- 
tain, i.  294,  388,  401,  402,  410,413, 
417,  423. 

Undertakers,  i.  272,  278. — UniacVe,  ii. 
464— Union,  ii.  269268.— Upton, 
ii.  494. 


VavBtoar,  Sir  Chailei,  ii.  65,  66,  68, 
72-74,  77.— ViUicra,  u.  19,  460— 
y  olontem,  Citr  and  Countjr  of  Coi^ 
ii.  2l7-280.~Y08teii,  iL  408. 

Wallace,  ii.  120.  •— Walten,  John, 
Mayor  of  Cork,  hanged,  i  90,  94. — 
Warbeck.  Perkin,  i.  00-94.— Wane, 

ii.   266 —Water  Clnh,  ii.   412 

Waterford,  ii.  16— Water  Works, 
ii.  366.— Wentworth,  Lord,  ii.41-61. 
— Whiteboys,  ii.  287-9^93. — ^White- 

?Bte,  ii.   438. —White- Knighta,  L 
36,  336,  848  ;  ii.  468 William 

III.,  ii.  148-160,  438.~inimot,  ii. 
10,  If,  17— mw,  u.  436,— Wiie, 
WilMam,  i.  147.— Wolfe  Tone,  iL 
238  245.  _ WoUiD'B,  BeT.  Cbailea, 
Graye,  ii.  417-419.  —  WolMy.  i. 
108, 109  — Workhonw,  Cotk  Un»n, 
ii.  330-383. 

Toughal  College,  L  80 ;  iL  37-40,  461, 
462 ;  Harbour,  iL  456,  467  ;  Town, 
i.  224;  u.  65,  98,  99,  108,  110,  114, 
448,  455-463. 


fay    BHOTHER8,    PRINTEH8,    26    AMD   27,   AOADEMT  BTinT,   CORK. 


OPINIONS    OF    THE    PRESS. 


DAILY     EXPRESS. 

Hr.  Oibsoii  if  deepl;  read  in  the  antiqaitieB  and  histoir  of  Ireland.  He  hM 
written  two  Tomancea,  [DUaded  on  portionB  of  our  annals.  Uo  iia  diligent  blook- 
lottoi  student,  giien  to  lUBloricid  research,  and  j'eta  liiverof  Ihe  pirtiirsamie,  and 
lias  the  bapp;  fscolt)'  Of  prodncing  life-like  pictnres  of  thu  past.  Wi^  ull 
these,  he  has  a  pnctical  turn  uf  mind,  an  eye  to  atilitj,  and  a  constant  mroeptioQ 
of  the  actualitiea  arotrndhini.  H»  'a  an  original  thinker,  a  trun  pntnot.  A>  a 
I'rotOBlant,  eameet  jet  tolerant,  and  napuUe  uf  sjmpatLiBing  with  eaineat  aod 
true  men  of  all  a^  and  all  churche>.  Ilia  stylo  u  terse,  nointfd.  aad  Cordble. 
Sui:h  a  man  is  eminentlj  qualified  to  write  a  histor;  cf  that  beautiful  city  encla«ed 
b;'  "  the  spreading  Lee," — that  cit^  whiib,  in  the  olden  times,  muds  tta  EagUah 
rihiturs  the  be«t  cheer  they  ever  had  in  llit>ii  lives, — whooe  eune  are  so  dtsUoguinlied 
by  their  talents  and  learning  in  the  Tariaus  professions  which  they  adorn,  and 
which  is  so  rapidly  adTanj^ing  in  prosperity.  The  fiist  Tulume  of  the  History  baa 
not  disajipointed  the  high  expectatioiu  of  uie  poblic.  It  is  a  TaluAhU  oontribaliou 
to  our  hutorie  literature. 

CORK     EXAMINER. 


success,  to  aveid  the  prosinesi  which  threatens  a  book,  dealing  with  rery  ancient 
chronicles,  that  hold  httle  more  tbaa  names,  dates,  genoalt^ss,  and  ■  few  striking 
cvpnis ;  and  even  the  driest  part  of  Mb  work— tliat  embracmp  the  period  from  the 
lOth  to  the  12th  centuries— is  scarcely  formidable  enouKh  to  daunt  the  most 
frivolous  reader.  To  local  readers  the  value  of  mch  a  book  as  thia  must  b«  self- 
evident  One  can  scarcely  travel  Rve  miles,  through  ai)y  part  of  the  County  of 
C<>rk.  without  seeing  the  time-defying  remains  of  some  Castle,  that  had  once  been 
a  fiirtress  of  Ibo  Desmond,  the  M'C'arthy,  the  CSuUiTan,  or  some  other  of  the 

nt  tribes  that  so  long  vindicated  the  independence  of  the  country  against  foreign 
inntion.  A  glance  at  this  work  endows  the  dry  stones  with  life.  The  author, 
in  lirinj^n^  his  narra^ve  to  the  point  at  which  ire  And  it,  has  not  only  displayed 
much  cnre,  but  has  evidently  striven  to  be  imiMrtial,  and  has  eretjwhere  wnght 
tu  ultord  knonled^  rather  than  gratify  prejudica. 

CORK    CONSTITUTION. 

