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n 


HISTORY 


Dorchester  County 


MARYLAND 


ELIAS     JONES 


;  > 


Copyright,  1902 

BY 

ELIAS    JONES 


CONTENTS. 


DIVISION  I. 

Introductory  to  the  History  of  Dorchester  County. 

Chapter      I 13 

II 19 

III 21 

IV 26 

DIVISION  II. 

Early  History  of  Dorchester  County. 

Chapter     I 31 

n 37 

in 39 

IV 46 

V S3 


t* 
tt 
n 
tt 


Towns  and  Their  Descriptions. 

Chapter    VI 59 

VII 63 

VIII 71 

IX 79 

X 87 

XI 91 

XII loi 


1 1 

1 1 
1 1 
1 1 
tt 


Church  History. 

Chapter  XIII 107 

XIV 117 

XV 131 


tt 


Old  Burying  Grounds. 

Chapter  XVI 137 

Elections  and  Political  History. 

Chapter    XVII 141 

XVIII 157 


<« 


Miscellaneous  History  (Colonial). 

Chapter  XIX 159 


4  CONTENTS 

Indian  History. 

Chapter  XX 170 

Colored  Race  in  Dorchester  County. 

Chapter  XXI 178 

Domestic  and  Social  Life  in  Colonial  Days. 

Chapter  XXII 181 

County  Folklore  and  Superstitions. 

Chapter  XXIII 189 

Revolutionary  Period. 

Chapter    XXIV 197 

XXV 206 

XXVI 221 

XXVII 231 

County  Products  and  Resources. 

Chapter  XXVIII 240 

War  of  1812-15. 

Chapter  XXIX 247 

Education— Schools. 

Chapter  XXX 254 

Federal  and  Confederate  Soldiers  from   Dorchester  County 
IN   Civil  War,  1861-65. 
Chapter  XXXI 258 

Dorchester  County  from  Another  Point  of  View. 

Chapter    XXXII 264 

Historical  Notes. 

Chapter  XXXIII 266 

DIVISION  IIL 

Family  History,  Genealogy  and  Biography. 

Chapter   I 269 

APPENDIX. 

Numerous  Civil  Lists  of  County,  State  and  National  Officials 
OF  Dorchester  County  and  List  of  Federal  Soldiers  from 
the  County  in  the  Civil  War  of  1861-65. 


List  of  Illustrations. 


FACIMO 
PAOI 

Castle  Havev --Frtmtisfiiece, 

Baptist  Mission  Church - 76 

Bethel  African  M.  £.  Church 180 

Cambridge  High  School 254 

Carroll  Tombs 280 

Christ  P.  E.  Church 136 

coats-of-arms: 

Carroll 275 

Goldsborough-Henry 299 

Hooper 319 

Keene 335 

Lake 342 

Vans  Murray 394 

County  Jail 58 

Court  House 52 

Dorchester  House  (Colonial) 68 

DoRSEY  Wyvill  House 284 

East  New  Market  High  School 86 

Edmondson  House 90 

Grace  M.  E.  Church,  South 78 

Hambrook 304 

Hambrook  Bay 12 

Hicks  Monument 318 

Hooper  Houses 88 

Lee  Mansion  ^Colonial) 98 


INTRODUCTORY  TO  THE  HISTORY  OF 
DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 


As  history  is  but  the  record  of  past  events,  dependent  on 
some  primary  cause,  so  we  find  the  origin  of  Dorchester 
County  and  its  early  development  to  be  what  the  founders 
and  early  settlers  of  Maryland  made  it.  Therefore,  to  show 
the  relation  of  the  county  to  the  province,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  its  makers,  and  to  invite  a  deeper  interest  in  our 
ancestors  of  colonial  times,  a  brief  sketch  is  here  first  given 
of  the  Calvert  family,  the  Lord  Proprietaries  of  Maryland, 
the  charter  privileges  granted  Lord  Baltimore  by  the  King 
of  England,  the  rules  and  laws  from  time  to  time  proclaimed 
by  the  Proprietaries,  Governors  and  Council,  either  with  or 
without  approval  of  the  Assemblies,  and  other  events  that 
shaped  the  course  and  progress  of  the  colony  that  led  to  the 
formation  of  Dorchester  County.  Readers  familiar  with 
Maryland  history  may  omit  this  chapter. 


PREFACE. 


This  fragmentary  collection  of  local  history  and  biography  is 
only  a  glimpse  at  the  interesting  events  occurring  in  Dorchester 

County  from  its  origin,  two  hundred  and  thirty-three  years  ago, 
to  the  present  day.  In  compiling  this  local  record,  references  to 
State  events  and  people  have  been  frequently  made  in  order  to 
explain  the  cause  and  effect  of  local  acts  which  have  had  their 
influences  in  county  affairs.  Especially  has  it  been  the  purpose 
to  note  the  names  of  the  promoters  of  the  county  as  well  as  to 
mention  their  deeds. 

In  this  fast  age  of  book  and  newspaper  literature  when  every 
inmate  of  the  American  home  must  daily  read  the  current  hisr 
tory  of  the  world  as  it  transpires,  there  is  no  reasonable  excuse 
why  a  history  of  Dorchester  County  should  not  be  published. 

It  has  been  the  desire  of  the  author  to  give  a  truthful  narration 
of  the  events  treated,  and  while  the  diction  may  not  be  all  that 
could  be  desired,  it  is  set  forth  as  an  earnest  effort,  to  which  the 
reader  is  asked  to  bestow  that  indulgence  which  the  work  merits. 
If  due  credit  has  not  been  given,  either  by  reference  or  quotation, 
for  any  language  used  in  this  book,  it  is  an  act  of  unintentional 
omission. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  insert  a  list  of  references  and  names  of  per- 
sons to  whom  the  author  is  indebted  for  aid  and  information  in 


lO  PREFACE 

compiling  this  work,  and  much  gratitude  is  due  to  librarians  and 

court  officers  for  the  liberty  of  access  to  the  books  and  records 

in  their  keeping. 

Owing  to  the  loss  or  destruction  of  some  of  the  provincial 

records  of  Maryland  and  the  County  Court  records  of  Dorchester 

County,  a  complete  list  of  the  Council  and  Assembly  Delegates, 

Court  Justices  and  Sheriffs  of  that  period  could  not  be  obtained 

for  publication. 

Elias  Jones. 

Baltimore y  December y  1902, 


SOURCES  AND  REFERENCES  FROM  WHICH  THE 

HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

HAS  BEEN  COMPILED. 


CONTRIBUTORS. 

Mrs.  Hester  Dorsey  Richardson. 

Miss  Pink  Jacobs. 

Mrs.  Dr.  G.  L.  Hicks  and  family. 

Levin  Straughn. 

Hon.  Jas.  S.  Shepherd. 

Mr.  Richard  P.  Lake. 

Mr.  James  Wallace. 

Hon.  Robert  G.  Henry,  M.  Worthington  Goldsborough, 
Col.  Wm.  S.  Muse,  Charles  Lake,  Hon.  W.  F.  Applegarth, 
Hon.  Phil.  L.  Goldsborough,  Wm.  C.  Anderson,  John  W. 
Fletcher,  John  G.  Mills,  Jas.  H.  C.  Barrett,  Alfred  R.  Steuart, 
Francis  P.  Corkran,  Jasper  Nicols,  Enoch  Lowe,  Esq.,  Dr. 
H.  F.  Nicols,  John  E.  Harrington,  Jas.  W.  Craig,  Dr.  James 
L.  Bryan,  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Williams,  Dr.  B.  W.  Golds- 
borough,  Hon.  Clement  Sulivane,  William  F.  Drain,  Rev. 
Dr.  W.  L.  McDowell,  John  T.  Moore,  Jeremiah  P.  Hooper, 
Charles  M.  Davis,  Milton  G.  Harper,  James  Todd,  Mrs. 
Fannie  Mister,  Miss  May  Stevens,  Wm.  M.  Marine. 

George  W.  McCreary,  Librarian  Maryland  Historical 
Society. 

From  Public  Records. — Maryland  Historical  Society, 
Maryland  State  Library,  Maryland  Land  Record  Office, 
Enoch   Pratt   Free   Library,   Baltimore;   Peabody   Library, 


12  SOURCES  AND  REFERENCES 

Baltimore;  Dorchester  County  Circuit  Court  Records,  Dor- 
chester County  Orphans'  Court  Records,  Dorchester  County 
Register  of  Wills'  Records,  Dorchester  County  Commission- 
ers' Records,  United  States  Treasury  Department. 

Newspapers. — Maryland  Gazette y  Annapolis;  Baltimore 
American  and  Commercial  Advertiser,  Federal  Republican,  Bal- 
timore; Republi<:an  and  Star,  Easton;  Democrat  and  News, 
Cambridge;  Dorchester  Era,  Cambridge;  Dorchester  Standard, 
Cambridge;  Cambridge  Chronicle,  Cambridge;  The  Daily 
Banner,  Cambridge. 

Books  Consulted  for  Information. — Bozman's  His- 
tory of  Maryland,  Scharf's  History  of  Maryland,  Browne's 
History  of  Maryland,  Hanson's  History  of  Kent,  Archives  of 
Maryland,  published  and  unpublished;  Senate  and  House 
Journals  of  Maryland,  Kilty's  Landholders'  Assistant,  Makers 
of  Methodism,  Freeborn  Garrettson's  Journals,  Francis  As- 
bury's  Journal,  Boehm's  Reminiscences,  First  Eastern  Shore 
of  Maryland  Regiment  History,  by  Wilmer;  Indian  Tribes  of 
the  United  States,  by  Drake;  Chronicles  of  Colonial  Mary- 
land, by  James  W.  Thomas. 


%»^  •••  •   •  • 

;v:   •:::  :  ; 


DIVISION  I. 

Introductory  to  the  History  of  Dorchester  County. 

CHAPTER  I. 

THE  CALVERT  FAMILY— THE  LORDS  PROPRIETARIES — MOTIVES  FOR  FOUND- 
ING A  COLONY  BY  GEORGE  CALVERT,  THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE— HIS 
NEWFOUNDLAND  COLONY  A  FAILURE — HIS  EFFORTS  IN  AMERICA — THE 
LOSS  OF  HIS  FAMILY  AT  SEA — THE  PREPARATION  OF  THE  MARYLAND 
CHARTER — CHARTER   RIGHTS  OF  THE  PROPRIETARY. 

"George  Calvert,  the  first  Lord  Baltimore,  was  the  son  of 
Leonard  Calvert  and  his  wife,  Alice  Croxall,  a  cultivated 
Flemish  yeomanry  people,  and  was  born  at  Kipling,  in 
Yorkshire,  northern  part  of  England.  When  only  eleven 
years  of  age  he  entered  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  in  1593,  and 
ir  four  years  became  Bachelor  of  Arts.  Soon  after  leaving 
college  he  married  Anne,  daughter  of  George  Mynne,  and 
became  the  clerk  of  Sir  Robert  Cecil,  Earl  of  Salisbury. 
While  in  that  capacity  he  attracted  the  notice  of  King  James, 
who  visited  the  University  of  Oxford  in  1605,  when  young 
CaJvert  was  given  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.'*  By  royal 
influence  he  was  made  Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council  in  161 1, 
and  in  1617  was  sworn  in  as  one  of  the  Secretaries  of  State, 
and  then  knighted.  For  his  valuable  services  to  the  govern- 
ment he  was  long  a  favorite  of  King  James,  though  annoyed 
by  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  and  other  jealous  rivals  at 
Court.  In  1 61 3  he  was  a  member  of  Parliament  from  Corn- 
wall; in  1 62 1  for  York,  and  in  1624  for  Oxford. 

August  3,  1622,  his  wife  died  in  childbirth.  Ten  children 
survived  her.    Their  children  were : 

Cecilius,  the  eldest,  successor  to  the  title. 

Leonard,  Keei>er  of  the  Rolls  of  Connaught  from  162 1  to 
1626;  captain  of  a  privateer  off  the  coast  of  Newfoundland 


14  INTRODUCTORY   HISTORY 

in  1629;  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1634  to  the  year  of  his 
death  at  St.  Mary's,  June  9,  1647;  ^^s  never  married. 

George  came  to  Maryland  with  Leonard;  settled  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  died  in  1667. 

Francis,  died  in  youth. 

Henry,  there  is  no  published  record. 

Anne,  married  William  Peasley  and  lived  in  London. 

Dorothy,  no  record. 

Elizabeth,  no  record. 

Grace,  married  Sir  Robert  Talbott,  Kildare,  Ireland. 

Helen,  no  record* 

John,  died  in  youth. 

Philip  Calvert,  by  his  second  wife  (?),  was  Governor  of 
Maryland. 

About  this  time  Lord  Baltimore  became  interested  in  col- 
onization, and  was  made  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Company 
and  the  New  England  Company,  and  was  granted  the  terri- 
try  of  Newfoundland  on  March  30,  1623,  which  was  incor- 
l>orated  into  a  province  called  Avalon.  Before  the  patent 
was  granted  he  had  organized  a  little  colony  there  in  1620. 
In  1624  he  was  made  Baron  of  Baltimore  by  King  James, 
and  granted  in  fee  2034  acres  of  arable  land  and  1605  acres 
of  bog  and  woodland  in  Longford  County,  Ireland.  Very 
soon  after  the  receipt  of  these  great  honors.  Lord  Baltimore 
failed  in  health  and  lost  favor  with  the  King,  who  was  also 
very  ill  at  that  time.  He  proposed  to  resign,  and,  in  six 
weeks  before  King  James  died,  sold  the  Secretaryship  to  Sir 
Albert  Morton  for  six  thousand  ix>unds  sterling.  After  the 
death  of  King  James,  Lord  Baltimore  was  received  with  favor 
by  the  new  King  Charles  I.,  who  assisted  him  with  govern- 
ment vessels  to  take  a  colony  to  Newfoundland.  One  of  the 
vessels  was  the  "Ark  of  Avalon,'*  which  later,  with  the 
"Dove,"  brought  the  first  colonists  to  Maryland. 

The  earliest  accounts  of  man's  origin  and  his  habits  of 
abode  on  the  earth  show  him  to  have  been  then,  as  now,  a 
creature  naturally  inclined  to  extend  his  jurisdiction  over 
wide  domains  of  land.     Hence,  Lord  Baltimore's  ambition 


THE  CALVERT  FAMILY  IS 

was  to  rule  over  a  kingdom,  be  it  Newfoundland  or  Mary- 
land. Others  say  the  primary  purpose  of  Lord  Baltimore 
was  to  found  a  colony  in  America  within  a  province  which 
had  been  promised  to  him  by  Charles  I.  under  special  char- 
tered rights,  that  he  might  offer  his  "Catholic  friends  a  home 
where  they  could  enjoy  the  privileges  of  religious  liberty  of 
conscience  free  and  undisturbed  from'  royal  decrees  and  per- 
secuting laws." 

"Though  Lord  Baltimore  was  a  highly  honored  man  by 
the  King  of  England,  and  an  influential  leader  in  public 
affairs  and  among  men,  yet  he  was  the  victim  of  serious  mis- 
fortunes. First,  was  his  costly  effort  in  planting  a  colony  in 
Newfoundland.'*  This  dolony  was  abandoned  by  Lord  Bal- 
timore because  of  the  severity  of  the  climate.  It  had  cost 
him  thirty  thousand  pounds.  In  1629,  after  having  lived  one 
winter  in  Newfoundland,  where  he  and  his  family  were  much 
of  the  time  sick,  he  abandoned  his  home  to  fishermen,  sent  a 
part  of  his  family  to  England,  and  sailed  with  his  wife,  some 
children  and  servants  to  the  colony  of  Virginia,  to  look  in 
that  part  of  America  for  a  better  place  to  locate  a  new  colony. 

While  in  Virginia  he  was  unkindly  treated  and  urged  to 
take  the  oaths  of  "allegiance  and  supremacy,*'  which  he  re- 
fused, and  was  obliged  to  leave  the  colony.  For  some  un- 
known cause  he  left  his  family  and  personal  property  there. 
After  his  arrival  in  England,  he  petitioned  the  King  to  have 
his  family  brought  home,  which  was  first  refused,  but  in  1631 
his  wife,  several  children  and  servants,  with  much  valuable 
l)ersonal  property,  were  permitted  to  embark  on  a  vessel,  the 
"St.  Cloude/'  for  England.  This  vessel  and  all  on  board  were 
lost  at  sea  on  the  homeward  voyage.  After  the  loss  of  his 
second  wife  and  children  by  this  disaster,  in  a  letter  of  con- 
dolence written  to  the  Earl  of  Stafford,  he  refers  to  his  own 
misfortunes  thus:  "There  are  few,  perhaps,  can  judge  of  it 
better  than  I,  who  have  been  a  long  time  myself  a  man  of 
sorrows.  But  all  things,  my  Lord,  in  this  world  pass  away; 
statum  est,  wife,  children,  honor,  wealth,  friends,  and  what 
else  is  dear  to  flesh  and  blood.     They  are  but  lent  to  us  till 


l6  INTRODUCTORY   HISTORY 

God  pleases  to  call  for  them  back  again,  that  we  may  not 
esteem  anything  our  own,  or  set  our  hearts  upon  anything 
but  Him  alone,  who  only  remains  forever." 

After  Lord  Baltimore  had  obtained  consent  from  King 
Charles  I.  to  settle  a  colony  in  America,  adjacent  to  Virginia, 
he  prepared  the  patent  with  his  own  hands  in  the  Latin  lan- 
guage; but  before  it  received  the  royal  signature  he  died — 
April  15,  1632,  in  the  fifty-third  year  of  his  age,  at  Lincoln's 
Inn  Fields,  in  London,  and  was  buried  in  Saint  Dunstan's 
Church,  Fleet  Street,  London. 

In  the  charter  Lord  Baltimore  had  named  the  territory 
to  be  granted  **Crescentia,"  but  when  it  was  passed  to  his 
son,  Cecilius  Calvert,  the  title  name  of  the  province  was 
changed,  by  order  of  King  Charles,  to  **Maryland,"  in  honor 
of  his  wife.  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  daughter  of  King  Henry 
IV.  of  France. 

The  plans  laid  out  by  Lord  Baltimore  for  planting  a  colony 
at  his  expense,  where  he  expected  to  supremely  govern,  and 
where  his  friends  and  others  hoped  to  enjoy  civil  and  religious 
Hberty,  were  successfully  started  in  operation  by  his  eldest 
son,  Cecilius  (baptized  Cecil)  Calvert,  but  he  and  his  suc- 
cessors of  the  Lords  Baltimore  met  many  disturbing  ix>litical 
factors  while  trying  to  govern  their  province.  Cecilius 
Calvert  inherited  his  father's  estates,  baronial  honors  and 
titles,  and  thus  became  the  seqfond  Lord  Baron  of  Baltimore 
in  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland. 

The  provincial  charter,  intended  for  his  father,  promptly 
passed  the  Great  Seal,  and  was  given  the  son,  June  20,  1632, 
two  months  and  five  days  after  the  death  of  Lord  Baltimore 
the  first. 

Cecilius  Calvert  inherited  but  little  fortune  from  his  father, 
George — Lord  Baltimore — except  titles  of  honor  and  un- 
profitable land  estates.  What  revenues  he  could  raise  were 
spent  towards  the  support  of  his  infant  colony  in  Maryland, 
which  required  aid  for  development  before  it  brought  rev- 
enues in  return.  He  married  the  daugher  of  Earl  Arundel, 
and  resided  with  his  father-in-law,  who  was  rich  in  "ancestral 


CHARTER  RIGHTS  OF   PROPRIETARY  1 7 

associations,"  but  poor  in  living  resources.  When  eighty 
years  old,  in  1638,  he  wrote  to  the  King  of  England :  "Mon- 
eys I  have  none;  no,  not  to  pay  the  interest  of  the  debts. 
My  plate  is  plaged  at  pawn.  My  son  Baltimore  is  brought 
so  low  with  his  setting  forward  the  plantation  of  Mary- 
land, and*  with  the  claims  and  oppositions  which  he  has  met 
with,  that  I  do  not  see  how  he  could  subsist  if  I  did  not  gjve 
him  diet  for  himself,  wife  and  children/' 

CHARTER   RIGHTS   OF   PROPRIETARY. 

(ScharPs  History.) 

In  condensed  form  the  Charter  of  Maryland  invested  the 
Proprietary  with  the  following  rights : 

Territorial. — ^All  the  land  and  water  within  the  boun- 
daries of  the  province,  and  islands  within  ten  marine  leagues 
of  the  shore,  with  mines  and  fisheries,  in  perpetual  possession 
to  himself  and  his  heirs. 

Legislative. — ^The  right  to  make  all  laws  public  or 
private,  with  the  assent  of  the  freemen  of  the  province;  and 
ordinances  (not  impairing  life,  limb  or  proi>erty),  without 
their  assent. 

Judicial. — To  establish  courts  of  justice  of  various  kinds, 
and  appoint  all  judges,  magistrates  and  civil  officers;  also 
to  execute  the  laws  even  to  the  extent  of  taking  life. 

Regal. — To  confer  titles  and  dignities;  to  erect  towns, 
boroughs  and  cities;  and  to  make  ports  of  entry  and  depar- 
ture; also  to  pardon  all  offences. 

Ecclesiastical. — To  erect  and  found  churches  and 
chapels,  and  cause  them  to  be  consecrated  according  to  the 
ecclesiastical  laws  of  England;  and  to  have  the  patronage  and 
advowsons  thereof. 

Military. — To  call  out  and  arm  the  whole  fighting 
population,  wage  war,  take  prisoners,  and  slay  alien  enemies; 
also  to  exercise  martial  law  in  case  of  insurrection. 

Financial. — ^To  alienate,  sell  or  rent  land;  to  levy  duties 
and  toils  on  ships  and  merchandise. 


l8  INTRODUCTORY   HISTORY 

The  People's  Rights. — ^The  charter  gave  all  settlers  in 
the  (Jblony  of  England  the  privilege  to  remain  English  sub- 
jects. To  inherit,  purchase  or  own  land  or  other  property; 
free  trade  with  England;  to  help  make  the  laws  for  the  prov- 
ince, and  not  be  taxed  by  the  crown.  'The  proprietary  had 
almost  kingly  control,  and  the  people  very  restricted  privi- 
leges, yet  under  the  Calverts'  rule  civil  and  religious  liberty 
was  secured  and  enjoyed  by  the  people  for  fifty  years 

Of  George  Calvert,  the  first  Lord  Baltimore,  Bancroft 
says :  "He  deserves  to  be  ranked  among  the  most  wise  and 
benevolent  lawgivers  of  all  ages.  He  was  the  first  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  Christian  world  to  seek  for  religious  security  and 
peace  by  the  practice  of  justice,  and  not  by  the  exercise  of 
power."  The  opinion  of  Bradley  T.  Johnson,  author  of 
'*The  Foundation  of  Maryland,"  showing  Lord  Baltimore's 
purpose  of  planting  the  colony  of  Maryland,  much  deserves 
recognition,  and  is  here  partly  quoted :  "Instead  then  of  the 
foundations  of  Maryland  having  been  laid  on  a  policy  of  col- 
onization and  material  development,  or  as  the  consequences 
of  religious  movement  in  England,  or  as  the  result  of  the 
teachings  and  practices  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  the 
light  now  shed  upon  the  contemporaneous  actors,  their 
motives  and  their  acts,  enables  us  to  see  that  Lord  Baltimore 
from  the  very  initiation  of  his  enterprise  deliberately,  ma- 
turely and  wisely,  upon  consultation  and  advice,  determined 
to  devote  his  life  and  fortune  to  the  work  of  founding  a  free 
English  State,  with  its  institutions  deeply  planted  upon  the 
ancient  customs,  rights  and  safeguards  of  free  Englishmen, 
and  which  should  be  a  sanctuary  for  all  Christian  people  for- 
ever." "This  purpose  wisely  conceived,  maturely  con- 
sidered, and  bravely  i>ersisted  in,  through  all  obstacles,  ex- 
plains everything  that  has  heretofore  appeared  ambiguous  in 
the  career  of  Lord  Baltimore." 

The  motives  that  influenced  George  Calvert  to  found  a 
colony  were  liberally  enlarged  or  modified  by  his  son  and 
successors  to  meet  the  political  policies  made  by  national 
changes  in  the  government  of  England. 


CHAPTER  II. 

PREPARATION  FOR  STARTING  FIRST  COLONISTS — LEONARD  CALVERT  PUT  IN 
CHARGE  OF  THE  EXPEDITION,  AND  APPOINTED  FIRST  GOVERNOR — 
DEPARTURE  FROM  ENGLAND— ARRIVAL  IN  AMERICA — FOUND  A  BEAUTI- 
FUL LAND,   BUT  FACED  MANY  PRIVATIONS. 

The  beginning  of  the  work  towards  colonizing  Mary- 
land by  Cecil  CaJvert,  under  his  i>alatine  powers  and  distin- 
guished title,  "Cecilius,  Absolute  Lord  and  Proprietary  of 
the  Province  of  Maryland  and  Avalon,  Lord  Baron  of  Balti- 
more/* as  was  designed  by  his  honored  father,  was  started 
in  1633.  Numerous  friends  were  invited  to  emigrate  with 
him;  commissions  were  issued,  and  a  constitution  and  laws 
were  framed  for  the  government  of  the  colony.  At  this 
time,  after  having  made  great  preparations  to  go  out  with  his 
colony,  his  private  affairs  and  relations  to  public  State  mat- 
ters, made  it  impracticable  for  him  to  leave  England.  He 
commissioned  his  brother,  Leonard  Calvert,  "Lieutenant- 
General,  Chief  Governor,  Chancellor,  Commander,  Captain, 
Magistrate  and  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,"  to  accompany  the 
colonists  and  govern  them  in  the  province.  Their  departure 
from  England,  under  severe  restrictions,  stormy  voyage 
across  the  ocean,  arrival  in  the  Chesapeake,  and  settlement 
at  St.  Mary's,  with  small  resources  and  little  means  for  self- 
defence,  were  the  beginning  of  trials  to  prepare  the  way  for 
courageous  endurance  under  long-continued  privations. 
Too  far  away  from  happy  homes  and  generous  friends  in 
England  were  they  to  find  relief  in  sickness,  sympathy  in 
sorrow,  or  consolation  in  bereavement. 

To  those  first  settlers,  and  other  heroic  adventurers  who 
followed,  to  establish  new  homes  for  the  enjoyment  of  per- 
sonal freedom  and  liberty  of  conscience  in  a  lovely  land, 
cSothed  in  a  forest  of  virgin  wildwood,  shore-washed  by  the 
bold  waters  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  embraced  by  beatiti- 


20  INTRODUCTORY   HISTORY 

ful  rivers  that  curve  and  twine  inland  toward  delightful  loca- 
tions for  towns  and  rural  homes,  we,  the  generations  of  to- 
day, in  "Maryland,  My  Maryland,"  chiefly  owe  our  happy 
destiny. 

Much  of  interest  took  place  in  the  little  colony  founded 
at  St.  Mary's  in  the  course  of  the  events  by  which  it  grew  in 
population  and  expanded  in  bounds  that  required  subdivi- 
sion into  counties  and  county  organizations  between  1634 
and  1669  (to  show  the  plan  of  government  and  steps  for  ad- 
vancement), to  that  period  when  Dorchester  County  was 
erected.  In  recent  years  the  Maryland  Historical  Society, 
through  many  of  its  distinguished  members,  by  their  thor- 
ough investigation  and  examination  of  old  colonial  records 
and  pai>ers — the  Maryland  Archives  and  official  documents 
in  the  Colonial  Record  Office  in  London,  and  from  the  Cal- 
vert papers,  purchased  in  England — has  colledted  and  pub- 
lished an  invaluable  fund  of  Maryland  provincial  history, 
hitherto  undiscovered,  and  new  to  the  present  generation  of 
Marylanders. 


CHAPTER  III. 

FIRST  COLONIAL  ASSEMBLIES — CODE  OF  LAWS— THE  PROPRIETARY'S  PRR- 
ROGATIVSS— SEPARATION  OF  THE  ASSEMBLY  INTO  TWO  LEGISLATIVE 
BODIES— POWERS  OF  THE  COUNCIL— FIRST  DISTURBING  FACTOR,  CLAI- 
BORNE OF  KENT,  RICHARD  INGLE,  THE  NEXT  TO  INTERFERE — HIS  ALLI- 
ANCE WITH  CLAIBORNE— SEIZURE  OF  ST.  MARY's — FLIGHT  OF  GOVERNOR 
CALVERT  TO  VIRGINIA — HIS  RETURN  AND  RE-CAPTURE  OF  ST.  MARY's 
— DEATH  OF  GOVERNOR  CALVERT  IN  1647— APPOINTMENT  OF  WILLIAM 
STONE,   GOVERNOR,   ETC. 

On  the  26th  of  February,  1635,  the  first  legislative  body 
of  the  colony  met  in  a  log  fort  at  St.  Mary's.  This  fort  was 
their  State  House.  Of  the  proceedings  of  this  Assembly 
there  is  no  record,  and  only  known  of  by  subsequent  refer- 
ence to  Acts  then  passed  and  vetoed  by  Lord  Baltimore  on 
April  15,  1637,  when  he  granted  power  to  Governor  Calvert 
to  call  an  assembly  of  freemen.  In  that  year  Lord  Balti- 
more prepared  a  code  of  laws  for  the  government  of  the  col- 
ony, to  secure  the  liberties  of  the  people,  and  to  provide  for 
General  Assemblies  of  all  freemen,  who  might  pass  necessary 
laws  to  protect  themselves  in  civil  and  political  rights.  This 
code  of  laws  was  brought  over  from  England  by  John  Lew- 
ger.  After  his  arrival  in  the  province.  Governor  Calvert 
summoned  all  the  freemen  to  meet  in  general  assembly  at 
St.  Mary's,  November  28,  1637.  There  were  but  ninety 
of  them  out  of  about  two  hundred  and  twenty  colonists. 
(This  shows  that  a  majority  of  the  colonists  were  servants, 
chiefly  held  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  their  transportation  into 
the  province.)  Three  Jesuit  priests,  Fathers  Andrew  White, 
John  Altham  and  Thomas  Copley,  were  summoned,  and 
Robert  Clark  appeared  for  them  and  excused  their  absence 
by  reason  of  sickness.  (Since  that  time  no  priest  or  clergy- 
man has  ever  sat  as  a  member  in  any  Maryland  Assembly. 
The  Constitution  of  the  State,  since  then  adopted,  has  al- 
ways made  all  ministers  and  preachers  of  the  gosi>el  ineligible 


22  INTRODUCTORY   HISTORY 

as  representatives  in  the  General  Assembly,  an  exclusion  that 
does  not  exist  in  any  other  State.) 

In  the  first  Assemblies  the  Delegates  specially  summoned 
by  the  Governor,  Burgesses  elected  by  the  freemen,  and 
freemen  who  had  not  consented  to  an  election,  sat  in  the  same 
room  with  the  Governor  and  his  Council;  but  by  a  request 
of  the  Burgesses,  in  1649,  ^^^X  ^^^  ^^^  Council  sat  in  sepa- 
rate apartments,  and  in  1650  two  houses  were  formally 
organized. 

The  Proprietary  generally  chose  the  members  of  the  Upper 
House  for  his  Council  in  the  province,  but  with  executive 
prerogatives,  the  Governor  sometimes  selected  men  of  known 
ability  and  good  reputation  to  form  a  part  of  the  Council. 
The  Governor  and  Council  formed  the  Upi>er  House  of  As- 
sembly. The  Governor  appointed  the  civil  and  military 
officers  for  the  province,  with  consent  of  the  Proprietary. 
County  courts  were  established  by  the  appointment  of  Com- 
missioners for  the  counties;  and,  usually,  one  of  the  Gov- 
ernor's Council  was  named  to  preside  at  court  sittings. 

The  Governor  could  call  or  prorogue  Provinc^ial  Assem- 
blies at  pleasure.  For  the  passage  of  laws  made  by  the  Lower 
House  it  required  the  concurrence  of  the  Upi>er  House  and 
approval  by  the  Lord  Proprietary.  The  Council  or  Upper 
House  had  limited  legislative  powers  of  its  own.  The  char- 
ter gave  the  Proprietary's  representatives  the  right  to  pass 
ordinances  that  would  not  affect  the  life,  liberty  or  property 
of  the  freemen  without  the  assent  of  the  Assembly.  They 
had  power  to  lay  out  counties  and  hundreds,  establish 
public  offices  and  to  confer  civil  liberty  on  aliens.  They  also 
formed  the  Provincial  Court  or  Court  of  Appeals,  exc3(ept 
when  the  Proprietary  Government  was  deprived  of  control 
by  hostile  invasion  or  revolution. 

The  code  of  laws  prepared  by  Lord  Baltimore  for  the 
government  of  the  colony,  and  brought  over  by  John 
Lewger,  was  at  first  rejected  by  the  Assembly  of  freemen, 
who  had  been  summoned  by  Governor  Calvert  in  1638,  N. 
S.,  by  order  of  the  Proprietary,  but  were  finally  adopted  in 


WILLIAM    CLAIBORNE  23 

reconstructed  form.  The  first  act  of  this  people's  Legisla- 
ture was  an  Act  for  establishing  the  "House  of  Assembly," 
and  the  laws  to  be  made  therein.  It  provided  that  the  Bur- 
gesses be  elected  by  the  freemen  who  consent  to  the  election, 
and  the  gentlemen  summoned  by  his  Lordship's  special  writ 
shall  be  called  the  House  of  Assembly.  This  Act  was  de- 
signed to  be  first  the  work  of  the  freemen  or  their  representa- 
tives, and  afterwards  to  be  confirmed  by  his  Lordship.  It 
was  passed  the  first  day  the  Assembly  met,  in  1639,  February 
25.  From  this  Act  we  inherited  our  House  of  Assembly 
whose  laws  our  Governors  confirm-  or  veto. 

The  first  disturbing  factor  of  note  in  the  colony  was  Wil- 
liam Claiborne,  who  had  obtained  license  in  1631  from  King 
Charles  to  establish  a  trading  post  on  Kent  Island,  which 
was  within  the  limits  of  Lord  Baltimore's  gjant,  and  claimed 
by  him.  He  offered  Claiborne  and  his  company  of  traders 
the  privilege  to  remain  on  the  island  and  become  subjects  of 
the  Maryland  colony.  This  they  refused,  and  at  once  con- 
spired with  some  Indian  tribes  to  destroy  the  new  colony, 
but  were  unsuccessful.  Then  they  began  military  and  naval 
operations  against  the  Proprietary's  government  in  the  prov- 
ince. Prior  to  an  attack  made  by  Claiborne's  adherents  on 
the  colonists  in  1635,  he  fled  to  Virginia,  and  from  there  went 
to  England  to  have  his  claims  to  the  island  confirmed  by  the 
King,  which  was  declined,  and  also  refused  by  the  Commis- 
sioners of  Plantations,  to  whom  the  matter  had  been  referred 
by  the  King  for  their  consideration.  Their  decision  against 
his  claim  was  made  April  4,  1638,  because  he  had  not  been 
granted  plantation  privileges;  and  also  because  Lord  Balti- 
more had  been  granted  the  territory  of  "Crescentia"  by  the 
King  of  England,  under  his  private  seal,  before  Claiborne's 
license  for  Kent  had  been  issued.  It  is  thus  shown  that 
Claiborne  was  not  unjustly  deprived  of  his  territory,  but  lost 
his  personal  proi>erty  by  confiscation  under  the  usages  of  war 
for  military  resistance.  From  1639  the  colony  prospered 
until  1643,  when  the  Lord  Proprietary  made  some  changes 
in  administrative  officers  of  the  Council,  and  conferred  more 


24  INTRODUCTORY    HISTORY 

authority  on  Governor  Calvert,  who  in  that  year  went  to 
England  to  confer  with  his  brother  on  matters  of  interest  to 
the  provincial  government.  He  appointed  Giles  Brent, 
Commander  of  the  Isle  of  Kent,  to  be  acting  Governor  in  his 
absence.  While  Governor  Calvert  was  in  England,  one 
Captain  Richard  Ingle,  with  an  armed  crew  on  his  vessel, 
traded  about  the  province,  intimidated  and  disturbed  the 
inhabitants  at  several  places.  By  order  of  Governor  Brent, 
Ingle  was  arrested  and  his  vessel  seized,  but  he  was  soon  per- 
mitted to  escape — possibly  intentionally  to  avoid  Protestant 
excitement  in  the  colony  at  that  time.  Fiction  pictures 
Ingle's  arrest  by  order  of  Grovemor  Brent,  who  with  Council- 
lors Neale  and  Comwaleys,  secretly  watched  Sheriff  EUyson 
seize  and  bind  him.  Immediately  after  his  arrest,  a  brief  coun- 
cil of  the  trio  decided  to  accompany  their  too  much  prisoner 
to  his  vessel  at  once,  which  they  did;  placed  him  on  board 
and  bade  him  depart  from  the  province  before  the  morning's 
dawn. 

"In  1644  Governor  Calvert  returned  from  England  in 
haste,  in  September,  after  the  defeat  of  the  Royalists  in  the 
civil  war,  only  to  find  great  disorder  in  the  province.  To 
add  to  this  discontent.  Lord  Baltimore  had  Q:>mmissioned 
for  the  colony  a  Catholic  Governor  and  Council." 

In  1645  Captain  Ingle,  who  had  been  granted  letters  of 
marque  by  Commissioners  of  Parliament,  to  pwey  on  the 
commerce  of  England,  returned  in  an  armed  vessel,  aided  by 
some  disloyal  colonists,  surprised  the  guards  at  St.  Mary^s, 
seized  and  carried  away  the  records  and  Great  Seal  of  the 
province,  and  also  a  number  of  Catholic  colonists,  prisoners 
to  Virginia  and  England,  including  Father  White.  Gov- 
ernor Calvert  fled  to  Virginia  for  protection  from  Claiborne, 
who  took  possession  of  the  province  at  an  opportune  time 
made  by  the  help  of  Ingle.  But  in  1646  Governor  Calvert 
returned  with  an  armed  force  of  friends  to  Maryland,  sur- 
prised the  rebels,  took  St.  Mary's,  and  reestablished  his  gov- 
ernment. Hardly  had  he  allayed  the  disorder  caused  by  Clai- 
borne's and  Ingle's  invasion,  when  on  the  ninth  of  June,  1647, 


ACT  OF  RELIGIOUS  TOLERATION  2$ 

he  suddenly  died.  On  his  deathbed  he  nominated  Thomas 
Greene  to  act  as  Governor  after  his  decease.  Greene's  ad- 
ministration was  short  and  unsatisfactory. 

In  1648,  August  12,  Lord  Baltimore  removed  Governor 
Greene  and  his  Council  from  office,  and  appointed  William 
Stone  Governor — Protestant,  from  Northampton  County, 
Virginia.  When  he  arrived  he  brought  six  settlers,  and  had 
promised  Lord  Baltimore  to  bring  into  the  colony  five  hun- 
dred. Probably  the  Puritans  he  had  invited  from  Virginia, 
who  settled  at  Providence,  were  of  the  five  hundred.  If 
then  his  friends,  they  later  proved  to  be  his  dreadful  foes. 

Lord  Baltimore,  at  this  time  a  paroled  prisoner  in  England, 
watching  the  downfall  of  the  King  and  the  rise  of  Parliament, 
knew  he  could  not  sustain  a  Catholic  government  in  the 
province,  wisely  chose  a  Protestant  majority  for  the  Gov- 
ernor's Council — namely,  John  Price,  Thomas  Hatton  and 
Robert  Vaughn,  Protestants,  and  Thomas  Greene  and  John 
Pile  Stone,  Catholics.  He  also  prepared  a  new  Great  Seal 
for  the  province  in  the  place  of  the  one  stolen  by  Ingle  and 
never  returned;  and  a  code  of  sixteen  new  laws,  one  of  which 
was  the  Act  of  Religious  Toleration,  one  of  the  best  laws  ever 
enacted  in  Maryland.  The  passage  of  those  laws  in  1649 
and  assented  to  by  the  Lord  Proprietary  in  1650  was  made 
the  basis  of  an  agreement  of  reconciliation  and  peace  between', 
the  Protestant  and  Catholic  colonists,  but  for  a  brief  time 
only.  The  civil  war  in  England,  the  capture  and  execution 
of  King  Charles  I.  soon  caused  exciting  disturbances  between 
the  Proprietary  government  and  the  Puritan-Protestant 
alliance  in  the  colony  that  in  sympathy  supf>orted  Parliament. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

REDUCTION  OF  CHESAPEAKE  BAY  COLONIES  TO  OBEDIENCE  UNDER  THE  "COM- 
MONWEALTH"— EFFORTS  OF  LORD  BALTIMORE  TO  RE-ESTABLISH  THE 
PROPRIETARY  GOVERNMENT — GOVERNOR  STONE* S  MILITARY  EFFORTS  FOR 
THE  PROPRIETARY — HIS  ATTACK  ON  THE  PURITAN  CAPITAL,  DEFEAT  AND 
CAPTURE— CROMWELL  COMMISSIONERS  IN  CONTROL  UNTIL  1658— 
DISCOURAGED  BY  LORD  BALTIMORE'S  INFLUENCE  WITH  THE  PROl ECTOR, 
SURRENDERED  CONTROL  IN  THE  PROVINCE — JOSIAH  FENDALL  APPOINTED 
GOVERNOR— USURPS  AUTHORITY  AND  IS  DISMISSED— CAPITALS  OF  MARY- 
LAND. 

In  165 1  an  anned  fleet  sailed  from  London  by  authority 
of  Parliament  to  reduce  the  Chesapeake  Bay  colonies  to 
obedience  under  the  "Commonwealth."  Of  the  Commission- 
ers appointed  to  do  this  work,  C^pt.  William  Claiborne 
and  Richard  Bennett,  first  visited  Virginia,  and  made  terms 
with  Governor  Berkeley.  They  arrived  in  Maryland  in 
March,  1652,  and  proposed  terms  to  Governor  Stone,  who 
did  not  consent  to  their  demands.  They  by  proclamation 
assumed  control  and  appointed  a  Board  of  Commissioners, 
viz:  Robert  Brooks,  Col.  Francis  Yardley,  Job  Chandler, 
Richard  Preston  and  Lieutenant  Richard  Banks,  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  province,  under  the  authority  of  Parliament. 
Thus  was  Lord  Baltimore  deprived  of  all  his  rights  in  the 
province,  whiqh  he  had  maintained  gpraciously  with  his  wealth 
and  exalted  executive  ability.  Qaibome  and  Bennett  then 
returned  to  Virginia,  but  in  June  came  back  to  Maryland  and 
appointed  Captain  Stone  (late  Governor  Stone)  Governor, 
and  a  new  Council  for  the  province.  The  Lord  Proprietary 
did  not  long  submit  to  this  wrong;  as  soon  as  Cromwell  dis- 
solved Parliament,  in  1653,  ^^^  became  Lord  Protector  of 
England,  he  reestablished  the  Proprietary  government  in 
1654  through  Governor  Stone,  who  attempted  to  defend  the 
Proprietary's  rights,  but  through  persuasion  by  the  Catholics 


[THE  CROMWELL  COMMISSIONERS  27 

not  to  resort  to  arms,  surrendered  his  authority  again  to  the 
Commissioners,  who  took  possession  of  the  province  in  the 
name  of  Cromwell,  July  22,  1654.  Under  the  ten  Commis- 
sioners then  appointed,  of  whom  Edward  Lloyd  and  Richard 
Preston  were  members,  an  Assembly  met  and  passed  an  Act 
disfranchising  Catholics,  and  refusing  them  protection  under 
the  laws  of  England,  to  whidli  they  claimed  to  be  subject. 
This  Act  indelibly  stained  the  shrine  of  Maryland  Hberty.  It 
was  largely  the  work  of  the  Puritans,  who  had  lately  settled 
at  Providence  on  the  Severn,  and  to  whom  Claiborne  had 
qlosely  allied  himself  for  greater  political  influence  and 
power.  Lord  Baltimore's  reproof  to  Governor  Stone  for  his 
tame  surrender  of  provincial  authority  to  the  Cromwell 
Commissioners,  fired  anew  his  ambition  to  regain  colonial 
control;  and  he  organized  an  armed  party  who  went  and 
seized  the  arms  and  ammunition  and  provincial  records 
stored  at  Richard  Preston's  house,  on  the  Patuxent,  then  the 
seat  of  colonial  government. 

At  onoe  he  raised  a  military  and  naval  force,  sailed  to 
Providence,  the  Puritans'  capital,  and  on  March  25,  1655, 
attacked  their  forces  of  defence,  by  whom  his  little  army  was 
defeated  and  captured.  Stone  and  his  leaders  were  con- 
demned by  court  martial  to  be  shot;  four  of  them  were  exe- 
cuted, and  Stone's  life  only  saved  by  the  sympathy  of  the 
soldiers  who  had  previously  served  under  him.  Edward 
Lloyd,  whom  Governor  Stone  had  commissioned  Com- 
mander of  Anne  Arundel  County  in  1650,  was  a  member  of 
the  military  court  that  condemned  Governor  Stone  and 
others  of  this  expedition  to  be  executed. 

From  this  time  the  Cromwell  Commissioners  ruled  in  the 
province  until  1658  with  great  severity,  imprisoning  or  ban- 
ishing the  Proprietary  adherents,  confiscating  their  property 
and  otherwise  subjecting  many  to  base  indignities.  At  this 
time  Cromwell  was  too  busy  with  affairs  in  tyrannized  Eng- 
land to  give  much  attention  to  the  American  colonists;  but 
did  order  Claiborne  and  Bennett,  his  Commissioners,  to  desist 
from  persecuting  the  colonists. 


28  INTRODUCTORY    HISTORY 

Lord  Baltimore  ardently  tried  to  keep  the  Proprietary  gov- 
ernment org^ized.  He  revoked  Governor  Stone's  commis- 
sionjn  1656  and  appointed  Josiah  Fendall  Governor,  who 
was  arrested  by  a  warrant  from  the  provincial  court  and  held 
a  prisoner  in  the  name  of  the  Protector  for  some  time  and 
then  released,  when  he  sailed  for  England.  About  this  time 
Richard  Bennett,  one  of  the  Cromwell  Commissioners,  had 
gone  to  England  to  ask  for  greater  recognition  in  governing 
the  province,  which  he  failed  to  get,  but  discovered  that  Lord 
Baltimore's  influence  with  the  Protector  was  so  great  that 
he  decided  with  others  there  to  secure  the  best  terms  possible 
by  agreement  with  the  Proprietary,  to  surrender  to  him  their 
I>art  of  the  dual  government  in  the  province.  Terms  were 
adjusted  and  an  agreement  made  between  the  Proprietary 
and  the  Provincial  Commissioners,  which  was  brought  to 
Maryland  by  Josiah  Fendall,  the  Proprietary's  newly  ap- 
pointed Governor,  who  published  a  proclamation  in  1658  at 
St.  Mary's,  calling  for  a  joint  council  of  the  two  governments 
to  meet  at  St.  Leonard's,  on  the  Patuxent,  March  23,  1658, 
to  arbitrate  local  differences  and  ratify  the  agreement  which 
was  satisfactorily  adjusted.  Then  the  provincial  records 
were  delivered  to  Philip  Calvert,  Secretary  of  the  Proprie- 
tary's new  Council,  Fendall  was  installed  Governor  and  a  new 
Assembly  summoned  to  meet  at  St.  Leonard's  on  April  27 
following.  Thus  was  the  Puritan  control  in  the  province 
surrendered  and  the  Proprietary  fully  reestablished. 

Governor  Fendall  soon  proved  a  traitor  to  the  Lord  Pro- 
prietary. In  March,  1659,  he  tried  to  usurp  the  government 
by  an  alliance  with  the  Assembly  which  retired  the  Council 
from  sitting  as  a  separate  body,  and  delegated  ix>wer  to  the 
Lower  House  to  dissolve  the  Assembly.  After  reorganizing 
the  Lower  House,  Fendall  surrendered  the  commission  given 
him  by  Lord  Baltimore  and  accepted  a  new  one  given  by  his 
new  Assembly.  His  control  was  brief.  When  the  Cromwell 
government  gave  way  to  the  Stuarts  and  Charles  H.  was  pro- 
claimed King  in  1660,  then  Lord  Baltimore  appointed  his 
brother,  Philip  Calvert,  Governor,  who  took  full  control  of 


CAPITALS  OF   MARYLAND  29 

the  province.  Thus  has  it  been  shown  that  the  Proprietary 
had  been  deprived  of  governing  his  province  almost  con- 
tinuously for  nearly  ten  years. 

CAPITALS  OF  MARYLAND. 

The  capital  of  Maryland,  first  established  at  St.  Mary's  in 
1634,  was  continued  permanently  there  until  temporarily 
moved  to  Patuxent  in  1654,  when  Commissioners  Bennett 
and  Claiborne  subjected  the  colony  to  their  control  for  the 
''Commonwealth."  In  1659,  after  the  restoration  of  the 
Proprietary  in  1658,  St.  Mary's  was  again  made  the  capital 
seat  and  so  continued  until  1683. 

As  the  colony  grew  in  population,  complaints  were  made 
about  the  inconvenient  location  of  the  capital  to  the  Proprie- 
tary, who,  to  satisfy  the  people  that  lived  at  a  distance  from 
it,  yielded  consent  for  its  removal  to  a  place  in  Anne  Arundel 
called  the  "Ridge."  Only  one  session  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly was  held  there.  Inconvenient  buildings  and  other  causes 
led  to  its  removal  to  Battle  Creek,  on  the  Patuxent,  where 
was  held  a  session  of  three  days,  and  then  adjourned  to  meet 
again  at  St.  Mary's.  The  Proprietary  gave  the  people  of 
St.  Mary's  a  written  promise  that  the  capital  "should  not 
be  removed  again  during  his  life."  But,  alas !  how  futile  are 
promises  that  cannot  be  fulfilled  controlled  by  an  unforeseen 
destiny.  The  failure  of  Lord  Baltimore's  proclamation  to  reach 
the  province  in  due  time  to  announce  William  and  Mary  as 
sovereigns,  led  to  a  revolution,  in  1689,  by  an  organization 
under  John  Coode,  known  as  "An  association  in  Arms  for  the 
defence  of  the  Protestant  religion,  and  for  asserting  the  rights 
of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary  to  the  province  of  Mary- 
land and  all  the  English  Dominion."  After  a  short  conflict, 
in  August,  these  seven  hundred  revolutionists  took  posses- 
sion of  the  province.  Thus  under  royal  control,  an  Assembly 
passed  an  Act  in  1694  to  remove  the  capital  to  Anne  Arundel 
Town.  After  the  removal  in  1695,  the  Legislature  changed 
the  name  of  the  capital  to  Annapolis,  which  has  ever  since 
been  the  State  capital,  a  city  of  acquired  romance  and  re- 


30  INTRODUCTORY   HISTORY 

nown,  where  social  gayety  and  refinement,  wealth  and  intel- 
lectual culture,  lavishly  maintained,  has  rarely  been  equaled 
and  nowhere  excelled  in  any  capital  of  our  Union. 

This  brief  history,  now  concluded,  of  the  province  of  Mary- 
land, beginning  with  the  first  Lord  Baltimore,  and  extending 
to  the  time  when  Annapolis  was  founded,  now  leads  us  to  con- 
sider with  deeper  interest  the  making,  management  and 
development  oi  our  home  county — Dorchester,  from  its 
origin  to  the  present  day,  and  to  place  in  local  history  the 
honored  names  of  many  useful,  influential  and  heroic  people, 
with  the  story  of  their  noble  deeds  in  colonial,  revolutionary 
and  later  times. 


DIVISION  II. 

Early  History  of  Dorchester  County. 

CHAPTER  I. 

EARLY     SETTLEMENTS— FORMATION     INTO     A      COUNTY — ^APPOINTMENT     OF 

COUNTY    OFFICERS    BY    GOVERNOR    CALVERT. 

Thirty-five  years  after  the  Calvert  settlement  at  St. 
Mary's,  the  Province  of  Maryland  had  sufficiently  developed 
to  justify  the  organization  and  outlining  of  another  county 
then  to  be  named  Dorchester. 

It  would  interest  the  present  and  future  generations  of 
Dorchester  County  to  know  the  names  of  those  who  made 
the  first  little  settlements,  when  and  where  located  east  of 
the  Chesapeake,  in  that  part  of  the  Eastern  Shore  south  of 
the  Choptank,  and  northwest  of  the  Nanticoke.  Certainly 
not  long  after,  if  not  prior  to  the  settlement  of  Patuxent,  in 
1645,  i^  was  that  some  adventurers  decided  to  make  new 
homes  on  the  densely  wooded  isles  and  adjacent  mainlands 
just  across  the  Bay. 

In  1659,  ten  years  before  Dorchester  County  was  officially 
established,  while  Governor  Fendall  was  intriguing  with  the 
Provincial  Assembly,  to  deprive  the  Lord  Proprietary  of  his 
jurisdiction  in  the  colony,  Anthony  LeCompte  was  having 
his  land  lying  on  Home  Bay,  in  Choptank  River,  surveyed. 
His  homestead  there  contained  800  acres,  which  he  named 
"Antonine."  William  Chaplin  had  surveyed  300  acres,  and 
named  "Chaplin's  Home/' on  Tar  Bay;  Richard  Bently,  "Ben- 
tleys,"  300  acres,  sur.  July  7,  1659,  on  Hungar  River;  Thomas 
Stone,  "Stonwrick  Rathorn,"  150  acres;  Thos.  Stillington, 
"Stillington,"  100  acres,  sur.  July  i;  others,  Stephen  Gary, 
Francis  Armstrong,  John  Gary,  Peter  Sharpe,  John  Felton, 


32  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

William  Stevens,  Thomas  Powell,  John  Hudson,  and  many 
more  were  granted  patents  for  land,  who  as  owners,  came 
and  settled  thereon  between  that  time  and  the  date  of  the 
county  formation.  The  rent-rolls  record  more  than  a  hun- 
dred settlers  who  had  located  homes  within  the  limits  of  the 
territory  which  was  later  named  Dorchester.  By  this  time 
five  hundred  inhabitants  were  living  in  the  proposed  new 
qounty;  these  first  settlers  located  along  the  shores  of  the 
Bay  and  its  tributaries  for  the  open  view  and  convenience  the 
water  afforded  to  communicate  with  their  neighbors;  and 
for  fish  and  oysters,  such  desirable  food-pwoducts;  and  pos- 
sibly for  greater  protection  from  wild  animals  then  numerous 
in  the  forests,  as  well  as  from  the  suspicious  Abacos,  and 
treacherous  Nanticokes  that  lived  higher  up  the  rivers.  Bn 
small  colonies  of  a  few  families,  they  cleared  the  land  of  its 
dense  timber  growth  to  make  for  themselves  little  farms  and 
modest  homes. 

Governor  Calvert  had,  in  1667,  sent  an  armed  force  of 
militia  under  Col.  Vincent  Lowe,  against  the  Nanticoke 
Indians,  to  demand  redress  and  the  surrender  of  some  Indians 
who  had  murdered  Captain  Obder  and  his  servants.  Terms 
were  agreed  upon  without  war,  and  a  treaty  concluded  be- 
tween the  Lord  Proprietary  and  Vinnacokasimmon,  Emperor 
of  the  Nanticokes,  on  May  i,  1668.  Of  this  treaty  a  para- 
graph of  its  pecuiiar  language  is  here  given:  "It  is  agreed 
upon,  that,  from  this  day  forward  there  be  an  inviolable  peace 
and  amity  between  the  Right  Honorable,  the  Lord  Proprie- 
tary of  this  province  and  the  Emperor  of  Nanticoke  upon  the 
Articles  hereafter  in  this  treaty  to  be  agreed  upon,  to  the 
world's  end  to  endure,  and  that  all  former  acts  of  hostilities 
an3  damages  whatsoever  by  either  party  sustained  be  buried 
in  perpetual  oblivion."  This  treaty  relieved  the  new  settlers 
of  much  anxiety  and  danger,  and  allowed  them  to  advance 
their  lines  of  possession  into  the  interior  without  great  oppo- 
sition from  the  native  owners  of  this  primitive  wilderness, 
with  its  loved  haunts  and  happy  hunting-grounds. 


DUTIES  OF  COMMISSIONERS  33 

In  the  following  year,  1669,  Gov.  Charles  Calvert,  with 
consent  of  the  Council,  issued  writs  on  the  sixteenth  day  of 
February,  ordering  elections  to  be  held  in  the  several  coun- 
ties, for  the  freemen  to  elect  delegates  to  an  assembly,  to  meet 
on  the  thirteenth  day  of  April,  at  the  city  of  St.  Mary's.  One 
of  the  writs  issued  was  directed  to  Raymond  Staplefort, 
Sheriff  of  Dorchester  County,  "returnable  into  our  chancery 
on  or  before  April  6."  This  is  the  first  evidence  found  in  pro- 
vincial records  of  the  formation  or  erection  of  Dorchester 
County.  There  is  no  Proprietary  proclamation  or  Assembly 
Act  of  record  to  show  what  date  the  county  was  officially 
designated.  At  the  election  held  in  Dorchester  at  this  time, 
Richard  Preston  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Assembly. 
At  no  previous  Assembly  had  the  county  been  represented. 
During  the  session  of  that  Assembly,  on  the  sixth  day  of  May, 
the  first  Justices  or  Commissioners  for  the  county  were 
appointed.     This  interesting  record  here  deserves  quotation : 

"Cecilius  Calvert,  Lord  Proprietary  of  the  Province  of 
Maryland,  and  Avalon,  Lord  Baron  of  Baltimore,  etc. 

'To  Raymond  Stapleford,  John  Pollard,  William  Stevens, 
of  Little  Choptank;  Stephen  Gary,  William  Stevens,  Henry 
Trippe,  Anthony  LeCompte,  and  Henry  Hooper,  Gents 
Greeting.  Know  ye  that  we  for  the  great  trust  and  confi- 
dence that  we  have  in  your  fidelities,  circumspections,  pru- 
dences and  wisdoms  have  constituted,  ordained  and  apf)ointed 
and  do  by  these  presents,  constitute,  ordain  and  appoint  you 
the  said  Raymond  Stapleford,  John  Pollard,  William  Stevens, 
Stephen  Gary,  Wm.  Stevens,  Henry  Trippe,  Anthony  Le- 
Compte and  Henry  Hooper,  Gent.  Commissioners,  jointly 
and  severally  to  keep  the  peace  in  Dorchester  County,  and 
to  keep  and  cause  to  be  kept  all  laws  and  ordinances  made 
for  the  good  and  conservation  of  the  peace  and  for  the  quiet 
rule  and  government  of  the  people  in  all  and  every  the 
articles  of  the  same,  and  to  chastise  and  punish  all  persons 
offending  against  the  form  of  the  laws  and  orders  of  our 
said  Province  of  Maryland,  any  of  them  in  Dorchester 
County  aforesaid,  as  according  to  the  form  of  those  laws 


34  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

and  orders  shall  be  fit  to  be  done.  We  have  also  constituted 
and  ordained  you  and  every  four  or  more  or  you,  of  which  yoa 
the  said  Raymond  Stapleford,  John  Pollard  or  William 
Stevens,  of  Little  Choptank  (tmless  some  one  of  our  Council 
be  present  who  are  also  to  be  our  Commissioners),  to  en- 
quire by  the  oath  of  good  and  lawful  men  of  your  county 
aforesaid,  of  all  manners  felonies,  witchcraft,  inchantments^ 
soceries,  magic  arts,  trespasses,  forestaJlings,  engrossing^ 
and  extortions  whatsoever,  and  all  misdeeds  and  offences  of 
which  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  England  ought  lawfully  to 
enquire,  by  whomsoever  or  vrficnsoever  perpetrated,  or  which 
hereafter  shall  happen  to  be  done  or  perpetrated  in  the 
county  aforesaid,  against  the  laws  and  ordinances  of  our  said 
Province  of  Maryland :— Provided  you  proceed  not  in  any 
the  cases  aforesaid  to  take  life  or  member,  but  that  in  every 
such  case  you  send  the  prisoners  with  their  indictments  and 
the  whole  matter  depending  before  you  to  the  next  Provin- 
cial Court  to  be  holden  for  our  said  Province  of  Maryland, 
whensoever  or  wheresoever  to  be  holden,  there  to  be  tried; 
and  further,  we  do  hereby  authorize  you  to  issue  writs,  pro- 
cesses, arrests  and  attachments,  to  Plea  of  Oyer  and  ter- 
miner, and  after  judgement,  execution  to  award  in  all  cases 
civil,  whether  real  or  personal,  in  action  that  doth  not  exceed 
three  thousand  pounds  of  tobacco,  to  the  laws,  orders  and 
reasonable  customs  made  and  used  in  *  ♦  ♦  Province 
of  Maryland,  in  which  causes  civil  *  *  ♦  to  be  tryed' 
*  *  *  we  do  constitute,  ordain  and  appoint  you,  Ray- 
mond Staipleford,  Jbhn  Pollard  ajnd  Williami  Stevens,  of 
Little  Choptank,  to  be  the  Judges  as  aforesaid,  unless 
some  one  of  our  Council  be  then  in  Court;  and  there- 
fore we  do  commend  you  that  you  diligently  intend  the  keep- 
ing of  the  peace  laws  and  orders,  and  all  and  singular,  other 
the  premises,  and  at  certain  days  appointed  according  to  Act 
of  Assembly  in  that  case  provided,  and  at  such  places  which 
you  or  any  four  or  more  of  you  as  aforesaid  shall  in  that 
behalf  appoint,  ye  make  enquiries  upon  the  premises  and 
perform  and  fulfill  the  same  in  form  aforesaid,  doing  therein 


BOUNDARY   OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY  35 

that  which  to  justice  appertaineth  according  to  the  laws 
orders  and  reasonable  customs  of  our  said  Province  of  Mary- 
land, saving  to  us  the  amercments  and  other  things  to  us 
belonging:  And  therefore  we  command  the  Sheriflf  of  Dor- 
chester by  virtue  of  these  presents  that  at  the  days  and  places 
aforesaid  which  you  or  any  such  four  or  more  of  you  as  afore- 
said shall  make  known  to  him  to  give  his  attendance  on  you, 
and  if  need  require  to  cause  to  come  before  you  or  any  such 
four  or  more  of  you  as  aforesaid,  such  and  so  many  lawful 
men  of  your  county  by  whom  the  truth  in  the  premises  may 
be  the  better  known  and  required  of.  And  further,  we  will 
that  the  said  county  extend  to  the  great  Choptank  River, 
including  the  south  side  thereof  to  be  accounted  and  taken 
to  be  within  the  said  county  of  Dorchester.  (2.)  And  lastly 
we  have  appointed  Edward  Savage,  Clerk  and  Keeper  of  the 
Records  and  proceedings  in  your  said  County  Court,  and 
therefore  you  shall  cause  to  be  brought  before  you  at  the 
said  days  and  places  the  writts,  precepts,  processes  and  indict- 
ments to  your  Court  and  jurisdiction  belonging,  that  the 
same  may  be  inspected  and  by  a  due  course  determined. 

"Given  at  St.  Mary's  under  our  Great  seal  of  our  said 
Province  of  Maryland,  this  sixth  day  of  May,  in  the  seven 
and  thirteenth  year  of  our  Dominion  over  our  said  Province, 
Anno  Domini  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty-nine. 

"Witness.  Charles  Calvert,  Esqr.  our  Lieutenant-Gen- 
eral,  Chief  Governor  and  Chief  Justice  of  our  said  Province 
of  Maryland." 

For  one  hundred  and  four  years  after  Dorchester 
County  was  laid  out,  in  1669,  its  bounds  on  the  north  and 
west  extended  up  and  along  the  Choptank  River  to  the 
territory  of  New  Sweden,  later  called  Delaware,  binding 
therewith  on  the  east  to  an  intersection  with  the  Nanticoke 
River  and  embraced  all  that  part  of  Caroline  County,  which 
was  laid  out  in  1773,  lying  east  of  the  Choptank  River.  By 
the  definite  bounds  of  Maryland  described  in  the  Proprie- 
tary's Charter,  the  northern  limit  was  the  fortieth  degree  of 
North  Latitude,  and  the  eastern  line  was  to  run  with  the 


36  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Atlantic  Ocean,  and  the  Delaware  Bay,  and  River,  back  to 
the  fortieth  degree.  The  limits  of  Somerset  and  Dorchester 
Counties  extended  eastwardly  to  Delaware  Bay,  and  included 
that  part  of  Delaware,  now  called  Sussex  County. 

Lord  Baltimore  authorized  William  Stevens  of  Somerset 
County  to  lay  out  and  g^ant  land  in  that  part  of  Dorchester 
County,  lying  next  to  Delaware  Bay.  However,  after  the 
Duke  of  York  acquired  this  Dutch  Colony,  on  the  Delaware 
Bay,  the  protests  of  Lord  Baltimore  for  his  rights  were  not 
as  strong  as  the  appeals  of  Penn  to  King  James,  for  the  pos- 
session of  the  new  territory  of  Delaware  which  the  King 
granted  to  Penn  in  1685.  To-day,  Dorchester  County  does 
not  contain  one-half  of  its  original  area  as  leg^ally  acquired 
by  Lord  Baltimore. 


CHAPTER   II. 

REFERENCES  TO  THE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1669  AND  167I— OTHER  COUNTY  AFFAIRS. 

At  the  Provincnal  Assembly,  which  met  April  13,  1669. 
Richard  Preston  came  as  a  Delegate,  having  been  elected 
to  represent  Dorchester  County,  as  also  did  Daniel  Jenifer, 
who  had  been  chosen  a  Burgess.  They  both  lived  at  Patux- 
ent,  but  were  large  land-holders  in  Dorchester. 

At  this  session  a  number  of  laws  were  passed.  In  the  Act 
for  Court  days  the  first  Tuesday  in  September,  November, 
January,  March  and  June,  were  designated  for  Dorchester. 
Commjisisioners  who  ifaiiled  to  attend  Court  001  the  days 
named  were  fined  one  hundred  pounds  of  tobacco,  which 
was  applied  to  a  fund  to  be  used  for  the  erection  of 
whipping-posts,  stocks  and  pillories.  Once  those  bar- 
barous implements  of  punishment  stood  near  the  Cambridge 
Court  House,  where  criminal,  even  white  women,  had  their 
bare  backs  lashed  until  the  blood  ran  down,  drawn  by  the 
rawhide's  cruel  blows.  Men  had  their  ears  cropped,  and  hot 
iron-brands  were  applied  that  burned  their  flesh  to  publicly 
mark  them  as  criminals,  for  larceny  and  other  petty  crimes; 
and  tongue-boring  was  done  for  graver  offences. 

Other  Assembly  Acts  were  to  levy  resources  for  war,  make 
highways  and  roads;  to  encourage  the  building  of  water-mills, 
and  to  revive  various  laws  previously  passed  that  first  applied 
to  Dorchester.  During  this  session  an  Indian,  named  Ana- 
tchcoin,  alias  Wanamon,  a  Wiccomis,  who  had  killed  Captain 
Obder,  and  his  servants,  was  brought  from  Dorchester  by 
order  of  King  Abaco,  to  St.  Mary's,  on  May  6.  The 
guards  who  brought  him  were  George  Hogg,  Humphrey 
Jennings,  John  Stevens  and  Thomas  Flowers,  who  were  paid 
as  follows:  Hogg,  three  hundred  pounds  of  tobacco;  the 
others,  two  hundred  pounds  each.  The  Council  ordered 
with  little  delay  that  the  Indian  be  shot  to  death  before  three 
o'olock,  the  next  day,  Friday  afternoon. 


38  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

An  Act  for  Naturalization  of  Fordgners  was  also  passed, 
and  William  Tick,  a  Dutchman  in  Dorchester,  was  natural- 
ized, April  19.  He  was  a  native  of  Amsterdam,  Holland, 
but  having-  settled  on  the  Little  Choptank  River,  and  as  a 
partner  with  Richard  Preston,  who  was  a  large  land  owner 
in  that  section,  jointly  raised  live-stock  there.  Some  route 
of  his  001  or  about  his  premises,  which  he  frequently  used, 
perhaps  a  cattle-path,  his  English  neighbors  named  "Tick's 
P!ath."  From  that  name  and  the  traveler  of  that  path,  a 
traditional  legend  has  been  handed  down  from  generation 
to  generation  for  more  than  two  hundred  years,  that  William 
Tick  hung  himself  there;  and  the  apparition  of  a  "headless 
ghost"  on  Tick's  Path  has  often  been  seen  in  the  dark 
shadows  of  the  dense  forest  along  that  weird  pathway. 

Just  where  the  first  Court  of  Justices  met  in  1669,  or  1670, 
there  is  no  record,  but  private  family-papers  show  that  Court 
Sessions  were  held  at  a  town  site  called  "Islington,"  on 
"Nicholas  Mayney's  Point,"  on  Little  Choptank,  where  an 
old  brick  building  more  than  two  hundred  years  old  now 
stands,  at  the  side  of  Brooks*  Creek. 

In  167 1  William  Stevens,  of  Little  Choptank,  was  ap- 
f>ointed  Coroner,  and  William  Wroughton,  Thomas  Pat- 
tison  and  Thomas  Skinner,  additional  Commissioners,  and 
Daniel  Clarke  and  Henry  Trippe  were  elected  Delegates  to 
the  "Assembly;"  an  Act  was  passed  for  establishing  standard 
weights  and  measures,  which  were  to  be  purchased  in  Eng- 
land and  afterwards  set  up  for  Dorchester,  at  Daniel  Clarke's 
house;  Clarke  was  appointed  Keeper.  An  Act  to  Establish 
Ferries  over  Choptank  into  Dorchester  County,  and  over 
Nanticoke  into  Somerset  County,  was  also  passed.  A  tax 
levy  was  made;  in  Dorchester  there  were  263  tithables,  who 
were  taxed  33  pounds  of  tobacco  per  poll  or  head.  Tobacco 
was  then  worth  two  pence  per  f>ound;  the  price  is  here  given 
to  show  what  taxpayers  then  load  to  pay  in  money  value — 
about  one  dollar  and  thirty-two  cents  each,  "Ordinary" 
Keepers  charged  ten  pounds  of  tobacco  for  a  meal,  and  six- 
teen pounds  for  a  night's  lodging. 


CHAPTER  HI. 

KECOSD  OF  LOCATION  OF  FIRST  COURT  HOUSE—THE  BUILDING  OF  COURT 
HOUSES  AT  CAMBRIDGE — NO  OFFICIAL  RECORDS  OF  COURT  PROCEEDINGS 
PRIOR  TO  1689  NOW  TO  BE  FOUND—ASSEMBLY  PROCEEDINGS  THAT 
AFFECTED  DORCHESTER— AN  ACT  FOR  KEEPING  HOLY  THE  LORD's  DAY- 
LEVY  FOR  PAYING  THE  PUBLIC  CHARGE— LIST  OF  MILITIA-MEN  SENT 
AGAINST  THE  NANTICOKE  INDIANS  IN  1669,  WITH  AMOUNTS  PAID  IN 
TOBACCO  FOR  SERVICES— MISCELLANIES. 

While  the  first  Courts  of  Dorchester  were  temporarily 
held  in  private  houses  for  the  first  two  years  of  the  county's 
existence,  an  appropriate  building  was  soon  established. 
From  "John's  Point,"  on  Brooks'  Creek,  a  tract  of  land 
acquired  by  John  Hudson,  November  24,  1665 — the  Court 
was  removed  to  "Harwood's  Choice,"  a  plantation  lying  on 
the  most  easterly  branch  of  Fishing  Creek,  a  tributary  of  Lit- 
tle Choptank  River.  It  contained  150  acres,  and  was  pur- 
chased by  William  Worgin,  tenant,  of  Fishing  Creek,  from 
Robt.  Harwood,  of  Talbot  County,  on  the  sixth  day  of  Octo- 
ber, 1670.  This  Court  record  is  subscribed  by  Edward 
Savage,  Clerk  of  Court.     Witness,  Stephen  Gary. 

At  a  session  of  the  Court,  held  December  11,  1673,  by 

Daniel  Clark,  '\ 

Robert  Winsmore,  >  of  the  Quorum, 
William  Stevens,     J 

and 
Henry  Trippe,  )  .^.^^^ 

Thomas  Skinner,     j  "^  ' 

William  Worgin  gave  twenty-five  acres  of  "Harwood's 
Choice,"  "and  a  new  house  lately  built  and  finished  by 
George  Seward  for  the  keeping  of  the  Court  there."  He 
also  gave  timber  for  buildings  and  firewood  for  use  of  the 
Court;  and  gave  l^ond  to  the  amount  of  12,000  pounds  of 


40  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

tobaccoi,  to  warrant  and  defend  the  gift.  The  terms  of  the 
gift  were  that,  "Whenever  the  Court  removed  from  there, 
the  said  land  and  property  to  be  returned  to  the  owners." 
This  apparently  generous  gift  from  Worgfin  evidently  was 
an  inducement  to  have  the  County  Court  permanently  estab- 
lished near  his  premises.  Court  was  held  there  until  estab- 
lished at  Cambridge  in  1687. 

Mr.  James  S.  Shepherd,  present  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Court, 
published  an  account  of  the  building  of  the  several  Court 
Houses  at  Cambridge,  from  which  he  kindly  permitted  copy 
extracts  to  be  made,  and  are  herein  given. 

The  second  Court  House  in  Dorchester,  being  the  first  one 
built  in  Cambridge,  was  constructed  by  Capt.  Anthony 
Dawson,  in  1687.  He  contracted  with  Major  Thomas  Tay- 
lor, steward  of  Dorchester  County,  in  consideration  of  26,000 
pounds  of  tobacco  (worth  about  $1300),  to  build  a  house 
of  the  following  dimensions:  40  feet  in  length  and  24  feet 
in  breadth;  two  floors;  four  large  windows  below  and  one 
small  closet  window,  with  two  large  casements  to  each 
window,  etc.  Chambers  to  be  sealed;  one  large  pair  of  stairs 
with  rails  and  balusters;  a  large  porch  at  ye  end  of  the  house, 
etc.  This  Court  House  was  taken  down  and  sold  in  1770, 
when  the  second  one  was  built,  authorized  by  Act  of  Assemr 
bly,  passed  in  the  year  1770  (see  Chap.  XHI).  Robert  Eden, 
Esq.,  was  then  Governor.  The  Act  directed  200,000  pounds 
of  tobacco  to  be  assessed,  to  be  paid  Charles  Dickenson, 
William  Ennalls,  Robert  Harrison  and  John  Goldsborough, 
Jr.,  who  were  to  meet  in  Cambridge  by  March  15  and  con- 
tract with  workmen  to  build  the  new  house.  It  was  built 
of  brick,  upon  the  site  where  the  present  Court  House  now 
stands,  but  a  few  feet  nearer  the  street.  It  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  supposed  to  have  been  of  incendiary  origin,  in  185 1. 
The  records  in  the  Clerk's  Office  were  saved;  all  in  the 
Register's  Office  were  burned.  The  present  or  third  Court 
House  was  completed  and  occupied  in  1853,  and  cost  $18,- 
162.31.     It  is  a  substantial  and  commodious  building;,  and 


COMMISSIONERS   FOR  DORCHESTER  COUNTY  4I 

serves  well  to-day  the  same  purposes  for  which  it  was  built 
fifty  years  ago. 

Of  the  sessions  of  the  Courts  held  by  the  County  Justices 
from  1673  to  1687,  at  the  house  donated  by  William  Worgin, 
and  from  1687  until  August  5,  1690,  at  Cambridge,  there 
are  no  records  to  be  found  in  the  Clerk's  Office. 

Remarkably  strange  and  deeply  to  be  regretted  is  the 
failure  of  Edward  Savage,  the  first  Clerk  of  the  Court  in 
Dorchester,  and  his  successors  to  transmit  the  records  of 
the  Court  in  order,  down  to  Thomas  Pattison,  who  was 
appointed  Clerk  by  the  first  "Assembly  of  Revolutionary 
Associators"  which  met  August  23,  1689,  after  having  dis- 
placed the  Proprietary  from,  control  in  the  province,  and 
proclaimed  "William  and  Mary  Sovereigns  of  England,  the 
Province  of  Maryland  and  all  the  English  dominions."  For 
seventeen  years  there  are  no  records  to  show  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Courts  of  Justice  in  Dorchester  County,  although 
they  were  probably  convened  four  times  a  year  according  to 
the  law  under  Proprietary  rule.  We  must  content  ourselves 
to  know  only  the  names  of  county  officers  of  those  who 
represented  the  county  in  the  Provincial  Assemblies  and  the 
laws  passed  that  affected  the  colonists  in  that  division  of  the 
State. 

At  an  Assembly  session  in  1674,  begun  May  19,  the 
delegates  from  Dorchester  County  were  Daniel  Clarke  and 
Henry  Trippe.  An  Act  was  passed  to  build  a  Court  House 
and  jail  in  each  of  the  several  counties.  June  14  Com- 
missioners for  Dorchester  were  appointed,  viz:  Daniel 
Clarke  (who  was  then  a  Delegate),  Robert  Winsmore,  Wil- 
liam Stevens  and  John  Hudson,  Gents,  of  the  Quorum;  and 
Henry  Trippe,  Stephen  Gary,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Henry 
Hooper,  William  Ford,  Thomas  Skinner  and  Charles  Hutch- 
ins,  Gents.  Justices.  A  second  session  of  the  Assembly  was 
held  in  the  same  year,  but  nothing  special  was  done  for  Dor- 
chester. At  the  next  session,  begun  February  9,  1675,  Henry 
Trippe  and  William  Forde,  were  the  Dorchester  Delegates. 
A  public  levy  was  made  at  the  rate  of  165  pounds  of  tobaaco 


42  HISTOKY  OF  DOSCHESTEX  CDUXTY 

per  poll  or  heail  In  Dorchester,  355  persons  (males)  were 
taxed.  The  next  session  held  began  May  15,  1676.  ''Ordi- 
nary Keepers  were  appointed  at  the  several  County  Courts, 
including  Dorchester,  and  were  taxed  1200  pounds  of  to- 
bacco annually,  and  license  cost  25  shillings  sterling.  August 
6,  1676,  commissions  were  issued  to  Henry  Trippe  and 
Anthony  Dawson,  to  be  Captains  of  foot  companies  in  Dor- 
chester, under  CoL  Vincent  Lowe.  August  9  new  Com- 
missioners of  the  Peace  were  appointed,  namely,  Robert 
Winsmorc,  William  Stevens,  Raj-mond  Stapleford,  Henry 
Trippe,  and  John  Brooks,  Gentlemen  of  the  Quorum;  and 
Stephen  Gary  Barth,  Ennalls.  Ch.  Hutchins,  Henry  Brad- 
ley, Jno.  Pollard  and  John  Offcy,  Gentlemen  Justices.  At 
this  session.  The  Right  Honorable  Charles.  Absolute  Lord 
and  Proprietary  of  the  Province  of  Maryland,  first  presided 
over  the  Council.  On  May  30,  1677,  the  following  was 
put  on  record  in  the  House.  "Upon  complaint  made  to 
this  House  by  Andrew  Insloe,  of  Dorchester  County,  touch- 
ing an  execution  intended  to  be  served  on  him  by  Richard 
Meekins,  of  the  said  county,  it  is  thought  fit  by  this  House 
that  the  said  execution  be  hereby  suspended  and  superseded 
if  already  issued,  and  Thomas  Taylor,  high  Sheriff  of  said 
county  is  required  to  take  notice  hereof  accordingly."  Then 
as  now  the  Legislature  exercised  the  power  to  pass  Acts  of 
financial  relief. 

The  next  Assembly  met  October  20,  1678,  and  passed 
some  important  laws  of  interest  to  every  citizen  then  in  Dcw- 
chester,  notably,  an  "An  Act  for  Keeping  Holy  the  Lord's 
Day,"  which  is  here  partly  copied : 

"Forasmuch  as  the  sanctifying  or  keeping  holy  of  the 
Lord's  day,  commonly  called  Sunday,  is  and  hath  been 
esteemed  by  the  present  and  all  primitive  Christian  Churches 
and  people,  a  principle  and  chief  part  of  the  said  worship, 
which  day  in  most  places  in  this  province  hath  been  and 
still  is  profaned  and  neglected  by  a  wicked  and  disorderly 
sort  of  people,  by  working,  drunkenness,  swearing,  gaming, 
unlawful  pastimes  and  other  debaucheries  to  the  high  dis- 


MILITIA-MEN   AND  REMUNERATION      ,  43 

honor  of  Almigthy  God,  the  scandal  of  Christian  religion, 
and  the  apparent  detriment  and  ruin  of  many  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  province, — for  remedy  whereof  for  the  future, — 
Be  it  enacted.  *  *  *  That  from  and  after  twenty  days 
next  after  the  end  of  this  session  of  Assembly,  no  person  or 
persons  within  this  province  shall  work,  or  do  any  bodily 
labor  or  occupation  upon  any  Lord's  day,  commonly  called 
Sunday,  nor  shall  command  or  willfully  suffer  or  permit  of  his 
or  their  children,  hired  servants,  servants  or  slaves  to  work  or 
labor  as  aforesaid  (the  absolute  works  of  necessity  and 
mercy  always  excepted)."  Fishing,  drunkenness,  swearing, 
gaming  at  cards,  dice,  billiards,  sihulfle-boards,  nine-pins, 
horse-racing,  fowling  and  hunting,  or  any  other  unlawful 
sports  or  recreations  were  forbidden,  and  the  penalty  was 
to  i>ay  or  forfeit  one  hundred  pounds  of  tobacco;  and  in 
default,  be  committed  or  bonded  for  the  next  Coiurt.  The 
penalty  for  selling  strong  liquor  on  the  Sabbath  day,  was 
two  thousand  pounds  of  tobacco.  The  Sabbath  Day  Act  of 
1674,  was  now  repealed. 

Jacob  Lockerman,  who  was  bom  in  New  York,  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  States  of  Holland,  was  at  this  session 
naturalized.  Later  he  was  Clerk  of  Dorchester  Countv 
Court. 

At  the  same  session,  on  October  28,  an  Act  was  passed  to 
make  an  assessment  for  the  payment  of  the  "public  charge" 
of  the  province.  In  Dorchester,  the  following  named  per- 
sons who  were  then  living  there  who  had  served  in  the  cam- 
paign, or  aided  the  troops  sent  against  the  Nanticoke 
Indians,  were  paid  as  follows  for  their  services:^  To  Capt. 
Thoffnas  Taylor,  1900  pounds  of  tobaco;  Lieut.  John  Ross, 
1600  lbs.;  Cometist,  Maurice  Matheiws,  1500  lbs.;  John 
Brooks,  1750  lbs.;  Wm.  Haselwood,  800  lbs.;  Wm.  Wil- 
oughby,  700  lbs. ;  Wm.  Betts,  700  lbs. ;  John  Alford,  Robert 
Thomhill,  John  Thomas,  John  Nicholas,  Wm.  Robson, 
James  Mosley,  Rich.  Callenhaugh,  Rich.  Tubman,  Rowland, 


*Scc  Maryland  Archives. 


44  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Morgan,  Philip  Aherae,  John  Pope,  John  Savage,  Thomas 
Bowman,  John  Fish,  Jonathan  Waite,  John  Wallice,  James 
Egg,  John  Richardson,  Lewis  Griffith,  James  Dalton,  Henry 
Johnson,  James  Fielding,  Robert  Evans,  Charles  Hutchyson, 
John  Hudson,  John  Curtice,  and  to  John  Causey,  and  every 
and  each  of  them,  600  lbs.;  Capt.  Henry  Trippe,  1000  lbs.; 
Lieut.  Edward  Taylor,  700  lbs.;  Ensign  Edward  Pander, 
600  lbs.;  Francis  Tarcell,  400  lbs.;  Richard  Owen,  400  lbs.; 
Wm.  Law,  400  lbs.;  Thos.  Veitch,  400  lbs.;  John  Plummer, 
300  lbs.;  Laurence  Woonett,  400  lbs.;  Wm.  Watson, 
Matthew  Hood,  John  Denaire,  Mark  Mitchell,  Samuel  Finch, 
John  Snooke,  James  Nowell,  Philip  Gunter,  Thomas  Tay- 
lor, David  Fortune,  Edward  Cheeke,  John  Lawrence,  Wm. 
Marchent,  Stephen  Pardue,  Jos.  Casten,  Thomas  Collens, 
Charles  Morgan,  Richard  Tucker,  Andrew  Pruett,  Alex- 
ander Dowell,  William  Spuriway,  George  Sprouce,  Corne- 
lius Lurden,  Patriclc  Harwood,  Wm.  Walker,  Alexander 
Fisher,  Henry  Plummer,  William  Cheesman,  Thomas 
Cloughtane,  John  Foord,  and  to  John  Yate,  and  to  every 
and  each  of  them,  300  lbs.;  Capt.  Anthony  Dawson,  1300 
lbs.;  Lieut.  John  Mackeele,  700  lbs.;  Ensign,  John  Dawsey, 
600  lbs. ;  Edward  Hyde,  400  lbs. ;  Wm.  Plovey,  400  lbs. ;  Cor- 
poral Lewis,  400  lbs. ;  James  Haile,  400  lbs. ;  Thomas  Sym- 
monds,  400  lbs.;  Edward  Newton,  John  Newton,  John 
Waterly,  Thomas  Phillips,  Wmi.  Evans,  George  Hargissone, 
Rowland  Vaughn,  Philip  Sutton,  Henry  Harvey,  James 
Duell,  John  Pollingjton,  Wm.  Beard,  John  Lunn,  James 
Perle,  Henry  Newbell,  William  Taptico,  Wm.  Berry,  Jolm 
Clark,  Robert  Robertsone,  Stephen  Bently,  William  Mes- 
shier,  Thomas  Long,  William  Hares,  Richard  Thomasine, 
Francis  Floyd,  Darley  Cohoone,  Wm.  Mills,  Joseph  Reeves, 
John  Stamward,  Rich.  Dudson,  and  John  People,  and  to 
each  and  every  one  of  them,  300  lbs.  To  Bartholomew 
Ennalls,  6832  lbs.;  Henry  Bradley,  1832  lbs.;  Daniel  Jones, 
150  lbs.;  John  Kirke,  895  lbs.;  James  Peterkin,  50  lbs.;  John 
Pierson,  50  lbs.;  Oliver  Gray,  464  lbs.;  Wm.  Robsone,  50 
lbs.;  Richard  Holland,  400  lbs.;  John  Hudsone,  1230  lbs.; 


EVENTS  IN  COLONIAL  DAYS  45 

Henry  Beckwith,  50  lbs.;  Stephen  Gary,  85  lbs.;  Wm. 
Stephens,  731  lbs.;  Wm.  Dorring^on,  579  lbs.;  Daniel  Jones, 
407  lbs.;  John  Richardson,  25  lbs.;  John  Steward,  370  lbs.; 
John  Davis,  70  lbs.;  William  Daysone,  70  lbs.;  Wm.  Wil- 
loughby,  300  lbs. ;  Thomas  Flowers,  200  lbs. ;  Henry  Turner, 
200  lbs.;  Raymond  Staplefort,  300  lbs.;  Frances  Tarcell, 
200  lbs. 

These  claims  were  paid  out  of  the  colonial  revenue  at  the 
Government  warehouses,  chiefly  by  exchange  of  tobacco, 
for  imported  merchandise  in  demand  and  needed  by  the 
people  in  every  colonial  household. 

Space  in  this  work  is  too  limited  to  give  in  detail  every 
local  event  of  record  in  colonial  days,  about  thei  people  and 
their  doings  in  Dorchester.  Then,  as  now,  conflicting  inter- 
ests in  landhoJding,  business  affairs  and  politics  arose  and 
were  faced  by  contending  opponents.  In  1679  Raymond 
Staplefort,  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Dorchester,  was  dis- 
missed by  Governor  Calvert,  on  complaint  made  by  some 
of  the  county  citizens.  He  had  been  one  of  the  Justices 
since  1669,  when  he  was  transferred  from  the  office  of  Sheriff. 

At  a  Colonial  Council  in  1681,  a  petition  was  presented 
by  James  Peterkin,  against  Stephen  Gary,  Sheriff  of  Dor- 
chester County,  ithat  Gary  and  others  had  combined  to 
defraud  and  deceive  him  of  his  just  rights  and  property;  that 
they  illegally  proceeded  in  the  executiom  of  a  warrant  for 
summoning  a  jury  to  lay  out  the  bounds  of  Capt.  Anthony 
Dawson's  land  in  Transquaking  River,  by  empanneling 
Jurors  excepted  by  Peterkin,  and  that  damage  and  almost 
ruined  him.  An  investigation  w:as  ordered  to  be  heard 
before  the  next  Council. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

THE  PROTESTANT  REVOLUTION  IN  1689— COUNTY  OFFICIALS  CHOSEN- 
KING  William's  approval  of  the  protestant  associators'  revo- 
lution—continues THE  provincial  OFFICERS  AD  INTERIM — LIONEL 
COPLEY  BECOMES  GOVERNOR— PROTESTANT  CHURCH  ESTABLISHED  BY 
LAW— DEATH  OF  COPLEY — ^GOVERNOR  ANDROS  ASSUMED  CONTROL — COL. 
CHARLES  HUTCHINS,  A  MEMBER  OF  THE  GOVERNOR'S  COUNCIL,  1694 — 
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  NICHOLSON  INSTALLED  GOVERNOR — DORCHES- 
TER SUBSCRIBED  TO  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  FUND — REVISION  OF  THE 
PROTESTANT  CHURCH  LAW,  AND  COMMENTS  ON  ASSEMBLY  DELEGATES 
FROM  DORCHESTER  AND  OTHER  COUNTIES — STRICT  RULES  GOVERNING 
THE  PEOPLE  AND  EFFECTS. 

1689.  After  William  and  Mary  ascended  the  throne  of 
England,  and  the  unfortunate  delay  of  the  Proprietary  of 
Maryland  to  prociaim  them  sovereigns,  owing  to  a  longj  voy- 
age of  the  vessel  which  had  on  board  the  messengers  who 
were  bringing  the  proclamation  to  Maryland,  a  crisis  in  pub- 
lic sentiment,  already  in  sympathy  with  the  new  King  and 
Queen,  arose  in  the  colony,  and  in  April,  1689,  there  was 
formed  by  revolutionary  measure:.  *'an  aisociation  in  arms 
for  the  defence  of  the  Protestant  religion,  and  for  asserting 
the  rights  of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary  to  the  Province 
of  Maryland,  and  all  the  English  Dominions,"  which  was  led 
by  John  Coode,  a  wicked  and  desperate  man. 

This  revolution  deprived  the  Proprietary  of  the  right  of 
governing  Maryland  with  officially  appointed  officers  in  the 
province;  but  we  find  that  most  of  the  office-holders  who  had 
well  and  faithfully  served  him,  readily  accepted  appointments 
to  office  and  elective  places  under  royal  decree,  and  even 
under  the  assumed  Assembly  of  the  King's  Protestant  sub- 
jects, that  met  August  23,  1689.  We  discover,  in  Dorchester 
County,  that  for  regulating  the  affairs  of  the  militia,  Henry 
Trippe,  who  had  served  the  Proprietary  in  many  offices,  was 
appointed  "Major  of  the  Horse"  in  the  place  of  Thomas  Tay- 


LIONEL    COPLEY    APPOINTED    GOVERNOR  47 

lor;  Thomas  Ennalls,  Captain  of  a  foot  company  in  the  place 
of  Captain  Trippe;  John  Murket,  Captain  of  a  foot  company 
in  the  place  of  Anthony  Dawson.  Thomas  Pattison,  late 
Clerk  of  the  Court  under  the  Proprietary  was  reappointed 
Clerk.  The  Justices  were  Henry  Trippe,  Charles  Hutchins, 
Henry  Hooper,  John  Woodward  and  John  Brooks — a  very 
little  change  from  the  Proprietary  appointees.  It  is  surprising 
that  honorable  men  like  the  above-named  would  accept  or 
hold  office  under  the  dictation  of  the  notorious  and  lawless 
John  Coode,  whose  word  to  the  associated  Assembly  was 
law,  and  whose  demands  were  conceded  without  question 
whether  right  or  wrong.  Coode  was  so  publicly  detested 
that  several  counties  refused  to  send  representatives  to  the 
Assembly  in  1689,  notably  Anne  Arundel  and  Kent  Coun- 
ties. 

In  1690  King  William  made  a  formal  approval  of  the  rev- 
olutionary acts  of  the  Protestant  Association  in  Maryland, 
and  authorized  the  leaders  to  continue  as  officers  ad  interim. 
April  9,  1692,  Lionel  Copley  arrived  in  Maryland  with  a 
royal  commission,  and  was  art:  once  recognized  as  Governor. 
The  Assembly  met  May  14,  1692,  an  ultra  body  that  passed  a 
sacrilegious  Act,  entitled  **F6r  the  service  of  Almighty  God, 
and  the  establishment  of  the  Protestant  religion."  It  was 
a  law  that  protected  Protestants  only,  and  made  it  criminal 
for  Catholics  to  hold  divine  service  according  to  their  church 
forms,  and  gave  no  lawful  protection  to  other  religious 
denominations. 

Whatever  laws  or  customs  that  prevailed  at  large  to  aflfect 
the  colonists,  were  proportionately  felt  by  the  people  of  Dor- 
chester. Previous  to  this  Protestant  crusade,  little  had  been 
done  to  establish  religious  services  or  for  the  education  of 
children.  Vice  and  immorality  flourished.  Ignorance  and 
rude  manners  influenced  home  life  in  many  sections  of  the 
county  and  province  as  well.  The  Church  Act  of  1692  with 
other  reformatory  laws,  good  in  one  sense,  and  bad  in  an- 
other, very  slowly  improved  the  habits  of  the  lower  classes 
of  society. 


48  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

At  some  time  previous,  Hugh  Eccleston  had  been  ap- 
pointed Clerk  of  the  Dorchester  County  Court,  but  had  been 
lately  removed  by  Governor  Copley,  "and  now  presented  a 
petition  to  be  reinstated,  alleging  for  reason  that  he  had  well 
and  submissively  behaved  himself  to  their  Majesties'  Gov- 
ernment, and  was  never  known  or  suspected  to  be  any  ways 
tainted  or  ill-eflfeoted  to  the  same,  and  for  what  reasons 
turned  out  he  knew  not." 

Charles  Hutchins,  Edward  Pinder,  Thomas  Ennalls,  Henry 
Hooj>er,  Thomas  Hicks  and  William  Mishew,  Magistrates, 
had  endorsed  his  petition. 

On  May  i8  the  Governor  sent  for  Dr.  John  Brooks  to 
give  his  opinion  of  Mr.  Eccleston,  late  Clerk  of  the  Dor- 
chester County  Court,  who  had  petitioned  for  reinstatement* 

He  said  "that  he  well  knew  Eccleston  to  be  every  way 
fully  qualified  for  the  place,  and  will  give  great  satisfaction 
to  the  County  as  formerly  he  hath  done.  *  *  *"  The 
Commissioners  of  the  County  "upon  examination  thereof 
could  not  find  anything  substantial  or  material  against  the 
said  Eccleston,  whereupon  and  for  that,  it  is  also  informed 
that  the  present  Clerk,  Mr.  Benjamin  Hunt  keeps  an  "Ordin- 
ary."    His  Excellency  restored  Eccleston  to  the  clerkship. 

Delegates  at  this  session  from  Dorset,  were  Henry  Trippe, 
Dr.  John  Brooks,  Thomas  Ennalls  and  Edward  Pinder. 

At  thel  adjoumjnent  of  this  Assembly,  June  9,  1692,  it 
was  prorogued  by  Governor  Copley  until  October  13,  1693, 
but  a  few  days  before  the  death  of  Governor  Copley,  he  called 
an  extra  session  to  meet  September  20,  1693. 

After  the  Governor's  death.  Governor  Andros,  then  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  at  once  seized  the  government  of  Maryland, 
by  virtue  of  a  royal  commission,  having  been  appointed  Com- 
mander-in-Chief of  Maryland,  in  March,  1692,  while  Capt. 
Francis  Nicholson  had  been  appointed  or  commissioned 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  February.  Andros  claimed  that  his 
commission  empowered  him  to  do  so,  in  the  event  of  Cop- 
ley's death,  and  the  absence  of  Nicholson,  but  when  exam- 
ined, it  only  authorized  him  to  assume  oontrol  in  the  event 


ACTS  OF  ASSEMBLY  49 

of  Nicholson's  death  and  Copley's  absence.  At  this  Septem- 
ber session  Dorchester  was  only  represented  for  one  day,  and 
by  Henry  Trippe,  who  was  then  granted  leave  to  go  to  Eng- 
lajid.  Dr..  John  Brooks  and  Edward  Hnder,  other  late 
members  had  recently  died,  and  Thomas  Ennalls  failed  to 
appear.  There  was  little  to  note  of  Dorchester  affairs  at  this 
Assembly,  except  the  issuing  of  writs  for  an  election  of  repre- 
sentatives, and  the  selection  of  Col.  Charles  Hutchins,  by 
Governor  Andros,  for  a  member  of  his  council  under  his  ques- 
tionable rule.  The  County  and  Court  Justices  in  1693  and 
1694  under  his  control  were  Richard  Owen,  Walter  Camp- 
bell, Thomas  Ennalls;  and  Wm.  Mishew  and  John  Mackeele. 
Special  and  interesting  County  Court  prooeedings  at  this 
period  are  given  in  Chapter  V. 

Governor  Andros  returned  to  Virginia  in  1693,  leaving 
Nicholas  Greenbury  President  of  the  Council  and  Acting 
Governor.  Still  in  control  in  May,  1694,  he  appointed  Sir 
Thomas  Lawrence  President  of  the  Council  and  Acting  Gov- 
ernor. In  the  following  summer  Lieutenant-Governor 
Nicholson  arrived  in  the  province,  exhibited  his  commission 
and  was  installed  Governor.  His  administration  did  not 
radically  change  the  County  Officers  in  Dorchester,  particu- 
larly the  Court  officials,  nor  in  the  election  of  Burgesses  to 
the  Assembly. 

At  the  next  Assembly  session,  held  in  May»  1695,  one  leg- 
islative bill  allowed  Jacob  Lockerman,  Sheriff  of  Dorchester 
County,  1440  pounds  of  tobacco  for  carrying  the  Burgesses 
over  to  the  Assembly  in  February,  1794,  and  the  same  amount 
for  similar  work  in  May,  1695.  ^^  ^his  session,  Henry 
Hooper,  Thomas  Ennalls  and  Thomas  Hicks,  Burgesses 
from  Dorchester,  were  paid  for  official  services  140  pounds 
of  tobacco  per  day  for  the  session  and  for  traveling  expenses 
for  four  days,  80  pounds  per  day. 

At  the  next  Assembly  session,  on  October  17,  an  order 

was  passed  that  the  Courthouse  at  Cambridge  be  used  for 

holding  Episcopal  Church  services,  as  it  stood  convenient 

for  church  purposes  in  the  parish. 
4 


50  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

The  educational  interests  entertained  by  Governor  Nichol- 
son, late  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Virginia,  that  influenced 
largely  the  building  of  William  and  Mary  College  in  1693, 
had  not  abated  when  he  came  to  govern  Maryland.  His  pro- 
position to  the  Assembly  led  to  the  passage  of  the  Petitionary 
Act  in  1696  for-  establishing  a  Free  School  or  Schools  in 
Maryland.  By  legislative  appropriations  and  Governor 
Nicholson's  magnificent  gift  and  private  subscriptions,  King 
William's  School  in  Annapolis  was  erected.  The  contribu- 
tors for  this  school  building  from  Dorchester  were: 

Colonel  Hutchins,  who  gave  1000  pounds  of  tobacca 

Henry  Hooper,  who  gave  800  pounds  of  tobacco. 

John  Pollard,  who  gave  800  pounds  of  tobacco. 

Thomas  Hicks,  who  gjave  800  pounds  of  tobacco. 

Thomas  Ennalls,  who  gjave  1200  pounds  of  tobacco. 

A  Board  of  Visitors  or  School  Trustees  was  appointed 
from  each  county;  those  from  Dorchester  were  Rev.  Thomas 
Howell,  rector  of  Great  Choptank  parish;  Col.  Roger  Wool- 
ford;  Major  Henry  Ennalls;  Capt.  John  Rider;  Capt.  Henry 
Hooper;  Capt.  John  Hodson  and  Govert  Lockerman. 

Under  royal  control  some  stringent  laws  were  passed  that 
were  helpful  to  some  persons  and  burdensome  to  others. 
Every  Dorchester  citizen  felt  their  effects.  Especially  so 
was  the  Act  passed  in  1696  that  repealed  all  prior  Acts  con- 
cerning religfion  and  church  worship,  and  enacted  another 
that  bore  the  same  title  as  the  Act  of  1692,  viz :  "An  Act  for 
the  service  of  Almighty  God  and  the  establishment  of  the 
Protestant  Religfion  in  this  Province."  This  Act  required 
the  annual  payment  of  the  tobacco  tax  of  forty  pounds  per 
poll,  or  head,  by  every  person  over  sixteen  years  of  age,  for 
the  support  of  the  church  and  its  ministry.  Only  ministers 
and  poor  persons  who  received  alms  from  the  county  were 
exempted  from  payment  of  this  tax. 

The  Anglican  Church  Act  of  1692  and  its  supplements 
had  become  so  unpopular,  that  it  was  very  doubtful  if  the 
Council  of  Maryland  and  the  Burgesses  of  the  General  As- 
sembly of  the  Province,  would  pass  the  forty  pound  poll  tax; 


ANGLICAN   CHURCH   ACT  OF   1692  $1 

and  William  Smithson,  an  ardent  supporter  and  friend  of  the 
Protestant  Government,  respectively  analyzed  the  Assembly 
vote  an  the  Church  Act,  prior  to  its  passage,  for  Dr.  Bray. 

The  characters  used  by  him  to  denote  his  opinion  of  each 
delegate  were  these :  "X"  for  those  thought  to  be  for  the 
law;  "B"  for  those  thought  against  it,  and  "D"  for  those 
doubtful.  The  Dorchester  Delegates  were  reported  as  fol- 
lows: 

"X"     Dr.  Jacob  Lookerman, 

"D"     Mr.  Thomas  Hicks, 
X"     Mr.  Thomas  Ennalls, 
B"     Mr.  Walter  Campbell. 

Comments  following  the  names  of  these  Delegates  were 
"Dr.  Jacob  Lockerman  and  Mr.  Ennalls  are  Good  Moderate 
men.     Vestrymen  and  wish  well  ye  church." 

"Mr.  Hicks  an  humdrum  fellow  knows  not  what  he  is  for 
himself." 

"Mr.  Cambel  of  ye  kirk  of  Scotland." 

To  digress,  and  give  comments  on  some  Delegates  from 
other  counties,  seems  irresistible. 

From  Charles  County : 

"Capt.  Philipp  Hoskins  and  Mr.  Philipp  Briscoe.  Luke- 
warm Neither  Hott  nor  Cold." 

Somerset  County: 

"Major  Wm.  Whitington  always  accounted  a  Jacobite. 
Mr.  Walter  Lane  &  Mr.  Samuel  Collins  are  silly  drunken 
fellows,  easily  persuaded  by  Whitington." 

Anne  Arundel  County: 

"Capt.  Richard  Hill  ty'd  to  the  L.'  Baltimore  &  Quaker 
Interest,  has  three  sonns  at  Menns  Estate  not  Christened, 
two  absolute  Quakers  &  and  the  other  leaning  Himself  hold- 
ing Baptisme  not  necessary  to  Salvation." 

Oaths  of  allegfiance  and  supremacy  were  required  frequent- 
ly to  be  taken,  in  the  transaotion  of  much  public  business, 
and  often  in  matters  of  private  affairs. 


52  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Brief  extracts  from  some  forms  of  oaths  are  here  given: 

"I  will  be  faithful  and  bear  true  allegiance  to  his  Majesty 
King  William."  Another  was :  "I  do  swear  that  I  do  from 
my  heart  abhor,  detest  and  abjure  as  impious  and  heretical 
the  damnable  doctrine  and  position  that  princes  exconnnuni- 
cated  and  deprived  by  the  Pope  or  any  authority  of  the  See 
of  Rome,  may  be  deposed  by  their  subjects.     *     *     *" 

A  third  was :  "I  do  declare  that  no  foreign  prince,  person, 
prelate  or  potentate,  hath  or  ought  to  ha/ve  any  jurisdiction, 
power,  superiority,  primacy  or  authority,  ecclesiastical  or 
spiritual,  within  the  realm  of  England,  or  the  dominioos 
thereunto  belongfing." 

The  various  strict  regulations  adopted  and  rigidly  enforced 
under  Protestant  rule  in  the  province,'  including  compulsory 
attendance  on  Sunday  at  church  service,  so  interfered  with 
the  liberties  of  the  people  that  the  County  made  but  little 
progress  from  1689  to  171 5;  and  from  the  restoration  of  the 
Proprietary  at  this  time,  to  1753,  Maryland  history  in  any 
part  of  the  colony  claims  no  great  events.  "Local  annals 
disclose  frequent  contentions  between  the  Proprietary  and 
the  people,  he  contending  for  hereditary  privileges,  and  they 
trying  to  establish  their  liberties  as  formerly,  and  to  acquire 
new  ones."  These  struggles  developed  in  Dorchester  and 
other  counties  popular  opposition  to  all  forms  of  oppression, 
and  were  the  germs  under  cultivation  that  developed  the 
Revolution  of  1776. 


:•  •: 
•  •  r 


•;  ••• 


• 


CHAPTER  V. 

MISCELLANEOUS  EXTRACTS  FROM  OLD  COURT   RECORDS  AT  CAMBRIDGE. 

The  first  or  earliest  Court  records  to  be  found  in  the 
Clerk's  office  of  Dorchester  County  Court,  date  back  to  Au- 
gust, 1690.  From  1669  ^^  this  time,  four  Courts  each  year 
were  authorized  to  be  held  somewhere  in  Dorchester,  and 
conclusively  shown  to  have  been  first  held  at  Islington; 
second  at  Dorset,  from  1673  to  1687;  and  at  Cambridge,  from 
1687  to  1690,  and  there  ever  since.  For  the  first  twenty 
years  of  the  existence  of  the  county,  few  records  of  Court  or 
county  affairs  are  to  be  found.  By  the  loss  of  the  records  a 
period  of  most  interesting  and  valuable  county  history  has 
become  extinct,  and  perished  with  the  colonial  generation 
that  made  it.  With  the  succession  of  County  Court  Clerks 
during  that  time,  viz:  Edward  Savage,  Thomas  Pattison, 
Hugh  Eccleston,  Thomas  Smithson,  William  Smithson,  Sam- 
uel Smith  and  Thomas  Pattison,  again  1688 — and  con- 
sidering the  strict  instructions  given  the  County  Justices  and 
Qerks  when  appointed,  that  outlined  their  duties  to  the 
people  and  oath  of  obligation  to  the  Proprietary,  it  is  a 
strange  mystery  that  their  recorded  official  proaeedings 
should  have  ever  been  misplaced.  If  Thomas  Pattison,  who 
was  Clerk  under  the  Proprietary  in  1688,  succeeded  himself 
in  1689,  having  been  appointed  then  by  the  Protestant 
Assembly,  why  should  not  the  records  kept  by  him,  at  least, 
under  the  two  different  governments  have  been  preserved? 

To  note  some  official  acts  of  the  Court  more  than  two 
hundred  years  ago,  and  later,  in  the  town  of  Cambridge,  then 
so  differently  peopled  and  influenced  by  law  and  order  in 
conformity  with  the  rigorous  code  of  English  justice,  will 
contrastingly  illustrate  the  difference  in  the  lightened  and 


54  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

modern  measures  of  justice  for  minor  offences  against  the 
law  in  this  day. 

The  organization  of  the  Court  under  the  reign  of  William 
and  Mary,  at  Cambridge,  is  here  given. 

First  Court  of  Record  held. 

,<, ,      .      ,  r    At  a  Court  held  for 

Maryknd  J  the  County  of  Dorehester, 

August  I.  1690.  1  ^^^^  5  ^^ 

Present,  Hon.  John  Brooks,      "j 

Present,  Col.  Charles  Huchens,     >  of  the  Quorum. 

Present,  Hon.  Henry  Hooper.  J 

Hon.  John  Hodson, 

Capt.  John  Makeele, 

Hon.  Thomas  Ennalls,   v  j    .. 

Mr.  Thomas  Hicks,  (  i^^^^^- 

Mr.  William  Misshew, 

Mr.  Edward  White, 

"After  the  Justices  and  all  the  Court  officers  then  present 
had  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  and  supremacy  to  their 
Lordship's  Majesties,  William  and  Mary,  by  the  Grace  of 
God,  &c.,  the  Court  adjourned  for  one  hour." 

^'The  Court  set  again." 

^'Proceedings.  Whereas  Robert  Thomwdl  was  fined  last 
June  Court  for  not  answering  to  serve  on  the  grand  jury 
being  summoned.  The  Court  then  said,  ordered  his  said 
fine  be  and  is  remitted,  he  having  now  shown  good  and  suffi- 
cient reasons  to  the  Court  for  his  absence  according  to  the 
former  order  of  Court!  Thos.  Pattison,  Q'k." 

"Thomas  Flowers  who  had  been  also  fined  was  relieved." 

"The  Court  ordered  that  John  Kirk  pay  unto  John  Lahy, 

his  corne  and  clothes  according  to  Act  of  Assembly  for  his 

time  of  service  completed  mth  him,  the  said  John  Kirk;  or 

execution.  Thos.  Pattison,  Cl'k." 


OLD  COURT  RECORDS  AT  CAMBRIDGE  55 

"Upon  the  complaint  of  John  Makeele,  Jun.  over-seer  of 
thyr  highways  on  Fishing  Creek  hundred,  that  William  Mills 
Mr.  Pollard's  man,  David  Jones,  Mr.  Clark's,  Edward, 
Thomas  Nooner,  Cornelius  his  negro,  William  Hill,  planter, 
John  King,  servant  to  John  Brannock,  Walter  at  Mrs.  Wood- 
ward's, and  Richard  Thomas  could  not  attend  the  clearing 
of  the  highways,  being  sununoned  by  the  said  the  over-seer 
&ct  The  Court  ordered  summons  be  issued  to  these  people 
to  appear  at  the  next  Court  to  be  held  the  first  Tuesday  in 
September  next,  and  answer  why  they  did  not  obey  the  over- 
seer, or  be  fined  according  to  law." 

"Kaitherine  Baggott  was  fined  five  hundred  pounds  of  to^- 
bacco  for  having  bom  of  her  body  a  bastard  child.  Thoimas 
Wells  appeared  at  Court  and  to  pay  the  fine  for  her.  The 
mother  of  this  child  was  a  servant  of  Mr.  John  Brooks,  and 
the  Court  ordered  the  child  to  serve  Mr.  John  Brooks  imtil 
21  years  of  age  for  the  raising  and  keeping  of  it." 

"Mary  Bradston  was  ordered  to  be  whipped  by  the  Sheriff, 
with  15  lashes  well  laid  on  the  bare  back  for  having  bom  of 
her  body  a  bastard  child." 

''Court  adjourned  until  8  o'clock  next  moming.'* 

August  6.     Provincial  Court  proceedings. 

1690.  "The  Court  this  day  ordered  that  Aaron  Tunes  shall 
bring  to  or  send  to  next  County  Court,  a  gun  that  he  for- 
merly bought  of  an  Indian  called  Cut  Wilson  Jack,  supposed 
to  be  a  gun  belonging  to  John  Dryson." 

"The  Court  this  day  ordered  that  Katherine  Fielding  shall 
be  whipt  and  receive  of  the  sheriff  ten  lashes  well  laid  on  her 
bare  back  for  the  contempt  and  abusing  the  Justices  in 
Court  Sitting. 

"Thos.  Pattison,  Q'k." 

"This  day  the  Court  ordered  that  James  Nowells  be  fined 
five  hundred  potmds  of  tobacco  for  his  wife  Margaret  Now- 
ells abusing  Mr.  Wm.  Hill  and  our  Burgesses  biding  them 
'be  damned.' 

"William  Hill,  Sub  Sheriff  of  the  County." 


56  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Trial  of  Thomas  N. 

"Asked  to  drink  his  Majesty's  health,  asks  what  King 
*  ♦  ♦  says  'I  will  drink  his  damnation  and  all  his 
posterity.' " 

("Not  guilty.") 

For  Slander: 

"The  Court  this  day  ordered  that  the  Sheriff  do  take  in  his 
custody  and  safe  keeping  Mathew  Cary;  and  that  he  be  wipt 
and      *     *     *     of  the  Sheriff  ten  lashes  well  laid  on  his  bare 

back,  and  likewise  that  the  said Cary  be  and  is  fined 

five  hundred  pounds  of  tobacco,  all  bdng  for  setting  false 
reports  against  Mr.  John  Brooks,  one  of  the  Justices  of  this 
Court,  according  to  Act  of  Assembly. 

"Thos.  Pattison,  Cl'k/' 

1 69 1.  Petition  to  Court  for  relief  of  Contempt,  for  non- 
appearance. 


it' 


To  the  Worships  the  Justices  of  our  Worshipful  Court 
The  humble  petition  of  John  Phillips. 

{That  the  Ptr.  was  for  a  grand  jury,  and  the  Pr 
being  remote  from  home  and  noe  quartors  to  be 
had  here  convenient  to  secure  horses  therefore  the 
Pr  did  endeavor  to  go  to  Wniw  Kenerlys  for  quartors,  but 
being  dark  and  unacquainted  with  the  way,  lost  my  way,  and 
the  night  far  spent  before  I  could  come  to  any  house  until 
at  last  by  the  harking  of  Mr.  Caanpbells  doggs  came  there, 
and  turning  my  horse  loose  could  not  find  him  timely  in  the 
morning;  now  may  it  please  your  Worships,  the  Commission- 
ers considered  that  your  Pr.  did  not  ever  doe  any  act  in  con- 
tempt of  ye  Worships,  humbly  prays  a  remittance  of  the 
fines,  and  yr  Pt.  as  in  duty  bound  shall  ever  pray. 

"John  Phillips." 

In  1691  "The  Court  ordered  that  a  bridezvcll  be  kept  at 
the  house  of  Arthur  Whitely,  at  the  head  of  Fishing  Creek." 


OLD  COURT  RECORDS  AT  CAMBRIDGE  57 


"Arthur  Hart,  constable  of  Armitage  hundred,  in  1691, 
conveys  to  the  kepper  of  Bridewell  House  for  Edward  Pinder, 
who  sends  a  servant,  to  be  held  there  until  Court." 

The  little  brick  jail,  the  first  one  built  in  Cambridge,  was 
either  full  of  prisoners  or  had  not  been  completed  at  this 
time. 

Copies  of  Old  Court  Records: 

State  of  Md.  )  Indictment :     Felony :     N.  Cul  &  issue. 
ag^nst       )  who  was  this 

term  convicted  of  Felony,  was  this  day  brought  into  Court 
to  receive  their  judgment,  which  was  that  he  should  pay  the 
fourfold  of  the  value  of  the  Hog  mentioned  in  the  indictment, 
and  should  return  the  said  Hog,  or  the  value  thereof  which 
the  Court  have  valued  at  one  hundred  and  twenty  pounds  of 
Tobacco  to 

and  further,  that  the  said  be  whipped  at  the 

public  Whipping  Post  with  ten  lashes  on  his  bare  back,  and 
then  should  stand  in  and  upon  the  Public  Pillory  for  the  space 
of  ten  minutes.  And  the  Sherriff  was  ordered  that  he  should 
do  execution  therof  forwith  at  his  peril." 

Old  Court  Record: 

AN  INDIAN'S  PETITION  TO  COURT. 

Mr.  James  S.  Shepperd,  Deputy  Court  Clerk,  while  exam- 
ining some  old  records  in  the  Courthouse,  found  this  petition : 

"To  the  worpl  Justices  of  Dorchester,  in  court  sitting.  The 
herewith  petition  of  Harry  Will  Tom,  one  of  the  Ababcoes 
Indians,  humbly  sheweth: 

"That  your  petitioner  being  at  the  house  of  Edward  Bran- 
nock,  Sen.  in  Fishing  Creek,  found  several  Englishmen 
drinking  of  sider  and  other  drink,  and  amongst  the  rest  gave 
your  i>etitioner  some  of  the  drink  that  they  themselves  was 
a  drinking,  soe  that  your  petitioner  became  fuddled;  and  in 
that  condition  John  Brannock  would  have  your  i>etitioner 
to  goe  to  John  Button's  to  fetch  a  flitch  or  two  of  bacon  for 


58  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

the  said  John  Brannock,  and  in  order  thereunto  the  said 
Indian  had  a  small  payr  of  still-yards  to  weigh  the  said  bacoa 
and  as  the  Indian  was  goeing  along  the  drink  overcame  him 
SO  much  that  he  lay  down  in  the  woods  to  sleepe  and  by  that 
means  lost  the  said  John  Brannock's  still-yards  and  cannot 
find  them :  whereupon  the  said  John  Brannock  detains  of  the 
Indians  one  gun,  a  certain  quantity  of  peake  and  a  matcb- 
coat: 

"Now  may  it  please  your  worships,  the  premises  considered, 
your  poor  petitioner  humbly  craves  an  order  for  his  gun, 
peake  and  matchcoat,  and  your  petitioner  as  in  duty  bound 
shall  pray. 

"Harry  Will  Tom." 


Towns  and  Their  Descriptions. 
CHAPTER  VI. 

LOCATION   OF   TOWNS^WAREHOUSBS— PORTS    OF    ENTRY— TOBACCO 

INSPECTORS — ^APPOINTMENTS. 

At  a  session  of  the  Assembly  of  Maryland,  held  at  the 
"Ridge,"  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  in  October  and  Novenir 
ber,  1683,  ^  Town  Bill  was  passed,  which  was  in  part  as  fol- 
lows: "After  the  last  day  of  August,  1685,  ^hc  towns,  ports 
and  places  hereafter  mentioned  in  the  several  and  respective 
counties  within  this  province  shall  be  the  ports  and  places 
where  all  ships  and  vessels  trading  into  this  province  shall 
unload  and  put  on  shore  and  sell,  barter  and  traffic  away  all 
goods,  wares  and  commodities  that  shall  be  imported  into 
this  province.  And  likewise,  that  all  Tobacco,  goods,  wares 
and  merchandise  of  the  growth,  production  or  manufacture 
of  this  province  intended  to  be  sold  here  or  transported  out 
of  this  province,  shall  be  for  that  end  and  intent  brought  to 
the  said  Ports  and  places.  That  is  to  say,  in  the  County  of 
*  *  *  and  in  Dorchester  County,  on  Morgan's  Land, 
near  the  head  of  Fishing  Creek,  in  Little  Choptank,  and  on 
Traverse  his  Land  on  the  West  side  of  the  North  West 
branch  of  Transquaking  River,  at  or  near  the  fork." 

Commissioners  were  appointed  to  purchase  land  and  lay 
out  towns;  the  Dorchester  Commissioners  were  Major 
Thomas  Taylor,  John  Brooks,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Capt. 
Henry  Trippe,  Daniel  Clark,  Charles  Hutchins,  Edward  Pin- 
der,  John  Pollard,  John  Hudson,  Anthony  Dawson,  Thomas 
Pattison,  James  Peterkin,  John  Salisbury,  Thomas  Hicks, 
John  Mackeele,  John  Alford,  Henry  Hooi>er,  Jacob  Lock- 
erman,  John  Richardson,  Richard  Owen,  William  Dorring- 
ton,  John  Stephens,  Edward  Brannock,  and  John  Wood- 
ward, who  were  required  to  meet  before  the  28th  day  of 


6o  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

March,  1684,  and  purchase  of  some  landowners  one  hundred 
acres  of  land;  have  surveyed  and  laid  off  town  lots,  streets, 
lanes,  alleys,  and  leave  places  for  churches,  chai>els,  market 
house  and  for  other  public  buildings;  and  the  balance  divide 
into  one  hundred  lots.  The  owner  who  sold  the  land  was 
to  have  the  first  choice  of  one  lot,  and  no  person  to  purchase 
more  than  one  lot  within  the  first  four  months;  after  that 
time  any  person  could  buy  as  many  as  he  wanted.  Each  lot 
owner  was  to  build  one  house  not  less  than  twenty  feet  square 
before  the  last  day  of  August,  1685.  Each  lot  was  assessed 
a  yearly  rent  by  the  Proprietary  of  one  i>enny  current  money. 
The  cjharter  regulations  for  these  towns  contained  strict 
storage  and  maritime  rules  too  tedious  to  mention,  as  these 
places  never  developed  into  ports  of  much  trade  or  interest. 

In  April,  1684,  an  Assembly  Act  was  passed  to  locate  a 
town  on  Daniel  Jones'  plantation,  on  the  south  side  of  Great 
Choptank  River.     In  1686  it  was  named  Cambridge. 

By  an  additional  Act  to  the  Act  for  Advancement  of  Trade 
and  to  the  supplementary  to  the  same,  i>assed  October  30, 
1686,  other  towns  were  located  as  follows:  "In  Little  Chop- 
tank  River,  on  Brooks*  Creek,  at  'Nicholas  Marye's  Poynt,' 
called  Islington;  and  one  other  in  Hungar  River,  on  the 
East  side,  on  Andrew  Fusleys*  neck,  to  be  called  Bristoll." 
It  was  at  that  time  found  that  some  places  were  not  suitable 
for  towns,  iViz:  .  "In  Dorchester  County,  now  commonly 
called  *Dorq[hester,'  on  Morgan's  land,  near  the  head  of 
Fishing  Creek,  in  Little  Choptank,"  was  "by  this  Act  to  be 
annulled  and  untowned."  In  September,  town  officers  had 
been  appointed:  For  Cambridge,  Maj.  Thos.  Taylor;  Dorset, 
Edward  Finder;  Yarmouth,  Dr.  John  Brooks. 

Warehouses  were  built  at  most  of  these  towns,  which  were 
designed  for  ports  of  entry.  In  the  warehouses  built,  im- 
ported merchandise,  or  goods  to  be  exported  (chiefly  to- 
bacco), was  stored.  The  storage  charges  on  tobacco  per 
hogshead  was  ten  pounds  of  tobacco  each  year. 

Though  town  sites  were  located,  namely,  Dorchester, 
Islington,  Bristoll,  Yarmouth,  Cambridge,  and  others,  none 
grew  beyond  small  shipping  points,  where  tobaccjo  was  ex- 


TOBACCO   INSPECTORS  6l 

ported  from  government  warehouses — except  Cambridge, 
which  was  laid  out  in  1687,  and  to  which  the  County  Court 
was  transferred  from  the  town  of  Dorset  in  that  year. 

In  1707  a  Town  Act  that  abandoned  some  towns  and 
authorized  laying  out  others  was  passed/ 

One  hundred  acres  was  laid  out  for  a  town  on  a  point 
called  Philips*  Point,  on  the  north  side  of  Fishing  Creek, 
in  Hungar  River. 

Little  Yarmouth,  on  Transquaking  River,  was  aban- 
doned. 

At  a  session  of  the  Assembly,  began  November  21,  1763,  an 
Act  was  passed  amending  the  Tobacco  Laws  of  the  State, 
that  designated  the  location  of  the  houses,  salaries  of  inspec- 
tors, and  method  of  appointments.  The  location  of  the 
warehouses  in  Dorchester,  number  of  inspectors  for  each,  and 
the  amount  of  their  salary,  are  here  given : 

"David  Melvill's  Warehouse,"  one  inspector;  salary,  8800 
lbs.  Tobacco. 

'At  Hunting  Creek,"  one  insi>ector,  10,400  lbs.  Tobacco. 
'East  side   of   North   West   Fork   of   Nanticoke,   above 
Crotcher's  Ferry,"  one  inspector,  4000  lbs.  Tobacco. 

At  the  late  Henry  Ennalls'  Jr.,  his  warehouse,  at  Choptank 
Ferry,  one  insi>ector,  9600  lbs.  Tobacco. 

"Edward  White's  Warehouse,  on  Little  Choptank,"  one 
ins|>ector,  9600  lbs.  Tobacco. 

"At  Plymouth  Warehouse,  on  Fishing  Creek,"  one  inspec- 
tor, 4800  lbs.  Tobacco. 

"At  Vienna  town,  on  the  land  of  Joshua  Edmondson,"  one 
inspector,  4800  lbs.  Tobacco. 


^At  the  same  session  a  Town-Port  Act  was  passed  that  defined  dis- 
tricts for  ports  of  entry,  touching  Dorchester  County,  as  follows:  "That 
all  towns,  rivers,  creeks  in  Talbot  County,  and  towns,  rivers,  creeks  and 
coves  in  Great  Choptank  and  Little  Choptank  Rivers  in  Dorchester  County 
and  Kent  Island  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  shall  be  deemed  and  taken  to 
be  members  of  the  Port  of  Oxford.  All  of  Somerset  and  the  remaining 
part  of  Dorchester  County  to  be  members  of  the  Port  of  Green  Hill,  in 
Wicomico  River.  All  commanders  of  ships  or  vessels  shall  enter  their 
ships  with  the  Naval  officers  and  Collectors  of  the  several  districts  where 
they  design  to  ride  and  unload.'* 


62  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

TOBACCO    INSPECTORS— HOW    APPOINTED. 

The  several  and  respective  vestrymen  and  church  wardens 
of  every  parish  were  required  to  meet  at  their  respective 
churches  between  the  first  and  tenth  day  of  September,  every 
year,  to  nominate  and  recommend  to  the  Governor,  four  or 
two  able  and  efficient  planters,  well  skilled  in  tobacco,  for 
each  and  every  inspection  within  their  parish.  The  certifi- 
cates of  recommendation  thus  made  were  forwarded  to  the 
Governor,  who  then  made  the  appointments. 

The  first  public  warehouse  at  Vienna  was  built  in  1762. 
About  this  year  it  was  made  a  port  of  entry. 


f 


.••    V  »  ♦ 


k        »        k 


CHAPTER  VII. 

CAMBRIDGE. 

DBSCRIPTIVB  LOCATION— COMMERCIAL  ADVANTAGES  AND  FACILITIES— ORIGIN 
AND  EARLY  HISTORY— SOCIAL  PROMINENCE— COLONIAL  BUILDINGS— OLD 
JAIL— DORCHESTER  HOUSE. 

This  charming  little  qity — Cambridge — ^the  county  seat  of 
Dorchester  County,  is  well  situated  on  the  south  side  of 
Great  Choptank  River,  about  fifteen  miles  from  Chesapeake 
Bay.  The  city  is  divided  into  East  and  West  Cambridge 
by  Cambridge  Creek,  formerly  called  Hughes'  Creek,  which 
enters  the  Choptank,  a  beautiful  river  about  two  miles  wide 
at  this  point.  The  mouth  of  this  creek  forms  a  fine  harbor 
for  large  and  small  vessels. 

Steam  and  sailing  vessels  carry  a  valuable  and  extensive 
commerce  between  Cambridge  and  Baltimore  and  other 
ports.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Cambridge  and 
Seaford  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Delaware  Divi- 
sion of  the  P.  R.  R.  at  Seaford,  Del.,  that  affords  rapid 
transit  for  freight  and  passengers  between  Cambridge  and 
Philadelphia,  New  York  and  other  points.  This  metropolis 
of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland  has  a  bright  future  for  ad- 
vancement in  trade,  manufacturing,  and  growth  in  popula- 
tion. 

ITS  EARLY  HISTORY. 

The  development  of  Cambridge  in  colonial  days  was  the 
result  of  a  slow  but  excellent  work  of  a  notable  people  of 
various  nationalities,  with  English  predominating. 

In  April,  1684,  an  Act  of  Assembly  was  passed  at  "The 
Ridge,"  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  to  locate  a  town  on  Daniel 
Jones'   Plantation,  on  the  south  side  of  Great   Choptank 


64  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

River.  In  1686  a  supplementary  Act  was  passed  for  build- 
ing a  court  house  there.  Thomas  Taylor  was  appointed 
town  officer,  and  the  town  named  Cambridge.  By  dele- 
gated authority,  Thomas  Taylor  contracted  with  Anthony 
Dawson  to  build  the  Court  House,  which  he  did,  and  which 
was  occupied  by  the  Court  in  1687.  Previous  to  this  time  it 
appears  that  John  Kirk  had  purchased  of  Daniel  Jones  the 
one  hundred  acres  upon  which  authority  had  been  given  to 
build  a  town.  Kirk  soon  laid  out  a  number  of  town  lots  on 
each  side  of  High  Street,  from  the  river,  beyond  the  Court 
House  site.  At  this  period  of  the  town's  history  only  two 
streets  were  mentioned.  High  and  Poplar  Streets. 

With  the  possibility  of  being  a  port  of  entry,  where  a  watre- 
house  would  be  built  for  the  storage  of  imported  goods  and 
products  for  export,  chiefly  tobacco,  and  with  the  influence  of 
the  County  Court  and  court  officers,  still,  town  growth  was 
slow  for  some  years,  as  is  shown  by  the  low  price  of  town 
lots,  and  the  very  limited  number  of  houses  built.  About 
the  time  the  Court  was  established.  Kirk  made  sale  of  a  fev^r 
lots.  "He  sold  to  Charles  Wright  the  lot  adjoining  the  Par- 
ish Church,  called  the  'Market  Place,'  supposed  to  be  the 
*Sulivane  House;'  others  to  Arthur  Whiteley,  Thomas  Nev- 
ett,  Hugh  Eccleston,  and  to  John  Woolford." 

In  writing  a  brief  history  of  Cambridge,  it  is  a  pleasure 
to  quote  from  the  bi-centennial  address  of  Col.  James  Wal- 
lace, delivered  July  4,  1884,  whose  words  so  beautifully  picj- 
ture  the  town  life  of  its  people  for  a  long  period  in  colonial 
days: 

"From  1700  to  1776  the  town  grew  very  slowly,  but  its 
population  was  very  select  and  society  highly  polished. 
Here  were  located  the  Judges  of  the  Court,  the  clerks,  the 
lawyers,  the  physicians,  the  teachers — the  cultivated  people 
of  the  land.  Hither  came  those  who  sought  asylum  and 
rest;  some  from  sunny  France,  fleeing  from  persecution  after 
the  revocation  of  the  edict  of  Nantes,  some  from  old  Eng- 


EARLY  SETTLERS  6$ 

land,  some  from  Virginia,  some  from  Scotland  and  the  green 
Emerald  Isle.  Here  rest  the  bones  of  him  who  followed  the 
Prince  of  Orange  in  his  long  struggle  with  Louis  XIV. 
Men  trod  these  streets  who  followed  the  fortunes  of  the 
great  Duke  of  Marlborough;  who  heard  the  thunder  of  the 
battle  of  Blenheim;  who  heard  the  shout  of  John  Sobieski 
and  his  gallant  Poles  under  the  walls  of  Vienna  and  Buda; 
who  saw  the  wonderful  career  of  Peter  the  Great;  who 
watched  with  breathless  interest  that  fiery  comet  of  the 
North  which  swept  over  Europe  from  the  cold  and  inhospit- 
able regions  of  Sweden,  that  shattered  the  kingdom  of  Po- 
land and  laid  the  crown  of  Augustus  in  the  dust.  They 
heard  the  rumbling  of  the  coming  earthquake  that  shook  the 
world  in  1776  and  broke  the  shackles  of  a  thousand  years. 
But  they  were  too  far  off  to  be  involved  in  the  vortex  of 
those  great  events.  They  came  here  to  rest,  and  they  found 
it;  they  lived  the  life  of  gentlemen  of  the  olden  time.  They 
were  gallant,  chivalric,  polite,  cultivated  and  hospitable; 
they  had  no  mails,  no  newspapers,  no  politics,  no  heated  dis- 
cussions; they  devoted  themselves  to  literature  and  leisure." 
After  the  restoration  of  Lord  Baltimore's  Proprietary 
rights  in  the  province,  in  171 5,  an  era  of  prosperity  followed. 
Farmers  raised  and  sold  profitable  crops  of  tobacco,  and 
rapidly  acquired  wealth  from  the  products  of  slave  labor. 
Soon  that  class  of  farmers  retired  and  settled  in  Cambridge 
to  enjoy  the  comforts  of  prosperity  and  town  society.  They 
were  families  of  attractive  moral  forces  and  possessed  many 
characteristic  virtues  that  molded  a  society,  aristocratic  and 
refined.  Some  of  those  influential  town  and  county  settlers 
who  first  came  were  the  LeComptes,  Hoopers,  Stevenses, 
Taylors,  Hodsons,  Garys,  Brookses,  Dorringtons,  Pollards, 
Stapleforts,  and  others  from  Calvert  and  other  counties,  and 
Jacob  Lockerman,  from  New  Amsterdam.  These  were 
sooner  or  later  reinforced  by  other  prominent  families — the 
Ennallses,  Traverses,  McKeels,  Richardsons,  Harrisons, 
Hutchinses,  Steeles,  Neavetts,  Henrys,  Goldboroughs,  Suli- 


66  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

vanes,  Stewarts,  Martins,  Muses,  Murrays,  Trippes,  Baylys, 
Bumses,  Bryans,  Pages  and  Dixons,  and  still  others  with 
tastes  and  talents  that  made  Cambridge  the  most  picturesque 
town  in  Maryland  in  the  eighteenth  century.  In  this  period 
there  came  some  scholarly  men  who  inaugurated  higher 
literary  training.  From  this  splendid  combination  of  per- 
sonal attainments,  inherited  from  a  distinguished  and  noble 
ancestry  of  Europe,  or  the  Isles  of  Britain,  in  some  of  whara 
flowed  the  blood  of  heroes  in  war,  and  in  others  the  blood 
of  martyrs,  there  descended  men  and  women  in  Cam- 
bridge, with  noted  ability  and  splendid  genius,  who  occupied 
high  positions  in  public  and  private  life;  of  them  we  note 
foreign  ministers,  learned  lawyers,  skilled  physicians,  emi- 
nent jurists,  distinguished  theologians,  and  honored  gover- 
nors and  statesmen,  and  last,  but  by  far  not  the  least,  ladies 
of  rare  accomplishments — maids  and  matrons,  typical  queens 
in  society  and  home  life — models  and  molders  of  character 
that  left  their  life  impressions  on  brothers  and  sisters,  sons 
and  daughters. 

COLONIAL  BUILDINGS. 

Only  a  few  of  the  old  buildings  that  were  the  homes  of 
Cambridge  colonists  now  remain  in  the  original.  To  be  re- 
modeled or  removed  has  been  their  fate,  and  with  them  has 
disappeared  the  first  jail,  built  in  Cambridge  of  bricks  brought 
from  England  soon  after  the  County  Court  was  established 
in  1687. 

The  criminal  history  of  the  many  prisoners  confined  in  that 
little  jail  within  a  hundred  years  only  the  dim  old  records  of 
the  Court  can  tell.  Its  cooperative  agencies  of  punishment 
— the  whipping-post  and  pillory,  with  their  history  of  in- 
flicted brutality,  have  long  disappeared  from  public  view  and 
memory  under  modified  forms  of  criminal  law.  So  far  as 
is  now  known  only  one  prisoner  was  ever  confined  in  that 


OLD  couHTv  a  AOL,  CAM  an  I 


•  •  •!    •••     -      •     • 

•  •;     • 


/ 


THE  OLD  DORCHESTER  HOUSE  6/, 

jail  as  a  persecution  for  proclaiming  a  religious  doctrine  con- 
trary to  the  Established  Church  Laws. 

Accompanying  is  an  illustration  of  a  colonial  dwelling  still 
standing  in  Cambridge,  built  in  1728.  Its  history  as  a  pri- 
vate residence  and  public  house  is  here  described  by  its 
present  owner,  David  Straughn,  Esq. : 

HISTORY  OF  THE  OLD  DORCHESTER  HOUSE  IN 
CAMBRIDGE  AND  ITS  DEMOCRATIC 

CAMPUS. 

{By  David  StraUghn,  Esq,) 

The  historical,  political,  and  social  character  of  this  house 
is  replete  with  incident  and  instruction.  It  was  built  before 
the  colonial  struggle  for  the  Independence  of  our  country, 
even  before  Washington  was  born,  or  the  architects  of  the 
Federal  Union  and  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  had  an 
existence.  It  was  built  in  the  year  of  1728  when  the  Chop- 
tank  Indians  roamed  the  forest  and  defied  the  advance  of 
civilization  with  the  tomahawk  and  the  scalping  knife. 

Doubtless  the  rude  settlers  of  that  period  had  often  sat 
beneath  its  elm  tree  shade  and  discussed  the  mighty  problem 
of  man  to  rule  and  govern  himself. 

This  house  is  located  by  actual  survey  in  the  exactt  centre 
of  the  town  of  Cambridge,  equidistant  from  the  river  to  the 
cross  roads. 

After  having  passed  through  a  long  succession  of  owners, 
it  is  now  the  residence  of  David  Straughn,  Esquire. 

My  first  introduction  to  the  interior  arrangements  of  this 
house  was,  when  a  boy,  the  late  Josiah  Bayly,  Jr.,  escorted 
me  to  the  third  story,  and  showed  me  the  room  occupied 
by  his  distinguished  father  as  a  law  student,  and  private  tutor, 
in  the  family  of  Congressman  Scott. 

"In  the  year  1790,"  said  he,  "my  father  was  in  quest  of  a 
situation,  and  being  a  man  of  education,  he  brought  to  the 
house  of  Scott  the  complete  fulfilment  of  his  earthly  hopes — 


68  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

the  exclusive  education  of  his  aristocratic  daughters.  In 
consideration  of  the  education  of  these  girls,  Scott  promised 
Mr.  Bayly  that  he  should  have  his  board,  the  use  of  his  books, 
and  succeed  him  in  practice.  The  girls,  I  am  told,  were  very 
pliant,  tractable,  and  submissive  to  scholarly  discipline,  yet 
they  would  not  eat  at  the  table  with  him,  because,  forsooth, 
they  looked  upon  him  as  a  hireling  for  wages.  Nevertheless, 
Bayly  became  the  first  Attorney-General  of  Maryland,  and 
a  terror  to  every  evil-doer,  for  he  was  a  veritable  giant  in  the 
temple  of  justice." 

The  composite  building  of  the  Dorchester  House  was 
constructed  by  an  Englishman  by  the  name  of  Harrison, 
who  brought  all  of  its  material  from  England.  Tradition 
seems  to  have  established  the  faot  that  English  ships  canie 
within  the  enclosures  of  this  place,  for  they  had  a  brick  ware^ 
house  in  the  same  enclosure,  and  which  was  torn  down  abcnlt 
ten  years  ago.     But  what  was  the  nature  and  character  of 

■ 

the  trade  between  these  early  settlers  and  England,  we  art 
left  almost  entirely  to  conjectural  speculation,  except  tlrt 
exportation  of  tobacco. 

This  house  having  passed  from  Harrison  to  Scott,  we  now 
find  it  in  possession  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Joseph  Muse^ 
whom  Prof.  Benjamin  Gillman,  of  Yale  University,  mentions 
as  worthy  of  a  place  in  the  laboratory  of  scientific  men.  Being 
a  man  of  great  possessions,  and  having  become  piqued  with 
Dr.  White,  he  marred  the  beauty  of  this  place  to  a  great 
extent  by  building  a  drug  store  in  opposition  to  Dr.  White 
for  the  curtailment  of  his  profits. 

He  then  vacated  and  passed  over  to  Gay  Street,  and  built 
the  celebrated  "castle,"  in  whose  icy  halls  many  a  lover  has 
been  glad  to  receive,  when  ^knighthood  was  in  flower,'  the 
cold  smiles  of  a  passing  glance." 

We  now  find  the  character  of  the  place  has  been  changed, 

m 

and  that  it  is  no  longer  a  private  residence,  but  is  used  by  the 
traveling  public.  Thomas  White,  a  local  Democratic  poli- 
tician, converts  it  into  a  hotel,  and  makes  it  headquarters  for 


DORCHESTER  HOUSE,  CAMBRIDi 


.•  •: 


•  ••    •      « 

•  •  •    • 

•  •••  • 


•  • 


TH£  OLD  DORCHESTER   HOUSE  69 

the  Democracy,  and  calls  it  the  "Dorchester  House."  Pluto 
never  had  more  absolute  sway  in  his  regions  than  the  Dem- 
ocracy had  in  these  environments.  It  was  not  safe  for  a 
Whig  to  ventilate  himself  in  these  quarters,  especially  on  a 
public  day,  when  the  Democratiq  ship  was  under  full  pres- 
sure of  steam.  I  have  seen  the  stalwart  Henry  May  standing 
under  its  portico  addressing  the  Democracy,  and  at  the  same 
time  defiantly  challenging  John  Causean,  through  the  liking 
of  party,  to  meet  him  in  joint  discussion. 

Intellectually,  this  would  have  been  a  "battle  of  the  giants," 
but  had  the  great  Causean  accepted  this  challenge  and  va- 
cated the  Court  House,  he  and  his  cohorts  would  have  been 
like  the  war  horse  rushing  to  destruction  in  attempting  to 
storm  the  citadel  of  Democracy.  They  knew  too  well  that 
the  Democrats  had  on  their  war  paint,  and  that  they  were 
game  to  the  back  bone,  within  their  own  enclosures. 

In  the  diatribes  upon  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1850,  the  Whigs  were  invited  to  a  joint  discussion  of  the 
measures  of  that  {>eriod  for  a  whole  week  upon  the  Dorches- 
ter Green.  Governor  Hicks,  Dr.  Phelps,  Joseph  E.  Muse, 
and  Ben  Jackson  kept  the  political  caldron  boiling  every 
afternoon  and  evening  to  such  an  extent  that  the  passions 
of  the  people  ran  wild  with  excitement. 

It  was  here  that  Governor  Hicks  was  branded  with  the 
sobriquet,  King  Caesar,  and  Ben  Jackson  with  that  of  Little 
Poney.  The  Democrats  forever  afterwards  ostensibly  de- 
preciated the  political  power  of  such  a  man,  and  in  their 
speeches  said  forsooth,  we  love  Caesar,  but  we  love  Rome 
more.  The  Democracy  in  these  quarters  always  raised  a 
hickory  pole  and  flung  their  colors  to  the  breeze.  In  those 
days  the  passions  of  the  i>eople  were  always  inflamed  in  the 
campaigns  of  political  excitement  to  such  an  extent  that 
they  paid  very  little  attention  to  the  "retort  courteous,"  but 
were  adepts  in  personal  abuse.  But  still,  in  1852,  when 
Daniel  Webster  died,  the  Democrats  lowered  their  flag  at 
half-mast  for  the  fallen  statesman,  who  had  led  a  forlorn  hope 
of  a  Presidential  nomination  in  that  crisis. 


70  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

The  great  political  chieftain  lay  dead  at  their  feet,  and 
the  sad  valediction  had  hardly  been  pronounced  at  his  grave 
when  all  that  was  left  of  the  earthly  remains  of  the  old  Whig 
party  entered  the  house  of  mourning  for  the  last  time.  Thus 
died  the  great  Webster,  and  he  fell  like  the  colossus  of  the 
ages  in  the  temple  of  fame.  There  it  was  that  the  light  of 
the  last  star  of  hope  forever  went  out  in  the  councils  of  politi- 
cal wisdom  to  perpetuate  the  fostering  care  of  a  great  politi- 
cal party.  And  thus  endeth  the  first  chapter  of  the  Dor- 
chester House  with  its  incidental  connection  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

CAMBRIDGE  TOWARDS  THE  REVOLUTION— MILITARY  HEADQUARTERS  DURING 
THE  REVOLUTION — PEACEFUL  ATTITUDE  AFTER  THE  WAR— CHANGES  MADE 
BY  CIVIL  WAR — STIMULATED  ENTERPRISE — TOWN  DEVELOPMENT,  AND 
INDUSTRIAL  GROWTH — SOCIAL  ORDERS— NEWSPAPERS— CHURCHES. 

In  1745,  Cambridge  was  incorporated  by  Act  of  Assem- 
bly, but  Still  slowly  advanced  in  growth  and  population  prior 
to  the  Revolutionary  period.  At  the  time  of  its  incorpora- 
tion,  a  sanitai^  measure  or  nuisance-abatement  Act  was 
passed,  that  prohibited  the  raising  of  swine  and  geese  in  the 
town.  In  1750,  in  response  to  a  petition,  permission  was 
given  to  lease  the  church  land  of  Great  Choptank  Parish  by 
consent  of  a  majority  of  the  vestrymen.  Prior  to  this  period, 
throughout  it,  and  for  years  that  followed,  the  Assembly  of 
Maryland  was  absolute  in  authority  over  the  people.  The 
Assembly  proceedings  are  massive  volumes  of  petition^  for 
public  privileges  and  personal  liberties.  "Languishing 
prisoners"  in  "gaol"  for  debt,  burdensome  taxation  for  the 
support  of  the  Proprietary  government  and  the  Church,  were 
not  in  public  favor;  and  when  English  taxation  was  addition- 
ally imposed,  the  independent  spirit  of  Cambridge  people  was 
ripe  for  revolt.  The  leading  citizens  of  the  town,  influential 
in  the  revolutionary  conventions  and  Council  of  Safety,  made 
Cambridge  headquarters  for  military  oi>erations  on  the  East- 
ern Shore  during  the  War  for  Independence.  A  number  of 
brave  soldiers  and  distinguished  officers  from  Cambridge 
served  in  the  Continental  Army  with  g^eat  valor  under  the 
most  trying  privations,  until  relief  came,  either  by  death 
in  battle,  or  the  close  of  the  long  conflictt. 

After  the  close  of  the  war,  with  the  restoration  of  an  ac- 
tive foreign  and  domestic  trade,  the  wealthier  of  the  town  in- 
habitants resumed  their  former  habits  of  luxury  and  ease  in 
splendid  homes  amid  beautiful  surroundings,  largely  on  the 


72  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

revenues  derived  from  slave  labor.  In  this  way  they  contin- 
ued to  live  and  prosper  until  the  results  of  the  great  Civil 
War  so  radically  changed  the  conditions  of  labor  that  latent 
energy  was  forced  into  active  efforts  under  the  law  of  neces- 
sity. This  business  activity  of  compulsion,  aided  by  the  in- 
fluences of  traffic  in  army  supplies,  where  money  was  rap- 
idly made,  stimulated  enterprise  in  a  new  town  growth,  and 
opened  and  enlarged  avenues  for  commerce  with  the  world, 
which  led  to  the  development  of 

MODERN  CAMBRIDGE. 

In  1799  the  town  was  resurveyed,  new  streets  and  town 
lots  were  then  laid  out  about  as  they  now  are,  except  East 
and  West  Cambridge,  which  have  been  built  up  since  i860, 
when  the  total  population  of  the  town  was  about  twelve 
hundred. 

The  new  channels  of  trade  and  business  advantages  estab- 
lished soon  after  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  were  increased. 
Steamboat  lines,  the  completion  of  the  Dorchester  and  Dela- 
ware Railroad  to  Cambridge,  and  the  opening  of  teleg^ph 
communication,  which  invited  apt  enterprise  to  start  a  greater 
building  and  business  boom  in  the  town. 

The  first  telegraph  line  to  Cambridge  was  secured  by  Mr. 
W.  Wilson  Byrn,  then  president  of  the  new  railroad,  who 
made  terms  with  the  Western  Union,  by  which  the  people 
in  the  county  furnished  the  poles  along  the  railroad  and  paid 
for  the  wire,  which  the  telegraph  company  put  up  and  oper- 
ated. 

The  limits  of  this  book  will  not  permit  the  naming  of  the 
many  enterprises,  and  by  whom  projected  in  Cambridge, 
even  in  the  days  of  its  modem  growth,  but  some  will  be  men- 
tioned to  convey  an  idea  of  the  lines  of  town  progress. 

In  1869  the  first  large  manufacturing  industry  was  estab- 
lished on  the  East  side  of  Cambridge  Creek,  located  on  a  site 
of  about  ten  acres  of  land  bought  by  a  gentleman  from  New 
Jersey.  Large  lumber  and  flour  mills  were  built  there  and 
operated  under  the  management  of  J.  W.  Crowell  &  Co., 


•  •  • 


•  ••' 


•  • 


THE  OYSTER   INDUSTRY  73 

whose  business  amounted  to  about  $40,000  a  year,  in  supply- 
ing white  oak  timber  to  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  for 
car  building;  and  the  packing  of  hundreds  of  barrels  of  flour. 
This  plant  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1877,  when  the  firm  incor- 
porated under  the  name  of  the  Cambridge  Manufacturing 
Company,  who  rebuilt  the  plant,  and  has  been  operating  it 
ever  since. 

Shipbuilding  that  had  been  largely  carried  on  by  James  A. 
Stewart,  who  began  in  1849,  ^^  build  large  coasting  vessels, 
was,  with  some  intervals,  dontinued  by  different  builders, 
until  discontinued  by  J.  W.  Crowell,  who  built  a  number 
of  large  vessels,  and  shipped  the  frames  of  many  vessels  to 
be  built  elsewhere,  until  the  supply  of  white  oak  timber  near 
Cambridge,  suitable  for  shipbuilding,  was  nearly  exhausted. 
Next,  harbor  improvements  and  enterprises  were  begun. 
John  Lowe  built  a  wharf  where  the  marine  railway  now  is. 
Col.  James  Wallace  also  built  a  wharf  where  vessels  direct 
from  England  had  discharged  their  foreign  cargoes  and 
loaded  tobacco  for  export  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago. 
There  he  built  a  cannery  and  commenced  fruit  canning.  In 
1874  he  commenced  packing  oysters;  the  first  to  start  raw 
shucking  and  steam  packing  of  oysters  in  Cambridge. 

Immediately  following,  William  Hopkins  and  William 
Davis  built  a  marine  railway,  to  which  Joseph  H.  Johnson 
added  a  large  shipyard  after  acquiring  the  marine  railway. 

In  this  decade  of  improvement  a  new  county  jail  was  built 
in  Cambridge,  at  a  cost  of  about  $20,000.  Its  construction 
was  none  too  soon  for  the  use  of  the  town  government  that 
had  to  restrict  the  noisy  cjonduct  of  a  new  immigration, 
oyster  dredgers,  crews  of  oyster  boats,  chiefly  idle  men  from 
cities,  often  called  "tramps,"  that  came  every  winter  and  still 
come  to  dredge  oysters  to  supply  the  demand  of  a  great  in- 
dustry established  at  Cambridge,  which  next  claims  notice. 

THE  OYSTER  INDUSTRY. 

For  the  last  thirty-five  years,  the  catching,  shucking  and 
shipping  of  oysters  by  the  people  of  Cambridge  has  annually 


74  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

increased  from  very  small  beginnings,  until  the  business  is 
now  second  to  Baltimore's  oyster  trade.  It  has  advanced 
the  prosperity  and  growth  of  Cambridge,  as  much  as  all  the 
other  industries  located  there.  Several  hundred  oystermen 
live  in  the  town,  who  own  and  command  their  oyster  boats, 
of  different  classes  and  sizes.  About  eight  or  nine  hundred 
oyster  shuckers,  men,  women  and  children,  chiefly  colored, 
are  employed  to  oi>en  the  oysters  in  a  score  of  oyster  houses, 
managed  and  owned  by  packers,  among  whom  are  the  Cam- 
bridge Packing  Co.,  Choptank  Oyster  Packing  Co.,  Mace, 
Woolford  &  Co.,  I.  L.  Leonard  &  Co.,  Tubman  &  Mills,  J.  J. 
Phillips  &  Co.,  J.  H.  Phillips  &  Co.,  W.  G.  Winterbottom  & 
Co.,  W.  H.  Robins  &  Son,  J.  B.  Harris  &  Son,  Milford  Phillips, 
T.  M-.  Bramble  &  Co.,  Levi  B.  Phillips  &  Co.,  Geo.  A.  Hall  & 
Co.,  Julius  Baker,  Geo.  W.  Phillips  &  Son,  William  Blades  & 
Sons,  and  others.  Nearly  a  million  bushels  of  oysters  are 
annually  shucked  at  Cambridge.  The  employment  afforded 
by  this  business  within  the  last  twenty  years  has  furnished 
the  means  to  provide  nice,  comfortable  homes  for  several 
hundred  families,  as  well  as  for  their  support  in  this  thrifty 
town.  The  rapid  growth  of  oysters  is  marvelous,  and  the 
extent  of  the  be^s  only  bounded  by  the  distant  shores  of  the 
Choptank  and  the  Chesapeake.  With  proper  management 
the  oyster  supply  is  exhaustless. 

Cambridge  contains  1600  dwellings,  from  the  plain  cottage 
to  the  palatial  mansion;  one  hundred  and  thirty  stores,  in 
great  variety,  from  the  penny  shop  to  the  wholesale  house 
of  city  proportions;  three  National  banks;  building  and  loan 
associations;  a  bonded  trust  company,  and  splendid  school 
buildings  for  a  thousand  children.  Other  enterprises  of  pub- 
lic utility  are  the  Cambridge  Water  Company,  capital  stock, 
$60,000,  James  Wallace,  President ;  the  Cambridge  Gas  Com- 
pany, capital  stock,  $20,000,  Daniel  H.  LeCompte,  Presi- 
dent; the  Cambridge  Manufacturing  Company  (previously 
mentioned),  capital,  $100,000,  James  Wallace,  President; 
the  Cambridge  Shirt  Factory,  A.  J.  Foble,  President 
and  manager,  employing  one  hundred  and  fifty  hands;  and 


INDUSTRIES  OF   CAMBRIDGE  75 

five  large  fruit  and  vegetable  canneries,  operated  by  sepa- 
rate firms,  namely :  James  Wallace  &  Son,  Roberts  Bros.,  I. 
L.  Leonard  &  Ca,  T.  M.  Bramble  &  Co.  and  Woolford, 
Winterbottom  &  Lewis.  L.  K.  Warren  and  Messrs.  Sherman 
and  Collins  are  each  proprietors  of  steam  mills  for  manu- 
facturing flour.  S.  L.  Webster  is  manager  of  the  Webster 
Fertilizing  Factory,  where  large  quantities  of  agricultural 
manures  are  made. 

An  extensively  used  town  telephone  makes  connections 
with  most  of  the  towns  throughout  the  Eastern  Shore  Penin- 
sula and  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore.  An  opera  house,  with 
seating  capacity  of  six  hundred  people,  is  a  notable  town 
convenience. 

The  United  Charities  Hospital  is  a  large  building,  which 
is  fully  and  well  equipped  for  many  patients,  where  the  best 
skill  in  medical  science  and  surgery  is  applied,  equal  to  the 
Johns  Hopkins  standard  or  other  first-class  hospitals.  To 
meet  the  growing  demand  for  hospital  treatment,  a  new  and 
larger  building  is  to  be  erected  by  private  and  State  subscrip- 
tions. The  hospital  site  has  been  chosen  and  work  on  the 
building  will  soon  begin.  Mr.  John  E.  Hurst  subscribed 
$10,000. 

The  hotels  in  Cambridge  are  modern  in  structure  and 
splendidly  managed.  Braly's  is  a  brick  building  with  large 
accommodations.     Col.  E.  E.  Braly,  proprietor. 

Hotel  Dixon,  a  new  hotel  just  completed,  has  every  con- 
venience found  in  first-class  city  hotels.  Lee  Dixon,  Esq., 
owner,  and  Mrs.  A.  N.  Nicholas,  manager.  Colonel  Braly 
became  proprietor  of  Hotel  Dixon  in  November,  1902. 

Cator's  Hotel,  under  the  pHDpular  management  of  ex-She- 
iff  Thos.  B.  Cator,  is  well  patronized. 

Secret  societies  and  beneficial  orders  have  select  member- 
ship of  high  and  reputable  standing.  Of  notable  mention 
are  the  Cambridge  Lodge,  No.  66,  Masons;  Knights  of 
Pythias,  Independent  Order  of  Heptasophs,  Independent  Or- 
der of  Odd  Fellows,  Royal  Arcanum,  Junior  Order  United 
American  Mechanics  and  Choptank  Lodge  of  Red  Men. 


76  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Musicians  are  numerous  and  of  fine  musical  attainments. 
Three  organized .  bands  pleasingly  render  pathetic,  patriotic 
or  sentimental  airs,  that  move  the  public  heart  and  feelings 
as  often  as  occasion  requires. 

CAMBRIDGE  NEWSPAPERS. 

The  **newspai>er"  history  of  the  town  is  here  quoted  from 
the  best  known  authority  at  hand. 

The  first  newspaper  printed  in  Cambridge,  was  The 
Chronicle,  which  was  issued,  it  is  said,  in  182 1.  The  next 
to  follow,  as  well  as  we  have  been  able  to  learn,  was  the 
Dorchester  Aurora,  published  by  a  Mr.  Callahan.  The 
Democrat  and  Dorchester  Advertiser  was  established  about 
1840,  with  John  E.  Tyler,  editor  and  publisher.  W.  H. 
Bowdle  next  started  The  Democrat.  This  was  followed 
by  The  American  Eagle,  Ruben  S.  Tall,  publisher.  Later 
on  it  passed  to  the  management  of  George  W.  Jefferson. 
Handy  and  Ballard  succeeded  Mr.  Bowdle  in  publishing  The 
Democrat,  but  when  the  Civil  War  began  they  went  South 
and  left  the  publication  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Louis  E.  Barrett, 
foreman  of  the  office.  Mr.  Bowdle  again  entered  the  field 
of  journalism  and  started  The  Herald,  and  at  this  time  we 
learn  there  were  three  pai>ers  published  there. 

About  1865,  The  Herald  passed  into  the  hands  of  R.  K. 
Winbrow.  Later  Chas.  E.  Hay^ard  became  the  proprietor, 
and  when  he  was  elected  State's  Attorney,  sold  it  to  Col. 
George  E.  Austin  and  Dr.  d'Unger,  who  also  bought  the 
old  Democrat  and  consolidated  the  two  under  the  name  of 
The  Detnocrat  and  Herald,  The  American  Eagle  was  sold  by 
Mr.  Jefferson  to  Levin  E.  Straughn,  who  changed  its  name 
to  The  Intelligeficer,  The  Chronicle  was  suspended  on  several 
occasions,  but  reestablished  again  and  again,  and  at  one  time 
was  owned  and  published  by  the  late  Judge  Chas.  F.  Golds- 
borough.  The  Intelligencer,  just  after  the  war,  passed  into  the 
hands  of  Rev.  T.  Burton,  then  back  to  the  Straughn  family, 
and  was  finally  suspended.  In  1879  Henry  Straughn  and 
James  E.  Reese  started  The  Dorchester  Era,  now  owned  and 


>  • 


•  «> 


CAMBRIDGE  NEWSPAPERS  JJ 

pubtished  by  James  H.  C.  Barrett.  In  1867,  E.  L.  Keer  began 
the  publication  of  The  Dorchester  News,  afterwards  selling  out 
to  Joseph  H.  Johnson  who  also  purchased  The  Democrat y  and 
consolidated  the  two  under  the  name  of  the  Democrat  and 
News.  About  this  time  William  H.  Bowdle  started  The  Tele- 
graph, and  in  a  year  sold  out  to  Clement  Sulivane,  who 
changed  the  name  of  the  paper  to  The  Chrmticle.  He  pub- 
lished the  paper  about  fifteen  years.  *  *  *  Next  it 
passed  into  the  hands  of  James  Melvin.  Two  or  three 
years  later  John  R.  Pattison  and  E.  C.  Harrington  became 
its  owners.  Mr.  Pattison  retired,  and  his  half  interest  was 
purchased  by  the  present  editor,  and  proprietor,  W.  Laird 
Henry,  who  bought  out  Mr.  Harrington. 

To  return  to  the  Democrat  and  News,  when  Mr.  Johnson 
became  interested  in  shipbuilding,  he  sold  his  paper  to  C.  V. 
Bingley  and  John  G.  Mills.  Mr.  Bingley  soon  retired,  and 
from  that  time  on,  the  i>aper  was  edited  and  published  by 
Mr.  Mills  until  1901,  when  he  sold  out  to  Orem  and  Johnson. 

The  Dorchester  Standard  was  established  in  1895,  by  Phil- 
lips L.  Goldsborough,  who  sold  out  in  1901,  to  Thos.  S. 
Latimer,  who  is  now  editor  and  proprietor. 

The  Item,  a  monthly  paper,  was  started  in  1894,  by  E.  P. 
Vinton,  who  still  continues  its  publication. 

The  Daily  Banner  publication  began  Tuesday,  September 
21,1897,  Lindsay  C.  Marshall  and  Armistead  R.  Michie  being 
editors  and  proprietors.  May  19,  1898,  it  was  consolidated 
with  the  Chronicle,  a  weekly  paper  published  by  Emerson  C. 
Harrington  and  W.  Laird  Henry. 

Mr.  Michie  retired,  as  did  Hon.  W.  Laird  Henry,  editor  of 
the  Chronicle,  and  the  two  papers  have  since  been  published 
by  Harrington,  Henry  &  Co.  with  Lindsay  C.  Marshall  edi- 
tor and  manager. 

NOTED  CONFLAGRATIONS. 

Cambridge  has  severely  suffered  great  loss,  by  two  disas- 
trous fires,  and  numerous  smaller  ones.  The  first  conflagra- 
tion took  place  on  November  30,  1882,  destroying  Christ  P. 


78  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

E.  Church  and  other  buildings  and  involving  a  loss  of  many 
thousands  of  dollars. 

The  second  fire  occurred  July  30,  1892.  Fifteen  buildings 
v^rere  burnt,  including  two  hotels,  two  newspaper  offices,  one 
National  bank,  several  stores  and  dwellings.  The  estimated 
loss  was  $75,000. 

A  CITY  OF  FINE  CHURCHES. 

« 

Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  was  first  erected  in 
1693,  rebuilt  in  1794,  and  was  destroyed  by  fire  with  many 
other  buildings  in  November,  1882.  The  present  fine  edifice 
was  completed  in  1883,  at  a  cost  of  $20,000.  Rev.  T.  Carter 
Page  is  the  present  rector. 

Zion  M.  E.  Church  was  built  in  1845,  ^nd  rebuilt  in  1881 
of  stone  and  is  a  structure  of  modern  architecture.  Rev. 
E.  C.  Macnichol  is  the. present  pastor. 

Grace  ML  E.  Church  South,  was  built  in  1882.  It  is  a 
fine  stone  edifice  of  elegant  design  and  finish.  The  present 
pastor  is  Rev.  R.  T.  Waterfield. 

St.  Paul's  M.  P.  Church,  a  wooden  building  loqated  in 
East  Cambridge,  was  built  in  1882.  The  pastor  is  Rev. 
S.  B.  Tredway. 

The  First  Baptist  Church,  a  neat  and  attractive  building, 
is  located  in  West  Cambridge,  and  was  built  in  1884.     Rev.. 
W.  S.  B.  Ford,  of  South  Carolina,  is  the  pastor. 

"Mary  Refuge  of  Sinners,"  a  Roman  Catholic  church  was 
built  in  1894,  to  replace  one  built  there  in  1885.  This  parish 
church  and  others  in  the  country  are  in  charge  of  Father 
Dougherty,  recently  appointed  by  Bishop  Monaghan. 

From  Cambridge,  a  charming  city  of  flower-gardens, 
shaded  streets  and  modem  buildings  that  collectively  deco- 
rate a  well  selected  town  location;  a  spot  of  the  Red  Men's 
choice  where  they  built  their  wigwams  centuries  ago;  and 
from  its  present  commercial  and  industrial  activities,  we  turn 
to  other  towns  in  the  county  that  have  had  less  advantages 
and  made  slower  progress. 


•  • 


•  • 


CHAPTER  IX. 
VIENNA. 

The  date  when  the  town  of  Vienna,  in  Dorchester  County, 
was  founded  by  Act  of  Colonial  Assembly  has  not  been  dis- 
covered in  the  Archives  of  Maryland,  in  either  the  printed 
or  written  records.  After  weeks  of  tedious  research,  how- 
ever, it  has  been  ascertained  that  it  was  a  town  for  some 
years  prior  to  1709,  when  a  "Chapel  of  Ease"  was  built  there, 
very  convenient  for  some  people,  but  not  satisfactory  to 
others,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  petition  presented  to 
the  Governor  and  Council  of  Maryland,  at  a  session  held  in 
1728. 

"The  petitioners  of  many  of  the  inhabitants  in  Dorchester 
County,  of  Great  Choptank  Parish,  most  humbly  sheweth; 
that  in  the  said  Parish  the  Church  thereof  is  placjed  on  the 
side  of  Choptank  River,  a  great  distance  from  your  Peti- 
tioners, so  that  they  could  not  possibly  attend  God's  worship. 

"That  your  petitioners  in  regard  to  the  great  distance  to 
the  Parish  Church  aforesaid,  did  on  or  about  the  year  1709, 
by  the  assistance  of  the  then  vestry,  and  their  own  contribu- 
tions obtain  a  Chapel  of  Ease  situated  in  Vienna  Town,  by 
the  Nanticoke  River  on  the  other  side  of  the  Parish  afore- 
said. 

"Notwithstanding"  the  peaceable  enjoyment  of  the  said 
chapel  ever  since,  as  well  as  convenient  situation  of  it,  sev- 
eral endeavours  hath  been  made  to  remove  the  same  to  the 
great  inconvenience  of  your  petitioners,  and  since  those 
endeavours  have  hereto  been  frustrated  by  a  suitable  opposi- 
tion, so  your  petitioners  were  in  hopes  of  resting  easy  and 
quiet  in  the  use  of  the  said  Chapel  for  the  future. 

"But  so  it  is.  May  it  please  your  Excellency  and  Honors; 
the  Vestry  of  the  said  Parish  of  late,  to  the  great  surprise 


8o 


HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 


of  your  Petitioners  did  make  an  appointment  to  meet  at  a 
certain  place  in  order  to  choose  a  piece  of  land,  and  contract 
with  workmen  to  erect  another  Chapel  of  Ease  not  distant 
from  the  former,  about  five  miles,  which  accordingly  they 
have  done;  although  there  is  no  intervening  creek,  cove, 
branch  or  swamp  between  them  whereby  the  i>eople  may  be 
incommoded  in  their  passage;  by  which  means,  your  Peti- 
tioners although  not  at  present,  may  hereafter  by  such  a 
method  be  deprived  of  the  above  said  Chai>el  at  Vienna, 
which  they  have  so  long  enjoyed. 

"The  premises  considered,  your  petitioners  humbly  entreat 
such  relief  herein  as  may  prevent  the  Vestry  erecting  the  new 
Chapel.  The  securing  and  repairing  the  old,  or  such  orders 
and  determinations  in  this  matter  as  in  your  great  wisdoms 
may  be  for  the  quiet  and  ease  of  your  i>etitioners  in  their 
possession  of  their  Chapel  and  preventing  designing  persons 
giving  them  uneasiness  therein  for  the  future. 

"And  your  Petitioners  as  in  duty  bound  shall  pray. 


E.  D.  W.  Elliott, 

John  Hurley, 

Roger  Hurley, 

Darby  Hurley, 

Morris  McKenney, 

Roger  Bradley, 

Thomas  Colson, 

James  Baker, 

Charles  Smith, 

John  Creeke, 

William  Smith, 

John  Minisk, 

William  Guy, 

Nath.  Mitchel, 

And.  Lord, 

Capt.  Johnathan  Hooper,  2d, 

May  Lew.  Hicks, 

Capt.  Thos.  Hicks, 


John  Edwards, 
Robert  Dyas, 
Thomas  Tacket, 
Mich'l  Stockdell, 
Isaac  Charles, 
Joseph  Hurst, 
John  Lamey, 
Robert  Dixon, 
Wm.  Rawley,  Jun., 
Jno.  Quartermas, 
Pat.  Quartermas, 
Maurice  Rawley, 
William  Rawley, 
Solomon   Davis, 
Henry  Parks, 
Jacob  Charles, 
Wm.  Thomewell, 
James  Jones, 


VIENNA  A   PORT  OF   ENTRY  8l 

Wm.  Holloway,  Mathew  Clark, 

Thomas  Dyas,  James  Rawley, 

Henry  Dyas,  Leonard  Jones,  Sr. 

"Ordered  that  the  clerk  of  this  Board  give  notice  to  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  of  this  petition,  and  that  they  may 
attend  to  be  heard  to  the  contents  thereof  at  the  time  of  the 
meeting  of  the  next  Assembly,  which  order  issued  accord- 
ingly." 

OTHER  CHURCH  REFERENCES. 

In  1725  an  Act  was  passed  to  invest  the  vestry  of  Great 
Choptank  Parish  with  an  estate  in  fee  simple,  viz :  Two  acres 
of  land  out  of  a  parqel  of  15  acres  laid  out  for  public  use  at 
the  town  of  Vienna,  whereon  the  chapel  was  buili.  Many 
years  after  the  chai>el  had  been  abandoned  for  church  wor- 
ship, its  old  brick  walls  were  the  chief  memorials  of  that  cem- 
etery then  rich  with  the  ashes  of  the  dead.  Now  lettered 
tablets  of  stone  erected  there  in  later  years  make  it  as  sacred 
a  spot  to-day  as  it  was  nearly  two  centuries  ago. 

In  the  year  1730  (see  Lib.  L.,  No.  5,  Fol.  323),  the  bounds 
of  this  parish  lot  are  given  as  follows : 

''Beginning  at  the  N.  E.  comer  of  the  chapel  aforesaid  and 
running  east  to  William  Ennalls'  ditch;  then  south  38  deg. 
west  12  perches;  then  west  38  deg.  north  20  perches;  north 
38  deg.  east  16  perches;  then  east  38  deg.  south  20  perches 
to  the  said  ditch;  then  bounding  therewith  until  it  intersects 
the  aforesaid  east  line  drawn  from  said  Chapel,  containing 
2  acres  of  land." 

WHEN  MADE  A  PORT  OF  ENTRY. 

In  April,  1762,  an  Act  was  passed  to  build  a  public  ware- 
house at  Vienna.  An  Act  for  amending  the  Tobacco  Laws 
was  passed  in  1763,  that  designated  places  for  warehouses 
and  officers'  salaries;  and  named  one  location  on  the  land  of 
Joshua  Edmondson,  at  Vienna  Town.  The  salary  of  the 
Inspector  was  4800  lbs.  of  tobacco. 

• 


82  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

In  1768,  in  a  letter  from  Robert  Jenkins  Henry  to  Gov- 
ernor Sharp,  reference  is  made  to  Mr.  Herron's  application 
to  move  the  Collector's  office  from  Wicocomoco,  at  Green 
Hill  to  Nanticoke  as  the  centre  of  trade.  The  inducement 
being  his  removing  his  residence  from  Wicocomoco,  in 
Somerset  County,  to  Dorchester  County,  where  he  had  pur- 
chased a  tract  of  land.  The  writer  entered  into  a  discussion 
to  prove  "where  the  rivers  and  qreeks  ran  into  the  bay  as  the 
place  to  locate"  the  office  for  collection  of  austoms;  after 
which  he  proceeds;  "should  the  Custom  House  be  moved  to 
Vienna,  it  would  by  no  means  be  convenient  for  the  trade 
in  general.  True,  more  of  the  common  trade  goes  into  the 
Nanticoke  than  any  of  the  other  rivers  in  the  district." 

The  exact  date  of  the  formation  of  Vienna  into  a  Custom 
District  is  not  known,  but  was  probably  about  the  year  1 768. 

In  1776  it  was  a  thriving  place.  During  the  War  of  Inde- 
pendence, a  British  gun-boat  ascended  the  Nanticoke  River, 
and  threw  shot  into  the  town.  In  October,  1781,  two  British 
barges  with  crews  of  thirty  men  attacked  the  town  and  burnt 
a  new  brig  on  the  stocks  there.  One  of  the  Dorchester  mili- 
tia. Levin  Dorsey,  was  killed  by  the  British  in  one  of  these 
attacks.  He  was  the  only  man  who  lost  his  life  on  Dor- 
chester soil  in  battle,  during  the  stormy  days  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. 

The  Viennians  were  patriotic,  they  formed  a  militia  com- 
pany for  home  defence,  which  was  commanded  by  officers 
whom  they  did  not  like,  and  a  majority  of  them  i>etitioned 
the  Committee  of  Safety  for  an  official  change. 

In  181 2  the  town  was  prepared  for  defence  against  British 
aggressions.  Breast  works  were  thrown  up  at  the  saw-mill 
wharf  and  guns  were  mounted.  A  company  of  militia  was 
organized  and  equipped  ready  for  service.  Gun-boats  of  the 
British  were  frequently  in  sight  of  the  town,  but  made  no 
attack,  unless  throwing  an  occasional  shot  at  long  range  be 
so  regarded. 


TOWN   RESIDENTS  83 

AN  ERA  OF  PEACE. 

Thomas  HoUiday  Hicks  made  Vienna  his  home  in  1829; 
the  large  mansion  in  which  he  lived  still  stands;  he  engaged 
in  sail-vessel  trade  and  merchandising.  The  streets  in  the 
town  were  narrow  and  so  wet  and  muddy  that  carts  mired 
in  them  when  used  for  hauling  town  and  country  products. 
Guided  by  the  inspiration  of  Mr.  Hicks,  a  charter  was  pro- 
cured for  the  town  and  under  its  provisions  new  streets  were 
opened  and  old  ones  repaired.  There  were  no  railroads  then. 
The  old  steamer  "Maryland,"  slow  as  a  coach,  plowed  her 
way  twice  a  week  between  Baltimore  and  Cambridge,  the  lat- 
ter place  being  19  miles  from  Vienna.  Otherwise  from  that 
section  the  passage  to  Baltimore  was  by  Bay  schooners. 

Probably  the  first  steamer  to  stop  at  Vienna  was  the 
"George  Washington;"  that  event  was  on  the  Fourth  of  July, 
1840,  when  the  steamer  took  from  Baltimore,  Reverdy  John- 
-son,  Charles  H.  Pitt  and  Thomas  Yates  Walsh  (orators 
whose  like  do  not  exist  nowadays),  with  a  load  of  Whig 
excursionists  for  the  great  Harrison  rally  at  Barren  Creek 
Springs. 

The  old  "Osires"  was  the  earliest  liner  between  the  upper 
Nanticoke  and  Baltimore;  following  her  was  the  "Cham- 
pion," next,  the  "Kent,"  and  others  since  not  necessary  to 
name. 

TOWN    RESIDENTS. 

Mr.  Thomas  Holliday  Hicks  left  Vienna  in  1840  and  re- 
moved to  Cambridge,  having  been  appointed  Register  of 
Wills. 

In  1850  the  leading  residents  were  James  R.  Lewis,  vessel 
owner,  with  large  business  interests:  Isaac  Comwell,  likewise 
engaged;  the  store  merchants  were  Thomas  Webb,  Thomas 
Higgins,  Josiah  Kerr  and  Fletcher  E.  Marine.  Other  well 
known  citizens  were  Benton  H.  Crockett,  hotel  keeper;  Dr. 
Daniel  Ewell;  Capt.  Thomas  Henry  Webb;  Daniel  M.  Henry; 
Capt.  Frank  Higgins;  Brannock  Moore,  undertaker;  Isaac 
Robinson,  coffin  maker;  George  D.  Smith;  Wethers  Smith; 
Dr.  Smithers;  Judge  Craft;  William  Venables;  Widow  Vena- 


84  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

bles;  William  Heam,  cabinet  maker;  Garretson  Sewell; 
tailor;  Burton  Heam,  wheelwright;  Britain  Robinson,  car- 
penter; Samuel  Keys,  shoe  maker;  Capt.  Isaac  Kennerly;  Eli- 
sha  Collins,  carpenter;  Mrs.  Jacobs  and  two  daughters;  Squire 
Geo.  A.  Z.  Smith,  Rev.  Enoch  Bailey,  school  teacher;  William 
Jackson;  Dr.  Jackson;  Jacob  Insley,  constable;  John  T.  Gray, 
undertaker,  and  Noah  Foxwell.  Hooper  C.  Hicks  and  Zacha- 
riah  Webster  lived  on  their  farms  adjoining  the  town.  There 
were  some  families  in  the  place  of  pure  African  type  who  had 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  their  white  neighbors.  Of 
these  were  Hooi>er  Jolly,  Aaron  Hews  and  Mary  Moore. 
Hews  was  a  blacksmith  who  was  accidentally  killed  by  the 
collapse  of  his  shop.  All  of  the  above-named  town  and  subur- 
ban citizens,  with  others,  whose  names  are  not  herein  given 
(except  Richard  and  Weathers  Smith),  have  passed  onward 
to  the  end  of  life's  journey,  whither  all  descend  to  that  com- 
mon plane  of  lonely  retirement — the  grave. 

Before  Vienna  was  a  town,  Hoopersville  stood  adjoining 
the  Vienna  site  on  the  Hicks  farm  near  the  "Sycamore" 
where  the  boys  have  gone  swimming  for  centuries.  As  late 
as  1850  the  foundations  of  a  store  and  warehouse  were  trace- 
able; the  evidence  of  its  existence  now  is  legendary. 

A  bridge  was  authorized  to  be  built  at  Vienna  in  1828  that 
spanned  the  Nanticoke  from  the  Dorchester  shore  to  the 
Somerset;  it  had  a  "draw"  that  consisted  of  two  sections 
which  were  hoisted  to  upright  positions,  almost  vertical,  to 
admit  the  passing  of  sail  and  steam  vessels  through  the 
bridge,  and  lowered  to  close  the  draw  for  travel  over  it.  It 
was  such  a  menace  to  navigation  that  it  was  removed  in  i860. 
A  ferry  has  been  established  across  the  river  as  a  substitute 
for  the  bridge,  which  connects  with  a  causeway  over  a  mile 
long  across  a  treacherous  marsh  on  the  Wicomico  side  of  the 
river.  The  marsh  reminds  us  of  Squire  Geo.  J.  Z.  Smith,  a 
native  of  South  Carolina,  who  settled  at  Vienna  about  eighty 
years  ago.  He  spent  his  money  liberally  in  constructing  rice 
fields  in  the  marsh  near  Indian-town  Creek.  He  dug  what 
is  called  "Smith's  Ditch"  from  the  mainland  to  the  Nanti- 


COLLECTORS   OF  THE   PORT  OF  VIENNA  85 

coke;  since  then  the  tides  have  washed  it  deep  and  wide.  His 
experiment  failed;  the  seasons  of  hot  weather  were  not  suf- 
ficiently long  to  ripen  the  rice. 

Mr.  Richard  Smith,  of  Baltimore,  a  native  of  Vienna,  who 
was  during  the  Greenback  Movement  that  party's  candidate 
for  Mayor  of  Baltimore,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Squire  Smith.  * 

Col.  Thomas  S.  Hodson  of  Baltimore,  is  also  a  native  of 
Vienna.  He  and  William  M.  Marine  attended  the  same 
school  at  that  place. 

COLLECTORS  OF  THE  PORT  OF  VIENNA. 

After  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution  in  1788  and 
the  United  States  Government  had  established  Customs  Reg- 
ulations for  the  collection  of  revenues.  Collectors  of  Customs 
who  were  commissioned  Inspectors  of  the  Revenue  also  were 
appointed  by  the  Federal  Government  for  Vienna  at  the  time 
named,  and  in  the  following  order : 

John  Muir,  March  21,  1791. 
James  Frazier,  February  20,  1795. 
Algernon  Sidney  Stanford,  January  29,  1805. 
James  Ennalls,  July  i,  1808. 
John  Ennalls,  December  6,  1808. 
Charles  Leary,  March  31,  1830. 
Charles  Leary,  April  28,  1834. 
Charles  Leary,  March  15,  1838. 
Benton  H.  Crockett,  March  31,  1842. 
Benton  H.  Crockett,  May  8,  1846. 
Hooper  C.  Hicks,  April  30,  1849. 
Hooper  C.  Hicks,  August  29,  1850. 
George  A.  Z.  Smith,  March  16,  1853. 
William  S.  Jackson,  March  6,  1858. 
Daniel  J.  Waddell,  July  23,  1861. 
James  F.  Webb,  February  19,  1866. 

VIENNA  OF  TO-DAY. 

Vienna  has  excellent  public  schools  and  school  buildings, 
four  churches,  one  Episcopal,  one  Baptist,  one  Methodist 


86  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Protestant  and  one  Methodist  Episcopal,  all  well  supplied 
with  able  ministers  who  attract  fine  congregations.  It  now 
has  traveling  and  shipping  advantages  by  rail.  The  Balti- 
more and  Eastern  Shore  Railroad  (now  the  Baltimore,  Ches- 
apeake and  Atlantic  Railway)  connects  Vienna  with  Baltimore 
and  Ocean  City.  It  touches  the  suburbs  of  the  town  near  the 
old  Sycamore.  Steam  mills  for  manufacturing  lumber,  flour 
and  meal  do  a  thriving  business;  fine  stores  of  general  mer- 
chandise command  active  enterprise  and  the  town  is  alive 
with  a  thrifty  population  of  500  citizens.^ 


^  To  Hon.  Wm.  M.  Marine,  ex-Collector  of  the  Port  of  Baltimore, 
much  credit  is  due  for  history  given  in  this  sketch  of  Vienna  and  its 
people. 


^.  j^  '^B^l 

"■""■""""■ 

•  •  • 


k 


CHAPTER    X. 

EAST   NEW  MARKET — HURLOCK — AIREYS — BUCKTOWN— LINKWOOD. 

EAST    NEW    MARKET. 

(By  Miss  Pink  Jacobs.) 

East  New  Market,  a  town  of  about  600  inhabitants,  is  sit- 
uated twelve  miles  from  Cambridge  and  one  mile  from  the 
head  of  Warwick  River,  once  known  as  Secretary  Creek,  a 
tributary  of  the  Great  Choptank.  It  is  a  thriving  village  and 
is  surrounded  by  some  of  the  best  farming  land  in  the 
county.  The  farmers  of  this  section  of  the  county  have 
ceased,  however,  to  depend  upon  the  usual  staples  and  now 
raise  peaches,  melons,  berries  and  other  fruits  and  vegeta- 
bles. The  canning  and  shipping  of  these  products  form  the 
principal  industries  here  and  give  employment  to  some  hun- 
dreds of  men,  women,  boys  and  girls. 

Each  religious  denomination  here  of  any  significance  has  a 
very  creditable  church.  Almost  annually  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copals  hold  a  campnmeeting  at  the  old  historic  place,  En- 
nalls'  Camp  Ground,  about  five  miles  from  town.  The 
Methodist  Protestants  camp  nearly  every  year  at  Shiloh, 
about  one  mile  away.  The  oldest  church  in  the  town  is  the 
Episcopal;  the  present  building  is  the  third  one  erected  here. 
The  foundation  stones  of  the  first  one,  which  was  built  before 
the  Revolution  of  1776,  are  now  lying  opposite  the  old  site. 

The  old  New  Market  Academy,  which  was  incorporated  in 
1829,  has  since  become  a  part  of  the  State  Public  School  Sys- 
tem, and  is  now  known  as  the  East  New  Market  High 
School.  Its  reputation  is  of  the  best,  and  its  graduates  dur- 
ing the  time  when  Dr.  James  L.  Bryan  was  Superintendent 
of  the  County  Schools,  were  placed  on  the  roll  of  eligible 
teachers  without  further  examination. 


88  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

East  New  Market  is  growing  and  is  especially  well  situated 
for  progressive  enterprise,  being  surrounded  by  productive 
farms,  and  has  shipping  facilities  by  the  B.  C.  &  A.  R.  R., 
three  miles  distant,  the  C.  &  S.  within  one  mile,  and  daily 
lines  of  steamers  on  the  Choptank  River,  one  mile  away,  to 
Baltimore. 

The  present  town  development  is  not  the  work  of  any 
active  immigration,  but  under  old  names  with  new  energies 
the  village  flourishes;  of  them  we  note  Webster,  Thompson, 
Hooper,  Hicks,  Wright,  LeCompte,  Thomas,  Smith,  An- 
drews, and  Jacobs,  who  are  still  to  the  front  as  merchants, 
farmers  or  professionals.  From  the  older  ones  much  inter- 
esting history  may  be  heard  of  the  old  days,  when  the  cross- 
roads tavern  here  would  be  filled  with  travelers  from  the 
upper  to  the  lower  peninsula  or  vice-versa.  Frequently  did 
traders  from  Delaware  and  New  Jersey  meet  here  who  came 
to  sell  negroes  or  exchange  horses. 

Iron  staples  are  still  shown  here  in  one  building  to  which 
slave  negroes  were  chained  for  safe  keeping  until  sold  or  to 
await  the  purchaser's  time  when  ready  to  convey  them 
South  for  service  in  the  cotton  fields  of  Georgia. 

One  of  the  oldest  tanning  firms  in  Maryland  for  many 
jyears  was  located  on  what  is  now  Main  Street.  Tanning 
leather  was  then  an  important  and  profitable  industry,  when 
Dorchester  County  was  almost  a  dense  forest  of  oak,  from 
which  tan  bark  was  obtained  cheap  and  plentiful.  This  town 
has  always  been  noted  for  its  healthfulness.  Though  within 
a  mile  of  Warwick  River,  it  is  free  from  those  pests  in  other 
parts  of  the  county — malaria  and  mosquitoes. 

Subjoined  is  an  illustration  of  an  old  home  of  one  of  the 
Hooper  families  of  East  New  Market.  It  is  now  the  summer 
home  of  William  Hooper,  a  descendant  of  Henry  Hooper 
(i),  (2)  and  (3),  of  the  colonial  period. 

Accompanying  is  an  obscure  view  of  the  home  of  the  late 
Dr. Edmondson,  in  East  New  Market.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  county,  who 
were  large  land  holders,  influential  and  enterprising  people. 


•  •  • 


HURLOCK  89 

Th€  first  to  settle  in  Dorchester  County  was  John  Edmond- 
son,  who  came  from  Talbot  County  about  1665,  when  he  took 
up  and  had  surveyed  the  following  tracts  of  land:  *Trovi- 
dcnce,"  1300  acres,  siUAreyed  February  12,  1665,  for  John 
Edmondson,  on  the  south  side  of  Great  Choptank  River,  in 
the  woods;  given  by  John  Edmondson,  by  will,  to  his  son, 
James  Edmondson.  "Edmondson's  Reserve,''  1050  acres, 
surveyed  August  26,  1665,  for  John  Edmondson,  on  the 
south  side  of  Great  Choptank,  about  two  miles  above  the 
dividing.  "Skipton,"  200  acres,  surveyed  July  16,  1669,  for 
John  Edmondson,  at  the  head  of  Fox  Creek.  He  also  pur- 
chased other  tracts.  (See  Dorchester  County  Rent  Rolls.) 
They  first  settled  in  Virginia  before  locating  in  Talbot.  The 
Talbot  branch  of  the  family  were  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  or  Quakers. 

HURLOCK. 

The  origin  of  Hurlock,  a  new  and  attractive  town  in  the 
upper  section  of  the  county,  was  the  location  of  a  railroad 
station  at  that  point  on  the  Dorchester  and  Delaware  Rail- 
road (now  the  Cambridge  and  Seaford  Railroad),  in  1867. 
The  first  storehouse  there  was  built  in  1869  by  John  M.  Hur- 
lock, who  also  built  the  first  dwelling  there  in  1872.  Then 
a  beautiful  forest  of  oak  surrounded  the  station  on  all  sides 
and  Methodist  camp-meetings  were  annually  held  in  a  charmr- 
ing  section  of  that  picturesque  woodland. 

James  M.  Andrews  sold  the  first  town  lot  for  $25.  Wil- 
liam W.  Howith  built  the  second  dwelling  there  in  1885. 
After  Mr.  Howith  built,  the  following  gentlemen,  viz:  T. 
W.  Noble,  Henry  Sinclair,  B.  F.  Carroll,  Thos.  I.  Wright, 
Thos.  Hackett,  each  built  dwellings  about  1887,  and  James 
A.  Dean  built  a  hotel.  The  town  continued  to  grow, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1893.  Stores  of  all  description  now 
number  15,  hotels  two,  one  flour  mill,  one  saw  mill,  one  box 
factory,  employing  twenty  men;  two  canneries,  one  cream- 
ery, one  machine  shop,  and  the  Hurlock  Drop  Forge  Com- 
pany, comprise  the  principal  industrial  enterprises.  Wm.  H. 
Stevens  is  Postmaster.     The  town  has  two  churches,  Meth- 


90  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

odist  Episcopal  and  Methodist  Protestant;  two  physicians. 
Dr.  H.  F.  Nicols  and  Dr.  G.  A.  Haefner. 

The  building  of  the  B.  C.  &  A.  R.  R.,  which  crosses  the 
Cambridge  and  Seaford  Road  at  this  point,  in  1890,  gave  the 
town  of  Huriock  a  live  boom;  it  now  contains  450  inhab- 
itants, and  is  thriftily  developing. 

AIREYS. 

Aireys  is  a  little  village  and  railroad  station  on  the  Cam- 
bridge and  Seaford  Railroad,  five  miles  from  Cambridge.  It 
contains  about  seventy-five  inhabitants,  one  M.  E.  Church 
South,  two  stores  and  post  office,  and  one  public  school. 

At  this  place  the  first  Methodist  sermon  in  Dorchester 
County  was  preached  at  the  home  of  Henry  Airey  by  Free- 
bom  Garrettson  in  1781.  In  that  neighborhood  he  was  ar- 
rested and  confined  in  Cambridge  jail  for  several  weeks, 
being  charged  with  preaching  a  religious  doctrine  of  John 
Wesley,  who  was  said  to  be  a  Tory  at  that  time. 

BUCKTOWN. 

Bucktown  is  an  inland  hamlet,  situated  near  the  central 
part  of  Dorchester  County,  twelve  miles  from  Cambridge 
and  five  miles  from  a  railroad  station.  A  fertile  farming 
country  surrounds  it.  Two  stores,  one  M.  E.  church  and 
about  forty  people  in  ten  or  twelve  dwellings  measure  the 
size  of  that  quiet  town  where  the  ring  of  the  hammer  on  the 
blacksmith's  anvil  is  no  more  heard. 

LINKWOOD. 

Linkwood  is  a  railroad. station  on  the  Cambridge  and  Sea- 
ford Railroad,  about  eight  miles  from  Cambridge.  It  con- 
tains one  M.  E.  church,  one  public  school,  one  store  of  gen- 
eral merchandise,  a  post  office  and  a  few  family  dwellings. 
It  is  in  a  fertile  farming  district,  in  which  grain,  fruit  and  veg- 
etables are  extensively  raised.  The  most  important  industry 
is  the  fruit  and  vegetable  canning  plant  owned  by  Mrs.  Belle 
F.  Turpin  and  oi>erated  by  Roberts  Bros.,  of  Baltimore. 


« 


CHAPTER  XI. 

WILLIAMSBURG  AND  WILLIAMSBURG  DISTRICT — CROTCHER's  FERRY  (bROOK- 
VIEW) — GALESTOWN— FORK  DISTRICT —THE  LEES  OF  VIRGINIA  ON  NORTH 
WEST  FORK  RIVER^OTHER  FAMILIES. 

WILLIAMSBURG  AND  WILLIAMSBURG  DISTRICT. 

The  little  hamlet,  Williamsburg,  situated  on  the  Cam- 
bridge and  Seaford  Railroad,  about  twenty  miles  from  Cam- 
bridge, is  in  Williamsburg  district,  which  was  a  part  of  East 
New  Market  district  but  laid  out  for  a  new  election  district 
in  1859.  The  first  election  in  the  district  was  held  at  Wil- 
liamsburg in  i860.  The  town  is  not  of  colonial  origin, 
though  its  original  name  was  Bunker's  Hill.  Henry  Jones, 
who  was  a  school  teacher,  land  surveyor  and  farmer  in  a 
small  way,  built  the  first  house  there  in  1804.  He  was  the 
grandfather  of  the  author  of  this  village  sketch.  As  founder 
of  the  town,  his  house  was  small  in  size  and  plain  in  construc- 
tion, described  by  Enoch  Lowe,  Esq.,  who  saw  it  when  he 
was  a  boy.  The  first  business  started  there  was  by  a  wheel- 
wright, John  Woolen,  who  made  spinning  wheels  for  spin- 
ning flax  and  wool,  as  well  as  cart  wheels  for  the  farmers' 
carts. 

The  next  indispensable  business  started  there  was  a  whiskey 
and  rum  shop,  in  which  were  sold  a  few  groceries  for  the 
appearance  of  decency.  The  inducements  to  engage  in  that 
traffic  were  no  doubt  the  profits  derived  from  the  liquor  sales. 
This  store  with  its  stimulating  stock  of  merchandise  attracted 
many  patrons.  They  came  from  towards  the  '^Bridge/'  north; 
from  "Puckum,"  east  of  the  *'North  West  Fork,"  and  from 
'*Grubbing  Neck,"  along  the  Caroline  border.  When  repre- 
sentatives from  those  rival  neighborhoods  met  and  partook 
of  a  few  glasses  of  rum  or  whiskey,  the  pride  of  their  man- 
hood rose  to  a  premium,  challenges  were  frequently  made  to 
test  the  superiority  of  their  fighting  abilities,  some  of  whom 


92  HISTORY  OF   DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

were  ever  ready  to  fight  a  rival.  The  frequent  meeting  of 
those  disturbing  factions  and  their  conduct  at  that  place  gave 
it  such  a  notorious  reputation  that  it  was  named  "Bunker's 
Hill."  Under  such  evil  influences  the  town  made  no  advance- 
ment except  in  building  fences  and  hog-pens  of  slabs  to  such 
an  extent  that  the  neighborhood  people  changed  the  name 
of  the  town  to  "Slabtown."  This  so  incensed  one  of  its  cit- 
izens, John  Woolen,  that  he  petitioned  the  Legislature  about 
1840  to  change  the  name  of  the  place  to  Williamsburg,  which 
was  done. 

Soon  after  the  Dorchester  and  Delaware  Railroad  was 
completed  and  a  depot  established  at  Williamsburg,  town  im- 
provements were  begun,  but  its  growth  has  been  slow.  Now 
there  are  two  stores  of  general  merchandise,  one  cabinet  and 
wheelwright  shop,  one  steam  flouring  mill,  one  fruit  and  veg- 
etable cannery,  one  public  school,  one  M.  E.  church  (see  il- 
lustration), and  about  twenty-five  dwellings  which  may  be 
included  within  town  limits. 

Some  of  the  early  settlers  in  that  part  of  the  county  before 
it  was  named  East  New  Market  district  were  Nathaniel  Med- 
ford,  born  in  1758,  and  Rebecca  Medford  in  1755;  William 
Bonner  and  Margaret  Bonner,  whose  daughter  Rachel  was 
born  in  1744;  William  Lowe,  great-grandfather  of  Enoch 
Lowe,  who  had  a  special  warrant  granted  for  resurvey  of  land 
called  "Taylor's  Neglect,"  in  1758,  and  some  vacant  land 
adjoining  "to  be  holden  of  the  Nanticoke  Manor."  (This 
shows  the  great  extent  of  Nanticoke  Manor  up  the  "North 
West  Fork.")  Later  William  Lowe,  grandson  of  William, 
had  resurveyed  and  patented  "Lowe's  Interest,"  in  1788, 
which  was  the  late  home  of  Celia  Bush  (Murphy),  who  lived 
there  alone  and  was  murdered  by  a  negro,  April  7,  1884,  for 
her  money.  This  land  adjoined  "Lockerman's  Manor"  of 
1000  acres. 

Next,  the  Corkran  family,  of  whom  James  Corkran  is  men- 
tioned, whose  son  John  was  bom  November  11,  1788,  and 
died  November  18,  1836.  He  married  Nancy  Medford,  Sep- 
tember 25,  1810,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Rebecca  Med- 


VILLIAMSBURQ  M 


•  • 


I  • 


CROTCH  ERS   FERRY  93 

ford.  The  first  son  of  John  and  Nancy  (Medford)  Corkran 
was  John  Burton  Corkran,  bom  August  17,  18 12,  died  April 
6,  1899.     He  married  Ann  L.  Syrock  December  16,  1840. 

Descendants  of  these  families  are  now  living  on  or  near  the 
premises  owned  by  their  early  ancestors.  Of  the  Lowe's, 
Enoch  Lowe,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  last  twenty-eight 
years,  excepting  two  years,  still  resides  on  the  old  home- 
stead. George,  John  R.  and  Joseph  B.  Corkran  are  farmers 
on  and  near  their  father's  late  premises,  and  F.  P.  Corkran, 
another  son  of  John  B.,  is  merchandising  and  milling  at  Wil- 
liamsburg; he  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  from 
Dorchester  County  in  1900.  Nathaniel  and  Robert  W. 
Medford,  of  the  Medford  family,  are  prosperous  farmers 
nearby. 

♦  ♦  ♦  John  Woolen,  the  wheelwright,  committed  sui- 
cide by  hanging  himself  in  his  workshop,  August  18,  1854. 

Descendants^ of*  the  Hubberts,  Paynes,  Browns  and  a  few 
others  of  old  families  are  still  living  in  that  section. 

In  the  War  of  1812  the  people  of  that  neighborhood  were 
patriotic;  a  company  of  militia  was  raised  there  that  belonged 
to  the  Eleventh  Regiment  of  Dorchester  County,  the  officers 
were  John  Rowens,  Captain;  Arthur  Lowe,  Lieutenant; 
David  Andrew,  Ensign. 

CROTCHER'S  FERRY. 

(BROOKVIEW.) 

On  the  North  West  Fork  of  the  Nanticoke  River,  before 
Nanticoke  hundred  was  outlined,  a  ferry,  not  a  town,  was  es- 
tablished in  1671,  at  the  same  time  when  the  Assembly  passed 
an  Act  for  keeping  Dover  Ferry  across  the  Choptank  River. 
Those  ferries  were  on  the  route  of  travel  between  Somerset, 
Dorchester,  Talbot  and  Keht  Counties.' 

The  first  public  house  located  at  Crotcher's  Ferry  was  an 
"Ordinary"  where  liquors  were  sold.  Its  influence  on  society 
in  that  section  was  many  years  in  advance  of  church  organiza- 
tion, and  g^ve  the  place  a  notorious  reputation  for  drunken- 


94  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

ness  and  fighting,  especially  on  Saturdays,  when  the  sailors, 
fishermen  and  landsmen  met  for  soqial  drinks  and  square 
knockdowns.  This  place  well  maintained  its  reputation  for 
150  years,  where  travelers  passing  that  way  could  get  a  pint 
of  whiskey  for  a  "fips-penny-bit,"  and  a  fight  for  nothing. 
As  late  as  1850,  when  religious  influences  had  spread  about 
there,  the  "Ferry"  had  not  fully  reformed;  boatmen  in  their 
fleet  of  barges  with  jugs  for  a  week's  supply  always  made 
their  run  on  Saturdays  to  the  river  shore  of  the  village  next 
to  the  liquor  stores.  With  all  the  bad  record  of  this  place 
it  had  a  brisk  vessel-trade  in  wood,  lumber  and  grain,  and  a 
shipyard  where  sail  vessels  were  built.  Coasting  and  bay 
vessels  were  owned  there  from  the  days  when  James  Billings 
had  the  ship  "Rider"  built  on  the  Nanticoke  in  1738. 

While  the  "Ferry"  has  lost  much  of  its  vessel  and  lumber 
trade,  it  has  grown  in  population,  risen  high  in  social  and 
moral  standing,  and  is  an  attractive  place,  whose  citizens  are 
highly  esteemed  for  their  benevolence,  religious  devotion 
and  refined  home  life. 

Crotcher's  Ferry,  now  named  Brookview,  has  two  stores, 
about  thirty-five  dwelling  houses  and  130  inhabitants.  The 
men  of  the  village  are  chiefly  sailors  and  fishermen. 

GALESTOWN. 

Galestown,  a  little  cluster  of  modest  dwellings  situated  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  Fork  District,  about  two  miles  from 
the  Nanticoke  River,  is  inhabited  by  an  industrious  popula- 
tion, the  descendants  from  the  original  white  settlers  on  the 
Eastern  Shore,  and  adjacent  part  of  Delaware,  a  mixture  of 
French  and  English,  like  those  who  inhabit  the  district,  noted 
for  their  plain  habits  and  absolute  freedom  from  grave 
offences. 

The  quickening  influence  of  the  locomotive  whistles  is  toa 
far  away  to  excite  commotion  in  this  town  on  the  arrival 
of  trains  at  the  nearest  railroad  station.  Only  steamboats 
on  the  river  induce  the  people  to  make  use  of  rapid  transit 
in  their  business  with  the  outside  world.     The  gjist-mill  and 


FORK   DISTRICT  95 

village  store  served  them  for  a  hundred  years  with  domestic 
conveniences  apparently  suitable  to  that  period,  when  fish- 
ing, sailing,  and  lumbering  were  the  business  occupations  for 
family  support.  Late  enterprises  established  there  for  fruit 
and  vegetable  canning  and  other  business,  has  put  new  life 
in  the  town. 

FORK  DISTRICT. 

Fork  District,  one  of  the  eight  Election  Districts  of  Dor- 
chester County,  laid  out  in  1829,  was  an  early  settled  section, 
mostly  along  the  Nanticoke  River  on  its  eastern  boundary, 
and  the  North  West  Fork  River,  that  divided  what  was  then 
called  Nanticoke  hundred.  Until  1684  Somerset  County 
claimed  all  that  part  of  Nanticoke  hundred  lying  east  of  the 
North  West  Fork  branch  of  the  Nanticoke.  In  November 
of  that  year,  the  Council  of  Maryland  appointed  a  Commisr 
Mon,  Col.  William  Stevens,  Capt.  Henry  Smith,  Bartholomew 
Ennalls  and  Charles  Hutchins,  to  settle  the  bounds  between 
Somerset  and  Dorchester  Counties.  They  decided  that  the 
North  East  branch  is  the  main  stream  of  the  Nanticoke 
River,  and  therefore  the  boundary  between  the  counties, 
which  had  been  for  years  in  dispute.  Some  of  the  people 
then  living  in  North  West  Fork  claimed  to  be  citizens  of 
Somerset,  and  others  to  be  living  in  Dorchester. 

While  the  Fork  district  is  not  noted  for  any  important 
towns,  it  is  reputed  for  being  the  home  of  some  distinguished 
and  prominent  families. 

"Rehoboth,"  on  the  North  West  Fork  River,  a  large 
plantation  about  seven  miles  from  Federalsburg,  was  the 
home  of  some  of  the  Lees,  in  colonial  days,  members 
of  the  Lee  family  of  Virginia,  one  of  the  most  promi- 
nent and  influential  families  that  ever  came  to  America. 
A  brief  sketch  of  that  noted  family  is  here  given  to  show 
the  connecting  line  of  the  Lees  of  Virginia  to  those  of 
"Rehoboth." 

"Richard  Lee"  (i)  (first  generation),  "of  a  good  family  in 
Shropshire,  near  Bridgeworth,  the  seat  of  Launcelot  Lee, 


96  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Esq.  some  time  in  the  Reign  of  Qiarles  the  first  went  over 
to  the  colony  of  Virginia,  as  Secretary,  and  one  of  the  King's 
Privy  Council  *  *  *  When  he  got  to  Virginia,  which 
was  at  that  time  not  much  cultivated,  he  was  so  pleased 
with  the  country  that  he  made  large  settlements  there  with 
the  servants  he  had  carried  over;  after  some  years  he  gave 
away  all  the  lands  he  had  taken  up  and  settled  at  his  own 
expense,  to  those  servants  he  had  fixed  on  them,  and  then 
returned  to  England.  *  *  *  He  came  again  to  Vir- 
ginia with  a  fresh  band  of  adventurers,  all  of  whom  he  settled 
there."  This  Richard  Lee  "settled  first  in  York  County, 
proven  by  the  grant  of  looo  acres,  dated  August  lo,  1642. 
The  patent  states  that  this  land  was  due  'unto  the  said  Rich- 
ard Lee,  by  and  for  his  own  p'sonal  adventure  his  wife  Ann,' 
and  others.  He  represented  York  County  as  a  Burgess  in 
1647,  and  in  1651."  He  was  interested  in  commerce  as  well 
as  agriculture;  "in  his  will  he  bequeathed  his  interest  in  two 
ships  to  his  son  Francis  Lee."  From  his  home  in  York 
County,  he  next  settled  on  Dividing  Creeks,  in  Northumber- 
land County  on  the  Potomac  River,  where  he  was  granted 
in  1 65 1,  800  acres,  and  in  1656,  600  acres;  was  also  granted 
other  tracts  of  land.  "While  in  England  with  his  wife  and 
children  in  1663,  he  made  his  will,  and  died  in  Virginia  in 
1664."     His  children  were: 

SECOND   GENERATION. 