Mr  Cibson  has  faithfiilly  realized  his  promise*,  and  a  respMtable  octaTO  of 
over  434  pages  {as  a  Grst  insliilmentj  has  emanated  &om  bis  pea,  tuUj  jnttifyiiig 
llic  public  expcclotinn  that  it  would  be  a  work  in  all  respects  worthy  to  represent 
this  great  and  wealthy  county  en  the  shelvea  of  every  pahlio  and  private  fibrarj. 
Throui;hout  the  work  t\ie  learned  author  has  eihibited  a  minute  aoquaintance  with 
his  subject.  Mr.  Gibson,  in  a  clear  and  able  manner,  iltnstrates  the  leading  events 
of  the  History  of  the  County  of  Cork,  and  aa  the  reader  travels  with  him  along 
this  unexplored  path,  he  captiiataa  him  with  the  charm  he  sheds  aronnd  the  re- 
laiuiaceucGG  which  every  castle,  abbey,  lordly  manor,  orandent  battleBeldniggetta- 


)PINIONS    OF    THE    PRESS. 


DAILY     EXPRESS. 
Mr.  Oibson  if  dwplj  rewl  in  the  antiqaitui  and  hutmr  of  Ir«)nd.    H*  im 
ittcn  twi)  rumanren.  fimniled  ud  poitiooi  o(  oui  umali.     He  k  a  4Uig«a  bkrib- 
tei  gliiileni,  pitiT  to  hir  :i ,  and 

1  tli8   happy    facuUy   o      ■  ■      ..  ; „  ,    |.„.l        A  „h  41 

•»B.  ho  has  a  practical  lu:„  [  ,..,■„.:.  ...  ,m  ;.,  u^;.L,,  au^  ^  t.j;..^;t  j.,iU'iition 
the  actuulilii'S  oruiiDd  hiin  11>  L>  au  <j(i[iiial  tlimkor,  a  liiw  patriot.  Ai  a 
otfclKDl,  L'STDL'st  Vet  (cUraiit.  uid  capablo  of  ifinpatliuiiiB  «itil  mnatf  aad 
le  nitn  <■(  all  a).fa  auil  all  cliiircbea  Ilia  Ajla  la  lont,  polDttd,  and  (bniU*. 
.ch  a  niiui  if  iniiuciitljr  q^u'ilili^d  to  irriUi  a  hiMoi;  of  that  bMBlifDl  cilj  gnnlfod 

"(he  fpri'sding  I.ec"— thai  ciri  nhii-h.  ID  tbt  oldan  timw, mad* ila BnriWi 
iili<nitWUst  I'ht-erthejre.ti  Lad  id  tbuiiUrca,— vhuw  xiu  an  an  diatupiMbad 

thtir  talents  and  U«nimg  in  the  larioiu  dtoImboim  whicb  liurj  adora,  and 
lich  is  HI  lupirilr  adranciu^  in  [^Mpcrily.  Tlu  fliat  Tolnma  of  ttw  HiMorj  baa 
t  diiHi[>|><iiDti-d  thehi)[h  t'lpL-ctalioDa  uf  UupuUic.  It  ii  ftTiln^*  oai'~~~*~'~~ 
our  fauturic  litortiturc. 

CORK     EXAMINER. 


rccu.  til  avoid  Ilie  nroiinea*  irhich  thrsatem  a  book,  daaliaf  with  T«n  n.  _ 
r..niA.'.  thai  hM  little  mote  than  munaa,  dalaa,  ft«DMla^  and  ■  bw  abOd^ 
iulK  ,  ami  I'Vrii  tlii'  itrit'il  port  ot  hii  work— thai  embraciDS  the  pariod  fron  th* 
iih  til  111!'  l;2ih  ccnttirica— is  scanelj  fonuidabl*  gnooxli  to  datiBt  tha  ma*t 
ivvliiu:.  ri:>drr.  T"  lnuil  readun  tlie  value  ofaucb  a  book  aa  tU*  U«t  b«  aalf- 
ident  <  In.-  i  mi  siarc.^Iv  travel  live  nilea.  thronifh  aqy  part  of  tha  Contr  *t 
•rk.  Hillioiil -irinit  the  timc-di'l'vin)c  remain!  of  lome  CMla,  tb«t  bftdowa  bMB 
foitrr-s  :(  the  n.'Kiiinnd.  the  MH'arlby,  the  O'SoIliTan,  or  aoM  etbv  of  thi 
eat  tnlii'i  ili:it  eu  loiit;  <  indicated  the  independanee  of  Ih*  oonBbT  againathniga 
iniin.iii'n      A  ^■Iniici'  at  this  work  cndon  Ihe  drjrctooeo  with  lifa.    Tb*  antbor. 

KrLTi^'iiiL'  hi-  riitrrativf'  U>  the  point  at  wfaiob  wa  And  it,  baa  not  doIt  dinland 
iich  ciri',  i>iLt  h^is  I'videiiilv  ftriicn  to  be  inuttitial,  and  baa  aniTwban  aaiybt 

iiiliTil  kiiMuliil/i  rather  t'Lan  gratify  prajaotB*. 

CORK     CON      riTUTlO 

Mr  liil«on  ban  faitbfuIlT  realiied  a 

ir  424  ]iaK>'t  [u  a  llrtt  inrlalment)  b_  «. 

!■  ]>i.Mii'  i'\|i>>'Uliii[i  that  it  would  be  a  -v..        L 
iii<  k-ri':il  und  wi^dihv  cc.unly  on  the  abeWea  „  -  ^ 

br<"i;.-li<'iil  Ihi  Hi'tk  tbe  learned  author  baa  eil  ■ 

i<  lulijK't     Mr  riihtiin.  in  a  cleat  and  ableiDti ,  i      ^  i 

!  till'  in-.(..[y  :!  the  County  of  Cork,  an^  -         n.       .. 
ii>  uibet]pl.ind  [lalh,  he  mptivaleii  bii"  "  j 

,ini"  ■  iici-ii  "liiih  evfrr  nutle,  atbry,  loi  i,  ^,