1.  "John  (2),  eldest  son,  and  heir-at-law,  died  unmarried," 
of  whom  further. 

2.  "Richard  (2).  After  the  death  of  John  he  became  heir- 
at-law.  From  him  the  *Stratford'  line  descended,"  of  whom 
further. 

3.  "Francis  (2),  settled  in  London,  died  there  and  left 
issue." 

4.  "William  (2),  married;  probably  left  no  male  issue." 

5.  "Hancock  (2),  married  and  left  issue,  from  whom  the 
'Ditchley'  line  are  descended." 

6.  Elizabeth  (2),  no  data. 


LAND  OWNED  BY  CAPT.   JOHN   LEE  AND  OTHERS  97 

7.  Annie  (2),  married  Thomas  Youell,  of  Nominy;  left 
issue. 

8.  Charles  (2),  married  and  left  issue,  from  which  the 
"Cobbs  Hall"  line  are  descended. 

! 
I 

SKETCH  OF  THE  SECOND  GENERATION. 

"John  (2),  the  eldest  son  of  Richard  (2)  and  Anna  Lee, 
was  bom  about  1645,  *in  Capohowasick,  Wickacomoco,  in 
Northern  Neck  of  Virginia/  as  he  himself  stated."  He  was 
educated  at  Oxford,  entered  Queen's  College,  as  a  commoner 
on  the  2d  of  July,  1658,  and  graduated  an  A.B.  on  the  30th  of 
April,  1662.  (Probably  studied  medicine;  his  father  made 
provision  to  that  effect  in  his  will.)  While  at  Oxford,  he 
presented  a  silver  cup  to  his  college,  "weighing  14  oz — 3  dwt. 
now  preserved  in  Queen's  College,  Oxford."  In  1666,  he 
(Capt.  John  Lee)  had  settled  in  Westmoreland  County,  Va,, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  a  committee  for  the  defence  of  the 
Northern  Neck  of  Virginia,  from  Indians;  and  was  appointed 
High  Sheriff  of  Westmoreland,  in  1672.  He  was  the  owner  of 
much  land,  about  16,000  acres,  of  which  he  owned  some  in 
Dorchester  County,  proven  by  land  records,  here  described. 

LAND   IN  FORK   DISTRICT  OWNED    BY   CAPT.  JOHN  LEE 

AND  OTHERS  OF  THAT  FAMILY. 

"Rehoboth,  2350  acres,  surveyed  for  Capt.  John  Lee, 
March  31,  1673;  patented  to  him  June  24,  1673,  situate, 
lying  and  being  on  the  East  side  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  in  a 
River  called  Nanticoke,  on  the  North  side  of  the  said  River, 
in  the  first  North- West  forke  of  the  said  river.*'  (See  Land 
Office  Records,  Annapolis,  Md.) 

In  the  fall  of  1673,  Capt.  John  Lee  died,  and  this  land  was 
heired  by  his  brother,  Richard  Lee  (Col.  Richard  Lee),  of 
Mount  Pleasant,"  Virginia,  a  very  distinguished  man,  who 
was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  spent  almost  his  whole  life  in 
study,  and  usually  wrote  his  notes  in  Greek,  Hebrew  or 
Latin,"  and  was  appointed  to  numerous  offices.  He  died 
on  the  1 2th  day  of  March,  17 14,  in  the  68th  year  of  his  age. 

7 


98  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

His  will  was  probated  in  Westmoreland  County,  April  27, 
1714,  and  by  it  devised  many  thousand  of  acres  of  land  in  Vir- 
ginia and  Maryland,  as  well  as  many  slaves,  to  his  heirs.  The 
land  in  Dorchester  that  he  heired  from  his  brother,  Capt. 
John  Lee,  he  willed  as  follows: 

"Item,  I  give  to  my  son  Phillip  and  his  heirs  forever  a 
tract  of  land  in  Dorchester  County  on  the  Eastern  Shoar 
in  Maryland  and  on  the  North  West  fork  of  Nanticoke  river 
containing  1300  acres  more  or  less  and  bounded  as  follows. 
Beginning^at  the  upper  comer  of  a  larger  dividend  of  land 
I  have  there,  at  a  marked  hickory  and  red  oak  upon  the  side 
of  said  fork  of  Nanticoke  ♦  ♦  *  thence  W.  by  S.  214 
poles  to  the  river  or  fork  side  which  line  divides  my  now 
seated  plantation  in  two  parts.  *  *  *  Item,  I  give 
to  my  son  Thomas  and  his  heirs  forever  the  residue  of  all 
my  lands  in  the  North  West  fork  of  the  Nanticoke  river  in 
Dorchester  County  in  the  Province  of  Maryland.  *  *  * 
[If  then  his  seated  plantation  some  of  his  family  occupied  it,^ 
evidently  showii  by  the  following  bequests.]  Item,  I  give 
to  my  son  Philip  these  negroes,  *  *  *  ^j^jj  Carpenter 
Jack  and  Ralph  at  the  Eastern  Shoar.  Item,  I  give  to  my. 
son  Henry  these  following  negros  (vig't.)  Betty  Phil!  Harry 
and  Sarah  Beck's  children  Prue  Betty's  and  Ned  all  at  home 
Sharp  at  the  Eastern  Shoar." 

Philip  Lee  (3)  (of  the  third  generation),  who  lived  in  Prince 
George's  County,  Maryland,  died  in  1744;  he  willed  his  part 
of  "Rehoboth"  in  Dorchester  County  to  his  sons  as  follows: 

"Carbon  Lee,  200  acres  called  'Rehoboth,'  John  and 
George,  600  acres  called  'Rehoboth'  in  North  West  fork  of 
Nanticoke,  to  be  equally  divided  between  them.  Francis, 
200  acres,  part  of  a  tract  called  'Rehoboth,'  aforesaid.  I 
give  to  my  grandson  Philip  Lee,  200  acres,  part  of  'Reho- 
both.' " 

"President"  Thomas  Lee  (3),  of  "Stratford,"  son  of  Rich- 
ard Lee  (2),  died  at  Stratford  in  Westmoreland,  on  the  Poto- 
mac River,  in  November,  1770.  He  was  the  father  of 
Richard  Henry  Lee,  and  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,  of  Revolu- 


LEE  MANSIOK  U 


:/: 


•  •  • 


•    t 
••• 


LAND  OWNED  BY   CAPT.    JOHN    LEE  AND  OTHERS  99 

tionary  fame  (both  were  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence). In  their  father's  will,  **Rehoboth,"  the  1300 
acres  owned  by  him,  were  bequeathed  to  his  eldest  son,  and 
entailed  on  his  second  and  third  sons  in  case  of  failure  of  male 
heirs  by  them,  in  order  devised. 

Richard  Lee  (4),  the  first  son,  died  unmarried,  before  his 
father. 

Philip  Ludwell  Lee  (4),  the  second  son,  became  the  owner, 
heir-at-law  of  "Rehoboth."  He  had  two  daughters,  and  a 
son  that  died  in  infancy.  What  disposition  was  made  of  his 
share  of  "Rehoboth"  is  not  mentioned. 

Francis  Lee  (4),  son  of  Phillip  Lee  (3),  was  living  on  his 
plantation,  a  part  of  "Rehoboth,"  in  1745,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  Maryland  that  year,  when  he  moved  to 
Cecil  County,  Maryland,  and  offered  to  lease  his  "late  Man- 
sion House  on  the  North  West  fork  of  the  Nanticoke  River." 
(Md.  Gazette y  30th  January,  1747-48.)  He  died  in  1749  and 
devised  his  land  in  Dorchester  County,  as  follows : 

"I  gfive  to  my  son  Francis  Leonard  Lee  (5),  all  my  dwelling 
plantation  in  Dorset  County,  called  'Rehoboth.'  To  my 
son,  Lancelot  Richard  Thos.  Lee,  a  tract  of  land  called 
'Lee's  Purchase,'  containing  317  acres,  on  the  Northeast  fork 
of  the  Nanticoke  River."  He  gave  his  wife,  Elizabeth  (Holly- 
day)  Lee,  50  acres  on  the  Nanticoke,  "where  the  ship  was 
built,"  and  two  tracts  of  land  bought  of  John  Smith,  adjoin- 
ing "Rehoboth,"  to  his  son,  Francis  Leonard  Lee. 

It  is  not  shown  so  far  as  we  have  examined  that  Richard 
Henry  Lee,  and  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,  sons  of  Col.  Thomas 
I-cc  (3)»  o^  "Stratford,"  ever  shared  ownership  in  "Reho- 
both,"  with  their  brother,  Philip  Ludwell  Lee,  though  Let- 
tice  Corbin  Lee,  a  sister,  did. 

Like  the  great  plantations,  "Mount  Pleasant,"  "Stratford," 
"Chantelly"  and  "Paradise,"  of  the  Lees  of  Virginia,  has 
"Rehoboth"  of  Dorchester  County,  passed  out  of  their  pos- 
sessions. 

The  land  records  of  Dorchester  County  show  that  "Lettice 
Corbin  Lee,  of  Harford  County,  Md.,  in  1787,  sold  to  John 


100  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Smoot,  a  tract  of  land  called  "Rehoboth,"  containing-  200 
acres,  on  the  North  West  Fork  of  Nanticoke  River,  which 
"descended  to  her  upon  the  death  of  her  brother  Philip  Lee." 

Major  Frank  Turpin,  first  a  Captain  in  the  Militia  of  Dor- 
chester County  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  became  the 
owner  of  that  part  of  "Rehoboth"  on  which  the  Lee  Man- 
sion now  stands,  a  fine  old  brick  building  still  in  an  excellent 
state  of  preservation,  now  about  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  years  old.  Major  Turpin  lived  there  for  many  years, 
where  he  dispensed  lavish  hospitality  to  many  a  social  guest 
within  its  spacious  halls.  Balls,  so  popular  eighty  or  ninety 
years  ago,  were  continued  for  two  or  three  days  at  a  time  at 
his  home,  where  music  and  wine  kept  merry,  handsome  men 
and  maidens  fair  through  many  a  mazy  dance. 

Some  of  those  men  had  been  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  others 
had  served  in  the  Eleventh  Regiment  of  the  Dorchester  Mili- 
tia, under  Captain  Minos  Adams,  Lieutenant  Solomon  Davis 
and  Ensign  Robert  Medford. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

CHURCH   CRSEK— WOOLFORD — MADISON — TAYLOR'S    ISLAND— HOOPER* S 

ISLAND — LAKES — STRAITS. 

CHURCH  CREEK. 

About  seven  miles  southeast  of  Cambridge,  at  the  head  of 
Church  Creek,  an  arm  of  Fishing  Creek,  which  is  a  tributary 
of  Little  Choptank  River,  an  old  town  is  situated  named 
Church  Creek.  Tradition  claims  that  it  is  older  than  Cam- 
bridge ;  that  a  few  families  settled  there .  about  the  time  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  was  built  on  Church  Creek, 
in  Dorchester  Parish;  but  the  Land  Records  of  the  county 
show  no  evidence  of  the  sale  of  town  lots  there  before  1700. 
The  location  of  the  first  church  in  the  county,  so  finely  con- 
structed in  that  early  period,  at  the  central  point  of  the 
county's  population,  led  to  the  establishment  of  a  little  hamlet 
near  it,  first  named  Dorchester  town;  secondly,  White 
Haven;  and  lastly  Church  Creek,  which  it  still  retains. 

This  inland  point  at  the  head  of  navigable  water,  bounded 
by  vast  forests  of  large  white  oak  and  pine  timber,  was  very 
early  selected  for  shipbuilding,  an  industry  begun  there  prior 
to  1767,  in  which  year  reference  is  made  to  "land  adjoining 
the  'Ship  yard.'  "  Of  the  earliest  shipbuilders  there  is  no 
record.  In  later  years  the  Dixons,  Linthicums  and  Jas.  A. 
Stewart,  were  extensive  builders  of  vessels  there.  This  enter- 
prise alone  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  was 
quite  sufficient  to  attract  ship  carpenters  to  settle  there,  and 
which  made  a  prosperous  village  150  years  ago.  When 
convenient  ship  timber  became  scarce  and  activity  in  ves- 
sel building  declined  about  forty-five  or  fifty  years  ago, 
town  g;rowth  and  prosperity  were  checked,  and  since  have 
not  been  revived  for  want  of  established  industries.  As 
a  substitute  for  employment,  more  of  the  town  men  became 
sailors,  and  others  engaged  in  oystering  on  the  Bay  and  rivers 


I02  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

near  by.  To-day,  the  town  and  surrounding  country  people 
sustain  eight  or  nine  stores  of  general  merchandise  kept 
there,  one  M.  E.  Church  and  Minister,  and  the  Old  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church  and  rector.  Lately  a  fruit  and  vege- 
table canning  house  has  been  built  there,  and  is  now  in  suc- 
cessful operation.  If  other  industries  follow  the  cannery, 
and  the  projected  Cambridge  and  Chesapeake  Railroad  is 
built,  a  new  life  may  revive  the  old  town  and  its  passive  four 
hundred. 

WOOLFORD. 

The  village  of  Woolford,  two  miles  west  of  the  town  of 
Church  Creek,  situated  on  Church  Creek,  a  tributary  of  Little 
Choptank  River,  is  quite  an  old  place,  that  has  had  three 
names  in  its  history.  About  twenty-five  years  ago  it  was 
called  Milton,  named  by  the  Postoffice  Department  as  a 
postoffice.  For  150  years  prior  to  that  time,  it  was  called 
Loomtown;  tradition  says,  because  the  "industrious  matrons 
there  in  every  household  had  a  weaver's  loom."  The  influ- 
ence that  introduced  looms  there  and  elsewehere  in  Dor- 
chester and  Somerset  Counties,  was  an  Act  of  Assembly 
passed  in  1682,  that  authorized  County  Court  Commission- 
ers to  pay  six  pounds  of  tobacco  for  every  yard  of  linen 
woven,  which  was  three-quarters  of  a  yard  wide;  and  for 
woolen  cloth,  ten  pounds  of  tobacco.  It  1697,  this  Act  was 
repealed  and  measures  adopted  to  suppress  domestic  manu- 
facturing to  prevent  reduction  of  imported  merchandise 
necessary  for  the  use  of  the  colonists,  and  profitable  to  Eng- 
lish exporters. 

Descendants  of  some  of  the  first  settlers  of  Loomtown  are 
still  there  and  in  that  locality.  Two  hundred  years  ago  the 
Woolfords,  Millses,  Brannocks,  Skinners  and  Joneses  were 
residents  of  the  old  place,  now  known  as  Woolford,  that 
has  a  population  of  about  one  hundred  people;  two  stores, 
one  church,  and  the  ^Village  blacksmith"  shop. 

Near  Woolford,  on  the  road  to  Church  Creek,  is  an  old 
windmill,  that  was  used  for  grinding  com  into  meal  probably 
a  hundred  years  ago.     (See  illustration.) 


I*  *< 


•  »  • 


« 


MADISON  103 

MADISON. 

The  town  of  Madison  lies  west  from  Cambridge,  about 
twelve  miles,  on  Tobacco  Stick  Bay,  a  tributary  of  Little 
Choptank  River.  The  first  name  given  the  little  village  was 
"Tobaco  Stick;"  oral  tradition  says,  from  the  feat  of  an 
Indian  who  jumped  across  the  channel  at  the  mouth  of  the 
cove  with  the  aid  of  a  "tobacco  stick,"  some  time  in  early 
colonial  days,  when  escaping  from  some  white  people  who 
were  pursuing  him. 

This  town  has  made  a  very  slow  growth;  its  business  re- 
sources for  support  of  the  inhabitants  for  more  than  a  hun- 
dred years,  were  a  wood  and  timber  trade  and  shipbuilding. 
For  the  last  twenty-five  years,  oystering  has  become  a  sub- 
stitute for  town  support  in  the  place  of  the  diminished  enter- 
prises in  timber  getting  and  shipbuilding. 

In  1809,  2^  Act  of  Assembly  was  passed  that  permitted 
Joseph  Stewart,  an  enterprising  farmer  and  vessel  builder, 
to  dig  a  canal  from  Parson's  Creek,  through  White  Marsh, 
to  connect  with  Tobacco  Stick  Bay,  at  Tobacco  Stick,  for 
the  purfKyse  of  lightering  wood  and  timber  from  a  large 
tract  of  timberland,  that  the  canal  also  drained.  As  early  as 
1760,  it  was  known  as  a  village;  among  its  first  inhabitants 
were  Roger  Woolford,  William  Jones  and  John  Harrington. 

Before  the  day  of  churches  there,  religious  services  were 
held  at  John  Harrington's  house.  The  oldest  person  living 
there  now  is  John  E.  Harrington,  who  is  a  descendant  of 
John  Harrington,  above-named.  In  this  town  are  three 
churches,  one  M.  E.,  one  M.  E.  South,  and  one  M.  P.  church; 
three  general  merchandise  stores;  one  large  fruit  and  vege- 
table cannery.  The  town  is  the  home  of  several  captains 
of  Bay  trading  sail  vessels  that  belong  there.  It  has  a  popu- 
lation of  about  300  inhabitants. 

DOCTORS. 

Of  the  physicians  who  once  lived  at  Tobacco  Stick,  the 
earliest  now  remembered  by  Mr.  John  E.  Harrington,  were 
Drs.  Pratt   and    Rich.     Dr.  Harrison    also    practiced  there. 


104  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Madison  has  long  had  the  benefit  of  a  prominent  and  skill- 
ful physician,  who  still  resides  there,  Dr.  Benj.  L.  Smith, 
whose  tact  in  politics  has  almost  eclipsed  his  splendid  pro- 
fessional record.  He  has  been  an  honored  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates,  Senate  of  Maryland,  and  for  the  last 
three  sessions  of  the  Legislature,  has  been  Chief  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Delegates. 

TAYLOR'S  ISLAND 

These  districts,  while  they  have  no  regularly  organized 
towns,  are  densely  populated  in  parts  lying  near  the  Bay  and 
rivers,  in  which  are  valuable  oyster  beds. 

Taylor's  Island  is  about  six  miles  long,  lying  parallel  with 
Chesapeake  Bay,  on  the  western  border  of  the  county,  and 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  Slaughter  Creek,  and  from 
Hooper's  Island  by  Punch  Island  Creek.  Colonists  from  St. 
Mary's  and  Calvert  Counties  settled  on  this  island  ten  years 
before  the  County  of  Dorchester  was  laid  out.  Thomas 
Taylor,  after  whom  the  island  was  named,  Raymond  Staple- 
fort,  Francis  Armstrong  and  John  Taylor,  were  among  the 
early  settlers,  who  cleared  the  land  of  timber  and  made  fine 
farms  there.  The  cultivation  of  tobacco  and  com  was  the 
principal  employment  and  the  chief  products  raised  for  sup- 
port of  the  people  during  the  first  century  of  the  colony. 

From  the  year  1700,  timber  and  lumber  trade  increased 
for  the  next  1 50  years  to  the  extent  of  a  profitable  industr}'. 
Soon  thereafter  catching  oysters  for  sale  in  city  markets 
rapidly  became  a  paying  business,  and  is  still  a  trade  of  much 
activity.  The  revenue  derived  from  oysters  has  added  valu- 
able and  attractive  improvements  to  this  section  of  the 
county.  On  the  island  are  three  fine  churches,  large  stores, 
canneries,  and  fine  dwellings,  the  homes  of  well-to-do  and 
cultured  people. 

HOOPER'S  ISLAND. 

Hooper's  Island  lies  south  of  Taylor's  Island.  It  is  about 
twenty  miles  in  length,  though  now  divided  by  two  navigable 


LAKES  105 

thoroughfares.  It  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Honga 
River.  Its  first  settlers,  like  those  who  settled  on  Taylor's 
Island,  came  from  the  Western  Shore.  One  of  them, 
Henry  Hooper,  owned  much  of  the  island,  consisting  of 
numerous  tracts  of  land,  aggregating  at  that  time  2340  acres. 
On  the  upper  end  of  the  island,  then  known  as  Meekin's 
Neck,  a  Catholic  settlement  was  made  prior  to  1692;  there 
the  first  Catholic  church  in  the  county  was  built.  Descen- 
dants from  a  number  of  this  religious  colony  through  suc- 
cessive generations  have  lived  there  and  still  retain  the  names 
and  lands  of  their  ancestors.  Farming,  fishing,  sailing  and 
oystering  have  been  the  successive  vocations  of  these  island- 
ers. To-day  oysters  are  the  main  source  upon  which  they  de- 
pend for  a  living  and  business.  The  inhabitants  are  thickly 
settled  on  small  lots  of  land,  in  nice  houses  that  show  from  a 
distance  like  suburban  villages.  Agencies  that  make  them 
almost  as  one  social  community  are  good  stores,  nice 
churches,  public  schools  and  dependent  business  interests. 

LAKES. 

Lakes  was  unknown  as  a  political  division  of  the  county 
until  1829,  but  in  the  Revolution  of  1776  that  section  was 
called  "Lakes,"  after  the  prominent  and  patriotic  Lake  fami- 
lies, who  then  lived  there,  though  it  was  a  part  of  Straits 
hundred. 

Some  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  that  section  were  the 
Keenes,  Hoopers,  Gootees,  Insleys  and  Shentons.  Its  vast 
tracts  of  oak  and  pine  timber  of  old  growth  were  the  last  in 
the  county  to  fall  before  the  lumberman's  axe. 

Some  places  in  and  bordering  Lakes  have  peculiar  names; 
there  is  "Golden  Hill,"  but  no  gold;  "Hunger"  River,  but 
always  full;  "Blackwater"  River,  but  never  black;  "World's 
End"  Creek,  but  no  end  of  the  world  visible  there.  Some 
places  were  gfiven  town  names,  but  no  towns  grew  at  Lakes 
Ville,  Hungerford  or  Woodlandtown.  The  modern  name 
of  Crzpo  represents  only  one  store,  post  office,  a  vegetable 


I06  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

cannery  and  five  dwellings.     The  chief  occupations  of  the 
people  in  the  district  are  farming  and  oystering. 

STRAITS. 

When  the  county  was  laid  off  into  eight  election  districts, 
Straits  retained  its  original  name,  first  called  Straits  hundred. 
At  present  the  mainland  extends  from  the  southern  boun-- 
dary  of  Lakes  to  Bishop's  Head,  about  twelve  miles  distant. 
The  remainder  of  the  district  includes  Elliott's  Island,  Clay 
Island  and  Sandy  Island,  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
Fishing  Bay,  and  Bloodsworth  Island  and  Holland's  Island, 
south  of  Hooper's  Straits.  As  early  as  1660  settlements 
were  made  near  Hooper's  Straits,  then  called  "Limbo"' 
Straits,  so  named  by  Captain  John  Smith,  who  was  caught  in 
a  severe  storm  there  during  his  exploring  expedition  in  1608. 
He  says  the  storm  blew  away  their  sails,  which  were  repaired 
by  using  the  shirts  of  his  crew.  Honga  River  that  lies  west 
of  Straits  district,  he  then  named  "Rapahanock,"  the  name 
of  an  Indian  tribe  then  living  near. 

The  McNamares,  Fallins,  Brambles  and  Pritchetts  were 
some  of  the  early  settlers,  whose  descendants  still  live  in 
Straits. 

Not  until  a  market  for  oysters  in  cities  was  established 
did  this  district  begin  to  exhibit  thrift  and  develop  a  dense 
population,  whose  numerous  dwellings  to-day  appear  like 
little  villages  on  the  mainland,  and  on  Elliott's  and  Holland's 
Islands. 

There  is  a  peculiar  geological  land  formation  in  this  dis- 
trict. South  of  Fishing  Bay,  along  its  shore,  and  on  the 
border  of  vast  bodies  of  low  marshland,  are  Elliott's  and 
Clay  Islands,  high  sandy  hills.  On  Elliott's  Island  are  evi- 
dences that  Indians  lived  there,  probably  the  Nantiquacks 
or  Wiwashes,  who  for  generations  feasted  on  oysters  along 
the  Bay  shore,  where  Indian  arrow  heads  are  found  about 
banks  of  old  oyster  shells. 

The  land  in  Straits  is  fertile  and  produces  good  crops,  but 
oystering  is  the  chief  occupation  of  the  people. 


Church  History. 
CHAPTER  Xni. 

THE   PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH— THE  CATHOLIC  CHURCH. 

THE  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

A  large  majority  of  the  people  who  settled  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  before  and  after  Dorchester  County  was  laid  out,  were 
Protestants,  a  fact  conclusively  shown  by  the  official  acts  of 
the  Assembly  Delegates  and  other  representative  officers  in 
colonial  days. 

Following  the  Protestant  Revolution  of  1689,  church  in- 
fluence under  the  new  government  made  some  progress;  two 
churches  were  then  built,  and  the  county  divided  into  two 
parishers  in  1692.  Choptank  Parish  was  much  the  larger, 
and  included  a  part  of  what  is  now  Caroline  County.  This 
parish  was  so  large  that  the  people  who  lived  a  long  distance 
from  Cambridge  could  not  regularly  attend  church  service 
on  Sunday.  The  first  partial  relief  came  to  them  in  1709, 
when  a  "Chapel  of  Ease"  was  built  at  Vienna.  As  the  popu- 
lation increased  and  expanded,  the  Assembly  authorized  the 
division  of  great  Choptank  Parish  and  the  outlining  of 
another  called  "Saint  Mary  White  Chapel  Parish,"  in  1725, 
in  which,  no  doubt  divine  services  were  held  prior  to  the 
passage  of  an  Act  in  1755,  authorizing  a  chapel  to  be  built 
in  the  parish.  It  was  erected  on  the  county  road  that  now 
leads  from  Federalsburg  to  Hunting  Creek,  about  two  miles 
from  the  latter  place. 

This  religfious  denomination  was  prosperous  until  the  out- 
break of  the  Revolutionary  War,  when  the  rectors,  whose 
oath  as  clergymen  bound  them  to  be  loyal  and  bear  true 
allegiance  to  the  government  of  England,  were  obliged  to 
vacate  their  glebes  and  churches  and  return  to  their  native 
country,  or  take  the  oath  required  to  become  loyal  colonists 


I08  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

of  Maryland.  During  the  Revolutionary  struggle  for  Inde- 
pendence, and  for  some  years  following  after,  in  the  absence 
of  the  parish  rectors  of  several  small  churches  in  the  county, 
their  vestrymen,  and  congregations  entirely  neglected  their 
parish  work  and  church  duties,  until  the  buildings  went  swift 
to  decay  and  utter  ruin.  In  the  tidal  wave  of  Methodism 
then  passing  over  the  Eastern  Shore,  many  of  the  Protestants 
were  carried  along  by  that  new  doctrine  into  the  Wesleyan 
Societies,  chiefly  because  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
was  supplied  by  England  with  a  c^lergy. 

At  this  time  there  are  six  Protestant  Episcopal  churches 
in  Dorchester  County,  in  charge  of  prominent  and  scholarly 
rectors. 

In  the  Parish  of  Dorchester  is  old  "Trinity  Church/'  which 
is  described  in  the  following  part  of  this  chapter. 

THE  OLD  CHURCH. 

{By  Hester  Dorsey  Richardson.) 

In  a  picturesque  spot  on  the  Little  Choptank  River  and  on 
the  narrow  creek  to  which  it  has  given  its  name,  stands  old 
Trinity,  known  until  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century  as 
"The  Church  in  Dorchester  Parish,"  and  familiarly  known  to 
the  present  generation  as  "The  Old  Church." 

So  long  ago  was  this  ancient  little  edifice  built  that  all 
record  of  its  date  has  been  lost,  the  most  diligent  and  careful 
search  having  so  far  failed  to  throw  any  light  on  the  subject 
It  is,  however,  beyond  dispute  that  this  church  was  standing 
in  the  year  1690,  two  years  before  the  Act  of  Assembly  which 
directed  the  division  of  the  counties  into  parishes,  at  which 
time  the  Great  Choptank  was  cut  from  the  Dorchester  Parish, 
which  prior  to  1692  included  the  entire  county. 

In  the  year  1690  there  were  already  in  existence  in  the 
colony  of  Maryland  thirty  parish  churches  and  many  "Chap- 
els of  Ease." 

We  find  from  the  colonial  records  that  the  Old  Church 
was  situated  at  "Dorchester  Town,"  as  the  inhabitants  of 
this  Parish  were  instructed   to  worship  in  the  church  at 


■    /^''-j.'iPi  4k^.^ 

■•jpSii,.*.  "^fc»    ■'!?*♦' 

'I   it"''             .  "  '.  ■'/'  ' 

RINITV  P.    E.  CHURCH.  CHURCH  CREEK. 


THE  OLD   CHURCH  IO9 

Dorchester  Town,  upon  the  division  of  the  county,  and  the 
inhabitants  of  Great  Choptank  Parish  to  worship  in  Cam- 
bridge, where  the  use  of  the  Court  House  was  given  for  di- 
vine service,  until  such  time  as  it  should  be  convenient  for 
them  to  build  their  church,  which  they  did  not  do  until  1696 
or  later,  as  in  that  year  Mr.  Philip  Pitt  and  other  vestrymen 
petitioned  the  Assembly  for  the  privilege  of  building  a  church, 
which  was  granted  them. 

In  this  same  year  1696  the  Dorchester  Church  reported 
two  hundred  and  twenty-one  taxables. 

Prior  to  1692  Trinity,  with  all  the  other  early  colonial 
churches,  paid  tithes  to  the  Bishop  of  London. 

The  register  of  marriages,  births  and  deaths  has  been  pre- 
served since  1743,  but  nothing  remains  of  an  earlier  date 
other  than  the  names  of  the  rectors  from  the  year  1697. 

The  law  passed  by  the  Council  prescribing  that  vestrymen 
of  all  parishes  should  each  year  return  a  list  of  marriages,  was 
evidently  universally  disregarded,  as  in  December,  1696,  a 
list  of  the  vestries  failing  to  comply  with  this  and  also  neglect- 
ing to  send  a  transcript  of  their  proceedings  were  read  before 
His  Lordship's  Council. 

The  vestrymen  of  the  Dorchester  Parish  and  the  Great 
Choptank  were  all  fined,  proving  that  the  records  had  not 
been  transmitted,  most  likely  because  they  were  not  kept, 
which  accounts  for  the  lack  of  information  regarding  the  early 
history  of  this  venerable  church. 

The  first  rector  of  whom  we  have  any  record  was  Rev. 
Thomas  Howell,  who  officiated  in  both  parishes  from  the  year 
1697  until  1708.  For  the  next  twelve  months  there  were 
no  serviqes  at  the  Dorchester  Church,  but  were  resumed  upon 
the  arrival  of  Rev.  Thomas  Thomson  who  served  as  rector 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

Upon  his  death  in  1736  Mr.  William  Brogden  officiated  for 
three  years. 

In  1739  and  1740  the  name  of  Mr.  Chas.  Lake  appears  as 
having  conducted  services  on  two  specified  days;  he  was 
therefore  either  a  visiting  clergyman  or  a  lay  reader. 


no  HISTORY   OF   DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

In  the  year  1741  the  Rev.  Neal  McCuUum  became  the  rec- 
tor and  so  continued  until  1770. 

After  his  death  or  removal  the  Dorchester  Parish  remained 
vacant  for  a  period  of  eleven  years,  during  which  time  there 
is  no  record  of  even  a  special  or  occasional  service  being 
held. 

In  the  year  1768  the  following  advertisement  appeared  in 
the  Annapolis  Gazette  of  May  14: 


Wanted  in  Dorchester  Parish  a  curate.    Apply  to  vestry. 

"Roger  Jones,  Registrar." 


As  no  results  came  from  this  invitation  it  is  likely  that  this 
was  not  considered  a  "good  living."  Indeed,  it  is  a  matter 
of  record  that  one  of  the  early  rectors  petitioned  to  be  relieved 
of  his  charge  because  of  the  poor  pay. 

In  the  year  1781  Thomas  Brown  held  service  at  the  Old 
Church.  After  this  the  Rev.  Samuel  Keene  officiated  until 
1786,  in  which  year  he  accepted  a  call  to  Queen  Anne's 
County,  St.  Paul's  Parish;  during  his  incumbency  at  the  Dor- 
chester Church,  William  Keene  officiated  at  some  time  in 

1783. 
The  church  remained  without  a  rector  for  four  years  after 

the  departure  of  Rev.  Samuel  Keene,  until  1793,  when  Rev. 

John  Keene  succeeded  him  as  rector  for  a  little  while. 

The  names  of  those  who  conducted  odcasional  services 
between  the  years  1794  and  1806  are,  I.  Slacom,  R.  Patti- 
son,  I.  Braughn,  John  Anderson.  In  1806  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Kemp  assumed  charge  of  both  parishes  until  1812,  when  the 
Dorchester  was  again  vacant  for  six  years.  Rev.  G.  Weller 
then  became  rector  for  three  years. 

In  the  year  1818  the  Old  Church  underwent  repairs  and 
the  following  year  a  Chapel  of  Ease  was  begun  on  Taylor's 
Island.  The  Rev.  Jonathan  Judd  was  called  to  the  Parish 
in  1824.  The  next  rector  was  Rev.  Thomas  Bayne,  who 
continued  to  officiate  from  1838  until  1841  when  Bishop 
Whittingham  sent  the  Rev.  Wm.  Harris  to  be  the  resident 


THE  OLD  CHURCH  III 

rector  of  the  Dorchester  Parish,  provided  sufficient  funds 
could  be  raised;  as  he  resigned  at  the  end  of  the  year,  it 
is  safe  to  assume  that  the  pay  was  small. 

In  the  year  1843  ^^e  vestry  decided  it  would  be  expedient 
to  build  a  frame  thapel  in  the  village  of  Church  Creek  as 
more  accessible  to  the  people.  A  building  committee  was 
appointed  to  carry  out  the  plans.  This  was  composed  of 
the  following  vestrymen:  James  L,  Dorsey,  William  W. 
Jones  and  Wm.  T.  Staplefort.  The  project  was  abandoned 
in  1848  during  the  incumbency  of  Rev.  Cyrus  Waters,  who 
succeeded  the  Rev.  Meyer  Lewin  as  rector  of  the  Old  Church 
in  1847.  Three  years  later  the  Rev.  James  Stephenson  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Waters. 

In  the  Register,  the  name  of  the  Rev.  John  W.  Nott  first 
appears  as  rector  of  the  Dorchester  Parish  in  1854  and 
although  his  resignation  is  not  recorded  until  1874  in  the 
interim,  the  names  of  Rev.  James  L.  Bryan  and  Rev.  Samuel 
D.  Hall  are  recorded  as  rectors,  the  former  in  1859  and  1872 
and  the  latter  in  the  year  1869. 

After  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Nott  in  1873  the  Rev.  David 
Marion  Ellwood  was  elected  to  succeed  him  in  1874. 

In  the  year  1877  the  Rev.  William  Wallace  Greene  of  the 
Virginia  Diocese  accepted  a  call  to  the  Old  Church,  where 
he  continued  to  officiate  until  his  resignation  in  1889.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Jacob  Miller  for  one  year.  After 
his  departure  another  of  the  many  i>eriods  of  silence  fell 
upon  the  Old  Church,  until  the  Rev.  James  L.  Bryan  again 
held  services  there. 

In  1901  the  Rev.  Hugh  McDonald  Martin,  of  Virginia, 
responded  to  a  call  to  this  Parish  which  for  ten  years  had 
been  without  a  resident  rector.  Again,  after  six  months' 
incumbency,  it  is  numbered  with  the  silent  churches. 

The  Old  Church  was  reconsecrated  after  its  restoration 
from  great  dilapidation  and  long  vacancy  in  the  middle  of  the 
nineteeth  century,  when  it  was  named  Trinity  for  the  first 
time.  This  rite  was  performed  by  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  White- 
house. 


112  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

During  the  process  of  restoration  at  this  time  (1850)  the 
high  box  shaped  English  pews  were  removed,  also  the  hand 
carved  wainscoting  which  is  said  to  have  formed  part  of  the 
interior  decoration.  A  choir  gallery,  which  was  suspended 
above  the  main  entrance,  and  was  approacTied  from  the  out- 
side by  a  circular  staircase,  was  removed  "as  unsafe  and 
unnecessary." 

It  is  not  definitely  known  at  what  period  the  tiled  floor 
was  covered  with  plank  in  the  interest  of  health.  A  window 
above  the  reredos  has  long  since  been  bricked  up,  so  that 
the  church  in  Dorchester  Parish  has  really  lost  much  of  its 
colonial  characteristics  on  the  inside. 

Tradition  says  that  this  and  other  early  churches  were 
built  of  bricks  brought  from  England,  but  a  close  searching 
of  the  records  fails  to  bring  to  light  any  verification  of  this 
oft-told  tale. 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  bricks  were  made 
by  the  English  brickmakers,  who  were  brought  into  the  col- 
ony, and  who  were  contracting  for  bricks  as  early  as  1649, 
in  which  year  one  Cornelius  Canaday  made  an  agreement  to 
make  and  deliver  to  Mr.  Thomas  Cornwallis  twenty-eight 
thousand  bricks  within  two  years. 

Many  inventories  of  estates  mention  brick  molds,  but  no 
bill  of  lading  of  any  ship  gives  "bricks"  as  a  part  of  a  cargo. 

A  large  hollow  in  the  Old  Church  yard  was  for  many  years 
an  object  of  conjecture  and  superstition,  "because  water 
would  not  stand  in  it."  That  it  was  from  this  clay  soil  the 
bricks  were  made  which  built  the  church  I  have  no  doubt, 
and  indeed  there  is  one  tradition  to  this  effect. 

While  there  is  no  record  of  the  deed  of  gift  of  the  site  of 
the  church  there  is  positive  proof  that  the  Busicks,  who 
owned  the  surrounding  land,  gave  it  and  the  burying 
ground,  for  in  the  will  of  James  Busick  probated  in  the  year 
1749  he  stipulates  that  "the  two  acres  previously  laid  off  be 
and  do  belong  to  the  church  so  long  as  a  Parish  Church  is 
kept  and  no  longer." 


THE  OLD  CHURCH  1 13 

As  there  is  no  record  of  the  land  ever  having  been  deeded 
to  the  vestry,  the  tenure  of  the  burying  ground  seems  to 
depend  entirely  upon  the  Parish  Church  being  kept. 

The  land  surrounding  the  church  and  covering  an  hundred 
acres  was  patented  in  1671. 

In  the  year  1767  James  Busick  (3)  upon  inheriting  the 
estate  had  a  resurvey  made  and  a  new  patent  granted  him 
by  Frederick,  sixth  Lord  Baltimore.  This  last  grant  is  still 
in  possession  of  the  present  owners  of  "the  land." 

An  old  red  velvet  cushion,  which  bears  the  stamp  of  royal 
quality,  is  said  to  have  been  sent  over  by  Queen  Anne 
for  a  prayer  cushion  in  this  early  church.  Indeed,  tradition 
goes  so  far  as  to  claim  that  the  good  queen  knelt  on  it  at  her 
coronation.  It  is  certainly  the  exact  shape  and  size  of  those 
used  on  such  occasions. 

There  still  remains  one  large  silver  communion  cup,  in- 
scribed "To  the  Church  in  Dorchester  Parish,"  which  bears 
the  English  Hall  marks  of  long  ago. 

The  other  pieces  of  the  service  have  disappeared.  There  is 
no  mention  made  in  the  church  records  of  the  presentation  of 
the  communion  service,  and  while  tradition  says  it  also  was 
presented  by  Queen  Anne,  the  Hall  marks  indicate  a  period 
later  than  her  reign. 

During  a  period  of  restoration  some  years  back,  stained 
glass  windows  were  presented  to  the  Old  Church  through 
Miss  Mary  Carroll,  of  Dorchester  County,  then  living  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  Later,  many  repairs  and  improvements 
were  made  by  the  Guild  of  the  Parish. 

About  five  years  ago  the  church  showed  alarming  signs 
of  weakness  and  it  was  feared  that  the  sacred  edifice  was 
about  to  fall.  The  Right  Reverend  William  Forbes  Adams, 
Bishop  of  the  Diocese,  was,  however,  enabled  to  have  the 
original  walls  buttressed  by  a  timely  contribution  from  a 
New  York  lady  interested  in  the  preservation  of  ancient  land 
marks. 

The  Chapel  organ  and  the  handsome  communion  sef- 
vice  were  purchased  with  money  raised  in  Baltimore  for  the 


114  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

purpose,  by  Miss  Sallie  Webster  Dorsey,  formerly  of  Balti- 
more, now  of  Dorchester.  In  appreciation  of  her  eflforts 
the  vestry  of  Old  Trinity  passed  resolutions  of  thanks  to 
Miss  Dorsey. 

Mrs.  Wm.  G.  Woodside,  of  Baltimore,  gave  as  a  memorial 
to  her  son  a  chancel  hanging-lamp,  in  addition  to  a  hand- 
some antii>endant  and  stole,  embroidered  by  the  Mount  Cal- 
vary Sisters. 

Altar  hangings  have  from  time  to  time  been  donated  to 
Old  Trinity  by  sister  churches  in  Baltimore  and  Washington. 

Within  the  past  two  years  the  interior  of  the  Dorchester 
church  has  been  repaired,  and  new  windows,  protected  by 
stout  oaken  shutters,  have  replaced  the  dilapidated  ones.  A 
chancel  carpet  and  new  prayer-books  and  hymnals  have  also 
been  presented.  These  latest  repairs  and  improvements 
were  made  through  the  efforts  of  Mrs.  Thomas  King  Carroll, 
who  contributed  liberally  to  the  restoration,  as  did  Mr.  John 
E.  Hurst,  of  Baltimore;  Mr.  John  Richardson,  of  St.  Joseph, 
Md.;  Mrs.  James  Richardson,  of  Church  Creek,  and  Mr. 
Charles  O.  Willis,  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

The  fact  that  friends  of  the  church  in  distant  parts  of  the 
State  have  many  times  come  to  the  rescue  and  saved  the  Old 
Church  from  falling  into  utter  decay,  is  proof  that  the  com- 
munity is  not  of  the  Episcopal  faith,  and  while  all  seem  to 
reverence  the  ancient  edifice  there  seems  little  hope  of  its 
ever  becoming  a  flourishing  parish. 

The  burying  ground  is  the  last  resting-place  of  all  denomi- 
nations, and  despite  the  fact  that  it  is  already  crowded  the 
vestry  of  the  Old  Church  have  never  reserved  the  privileges 
of  the  ground  for  the  membership. 

The  time  must  come,  however,  and  shortly,  when  each 
church  in  the  community  must  have  its  own  "God's  Acre," 
when  those  now  sleeping  their  last  sleep  in  the  shadow  of  Old 
Trinity  will  rest  undisturbed. 


THE   CATHOLIC   CHURCH    IN   DORCHESTER  II 5 

THE  CATHOLIC  CHURCH  IN  DORCHESTER. 

(Data  from  Hon,  fVm,  F,  A.) 

The  first  settlers  who  came  to  this  section  of  Dorchester 
in  colonial  days  were  Catholics.  Their  first  chapel  was  built 
in  Meekins'  Neck,  about  1769,  in  what  is  now  Election  Dis- 
trict No.  6,  or  Hooper's  Island,  and  near  Golden  Hill.  It  was 
a  small  and  unpretentious  looking  structure,  and  could  have 
been  easily  taken  for  a  barn,  but  for  the  presence  of  a  small 
wooden  cross  upon  it.  A  short  distance  from  the  site  of  fhe 
old  chapel,  a  modern  church  of  that  denomination  now  stands, 
which  was  erected  in  1872.  In  full  view  of  the  Chesapeake 
Bay,  and  opposite  the  cliffs  on  the  Western  Shore,  is  this 
divine  edifice,  *'St.  Mary's  Star  of  the  Sea,"  From  a  distant 
view,  tiny  white  specks  appear  here  and  there  about  the 
church  ground  which  at  closer  range  prove  to  be  memorial 
symbols  erected  over  the  last  resting-places  of  many  departed 
guardians  of  that  old  parish. 

The  primitive  settlers  of  this  Catholic  colony  in  Dorchester, 
came  from  St.  Mary's  County  about  the  year  1660.  At  that 
day  divine  service  was  held  in  private  dwellings  by  a  miss'on- 
ary  Jesuit  priest,  who  crossed  the  Chesapeake  from  St. 
Inigoes. 

Before  services  were  regularly  conducted  in  that  part  of 
the  Eastern  Shore,  as  often  as  two  or  three  times  a  year,  it 
was  customary  for  entire  families  to  embark  early  on  Sunday 
morning  in  their  small  crafts  and  cross  the  Bay  to  attend 
Mass,  in  St.  Mary's. 

The  descendants  of  the  original  Catholics  of  that  epoch, 
who  are  still  in  this  parish  fold  in  Dorchester,  are  the  families 
of  Mrs.  Richard  Tubman,  Mrs.  George  Mace,  Frank  Tubman, 
William  F.  Applegarth,  Robert  Tubman,  Charles  Tubman, 
Mrs.  Emma  Martin,  G.  Galon  Shenton,  Louis  B.  Keene, 
Mrs.  E.  Vickars,  Jno.  A.  Dunnock,  Geo.  A.  Wilson,  Wni.  H. 
Dean,  Edward  Meekins,  John  D.  Meekins,  Mrs.  Leonard, 
Eugene  Jones,  Mrs.  Susie  Tyler,  Job  and  Mathias  Dunnock, 
Mrs.  Foxwell,  Mrs.  Dorothy  Simmons,  Alexander  Fitzhugh, 


Il6  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Raymond  Shenton,  Mrs.  Zoe  Keene,  Mrs.  Daniel  LeCompte 
and  Mrs.  Geo.  H.  Gillingham. 

The  old  Catholic  church  was  purchased  for  a  public  school 
building  in  1872,  and  is  still  used  for  that  purpose. 

As  Protestantism  grew  strong  and  oppressive  under  sec- 
tarian laws  enacted  in  the  reigns  of  William  and  Mary  and 
Queen  Anne  the  Catholics  made  but  little  church  advance- 
ment during  that  period.  In  1706  the  Sheriffs  of  the  several 
counties  were  required  by  an  Act  of  Assembly  to  enumerate 
all  Catholics  in  their  respective  counties;  only  seventy-nine 
were  found  in  Dorchester  County. 

To  check  the  growth  of  **Popery/'  an  Act  was  passed  in 
1723,  for  laying  an  additional  duty  of  twenty  shillings  current 
money,  per  poll,  on  all  Irish  servants,  being  Papists,  who 
were  brought  into  the  colony. 

The  progress  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  Dorchester  County 
has  been  very  slow;  at  this  date  there  are  only  about  five  hun- 
dred Catholics,  and  three  churches,  one  each  at  Cambridge, 
Sedretary,  and  Golden  Hill,  or  Meekins'  Neck.  They  are 
sustained  by  able  and  influential  parishioners.  "Mary  Refuge 
of  Sinners,"  the  church  in  Cambridge,  was  erected  in  1894, 
to  replace  one  built  there  in  1885.  The  church  at  Secretary  is 
the  outgrowth  of  a  small  Catholic  settlement  made  there 
about  1886,  whiqh  has  since  been  steadily  increasing. 

Prior  to  the  elevation  of  Right  Rev.  Alfred  A.  Curtis  to  the 
see  of  Wilmington,  Del.,  the  spiritual  wants  of  Dorchester 
Catholics  were  served  monthly,  by  a  priest,  stationed  at  Eas- 
ton,  Md.,  but  Bishop  Curtis  determined  to  establish  better 
service  for  the  Catholics  in  the  county  and  to  his  efforts  are 
due  the  progress  of  the  cjiurch  since  that  time. 


CATHOLIC  CHURCH. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

THE  PATERNAL  BIRTHPLACE  OF  METHODISM— GERMANS  WHO  EMIGRATED  TO 
IRELAND,  WHERE  THEY  ARE  CONVERTED  TO  WESLEYAN  METHODISM  — 
MANY  OF  THEM  CAME  TO  AMERICA — FIRST  METHODIST  SOCIETY  ORGAN- 
IZED IN  NEW  YORK— EXTRACTS  FROM  FREEBORN  GARRETTSOn's  JOURNAL. 

EARLY  METHODISM. 

Nearly  two  hundred  years  ago  a  number  of  German  colo- 
nists left  the  Palatinate  in  the  region  of  the  ''Rhine,"  then 
too  near  the  border  line  of  Imperial  France,  and  settled  in 
Limerick  County,  in  the  west  part  of  Ireland.  In  1758  Rev. 
John  Wesley  visited  the  descendants  of  these  colonists,  at 
Killiheen,  Balligarane,  and  other  places  where  he  preached 
the  "Gospel"  and  many  were  converted.  As  early  as  1752, 
Mr.  Wesley  had  visited  that  part  of  Ireland,  where  the  Ger- 
man-Irish were  among  the  first  to  welcome  him.  In  that 
year,  under  the  religious  influence  of  Mr.  Wesley's  societies 
there,  a  young  Irishman,  Philip  Embury  was  converted.  In 
his  family  record  was  written  the  following : 

"On  Christmas,  being  Monday,  25th  of  December,  in  the 
year  1752,  the  Lord  shone  into  my  soul  by  a  glimpse  of  his 
redeeming  love,  being  an  earnest  of  my  redemption  in  Christ 
Jesus,  to  whom  be  glory  for  ever  and  ever.     Amen. 

"Philip  Embury." 

Mr.  Embury  became  a  local  preacher  in  Ireland.  He  emi- 
grated to  America  in  1760,  and  settled  in  New  York  City. 
About  this  time  a  number  of  emigrants  came  to  New  York 
from  Ireland;  they  had  been  Methodists  in  their  own  land. 
In  one  Christian  family  named  Hick  that  came  from  Balli- 
garane, Ireland,  was  a  pious  lady,  Mrs.  Barbara  Hick,  who 


Il8  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

influenced  Mr.  Embury  to  preach  in  New  York.  Her  appeal 
to  him  was:  "Brother  Embury,  you  must  preach  to  us,  or 
we  shall  all  go  to  hell,  and  God  will  require  our  blood  at  your 
hands!"  With  her  request  he  complied.  Only  six  persons 
attended  the  first  meeting.  This  society  then  organized  and 
later  enlarged,  built  the  first  Methodist  meeting  house  in 
America,  on  John  Street,  New  York,  in  1768. 

In  1760,  the  year  that  Mr.  Embury  c^me,  Robert  Straw- 
bridge,  another  Irish  Methodist,  arrived  and  settled  in  Fred- 
erick County,  Md.  From  the  work  of  these  pioneers, 
Methodist  societies  were  organized  at  many  places,  and 
placed  in  charge  of  local  leaders.  Rev.  John  Wesley  sent 
over  some  licensed  ministers  to  sui>erintend  the  Christian 
work  he  had  started  in  America.  Francis  Asbury,  the  first 
who  arrived  in  1771,  at  twenty-six  years  of  age,  traveled 
extensively  as  a  missionary.  In  his  religious  field  of  labor  he 
was  as  zealous  as  the  Apostle  Paul,  and  like  him  in  another 
respect  never  married.  "To  him  more  than  any  other  man 
in  America,  Methodism  owes  its  excellent  organization  and 
wonderful  growth." 

As  the  Methodist  societies  multiplied  in  numbers  and  in- 
creased in  membership,  under  the  pn-eaching  of  Mr.  Asbury, 
Freeborn  Garrettson  and  other  itinerant  ministers,  Mr.  Wes- 
ley sent  over  Dr.  Thomas  Coke,  who  arrived  in  New  York, 
November  3,  1784,  from  England,  with  plans  to  be  adopted 
for  regulating  their  church  government.  On  November  14 
Dr.  Coke  first  met  Rev.  Francis  Asbury  at  Barrett's  Chapel, 
Delaware.  There  they  formed  the  plan  for  calling  the  Christ- 
mas Conference  which  resulted  in  the  organization  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  This  Conference  was  held  in 
Baltimore,  December  25,  1784,  and  Francis  Asbury  was 
ordained  Bishop. 

John  Dickens,  then  ordained  a  deacon,  seleced  the  title 
for  the  church,  "Methodist  Episcopal  Church,"  which  was 
unanimously  adopted. 

The  devout  Methodist  missionaries  sent  over  to  America 
and  some  home-made  ministers  in  the  States,  made  profound 


EARLY   METHODISM  1 19 

impressions  on  the  people  by  their  earnest  and  self-sacrificing; 
work  of  preaching  a  religion  without  ecclesiastical  fcrmality, 
and  so  practical  that  many  who  came  to  disturb  and  scoff 
were  convicted  of  sin  and  converted  to  Methodism. 

Freeborn  Garrettson,  one  of  the  first  itinerant  ministe^^s 
who  came  to  Dorchester  County,  in  possession  of  the  Wes-- 
leyan  doctrine  of  Christian  faith,  reflected  the  new  light  of 
an  old  religion  with  such  g^reat  power  and  influence,  that  the 
spiritual  fires  he  then  kindled  were  never  extinguished,  but 
continued  to  g^row  g^reater  and  brighter,  until  to-day  they 
have  become  a  confluent  flame  of  progressive  Christianity  of 
unexcelled  magnitude. 

Every  true  Methodist  in  Dorchester  County  will  find  Mr. 
Garrettson's  Journal  of  missionary  work  and  travels  there, 
interesting  history  of  pioneer  labor,  so  faithfully  done  towards 
the  establishment  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Fol- 
lowing are  extracts  from  Garrettson's  Journal,  "Section  7 :" 

AN  ACCOUNT  OF  MY  TRAVELS  AFTER  I  WAS  RELEASED 

FROM  PRISON. 

After  preaching  at  many  places  in  the  Jerseys  and  Penn- 
sylvania, with  g^eat  freedom;  in  the  fall  of  1779  I  returned  to 
the  Peninsula  (which  was  my  second  visit)  and  we  had  a 
blessed  quarterly  meeting  at  Mr.  W.'s.^  I  traveled  largely 
through  this  country  all  the  winter,  and  many  were  gathered 
into  the  fold.  I  would  say  something  here  of  the  beginning 
and  progress  of  the  w^ork  of  God  in  Dorset  County — a  place 
where  they  were  generally  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
universally  enemies  to  the  life  and  power  of  religion.  The 
work  b^^  by  the  means  of  a  young  woman  who  was  niece 
to,  and  sometimes  lived  with.  Judge  E.^  of  Dorset;  her  sister 
was  the  wife  to  the  honorable  Mr.  B.'  I  am  not  certain 
whether  it  was  on  a  visit  to  Queen  Anne's  or  Dover,  that 
she  fell  in  with  the  Methodists,  by  whose  means  she  was  con- 
vinced and  converted,  and  afterwards  became  a  pious  follower 

*  Thos.  Ware.  '  Henry  Ennalls. 

'Honorable  Richard  Basset,  of  Delaware. 


I20  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

of  the  blessed  Jesus.  When  she  returned  to  her  uncle's  in 
Dorset,  they  began  to  think  she  was  beside  herself;  however, 
the  Lord  blessed  her  endeavors  in  favor  of  her  sister  Polly, 
and  a  few  others.  Her  sister  was  soon  set  at  liberty  in  a 
powerful  manner,  and  had  as  g^reat  a  zeal  for  God  as  her 
sister  Catherine  Shortly  after,  their  sister  B.  became  as 
blessed  a  woman  as  ever  I  saw,  and  I  have  not  a  doubt  but 
that  she  lived  and  died  a  bright  witness  of  sanctification. 

Mr.  B.  was  brought  into  the  faith,  with  two  young  lawyers 
who  were  studying  under  him,  and  several  others  of  the 
family,  who  were  the  fruits  of  the  labors  of  these  pious,  I  may 
say  blessed,  women.  To  return,  some  time  after  Mary's  con- 
version, she  went  to  visit  H.  A.  Esq.^  who  was  a  relation  of 
hers.  As  he  was  a  man  of  fashion,  and  an  entire  stranger  to 
inward  religion,  he  was  much  afraid  she  would  drive  his  wife 
out  of  her  senses.  He  undertook  to  show  his  visitor  that 
the  Methodists  were  not  in  the  right  way,  and  for  this  pur- 
pose he  chose  an  old  book  written  by  a  Puritan  divine  an 
hundred  and  fifty  years  ago;  but  he  had  not  read  many  min- 
utes before  conviction  seized  him,  and  the  tears  flowed  from 
his  eyes.  He  withdrew  and  read,  till  he  thought  he  must  go 
among  the  Methodists  with  his  book,  and  compare  it  with 
theirs.  He  did  so,  and  found  the  Methodist  publications 
to  agree  in  substance  with  that.  On  this  occasion  I  first  met 
with  him  at  Mr.  W.'s.^  After  he  had  labored  some  time  under 
distress  of  soul,  the  Lord  gave  him  rest — he  felt  the  burden 
of  guilt  removed — and  now  expressed  an  anxious  desire  that 
I  should  come  to  the  county  where  he  resided,  being  deter- 
mined to  stand  by  the  cause  as  long  as  he  lived. 

Thursday,  Febniary  lo,  1780,  I  arose  very  early  in  the 
morning,  and  addressed  the  throne  of  grace.  My  dear  Master 
wonderfully  refreshed  my  soul,  and  I  felt  a  willingness  to 
suffer  anything,  whatever  the  Lord  might  permit  to  come 
upon  me,  for  his  work's  sake.  I  opened  my  mind  to  Mr. 
F.  A.*  who  was  at  Mr.  W.*s  (Rev.  Thos.  Ware),  and  he 
seemed  very  desirous  I  should  accept  the  invitation.     He 

*Henry  Airey,  Esq.        "Rev.  Thos.  Ware.        'Rev.  Francis  Asbury. 


\ 


EARLY   METHODISM  121 

then  commended  me  to  the  Lord  in  prayer,  and  I  set  out  in 
good  spirits  with  a  strong  hope  that  good  would  be  done. 
The  first  day  I  got  half  way,  and  had  a  comfortable  night. 
February  ii  was  a  day  of  deep  exercise.  Are  others  dis- 
tressed in  the  way  that  I  have  been?  I  traveled  on  seem- 
ingly with  the  weight  of  a  mill-stone.  I  wept  bitterly  as  1 
passed  along,  and  several  times  stopped  my  horse,  intend- 
ing to  turn  back,  but  was  still  urged  on  my  way.  I  got  to 
my  dear  friend  Mr.  A.'s  sometime  before  night,  and  the  bur- 
den which  I  felt  all  the  way  left  me  at  his  door.  The  dismis- 
sion of  it  was  perceptible,  for  my  spirit  did  rejoice  in  God  my 
Saviour.  I  was  conducted  into  a  private  room,  where  the 
Lord  let  me  know  that  I  was  in  the  very  place  he  would  have 
me  to  be. 

In  the  evening  the  family  were  gathered  together  for 
jM^yer;  I  shall  never  forget  the  time;  I  suppose  about  twelve 
white  and  black  were  present.  The  power  of  the  Lord  came 
among  us.  Mrs.  A.  was  so  filled  with  the  new  wine  of  Christ's 
kingdom,  that  she  sank  on  the  floor,  blessing  and  praising 
the  Lord.  And  many  of  the  blacks  were  much  wrought 
upon.     This  night  was  a  time  of  great  refreshment  to  me. 

Saturday,  12.  About  thirty  of  the  neighbors  were  called 
together,  and  the  Word  seemed  to  melt  their  hearts.  I  had 
not  the  least  doubt,  but  the  Lord  had  called  me  to  this  place, 

Sunday,  13.  Near  an  hundred  gathered;  the  field  though 
in  the  winter  seemed  ripe  for  harvest,  and  my  gracious  God 
wrought  wonderfully  in  the  hearts  of  the  people ;  so  that  some 
who  were  enemies  before  acknowledged  it  to  be  the  truth. 

Monday,  14.  Accompanied  by  my  friend  I  went  to  the 
other  part  of  the  county.  The  field  is  ripe.  One  man  was 
deeply  affected  only  by  seeing  us.  I  preached  at  Colonel 
V.'s,  a  clever  man,  who  afterwards  bccar.ie  a  <>Teat  friend  to 
us  and  himself,  too.  The  fields  are  white  for  harvest.  The 
devil  is  angry.  The  wicked  rage,  and  invent  lies  and  mischief. 
The  county  court  was  sitting,  and  some  of  the  heads  of  it 
were  determined,  by  some  means  or  other,  to  clear  the  place 
of  such  a  troublesome  fellow.     For  a  cloak  they  charged  me 


122  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

with  toryism,  and  I  was  informed,  gave  a  very  wicked  man 
leave,  and  promised  to  bear  him  out  in  taking  my  life;  and 
for  this  purpose  he  was  to  lay  in  wait  for  me  the  next  day. 
It  fwovidentially  reached  my  ears  that  night  before  I  went 
to  bed,  and  as  the  wicked  seemed  thus  inclined,  I  thought 
it  expedient  to  withdraw  to  Mr.  A.'s,  where  I  staid  two  days; 
but  being  pressed  in  spirit,  I  could  stay  no  longer;  I  went 
to  another  i>art  of  the  county.  Many  came  out  to  hear,  and 
the  Word  was  still  attended  with  power;  for  they  began  to 
enquire  the  way  to  heaven, 

I  had  a  most  remarkable  vision  of  the  night.  And  in  that 
vision  it  was  revealed  to  me  what  I  was  to  suffer;  and  that 
the  Lord  would  stand  by  me,  so  that  my  enemies  should  not 
injure  me.  Hundreds  flocked  out  to  hear  the  word,  on  one 
side  sinners  were  enquiring  what  they  should  do  to  be  saved; 
and  those  on  the  other  side,  how  they  should  manage  in  order 
to  banish  me  from  the  place. 

Monday,  21.  I  had  great  satisfaction  in  reading  a  piece 
that  treated  on  the  human  soul.  I  had  much  freedom  in  the 
word  in  public,  and  a  blessed  family  meeting  at  my  good 
friend  A.'s,  but  sorely  tempted  of  the  devil.  Shortly  after 
(shall  I  speak  the  truth?  I  will  without  the  fear  of  nrnn, 
though  these  things  may  appear  strange  to  some  people)  I 
went  to  bed,  the  devil  made  his  appearance  upon  it;  first  he 
felt  like  a  cat,  he  then  got  hold  of  my  pillow;  I  now  believed 
it  to  be  the  fiend,  and  was  not  alarmed;  I  took  hold  of  the 
pillow  and  both  pulled  at  it;  I  cried  out,  get  behind  me,  Satan. 
And  immediately  he  vanished.  I  went  downstairs  in  the 
morning  intending  not  to  speak  of  what  had  passed;  but 
brother  A.  enquired  if  I  had  not  been  down  in  the  night;  I 
told  him  I  had  not;  "why,"  said  he,  "shortly  after  you  went 
up,  I  came  into  the  hall,  and  was  at  prayer,  when  I  heard 
some  one  walk  downstairs,  and  seemed  to  be  standing  in  the 
door;  as  I  knew  there  was  none  above  but  yourself,  I  con- 
cluded that  it  must  be  you  that  wished  to  go  out;  I  thereby 
went  and  opened  the  door,  but  saw  nobody,  and  certainly 
it  was  the  devil."     This    was  about  the  precise  time  he  left 


EARLY   METHODISM  1 23 

my  bed.  Poor  devil,  you  are  afraid  of  your  kingdom.  I 
then  mentioned  what  had  passed  in  my  chamber.  The  little 
daughter  was  under  some  concern  of  soul,  and  getting  up 
one  night,  awoke  her  parents,  and  told  them  she  was  afraid 
the  devil  would  carry  her  away.  The  soul  spirit  was  wonder- 
fully roused,  and  very  bitter  against  this  dear  family. 

February  24.  I  had  a  sweet  and  powerful  time.  After  I 
went  to  rest,  I  was  strangely  exercised  in  my  sleep;  I  thought 
I  saw  an  innocent  creature  chased  almost  to  death,  by  a 
company  of  dreadful  beings;  after  a  while  I  saw  a  cloud  about 
the  size  of  my  hand  rising  in  the  West,  which  grew  blacker 
and  darker  till  it  appeared  to  cover  the  earth ;  I  thought  now, 
most  surely  the  world  is  to  be  at  an  end.  I  saw  after  a  while 
those  <*rud  beings  turn  pale  as  death.  I  saw  a  person  come 
up  to  the  innocent  creature,  which  they  were  chasing  and 
receive  it.  I  awoke  rejoicing,  but  knew  not  how  to  interpret 
this  dream. 

Saturday,  25.  My  spirit  was  solemn  and  weighty;  expect- 
ing something  uncommon  would  turn  up,  I  withdrew  to  the 
woods,  and  spent  much  time  before  the  Lord.  I  preached 
with  freedom  to  a  weeping  flock,  my  friend  A.  accompanying 
me  to  the  place.  In  the  evening  we  were  repairing  to  his 
house,  being  about  to  preach  there  the  next  day,  but  a  parcel 
of  men  embodied  themselves  and  waylaid  me,  with  an  inten- 
tion to  take  me  to  gaol.  About  sunset  they  surrounded  us, 
and  called  me  their  prisoner.  They  beat  my  horse,  cursed 
and  swore,  but  did  not  strike  me.  Some  time  after  night 
they  took  me  to  a  magistrate  who  was  as  much  my  enemy 
as  any  of  them.  When  I  was  judged,  and  condemned  for 
preaching  the  gospel,  the  keeper  of  the  peace,  who  sat  in  his 
great  chair,  immediately  wrote  a  mittimus  and  ordered  me 
to  gaol.  I  asked  him  if  he  had  never  heard  of  an  aflfair  in 
Talbot  County.  Brother  I.  H.  was  committed  to  gaol  for 
the  same  crime,  that  of  preaching  the  gospel;  soon  after  the 
magistrate  was  taken  sick  unto  death,  and  sent  for  this  same 
preacher  out  of  confinement  to  pray  for  him.  He  then  made 
this  confession:  "When  I  sent  you  to  gaol,"  said  he,  "I  was 


124  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

fighting  against  God,  and  now  I  am  about  to  leave  the  world, 
pray  for  me."  His  family  were  called,  and  he  said  to  his 
wife:  "This  is  a  servant  of  God,  and  when  I  die,  I  request 
he  may  preach  at  my  funeral.  You  need  not  think  I  have 
not  my  senses;  this  is  the  true  faith."  He  then  gave  Brother 
I.  H.  charge  of  his  family,  and  desired  them  to  embrace  that 
profession.  Now,  said  I,  I  beseech  you  to  think  seriously 
of  what  you  have  done,  and  prepare  to  meet  God.  Be  you 
assured,  I  am  not  ashamed  of  the  cross  of  Christ,  for  I  con- 
sider it  an  honor  to  be  imprisoned  for  the  gospel  of  my  dear 
Lord.  My  horse  was  brought,  and  about  twelve  of  the  com- 
pany were  to  attend  me  to  gaol.  They  were  all  around  me, 
and  two,  one  on  each  side  holding  my  horse's  bridle.  The 
night  was  very  dark;  and  before  we  got  a  mile  from  the  house, 
on  a  sudden  there  was  an  uncommon  flash  of  lightning,  and 
in  less  than  a  minute  all  my  foes  were  dispersed;  my  friend 
A.  was  a  little  before  the  company.  How,  or  where,  I  know 
not,  but  I  was  left  alone.  I  was  reminded  of  that  place  in 
scripture,  where  our  dear  Lord's  enemies  fell  to  the  ground, 
and  then,  this  portion  of  scripture  came  to  me.  Stand  still 
and  see  the  salvation  of  God.  It  was  a  very  dark  cloudy 
night,  and  had  rained  a  little.  I  sat  on  my  horse  alone,  and 
though  I  dalled  several  times,  there  was  no  answer.  I  went 
on,  but  I  had  not  got  far  before  I  met  my  friend  Mr.  A. 
returning  to  look  for  me.  He  had  accompanied  me  through- 
out the  whole  of  this  affair.  We  rode  on  talking  of  the  good- 
ness of  God,  till  we  came  to  a  little  cottage  by  the  roadside, 
where  we  foimd  two  of  my  guards  almost  scared  out  of  their 
wits.  I  told  them  if  I  was  to  go  to  gaol  that  night,  we  ought 
to  be  on  our  way,  for  it  was  getting  late. — "Oh !  no,"  said 
one  of  them,  "let  us  stay  until  the  morning."  My  friend  and 
I  rode  on,  and  it  was  not  long  ere  we  had  a  beautiful  clear 
night.  We  had  not  rode  far,  before  the  company  had 
gathered,  from  whence  I  know  not.  However,  they  appeared 
to  be  amazingly  intimidated,  and  the  foreman  of  the  company 
rode  alongside  of  me,  and  said,  "Sir  do  you  think  the  affair 
happened  on  our  account?"     I  told  him  I  would  have  him 


EARLY   METHODISM  125 

judge  for  himself;  reminding  him  of  the  awfulness  of  the  day 
of  judgement,  and  the  necessity  there  was  of  preparing  to 
meet  the  judge  of  the  whole  world.  One  of  the  company 
swore  an  oath,  and  another  immediately  reproved  him,  say- 
ing, "How  can  you  swear  at  such  a  time  as  this?"  At  length 
the  company  stopped  and  one  said,  "We  had  better  give  him 
op  for  the  present;"  so  they  turned  their  horses  and  went 
back.  My  friend  and  I  pursued  our  way.  True  it  is,  the 
wicked  are  like  the  troubled  sea  whose  water  casts  up  mire 
and  dirt-  We  had  not  gone  far  before  they  pursued  us  again 
and  saidj  "We  cannot  give  him  up."  They  accompanied  us 
for  a  few  minutes,  and  again  left  us,  and  we  saw  no  more  of 
diem  that  night.  A  little  before  midnight  we  got  safe  to  my 
friend's  house.  And  blessed  be  God,  the  dear  waiting  family 
were  looking  out,  and  received  us  with  joy.  And  a  precious 
sweet  family  meeting  we  had.  I  retired  to  my  room  as 
bumble  as  a  little  child,  praising  my  dear  Deliverer. 

During  the  remaining  part  of  the  night,  though  dead  in 
deep,  I  was  transported  with  the  visions  which  passed 
through  my  mdnd.  And  had  a  confidence  in  the  morning, 
that  my  beloved  Lord  would  support  me.  I  saw  in  the  vis- 
ions of  the  night,  many  sharp  and  terrible  weapons  formed 
^^nst  me;  but  none  could  j>enetrate,  or  hurt  me,  for  as  soon 
as  they  came  near  me  they  were  turned  into  feathers,  and 
brushed  by  me  as  soft  as  down. 

Sunday,  27.  At  eleven  o'clock,  many  came  out  to  hear  the 
Word,  and  it  was  expected  my  enemies  would  be  upon  me; 
and  I  was  informed,  not  a  few  brought  short  clubs  under  their 
cloaks,  to  defend  me  in  case  of  an  attack;  for  many  had  just 
about  religion  enough  to  fight  for  it.  As  I  was  giving  out 
the  hymn,  standing  between  the  hall  and  room  doors,  about 
twenty  of  my  persecutors  came  up  in  a  body  (I  was  amazed 
to  see  one  of  them,  who  was  an  old  man,  and  his  head  as 
white  as  a  sheet)  these  were  under  the  appellation  of  gentle- 
men. The  ring  leader  rushed  forward,  with  a  pistol  pre- 
sented, and  laid  hold  of  me,  putting  the  pistol  to  my  breast 
Blest  be  God !  my  confidence  was  so  strong  in  him,  that  this 


126  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

was  with  me,  as  well  as  all  their  other  weapons,  like  feathers, 
as  was  represented  to  me  in  the  vision  of  the  night.  Some 
of  the  audience,  who  stood  next  to  me,  gave  me  a  sudden 
jerk;  I  was  presently  in  the  room,  and  the  door  shut.  As  soon 
as  I  could  I  opened  it,  and  beckoning  to  my  friends,  desired 
they  would  not  injure  my  enemies;  that  I  did  not  want  to 
keep  from  them-,  but  was  willing  to  go  to  gaol.  If  I  had  not 
spoke  in  this  manner,  I  believe  much  blood  would  have  been 
shed.  I  began  to  exhort,  and  almost  the  whole  congrega- 
tion was  in  tears,  and  in  a  particular  manner  the  women  were 
amazingly  agitated.  I  desired  my  horse  to  be  got,  and  I 
was  accompanied  to  Cambridge,  where  I  was  kept  in  a  tavern 
from  twelve  o'clock  to  near  sunset,  surrounded  by  the  wicked; 
and  it  was  a  great  mercy  of  God  that  my  life  was  preserved. 
A  little  before  night  I  was  thrust  into  prison,  and  my  ene- 
mies took  away  the  key,  that  none  might  administer  to  my 
necessities.  I  had  a  dirty  floor  for  my  bed,  my  saddle-bags 
for  my  pillow,  and  two  large  windows  open  with  the  cold 
East  wind  blowing  upon  me,  but  I  had  great  consolation  in 
my  dear  Lord,  and  could  say,  "Thy  will  be  done."  During 
my  confinment  here,  I  was  much  drawn  out  in  prayer,  read- 
ing, writing,  and  meditation.  I  believe  I  had  the  prayers 
of  my  good  friend  Mr.  F.  Asbury;  and  the  book  which  he 
sent  me  (Mr.  Ruthford's  letters  during  his  confinement)  to- 
gether with  the  soul  comforting  and  strengthening  letters 
which  I  received  from  my  pious  friends  was  rendered  a  great 
blessing  to  me.  The  Lord  was  remarkably  good  to  me,  so 
that  I  experienced  a  prison  to  be  a  mere  paradise;  and  I  had 
a  heart  to  pray  for  and  wish  my  worst  enemies  well.  My 
soul  was  so  exceedingly  happy,  I  scarcely  knew  how  my  days 
and  nights  passed  away.  The  Bible  was  never  sweeter  to  me. 
I  never  had  a  greater  love  to  God's  dear  children.  I  never 
saw  myself  more  unworthy.  I  never  saw  a  greater  duty  ia 
the  cross  of  my  dear  Lord;  for  I  thought  I  could,  if  required, 
go  cheerfully  to  the  stake  in  so  good  a  cause.  I  was  not  at 
all  surprised  at  the  cheerfulness  of  the  ancient  martyrs,  who 
were  able  in  the  flames  to  clap  their  glad  hands.     Sweet 


EARLY   METHODISM  12/ 

moments  I  had  with  my  dear  friends,  who  came  to  the  prison 
window. 

Happy  the  man  who  finds  the  grace, 
The  blessing  of  God's  chosen  race, 
The  wisdom  coming  from  above. 
The  faith  which  sweetly  works  by  love. 

Many,  both  friends  and  strangers,  came  to  visit  me  from 
far  and  near,  and  I  really  believe  I  never  was  the  means  of 
doing  more  good  for  the  time;  for  the  county  seemed  to  be 
much  alarmed,  and  the  Methodists  among  whom  I  had 
labored,  were  much  stirred  up  to  pray;  for  I  had  written 
many  epistles  to  the  brethren.  I  shall  never  forget  the  kind- 
ness I  received  from  dear  brother  and  sister  A.  They  suf- 
fered much  for  the  cause  of  God  in  Dorset  County,  for  which 
(if  faithful)  they  will  be  amply  compensated  in  a  better  world. 

My  crime  of  preaching  the  gospel  was  so  great,  that  no 
common  court  could  try  my  cause.  There  appeared  to  be 
a  probability  of  my  staying  in  gaol  till  a  general  court,  which 
was  near  twelve  months.  My  good  friend  Mr.  A.  went  lo 
the  Governor  of  Maryland,  and  he  befriended  me;  had  I  been 
his  brother,  he  could  not  have  done  more  for  me.  The  man- 
ner in  which  he  proceeded  to  relieve  me  is  this:  I  was  an 
inhabitant  of  Maryland  by  birth  and  property;  I  could  like- 
wise claim  a  right  in  the  Delaware  State,  which  State  was 
more  favorable  to  such  p>estilent  fellows.  I  was  carried  before 
the  Governor  of  Delaware.  This  gentleman  was  a  friend  to 
our  society.  He  met  me  at  the  door,  and  welcomed  me  in, 
assuring  me  he  would  do  anything  he  could  to  help  me.  A 
recommendatory  letter  was  immediately  dispatched  to  the 
Governor  of  Maryland,  and  I  was  entirely  at  liberty.  O  !  how 
wonderfully  did  the  people  of  Dorset  rage, — but  the  word  of 
the  Lord  spread  all  through  that  county,  and  hundreds,  both 
white  and  black,  have  experienced  the  love  of  Jesus.  Since 
that  time  I  have  preached  to  more  than  three  thousand  in 
one  congregation,  not  far  from  the  place  where  I  was  impris- 
oned; and  many  of  my  worst  enemies  have  bowed  to  the  scep- 
ter of  our  Sovereign  Lord.     The  labors  of  C.  P.  and  O.  were 


128  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

much  blessed  in  this  place,  in  the  first  reviving  and  spreading 
of  the  work. 

After  I  left  my  confinement,  I  was  more  than  ever  deter- 
mined to  be  for  God,  and  none  else.  I  traveled  extensively, 
and  my  dear  Lord  was  with  me  daily,  and  my  spirit  did  rejoice 
in  God  my  Saviour.  In  visiting  the  young  societies,  after 
I  left  gaol,  we  had  blessed  hours;  for  many  came  to  hear — 
sinners  cried  for  mercy,  and  God's  dear  people  rejoiced. 

Friday,  24.  Was  a  solemn  fast,  being  good  Friday,  the  day 
on  which  my  dear  Redeemer  gave  up  his  precious  life.  Three 
days  after,  being  in  a  blessed  family,  I  had  great  sweetness 
both  in  public  and  private;  and  before  I  laid  down  to  rest, 
I  was  very  desirous  of  being  lost  and  swallowed  up  in  the  love 
of  my  dear  Redeemer,  and  feeling  the  witness  of  perfect  love. 
After  I  laid  down  to  rest,  I  was  in  a  kind  of  visionary  way 
for  several  hours.  About  one  I  awoke  very  happy,  arose 
from  my  bed,  and  addressed  the  throne  of  grace.  I  then 
lighted  a  candle,  and  sp>ent  near  two  hours  in  writing  the  exer- 
cises of  the  night.  I  saw  myself  traveling  through  a  dismal 
place,  encompassed  with  many  dangers;  I  saw  the  devil,  who 
appeared  very  furious;  he  came  near  to  me  and  declared  with 
bitterness  he  would  be  the  death  of  me;  for  said  he,  you  have 
done  my  kingdom  mudh  harm;  thus  saying  he  began  pelting 
me  with  stones,  and  bedaubing  me  with  dirt,  till  I  felt 
wounded  almost  to  death,  and  began  to  fear  I  should  fall  by 
the  hand  of  my  enemy.  But  in  the  height  of  my  distress,  my 
dear  Saviour  appeared  to  me;  I  thought  him  the  most  beauti- 
ful person  that  ever  my  eyes  beheld :  "I  am  your  friend,*'  said 
he,  "and  will  support  you  in  your  journey;  fear  not,  for  your 
enemy  is  chained."  I  seemed  to  receive  much  strength,  and 
the  power  of  the  enemy  was  so  broken,  that  he  could  not 
move  one  foot  after  me;  all  he  could  do  was  to  throw  out 
threats,  which  he  did  loudly,  till  I  got  out  of  his  hearing. 
Being  safe  from  these  difficulties,  I  looked  forward  and  saw 
a  very  high  hill  which  I  was  to  ascend;  and  began  to  fear  1 
never  should  be  able  to  reach  the  top;  I  entered  on  my  jour- 
ney, and  got  about  half-way  up,  so  fatigued  that  I  thought 


EARLY   METHODISM  1 29 

every  moment  I  must  sink  to  the  earth;  laid  down  to  rest 
myself  a  little,  and  seemed  to  fall  into  a  kind  of  doze;  but  I 
had  not  laid  long,  before  the  person  who  met  me  in  the 
valley  passed  by,  and  smote  me  on  the  side,  saying,  "Rise  up, 
and  begone,  there  is  no  rest  for  you  there."  With  that  I 
received  strength,  and  got  to  the  top  of  the  hill.  I  then 
looked  back,  and  saw  my  enemy  at  a  great  distance;  I  was 
greatly  surprised  when  I  saw  the  place  through  which  I  had 
dome;  for  on  every  hand  there  appeared  to  be  pits,  holes,  and 
quagmires  in  abundance.  I  was  much  wounded,  and  all  be- 
spattered with  dirt,  but  looked  around  to  see  if  I  could  find 
any  house,  and  at  a  distance,  I  espied  a  little  cottage,  and 
made  up  to  it;  when  I  got  near  the  door,  two  angels  met  me 
and  said,  "Come  in,  come  in,  thou  blessed  of  the  Lord,  here  is 
entertainment  for  weary  travelers."  I  thought  within  ap- 
peared to  be  the  most  beautiful  place  I  had  ever  seen.  After 
I  went  in,  I  thought.it  was  heaven  filled  with  blessed  saints 
and  angels.  One  and  another  broke  out,  "Glory,  glory,"  etc., 
till  the  place  was  filled  with  praises.  One  spake  to  me  and 
said,  "This  is  not  heaven,  as  you  suppose,  neither  are  we 
angels,  but  sanctified  Christians;  and  this  is  the  second  rest. 
And  it  is  your  privilege  and  the  privilege  of  all  the  children 
of  God."  With  that  I  thought  I  had  faith  to  believe,  and 
in  a  moment  my  spotted  garments  were  gone,  and  a  white 
robe  was  given  me;  I  had  the  language  and  appearance  of 
one  of  this  blessed  society;  I  then  awoke. 

Before  this  I  had  an  ardent  desire  truly  to  know  my  state, 
and  to  sink  deep  into  God.  When  I  awoke  I  seemed  all 
taken  up  with  divine  things;  and  spent  part  of  the  remainder 
of  the  night  in  writing,  prayer,  and  praises;  and  had  a  strong 
witness  of  union  with  my  dear  Lord.  My  brother  T.  from 
Baltimore  side  came  to  see  me,  and  traveled  several  weeks 
with  me;  and  blessed  times  we  had  together;  for  I  believe  it 
was  on  this  visit  he  felt  a  witness  of  pardoning  love  to  his 
soul. 

Upon  a  qertain  occasion,  I  was  wonderfully  led  to  think 

of  the  place  called  hell,  and  was  severely  buffeted  by  the 

f 


130  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

devil.  "Hell,"  said  he,  "is  not  so  bad  a  place  as  you  repre- 
sent it;  how  can  God  be  a  merciful  being,  as  you  set  him  forth, 
if  he  sends  people  to  such  a  dismal  place,  for  a  few  sins»  to 
be  tormented  forever?"  I  was  earnestly  desirous  to  know 
what  kind  of  a  place  it  was.  And  the  Lord  condescended 
to  satisfy  me  in  the  dead  season  of  the  night.  After  I  fell 
into  a  deep  sleep,  I  seemed  to  enter  through  a  narrow  gate 
into  eternity,  and  was  met  by  a  person  who  conducted  me 
to  a  place  called  hell;  but  I  had  a  very  imperfect  view  of  it;  I 
requested  to  be  taken  where  I  could  see  it  better,  if  that  could 
be  done;  I  was  then  conveyed  to  a  spot  where  I  had  a  full 
view  of  it.  It  appeared  as  large  as  the  sea,  and  I  saw  myriads 
of  danuied  souls,  in  every  posture  that  miserable  beings 
could  get  inta  This  sight  exceeded  anything  of  the  kind 
that  ever  had  entered  into  my  mind.  But  it  was  not  for  me 
to  know  any  of  them.  Was  I  to  attempt  to  describe  the 
place  as  it  was  represented  to  me,  I  could  not  do  it  Had  I 
the  pen  of  ready  writer,  an  angelic  wisdom,  I  should  fall  short. 
I  cried  out  to  my  guide,  it  is  enough.  With  that  he  brought 
me  to  the  place  he  first  met  me.  I  then  desired  a  discovery 
of  heaven;  my  guide  said,  "Not  now,  return;  you  have  seen 
sufficient  for  once;  and  be  more  faithful  in  warning  sinners, 
and  have  no  more  doubt  about  the  reality  of  hell."  Then  I 
instantly  awoke. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

GARKETTSON's  journal  continued— first  METHODIST  CHURCHES  IN  THE 
COUNTY— REV.  FRANCIS  ASBURY*S  JOURNAL  OF  TRAVELS  IN  DORCHESTER 
— M.  B.  CHURCH  PROGRESS — BOEHM's  REMINISCENCES— M.  E.  CHURCH 
BRANCHBS — BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

At  the  next  meeting  of  ministers  in  April  1780,  at  Balti- 
more, Mr.  Garrettson  was  sent  to  new  fields  of  labor,  Western 
Maryland,  Virginia,  and  New  York.  In  1781  he  returned 
to  the  Eastern  Shore  Peninsula,  and  spent  much  of  the  time 
there  in  1782-83.  After  the  Baltimore  Conference  in  1784, 
he  was  sent  to  Nova  Scotia,  from  whic  h  he  returned  in  April, 
1787,  to  attend  the  Baltimore  Conference.  He  was  then 
sent  again  to  the  E.  S.  Peninsula,  his  chosen  field  for  mission- 
ary work.  He  says,  "Saturday,  June  3,  I  crossed  the  river 
into  Dorset,  a  place  where  I  desired  to  be,  Sunday,  4.  At 
Brother  M.'s  I  met  so  large  a  congregation,  that  I  was  under 
the  necessity  of  withdrawing  to  the  shade  for  room.  Some 
time  ago  there  was  a  great  work  of  the  Lord  in  this  neck; 
but  I  am  informed  the  work  is  now  rather  at  a  stand.  What 
is  the  cause?  Those  preachers  whose  labors  the  Lord  parti- 
cularly blest  in  this  revival  were  lively  and  powerful;  and 
there  was  much  of  what  some  call  wildfire  among  the  people; 
the  cries  of  the  distressed  were  frequently  so  g^reat  that  the 
preacher^s  voice  was  drowned.  I  was  informed  that  those 
people  had  been  visited  by  some,  who  had  but  little  friend- 
ship for  what  some  call  hollowing  meetings;  and  the  work 
began  to  decline.  The  danger  lies  on  both  hands;  and  blessed 
is  he  who  knows  how  to  steer  aright.  I  am  never  distressed 
in  hearing  convinced  sinners  crying  for  mercy;  though  they 
were  to  cry  so  loud  as  to  be  heard  a  mile.     *     *     * 

"Sunday,  June  11, 1  preached  in  our  new  chapel  on  Taylor's 
Island,  to  abundantly  more  people  than  the  chapel  could  con- 


132  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

tain.  Many  on  this  island  love  God.  Tuesday,  13.  I  preached 
on  Hooper's  Island,  and  we  had  a  precious  shower.  Before 
our  meeting  ended  five  souls  were  newborn;  three  of  whom 
were  sisters.  There  were  many  awakened  at  this  meeting, 
and  great  cries  were  amongst  the  distressed.  There  was  as 
little  confusion  as  I  have  ever  seen,  when  there  was  so  great 
a  power  felt." 

Much  more  cbuld  be  said  of  Rev.  Freeborn  Garrettson, 
who  was  aalled  into  the  itinerant  field  by  Daniel  Ruflf,  a 
Methodist  preacher,  in  1775.  In  1793,  he  married  Miss 
Catherine  Livingstone,  daughter  of  Judge  Livingstone  of 
New  York.  **  'Rhinebeck,'  their  beautiful  home  on  the  Hud- 
son River,  was  an  earthly  paradise."  After  preaching  the  gos- 
pel for  fifty-two  years,  Mr.  Garrettson  died  suddenly  in  New 
York,  September  27,  1827,  and  was  buried  in  his  own  beloved 
"Rhinebeck,"  where  sleeps  beside  him  his  devoted  wife,  both 
waiting  the  resurrection  of  the  just. 

The  early  preaching  of  Methodism  in  Dorchester  Count/ 
was  for  eight  or  nine  years  conducted  at  the  private  homes 
of  families  who  were  either  believers  of,  or  in  symi>athy  with, 
the  new  doctrine  of  John  Wesley.  The  oldest  deed  of  record 
for  M.  E.  Church  land  in  the  county  is  dated  September  15th, 
1787,  ''between  Moses  LeCompte  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  of 
the  one  part,  and  Benjamin  Keene,  Jr.,  William  Geoghegan, 
Thomas  Hooper,  John  Ashcom  Travers,  Peter  Harrington, 
John  Aaron,  John  Geoghegan,  John  Robson  and  Isaac 
Creighton,  Trustees,  to  take  the  care  and  management  of 
the  chapel  lately  built  on  Taylors,  (for  the  use  of  the  minis- 
ters, belonging  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,)  all  of 
Dorchester  County,  aforesaid." 

The  consideration  was  twenty  shillings  for  one-half  acre 
of  land,  part  of  a  tract  called  "Patrick's  Progress"  adjoining 
the  lands  of  Richard  Pattison,  "The  trustees  and  their  suc- 
cessors shall  take  the  care  and  management  of  the  said 
Chapel,  *  *  *  and  shall  at  all  times  permit  such 
persons  as  shall  be  appointed,  at  the  yearly  Conference  of  the 
Methodists  held  in  America,  to  preach  and  expound  God's 


•  «•   .» 


•      • 


•  -• 


\       I       •        I. 
*      •■       «. 
Il  1 


EARLY    METHODISM  133 

Holy  Word  in,  and  no  others,  to  have  and  enjoy  the  said 
premises  for  the  purpose  aforesaid,  and  for  no  other  use  or 
purpose."  A  further  provision  was,  the  Board  of  Trustees 
could  fill  all  vacancies  that  occurred  in  the  Board,  so  as  to 
keep  the  number  of  nine  Trustees  forever  in  succession. 

The  next  deed  for  M.  E.  Church  use  is  dated  April  13, 
1790,  from  Thomas  Hill  Airey  and  Mary  his  wife  to  John 
Pitt,  William  Pitt,  Gardiner  Bruffit,  Jonathan  Partridge, 
David  Mills,  William  Tucker,  Henry  Hooper,  Ezekiel  Vick- 
ars  and  Henry  Ennalls,  consideration  five  shillings,  for  one- 
half  acre  of  land  called  "Pilgrimage,"  lying  on  the  road  lead- 
ing from  Cambridge  to  Middletown,  One  provision  of  the 
deed  is  as  fcrflows:  "*  *  *  Provided  that  the  said  per- 
sons preach  no  other  doctrine  than  is  contained  in  Mr.  John 
Wesley's  notes  upon  the  New  Testament,  and  four  volumes 
of  sermons." 

Rev.  Francis  Asbury,  the  greatest  Methodist  missionary 
that  ever  traveled  in  America,  frequently  preached  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  Peninsula,  but  did  not  go  to  Dorchester  until 
October,  1784.  When  in  Cambridge  he  preached  to  a  large 
congregation,  and  ministered  to  a  poor  colored  man,  under 
sentence  to  be  executed  for  theft.  On  the  20th  he  went  to 
Taylor's  Island.  He  says,  **We  had  a  profitable  season  there." 
The  next  day  he  went  to  "Todds,"  Todd's  Chapel,  in  Lakes 
district;  now  called  "Ebenezer."  He  says,  *1  found  a  warm' 
I>eople,  indeed.     I  injured  myself  by  speaking  too  loud. 

"Saturday,  23.  Rode  thirty  miles  to  Mr.  Airy's,  preaching 
by  the  way.  We  had  a  great  time — multitudes  attended. 
Dorset  is  now  in  peace,  and  the  furies  are  still." 

Not  until  1799  did  Bishop  Asbury  again  visit  Dorchester. 
On  May  17  he  attended  a  quarterly  meeting  at  Cambridge, 
which  was  held  in  a  bam.  He  stopped  with  Henry  Ennalls 
as  he  came  to  Cambridge,  and  with  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  on 
his  way  to  Vienna.  He  mentions  one  Cambridge  citizen  as 
follows :  "I  rejoiced  that  Doctor  Edward  White  was  stand- 
ing firm  in  the  grace  of  God ;  and  that  the  Lord  had  blessed 
the  souls  of  his  children."     His  next  visit  to  the  county  and 


134  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Cambridge  was  in  April,  1802;  on  Saturday,  stopped  with 
Henry  Ennalls,  where  he  preached,  on  Sunday,  the  18th.  He 
says,  "We  had  a  full  house  at  Cambridge.  Our  new  ChapeP 
is  two  stories;  well  planned,  and  neatly  finished.  After  exhor- 
tations and  sacrament.  Bishop  Whatcoat  preached.  Meeting 
ended,  we  rode  fourteen  miles  through  the  rain  to  B.  En- 
nalls." The  homes  of  the  Ennalls  families,  were  evidently 
favorite  places  for  traveling  ministers  to  temi>orarily  abide. 

Bishop  Asbury's  final  visit  to  Dorchester  County,  was  in 
April,  18 10.  It  is  well  to  quote  him  here.  "On  Monday, 
16,  I  preached  ait  Ennalls'  Chapel,  dined  at  the  Widowt 
Ennalls,  rode  on  twelve  miles  to  Cambridge,  and  lodged  with 
Dr.  White.  Tuesday  I  gave  them  a  discourse  in  Cambridge. 
Called  upon  G.  Ward,  and  rode  forward  to  Thomas  Foster's 
pleasant  cdpttage.  On  Wednesday,  I  had  a  meeting  at  Wash- 
ington Chapel;  it  was  a  quiet,  solemn  and  feeling  time.  I 
met  the  Society  to  my  great  joy;  they  are  faithful." 

Six  years  later  Mr.  Asbury  ceased  his  arduous  Christian 
work,  dying  in  Virginia,  in  1816. 

The  five  little  Methodist  societies  organized  at  private 
family  homes  in  Dorchester  County,  in  1780,  are  now  repre- 
sented by  fifty  imposing  church  edifices,  sustained  by  fifty 
influential  cong^regations  of  white  i>eople,  and  by  twenty-two 
churches  for  colored  people,  with  very  creditable  foUowings.' 

Rev.  Henry  Boehm,  author  of  "Boehm's  Reminiscences," 
was  assigned  by  the  Philadelphia  Conference,  to  Dorchester 
Circuit  in  1800.  This  was  his  first  appointment.  He  says, 
"With  weakness,  fear,  and  much  trembling,  I  entered  ujxmi 
my  new  field  of  labor  and  beg^n  to  cultivate  Immanuel's  land. 
The  arrival  of  a  new  preacher,  a  German  youth  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  soon  noised  abroad,  and  this  called  out  many  to 
see  and  hear.  *  *  *  For  two  months  I  suffered  pow- 
erful temptations  to  abandon  my  work  and  return  home," 

'This  chapel  was  built  on  Church  Street  nearly  opposite  the  residence  of 
Wm.  F.  Drain. 

•The  books  used  for  reference  in  the  above  church  narrative  are, 
"Freeborn  Garrettson's  Journal,"  "Asbury's  Journals,"  3  vols.,  "Boehm's 
Reminiscences,"  and  "Methodism  in  America." 


I 

r 


BAPTIST  CHURCHES  135 

Mrs.  Ennalls,  who  was  a  Goldsborough,  the  wife  of  Henry, 
Ennalls,  discovered  his  depression,  and  urged  him  to  con- 
tinue in  his  work,  and  this  encouragement  kept  him  in  the 
ministry.  He  writes  kindly  of  Mrs.  Ennalls,  and  says  after 
the  death  of  Mr.  Ennalls,  she  married  Robert  Carmann  erf 
Pipe  Creek." 

While  on  this  circuit  Mr.  Boehm  collected  the  names  of  all 
the  Methodist  classes  and  their  members;  in  later  years  an 
interesting  record  to  him,  which  "would  be  still  more  so  if 
we  knew  the  destiny  of  each,"  he  says:  "Among  the  names 
I  find  on  the  class-book  in  Cambridge,  are  Dr.  Edward  White, 
Mary  Ann  White,  his  wife,  and  Eliza  White,  Sarah  White, 
and  Mary  White,  his  three  daughters.  *  *  *  Here 
resided  Dr.  Edward  White,  who  helped  to  give  tone  and  char- 
acter to  Methodism." 

M.  E.  CHURCH  BRANCHES. 

Two  offsprings  of  Wesleyan  Methodism — ^the  Methodist 
Protestant,  and  Methodist  Episdopal  Church  South — are 
flourishing  denominations  in  Dorchester  County;  the  former 
has  thirteen  modem  churches,  well  supplied  with  able  minis- 
ters, and  zealously  sustained  by  influential  communities.  The 
latter  has  eight  attractive  and  commodious  churches,  whose 
pulpits  are  ever  filled  by  a  refined  and  cultured  ministry  that 
attract  large  and  intelligent  audiences  for  the  extension  of 
Christianity  and  church  prosperity. 

The  history  of  the  organization  of  the  Methodist  Protest- 
ant Church,  and  the  M.  E.  Church  South,  by  the  withdrawal 
of  the  members  and  church  cong^regations  from  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  is  so  well  known  that  no  reference  is 
required  here. 

BAPTIST  CHURCHES. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Cambridge  is  the  outgrowth 
of  efforts  made  from  time  to  time  by  several  missionaries. 
In  1881  a  hall  was  rented  and  in  it  preaching  established. 
The  comer-stone  of  the  present  church  was  laid  July  23, 


136  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

1884,  and  in  the  same  year  the  building  was  constructed, 
and  dedicated  November  the  2d.  It  has  a  seating  capacity 
for  about  four  hundred  worshipers,  and  is  an  ornament  to 
that  part  of  the  town  in  which  it  is  situated.  The  present 
membership  is  about  one  hundred,  and  the  pastor  is  Rev. 
W.  S.  B.  Ford,  of  South  Carolina- 
There  are  two  other  missionary  Baptist  churches  in  the 
county,  one  at  East  New  Market  and  one  at  Vienna.  The 
latter  was  organized  in  1850. 


:  ^-r.  .-  ^ 


Old  Burying  Grounds. 
CHAPTER  XVI. 

The  oldest  marked  graves  now  known  of  in  Dorchester 
County  are  on  the  Huffington  Farm,  a  few  miles  from  Cam- 
bridge, where  there  are  three,  each  covered  with  marble 
slabs  about  level  with  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Two  of 
them,  after  having  lain  there  218  years,  are  well  preserved 
with  legible  inscriptions.  On  one  is  the  following:  "Here 
Lyeth  Interred  The  Body  of  Magdelen  Stevens,  who 
departed  this  life,  Nov.  24,  Anno  Dom.  1679."  O^  another: 
"Here  Lyeth  Interred  The  Body  of  William  Stevens,  who 
departed  this  life,  December,  Anno  Dom.  1684." 

On  another  tomb  beside  these  two  is  a  flaked  and  broken 
slab,  indicating  greater  age,  on  which  no  legible  words  can 
be  found,  owing  to  its  decayed  condition. 

PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH  CEMETERY, 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  that  stands  in  the 
comer  of  the  cemetery  lot,  casts  its  morning  shadows  over 
an  arc  of  hallowed  ground,  the  tenanted  home  of  departed 
Hundreds,  whom  the  "Death  Angel"  hath  gathered,  some 
untimely,  within  the  last  200  years.  In  this  little  city  of  the 
dead  many  precious  emblems  have  been  placed  by  the  ten- 
derest  love  of  the  living  in  their  day,  in  devoted  remembrance 
of  life's  sweetest  associations  in  the  past,  with  those  who 
there  repose  in  the  earthly  chambers  of  death. 

About  this  old  cemetery  and  its  early  environs,  the  stately 
ancient  brick  wall,  and  old  iron  gates,  oft  left  "ajar,"  where 
the  wintry  night  winds  moan  their  sad  requiems  in  the  barren 
boughs  of  leafless  trees,  and  the  pale  moonbeams  fall  on 


138  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

many  marble  sentinels  keeping  their  constant  vigil  over  the 
mortal  remains  of  departed  spirits,  there  is  a  feeling  of  solem- 
nity, and  pedestrians  reverentially  tread  as  they  pass  that  way. 

Many  of  the  oldest  graves  in  this  churchyard  are  not 
marked  with  inscribed  tablets  or  monuments  of  stone  to 
denote  who  were  there  buried. 

Among  the  old  memorials  we  find  the  following: 


"Here  lies  the  body  of  Sarah,  the  wife  of  Doct.  Wm.  M. 
Murray,  who  departed  this  life  Nov.  19,  1742." 


"Here  lies  the  body  of  Major  Thomas  Nevitt,  who 
departed  this  life  the  loth  day  of  February,  Annoque  Domini 
1748-9,  aged  sixty-four  years  and  six  months." 


"There's  a  gloomy  vale  between  us, 
Pass  through,  I'm  gone  before. 


$f 


"John  Rider  Nevitt,  unfortunately  drowned  in  the  river 
Choptank  on  the  13th  of  April,  1772." 


"In  memory  of  John  Murray,  Attorney  at  Law,  Son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Frances  Murray  of  Somerset  County.  He  died  on 
the  13th  day  of  April,  1772,  in  the  31  year  of  his  age," 

On  one  tomb  are  two  memorial  inscriptions,  as  follow : 

"In  memory  of  Mrs.  Willamina  Goldsborough,  wife  of 
Charles  Goldsborough,  Daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Smith 
of  Philadelphia. 

"Died  Dec.  19,  1790,  aged  28  years." 

Also: 

"To  the  memory  of  Willamina  Elizabeth  Goldsborough. 
Her  mournful  parents  inscribe  this  tablet. 

"Called  from  this  mortal  scene  in  bloom  of  life, 
Here  lies  a  much  loved  daughter,  mother,  wife, 
To  whom  each  grace  and  excellence  were  given, 
A  Saint  on  Earth,  an  Angel  now  in  Heaven." 


OLD  BURYING  GROUNDS  I39 

FAMILY  BURYING  GROUND  IN  LAKES,  FARM 

"KEENE'S  DELIGHT." 

"In  Memory  of  Matthew  Keene,  Esq.,  who  was  born  Jan. 
1st,  1763,  and  departed  this  life  Oct.  22,  1814,  in  the  57  year 
of  his  age. 

"Long"  will  the  affections  of  an  amiable  and  virtuous 
Father  live  in  the  bleeding  hearts  of  his  disconsolate 
children." 

"In  memory  of  Sallie  Keene,  consort  of  Matthew  Keene, 
Esq.  who  departed  this  life  in  the  47  year  of  her  life,  Dec.  4, 
1804." 

"In  memory  of  John  Keene,  died  Jan.  8,  1812,  76  year  of 
his " 

"In  memory  of  Catherine,  wife  of  John  Keene,  who  was 
bom  Nov.  1784;  departed  this  life  in  1856." 


M.  E.  CHURCH  CEMETERY,  CAMBRIDGE. 

"In  memory  of  David  Straughn  bom  April  15,  1800 — Died 
March  14,  1869." 

"Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Edward  White  who  de- 
parted this  life  the  27th  March  1826  in  the  72nd  year  of  his 
age. 

"It  may  truly  be  said  of  this  grezt  and  good  man  that  he 
lived  respected  and  died  lamented  not  only  by  his  near  rela- 
tives, but  by  all  who  knew  his  worth. 

**Those  virtues  which  adorn  the  man  of  firm  friendship, 
stem  integrity  and  genuine  Christianity  were  exemplified  in 
an  eminent  degree  during  the  whole  of  his  long  and  useful 
life. 

"Early  in  life  when  the  Declaration  of  1776  was  read,  sum- 
moning the  patriots  to  arms  in  defence  of  our  most  sacred 


I40  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

rights  he  stepped  forward  and  the  day  we  continue  to  cele- 
brate he  was  a  soldier  equipped  at  his  own  personal  exi>ense. 

"For  nearly  thirty  years  he  has  been  an  experimental  and 
practical  Christian,  his  house  a  home  for  ministers  of  the 
Gospel  and  his  liberal  hand  always  ready  to  contribute  to 
their  support. 

"The  poor  partook  eagerly  of  his  benevolence  and  the 
afflicted  had  the  benefit  of  his  medical  skill  (when  poor,  with- 
out fee  or  reward     *     *     )." 

"Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Mary  White,  relict  of  the 
late  Doctor  Edw.  White,  who  departed  this  life,  Sept.  27 — 
A.  D. — 1833 — in  the  70th  year  of  her  age/* 

"In  memory  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Warfield — daughter  of  Dr. 
Edward  White  who  departed  this  life  Dec.  the  Sth  18 —  aged 
35  years." 

'^Dr.  Francis  P.  Phelps,  bom  Jan.  31,  1799 — ^Died  Nov. 
18,  1886." 

On  the  Mitchell  farm  near  Comer's  Ville,  a  grave  stone  has 
this  inscription : 


"John  l^itchell,  Senr.  Departed  this  life  in  1815,  in  the 
io6th  year  of  his  age." 


Elections  and  Political  History. 

CHAPTER  XVn. 

ELECTIONS— VOTING  QUALIFICATIONS — METHOD  OF  VOTING — ELECTION  DIS- 
TRICTS— JUDGES  OF  ELECTION— DIVISION  OF  COUNTY  INTO  HUNDREDS 
— DIVISION  INTO  ADDITIONAL  DISTRICTS— POLITICAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
COUNTY. 

From  1687  to  1800  all  elections  for  county  officers  in 
Dorchester  County  and  members  of  the  Assembly  of  Mary- 
land were  held  at  Cambridge,  and  every  voter  who  had  the 
required  qualifications,  fifty  acres  of  land,  or  forty  pounds 
Sterling  in  money  or  personal  property,  who  decided  to  vote 
was  obliged  to  go  there  to  exercise  his  rights,  not  by  casting 
a  ballot  but  viva  voce;  that  is,  the  voters  told  the  Judge  or 
Judges  of  the  election  the  names  of  the  persons  for  whom 
they  proposed  to  vote.  Tlie  Sheriff  of  the  county  was  then 
Judge  of  the  election  and  made  the  official  returns  of  the 
result.  At  some  period  of  the  112  years  of  this  method  of 
elections,  the  polls  were  kept  open  four  days  in  succession 
for  the  convenience  of  voters  who  lived  in  remote  parts  of  the 
county;  for  instance,  in  the  locality  of  places  now  known  as 
Denton,  Hillsborough  and  Greensborough. 

In  1799  a  Commission  w^as  appointed  to  divide  the  county 
into  Election  Districts,  likely  for  the  convenience  of  the 
voters.  The  divisions  made  by  the  Commissioners  were 
outlined  and  defined  as  follows : 

**A11  that  part  of  the  county  laying  to  the  Eastward  of  the 
following  lines,  to  wit :  Beginning  at  the  Mouth  of  Chica- 
nacomico  River  and  up  said  river  to  the  head  thereof,  as  has 
been  laid  off  heretofore,  till  it  intersects  the  main  road  by 
Mrs.  Minor's,  thence  with  that  road  to  Mr.  Henry  Dickin- 
son's on  the  head  of  Secretary  Creek,  including  New  Mar- 
ket with  the  dwelling  house  of  Mr.  James  Sulivane,  together 


142  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

with  the  dwelHng  house  of  said  Henry  Dickinson,  and  the 
several  islands  heretofore  laid  off  and  belonging  to  said  disr- 
trict,  to  wit:  Elliott's  Island  and  the  adjacent  islands  to 
compose  the  first  district  and  the  place  of  holding  the  elec- 
tion in  said  district  at  the  plantation  of  John  Reed,  Esquire, 
called  Reeds  Grove. 

"All  that  part  of  the  said  county  that  lyeth  to  the  South- 
ward and  Westward  of  the  following  lines,  to  wit :  Beginning 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Choptank  River  and  running  up 
the  same  to  the  mouth  of  Fishing  Creek,  then  up  said  creek 
to  the  mouth  of  Church  Creek,  then  up  Church  Creek  to  the 
head  thereof  to  the  house  formerly  occupied  by  Capt.  Nathan 
Wright,  from  thence  down  the  Black  Water  road  to  the  new 
road  made  by  John  Williams  and  Thomas  Colsten,  and  with 
that  road  to  Black  Water  River  near  William  Reed's  plan- 
tation, then  down  said  river  to  the  mouth  thereof,  includ- 
ing all  the  islands  heretofore  laid  off  for  said  district,  to  wit : 
Hopkins  Island  and  adjacent  islands  to  compose  the  second 
district  and  the  place  of  holding  the  election  in  said  district 
at  the  dwelling  house  of  Jacob  Todd,  hereafter  to  be  known 
by  the  name  of  Toddsville. 

"All  that  part  of  Dorchester  County  not  included  in  the 
first  and  second  districts  to  compose  the  third  district,  and 
the  place  of  holding  election  in  said  district  at  Cambridge 
in  the  Court  House. 

"April  8,  1800. 

(Seal.)  Moses  LeCompte. 

(Seal.)  Rob.  Dennis. 

(Seal.)  Wm.  M.  Robertson. 

(Seal.)  Sam.  Hooper. 

(Seal.)  E.  Richardson." 

FIRST  DIVISION  OF  THE  COUNTY  INTO 

HUNDREDS. 

The  first  political  divisions  of  Dorchester  County  were 
hundreds,  of  which  there  is  no  official  record  to  be  found 


COUNTY  DIVIDED  INTO  DISTRICTS  I43 

of  their  boundary  lines,  but  the  locations  of  the  hundreds 
are  recognizable  by  their  names.  They  were  laid  out  prior 
to  1689,  when  there  were  few  roads  through  the  vast  forests 
which  were  only  Iwunded  by  creeks,  streams  and  other  bodies 
of  water. 
The  names  of  the  hundreds  were : 

1.  Great  Choptank  Hundred. 

2.  Nanticoke  Hundred. 

3.  Transquaking  Hundred. 

4.  Fishing  Creek  Hundred. 

5.  Little  Choptank  Hundred. 

6.  Hermitage  (or  Armitage)  Hundred. 

7.  Straits  Hundred. 

8.  Cambridge  Hundred. 

These  divisions  of  the  county  were  recognized  in  the 
appointment  of  constables,  road  overseers  and  other  district 
ofiicials,  but  were  not  election  districts.  They  were  retained 
as  county  divisions  until  1829  when  the  county  was  divided 
into  eight  election  districts  herein  named. 

COUNTY  DIVIDED  INTO   EIGHT  DISTRICTS. 

In  1829  a  commission  was  appointed  by  Act  of  the  Assem- 
bly of  Maryland  that  divided  the  county  into  eight  election 
districts,  namely:  Fork,  East  New  Market,  Vienna,  Par- 
son's Creek,  Lakes,  Hooper's  Island,  Cambridge  and  Neck. 
Since  then  at  different  times  some  districts  have  been  divided 
or  subdivided  and  new  ones  made  until  sixteen  election  dis- 
tricts have  been  laid  out,  two  of  which  have  been  divided  into 
precincts,  viz:  Cambridge  into  four  precincts  and  Straits 
three. 

From  1773  to  1880  the  division  line  between  Dorchester 
and  Caroline  Counties  extended  along  the  roads  and  streets 
that  then  divided  the  town  of  Federalsburg  into  two  civil 
divisions,  which  was  detrimental  to  its  municipal  growth.  In 
1880  every  voter,  seventy  in  number,  that  lived  in  the  part  of 
the  town  lying  in  Dorchester  County,  petitioned  the  Legisla- 


144  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

ture  to  change  the  boundary  line  and  transfer  the  part  of  the 
town  and  suburbs  then  laid  oflF  in  Dorchester  County  to 
Caroline  County,  which  was  authorized  and  accordingly 
transferred.  By  that  transfer,  Dorchester  County  lost  about 
three  hundred  inhabitants  and  fifty  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  taxable  property.  The  taxpayers  thus  transferred  paid 
$614  to  Dorchester  County,  their  proportion  of  the  bonded 
debt  of  the  county. 

POLITICAL    HISTORY   OF    DORCHESTER 

COUNTY. 

Before  Dorchester  County  was  organized  in  1669,  the  peo- 
ple in  colonial  Maryland  had  formed,  at  least,  two  political 
parties,  based  partly  on  the  Whig  and  Tory  principles  of 
England,  but  largely  on  religious  creeds,  which  were  so 
radically  conflicting  at  that  period  as  to  excite  at  times 
intense  prejudice,  persecution  and  violence  in  one  of  the 
ruling  parties  of  the  province  when  in  official  control. 

In  the  Protestant  Revolution  of  1689,  the  people  in  the 
county  seem  to  have  been  passive  and  to  have  readily 
submitted  to  the  rule  of  the  Revolutionists  and  to  the 
establishment  of  royal  control  without  noticeable  dis- 
sent, probably  because  the  great  majority  of  them  were 
Protestants.  This  political  change  brought  no  good  times 
to  Marylanders,  and  when  the  royal  governors  and  council, 
with  the  radical  Assemblies  laid  heavy  taxes  for  use 
of  the  King's  officers,  provincial  expenses,  and  "forty  pounds 
per  poir*  for  church  support  with  compulsory  attendance 
at  church  on  the  Sabbath,  and  adopted  other  restrictive 
measures  that  would  not  permit  Catholics  to  hold  either 
public  or  private  religious  worship  or  have  schools  for  their 
children  at  home  or  send  them  abroad  to  be  educated,  a  wide- 
spread opposition  arose  to  the  King's  rule,  which  found  only 
partial  redress  after  twenty-four  years'  forbearance,  when  the 
Proprietary  government  was  reestablished  in  1715.  This 
relief  that  gradually  came  before  the  Revolution  of  '76  was 


POLITICAL  PARTIES  145 

counteracted  by  other  difficulties  that  involved  political  dif- 
ferences. As  the  colonists  had  been  heavily  taxed  under  the 
rule  of  royalty,  they  were  not  disposed  to  levy  large  amounts 
for  the  use  of  the  Proprietary  and  his  salaried  officials  in 
the  province.  Thus  the  adherents  of  the  Proprietary  and  his 
council  on  one  side  and  the  people  who  chose  the  Assemblies 
on  the  other  side,  constituted  two  distinct  parties  in  each 
county.  For  forty  years  of  this  period  the  Dorchester  Dele- 
gates elected  to  the  Assemblies  (among  whom  were  Henry 
Hooper,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Jr.,  Thomas  Woolford, 
Daniel  Sulivane,  Henry  Travers,  Philemon  LeCompte  and 
many  other  prominent  members)  firmly  opposed  Proprie- 
tary aggressions  and  g^dually  gained,  concessions  of  advan- 
tage to  the  people.  English  restrictions  on  colonial  trade 
also  became  so  intolerant  that  local  differences  over  home 
affairs  faded  into  insignificance  before  graver  dangers  that 
threatened  the  destruction  of  sacred  rights  belonging  to 
Maryland  colonists. 

Though  this  overwhelming  sentiment  against  coercion 
by  England  was  so  strong,  yet  there  existed  weak  factions  of 
opposition  in  every  county,  Dorchester  not  excepted,  that 
were  derisively  called  Tories  during  and  after  the  Revolution. 

Some  Tories  in  Dorchester  County  were  arrested  while  the 
war  was  being  waged  and  were  obliged  to  take  the  oath  of 
allegiance  to  the  State,  or  be  held  as  political  prisoners 
whose  sympathies  and  conduct  gave  support  to  England, 
and  who  endangered  American  independence. 

Prominent  Tories  were  obliged  to  leave  the  county  and 
country  during  or  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

Throughout  the  Revolution  there  was  practically  but  one 
political  party  in  the  county  and  State,  but  after  the  restora- 
tion of  peace  and  plans  for  a  Federal  government  were  dis^ 
cussed,  different  opinions  on  a  matter  of  such  vital  interest 
to  the  people,  developed  two  parties,  "Federalists''  and 
"Anti-Federalists."  The  first  favored  and  the  latter  opposed 
the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution.     Just  here  it  is 


146  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

quite  appropriate  to  say  that  the  i>eople  of  Dorchester 
County  were  not  all  absolute  followers  of  distinguished 
leaders  elsewhere,  but  that  notable  men  of  influence  repre- 
sented the  county  and  prominently  helped  to  construct  our 
union  of  States  under  the  Federal  Constitution.  After  its 
adoption  in  1788  and  the  nomination  of  George  Washington 
for  President,  the  Anti-FederaHsts  were  left  without  an  issue 
on  which  to  base  an  oppK)sition.  This  fact  well  explains  how 
the  vote  of  Dorchester  was  cast  at  that  election.  Then  Wash- 
ington, Jefferson,  Madison  and  Randolph  were  all  Federalists, 
but  the  party  policy  then  adopted  by  Hamilton  and  other 
leaders  in  regard  to  national  finances  and  the  centralizing  ten- 
dency of  the  powers  of  the  general  government  as  then  admin- 
istered aroused  the  opposition  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  Madison 
and  Randolph,  who  organized  the  "Republican"  party.  Their 
policy,  influenced  and  equally  divided  the  electoral  vote  of 
Maryland  in  1800,  giving  Adams  and  Pinkney  five  votes 
and  Jefferson  and  Burr  five,  though  the  Dorchester  and  Car- 
oline Elector,  Mr.  Robinson,  a  Federalist,  was  elected.  Party 
leaders  in  the  county  who  followed  the  Hon.  John  Henry, 
who  had  served  in  the  Continental  Congress,  United  States 
Senate  and  who  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  November 
13,  1797,  still  kept  the  county  under  Federal  control. 

HOW  DORCHESTER  VOTED  AND  WHO  WERE 

ELECTED  IN  THOSE  DAYS. 

It  may  interest  some  pK)litician  to  discover  that  party  men 
could  change  their  political  course  a  hundred  years  ago, 
when  policies  justified  it,  as  readily  as  men  do  now  for  vari- 
ous causes. 

From  the  Baltimore  American  and  Federal  Gazette,  some 
election  returns  from  Dorchester  County  about  that  period 
are  here  in  part  given  (unoHicially) : 

In  1802  Solomon  Frazier,  Isaac  Steele,  Chas.  Golds- 
borough,  and  Mathew  Keene,  all  Federalists,  were  elected 


CANDIDATES   FOR  OFFICE  I47 

Delegates  to  the  General  Assembly.     At  this  session  James 
Murray  was  a  candidate  before  the  Assembly  for  Governor. 

In  1803  Goldsborough,  Frazier,  Keene,  and  Josiah  Bayly, 
all  Federahsts,  were  chosen  for  the  Assembly. 


HUNGRY  APPLICANTS  FOR  OFFICE  IN  THE 
COUNTY  NINETY-NINE  YEARS  AGO. 

In  1803  there  was  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  Register  of 
Wills  in  Dorchester  County,  to  be  filled  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  Maryland.  The  following  named  gentlemen 
were  candidates  before  the  Senate  and  House:  George 
Ward,  Ezekiel  Richardson,  John  E.  Gist,  Samuel  Brown, 
Howes  Goldsborough,  John  Murray,  John  Craig,  James  B. 
Sullivan,  Wm.  W.  Eccleston,  John  Crapper  and  Daniel 
McDonnell.  On  November  the  25th,  John  Crapper  was 
elected,  receiving  44  votes.  Ezekiel  Richardson,  who  was 
next  highest,  received  31  votes. 

In  1804  Solomon  Frazier,  Josiah  Bayly,  Federalists,  and 
Joseph  Ennalls  and  John  Eccleston,  claimed  as  Federalists, 
were  elected  Delegates. 

In  1805  Frazier,  Ennalls,  George  Ward,  and  John  Smoot 
represented  the  county  in  the  Assembly. 

In  1806  Frazier,  Ward,  Smoot,  and  Robert  Dennis  were 
the  Delegates.  Hon.  Charles  Goldsborough  was  elected 
to  Congress,  the  vote  in  the  district  being,  Charles  Golds- 
borough, Federalist,  3143;  Philip  Quinton,  Republican, 
1366.  In  Dorchester,  Goldsborough  received  1680  votes 
and  Quinton  59  votes. 

In  1807  Dennis,  Ennalls,  Frazier  and  Hugh  Henry  were 
elected  Members  of  the  House. 

In  1808  Ennalls,  Frazier,  Dennis  and  Edward  Griffith 
were  the  Delegates;  Ennalls  being  Republican,  the  others 
Federalists.  Smoot,  a  Republican,  lost  his  election  by  the 
rejection  of  one  or  two  votes. 

In  1809  Benjamin  W.  LeCompte,  Edward  Griffith,  Solo- 
mon Frazier,  Michael  Lucas,  Federalists,  were  elected  by 


148  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

200  majority  over  the  Republicans,  patriots  as  well  as  politi- 
cians, Frederick  Bennett,  John  Smoot  and  others. 

In  1810  Delegates  Frederick  Bennett,  Washington 
Eccleston,  Republicans;  Solomon  Frazier  and  John  Stewart, 
Federalists,  were  the  people's  choice. 

In  181 1  Joseph  Ennalls,  Frederick  Bennett  and  John 
Smoot  were  the  Democrats  elected  under  a  new  party  name 
and  Edward  Griffith,  a  Federalist. 

In  181 1  the  following  resolution  was  adopted  by  the 
House : 

^'Resolved,  That  the  Treasurer  of  the  Western  Shore, 
♦  *  *  pay  annually  in  quarter  payments,  to  Frederick 
Bennett,  of  Dorchester  County,  an  old  revolutionary  soldier, 
the  half-pay  of  a  corporal  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
as  a  remuneration  for  his  meritorious  services." 

1812,  October  6.  Votes  for  Congressmen,  Delegates  aftd 
Sheriff  were : 

Congressmen:  Chas.  Goldsborough,  Federalist,  1197; 
Williams,  Democrat  and  Republican,  729. 

Delegates:  Federalists,  Jno.  Stewart,  1159;  Benj. 
LeCompte,  1156;  Ed.  Griffith,  1125;  Rich.  Tootle,  1154. 
Democrat  and  Republican,  Eccleston,  738;  Geoghegan,  781; 
Waters,  755;  Bennett,  729. 

Sheriff:  Federalist,  Pattison,  1125.  Democrat  and 
Republican,  Harper,  822. 

A  majority  of  the  people  in  Dorchester  were  evidently 
opposed  to  the  War  of  181 2,  as  shown  by  their  vote. 

1813.  Assembly  vote  was: 

Federalists,  Stewart,  11 48;  Griffith,  11 33;  Tootle,  1139; 
LeCompte,  1137. 

Democrat  and  Republican,  Lake,  728;  Waggaman,  718; 
Sanford,  717;  Geoghegan,  706. 

In  1814  the  same  Delegates  were  reelected,  evidently 
Federalists,  namely:  John  Stewart,  Richard  Tootle,  Benj. 
W.  LeCompte  and  Edward  Griffith. 


CANDIDATES  FOR  OFFICE  149 

In  1 815  Robert  Hart,  a  Federalist,  was  elected  in  the  place 
of  Mr,  Tootle. 

1816.  The  Assembly  vote  was : 

Federalists,  Ed.  Griffith,  882;  B.  W.  LeCompte,  889;  R. 
Hart,  886;  T.  Pitt,  890. 

Democrat  and  Republican,  Sol.  Frazier,  555;  J.  Willis,  549; 
L  Lake,  557;  A.  S.  Stanwood,  557. 

1817.  Thos.  Pitt,  B.  W.  I^Compte,  Henry  Keene,  Ed. 
Griffith,  Federalists,  were  Members  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates. 

In  1818,  October  5,  there  was  a  close  vote  for  Delegates,  as 
follows : 

Federalists,  B.  W.  LeCompte,  898;  Thos.  Pitt,  876;  Henry 
Keene,  876;  Edward  Griffith,  865. 

Democrats,  Solomon  Frazier,  890;  Wm.  W.  Eccleston, 
888;  Levin  Lake,  878;  J.  R.  W.  Pitt,  834. 

Charles  Goldsborough  was  elected  Governor  by  the  Leg- 
islature. 

The  vote  cast  for  Assembly  candidates  October  2,  1820, 
was: 

Republican,  Wm.  W.  Eccleston,  1020;  Levin  Lake,  1009; 
Solomon  Frazier,  999;  George  Lake,  998. 

Federalists,  B.  W.  LeCompte,  998;  Michael  Lucas,  988; 
Edward  Griffith,  988;  Daniel  Jackson,  962. 

There  was  a  tie  vote  between  George  Lake  and  B.  W. 
LeCompte. 

The  Assembly  vote  for  Governor  at  this  session  was  48 
for  Samuel  Spriggs  and  46  for  Charles  Goldsborough. 

1824,  October  4.  Jackson  Elector,  Josiah  Bayly.  For 
John  Q.  Adams,  Daniel  Martin. 

House  of  Delegates  elected : 

Jno.  N.  Steele,  1018  votes;  Thos.  L.  H.  Eccleston,  944 


Note. — At  the  election  of  1818  soldiers  from  Fort  McHenry  and  marines 
from  a  U.  S.  Frigate  were  marched  in  squads  to  the  polls  in  Baltimore  and 
voted,  though  they  were  mostly  non-residents.  Only  one  soldier  is  said 
to  have  voted  the  Democratic  ticket,  still  the  Federal  ticket  was  beaten  in 
the  city.    See  American, 


150  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

votes;  Mathias  Travers,  891  votes;  Dr.  Daniel  Sulivane,  957 
votes. 

Sheriff,  Thos.  H.  Hicks,  1053  votes. 

As  the  years  passed,  party  names  were  changed  for  local 
effect.  In  182 1  tickets  were  headed  "National  Republican" 
by  one  party  and  by  the  other  "Jackson."  In  1823  the 
word  "Federalist"  was  again  used.  In  1827  the  "Adminis- 
tration" ticket  for  the  Assembly  elected  three  Delegates, 
J.  F.  Williams,  George  Lake  and  B.  J.  Goldsborough;  and  on 
the  "Jackson"  ticket,  John  Douglass. 

In  1828  it  was  this  way : 

"Adams"  Delegates,  Francis  E.  Phelps,  Thomas  Eccleston, 
Martin  Wright,  elected;  "Jackson"  Delegate,  Mathew  Hard- 
castle,  elected. 

October  5,  1829,  the  vote  for  House  Members  was: 

"Anti-Jackson,"  John  N.  Steele,  913*;  Brice  J.  Golds- 
borough,  913*;  Thos.  H.  Hicks,  863*;  Matthias  Travers,  826. 

"Jackson,"  James  A.  Stewart,  845;  Joseph  Ennalls,  800; 
Mathew  Hardcastle,  885*;  Henry  C.  Elbert,  832. 

In  1830  the  "Anti-Jackson"  ticket  was  elected  by  the  vote 
here  given : 

Assembly  Delegates: 

"Anti-Jackson,"  Thos.  H.  Hicks,  1126;  Benj.  G.  Keene, 
1 126;  Jno.  N.  Steele,  11 12;  Martin  L.  Wright,  1094. 

"Jackson,"  Jas.  A.  Stewart,  1009;  M.  Hardcastle,  916; 
Smart,  828;  Goldsborough,  809. 

At  the  election,  held  October  i,  1832,  Jno.  N.  Steele,  Clay 
Elector,  received  958  votes,  and  James  A.  Stewart,  the 
Jackson  Elector,  668. 

In  1833,  October  7,  the  Congressional  vote  in  the  county 
was  963  for  Jas.  A.  Stewart  and  857  for  L.  P.  Dennis,  who  was 
elected  to  Congress  by  200  majority. 


♦Elected. 

Note, — It  has  not  been  nor  will  it  be  the  author's  intention  to  express 
his  private  opinion  on  National  or  State  Administrations  in  order  to  show 
what  effect  or  influence  they  may  have  had  on  the  politics  of  the  people  in 
Dorchester  County  at  any  period. 


THE  LEGISLATURE  I5I 

LEGISLATIVE  TICKETS. 

"National  Republican,"  M.  L.  Wright,  934;  J.  F.  Eccles- 
ton,  830;  Robert  Griffith,  1028. 
"Nominated  Ticket,"  J.  Nichols,  886;  H.  L.  McNamare, 

949- 
For  the  last  eight  or  ten  years  prior  to  1836  the  average 

Whig  majorities  had  been  about  1500  in  the  State  of  Mary- 
land, which  went  for  Harrison  that  year  by  3684  majority. 

The  vote  in  Dorchester  for  Delegates  and  Sheriflf  was : 

Delegates:  Whig,  T  H.  Hicks,  1085;  J.  Q.  H.  Eccles- 
ton,  1065;  B.  G.  Keene,  1071;  Wm.  Folengin,  1142. 

Van  Buren,  John  Rowens,  831 ;  Rich.  Pattison,  829;  Henry 
Keene,  842;  L.  D.  Travers,  823. 

Sheriff:     Whig,  James  Waddell,  iioi. 

Van  Buren,  Henry  Cook,  834. 

In  1839,  October  2,  the  Congressional  vote  in  the  county 
gave  Dennis,  a  Whig,  170  majority  over  Jas.  A.  Stewart,  a 
Van  Buren  Democrat. 

In  1840  the  Whig  Delegates  received,  by  districts,  the 
fallowing  vote : 

Jacobs.        Keene.        Frazier.        Tall. 

Fork  62  52  52  52 

East  New  Market    165  146  147  140 

Vienna    140  141  143  140 

Parson's  Creek  91  94  93  96 

Lakes  262  262  262  262 

Hooper's  Island   62  62  61  61 

Cambridge 253  265  252  251 

Neck    95  98  103  97 

In  the  House  of  Delegates  there  were  60  Whigs  and  19 
Van  Burenites;  in  the  Senate,  15  Whigs  and  6  Van  Burenites. 

Cambridge,  Md.,  July  19,  1841. 

The  Whig  Convention  nominated  the  following  ticket: 
For  the  Legislature,  Joseph  R.  Eccleston,  Levin  Richard- 
son, Dr.  Joseph  Nichols  and  Wm.  K.  Travers. 


152  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

County  Commissioners,  John  Newton,  John  Muir  and 
Samuel  Harrington. 

At  the  election,  October  6,  the  vote  was : 

Governor:     Whig,  Johnson,  1142. 

Locofoco,^  Thomas,  816. 

House  of  Delegates:  Whig,  Eccleston,  1165;  Nichols, 
1094;  Travers,  1090;  Richardson,  1092. 

Locofocos,  Jackson,  845;  Cannon,  823;  Hooper,  820; 
Ennalls,  794. 


HENRY  CLAY  FIRST  NAMED  IN  BALTIMORE. 

From  the  Atnerican,  August  25,  1842 : 
'Maryland — Mr.  Qay. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  proceedings  of  the  Whig  State  Con- 
vention, which  are  given  in  detail  in  this  moming^s  American, 
including  the  address  to  the  People  of  Maryland,  that  the 
tried  patriot  and  eminent  Statesman,  Henry  Clay,  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  been  in  the  name  of  the  Whigs  of  Maryland, 
formally  and  unanimously  nominated  for  the  Presidency." 

The  Delegates  to  this  Convention  from  Dorchester 
County  were  J.  C.  Henry,  Joseph  Nichols,  Henry  Page,  W. 
T.  Goldsborough,  John  R.  Keene,  Reuben  Tall,  Henry  L. 
McNamara,  Jacob  Wilson,  Thomas  F.  Eccleston,  James 
Steele,  W.  B.  Chaplain  and  Levin  Keene. 

A  Washington  paper,  the  Washington  True  Whig,  makes 
the  following  comment  or  criticism  on  Maryland  nomina- 
tions: 


***In  the  campaign  of  1840,  in  New  York,  the  'Hard  Money  Demo- 
crats,' who  opposed  chartering  State  banks,  organized  an  *  Equal  Rights' 
party,  called  by  their  opponents  'Locofocos,'  a  name  given  by  the  Whigs 
to  the  entire  Democratic  party  at  that  time.  This  word  was  derived  from 
matches  used  to  relight  a  hall  after  the  lights  had  been  extinguished  by 
their  opponents."  Possibly  the  putting  out  of  lights  at  political  meetings 
was  a  party  trick  quite  annoying  in  New  York  City. 


CANDIDATES  FOR  OFFICE  153 

"It  was  Maryland,  in  1836,  that  first  put  the  names  of  Har- 
rison and  Tyler  together,  and  Maryland  on  Wednesday  last 
led  the  way  in  recording  her  regrets  for  the  deed,  making 
the  only  atonement  possible  in  the  case." 

At  the  State  election,  held  October  5,  the  vote  for  the  Leg- 
islature was: 

Whigs,  Phelps,  912;  Travers,  904;  LeCompte,  886;  Greene, 
867. 

Independent,  Henry,  620;  Woolford,  609;  Abbott,  348. 
Sheriff:    Whig,  Wm.  B.  Dail,  891. 

Independent,  Moore,  717. 

1843,  October  4.  "A  most  unexpected  result  is  realized  in 
this  county,  which  although  decidedly  Whig,  has  elected 
three  Locofoco  Delegates  and  one  Whig."     Vote  as  follows: 

Whig,  F.  P.  Phelps,  914*;  Jos.  Nichols,  896;  L.  Richard- 
son, 859;  J.  B.  Chaplain,  841. 

Locofocos,  Jas.  A.  Stewart,  993*;  John  W.  Dail,  943*; 
Daniel  Cannon,  900;  James  Smith,  885. 

1845,  October.  Delegates:  Whigs,  Boon,  1122;  Eccles- 
ton,  1129;  Frazier,  1121;  Jas.  Smith,  1064. 

Locofocos,  Rowins,  857;  LeCompte,  920;  Pearcy,  888: 
Woolford,  851. 

In  1844  the  Maryland  Assembly  consisted  of  61  Whigs 
and  21  Locofocos. 

In  1845,  43  Whigs  and  39  Locofocos. 

1847,  October  6.     County  vote  for  Governor : 

Whig,  Goldsborough,  1281. 

Locofoco,  Thomas,  864. 

Congress:     Whig,  Crisfield,  1236. 

Locofoco,  LeCompte,  897. 

Assembly:  Whigs,  Keene,  1230;  Chaplain,  1257;  Hodson, 
1262;  Tall,  1226. 

^Elected. 


154  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

* 

Locofoco,  Robertson,  885;  Tuq)in,  881;  Thompson,  883; 
Cornwell,  857. 

House  had:     Whigs,  58;  Locofocos,  24. 

THE  NOMINATION  OF  WM.  T.  GOLDSBOROUGH. 

The  Whig  Convention  that  nominated  Wm.  T.  Golds- 
borough  met  in  Cambridge,  June  17,  1847.  The  Dorchester 
Delegates  were  Capt.  Wm.  Sulivane,  Levin  Keene,  Col.  Jno. 
H.  Hodson,  Reuben  Tall  and  Jas.  A.  Waddell.  "A  church 
festival,  held  that  evening  for  the  benefit  of  a  church,  as 
well  as  a  grand  ball  given  in  the  town  hall  by  the  |>eople, 
were  liberally  patronized.  A  number  of  the  Delegates  were 
invited  to  Mr.  Goldsborough's  hospitable  mansion,  about 
five  miles  below  Cambridge.  As  the  steamer  returned  to 
Baltimore,  the  boat  was  run  near  the  shore  oflF  Mr.  Golds- 
borough's,  and  the  passengers  rent  the  air  with  congratula- 
tions. A  loud  response  from  a  large  company  on  shore 
warmly  reechoed  the  salutation." — American. 

In  1853  a  new  party,  the  American  party,  was  originated 
in  New  York.  Its  leaders  proposed  to  stand  for  universal 
education,  reformation  of  the  naturalization  laws,  protection 
of  American  labor,  liberal  aid  for  river  and  harbor  improve- 
ments, government  aid  and  for  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
not  to  interfere  with  the  use  of  the  Bible  in  pmblic  schools. 
This  party  sentiment  soon  took  effect  in  Maryland  and 
became  a  substitute  for  Whigism.  While  the  Whig  party  was 
disintegrating  on  National  issues,  the  people  in  Dorchester 
County  who  could  not  believe  in  Democratic  principles  were 
slow  to  endorse  the  anti-slavery  leaders  and  Free-Soilers  of 
the  North  and  West.  Being  mostly  Protestants,  they  read- 
ily became  "Know-Nothings"  and  thus  controlled  the  county 
for  a  time. 

At  the  Congressional  election  in  1855  the  vote  in  the 
county  for  Jas.  A.  Stewart,  11 18;  for  Dennis,  1155.  Stew- 
art's majority  in  the  district  was  305. 

In  1856  the  vote  for  President  or  Electors  is  here  given 
by  districts: 


TABULATED  VOTE 
/ 

Fork 

East  New  Market 

Vienna 

Parson's  Creek 

Lakes 

Hooper's  Island   

Cambridge     212 

Neck    

Church  Creek 

Straits    

Drawbridge 


1295 


155 


lerican  Party. 

Democratic  Party 

Fillmore. 

Buchanan. 

106 

119 

112 

262 

69 

74 

121 

71 

166 

58 

71 

20 

212 

185 

130 

63 

83 

35 

184 

149 

41 

26 

1052 


Col.  James  Wallace  was  Fillmore  Elector-at-Large 
In  1857  the  vote  for  Governor  by  districts  was : 

Hicks. 

Fork 121 

East  New  Market 126 

Vienna   loi 

Parson's  Creek  120 

Lakes   169 

Hooper's  Island 51 

Cambridge     231 

Neck     126 

Church  Creek 85 

Straits    138 

Drawbridge   44 


1312 


Groomc. 

105 
258 

52 
81 

65 
28 

161 

67 

48 
10 

53 
928 


The  Congp^essional  vote  in  the  county  and  district  was 
close;  Jas.  A.  Stewart's  majority  in  the  county  was  lo  votes 
and  in  the  district  19. 


156  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

The  Legislative  ticket,  American,  was  elected;  the  mem- 
bers were  John  W.  Dail,  Levin  Richardson  and  Horatio  G. 
Graves. 

In  1859  Charles  F.  Goldsborough,  on  the  American  ticket, 
was  elected  State  Senator.  The  Delegates  were  John  R, 
Keene,  American;  William  Holland  and  Z.  W.  Linthicum, 
Democrats. 

THE  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION. 
i860,  November  6.     Vote  by  districts : 

Bell.         Breckenridge.         Douglas.        Lincoln. 

Fork    87  145  I 

EastNew  Market  75  170  9 

Vienna   78  96  6 

Parson's  Creek.  123  88  i  6 

Lakes    133  82  2  3 

Hooper's  Island  TJ  50 

Cambridge  ....  211  209  11  5 

Neck  • 147  84  I  I 

Church  Creek..  82  57  ..  8 

Straits    156  18  . .  4    '^ 

Drawbridge   ...  41  84  . .  i 

Williamsburg  . .  53  102  . .  6 

1263  I 185  31  34 

\ 
Following  this  surprising  election,  at  which  the  people 

chose  Abraham  Lincoln  President,  an  intense  excitement 
seized  the  public  mind,  chiefly  brought  about  by  the  revolu- 
tionary attitude  assumed  by  South  Carolina  and  other  South- 
em  States. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

BXCITEICBNT  PRBCBDING  THB  CIVIL  CONFLICT— DIVISION  OF  PUBLIC  SENTI- 
MENT CAUSED  BY  THE  WAR— THE  POLITICAL  EFFECT  PRODUCED  BY 
"emancipation"— NEGRO  SUFFRAGE  INTENSELY  OPPOSED. 

In  the  winter  of  i860  and  1861,  the  people  in  Dorchester 
County,  as  in  other  sections  of  the  State  and  country,  were 
much  excited  at  the  threatened  Civil  War  and  dissolution  of 
the  Federal  Government  by  the  secession  of  some  of  the 
Southern  States.  Public  sentiment  divided  the  people  irre- 
spective of  past  party  association  into  two  classes,  the  larger 
class  being  in  favor  of  maintaining  the  Federal  Union 
of  the  States;  the  other  and  smaller  class  in  favor  of  "South- 
cm  Rights,"  and  the  secession  of  Maryland. 

Bitter  controversies  and  opposing  sympathies  stirred  the 
people  with  stronger  feelings  than  were  ordinarily  enter- 
tained in  party  sentiment,  which  divided  members  of  the 
same  families  and  firm  friends  of  past  years  to  the  extent  of 
becoming  bitter  and  even,  in  some  cases,  belligerent  enemies. 
This  inflamed  state  of  public  feeling  was  gradually  suppressed 
by  the  Federal  soldiery  who  were  quartered  in  many  parts 
of  the  State  during  the  year  1861. 

The  introduction  of  the  war  and  early  battles  influenced 
many  patriots  to  volunteer  in  the  army  of  their  choice 
to  fight  for  the  principles  they  personally  proposed  to  main- 
tain.^ 

For  several  years,  or  during  the  war,  the  people  in  the 
county  felt  the  restrictions  and  great  inconvenience  of  aimy 
regulations,  though  not  much  of  the  time  under  a  military 
guard.  Any  person  from  the  county  who  went  to  Baltimore 
could  not  return  home  on  sail  or  steam  vessels  without  a  pass 


^In  this  volume  is  published  the  names  of  a  number  of  soldiers  who 
•enrcd  in  the  Federal  and  Confederate  Armies  from  Dorchester  County. 


158  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

from  the  Provost  Marshal  in  the  city,  a  restriction  that  lasted 
for  months. 

As  the  war  continued  and  the  emancipation  proclamation 
came,  there  arose  a  change  in  the  political  sentiment  of  the 
people,  many  of  whom  were  by  the  law  of  military  necessity 
deprived  from  voting  at  the  general  elections,  by  military 
guards,  unless  they  took  the  oath  of  "allegiance,"  which  some 
refused  to  do. 

During  this  war  |>eriod  the  high  prices  of  farm  products 
and  the  large  amount  of  money  in  circulation,  induced  some 
of  the  industrious  and  business  people  to  engage  in  various 
enterprises  to  the  extent  of  allaying  party  feelings  on  both 
sides,  which  did  not  revive  again  until  the  right  of  "suffrage" 
was  given  the  negroes  in  1869,  when  a  majority  of  the  people 
(who  were  Democi'ats),  became  fired  anew  with  initense 
opposition  to  Republican  methods  in  their  generous  way  of 
bestowing  civil  rights.  Some  white  voters  then  refused  to 
vote  at  the  polls  with  the  negroes,  who  were  timid  in  casting 
their  first  ballot,  but  did  vote  almost  solid  for  the  Republican 
nominees. 

In  almost  every  local  campaign  since  then  the  Democratic 
issue  has  been  made  on  the  negro  in  politics  and  negro 
suffrage. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  colored  voters  have,  ever  since  they 
were  enfranchised,  cooperated  with  the  white  Republican 
voters  in  making  a  party  ticket  of  white  men  in  the  county 
and  State,  and  the  only  ticket  possible  to  elect. 

The  colored  voters  have  shown  good  judgment  in  party 
affairs  not  to  contend  for  elective  offices  which  they  know 
they  cannot  obtain,  owing  to  the  race  prejudice  that  exists 
from  Maine  to  Florida,  and  from  California  to  Maryland. 
Outside  of  politics,  labor  disturbances  between  whites  and 
blacks  in  different  parts  of  the  country  strongly  show  the 
extent  and  effect  of  race  prejudice. 


Miscellaneous  History  (Colonial). 
CHAPTER  XIX. 

'-OCAnON  OP  PROPRIETARY  MANORS— A  LAND  TRADE  AND  REFERENCE  TO 
PETER  UNDERWOOD— ** John's  point,"  WOOLFORD'S  home — COPY  OF 
PATENT  FOR  LAND  FOR  TRANSPORTING  SETTLERS— SOME  OLD  FERRIES — 
quit-rents  AND  RENT  ROLLS — ^ACADIAN  EXILES  FROM  NOVA  SCOTIA — 
CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICTS — CIRCUIT  COURT  DISTRICTS — SKETCH  OF  THE 
JUDICIARY — MEMBERS  OF  THE  BAR  AT  CAMBRIDGE — TAX  ON  BACHELORS — 
MARRIAGE  REQUIREMENTS- ROBERT  MORRIS;  HIS  STORE  AT  CAMBRIDGE; 
PRICES  OF  MERCHANDISE  THERE. 

LOCATION   OF  PROPRIETARY   MANORS. 

The  first  manor  laid  out  for  the  Proprietary,  after  the 

formation  of  Dorchester  County,  was  the  manor  of  "Phillips 

Burg,"  in  1670,  for  Phillip  Calvert,  on  Transquaking  River, 

along  Phillip's  Creek,  later  called  Chicanicomico  River,  at  the 

first  landing  coming  in  the  river. 

Nanticoke  Manor  was  also  laid  out;  that  contained  4775 
acres.  Later  these  manors  were  granted  in  lots  to  suit  pur- 
chaserSy  and  quit  rents  laid  on  them.  Nanticoke  Manor  bor- 
dered on  the  Nanticoke  River  and  North  West  Fork,  above 
the  town  of  Vienna. 

The  Land  Records  show  that  a  number  of  private  manors 
were  laid  out  for  prominent  people  in  Dorchester  County — 
"Lockerman's  Manor,"  "Warwick  Fort  Manor,"  and  others. 
Some  were  proprietary  grants,  and  others  consolidated  tracts 
under  the  right  of  resurvey. 

A  LAND  TRADE  AND  REFERENCE  TO  PETER 

UNDERWOOD. 

In  the  Land  Records  at  Cambridge  there  is  recorded  a 
deed  from  Elizabeth  Underwood  and  Judith  Underwood, 


l6o  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  CX)UNTY 

daughter  and  niece  of  Peter  Underwood,  who  sold  one-half 
of  "Castle  Haven"  land,  fifty  acres,  to  John  Harwood,  in  con- 
sideration of  one  hundred  acres  of  land  in  Talbot  County, 
August  2,  1 69 1. 

By  Act  of  Assembly,  in  1674,  Peter  Underwood  was  the 
first  person  authorized  to  sell  spirituous  liquors  in  Dorchester 
County.  He  was  brought  into  the  Province  of  Maryland 
in  1654,  when  eighteen  years  of  age,  by  Mr.  Mears.  His  first 
master,  to  whom  he  was  sold,  was  Peter  Johnson,  in  Calvert 
County. 

"JOHN'S    POINT,''    COLONIAL    HOME    OF    THE 

WOOLFORDS. 

"John's  Point,"  a  tract  of  land  lying  on  Little  Choptank 
River,  on  the  east  side  of  Tobacco  Stick  Creek,  was  surveyed 
November  24,  1665,  containing  200  acres,  for  John  Hodson. 
Some  time  after  1668  this  land  became  the  property  of  Bar- 
tholomew Ennalls,  who,  by  his  will,  made  in  1688,  be- 
queathed it  to  his  daughter  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Coi.  Reiner 
Woolford,  and  it  was  formally  conveyed  to  Roger  Woolford 
and  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  by  John  Ennalls,  brother  of  Elizabeth 
Woolford,  August  5,  1695. 

A  part  of  this  tract,  upon  which  is  the  oldest  brick  building 
in  the  country  (see  cut),  has  been  successively  held  by  some 
lineal  descendant  of  Roger  Woolford  down  to  the  present 
time.  Which  of  the  owners  of  "John's  Point"  built  this 
quaint  old  building,  with  walls  two  feet  thick  and  peculiar 
little  windows,  is  not  absolutely  known,  but  events  and  cir- 
cumstances, based  on  family  tradition,  point  to  John  Hodson 
or  Hudson  as  the  builder.  The  Woolfords  claimed  that  the 
first  County  Court  was  held  there,  and  that  it  was  also  used 
as  a  jail,  evidently  before  the  county  seat  was  removed  to 
Cambridge,  in  1687.  John  Hodson  was  one  of  the  County 
Justices  in  1674,  and  it  is  quite  as  probable  that  the  County 
Court  was  held  at  his  house  as  at  any  other  private  house  in 
that  section,  where  the  first  courts  were  held  between  1669 
and  1674. 


^■Bi 

WOOLFORD'S  COLONIAL  HOWE.  BROOKS'    CREEK. 


AN   EARLY  PATENT  l6l 

PATENT  No.  I,  COPY  OF 

Patent    for  land   granted   for  transporting  settlers   to  the 
Province  of  Maryland : 


William  Jones,    )    r-    -i- 

Patent.  \  Ceclms,  etc. 


Know  ye  that  we  for  and  in  consideration  that  John  Rus- 
sel  of  the  County  of  Dorchester  in  our  S'd  Province  of  Mary- 
land, planter,  hath  due  him  loo  acres  of  land  within  our  said 
province  for  Transporting  Sussanna  Hannough,  and  W.  Cary 
Hatton  here  to  Inhabit  whose  right  Title  and  Interest  of  in 
and  to  the  said  loo  acres  of  Land  the  s'd  Jno  Russell  hath 
assigned  and  sett  over  unto  William  Jones  of  the  Same 
County  as  appears  upon  Record  and  upon  such  Conditions 
and  Terms  as  are  Expressed  in  our  Conditions  of  Plantations 
of  our  s'd  province  of  Maryland  under  our  Greater  Seal  at 
Arms  bearing  Date  at  Lx)ndon,  on  the  second  day  of  July  in 
the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1649,  with  such  alterations  as  in 
them  is  made  by  Declaration  bearing  Date  the  22d  Day  of 
September  anno  1650,  and  Remaining  upon  Record  in  our 
said  province  of  Maryland  Do  hereby  grant  unto  him  the  said 
William  Jones  all  that  Tract  or  Parcel  of  Land  Called  (All 
three  of  us)  lying  on  the  East  side  of  Chesapeake  Bay  in  a 
River  Called  Limboe  Harbour,  and  in  a  Creek  of  the  said 
River  Called  Russells  Creek  on  the  East  side  of  the  said 
Creeks.  Beginning  at  a  marked  pine  standing  in  a  marsh, 
and  from  the  said  pine  running*  for  Breadth  South  West  fifty 
perches  to  a  marked  white  Oak  bounded  on  the  North  West 
with  a  line  drawn  South  East  for  a  length  into  the  Woods 
Three  Hundred  and  twenty  perches  bounding  on  the  South 
West  with  a  line  drawn  North  East  fifty  Perches,  Bounding 
on  the  South  East  with  a  line  drawn  North  West  Three  hun- 
dred and  twenty  perches,  with  the  first  bounded  tree  and 
now  laid  out  for  100  Acres  more  or  less,  Together  with  all 
Rights,  Profits  and  Benefits  thereunto  belonging  (royal  Man- 
ors Excepted)  To  have  and  to  Hold  the  same  unto  him  the 

said  William  Jones  his  Heirs  and  assigns  for  ever  to  be 
u 


l62  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

holders  of  Us  and  our  Heirs  as  of  our  Manor  of  Nanticoke, 
of  free  and  Common  soccage  by  Fealty  only  for  all  manner 
of  services  yielding  and  paying  therefore  yearly  unto  us  and 
our  Heirs  at  our  Receipt  of  St.  Mary's  at  the  two  most  usuall 
Feasts  in  the  year,  Vizt,  at  the  Annunciation  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin  Mary,  and  at  the  feast  of  St.  Michael  the  Archangle 
by  even  and  equal  portions  of  the  Rent  of  4  s.  Sterling  in 
Silver  or  Gold  and  for  a  fine  upon  every  Alionation  of  the 
said  Land  or  any  part  or  parcel  thereof,  one  whole  year's 
Rent  in  Silver  or  Gold  or  the  full  Value  thereof  in  such  Com- 
odities  as  we  or  our  Heirs  or  such  Officer  or  Officers  ap- 
pointed by  us  or  our  Heirs  from  this  time  to  time  to  Collect 
and  receive  the  same  shall  accept  in  Discharge  thereof  at  the 
Choice  of  Us  or  our  Heirs  or  such  officers  or  officer  a  fd.  Pro- 
vided that,  if  the  said  William  Jones  his  Heirs  or  Assigns  shall 
not  pay  unto  us  or  our  Heirs  or  such  officer  or  officers  aTd 
the  said  Sume  for  a  fine  before  such  Alienation,  and  Enter  the 
said  Alienation  upon  Record  either  in  the  Provincial  Court  or 
County  Court  where  the  said  Parcel  of  Land  lyeth  within 
one  Month  next  after  such  Afienation  the  said  Alienacon 
Shall  be  void  and  of  none  Effect,  Given  at  our  City  of  Saint 
Maries  under  our  great  Seal  of  our  Sd.  Province  of  Mary- 
land the  6th  Day  of  September  in  the  39th  year  of  our  Dom- 
inion over  our  Sd  Province  Annog  Domi  V  1673 — 

In  Testimony,  That  the  aforegoing  is  a  true  Copy  taken 
from  liber  Vi,  14  folio  83  one  of  the  Record  Books  belong- 
ing to  the  Land  Office  of  the  Province  of  Maryland,  I  have 
hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  the  seal  of  the  said  office, 
20th  Day  of  September  Annog  Domini  1769 

Test.  Wm.  Steuart  Clk  Sd  Office. 

SOME  OLD  FERRIES. 

Ferries  were  first  established  by  Acts  of  Assembly.  The 
first  of  record  in  Dorchester  County  was  across  the  Chop- 
tank  from  Talbot  County  to  Dorchester;  the  next,  across  the 
Nanticoke,  from  Dorchester  County  to  Somerset.  They 
were  established  for  public  convenience  in  1671. 


RENT  ROLLS  AND  QUIT  RENTS  1 63 

In  later  years,  as  the  county  grew  in  population  others 
were  needed  and  in  1690,  one  was  in  operation  between  Cas- 
tle Haven  and  Clora's  Point,  on  the  Choptank  River, — "sal- 
ary paid,  four  thousand  (4,000)  lbs.  of  tobacco,  in  casks." 

In  1786  the  ferry  over  Fishing  Creek,  to  Hooper's  Island, 
was  kept  by  John  Griffith  for  an  annual  salary  of  fifteen 
pounds.  The  required  capacity  of  the  boat  was  for  carry- 
ing four  men  and  four  horses  at  one  trip.  At  Crotcher's 
Ferry,  John  Sears  was  keeper — salary,  twenty-five  pounds.  In 
1787  a  ferry  over  Chesapeake  Bay,  from  Tar  Bay,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Patuxent  River,  was  kept  by  Richard  Tubman — 
salary,  fifty  pounds.  The  ferry  charge  on  a  four-wheel  car- 
riage, was  one  i>ound  and  fifteen  shillings.  In  1788  a  ferry 
from  Cambridge,  over  the  Choptank  to  Talbot  shore,  was 
kept  by  Dan  Akers,  at  a  salary  of  fifty  pounds. 

In  1786  "The  Court  agreed  with  Elizabeth  Travers,  widow 
of  Henry,  to  keep  the  ferry  over  Slaughter  Creek,  from  the 
main  to  where  the  said  Henry  formerly  lived,  upon  the  fol- 
lowing terms,  to  wit;  She  is  to  keep  constantly  and  in  good 
order  a  sufficient  boat  that  will  safely  carry  six  passengers 
and  three  horses  at  once,  with  two  able  bodied  hands  to 
attend  the  said  ferry;  and  is  to  be  allowed  at  the  rate  of  tfiirty- 
scven  pounds  and  ten  shillings  Current  money  by  the  year 
for  keeping  the  same;  and  the  Court  have  named  in  Current 
money,  the  prices  of  ferriages  at  the  said  ferry,  for  strangers, 
their  horses  and  carriages  at  the  following  rates  to  wit: — 
Tor  a  single  passenger,  6d.;  for  a  single  passenger  and 
horse,  is. ;  for  a  two-wheel  carriage,  2s.,  6d. ;  for  a  wagon,  5s." 

RENT  ROLLS  AND  QUIT  RENTS. 

On  all  lands  granted  in  Maryland,  by  the  Lord  Proprie- 
tary to  settlers  in  his  province  under  his  "condition  of  plan- 
tation," he  reserved  an  interest  in  each  grant,  and  stipulated 
an  annual  land-rent  to  be  paid  by  the  grantee,  for  two  pur- 
poses; the  first  was  to  satisfy  a  demand  of  allegiance  to  the 
Proprietary  from  the  freeholders,  for  other  claims  of  service 
as  subjects  of  his  Lordship's  realm;  and  the  second,  though 


l64  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

small  in  separate  charges,  yet  large  in  the  aggregate, — ^was 
his  source  of  personal  revenue,  which  annually  amounted 
to  a  handsome  income. 

During  and  after  the  Revolution  of  1776,  the  quit  rents 
were  unpaid  and  became  in  arrears.  Henry  Harford's  arrear 
claim  on  Nanticoke  Manor  and  other  lands  in  the  county, 
at  18  farthings  per  acre,  amounted  to  £4297,  Sio,  in  No- 
vember, 1786. 

ACADIAN  EXILES  FROM  NOVA  SCOTIA  SCAT- 
TERED IN  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

In  1756,  when  the  entire  colony  of  French  "Acadians  of 
Nova  Scotia"  was  barbarously  deported  and  distributed  like 
cattle  throughout  the  American  colonies,  three  vessel  loads 
were  brought  to  Maryland,  one  of  which  was  sent  to  Oxford 
for  distribution  in  Talbot  and  Dorchester  Counties.  Their 
unexpected  arrival  and  no  preparation  to  receive  and  protect 
them  in  wintry  weather,  made  strong  appeals  for  pity  and 
help  from  the  benevolent  people  of  the  county  whose  charity 
saved  them  from  starving  at  once. 

At  the  April  session  of  the  Assembly,  1757,  an  Act  was 
passed  to  empower  the  Justices  of  Dorchester  and  other 
counties  to  make  provisions  for  their  supf>ort  to  some  extent. 
Somewhere  in  the  old  documents  of  the  Court  at  Cambridge 
there  must  be  an  interesting  record  of  what  was  done  for 
those  helpless  people  of  various  ages  and  different  sexes  who 
could  not  speak  or  understand  English.  Dependent  on  vol- 
unteer charity  for  bread  and  shelter,  soon  after  their  arrival 
a  broken-hearted  mother,  separated  from  all  her  family,  died 
homeless  and  friendless  in  Dorchester  County.  Might  she 
not  have  been  the  mother  of  Longfellow's  "Gabriel"  cm" 
somebody's  "Evangeline?" 

CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICTS  INCLUDING 
DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

The  Eighth  Congressional  District  laid  out  in  1791  was 
made  up  of  Dorchester,  Somerset  and  Worcester  Counties. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE   CAMBRIDGE  BAR  165 

The  Fourth  District  for  holding  County  Courts  designated 
in  1796  embraced  Caroline,  Dorchester,  Somerset  and  Wor- 
cester Counties. 

In  185 1  the  first  Judicial  District  was  made  up  of  Dorches- 
ter, Somerset  and  Worcester  Counties.  In  1868  Wicomico 
was  included  in  the  district. 

SKETCH  OF  THE  JUDICIARY. 

The  first  courts  in  Dorchester  County,  from  1669  to  1791, 
were  composed  of  leading  or  prominent  men  in  the  county, 
appointed  by  the  Governor  and  Council  under  the  title  of 
Commissioners,  but  judicially  known  as  Justices  of  the  Quo- 
rum, and  Justices  who  organized  as  a  court  at  the  time  of 
regular  court  sittings.  After  1791  to  1806,  the  law  required 
that  the  chief  justices  should  be  lawyers  by  profession,  and  be 
assisted  at  county  courts  by  two  of  the  States  Justices.  In 
1806  and  thereafter  the  Bench  was  composed  of  professional 
lawyers.  In  185 1  the  Bench  under  the  Constitution  was  re- 
duced from  three  judges  to  one  judge  and  made  an  elective 
office  by  the  people.  Under  the  Constitution  of  1867,  the 
three  judge  system  was  adopted,  elective,  and  is  still  in  force. 
Prior  to  185 1  the  First  Judicial  District  was  the  Fourth  Dis- 
trict. 


EARLY  AND  LATE  MEMBERS  OF  THE 

CAMBRIDGE  BAR. 

In  1692  the  first  lawyers  admitted  to  practice  in  the  New 
Court,  then  organized  at  Cambridge,  were :  Philip  Pitt,  Ben- 
jamin Hunt,  Charles  Powell,  and  Gourney  Crow. 

In  1902  the  bar  numbers  about  twenty-eight  attorneys  at 
law,  namely: 

Scwell  T.  Milbourne,  Col.  Clement  Sulivane,  James  W. 
Waddell,  Robert  G.  Henry,  Col.  William  O.  Mitchell  James 
S.  Shepherd,  John  R.  Pattison,  Emerson  C.  Harrington, 
Philfips  L.  Goldsborough,  Thos.  W.  Simmons,  Irving  R. 
Mace,  Joseph  H.  Johnson,  William  H.  Barton,  William  Hur- 


l66  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  CX>UNTY 

lock,  Alfred  Stewart,  James  Higgins,  John  G.  Mills,  Willard 
E.  West,  W.  Laird,  Henry  J.  Watson  Thompson,  Fred.  H. 
Fletcher,  T.  Sangston  Insley,Thos.  E.  Latimer,  W.  Hamilton 
Spedden,  C.  L.  Northrop,  and  S.  E.  W.  Camper,  colored. 

A  TAX  ON  BACHELORS  FOR  THE  KING'S 

REVENUE. 

A  committee  was  appointed  by  Act  of  Assembly,  May, 
1756,  to  make  a  ref>ort  on  the  bills  of  credit  and  dues  that 
remain  for  his  Majesty's  service,  with  the  balance  in  the  "Iron 
Pot,"  and  revenues  derived  from  various  sources. 

In  the  report  made  by  Charles  Dickinson,  of  Dorchester 
County,  in  the  tax  list  were  these  items :  "1756 — to  the  15th 
of  October  in  the  same  year,  £31,  S16,  do.,  batchelors;  £55, 
S18,  do.,  hquors." 

The  annual  tax  on  each  bachelor  was  levied  according  to 
financial  worth,  a  single  man  twenty-five  years  of  age  or  over, 
worth  one  hundred  pounds,  and  not  over  three  hundred 
pounds,  was  taxed  fifteen  shillings;  if  worth  more  than  three 
hundred  poimds,  twenty  shillings  was  the  annual  tax. 

MARRIAGE. 

Requirements  for  legal  marriages  interesting  to  those  con- 
templating matrimonial  union : 

The  laws  of  the  State  of  Maryland  require  Ecclesiastical 
authority  over  "Matrimonial  Causes"  and  prevents  marriages 
from  being  a  civil  contract  alone,  some  religious  ceremony  of 
legal  recognition  must  be  used.  Maryland  is  the  only  State 
in  the  Union  "that  requires  church  consent  to  make  marriage 
legal." 

ROBERT  MORRIS,  PRICES  OF  MERCHANDISE  IN 

HIS  STORE  AT  CAMBRIDGE. 

There  is  nothing  disclosed  in  history  of  the  early  life  of 
Robert  Morris,  who  was  one  of  the  conspicuous  figures  of 


ROBERT   MORRIS^   LEDGER  167 

American  history  during  the  Revolution.  But  recently  there 
has  been  found  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court 
for  Dorchester  County,  an  old  ledger  inscribed  "Robert  Mor- 
ris." It  was  discovered  upon  examination  of  the  contents  to 
have  b§en  the  property  of  the  father  of  the  "Revolutionary 
Financier."  "Robert  Morris,  Junior,"  as  it  appears  in  the 
ledger  on  a  page  dated  1748,  was  born  in  England  in  1734, 
and  came  to  this  country  when  about  ten  years  of  age.  'In 
Philadelphia  his  teacher  was  evidently  Mr.  Robert  Greenway, 
as  there  is  an  account  kept  in  the  ledger  with  him  for  "Rob- 
ert's schooling,  books,"  etc. 

Robert  Morris,  Senior,  gives  a  sketch  of  himself  in  the  led- 
ger as  follows : 

"Ledger  B-1747. 


«' 


'Belonging  to  and  containing  the  accounts  of  the  sub- 
scriber, son  of  Andrew  Morris,  Mariner  and  Mandline,  his 
wife,  of  Liverpoole,  in  the  county  of  Lancashire,  in  Great 
Britain,  where  the  subscriber  was  born  April  the  seventeenth 
day  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand  and  seven  hundred 
and  eleven.  On  the  17th  of  April,  1747,  the  balances  trans- 
ferred from  a  Former  Ledger  into  this,  were  justly  due  to 
and  from 

"Robert  Morris." 


He  was  a  factor  in  Maryland  of  Foster  CunliflF,  Esq., 
&  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  England.  He  also  managed  three 
stores,  one  at  Wye,  Oxford,  and  Cambridge,  respectively. 
The  latter  was  in  charge  of  Mr.  John  Caile,  who  at  that  date 
was  Clerk  of  the  Court,  and  into  whose  possession  the  ledger 
fell.  At  the  death  of  Robert  Morris,  Mr.  Caile  inverted  the 
ledger  and  used  it  as  a  fee  book  in  his  office. 

From  the  following  accounts  kept  by  Mr.  John  Caile  the 
prices  of  various  merchandise  may  be  seen : 


HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 


To  amount  of  store  per  acct. 

Total 

Sterling 

sent  home  and  received  casks 

Vt. 

Money 

Amt.  of  Inventory  of  goods 

236s  10    4J< 

Do.  Household  goods,  etc. 

184    0    0 

Debts  in  Sterling  Money 

188 

Maryland  Money 

409  10 

I  Tobacco  380000  a  J 

13,15    0    0 

Bals.  Cash  on  Hand  ^33-i3-2ji  Car33>i 

25     J   10 

Paper  Money  /300-18  a  lao 

136  10 

Tob.  107  hhds.  g7045  a  } 

404    7    I 

Sloop  "Oxford"  valued  at 

ISO    0    0 

1746 

Sept. 

6 

1747 

June 

■747 
Aug. 

10 

Dec. 

24 

ff 

a? 

From  Capt,  John  Macfceel,  of  the  "Liver- 
poole  Merchant,"  as  per  invoice, 
30  Servants  ®  £  i  d 

By  Rev.  Neil  McCallum  for  Sundry  Books 

as  per  Catalogue 
By  14  Bbls.  Pork,  a  Dr.  Murray 


Loundes  &  Whaley, 

I  Backgammon  Uble 

Capt.  John  Johnson, 
3  Umbarellas 

By  the  "Cundiff,"  Capt.  Johnson, 
40  Tons  Pigg  Iron  @  /4-10 

By  the  "Choptank," 

12  Tons  Pigg  Iron 

To 


oC  sundry  goods  now  in  store  % 
Bill  due  me  %  71 .  13.  2  Currys  at  100  % 
7  doz.  Bags  felt  Hatts  %  %  Box  %-\ 
I  Cornrick  No.  62 


Dr.    To  I  light  coloured  b  &  C  wigg 

For  Mr.  Wm.  Goldsborough 
Cr.    By  John  Caile  for  cleaning  his  watch 


£ 

s 

150 

00 

27 

S 

4a 

0 

16 

1 

iS 

- 

13 

180 

00 

54 

6 

48 
35 

3 
16 

I 

r? 

Paper  Money 

£      I    \d 


PAPISTS     LANDS 


169 


1748 

Aug. 


1750 
April 


39 


Paper  Money 


Dr.    To  I  Cult  velvet  waistcoat 
raffled  away  at  Cambridge 

Robert  Green  way, 
teacher  of  Robert  Morris 


To  I  Large  China  Punch  Bowl  21 /s  I 
'"  I  Smaller    **        **         **      i6/s^ 


15 


10 


17 


PAPISTS'  LANDS. 

List  of  lands  held  by  Papists  in  Dorchester  County,  re- 
turned by  Charles  Dickinson,  Collector  of  Quit  Rents,  to  the 
Keeper  of  the  Rent  Rolls,  in  1758: 

Patrick  Bryan 67    acres. 

Charles  Carroll i,Soo 

Henry  Darnell  (Portland  Manor)  .   .  1,500 

Joseph  Griffith 634^^ 

Joseph  Goutee 695^^ 

Robert  Griffith tjj 

Hannah  Griffith 167 

Francis  Harper 148 

Joseph  Harper 438 

John  Meekins,  Jun. 574 

Abram  Meekins 186 

Mark  Meekins 90 

Godfrey  Megfraw 153 

Felix  Summers 245 

Ramon  Shinton 474 

Ramond  Stapleford 65i)j( 

Joseph  Shinton 391 

Richard  Tubman •  .  130 

William  Shinton 267        ** 

9,o88>i  acres. 

At   this   time    the   double    tax    on    Catholics   had    been 
repealed. 


Indian  History. 
CHAPTER   XX. 

DORCHESTER  COUNTY  INDIANS— BRANCHES  OF  THE  ALGONQUIN  FAMILY- 
DRIVEN  BY  THEIR  ENEMIES  FROM  FORMER  HOMES — TOOK  REFUGE 
ON  THE  EASTERN  SHORE  PENINSULA  —  CHIEF  TRIBE,  THE  NANTI- 
COKES — PECULIARITIES  IN  MEMORY  OF  THEIR  DEAD— INDIAN  CHIEF, 
"  BILLY  RUMLEY,"  AND  HIS  WHITE  WIFE  —  ENCROACHMENTS  BY 
WHITE  SETTLERS  —  GRANTED  RESERVATIONS  BY  THE  LORD  PROPRIE- 
TARY—EFFECT OF  LIQUOR  TRAFFIC  UPON  THE  INDIANS  —  OTHER 
IMPOSITIONS — CONSPIRACY  WITH  THE  **SIX  NATIONS**  TO  MASSACRE 
THE  WHITE  SETTLERS  IN  I742  —  THEIR  GRADUAL  DEPARTURE  FROM 
DORCHESTER  COUNTY — REMNANTS  LEFT  DISAPPEARED  BY  INTERMAR- 
RIAGE WITH  THE  BLACK  RACE. 

Some  of  the  Indian  tribes  and  chiefs,  branches  of  the  Al- 
gonquin family  (recognized  by  their  language)  that  inhabited 
the  Eastern  Shore  before  America  was  discovered,  lived  in 
the  territory  now  known  as  Dorchester  County.  There  is 
much  of  thrilling  interest  that  could  be  said  of  them  and  their 
descendants.  They  were  first  seen  in  1608,  by  Capt.  John 
Smith  and  his  exploring  party  from  Virginia,  and  later  by  the 
colonists  of  Maryland. 

Many  suns  before  the  pale-faces  came  to  invade  their  happy 
land  of  refuge,  they  had  come  to  live  on  this  peninsula,  hav- 
ing been  driven  by  the  superior  forces  of  other  tribes  from 
ancient  homes  long  loved  and  well  remembered,  which  in 
their  traditional  history,  they  periodically  pictured  on  the 
surfaces  of  changing  nature — wood,  earth  and  stone — ^and 
impressed  on  the  retentive  memories  of  each  rising  genera- 
tion. One  of  the  largest  tribes  in  Dorchester  County  was 
the  Nanticokes.  In  the  story  of  their  migration,  their  god 
(Manito),  providentially  helped  them.  Somewhere  on  their 
way  they  came  to  a  great  water;  one  of  their  guides  that  went 
before  them  tried  the  depth  of  it  with  a  long  pole  and  found 
it  too  deep  for  them  to  wade  through.     In  their  distressed 


INDIAN   TRIBES  I7I 

situation  and  doubt  about  what  course  to  pursue,  their  "God 
made  a  bridge  over  the  water  in  one  night  and  the  next 
morning  after  they  had  all  passed  over,  God  took  away  the 
bridge." 

The  word  Nanticoke  seems  to  mean  "tide-water  people," 
and  is  derived  from  the  name  of  one  of  the  Lenape  subtribes, 
Unalachtg^  They  also  had  the  name  of  Tiawco,  and  a 
Mohegan  name  was  Otayachgo,  which  means  "bridge  peo- 
ple." They  were  skillful  bridge  builders  and  constructed 
bridges  of  floating  logs  made  into  rafts. 

The  Nanticokes,  Abacoes,  Wiwashes,  Ahatchwhoops  and 
other  tribes  in  Dorchester  County,  claimed  by  their  tradi- 
tions, Lenape  of  the  Delawares,  to  be  their  grandfather,  and 
the  Mohegans  their  brethren. 

They  had  a  peculiar  and  sacred  respect  for  their  dead,  the 
corpse  was  buried  for  some  months  and  then  exhumed  and 
the  bones  carefully  cleaned  and  placed  in  an  "ossuary,"  called 
man-to  kump  (Manito),  with  the  locative  termination  or 
rather  signification,  "place  of  the  mystery  or  spirit."  When 
these  tribes  moved  from  one  place  to  another  they  carried 
the  bones  of  their  dead  with  them.  When  they  left  Dor- 
chester County  about  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century 
and  settled  in  Northern  Pennsylvania  they  carried  their 
sacred  relics  and  buried  them  near  the  present  site  of  To- 
wanda,  Indian  name,  Taunindetink,  literally  meaning  "where 
we  bury  our  dead." 

Tradition  says  that  one  old  Indian  chief  of  the  Wiwash 
tribe,  who  lived  near  "Goose  Creek"  in  what  is  now  called 
"Straits"  District,  adopted  an  English  name  for  himself, 
"Billy  Rumley,"  he  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  and  married 
(?)  a  white  woman.  They  lived  on  the  place,  owned  some 
years  ago  and  occupied  by  James  Robins;  it  is  now  owned 
and  occupied  by  Capt.  Henry  W.  Elliott.  There  the  old 
chief  was  buried.  When  his  tribe  left  for  a  northern  home  he 
refused  to  go  with  them.  In  that  neighborhood  it  is  told 
that  that  old  chief  sometimes  punished  his  wife  by  placing 
her  on  the  lubber-pole  of  his  big  chimney  and  then  smoked 
her  from  a  smouldering  fire  on  the  hearth  below.     This  he 


172  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

said  was  done  **to  make  her  sweet."  Whether  his  purpose  was 
to  sweeten  her  temper  or  improve  her  hyg^enically,  by  his 
smoking  process,  to  suit  his  pecuHar  tastes  may  still  be  a  ques- 
tion for  public  opinion.  Descendants  of  that  chief  and  his 
English  wife  are  said  to  be  living  at  this  time. 

Soon  after  the  formation  of  the  county  by  white  settlers 
along  the  coast  line  of  the  Bay  and  rivers,  they  began  to  ad- 
vance their  outposts  and  lines  of  settlement  towards  the  inte- 
rior and  Indian  settlements.  Through  a  trading  intercourse 
between  the  whites  and  Indians  various  disturbances  and  seri- 
ous disputes  early  occurred  that  led  to  the  killing  of  several 
Indians  and  retaliation  by  them.  They  murdered  several 
white  persons  and  abducted  some  white  children.  These  acts 
of  violence  almost  brought  on  a  war  against  the  Nanticokes, 
then  the  most  menacing  tribe.  However,  every  contention 
between  the  whites  and  Indians  resulted  in  additional  advan- 
tages for  the  whites,  and  a  gradual  withdrawing  of  the  natives 
from  the  locality  of  the  English  settlements. 

To  avoid  many  possible  difficulties  in  trading  with  the 
Indians,  a  privilege  was  granted  every  white  inhabitant  of 
Dorchester  County  to  trade  with  them  without  license  at 
Capt.  Henry  Tripp's  house,  in  1680.  Previously,  the  Gov- 
ernor had  issued  special  licenses  to  individual  traders,  who 
could  go  to  the  Indian  camps  and  there  trade,  often  selling 
them  guns,  ammunition  and  whiskey,  in  violation  of  the  trad- 
ing regulations,  which  caused  much  trouble  between  the  col- 
onists and  natives. 

In  Kilteys'  "Landholders'  Assistant"  he  says:  "The  Indian 
inhabitants  on  the  Choptank  and  Nanticoke  Rivers  on  the 
Eastern  Shore,  became  desirous  of  being  secured  in  the  pos- 
session of  lands  by  grant  from  the  Proprietary;  that  in  conse- 
quence, a  grant  was  made  to  the  Choptank  Indians  in  the 
year  i66g,  and  one  to  the  Nanticoke  Indians  in  1704,  in 
respect  to  which  a  variety  of  provisions  and  modifications 
took  place  by  subsequent  Acts  of  Assembly,  the  most  import- 
ant of  which  I  shall  here  examine,  confining  myself  to  what 
has  been  done  by  law. 


LAND  GRANTS  TO   INDIANS  1 73 

"In  respect  to  the  grant  to  the  Choptank  Indians,  I  cannot 
give  a  better  account  of  it  than  by  transcribing  the  Reverend 
Mr.  Bacon's  note  on  the  law  making  that  grant.     The  title 
only  is  given  in  his  edition,  being  *An  Act  for  the  continua- 
tion of  peace  with  and  protection  of  our  neighbors  and  con- 
federates, Indians  on  Choptank  River,'  and  the  following  is 
extracted  from  his  remarks:     This  act  on  account  of  the 
fidelity  of  the  Choptank  Indians  in  delivering  up  some  mur- 
derers, etc.,     *     *     *     settles  upon  them  and  their  heirs  for- 
ever, all  that  land  on  the  south  side  of  Choptank  River, 
bounded  westerly  by   the  free-hold   now  in   possession   of 
William  Dorrington  and  easterly  with   Secretary  Sewalls' 
creek  for  breadth,  and  for  length  three  miles  into  the  woods; 
to  be  held  of  his  lordship  under  the  yearly  rent  of  six  beaver 
sldns,  and  is  confirmed  among  the  perpetual  laws  of  1677, 
Ch.  2. 

**By  an  Act  of  1704,  Ch.  58  (similar  to  an  Act  passed  1698, 
Ch.  15),  the  bounds  of  a  certain  tract  of  land  were  ascertained 
to  the  use  of  the  Nanticoke  Indians  in  Dorchester  County, 
so  long  as  they  should  occupy  and  live  upon  the  same.  This 
Act,  after  stating  it  in  the  preamble  to  be  *most  just' 
that  the  Indians,  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  the  province, 
should  have  a  convenient  dwelling  place,  etc.,  and  especially 
the  Nanticoke  Indians  in  Dorchester  County,  who  for  some 
years  past  had  lived  in  peace  and  concord  with  the  English, 
and  in  obedience  to  the  government,  proceeded  to  declare  as 
follows : 

"  That  all  the  land  lying  and  being  in  Dorchester  County, 
and  on  the  north  side  of  Nanticoke  River,  butted  and 
bounded  as  follows:  (Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  Chicka- 
wan  Creek  and  running  up  the  said  creek,  bounded  therewith 
to  the  head  of  the  said  main  branch  with  a  line  drawn 
to  the  head  of  a  branch  issuing  out  of  the  North 
West  Fork  of  Nanticoke,  known  by  the  name  of  Francis 
Anderton's  branch,  and  from  the  head  of  the  said  branch, 
bounded  therewith  to  the  mouth  of  the  same  where  it  falls  into 
the  said  North  West  Fork  and  from  thence  down  the  afore- 
said North  West  Fork,  bounded  therewith  to  the  main  river. 


174  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

and  so  down  the  main  river  to  the  mouth  of  the  aforesaid 
Chickawan  Creek);  shall  be  confirmed  and  assured,  and 
by  virtue  of  this  Act  is  confirmed  and  assured  unto  Pan- 
quash  and  Amotoughquan,  and  the  people  under  their 
government  or  charge,  and  their  heirs  and  successors 
forever;  any  law,  usage,  custom,  or  g^nt  to  the  contrary 
in  anywise  notwithstanding.  To  be  held  of  the  Lord 
Proprietary  and  his  heirs,  Lord  Proprietary  or  Lord 
Proprietaries  of  this  province,  under  the  yearly  rent  of  one 
beaver  skin,  to  be  paid  to  his  said  lordship  and  his  heirs  as 
other  rents  in  this  province  by  the  English  used  to  be  paid.'  " 

These  two  reservations  for  the  Indians  in  Dorchester 
County  each  contained  about  four  thousand  acres  of  land.  In 
1 72 1  these  lands  were  surveyed  under  a  commission  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  and  confirmed  by  an  Act  of  1723, 
Chap.  18.  This  Act  gave  free  and  uninterrupted  possession 
to  the  Nanticoke  Indians  of  all  their  lands  on  the  Nanticoke 
and  North  West  Fork  Rivers  so  long  as  any  of  them 
remained  there  and  did  not  totally  desert  and  quit-claim  it. 
They  were  deprived  from  selling  or  leasing  any  part  of  their 
lands.  The  same  Act  also  applied  to  the  Choptank  Indians 
and  their  lands.  Subsequent  Acts  show  how  the  Choptank 
and  Nanticoke  Indians  gradually  surrendered  their  lands  to 
the  English  invaders. 

In  the  year  1705  some  of  the  Indians  threatened,  by  their 
actions,  hostile  movements  against  the  whites,  and  Governor 
Seymour  authorized  Col.  Thomas  Ennalls  of  Dorchester 
County  to  make  a  treaty  with  the  Nanticoke  Indians.  Articles 
of  peace  were  agreed  upon  May  the  19th,  with  the  two  chiefs, 
Ashquash,  Emperor  of  the  Nanticokes,  and  Winnough- 
quargno.  King  of  the  Babcoes  and  Ahatchwoops,  and  with 
Robin  Hood,  chief  of  the  Indian  River  Indians,  on  behalf  of 
his  queen,  Wyranfconmickonono,  queen  of  the  said  Indians. 
In  the  treaty,  Ashquash  was  required  to  pay  yearly  to  Col. 
Ennalls,  for  the  use  of  the  Queen  of  England,  four  arrows  and 
two  bows  to  be  delivered  to  the  Governor  "as  a  tribute  or 
acknowledgement  to  her  majesty  and  as  a  token  of  the  con- 
tinuance of  this  peace."     Other  conditions  of  the  treaty 


PROCLAMATION  AGAINST  THE  LIQUOR  TRAFFIC  175 

were  that  the  Emperor  Ashquash  and  his  Indians  should  suf- 
ficiently fence  in  the  cornfields,  which  should  be  planted  by 
them,  at  least  seven  or  eight  logs  high,  also,  as  the  English 
could  not  distinguish  one  Indian  from  another,  no  Indian  was 
to  come  into  any  Englishman's  plantation,  painted,  but 
should  lay  down  their  guns,  bows  and  arrows  and  call  aloud 
before  they  came  within  300  paces  of  any  clear  ground. 

The  chiefs  told  Col.  Ennalls  that  the  English  brought 
liquors  and  sold  them  to  their  people.  "To  break  up  this 
traffic  the  Governor  issued  a  proclamation  that  the  great  men 
of  the  Indian  towns,  upon  such  liquors  being  brought  thither, 
to  brake  and  stave  the  bottles,  casks  and  barrels,  or  over-set 
and  spill  such  other  vessels  wherein  such  liquors  shall  be 
without  being  troubled  to  answer  any  complaint  on  that 
score."  Much  of  the  hard  cider  and  brandy  made  from  the 
fruits  of  the  farmers'  orchards  in  Dorchester  County  was  sold 
to  the  Indians  in  violation  of  the  Act  passed  in  17 15,  that  for- 
bade "all  persons  from  carrying  liquor  to  any  Indian  town  or 
within  three  miles  thereof,  and  selling  the  same  to  any  Indian 
under  penalty  of  5000  pounds  of  tobacco;  or  selling  above 
one  gallon  of  spirits  or  fermented  liquor  to  any  Indian  in  one 
day."  This  quantity  of  spirits  was  quite  enough  after  all  to 
make  all  the  Indians  drunk  every  day. 

When  the  Indians  were  imposed  upon  by  the  English,  they 
often  appealed  to  the  council  of  the  province  for  redress. 
Tequassino,  one  of  the  great  men,  complained  "that  he  sold  a 
horse  to  an  Englishman  in  Cabin  Creek,  the  name  of  the  man 
he  did  not  know,  but  there  was  still  due  him  on  the  horse 
eight  matchcoats.^  The  Council  ordered  the  Sheriflf  of  Dor- 
chester County  to  take  into  his  custody  Henry  Thomas  to 
answer  the  complaint  for  non-payment  due  on  the  horse." 

In  1742  the  Six  Nations,  allied  Indian  tribes,  laid  claim  to 
large  tracts  of  Maryland  land  along^  the  Susquehanna  and 
Potomac  Rivers,  and  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  the  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  and  claimed  such  payment  for  it  as  they  estimated 


'A  matchcoat  was  an  Indian  blanket,  made  of  Duffield  cloth,  with  the 
wool  long  upon  one  side  so  as  to  remind  the  savages  of  their  furs. 


176  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

the  land  to  be  worth.  After  some  delay  and  failure  to  nego- 
tiate a  sale  of  their  claims  the  Shawnee  Indians  tried  to  per- 
suade the  Eastern  Shore  Indians  to  rise  in  revolt  with  them 
and  massacre  the  white  settlers.  Some  friendly  Indians  in- 
formed the  whites  of  the  plot,  prompt  defences  were  made 
along  the  frontier,  and  a  great  massacre  was  averted.  The 
story  of  the  conspiracy  is  fully  explained  in  the  following 
affidavit : 

**The  examination  of  Jemmy  Smallhomony,  one  of  the 
Atchawamp  Indians  of  Great  Choptank,  taken  before  me, 
Henry  Hooper,  one  of  his  Lordship's  Justices  of  the  Provin- 
cial Court,  taken  this  25th  day  of  June,  1742. 

"This  examinate  sayeth  that  about  the  middle  of  May  last 
there  was  an  agreement  made  between  some  Indians  that 
came  from  Shawan  (being  23  in  number),  and  the  several 
nations  of  our  own  Indians,  to  rise  and  cut  off  the  English, 
and  that  two  of  our  Indians  went  up  with  them  in  order  to 
know  the  time  which  was  agreed  on  to  be  this  moon,  and  to 
be  assisted  with  500  of  the  Shawan  and  Northern  Indians,  and 
about  the  same  time  the  French,  with  the  assistance  of  other 
Indians,  were  to  attack  the  back  inhabitants  of  Maryland  and 
Pennsylvania,  This  examinant  further  saieth  that  the  several 
nations  of  our  Indians  have  built  a  lodge  house  about  20  feet 
long  and  15  feet  wide  in  Pocomoke  Swamp  for  a  reix>sitory  to 
secure  their  arms  and  ammunition,  and  that  they  now  in  the 
said  house  have  several  guns  with  a  good  deal  of  ammunition, 
and  a  large  quantity  of  poisoned  arrows  pointed  with  brass, 
and  that  they  intended  to  begin  the  attack  in  Somerset  and 
Dorset,  and  several  places  in  one  and  the  same  night,  and 
when  they  had  cut  off  the  English  in  those  two  counties,  to 
extend  their  conquest  upwards  till  they  had  joined  the  other 
Indians  and  the  French.  This  deponent  further  saith  the 
Said  Indians  intended  to  destroy  man,  woman  and  child,  as 
far  as  they  extended  their  conquest,  etc. 

his 

"Jemmy  X  Smallhommony. 

mark 

"Taken  the  day  and  year  above  written  by  me. 

"Henry  Hooper." 


INDIANS  LEAVE  DORCHESTER  COUNTY  1/7 

In  1744  the  Indian  tribes  then  living  in  Dorchester  began 
to  leave  the  province,  and  to  locate  new  homes  in  greater  for- 
ests with  broad  hunting  grounds  and  more  game,  farther 
away  from  the  whites,  who  continually  invaded  their  reserva- 
tion and  influenced  "their  young  people  to  adopt  more  vices 
than  virtues."  After  the  death  of  their  "Crowned  King,"  or 
head  chief,  Winicaco,  about  1720,  being  subjects  of  the  Iro- 
quois Indians,  to  whom  they  paid  tribute,  and  by  whom  they 
were  influenced,  they  became  more  and  more  dissatisfied  with 
the  limits  of  their  reservation,  and  menaced  surroundings 
until  they  finally  departed  from  the  province.  The  Choptank 
Indians  and  a  few  scattering  families  of  other  tribes  remained 
in  Dorchester  and  by  degeneration  and  intermarriage  with 
the  "blacks,"  became  entirely  extinct  about  1840.  They  left 
behind  them  a  memorable  history,  a  collected  vocabulary^  of 
the  names  of  places,  objects  and  customs,  in  their  language. 
This,  together  with  written  stories  and  oral  traditions  of 
them  will  animate  an  inquiring  interest  in  the  minds  of  our 
future  generations,  closely  akin  to  our  thrilling  interest  in  the 
"redskins,"  be  they  Nanticokes  or  Mohicans. 


*A  vocabulary  of  their  language  was  obtained  by  Mr.  Williams  Vans 
Murray,  in  1792,  from  the  remnants  of  tribes  still  in  Maryland.  It  is  in 
the  library  of  the  American  Philological  Society,  but  has  never  been  cor- 
rectly or  completely  printed. 


Colored  Race  in  Dorchester  County. 
CHAPTER  XXI. 

SLAVERY  DAYS — PERIOD  OF  FREEDOM— PROGRBSS^HURCHES. 

With  the  first  white  settlers  that  came  to  Dorchester,  black 
slaves  or  servants  were  brought,  few  at  first  but  as  farming 
grew  and  cheap  labor  became  profitable,  direct  importations 
of  negroes  were  landed  at  Cambridge  and  Vienna,  and  sold 
for  the  cost  of  transportation.  From  the  earliest  days  of  the 
slave-holding  period  to  its  termination  there  were  some  free 
blacks  who  had  either  bought  their  freedom  from  their  mas- 
ters or  had  been  set  free  at  a  certain  age  or  by  decree  at  their 
master's  death. 

Slave  service  was  not  more  severe  in  Dorchester  than 
in  other  slave-holding  sections  of  the  country.  As  else- 
where, members  of  slave  families  were  liable  to  be  sold  and 
separated,  husband  from  wife,  and  children  from  parents. 
Some  masters  and  overseers  cruelly  treated  their  slaves,  who 
were  scantily  clothed  and  poorly  fed,  while  overtasked  and 
whipped  for  failing  to  i>erform  excessive  work.  Inhuman 
cruelty  was  rare,  but  from  the  lips  of  my  grandmother  I  was 
told  of  a  woman,  owner  of  a  number  of  slaves,  and  whose 
name  is  still  perpetuated  by  her  descendants  on  the  Eastern 
Shore,  who  had  her  slaves  lined  up  and  whipped  every  Mon- 
day morning,  those  most  deserving  of  punishment  being 
washed  with  salt  and  water  pickle  after  the  whipping.  I  am 
unable  to  decide  why  she  had  the  salt  water  applied.  Was 
it  an  antiseptic  treatment  for  injured  tissue,  or  was  it  to 
inflict  more  punishment  by  the  severe  irritation  it  produced 
'on  application  to  excoriated  backs? 

In  the  county,  public  and  private  sales  of  slaves  were  fre- 
quent during  the  colonial  period;  the  traffic  was  then  local 


COLORED  CHURCHES  I79 

and  chiefly  confined  to  the  counties  of  Maryland.  After  the 
RevoluticMi,  when  new  States  were  organizwl  in  the  "South," 
the  settlers  there  needed  more  manual  labor,  which  made  an 
active  demand  for  Maryland  slaves  at  a  good  price.  Negro 
buyers,  often  called  "Georgia  Traders,"  came  to  Cambridge 
and  other  places  in  the  county  and  bought  young  slaves 
whom  they  carried  "South."  At  these  heart-rending  sepa- 
rations between  the  slave  husband  and  wife,  parents  and 
children,  brothers  and  sisters,  rivers  of  burning  tears  were 
poured  out,  and  bitter  wails  of  lamentation  sent  up  to  Him 
who  heareth  all  things  and  seeth  the  "sparrow  fall."  In  His 
own  providential  time  and  way  He  seemeth  to  have  made  the 
bondmen  free. 

In  1863  the  emancipated  colored  people  with  free  blacks  in 
the  county  numbered  about  8400;  by  the  census  of  1900 
about  9463,  a  very  slow  increase  of  about  one-fourth  of  one 
per  cent,  annually. 

On  industrial  lines,  the  advancement  of  the  colored  race 
here  has  been  slow,  many  having  barely  met  the  scanty  re- 
quirements for  food  and  clothing.  Many  others  have 
acquired  personal  and  real  property  and  live  very  comfort- 
ably. In  education  the  young  have  made  creditable  pro- 
gress with  the  facilities  afforded.  As  in  slavery  days,  they 
are  a  punctual  and  zealous  church-going  people.  In  many 
families  their  cultivated  good  habits  mark  out  a  progressive 
and  better  future  for  the  frugal  and  industrious. 

Church  influences  and  business  association  wth  the  pre- 
dominant white  inhabitants  have  had  an  elevating  effect  on 
most  of  the  colored  race  in  the  county;  the  masses  are  law- 
abiding,  quiet  and  peaceable  citizens. 

THEIR  CHURCHES. 

The  colored  race  throughout  the  county  has  respectable 
and  fair  sized  church  buildings.  In  Cambridge,  "Waugh 
Chapel"  M.  E.  Church  was  first  built  in  1826,  which  was 
replaced  by  a  second  building  and  that  by  a  third,  which  has 
been   abandoned   for  the   fourth    one   now  well    advanced 


l8o  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

towards  completion.  It  is  a  handsome  structure,  built  of 
brick  and  gray  stone  trimmings  in  the  latest  style  of  archi- 
tecture. B.  D.  Price,  Esq.,  is  the  architect,  and  J.  Benj. 
Brown  the  contractor.  It  will  cost  about  eleven  thousand 
dollars  and  seat  six  or  seven  hundred  people.  The  member- 
ship is  over  three  hundred,  while  there  is  a  large  Sunday 
school  of  two  hundred  scholars.  The  present  pastor  is  Rev. 
A.  L.  Martin,  who  has  been  in  charge  of  the  church  for  sev- 
eral years.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Princess  Anne  Academy, 
and  Morgan  College  of  Baltimore.  The  new  Waugh 
Chapel,  when  completed,  will  be  one  of  the  finest  churches  in 
the  Delaware  Conference  District. 

Bethel  African  M.  E.  Church,  in  Cambridge,  was  built  in 
1879.  It  is  a  neat,  brick  edifice,  with  a  membership  of  about 
three  hundred,  with  a  fine  Sunday  school  of  about  two  hun- 
dred pupils.  The  pastor,  who  has  been  in  charge  of  the  con- 
gregation for  the  past  five  years,  is  Rev.  James  E.  Martin,  a 
native  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  educated  at  Howard 
University.  This  church  belongs  to  the  Baltimore  Confer- 
ence. 

In  Dorchester  County  there  are  fifteen  churches  for  colored 
people  that  belong  to  the  Delaware  Conference  and  seven  to 
the  Baltimore  Conference,  controlled  by  a  body  of  twenty- 
four  bishops.  There  is  one  colored  Baptist  church  in  Cam- 
bridge, "Zion  B.  C,"  built  in  1895.  Rev.  Mr.  Scott  is  the 
pastor. 


Domestic  and  Social  Life  in  Colonial  Days. 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

The  pioneer  settlers,  who  were  led  by  the  hand  of  destiny 
to  select  that  part  of  the  Eastern  Shore  between  the  Chop- 
tank  and  the  Na^ticoke  Rivers,  as  early  as  1645,  ^tnd  later  on, 
came  with  some  knowledge  of  colonization,  as  most  of  them 
were  from  Virginia,  the  Western  Shore  and  Kent  Island. 
With  small  means  they  were  obliged  to  construct  cheap  and 
plain  rough-hewn  houses  of  logs  and  clap-boards  out  of  the 
abundance  of  timber  that  densely  grew  on  every  acre  of  land. 
•  With  more  refinement  and  better  management,  they  did  not 
become  cave-dwellers,  like  hundreds  of  their  Pennsylvania 
neighbors,  who  dug  out  caves  for  homes  in  the  sides  of  hills, 
that  were  used  by  humble  newcomers  to  live  in  for  half  a 
century.  Without  saw-mills  and  brick  kilns,  our  ancestors, 
sturdy  and  strong,  with  axe  in  hand,  were  the  architects  of 
their  log  cabin  homes;  many  were  built  comfortable  and  sub- 
stantial, though  the  broad  chimneys  were  constructed  of  clay 
and  riven  sticks  of  wood,  and  the  clap-board  doors  and  win- 
dow shutters  were  hung  on  wooden  hinges.  The  simple 
door  fastening^  for  those  combination  houses — the  best  room 
and  kitchen — ^was  the  wooden  latch  to  which  the  latch-string 
was  attached,  that  usually  hung  outside.  This  outhanging 
latch-string  was  the  symbol  of  neighborly  welcome  to  enter 
the  threshold  of  colonial  hospitality,  where  within  warm- 
hearted hosts  generously  dispensed  to  their  guests  the  best 
that  could  be  had  to  eat,  with  every  home  and  fireside  com- 
fort at  their  command. 

When  prosperity  and  wealth  came  to  the  exclusively  agri- 
cultural colonists  from  profitable  crops  of  tobacco,  dwelling 
houses  and  other  farm  buildings  were  greatly  improved; 
where  once  stood  the  log-cabin  there  rose  the  commodious 


l82  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

dwelling.  Domestic  and  foreign  luxuries  were  soon  col- 
lected in  and  about  many  a  planter's  home.  Most  colonists 
loved  locations  commanding  views  and  water-fronts.  How 
interesting  to  visit  old  houses  built  in  colonial  times,  or  note 
sites  where  others  once  stood  in  places  well  and  tastefully 
chosen  by  their  departed  founders. 

To  return  to  the  primitive  settlers  in  their  barely  furnished 
homes;  there  is  much  to  note  of  their  many  domestic  priva- 
tions and  inconveniences.  Yet  they  always  had  one  com- 
fort, the  oi>en  blazing  fire  in  great  fireplaces,  for  wood  was 
close  by  and  plentiful  and  only  cost  the  cutting.  To  avoid 
too  much  wood  cutting  and  splitting,  the  fireplaces  were 
built  very  large,  eight,  nine  or  ten  feet  wide  and  four  or  five 
feet  in  depth;  some  were  so  large  that  the  children  could 
sit  inside  the  jambs  while  the  dinner  was  boiling  in  the  great 
iron  pot,  swung  on  the  pot-rack  over  the  flaming  log-fire. 


THE  LIGHT  OF  OTHER   NIGHTS. 

When  twilight  ushered  in  the  night  and  the  log-fires  dimly 
burned  on  stately  hearths,  the  pine-knots  then  were  lighted, 
the  colonial  lamps  of  that  day,  which  cast  bright  reflections 
throughout  the  house  and  homely  shadows  of  the  hominy 
mortar  and  spinning  wheel  upon  the  white-washed  walls. 
At  that  period  candles  were  costly  and  scarce,  and  tallow 
was  high.  Candles  imported  were  worth  four  pence  apiece. 
But  soon  the  colonial  housewife  made  her  candle  wicks  and 
dipped  her  own  candles  or  cast  them  in  metal  molds,  thus 
tediously  ma.de,  they  were  economically  used.  Minister 
M ,  on  a  small  income,  it  is  said,  had  his  candle  extin- 
guished as  a  frugal  practice  during  long  family  prayers  every 
evening. 

Without  candles  at  first,  and  later,  oil  lamps,  every  farmer 
laid  in  a  good  supply  of  *'light-wood"  for  winter;  even  to-day 
open  fireplaces  and  "light-wood"  are  still  in  use  by  a  few 
old-fashioned,  rural  residents.  Grass,  pewter  and  lead  candle- 
sticks were  followed  by  iron,  pewter  and  glass  lamps. 


KITCHEN  FIRESIDES  AND  FURNITURE  1 83 

For  many  years  the  primitive  ways  of  kindling  fires  and 
striking  lights  without  application  of  existing  fire  was  prac- 
ticed here,  as  throughout  the  world.     When  the  ash  covered 
fire  in  the  fireplace  died  entirely  out  during  the  night,  a  mes- 
senger was  often  sent,  one  of  the  children  or  a  servant,  to  the 
nearest  neighbor's  house  to  "borrow  fire'*  which  was  car- 
xned  between  pieces  of  oak  bark,  or  kindling  wood  for  start- 
ing a  new  fire.  One  ancient  contrivance,  found  in  every  home, 
^^"as  the  tinder  box,  containing  tinder  (scorched  linen  or  cam- 
Idhc),  a  flint  stone  and  a  pwece  of  steel;  in  case  of  emergency 
it  was  used  for  starting  fires  or  making  a  light  by  rapidly 
striking  the  stone  against   the  steel  with  friction  strokes 
"^hich  produced  sparks  that  ignited  the  tinder.     Another 
snethod  of  producing  fire  was  to  flash  gunpowder  in  the  pan 
of  flint-and-steel  gunlocks  on  old  muskets  which  ignited 
twists  of  "tow"  placed  in  contact. 

In  the  days  of  our  great-grandfathers  and  even  grand- 
bthers,  fires  were  started  as  here  briefly  described.  Friction 
matches  were  first  made  in  England  in  1827.  From  the 
origin  of  Dorchester  County  in  1669,  to  1830,  only  a  little 
more  than  sixty  years  ago,  the  tinder-box,  powder-flash  and 
neighbor's  fire,  were  some  of  the  inconvenient  methods  of 
rekindling  extinguished  fires  in  the  homes  of  our  ancestry. 

KITCHEN  FIRESIDES  AND  FURNITURE. 

In  the  farmers'  kitchens  and  about  their  fireplaces  were 
found  only  the  most  useful  utensils  of  domestic  necessities. 
From  the  lubber-pole  in  the  great  chimney  flue  hung  the  pot- 
rack  and  swivels  for  hanging  on  the  pot-hook,  from  which 
swung  pHDts  and  kettles  over  blazing  fires  for  cooking  meats, 
boiling  hominy  and  other  food.  On  the  hearth  of  fire-burnt 
clay  stood  the  oven  and  spider  for  baking  Indian  pone  and 
Maryland  biscuit;  the  skillet,  frying  pan,  grid-iron,  fire  shovel 
and  tongs  occupied  convenient  places  within  the  chimney 
jambs.  The  johnny  cake,  made  of  corn  meal,  and  the  plate- 
cake  of  wheat  flour,  baked  on  wooden  bbards  set  up  on  the 
hearth  before  the  fire,  must  be  mentioned,  as  no  better  bread 


184  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

ever  passed  within  the  mouths  of  hungry  childhood  before  or 
since  the  days  of  modern  cookery.  While  the  poor  had  but  few 
household  goods,  the  well-to-do  homes  were  better  supplied. 
Of  table-ware,  china  was  very  rare  and  never  commonly  used 
before  the  Revolutionary  period.  Among  the  first  settlers, 
wooden  plates  or  trenchers,  metal  knives,  pewter  spoons  and 
some  earthen  dishes  with  a  pewter  or  silver  tankard  of  water, 
completed  the  table  outfit  in  plain  homes.  Table  forks  were 
almost  unknown,  the  first  mention  of  a  fork  in  Virginia  was 
in  1677.  The  writer,  when  a  boy,  saw  his  uncle  mold  pew- 
ter spoons  in  molds  that  his  grandfather  brought  from 
England.  Glassware  was  very  rare;  glass  bottles  were  so 
appreciated  as  to  be  specially  mentioned  in  Tvills.  Separate 
drinking  cups  for  each  person  at  the  dining  table  were  not 
in  use.  When  large  tumblers  were  first  brought  into  use 
they  were  passed  from  one  person  to  another  to  take  a  drink 
of  the  contents,  whether  it  be  water,  cider  or  wine.  Gourds 
were  abundantly  raised  on  the  farms  and  used  in  every 
kitchen  for  dipping  water  and  drinking  it  as  well.  While 
those  early  settlers  bore  many  privations,  yet  they  impro- 
vised some  conveniences.  In  the  place  of  manufactiu'ed 
chairs,  then  so  scarce,  they  made  benches  for  seats  at  the  din- 
ing table,  where,  by  the  way,  children  were  not  allowed  to 
sit  with  their  elders  or  parents  at  meals,  and  often  were 
required  to  eat  their  meals  while  standing — a  strange,  almost 
cruel,  custom.  Home-made  spoons,  trays,  trenchers  and 
hominy  mortars  of  wood  were  household  necessities,  and 
wooden  forks,  shovels  and  ploughs  were  equally  as  useful 
in  the  fields.  Food  supplies  were  ample — Indian  com,  some 
hogs  and  cattle,  deer  and  wild  turkeys  in  abundance;  fish  of 
many  kinds  in  every  river,  and  oysters  covering  every  bar 
and  river  bottom.  Of  this  variety  of  food  only  com  bread 
was  objectionable,  in  some  instances  its  constant  use  caused 
"family  jars"  and  led  to  the  greater  cultivation  of  wheat,  and 
the  use  of  more  wheat  bread.  With  these  limited  resources 
and  but  few  others,  the  plain  settlers  and  their  descendants 
constituting  the  great  bulk  of  the  population  in  Dorchester 


SCXnAL  LIFE  IN   COLONIAL  DORSET  1 85 

G)unty,  lived  for  a  hundred  years  before  they  much  improved 
thdr  domestic  surroundings. 

CLASS  DISTINCTIONS  AMONG  THE  WHITES. 

Among  the  early  colonists  in  the  county,  a  few  came  with 
means  that  enabled  them  to  buy  large  tracts  of  land,  which 
they  sold  to  advantage  in  smaller  lots  or  extensively  culti- 
vated with  servants  at  a  good  profit.  Soon  they  became 
wealthy  and  formed  a  distinct  social  class,  chiefly  slave 
holders.  This  line  of  distinction  was  so  definitely  drawn  at 
some  places  that  poor  white  families  and  the  family  tenants 
of  large  land  holders  were  assigned  to  separate  parts  of  the 
church  when  attending  religious  service,  and  at  public  places 
or  taverns  the  wealthy  families  were  guests  of  the  parlors  and 
dimng  rooms  while  the  tenants*  families  were  quartered  in 
the  kitchens  and  back  rooms. 

Domestic  surroundings  and  home  conveniences  greatly 
influenced  and  graded  social  life,  which  is  described  as  fol- 
lows: 

SOCIAL  LIFE  IN  COLONIAL  DORSET. 

(By  Mrs,  Hester  Dorsey  Richardson  J) 

In  reviewing  the  social  life  of  Dorchester  County  in  col- 
^ial  days  we  find  that  it  had  no  peculiar  or  distinctive  cus- 
toms of  its  own — that  it  shared  with  other  counties  the  good 
^Id  English  mode  of  life,  primitive  in  the  early  days  but  based 
preeminently  upon  the  exclusive  ideas  of  the  English  gentry. 
Here  as  elsewhere  in  Maryland,  the  land  was  patented  in 
large  tracts  of  hundreds  and  even  thousands  of  acres.     These 
estates  or  plantations  were  the  centres  of  social  life  in  the 
county.     Towns  did  not  flourish  in  Dorchester  in  the  early 
days.     The  English  settlers,  true  to  the  habits  and  traditions 
of  the  Mother  Country,  preferred  to  live  in  the  heart  of  large 
landed  possessions  which  gave  them  both  the  seclusion  and 
power  so  dear  to  the  Britain.     The  broad  fields  which  now 
yield  so  abundantly  in  golden  grain  were,  in  colonial  times, 


l86       '  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

devoted  to  the  culture  of  tobacco,  which  constituted  the  only 
currency  of  the  country. 

The  question  of  labor  was  not  a  difficult  one  in  those  days 
when  every  outgoing  ship  laden  with  the  crops  of  "sweet- 
scented  tobacco"  bound  for  England,  returned  with  consign- 
ments of  not  only  comforts  and  luxuries  for  the  planters,  but 
with  adventurous  young  immigrants  who  became  "inden- 
tured apprentices"  for  a  term  of  four  years  in  return  for  the 
payment  of  their  passage  over.  The  landed  projjrietors  were 
only  too  glad  to  buy  the  time  of  service  of  these  young  fel- 
lows who  were  often  of  fine  old  lineage  and  in  many  instances 
well  educated  but  without  means. 

The  romance  of  the  conditions  which  naturally  arose  on 
the  estates  has  been  grasped  by  the  modem  novelist  to  good 
effect,  and  the  unfortunate  relation  between  the  young  men 
of  good  blood  in  a  state  of  temporary  servitude  to  his  mas- 
ter's family  has  been  strongly  pwctured. 

In  the  earliest  years  of  the  colony,  the  settlers  were  so 
harassed  by  the  Indians  that  the  plantations  were  neglected 
and  many  of  their  occupants  would  have  suffered  but  for  the 
natural  food  supplies  for  which  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Mary- 
land is  still  famous. 

When,  however,  the  population  increased,  driving  the  Red 
Men  from  their  native  haunts  along  the  waterways,  wealth 
increased  and  was  soon  reflected  in  the  homes  and  manner 
of  life  in  the  colony. 

After  the  Revolution  of  1688  and  the  advent  of  a  Royal 
Governor  in  Maryland,  none  of  the  English  ways  and  cus- 
toms were  adopted. 

Peace  and  prosi>erity  came  hand-in-hand  and  early  in  sev- 
enteen hundred  the  log  cabins  of  the  settlers  were  replaced 
by  more  pretentious  frame  houses,  and  toward  the  middle  of 
the  century  not  a  few  fine  brick  mansions  were  erected  in 
place  of  the  homes  of  simple  design  throughout  the  colony. 

In  Dorchester  County  we  find  only  a  few  survivals  of  the 
period  notable  for  lavish  hospitality  and  pretentious  liv- 
ing.    While,  however,  there  was  not  so  large  a  community 


SOCIAL  UFE  IN  COLONIAL  DORSET  1 87 

of  wealthy  land  holders  here  as  in  the  counties  of  St.  Mary's 
and  Anne  Arundel,  when  the  capital  cities  drew  to  them- 
selves and  their  outlying  districts  those  who  were  near  to 
the  throne,  we  yet  find  evidences  of  a  free  and  open-handed 
life  in  old  Dorset. 

The  English  sports  of  fox-hunting,  cock-fighting  and  bear- 
baiting  engaged  the  time  and  attention  of  the  colonial  gen- 
"try  here  in  Dorchester  no  less  than  in  Queen  Anne's,  Som- 
erset and  other  Eastern  Shore  counties.  Many  a  high- 
iDred  colonial  dame  rode  to  hounds  with  all  the  daring  of  her 
"brother,  the  squire,  or  Lord  of  the  Manor,  and  doffing  habit 
^uid  top  boots,  presided  at  her  father's  well-spread  mahogany 
"^rith  the  grace  of  one  "to  the  manner  bom." 

Gay  house  parties  were  the  distinctive  feature  of  the 
social  life  in  colonial  Maryland.  The  family  coach,  filled 
"with  merry  young  folks,  accompanied  by  attendant  cavaliers 
on  horseback,  was  the  mode  of  their  unexpected  arrivals,  or 
the  music  of  the  horns  and  bay  of  the  hounds  were  many 
times  the  first  intimation  to  a  hostess  that  her  house  was  soon 
to  be  filled  to  overflowing  with  the  pleasure-seekers  already 
crossing  her  husband's  "preserves." 

While  the  wide-spreading  portals  of  colonial  mansions 
bespeak  the  lavish  hospitality  which  was  so  graciously  dis- 
pensed, both  mistress  and  master  found  much  of  the  practical 
side  of  life  to  absorb  their  attention. 

It  is  true  that  on  all  large  plantations  there  was  an  over- 
seer to  bear  the  burden  of  the  out-door  management,  yet 
the  master  did  not  rely  entirely  on  this  valuable  assistant. 
Daily,  usually  immediately  after  breakfast,  he  would  ride  over 
his  estate  on  horseback,  keeping  personally  in  touch  with  the 
cultivation  of  his  acres  as  well  as  the  condition  of  his  slaves, 
the  successors  to  the  eariy  apprentices.  Leaving  his  overseer 
to  put  his  orders  into  execution,  the  proprietor  lived  the  life 
of  a  gentleman  of  leisure,  concerning  himself  with  politics 
and  questions  of  national  importance. 

The  real  colonial  dame  had  her  duties  as  well  as  her 
pleasures,  not  only  did  sHe  look  well  to  the  ways  of  her 


l88  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

household  in  the  routine  fashion  of  the  modem  woman,  but 
sihe  directed  her  women  servants  in  the  weaving  of  linen 
and  cotton,  in  the  knitting  of  socks  and  stockings  and  the 
cutting  and  making  of  garments  for  her  slaves. 

Besides  looking  out  for  their  material  comforts  she  was 
their  spiritual  guide  and  their  friend  and  counselor  in 
trouble. 

A  quilting  bee  was  a  popular  form  of  entertaining  among 
the  young  people  of  the  Eastern  Shore  in  colonial  times  and 
later. 

The  hostess  having  finished  piecing  a  quilt  would  invite  all 
the  young  ladies  of  the  neighborhood  to  quilt  it,  each  would 
arrive  with  her  reticule  at  her  side  containing  her  own  thinv 
ble,  scissors  and  needle  book. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  their  tongues  flew  even  more  swiftly 
than  did  their  needles  when  the  lively  young  creatures  got 
to  work.  Gossip,  wit  and  good-natured  raillery  made  the 
time  pass  quickly  and  with  the  twilight  came  the  beaux,  the 
quilting  finished,  the  frames  were  moved  out  of  the  way  and, 
after  a  hearty  suppler,  the  floor  was  cleared  for  dancing. 
Thus  what  would  have  been  a  tiresome  task,  when  turned  into 
a  frolic  became  a  popular  means  of  diversion.  Many  of 
the  quilts  made  under  such  circumstances  have  been  pre- 
served as  heir-looms  in  old  families  of  the  county. 

In  Dorchester,  more  largely  than  in  most  other  counties, 
early  customs  have  been  preserved;  but  here  as  in  other 
sections  of  the  South,  the  late  war,  with  the  subsequent  de- 
sertion of  the  old  plantations  for  town  and  city  life  with  their 
enlarged  opportunities,  marked  the  passing  of  the  ideal  social 
life  in  the  counties  of  Maryland. 


County  Folklore  and  Superstitions. 

CHAPTER  XXIII. 

Many  popular  superstitions  are  transmitted  from  genera- 
tion to  generation  by  oral  traditions  and  family  customs, 
from  parents  to  children,  and  from  friendly  associates  to  each 
other,  that  are  accepted  in  as  strong  faith  as  belief  in  "Holy 
Writ."    Youthful  impression  of  that  character  become  fixed 
superstitions  for  practical  application  and  use  as  time,  place 
and  circumstances  point  to  their  supernatural  influence.     In- 
animate  objects   and   customs   are   venerated   in    business 
transactions,  laboring  pursuits,  and  social  events,  rites  and 
ceremonies  are  performed  for  love,  luck,  health  and  pros- 
perity.    This  credulous  belief  in  the  power  of  supernatural 
effects  and  signs  for  good  or  evil  deeply  impresses  the  mar- 
iner on  his  ship,  the  farmer  at  his  plow,  the  minister  in  his 
church,  the  physician  in  his  profession,  the  swain  in  his  doubt- 
ful wooing,  and  the  fair  maid  in  her  delusory  dreams  of  hope 
and  happiness,  and  in  short  every  grade  of  society,  from  the 
inmates  of  the  poorest  home  to  those  who  dwell  in  palatial 
mansions.     Over  the  cabin  doors  of  the  Southern  blacks,  in 
the  little  cottages  of  the  mountain  miners,  about  the  premises 
of  the  busy  farmers,  on  the  bow  of  the  stately  ship  and  little 
byster  )boat  and  somewhere  about  'the   homes  of  wealth 
counted  by  millions,  and  at  the  "White  House,"  too,  the 
horse  shoe  hangs  for  "luck."     The  origin  of  its  universal  use 
for  a  specific  influence  to  bring  good  fortune  to  its  possessors 
is  simply  mythical. 

No  better  field  for  the  study  of  folklore  in  this  country  can 
be  found  than  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.  Settled  as 
it  was  at  an  early  date  by  an  almost  exclusively  English 
stock  and  practically  untouched  by  later  immigration,  it  has 
kept  and  handed  down  old  English  forms  of  speech,  customs 


190  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

and  traditions  quite  in  their  original  form.  The  folklare 
that  abounds  in  Shakes[>eare  is  extant  at  this  day  in  Dor- 
chester; half  the  inhabitants  of  Hooper's  Island  still  misplace 
their  h's  in  true  cockney  style  while  our  regularly  used  phrase 
"right  smart,"  regarded  by  outsiders  as  dialect,  is  found  in 
the  writings  of  Sir  Philip  Sydney. 

The  superstition  of  the  negroes  has  contributed  largely  to 
the  folklore  of  the  present  day,  yet  it  is  by  no  means  con- 
fined to  the  black  or  ignorant,  but  the  myths,  legends  and 
superstitious  stories  which  many  people  in  the  county  regard 
with  interest  and  attach  importance  to  originated  among 
various  races  of  i>eople  centuries  ago  and  were  imported  to 
our  shore,  where  was  found  a  fertile  soil  for  vigorous  growth 
and  easy  culture,  due  to  the  early  association  of  black  slaves, 
indentured  servants  and  master's  children  in  the  same  house- 
hold. 

Some  of  the  most  common  popular  beliefs  and  sayings  are 
here  given : 

INFLUENCE  OF  NATURAL  SIGNS  AND 

PHENOMENA. 

SUNRISE  AND  SUNSET  REFLECTIONS. 

"Evenings  red  and  mornings  gray 
Are  certain  signs  of  a  beautiful  day; 
Evenings  gray  and  mornings  red 
Will  bring  down  rain  upon  the  traveler's  head." 

BURIALS  OF  THE  DEAD  AFTER  THE  SUN  CROSSES 

THE  NOON-DAY  MERIDIAN. 

In  Straits  District  no  dead  persons  are  buried  until  after 
"the  sun  turns." 


MOON  SIGNS  AND  INFLUENCES. 

A  new  moon  with  both  horns  or  points  inclined  upwards 
indicates  to  the  farmer  dry  weather;  if  the  upper  horn  is 


FOLKLORE  AND  SUPERSTITIONS  I9I 

turned  downward,  wet  weather,  rains  will  soon  fallow.  The 
position  of  the  crescent  moon  shows  her  ability  to  hold  water 
in  the  clouds  or  pour  it  out  in  copious  showers. 

Full  moons  in  the  mornings  indicate  storms;  in  evening, 
fair  weather. 

The  new  moon  that  appears  south  of  west  means  warm 
weather  for  that  phase,  and  when  north  of  west,  cold  weather 
compared  with  the  prevailing  season. 


MOON'S  INFLUENCE  ON  PLANTING  SEED  AND  GROWING 

CROPS. 

For  potatoes  and  all  crops  that  grow  in  the  ground  the 
seed  planting  should  be  done  on  that  change  of  the  moon 
when  there  are  dark  nights  to  insure  good  crops. 

Com  and  all  other  crops  that  develop  above  ground 
should  be  planted  in  the  period  of  moonlight  nights,  as  light 
is  one  of  the  essential  elements  required  to  produce  full  crops 
of  cereals  and  other  like  grown  products. 

To  kill  hogs  on  the  decrease  of  the  moon  causes  the  pork 
to  shrink  when  cooked. 

FATED  BY  WIND. 

If  peas,  beans  or  vegetables  that  g^ow  in  pods  are  planted 
^hen  the  wind  is  northeast  they  will  not  bear  or  produce 
a  crop. 

SUPERSTITIONS— REMEDIES   FOR  SOME 

DISEASES. 

TO  CURE  A  STY. 

Go  to  some  footpath  or  highway  where  people  frequently 
travel  and  repeat  the  following: 

"Sty,  sty,  leave  my  eye, 
Go  on  the  next  one's  eye  that  passes  by." 


192  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

TO  CURE  CHILLS. 

Tie  as  many  knots  in  a  string  as  you  have  had  chills,  then 
drop  the  string  and  the  person  who  finds  it  and  counts  the 
knots  will  have  the  chills,  and  you  will  be  free  from  them. 

Or — Cut  as  many  notches  in  a  stick  as  you  have  had  chills, 
then  throw  it  behind  you  without  looking  back  and  the  per- 
son who  finds  it  and  counts  the  notches  will  get  the  chills. 

Or — Bore  a  hole  in  a  tree,  blow  into  it  once  for  each  chill 
and  the  tree  will  take  the  chills  and  die. 


TO  CURE  WARTS. 

Find  a  hollow  stump  with  water  standing  in  it,  wash  the 
wart  and  go  away  without  looking  back. 

Or — Steal  a  bean,  cut  it  in  half  and  rub  each  half  upK>n 
the  wart,  then  bury  the  bean  under  a  doorstep.  Do  not 
look  under  the  step  again  until  the  bean  has  decayed  and  the 
wart  will  disappear. 

Brass  rings  worn  on  the  fingers  will  prevent  cramp. 

A  horse  chestnut,  if  continually  carried  or  kept  about  any 
person,  will  prevent  all  such  persons  from  ever  having  rheu- 
matism. 


TRIVIAL  SAYINGS  AND   SUPERSTITIONS. 

EVENTS  THAT  BAD  LUCK  FOLLOW. 

To  cut  hair  or  nails  during  sickness. 

To  begin  to  get  better  on  Sunday  when  sick. 

For  a  sick  person  to  suddenly  develop  a  craving  appetite 
is  to  feed  death. 

For  a  picture  to  fall  from  its  hanging  on  the  wall  denotes 
coming  death  to  some  of  the  household. 

For  two  persons  to  look  into  a  mirror  at  the  same  time 
brings  great  disappointment  to  one  or  both  of  them. 

To  break  a  looking-glass  brings  seven  years  of  bad  luck. 


FOLKLORE  AND  SUPERSTITIONS  1 93 

To  see  the  picture  of  a  corpse  in  a  mirror  is  believed  to  be 
the  sign  of  an  early  death.  For  that  belief,  mirrors  in  death 
chambers  are  turned  fronts  towards  the  wall  of  the  room 
in  which  the  dead  are  laid  until  time  for  burial. 

The  howling  of  a  dog  at  night  is  a  sign  of  sickness  or  death, 
to  stop  his  wail  and  avert  the  threatened  calamity,  turn  your 
right  shoe  on  its  side  with  the  top  part  towards  the  dog. 

Shortly  before  the  death  of  some  people  their  names  have 
been  heard  distinctly  called  and  warning  raps  or  knocks  at 
the  doors  have  often  been  heard  by  inmates  of  the  homes  in 
which  death  was  near  to  some  one  of  the  members. 

When  the  spirit  of  a  living  person  is  seen  going  away  from 
home  it  is  a  sure  sign  of  short  life  for  him.  If  seen  return- 
ing or  coming  home  instead  of  leaving  home,  long  life  is 
promised. 

To  meet  a  woman  first  in  the  morning  after  leaving  home 
will  bring  bad  luck  that  day. 

It  is  bad  luck  for  a  woman  to  be  the  first  visitor  on  New 
Year's  Day. 

To  spill  salt  means  bad  luck  unless  you  avert  it  by  throwing 
a  pinch  of  salt  over  the  left  shoulder. 

You  must  leave  the  house  by  the  same  door  you  entered 
to  avoid  bad  luck  coming  to  that  home. 


MISCELLANEOUS    SAYINGS. 

Itching  of  the  nose  means  a  visitor  is  coming;  if  on  the 
right  side,  it  indicates  a  man;  if  on  the  left,  a  woman. 

Itching  of  the  right  eye  means  a  cry;  the  left  eye,  a  laugh. 

Burning  sensations  felt  in  the  ears  warn  you  that  you  are 
the  subject  of  somebody's  talk,  either  for  good  or  evil  report. 

If  a  rooster  comes  near  the  door  and  crows  before  it,  a 
visitor  is  coming  to  that  house. 

If  a  cat  licks  its  paws  and  smoothes  its  hair  behind  its  ears 
with  them,  the  ladies  of  the  house  are  warned  to  make  their 
toilet  and  be  ready  to  receive  coming  visitors. 

n 


194  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

If  the  wish  bone  of  a  chicken  is  pulled  apart  by  two  unmar- 
ried people  until  it  is  broken,  the  one  who  holds  the  longest 
part  will  first  be  married. 

To  approach  a  gate  at  the  side  on  which  it  is  hinged  for 
the  purpose  of  opening  it  is  a  sign  that  the  person  will  not 
get  married  in  that  year. 

If  a  garden  hoe  is  carried  through  a  dwelling  house,  a 
death  will  occur  in  the  family  living  there  before  the  end  of 
the  year. 

The  first  time  you  see  a  new  moon  in  any  month,  any 
wish  that  you  make  then,  before  you  look  at  any  other  object, 
your  wish  will  be  granted  during  that  moon. 

Money  shaken  at  the  new  moon  soon  replenishes  the 
purse. 

WITCHES. 

A  broomstick  laid  across  the  doorway  will  prevent  a  witch 
from  entering  the  house. 

If  a  witch  sits  down  in  a  chair  in  which  is  sticking  or  is 
afterwards  stuck  a  fork,  she  cannot  rise  as  long  as  the  fork 
stays  there.  An  example  of  this  was  tested  at  the  "Dr. 
Johnson"  place  in  "Lakes"  with  old  "Suf,"  who  was  said 
to  be  a  witch. 

A  witch  can  take  a  horse  from  a  locked  stable  and  ride  it 
all  night;  the  evidence  of  this  being  the  foaming  sweat  on  the 
horse  and  the  witch  knots  tied  in  its  tail  and  mane,  often 
seen  the  next  morning. 

A  witch  can  turn  people  into  horses  and  ride  on  them. 
One  man  in  Dorchester  County  died  from  the  effects  of  such 
a  trip,  the  clay  being  found  under  his  finger  and  toe  nails. 
He  had  refused  to  let  the  witch  have  his  horse  to  ride,  so 
she  rode  the  owner  instead. 

If  a  witch  is  about  to  turn  a  sleeping  person  into  a  horse 
and  the  sleeper  awakes  in  time,  seizes  the  witch  and  holds 
her  without  speaking  until  daybreak,  she  will  assume  her 
proper  form. 


FOLKLORE  AND  SUPERSTITIONS  195 

A  witch  can  also  turn  herself  into  any  animal  she  pleases 
for  hunter's  dogs  often  trail  and  tree  witches  at  night  that 
take  the  form  of  some  animal  to  avoid  detection. 

To  kill  a  witch,  draw  a  picture  of  her  and  shoot  at  it  with 
pieces  of  silver  instead  of  lead,  bullets  or  shot;  just  where  the 
picture  is  shot  the  witch  will  be  wounded;  if  in  vital  parts  of 
the  body,  she  will  die  from  the  effects. 

TRICKS  OR  SPELLS. 

In  Dorchester  as  throughout  most  of  the  world,  the  thirti- 
eth of  October,  or  "Halloween,"  is  regarded  as  the  best  time 
to  try  "spells"  and  to  read  the  future.  "Bobbing"  for  apples, 
sweating  eggs  and  making  the  dumb  cake  are  the  favorite 
rites.  The  latter  is  probably  the  most  interesting  as  abso- 
lute silence  has  to  be  maintained  throughout  the  whole  per- 
formance and  is  a  joint  operation  of  two  people.  The  cake 
itself  is  made  up  of  salt,  flour  and  water,  of  each  one  siXK>n- 
ful.  Two  persons  holding  the  same  spoon  mix  the  ingre- 
dients and  jointly  bake  the  cake.  When  cooked  they  jointly 
divide  and  eat  it,  all  in  silence;  neither  must  they  speak  again 
until  morning,  but  in  their  dreams  they  will  behold  their 
future  partners. 

SACRED    SUPERSTITIONS. 

Old  Christmas,  or  January  6,  is  another  night  on  which 
many  supernatural  things  are  said  to  happen.  At  the  hour 
of  midnight,  hops,  world's  wonder  and  the  tiger  lily  are 
said  to  sprout  up  through  the  earth.  At  that  same  hour  all 
the  cattle  fall  upon  their  knees  as  if  in  prayer.  Thus  Nature 
and  the  lower  animals  give  thanks  for  the  birth  of  Christ. 

GHOSTS,    APPARITIONS,    BUGABOOS. 

The  worst  and  most  injurious  branch  of  folklore,  very 
prevalent  in  Dorchester  County,  is  the  telling  of  ghost 
stories  in  various  forms  in  the  presence  of  children.     In  nine- 


196  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

tenths  of  the  families  in  the  county  the  children  have  been 
schooled  in  tales  of  apparition  and  intimidating  bugaboo 
stories,  which  have  made  them  timid  and  fearful  at  night, 
even  in  their  own  homes.  False  impressions  have  been  made 
in  their  minds  about  imaginary  objects  that  never  had  an 
existence. 

As  there  are  no  ghosts  we  must  not  write  false  tales  to 
excite  fear  in  the  young  or  gratify  the  curiosity  of  the 
superstitious. 


Revolutionary  Period,  1775-1776. 
CHAPTER   XXIV. 

IimtODUCTION  TO  THE  REVOLUTIONARY  WAR— LEADING  PATRIOTS  IN  DOR- 
CHESTER COUNTY — INTEREST  WHICH  MARYLAND  TOOK  IN  DEFENCE  OF 
THE  RIGHTS  OF  THE  COLONIES—ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  MILITIA  IN  THE 
COUNTY — VOLUNTEERS  FOR  THE  CONTINENTAL  ARMY — FORMATION  OF 
THE  STATE  GOVERNMENT— DELEGATES  FROM  DORCHESTER  COUNTY  TO 
THE  PROVINCIAL  CONVENTIONS. 

Upon  the  events  of  this  period  in  the  history  of  Maryland 
and  the  American  colonies,  when  the  latent  germ  of  liberty 
became  vitalized  and  developed  into  the  tender  bud  of  Amer- 
ican freedom,  wholly  depends  our  State  and  National  exist- 
ance  of  unsurpassed  greatness  to-day.  With  this  view  of  what 
Maryland  and  Dorchester  County  now  are,  the  Revolution- 
ary Period  claims  a  large  share  of  historical  notice. 

From  the  passage  of  the  **Stamp  Act,"  in  1765,  to  1775, 
the  spirit  of  resistance  to  English  oppression  was  kindling 
the  feelings  of  many  of  the  colonists  (patriots  in  Dorchester 
County  by  no  means  excepted),  whose  active  efforts  and  hon- 
orable course,  not  hasty  in  action  but  with  calm  deliberation, 
nobly  doing  their  duty  when  the  exigencies  of  every  occasion 
demanded,  here  claim  our  special  attention,  but  limited 
space  permits  only  a  few  of  their  names  to  be  here  men- 
tioned: We  have  Robert  Goldsborough,  Daniel  Sulivane, 
Henry  Travers,  Richard  Sprigg,  Thomas  Ennalls,  William 
Ennalls,  John  Dickinson,  Joseph  Richardson,  Henry  Steele, 
John  Henry,  James  Muse,  Thomas  Jones,  Benjamin  Keene, 
Henry  Hooper,  James  Murray,  Robert  Harrison,  and  many 
others,  who  then  forgot  past  political  differencs  and  united 
in  a  common  cause  for  colonial  rights  unjustly  denied  by 
English  control  in  the  province.  Even  the  notable  agita- 
tion for  political  and  financial  rule  in  Maryland  between  the 


198  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

people  and  the  Proprietary  branch  of  the  provincial  admin- 
istration which  reached  a  high  state  of  excitement  between 
1770  and  1773,  when  the  lower  House  of  Assembly  refused 
to  renew  the  Act  for  regelating  the  fees  of  office  in  the  execu- 
tive departments  of  the  government,  and  which  Governor 
Eden  attempted  to  reestablish  by  proclamation,  and  which 
caused  the  spirited  controversy  between  Charles  Carroll  and 
Daniel  Dulany,  was  soon  buried  under  the  flood  of  patriotic 
influences  and  sentiment  that  moved  the  masses  toward  the 
revolutionary  struggle. 

The  English  methods  then  used  for  raising  revenue  for 
home  use,  by  taxing  the  American  colonist,  are  too  familiar  to 
Maryland  readers  for  repetition  here,  but  the  plans  adopted 
in  the  colonies  to  evade  the  unjust  imposition  of  "taxation 
without  representation"  were  partly  of  Maryland  origin  and 
thus  make  a  connection  with  our  local  history  through  the 
county  representatives  who  helped  to  formulate  them.  While 
non-importation  associations  had  been  organized  in  some  of 
the  colonies  and  the  refusal  to  import  British  goods  or  buy 
them,  if  imported,  had  provoked  great  commercial  disturb- 
ances in  seaport  towns,  it  was  not  sufficient  to  redress 
colonial  grievances,  long  and  patiently  borne  under  English 
rule.  The  colonists,  at  first,  did  not  propose  to  resort  to 
arms  to  secure  their  rights  as  subjects  of  their  mother-land, 
much-loved  England,  to  which,  by  kindred  blood,  they  had 
been  loyally  and  devotedly  allied;  but  the  fire-brand  that 
aroused  universal  indignation  among  them  was  the  passage 
of  the  "Boston  Port  Biir'  by  Parliament,  March  31,  1774. 
Soon  public  meetings  were  called  to  consider  the  gravity  of 
the  strained  relations  between  the  colonies  and  the  "Crown." 
One  of  the  first  meetings  was  held  in  Baltimore,  May  31, 
1774,  where  it  \vas  recommended  that  deputies  be  chosen 
from  each  county  to  convene  in  Annapolis,  there  to  deter- 
mine  on  a  course  of  conduct  for  the  province.  Delegates 
were  accordingly  chosen  and  met  at  Annapolis,  June  22, 
1774;  they  were  county  representatives  of  large  influence; 
those  from  Dorchester  being  Robert  Goldsborough,  William 


ASSOCIATION   OF  THE  FREEMEN    OF   MARYLAND  I99 

Eimalls,  Henry  Steele,  John  Ennalls,  Robert  Harrison,  Col. 
Henry    Hooper   and    Mathew    Brown.      This    convention 
resolved  to  adopt  a  commercial  policy  of  non-intercourse 
with  England,  and  appointed  deputies  to  a  Congress  of  all 
the  colonies  to  insure  unity  of  action  on  this  line.     The  gen- 
eral Congress  met  in  Philadelphia  in  September,  1774;  the 
members  from  Maryland  being  Robert  Goldsborough  (of 
Dorchester),  Mathew  Tilghman,  Thomas  Johnson,  Jr.,  Wil- 
liam Paca  and  Samuel  Chase.     There  the  Maryland  policy 
was  adopted,  and  resolutions  also  passed  urging  the  colonies 
to  use  the  best  methods  possible  for  the  preservation  of 
American  liberties.     Public  meetings  were  held  in  all  the 
counties  of  Maryland  to  ratify  this  policy;  committees  were 
chosen  to  enforce  it,  and  delegates  elected  to  a  second  con- 
vention, which  met  at  Annapolis  in  November,  but  adjourned 
until  December  8.     This  convention  provided  for  the  organ- 
ization and  drill  of  the  militia  and  the  purchase  of  arms  and 
ammunition  by  authorizing  a  subscription   of  £10,000,   of 
which  Dorchester  County  was  to  raise  £480.     This  repre- 
sentative convention  of  the  people  was  the  beginning  of  the 
political  revolution  that  converted  the  Proprietary  province 
of  Maryland  into  a  State  government. 

This  convention  of  Deputies  met  again  in  April,  1775,  and 
while  in  session,  received  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lexington. 
It  authorized  the  election  of  new  Deputies  to  the  next  con- 
vention, known  as  the  Association  of  the  Freemen  of  Mary- 
land, that  met  July  26,  1775.  The  Dorchester  County  Dele- 
gates were  Robert  Goldsborough,  Henry  Hooper,  James 
Murray,  Thomas  Ennalls  and  Robert  Harrison. 

This  convention  appointed  a  Council  of  Safety,  which  sat 
at  Annapolis  to  shape  matters  and  measures  relating  to  the 
"policy  of  resistance"  between  the  meetings  of  the  conven- 
tions. This  committee  was  assisted  by  a  Committee  of 
Observation  in  each  county,  which  kept  the  Council  con- 
stantly advised  and  carried  out  its  orders.  The  Committee 
of  Observation  in  Dorchester  County  consisted  of  fifteen 
members,  which  were  elected  in  September,  1775,  namely: 


200  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Joseph  Richardson,  Chairman;  Col.  Henry  Hooper,  Joseph 
Daffin,  Thomas  Ennalls  and  others,  with  John  C.  Harrison, 
Clerk,  and  James  Murray,  Secretary. 

The  Committee  of  Observation  had  authority  to  inspect 
the  course  and  report  upon  the  conduct  of  any  person  whose 
loyalty  to  the  cause  of  the  colonists  might  be  suspected,  and 
to  investigate  charges  of  disloyalty. 

On  the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means  of  the  Conven- 
tion, Robert  Goldsborough  served  and  James  Murray  was 
appointed  a  member  of  a  committee  to  consider  plans  for 
establishing  a  manufactory  for  making  arms. 

Much  important  business  was  done  by  this  convention  to 
put  the  province  in  the  best  state  of  defence  then  possible. 
Authority  was  given  to  raise  forty  companies  of  minute-men 
in  the  province,  two  of  which  were  to  be  Dorchester's  quota. 
The  minute-men  agreed  by  enrollment  to  serve  until  March, 
1776,  and  "March  to  any  place  ordered  in  any  of  the  colonies 
and  fight  for  the  preservation  of  American  liberty  with  their 
whole  power." 

December  7,  1775,  the  next  Convention  of  Delegates  met 
at  Annapolis.  Dorchester  County  was  represented  by  John 
Ennalls,  James  Murray,  Henry  Hooper  and  William  Ennalls. 

This  convention  resolved  to  put  the  province  in  a  better 
state  of  defence  and  to  raise  an  additional  force  of  one  bat- 
talion of  eight  companies  and  seven  independent  companies. 
Many  recruiting  offices  were  opened  in  the  counties,  and 
volunteers  soon  filled  up  these  companies,  of  which  the  Sixth 
was  raised  in  Dorchester  County,  and  first  officered  by  Capt. 
Lemuel  Barrett;  First  Lieut.  Thomas  Woolford,  Second 
Lieut.  John  Eccleston  and  Third  Lieut.  Hooper  Hudson. 
Later,  Captain  Barrett  resigtied  and  Lieutenant  Woolford 
was  promoted  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Lieutenants  Eccleston 
and  Hudson  were  also  promoted  to  the  successive  vacancies. 

The  muster  roll  of  the  Sixth  Independent  Company  was  as 
follows : 

Commissioned  January  5,  1776,  Thomas  Woolford,  Cap- 
tain; John  Eccleston,  First  Lieutenant;  Hooper  Hodson, 
Second  Lieutenant. 


SIXTH    INDEPENDENT   COMPANY 


20I 


Commissioned  March  2,   1776,  Lilburn  Williams,  Third 
Lieutenant. 

Privates. 


John  Gray, 

Hugh  McKinley, 

John  Linch, 

Hooper  Hodson, 

William  Watts, 

James  McCollister, 

Edward  McFading, 

Hugh  Walworth, 

John  Watkins, 

Thomas  Gains, 

Edward  Flin, 

Lawrence  Hughes, 

Samuel  McCracking, 

Samuel  Jones, 

William  Lee, 

Joseph  Read, 

Mich'l  Connor, 
John  Welsh, 

Nathan  Wright, 
John  Dunn, 
Jonathan  Price, 
Patrick  Rach, 
Thos.  Grayham, 
Solomon  Tyler, 
Robert  Ruark, 
Mathew  Hayward, 
Samuel  North, 
Jacob  Hooston, 
William  Compton, 
William  Cole, 
Lawrence  Fitzpatrick, 
William  Thom, 
Daniel  Norris, 


Patrick  Caton, 
Patrick  Connerly, 
William  Woolford, 
Richard  Frazier, 
Peter  Taylor, 
Thomas  Howell, 
Richard  Wood, 
John  Martin, 
John  Callihom, 
Samuel  Ash, 
Chris.  Minges, 
John  Murphy, 
Patk.  Farren, 
Barney  Maloy, 
John  Bassett, 
Luke  Cox, 
Thomas  Bayley, 
Wm.  Smith, 
Charles  Foxwell, 
Miles  Shehem, 
Caleb  Joy, 
Wm.  Mann, 
William  Dingle, 
John  Hayward, 
Edward  Hardikin, 

J Sherren, 

Thomas  Harrison, 
William  Killinough, 
Isaac  Southard, 
Joseph  Stapleford, 
John  Noble, 
James  SuHvain, 
John  Keron, 


202 


HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 


Privates — Continued. 

Geo.  Vest, 

Dennis 

John  Malone, 

Hooper  Elliott, 

Hugh  Kelly, 

Thomas  Hayward, 

Daniel  Brophy, 

Samuel  Spencer, 

Edward  Hodson, 

James  Urey, 

Edward  Garroughty, 

Robert  Skinner, 

Dewest  Downing^ 

Thomas  Hart, 

Ephraim  Wheeler, 

Absolum  Comini, 

Benjamin  Deshield, 

William  Becks, 

Daniel  Dinet, 

John  Stevens, 

Philip  Hodge, 

William  Hale, 

Francis  Noble, 

John  Martin,  of  Dorset, 

Jolin  Caffey, 

James  Andrew, 

Matthew  Colbert, 

William  Hays, 

Williani ^lihay. 

Jeremiah  Andrew, 

Edward  Williams, 

James  Haney, 

Thomas  Saunders, 

Richard  Bush, 

Levin  Prichard, 

Robert  Henderson, 

Spencer  Saunders, 

James  Dolly, 

Richard  Gamble, 

Robert  Smith, 

William  Andrew. 

By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  this  company  was  tem- 
porarily stationed  at  Cambridge. 

This  company  was  not  the  first  organized  in  Dorchester. 
Fired  by  the  military  spirit  of  defence  for  the  protection  of 
home  and  family,  the  brave  men  here  rapidly  organized  into 
militia  companies.  The  first  one  was  enrolled  on  November 
30,  1775,  with  fifty-seven  privates,  one  drummer,  four  cor- 
ix>rals  and  four  sergeants;  officered  by  Benjamin  Keene, 
Captain;  John  Keene,  Jr.,  First  Lieutenant;  Richard  Tub- 
man, Second  Lieutenant,  and  John  Griffith,  Ensign.  It  was 
called  *The  Bucks  Company."  The  next  company  was 
called  "Friends  to  America,"  officered  by  Capt.  Timothy 
McNamara,  First  Lieut.  John  Stewart  McNamara,  Second 
Lieut.  Charles  Johnson,  and  Ensign  John  Kirwan.  Other 
companies  were  formed:     "The  Plymouth  Greens,"  Capt. 


MILITIA   COMPANIES  203 

William  Travers,  Lieuts.  J.  Ashcomb  Travers  and  Alexander 
Tolly,  and  Ensign  Philip  Ferguson,  were  its  officers;  "The 
Transquaking  Company,"  in  command  of  Capt.  Zacharias 
Campbell  and  Lieut.  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Jr.;  **The  Cam- 
bridge Blues,"  under  Dr.  Thomas  Bourk,  Captain,  Ezekiel 
Vickers  and  Thomas  Firmin  Eccleston,  Lieutenants,  and 
Nathaniel  Manning,  Ensign;  and  **The  New  Market  Blues," 
organized  by  Lieuts.  Thos.  Logan  and  James  Sulivane,  and 
John  Pitt  Airey,  Ensign.  The  officers,  with  Capt.  Henry 
Lake,  in  his  company,  were  Lieuts.  Levi  Willin  and  Luke 
Robinson  and  Ensign  Job  Todd.  Commissions  were  also 
issued  to  the  following  officers  of  companies:  Capt.  Den- 
wood  Hicks,  First  Lieut.  Moses  LeCompte,  Second  Lieut. 
Henry  Keene  and  John  Budd,  Ensign;  Capt.  Joseph  Byus, 
of  Castle  Haven  Company,  and  Capt.  George  Waters,  First 
Lieut.  James  Wright,  Second  Lieut.  Joseph  Stack  and  John 
Caulk,  Ensign. 

These  militia  companies,  with  others  organized  in  1776, 
were  divided  into  two  battalions,  the  upper  one  was  com- 
manded by  Col.  James  Murray,  Lieut.-Col.  John  Dickenson, 
First  Major  Joseph  Ennalls,  Second  Major  Joseph  Richard- 
son, and  Quartermaster  Robert  Gilmore;  the  lower  one  by 
Col.  Thomas  Ennalls,  Lieut.  Col.  John  Ennalls,  First  Major 
Richard  Harrison,  Second  Major  Thomas  Muse  and  Quar- 
termaster Thomas  Jones. 

Col.  Henry  Hooper,  of  Dorchester  County,  had  been 
appointed  Brigadier-General  of  the  military  forces  for  the 
lower  district  on  the  Eastern  Shore.  To  protect  the  inhab- 
itants who  lived  along  the  Bay  and  rivers  in  Dorchester 
from  the  plundering  invaders  of  Lord  Dunmore's  fleet,  Gen- 
eral Henry  Hooper  distributed  the  militia  in  July,  1776,  as 
follows:  Colonel  Richardson,  with  125  privates,  at  Cam- 
bridge; Lieutenant-Colonel  Stainton,  with  120,  at  Cook's 
Point;  Captains  Robson  and  Stephen  Woolford,  with  15 
each,  at  Taylor's  Island  and  James'  Island;  Captain  Keene, 
with  15,  at  Meekin's  Neck;  Captain  Wheatley,  \vith  15, 
at  Ascom's  Island;  Captain  Travers,  with  15,  at  Hooper's 


204  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUx^  x  * 

Island;  Lieut-Col.  John  Ennalls,  with  45,  at  Hong^  Rivw; 
Colonel  Murray,  with  130,  and  Major  Fallin,  with  30,  at 
Hooper's  Straits. 

This  organization  of  the  volunteer  companies  for  the  Con* 
tinental  Army  and  the  militia  companies  for  the  home  de- 
fence was  but  the  beginning  of  the  army  mobilization  for 
the  most  desperate  struggle  ever  begun  for  national  inde- 
pendence. 

After  appointing  many  officers  and  raising  means  for  arm- 
ing and  equiping  the  volunteers,  this  convention  adjourned 
January  18,  1776. 

The  convention  met  again  on  May  8,  1776.  Dorchester 
sent  Robert  Goldsborough,  Henry  Hooper,  James  Murray 
and  John  Ennalls. 

While  this  convention  was  in  session,  a  letter  in  transit 
from  Lord  Germain,  one  of  the  English  Secretaries  of  State, 
to  Governor  Eden,  of  Maryland,  was  intercepted.  It  out- 
lined a  plan  for  invading  Maryland  and  other  colonies,  and 
for  restoring  the  legal  government  by  land  and  sea  forces,  to 
which  the  Governor  was  to  give  his  assistance  in  the  opera- 
tions. This  placed  the  Governor  in  a  critical  position,  and 
the  convention  drafted  a  resolution  which  was  adK>pted: 
"That  for  the  public  safety  and  quiet  of  the  people,  the  judg- 
ment of  the  convention  require  the  Governor  to  leave  the 
province,  and  with  full  liberty  to  depart  peaceably  with  his 
officers."  The  vote  on  the  resolution  was  41  affirmative  and 
14  negative,  four  of  which  were  cast  by  the  Dorchester 
delegation. 

This  convention  adjourned  and  met  again  June  21,  and 
while  in  session  authorized  an  election  to  be  held  in  the 
several  counties  to  elect  Delegates  to  a  convention  for  organ- 
izing a  State  government. 

This  new  convention  met  August  14,  1776.  The  Dele- 
gates from  Dorchester  were  Robert  Goldsborough,  James 
Murray,  James  Ennalls  and  Joseph  Ennalls.  It  drafted  a 
State  Constitution  and  form  of  State  government,  which  the 
people  ratified  by  electing  Delegates  to  a  General  Assembly, 


-^" 


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fm  General  Ass«±irr  i^  ibi  Sciii  ;:  llir^'^inL 


nttde  prepontiocs  5cc  "s^r  n  i""*  mi  i"*^  izi  izj.:  r-i 
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confeiTed  on  a  Sraie  ^z^^:rzzi<:iz  biliin^  ^reiisr  r-'rl: 
confidence. 


CHAPTER    XXV. 

FLYING  CAMP  VOLUNTEERS^TORIES  BELOW  HOOPER's  STRAITS  IN  COMMU- 
NICATION WITH  DUNMORS'S  FLEET — THEIR  CAPTURE  BY  MAJOR  FALLIN'S 
MILITIA  COMPANY— CORRESPONDENCE  BETWEEN  COUNTY  OFFICERS  AND 
THE  COUNCIL  OF  SAFETY—ANXIETY  OF  COUNTY  MILITIA  WITH  NO  ARMS  FOR 
DEFENCE — OTHER  COMPLAINTS  OF  DISLOYALTY — DEPREDATIONS  BY  CAPT. 
RICHARD  ANDREW  AND  CITIZENS  OF  CAROLINE  COUNTY,  BY  SEIZING  SALT — 
SHOCK  OF  WAR  AFTER  THE  BATTLE  OF  LONG  ISLAND,  AND  ITS  EFFECTS  ON 
THE  MILITIA  AND  TROOPS — PRIVATEERS — LETTERS  OF  MARQUE  FOR 
"STURDY  beggar" — COERCION  OF  TORIES  IN  SOMERSET  AND  WORCES- 
TER COUNTIES— THEIR  ARREST  AND  IMPRISONMENT  IN  CAMBRIDGE,  Ifi 
1777— PAY  AND  UNIFORM  OF  CONTINENTAL  TROOPS — TRIALS  OF  A  RE- 
CRUITING OFFICER  IN  DORCHESTER  COUNTY — MORE  MILITIA  RECRUITED 
— DRAFTS  MADE— COLLECTIONS  OF  BLANKETS  AND  CLOTHING  FOR  THE 
ARMY  IN  THE  FIELD— EXTREME  PRIVATIONS  IN  THE  MARYLAND  LINE. 

The  Continental  Congress,  which  was  in  session  on  June 
3,  1776,  asked  for  volunteers  to  be  known  as  the  "Flying 
Camp."  Pennsylvania  was  to  furnish  6000  men,  Maryland, 
3400;  Delaware,  600;  to  be  stationed  in  the  middle  colonies. 
They  were  to  be  volunteers  from  the  militia  already  organ- 
ized in  the  colonies  and  to  serve  until  December  i,  1776, 
unless  sooner  discharged. 

Following  is  the  list  of  Dorchester  County  volunteers  for 
the  "Fljring  Company:" 

Captain,  Thomas  Bourk. 
First  Lieutenant,  Burket  Falcon. 
Second  Lieutenant,  John  Lynch. 
Ensign,  James  Woolford  Gray. 

Privates. 

James  Ridgaway,  John  Connley, 

Henry  Pritchett,  Charles  Fooks, 

John  Jones,  Ezekiel  Hooper, 

Adam  Smith,  Wm.  Collins  Taylr, 

Isaac  Cordery,  Mathew  Bright, 

John  McGraw,  Hooi>er  Evans, 


THE  "flying  company" 


207 


Privates — Continued. 


John  Hooper, 

Matthew  Anderson, 

James  Kelly, 

Thomas  Hill, 

Joseph  Travers, 

Lewis  Pickron, 

John  Eliason, 

Matthew  Handley, 

Carter  Williams, 

Valentine  Amett, 

Solomon  Jones, 

Thomas  Ayers, 

Kimbrol  FoUin, 

George  Proctor, 

James  Ingram, 

Bamaby  Current, 

Michael  MuUin, 

John  Mitchell, 

John  Vinson, 

Wm.  Hubbard, 

Charles  Strong, 

Wm.  Man, 

John  Wiley, 

Thomas  Bartlett, 

David  Kirk, 

Wm.  Sanders, 

Elijah  Bright, 

John  Bourk, 

Whittington  Wallace, 

Bryan  Sweeny, 

Wm.  Rogers, 

Thomas  Cook, 

Samuel  Stanford, 

William  Morean  or  Moren, 

William  O'Hara, 

Henry  Bright, 


Thomas  Hooper, 
Wm.  Wilson, 
Thomas  Watson, 
George  Branigan, 
John  Redingfton, 
Emanuel  Nicholson, 
John  Brown, 
John  Clary, 
Stephen  Stubbs, 
Thomas  Roberts, 
David  CuUin, 
John  Burriss, 
Thomas  Bright, 
William  Mbore, 
Hugh  Walworth, 
Thomas  Keene, 
Wm.  Mills, 
Wm.  G.  Gontee, 
Caleb  Busick, 
James  Frazier, 
George  Murphy, 
Levin  Lane, 
John  Cummins, 
Henry  Sutton, 
Joseph  Shehann, 
Morris  Lane, 
Thomas  Noland, 
Martin  Dorsey, 
James  Murphy, 
John  Baily, 
John  Talbott, 
Daniel  Coffee, 
Hugh  McCall, 
Abel  Germier, 
Thomas  Marshall, 
Peter  Marshall, 


208  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Privates — Continued. 
John  Dick,  Edward  Ingram, 

Michael  Berry,  John  Insley  (absent), 

John  Friday,  Anthony  Fleetwood  (absent), 

Feter  Laughlain,  Henry  Harrington  (absent), 

William  Collins,  George  Childs  (absent). 

Only  a  part  of  the  military  forces  organized  by  recruiting 
of  volunteers  and  by  drafting  others  who  preferred  the  pri- 
vations of  home  to  the  greater  ones  in  the  army  can  be  per- 
sonally named  here  for  want  of  space. 

Acts  of  disloyalty  committed  by  a  few  men  who  attempted 
to  aid  the  British  on  vessels  in  the  Bay  and  rivers,  created 
some  apprehension  and  excitement,  and  complaints  of  the 
officers  and  men  in  some  of  the  militia  companies  called  for 
military  investigation. 

In  June,  1776,  Major  Daniel  Fallen,  an  active  patriot  of 
Straits,  in  command  of  some  militia,  about  thirty  men,  sta- 
tioned at  Hooper's  Straits,  took  a  small  schooner  in  a  creek 
that  makes  into  Holland's  Straits.  On  the  boat  were  Joseph 
Wheland,  Jr.,  John  Evans,  Robert  Howith  and  John  Frice. 
They  were  sent  to  the  Committee  of  Observation  in  the 
county,  who  sent  them  under  an  armed  guard  to  the  Council 
of  Safety  at  Annapolis  where  they  were  committed  to  prison. 
One  of  the  party,  Wheland,  was  the  man  who  piloted  Lord 
Dunmore's  vessels  up  to  Nanticoke  Foint,  and  was  with  the 
British  that  took  a  lot  of  cattle  from  Hopkin's  Island.  The 
cargo  found  on  the  vessel  and  seized  was  one  and  a  half 
hogsheads  of  rum,  thirty  bushels  of  salt,  the  sails  and  rigging 
of  a  sloop,  a  large  quantity  of  old  iron,  together  with  a  few 
guns,  swords  and  cartridge  boxes. 

INTERESTING  MILITARY  CORRESFONDENCK 

[BouRK  TO  Council.] 

Cambridge,  Md.,  July  19,  1776. 
Gentlemen: 

I  have  to  acquaint  you  that  we  have  not  met  with  the 
wished-for  success  in  raising  the  company  you  ordered  us 


INTERESTING   MILITARY  CORRESPONDENCE  209 

to  raise  in  this  county.     The  militia  having  been  discharged 

till  after  harvest,  we  have  not  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing 

the  men;  add  to  this  that  on  my  return  from  Annapolis,  the 

Cambridge  Blues  were  ordered  to  march  to  the  Streights^ 

where  the  enemy  was  said  to  have  landed.     Unwilling  to 

desert  them  at  this  time  of  danger,  I  commanded  them  on 

the  expedition;  so  that  it  has  not  been  in  my  power  to  exert 

myself  as  yet     Mr.  Lynch  has  made  up  his  complement; 

they  are  here  and  are  a  likely  set  of  men.     We  have  about 

forty  or  fifty  men  engaged  in  Somerset.     I  expect  some  next 

wecJc  from  Worcester;  I  wait  to  know  how  many,  which, 

when  informed  of,  shall  proceed  to  Annapolis  to  receive  your 

orders,  whether  I  shall  continue  to  enlist  or  not.     Our  militia 

companies  will  meet  next  week,  when  we  shall  have  a  better 

opportunity  of  completing  our  number.       Could   I   have 

^g^ed  the  men  into  immediate  pay,  the  company  would 

have  been  nearly  completed. 

Mr.  Ljmch  carries  our  warrant. 

I  am,  gentlemen,  your  obedient  humble  servant, 

Thomas  Bourk. 

[Hooper  to  Jenifer.] 

Draft  of  Militia — Embarrassed  for  money  to  pay  them  when 

in  actiiol  service. 

Dorchester  County,  July  19,  1776. 
Sir: 

On  receipt  of  yours  of  the  15th  inst,  I  immediately  ordered 
a  draft  of  fifteen  privates  and  proper  officers  to  be  made  from 
each  company  of  militia  of  this  Brigade,  and  those  drafted  in 
Dorset  and  Caroline  Counties  to  be  stationed  in  Dorset,  and 
the  drafted  militia  of  Somerset  and  Worcester  Counties  to  be 
stationed  in  Somerset  County;  the  men  so  drafted  are  ordered 
to  be  at  the  several  places  of  rendezvous  on  Wednesday,  the 
24th  inst.  If  your  Board  should  not  approve  of  this  dispo- 
sition of  the  militia,  you  will  please  let  me  know  it,  and  I 
shall  make   such   alterations   therein   as   you   may  direct. 


2IO  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Although  I  have  ordered  out  the  militia  to  be  in  readiness 
to  repel  any  attempt  of  the  enemy  to  land  in  this  district 
agreeably  to  your  directions,  yet  I  think  it  will  be  difficult 
to  keep  them  together  without  some  money;  the  county 
people  here  who  have  provision  to  sell  showing  a  gjeat 
\inwillingness  to  part  with  unless  paid  for  at  the  same  time. 
I  would  therefore  wish  your  Board  would  take  some  order 
about  subsisting  the  militia  of  this  District  when  called  out 
in  defence  of  the  province  by  directing  that  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Eastern  Shore  should  pay  to  the  Committee  of  Obser- 
vation for  Dorset  County  such  a  sum  of  money  as  you  may 
think  necessary  to  be  applied  for  the  purpose  of  victualing 
and  subsisting  the  militia^  when  in  actual  service,  as  the  com- 
manding officer  of  said  Brigade  shall  direct.  I  have  applied 
to  General  Chamberlain  for  400  lbs.  gunpowder  and  1600 
lbs.  of  lead.  If  you  should  have  received  any  further  intel- 
ligence concerning  Dunmore  and  his  fleet,  I  should  be  glad 
to  know  it. 

I  am  respectfully,  sir,  your  very  humble  servant, 

Henry  Hooper. 

In  reply  to  this  letter,  the  Council  ordered  the  Eastern 
Shore  Treasurer  to  pay  Gen.  Henry  Hooper  £300  for  the 
support  of  the  militia  when  in  service. 

Arms  were  so  scarce  in  the  county,  and  in  province  as  well, 
that  the  Council  ordered  Captain  Bourk  to  apply  to  Major 
Fallen,  in  Straits,  for  the  guns  he  had  captured  a  few  weeks 
before  on  a  small  vessel  below  Hooper's  Straits,  that  his  men 
might  be  somewhat  better  equipi>ed  before  marching  to  join 
the  Continental  Army. 

Our  revolutionary  ancestors  were  loyal,  patriotic  and 
brave,  and  ready  to  fight  their  merciless  invaders,  but  without 
army  supplies — food,  clothing,  arms  and  ammunition — the 
outlook  was  serious  to  the  most  heroic.  Yet  the  preparations 
for  war  went  hurriedly  on.     The  Council  of  Safety,  by  order 


^  Were  the  militia  rolls  of  the  volunteer  companies  raised  for  the  defence 
of  Dorchester  County  obtainable  their  names  would  be  herein  given. 


SUPPLIES   FOR   THE   MILITIA  211 

• 

of  the  Convention,  directs  Capt.  Joseph  Robson,  on  March 
21,  1776,  to  deliver  to  Capt.  Thomas  Woolford  ten  muskets, 
with  the  accoutrements  thereto  belonging,  and  that  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Eastern  Shore  pay  to  Capt.  Thomas  Wool- 
ford  £55  13s.  9d.  (for  blankets)  for  the  use  of  his  company, 
and  that  the  Treasurer  of  the  Western  Shore  pay  to  Lieut. 
John  Eccleston  £35  on  account  of  Captain  Woolford's  com- 
pany; that  Colonel  Smallwood  deliver  to  Capt.  Thomas 
Woolford  20  pieces  Osnaburg,  50  cartouch  boxes  and  belts, 
31  French  muskets  and  bayonets  with  slings,  and  a  half  ream 
of  cartridge  paper;  and  that  Captain  Woolford  contract  for 
the  making  of  bayonets  and  scabbards  for  his  company. 
These  preparations  were  but  the  beginning  of  means  and 
outfits  to  equip  the  Dorchester  soldiers  that  were  to  go  out 
to  battle,  and  many  to  die  a  soldier's  death  for  our  country's 
liberty  and  indei>endence. 

While  the  independent  companies  were  almost  equipped 
for  service,  the  militia  were  mostly  unarmed. 

How  little  the  colonists  of  Dorchester  were  then  prepared 
to  defend  their  homes  from  invasion  by  the  British  forces 
under  Lord  Dunmore  and  others,  and  how  great  the  desper- 
ate state  of  anxiety  and  resolution  entertained  by  an 
unarmed  militia,  ready  and  willing  to  fight,  but  without 
guns  and  ammunition,  is  painfully  depicted  in  the  following 
letter  from  James  Murray,  Secretary  of  the  Committee  of 
Observation,  to  the  Council  of  Safety : 

Gentlemen: 

From  the  sudden  alarm  which  the  sloop  of  war  and  her 
tenders  have  this  week  occasioned,  it  was  thought  necessary 
to  order  the  militia  of  this  county  on  duty  to  guard  the 
frontier  on  the  Bay  shore  *  *  *  which  they  cheerfully 
complied  with,  but  previous  thereto  were  under  a  necessity 
of  making  application  for  arms  and  ammunition.  We  were 
in  hopes  that  when  it  came  to  the  test  we  should  find  many  of 
them  prepared  with  private  property  in  ammunition,  but  in 
this  wc  are  deceived.      There  remained  with   us  a  barrel 


212  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  CX)UNTY 

of  powder  and  some  ball,  sent  from  Newtown  last  fall  by  the 
Council  of  Safety,  which  we  have  distributed,  though  it 
appears  to  be  very  indifferent  and  not  such  as  we  think  men 
ought  to  hazard  their  lives  with;  this  has  g^ne  but  a  small 
way  in  supplying  the  companies.  The  people  grew  exceed- 
ingly clamorous.  We  have  been  under  the  necessity  of  dis- 
tributing what  little  we  have  of  private  property,  but  the 
whole  put  together  would  scarce  make  three  rounds  apiece 
for  the  companies.  To  what  length  they  may  go  if  not 
shortly  supplied  we  cannot  say,  but  we  fear  when  they  find 
that  upon  repeated  applications,  they  are  not  supplied  with 
the  means  of  defence  they  may  despond  and  tamely  submit 
to  such  ravages  as  these  barbarians  may  think  proper  to 
commit.  From  the  late  conduct  of  the  men  of  our  county, 
we  have  not  the  least  doubt  of  their  spirit  and  firmness,  and 
are  fully  satisfied  they  will  make  a  bold  and  resolute  stand 
in  defence  of  the  liberties  of  their  county.     *     *     * 


OTHER   COMPLAINTS   OF  DISLOYALTY. 

After  the  organization  of  Capt.  Henry  Lake's  company, 
several  complaints  were  made  against  two  of  his  officers, 
namely,  Levi  Willin,  First  Lieutenant,  and  Job  Todd,  En-* 
sign,  charging  them  with  acts  of  disloyalty.  William  Trav- 
ers,  in  command  of  a  battalion  of  militia  that  embraced  Cap- 
tain Lake's  company,  asked  the  Council  of  Safety  to  appoint 
a  court  martial  to  inquire  into  their  conduct.  Henry 
Hooper,  in  command  at  Cambridge,  also  addressed  the  Coun- 
cil of  Safety  about  Willin  and  Todd.  The  Council  appointed 
a  court  martial  to  try  them.  The  members  were:  Col. 
John  Ennalls,  President  of  the  Court;  Col.  Robert  Harrison, 
Col.  James  Murray,  Col.  John  Dickinson,  Major  Thomas 
Muse,  Major  Thomas  Jones,  Major  Joseph  Ennalls,  Major 
Joseph  Richardson,  members  of  the  same  Court. 

There  is  no  record  of  any  trial  or  further  history  about  it. 

One,  Basil  Clarkson,  was  charged  with  going  on  board  the 
British  tenders  in  Hooper's  Straits  and  giving  them  informa- 


PEPREDATIONS  BY   CAPTAIN   ANDREW   AND  OTHERS  213 

tion,  and  also  persuading  Job  Slacum  and  others  to  join 
Lord  Dunmore's  naval  forces.  Clarkson  was  arrested  and 
committed  to  jail  in  Annapolis  by  the  Council  of  Safety  on 
evidence  given  by  John  Rumley,  of  Straits,  before  the  Com- 
mittee of  Observation.  He  testified  that  he  was  taken  by 
a  British  tender  on  the  shore  of  Spring  Island ;  that  while  on 
the  tender  he  saw  a  boat  standing  out  of  Hooper's  Straits 
directly  with  the  tenders  in  company  with  the  one  which  he 
was  on.  The  boat  he  knew  to  be  Basil  Qarkson's,  on  which 
there  were  three  other  persons,  who  went  on  board  the  ten- 
der; that  he  heard  men  on  board  the  several  tenders  hail  each 
other  and  say  that  the  "Defence"  was  laying  oflF  Hooper's 
Island;  that  Basil  Clarkson  and  John  Baptist  told  them  so. 
After  staying  in  jail  for  some  time,  Clarkson  petitioned  the 
Convention  of  Maryland  to  be  released ;  that  he  was  "almost 
starving  and  without  bodily  clothing  or  bedding." 


DEPREDATIONS   BY   CAPT.   RICHARD   ANDREW 
AND  OTHERS  OF  CAROLINE  COUNTY. 

In  great  desperation  for  want  of  salt,  then  so  scarce, 
Capt.  Richard  Andrew  and  a  number  of  men,  in  November, 
1776,  entered  and  searched  the  dwelling  house  and  out- 
houses of  James  Suliyane,  looking  for  salt.  As  they  found 
only  five  bushels  they  did  not  take  any.  They  then  went  to 
Col.  James  Murray's,  on  Hunting  Creek  (now  known  as  the 
Billup's  farm),  got  the  house  keys  from  Mrs.  Murray  and 
took  fourteen  and  a  half  bushels  of  salt.  They  offered  to 
pay  for  it,  but  Mrs.  Murray  refused  payment;  however,  they 
left  $14.50  in  the  house. 

To  punish  these  disorderly  people,  the  Committee  of 
Observation  summoned  witnesses  and  those  active  in  the 
affair,  but  they  did  not  appear  and  a  hearing  was  set  for  the 
following  Wednesday,  and  wholly  unexpectedly  they  came, 
headed  by  Captain  Andrew  with  more  than  a  hundred  armed 
men.  They  were  so  disorderly  that  nothing  could  be  done 
in  the  matter.     They  declared  they  would  risk  their  lives 


214  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

in  defence  of  their  acts.  An  appeal  was  made  to  the  Council 
of  Safety  to  have  Gen.  Henry  Hooper's  brigade  of  militia  sent 
to  arrest  them,  but  considering  the  need  of  troops  elsewhere 
and  the  urgent  appeals  made  by  the  people  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  for  salt,  then  so  scarce  that  some  families  had  not  had 
a  pint  in  months,  it  seemed  that  the  sending  of  militia  into 
the  county  to  suppress  local  disturbances  not  regarded  as 
disloyal  acts,  might  lead  to  serious  revolts  at  this  critical 
period  of  the  Revolutionary  conflict.  The  situation  of  the 
American  Army  at  this  time  was  deplorable.  Congress  and 
the  people  were  terribly  disheartened.  General  Washington 
had  been  given  absolute  military  control  for  six  months, 
with  powers  to  organize  additional  infantry,  cavalry,  artillery 
and  engineers  corps. 

The  people  of  Dorchester  had  now  begun  to  feel  the 
awful  shock  of  war.  Out  of  the  Sixth  Independent  Com- 
pany, commanded  by  Capt.  Thomas  Woolford;  the  Flying 
Camp  Company,  under  Captain  Bourk,  and  the  minute-men 
who  had  formed  a  part  of  the  Maryland  Line  in  the  battle 
of  Long  Island,  so  recently  fought,  some  brave  sons  of  Dor- 
chester heroically  gave  up  their  lives  for  their  country.  Fol- 
lowing this  defeat  was  the  surrender  of  Fort  Washington  on 
November  i6,  when  more  than  two  thousand  Americans 
were  taken  prisoners,  who  were  crowded  into  horrible  prisons 
about  New  York,  where  they  had  not  room  to  lie  down  on 
the  bare  floors  to  sleep,  and  were  otherwise  subjected  to  gjeat 
cruelty,  appalling  to  humanity,  that  made  many  patriots 
who  had  volunteered  to  fight  for  American  Independence  halt 
in  the  face  of  duty  to  home  and  country,  and  become  terror- 
stricken  at  the  reports  of  such  prison  atrocities.  Many 
thoughtfully  considered  if  it  were  their  duty  to  throw  their 
lives  away  in  a  cause  so  hoi>eless  and  leave  their  dependent, 
helpless  families  at  the  mercy  of  such  inhuman  victors.  Some 
decided  first  to  feed  and  defend  their  wives  and  children  at 
their  humble  homes  rather  than  take  the  risk  of  a  cruel  death 
within  the  stifling  walls  of  foul  prisons.  Hence  they  declined 
to  volunteer  in  the  Continental  Army,  a  few  of  whom  were 


PRIVATEERS — ^LETTERS  OF   MARQUE  215 

Dorchester  Countians  who  possessed  stronger  feelings  of 
devotion  to  home  and  family  than  patriotism  for  national 
liberty.  They  reasoned  that  it  would  be  better  to  live  and 
protect  their  hungry  families  under  English  rule  than  to  die 
for  independence  impossible  to  obtain. 

Yet  with  all  the  horrors  of  war  and  starving  prisons  to 
confront,  the  gjeat  body  of  Maryland  soldiers  were  patriotic, 
loyal  and  true  till  death  or  indei>endence. 


PRIVATEERS— LETTERS  OF  MARQUE 

GRANTED. 

< 

While  every  possible  effort  was  made  by  the  Council  of 
Safety,  supported  by  the  people  in  the  counties,  to  equip  a 
fighting  army  on  land,  the  people  in  Baltimore,  with  large 
commercial  interests  involved  by  the  war,  assisted  as  early  as 
1776  in  fitting  out  some  privateers  to  prey  on  EngHsh  ship- 
ping. 

The  brig  "Sturdy  Beggar"  was  equipped  with  14  guns 
and  manned  for  a  cruise  in  November,  when  Capt.  John 
McKeel,  of  Dorchester  County,  was  commissioned  her  Cap- 
tain; a  part  of  her  crew  was  also  from  Dorchester  County, 
but  of  their  names  we  find  no  record. 

On  the  13th  of  January,  1777,  a  number  of  loyal  colonists 
in  Somerset  and  Worcester  Counties  represented  to  Con- 
gress that  the  Tories  in  those  counties  entertained  disloyal 
designs,  possibly  an  uprising  in  arms.  They  asked  Congress 
for  an  armed  force  to  maintain  i>eace  and  protection.  Con- 
gress referred  the  matter  to  the  General  Assembly  of  Mary- 
land, requesting  that  a  military  force  be  sent  there  to  suppress 
disorder,  arrest  and  disarm  any  disloyal  organizations,  and 
make  them  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  State. 

An  expedition  of  militia  under  Brig.-Gen.  Henry  Hooper, 
a  naval  force  from  Hooper's  Straits,  commanded  by  Capt. 
James  Campbell,  of  Dorchester  County,  and  Col.  Southey 
Simpson,  of  Virginia,  with  a  command  which  had  advanced 
into  Maryland,  coerced  the  Tories  in  that  part  of  the  Eastern 


2l6  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Shore  and  arrested  a  large  number  of  them,  who  were  car- 
ried to  Cambridge  jail.  They  were  held  there  for  some 
months  in  prison;  and  in  1778  they  petitioned  Governor 
Johnson  for  a  special  hearing  to  determine  their  offences 
for  which  they  were  detained.  Their  names  were  as  follows : 
Isaac  Marshall,  Pumell  Outen,  Benjamin  Henderson,  George 
Furnace,  Robert  Gibbs,  David  Adams,  Thomas  Wood  Pot- 
ter, Isaac  Gunby,  Thomas  Tull,  Jacob  CuUin,  Michael  Ben- 
ston,  Michael  Holland,  Joseph  Gunby,  William  Brotten, 
Thomas  Cullin,  Elisha  Johnson,  Levin  Tybbs,  Jacob  Heron, 
Littleton  Johnson,  Benjamin  Sommers,  John  Riggin,  Henry 
Stirling,  Thomas  Ward,  Solomon  Bird,  George  Sommers, 
Aaron  Stirling,  John  Colboum,  Ezekiel  Ward,  Aaron  Col- 
bourn  and  Thomas  Sommers,  of  Somerset  County;  and  Jessie 
Ellis,  Levi  Ellis,  Edward  Cropper,  Samuel  Dryden,  William 
Jones,  Joshua  Butler,  Benjamin  Davis,  Levin  Disharoom, 
Thomas  Cottingham,  Ephraim  Henderson,  Thomas  Taylor, 
Stephen  Roach,  Zorobabal  Hill,  Henry  Parker,  Hezekiah 
Cary,  Elisha  Heron  and  Eliakim  Dubley,  of  Worcester 
County.  Some  citizens  in  those  counties  to-day  have  similar 
names  and  are,  no  doubt,  descendants  of  some  of  the  above- 
named,  who  then  preferred  to  bear  English  imposition  with 
loyal  allegiance  rather  than  trust  to  the  hazardous  destiny  of 
rebellion  in  a  desperate  struggle  for  liberty. 

PAY  AND  CLOTHING  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL 

SOLDIERS. 

The  soldier's  pay,  uniform  and  fighting  equipments  were 
not  temptations  for  colonists  to  enlist.     The  i>ay  of  the  bat- 
talions and  independent  companies,  by  the  month,  was  sched- 
uled as  follows:     Colonel,  $50 — expenses,  $30;  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  $40 — expenses,  $20;  Major,  $33  >^  ;  Captain,  $26 
Lieutenant,  $18;  Ensign,  $16;  Sergeant,  $6^  ;  Corporal,  $6 
Drummer  and  Fifer,  $6;  Surgeon,  $40;  Surgeon's  Mate,  $20 
Chaplain,  $20;  Private,  $5>4  ;  Clerk  to  Colonel,  $20. 


TRIALS  OF  A  RECRUITING  OFFICER  21^ 

The  uniforms  of  the  land  forces  were  hunting  shirts  of 
V3J10US  colors;  marines,  blue  hunting  shirts. 


•TRIALS  OF  A  RECRUITING  OFFICER  IN  DOR- 
CHESTER COUNTY,  JANUARY,  1777. 

Memorial  of  Thomas  Sparrow  to  the  Council  of 

Safety. 

That  agreeable  to  the  warrant  your  Honors  was  pleased 
^^  grant  me  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting  men  for  the  ser- 
"Vicc  of  the  State,  I  repaired  to  Dorchester  County,  where  I 
liad  the  promise  of  a  sufficient  number,  and  believe  I  could 
liave  enlisted  them,  but  for  the  reasons  hereafter  mentioned. 
I  was  four  days  on  my  passage  from  Annapolis  to  Cam- 
bridge, and  on  my  arrival.  Major  Thomas  Muse  being  dead, 
I  was  obliged  to  wait  a  week  before  I  could  acquaint  your 
Honors  therewith.  Colonel  Travers,  knowing  the  disap- 
pointment I  had  met  with,  told  me  he  was  going  to  Annap- 
olis and  should  soon  return  with  an  answer  if  I  would  write 
to  have  another  gentleman  appointed  to  assist  me  with  cash 
for  the  recruits.  I  waited  six  days  after  Colonel  Travers' 
return  to  his  house  at  Hooper's  Island  for  the  letter  directed 
to  Captain  Daffin,  which  gentleman  supplied  me  with  a  horse 
to  ride  for  it,  as  Colonel  Travers  had  omitted  to  send  it  to 
him.  I  received  the  letter,  and  on  my  return  to  Cambridge, 
heard  the  corps  belonging  to  Dorchester  County  was  to  meet 
at  the  Lightwood  Knot  Chappie.  Mr.  Peter  Carvil  told  me 
he  would  ride  to  that  place  with  me  and  made  no  doubt 
but  that  I  would  enlist  thirty  men,  as  he  had  heard  many 
intended  to  meet  me  there  for  that  purpose.  I  had  not  re- 
ceived my  cash,  but  as  that  opportunity  offered,  I  concluded 
to  advance  the  small  sum  I  had  to  bear  my  expenses,  which, 
if  not  sufficient,  Mr.  Carvil  oflFered  to  supply  me  with,  and 
to  do  him  justice,  he  was  the  only  friend  I  had  in  the  field 
who  had  courage  enough  to  stand  by  me.  I  proceeded  to 
do  my  duty,  and  undertook  to  read  the  resolve  of  Conven- 


J 


2l8  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

tion  with  resjyect  to  raising  matrosses.  One  of  the  company 
told  me  it  was  all  false  and  if  any  man  should  enlist  he  would 
be  sent  to  Philadelphia  and  not  to  Annapolis,  and  that  they 
were  damned  fools  that  would  go  to  fight  against  their  King. 
I  then  told  him  he  was  a  Tory;  another  told  me  I  should  not 
come  there  to  find  anything  else.  *  *  *  A  young  man 
then  desired  to  hear  the  proposals.  I  attempted  to  read 
^them  to  him,  but  one  of  the  company  struck  the  paper,  and 
many  of  them  made  such  a  noise  that  prevented  me  from 
informing  those  who  wanted  to  enlist.  I  then  put  up  my 
papers  lest  they  should  take  them  from  me.  About  an  hour 
/'  after  a  man  called  me  aside  and  told  me  he  would  enlist  at 
"  Cambridge  for  he  was  afraid  to  do  it  there.  Mr.  George 
Slacum  overheard  him  and  said,  "Damn  your  forty  shilling^, 
it  is  not  worth  sixpence.  I  have  gold  and  silver  enough 
and  will  give  fifty  shillings  to  a  man  either  to  fight  for  the 
King,  or  not  fight  against  him."  *  *  *  Mr.  George  Sla- 
cum told  me  I  was  a  damned  rascal  in  offering  to  enlist  men 
against  the  King,  and  they  were  damned  fools  that  would  go 
with  me.  I  immediately  after  saw  men  whispering  together 
in  different  places,  when  a  young  man  passed  by  me  and  said, 
•^*Go  off  or  you  will  be  murdered."  I  took  his  advice.  It 
being  dark,  I  knew  not  the  road  perfectly.  In  a  few  minutes 
I  heard  some  horses  in  full  speed  coming  after  me.  I  took 
to  the  woods  and  made  my  escape  for  that  time.  ♦  *  ♦ 
In  Cambridge,  I  next  tried  to  beat  up  recruits,  it  being  the 
time  of  the  election.  I  had  a  flag  made  of  two  sheets  of  small 
bills,  which  one  of  a  mob  that  had  raised  there  against  me 
often  attempted  to  take  from  the  man  who  had  it  and  struck 
him.  They  then  proceeded  to  insult  me.  *  *  *  John 
Chalmere,  seeing  the  treatment  I  met  with,  told  me  he  had 
two  swords  and  that  I  was  welcome  to  one  of  them.  I 
accepted  of  one  of  them  and  soon  cleared  the  town  of  my 
enemies. 

Lieut.  James  Gray  was  much  my  friend  in  this  affair. 
I  intended  next  to  go  to  New  Market,  as  there  was  to  be 
two  days'  races,  ^ut  my  friends  advised  me  not  as  it  was 


SCARCITY  OF  CLOTHING  AND  FOOD  219 

expected  many  of  Captain  Andrews'  men  would  be  there, 
and  I  should  be  used  ill. 

I  complained  to  many  of  the  Committee  and  in  particular 
to  Captain  Daffin  and  Mr.  Ennalls,  who  told  me  they  were 
sorry  I  was  used  so  ill,  but  it  was  out  of  their  power  to  help 
it    *    ♦     * 

Thomas  Sparrow. 

In  Dorchester  there  were  many  patriots  who  nobly  did 
their  duty. 

In  Augfust,  1777,  commissions  were  issued  to  more  volun- 
teers, viz:  Edward  Noel,  Captain;  John  Chalmers,  First 
Lieutenant;  Thomas  Woolford,  Second  Lieutenant;  Thomas 
Smith,  Jr.,  Ensign;  officers  of  a  company  of  militia  to  serve 
under  Col.  William  Richardson. 

Out  of  the  many  militia  companies  organized  in  the  county 
frequent  drafts  were  made  for  recruits  to  fill  up  the  broken 
ranks  of  the  Dorchester  companies  serving  in  the  Continen- 
tal Army. 


GREAT  SCARCITY  OF  CLOTHING  AND   FOOD 
FOR  THE  CONTINENTAL  ARMY. 

In  1777  the  American  Army  was  so  greatly  in  need  of 
clothing  and  blankets  that  collectors  were  apix)inted  in  each 
county  to  collect  these  necessities  wherever  possible.  John 
Ennalls  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  Collections  in  Dor- 
chester County,  witH  the  following  Collectors:  In  Great 
Choptank  Hundred,  Joseph  Richardson;  Nanticoke,  Zacha- 
riah  Campbell;  Transquaking,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Jr.;  Little 
Choptank,  Joseph  Robert  Harrison;  Fishing  Creek,  Thos. 
Jones;  Hermitage,  William  Travers;  Streights,  Daniel  Fallen. 

The  Governor  and  Council  limited  the  prices  to  be  paid 
as  follows:  Blankets,  £3;  a  pair  of  shoes,  3od.;  a  pair  of 
stockings,  3od.;  a  hat,  3od.;  coarse  woolens,  fit  for  soldiers* 
coats,  jackets,  or  breeches,  ^4  yard  wide,  5od.;  linen,  fit  for 
C.  B.  soldiers'  shirts,  per  yard,  i6d. 


220  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Feeding  the  army  was  also  difficult,  patriotism  aloae  would 
not  furnish  supplies;  money  was  necessary  in  making  pur- 
chases, though  it  was  at  a  great  depreciation,  far  below  par 
with  silver  and  gold. 

In  the  following  year,  want  and  privation  so  much  discour- 
aged the  soldiers,  then  in  such  great  demand  that  bounties 
were  paid  for  volunteers  and  deserters  were  pardoned  who 
returned  to  duty,  while  agents  were  in  every  county  trying 
to  ptu'chase  army  supplies  for  the  hungry  and  half-naked 
soldiers.  James  Sulivane,  of  Dorchester  County,  ¥ras  the 
Deputy  Assistant  Commissary  in  Dorchester  and  Somerset, 
trying,  under  great  difficulties,  to  purchase  food  for  a  starv- 
ing army. 


CHAPTER   XXVI. 

OOinSrOHDKIICB  IN  REFERENCE  TO  BRITISH  PRISONERS  HELD  AT  CAM- 
BUDGE— DORCHESTER  MILITIA  OFFICERS,  LOWER  AND  UPPER  BATTAL- 
lOVSi  AND  HALF  BATTALION  COMMISSIONED— PRESSING  DEMAND  FOR 
ABUT  RECRUITS — VOLUNTEERS  COMMISSIONED  —  SUBSTITUTES  FUR- 
BISHED BY  THE  WEALTHY — NEW  ENROLLMENT  OF  COUNTY  MILITIA  IN 
1780;  OFFICERS  NAMED— 1 781,  LETTER  TO  THE  GOVERNOR  FROM  GEN. 
HENRY  HOOFER,  EXPLAINING  DRAFT,  AND  INVASION  OF  BRITISH  BARGES 
IE  THE  RIVERS  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

In  May,  1778,  correspondence  between  the  Council  of 
Safety  and  the  Military  Commander  at  Cambridge  shows 
that  a  number  of  British  prisoners  were  then  held  there 
under  guard  of  Thomas  Smith.  Governor  Johnson  gave 
orders  to  Commodore  Grason  "to  proceed  with  the  g^lies 
'Conqueror*  and  'Chester/  boats  Tlater'  and  'Amelia'  and 
two  boats  taken  up  on  this  occasion  to  Cambridge,  and  there 
receive  into  your  charge  the  crew  of  the  British  Frigate  'Mer- 
maid/ now  prisoners  of  war.  The  prisoners  are  to  be  dis- 
tributed amongst  the  vessels  with  a  view  to  convenience  and 
security.  Your  disposition  and  prudence,  we  flatter  our- 
selves, will  make  it  unnecessary  for  us  to  give  particular 
instructions  as  to  your  treatment  of  the  prisoners.  You  are 
to  come  too  off  Annapolis  for  further  instrujctions." 

In  August  following  instructions  were  given  Lieut.  Henry 
Hooper  to  send  ten  or  twelve  British  prisoners,  part  of  the 
crew  of  the  "Mermaid,"  who  had  been  held  while  sick  to 
Philadelphia  for  exchange. 

LIST  OF  MILITIA  OFFICERS   IN   DORCHES- 
TER COUNTY. 

Upper  Battalion,  with  Date  of  Commission. 

John  Dickinson,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

Joseph  Ennalls,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  May  20,  1778. 


222  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Joseph  Richardson,  Major,  May  20,  1778.     Promoted. 

John  SmKX)t,  Captain*  .May  20,  1778.  Comnuander  in 
Horse  Corps. 

Levin  Kirkman,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778.  Pro- 
moted to  Captain,  July  2,  1781. 

Wm.  Ennalls  Hicks,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
Promoted  to  First  Lieutenant,  1781. 

Nathan  Smith,  Second  Lieutenant.  Appointed  Second 
Lieutenant,  1781. 

James  Lay  ton.  Ensign,  May  20,  1778.     Resigned. 

Charles  Adams,  Ensign.     Appointed  August  23,  1781. 

Jacob  Wright,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

William  Lowe,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

Robert  Russum,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

Isaac  Low,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 

John  Langfitt,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

Levin  Bestpitch,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

George  Brown,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

William  Phillips,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 

Spencer  Waters,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

Ezekiel  Reed,  Captain.    Appointed  Captain  April  27,  1778. 

Isaac  Reed,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

Nehemiah  Messick,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
Moved  out  of  county. 

John  Reed,  Second  Lieutenant.  Appointed  Second  Lieu- 
tenant, July  28,  1780. 

John  Twyford,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778.     Resigned. 

Frank  Turpin,  Ensign.     Appointed  Ensign. 

Wm.  Walters,  Ensign.     Appointed  Ensign. 

Roger  Hooper,  Captain,  March  i,  1779. 

Samuel  Hooper,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Edward  Scotten,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Walter  Rawley,  Ensign;  December  16,  1779. 

Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Jr.,  Captain,  December  16,  1779. 

Handley  Hanley,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Anthony  Manning,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16, 
1779. 


LIST  OF   MILITIA  OFFICERS  223 

Joseph  Hooper,  Ensign,  December  i6,  1779. 

Joseph  Daffin,  Captain,  December  16,  1779.  Promoted 
Alajor. 

Thomas  Logan,  First  Lieutenant.  Promoted  Captain, 
July  28,  1780. 

James  Sulivan,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 
Promoted  First  Lieutenant.  Promoted  Captain,  July  2, 
X781. 

Willis  Newton,  Ensign,  December  16,  1779.  Promoted 
Second  Lieutenant.     Promoted  First  Lieutenant. 

Thomas  White,  Ensign,  December  16,  1779.     Appointed 
Second  Lieutenant. 
John  White,  Ensign. 

James  Wright,  Captain,  December  16,  1779.  Gone  to 
Carolina. 

William  Russum,  Captain.     Appointed,  Augiist  23,  1781. 

John  Miles,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Joseph  Stack,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Jeremiah  Connerly,  Ensign. 

Levin  Handley,  Captain,  December  16,  1779.     Ran  away. 

Wm.  Ennalls  Hooper,  Captain.  Appointed  Captain,  July 
28,  1780. 

John  Hooper,  Captain.     Appointed  July  2,  1781. 

John  Hooper,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779.  Pro- 
moted Captain. 

James  Hooper,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 
Promoted  First  Lieutenant. 

James  McCallister,  Second  Lieutenant.  Appointed,  July 
2, 1781. 

John  Marshall,  Ensign,  December  16,  1779.  Substitute. 
Promoted  Second  Lieutenant. 

John  Henry,  Captain. 

John  Muir,  First  Lieutenant. 

Benjamin  Bailey,  Second  Lieutenant. 

William  Morgan,  Ensign. 

Jacob  Stratton,  Ensign,  May  20,  1777. 


224  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

LIST  OF  MILITIA  OFFICERS  IN  DORCHESTER. 

COUNTY. 

Lower  Battalion,  with  Date  of  Commission. 

Robert  Harrison,  Colonel,  May  20,  1778. 

Thomas  Jones,  Colonel,  May  20,  1778.     Appointed  Col 
onel. 

Robert  Harrison,  Colonel.     Reappointed  Colonel,   Fel>— 
ruary,  1781. 

Ezekiel  Vickers,  Major,  May  20,  1778. 

Nathaniel  Manning,  Captain,  December  16,  1779. 

Levin  Woolford,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779- 

Benjamin  Woodward,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16, 
1779. 

Charles  Stewart,  Ensign,  December  16,  1779. 

Joseph  Robinson,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

Moses    LeCompte,    First    Lieutenant,    May    20,    1778. 
Resigned. 

John  Budd,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778.     Promoted  First  Lieu- 
tenant August  23,  1 78 1. 

John  Aaron,  Ensign.     Appointed  August  23,  1781. 

Augustus  Wheatley,  Captain,  December  16,  1779. 

John  ^Fletcher,  Captain.     Appointed   Capitain,  July  28, 
1780. 

William  Dail,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Thomas  Wheeler,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Thomas  Vickers  of  Jno.,   Ensign,  December   16,   1779. 
Promoted. 

Stephen  Ross,  Ensign.     Appointed. 

Roger  Jones,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

John  Bramble,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

John  Jones,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

James  Woolford,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 

Levin  Hubbard,  Captain,  December  16,  1779. 

William  Thomas,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

John  LeCompte,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Thomas  Hubbard,  Ensign,  December  16,  1779. 


UST  OF   MILITIA  OFFICERS  225 

Benjamin  Keene,  Captain,  May  20,  1778.     Resigned, 

John  Keene,  Captain.     Appointed  August  23,  1781. 

Richard  Tubman,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
Appointed  August  23,  1781. 

John  Griffith,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778.  Ap- 
pointed August  23,  1 78 1. 

Benjamin  Keene,  Ensign.     Appointed  August  23,  1781. 

James  Byus,  Captain,  December  16,  1779.     Resigned.    . 

Joseph  Hubbard,  Captain.  Appointed  Captain,  July  ^8, 
1780. 

Solomon  Jones,  First  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 

Joseph  Hubbard,  Second  Lieutenant,  December  16,  1779. 
Promoted  Captain. 

Samuel  Hubbard,  Second  Lieutenant.  Promoted  Second 
Lieutenant. 

William  Vickers  of  Jno.,  Ensign.     Appointed. 

Charles  Staplefort,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

John  Scott,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

Samuel  Hooper,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20, 1778. 

Bestpitch,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 

Edward  Staplefort,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 

Hugh  McGuire,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

Edward  Pritchett,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 

John  McGuire,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 


A  Half  Battalion  or  Corps. 

Matthew  Travers,  Captain,May  20,  1778. 
John  Travers,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
Philip  Ferguson,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
John  King,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 

John  Todd,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 
James  Davis,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
Michael  Todd,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
Reuben  Andrews,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 


226  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Timothy  McNamara,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 
Jno.  Stewart  McNamara,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778- 
Charles  Johnson,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
John  Kirwin,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 

Henry  Lake,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 
Levin  Willin,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
Luke  Robinson,  Second  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778. 
John  Todd,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778. 

William  Travers,  Captain,  May  20,  1778. 
Daniel  Fallen,  Major,  Ms^  20,  1778. 

Thomas  Eccleston,   Captain,   May  20,   1778. 

Levin  Travers,  First  Lieutenant,  May  20,  1778.  Commis- 
sioned in  Roger  A.  Hooper's  Company. 

John  Stanford,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778.  Commissioned 
in  James  Wright's  Company. 

Stephen  Ross,  Ensign,  May  20,  1778.  Commissioned 
in  Arthur  Whiteley's  Company. 

The  demand  for  officers  and  men  in  1779  ^"^  1780  could 
not  be  fully  supplied,  though  drafts  were  frequently  made 
from  the  militia  companies  until  almost  every  able-bodied 
man  was  drafted  to  fill  up  the  ranks  of  the  fighting  army  in 
the  field.  This  called  for  the  organization  of  new  militia  to 
do  guard  duty  at  home.  Many  of  the  militiamen  who  were 
financially  able,  procured  for  themselves  substitutes  from 
England,  Scotland  and  Canada,  to  serve  in  the  Continental 
Army,  while  they  staid  at  home  and  still  served  in  the  militia. 
In  March,  1779,  commissions  were  issued  to  Bartholomew 
Ennalls,  appointed  Captain  of  a  company  in  the  place  of 
John  LeCompte;  Handly  Handy,  First  Lieutenant;  Anthony 
Manning,  Second  Lieutenant,  and  James  Hodson,  Ensign; 
William  Ennalls  Hicks,  Second  Lieutenant  of  Captain 
Smoot's  company,  and  William  Newton,  Ensigii,  of  Captain 
Baffin's  company,  Upper  Battalion  of  Militia. 


NEW   ENROLLMENT  22/ 

November  2,  Lieut.  William  Woolford,  of  the  Second 
Maryland  Regiment,  took  to  the  army  the  following  recruits, 
^z:  Patrick  Bryan,  Thomas  Wyatt,  James  Harris,  Levin 
Button^  William  Willen  and  David  Robinson,  and  also  took 
the  following  deserters,  viz:  John  Carter,  Henry  Causey, 
Daniel  Oliver,  Laban  Bramble  and  Gabriel  Sales,  who  were 
sent  with  Captain  Woolford  to  appear  before  the  Governor 
and  Council  for  decision  whether  they  were  to  continue  in 
the  army  or  be  discharged. 

NEW  ENROLLMENT. 

Division  of  Dorchester  County  Militia  into  Bat- 
talions Returned  by  Henry  Hooper. 

July  15,  1780. 

Twenty-three  companies  of  Dorset  Militia,  divided  into 
Battalions  in  the  following  order : 
For  the  Upper  or  Third  Battalion,  ten  companies. 

Light  Infantry. 

Capt.  Joseph  Daffin's  company,  61  privates. 
Capt.  John  Smoot's  company,  54  privates. 
Capt.  Barth.  Ennalls'  company,  66  privates. 
Capt.  John  Henry's  company,  64  privates. 
Capt.  Roger  Askom  Hooper's  company,  64  privates. 
Capt.  John  Langfitt's  company,  65  privates. 
Lieut.  John  Hooper's  company,  45  privates. 
Capt.  Jacob  Wright's  company,  47  privates. 
Capt.  Ezekiel  Reed's  company,  64  privates. 
Capt.  James  Wright's  company,  55  privates. 

Total— 585. 

Commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers,  105. 

In  the  Lower  or  Nineteenth  Battalion,  nine  companies. 

Capt.  Nathaniel  Manning's  company,  70  privates. 
Capt.  Joseph  Robson's  company,  69  privates. 


228  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Capt.  Charles  Staplefort's  company,  71  privates. 
Lieut.  William  Dail's  company,  53  privates. 
Capt.  Roger  Jones'  company,  61  privates. 
Capt.  Levin  Hubbard's  company,  68  privates. 
Capt.  Benjamin  Keene's  company,  62  privates. 
Lieut.  Solomon  Jones'  company,  60  privates. 
Capt.  Edward  Staplefort's  company,  56  privates. 

Total — 570. 

Commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers,  iii. 

In  the  corps,  four  companies : 

Capt.  Henry  Lake's  company,  69  privates. 
Capt.  Timothy  McNamara's  company,  65  privates. 
Capt.  John  Todd's  company,  52  privates. 
Capt.  Job  Slacum,  Jr.'s  company,  51  privates. 

Total — 237. 
Commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers,  53. 

Total  number  of  privates — 1661. 

Daniel  Fallen  was  Major  in  the  Corps. 

Henry  Hooper, 
Lieutenant,  Dorset  County. 

Official  list  of  officers  of  Dorchester  companies  not  here- 
tofore published : 

Captains. 

Francis  Turpin,  John  Maguire, 

Joseph  Wright,  Jr.  William  Scott, 

John  Turpin,  Ebbin  Newton, 

William  Pattison,  Samuel  Keene, 

John  Greene,  William  Taylor, 

Thomas  Thompson,  Edward  Wright 

Lieutenants. 

Joseph  Vickers,  James  Moore, 

Isaac  Wright,  Thomas  Waters, 


LETTER  FROM    HENRY   HOOPER  TO  THE  GOVERNOR  22g 

Lieutenants — Continued. 

Henry  Smooth  Samuel  Elliott, 

John  Buddy  Thomas  Hicks. 

Cyrus  Bell, 

Ensigns. 

Matthew  Smith,  William  Medford, 

Charles  Adams,  Nathan  Williams, 

Handy  Handly,  William  Thompson, 

John  Laing,  William  Jones, 

John  Brohawn,  John  Bestpitch. 

In  1780  the  seat  of  war  was  transferred  to  the  southern 
colonies  by  the  reinforcement  of  Lord  Rawdon's  army,  with 
the  army  of  Lord  Cornwallis  at  Camden.  In  the  American 
Army,  the  Maryland  Line  was  there,  fourteen  hundred 
strong,  including  Col.  Thos.  Woolford,  of  Dorchester,  and 
his  regiment.  The  gallant  Sumpter  and  Col.  Woolford  dar- 
ingly captured  the  army  supplies  of  Cornwallis,  taking  a 
forty-wagon  train  and  three  hundred  prisoners,  only  to  be 
lost  when  overtaken  by  the  British  mounted  infantry  at 
Catawba  Ford,  on  the  Wateree  River,  where  three  or  four 
hundred  Americans  were  killed,  wounded  or  captured.  Col- 
onel Woolford  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  In  the 
battles  of  Camden  and  Catawba,  the  Maryland  Line  lost  "six 
hundred  and  ninety-seven  of  the  rank  and  file,  and  eighty 
non-commissioned  officers."  In  the  sunny  land  of  Carolina, 
on  the  battlefields  of  Camden  and  Catawba,  sleep  some  of  the 
seedier  heroes  of  Dorchester. 

LETTER  FROM  HENRY  HOOPER  TO  THE 

GOVERNOR. 

Dorchester  County,  May  15,  1781. 
Since  the  suspension  ordered  by  Your  Excellency  and 
Council,  of  the  draft  of  the  militia  in  this  county  expired, 
I  have  made  a  draft  in  each  class,  being  twenty-eight  in  num- 
ber, that  have  not  furnished  a  recruit.  This  measure  is 
thought  illeg^  by  some  here,  as  not  being  made  agreeable 
to  the  Act.     I  should  therefore  be  glad  of  having  Your 


230  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Excellency's  orders  thereon.  I  received  the  Act  of  Assem- 
bly, with  your  orders  thereon,  for  depopulating  the  Islands, 
which  I  apprehend  cannot  now  be  put  in  execution  from  the 
number  of  enemy's  barges  constantly  cruising  there,  without 
the  assistance  of  some  armed  vessels  to  cooperate  with  the 
militia.  We  have  lately  received  information  that  the  enemy 
are  heaving  up  breastworks  and  fortifying  one  of  the  islands 
in  Holland's  Straits  for  the  protection  of  the  inhabitants  on 
those  islands.  On  Sunday  night  last  two  of  the  enemy's 
barges  came  about  two  miles  up  Transquaking  River,  took 
off  some  stock,  then  retreated  down  the  river  yesterday 
morning  before  the  militia  could  overtake  them.  Several 
dwelling  houses  in  this  county  have  lately  been  burnt  and  the 
property  of  the  inhabitants  carried  off  by  the  enemy,  and 
what  greatly  adds  to  our  misfortune  is  that  we  have  not  a 
single  gun  to  put  on  board  a  boat  to  take  or  drive  them  off 
from  our  coast. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir. 

Your  most  obed'  h'ble  serv't, 

Henry  Hooper. 


CHAPTER   XXVIL 


COINWALUS  ENTERS  CHESAPEAKE  BAY  AND  INVADES  BOTH  SHORES— <>REAT 
DEMAND  FOR  VOLUNTEERS,  ARMY  SUPPUES  AND  TRANSPORTS  FOR  WASH- 
INGTON'S AND  Lafayette's  soldiers— beef  cattle  required  from 

DORCHESTER  COUNTY — ^APPEAL  TO  GOVERNOR  LEE  FOR  ARMS— GEN. 
HENRY  HOOPER  SENDS  THE  COUNTY's  QUOTA  OF  TROOPS  TO  THE  ARMY- 
BARGES  BUILT  FOR  DEFENCE  AND  PROTECTION  OF  COMMERCE  ON  CHESA- 
PEAKE BAY— MORE  TROOPS  REQUIRED  AND  RECRUITED  FOR  THE  ARMY — 
TWO  COMPANIES  OF  SELECT  MILITIA  ORGANIZED— CLOSING  YEAR  OF  THE 
WAR. 

ARMY  SUPPLIES  COLLECTED. 

In  the  spring  of  1781,  when  Lord  Cornwallis  had  invaded 
Northeast  Virginia  by  entering  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  the 
people  on  both  "Shores'*  were  greatly  alarmed,  and  urgent 
demands  for  volunteers  and  army  supplies  were  made  to 
defend  the  State  and  aid  Washington  and  Lafayette's  soldiers 
with  food  and  transportation.  Dorchester  was  to  furnish 
400  head  of  cattle  for  the  army,  either  to  be  bought  or  seized 
by  authority  of  an  Act  for  procuring  supplies,  passed  June, 
1780.  Other  counties  were  required  to  furnish  cattle  in  like 
proportions,  and  also  pork  and  flour.  At  the  same  time 
warrants  were  issued  to  Quartermaster-Gen.  James  Sulivane, 
of  Dorchester  County,  and  other  quartermaster-generals,  giv- 
ing them  authority  to  impress  all  vessels  suitable  for  trans- 
porting troops  or  military  stores,  with  their  crews,  that  could 
be  found  in  the  rivers  or  harbors  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay;  to 
be  sent  immediately  to  the  head  of  Elk  River,  and  be  held 
under  orders  from  Donaldson  Yeats,  Deputy  Quartermaster- 
General,  to  be  used  to  convey  Washington's  Army  to  Vir- 
ginia by  way  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 


232  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

PATRIOTIC  DORCHESTER. 

{Scharfs  History.) 

From  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  inhabitants  of  the  East- 
em  Shore  felt  the  greatest  distress  for  the  want  of  arms.  The 
State  supplied,  from  time  to  time,  the  arms  needed  for  the 
militia  when  called  into  service;  but  the  supply  was  so  small 
that  when  the  militia  joined  the  main  army  the  people  at 
home  were  left  without  arms.  Under  these  circumstances, 
Robert  Goldsborough  and  Gustavus  Scott,  of  Dorchester 
County,  on  the  sixteenth  of  January,  1781,  addressed  the  fol- 
lowing appeal  to  Governor  Lee : 

''In  the  present  alarming  situation  of  our  affairs  we  should 
f>e  wanting  in  attention  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  town  and 
county  if  we  did  not  apply  in  the  most  earnest  manner  to 
your  Excellency  to  supply  us  with  the  means  of  defending 
ourselves  from  an  enemy  so  lately  and  so  frequently  almost 
jat  our  doors;  a  particular  part  of  the  State  when  invaded 
has  the  right  to  expect  assistance  from  the  more  powerful 
parts  of  it;  local  circumstances  render  it  difficult  for  the  in- 
habitants of  this  Shore,  exposed  as  they  are  to  the  utmost 
<:alamities  of  war  and  piracies,  to  expect  assistance  from  our 
more  powerful  neighbors  of  the  Western  Shore.  The  greater 
then,  unquestionable,  is  the  need  that  we  should  have  the 
means  of  defence  in  our  own  hands. 

"We  cannot  but  hope  it  is  a  fact,  not  within  your  Excel- 
lency's knowledge,  that  out  of  1700  effective  men  in  this 
county,  not  more  than  1 50  of  the  number  can  be  armed ;  not 
a  single  field-piece,  nor  ammunition  sufficient  for  our  number 
of  arms.  This  State  has  no  county  in  it  which  has  mani- 
fested a  more  uniform  and  earnest  zeal  in  the  present  just 
and  necessary  opposition  than  Dorset;  but  invasion  without 
the  power  of  resistance,  however  strong  the  inclination,  will 
and  really  has  sapped  the  Whigism  of  our  common  people; 
few  even  of  the  vulgar  are  so  ignorant  as  not  to  know  that 
allegiance   and   protection   are  reciprocal;  they  have   fre- 


APPEAL  TO  GOVERNOR  LEE  233 

quently,  in  the  course  of  the  summer,  been  at  the  mercy  of 
a  cruel  enemy  without  any  other  weapons  to  defend  them- 
selves but  those  that  nature  gave  them.  When  the  enemy 
landed  at  Vienna  (a  town  not  twenty  miles  distant  from  this 
place)  with  two  barges  and  thirty  men,  there  were  not  a 
dozen  effective  arms  in  the  town. 

"The  Lieutenant  of  the  County  will  inform  your  Excellency 
oi  the  number  of  arms  and  the  quantity  of  ammunition 
necessary  for  his  militia.  We  flatter  ourselves  your  Excel- 
lency will  use  every  means  in  your  power  to  supply  our 
militia  with  500  effective  muskets,  2  field  pieces,  and  pow- 
der and  ball  sufficient  for  that  number  of  arms.  ♦  ♦  ♦ 
Provisions  of  no  kind  can  be  bought  here  on  the  credit  of  the 
State,  and  the  Commissary  has  not  one  shilling  of  public 
money  in  his  hands.     *    *     *" 

As  required  by  Act  of  Congress  in  May,  1781,  to  raise 
two  battalions  of  militia  for  reinforcing  the  Continental  Army 
with  1345  men,  Gen.  Henry  Hooper  sends  the  quota  from 
Dorchester.     He  writes : 


Dorchester  County,  June  28,  1781. 
Sir: 

I  have  sent  fourteen  drafted  militia  men  under  the 
care  of  Lieut.  Hugh  Maguire,  procured  under  late  Act  of 
Assembly,  to  serve  in  the  Continental  Army  until  the  loth 
day  of  Dec.  next.  *  *  ♦  several  of  them  have  been  water- 
men and  seem  very  desirous  to  serve  on  board  of  some  of  our 
barges,  particularly  Peter  Harrington,  Job  Hubbert,  Roger 
Trcgoe  and  Anthony  Tall,  Jr. 

I  have  desired  Mr.  Maguire  to  apply  to  your  Board  to 
satisfy  him  for  transporting  the  drafted  men  to  Annapolis. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir,  yr  very  hble  servt. 

Henry  Hooper. 

Dorchester  County,  in  Council. 

His  Excellency,  the  Governor. 


234  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  CX)UNTY 

Names  of  drafted  militia : 

John  Wheeler,  Wm.  Proctor,  Jr., 

Nehemiah  Lingard,  Nathan  Busick, 

John  Dicks,  Anthony  Tall, 

Samuel  Hurst,  Roger  Tregoe, 

Levin  Thomas,  Peter  Harrington, 

Ezekiel  Whitcoks,  John  Booth, 

Job  Hubbert,  Wm.  Dickenson. 

At  this  same  session,  an  Act  Tor  defence  of  the  Bay  was 
also  passed,  that  authorized  the  building  of  not  over  eight 
barges,  to  be  manned  and  fitted. 

On  the  barge  "Fearnought"  was  part  of  a  crew  from  Dor- 
chester County,  viz:  Captain,  Levin  Spedden;  Nehemiah 
Beckwith,  John  Thomas,  David  Davis,  James  Frazier,  Wm. 
Frazier,  John  Thomas,  Jun.,  John  Wheeler,  William  Millby, 
William  Navy,  John  Frazier. 

Each  man  who  volunteered  to  serve  on  the  barges  were 
paid  £3  bounty  and  £3  per  month. 

(See  Md.  Archives.) 

BARGE  FLOTILLA  ON  CHESAPEAKE  BAY. 

Extract  from  the  journal  of  Commodore  Grason,  on  a 
cruise  in  the  Chesapeake,  begun  in  July,  1781,  in  command 
of  the  barges  "Revenge,"  "Terrible"  and  "Intrepid." 

"Monday,  29,  at  6,  took  two  small  schooners  that  had  been* 
taken  by  the  enemy,  one  of  which  had  a  negro  and  a  white 
man  on  board;  the  other  was  ran  on  shore  on  Bam  Island, 
and  the  hands  sent  over  the  Bay  by  one  Job  Wilson  or 
Williams;  he  carried  on  a  Salt  Works  on  the  Island,  which 
we  broke  up  and  took  his  potts  away  for  assisting*  the 
enemy.     *     *     *" 

Much  more  interesting  matter  is  recorded  in  the  journal, 
but  not  relating  to  Dorchester  County. 

As  the  ravages  of  war  depleted  the  ranks  of  the  American 
Army,  frequent  demands  for  new  recruits  were  made  by  the 
General  Assembly. 


THE  UPPER  AND  LOWER  BATTALIONS 


235 


Towards  raising  two  battalions  for  the  State,  in  July,  1781, 
the  following  named  recruits  were  enrolled  in  Dorchester 
County : 

Upper  Battalion. 


William  Harrington, 
Aaron  Perry, 
John  HufKngton, 
Foster  Hooper, 
William  Pritchett,  * 
John  Willen, 
John  Stinnett, 
John  Matkins, 
Thomas  Smith, 
David  Murray  Stewart, 
Philemon  Tinunons, 
John  Brily, 
John  Greenwood, 
James  Taylor, 
Andrew  Bramble, 
Joseph  Ross, 


Levin  Collins, 
Moses  Morelake, 
Elisha  Stack, 
Andrew  Kerwen, 
David  Foxwell, 
Wm.  Valient, 
Elijah  Lyons, 
Potter  Shehee, 
Geo.  Buly, 
David  Medess, 
Salady  Standly, 
Frederick  Johnson, 
John  Dean, 
John  Hambleton, 
John  White, 
Amos  Griffith, 


William  Covey. 


Lower  Battalion. 


John  Dobson, 
Robert  Burress, 
James  Driver, 
Abel  Gamer, 
Aaron  Vinson, 
Mathew  Harvey, 
Jacob  Tucker, 
Richard  Harrington, 
Levin  Harrington, 
George  Williams, 
Godfrey  Sullener, 
William  Harper, 
Richard  Hayes, 


William  Roberts, 
Henry  Harper, 
Timothy  Langjall, 
Aaron  Mitchell, 
Absolom  Goostree, 
Robert  Meekins, 
John  Matkins, 
David  Jones, 
John  Willis, 
William  Proctor, 
David  Davis, 
Levin  Ross, 
John  Stevens, 


236 


HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 


Lower  Battalion — Continued. 
Thomas  Morgan,  James  Busick, 

Benjamin  Fletcher,  Thomas  Owens. 


Recruited  for  the  Corps. 


Charles  Sickle, 
David  Blake, 
Levi  Johnson, 
Charles  Homer, 
Francis  Insley, 


July  24,  1 78 1. 
(See  Md.  Archives.) 


Robert  Johnson, 
William  Murphy, 
Joseph  Insley, 
Levin  McGraw, 
Adams  Foxwell, 

John  Goldsborough, 

Recruiting  Officer. 


DORCHESTER  MIUTIA,  SELECT  COMPANIES 

DRAFTED. 

Dorchester  County,  Aug.  21, 1781, 
We  have  made  up  two  companies  of  select  Militia  in  this 
county,  the  inclosed  are  lists  thereof.  As  they  are  principally 
draughted  men  and  not  entitled  to  choose  their  officers,  I 
have  undertaken  to  recommend  the  three  first  named  in  each 
list  for  commissioned  officers;  they  were  commissioned  offi- 
cers in  the  Militia  at  large.  Col.  Dickinson's  List  of  officers 
wanting  with  Upper  Battalion  is  also  inclosed  that  Commis- 
sions may  be  issued  accordingly;  you  will  be  pleased  to 
have  said  Commissions  issued  as  soon  as  you  can  conveni- 
ently and  send  them  forward  as  they  are  much  wanting;  also 
Commissions  on  Col.  Jones'  list  lately  lodged  with  your 
Board. 

As  we  have  but  a  small  Quantity  of  Arms  in  the  county  I 
must  request  your  Excellency  will  be  pleased  to  send  by  the 
Bearer  hereof  Ninety-six  stand  of  Arms  and  Ammunition  for 
the  Select  Militia. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  Sir 
His  Excellency  yr  very  h'ble  Serv't 

The  Governor  in  Council  Henry  Hooper. 


SELECT   MILITIA 


237 


Upper  Battauon — Select  Militia. 

Anno  1 781. 

Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Jr.,  Captain, 
James  McColIister,  Lieutenant, 


John  Miles,  Ensign, 
Isaac  Williams, 
Joseph  Trippe, 
Luke  Williams, 
James  Paul, 
Philemon  Dickinson, 
Mathew  Williams, 
Andrew  McColIister, 
Richard  Covey, 
Henry  Windows, 
Samuel  Higgins, 
Thomas  Keys, 
Willis  Scottoe, 
Peter  Cook, 
George  Turner, 
Samuel  Shareman, 
Nehemiah  Hubbert, 
John  Dean,  Jun. 
Charles  Dickinson, 
Levin  Thomas, 
Jeremiah  Neach, 
Wallace  Crawford, 
Thomas  Delehay, 
James  Hicks, 


John  Hooper  (of  John), 
Thomas  Canady, 
Thomas  Ball, 
William  Smith, 
Hooper  Hurst, 
Henry  Travers, 
George  Robinson, 
William  Phillips,  Jun. 
Edward  Riggin, 
Edward  Jones, 
Thomas  Arnett, 
William  Dingle, 
Thomas  Slaughter, 
John  Sears, 
Robert  Ingram, 
Hezekiah  James, 
Joseph  Croneen, 
Beacham  Harper, 
Littleton  Waller, 
John  Elliott,  Jun. 
Benjamine  Shaw, 
Absalom  Harding, 
William  Robinson, 
James  Withgott, 
Thomas  Hamilton. 


Lower  Battalion — Select  Militia. 

Anno  1 78 1. 

Charles  Staplefort,  Captain, 
Richard  Tubman,  Jr.,  Lieutenant. 

Charles  Stewart,  Ensign,  Edward  Woolen  of  John, 

Benjamine  Valient  or  Nalient,  James  Gadd, 


238 


HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 


Lower  Battalion — Continued. 


Philemon  LeCompte  of  Wm. 

Thomas  Earle, 

Thomas  Abbott, 

Benjamins  Stevens, 

John  Byrn, 

John  Eccleston, 

Joseph  Scott, 

William  Matkin, 

Philip  Tall, 

Charles  Thomas, 

Aaron  Wallace, 

James  Johnson, 

Ezekiel  Keene,  Jr. 

Ayres  Busick, 

Thomas  Cook,  of  Bain. 

John  Barney, 

Robert  Ramsey, 

Nehemiah  Beckwith, 

William  Ross  of  Thos. 

John  Sharpless, 

Richard  Pattison,  Jr. 

James  Travers,  Jr. 

Philemon 


Nathan  Staplefort, 
Edmund  Colson, 
Thomas  James, 
Elie  Lane, 
John  Busick, 
Edward  Broadus, 
William  PhilUps, 
John  Colson  of  Thomas, 
Elijah  Pritchett, 
Henry  Brannock, 
James  Busick, 
Granthom  Earle, 
William  Christopher, 
Robert  Meekins, 
David  Mills, 
Reubin  Ross, 
John  Warren, 
William  Navey, 
Standley  Byus, 
John  Marshall, 
John  Childerstone, 
William  Soward, 
Simmons. 


HORSES  SUPPLIED  THE  ARMY  FROM  DOR- 
CHESTER COUNTY. 

In  Council,  Annapolis, 
29,  Septr.  1 78 1. 
Sir: 

We  request  you  to  send  all  the  horses  you  have  collected 
and  not  delivered,  immediately  to  this  place  and  have  them 
delivered  to  John  Bullen,  Esq.  You  will  give  particular 
direction  to  have  the  horses  well  taken  care  of  on  the  road. 

We  are  Sir  yr.  ob't  Servt. 

#T»         T^  ■m-.j  YT  1  HOS.     JTl.     JLrE£. 

To  Doctor  Wm.  Hooper, 

Collector  of  horses  Dorset  Countv. 


CLOSING  YEAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION  239 

CLOSING  YEAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 

In  the  campaign  of  1781,  Maryland  was  taxed  to  the 
utmost  for  all  resources  needful  in  war  to  confront  the  invad- 
ing foe  and  sustain  the  Continental  Army  in  its  movements 
against  Lord  Comwallis.  Dorchester  County,  well  supplied 
with  grain  and  live  stock  to  feed  the  army,  and  sail  vessels 
for  its  transportation,  made  heroic  sacrifices  in  the  line  of 
duty  to  assist  in  winning  the  final  victory  at  Yorktown,  that 
brought  the  War  for  Independence  to  a  successful  close. 

FLOTILLA    OF     BARGES     RENDEZVOUSED    AT 

CHURCH  CREEK,  MD.,  BY  ORDER  OF 

EASTERN  SHORE  COMMITTEE. 

In  Special  Council, 
Talbot  Court  house,  October  4,  1781. 
Ordered  that  Commodore  Grason  do  cary  or  cause  to  be 
carried  the  barges  "Revenge,"  "Terrible,"  and  "Intrepid"  to 
Church  Creek,  and  deliver  them  together  with  their  oars. 
Sails,  Rigging  and  everything  belonging  to  them  with  an 
inventory  thereof,  to  Mr.  Robert  Richardson,  there,  who  is 
requested  to  receive  and  take  particular  care  of  everything 
put  into  his  hands,  for  which  he  shall  be  allowed  a  reasonable 
account. 

Why  were  the  armed  barges  laid  up  before  the  surrender 
of  Comwallis*  army  and  fleet  of  British  vessels  at  Yorktown? 

Had  prophecy  foretold  the  Council  of  Safety  what  the 
results  at  Yorktown  would  be? 


Country  Products  and  Resources. 

CHAPTER   XXVIII. 

TOBACCO — STATE  OP  TRADE — LUMBER — SHIPBUILDING — PARMING — INCREASED 
FACILITIES  —  MANUFACTURING  —  OYSTERING  —  FISHING  —  TERRAPINS — 
WILD  FOWLS — FUR  TRADE. 

The  first  crop  cultivated  for  sale  by  the  early  settlers  in 
Dorchester  County  was  tobacco.  It  was  at  first  raised  in 
small  quantities  and  until  ports  of  entry  were  established  on 
the  Eastern  Shore,  was  carried  to  Patuxent,  there  to  be 
exported  mostly  to  England.  It  was  the  chief  medium  of 
exchange  for  merchandise,  for  the  use  of  the  colonists  in  the 
county.  Larger  croi>s  were  annually  raised  for  sale  or  export 
up  to  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  of  1776,  and  brought 
wealth  and  luxury  for  those  days  to  the  planters.  But  when 
the  war  came  and  trade  with  England  was  suspended,  this 
paying  crop  was  abandoned  for  com,  wheat,  rye  and  live 
stock  for  home  consumption  and  army  supplies.  These  star 
pie  crops  were  thereafter  g^own  until  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War  in  1865,  when  changed  conditions  in  agriculture  largely 
retired  grain  crops  on  the  Eastern  Shore  for  others  appar- 
ently more  profitable. 

Most  branches  of  business  in  the  county  have  gfreatly  in- 
creased, some  two  and  threefold,  within  the  last  fifty  years. 
Only  a  few  industries  have  declined  and  in  most  cases  have 
been  supplanted  by  others  more  profitable.  Business  enter- 
prise has  increased  in  more  rapid  proportion  than  the  popula- 
tion, at  present  about  28,000,  a  fact  which  speaks  well  of  the 
perseverance  and  active  energy  displayed  by  the  inhabitants. 

Lumbering  and  shipbuilding,  so  extensively  carried  on  for 
more  than  150  years  is  an  industry  of  the  county  that  has 
suffered  the  greatest  decline.    Vast  tracts  of  oak  and  pine 


FARMING  241 

timber,  once  so  plentiful  and  cheap,  are  now  almost  ex- 
hausted. As  early  as  1735,  vessel  building  was  active  on  both 
the  Choptank  and  Nanticoke  Rivers.  To  name  some  of  the 
vessels  and  owners  who  built  that  year  may  not  be  a  thrilling 
event,  but  a  historical  fact,  nevertheless.  (See  record  of 
vessels,  Md.  Archives) :  '^Register  granted  to  William  Ed- 
mondson,  of  Maryland,  merchant,  being  of  the  people  called 
Quakers,  for  the  Schooner  *Charming  Betty'  of  Maryland, 
John  Coward,  Master;  square  stemed  vessel,  Burthen  ab't 
thirty  Tons,  built  at  Choptank  River,  in  the  year  1735,  by 
Henry  Trippe,  John  Anderson,  and  the  said  William  Ed- 
mondson  owners  thereof." 

June  25,  1735,  '^Register  granted  in  common  form  unto 
Adam  Muir  of  Maryland,  Merchant,  for  the  Brigantine,  *Sea 
'Nymph,'  of  Maryland,  Law,  Draper,  Master,  Burthen  about 
fifty  tons,  square  sterned,  built  in  Dorchester  County,  in  the 
year  1735,  for  the  said  Adam  Muir,  owner  thereof." 

October  22,  1739,  a  register  was  granted  to  '']2cmt^  Bill- 
ings, merchant,  for  the  ship  *Rider,'  about  80  tons,  burthen 
built  at  Nanticoke  River,  in  1738.  James  Billings,  Master 
and  owner." 

Since  1738  many  Bay  and  seacoasting  vessels  have  been 
built  on  all  the  navigable  rivers  within  and  bounding  the 
county,  and  hundreds  of  cargoes  of  ship  timber  have  been 
sent  to  Baltimore  and  Eastern  cities  of  the  United  States  for 
shipbuilding.  A  much  greater  bulk  of  building  lumber  for 
general  purposes  has  been  shipped  out  of  the  county.  Forty 
years  ago  shipbuilding  was  a  prosperous  enterprise  at  Cam- 
bridge, Church  Creek,  Loomtown,  Taylor's  Island  and  on 
the  Nanticoke  and  Northwest  Fork  Rivers.  Now  only  at 
two  places  in  the  county  are  vessels  extensively  built — 
Brooks'  Yard,  near  Madison,  and  Linthicum's,  at  Church 
Creek. 

FARMING. 

Farming  has  made  favorable  progress  through  the  adop- 
tion of  improved  methods  and  the  substitution  of  fruit  and 
vegetable  crops  in  the  place  of  larger  grain  crops  formerly 

10 


242  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

raised.  Changed  conditions  elsewhere,  the  rapid  growth  of 
large  manufacturing  and  commercial  cities  in  and  near  Mary- 
land, and  the  phenomenal  production  of  very  large  grain 
crops  in  the  "West,"  required  a  change  in  the  farming  sys- 
tem here,  though  large  crops  of  wheat,  com,  hay  and  live- 
stock, sheep,  cattle,  horses,  hogs  and  poultry  have  been  and 
still  are  extensively  raised. 

Wherever  progressive  energy  leads  to  greater  development 
that  requires  better  facilities  for  successful  advancement, 
genius  skillfully  invents  methods  to  meet  the  exigencies. 

The  fine  navigable  rivers  of  Dorchester  County,  Nature's 
outlets  for  its  products,  were  not  sufficient  to  meet  the  farm- 
ing demands  as  larger  areas  of  interior  lands  were  improved 
and  put  under  cultivation,  hence  two  railroads  have  been 
built  across  the  county,  intersecting  each  other  at  right 
angles  that  offer  greater  facilities  for  rapid  transit  traffic,  so 
that  farmers  have  been  induced  to  raise  large  crops  of 
orchard  and  garden  fruits  and  vegetables  on  thousands  of 
acres,  annually  cultivated,  that  yield  fair  returns  for  the 
reward  of  labor. 

A  vast  area  of  fertile  but  neglected  land  in  the  southern 
section  of  the  county  only  awaits  railroad  advantages  for 
active  and  paying  development. 

MANUFACTURING. 

Manufacturing  has  always  been  and  still  is  limited  by  the 
absence  of  good  water-power  and  convenient  coal  supply. 
However,  there  are  about  twenty  water-mills  in  active  opera- 
tion for  the  manufacture  of  flour,  meal,  hominy  and  lumber, 
and  fifteen  steam  mills  for  like  uses  in  the  county. 

OYSTER,   FISH   AND    CRAB  INDUSTRY. 

Next  to  agriculture,  in  importance  for  resourceful  employ- 
ment and  for  the  support  of  a  large  number  of  people  living 
within  and  out  of  the  county,  is  the  oyster  industry.  Before 
1830  the  commercial  value  of  oysters  was  very  low,  ranging 
from  ten  to  twenty-five  cents  a  bushel.     No  regular  city  mar- 


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THE  OYSTER  INDUSTRY  243 

kets  had  then  been  established  for  buying;,  shucking  and 
shipping  them  to  distant  points.  In  1836,  when  C.  S.  Maltby 
beg^  shucking  oysters  in  Baltimore  and  shipping  them  by 
relays  of  wagon  teams  as  far  as  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania, 
oystering  as  a  business  was  begun  in  Dorchester  County. 
Oyster  buyers  in  boats  first  came  to  Fishing  Bay  and  other 
places  in  the  county  from  Annamessick  and  established  a 
market  for  tonged  oysters.  There  was  no  law  to  regulate 
catching  oysters  then,  which  were  caught  and  sold  at  any 
time  and  all  seasons  whenever  in  demand.  The  first  buyer, 
with  his  vessel,  from  Dorchester  County,  was  Capt.  Levin 
Insley,  who  began  the  business  in  1840.  In  a  few  years  the 
trade  became  so  profitable  that  oyster  dredging  was  legalized 
in  Somerset  County.  Soon  thereafter  the  Somerset  dredgers 
began  to  invade  the  water  of  Dorchester  in  fleets  of  boats  and 
dredge  where  oysters  were  more  plentiful  than  in  their  own 
county.  To  prevent  this  wholesale  robbing  of  the  oyster 
beds,  the  Legfislature  passed  an  Act  authorizing  the  Sheriff 
and  other  officers  of  the  county  to  arrest  any  non-resident 
dredgers  found  dredging  within  the  limits  of  Dorchester 
County.  To  enforce  this  law  it  required  the  aid  of  private 
citizens,  who  were  summoned  and  sometimes  armed  to  assist 
in  driving  away  these  daring  oystermen.  During  efforts 
made  to  capture  some  of  them  that  they  might  be  made  to 
suffer  the  penalty  of  the  law,  they  resisted  so  forcibly  that 
firearms  were  used  upon  them,  and  occasionally  some  Somer- 
set dredger  was  shot.  In  these  conflicts  one  or  two  persons 
from  Deal's  Island  were  killed.  This  warfare  kept  up  a  very 
bitter  feeling  in  the  Somerset  people  against  Dorchester 
oystermen,  which  has  never  entirely  subsided  but  has  been  at 
times  revived  by  subsequent  fights,  in  which  some  have  been 
wounded  and  a  man  killed  in  later  years. 

In  1861  violations  of  the  oyster  law  became  so  flagrant  that 
the  Sheriff  of  Dorchester  County  was  obliged  to  forcibly  em- 
ploy the  Steamers  "Pioneer"  and  "Cecil,'*  at  great  cost,  and 
also  the  Schooners  "Taylor's  Island"  and  "Past  Grand," 
"Albert    Thomas,"    and    "Regulator,"    with    Capt.    James 


244  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Langrall,  all  of  which  were  armed  and  equipped  to  guard 
the  great  oyster  beds  in  the  county  from  invasion  by  dar- 
ing dredgers  from  Somerset  County,  Baltimore  City,  Phila- 
delphia and  New  Jersey. 

In  this  period  of  local  protection  under  county  control, 
William  Fallin,  a  civil  officer  in  Straits,  was  a  bold  and 
fearless  leader  who  probably  did  more  effective  work  than 
any  other  man  in  the  county  towards  protecting  the  oyster 
beds  from  ruinous  depletion  by  desperate  invaders. 

After  the  State  established  police  protection  in  1870,  first 
under  command  of  Capt.  Hunter  Davidson  and  other  suc- 
ceeding officers,  several  oystermen  have  been  shot  who 
resisted  or  fled  from  arrest.  Owing  to  the  conflicting  inter- 
ests that  originated  from  the  different  ways  allowed  for  catch- 
ing oysters,  the  time  when  to  be  caught  and  where  to  be 
sold,  the  laws  have  been  frequently  changed  for  proposed  im- 
provements but  have  failed  to  benefit  people  and  State  as 
desired,  and  it  is  still  an  undetermined  and  vexed  question  as 
to  the  best  way  to  perpetuate  and  improve  this  valuable  indus- 
try. And  while  there  has  been  a  great  diversity  of  interests 
and  dissensions  among  the  different  classes  of  oystermen  in 
the  county,  and  annual  prosecutions  for  violations  of  the  oys- 
ter laws  for  the  past  thirty  years,  yet  there  has  been  derived 
from  license  fees  and  fines  a  handsome  revenue  appropriated 
for  public  school  uses,  that  has  averaged  about  twenty  per 
cent,  of  the  county  school  fund  annually,  a  grand  aggregate 
of  $100,000  at  least  since  1870  for  public  school  education. 

Crabbing  is  a  summer  business,  in  which  oystermen  and 
fishermen  engage,  catching  hard  and  soft  crabs  with  some 
profit.  Most  of  the  crabs  are  shipped  alive  to  the  city  mar- 
kets. Canning  crab  meat  has  not  been  profitably  and  |>er- 
manently  established  in  the  county.  Its  future  is  more 
promising. 

FISH. 

In  the  county  waters  a  variety  of  fish,  millions  in  numbers, 
make  either  a  permanent  or  temporary  home  for  propagation 
and  existence;  they  are  principally  caught  during  spring, 


ox  TEAM  IN  TOWN. 


TERRAPIN — WILD  FOWL — FUR  TRADE  24S 

summer  and  fall,  in  hauling  and  floating  seines,  hedge 
pounds,  weirs,  and  with  hook  and  line,  the  angler's  sport,  a 
practical  privilege  which  every  citizen  has  been  freely  allowed 
without  restraint  of  law  since  the  time  when  the  first  white 
man  planted  his  home  on  the  Eastern  Shore. 

The  business  of  trap  fishing,  chiefly  for  the  migratory 
species — shad,  herring,  trout  and  other  kinds,  is  often  profit- 
able and  affords  employment  for  hundreds  of  Dorchester  cit- 
izens under  regulations  of  law.  The  estimated  value  of  fish, 
an  uncultivated  food  product,  fails  to  receive  due  considera- 
tion in  point  of  value  by  consumers  of  such  healthy  and 
nutritious  diet. 

TERRAPIN. 

The  natural  home  of  the  diamond  back  terrapin  in  Chesa- 
peake Bay  and  tributaries  includes  the  hundreds  of  salt  water 
coves,  creeks  and  inlets  that  indent  the  Bay  and  river  coasts 
of  Dorchester  County.  Where  once  they  were  so  plentiful  as 
to  be  neglected  as  a  table  delicacy,  they  are  now  so  scarce 
that  a  terrapin  supper  is  one  of  the  most  costly  entertain- 
ments prepared  to  please  epicurean  tastes. 

Terrapin  catching  as  a  business  is  chiefly  confined  to  the 
oystering  and  fishing  classes. 

WILD    FOWL. 

Wary  water  birds  of  instant  flight,  migratory  geese  and 
ducks,  that  annually  winter  in  Maryland  waters,  aflford  the 
finest  shooting  sport  sought  by  gunners.  No  table  luxuries 
surpass  a  feast  on  wild  goose  and  canvasback  duck. 

FUR    TRADE. 

The  fur-bearing  animals  in  the  county  are  of  small  species, 
chiefly  the  otter,  mink,  muskrat,  opossum,  rabbit,  fox  and 
raccoon.  The  muskrat  skins  trebly  outnumber  all  the  others 
combined  that  are  taken  by  hunters  and  trappers.     This 


246  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

traffic  has  been  increasing  for  the  last  thirty  years,  subject, 
however,  to  the  variable  prices  of  fur  annually  set  in  Euro- 
pean markets.  The  number  of  skins  annually  sold  in  the 
county  is  surprising.  The  sales  from  the  winter's  catch  end- 
ing in  March,  1902,  were  about  80,000,  averaging  twenty 
cents  apiece,  amounting  to  over  $15,000  for  Dorchester  fur 
dealers  and  trappers. 

The  shipment  of  muskrat  meat  and  bull  frogs  to  Baltimore 
market  is  no  burlesque  on  the  county's  products  and  trade. 


War  of  1812-1815. 
CHAPTER   XXIX. 

The  military  records  of  the  State  of  Maryland  of  the  War 
of  1 812  were  removed  from  the  Adjutant  General's  office  in 
Annapolis  to  the  War  Department  at  Washington  during 
the  administration  of  Governor  Hicks,  and  are  not  now  acces- 
sible for  private  citizens  to  collect  historical  data  therefrom ; 
therefore,  the  war  history  of  local  interest  relating  to  Dor- 
chester County  cannot  be  fully  obtained. 

In  this  war  with  Great  Britain,  tragic  scenes  were  broad  on 
land  and  sea,  extending  from  Canada  to  Lx)uisiana,  and  from 
one  side  of  the  Atlantic  to  the  other. 

The  declaration  of  war  was  made  by  Congress,  June  18, 
1812,  though  not  unanimously;  six  Maryland  representatives 
voted  for  war  and  three  against  it.  In  the  Maryland  House 
of  Delegates,  resolutions  opposing  an  oflFensive  war  were 
adopted  by  a  vote  of  forty-one  for  and  twenty-one  against. 
In  the  Senate  a  majority  favored  prosecuting  the  war  with 
much  vigor. 

While  six  thousand  soldiers  were  Maryland's  quota,  twelve 
thousand  volunteered.  Without  records  for  examination  the 
volunteers  from-  Dorchester  County  cannot  be  named. 

Not  until  the  spring  of  181 3,  when  the  British  blockaded 
Delaware  and  Chesapeake  Bays  and  invaded  the  Chesa- 
peake from  mouth  to  head  with  a  great  fleet  of  war  ships  and 
smaller  armed  vessels  under  Admiral  Cockbum,  did  the 
people  of  Dorchester  feel  alarmed  and  realize  the  danger 
from  such  a  large  force  of  the  enemy  so  strong  and  so  near. 
While  some  towns  and  many  farm-  houses  along  the  Bay  and 
tributaries  were  plundered  and  some  burnt,  Dorchester 
escaped  serious  ravages.  Many  people  in  the  county  who 
lived  near  the  Bay  and  mouths  of  the  rivers  moved  their 


248  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

live  Stock  and  personal  property  into  the  interior,  and  organ- 
ized themselves  into  squads  of  home  guards  for  defence,  and 
were  ever  ready  to  meet  when  called  by  the  signal  of  alarm, 
which  was  firing  a  musket  three  times  in  close  succession. 
Some  time  in  August,  18 14,  a  crew  on  a  British  barge  entered 
Fox  Creek,  in  Straits,  landed  and  went  to  Gabriel  McNa- 
mare's  and  took  all  of  his  meats  and  provisions  from  his 
smoke-house,  one  live  hog,  cut  down  some  com  in  his  field 
and  carried  away  one  of  his  colored  men,  who,  before  he  left, 
took  his  master's  best  hat  and  wore  it  away.  One  of  the 
enemy's  barges  at  another  time  went  into  Norman's  Cove, 
and  the  crew  burnt  Capt.  Timothy  McNamare's  vessel  and 
went  to  Clement  McNamara's,  plundered  his  house  and  car- 
ried away  his  farm  supply  of  provisions,  and  cut  out  and 
carried  away  a  "piece"  that  was  in  the  loom,  partly  woven. 

In  1 8 14  a  British  tender  and  crew,  commanded  by  Lieut. 
Phipps,  entered  Little  Choptank  River;  as  they  went  up  the 
river,  they  landed  at  some  farm  houses  and  took  supplies  of 
provisions.  When  near  Tobacco  Stick,  they  set  on  fire  a 
schooner  and  then  started  to  return  down  the  river  but  ran 
ashore  on  a  shoal  at  the  mouth  of  Parson's  Creek,  where  they 
were  temporarily  detained.  In  the  meantime,  the  men  in  the 
neighborhood  had  been  apprised  of  their  arrival  in  the  river 
and  hastily  organized  under  command  of  Capt.  Joseph 
Stewart  at  Tobacco  Stick,  and  started  in  pursuit  of  the 
enemy,  put  out  the  fire  on  the  burning  vessel,  then  went 
onward  and  attacked  and  captured  the  tender  and  her  crew. 
The  prisoners,  Lieut.  Phipps,  crew  of  seventeen  men  and 
one  colored  woman,  were  taken  to  Tobacco  Stick,  kept  there 
one  night  and  the  next  day  marched  under  g^ard  to  Cam- 
bridge, and  from  there  sent  to  Easton.  One  small  cannon 
and  some  small  arms  were  captured  on  the  barge.  The  old 
cannon  was  then  named  "Becca  Phipps,"  after  the  first  name 
of  the  colored  woman  prisoner  and  the  last  name  of  the 
Lieutenant  in  command.  The  old  gun  is  still  kept  at  Tay- 
lor's Island  and  Madison  as  a  trophy  of  the  naval  battle  and 
victory  on  the  Little  Choptank,  fought  and  won  by  the 
county  militia. 


REWARD  FOR  BRAVERY  249 

In  1816  and  1817  Congress  well  recognized  the  bravery  and 
patriotism  of  Capt.  Stewart  and  his  volunteers  by  passing  the 
following  act : 

"An  Act  authorizing  the  Payment  of  a  Sum  of  Money  to 
Joseph  Stewart  and  others." 

Sec.  I.  "Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress 
assembled.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  is 
hereby  authorized  and  required  to  pay  to  Joseph  Stewart 
and  his  associates  of  Dorchester  County,  in  the  State  of 
Maryland,  or  to  their  legal  representatives,  the  sum  of  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  dollars,  out  of  any  money  in  the 
Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  which  money  is  paid  to 
them  for  their  gallantry  and  good  conduct  in  capturing, 
during  the  late  war,  a  tender  belonging  to  the  *  Dauntless.' 
British  Ship  of  War,  and  taking  eighteen  prisoners,  to  wit: 
one  lieutenant,  one  midshipman,  thirteen  seamen,  and  three 
marines,  and  as  a  compensation  for  the  prisoners  so  taken." 

Sec.  2.  "And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  any  claim 
which  the  United  States  may  have  to  the  said  captured  ves- 
sel and  property  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  released  to 
the  said  captors." 

After  the  passage  of  this  Act  many  more  claimants  than 
fighters  claimed  a  share  of  the  appropriation.  The  men  who 
came  out  of  the  bushes  after  the  battle  was  over  arrived  too 
late  to  participate  in  the  fight.  Hence  it  became  necessary 
for  Congress  to  pass  a  second  Act  and  designate  who  were 
justly  entitled  to  share  in  the  award. 

The  second  Act,  passed  in  1817,  states:  "That  the  money 
authorized  to  be  paid  to  Joseph  Stewart  and  his  associates 
of  Dorchester  County,  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  or  to  their 
legal  representatives  by  an  Act,"  approved  in  1816,  "shall  be 
paid  to  the  following  persons,  their  legal  representatives  or 
agents,  viz:  The  said  Joseph  Stewart,  Moses  Navy,  John 
Bell,  Moses  Goeghegan,  Mathias  Travers,  Samuel  Travers, 
Henry  K.  Travers,  Hicks  North,  Thomas  Tolly,  Joseph 
Cator,  John  Willoby,  James  Hooper,  Hugh  Roberts,  John 
Tolly,    Moses   Simmons,   Robert   Travers,   John   Simmons, 


2SO  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Edward  Simmons,  William  Powers,  William  Geoghegan  (of 
James),  William  Geoghegan  (of  Moses),  Jeremiah  Spicer, 
Travers  Spicer,  Jeremiah  Travers,  William  Dove,  Thomas 
Woolen,  Samuel  Edmonson,  Henry  Corder,  Roger  Tregoe, 
Thomas  Arnold,  Samuel  Creighton,  Jeremiah  Creighton, 
Benjamin  Keene,  Thomas  LeCompte,  James  LeCompte, 
Fountain  LeCompte,  Elijah  Tall,  Charles  Woodland,  Wil- 
liam Barnes,  William  M.  Robinson,  Joseph  Saunders,  and 
Daniel  Wilson." 

Wm.  G.  LeCompte  was  a  soldier  in  this  war. 

BRITISH  AT  TOBACCO  STICK. 

In  1814  a  British  crew  on  a  tender  or  barge  from  one  of 
their  war  vessels  went  into  the  harbor  at  Tobacco  Stick  and 
burnt  Capt.  Thomas  Linthicum's  vessel  and  some  other 
vessels  nearby.  They  carried  Capt.  Linthicum  away  and  kept 
him  a  prisoner  about  Kent  or  Poplar  Islands  for  several 
months.  After  his  release,  then  half  clad  and  barefooted,  an 
object  of  pity  from  gjeat  privation  while  held  a  prisoner,  he 
walked  most  of  the  way  to  his  home  in  Dorchester  County. 

The  burning  of  these  vessels  and  the  capture  of  Capt. 
Linthicum  at  Tobacco  Stick  caused  so  much  excitement 
there  that  the  Home  Guards  constructed  barracks  on  the 
lot  near  George  Jones'  wind  mill  at  the  upper  end  of  the  town 
and  encamped  there  for  weeks  on  constant  guard  antici- 
pating another  attack  from  the  British. 

The  ladies  of  the  town  and  neighborhood  were  so  patriotic 
they  prepared  the  food  and  did  the  cooking  for  the  militia 
while  encamped  there. 

BRITISH   THREATEN   DORCHESTER, 

{From  American  and  Commercial  Daily  Advertiser. ) 

August  5,   1812. 

From  the  Merchants  CoflFee  House  Book. 
By  an  open  boat  from  Cambridge,  which  she  left  on  Wed- 
nesday  at   2    P.  M.,  information   is   received   of   the    light 
squadron  of  British  being  still  oflF  James'  Point  and  mouth 


BRITISH   THREATEN  DORCHESTER  2$! 

of  Choptank  River;  on  Tuesday  they  captured  7  sail  of  craft 
in  Choptank  River  with  a  barge  and  10  or  15  men  (the  brig 
in  sight),  4  of  which  they  burnt.  They  fired  several  shots  at 
a  vessel  on  the  stocks,  but  did  not  land,  i  or  2  pieces  of 
Artillery  having  been  sent  there  from  Cambridge.  Two 
schooners,  whose  maneuvering  has  rendered  them  very 
suspicious,  have  been  stretching  from  one  to  the  other 
shore  of  the  Bay  for  the  last  three  days;  one  of  them  has  been 
seen  as  high  as  Sandy  Point.  Last  evening,  they  were  hailed 
by  some  of  the  vessels  bound  down  but  gave  no  satisfactory 
answer.  Ten  or  twelve  vessels  bound  to  Choptank  put  into 
Annapolis  last  evening,  having  spoke  the  vessels. 

LATEST. 

By  another  boat  that  left  Choptank  last  night,  we  learn 
that  the  squadron  got  under  way  and  stood  down  the  Bay; 
late  in  the  evening  they  were  below  James'  Island.  They 
took  oflF  a  Mr.  Jones,  whose  vessel  had  grounded  in  coming 
out  of  the  Creek.  He  went  on  board  for  the  purpose  of 
having  her  restored,  by  ransom  or  otherwise,  but  they  paid 
no  attention  to  him,  set  her  on  fire  and  carried  him  off.  The 
artillery  from  Cambridge  did  not  reach  the  shore  until  they 
had  sailed. 

During  the  war  many  such  losses  occurred  that  financially 
ruined  the  owners  of  vessels  and  other  property.  Captain 
Evans,  who  Uved  on  Sandy  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  Nanticoke 
River,  started  out  one  dark  night  on  his  vessel  with  a  cargo 
for  Baltimore.  When  in  Hooper's  Straits  the  wind  ceased 
to  blow,  and  while  there  becalmed  a  crew  on  a  British  barge 
came  in.  Just  before  they  reached  the  vessel,  Captain  Evans 
and  his  crew  started  in  their  small  boat  for  the  shore  to 
avoid  capture,  but  soon  to  see  his  vessel  on  fire,  which  was 
entirely  consumed. 

The  English  methods  of  warfare  then  were  to  devastate 
by  fire  and  plunder  the  property  of  those  they  dare  not  slay 
with  the  sword  or  thrust  with  the  bayonet. 


252  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Capt.  Nathaniel  Applegarth's  company  of  militia  was  at 
Royal  Oak  in  Talbot  County  when  the  British  attempted 
to  capture  that  place.  The  large  force  of  militia  collected 
there  checked  the  advance  of  the  enemy  and  saved  the  little 
village. 

British  barges  several  times  entered  the  Nanticoke  River 
and  alarmed  the  people.  Captain  Craft's  company  was  then 
called  out  in  anticipation  of  an  attack  on  several  occasions. 

Below  is  given  a  partial  list  of  officers  who  served  in  the 
militia  infantry  regiments  of  Dorchester  County  during  the 
War  of  1812-1815.  They  were  appointed  by  the  Governor 
and  Council  of  Maryland  in  August,  1812: 

Levin  Walter,  Major;  Wm.  Jackson,  Jr.,  Surgeon;  Sam- 
uel Griffin,  Surgeon's  Mate,  Eleventh  Regiment,  Dorchester 
County. 

John  Willis,  Lieutenant;  Wm.  Medford,  Ensign,  in  Cap- 
tain Eccleston's  Company,  Eleventh  Regiment. 

William  Hayser,  Captain;  Samuel  Briely,  Jr.,  Lieutenant; 
Joseph  Whiteley,  Ensign,  in  A  Company,  Eleventh  Regi- 
ment. 

Wm.  B.  Smith,  Captain;  John  Lynch,  Lieutenant;  Gama- 
liel Banks,  Ensign,  in  the  same  Regiment. 

Minos  Adams,  Captain;  Solomon  Davis,  Lieutenant; 
Robert  Medford,  Ensign,  in  the  same  Regiment. 

John  Rowens,  Captain;  Arthur  Lowe,  Lieutenant;  David 
Andrew,  Ensign,  in  A  Company,  Eleventh  Regiment. 

Joseph  Elliott,  Lieutenant;  Richard  Pearcy,  Ensign,  in 
Captain  Craft's  Company,  same  Regiment. 

Abraham  Saunders,  Lieutenant,  in  Captain  Webbs'  Com- 
pany, same  Regiment. 

John  Vinson,  Ensign  of  Captain  Mills'  Company,  same 
Regiment. 

Wm.  Colston,  Captain;  Samuel  Williams,  Lieutenant, 
of  A  Company,  Forty-eighth  Regiment,  in  Dorchester 
County. 

The  following  is  a  brief  list  of  a  few  volunteers  who  served 


LIST  OF  VOLUNTEERS  253 

cither  in  active  line  of  duty  or  in  the  County  Militia  during 
the  War  of  1812-1815 : 

Wm.  G.  LeCompte. 

\Vm.  Pasterfield. 

Wm.  Windsor. 

William  Andrews,  of  Lakes  District,  "First  Lieutenant 
in  Forty-eighth  Regiment  (Jones),  Md.,"  Dorchester  County 
Militia. 

Nathaniel  Applegarth,  Captain  of  Dorchester  County 
Militia  Company. 

With  no  official  records  to  examine,  it  is  difficult  to  obtain 
the  names  of  many  of  the  soldiers  of  the  War  of  1812  from 
family  history. 


Education— Schools. 
CHAPTER  XXX. 

In  early  days  of  the  colony  of  Maryland,  some  of  the  chU- 
dren  of  the  few  wealthy  settlers  were  sent  to  England  to  be 
educated;  others  were  taught  at  home  by  indentured  servant 
teachers,  priests  and  rectors,  while  most  of  the  poorer  classes 
were  neglected  and  grew  up  utterly  illiterate. 

In  1723  an  Act  was  passed  for  establishing  a  public  school 
in  each  county,  and  a  Board  of  Visitors  was  appointed  in 
each  county  to  execute  this  law.  The  School  Board  in  Dor- 
chester was  Rev.  Thomas  Howell,  Col.  Roger  Woolford, 
Maj.  Henry  Ennalls,  Capt.  John  Rider,  Capt.  Henry  Hooper, 
Capt.  John  Hudson  and  Mr.  Govert  Lockerman.  Teachers 
for  these  schools  were  required  to  be  members  of  the  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  Church,  pious  (?)  and  capable  of  teaching 
well  grammar,  good  writing  and  mathematics,  for  a  salary 
of  £20  a  year,  with  free  privileges  of  a  dwelling  house 
and  firewood,  and  such  food  products  as  were  raised  on 
the  land  allotted  for  each  public  school.  Though  influ- 
ential men  were  in  charge  of  educational  matters,  yet  pro- 
gress was  slow,  shown  by  inquiry  made  by  the  Bishop  of 
London,  in  1724,  when  he  addressed  Rev.  Thomas  Howell, 
rector  of  Great  Choptank  Parish,  as  follows :  "Have  you,  in 
your  parish,  any  public  school  for  the  instruction  of  youth? 
If  you  have,  is  it  endowed,  and  who  is  the  master?"  The 
rector's  reply  was :  "There  is  in  my  parish  one  public  school, 
endowed  with  £20  Sterling  current  money,  which  is  about 
15  shillings  Sterling  yearly,  for  which  the  master  is  obliged 
to  teach  ten  charity  scholars.     The  master  is  Philep  Albeck." 

To  a  similar  inquiry  from  the  Bishop,  Rev.  Thomas 
Thompson,  rector  of  Dorchester  Parish,  replied :  "I  have  no 


•  ••  • 

•  •• 


•  ••  • 


"run  away  man"  255 

public  school  in  my  parish  for  the  instruction  of  youth  at 
present,  nor  any  prospect  of  there  being  one." 

The  first  public  free  school  in  the  province  was  King  Wil- 
liam's School,  built  at  Annapolis  in  1701 ;  the  Act  to  establish 
it  provided  for  seven  visitors  or  trustees  to  be  appointed  from 
each  county;  those  from  Dorchester  were  Rev.  Thomas 
Howell,  rector  of  Great  Choptank  Parish,  Col.  Roger  Wool- 
ford,  Maj.  Henry  Ennalls,  John  Rider,  Capt.  Henry  Hooper, 
Capt.  John  Hudson  and  Govert  Lockerman. 

In  1753  the  Council  issued  an  order  that  schoolmasters 
must  be  licensed,  and  that  teachers  of  all  public  and  private 
schools  must  take  the  test  oaths.  Many  Catholics  refused 
to  take  the  oaths  and  closed  their  schools. 

The  following  advertisements  in  the  Maryland  Gazette  of 
February  17,  1774,  show  what  class  of  people  were  employed 
in  some  places  as  school  teachers: 

"To  be  Sold — ^A  schoolmaster,  an  indentured  servant  that 
has  got  two  years  to  serve. 

"N.  B. — He  is  sold  for  no  fault  any  more  than  we  are  done 
with  him.  He  can  learn  book-keeping,  and  is  an  excellent 
good  Scholar." 

"RUN  AWAY  MAN." 

Dorchester  County,  January  14,  1771. 

Ran  away  from  the  subscribers,  a  servant  man,  named 
William  Henry  Bawden,  he  is  a  slim  made  man  about  24 
years  of  age  and  has  followed  the  Occupation  of  a  school 
master.  Had  on  when  he  went  away,  a  blue  Coat,  country 
made  Jacket  with  Lappells,  Snuff  colored  Velvet  Breeches, 
and  wears  his  own  Hair  which  is  black  and  straight :  It  is 
supposed  he  took  a  small  bay  Mare  away  with  him,  the  Mare 
has  two  white  Feet,  and  her  mane  hangs  on  the  rising  side; 
there  was  a  good  Saddle  on  the  Mare,  and  a  Pair  of  blue 
Housing  Bands  with  Leather  and  Surcingle  to  the  Saddle. 

Whoever  takes  up  the  Man  and  Mare,  and  secures  them, 
so  as  the  Owners  shall  get  them  again,  shall  have  Five 


256  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUXTY 

Pounds  paid  them  if  taken  out  of  the  County,  and  if  taken 
in  the  County,  Satisfaction  for  their  Trouble,  Paid  by  the 
Subscribers. 

WixLocK  RussrM, 
Jeremiah  Carter. 

X.  B. — ^The  above  Ser\'ant  was  bom  in  England,  he  is  a 
great  talker  and  loves  gaming. 

The  first  public  school  law  for  the  State  was  passed  in 
1826. 

Funds  were  raised  to  support  the  schools  by  lottery  g^nts. 
The  first  school  fund  raised  by  taxation  was  a  tax  laid  on 
bank  stock,  of  twenty  cents  on  every  $100  of  stock. 

In  1864  Rev.  Dr.  Libertus  Van  Bokkelin  framed  a  public 
school  law  for  the  State.  Under  this  law,  in  1865,  he  was 
appointed  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

The  Board  of  School  Commissioners  and  Examiners  first 
appointed  in  Dorchester  County  under  this  Act  was  Dr.  E. 
F.  Smithers,  President:  Travers  Spicer,  John  E.  Graham, 
John  G.  Robinson  and  Robert  F.  Thompson,  Commissioners 
(Thompson,  Secretary  and  Treasurer).  There  were  then  but 
forty-nine  school-houses  in  the  county  and  1000  pupils 
enrolled  and  taught  by  twenty-nine  male  and  sixteen  female 
teachers. 

In  1867  this  school  law  was  repealed,  and,  under  a  new  law, 
another  Board  of  School  Commissioners  was  appointed,  viz : 
Dr.  James  L.  Bryan,  who  was  elected  President,  February  6, 
1867,  Daniel  J.  Waddell,  John  G.  Robinson,  John  E.  Graham, 
Travers  Spicer  and  Joseph  E.  Muse,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

On  April  i,  1868,  Dr.  James  L.  Bryan  was  elected  Secre- 
tary, Treasurer  and  Examiner  of  the  Board,  an  office  to 
which  he  was  successively  reelected  biannually,  and  which 
he  held  continuously  until  January  30,  1898,  a  period  of 
almost  thirty  years.  His  collegiate  education,  military  train- 
ing and  service  in  the  Mexican  War  eminently  qualified  him 
to  organize  and  superintend  the  public  schools  in  the  county, 
and  to  this  great  work  he  devoted  his  time  and  talents.     He 


PUBLIC   INSTRUCTION  257 

succeeded  in  more  than  doubling  the  number  of  schools  and 
teachers  and  in  raising  them  to  a  plane  of  excellence  equal  to 
any  others  in  the  State. 

The  Doctor's  successor  in  the  office  of  Secretary,  Treasurer 
and  Examiner  was  Josiah  L.  Kerr,  who  well  filled  the  posi- 
tion until  August  7,  1900,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  W.  P. 
Beckwith,  the  present  incumbent,  who  is  ably  discharging 
his  responsible  duties. 

Much  credit  is  due  the  members  of  the  several  school 
boards  who  have  managed  public  school  affairs  and  school 
finances  in  Dorchester  for  the  last  thirty-five  years  with  gen- 
eral satisfaction  to  taxpayers  and  patrons.  Many  citizens 
to-day,  who  began  within  that  period  to  assume  the  active 
duties  that  belong  to  mature  life,  highly  appreciate  the  edu- 
cational advantages  they  had  under  the  benevolent  control 
of  public  school  officials. 

In  the  Appendix  are  the  name^  of  the  several  Boards  of 
School  Commissioners  of  Dorchester  County  as  far  as  obtain- 
able. 


» 


Federal  and  Confederate  Soldiers  from  Dorchester  County 

in  Civil  War,  1861-1865. 

CHAPTER  XXXI. 

FEDERAL  SOLDIERS. 

The  great  rebellion  of  the  southern  part  of  the  United 
States  that  began  in.  1861,  was  not  the  outbreak  of  an  op- 
pressed people  under  a  tyrannical  government — a  cause  that 
leads  to  justifiable  revolutions — ^but,  while  in  possession  of 
the  legislative  and  judicial  branches  of  the  government  in 
control  of  its  naval  and  military  power,  that  section  of  the 
country  voluntarily  surrendered  all  its  governmental  juris- 
diction at  Washington  in  the  height  of  political  excitement 
over  the  loss  of  the  executive  branch  of  the  government. 
They  claimed  to  be  apprehensive  of  future  interference  of 
their  property  rights  by  the  minority  i>arty  then  only  in 
executive  control,  and  decided  to  try  to  dissolve  the  Federal 
Union  by  the  revolutionary  method  of  secession. 

While  Maryland  was  by  common  interests  and  location 
attached  to  the  South,  yet  many  of  her  people  so  loyally 
loved  their  country  they  could  not  submit  to  its  dissolution. 
Hence,  many  Marylanders  entered  the  Federal  Army  as 
volunteers  to  defend  and  protect  the  "Union." 

The  First  Eastern  Shore  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Maryland 
Volunteers,  was  organized  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  in  September, 
1 86 1.     James  Wallace  was  elected  Colonel. 

Of  this  regiment.  Companies  A,  B  and  C  were  recruited 
in  Dorchester  County.  Company  A  was  mustered  out  of 
service  August  16,  1862,  by  orders  from  the  War  Depart- 
ment, they  having  refused  to  leave  the  Eastern  Shore  to  do 
military  duty  in  Virginia. 


CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS  259 

This  regiment,  including  Companies  D,  E,  F  and  G 
from  Caroline  County,  Company  H  from  Talbot  County, 
Company  I  from  Baltimore  City,  and  Company  K  from 
Somerset  County,  were  detailed  for  g^ard  duty  along  the 
coast  lines  of  the  Elastern  Shore  of  Virginia  and  Maryland 
to  prevent  blockade^runners  from  carrying  contraband  goods 
South, 

When  General  R.  E.  Lee  invaded  Maryland  with  his  army, 
the  First  Eastern  Shore  Regiment  asked  to  be  sent  to  join 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  the  front.  They  were  sent  to  Bal- 
timore, and  from  there  marched  with  General  Lockwood's 
Brigade  to  Gettysburg,  which  they  reached  on  the  morning 
of  July  3,  1863,  and  immediately  joined  the  Twelfth  Army 
Corps  on  Gulp's  Hill;  went  actively  into  battle  and  won  a 
record  of  splendid  service.  With  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
they  pursued  the  retreating  Confederates  to  the  Potomac 
River,  assisting  in  the  capture  of  prisoners  and  munitions  of 
war. 

After  a  brief  duty  on  the  upper  Potomac,  the  First  Eastern 
Shore  Regiment  was  ordered  back  to  the  Eastern  Shore, 
where  it  performed  g^ard  duty  until  its  partial  consolidation 
with  the  Eleventh  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Maryland  Volun- 
teers, and  final  discharge  of  others  by  the  expiration  of  term 
of  enlistment.  (For  Roster  of  Dorchester  Companies,  see 
Appendix.) 

CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS. 

In  1861  and  1862,  after  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War, 
which  divided  pmblic  opinion  and  sympathy  on  the  great 
national  questions  of  **States  Rights"  and  negro  slavery,  a 
number  of  young  men  from  Dorchester  County  of  courage 
and  with  strong  feelings  for  "Southern  Rights,"  decided  to 
go  "South"  and  enter  the  Southern  Army  at  the  risk  or 
sacrifice  of  their  lives  in  defence  of  the  principles  they  con- 
scientiously entertained.  It  is  the  purpose  here  to  give  some 
of  their  names  and  rank  in  the  Confederate  service,  with 


26o  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

the  sad  fate  or  good  fortune  that  each  met  as  a  soldier  in 
whatever  branch  of  the  military  or  naval  service  they  enlisted. 
Following  is  a  list  of  only  a  small  part  of  those  who  went 
South  during  the  Civil  War  from  the  county : 

George  Lankford,  Linkwood,  Md.,  private,  Compwuiy  G, 
Second  Maryland  Infantry. 

McCready,  private,  Company  F,  Second  Maryland 

Infantry. 

McCready,  Vienna,  Md.,  private.  Company  F,  Second 

Maryland  Infantry. 

J.  P.  Finstwait,  Federalsburg,  Md.,  private,  Company  G, 
Second  Maryland  Infantry.  Wounded  and  died  on  battle- 
field, near  Gulp's  Hill,  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  3,  1863. 

William  Laird,  Second  Maryland  Infantry. 

Winder  Laird,  Adjutant,  Second  Maryland  Infantry, 
Killed  in  Battle  on  Weldon  Railroad. 

George  Manning,  Drawbridge,  Md.,  Sergeant,  Com-pany 
G,  Second  Maryland  Infantry.  Returned  home  after  the 
close  of  the  war. 

Willis  V.  Brannock,  Church  Creek,  Md.,  Corporal,  Com- 
pany A,  Second  Maryland  Infantry.     Returned  home. 

William  Brannock,  Townpoint,  Md.,  private,  Company  G, 
Second  Maryland  Infantry. 

Washington  Vickers,  East  New  Market,  Md.,  jwivate, 
Company  G,  Second  Maryland  Infantry.  Returned  home. 
Detailed  to  Life  Saving  Station. 

James  L.  Woolford,  Milton,  Md.,  private,  Company  G, 
Second  Maryland  Infantry.     Returned  home. 

George  Twilley,  Salem,  Md.,  private.  Company  G,  Second 
Maryland  Infantry.     Returned  home. 

Benjamin  Twilley,  Hartford,  Conn.,  private,  Company  G, 
Second  Maryland  Infantry.     Returned  home. 

William  H.  Bryan,  Madison,  Md.,  Company  G,  Second 
Maryland  Infantry.     Returned  home. 

George  A.  Smith,  Vienna,  Md.,  private,  Corporal,  Sar- 


CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS  261 

geant,  Fourth  Maryland  Battery.     Served  throughout  the 
war;  returned  home. 

John  Green,  Fourth  Maryland  Battery. 

Thomas  Canfield,  private,  Fourth  Maryland  Battery. 
Died  in  service. 

John  Tregoe,  Madison,  Md.,  private,  Chesapeake  Battery. 
Returned  home. 

Jahn  Mowbray,  Cambridge,  Md.,  private,  Chesapeake  Bat- 
tery.    Returned  home. 

Frank  Stewart,  Battle  Mountain,  Nev.,  private,  Chesa- 
peake Battery.     Returned  home. 

Daniel  Lloyd,  Cambridge,  Md.,  private,  Chesapeake  Bat- 
tery.    Returned  home. 

Travers  Davis,  Taylor's  Island,  Md.,  private.  Ninth  Vir- 
ginia Cavalry.     Returned  home. 

Charles  Tubman,  Church  Creek,  Md.,  private,  Artillery 
Service.     Returned  home. 

Samuel  N.  Breerwood,  private.     Returned  home. 

Martin  Tull,  Dorchester  County,  private.  Detailed  Service. 
Returned  home. 

F.  C.  Hackett,  private. 

Luke  Hackett,  private,  detailed  to  Commissary  Depart- 
ment.    Died  in  Chimborazo  Hospital  in  1863. 

Frank  H.  Jones,  from  Williamsburg,  Md.,  went  to  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  in  November,  1862.  He  volunteered  in  the  Con- 
federate service,  was  wounded  at  Fredericksburg  by  a  frag- 
ment of  a  shell  in  December,  1862,  which  kept  him  in  a 
hospital  several  months.  He  then  was  detailed  clerk  in  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  at  Hanover  C.  H.  In  1863 
he  was  sent  to  Richmond  for  telegraph  duties,  and  was 
severely  exposed  in  that  line  of  volunteer  service  in  numer- 
ous engagements,  and  along  advanced  picket  lines.  In 
1864  he  reenlisted  and  recruited  the  Second  Regiment  of 
Alabama  and  Tennessee  Border  Rangers,  of  which  he  was 
elected  Colonel  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war  in 
Gen.  B.  Hill's  brigade.     After  the  surrender  of  General  Lee's 


262  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Army,  Colonel  Jones  remained  in  the  South  until  1880  and 
then  returned  home  to  Dorchester  County,  Md. 

Dr.  Thomas  H.  Williams,  from  Cambridge,  Md.,  entered 
the  Confederate  service  as  Surgeon.  For  his  excellent  ser- 
vice and  professional  skill,  he  was  promoted  to  Assistant  Sur- 
geon-General of  the  C.  S.  A.,  where  he  served  until  the 
close  of  the  War,  when  he  returned  to  Cambridge  to  prac- 
tice his  profession  and  where  he  also  engaged  in  the  "drug^' 
business. 

J.  McKenney  White  left  Cambridge  early  in  July,  1861, 
with  a  party  including  Winder  Laird,  Lake  Scleigh,  William 
Laird,  John  Phillips,  Elias  Griswold  and  a  large  man  they 
called  "Jtif  Davis,"  all  of  whom  joined  Wm.  H.  Murray's 
Company  H,  First  Md.  Reg't,  except  Griswold,  who  was 
ai>pointed  Provost  Marshal  of  Richmond.  This  company 
had  been  mustered  into  service  June  18  as  one  year  volun- 
teers and  not  being  liable  for  long;er  service,  was  mustered 
out  of  service  at  Staunton  on  June  18,  1862,  after  having 
been  in  numerous  fights,  first  at  Manassas,  where  their  Col- 
onel Arnold  Elzey  was  promoted  on  the  field.  Kirby  Smith's 
brigade,  consisting  of  the  ist  Md.,  loth  and  13th  Va.,  and 
3d  Tenn.  of  Joe  Johnson's  Army,  broke  the  Federal  Army 
lines  by  their  charge  in  this  fight. 

This  regiment  then  went  through  Stonewall  Jackson's 
Valley  Campaign,  in  which  it  bore  a  most  conspicuous  part. 
(See  official  orders  of  Jackson  and  Ewell.) 

Mr.  White  was  so  severely  wounded  at  Cross  Keys,  June 
8,  1862  (one  of  the  closing  battles  of  the  campaign),  that 
he  was  disabled  for  active  service  in  the  field  until  the  spring 
of  1864.  During  the  time  of  his  disability  for  active  service 
he  was  an  assistant  and  passport  clerk  to  Major  Griswold, 
Provost  Marshal  of  Richmond.  The  trouble  from  his 
wounds  so  increased  that  he  was  transferred  to  the  Second 
Auditor's  office  in  the  Confederate  Treasury  Department. 
While  there,  General  Grant's  Army  crossed  the  Rapidan. 
Mr.  White  resigned  his  position  and  rejoined  the  Army  as 
private  with  Murray's  Company  A,  2d  Md.  Infantry,  and 
with  this  regiment  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  War. 


CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS  263 

He  was  again  wounded  in  the  charge  of  the  2d  Md.  Reg't 
at  Cold  Harbor,  where  that  regiment  won  imperishable 
honors  for  heroic  bravery.  (See  Lee's  and  Breckinridge's 
official  reports.)  Then  he  went  through  the  arduous  and 
trying  campaign  around  Petersburg  and  was  in  the  midst 
of  the  desperate  fighting  at  the  Weldon  Railroad,  Hatcher's 
Run,  and  at  all  points  wherever  the  2d  Md.  could  be  placed 
to  confront  the  Federal  Army. 

After  the  close  of  the  War,  Mr.  White  returned  to  Mary- 
land and  is  now  one  of  Baltimore's  prominent  and  prosi>er- 
ous  business  men. 

A.  Hamilton  Bayly,  Cambridge,  Md.,  entered  the  Confed- 
erate Army  and  joined  Pejrton's  Battery,  in  which  he  was 
Sergeant.  No  details  of  service  are  given.  He  returned 
to  Czmhridgfi,  where  he  now  lives,  actively  engaged  in 
business. 


Dorchester  County  from  Another  Point  of  View. 

CHAPTER  XXXII. 

In  the  heart  of  the  Eastern  Shore  h'es  fair  Dorchesterland, 
an  expanse  of  gentle  undulations,  in  the  upper  section  here 
and  there  crowned  with  diminutive  hills  and  broad  fields,  in 
season  full  of  white,  gold  and  amber-colored  grain,  sweet- 
blossomed  clover  and  varied  orchards  laden  with  ripe  and 
luscious  fruits,  and  intervening  woodlands  of  stately  oak  and 
evergreen  pine,  that  lend  reflection  to  the  attractive  view  of 
the  receding  plain;  the  low  southlands  that  level  and  stretch 
away  with  the  downward  course  of  the  county  rivers  as  they 
go  out  to  meet  the  Bay.  On  this  charming  landscape  live  a 
thrifty,  happy,  courteous  and  kind  people,  the  descendants 
of  a  noble  ancestry,  chiefly  English,  with  a  slight  sprinkling 
of  Irish,  Welsh  and  Scottish  blood,  a  racial  combination  that 
has  given  the  English  some  wit,  tempered  Irish  impatience 
and  modernized  Welsh  and  Scottish  irony. 

What  our  ancestry  was  heredity  has  largely  made  us,  a 
typical  people,  whose  lot  in  life  has  been  so  favorably  cast  in 
the  midst  of  a  peninsular  garden,  overflowing  with  Nature's 
bounties,  graphically  described  by  Calvin  Dill  Wilson  in  Lip- 
pincotfs  Magazine  of  January,  1898.  In  part  he  says :  "It  is 
a  famous  region.  Its  local  name  is  known  to  most  of  the 
intelligent  citizens  of  the  United  States.  *  *  *  Jt  has 
greatness  of  its  own  and  has  claims  upon  attention.  Its 
situation  is  interesting;  its  population  has  a  marked  char- 
acter; its  products  are  valuable  and  are  in  demand  every- 
where in  this  land  and  in  many  places  outside  of  America, 
and  its  fame  great  because  of  the  sensations  it  provides  for 
the  palates  of  men.  The  Eastern  Shore  lies  like  an  arm 
thrust  up  by  the  ocean  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  Chesa- 


A  PENINSULAR  GARDEN  265 

peake  Bay;  around  it  break  the  surge  and  thunder  of  the 
sea  and  ocean's  breezes  sweep  peri>etually  over  it.  *  *  * 
It  is  a  garden  and  an  orchard.  Nature  seemed  unkind  when 
she  strewed  this  sand  upon  clay  without  stones;  but  she 
repented,  clothed  it  all  in  verdure,  made  it  yield  almost  every 
fruit,  vegetable  and  berry  in  profusion  and  of  finest  quality, 
filled  even  the  swamps  with  cypress,  cedar  and  pine,  stored 
the  streams  with  fishes,  filled  the  waters  along  the  coasts 
with  shell  fish,  *  *  *  sent  flocks  of  birds  into  fields  and 
woods,  and  flights  of  wild  fowl  upon  all  the  waters." 


Historical  Notes. 

CHAPTER  XXXni. 

DEMOLISHED  CHAPEL. 

The  chapel  built  in  St.  Mary — Whitechapel  Parish — ^by 
authority  of  an  Act  of  Assembly,  passed  July  4,  1755,  was 
used  for  church  service  until  the  Revolution  in  1776,  when  it 
seems  to  have  been  abandoned  by  rector  and  vestry.  After 
standing  unused  for  many  years,  about  1812,  the  neighbors 
decided  to  tear  it  down  and  divide  the  old  material  among 
themselves.  Benjamin  Nichols  and  Henry  Nichols,  his 
brother,  assisted  in  its  demolition,  and  got  some  of  the  bricks 
for  their  share  which  are  in  the  kitchen  chimney  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  Jasper  Nicols,  near  Hynson.  The  lot  where 
the  chapel  stood  is  in  part  an  old  graveyard,  in  which  is  a 
broken  marble  slab,  on  which  is  the  memorial  inscription  of 
Thomas  Haskins.  The  farmer's  plow  has  not  invaded  all 
of  this  lot,  which  has  been  known  for  the  last  hundred  years 
as  the  "Church  Old-field." 

RELIEF  OF  POOR. 

In  1785  an  Act  was  passed  to  provide  for  the  building  of 
alms  and  workhouses.  The  trustees  of  the  poor  at  this  time 
in  Dorchester  County  were  Henry  Hooper,  Robert  Harri- 
son, Joseph  Ennalls,  Joseph  Daffin,  Nathaniel  Manning, 
James  Steele  and  Robert  Griffith.  The  penalty  for  refusing 
to  serve  as  trustee  was  ten  pounds  of  current  money. 

The  poor  were  compelled  to  work  if  able.  Those  who 
received  alms  had  to  wear  a  badge  of  letters  "P.  D."  cut  from 
red  or  blue  cloth  uix>n  the  shoulders  of  the  right  sleeve.  The 
penalty  for  disobeying  this  regulation  was  abridging  or  with- 


DATES  OF  LOCAL  EVENTS  267 

drawing  the  usual  allowance  or  a  whipping  of  not  more  than 
ten  lashes  or  hard  labor  for  not  more  than  twenty  days. 

The  people  were  unable  to  pay  the  taxes  for  the  support 
of  these  buildings  and,  in  1788,  the  trustees  were  empowered 
to  make  use  of  all  free  school  property  for  that  purpose.  In 
1793  a  law  was  passed  that  poor  dependent  children,  **under 
the  ages  of  three  years,  should  be  put  out  in  the  neighbor- 
hood at  the  most  favorable  terms  to  be  obtained  to  be  nursed 
and  supported." 


it 


HUE  AND  CRY." 


Dorchester  County  Justices,  as  in  other  counties  of  Mary- 
land in  colonial  days,  were  required  to  appoint  constables  for 
every  hundred  in  the  county  once  every  year,  who  swore  on 
taking  office  to  "levy  hue  and  cry,"  and  cause  refractory 
criminals  to  be  taken. 

The  hue  and  cry  method  of  looking  for  crimi;ials  was  a 
custom  in  remote  Anglo-Saxon  time,  when  all  the  popula- 
tion went  to  hunt  the  thief. 


DATES  OF  LOCAL  EVENTS. 

Cambridge  Academy  was  incorporated  in  18 12. 

An  Act  authorizing  a  lottery  to  raise  a  sum  of  money  for 
building  a  wharf  at  Cambridge  was  passed  in  1809. 

In  the  year  1793  the  Town  Commissioners  of  Cambridge 
were  authorized  to  establish  and  regulate  a  market  there. 

An  Act  to  open  a  public  road  from  Federalsburg  to 
Crotcher's  Ferry  was  passed  the  same  year. 

Wild  deer  living  in  the  forests  of  Dorchester  County  in 
1799  were  i>ermitted  to  be  killed  by  hunters  from  September 
5  to  December  15  annually.  A  fine  of  $30  imposed  on 
white  men  and  thirty-nine  lashes  inflicted  on  slaves  were  the 
penalties  for  killing  each  deer  during  the  exempt  period. 

A  public  road  was  opened  from  Hunting  Creek  to  Dover, 
in  Talbot  County,  in  1765. 


268  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

A  COINCIDENCE. 

In  1775  the  Dorchester  Delegates  to  the  Convention  or 
General  Assembly  at  Annapolis  were  composed  of  Cai>t. 
Henry  Travers,  Col.  Henry  Hooper,  and  James  Sulivane, 
Esqrs.  The  first  was  the  great-g^ndfather  of  Samuel  M. 
Travers.  The  second  was  the  g^eat-grandfather  of  Mrs. 
Mary  E.  Hooper,  nee  LeCompte,  mother  of  Jeremiah  P. 
Hooper.  The  third  was  the  g^eat-grandfather  of  Col.  Qem»- 
ent  Sulivane,  who,  with  Capt.  Samuel  M.  Travers,  in  later 
years  represented  Dorchester  County  in  the  Legislature  of 
Maryland. 

POPULATION  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

CENSUS  OF  1900. 

Dorchester  County,  27,962.  District  i.  Fork,  1850;  Dis- 
trict 2,  East  New  Market,  including  East  New  Market  town, 
2398;  District  3,  Vienna,  1522;  District  4,  Parsons  Creek, 
946;  District  5,  Lakes,  1740;  District  6,  Hooper  Island,  1298; 
District  7,  Cambridge,  including  Cambridge  town,  7346;  Dis- 
trict 8,  Neck,  1350;  District  9,  Church  Creek,  1159;  District 
10,  Straits,  2120;  District  11,  Drawbridge,  1082;  District  12, 
Williamsburg,  699;  District  13,  Bucktown;  1024;  District  14, 
Linkwood,  12 19;  District  15,  Hurlock,  1379;  District  16, 
Madison,  830. 

The  density  of  population  averages  46  to  the  square  mile. 
Only  four  other  counties  in  the  State,  Calvert,  Garrett, 
Charles  and  Worcester,  have  less  than  fifty  to  the  square 
mile. 


DIVISION  III. 

Family  History,  Genealogy  and  Biography. 

CHAPTER  I. 
INTRODUCTORY. 

If  this  volume  could  contain  sketches  of  all  the  leading 
families  in  Dorchester  County,  and  printer's  ink  was  free 
for  publishing  them,  the  author  would  cheerfully  devote  days 
and  months  to  make  honorable  mention  of  the  names  of 
hundreds  of  excellent  citizens  whose  social  influence  and 
business  pursuits  have  largely  developed  the  wealth  and  fame 
that  belongs  to  the  county.  In  the  selections  made  for  pub- 
lication, neither  wealth,  name  nor  fame  has  influenced  the 
choice,  but  the  jurist  and  statesman,  politician  and  "divine," 
have  been  placed  on  the  same  plane  with  their  constituents 
and  i>eople  they  served  by  permission,  whose  course  of  con- 
duct and  vocations  in  life  have  built  strong  our  institutions 
of  State. 

While  much  has  been  duly  said  about  soldiers  and  civil  offi- 
cers that  give  them  prominent  reference  in  this  history,  yet 
they  were  only  a  small  fraction  of  the  good  and  great  peo- 
ple of  Dorchester  County.  The  noblest  heroes  that  the 
Creator  ever  made  are  the  dutiful,  toiling  masses.  To  this 
class  of  our  ancestry,  fathers  and  mothers,  sons  and  daugh- 
ters, of  the  industrial  fields  of  manual  labor,  the  county  owes 
its  true  worth  and  financial  greatness.  Many  of  our  grand 
and  great-gjandparents  were  born  in  humble  homes,  lived 
without  honorable  mention,  labored  without  public  notice 
or  praise,  died  with  an  untold  history,  and  now  rest  in  long- 


270  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

agoforgotten  graves.     To  them  we  owe  a  great  share  of 
gratitude  for  our  present  surroundings  and  happiness. 


THE  AIREY  FAMILY. 

Rev.  Thomas  Airey  was  bom  at  Kendal,  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, in  1701.  He  came  to  the  Province  of  Maryland  in 
1726,  was  inducted  into  the  office  of  Priest  of  Great  Chop- 
tank  Parish,  of  Dorchester  County,  in  1728,  by  letter  from 
the  Lord  Proprietary,  Charles  Calvert,  Governor  of  Mary- 
land. 

Rev.  Thomas  Airey  was  the  second  Rector  of  Christ 
Church,  Cambridge.  He  married,  first,  Elizabeth  Pitt 
Children  by  the  first  wife  were : 

1.  Mary,  who  married  Thomas  Martin,  of  Talbot  Caunty 
in  1772. 

2.  Elizabeth,  married  Geo.  Gale,  of  Somerset  County. 
Left  issue. 

3.  Sarah,  married  Capt.  William  Haskins,  of  Dorches- 
ter County,  in  1759.     Left  issue. 

4.  Frances,  married  Thos.  Ennalls. 

5.  Anne,  no  record. 

6.  Joseph,  no  record. 

7.  Leah,  married  Andrew  Skinner  Ennalls,  son  of  Thomas 
and  Ann  Skinner,  his  wife. 

8.  John,  married  Elizabeth  Edmondson. 

9.  Louisa,  married  Robert  Gilmore,  of  Baltimore,  Md. 
The  second  wife  of  Rev.  Thomas  Airey  was  Milcah,  widow 

of  John  Gale,  of  Somerset  County,  and  daughter  of  Henry 
Hill  and  his  wife,  Mary  Denwood. 

The  children  of  Rev.  Thos.  Airey  and  his  second  wife  were : 

1.  Thos.  Hill  Airey,  married  Mary  Harris,  of  Queen 
Anne's  County,  daughter  of  Thomas  Harris  and  his  wife, 
who  was  a  Miss  Edmondson. 

2.  Milcah,  married,  i,  Robert  Pitt,  of  Virginia;  2,  Thos. 
Firmin  Eccleston  in  1782;  3,  Thomas  Martin,  of  Talbot 
County,  in  1788. 


THE  ANDERSONS— COL.   E.   E.   BRALY  2^1 

Robert  and  Milcah  Pitt  left  one  son,  Samuel  Wilson  Pitt, 
who  married  Mary  Scott  in  1793.     Their  children  were : 

1.  Robins,  no  record. 

2.  Charles,  married  Rosanna  Colston. 

3.  Matilda,  married  George  Winthrop. 

4.  Eliza,  married  Wm.  Hooper. 

The  children  of  Milcah  Pitt,  nee  Airey,  and  Thos.  Firmin 
Eccleston,  were: 

1.  Leah,  married  Covert  Haskins. 

2.  Thos.  I.  H.,  married  Sarah  Ennalls  Hooper. 

The  Airey  family  left  many  descendants,  some  of  whom 
are  still  surviving  in  numerous  family  lines.  Harry  Gilmore 
of  C.  S.  A.  fame,  descended  from  Louisa  Airey. 

» 

WILLIAM  C  ANDERSON  AND  HIS  ANCESTRY. 

The  maternal  grandfather  of  Wm.  C.  Anderson  was  Dr. 
Edward  White,  of  Cambridge,  Md.  Curtis  Anderson  mar- 
ried Mary  White,  daughter  of  Dr.  Edward  White  and  Mary 

,  his  wife.     They  had  one  surviving  son,  Thos.   W. 

Anderson,  who  was  baptized  a  Methodist  in  infancy  by 
Bishop  Francis  Asbury  in  18 14.  Thos.  W.  Anderson  was,  in 
early  childhood,  left  an  orphan,  and  was  raised  by  Thomas 
White,  son  of  Dr.  Edward  White.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth K.  Eccleston,  daughter  of  James  Eccleston. 

William  C.  Anderson,  son  of  Thos.  W.  Anderson,  and 
Elizabeth  K.  (Eccleston),  his  wife,  now  reside  in  Cambridge. 
He  is  clerk  to  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  being 
appointed  in  October,  1894. 

COL.    E.    E.    BRALY. 

Col.  E.  E.  Braly,  proprietor  of  Hotel  Dixon,  in  Cam- 
bridge, Md.,  came  from  the  Rigg's  House  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  opened  a  hotel  in  Cambridge  in  1887.  His  affa- 
ble manners  and  excellent  management  have  attracted  pub- 
lic patronage  that  has  made  his  business  both  profitable  and 
progressive. 


272  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

His  qualifications  and  characteristics  of  the  true  type  of 
a  gentleman  were  inherited  from  an  English-German  ances- 
try. 

Up-to-date  business  men,  like  the  Colonel,  are  making 
Cambridge  a  model  city  of  modern  conveniences. 

THE  BROOKE  FAMILY. 

(Genealogical  Notes,  Dr.  Christopher  Johnson,) 

Michael  Brooke  enters  his  demand  for  rights  24th  June 
1654,  for  himself,  his  wife  and  two  servants  (Land  Office, 
Lib.  ABH,  fol.  380).  5th  April,  1662,  he  enters  rights  for 
400  acres  given  him  "by  way  of  gift  from  the  Governor  and 
Council"  for  public  service  done  (Land  Office,  Lib.  5,  fol. 
59).  He  was  Justice  of  Calvert  County,  1655  (Md.  Archives, 
X,  413),  and  1658  (Lib.  S,  fol.  54).  He  was  one  of  the 
Provincial  Commissioners  of  Maryland,  1655-56  (Md. 
Archives,  iii,  317,  320).  He  represented  Calvert  County  in 
the  General  Assembly  or  House  of  Burgesses,  1657-1660 
(Md.  Archives,  i,  359,  382;  Lib.  S,  fol.  26).  loth  February, 
1663-64,  Francis  Brooke,  relict  of  Michael  Brooke,  of  St. 
Leonard's  Creek,  Calvert  County,  was  granted  administra- 
tion in  the  estate  of  the  said  Michael  (Lib.  BB,  fol.  190). 
His  widow,  Frances,  subsequently  married  Henry  Trippe, 
of  Dorchester  County,  who,  in  1665,  demands,  as  her  hus- 
band, the  renewal  of  a  warrant  for  land  which  had  formerly 
issued  to  Michael  Brooke  (Land  Office,  Lib.  9,  fol.  26). 
Michael  Brooke  and  Frances,  his  wife,  had  issue;  one  son: 

I.  Dr.  John  Brooke,  of  whom  further. 

Dr.  John  Brooke,  son  of  Michael  and  Frances,  lived  at 
first  in  Calvert  County.  6th  February,  1667,  John  Brooke, 
of  Calvert  County,  Chirurgeon,  heir  apparent  to  Michael 
Brooke,  deceased,  acknowledges  to  have  received  of  Henry 
Trippe  full  satisfaction  for  two-thirds  of  the  estate  of  said 
Michael  as  per  inventory  (Lib.  FF,  fol.  553).     He  removed 


THE  BRCX)KES  273 

later  to  Dorchester  County,  i>erhaps  in  consequence  of  his 
mother's  second  marriage,  and  there  took  prominent  part 
in  public  affairs.  He  was  Justice  of  Dorchester  in  1671, 
1676,  1680  and  1689  (Lib.  CD,  fol.  431;  Md.  Archives,  xiii, 
244;  XV,  131,  326),  and  represented  the  county  in  the  House 
of  Burgesses,  1681-84,  1688  and  1692  (Md.  Archives,  vii, 
227,  341,  457;  xiii,  20,  153,  253). 

Dr.  John  Brooke  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  whom 
he  married  in  Calvert  County,  was  Katherine,  widow  of 
Robert  Stevens.  14th  April,  1669,  a  scire  facias  issued  to 
the  Sheriff  of  Calvert  County,  at  the  prosecution  of  Daniel 
Jenifer  and  Mary,  his  wife,  executrix  of  William  Smith, 
deceased,  against  John  Brooke  and  Katherine,  his  wife, 
late  Katherine  Stevens,  administratrix  of  Robert  Stevens 
(Lib.  CD,  fol.  403).  His  second  wife,  who  survived  him,  was 
named  Judith.  Dr.  John  Brooke  and  his  second  wife,  Judith, 
both  died  in  1693.  It  is  difficult  to  determine  from  the 
wills  what  issue  he  had,  but  it  is  clear  that  he  had,  with  other 
issue,  two  daughters,  both  by  the  first  wife,  viz : 

1.  Anne  Brooke,  miarried,  i,  Thomas  Cooke;  2,  John 
Stevens. 

2.  Mary  Brooke,  married  Joseph  Ennalls. 

Anne  Brooke,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  and  Katherine,  his 
first  wife,  married,  first,  Thomas  Cooke,  of  Dorchester 
County,  who  died  in  1692-93.  In  his  will,  dated  25th  Janu- 
ary, proved  7th  March,  1692-93,  he  appoints  his  wife  Anne 
his  executrix  and  mentions  four  children,  two  sons  and  two 
daughters,  viz: 

1.  Babington  Cooke. 

2.  John  Cooke. 

3.  Anne  Cooke. 

4.  Mary  Cooke. 

Before  1696,  Mrs.  Anne  Cooke,  widow  of  Thomas,  mar- 
ried John  Stevens,  of  Dorchester  County.  i6th  May,  1696, 
came  John  Stevens  and  Anne,  his  wife,  executrix  of  Thomas 
Cooke,  late  of  Dorchester  County,  deceased,  and  exhibited 

IS 


274  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

their  account,  etc.  (Test.  Proc.  Lib.  24,  fol.  162).     By  her 
second  husband  she  had  at  least  one  daughter : 

I.  Sarah  Stevens,  married  Thomas  Woolford  (see  Stevens 
family). 

NOTES. 

The  will  of  Dr.  John  Brooke  is  dated  24th  January, 
1692-93,  and  was  proved  21st  March,  1692-93.  Mentions 
testator's  grandchild,  Babington  Cooke;  grandchild,  John 
Cooke;  Joseph  Ennalls,  who  married  testator's  daughter; 
granddaughter,  Martha  Lawrence,  under  16  years  of  age; 
bequests  to  Daniel  Sherwood,  Edward  Hambleton  and  Ralph 
Dawson,  Junior.     (Annapolis,  Wills,  Lib.  7,  fal.  26.) 

Judith  Brooke  (widow  of  Dr.  John),  dated  nth  July, 
proved  7th  December,  1693.  Mentions  the  chief  testatrix 
is  now  pregnant  of;  daughter-in-law  (t.  ^.,  stepdaughter),  Mrs. 
Anne  Cooke;  daughter-in-law,  Mary  Ennalls,  and  her  eldest 
daughter,  Mrs.  Mary  Sherwood;  Anne  Cooke,  the  younger, 
and  Mary  Cooke;  John  Cooke,  son  of  Mrs.  Anne  Cooke; 
Martha  Lawrence;  testatrix's  sister,  Barbara  ThcwT>;  bequests 
to  John  Sands  and  John  Jones,  Margery  Smith  and  her 
child,  James  Chambers;  Katherine  Clayland,  under  16  years 
old;  Richard  Dawson;  Andrew  Booth;  Mary  Sherwood,  the 
younger;  Katherine  Sherwood;  Margaret  Hambleton,  wife 
of  William  Hambleton;  Grace  Hopkins,  the  elder;  Mrs.  Col- 
lins; Daniel  Sherwood  and  Edward  Hambleton;  Richard 
Collins;  beloved  friend,  Mr.  Hugh  Sherwood,  the  elder,  of 
Talbot  County,  executor.  (Annapolis,  Wills,  Lib.  7,  folio  33.) 

7th  May,  1723.  John  Stevens  and  Anne,  his  wife,  and 
Babington  Cooke,  all  of  Dorchester  County,  to  William 
Ennalls,  of  said  county,  tract  of  50  acres  called  "The  Adven- 
ture," in  Dorchester  County.  Anne  Stevens,  daughter  of 
John  Brooke,  late  of  Dorchester  County,  Chirurgeon, 
deceased,  and  wife  of  above-named  John  Stevens,  deputes 
her  friend,  John  Eccleston,  to  acknowledge  this  deed  for 
her.    (Dorchester  Co.  Rec,  Lib.  8,  old,  fol.  57-58.) 


THE   CARROLLS 

THE  CARROLLS. 


BmtB  ot  Sarroll,  (tbfeffl  ol  £le> 
"klnfl's  Sonnts,  Ireland. 


The  Maryland  Carrolls  have  borne  a  prominent  part  for 
over  two  centuries  in  the  social,  professional  and  political 
develc^WDcnt  of  the  State. 

Among  those  who  have  been  especially  prominent  may 
be  mentioned  Rev.  John  Carroll,  first  Roman  Catholic  Arch- 
bishop in  this  country;  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  a  name 
preeminent  in  the  history  of  the  country;  Charles  Carroll, 
Barrister  of  Annapolis,  whose  brilliant  articles  are  acknowl- 
edged to  have  been  leading  factors  in  molding  public  senti- 


276  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

ment  in  colonial  times;  Thomas  King  Carroll,  one  of  the 
Legislative  Governors  of  Maryland;  John  Lee  Carroll,  Gov- 
ernor at  a  later  period ;  Anna  Ella  Carroll,  "the  unrecognized 
member  of  Lincoln's  Cabinet,**  and  Dr.  Thomas  King  Car- 
roll, an  eminent  physician  of  the  Eastern  Shore. 

The  Carrolls  trace  their  ancestry  in  unbroken  line  to  the 
Carroll  who  led  the  Elyans,  A.  D.  1014.  When  some  of 
the  family  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  this  country,  they 
settled  first  in  Virginia,  and  came  to  Maryland  about  1640, 
where  they  have  lived  for  successive  generations  to  the  pres- 
ent day. 

It  is  only  of  the  immediate  ancestors  of  those  living  in 
Dorchester  County  that  this  history  permits  further  mention. 
They  first  became  identified  with  the  country  about  1840, 
when  Gov.  Thomas  King  Carroll  removed  there  with  his 
family  from  Kingston  Hall,  Somerset  County,  Md.,  the  an- 
cestral home  of  this  branch  of  the  Carrolls. 

James  Carroll,  of  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  married 
Araminta  Thompson  in  1745.  One  of  their  sons.  Col.  Henry 
James  Carroll  married  Elizabeth  Barnes  King,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Thomas  King,  oi  Kingston  Hall,  Somerset 
County,  Md.,  a  member  of  a  family  as  distinguished  and  hon- 
orable in  Ireland  as  the  Carrolls.  They  had  two  sons, 
Thomas  King  and  Charles  Cecilius.  The  latter  lived  at 
Kingston  Hall  until  his  education  was  completed,  and  after- 
wards studied  law  in  Baltimore  in  the  office  of  the  eminent 
lawyer,  John  V.  F.  McMahon,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
there.  He  served  several  terms  in  the  State  Legislature, 
but  soon  after  his  marriage  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
where  the  rest  of  his  life  was  spent  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  married  Annie  Smith,  of  Snow  Hill,  Worcester 
County,  Md.,  daughter  of  Isaac  P.  Smith,  and  who  had  three 
sisters  and  three  brothers;  Rosina  married  Dr.  Gove  Sauls- 
bury,  Governor  of  Delaware;  Margaret  married  Daniel  M. 
Bates,  Chief  Justiqe  of  Delaware;  Sarah  Elizabeth  married 
George  H.  Martin,  of  Philadelphia. 


THE  CARROLLS  277 

Her  brothers  were  Dr.  A.  Hamilton  Smith  and  Edward 
S.  Handy,  and  Isaac  Smith  Handy  who  had  their  names 
changed  to  inherit  property — all  of  Philadelphia.  Charles 
Cecilius  Carroll  and  Anne  Smith  had  two  sons  and  five 
daughters:  Edward  C.  Carroll,  of  Vickburg,  Miss.;  Charles 
C.  Carroll,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Mrs.  Nellie  Carroll  Taber,  ol 
Keokuk,  Iowa;  Elizabeth  and  Anne,  who  died  in  St.  Louis, 
and  Margaret  Handy  Carroll,  who  married  Dr.  Thomas 
King  Carroll,  of  Dorchester  County,  Md. 

Thomas  King  Carroll,  Governor  of  Maryland  in  1829, 
was  bom  at  Kingston  Hall,  Somerset  County.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  with  high  honors  at  an  early  age.  Re- 
turning to  Maryland,  he  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Ephraim 
King  Wilson,  who  was  named  for  Thomas  King,  and  was 
the  father  of  the  late  E.  King  Wilson,  U.  S.  Senator  from 
Maryland.  After  being  admitted  to  the  bar  he  was  associ- 
ated in  practide  with  Robert  Goodloe  Harper,  the  son-in-law 
of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton.  While  in  Baltimore  he 
married  Juliana  Stevenson,  daughter  of  Dr.  Henry  Steven- 
son, one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  the  day,  and  especially 
noted  for  having  introduced  inoculation  for  smallpox, 
converting  his  private  mansion  on  Parnassus  Hill  into  a  hos- 
pital to  be  used  for  that  purpose. 

Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  Thomas  King  Carroll 
returned  to  Kingston  Hall,  living  there  until  he  removed 
to  Dorchester  County,  in  1840.  He  was  elected  to  the  Leg- 
islature, attaining  his  majority  only  the  day  befoife  taking 
his  seat,  and  was  the  youngest  member  ever  elected  to  this 
Assembly.  He  was  a  gifted  and  cultured  man,  of  unimpeach- 
able integrity  and  lofty  character.  He  continued  to  serve  in 
the  Legislature  until  that  body  elected  him  Governor.  It 
may  be  mentioned  here  that  some  member  of  each  genera- 
tion of  the  Carrolls  represented  the  people  in  the  Assembly 
from  the  formation  of  the  State  Government  to  the  Civil 
War. 

At  the  expiration  of  his  term  as  Governor,  Governor  Car- 
roll retired  to  private  life,  the  only  office  he  afterwards  held 


278  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

being  Naval  Officer  of  the  Port  of  Baltimore.  He  died  at  his 
residence  in  Dorchester  County,  in  October,  1873,  ^^^  is 
buried  in  the  cemetery  of  Old  Trinity  Church,  where  also  his 
wife  and  five  of  his  children  are  interred. 

Governor  Carroll  was  the  father  of  the  following  children, 
all  of  whom  were  bom  at  Kingston  Hall :  Anna,  Ella,  Henry, 
James,  Juliana.  Thomas  King  married  Margaret  Handy 
Carroll;  Henrietta  Stevenson  married  Dr.  John  Chew  Gib- 
son, of  Talbot  County;  Ada  married  Dr.  Wm.  J.  Bowdle,  of 
Dorc|^ester  County;  Sallie  married  Thomas  Cradock,  of  Bal- 
timore County. 

Anna  Ella  Carroll  was  the  most  distinguished  and  brilliant 
woman  Maryland  ever  produced,  and  during  the  Civil  War 
gained  a  national  reputation  by  her  services  to  the  govern- 
ment. Her  sympathies  were  enlisted  for  the  national  cause, 
and  she  began  a  series  of  articles  that  at  once  attracted  the 
attention  of  Lincoln  and  the  administration.  As  the  author 
of  the  '^Tennessee  Campaign,"  she  soon  became  famous. 
Though  her  claim  to  this  is  incontestably  established  by  doc- 
uments still  on  file  in  the  Congjressional  Library  in  Washing- 
ton, and  acknowledged  by  Lincoln  himself  and  nearly  all  of 
the  leading  men  of  the  day,  in  private  letters  to  her  (now  in 
the  possession  of  a  member  of  the  Carroll  family),  she  never 
received  public  recjognition. 

Secretary  Stanton  said  of  her:  "Her  course  was  the  most 
remarkable  in  the  war.  She  got  no  pay  and  did  the  great 
work  that  made  others  famous."  Governor  Hicks  of  Mary- 
land attributed  largely  to  her  influence  his  success  in  keeping 
the  State  in  line  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  future  historians 
may  some  day  accord  to  her  the  justice  denied  her  in  life. 
She  died  in  Washington,  D.  C,  where  she  had  lived  for  some 
years,  in  February,  1894,  and  her  remains  were  brought  to 
Dorchester  County  and  interred  beside  those  of  her  father 
and  mother. 

Some  of  the  letters,  reports  and  documents  concerning 
Miss  Carroll's  military  services  have  been  reproduced  and 
compiled  in  her  biography. 


THE  CARROLLS  279 

No  history  of  Dorchester  County  would  be  complete  with- 
out more  than  a  passing  mention  of  Dr.  Thomas  King  Car- 
roll, who,  as  a  man  and  as  a  physician,  so  ably  sustained  the 
reputation  of  his  disting;uished  ancestors.  His  influence  was 
felt  throughout  the  county  both  in  public  and  private  life. 
Probably  no  one  man  made  an  impress  so  imperishable,  or 
contributed  so  largely,  to  the  shaping  of  those  events  which 
have  marked  the  advancement  of  the  people  in  this  county. 

Thomas  King  Carroll,  son  of  Governor  Thomas  King  Car- 
roll, and  Juliana  Stevenson,  was  born  at  Kingston  Hall,  Som- 
erset County,  August  31,  1821.  Graduating  at  Washington 
Academy,  he  begfan  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Samuel 
Chew  of  Baltimore,  and  at  once  exhibited  a  peculiar  talent 
and  ability  for  the  profession.  Graduating  in  1846  from  the 
University  of  Maryland,  he  opened  an  office  in  Baltimore, 
where  he  practiced  for  a  short  time.  Receiving  a  petition 
from  the  citizens  of  Dorchester  County  asking  him  to  settle 
there,  he  complied  with  their  request  and  began  the  real 
work  of  his  life,  which  he  dedicated  with  heroic  devotion  to 
those  among  whom  and  for  whom  he  lived  for  over  half  a 
century. 

In  adknowledgment  of  his  services  in  this  capacity,  a 
beautiful  monument,  "erected  by  the  people"  to  his  memory, 
was  dedicated  June  12,  1901,  in  the  cemetery  of  Old  Trinity 
Church — ^the  only  monument  ever  erected  in  the  State  to  a 
private  citizen,  and  probably  the  first  one  ever  erected  to  a 
physician  by  the  spontaneous  offerings  of  his  patients  and 
friends.  The  memorial  services,  attended  by  a  concourse  of 
people  from  all  parts  of  the  county  and  State,  attested  the 
love,  honor  and  respect  in  which  they  held  the  memory  of 
one  whose  loss  to  them*  was  irreparable. 

Dr.  Carroll  was  a  man  of  versatile  talents.  A  judge  once 
said  of  him,  after  hearing  his  testimony  in  an  important  case: 
"That  the  law  had  lost  a  brilliant  star  which  the  medical  pro- 
fession had  gained." 

He  possessed  in  a  remarkable  degree  the  power  of  mag- 
netism, attracting  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact,  and 


28o  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

instinctively  creating  that  feeling  of  faith  and  trust  so  essen- 
tial to  the  success  of  a  physician.  In  the  memorial  address 
was  said  of  him:  "The  record  of  his  half-century  of  pracj- 
tical  Hvork  fulfilled  the  promise  of  his  naitive  kjalent  and 
cultivated  mind,  and,  looked  over  from  the  standpoint  of 
modem  science,  justifies  the  reputation  which  he  securely 
established  as  a  successful  and  learned  practitioner  of  the 
healing  art.  He  added  a  generous  heart  to  a  well-stored 
mind,  and  the  two,  acting  in  perfect  unison,  made  himi) 
respected  for  his  skill  and  beloved  for  his  personal  traits  of 
character.  *  *  *  It  was  a  pleasure  to  know  him;  it 
ought  to  be  an  inspiration  to  remember  him.  His  chief 
thought  was  to  do  his  duty;  his  chief  passion  to  relieve  pain, 
to  comfort  and  to  cure." 

His  was  a  nature  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  high  ideals 
and  possibilities  of  a  noble  profession,  and  so  well  did  he 
live  up  to  them  that  wherever  his  name  is  known  it  stands 
for  the  purest  type  of  a  gentleman  and  ideal  physician. 
Though  it  is  as  the  physician  that  Dr.  Carroirs  name  will  be 
transmitted  to  posterity,  he  served  the  people  none  the  less 
faithfully  and  advantageously  when  they  entrusted  their  pul>- 
He  interests  to  his  keeping.  He  was  three  times  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  twice  to  the  House  of  Delegates  tod 
once  to  the  Senate,  withdrawing  his  name  as  candidate  for 
United  States  Senator  to  return  to  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. During  his  terms  in  the  Legislature  he  was  an 
acknowledged  leader,  and  instigated  and  carried  through 
many  bills  of  lasting  benefit  to  the  people  of  the  county,  and 
from  which  this,  the  third  generation,  is  now  profiting.  Par- 
ticularly is  this  the  case  in  regard  to  public  education,  as  he 
framed  and  was  instrumental  in  having  passed  the  bill  for 
the  establishment  of  the  first  free  schools  in  Maryland. 

After  his  term  in  the  Senate  expired,  he  never  again  held 
or  sought  public  office,  yet  he  exerted  a  marked  influence  in 
local  affairs  to  the  year  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  his 
home,  "Walnut  Landing,"  January  9,  1900.  He  was  a  man, 
take  him  all  in  all;  we  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again. 


CARROLL  TOMBS,  CHUOCH  CREEK. 


•  •  • 


.     ■      » 


•  • 


THE  DENWOODS  281 

Dr.  Carroll  married  in  December,  1852,  Miss  Margaret 
Handy  Carroll,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  had  eight  children: 
Thcmias  King,  Charles  Cecilius,  Harry  Stevenson,  Margaret 
Handy,  Victor  C,  Julia  Stevenson,  Vivian  and  Nellie  Calvert. 

The  coat-of-arms  of  Maryland  and  the  State  motto  were 
adopted  from  those  of  the  Calverts,  who  are  connected  by 
marriage  with  this  branch  of  the  Carrolls. 

THE  DENWOOD  FAMILY. 

(Genealogical  Notes,  Dr.  Christopher  Johnson,) 

Levin  Denwood  settled  in  Virginia  before  1633  and  was 
one  of  the  Justices  of  Northampton  County  in  1654  and 
1657  (Northampton  Co.  Rec).  A  certificate  was  issued  to 
him  23d  March,  1640,  for  550  acres  due  him  for  transporting 
himself,  his  wife  and  other  persons  (Northampton  Co.  Rec, 
Lib.  I,  fol.  162).  In  1665  he  was  living  in  Accomac  County 
(Lib.  1663-66,  fol.  102)  and  probably  died  not  long  after. 
His  daughter,  Mary,  married  Roger  Woolford,  who  settled 
in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  and  it  was  probably  this  connec- 
tion that  determined  the  removal  of  the  Denwood  family 
from  Virginia  to  Maryland.  The  following  entries  from  the 
Land  Office  at  Annapolis  throw  light  upon  their  removal: 
loth  July,  1665,  Roger  Woolford  enters  these  rights,  Levin 
and  Sarah  Denwood,  John  Wells,  Martha  Robinson,  and 
Owen  Mackara  (Lib.  8,  fol.  486).  13th  February,  1667, 
Roger  Woolford,  of  Somerset  County,  proved  rights  for 
transporting  Mary,  Thomas,  Elizabeth  and  Rebecca  Den- 
wood, Richard  Prinum,  Barbara  Gilbert,  Thos.  Somers  and 
Elizabeth  Gradwell  (Lib.  11,  fol.  229;  Lib.  12,  fol.  359). 
17th  November,  1670,  Liveing  Denwood,  of  Somerset 
County,  proved  his  right  to  50  acres  for  transporting  his 
wife,  Priscilla  (Lib.  16,  fol.  13).  13th  June,  1671,  Levin 
Denwood,  of  Somerset  County,  proved  his  right  to  50  acres 
for  transporting  his  son.  Levin,  out  of  Virginia  into  this  pro- 
vince (Lib.  16,  fol.  302). 

Levin  Denwood  and  Mary,  his  wife,  had  issue : 

I.  Arthur  Denwood. 


282  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

2.  Thomas  Denwood. 

3.  Levin  Denwood,  of  whom  further. 

4.  Luke  Denwood. 

5.  Susanna  Denwood,  married  Thos.  Browne. 

6.  Mary  Denwood,  married  Roger  Woolford  (see  Wool- 
ford  family). 

7.  Elizabeth  Denwood,  married,  4th  July,  1669,  Henry 
Hooper  (see  Hooi>er  family). 

8.  Rebecca  Denwood,  married,  15th  November,  1679, 
Neh.  Covington. 

9.  Sarah  Denwood,  married Hicks. 

Levin  Denwood,  son  of  Levin  and  Mary,  removed,  as 
above  stated,  from  Virginia  and  settled  in  Somerset  County, 
Md.  In  his  will,  proved  9th  May,  1724  (Annapolis,  Wills, 
Lib.  WD,  No.  I,  fol.  507),  he  leaves  to  Martha  and  Mary 
Woolford,  "the  two  daughters  of  my  cousin  (i.  ^.,  nephew) 
Levin  Woolford,"  two  parcels  of  land  between  Rock  Creek 
and  the  Devil's  Island  Thoroughfare,  "which  my  late  brother- 
in-law  Woolford  and  I  purchased  between  us."  By  Priscilla, 
his  wife,  he  had  issue  as  follows : 

1.  Levin  Denwood,  bom  6th  November,  1670. 

2.  Arthur  Denwood,  died  before  1723;  married  Esther 
,  and  left  issue. 

3.  Elizabeth  Denwood,  bom  7th  May,  1674;  died,  1736; 
married  George  Gale  and  left  issue. 

4.  Mary  Denwood,  bom  2d  May,  1676;  died,  9th  Decem- 
^r»  17355  married,  i6th  November,  1697,  Henry  Hill,  and 
left  issue. 

THE    DORSEY    FAMILY. 

The  Dorseys  of  Maryland,  descend  from  the  Lord  Darcy, 
of  Essex  County,  England,  where  they  were  made  Earls  of 
Holdemess  at  the  time  that  Norman  Darcy  went  into  Eng- 
land from  France  with  William  the  Conqueror,  bearing  with 
him  the  same  coat-of-arms  and  motto  of  his  ancestors  of  the 
old  French  nobility  back  to  the  time  of  Charlemagne. 


THE  DORSEYS  283 

As  the  immediate  gift  of  the  Conqueror,  Norman  Darcy 
received  no  less  than  thirty-three  Lordships  in  the  County  of 
Lincolnshire  alone  while  of  his  descendants,  the  Archaeo- 
logical Society  of  Essex  County  says,  "One  of  the  most 
ancient  and  opulent  families  in  Essex  was  that  of  Darcy." 
The  name  of  Osbert  Darcy  is  mentioned  in  the  Dooms  Day 
Book  as  one  of  the  King's  Thanes,  1066. 

The  name  of  "Darcy,"  which  was  so  written  by  the  early 
colonial  settlers,  soon  became  changed  in  form  to  Dorsey 
in  this  country. 

As  early  as  1662  the  first  of  the  Dorchester  branch  of  the 
Dorsey  family  received  as  a  deed  of  gift  two  hundred  acres 
of  land  at  the  head  of  Fishing  Creek,  five  miles  below  Cam- 
bridge. 

Within  a  few  years  the  Dorsey  possessions  were  increased 
until,  in  the  year  1671,  they  owned  the  several  tracts  adjoin- 
ing, aggregating  one  thousand  acres,  and  including  "Pres- 
ton," 500  acres;  "Teverton,"  300;  "Ye  Ending  of  Contro- 
versie,"  200,  and  "Dorsey's  Range,"  50.  In  other  parts  of 
the  county,  their  patents  included  "Dorsey's  Chance,"  200 
acres;  "Barrell  Green,"  100;  "Humphrey's  Desire."  50; 
"Olive  Branch,"  50;  "Southampton,"  100;  "Hayland,"  and 
others. 

In  addition  to  these  they  were  left  a  reversionary  interest 
in  "Horn's  Point,"  600  acres,  as  next  of  kin  to  the  daughters 
of  Richard  Preston,  Commander  of  the  Patuxent  and  high 
colonial  official. 

Like  Edward  Dorsey,  progenitor  of  the  Western  Shore 
branch,  the  first  of  the  Eastern  Shore  family  settled  in  Cal- 
vert County,  but  soon  took  possession  of  the  fertile  lands 
which  have  descended  in  an  unbroken  line  from  father  to  son 
by  the  law  of  primogeniture  and  afterwards  by  will,  through 
eight  successive  generations  until  the  present  day. 

As  this  family  possesses  the  peculiar  distinction  of  having 
only  one  son  marry  in  each  generation,  there  never  has  been 
from  their  first  settlement  but  one  family  of  the  name  in 


284  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Dorchester  County,  the  owners  and  occupants  of  "Ye  End- 
ing of  Controversie." 

While  never  figuring  conspicuously  in  politics,  the  Dor- 
seys  have  always  been  public  spirited  and  have  not  failed  to 
serve  their  country  since  the  first  of  the  line  received  a  grant 
of  land  in  Dorset  for  services  rendered  the  colonial  govern- 
ment in  the  early  Indian  Wars.  That  lack  of  inclination 
kept  them  out  of  official  life  is  evident  from  the  fact  that 
their  nearest  kinsmen,  both  by  blood  and  marriage,  occupied 
posts  of  power  in  the  provincial  government. 

At  the  time,  however,  that  the  Dorseys  of  Anne  Arundel 
County  were  figuring  conspicuously  in  the  public  move- 
ments, the  Dorchester  men  of  that  name  were  devoting  their 
interests  toward  the  cultivation  of  their  acres  and  their  brains 
rather  than  seeking  preferment  away  from  home. 

That  the  Dorseys,  of  Dorchester,  were  early  of  decide 
literary  tastes  and  pursuits  we  have  reason  to  believe,  for  iti 
the  day  when  many  a  one  could  not  write  his  own  name  W6 
find  Edward  Dorsey  selling,  among  other  personal  effects 
upon  his  departure  from  the  county,  two  mahogany  writing 
desks  mentioned  in  a  bill  of  sale  in  1750.  At  this  time  ht 
is  believed  to  have  removed  to  Harford  County,  but  not 
being  the  benedict  of  the  family  through  whom  the  land 
descended,  was  lost  sight  of. 

In  the  year  1781,  when  the  English  in  barges  harassed  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  the  home  guards  were  called 
on  to  defend  Vienna.  Where  the  British  landed  to  maraud 
the  town.  Levin  Dorsey  responded  and  was  killed  during  the 
fight  there  while  attempting  to  repel  the  invaders.  He  would 
have  been  buried  at  Vienna  had  not  his  only  son  John,  a 
boy  of  about  fifteen  years,  begged  his  body  of  the  English 
officer,  who,  touched  by  his  appeal,  granted  the  lad's  request. 

His  remains  were  conveyed  in  a  wagon  to  Controversie,  a 
distance  of  twenty  miles,  guarded  by  his  young  son  and  an 
old  slave. 

The  British  grapeshot  was  extracted  and  retained  by  his 


HOME  OF   OH.  D0R8EV  W 


L  *N0  CHIRUROICAL  FACULTY 


THE  DRAINS  285 

descendants  to  the  present  generation  as  a  souvenior  of  the 
tragic  event. 

When  young  John  Dorsey  grew  to  manhood  he  manu- 
mitted his  slaves  for  conscience  sake  in  the  year  1790,  which 
act  is  duly  recorded  at  Cambridge. 

During  the  life  of  the  next  John  Dorsey,  bachelor  and 
bon  vivant,  the  old  place  became  famous  for  the  free  and 
lavish  hospitality  of  its  host. 

Upon  the  death  of  his  bachelor  brother  John,  the  late  Mr. 
James  L.  Dorsey,  of  Baltimore,  became  owner  of  "Ye  End- 
ing of  Controversie."  He,  however,  never  Hved  there  after 
his  marriage  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Webster  Richardson,  daughter 
of  the  late  Mr.  Levin  Richardson,  of  Elsing,  near  Church 
Creek. 

Mr.  James  L.  Dorsey  and  wife  lived  in  Baltimore  from 
their  marriage  until  their  old  age.  All  of  their  children 
being  bom  and  raised  there. 

The  children  of  this  couple  now  living  are  Messrs.  John  R. 
Dorsey,  Frank  S.  Dorsey  and  Charles  H.  Dorsey,  of  Balti- 
more; Miss  Mary  V.  Dorsey  and  Miss  Sallie  Webster,  of 
Elsing,  Dorchester  County;  Mrs.  John  M.  Willis,  of  Dor- 
chester County,  and  Mrs.  Albert  L.  Richardson,  of  Balti- 
more. 

THE  DRAIN  FAMILY. 

William  F.  Drain,  Cashier  of  the  National  Bank  of  Cam- 
bridge, Md.,  since  1880,  was  born  in  Princess  Anne,  Md.,  in 
1841.  His  parents  were  Rev.  Shepherd  Drain  and  Mary  A. 
(Creighton)  Drain.  Shepherd  Drain  was  bom  in  Sussex 
County,  Del.,  in  1806,  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Creighton, 
daughter  of  Vemon  Creighton,  April  24,  1835,  and  died 
November  12,  1844,  at  Greensborough,  Caroline  County, 
Md.,  in  the  fourteenth  year  of  his  ministry  as  a  member  of 
the  Philadelphia  Methodist  Episcopal  Conference.  His 
ministerial  labors  were  chiefly  on  the  Eastem  Shore,  in  Dor- 
chester and  other  counties.  He  was  junior  pastor  in  Dor- 
chester County,  with  Rev.  John  Lenhart,  and  visited  the 


286  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

islands  of  that  section  with  Rev.  Joshua  Thomas,  where  many 
sought  and  found  by  faith  the  forgiveness  of  their  sins  under 
the  spiritual  teaching  of  those  divines,  then  spreading  Wes- 
leyan  Methodism. 

The  widow  of  Rev.  Shepherd  Drain  died  December  23, 
1878. 

The  maternal  grandfather  of  Wm.  F.  Drain  was  Vernon 
Creighton,  who  was  among  the  first  Methodists  in  Dorches- 
ter County. 

Wm.  F.  Drain  married  Miss  Maria  Louise  Creighton, 
daughter  of  John  R.  Creighton,  October  28,  1875.  Louise 
B.  Drain  is  their  only  child  now  living. 

THE  ECCLESTON  FAMILY. 

There  were  two  brothers  Eccleston  in  England,  one  of 
them  inherited  the  family  estate  in  Lancastershire  and  the 
other,  either  by  marriage  or  through  his  mother,  got  an 
estate  in  Buckinghamshire.  From  one  of  these  brothers 
descended  Hugh  Eccleston,  who  came  to  the  Province  of 
Maryland  between  1645  and  1665.  He  took  up  land  first 
on  the  Transquaking  River,  in  Dorchester  County,  and  after- 
wards some  on  the  Blackwater  River,  in  1667.  The  Dor- 
chester County  Rent  Rolls  show  that  Moses  Mathews,  who 
had  "Daniel's  Pasture,"  100  acres,  surveyed  May  12,  1664, 
and  also  owned  "Newton's  Desire,"  left  these  tracts  of  land 
to  John  and  Thomas  Eccleston,.  sons  of  Hugh  Eccleston;  at 
the  death  of  Hugh  Eccleston,  he  left  land  to  his  son  John, 
who  married  Mary  Skinner,  of  Talbot  County. 

The  children  of  John  Eccleston  and  Mary  Skinner,  his 
wife,  were: 

1.  Hugh,  who  married  Elizabeth  Ennalls. 

2.  Thomas  Firmin,  who  married  Milcah  Pitt,  nee  Airey, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Thomas  Airey  and  Milcah  Gale,  n€e  Hill, 
his  wife. 

3.  Dorthea,  married  Joseph  Richardson. 

4.  Rachel,  remained  single. 


THE  ECCLESTONS  287 

John  Eccleston  was  possessed  of  a  large  estate,  which  he 
divided  between  his  two  sons,  Hugh  and  Thomas  Firmin, 
giving  Hugh  the  property  on  Transquaking  and  Thomas 
that  on  Blackwater,  which  is  still  in  the  family. 

The  Ecclestons  were  prominent  in  public  affairs,  Hugh 
first  was  a  major  under  the  provincial  government.  It  was 
through  his  family  that  the  annual  rent  of  an  Indian  bow 
and  arrow  was  paid  by  the  Indians  to  Queen  Anne,  of  Eng- 
land. At  the  time  of  the  Revolution  of  1776,  one  of  these 
bows  and  arrows  was  in  possession  of  the  Eccleston  family. 

The  children  of  Hugh  Eccleston,  the  second,  were: 

1.  Elizabeth  Ennalls,  no  record. 

2.  Dr.  John,  married,  i,  Miss  Gale,  of  Somerset  County; 
2^  Miss  Sulivane,  of  East  New  Market. 

3.  Margaret,  died  in  youth. 

4.  Sallie,  died  single. 

The  children  of  Dr.  John  Eccleston  were : 

1.  Hugh,  died  a  minor. 

2.  James,  married  Henrietta  Maria  Martin,  daughter  of 
Judge  Martin  and  his  wife,  a  Miss  Nichols. 

3.  Elizabeth,  married  Thomas  Anderson,  of  Cambridge. 
Children  of  Thomas  Firmin  Eccleston  and  Milcah  Airey : 

1.  Leah,  married  Covert  Haskins  in  1800;  died  September 
29,  1803. 

2.  Thomas  John  Hugh,  married  Sarah  Ennalls  Hooper, 
May  16, 1806,  daughter  of  Major  John  Hooper  and  Elizabeth 
Ennalls  Scott,  his  wife. 

Govert  Haskins  was  the  son  of  William  Haskins  and  Sarah 
Airey,  bom  in  1769;  died  in  1829;  was  a  descendant  of 
Thomas  Haskins,  who  married  Mary  Lockerman,  grand- 
daughter of  Govert  Lockerman,  who  came  from  the  town  of 
Amsterdam,  now  New  York,  in  1679. 

CHILDREN  OF  THOS.  I.  H.  ECCLESTON  AND  SARAH 

ENNALLS  HOOPER. 

1.  John  Hooper,  died  in  youth. 

2.  Leah  Emily,  died,  single,  in  1889. 


288  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

3.  Thomas  Firmin,  bom  in  1812;  died  in  1846;  married 
Dorthea  Keene  in  1838. 

4.  Elizabeth  Anne,  born  in  181 5;  married  John  Leeds 
Nesbit  Kerr. 

5.  James  Hooper,  no  record. 

6.  Sarah  Hooper,  bom  October  26,  1822;  died  December 
31,  1894;  married,  in  1843,  Edward  John  Stevens,  son  of 
Ex-Gov.  Samuel  Stevens,  of  "Compton,"  Talbot  County. 

THE  ENNALLS  FAMILY. 

The  first  Ennalls  to  arrive  in  Maryland  was  Bartholomew, 
who  came  from  York  County,  Va.,  where,  about  1660,  he 
married  Mrs.  Mary  Heyward,  widow  of  Francis  Heyward, 
by  whom  she  had  two  sons,  Francis  and  John  He)rward. 

In  the  Land  Office  Records  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  date  of 
March  10,  1669,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  of  the  County  of 
Dorset,  proves  the  right  for  transporting  the  following  per- 
sons out  of  Virginia  to  inhabit  in  this  Province,  viz :  Him- 
self, Mary  (his  wife),  Thomas  Ennalls,  Bartholomew  Ennalls, 
Mary  Ennalls,  Francis  Heyward  and  John  Heyward  (his 
children),  John  Nichols,  Wm.  Ennalls,  Wm.  Sudlock  and 
Susan  Hyde  (his  servants). 

The  first  tracts  of  land  laid  out  for  Bartholomew  Ennalls 
and  his  son  Thomas  was  "Bartholomew's  Range,"  420  acres, 
surveyed  July  10,  1672,  in  possession  of  Thos.  Ennalls  (see 
Rent  Rolls).  Previously  he  had  purchased  of  John  Edmond- 
son  2000  acres  of  land  on  the  Transquaking  River  by  deed, 
dated  January  18,  1668,  for  a  sloop  and  1000  pounds  of 
tobacco. 

In  reference  to  the  Heywards,  there  is  in  court  a  letter  of 
record  from  Francis  and  John  Heyward,  of  October  25,  1680. 
to  Wm.  Arnold,  authorizing  him  to  g^ve  possession  of  some 
land  in  Pocoson,  York  County,  Va.,  to  Francis  Heyward's 
father,  Bartholomew  Ennalls. 

In  March,  1688,  Bartholomew  Ennalls  died  and  mentioned 
in  his  will  five  sons  and  two  daughters,  namely:    Thomas, 


THE  ENNALLS  289 

William,  Joseph,  John  and  Henry,  and  daughter  Elizabeth, 
who  married  Major  Roger  Woolford,  and  Mary,  who  mar- 
ried Joseph  Foster.  His  sons  Thomas  and  William  died 
without  leaving  any  descendants.  Joseph,  John  and  Henry 
left  many  sons  and  daughters;  from  them  have  descended 
branches  of  the  Goldsboroughs,  Hoopers,  Bayards,  Craigs, 
Sulivanes,  Muses,  Waggamans  and  many  other  prominent 
families  of  the  country. 

In  1776  Bartholomew  Ennalls  was  appointed  Commis- 
sioner or  County  Justice  in  Dorchester,  and  was  thereafter 
continually  in  office,  either  as  Justice  or  Member  of  the 
Assembly,  until  his  death  in  1688.  The  popularity  and 
prominence  of  the  father  was  inherited  by  his  spns,  who 
became  even  more  influential  in  county  and  State  affairs.  In 
1692  his  son  Thomas  was  appointed  one  of  the  County  Jus- 
tices and  reappointed  until  1699,  when  his  brother  Henry 
became  his  associate  in  the  County  Court  of  Justice.  They 
were  continued  in  office  until  1706,  when  three  of  the 
brothers,  Joseph,  Henry  and  Thomas  sat  in  the  same  County 
Court.  Very  little  is  known  of  their  private  business  affairs, 
but  the  land  records  show  they  were  owners  of  much  real 
estate,  and  that  Thomas  Ennalls  was  a  mariner  in  1690. 
While  their  name  is  extinct  in  the  county,  their  blood  flows 
down  the  Goldsborough  line  of  descent  from  Robert  Golds- 
borough,  barrister,  and  Elizabeth  Goldsborough,  the  chil- 
dren of  Elizabeth  (Ennalls)  Goldsborough  and  her  husband, 
Charles  Goldsborough,  and  also  through  the  Hoopers, 
Muses,  Woolfords  and  other  family  lines  still  surviving  in 
the  county. 

About  the  year  1760,  Thomas  Muse,  of  Westmoreland 
County,  Va.,  married  Anne  Ennalls.  daughter  of  Joseph 
Ennalls,  the  son  of  Joseph,  the  third  son  of  Bartholomew 
Ennalls.  The  Maryland  Council  of  Safety  commissioned 
Thomas  Muse  Major  of  the  19th  Battalion  of  Militia,  Octo- 
ber 23,  1776,  and  sent  him  fifty  pounds  to  pay  the  mustering 
officers  at  Cambridge,  where  he  was  then  stationed.     He 

19 


290  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

died  November  22,  1776,  and  left  two  children,  Margaret 
and  Joseph  Ennalls  Muse.  Margaret  married,  in  1790,  Dr. 
Wm.  Worthington  Davis,  a  bright  Scotchman,  who  died  in 
1795,  leaving  several  children.  From  them  have  descended 
family  branches  of  Campbells,  Chamberlains,  Thomases  and 
Tripps.  Joseph  Ennalls  Muse  married  Sophia  Kerr,  daugh- 
ter of  David  Kerr  and  Rachel  Leeds  (Bozman)  Edmondson, 
widow  of  James  Edmondson,  Esq.  Sophia  (Kerr)  Muse  was 
a  sister  of  John  Leeds  Kerr,  who  was  elected  to  the  U.  S. 
Senate.  When  he  was  bom,  in  1780,  a  party  of  gentlemen 
crossed  Chesapeake  Bay  on  the  ice  in  January  to  Wade's 
Point  Plantation,  in  Talbot  County,  to  inform  the  Hon.  John 
Leeds  of  the  birth  of  his  great-grandson  and  namesake.  His 
great-great-great-grandfather.  Col.  Nicholas  Lowe,  owned 
the  first  coach  in  Talbot  County,  and  when  they  drove  out 
in  it  to  White  Marsh  Church  the  folks,  white  and  black, 
would  gather  along  the  road  to  see  them  pass.  The  chil- 
dren of  Dr.  Joseph  Ennalls  Muse  and  his  wife,  Sophia  (Kerr) 
Muse  were  Joseph  E.,  Dr.  James  A.,  Dr.  William  H.  and 
one  daughter,  Mrs.  Nicholas  B.  (Muse)  Worthington. 

Dr.  Joseph  E.  Muse,  the  eldest  son,  became  an  expert 
chemist  and  scientist,  took  great  pleasure  in  agriculture,  and 
in  1838,  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  Maryland  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  deg^e  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

Col.  Wm.  Sulivane  Muse,  of  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps,  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Muse,  herein  named,  and 
Elizabeth  Sulivane  Muse,  bom  in  Dorchester  County,  Md., 
April  8,  1842.  He  entered  the  U.  S.  Navy  as  a  volunteer 
in  1862,  and  was  commissioned  Lieutenant  in  the  U.  S. 
Marine  Corps  March  18,  1864;  served  on  the  U.  S.  Str.  "St. 
Marys,"  in  the  Pacific  until  1866;  was  then  assigned  to  shore 
duty  at  Washington  and  Annapolis  for  four  years;  then 
ordered  to  the  U.  S.  S.  "Brooklyn,"  in  the  European  Squad- 
ron for  three  years.  In  1878  he  was  ordered  to  the  U.  S. 
Artillery  School  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  for  instruction,  where 
he  graduated  in  1880,  was  that  year  promoted  Captain  and 


THE  ENNALLS  29 1 

joined  the  U.  S.  Flagship  "Tennessee,"  in  1881,  where  he 
served  three  years  as  Fleet  Marine  Officer  of  the  North 
Atlantic  Squadron;  then  followed  shore  duty  at  Washington, 
New  York  and  San  Francisco.  In  1885,  was  stationed  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  with  a  marine  battalion,  during  a 
revolution,  to  protect  property  and  guard  route  of  transit 
across  the  isthmus.  In  1886  was  ordered  to  Newport,  R.  I., 
to  take  course  at  Naval  Torpedo  School  and  War  College. 
In  1890  and  1893  served  on  the  U.  S.  Flagships  "Charleston" 
and  "San  Francisco"  as  Fleet  Marine  Officer  of  the  Pacific 
Squadron,  aijd  commanded  the  marines  of  the  fleet  at  the 
Naval  Review  in  New  York  in  1893.  Was  promoted  Major, 
June,  1898;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  February,  1899,  and  Colo- 
nel, January,  1900.  Next  ordered  to  command  the  Marine 
Guard  at  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md.,  while 
Admiral  Cervera  and  the  other  Spanish  naval  officers,  cap- 
tured at  Santiago,  were  held  prisoners  there.  In  December, 
1898,  was  ordered  to  Havana,  Cuba,  with  marines,  to  occupy 
Navy  Yard  upon  the  evacuation  of  the  Spanish;  in  1900  was 
in  command  of  the  Marine  Barracks,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  then 
transferred  to  Marine  Barracks,  Mare  Island,  California, 
where  he  was  found  physically  unfit  for  active  service  by  a 
Naval  Medical  Board,  and  from  there  ordered  home  and 
retired  from  service.  He  has  returned  to  his  magnificent 
home  in  Cambridge,  Md.,  where  every  comfort  surrounds 
him  that  could  be  reasonably  desired. 

NOTES. 

Bartholomew  Ennalls,  of  Dorchester  County,  who  died  in 
1688,  left  the  following  children : 

1.  Thomas,   who   married    in    1718,    Elizabeth    Richard- 
son; died  without  issue. 

2.  William,  married  Anne  Warren. 

3.  Joseph,    married    Mary    Brooke,    of   Calvert    County, 
daughter  of  John  and  Judith  Brooke. 

4.  John,  married  Elinor  Daffin. 


/ 


292  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

5.  Henry,  married,  in  1695,  Mary  Hooper. 

6.  Elizabeth,    married    Roger    Woolford,    of    Somerset 
County. 

7.  Mary,  married  John  Foster. 

SECOND   GENERATION. 

The  children  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Brooke  Ennalls  wer^ : 

1.  William,   who   married    Annie   Smith   in    1716;    died 
in  1731. 

2.  Bartholomew,  married  Mary  Smith  in  1725  and  Eliz- 
abeth Trippe  in  1734;  died  in  1783.  • 

3.  Joseph,  bom  in  1702;  married  Mary  Ennalls;  died  in 

1759. 

4.  Thomas,  married,  i,  the  widow  Smart;  2,  Annie  Hey- 

ward. 

5.  Henry,  married  Elinor  Bostworth. 

6.  Elizabeth,  married  Chas.  Goldsborough  in  1730. 

7.  Mary,  married  Col.  Henry  Hooper,  of  Warwick. 

THIRD   GENERATION. 

The  children  of  William  Ennalls  and  Annie  Smith  were : 

1.  Mary,  who  married  Ennalls  Hooper. 

2.  Ann,  married  Gen.  Henry  Hooper. 

The  children  of  Bartholomew  Ennalls  and  Mary,  his  first 
wife,  were: 

1.  Mary,  no  record. 

2.  Sarah,  no  record. 

Those  by  his  second  wife,  Elizabeth  Trippe,  were: 

1.  Elizabeth. 

2.  Joseph,  bom  in  1735. 

3.  Anne,  bom  in  1737. 

4.  William,  born  in  1741. 

5.  Henry,  bom  in  1739. 

6.  Leath,  born  in  1743. 

7.  Bartholomew,  bom  in  1746;  married,  i,  Sally  Hooper; 
2,  Nancy  Keene. 


THE  GOLDSBOROUGHS  293 

The  children  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Ennalls,  his  wife,  were: 

1.  Elizabeth,  married  Greenbury  Goldsborough  in  1754. 

2.  John,  no  record. 

3.  Elinor,  married  Joseph  Baffin,  who  died  in  1796. 

4.  Betsy,  died  in  1800. 

5.  Brook,  born  1743;  died  in  1778. 

6.  Anne,  bom  1750;  died  in  1803;  married  Thomas  Muir. 
Col.  Thomas  Ennalls,  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Brooke 

Ennalls,  his  wife,  married  a  second  wife,  Mary  Anne  Hay- 
ward;  they  had  a  daughter,  Sarah,  who  married  Henry  Wag- 
gaman;  their  children  were:  Thomas  E.,  George,  Augustus 
*and  Eliza  Waggaman.  Thomas  E.  Waggaman  xnarried 
Martha  Jefferson  Tyler,  sister  of  President  Tyler. 

Rebecca  Ennalls  married  John  Caile;  their  daughter,  Mar- 
garet Caile,  married  Richard  Sprigg.  Margaret  Caile,  sis- 
ter of  John  Caile  and  daughter  of  Hall  Caile  and  Elizabeth 
Raskins,  his  wife,  married  Gustavus  Scott. 


THE  GOLDSBOROUGH  FAMILY. 

All  of  the  Goldsboroughs  in  Dorchester  County  and  Mary- 
land are  descendants  from  the  same  parental  ancestor,  Nich- 
olas Goldsborough,  who  was  a  descendant  of  an  old  English 
family  of  that  name  who  lived  at  Goldsborough  Hall,  in  the 
County  of  York,  England,  as  far  back  as  1157. 

Nicholas  Goldsborough  was  bom  in  1640,  at  Malcolm 
Regis,  near  Weymouth,  Dorset  County,  England.  He  mar- 
ried Margaret  Howes,  the  only  daughter  of  Abraham  Howes, 
son  df  Wm.  Howes,  of  Newburg,  in  Burks  County,  England, 
in  1659.  ^^  ^669  he  went  to  Barbados,  thence  to  New 
England  and  finally  settled  on  Kent  Island,  in  Maryland  in 
1670.  A  few  years  later  his  wife  and  three  children  joined 
him  in  his  new  home  on  the  Isle  of  Kent.  Soon  after  their 
arrival,  Nicholas  Goldsborough  died.  His  widow  married 
George  Robins,  of  Talbot  County,  in  1672.  The  children 
of  Nicholas  Goldsborough  and  his  wife,  Margaret  (Howes) 


294  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Goldsborough,  were  Robert,  Nicholas  and  Judith.  Robert 
married,  September  2,  1697,  Elizabeth  Greenbury,  daughter 
of  Col.  Nicholas  Greenbury  and  Ann,  his  wife,  of  Greenbury 
Point,  near  Annapolis,  Md.  They  settled  at  "Ashbey,"  in 
Talbot  County,  and  had  a  large  family.  Their  son,  Charles 
Goldsborough,  who  was  Clerk  of  Dorchester  County  Court 
from  1727  to  1738,  married,  July  18,  1730,  Elizabeth  Ennalls, 
sister  of  Col.  William  and  Joseph  Ennalls,  of  Dorchester 
County.  After  her  death,  he  married  Elizabeth  Dickinson, 
of  Philadelphia.  By  his  first  wife,  Elizabeth  Ennalls,  he  had 
two  children,  viz:  Robert  Goldsborough  and  Elizabeth 
Goldsborough.  Robert,  who  was  bom  December  3,  1733, 
was  educated  in  England  and  became  a  distinguished  lawyer 
and  statesman;  was  appointed  a  Delegate  to  the  Continen- 
tal Congress  by  several  conventions  of  Maryland,  which  were 
held  at  Annapolis.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Safety  and  also  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Mary- 
land in  1776.  He  married  in  England,  March  27,  1755, 
Sarah  Yerbury,  daughter  of  Richard  Yerbury,  of  Bassing 
Hall  Street,  London.  They  came  to  Maryland  and  settled 
in  Cambridge.  He  owned  and  lived  on  the  "Point,"  the  prc^ 
erty  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Eliza  Hayward.  From  his  family 
of  twelve  children  we  trace  two  notable  branches  of  his  line. 
His  eldest  son,  William  Goldsborough,  inherited  the  "Point," 
which  he  sold  to  James  Steele  and  moved  to  Frederick 
County,  Md.  He  married  Miss  Sarah  Worthington,  daugh- 
ter of  Col.  Nicholas  Worthington,  of  Anne  Arundel  County. 
Another  son  of  Hon.  Robert  Goldsborough  was  Dr.  Rich- 
ard Goldsborough,  of  Cambridge,  who  married  Achsah 
Worthington,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  William  Goldsborough,  his 
brother's  wife.  Dr.  Goldsborough  lived  in  Cambridge  and 
practiced  medicine,  he  was  a  large  land  owner,  and  had  a 
large  family.  One  of  his  sons  was  Hon.  Brice  John  Golds- 
borough, who,  for  many  years,  was  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  and  in  i86i>  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Thomas  Holli- 
day  Hicks  to  the  Bench  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  for  Mary- 


THE  GOLDSBOROUGHS  295 

land,  and  in  1862  was  elected  to  the  same  position  by  a  large 
majority  over  his  competitor,  Mr.  James  B.  Groom,  of  Cecil 
County.  While  '^  member  of  the  Court  he  died  in  July, 
1867.  He  married  Leah  Goldsborough,  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  James  Goldsborough,  his  cousin,  of  Talbot  County. 
They  had  two  sons,  James  Richard  Goldsborough, 
now  living  in  Kentucky,  and  M.  Worthing^on  Golds- 
borough, now  a  Pay  Inspector,  U.  S.  Navy,  who  entered  the 
service  on  September  30,  1862,  as  Acting  Assistant  Pay- 
master; was  made  Assistant  Paymaster  in  1864;  promoted  to 
Paymaster  May,  1866;  and  made  Pay  Inspector  November 
24,  1891.  His  first  duty  was  on  the  U.  S.  S.  "Southfield,"  on 
the  sounds  of  North  Carolina;  second,  U.  S.  S.  "St.  Law- 
rence;" third,  U.  S.  S.  "Shamrock;"  fourth,  U.  S.  S.  "Con- 
stitution," at  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis;  fifth,  Washington 
Navy  Yard;  sixth,  U.  S.  S.  "Omaha,"  Pacific  Station;  sev- 
enth, U.  S.  Coast  Survey  from  October,  1876,  to  March, 
1881;  eighth,  U.  S.  S.  "Brooklyn,"  South  Atlantic  Station; 
ninth,  Navy  Yard,  League  Island,  Pa.;  next  at  Pay  Office, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.;  tenth,  U,  S.  S.  "San  Francisco"  and 
U.  S.  S.  "Charleston,"  of  the  Pacific  and  Asiatic  Station,  and 
in  1893,  was  ordered  to  the  Naval  Academy,  where  he  was 
retired  on  the  ninth  of  October,  1896,  having  reached  the 
age  limit,  sixty-two  years.  During  the  Spanish-American 
War,  he  was  on  volunteer  duty  at  Norfolk,  Va.;  and  after 
the  death  of  Pay  Inspector  Loomis,  was  ordered  to  the  Naval 
Academy,  where  he  is  now  on  duty.  Paymaster  Goldsbor- 
ough married  Miss  Nettie  M.  Jones,  daughter  of  Samuel  W, 
Jones,  of  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md.  They  have 
four  sons  living,  viz :  Dr.  B.  W.  Coldsborough  and  Hon.  P. 
L.  Goldsborough,  of  Cambridge;  Dr.  Martin  W.  Golds- 
borough, of  Princess  Anne,  Md.,  and  M.  R.  Goldsborough, 
Assistant  Paymaster,  U.  S.  Navy,  now  attached  to  the 
U.  S.  S.  "Rainbow,"  of  the  Asiatic  Station  at  Manila,  P.  I. 

The  following  is  the  direct  line  of  descent  of  this  family : 

I.  Nicholas  Goldsborough. 


296  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

2.  Robert  Goldsborough. 

3.  Charles  Goldsborough. 

4.  Hon.  Robert  Goldsborough,  Barrister. 

5.  Dr.  Richard  Goldsborough. 

6.  Hon.  Brice  J.  Goldsborough. 

7.  Worthington  Goldsborough. 

8.  Dr.  B.  W.  and  P.  L.  Goldsborough. 

9.  Phillips  L.  Goldsborough,  Jr. 

Dr.  Brice  W.  Goldsborough,  the  eldest  son,  is  an  eminent 
physician  and  skillful  surgeon,  now  actively  engaged  in  his 
profession  at  Cambridge ;  he  married  Miss  Nannie  C.  Henry, 
daughter  of  Dr.  James  Winfield  Henry,  also  of  Cambridge; 
they  have  four  daughters,  Annie  W.,  Etta,  Laura  D.  and 
Mary  Campbell. 

Hon.  Phillips  Lee  Goldsborough,  the  next  son  of  Pay- 
master Goldsborough,  is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1889.  In  189 1  be  was  nominated  and 
elected  State's  Attorney  for  Dorchester  County  and  reelected 
in  1895;  this  place  he  resigned  when  elected  Comptroller 
of  the  State  of  Maryland  in  1897.  While  at  the  head  of  this 
office  for  two  years,  the  finances  of  the  State  were  never 
previously  managed  more  judiciously  or  more  satisfactorily 
to  all  the  people  of  the  State,  irrespective  of  party  or  corpo- 
rate organizations.  He  married  Miss  Ellen  Showell,  of  Ber- 
lin, Somerset  County,  Md.,  the  daughter  of  .     They 

have  two  sons,  Phillips  Lee  Goldsborough,  Jr.,  and  Brice  W. 
Goldsborough,  Jr. 

The  other  branch  of  the  Goldsboroughs  that  lived  in  Dor- 
chester County  were  the  large  family  and  descendants  of 
Gov.  Charles  Goldsborough,  who  lived  at  Shoal  Creek,  near 
Cambridge.  Gov.  Goldsborough's  first  wife  was  Elizabeth 
Goldsborough,  daughter  of  Robert  Goldsborough,  of  "Myrtle 
Grove,"  Talbot  County,  and  his  second  wife  was  Sarah  T. 
Goldsborough,  daughter  of  Charles  Goldsborough,  of  "Horn's 
Point,"  and  brother  of  Dr.  Richard  Goldsborough,  of  Cam- 
bridge, sons  of  Hon.  Robert  Goldsborough,  of  the  "Point" 


THE  GOLDSBOROUGHS  297 

They  had  a  large  family.  William  T.  Goldsborough,  who  at 
one  time  lived  at  "Horn's  Point/'  was  their  oldest  son;  R. 
Tilghman  Goldsborough  and  Charles  F.  Goldsborough,  who 
was  Associate  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  in  the  First  Judi- 
cial District,  were  the  other  sons.  None  of  the  sons  or 
daughters  of  Governor  Goldsborough  are  now  living.  The 
youngest  son,  Judge  Charles  F.  Goldsborough,  died  in  1892, 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  on  the  Bench. 

One  of  the  first  Goldsboroughs  who  came  to  Dorchester 
County  was  John  Goldsborough,  the  son  of  John  Goldsbo- 
rough, of  Talbot  County.  He  married  his  cousin,  Caroline 
Goldsborough.  He  was  Deputy  Commissary  of  Dorchester 
County  under  the  Provincial  Government,  and  after  the  Rev- 
olution, was  for  many  years  Register  of  Wills  for  the  county. 

In  every  generation  of  the  Goldsboroughs  since  the  arrival 
of  Nicholas  Goldsborough  in  Maryland,  some  of  them  have 
been  prominent  in  public  affairs,  which  has  given  the  name  a 
high  reputation  that  history  claims  with  partial  pride. 

The  late  deceased  and  surviving  members  of  the  latter 
generations  have  honored  their  ancestors  with  marked  dis- 
tinction in  political,  professional  and  social  life. 

I 

HON.   PHILLIPS   LEE  GOLDSBOROUGH. 

Hon.  P.  L.  Goldsborough,  of  Cambridge  Md.,  is  one  of 
the  rising  young  men  of  the  day  in  the  Republican  party  on 
the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.  He  is  the  son  of  M.  Worth- 
ington  Goldsborough,  Pay  Inspector  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  and 
Henrietta  Maria  (Jones)  Goldsborough.  After  completing 
his  education,  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  the  Honorable 
Daniel  M.  Henry,  Jr.,  of  Cambridge.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  Bar  of  Maryland  at  Cambridge  when  about  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  and  later,  to  practice  his  profession  before  the 
Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State.  After  serving  as  Paymaster's 
Clerk  in  the  Navy,  at  San  Francisco,  for  some  time  under 
his  father,  he  returned  to  Cambridge  in  1890,  when  he  began 


298  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

to  practice  his  profession  there.  In  the  fall  of  1891  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Republican  Party  for  the  office  of  State's 
Attorney  of  Dorchester  County,  to  which  he  was  elected. 
Four  years  later  he  was  renominated  and  elected  by  a  hand- 
some majority. 

In  1895  he  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  Congress  in  the 
First  District.  In  1896  he  was  a  strong  candidate  for  the 
United  States  Senate  before  the  General  Assembly  of  Mary- 
land, but  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  only  four  majority  against 
him-. 

At  the  Republican  State  Convention  in  1897  he  was  nom- 
inated for  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  of  the  State  of  Mary- 
land, and  elected  by  seven  thousand  majority. 

In  1895  he  began  to  publish  a  weekly  newspaper  at  Cam- 
bridge, the  Dorchester  Standard,  a  Republican  organ  which 
he  edited  and  published  until  1901,  when  hie  sold  it  to 
Thomas  S.  Latimer,  the  present  editor  and  proprietor. 

Mr.  Goldsborough  is  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State 
Central  Committee  of  Maryland  and  an  influential  party 
leader  in  the  State.  He  is  a  popular  member  of  several 
social  and  political  clubs  and  a  vestryman  of  Christ's  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church  in  Cambridge. 

In  June,  1902,  he  was  nominated  by  President  Roosevelt 
for  the  office  of  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  at  Baltimore, 
for  the  District  of  Maryland  and  Delaware.  On  July  i,  he 
relieved  Collector  B.  F.  Parlett,  and  entered  upon  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties  as  Revenue  Collector. 

In  1893  Mr.  Goldsborough  married  Miss  Ellen  Showell, 
daughter  of  the  late  William  M.  Showell,  of  Berlin,  Worces- 
ter County,  Md.  They  have  two  surviving  children,  Phil- 
lips Lee  Goldsborough,  Jr.,  and  Brice  W.  Goldsborough,  Jr. 


THE   HENRYS  299 

THE  HENRY  FAMILY. 


Ool2>0botoudlv1)enti2  Brme. 

From  the  memoirs  of  Hon.  John  Henry,  of  Dorchester 
County,  we  have  been  permitted  by  one  of  his  gjeat-grand- 
sons  to  copy  extracts : 

Of  the  paternal  ancestors  of  Hon.  John  Henry,  the  first 
who  emigrated  to  this  country  was  the  Rev.  John  Henry,  a 
Presbyterian  minister,  who,  it  is  said,  "stood  high,  not  only 
as  a  divine,  but  also  as  a  citizen."  He  came  from  Ireland 
about  the  year  1700  and  settled  at  or  near  Rehoboth,  on  the 
Pocomoke  River  in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  reside  until  his  death  in  I7i;[.  I  know  nothing  of 
his  family  history  prior  to  his  arrival  in  this  country.  Some 
years  after  his  settlement  at  Rehoboth,  he  married  Mary 
Jenkins,  widow  of  Francis  Jenkins.  Col.  Jenkins  having  no 
children  gave  her  by  his  will  what  was  in  those  days  consid- 
ered an  immense  estate.  Her  maiden  name  was  King.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  Sir  Robert  King,  an  Irish  Baronet,  and 
is  generally  known  by  tradition  and  in  public  records  of  Som- 
erset County  as  Madam  Hampton,  having  married,  after  the 
death  of  Mr.  Henry,  her  second  husband,  Rev.  John  Hamp- 
ton, also  a  Presbyterian  minister.  She  was  an  accomplished 
woman  of  many  virtues  and  was  sometimes  called  "a  great 
woman."*     She  had  no  children,  except  by  her  marriage 


•Sec  letter  on  "Early  History  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  America," 
by  Irving  Spencer,  p.  97,  ch.  55. 


300  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

with  Mr.  Henry,  by  whom  she  left  two  sons,  Francis  Jenkins 
Henry  and  John  Henry.  Both  of  these  sons  afterwards 
became  prominent  and  important  citizens  and  took  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs.  She  survived  Mr.  Hampton  also  for 
a  number  of  years  and  died  in  1744.  I  do  not  know  whom 
Francis  Jenkins,  the  elder  of  her  sons,  married,  but  he  left 
children,  and  many  of  his  descendants  are  living  in  Mary- 
land and  elsewhere,  influential  and  respected.  John,  the 
younger,  known  as  Col.  John  Henry,  married  Dorothy 
Rider,  youngest  daughter  of  Col.  John  Rider,  who  was  a 
gentleman  of  wealth  and  respectability.  As  Col.  John  Rider 
was  the  maternal  grandfather  of  Governor  Henry,  it  may  be 
well  to  give  some  account  of  his  family. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  John  Rider,  of  England,  and  Anne, 
only  child  of  Col.  Hutchins.  Col.  Hutchins  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers  in  Dorchester  County,  and  displayed  great 
judgment  in  selecting  and  securing  large  tracts  of  valuable 
land.  He  became  wealthy  and  built  the  large  brick  house 
at  "Weston,"  which  afterwards  became  the  home  of  the  John 
Henry  branch  of  the  Henry  family.  His  daughter  was  sent 
to  England  to  be  educated  and  after  the  completion  of  her 
education,  he  was  anxiously  awaiting  her  return.  In  those 
days  there  was  considerable  direct  trade  between  the  town  of 
Vienna,  on  the  Nanticoke  River,  six  miles  above  "Weston." 
and  England,  and  when  the  vessel  in  which  his  daughter  was 
expected  anchored  in  front  of  his  house,  he  felt  sure  that 
she  was  on  board;  but  instead  of  this  he  received  her  minia- 
ture and  a  letter  informing  him  that  she  was  engaged  to 
marry  Mr.  John  Rider.  In  his  disappointment,  he  became 
very  angry  and  threw  the  miniature  in  the  fire,  but  it  was 
rescued  by  some  one  before  it  was  seriously  injured,  and,  I 
think,  it  is  still  in  the  possession  of  one  of  her  descendants. 
She  married  Mr.  Rider  in  England  about  1685,  and  their  son, 
since  known  as  Col.  John  Rider,  was  bom  there  October  30, 
1686,  They  afterwards  sailed  for  America,  but  both  she  and 
her  husband  died  on  the  voyage,  leaving  their  son  surviving 


THE  HENRYS  30I 

them.  He  was  received  by  his  grandfather,  and  at  his  death, 
inherited  all  his  property.  Col.  Hutchins  died  in  1699. 
From  him  descended  in  the  female  line,  the  Steeles,  of  Mary- 
land, as  well  as  our  branch  of  the  Henry  family.     *     *     * 

Col.  John  Rider  (grandson  of  Col.  Hutchins)  married  on 
January  23,  1706,  Annie  Hicks,  of  Dorchester  County,  and 
died  February  16,  1749.  *  *  *  He  left  one  son,  Charles, 
and  three  daughters,  Sarah,  Anne  and  Dorothy,  surviving 
him.  His  son  died  unmarried  about  two  years  later.  Of 
his  daughters,  Sarah,  the  eldest,  married  James  Billings,  a 
merchant  of  Oxford,  Md.  Anne  married  Thomas  Nevett, 
the  father  of  John  Rider  Nevett,  and  Dorothy,  Col.  John 
Henry,  as  before  stated. 

Henry  Steele,  an  English  gentleman,  at  that  time  of 
Oxford,  Md.,  afterwards  nearest  neighbor  of  Governor 
Henry,  in  Dorchester,  married  a  daughter  of  James  Billings, 
whose  name  is  also  retained  in  the  Steele  family,  and  her 
son,  James  Steele,  married  Mary  Nevett,  granddaughter  of 
Thomas  and  daughter  of  John  Rider  Nevett.  The  Nevetts, 
Billingses  and  Steeles  were  all  refined  and  cultivated  people, 
as  may  be  discovered  from  their  letters  and  other  writings 
still  in  existence.  The  Nevetts  and  Billingses,  I  believe,  are 
now  extinct  in  the  male  line.  The  name  Nevett  still  sur- 
vives in  several  members  of  the  Steele  family. 

Col.  John  Henry  died  in  1781.  He  had  four  sons  and 
five  daughters,  nearly  all  of  whom  survive  him.  His  son,  John 
Henry,  afterwards  U.  S.  Senator,  Governor,  etc.,  was  born 
in  November,  1750,  at  "Weston,"  the  residence  of  his  father, 
in  Dorchester  County.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  West 
Nottingham  Academy,  in  Cecil  County,  Md.,  under  the 
direction  of  Rev.  Samuel  Finley,  D.D.,  and  later,  was  sent 
to  Princeton  College,  where  he  graduated  about  1769.  After 
this  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  law  for  several  years 
in  this  country  and  then  went  to  England,  where  he  remained 
about  two  years  and  a  half,  engaged  in  prosecuting  his  law 
studies  in  the  Temple.  While  in  England,  the  issues  between 


3Q2  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  CX)UNTY 

the  colonies  and  the  mother  country  grew  warmer  day  by 
day  and  excited  intense  feeling  and  anxiety.  They  were  a 
frequent  subject  of  conversation,  and  led  to  animated  dis- 
cussions in  the  Robin  Hood  Club,  of  which  he  was  a  member. 
He  took  part  in  these  discussions  and  zealously  defended 
the  rights  of  the  colonies.  He  left  England  in  1775  and 
upon  arriving  at  home,  thoroughly  educated  and  popular,  he 
was  almost  immediately  elected  by  the  people  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  Maryland.  In  1777  he  was  sent  to  the 
Continental  Congress  and  remained  by  successive  reelec- 
tions,  almost  continuously  a  member  of  that  body  until  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  Mr.  Henry  was 
elected  U.  S.  Senator  for  the  term  commencing  March  4, 
1789,  and  upon  its  expiration,  was  reelected  for  the  term 
commejndngj  March  4,  1795,  but  afterwards  resigned  to 
accept  the  office  of  Governor  of  Maryland,  which  he  held  for 
the  year  1798.  *  *  *  He  resigned  the  office  of  Gov- 
ernor on  account  of  ill-health  and  returned  to  "Weston,"  his 
estate  on  the  Nanticoke,  where  he  died  in  November,  1798. 
He  married,  March  6,  1787,  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  Campbell,  of  Caroline  County,  Md.  I  know  noth- 
ing of  Mr.  Campbell,  except  by  tradition,  that  he  was  an 
intelligent  and  respected  citizen.  The  maiden  name  of  his 
wife  was  Goldsborough.     *     *     * 

Gov.  John  Henry  was  a  gentleman  and  citizen  of  the  first 
rank  in  private  and  public  life.  His  fine  physical  appearance 
and  polished  manners  made  him  the  centre  of  social  attrac- 
tion wherever  he  mingled  with  the  people;  his  preeminent 
legal  attainments  and  thorough  knowledge  of  public  affairs 
at  home  and  abroad  placed  him  first  in  public  estimation,  and 
the  people  chose  him  to  represent  them  in  every  public  affair 
where  strong  influence  and  leadership  were  most  needed  to 
guide  Maryland  through  the  dark  hours  of  the  Revolutionary 
conflict,  and  to  secure  her  sovereign  rights  under  the  Con- 
stitution as  a  State  in  the  Federal  compact.     Well  may  his 


THE  HENRYS  3^3 

living  descendants  and  kindred  of  to-day  be  proud  of  an 
ancestor  who  served  his  State  and  country  in  the  Continen- 
tal Congress  for  six  years;  eight  years  in  the  United  States 
Senate  and  Governor  of  Maryland  as  long  as  his  health 
would  permit.  In  the  U.  S.  Senate  he  was  the  colleague 
of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  and  the  peer  of  any  Senator. 
His  services  were  in  universal  demand.  On  December  19, 
1783,  he  headed  the  Senate  Committee  to  prepare  the  House 
for  the  reception  of  General  Washington,  and  to  prepare  an 
address  to  present  to  him  on  his  arrival  at  Annapolis  to 
resign  his  command  of  the  Continental  Army. 

During  the  Revolutionary  War,  when  the  British  kept  a 
fleet  of  armed  vessels  and  barges  in  Chesapeake  Bay  for  plun- 
dering the  homes  and  destroying  the  property  of  the  colo- 
nists who  lived  near  the  Bay  or  navigable  rivers,  in  October, 
1780,  they  sent  an  expedition  up  the  Nanticoke  that  captured 
the  town  of  Vienna,  looted  the  stores  and  burned  a  new  brig 
there.  On  their  way  down  the  river  they  stopped  at  the 
home  of  Col.  John  Henry,  member  of  Congress,  and  burned 
his  house  and  furniture.  Only  the  Colonel  and  his  servants 
were  at  home.  As  the  enemy  approached  he  retired  to  a 
neighbor's  house  where  he  had  removed  his  plate  and  valu- 
able papers.  Fortunately  he  was  not  then  captured  by  that 
devastating  force  of  plunderers  who  had  threatened  to  take 
his  life.  They  took  away  one  negro  man  from  Mr.  Henry's 
place  and  another  from  Mr.  Steele,  who  was  a  near  neighbor. 

Governor  Henry  left  two  sons,  John  Campbell  Henry,  born 
December  6,  1787,  and  Francis  Jenkins  Henry,  born  in  1789. 
His  wife  died  about  a  month  after  the  birth  of  her  younger 
son,  and  he  remained  a  widower  until  his  death.  His  sons, 
after  attending  various  schools  in  the  State,  were  sent  some 
years  after  his  death,  by  their  guardian,  to  Princeton  Col- 
lege, where  they  completed  their  education.  Francis  Jen- 
kins, the  youngest,  died  unmarried  soon  after  his  arrival  at 
age.     *     *      * 


304  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   CX)UNTY 

The  Other  son,  John  Campbell  Henry,  on  April  21,  1808, 
married  Mary  Nevett  Steele,  eldest  daughter  of  James  and 
Mary  Steele.  I.  Nevett  Steele,  of  Baltimore,  who  was  a 
distinguished  lawyer  and  Dr.  Charles  Hutchins  Steele,  of 
West  River,  Md.,  were  her  brothers.  Mary  Steele,  her 
mother  and  wife  of  James  Steele,  was  the  only  daughter  of 
John  Rider  Nevett,  by  his  marriage  with  Sarah  Maynadier, 
a  daughter  of  Rev.  Daniel  Maynadier,  a  minister  of  the 
Church  of  England  and  rector  of  Great  Choptank  Parish  in 
Dorchester  County  for  many  years  and  until  his  death.  He 
was  a  son  of  Rev.  Daniel  Maynadier,  a  French  Huguenot, 
who  fled  from  Languedoc  after  the  revocation  of  the  edict 
of  Nantes,  first  to  England  and  thence  to  this  country.  He 
settled  in  Talbot  County  and  became  rector  of  White  Marsh 
Parish.  John  Rider  Nevett  was  unfortunately  drowned 
April  13,  1772,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  years,  by  the  cap- 
sizing of  a  schooner  in  Choptank  River,  while  on  his  way  to 
Annapolis.  *  *  *  His  widow  married  Dr.  James  Mur- 
ray and  removed  to  Annapolis.  They  left  two  sons,  Daniel 
and  James,  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom  were  distin- 
guished by  intelligence,  cultivation  and  high  social  position. 
One  of  the  daughters  married  Governor  and  U.  S.  Senator 
Edward  Lloyd,  of  Talbot  County;  another  became  the  wife 
of  Hon.  Richard  Rush,  of  Philadelphia,  whose  distinguished 
career  is  so  well  known,  and  the  other  became  the  wife  of 
Gen.  John  Mason,  of  Virginia,  and  the  grandmother  of  Gen. 
Fitzhugh  Lee,  late  Governor  of  Virginia. 

John  Campbell  Henry  died  in  his  seventieth  year,  April 
i>  1857,  at  "Hambrook,"  his  beautiful  residence  on  Choptank 
River,  a  short  distance  below  Cambridge.  He  never  sought 
public  office,  and  having  been  appointed  one  of  the  Gov- 
ernor's council,  soon  resigned.  Other  public  places  of  prom- 
inence he  preferred  not  to  accept,  but  devoted  himself  to  the 
duties  of  private  life,  and  only  served  the  public  in  local  posi- 
tions. He  was  an  intelligent  gentleman  of  sound  judgment 
and  strict  integrity,  though  reserved  in  his  manners,  yet  he 


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•  ••• 


THE   HENRYS  30S 

was  fond  of  bright  and  refined  society  and  his  home  was 
always  the  seat  of  generous  but  unassuming  hospitality.  His 
widow  siu^ved  him  many  years  and  died  November  20, 
1873,  at  the  age  of  84  years. 

Mr.  Henry  left  four  sons  and  four  daughters  who  survived 
him,  namely:  Dr.  James  Winfield,  Francis  Jenkins,  Daniel 
Maynadier  and  Rider,  and  Kitty,  Isabella,  Elizabeth,  Mary 
and  Charlotte  A.  P. 

James  Winfield,  the  eldest  son,  studied  medicine  in  Phil- 
adelphia and  successfully  practiced  his  profession  for  many 
years  at  Cambridge.  He  never  sought  public  office.  In 
March,  1841,  he  married  Anna  Maria,  youngest  daughter  of 
Levin  H.  Campbell,  Esq.  Dr.  Henry  died  in  1889.  Of  his 
children,  James  Winfield  is  a  prominent  and  prosperous  bus- 
iness man  in  Baltimore  City.  Daniel  M.  was  a  leading  law- 
yer at  the  Cambridge  Bar,  and  was  elected  State's  Attorney 
in  1879.  He  married,  in  1881,  Miss  Martha  H.  Adkins, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Adkins,  of  Easton,  Md.  Mr.  Henry  died 
of  typhoid  fever  in  1889,  in  the  prime  of  his  manhood,  when 
hope  was  highest  and  life  was  dearest.  He  was  admired  and 
esteemed  by  a  host  of  devoted  friends. 

Miss  Nannie  C.  Henry,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Henry,  married 
Dr.  B.  W.  Goldsborough,  a  prominent  physician  in  active 
practice  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  October  29,  1884. 

Francis  Jenkins  Henry  has  had  large  experience  in  public 
office;  at  one  time  was  Postmaster  of  Cambridge.  He  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  Dorchester  County  in 
185 1  and  held  the  office  by  successive  reelections  until  1879, 
covering  a  period  of  twenty-eight  years.  His  aflfable  man- 
ner and  cheerful  accommodation  shown  to  all  who  had  offi- 
cial business  with  him  at  the  Court  House,  and  his  social 
intercourse  unofficially  with  the  town  and  county  people, 
made  him  the  most  popular  Court  Clerk  ever  elected  in  Dor- 
chester County. 


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•  • 

•  •• 


306  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

DEATH  OF  THE  OLDEST  CITIZEN. 

Col.  Francis  J.  Henry,  the  oldest  resident  of  Cambridge, 
and  one  of  the  best  known  citizens  of  Dorchester,  died  at  his 
home  on  Locust  Street,  Tuesday  evening  at  7  o'clock,  aged 
85  years.  Up  to  three  years  ago.  Colonel  Henry  enjoyed 
good  health,  until  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis  while  on  a 
trip  to  Baltimore,  since  which  time  he  had  been  gradually 
failing  until  the  end  came.  He  was  born  at  Hansell,  in 
Vienna  District,  Dorchester  County,  on  August  12,  18 16, 
and  was  the  son  of  John  Campbell  and  Mary  Nevett  Henry 
and  grandson  of  John  Henry,  Governor  of  Maryland,  United 
States  Senator  and  member  of  the  Continental  Congress.  He 
married  Wilhelmina  Goldsborough,  of  Dorchester  County, 
who  died  about  fifteen  years  ago.  He  is  survived  by 
four  sons  and  four  daughters,  namely :  John  C.  Henry,  of 
New  Orleans;  R.  G.  Henry,  ex-Postmaster  and  now  Mayor 
of  Cambridge;  Nicholas  G.  Henry,  of  the  Hydrographic 
Office,  Washington,  D.  C;  Hampton  Henry,  of  Cambridge; 
Mrs.  John  Spence,  of  New  Market;.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Golds- 
borough,  of  San  Francisco;  Mrs.  Annie  O.  B.  Steele  and  Wil- 
helmina Muse,  of  Cambridge.  The  funeral  was  at  the  resi- 
dence Thursday  afternoon,  conducted  by  Revs.  T.  C.  Page 
and  Jas.  L.  Bryan,  of  the  P.  E.  Church. 

Colonel  Henry  was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Dorches- 
ter for  twenty-eight  years,  being  first  elected  to  that  position 
in  1 85 1,  and  was  considered  one  of  the  most  popular  officials 
who  ever  held  that  office.  He  was  defeated  in  1879  by  the 
present  incumbent,  Mr.  Charles  Lake,  after  a  spirited  contest. 
— Dorchester  Era, 

In  1836  he  married  the  youngest  daughter  of  Robert 
Goldsborough,  Esq.,  of  Cambridge.  She  died  in  1881.  Eight 
children  survived  her.  The  oldest  son,  John  Campbell,  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  in  1861,  raised  a  company  of  volun- 
teers for  the  Federal  Army,  known  as  Company  A,  of  which 
he  was  Captain,  in  the  First  Eastern  Shore  Regiment  of 
Infantry.     As  a  citizen  of  Maryland,  influenced  by  Southern 


THE   HENRYS  307 

interests  and  social  intercourse,  Captain  Henry  decided  to 
cast  his  lot  as  a  soldier  in  the  war  with  the  South  in  her 
battles  for  independence.  He  then  resigned  his  command  in 
the  Federal  Army,  went  South  and  served  with  distinction 
in  the  Confederate  Army;  was  engaged  in  many  battles  and 
wounded  five  times.  It  was  his  good  fortune  to  survive  all 
conflicts  of  the  war  and  after  its  close,  returned  to  his  native 
State  and  town  to  join  his  father's  family  and  devoted  friends. 

Another  son,  Robert  Goldsborough  Henry,  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  and  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Cambridge,  and  was  for- 
merly Deputy  Court  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  Dorches- 
ter County  for  thirteen  years,  and  Postmaster  of  Cambridge, 
under  President  Cleveland,  1893-97.  Previously  he  was,  for 
a  number  of  years.  Secretary  to  the  Chief  of  the  Torpedo 
Division  in  the  Navy  of  the  Argentine  Republic.  May  20, 
1875,  Mr.  Henry  married  Miss  Julia  M.  Muse,  daughter  of 
Dr.  James  A.  Muse,  of  Cambridge.  Nicholas  G.  Henry, 
another  son,  is  connected  with  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic 
Survey  Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Daniel  M.  Henry,  a  brother  of  Francis  Jenkins  Henry,  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession  and  practiced  at  Cambridge.  He 
represented  Dorchester  County  in  both  branches  of  the  State 
Legislature  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives of  the  United  States  in  1875  for  two  terms. 
He  was  twice  married,  first  in  November,  1845,  ^^  Henri- 
etta Maria,  youngest  daughter  of  Gov.  Charles  Golds- 
borough,  of  Shoal  Creek,  Dorchester  County.  She  died  in 
December,  1846.  He  next  married  Susan  Elizabeth,  only 
daughter  of  William  Goldsborough,  Esq.,  of  "Myrtle  Grove," 
Talbot  County,  Md.,  and  granddaughter  of  Hon.  Robert  H. 
Goldsborough,  twice  U.  S.  Senator  from  Maryland,  and  also 
granddaughter  of  Gov.  Charles  Goldsborough,  above  men- 
tioned. The  blood  relationship  between  these  two  dis- 
tinguished gentlemen  was  distant. 

Mr.  Daniel  M.  Henry  was  a  gentleman  of  fine  legal  attain- 
ments, unassuming  and  modest  in  his  demeanor,  with  such 
refined  and  tender  sympathies  that  he  neglected  self  to  serve 


308  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Others.  Honor  and  honesty  were  jewels  that  crowned  his 
useful  work  in  public  and  private  life. 

Of  his  sons,  W.  Laird  Henry  is  an  attomey-at-law  at  the 
Cambridge  Bar  and  an  ex-Congressman,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  Fifty-third  Congress.  He  married  the  widow 
of  Hon.  D.  M.  Henry,  Jr.,  in  1894. 

Maynadier  Henry,  a  brother  of  W.  Laird,  entered  the 
realm  of  manhood  with  bright  prospects  of  a  useful  career, 
but  while  in  the  employment  of  the  National  Bank  of  Cam- 
bridge, he  became  the  victim  of  a  fatal  disease  and  died  in 
1892. 

Rider  Henry  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and  holds  an 
official  position  connected  with  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Kitty  Henry  married  Daniel  Lloyd,  youngest  son  of 
Governor  and  U.  S.  Senator  Edward  Lloyd,  of  Talbot 
County.  She  died  in  April,  1886,  leaving  three  children, 
two  daughters  and  a  son,  Henry  Lloyd,  who  was  elected 
State  Senator  in  1881,  and  elected  President  of  the  Senate, 
became  Governor  in  1885  by  the  resignation  of  Gov.  Robert 
McLain.  In  1892  he  was  appointed  Associate  Judge  of  the 
First  Judicial  Circuit  after  the  death  of  Judge  Charles  F. 
Goldsborough,  and  was  elected  Associate  Judge  in  Novem- 
ber, 1893,  for  the  term  of  sixteen  years,  and  is  still  on  the 
Bench. 

Isabella  Elizabeth  Henry,  in  June,  1850,  married  Dr. 
Thomas  B.  Steele,  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Navy, 
from  which  he  resigned  and  for  the  last  forty  years  has  been  a 
leading  practitioner  of  medicine  at  Cambridge,  Md.  They 
have  two  surviving  children,  a  daughter  and  son.  Dr.  Guy 
Steele,  a  young  physician  and  surgeon  of  prominence  now 
located  in  Cambridge. 

Mary  Henry,  in  April,  1848,  married  R.  Tilghman  Golds- 
borough,  a  son  of  Gov.  Charles  Goldsborough.  No  children 
by  this  marriage. 

Charlotte  A.  P.  Henry  married  in  1852,  Hon.  Charles  F. 
Goldsborough,  a  son  of  Gov.  Charles  Goldsborough.  He 
held    important    offices;    State's    Attorney    for   Dorchester 


THE   HICKS  309 

County;  State  Senator,  and  was  elected  Associate  Judge  of 
the  Court,  First  Judicial  Circuit,  in  1879.  He  died  in  1892, 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  on  the  Bench.  No  surviv- 
ing children  by  this  marriage.     His  widow  is  still  living. 

In  closing  this  sketch  of  the  Henry  family  it  is  worthily 
due  their  living  descendants  to  note  the  high  esteem  in  which 
Gov.  John  Henry  was  held  by  quoting  a  paragraph  of  a  letter 
written  to  him  by  the  illustrious  statesman,  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son, of  Virginia.  The  subject  I  withhold.  *****  j 
have  gone,  my  dear  sir,  into  this  lengthy  detail  to  satisfy  a 
mind  in  the  candor  and  rectitude  of  which  I  have  the  highest 
confidence.  So  far  as  you  may  incline  to  use  the  communi- 
cation for  rectifying  the  judgments  of  those  who  are  willing 
to  see  things  truly  as  they  are,  you  are  free  to  use  it,  but  I 
pray  no  confidence  you  may  repose  in  anyone  may  induce  you 
to  let  it  go  out  of  your  hands  so  as  to  get  into  a  newspaper, 
against  a  contest  in  that  field  I  am  entirely  decided.  I  feel 
extraordinary  gratification  in  addressing  this  letter  to  you, 
with  whom  shades  of  difference  in  political  sentiment  have 
not  prevented  the  interchange  of  good  opinion,  nor  cut  off 
the  friendly  intercourse  of  society  and  good  correspondence. 
This  political  tolerance  is  the  more  valued  by  me  who  con- 
sider social  harmony  as  the  first  of  human  felicities,  and  the 
happiest  moments  those  which  are  given  to  the  effusion  of 
the  heart.  Accept  them  sincerely,  I  pray  you,  from  one  who, 
with  sentiments  of  high  respect  and  attachment,  has  the 
honor  to  be,  dear  sir,  your  most  obedient  and  humble  ser- 
vant. Th.  Jefferson." 

THE  HICKS  FAMILY. 

Thomas  Hicks  was  the  first  of  that  name  to  settle  in  Dor- 
chester County.  He  was  a  native  of  White  Haven,  Great 
Britain;  was  bom  in  1659  and  died  in  1722.  He  left  chil- 
dren— 

1.  Levin,  bom  in  1692:  died  in  1732. 

2.  Thomas. 

3.  Annie,  who  married  John  Rider  in  1706. 


3IO  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

SECOND   GENERATION. 

Levin  Hicks  (i),  who  died  in  1732,  left  the  following  chil- 
dren: 

1.  Levin,  bom  in  1713,  died  in  1793;  married  Mary  En- 
nalls,  widow  of  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  daughter  of  Col. 
Henry  Hooper,  January  25,  1744,  O.  S. 

2.  Henry. 

3.  John. 

4.  Denwood. 

5.  Mary. 

6.  Mary. 

THIRD  GENERATION. 

The  children  of  Levin  Hicks  and  Mary  (Ennalls)  (Hooper), 
his  wife,  were; 

1.  Mary,  born  March  5,  1745;  died  1779;  married  Zach- 
ariah  Campbell  in  1765. 

2.  Levin,  bom  Augtist  17,  1748;  died  unmarried. 

The  children  of  Mary  Hicks  and  Zachariah  Campbell  were : 

1.  Mary. 

2.  Isabella. 

3.  Elizabeth. 

4.  Levin  Hicks,  bom  in  1774;  married,  i,  Mary  Troup, 
daughter  of  Dr.  John  Troup,  of  County  Kincardineshire, 
Scotland,  in  1797;  she  died  in  181 1;  2,  married  Anna  Maria 
Davis,  daughter  of  Dr.  William  Worthington  Davis  and  his 
wife,  Margaret  Muse. 

Zachariah  Campbell,  above-named,  came  from  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  prior  to  the  Revolution;  first  settled  in  Virginia, 
and  later  came  to  Vienna  in  Dorchester  County,  Md.  His 
wife,  Mary  Hicks,  was  a  niece  of  Gen.  Henry  Hooper. 

Mary  Hooper  Hicks  survived  her  daughter,  Mary  (Hicks) 
Campbell,  and  son-in-law,  Zachariah  Campbell.  Their  chil- 
dren were  left  to  the  guardianship  of  Dr.  William  Ennalls 
Hooper,  eldest  son  of  Gen.  Henry  Hooper,  a  most  intimate 
friend  and  cousin  to  Mary  Hicks  Campbell,  their  mother. 


THE  HICKS  311 

Levin  Hicks,  before  named,  whose  second  wife  was  Miss 
Anna  Maria  Davis,  left  the  following  named  children  by  her : 

1.  Levin  Hicks,  Jr.,  who  married  Miss  Mary  Jones,  of 
Hagerstown,  Md. 

2.  Anna  Maria,  who  married  Dr.  J.  Winfield  Henry,  of 
Cambridge,  Md.  He  was  a  son  of  John  Campbell  Henry, 
of  "Hambrooks,"  and  Mary  (Steele)  Henry,  his  wife. 

HON.  THOMAS  HOLLIDAY  HICKS. 
{Sketch  Received  from  the  Family.) 

Hon.  Thomas  Holliday  Hicks,  ex-Governor  of  Mary- 
land and  United  States  Senator,  was  bom  near  E^t  New 
Market,  Md.,  on  September  2,  1798;  the  eldest  son  of 
Henry  C.  and  Mary  (Sewell)  Hicks,  who  were  of  English 
and  Scotch  descent,  respectively.  His  father  was  an  exten- 
sive planter  and,  as  was  the  custom  of  his  day,  owned  slaves 
He  was  kind  to  those  under  him,  generous  to  all  in  need, 
charitable  toward  the  erring  and  patriotic  in  citizenship.  He 
and  his  wife  were  identified  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.     In  their  family  were  thirteen  children. 

On  the  family  estate,  four  miles  from  East  New  Market, 
the  subject  of  this  memoir  grew  to  manhood,  meantime  at- 
tending the  local  subscription  schools.  Soon  after  attaining 
his  majority  he  was  made  a  Deputy  Sheriff  and  continued  in 
that  position  until  1824,  when  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  his 
county.  Three  years  later  he  retired  from  office  and  settled 
upon  a  farm  he  had  purchased  on  the  Choptank  River,  during 
his  residence  there,  being  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates.  In  1833  ^^  removed  to  Vienna  and  succeeded 
his  recently  deceased  brother,  Horace  Sewell  Hicks,  in  the 
mercantile  business  and  in  running  boats  to  Baltimore.  For 
several  years  he  was  a  Captain  of  a  cavalry  company  of  the 
State  Militia.  In  the  year  1836,  on  the  Whig  ticket,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  Electoral  College,  which,  under 
the  old  Constitution  of  Marvland,  had  the  election  of  the 
State  Senate  and  the   Governor's   Council.     There  being 


312  HISTORY   OF   DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

twenty-one  Whigs  and  nineteen  Democrats  in  the  College, 
the  election,  requiring  a  two-thirds  vote,  created  a  deadlock 
and  almost  threw  the  State  into  anarchy.  Three  Democrats 
finally  voted  with  the  majority,  a  compromise  was  effected 
and  the  Senate  was  elected. 

While  in  Annapolis  as  a  member  of  the  College  Mr.  Hicks 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  which  during  the  next  session 
passed  measures  making  the  Senate  and  Council  elective  by 
the  people.  In  1837  he  was  a  member  of  the  Governor's 
Council,  and  the  following  year  was  appointed  Register  of 
Wills  for  Dorchester  County  by  Governor  Veazey,  afterward 
being  reappointed  by  successive  Governors  until  the  Consti- 
tution of  185 1  made  the  office  elective.  He  was  a  member  of 
that  convention  though  filling  the  office  of  Representative  at 
the  time. 

On  the  death  of  Mr.  Mitchell,  in  1855,  Mr.  Hicks  was  made 
his  successor  as  Register  of  Wills  and  filled  that  position  altCH 
gether  seventeen  years,  holding  it  until  he  became  Gov- 
ernor. Nominated  by  the  American  party  for  the  position  of 
chief  executive,  he  received  the  election  and  began  his  term 
of  service  January  i,  1857.  It  will  be  remembered  that  his 
administration  covered  a  period  of  vital  importance  in  the 
history  of  our  country,  and  the  efficient  manner  in  which  he 
discharged  every  duty  soon  brought  him  into  national  promi- 
nence. At  that  time  Baltimore  was  in  the  hands  of  a  lawless 
element,  known  as  "Plug-Uglies,"  who  controlled  every  elec- 
tion. Several  respectable  citizens  in  their  efforts  to  take 
political  matters  out  of  their  hands,  succeeded  in  bringing 
the  ringleaders  to  trial  and  convicting  them  of  murder.  Every 
conceivable  influence  was  brought  to  bear  on  Governor  Hicks 
to  induce  him  to  pardon  the  men,  but  he  refused,  and  the 
offenders  were  executed. 

The  unchangeable  decision  of  character  noticeable  at  this 
time  was  still  further  in  evidence  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War,  when  the  whole  State  was  thrown  into  confusion;  fam- 
ilies were  divided  in  opinions  and  life  itself  was  in  constant 
peril.     While  others  were  terrified,  he  stood  firm  and  un- 


THE   HICKS  313 

wavering,  maintaining  his  integrity  to  the  end.  His  firmness 
of  purpose  earned  for  him  the  sobriquet  of  "Old  Caesar." 

However  determined  and  steadfast  in  purpose,  he  was 
withal  kind  and  tender-hearted.  For  his  friends  he  could  not 
do  enough.  But  his  kindness  did  not  cease  there.  Often,  at 
the  entreaties  of  their  friends,  he  visited  President  Lincoln 
to  ask  for  the  release  of  sick  and  wounded  Confederate 
prisoners  of  war.  The  President  had  such  implicit  confi- 
dence in  him,  his  requests  were  always  granted,  feeling 
assured,  that  he  would  only  intercede  for  worthy  persons. 
He  threw  the  weight  of  his  influence  on  the  side  of  the 
Union  and  endeavored  to  secure  enlistments  from  his  own 
State  for  the  Federal  Army.  On  the  twenty-second  of  July, 
1862,  he  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral of  Volunteers,  and  declined  the  appointment  July  26, 
1862. 

On  the  close  of  his  term  as  Governor  in  1863  he  was  ap- 
pointed United  States  Senator  by  Governor  Bradford,  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Hon.  James  Alfred  Pierce.  His 
appointment  was  ratified  by  the  Legislature  at  the  session 
of  1864,  and  he  actively  entered  upon  the  responsible  duties 
cf  Senator.  The  continuance  of  the  war  made  his  counsel 
most  necessary,  and  he  was  thoroughly  identified  with  the 
Union  party  as  one  of  its  leaders.  Although  the  owner  of 
slaves,  he  voted  for  the  ratification  of  the  Constitution  in 
1864  and  favored  the  abolition  of  slavery.  In  the  autumn 
of  1863  he  seriously  sprained  his  ankle  and  erysipelas  setting 
in,  it  was  necessary  to  amputate  his  limb.  He  died  Febru- 
ary 13,  1865,  from  the  effects  of  a  stroke  of  apoplexy,  when 
at  the  height  of  his  fame  and  usefulness. 

Two  days  later  his  death  was  announced  to  the  Senate,  by 
his  late  colleague,  Reverdy  Johnson,  of  Maryland.  In  his 
remarks  he  paid  this  deserved  tribute:  "Ever  courteous, 
kind  and  attentive,  he  possessed  the  esteem  and  qonfidence  of 
us  all.  Endowed  with  a  sound  judgment  and  animated  by  a 
fervent  patriotism,  he  supported  every  measure  that  prom- 
ised, in  his  opinion,  to  benefit  the  country  in  its  existing 


314  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

emergjency.  In  private,  too,  he  was  highly  appreciated  and 
by  those  who  knew  him  intimately  loved  as  a  brother.  By 
the  society  of  his  county,  especially,  will  his  loss  be  long  and 
keenly  felt  and  to  his  immediate  family  it  will  be  irreparable." 

Mr.  Willey,  of  West  Virginia,  said  among  other  things: 
"It  has  been  my  privilege  to  occupy  a  seat  by  the  side  of 
Governor  Hicks  ever  since  he  entered  this  hall.  I  had,  there- 
fore an  opportunity  not  only  to  witness  his  course  in  relation 
to  public  affairs,  but  also  to  observe  more  closely  the  spirit 
and  principle,  the  heart  and  motive  (so  to  speak)  which 
seemed  to  prompt  and  ^control  his  conduct  And  I  declare 
to  you,  sir,  that  I  never  knew  a  man  whose  simplicity,  single- 
ness of  purix>se,  whose  evident  sincerity,  purity  and  unselfish- 
ness of  aim  to  promote  the  honor  and  welfare  of  his  country 
commanded  more  of  my  confidence  and  respect.  I  know 
not  if  he  ever  aspired  to  win  the  personal  distinction  and 
renown  which  men  of  great  intellectual  parts  sometimes 
seem  to  seek  with  an  ardor  hardly  secondary  to  the  promo- 
tion of  the  national  welfare;  but  to  me  he  ever  appeared  to 
forget  himself  in  the  higher  and  holier  purpose  of  securing 
the  public  good." 

In  the  House  of  Representatives  the  death  of  Govemcr 
Hicks  was  announced  February  15  by  Mr.  Webster,  of  Mary- 
land, who  said,  in  part :  "Governor  Hicks  was  entirely  a  self- 
made  man.  He  toiled  up  the  mountain  side  unaided  and 
reached  height  after  height  through  his  own  manly  exer- 
tions; but  never  did  he  break  the  bond  whicji  bound  him  to 
the  people  on  the  plain.  He  was  essentially  a  man  of  the 
people,  of  them  and  from  them;  his  instincts,  his  sympathies, 
affections,  were  all  with  them,  and  his  exertions  and  labors  in 
their  behalf.  The  poorest  and  most  friendless  boy  received 
from  him  as  kindly  a  welcome  as  the  men  who  held  the  most 
influential  and  important  stations.  The  last  note  I  ever  re- 
ceived from  him,  only  a  few  days  before  his  death,  was  writ- 
ten to  ask  my  aid  for  a  poor  man,  a  sailor  disabled  in  the  ser- 
vice of  his  country,  and  in  it  he  regretted  that  his  health 
would  not  permit  him  personally  to  render  him  as  much  as- 
sistance as  he  desired. 


THE  HICKS  315 

"That,  however,  which  has  most  distinguished  him  and 
endeared  him  to  the  people  of  Maryland,  was  his  unselfi*">h 
and  unyielding  patriotism.  In  him  was  illustrated  the  patri- 
otism that  burned  so  purely  in  the  hearts  of  the  men  of 
1776.  There  was  no  personal  sacrifice  which  he  deemed 
too  great  to  be  made  for  his  country.  This  was  particularly 
illustrated  in  his  course  on  the  question  of  emancipation. 
Though  holding  a  considerable  number  of  slaves  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  and  entering  into  the  war  with 
the  impression  that  it  ought  to  be  so  conducted  as  not  to 
interfere  with  slavery,  yet  when  he  became  convinced,  as  he 
afterward  did,  that  the  most  vulnerable  point  in  the  rebellion 
was  slavery,  and  that  if  we  would  crush  the  rebellion,  we 
must  strike  at,  and  crush  slavery,  he  did  not  hesitate  to  favor 
this  policy  both  by  the  general  government,  and  by  his  own 
State.  A  year  ago,  he  favored  the  constitutional  amendment 
lately  passed,  abolishing  slavery  throughout  the  States,  and 
was  the  earnest  friend  of  immediate  emancipation  in  Mary- 
land, voting  himself  for  the  free  constitution  and  urging 
others  to  unite  with  him  in  its  support." 

In  the  address  of  Mr.  Creswell,  of  Maryland,  was  the  fol- 
lowing tribute:  "Notwithstanding  the  many  disadvantages 
under  which  he  labored,  it  is  safe  to  say,  that  no  man  exerted 
a  greater  influence  on  the  politics  of  Maryland,  or  has  accom- 
plished more  for  the  good  of  his  state  and  fellow-citizens, 
in  his  day  and  generation  than  he.  He  chose  his  party  be- 
cause of  his  approval  of  the  principles  which  he  proclaimed 
and  then  gave  it  his  entire  and  cordial  support.  A  disciple 
of  Henry  Clay,  he  accepted  the  teachings  of  the  *Sage  of 
Ashland'  as  the  axioms  of  his  p>olitical  creed.  He  was  first 
a  Democrat  of  the  old  school,  then  a  Whig,  then  an  Ameri- 
can, and  on  the  formation  of  the  Union  party  he  threw  his 
whole  soul  into  that  movement  and  labored  unceasingly  to 
promote  its  success.  To  all  the  parties  to  which  he  was  suc- 
cessively attached  he  rendered  the  most  important  services. 
He  was  always  looked  up  to  as  a  leader." 


3l6  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

The  City  Council  of  Baltimore  passed  appropriate  resolu- 
tions which  were  printed,  together  with  the  address  of  Sam- 
uel T.  Hall,  who  alluded  eloquently  to  the  patriotic  spirit  of 
the  Governor,  his  affection  for  State  and  nation.  Suitable 
resolutions  were  also  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
Maryland,  before  which  body  Mr.  Carroll  bore  witness  to  the 
worth  of  the  Governor's  character.  Among  other  things  he 
said: 

"The  outbreak  of  the  present  rebellion  found  him  in  the 
gubernatorial  chair  of  the  State.  Then  it  was  that  the  char- 
acter of  the  man  was  fully  develoi>ed.  Then  it  was  that  his 
incorruptible  integrity,  his  devoted  patriotism  and  his  lofty 
courage  were  subjected  to  the  most  severe  tests.  But  no 
persuasion,  however  winning,  no  entreaties,  however  earnest, 
no  threats  however  violent,  could  divert  him  from  the  path 
of  his  duty  to  his  country.  There  he  stood,  faithful  among 
the  faithless.  And  while  one  after  another  of  the  Border 
States  were  driven  into  the  whirlpool  of  secession  and  mil, 
Maryland  alone  stood  firm  and  unshaken  amid  the  storms 
that  assailed  her,  with  the  nation's  flag  still  floating  over 
her,  and  vowed  her  determination  to  stand  under  and  by  it. 
The  immense  results  which  hung  upon  his  decision  and  bear- 
ing in  this  fearful  crisis,  results  affecting  not  Maryland 
merely  but  the  destiny  of  the  whole  nation,  it  is  impossible, 
even  now,  sir,  properly  to  estimate.  When  the  passions  and 
prejudices  and  jealousies  of  the  hour  shall  have  passed  away, 
when  the  actions  of  men  can  be  viewed  in  the  calm,  steady, 
truthful  light  of  history,  among  the  names  posterity  will 
delight  to  honor  and  cherish,  few  will  be  remembered  with 
more  gratitude  than  that  of  Governor  Hicks." 

The  passing  away  of  Governor  Hicks  was  peaceful.  He 
suffered  an  attack  of  paralysis  Friday,  February  lo,  and  three 
days  later  the  end  came.  On  Saturday  afternoon  President 
Lincoln  having  heard  of  his  serious  illness,  visited  him  and 
spent  some  time  at  his  bedside.  Many  members  of  the  Sen- 
ate and  Congress  also  visited  him.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  and  during  his  last  hours  was  attended 


THE   HICKS  317 

by  Rev.  B.  H.  Nadal,  D.D.,  of  Wesley  Chapel.  The  latter 
gentleman,  after  talking  to  the  dying  man  for  some  time, 
asked  him  if  he  was  aware  that  his  earthly  career  was  about 
to  close,  and  if  so,  to  raise  his  hand.  The  hand  at  once  went 
up.  Again  the  minister  asked:  "If  you  rest  upon  Christ 
as  our  Saviour  raise  your  hand."  The  hand  was  lifted  once 
more  and  waved  back  and  forth^  as  if  in  holy  triumph.  In 
half  an  hour  from  that  time  he  became  unconscious,  and  in  a 
few  hours  his  spirit  passed  to  the  Grod  who  gave  it. 

The  funeral  services  were  of  a  dignified  character,  appro- 
priate to  the  occasion.  The  procession  included  the  Gover- 
nor of  Maryland,  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  and  the  City  Coun- 
cil, Senators  and  Congressmen,  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  heads  of  departments,  the  diplomatic!  corps.  Judges 
of  the  United  States,  officers  of  the  Executive  Departments, 
officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  Mayor  of  Washington,  and 
others  equally  prominent  in  public  life.  The  coffin  was  borne 
into  the  Senate  Chamber,  where  a  large  audience  assembled, 
listened  in  profound  silence  to  the  eloquent  address  of  Dr. 
Nadal,  who  chose  for  his  theme,  "And  the  king  said  unto 
his  servant,  know  ye  not  that  there  is  a  prince  and  a  great 
man  fallen  this  day  in  Israel?"  The  remains  were  interred 
for  a  time  in  the  Congressional  Cemetery,  and  thereafter 
removed  to  Dorchester  County. 

The  first  wife  of  Governor  Hicks  was  Anne  Thompson, 
by  whom  several  children  were  born,  of  whom  two  daugh- 
ters lived  to  womanhood.  Sallie  A.  Hicks  married  Rev. 
Henry  Colclazer;  she  died  at  the  age  of  29  years,  leaving 
three  children,  viz:  Mrs.  Annie  H.  Truss  of  Philadelphia; 
Henry  Colclazer  of  Kansas  and  Etta  M.  Colclazer  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  second  daughter  of  Governor  Hicks,  Henri- 
etta Maria,  died  at  the  age  of  25  years.  The  second  wife, 
Leah  A.  Raleigh,  left  two  children,  viz:  Thomas  P.  Hicks 
who  died  at  the  age  of  21  years,  and  Nannie  Hicks,  who  mar- 
ried Dr.  George  L.  Hicks,  to  whom  four  sons  were  born,  viz : 
Thomas  Holliday  Hicks,  who  is  a  paymaster  in  the  U.  S. 
Navy;  Major  George  Luther  Hicks,  who  is  a  surgeon  in 


3l8  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

the  U.  S.  Army  Volunteers  in  the  Philippine  Islands  (was 
appointed  First  Lieutenant  in  the  Regular  Army,  by  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt,  in  April,  1902);  Dr.  Fessenden  Fairfax  Hicks, 
a  dentist  in  Cambridge,  Md.,  and  Chaplain  Galloway  Hicks,  a 
boy  at  home. 

By  Jane  Wilcox  he  had  a  number  of  children,  one  of  whom 
lived  to  manhood,  viz :  B.  Chaplain  Hicks,  a  bookkeeper  in 
the  Savings  Bank  of  Baltimore,  Md.  He  died  at  the  age  of 
39  years.  The  visitor  to  Cambridge  always  notices  with  in- 
terest the  statue  in  the  cemetery  which  is  a  fitting  memorial 
of  Governor  Hicks.  However,  the  best  memorial  to  his 
memory  is  in  the  hearts  of  his  associates,  some  of  whom  still 
survive,  and  in  the  affection  of  the  generation  now  prominent 
on  the  scene  of  action. 


THE  HOOPER  FAMILY. 

From  Henry  Hooper  and  Sarah,  his  wife,  and  son,  Henry, 
Jr.,  who  came  into  the  Province  of  Maryland  from  England 
in  165 1,  and  first  settled  in  Calvert  County,  a  lineage  of 
numerous  family  branches  have  descended  of  prominent  and 
useful  people  that  represent  to-day,  by  name  and  blood  rela- 
tion, one  of  the  largest  families  in  the  State. 

About  1667  Henry  Hooper  and  his  family  made  Dorches- 
ter County  their  permanent  home.  On  December  20,  of 
that  year,  100  acres  of  land  was  surveyed  for  Henry  Hooper 
on  Hooper's  Island,  near  Hungar  River.  Subsequently,  he 
and  his  son,  Henry  (2),  acquired  by  certificates  and  grants, 
many  tracts  of  land  in  diflFerent  parts  of  the  county  amount- 
ing to  thousands  of  acres.  (See  Land  Record.)  Henry 
Hooper  (i)  died  in  1676,  proven  by  his  will. 

In  1684  Henry  Hooper  (2)  lived  on  Hooper's  Island, 
proven  by  a  witness  before  a  council  held  at  St.  Mary's  on 
February  27,  making  inquiry  about  the  escape  of  Col.  George 
Talbot,  a  prisoner  in  Virginia,  who  was  by  strategy  taken 
from  Gloucester  County  Jail  February  10,  1684,  by  Madam 
Talbot,  his  wife,  and  her  Irish  servants.     Roger  Skreene, 


or  OOV.  THOMAS  HOLLIDAV  HICKS.  CAMBftlDOE  CEMETERT. 


1       I 


THE   HOOPERS  319 

who  was  one  of  the  crew  on  Madam  Talbot's  boat  on  which 
she  went  to  Virginia,  was  one  of  the  accused  at'  court.  He 
there  testified  that  on  their  way  up  the  Bay  they  stopped 
at  Mr.  Henry  Hooper's,  on  Hooper's  Island.  Madam  Tal- 
bot, with  three  of  her  crew  and  the  witness  went  ashore  to 
Mr.  Henry  Heeler's,  where  they  got  two  pones  of  bread. 
The  Dcffchester  County  Rent  Rolls  show  that    Henry 


Doopet  Brnia. 

Hooper,  Jr.  (2)  had  surveyed  "Hooper's  Chance,"  250  acres, 
January  18,  1669,  and  "Hooper's  Lot,"  350  acres,  September 
15,  1669,  on  Chickanocomico  Creek,  for  himself,  and  also 
"Increase  of  the  Homes,"  100  acres,  "August  12,  1669,  for 
Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  on  Hooper's  Island,  in  possession  of 
Henry  Hooper,"  evidently  his  father. 

In  the  following-  data  of  the  Hooper  fomily,  obtained  in 
part  from  James  S,  Shepherd,  Chief  Deputy  of  Dorchester 


320  HISTORY   OF  JX)RCHESTER   COUNTY 

County  Court,  and  from  records  elsewhere,  the  facts  clearly 
show  that  from  Henry  Hooper  (2),  who  had  two  wives,  first, 

Elizabeth  Denwood;  second,  Mary ,  probably  the  sister 

of  Joseph  Ennalls,  who  married  Dr.  John  Brooke's  daugh- 
ter, all  the  Hoopers  (of  the  white  race)  in  Dorchester  County 
descended.  The  land  records  of  the  county  and  wills  made  by 
members  of  the  family  are  strong  evidence  of  their  relation- 
ship. They  began  to  trade  tracts  of  land  with  each  other  as 
early  as  17 12.  In  that  year  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.  (3)  gave  a 
part  of  two  tracts  lying  on  Chickanocomico  River,  called 
"Hooper's  Lot"  and  **Hooper's  Fortune,"  to  his  father, Henry 
Hooper,  Sr.  (2)  for  a  tract  lying  on  the  western  side  of  Trans- 
quaking  River,  containing  300  acres,  called  "Porpeigham." 
In  this  land  trade,  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.  (3)  reserved  a  part  of 
'^Hooper's  Lot"  and  also  owned  a  tract  on  Chickanocomico 
River,  called  **Hooper's  Chance,"  surveyed  January  18,  1669, 
containing  250  acres,  for  Henry  Hooper.  In  1739,  March  5, 
Henry  Hooper,  Jr.  (3)  traded  a  part  of  "Hooper's  Chance" 
and  "Hooper's  Fortune"  (a  part  of  which  he  reserved  when 
trading  with  his  father  in  1712),  with  Ann  Ennalls,  who 
accepted  these  tracts  and  gave  in  exchange  a  tract  called 
"Nansemum,"  on  Secretary  Creek,  containing  500  acres, 
which  he  embodied  in  Warwick  Fort  Manor,  that  year  with 
numerous  other  tracts.  On  February  18,  1739,  ^^  gave 
Porpeigham  (which  he  traded  for  with  his  father)  to  Samuel 
Hooper  for  his  interest  in  "Hooper's  Lot"  and  "Hooper's 
Fortune,"  lands  in  which  both  had  interests  by  inheritance 
from  their  ancestor,  Henry  Hooper  (2),  who  died  in  1720. 

{Genealogical  Data  from  •/.  S,  S.) 

Henry  Hooper  (i)  came  to  Maryland  in  165 1  and  settled 
on  the  Patuxent  River  in  what  is  npw  Calvert  County;  15th 
July,  1651,  he  enters  rights  for  himself,  Sarah,  his  wife,  Eliz- 
abeth, Richard  and  Robert  Hooper,  his  children,  and  Sarah 
Watson,  John  Taylor  and  Robert  Stiles,  "this  present  year" 


THE   HOOPERS  321 

(Land  Office,  Lib.  A.  B.  H.,  fol.  140).  He  was  Justice  of 
Calvert  County  in  1658  (Lib.  S,  fol.  139),  and  was  commis- 
sioned Captain  of  the  Calvert  Militia,  3d  June,  1658  (Md. 
Archives,  iii,  344-347).  Later  he  removed  to  Dorchester 
County,  where  he  took  up  land  as  early  as  1668  (Dorchester 
Rent  Roll).  15th  May,  1676,  Henry  Hooper  (2),  sole  sur- 
viving son  of  Henry  Hooper  (i),  late  of  Dorchester  County, 
deceased,  was  granted  administration  on  the  estate  of  his 
said  father,  and  Wm.  Hill  and  John  Cooper  were  appointed 
appraisers  of  the  deceased's  estate  in  Calvert,  while  Joseph 
Hanaway  and  Lewis  Griffin  were  named  appraisers  for  such 
portion  of  the  estate  as  lay  in  Dorchester  County  (Test. 
Proc.  Lib.  8,  fol.  68-69).  Capt.  Henry  Hooper  and  Sarah, 
his  wife,  had  issue : 

1.  Richard  Hooper,  died  1673,  in  Calvert  County.  By 
Mary,  his  wife  (who  married,  secondly,  Capt.  Thos.  Clagett), 
he  left  two  daughters,  Sarah  and  Eleanor. 

2.  Henry  Hooper  (2),  of  Dorchester  County,  of  whom 
further. 

3.  Sarah  Hooper. 

4.  Elizabeth  Hooper. 

Henry  Hooper  (2),  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah,  came  to 
Maryland  with  his  parents  in  165 1.  In  a  deposition  made  in 
1706  (Dorchester  Co.  Rec,  Lib.  2,  fol.  153)  he  gives  his  age 
as  63  years.  He  was  born,  therefore,  in  1643,  and  was  almost 
eight  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  arrival.  He  settled  in 
Dorchester  County,  where  the  Rent  Roll  shows  that  he  p>os- 
sessed  a  considerable  landed  estate.  He  was  one  of  the  Jus- 
tices of  Dorchester  County  in  1669,  '71,  '74,  '76,  '79,  '§0, 
'85,  '89  (Lib.  R.R.;  Lib.  CD,  fol.  431;  Md.  Archives,  v,  52; 
xiii,  244;  XV,  38,  69,  131,  326),  and  was  Presiding  Justice 
in  1694  (Lib.  HD,  No.  2).  He  also  represented  the  county  in 
the  House  of  Burgesses  in  1694  ("Old  Kent,"  380).  Henry 
Hooper  (2)  was  twice  married,  and  his  first  wife  was  from 
Somerset  County.  The  records  of  that  county  show  that  on 
the  4th  of  July,  1669,  Henry  Hooper  (2)  and  Elizabeth  Den- 
wood  were  married  by  Capt.  William  Thome,  "one  of  his 

n 


322  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Lordship's  Justices  for  this  county."  This  lady  was  the 
daughter  of  Levin  Denwood  and  sister  of  Mrs.  Rc^er  Wool- 
ford.     They  had  issue,  with  perhaps  others: 

1.  Richard  Hooper,  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam and  Elizabeth  (Winslow)  Dorrington.  He  died  before 
his  father,  leaving  a  son,  Henry. 

2.  Mary  Hooper,  bom  1674;  married  Henry  Ennalls, 
March  31,  1695;  died  27th  July,  1745;  was  biuied  at  "Eldon." 

3.  Elizabeth  Hooper,  married  Matthew  Travers. 

The  second  wife  of  Henry  Hooper  (2)  was  named  Mary, 
but  it  is  uncertain  who  she  was.  In  a  power  of  attorney,  7th 
November,  1693,  she  calls  Capt.  Thomas  Ennalls  her  brother 
(Dorchester  Co.  Rec,  Lib.  S,  old  fol.  39-40),  but  she  was  cer- 
tainly not  his  own  sister  (see  Ennalls  family).  The  names 
of  her  children  point  to  a  connection  with  the  Woolford 
family,  but  here  again  the  evidence  is  insufficient  to  warrant 
any  positive  statement.  At  any  rate,  Henry  Hooper  (2)  and 
Mary,  his  wife,  had  the  following  children : 

1.  Henry  Hooper  (3),  member  of  Council  and  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Provincial  Court  of  Maryland.  Died  20th  April, 
1767,  aged  80;  left  issue. 

2.  Thomas  Hooper,  left  issue. 

3.  John  Hooper,  died  1754;  left  issue. 

4.  Roger  Hooper,  married Hicks. 

5.  James  Hooper,  bom  1703;  died  1789;  of  whom  fur- 
ther. 

6.  Anne  Hooper,  married  John  Brome,  of  Calvert  County. 
(This  daughter  may  have  been  by  the  first  wife.) 

7.  Mary  Hooper,  married Hicks. 

8.  Rosanna  Hooper,  married Hodson. 

9.  Sarah  Hooper,  married He)rward. 

10.  Rebecca  Hooper,  married Hodson. 

11.  Priscilla  Hooper,  married  John  Stevens. 

Henry  Hooper  (2)  died  in  1720,  and  his  widow,  Mary,  in 
1740. 

James  Hooper,  son  of  Henry  and  Mary,  was  bom  3d  Octo- 
ber, 1703,  and  died  3d  November,  1789.     His  wife's  name 


THE  HOOPERS  323 

was  Mary.  Besides  his  son  John,  he  had  a  son,  Samuel 
Hooper,  to  whom  he  conveyed  some  land  in  Dorchester 
County,  30th  September,  1785  (Dorchester  Co.  Rec,  Lib. 
N.  H.,  No.  5,  fol.  216).  For  the  line  of  descent  from  him, 
see  genealogy. 

The  loss  of  the  early  wills  of  Dorchester  County  makes 
it  impossible  to  supply  this  part  of  the  genealogy  from  record 
sources.  Prior  to  1777,  duplicate  copies  of  the  wills  are 
preserved  at  Annapolis. 

NOTES. 

Henry  Hooper  (2),  of  Dorchester  County,  will  dated  27th 
March,  proved  30th  August,  1720.  Leaves  to  eldest  son, 
Henry,  land  in  Dorchester  and  Calvert  Counties,  which  latter 
"my  father,  Henry  Hooper,  formerly  lived  on;"  mentions 
sons  Thomas  and  John,  son-in-law  Matthew  Travers,  son 
James  Hooper,  son  Roger  Hooper,  grandson  Henry  Hooper, 
son  of  Richard,  deceased;  wife  Mary,  daughters  Mary  En- 
nalls,  Elizabeth  Travers,  Anne  Brome,  Mary  Hicks,  Susanna 
Hodson  and  Sarah  Hayward,  daughters  Rebecca  and  Pris- 
cilla  Hooi>er,  grandson  Henry  Hooper,  son  of  Henry;  wife 
Mary,  executrix,  and  friends  and  relatives.  Col.  Roger  Wool- 
ford  and  Maj.  Henry  Ennalls  to  assist  her. 

Mary  Hooper,  of  Dorchester  County,  will  dated  21st  June, 
proved  22d  September,  1740,  mentions  sons  Henry,  James 
and  John  Hooper.  To  Henry,  Thomas  and  James  Hooper, 
sons  of  my  son,  Thomas  Hooper,  negjo  woman  Fanny,  &c., 
now  in  jyossession  of  their  father-in-law  (i.  e.,  stepfather), 
Thos.  Cannon,  son  Roger  Hooper  to  pay  his  sister,  Sarah 
Hayward,  10  p>ounds  currency,  and  the  same  sum  to  his  six 
sisters,  Elizabeth  Travers,  Anne  Brome,  Mary  Hicks,  Ros- 
anna  Hodson,  Rebecca  Hodson  and  Priscilla  Stevens, 
bequest  to  granddaughter,  Mary  Hooper,  daughter  of 
Thomas,  son  Roger  Hooper,  executor.  (Annapolis,  Wills, 
Lib.  22,  fol.  248.) 

30th  September,  1785,  James  Hooper,  of  Dorchester 
County,  Gent,  to  his  son,  Samuel  Hooper,  four  tracts,  viz: 


324  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER   COUNTY 

(a)  Whinfill,  200  a.,  on  Taylor's  Island;  (6)  Hooper's  Defi- 
ance, 167  a.;  (e)  Woolford's  Beginning,  206^  a.,  purchased 
of  Levin  Woolford;  (d)  The  White  Marsh,  35  a.,  all  in  Dor- 
chester County.  (Dorchester  Co.  Rec,  Lib.  N.  H.,  No.  5, 
fol.  216.) 

Henry  Hooper  (3),  previously  mentioned,  the  first  son  of 
Henry  Hooper  (2),  was  bom  in  1687,  and  died  April  20,  1767, 
at  the  age  of  eighty  years.  He  was  a  man  of  large  influ- 
ence and  became  the  owner  of  much  land,  some  of  which 
his  father  left  him  by  will.  In  1720  he  purchased  of  Major 
Nicholas  Sewall  a  tract  of  land,  "My  Lady  Sewall's  Manor," 
called  "Warwick,"  on  Secretary  Creek  (now  know  as  War- 
wick River),  containing  1243  acres,  for  two  hundred  and 
fifty  pounds  sterling.  In  1739  he  had  "Warwick"  and  several 
other  adjacent  tracts  resurveyed  and  embodied  into  one  tract 
which  he  named  "Warwick  Fort  Manor,"  that  contained  2342 
acres.  His  son,  Henry  Hooper  (4),  who  became  the  owner  of 
"Warwick  Fort  Manor,"  was  an  influential  patriot  and  was  a 
delegate  to  several  conventions  of  the  Province  of  Maryland, 
held  in  1775  and  1776,  for  putting  the  colony  in  a  state  of 
military  defence.  In  1776  Colonel  Hooper  was  ai^xnnted 
Brigadier-General  of  the  Militia,  in  the  lower  district  of  the 
Eastern  Shore.    (See  Revolutionary  Period,  in  this  volume.) 

About  1735  Col.  Henry  Hooper  (4)  married  Anne  Ennalls, 
daughter  of  Wm.  Ennalls  and  Ann  Smith,  his  wife. 

The  children  of  Colonel  Hooper,  later  known  as  Brig.- 
Gen.  Henry  Hooper  (4),  were : 

1.  William  Hooper,  M.D.,  who  married  Sarah  Ridge- 
way,  in  1 77 1,  of  Talbot  County,  a  descendant  of  the  Bozman 
family. 

2.  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.  (5).  The  last  Hooper  who  owned 
"Warwick,"  which  he  sold,  in  parcels,  as  follows :  300  acres 
for  $2700  to  Joseph  E.  Sulivane,  July  21,  1812;  120  acres  for 
$1880  to  William  Gist,  November  26,  1813;  1300  acres  for 
$15,000  to  John  Mitchell,  January  i,  1816. 

3.  John  Hooper,  officially  known  as  Major  John  Hooper 
during  and  after  the  Revolution  of  1776,  of  whom  further. 


I-  w^  .^ 


n    feP'l 


WARWICK  FORT  MANOR  HOUSE.  SECRETARY  CREEK. 


THE   HOOPERS  325 

4.  Mary,  married,  in  1804,  Denvvood  Hicks. 

5.  Sally,  no  record.  , 

6.  Anne  Elizabeth,  married  Wm.  Barrow. 

Descendants  of  Dr.  William  Hooper  and  Sarah  Ridgeway 
Hooper  were : 

1.  Anne,  who  married  Joseph  Sulivane. 

2.  Sally  Ennalls,  married  John  W.  Henry,  in  181 1.  She 
was  called  the  "Maid  of  the  Oaks." 

3.  Henry,  no  record. 

The  children  of  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  and  Mary  Price,  his 
first  wife,  were : 

1.  William,  wha  went  to  Utah  Territory  and  was  elected 
U.  S.  Senator  from  there.  He  amassed  a  great  fortune  in 
Utah,  but  never  was  a  Mormon.  He  left  children,  one 
daughter  married  the  son  of  Brigham  Young. 

2.  Annie,  married  Dr.   Robertson,  of  Somerset  County. 

3.  Elizabeth,  no  record. 

By  the  second  wife  of  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  Mary  Ennalls:* 
I.  Anne  was  bom,  who   married  John   Craig,   in   1809, 

whose  mother  was  Betsey  Ennalls,  daughter  of  Wm.  Ennalls, 

son   of   Bartholomew   Ennalls   (2),   and    Elizabeth   Trippe, 

his  wife. 

The  children  of  Major  John  Hooper  and  Elizabeth  E.  Scott 

Hooper,  his  wife,  were : 

1.  Mary  E.,  who  married  Benjamin  W.  LeCompte,  a 
lawyer  in  Cambridge. 

2.  Anne,  married  Henry  Dickenson,  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  Cambridge;  had  no  children. 

3.  Sarah  Ennalls,  married  Thos.  I.  H.  Eccleston,  son  of 
John  Firmin  Eccleston  and  Milcah  Airey  Eccleston,  his  wife. 


*Mary  Ennalls  Hooper,  widow  of  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  married  a  second 
time,  a  widower  named  Ennalls,  whose  daughter  by  his  first  wife  was  the 
first  wife  of  John  Craig  and  the  mother  of  Wm.  Pinkney  Craig  and  John 
Adams  Craig,  M.D. 


326  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

4.  Eliza,  no  record. 

5.  William  Ennalls,  married  Eliza  Scott  Pitt,  daughter 
of  Samuel  Wilson  Pitt  and  Mary  (Scott)  Pitt,  his  wife.  Wil- 
liam E.  Hooper  died  June  25,  1850. 

6.  John,  M.D.,  married  Anne  Birkhead,  daughter  of 
James  Birkhead  .and  Elizabeth  Sulivane,  his  wife,  who  was 
a  daughter  of  Daniel  Sulivane  and  Susan  Orrick,  his  wife. 

7.  Joseph  E.,  married  Miss  Hodson,  had  one  daughter, 
Elizabeth,  who  married  Col.  John  Hodson.  She  died  in  the 
year  1900. 

The  children  of  William  Ennalls  Hooper  and  Eliza  Scott 
Pitt,  his  wife,  were : 

1.  John  Pitt,  married  Maria  L.  White. 

2.  Joseph  Henry,  married  Louisa  Steele. 

3.  Wilhelmina,  married  Dr.  Thomas  Chase,  of  Annapo- 
lis, Surgeon  U.  S.  Army. 

4.  William,  died  young. 

Children  of  Dr.  John  Hooper  and  Anne  Birkhead,  his 
wife,  were : 

1.  Sarah  Ennalls,  married  William  Grason,  son  of  ex- 
Governor  Grason,  of  Queen  Anne's  County,  whose  wife  was 
Susan  Orrick  Sulivane. 

2.  Annie,  married  Rev.  Theodore  P.  Barber,  D.D., 
Rector  of  Christ  P.  E.  Church,  Cambridge,  Md.,  for  forty- 
three  years. 

3.  Elizabeth,  "Betty,"  married  Dr.  Thos.  H.  Williams, 
formerly  Surgeon  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  resigned  in  1861, 
and  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon-General  in  the  C.  S.  A. 

4.  John  H.,  married  Margaret  Richmond,  nee  John- 
stone, of  Virginia.     Died  in  Chicago. 

Benjamin  Woodward  LeCompte  married  Mary  Ennalls 
Hooper,  eldest  daughter  of  Major  John  Hooper  and  Eliza- 
beth E.  Scott  Hooper,  his  wife,  January  18,  1810.  Their 
children  were: 


THE  HOOPERS  327 

Mary  E.  LeCompte,  who  married  John  P.  Hooper,  son  of 
James  Hooper,  and  Mary  Woolford  Hooper,  his  wife,  who 
was  the  sister  of  Col.  Stephen  Woolford. 

Of  Emily,  Gaston  and  James  LeCompte  no  record  in 
hand. 

John  P.  Hooper  and  Mary  E.  LeCompte  Hooper,*  his  wife, 
were  the  parents  of  Jeremiah  P.  Hooper,  the  eldest  son,  now 
living  in  Baltimore.  By  his  mother  he  is  a  lineal  descendant 
of  Gen.  Henry  Hooper,  of  Revolutionary  fame.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Alice  Eugenia  Drake,  a  lineal  descendant  of  John 
Drake,  of  Exmouth,  England. 


In  flDemoriam* 


Aari?  £•  1)ooper* 

On  Monday  afternoon,  February  26,  1877,  Mary 
E.  Hooper,  in  the  67th  year  of  her  age,  relict  of  the 
late  John  P.  Hooper,  and  daughter  of  the  late  Benja- 
min W.  LeCompte,  of  Cambridge,  Md. 

She  passed  away,  as  sunbeams  die, 

From  the  amber  clouds  of  a  summer  sky — 

As  music  dies  from  a  trembling  string, 

With  the  last  sad  note  which  loved  ones  sing, 

A  morning  dew  from  an  opening  flower, 

Passes  away  o'er  the  noontide  hour; 

Yet  for  her  there  is  a  light  that  will  ever  be  day, 

A  music  whose  sweetness  will  not  die  away; 

And  to  those  who  are  weeping  a  hope  is  yet  given, 

For  the  dew-drop  of  earth  is  the  rainbow  of  heaven. 

Baltimore,  Md.  Jeremiah  P.  Hooper. 


*  Mary  E.  Hooper  died  February  26,  1877,  in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of 
her  age. 


328  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   CX)UNTY 

Mary  Priscilla,  the  eldest  daughter,  married  Wm.  Wilmot 
Hall,  whose  children  were  Lizzie  Wilmot,  who  died  single, 
and  Mary  Wharton,  who  married  Wm.  H.  Bryan.  She  died 
some  years  ago. 

James  Benjamin  Hooper,  the  second  son,  married,  first, 
Marietta  Greenwell,  of  Leonardtown,  Md.  His  second  wife 
was  Elenora  Nuthall;  had  no  children.      Both  deceased. 

Emily  Ann  Hooper,  the  second  daughter,  married  Nich- 
olas Merryman  Bosley,  of  Taylor's  Island.  Both  lately 
deceased.  She  died  August  24,  1902.  Left  three  children, 
Mary  Rebecca,  Emily  Ann  and  John  Patterson  Hooper 
Bosley. 

Margaret  LeCompte  Hooper,  the  third  daughter,  married 
William  Winder  Edmondson,  Sr.  They  have  four  Isons, 
Joseph  Airey  Edmondson,  William  Winder,  Jr.,  John  Hooper 
and  Frank  Gordon  Edmondson. 

Henry  Hooper,  the  fourth  son,  married  Susie  Hinds;  had 
descendants  James  LeCompte  Hooper,  M.D.,  and  others. 

Samuel  Hooper,  the  fifth  son,  and  Sarah  Elizabeth  Hooper 
both  died  single. 

William  Gaston  Hooper,  the  youngest  son,  married  Miss 
Julia  Plascette  Pennington,  daughter  of  Col.  Ross  T.  Pen- 
nington. 

The  prominence  of  James  Hooper,  brother  of  Henry 
Hooper,  the  first  owner  of  "Warwick  Fort  Manor,"  and 
Henry  Hooper,  Q.  S.,  and  Samuel  Hooper,  his  brother,  is 
better  explained  by  reference  to  their  wills. 

James  Hooper,  fifth  son  of  Henry  Hooper  (2),  bom  Octo- 
ber 3,  1703;  died  November  3,  1789;  in  his  will,  probated 
March  10,  1789,  mentions  the  following  children  and  grand- 
children : 

Thomas  Hooper,  grandson,  son  of  James,  Jr.,  gives  land, 
part  of  "Hooper's  Conclusion,"  on  Taylor's  Island,  and 
"Hooper's  Pasture." 

James  Hooper,  grandson,  son  of  John,  part  of  "Hooper's 
Conclusion,"  on  Long  Point,  Slaughter  Creek,  and  negro 
woman  "Tamar." 


THE  HOOPERS  329 

Thomas  Hooper,  son,  also  a  part  of  "Hooper's  Conclu- 
sion" and  negro  man  "Ceasar." 

John  Hooper,  son,  "all  the  rest  of  my  lands  not  disposed 
of,  also  some  negroes." 

Henry  Hooper,  Q.  S.,  son,  "I  give  and  bequeath  unto  my 
son,  Henry  Hooper,  Q.  S.,  5  shillings  sterling,  to  be  in  full 
for  his  portion  of  my  estate." 

Samuel  Hooper,  son,  a  negro  and  silver  cup. 

Thomas  Hooper,  grandson,  son  of  John,  a  negro. 

Nancy  Hooper  (Noble),  daughter,  a  negro. 

Other  bequests  as  follows :  "All  of  my  silver  plate  to  my 
three  sons,  Thomas,  John  and  Samuel. 

"All  of  my  horses  and  cattle  to  my  two  sons,  Thomas  and 
Henry,  item. 

"All  the  rest  of  my  personal  estate  I  give  and  bequeath  unto 
my  following  children,  viz : 

"Thomas,  John  and  Samuel  Hooper,  Elizabeth  Edmond- 
son,  Sarah  Pattison,  Priscilla  Woodward  and  Mary  Noble,  to 
be  equally  divided  among  them." 

James  Hooper,  above-named,  married  Mary  Woolford, 
sister  of  Col.  Stephen  Woolford. 

"Henry  Hooper,  Q.  S.,  son  of  James  and  Mary  Woolford 
Hooper,  named  in  his  father's  will  to  receive  5  shillings 
sterling,  also  made  a  will,  proved  October  30,  1799,  to  dispose 
of  his  large  estate.  He  gave  to  his  wife,  Betty  Hooper,  dur- 
ing her  life,  one  of  his  dwelling  plantations,  'Porpeigham,' 
300  acres,  'Addition  to  Outlet  Pasture,'  230  acres,  and  5000 
pounds  sterling  out  of  the  debts  due  and  owing  unto  me  upon 
lands;  all  of  my  household  furniture,  plate,  negroes  and 
everything  else  of  my  personal  estate  except  the  remainder 
of  the  debts  due  and  owing  me.  *  *  *  His  wife  was 
appointed  sole  executor  and  to  take  out  letters,  *ad  colligan- 
dum,  bona  defuncti'  for  recovering  the  debts,  but  that  there 
be  no  appraisement  or  no  inventory  taken  of  my  estate,  nor 
my  executrix  shall  not  be  obliged  to  give  bond  or  take  any 
oath  to  render  any  accounts." 


330  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

The  will  in  full  made  by  Samuel  Hooper,  March  27,  1806, 
hereunder  follows : 

I 

SAMUEL  .HOOPER'S  LAST  WILL  AND  TESTAMENT. 

In  the  name  of  God,  Amen. 

I,  Samuel  Hooper,  of  Dorchester  County,  in  the  State  of 
Maryland,  Being  very  sick  and  low  in  health,  but  of  sound 
and  disposing  mind,  memory  and  understanding  and  consid- 
ering the  certainty  of  death  and  the  uncertainty  of  the  time 
thereof,  and  being  desirous  to  settle  my  worldly  affairs,  and 
therefore  be  the  better  prepared  to  leave  this  world  when  it 
shall  please  God  to  call  me  hence,  Do  therefore  make  and  pub- 
lish this  my  last  will  and  testament,  in  manner  and  form  fol- 
lowing: That  is  to  say  I  give  and  devise  unto  my  son 
Henry  Hooper,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever,  a  tract  of  land, 
"Porpeigham,"  containing  300  acres,  and  part  of  a  tract  of 
land  called  "Addition  to  Outlet,"  which  said  lands  were 
devised  to  me  by  my  brother  Henry  Hooper,  Q.  S.  And 
also  a  tract  of  land,  Belvoir,  which  I  purchased  of  Levin 
Keene,  also  the  house  and  lot  whereon  Mrs.  Annie  Golds- 
borough  now  lives,  which  I  Purchased  of  Robert  Muir, 
all  of  which  lands  I  have  heretofore  deeded  to  him,  my 
said  son  Henry.  Also  all  other  tracts  or  parts  of  tracts 
which  I  now  own,  lying  and  being  on  the  west  side  of  Trans- 
quaking  River,  let  them  be  called  by  whatever  names  or 
name  they  may,  except  lots  and  houses  in  Cambridge. 
But  I  do  give  and  devise  the  lands  aforesaid  on  condi- 
tion that  my  said  son  shall  within  one  year  after  he 
arrives  to  a  lawful  age  execute  and  convey  all  his  right 
and  title  to  the  lands  which  I  have  sold  to  Isaac  Creigh- 
ton,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever,  as  will  appear  by  the  bond 
of  conveyance  given  by  me.  And  in  case  my  said  son  shall 
not  comply  with  the  conditions,  then,  and  in  this  case  I 
give  and  devise  all  the  lands  aforesaid  devised  to  him,  to 
my  daughter,  Elizabeth  A.  Hooper,  her  heirs  and  assigns  for- 


THE  HOOPERS  33 1 

ever.  I  also  give  and  bequeath  unto  my  said  son  Henry 
Hooper,  my  Bookcase,  Desk,  Watch  and  Gold  Sleeve  But- 
tons. I  give  and  devise  unto  Mary  Hooper,  my  daughter, 
her  heirs  and  assigns  forever,  a  tract  of  land  called  "Beaver 
Dam  Range,"  and  part  of  a  tract  called  "Addition  to  Fort 
Neck,"  which  I  purchased  of  William  Ennalls.  Also  the 
house  and  lot  of  land  which  I  purchased  of  Francis  Gist  in  the 
town  of  Cambridge,  Md.  All  of  which  lands  I  have  hereto- 
fore devised  to  my  said  daughter  Mary  Hooper.  Also  all  the 
lands  and  tenements  near  Middletown,  which  I  purchased 
of  William  Whittington,  William  Tucker,  Thomas  Locker- 
man,  and  the  vacancy  which  I  have  taken  up  and  added 
to  the  said  lands.  And  also  all  the  lands  which  I  pur- 
chased of  David  Shipley  and  his  wife.  But  I  do  thereby 
give  and  devise  the  land  aforesaid  to  my  said  daughter 
on  condition  that  my  said  daughter  shall  within  one  year 
after  she  arrives  at  lawful  age  for  that  purpose  convey 
by  deed  all  her  right  and  title  to  the  lands  which  I 
have  sold  to  Isaac  Creighton,  aforesaid,  his  heirs  and 
assigns  forever,  as  will  appear  by  the  bond  of  conveyance 
given  him  by  me.  And  in  case  my  said  daughter  shall  not 
comply  with  this  condition  then,  and  in  this  case  I  give  all 
the  lands  aforesaid  so  as  aforesaid  devised  to  her,  to  my  said 
daughter,  Elizabeth  Ann  Hooper,  her  heirs  and  assigns  for- 
ever, all  the  lands  and  tenements  which  were  conveyed  to  me 
by  Archibald  Moncreiflf  and  also  all  the  lands  which  I  lately 
purchased  of  Lotty  Ru.  I  also  give  and  bequeath  to  her 
one  half  dozen  silver  table  spoons,  and  one  half  dozen  tea 
spoons. 

I  give  and  bequeath  to  my  loving  wife  Sarah  Hooper  my 
carriage  and  horse  called  Bob.  I  give  and  bequeath  after 
the  payment  of  my  debts  legacies  and  my  wife's  thirds,  all  the 
residue  of  my  estate,  to  be  equally  divided  among  my  three 
children,  Henry,  Elizabeth  Ann  and  Mary.  And  lastly  do 
constitute  and  appoint  my  dear  wife,  Sarah  Hooi>er  to  be 
executrix,  and  Arthur  Whitely  to  be  executor  of  this  my 
last  will  and  testament. 


332  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  heretofore  set  my  hand  and 
seal,  this  27th  day  of  March,  1806,  A.  D. 

Samuel  Hooper  (Seal). 
Witnesses : 

Richard  Pattison. 
Samuel  Brown. 
John  Mace. 
Probated  April  8th,  1806. 

Recorded  in  the  Office  of  the  Register  of  Wills  of  Dor- 
chester County  in  Liber  L.  L.  K.,  No.  i,  folio  44. 

This  family  of  Hoopers,  of  whom  only  a  few  has  been 
mentioned,  is  no  relation  to  Mayor  Hooper,  of  Baltimore, 
and  his  relatives,  the  Hoopers,  extensive  manufacturers  of 
cotton  duck.  The  first  arrival  of  that  family  in  Maryland 
came  as  a  cabin  boy  on  a  merchant  vessel  from  England. 

HOOPER   FAMILY  BRANCHES. 

Col.  Moses  LeCompte,  married  Elizabeth  Wheeler,  June 
II,  1782. 

Charles  LeCompte,  married  Drucilla  Travers,  December 
19,  1790. 

Miss  Annie  LeCompte,  married  Henry  Keene,  July  23, 
1798. 

Miss  Elizabeth  LeCompte,  married  James  Pattison, 
December  6,  1802. 

Miss  Priscilla  Hooper,  married  James  Woolford,  Augfust 

8,  1783. 

Thomas  Hooper,  married  Sarah  Hooper,  August  17,  1785. 

Thomas  Hooper,  married  Mary  Hooper,  June  17,  1788. 
Betty  Hooper,  married  Matthew  Travers,  January  7,  1796. 
James  Hooper,  married  Priscilla  Pattison,  December  19, 
1798. 
James  Hooper,  married  Mahala  Travers,  January  14,  1800. 


THE  HOOPERS  333 

Mrs.  Amelia  Hooper,  nee  Barnes,  married  Jeremiah  Pat- 
tison.  May  28,  1800. 

William  Hooper,  married  Priscilla  Gadd,  October  4,  1800. 

Thomas  Hooper,  married  Elizabeth  Smith,  December  26, 
1801. 

John  Hooper,  married  Mary  McKeel,  August  6,  1802. 

Jeremiah  Pattison,  married  Nancy  Barnes,  December  9, 

1787. 

Richard  Pattison,^  married  Mary  McKeel,  March  4,  1788. 

Elizabeth  Pattison,  married  Benjamin  Woodward,  Novem- 
ber 3,  1789. 

Thos.  James  Pattison,  married  Margaret  Woodward, 
August  10,  1790. 

William  Pattison,  married  Elizabeth  Linthicum,  January 
19,  1803. 

Mary  Edmundson,  married  John  Brohawn,  September  13, 

1783. 

Pollard  Edmundson,  married  Elizabeth  Airey,  March  26, 

1789. 

Mrs.  Roxanna  Edmundson,  married  James  Smith,  March 
5,  1792.     (Grandparents  of  Dr.  Benj.  L.  Smith,  of  Madison.) 

John  Edmundson,  married  Sarah  Mann,  December  11, 
1794. 

Thomas  Edmundson,  married  Sarah  Smith,  July  11,  1798. 

Joseph  Edmundson,  married  Elizabeth  Simmons,  April  11, 
1799. 

James  Hooper,  of  Hooper's  Island,  married  Miss  Ariana 
Lake,  sister  of  George  Lake,  of  Lake's  District  (see  Lake 
family).  They  had  eight  children,  viz :  James,  John,  Henry, 
Thomas,  Mary  (Polly),  Rebecca,  Sarah  (Sallie),  and  Ariana 
Hooper. 

James  Hooper,  son  of  James  and  Ariana  (Lake)  Hooper, 
married   Mary   (Polly)    Harrington.     Their  children   were: 


*  There  were  two  Richard  Pattisons  on  Taylor's  Island  at  this  time; 
one  of  them  was  **  Squire  Dickey;'*  the  other  came  to  Orchard  Creek, 
Taylor's  Island,  Md.,  from  Calvert  County. 


334  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Mary  E.  (died  in  childhood  from  accident);  sons,  Samuel, 
James,  John  H.,  Stewart  and  Thomas  H.  Hooper.  John  H. 
Hooper,  of  this  family,  married  his  cousin,  Mary  A.  Hooper. 
(They  eloped.) 

John  Hooper,  son  of  James  and  Ariana  (Lake)  Hooper, 
married  Miss  Mary  S.  Tucker,  daughter  of  Capt.  Thomas 
Tucker,  of  Galesville,  Md.  John  Hooper  died  on  Hooper's 
Island  in  the  sixty-third  year  of  his  age.  His  wife,  Mary  S. 
Tucker,  was  bom  September  17,  1790;  died  June  9,  1854. 

Of  their  twelve  children — 

Thomas  was  bom  in  1808;  died  in  1868.  He  married  Miss 
Eliza  McNamara.  They  had  eight  children.  The  survivors 
are  Maria  Lake  Hooper,  who  married  Capt.  Jno.  W.  Stewart; 
Captain  Timothy  A.  Hooper,  and  Capt.  Luther  Hooper. 

John  Hooper,  son  of  John  and  Mary  S.  Tucker  Hooper, 

bom  ;  died  September  21,  1840,  married  Miss  Susan 

McNamara;  had  two  sons,  William  and  Charles  Hooper. 
Susan  McNamara  Hooper  (widow),  married  Capt.  George 
Mister. 

Harriet  Hooper,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  S.  Tucker 
Hooper,  married  William  Andrews  in  "Lakes."  They  had 
one  daughter,  Qara,  who  married  Dr.  Edward  L.  Johnson. 

Fannie  Hooper,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  S.  Tucker 
Hooper,  married  Capt.  Severn  Mister.  She  was  bom  March 
3,  1814;  died  November  3,  1902,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year 
of  her  age.  Their  children  were  Cornelia  McNamara,  widow 
of  Jerome  McNamara;  Maria  Frances  Insley,  wife  of  Rich- 
ard H.  Insley;  Ariana  Insley,  wife  of  Capt.  Corbin  Insley, 
and  James  E.  Mister,  of  Baltimore,  Md. 


THE   KEENE   FAMILY, 

(By  Mrs,  Hester  Dorsey  Richardson,) 

There  is  no  name  in  the  annals  of  Dorchester  County  more 
conspicuous  for  service  in  legislative  hall  and  on  the  field  than 
that  of  Keene. 


THE   KEENES 


335 


The  first  of  the  family  in  Dorset  was  Capt.  John  Keene, 
of  the  Colonial  Militia,  who  inherited  from  his  father  all  his 
lands  in  Dorchester  County.  These  included  Keene's  Neck, 
a  tract  of  250  acres  on  Hunger  River,  patented  to  Richard 
Keene,  November  25,  1665;  "Keene's  Neglect,"  "Clark's 
Outhold"  and  other  large  tracts  on  Slaughter  Creek,  which 
have  descended  for  many  generations. 


Itcctic  Hnii0« 


Richard  Keene,  of  "Richard's  Manor,"  in  Calvert  County, 
emigrated  to  Maryland  prior  to  1637,  from  his  home  in 
Wordstown,  Surrey,  England. 

That  he  was  a  man  of  wealth  and  refinement  the  bequests 
of  personal  estate  leaves  no  doubt.  At  a  period  when  the 
colonist  was  deemed  fortunate  to  possess  the  barest  neces- 
sities we  find  Richard  Keene  (1672)  devising  six  dozen  nap- 
kins, dozens  of  pillow  cases,  table  cloths,  etc.,  18  pewter 


336  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER   COUNTY 

dishes,  3  dozen  pewter  plates,  18  leather  chairs,  mahogany 
tables,  great  chests,  bedroom  furniture,  silver  plate  in  large 
quantity.  In  addition  to  these  evidences  of  luxurious  living, 
Richard  Keene  left  many  servants,  both  white  and  black, 
thousands  of  acres  of  land  and  thirty  thousand  pounds  of 
tobacco,  which,  in  that  day,  was  the  currency  of  the  Province. 

Upon  attaining  his  majority,  the  first  of  the  Dorchester 
Keenes  took  up  his  residence  in  the  county  upon  the  lands 
devised  to  him  by  his  father,  from  which  time  until  the  pres- 
ent the  name  has  been  prominent  in  the  social  and  political 
history  of  the  county. 

In  the  year  171 2  Capt.  John  Keene,  one  of  the  military 
officers  of  Dorchester  County,  was  also  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
which,  in  that  day,  was  a  Judge  of  the  County  Court. 

As  both  the  military  and  civil  officers  of  the  colony  were 
by  commission  from  the  Lords  Baltimore,  much  more  im- 
portance attached  to  the  appointments  than  in  these  days  of 
political  rivalry. 

In  the  year  1734  Benjamin  Keene  was  also  commissioned 
to  be  a  Justice  for  Dorchester  County,  in  which  capacity  he 
continued  to  serve  for  many  years. 

In  the  Revolutionary  War,  the  Keenes  of  Dorchester 
County  figured  conspicuously  as  officers  and  members  of 
the  Committee  of  Safety. 

Richard  Keene,  grandson  of  Richard,  of  Calvert  County, 
married  Susannah  Pollard.  They  had  nine  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Seven  of  the  sons  emigrated  to  Kentucky.  These 
pioneer  brothers  settled  in  Scott  County,  where  in  an  old 
cemetery  they  and  many  of  their  descendants  lie  buried. 
Three  of  the  sons  of  Richard  and  Susannah  took  Holy  Orders 
like  their  kinsman  across  the  sea,  Edward  Keene,  Lord 
Bishop  of  Ely  and  of  Chester,  and  became  clergymen  in  the 
Episcopal  Church. 

These  were  William,  John  and  Samuel,  the  latter  remained 
in  Maryland.  He  was  ordained  in  Fulham  Palace,  London, 
in  the  year  1760,  and  later  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 


THE  KEENES  337 

the  Washington  College,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  Stand- 
ing Committee  of  Examiners. 

At  one  time  the  Rev.  Samuel  Keene  was  rector  of  St. 
Anne's  Parish  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  also  of  St.  Luke's, 
of  Queen  Anne's  County;  St.  John's,  of  Caroline  and  Queen 
Anne's,  and  St.  Michaels,  of  Talbot  County. 

Richard  Raynal  Keene,  the  talented  young  lawyer,  whose 
elopement  with  Eleanore  Martin,  the  beautiful  young  daugh- 
ter of  Luther  Martin,  the  distinguished  Baltimore  priest,  was 
the  social  sensation  of  the  year  1802,  was  of  this  Eastern 
Shore  family  of  Keenes. 

Among  the  children  and  grandchildren  of  the  pioneer 
brothers  of  Kentucky  were  some  talented  men  and  charming 
women. 

Wm.  B.  Keene,  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  Tubman,  of 
Dorchester  County,  was  the  founder  and  orator  of  the  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Society  of  Baltimore  in  1799.  Subse- 
quently he  rejoined  his  family  in  Kentucky  and  later,  like 
many  of  his  kinsmen,  journeyed  farther  South.  He  died  in 
Louisiana  in  1857. 

Rev.  John  Keene,  one  of  the  pioneer  brothers  of  Kentucky, 
a  clergyman  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  married  Miss  Young, 
of  Maryland.  Their  son,  Samuel  Young  Keene,  surgeon 
in  the  Revolutionary  Army,  was  bom  in  Kentucky,  where  he 
married  one  of  his  Keene  cousins.  After  her  death  he 
returned  to  Maryland  and  married  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Howes  Goldsborough,  and  his  cousin,  Rebecca,  granddaugh- 
ter of  Judge  Robert  Goldsborough,  of  Cambridge,  Md. 

Their  children  were  John  Henry  Keene,  the  distinguished 
Baltimore  lawyer  and  author,  and  a  daughter,  Mary  Ann 
Keene. 

John  Henry  Keene,  late  of  Lauraville,  Baltimore  County, 
married  Sarah  Dorsey  Lawrence,  daughter  of  Capt.  Levin 
Lawrence,  of  the  Flying  Camp  of  the  Revolutionary  Army, 
and  Sarah  Dorsey,  daughter  of  "Wild  Caleb"  Dorsey. 

Their  children  are  John  Henry  Keene,  a  prominent  lawyer 
of  Baltimore;  Mrs.  W.  Pinkney  Craig,  Miss  Mary  Hollings- 


338  HISTORY  OP  |X>RCHESTER  CX)UNTY 

worth  Craig;,  and  Miss  Laura  Eleanora  Keene,  of  Govans- 
town,  Baltimore  County. 

Mary  Ann  Keene  married  John  Hollingsworth,  son  of 
Judge  Zebulon  HoUingsworth,  of  Maryland. 

The  venerable  Samuel  Young  Keene,  of  Georgetown, 
Ky.,  is  the  most  direct  descendant  of  the  pioneer  Kentucky 
Keene  settlers  who  went  from  Maryland  nearly  two  hundred 
years  ago. 

Mr.  John  Henry  Keene,  of  Baltimore,  is  the  last  male 
descendant  of  his  father's  line,  but  in  Dorchester  County 
there  are  a  number  of  families  which  still  bear  the  proud  old 
name,  while  other  families  identified  with  the  early  Wstory 
of  the  State  are  lineal  descendants  of  the  colonial  Keenes 
through  the  daughters.  This  is  true  of  the  Goldsboroughs, 
Dorseys  and  other  Dorchester  County  families. 

The  Kentucky  Keenes  intermarried  with  the  Crittendens, 
Fauntleroys,  Theobalds,  Buckners,  Sayres,  Johnsons,  Will- 
motts,  Conns  and  Warrens. 

An  interesting  and  highly-prized  coat-of-arms  has  de- 
scended in  several  branches  of  the  Keene  family.  Recently 
an  old  silver  coffeepot  of  colonial  design  was  accidentally 
found  in  an  old  antique  shop  with  the  Keene  arms  on  one  side 
and  a  Keene  monogram  on  the  other.  Unfortunately,  a 
stranger  secured  this  interesting  and  valuable  heirloom 
before  one  of  the  family  could  rescue  it. 

THE   KIRWAN    FAMILY. 

SOLOMON  F.   KIRWAN. 

The  first  settlers  of  the  family  of  Kirwans  who  came  to 
Maryland  about  1650  were  three  brothers,  John,  Thomas  and 
David,  who  came  from  England  and  first  located  in  Somerset 
County,  near  Dame's  Quarter.  A  short  time  thereafter, 
John,  the  great-great-grandfather  of  Solomon  F.  Kirwan, 
came  over  to  Dorchester  and  settled  near  Pritchett's  Cross- 
roads, in  that  part  of  the  county  now  called  Lakes  district. 
He  had  several  sons,  Peter,  John  and  Thomas.  Descendants 
of  John  and  Thomas  now  live  in  Lakes. 


THE   KIRWANS  339 

Peter  Kirwan,  grandfather  of  Solomon  F.  Kirwan,  set- 
tled in  a  locality  in  Lakes,  now  called  Kirwan's  Neck,  on  the 
premises  now  the  home  of  Capt.  S.  A.  Tyler.  He  married 
a  Miss  Taylor,  by  whom  he  had  six  sons,  John,  Peter,  Daniel, 
Thomas,  Solomon  and  Mathias.  By  his  second  wife,  who 
was  a  Miss  Keene,  he  had  one  son,  Zebulon. 

He  was  interested  in  maritine  pursuits  as  well  as  in  farm- 
ing. He  built  a  large  sea-going  vessel  named  the  "Mason" 
about  1788,  on  World's  End  Creek,  where  there  was  a  public 
landing  and  shipyard  for  many  years.  Hand-sawed  timber 
was  the  staple  commodity  of  that  section  in  those  days.  At 
his  death  his  son  Solomon  became  the  owner  of  the  home- 
stead, which,  at  his  death,  became  the  property  of  his  son, 
Solomon  F.  Kirwan. 

Solomon  Kirwan,  son  of  Peter  and  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, Solomon  F.  Kirwan,  was  a  seafaring  man  for  nearly 
half  his  life,  in  the  coasting  and  West  India  trade. 

After  he  retired  from  the  sea  and  settled  on  shore,  he 
entered  political  life.  He  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  five 
years;  elected  Sheriff  in  1817,  and  reelected  in  1821;  he 
was  County  Commissioner  for  four  years.  He  died  at  the 
age  of  seventy-five  years. 

Solomon  F.  Kirwan,  son  of  the  deceased,  was  bom  June 
10,  1814,  being  now  eighty-eight  years  of  age.  Like  his 
father,  when  a  young  man,  he  embarked  as  a  sailor  on  the 
sea  for  some  years,  but  returned  home  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  the  sailing  vessel  trade.  Following  in  the  polit- 
ical footsteps  of  his  father,  he  was  ten  years  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace;  four  years  a  County  Commissioner,  and  four  years 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Orphans'  Court. 

He  married  Susan  Travers,  daughter  of  Col.  John  Travers, 
of  Hooper's  Island.  He  is  now  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness, but  is  enjoying  good  health  where  he  now  resides,  at 
Lloyds,  Dorchester  County,  Md.  His  children  are  William 
E.  Kirwan,  shifKhandler  in  Baltimore;  he  married  Annie 
Meekins,  daughter  of  George  H.  Meekins,  of  Dorchester 


340  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER  COUNTY 

County;  A.  C.  Kirwan,  United  States  Shipping  Commis- 
sioner at  Baltimore,  married  Miss  Koefoed,  of  Taylor's 
Island;  John  F.  Kirwan,  Captain  of  the  steamer  "Susque- 
hanna," who  married  Miss  Edmonds,  of  Baltimore;  Solomon 
F.  Kirwan,  Jr.,  merchant  at  Lloyds,  married  Miss  Robinson, 
daughter  of  A.  J.  Robinson,  of  Dorchester  County. 

The  surviving  daughters,  Martina  Kirwan,  married  S. 
Cowart,  of  Northumberland  County,  Va.,  and  Sallie  C.  Kir- 
wan married  H.  H.  Travers,  of  Dorchester  County. 

Of  the  brothers  of  Peter  Kirwan,  John  and  Thomas,  who 
settled  near  what  is  now  called  Lakesville,  John  was  Ensigii 
in  Capt.  Timothy  McNamare's  militia  company,  called 
"Friends  to  America,"  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  His 
son,  John  Kirwan,  called  Big  John,  died  about  1856,  he 
married  Sallie  Pritchett,  daughter  of  Elijah  and  Rachael 
Pritchett;  she  died  at  Crapo,  at  the  advanced  age  of  96  years, 
in  1880.  Their  children  were  Katie  (who  never  married, 
died  at  the  age  of  eighty-two  years),  John,  Thomas  William 
and  Jane.  John,  now  deceased,  married  Elizabeth  Pritchett, 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Manie  Pritchett.  Their  surviving 
children  are  Arthur  J.,  Jennie  (Kirwan)  Foxwell,  George  E., 
Fannie  (Kirwan)  Hart  and  John  S.  Kirwan. 

Thomas  Kirwan,  now  deceased,  married  three  times;  first, 
Sallie  Evans,  by  whom  were  born  two  children,  Eliza  (Kir- 
wan) Denny,  deceased,  and  Thomas  H.  Kirwan,  now  living 
at  Lakesville.  His  second  wife  was  Mary  Dean;  left  no  sur- 
viving children;  and  his  third  wife  was  Nancy  (Phillips) 
Wroten,  widow.  Their  children  are  Martha  (Kirwan), 
Wheatley  and  Benj.  F.  Kirwan. 

William  Kirwan  married  Elizabeth  Jones,  of  Baltimore. 

Jane  Kirwan  married  Alza  Willey,  who  left  one  surviving 
daughter,  Sarah  E.  Willey,  who  first  married  John  Simmons, 
who  died,  leaving  widow  and  three  sons,  viz:  William  H., 
James  E.  and  Charles  W.  Simmons.  Sarah  E.  Simmons, 
widow,  married  Capt.  Henry  Nicely,  of  Virginia,  who  was 
accidentally  killed  on  a  sail  vessel  in  Chesapeake  Bay. 


THE  LAKES  341 

Thomas  Kirwan,  a  brother  of  Peter  and  John,  also  lived 
in  Lakes;  he  married  a  Miss  Wheatley;  one  of  their  children, 
John  D.  Kirwan,  married  Lavina)  Wingate,  daughter  of 
Pritchett  Wingate.  Their  children  were  John  S.  Kirwan 
and  Andrew  Washington  Kirwan.  Capt.  John  S.  Kirwan  now 
resides  in  Baltimore,  is  engaged  in  the  oyster  trade  and 
commission  business.  He  married  Mary  A.  Windsor, 
daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Windsor.  Their  chil- 
dren are  William  C  Kirwan,  oyster  and  fruit  conmiission 
merchant;  he  married  Miss  Lynch,  of  Baltimore.  John  E. 
Kirwan,  oyster  and  West  India  fruit  merchant;  married 
Miss  Dora  Stein,  of  Baltimore.  Delia  Kirwan,  deceased, 
married  Capt.  Samuel  Todd.  Fannie  G.  married  Capt.  Sam, 
Smith,  now  deceased.  Capt.  Charles  S.  (single),  engaged  in 
the  oyster  and  West  India  fruit  trade.  Mary  Flora  married 
Jacob  Barnes.  Capt.  Fred.  N.  (single),  engaged  in  the  oys- 
ter and  West  India  fruit  trade. 

Andrew  Washington  Kirwan,  brother  of  Capt.  John  S., 
was  a  volunteer  in  Company  B,  under  Capt.  John  E.  Graham, 
in  the  First  Eastern  Shore  Regiment  of  Infantry,  during  the 
Civil  War.     He  died  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

The  Kirwans  have  universally  borne  an  enviable  reputation 
through  successive  generations  as  patriots,  soldiers,  mariners, 
merchants  and  in  other  business  relations,  wherever  engaged. 

f 

THE  LAKE  FAMILY. 

The  Maryland  branch  of  the  Lake  family,  who  left  England 
on  account  of  religious  persecutions  following  the  death  of 
Charles  I.,  have  a  family  tradition  that  they  descended 
from  the  old  established  family  of  that  name  in  England,  of 
which  Edward  Lake,  LL.D.,  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of 
Lincoln,  a  devoted  adherent  of  Charles  L,  for  whom  he  fought 
at  the  battle  of  Naseby,  and  was  there  wounded  sixteen  times, 
was  given  by  the  King  a  coat-of-augmentation,  and  an  addi- 
tional coat-of-arms,  and  was  also  made  a  baronet,  with  the 
privilege  of  naming  his  successor  to  the  title.     However,  no 


342 


HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 


patent  was  taken  out  by  him  before  the  time  of  his  death  in 
1674.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  g^randnephew,  Sir  Bibye 
Lake,  Sub-Governor  of  the  African  Company,  who  was  also 
created  a  baronet,  October  17,  171 1.     (See  coat-of-arms.) 

Some  members  of  the  Lake  family  are  said  to  have  left 
Maryland  and  settled  in  Virginia  and  New  Jersey,  of  whom 
descended  Capt.  George  Blocker  Lake,  late  of  Edgefield,  S. 
C,  Thomas  Harden  Lake,  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  Mrs.  Julia 
Lake  Crawford,  of  New  York. 


Xafie  Btma. 

The  first  of  the  name  of  Lake  found  of  record  in  Maryland, 
is  "Robert  Lake,"  an  inhabitant  of  the  Isle  of  Kent,  Planter, 
mentioned  in  Court  proceedings  February  12,  1637,  as  hav- 
ing been  engaged  in  Claiborne's  Rebellion  in  1635.  He 
was  then  seventeen  years  of  age  as  appears  by  his  deposition 
February  22,  1639.  There  are  also  three  emigrants  named 
on  Brewer's  list  of  early  settlers,  1634  to  1689,  to  wit:  "J^l^*^ 
Lake,  1658,"  "George  Lake,  1661,"  "John  Lake,  1661." 
Various  tracts  of  land  were  patented  by  the  Lakes;  Robert 
Lake,  tract  called  "Luck,"  in  1713;  Rev.  Charles  Lake,  tract 


THE  LAKES  343 

called  "Lake's  Discovery,"  in  1742;  Henry  Lake,  tract  called 
"Lake's  Enclosure,"  in  1749;  Henry  Lake,  tract  called 
"Lake's  Hazard,"  in  1760;  Henry  Lake,  tract  called  ^Tar 
Kiln  Ridge." 

Robert  Lake's  will  proven  August,  1716,  wife,  Jane  Lake, 
executrix.  Henry  Lake,  Sr.,  will  proven  July  7,  1760;  co 
his  daughters,  Sarah  Lake  and  Arana  Hooper,  he  bequeaths 
personal  property,  stock,  etc.  Had  only  one  son,  "Henry." 
Does  not  mention  any  land  by  patent  name.  He  closes  his 
bequest  as  follows: 

"I  give  and  bequeath  unto  Mary,  my  bdoved  wife,  and 
my  son,  Henry  Lake,  my  royell  and  parsinal  estate  during 
her  life  or  widowhood  which  shall  first  happen,  my  parsinally 
estate  to  be  equally  divided  between  my  wife  and  her  son 
if  ever  she  should  marry,  and  if  not,  all  to  my  son  Henry  after 
her  death,  to  him  and  his  heirs  forever  if  he  live  the  longest." 

By  request  of  his  mother  to  Mr.  James  Auld,  commissary 
of  Dorchester  County,  August  11,  1760,  Henry  Lake  was 
appointed  administrator. 

Rev.  Charles  Lake,  Rector  of  St.  James  Parish  and  Royal 
Qerk  Anne  Arundel  County,  will  proven  August  15,  1764, 
leaves  books,  papers,  etc.,  to  the  Rev.  Samuel  Keene  and  Mr. 
William  Keene.  His  lands  in  Dorchester  having  been  pre- 
viously sold. 

Henry  Lake,  only  son  of  Henry  Lake,  Sr.,  was  bom  1739, 
died  November  20,  1804,  married  Rhoda  Jewett  about  1762, 
commissioned  Captain  of  a  company,  Dorchester  County 
Militia  in  Col.  Wm.  Travers'  Battalion,  Brigadier-General 
Henry  Hooper's  Corps,  May  16,  1776;  recommissioned  Cap- 
tain July,  1778. 

During  the  Revolutionary  War  a  force  of  British  led  by 
some  Tories  came  in  a  boat  to  Captain  Lake's  house  for  the 
purpose  of  arresting  him  and  destroying  his  property.  His 
daughter  Lovey,  a  handsome  and  spirited  girl,  was  so  in- 
censed at  the  mistreatment  of  her  father,  and  of  herself  in 
their  trying  to  take  the  silver  buckles  oflf  her  shoes,  be- 
came so  defiant  that  she  was  pushed  into  a  back  room  of  the 


344  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER  COUNTY 

dwelling  and  so  enraged  the  Tories  that  they  set  the  house 
on  fire.  She  succeeded  in  putting  out  the  fire  and  escaping 
by  a  back  window;  running  across  the  fields  back  of  the 
house,  she  found  some  of  her  father's  company  who  came  to 
his  rescue,  and  firing  upon  the  British  and  Tories,  drove  them 
back  to  their  boats  without  their  prisoner. 

Captain  Lake's  wife,  Rhoda,  also  resisted  the  arrest  of  her 
husband  and  took  hold  of  him  by  the  arm  and  said  that  he 
should  not  be  taken  prisoner.  She  held  him  so  securely 
that  a  soldier  in  trying  to  force  her  to  turn  him  loose,  stuck 
a  bayonet  in  her  arm.  (The  foregoing  is  a  tradition,  authen- 
ticated by  the  older  members  of  the  family.) 

Capt.  Henry  Lake  was  appointed  by  Governor  Smallwood, 
State's  Judge  or  Justice  of  Dorchester  County,  qualified  May 
6,  1786.  He  was  appointed  "High  SherifF*  of  the  county, 
and  qualified  after  executing  a  bond  of  Ten  Thousand 
Pounds,  current  money,  October  24,  1797.  Capt.  Henry 
Lake  and  wife,  Rhoda,  are  btiried  in  the  Lake  Homestead 
on  Honga  River,  Lake's  District.  The  inscription  on  his 
tomb  is  as  follows: 

Here  lieth  the  body  of  the  once  very  ufeful 

HENRY  LAKE 

A  lover  of  juftice,  Truth,  and  the  Religion  of  Jefus  Christ, 
who  departed  this  life  November  28th.,  1804.,  about  the  65th. 
year  of  his  age. 

"The  serpent  need  not  gape  for  prey» 

Nor  Death  his  Vict'ry  boaft, 
For  Jefus  takes  the  fting  away, 

And  all  their  power  is  loft. 
Then  let  the  Juft  with  Jefus  fleep, 

In  undisturbed  repofe, 
And  only  lie  thus  buried  deep, 

To  rife  as  once  he  rofe." 

Capt.  Henry  Lake  believed  it  to  be  unjust  to  hold  servants 
in  perpetual  bondage,  hence  he  manumitted  several  of  his 
slaves  before  his  death. 


THE  LAKES  345 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF   HENRY    LAKE-STATE'S  JUDGE  OR 

JUSTICE. 

Messrs.  Benjamin  Keene  and  Henry  Lake,  two  of  the 
gentlemen  nominated  in  the  Commission  of  the  Peace  here- 
inafter recorded,  came  into  Court  and  accepted  the  said 
appointment  and  were  accordingly  qualified  as  two  of  the 
^ustides  of  the  Peace  in  and  for  this  county  by  taking,  repeat- 
ing and  subscribing  to  the  Oath  of  Fidelity  and  support  of 
the  State  of  Maryland  by  repeating  and  subscribing  the 
Declaration  of  their  belief  in  the  Christian  Religion,  and  by 
taking  and  repeating  the  Oath  of  Judge  or  Justiqe. 

Record — Minutes  of  Court  of  1786,  Tuesday,  May  16. 
folio  32. 

State  of  Maryland,  Dorchester  County,  Set : 

I,  Charles  Lake,  Qerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  Dorches- 
ter County  do  certify  that  the  foregoing  are  truly  copied 
from  the  records  of  Dorchester  County  and  now  on  file  in 
this  office. 

In  Testimony  Whereof,  I  hereunto  subscribe  my  name 
and  affix  the  seal  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  Dorchester  County, 
this  seventeenth  day  of  October,  A.  D.  1898. 

Charles  Lake,  Clerk. 

Lake's  District  appears  to  be  the  only  district  in  Dorches- 
ter County  bearing  the  name  of  an  individual,  that  honor 
and  distinction  having  been  conferred  upon  the  County's 
High  Sheriff  and  "useful"  citizen,  Capt.  Henry  Lake. 

CHILDREN  OF    CAPT.   HENRY   LAKE  AND   WIFE  RHODA. 

1.  Henry,  drowned  at  sea. 

2.  Elizabeth,  married  Thomas  Barnes. 

3.  Mary,  married  Moses  Barnes. 

4.  Lavina  (Lovey),  married  John  Stewart  McNamara.* 


^John  Stewart   McNamara  was  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 
He  was  a  man  of  means  and  influence  and  was  bondsman  for  Capt.  Henry 


346  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

5.  William,  married  Elizabeth  Hart,  October  24,  1791. 

6.  Levin,  married,  i,  Mary  Keene;  2,  Maria  Muir. 

7.  George,  married,  Mary  Boyne  Slacombe*  (Slacum). 

8.  Washington,  married  Margaret  Slacum. 

CHILDREN    OF  JOHN    STEWART   McNAMARA  AND  WIFE, 
LOVEY    (LAKE),    DAUGHTER  OF  HENRY   LAKE. 

1.  William,  married Partridge. 

2.  Susan,  married,  i,  John  Hooper;  2,  Capt.  George  Mis- 
ter.    Beverly  W.  Mister,  Esq.,  of  Baltimore,  is  a  descendant. 

3.  Zippora,  married  John  Hooper. 

4.  Rhoda,  married  Slater  Cowart. 

5.  Henry  L.,  bom  April  30,   1803;  died,  December  2^, 
1844;  married  Harriett  Lake. 


CHILDREN  OF  WILLIAM  McNAMARA  AND  WIFE 

(PARTRIDGE). 


1.  Sarah,  married  Benjamin  F.  Gator,  of  Baltimore,  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  firm  of  Armstrong,  Gator  &  Go. 

2.  Susan,  married,  i, Wilcox;  2,  Gov.  Holliday  Hicks, 

of  Maryland. 

SLACOMBE   NOTES. 

Gabriel  Slacom  (Slacombe)  was  an  officer  of  the  crew  of 
the  Privateer  "Sturdy  Beggar,"  sailing  under  Letters  of  Mar- 
que, commissioned'  in  1776  and  1777.  He  was  captured  and 
imprisoned  for  several  years  in  England;  finally  escaped  to 
France  and  reached  his  home  after  an  absence  of  seven  years, 
broken  in  health  from  serious  wounds  received  at  the  time 


Lake  on  bond  for  10,000  Pounds,  current  money,  as  High  Sheriff  for 
Dorchester  County  in  1797.  Colonel  McNamara  died  July  8,  1823,  in  the 
68th  year  of  his  age. 

^  Mary  Boyne  Slacombe  (Slacum)  Lake  was  the  daughter  of  Gabriel 
Slacum,  of  Maryland,  and  Catherine  Boyne,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Boyne,  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  of  the  old  Irish  family  of  Boyne. 


THE  LAKES  347 

of  his  dapture.  His  family  had  long  since  thotught  him  dead. 
His  ancestor  was  George  Slacombe,  "A  German  Borne." 
Citizenship  was  given  him  by  Naturalization  Act,  passed 
June  II,  1697.    (See  Maryland  Archives.) 

Others  of  his  descendants  were  loyal  to  King  George  III. 
during  the  Revolutionary  War.  (See  Memorial  of  Capt. 
Thos.  Sparrow,  1777,  relating  to  mistreatment  received  by 
him  in  Dorchester  County,  "in  recruiting  for  matrosses," 
from  Mr.  George  Slaombe  and  others;  Mr.  George  Sla- 
combe afterwards  moved  to  Alexandria,  Va.  His  daughter 
married  Col.  Charles  May  of  the  U.  S.  Army.  Mrs.  Herman 
Oelrichs,  Sr.,  of  Baltimore,  was  their  descendant.) 

Several  families  of  Slacombes,  who  are  descendants  of  the 
old  family  above-named,  are  residents  of  Lake's  District  at 
this  time. 

Some  of  the  descendants  of  Capt.  Henry  Lake,  of  Revolu- 
tionary fame,  were  in  the  War  of  181 2,  and  others  were  loyal 
Southerners;  of  them,  the  following  named  served  in  the 
Confederate  Army : 

Levin  Lake,  Captain  and  Quartermaster,  second  officer 
commissioned  by  State  of  Mississippi  in  1861;  served 
throughout  the  war,  especially  distinguished  in  supplying 
Gen.  Jos.  E.  Johnston's  army  with  provisions  at  Rome  and 
Atlanta  in  spring  of  1864. 

Albert  Crawford  Lake  (son  of  Levin),  Private  in  Stan- 
ford's Battery. 

Charles  Henry  Lake  (son  of  Henry  S.),  Private  in  Stan- 
ford's Battery. 

Gea  W.  Lake,  Jr.  (son  of  Geo.  W.),  Private  in  Stanford's 
Battery. 

George  Lake  (son  of  William),  Private  in  Stanford's  Bat- 
tery, and  chief  clerk  in  army  works,  Deniopolis,  Ala. 

Robert  Pinkney  Lake,  M.D.,  Surgeon  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia. 

Gabriel  Perry  Lake,  Captain  Company  Mississippi  Cavalry 
(George  and  Armstrong's  Brigaile). 


348  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Augustus  Washington  Lake  (son  of  William),  Private  Fif- 
teenth Mississippi  Regiment,  wounded  at  battle  of  Shiloh, 
afterwards  chief  clerk  in  surgeon's  office  at  Grenada,  Miss., 
to  close  of  war. 

Walter  Scott  Lake  (son  of  William),  with  General  Jack- 
son's escort  and  Ordnance  Sergeant,  Seventh  Tennessee 
Regiment. 

Richard  Pinkney  Lake  (son  of  William),  Second  Lieuten- 
ant, Capt.  R.  E.  Wynne's  Company,  Mississippi  Cavalry,  and 
Second  Lieutenant  detached  service,  in  command  of  dis- 
mounted men  of  Brigade  Mississippi  Cavalry  (age  17),  at 
close  of  war. 

Edwin  B.  Lake  (son  of  Captain  Levin),  with  Texas  forces, 
was  drowned  and  frozen  in  an  expedition  to  capture  a  Fed- 
eral gunboat  oflf  Brownsville,  Tex.,  in  winter  of  1863. 

James  Bushrod  Lake,  Jr.  (son  of  Jas.  Bushrod),  Captain 
and  A.  D.  C.  Staflf  Gen.  Bushrod  Johnson. 

Craig  Lake  (son  of  Jas.  Bushrod),  Maryland  Regiment 
Died  in  service  in  Virginia. 

Alexander  Fridge  Lake  (son  of  Henry,  of  Memphis),  Ten- 
nessee Regiment.     Killed  in  battle  of  Shiloh. 

Levin  Lake,  Jr.,  Volunteer  A.  D.  C.  Staff  General  Early's 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

James  F.  Mister,  captured  in  army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
after  exchange  was  Major  in  Battalion  Mississippi  Cavalry. 

Matthew  Keene  Mister,  Captain  and  A.  A.  G.  Brigade 
Mississippi  Cavalry. 

Wilbur  F.  Mister,  Chaplain  Army  of  Tennessee. 

William  Henry  McNamara,  Private  Mississippi  Cavalry. 

Lake McNamara,  Chaplain  Army  of  Northern  "Vir- 
ginia; died  in  service. 

George  W.  Lake,  clerk  in  Quartermaster's  Office,  Gren- 
ada, Miss. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  Hon.  William  A.  Lake,  of 
Vicksburg,  Miss.,  was  a  candidate  for  member  in  Confederate 
Congress,  when  he  was  killed  in  a  duel  with  has  opponent. 
Colonel  Chambers. 


THE  LAKES  349 

LAKE  FAMILY  CHARACTERISTICS. 

Light  or  red  hair,  florid  oomplexions,  well  built,  very  ener- 
getic, attentive  and  capable  in  their  business  occupations. 
They  revered  the  Christian  religion  and  were  members  of  the 
Church  of  England  until  the  days  of  Bishop  Asbury,  who 
swept  the  Eastern  Shore  with  a  religious  wave  of  Methodism 
soon  after  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  most  of  them  have 
been  members  of  the  Methodist  Church  since  that  period. 

They  were  noted  for  their  integrity  and  independence,  kind 
and  indulgent  to  their  families,  lovers  of  horses  and  the  ownr 
ership  of  land;  were  patriotic,  and  have  served  their  country 
in  all  of  its  wars — not  less  than  twenty  members  of  whom 
served  in  the  Southern  Army  during  the  late  Civil   War. 

GEORGE  LAKE,  SON  OF  CAPT.  HENRY  LAKE. 

George  Lake  (son  of  Henry  Lake  and  Rhoda  his  wife), 
bom  1776,  died  November  21,  1831.  Married  Mary  Boyne 
Slacum,  marriage  license  issued  October  23,  1802.  She  was 
bom  June  3,  1784,  and  died  September  21,  1872,  buried  at 
Grenada,  Miss.  (He  was  buried  at  "Locust  Grove"  Farm, 
Lake  District,  Dorchester  County,  Md.)  Mary  Boyne  Sla- 
cum was  the  daughter  of  Gabtiel  Slacum,  a  sailor  in  the  Rev- 
olutionary War,  who  married  Catherine  Boyne,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Boyne,  of  Dublin,  Ireland.  George  Lake  was  Captain 
Dorchester  County  Militia  in  War  of  1812-15;  Forty-eighth 
Regiment  (Jones)  Maryland  Detached  Service.  In  an  en- 
gagement with  General  Ross'  forces,  at  Honga  River  in  18 14, 
his  horse  was  shot  down  in  their  attack.  He  was  a  farmer 
and  merchant  and  also  member  of  Maryland  Legislature 
1827-28;  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  Andrew  Jackson. 

CHILDREN  OF  CAPT.  GEORGE  LAKE  AND  WIFE.  MARY  B. 

1.  Harriet,  married  Daniel  Barnes;  2,  Henry  L.  Mc- 
Namara. 

2.  Miriam,  married  John  Cowart. 

3.  Catherine,  married  Isaac  Creighton. 


350  HISTORY  OF  ]X)RCHESTER  COUNTY 

4.  Qarissa  H.,  married,  i,  William  Washington  Lake;  2, 
John  S.  Staplefort. 

5.  Julia  A.,  married  Matthew  Keene  Mister. 

6.  Clementine,  married  William  Lake. 

7.  Georgeanna,  married,  i,  Henry  S.  Lake;  2,  Major  Aug. 
Newton;  3,  Dr.  Joseph  B.  Tarpley. 

8.  Gabriel  Perry  Lake,  married,  i,  Henrietta  Crawford;  2, 
Mrs.  Kate  B.  Connelly;  3,  Mrs.  Nannie  K.  Moore. 

9.  Robert  Pinkney,  married  Virginia  Lightfoot,  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

10.  Louisa,  married  Col.  George  E.  Austin. 

WILLIAM   LAKE,   SON  OF  CAPT.   HENRY  LAKE. 

William  Lake  (son  of  Capt.  Henry  Lake  and  Rhoda  his 
wife),  bom  August  i,  1767;  died  April  5,  18 10;  married 
Elizabeth  Hart.  License  issued  October  21,  1791.  She  was 
bom  in  1772;  died  May  4,  1833,  in  the  62d  year  of  her  age. 
Both  buried  in  the  Lake  Homestead  Graveyard,  Dorchester 
County,  Md. 

INSCRIPTIONS    ON  TOMBSTONES. 

"In  memory  of  William  Lake,  who  was  bom  August  1, 
1767,  and  departed  this  life  April  5,  18 10,  aged  42  year-8 
mo®-4  days. 

Dear  travelers  all  who  pass  by  me 
Think  on  that  great  eternity, 
I  am  not  dead,  but  here  do  sleep, 
Tho'  buried  in  this  earth  so  deep, 
Till  the  Archangel  rends  the  skies 
And  Christ  my  Saviour  bids  me  rise." 


"In  memory  of  Elizabeth  Lake,  who  departed  this  life  May 
4,  1833,  in  the  62d  year  of  her  age." 


Lavinia  (Lovey)  Lake,   daughter  of  Capt.   Henry  Lake, 
bom  1766,  died  November  17,  1843.     Married  John  Stew- 


THE  LAKES  351 

art  McNamara,  license  issued  Januaiy  21,  1783,  Dorchester 
County,  Md. 

CHILDREN  OF  WILLIAM  LAKE  AND  WIFE  ELIZABETH 

(BETTY  HART). 

1.  Henry,  bom, ;  died, ;  married  Janet  Armour, 

of  Baltimore;  died  in  Memphis. 

2.  Robert  Hart,  bom, ;  died, ;  married  Mary  San- 
ders, of  Jackson,  Tenn. 

3.  William  Washington,  bom,  1812;  died,  April  12,  1839; 
married  Clarissa  H.  Lake,  Dorchester  County. 

4.  William  Washington  Lake  was  a  member  of  the  Mary- 
land Legislature;  was  a  popular  merchant  and  farmer  at 
Lakesville,  Lake's  District,  Dorchester  County. 

CHILDREN  OF  WILLIAM  WASHINGTON  AND  WIFE 

CLARISSA  H.   LAKE. 

1.  Charles,  bom  1836. 

2.  Cordelia,  bom,  ;  died,  ;  married  J.  Adrian 

Snider,  Coffeeville,  Miss. 

CHARLES   LAKE,  SON   OF  WILLIAM  WASHINGTON 'LAKE. 

Charles  Lake  (son  of  William  Washington  and  Qarissa  H. 
Lake,  his  wife)  was  bom  in  Lake's  District,  January  14,  1838. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Dorchester  County, 
Cambridge  Academy  and  Washington  College,  Chestertown, 
Md.;  and  married  Miss  Wilhelmina  Phillips,  of  Cambridge, 
Md.,  daughter  of  Richard  and  Mary  (Applegarth)  Phillips, 
his  wife,  in  i860.  Of  the  children  of  Charles  Lake  and  his 
wife,  four  of  them  are  dead  and  four  are  living,  namely: 
Qara  S.,  wife  of  Daniel  E.  Dail;  Edwin  S.,  who  married  Eliza- 
beth Mace;  Virginia  C,  wife  of  Levi  D.  Travers  Noble,  and 
Hattie  Pattison  Lake,  who  married  William  H.  Medford. 

For  some  years,  Charies  Lake  was  engaged  in  merchan- 
dising and  farming  at  Lakesville  prior  to  1879,  when  he  was 
elected  Clerk  of  Dorchester  County  Court,  and  has  been 


352  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

reelected  three  times  in  succession  to  the  same  office.  His 
fourth  term  will  expire  in  the  fall  of  1903,  when  he  will  have 
completed  twenty-four  years  of  service  as  Circuit  Court 
Clerk. 

LEVIN  LAKE,  SON   OF  CAPT.   HENRY  LAKE. 

Levin  Lake  (son  of  Capt.  Henry  Lake  and  wife  Rhoda) 
was  born  January  25,  1774,  died  February  14,  1826.  First 
married  Mary  Keene,  license  December  24,  1800,  both  of 
Dorchester  County.  He  was  a  planter  and  lived  in  Draw- 
bridge, Dorchester  County,  near  Salem,  Md.,  a  prominent 
and  successful  business  man.  Second  marriage  was  with 
Maria  Muir. 

CHILDREN  OF  LEVIN   LAKE  AND  WIFE  (MARY  KEENE). 

1.  William  Augustus,  bom  January  6,  1808;  died  October 
15,  1861. 

2.  James  Bushrod,  bom  December  13,  1811;  died  July  24, 
1884;  married  Louisa  Hooper  Craig,  December  13,  1832. 
She  was  bom  May  13,  181 5;  died,  January  4,  1892. 

CHILDREN  OF  LEVIN  LAKE  AND  WIFE  (MARIA  MUIR). 

I.  Annie   Lavinia,  bom,  ;   died,  ;   married,    i, 

Daniel  Nye;  2,  Col.  M.  K.  Mister,  Grenada,  Miss. 

* 

WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  SON  OF  LEVIN  LAKE  AND  WIFE 

(MARY   KEENE). 

William  A.  Lake  (son  of  Levin  Lake  and  wife  Mary),  bom, 
January  6,  1808;  died,  October  15,  1861;  married  Anne 
Eliza  Craig,  sister  of  his  brother  James  Bushrod's  wife,  and 
was  bom  December  25,  1810,  and  died  June  30,  1896.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1831.  Re- 
moved to  Vicksburg,  Miss.    Member  of  Mississippi  Legisla- 


THE  LAKES  353 

ture  and  Mississippi  Senate.  In  1856  was  a  member  of  United 
States  Congress,  Fourth  Congressional  District,  a  Whig  in 
politics,  though  elected  in  a  Democratic  district.  Was  can- 
didate for  the  Confederate  States  Congress  in  186 1.  Killed  in 
a  duel  by  Col.  Chambers,  of  Mississippi,  opposing  candidate, 
October  15,  1861,  at  Hopefield,  Ark.,  opposite  Memphis, 
Tenn.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer  and  planter,  and  an  influ- 
ential citizen,  greatly  beloved.  It  is  believed  that  his  death, 
which  caused  a  thrill  of  horror  throughout  the  Southern 
States,  was  the  cause  of  putting  a  stop  to  the  custom  of 
duelling;,  which  had  been  previously  so  much  practiced  in 
the  South. 

CHILDREN  OF  WILLIAM    A.   LAKE  AND  WIFE  (ANNE 

ELIZA   CRAIG). 

1.  Mary,  bom,  ;  died,  ;  married  Duff  Green, 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 

2.  Louisa,  bom, ;  died, ;  married Slaughter. 

3.  Alice,  bom, ;  married ^Jones. 

4.  Willie,  bom, ;  died, ;  unmarried. 

CHILDREN  OF  JAMES  BUSHROD  LAKE  AND  WIFE 

LOUISA  H.  (CRAIG). 

1.  William  Augustus,  bora  May  24,  1835;  died  April  28, 
1861 ;  married  Annie  S.  Eccleston,  Dorchester  County,  Md. 

2.  James  Bushrod,  born  October  4,  1837;  died  September 
30,  1896;  married,  i,  M.  R.  Thayer;  2,  Maggie  J.  Williams. 

3.  Levin,  bom  May  31,  1842;  married  Maggie  E.  William- 
son, Memphis,  Tenn. 

4.  Anne  Eliza,  born  June  16,  1840;  married  John  C.  Henry, 
Cambridge,  Md. 

5.  John  Craig,  bom  March  3,  1845;  died  March  i,  1864, 
Richmond,  Va.,  Confederate  Army. 

6.  Albert,   bom   December  8,    1846;   married  Annie   E. 
Lamb. 

7.  Ida,  bom  August  14,  1848. 


354  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER   CX)UNTY 

8.  Orloff,  bom  August  i,  1855;  married  Amanda  B. 
Spearing. 

9.  Duff  Green  Lake,  bom  September  4,  i860;  married  Ida 
M.  Wood,  New  Orleans,  La. 

WASHINGTON   LAKE,   SON   OF  CAPT.   HENRY   LAKE. 

Washingfton  Lake  (son  of  Henry  Lake  and  Rhoda  his  wife) 
was  born  1784  and  died  June  4,  1826;  married  Margaret  Sla- 
cum;  she  was  bom  in  1790,  died  February  4,  1855,  buried  in 
William  Andrews'  graveyard,  near  Ebenezer  Church,  Lake's 
District.  He  is  buried  in  the  Lake  Homestead  graveyard. 
Lake's  District,  Dorchester  County,  Md. 

INSCRIPTION  ON  TOMBSTONE. 

"In  memory  of  Washington  Lake,  who  departed  this  life 
June  4th,  1826,  in  the  43rd  year  of  his  age."  Farmer  and 
lived  in  Henry  Lake  Homestead  (Honga  River). 

Margaret  Andrews,  died  February  4,  1855,  aged  65  years 
(widow  of  Washington  Lake),  second  marriage  to  William 
Andrews,  First  Lieutenant  in  Dorchester  County  Militia, 
Forty-eighth  Regiment  (Jones)  Maryland,  War  1812-15. 

CHILDREN   OF  CAPT.  WASHINGTON  LAKE  AND  WIFE 

MARGARET  (SLACUM.) 

1.  Henry  Slacum,  bora ;  died, ;  married  George- 
anna  Lake. 

2.  Eliza,  born,  1810;  died,  1818. 

3.  William,  bom  April  19,  181 1;  died,  April  19,  1864; 
married  Qementine  Lake. 

4.  George  Washington,  bom,  ;  died,  August,  1878; 

married  Susan  Slacum. 

5.  Susan  (Parker),  bora, ;  died, . 

6.  Levin,  bora  September  7,  181 7;  married,  i,  Jane  Tyler; 
2,  Harriet  A.  Crawford. 

7.  Mary  Caroline,  bora, ;  married,  i, Bryerly;  2, 

Williams. 


THE  LAKES  355 

Margaret  (Slacum)  Lake  was  a  daughter  of  Marcellus 
Slacum  and  Susanna  (Keene)  Slacum;  married  April  24, 
1788. 

Susanna  Keene  (her  mother)  was  a  member  of  the  well- 
known  Keene  family,  of  Lake  District,  Dorchester  County. 

WILLIAM   LAKE,   SON  OF  CAPT.  WASHINGTON   LAKE. 

William  Lake  (son  of  Washington  Lake  and  Margaret 
[Slacum]),  bom  April  19,  181 1,  Dorchester  County,  Md. 
Moved  to  Grenada,  Miss.,  1836;  died  and  buried  there  April 
19,  1864;  married  Clementine  Lake,  September  27,  1836,  at 
"Locust  Grove,"  Lake's  District,  Md.  She  was  bom  Janu- 
ary 18,  1815,  died  August  7,  1884;  buried  at  Grenada,  Miss. 
A  wealthy  merchant,  a  useful  and  influential  citizen  of  Gren- 
ada, Miss.     Resided  there  about  twenty-eight  years. 

» 
■ 

CHILDREN   OF  WILLIAM  LAKE  AND   WIFE  CLEMENTINE. 

1.  Augustus  Washington,  bom  August  26,  1837;  married 
Annie  Mullen. 

2.  George,  bom  September  22,  1839;  married  David-Ella 
GoUaday  (2). 

3.  William  Henry,  bom  June  15,  1842;  died  October  31, 

1859. 

4.  Francis  Asbury,  bom  February  11,  1844;  died  January 

I7»  1845. 

5.  Walter  Scott,  born  December  12,  1845;  married  Grace 
B.  LaValle. 

6.  Richard  Pinkney,  bom  January  10,  1848;  married  Stella 
McKnight  Hoffa. 

7.  Alice  Estelle,  bom  August  20,  1850;  died  July  2,  1853. 

8.  Emma  Louisa,  born  June  11,  1852;  married  Edwin  L. 
Austin. 

9.  Ida,  bom  July  14,  1856;  married  Richard  H.  Winter. 


3S6  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

RICHARD   PINKNEY  LAKE,  SON   OF  WILLIAM  LAKE. 

Richard  Pinkney  Lake  (son  of  William  Lake  and  Clemen- 
tine), bom  January  lo,  1848,  Grenada,  Miss.;  married  Stella 
McKnight  HoflFa,  at  Auvergne  Plantation,  Grenada  County, 
Miss.,  January  22,  1878. 

CHILDREN   OF  RICHARD  P.  LAKE  AND  WIFE  STELLA 

(HOFFA.) 

1.  Richard  Henry. 

2.  Estelle. 

3.  Elizabeth  Donelson. 

4.  Robert  Pinkney. 

5.  Edith  Read. 

6.  Adele  Dorothy. 

7.  Donelson  Martin. 

8.  Alice  Maury. 

9.  Chas.  HoflFa. 

RICHARD   P.   LAKE'S  VISIT. 

Mr.  Richard  P.  Lake,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  was  in  our  city 
last  week.  He  has  bought  the  Old  Family  Homestead  on 
Honga  River,  in  Lake's  District,  where  his  ancestor,  Henry 
Lake,  Sr.,  died  in  1760,  which  later  was  the  home  of  his  great- 
grandfather, Capt.  Henry  Lake,  in  1776.  When  a  force 
of  British  and  Tories  came  to  capture  him,  they  were  met 
with  a  spirited  resistance,  aided  by  Captain  Lake's  wife  and 
daughter,  Lovey,  and  by  some  of  his  own  company,  who 
drove  the  British  back  to  their  boats. 

Capt.  Henry  Lake  was  High  SheriflF  of  this  county  in 
1797,  and  was  the  father  of  William,  Levin,  George  and 
Washington  Lake,  all  well  known  citizens  in  their  g;enera- 
tion.  This  place  was  also  the  scene  of  another  conflict, 
when,  in  1814,  the  British  attacked  a  land  forde  in  command 
of  Mr.  Lake's  maternal  grandfather,  Capt.  George  Lake, 
whose  horse  was  shot  down  by  a  cannon  ball  fired  from  one 
of  their  vessels.    Capt.  George  Lake  was  in  Jones'  Forty- 


THE  LAKES  357 

eighth  Regiment,  Maryland  Militia,  in  the  war  1812-15,  and 
represented  our  county  in  Maryland  Legislature  in  session  of 
1827-28. 

This  place  was  afterwards  owned  by  Mr.  Washington 
Lake  and  descended  to  his  son,  Levin,  an  uncle  of  Mr.  R* 
P.  Lake,  who  sold  it  to  Mr.  Albert  Johnson  in  about  1845, 
whose  sons  were  reared  there,  and  are  so  well  known  in 
financial  circles  in  our  National  Capital  and  in  this  county. 
Mr.  Lake  is  deeply  interested  in  Maryland  History  and  all 
that  pertains  to  Dorchester  County,  and  regrets  to  see  the 
lower  part  of  Lakes,  which  was  once  so  prosperous  now  so 
sadly  neglected  in  agridultural  developments.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Mississippi  Historical  Society,  also  of  the  Con- 
federate Veterans  Association  at'  Memphis  and  is  Aid-de- 
Camp  on  the  Staff  of  the  gallant  Lieut.-Gen.  Stephen  D.  Lee, 
of  the  Confederate  Veterans.  We  welcome  Mr.  Lake  as 
the  owner  of  the  home  of  his  Maryland  ancestors. — Demo- 
crat trnd  News. 

Richard  Pinkney  Lake,  financier,  was  born  in  Grenada, 
Miss.,  January  10,  1848.  His  father  was  William  Lake,  a 
wealthy  merchant  and  an  early  settler  of  Grenada,  Miss., 
who  was  descended  from  an  English  family  that  settled  at 
Eastern  Shore,  Md.,  about  1658.  His  line  was  represented 
in  all  the  early  American  wars;  among  others  his  great 
gfrandfather,  Henry  Lake,  Esq.,  was  commissioned  by  the 
Maryland  Council  of  Safety,  May  16,  1776,  Captain  of  a  com- 
pany, in  Brig.-Gen.  Henry  Hooper's  corps,  of  the  Maryland 
Militia.  Maternal  grandfather,  Capt.  George  Lake,  served 
in  48th  Regiment  Maryland  Militia,  detached  service,  in  1813, 
1814,  1815.  Paternal  grandfather,  Lieut.  Washington  Lake, 
Capt.  Wm.  McNamara's  detachment,  and  Capt.  George 
Lake's  company,  same  regiment,  1813,  1814  and  1815. 
Mr.  Lake  inherited  the  soldierly  spirit  of  his  ancestors,  and 
although  only  thirteen  years  of  age  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
Civil  War,  he  joined  the  Confederate  forces,  and  was  elected 
Second  Lieutenant  of  a  military  company  of  boys.  He  did 
not  see  active  service  until  1864,  when  he  served  as  Second 


358  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Lieutenant  of  a  cavalry  company  under  Colonel  Fisher,  and 
later  in  special  service,  was  in  command  of  dismounted  men 
in  a  brigade  of  Mississippi  State  forces  to  the  close  of  the 
war.  Returning  home  under  parole,  he  set  to  work  to 
recover  the  fortunes  of  his  family,  greatly  wasted  by  the  war, 
and  soon  he  became  a  successful  merchant,  planter  and 
banker.  The  political  troubles  of  the  times  demanded  his 
attention,  and  for  several  years  he  was  a  member  and  chair- 
man of  the  County  Democratic  Executive  Committee,  but 
when  the  question  of  negro  supremacy  was  settled  to  his 
satisfaction,  he  withdrew  from  active  politics.  In  1875, 
however,  while  attending  on  invitation  a  meeting  of  bankers 
and  financial  men  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  though  offering  no 
apology  for  the  past,  he  took  occasion  to  voice  the  renewed 
loyalty  of  the  South  to  the  Union,  thereby  assisting  towards  a 
stronger  reconciliation  between  the  States.  After  engaging 
for  some  years  in  various  banking  and  other  financial  under- 
takings, including  that  of  railroading,  being  a  director  in  the 
M.  &  T.  railroad  for  several  years,  and  its  Vice-President 
from  1882  to  1884.  Mr.  Lake  became  general  agent  in  Mis- 
sissippi in  1885  for  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  of 
New  York,  which  position  he  has  held  with  increasing  powers 
until,  in  1895,  he  was  appointed  general  manager  for  two 
States,  his  agency  having  its  headquarters  in  Memphis.  Mr. 
Lake  is  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Historical  Association 
of  Memphis,  and  attended  the  reunion  of  the  Confederate  vet- 
erans at  Richmond,  Va.,  in  July,  1896;  also  at  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  in  June,  1897,  when  he  was  appointed  Aid-de-Camp, 
with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  on  the  staff  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Stephen 
D.  Lee,  and  was  duly  commissioned  to  this  position,  which  he 
still  holds.  "In  January,  1878,  Mr.  Lake  was  married  to 
Stella  McKnight  Hoffa,  a  descendant  of  the  McKnight,  Reed 
and  Hoffa  families  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  the  Donelson  and 
Martin  families  of  Tennessee,  she  being  a  near  relative  of 
Rachel  Donelson  Jackson,  wife  of  President  Andrew  Jackson. 
Mr.  Lake  is  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Historical  Asso- 


THE  LAKES  359 

datian  of  Memphis;  Colonel  and  Quartermaster-General; 
member  of  staff  Lieut.-Gen.  Stephen  D.  Lee,  United  Con- 
federate Veterans;  Maryland  Historical  Society;  Mississippi 
Historical  Society;  Maryland  Branch  Society  of  the  War  of 
1812;  Maryland  Branch  Society  Sons  of  the  Revolution. 

OTHER  REFERENCES  TO  THE  LAKE  FAMILY. 

See  memoirs  of  the  Crawford  family,  which  comprise  the 
descendants  of  John  Crawford,  1660-1883,  with  notices  of  the 
Allied  Families,  by  Robert  L.  Crawford  and  Mrs.  Frank 
Armstrong  Vanderbilt  (Mrs.  Cornelius  Vanderbilt). 

THE  LAKE  FAMILY. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  the  Lake  family  came  from  Eng- 
land long  before  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  that  there  were 
three  brothers  who  were  early  settlers.  Of  these,  one  went 
to  Virginia  and  died  unmarried,  another  went  to  Maryland 
and  still  another  to  New  Jersey. 

The  brother  in  Maryland  had  children,  and  several  fami- 
lies near  Baltimore  are  his  descendants. 

RICHARD   LAKE. 

From  the  brother  in  New  Jersey,  Richard  Lake  was 
descended.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  married,  in 
1783,  Sarah  Landon.  He  was  an  ardent  patriot,  serving  in 
the  Revolutionary  Army  and  was  in  the  Army  when  it  was 
disbanded.  In  1784  he  removed  to  North  Carolina  and  in 
1793  to  Grove  County,  Ga.,  where  he  died  about  1800. 

CHILDREN   OF  RICHARD  AND    SARAH   (LANDON)   LAKE. 

1.  Abraham.  He  went  with  his  father  to  North  Carolina 
and  died  at  the  age  of  82. 

2.  Justus.  Lived  near  Saulsbury  and  Memphis,  Tenn., 
and  had  a  family. 

3.  James. 


360  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER  COUNTY 

4.  Joseph,  who  married  Margaret  Gaines  Scales. 

5.  Ellen,  married  Wm.  Bussey.  Judge  James  Bussey, 
of  Louisiana,  and  Augustus  Wright,  of  Florida,  who  gradu- 
ated at  Annapolis  are  descendants. 

6.  Polly,  married  Jack  Murphy. 

7.  Nancy,  married  James  Whalley. 

8.  Sarah,  married  Wm.  Ellis. 

The  Lake  family  were  noted  for  their  integrity,  virtue 
and  independence.  They  were  not  clannish;  indeed,  they 
were  so  absorbed  with  business  that  they  rarely  visited  one 
another. 

JOSEPH  LAKE  (SON  OF  RICHARD  AND  SARAH  [LANDON] 

LAKE). 

Joseph  Lake  was  bom  February  22,  1794,  married  Marga- 
ret Gaines  Scales,  daughter  of  Nicholas  and  Elizabeth  (Per- 
kins) Scales,  who  was  bom  February  5,  1802,  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Triune.  They  lived  in  Alabama.  He  died 
August  26,  1849.     She  died  May  21,  1846. 

CHILDREN   OF  JOSEPH   AND  MARGARET  LAKE. 

1.  Nicholas  Scales,  died  unmarried,  age  24. 

2.  Elizabeth  Perkins  Scales,  died  in  infancy. 

3.  Elizabeth  Pryor,  married  S.  Parker;  lived  in  Alabama. 

4.  James  Thadeus,  died  in  infancy. 

5.  Joseph,  died  in  infancy. 

6.  Thomas  Harden,  married,  i,  S.  Houston;  2,  Mrs. 
Gaines. 

7.  Margaret  Caroline,  married  James  Cobbs. 

8.  John  Jemison,  unmarried.  First  Lieutenant  of  Mobile 
Rifles,  killed  in  Civil  War  at  South  Mountain,  age  24. 

9.  Susan  Ella,  died  unmarried,  age  19. 

10.  Julia  Gaines,  married  Robert  L.  Crawford. 

11.  Joseph  Henry,  died  in  infancy. 


THE  LECOMPTES  361 

THE  LeCOMPTE  FAMILY. 

{Data  from  J,  S.  S,) 

Anthony  LeCompte,  a  native  of  the  Province  of  Picardy  in 
France,  left  that  country  about  the  time  of  the  conflict 
between  Richelieu,  the  Prime  Minister  and  Dictator  of 
France,  and  the  Huguenots,  near  the  close  of  th#  religious 
wars  and  persecutions  there.  He  sought  refuge  in  England, 
family  tradition  states  that  while  there  he  served  in  the  Eng- 
lish army  for  eleven  years,  where  he  won  military  distinction 
and  royal  titles.  He  married  a  French  lady  in  London, 
named  Ester  Doatloan.  Some  time  before  1655  he  and  his 
family  came  to  Maryland  and  probably  first  settled  in  Calvert 
County.  Land  records  show  that  on  February  7,  1655, 
Antonie  LeCompte  assigned  his  right  to  200  acres  of  land 
due  him  to  Ishmael  Wright  (Land  Office,  Lib.  A.,  fol.  440). 
In  1657  a  charge  in  Calvert  County  was  300  pounds  of 
tobacco  paid  Anthony  LeCompte  for  killing  three  wolves. 

In  1659  Anthony  LeCompte  was  granted  a  patent  for 
700  acres  of  land  on  Choptank  River  in  Home  Bay;  it  was 
surveyed  August  13,  1659,  for  800  acres,  and  named  '*St. 
Anthonia"  or  "Antonine."  At  that  time,  ten  years  before 
Dorchester  County  was  established,  very  few  white  people 
had  settled  in  that  part  of  the  Eastern  Shore,  while  Indians 
were  plentiful  and  daring  in  roving  bands.  As  Mr.  Le- 
Compte had  brought  a  number  of  white  servants  and  a 
quantity  of  arms  to  his  new  settlement,  he  fortified  it  for 
protection,  and  when  the  savages  came  menacingly  near,  he 
would  disperse  them  by  firing  his  large  guns,  and  it  is  said, 
killed  some  of  them. 

He  was  one  of  the  Justices  of  Dorchester  County  1669-71 
(Md.  Archives,  v.  52,  Lib.  C.  D.,  fol.  431).  He  died  in  Sepn 
tember  or  October,  1673,  and  his  widow,  Esther,  subse- 
quently married  Mark  Cordea.  In  the  Archives  of  Maryland 
(v.  ii,  pp.  400-402)  is  a  petition  for  the  naturalization  of  a 
number  of  persons  of  foreign  birth  residing  in  Maryland,  and 
among  them  are  named  the  widow  and  children  of  Anthony 


362  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  CX)UNTY 

LeCompte.  It  is  there  stated  that  Anthony  was  bom  in 
Picardy  in  the  Kingdom  of  France,  his  wife  Esther,  at 
Dieppe,  in  Normandy,  and  their  children,  John,  Moses, 
Philip,  Anthony,  Esther  and  Catherine,  in  the  Province  of 
Maryland.  There  is  a  further  reference  to  the  family  in  the 
Chancery  Records,  17th  July,  1680;  Mark  Cordea  and  Esther, 
his  wife,  e^fecutrix  of  Anthony  LeCompte,  deceased,  are 
summoned  to  answer  the  complaint  of  Henry  Fox  and 
Esther,  his  wife,  one  of  the  daughters  of  the  said  Anthony 
(Chancery  Lib.  C.  D.,  fol.  273).  Anthony  LeCompte  and 
Esther,  his  wife,  had  issue : 

1.  John  LeCompte,  eldest  son;  bom,  1662;  died,  1705; 
married  Ann,  daughter  of  Robert  Winsmore,  and  had  issue. 

2.  Moses  LeCompte,  of  whom  further. 

3.  Philip  LeCompte,  died  unmarried. 

4.  Anthony  LeCompte,  married  Margaret  Beckwith;  died, 
1705,  leaving  issue. 

5.  Esther  LeCompte,  married,  i,  Henry  Fox;  2,  William/ 
Skinner. 

6.  Katherine  LeCompte,  married,  i,  James  Culins;  2, 
Thomas  Bruff. 

Moses  LeCompte  (i)  was  the  son  of  Anthony  and  Esther. 
His  wife's  name  was  Mary  and  the  account  of  the  family 
drawn  up  in  18 19  by  Thomas  and  Daniel  LeCompte  states 
that  she  was  a  Skinner,  "daughter  of  old  Skinner  from  Eng- 
land that  took  up  the  land  now  owned  by  Joseph  Byus." 
This  statement  is  doubtless  correct,  as  the  whole  account 
is  unusually  accurate,  and  Mrs.  LeCompte  was,  in  all  proba- 
bility, the  daughter  of  Thomas  Skinner,  who  patented  "Skin- 
ner's Choice"  in  1670.  For  some  particulars  about  this  fam- 
ily, see  the  appended  notes.  Moses  LeCompte  (i)  died  in 
1720.  By  Mary  Skinner,  his  wife,  he  had  issue  eleven  chil- 
dren, viz: 

1.  Philip  LeCompte,  died  unmarried. 

2.  Moses  LeCompte  (2),  of  whom  further. 

3.  Thomas  LeCompte,  died  unmarried. 

4.  Peter  LeCompte,  married Brannock. 


THE  LECOMPTES  363 

5.  Samuel  LeCompte,  died  unmarried. 

6.  Joseph  LeCompte,  married  Mrs.  Shawhan,  a  widow, 
and  left  issue. 

7.  Anthony  LeCompte,  married,  i,  Mrs.  Bennett,  of 
Talbot  Cotmty,  a  widow;  2,  Blanche  LeCompte,  and 
had  issue  by  both  marriages. 

8.  William  LeCompte,  married  Mrs.  Martin,  of  Talbot 
County,  a  widow,  and  had  issue. 

9.  Esther  LeCompte,  died  unmarried. 

10.  Mary  LeCompte,  married  Arthur  Rigby,  of  Talbot 
County,  and  had  issue. 

11.  Elizabeth  LeCompte,  married  James  Sewers,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  had  issue. 

Moses  LeCompte,  the  father  of  this  family,  became  blind 
when  about  twenty-two  years  of  age.  Of  his  eleven  chil- 
dren, nine  of  them  lost  their  eyesight  Of  the  descendants 
of  this  branch  of  the  family,  forty-two  became  blind.  In 
1819,  nineteen  then  living  were  blind. 

Moses  LeCompte  (2)  was  the  second  son  of  Moses  (i)  and 
Mary,  his  wife.  He  married,  i,  Levina,  widow  of  Matthew 
Driver  and  daughter  of  Thomas  Pattison,  and  2,  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  Peter  Stokes.  By  the  second  marriage  he  does 
not  appear  to  have  had  issue.  By  his  first  wife,  Levinia,  he 
had  four  children,  viz : 

1.  Moses  LeCompte  (2),  of  whom  further. 

2.  Levina  LeCompte,  married  William  Geoghegan,  and 
had  issue. 

3.  Esther  LeCompte,  married  Matthew  Skinner. 

4.  Mary  LeCompte,  married,  i, Cator;  2, Dove; 

3, Davy,  and  had  issue  by  all  three  marriages. 

Moses  LeCompte  (3)  was  the  son  of  Moses  (2)  and  Levina, 
his  first  wife.     He  married  Nancy  Pattison  and  had  issue : 

1.  Moses  LeCompte  (4),  of  whom  further. 

2.  Nancy  LeCompte,  married,  1759,  Jeremiah  Pattison. 

3.  Esther  LeCompte. 

4.  Rosamond  LeCompte. 

5.  Elizabeth  LeCompte. 


364  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Moses  LeCompte  (4),  son  of  Moses  (3)  and  Nancy,  his 
wife,  was  bom  in  October,  1748,  and  died  October  22,  1800. 
At  the  time  of  the  Revolution  he  embraced  the  patriotic 
side  and  in  January,  1776,  was  appointed  Second  Lieutenant 
in  the  Dorchester  County  Militia.  He  was  commissioned 
February  12,  1776,  First  Lieutenant  in  Capt.  Joseph  Rob- 
son's  Minute  Company,  and  24th  May  following  was 
appointed  to  the  same  position  in  Capt.  Denwood  Hicks' 
Company  (Md.  Archives,  xi,  no,  153,  441).  He  was  twice 
married.  By  his  first  wife,  Miss  Edmonson,  of  Talbot 
County,  he  had  one  daughter: 

I.  Nancy  LeCompte,  married  Henry  Keene,  of  Dor- 
chester County,  and  had  issue. 

The  second  wife  of  Moses  LeCompte  (4)  was  Elizabeth 
Woodward,  born  1763;  died,  17th  October,  1803.  Probably 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Woodward.     They  had  issue: 

1.  Moses  LeCompte,  died  young. 

2.  Moses  LeCompte,  died  young. 

3.  Moses  LeCompte,  died  young. 

4.  John  LeCompte,  died  young. 

5.  Benjamin  Woodward  LeCompte,  bom  28th  July,  1787; 
died,  20th  November,  1822. 

6.  Samuel  Woodward  LeCompte,  bom  24th  Novem- 
ber, 1796;  died,  29th  January,  1862;  Captain  U.  S.  Navy; 
married  Mary  R.  Eccleston,  of  Cambridge,  Md. 

7.  Elizabeth  LeCompte,  bom  6th  March,  1783;  died,  21st 
September,  1809;  married  James  Pattison.     (See  genealogy.) 

8.  Amelia  LeCompte,  bom  25th  November,  1794;  died, 
1832. 

9.  Margaret  LeCompte,  bom  22d  October,  1799;  died, 
7th  July,  1871. 

NOTES. 

Anthony  LeCompte,  of  Dorset  County,  Md.,  "being  sick 
and  weak;"  will  dated  9th  September,  proven  25th  October, 
1673.  Eldest  son  of  John  LeCompte.  My  three  sons, 
Moses,  Philip  and  Anthony  LeCompte;  eldest  daughter, 
Hester  LeCompte;  daughter  Katherine  LeCompte;  to  Nich- 


THE  LECX)MPTES  365 

olas  Tripp  bequest  of  a  cow;  wife,  Hester  LeCompte,  execu- 
trix.    (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  i,  fol.  562.) 

Moses  LeCompte,  of  Dorchester  County;  will  dated  Jan- 
uary 4,  1717,  proven  isth  March,  1720.  Sons,  Philip, 
Thomas  and  Samuel  LeCompte;  sons,  Moses  and  Peter 
LeCompte;  my  three  daughters,  Esther,  Mary  and  Eliza- 
beth LeCompte;  my  wife  and  three  sons  executors.  (Annap- 
olis Wills,  Lib.  16,  fol.  365.) 

Moses  LeCompte,  testamentary  bond  in  common  form  by 
Mary  LeCompte,  Philip,  Samuel  and  Joseph  LeCompte,  his 
executors,  with  John  Brannock  and  Neh.  Beck,  sureties  in 
400  pounds  sterling;  dated  20th  March,  1720.  (Test.  Proc. 
Lib.  24,  fol.  346.) 

"Skinner's  Choice,"  250  acres,  surveyed  31st  March,  1670, 
for  Thomas  Skinner.  Possessor  (1707),  Thomas  Skinner, 
son  of  said  Thomas.     (Dorchester  County  Rent  Rolls.) 

loth  February,  1675,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Thomas  Skinner, 
late  of  Dorchester  County,  deceased,  intestate,  took  out 
letters  of  administration  on  his  estate.  Henry  Beckwith, 
bondsman.  Stephen  Gary  and  Arthur  Wright,  Appraisers. 
(Test.  Proc.  Lib.  7,  fol.  251.) 

13th  June,  1678,  Elizabeth  Beckwith,  widow  and  admin- 
istratrix of  Thomas  Skinner,  late  of  Dorchester  County, 
deceased,  exhibited  account.     (Test.  Proc.  Lib.  10,  fol.  148.) 

Thomas  Skinner  (son  of  above  Thomas)  made  his  will  29th 
January,  1705,  and  it  was  proven  6th  November,  1707.  He 
mentions  his  son,  Martin,  his  three  daughters,  Elizabeth, 
Anne  and  Mary,  all  under  sixteen  years;  his  brothers-in-law, 
Thomas  Brannock  and  Hugh  Eccleston.  He  leaves  a 
bequest  of  a  heifer  to  Hannah  Harman.  His  son  Martin 
is  appointed  executor.     (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  12,  fol.  226.) 

I2th  June,  17 18,  Moses  LeCompte,  Jr.,  to  his  father 
Moses  LeCompte,  Sr.,  bill  of  sale  of  a  negro.  (Dorchester 
Co.  Rec.  Lib.  7,  old  fol.  64.) 

nth  August,  1731,  Moses  LeCompte  and  Levina,  his  wife, 
"to  our  loving  son,  Matthew  Driver  "  one-half  "The  Grove" 


366  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  CX)UNTY 

on  James  Island.  (See  Pattison  family.)  (Dorchester  Co. 
Rec,  Lib.  8,  old  fol.  429.) 

27th  May,  1 75 1,  Moses  LeCompte  and  Rebecca,  his  wife, 
to  Henry  Brannock  all  their  right  in  "Head  Range"  in  Dor- 
chester County,  derived  from  the  last  will  and  testament  of 
Peter  Stokes,^  father  of  said  Rebecca.  (Dorchester  Co. 
Rec.  Lib.  14,  old  fol.  515.) 

8th  March,  1768,  Moses  LeCompte  to  his  three  grandsons. 
Levin  Cator,  William  Geoghegan  and  Moses  Geoghegan, 
one-half  "LeCompte's  Addition"  on  James  Island.  (Dor- 
chester Co.  Rec,  Lib.  22,  old  fol.  222.) 

Samuel  LeCompte  (i)  and  Araminta,  his  wife.  Children, 
viz: 

1.  Edward  P.  LeCompte,  married  Emily  White. 

2.  Margaret  LeCompte,  unmarried. 

3.  Araminta  LeCompte,  unmarried. 

4.  Samuel  D.  LeCompte  (Judge.) 

Children  of  Edward  P.  and  Emily  (White),  his  wife: 

1.  Mary  LeCompte,  unmarried. 

2.  Edward  W.  LeCompte,  married  Elizabeth  Wall;  no 
children. 

3.  Henrietta  T.  LeCompte,  unmarried. 

4.  Harriet  Anne  LeCompte,  unmarried. 

5.  Thomas  T.  LeCompte,  unmarried. 

Am  unable  to  fix  period  in  LeCompte  genealogy  where 
Samuel  (i),  the  grandfather  of  Mr.  Edward  W.  LeCompte 
should  be  placed. 

THE  MARINE  FAMILY. 

Among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Dorchester  County  was 
a  family  whose  name  has  been  variously  spelt  as  many  other 
family  names  have  been  done  in  numerous  ways,  Mareen, 


^  Peter  Stokes,  devised  in  his  will,  dated  27th  February,  1710,  proved 
June  I,  1712,  50  acres  of  "Head  Range"  to  his  grandson,  Peter  Stokes, 
and  the  remainder  of  the  tract  to  his  daughter,  Rebecca  Stokes.  (Annapolis 
Wills,  Lib.  17,  fol.  324.) 


THE  MARINES  367 

Merine,  Marene,  Morean,  Marain,  Morine  and  Marine.  Of 
the  original  settlers  their  Christian  names  are  at  present 
unknown;  their  former  honne  across  the  sea  before  coming 
to  America  is  conjectural;  they  were  presumptively  French 
Huguenots  as  were  many  of  their  neighbors  who  settled 
among  the  Nanticoke  Indians  by  the  side  of  that  river  and 
its  tributary,  the  Northwest  Fork. 

At  the  period  of  their  settlement,  few  Europeans  had  pene- 
trated to  that  section,  which  owed  its  selection  for  emigrant 
homes  to  the  location,  being  adjacent  to  the  stately  Nanti- 
coke Those  in  search  of  lands  to  locate  upon  followed  the 
waterways  as  settlers  now  do  railroads.  Few  families  of 
Europeans  were  in  the  Northwest  Fork  when  the  Marine 
family  located  there.  The  late  Judge  Fisher,  of  Delaware,  if 
authority  other  than  dates  was  needed,  was  the  authority 
for  saying,  "the  Marine  folks  were  among  the  first  white 
settlers  on  the  Eastern  Shore."  They  built  their  cabins 
among  the  Indians,  had  few  neighbors  save  the  red  men, 
among  whom  they  lived  until  their  places  were  filled  by 
those  of  their  race's  flesh  and  blood. 

Bozmand's  History  of  Maryland  says,  "Kent  Island''  occu- 
pied by  settlers  in  165 1,  "was  the  only  part  of  the  Eastern 
Shore  where  any  attempt  at  settlement  as  yet  appears  to 
have  been  made."  He  must  have  intended  to  be  imder- 
stood  as  meaning  on  a  larg;e  scale. 

McMahon  says,  "settlements  were  made  on  the  southern 
part  of  the  Eastern  Shore  as  early  as  1661,  regarded  as  set- 
tlements and  not  as  distinct  civil  divisions  until  Somerset 
County  was  erected."  Somerset  was  a  county  by  executive 
proclamation  in  August,  1666.  Its  territory  contained  white 
inhabitants  before  either  of  the  dates  given. 

Millison  (probably  Milicet)  Mareen's  name  ai>pears  on 
the  record  of  the  Land  Office  at  Annapolis  as  early  as  1655, 
which  was  assigned  as  the  date  of  his  arrival.  Alexander 
Merine  is  of  record  in  1669.  It  has  not  been  ascertained 
whether  the  name  is  of  earlier  record  than  the  dates  given. 


368  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

Residing  on  the  Western  Shore  of  Maryland  in  colonial 
times,  was  a  family  of  similar  name,  whidi  in  surname  has 
long  since  become  extinct;  they  were  connections  of  the 
Eastern  Shore  Marines. 

William  Merine  wrote  his  name  as  here  given  in  his  last 
will,  a  copy  of  which  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Raster 
of  Wills  at  Annapolis;  he  died  in  1767.  Of  him,  the  earliest 
and  most  complete  information  is  obtainable.  He  was  bom 
prior  to  1700;  his  wife's  name  has  been  lost;  they  had  the 
following  children:  John,  Matthew,  Charles,  Zorobable, 
James,  David,  William,  Janet  and  Easter.  The  line  of  de- 
scent cannot  be  traced  in  all  its  ramifications.  The  follow- 
ing have  been  secured : 

Zorobable  Marain,  as  he  lapsed  into  subscribing  his  name* 
was  bom  in  1738  and  died  in  1823;  he  was  a  farmer,  land 
owner,  and  owner  of  a  saw  and  grist  mill  near  Federalsburg 
which  he  inherited  from  his  father  who  erected  the  first  mill 
in  that  locality.  He  was  a  man  of  influence  in  th«  commu- 
nity, and  possessed  as  was  his  brothers,  of  great  physical 
strength  and  self-will;  he  had  knowledge  in  surveying;  his 
wife  was  Mary  Francis  Heyward,  daughter  of  Thomas  Hey- 
ward;  they  had  the  following  children:  William,  Anna, 
Matthew,  Mary,  Easter,  Heyward,  Sarah,  Rhoda,  John  and 
Charles. 

From  an  old  memorandum  book  of  1765,  used  by  Zoro- 
bable,  now  in  possession  of  one  of  his  descendants,  has  been 
gleaned  the  following  names  of  persons  who  were  his  neigh- 
bors and  contemporaries:  John  Wilson,  Nehemiah  Cochm^ 
James  Fletcher,  Beauchamp  Harper,  OLevin  iRWinson,  J. 
Richardson,  Jr.,  Thomas  Kilby,  William  Wheatley,  Spencer 
Waters,  James  Phillips,  John  Stokes,  Charles  Robbins, 
Nehemiah  Beauchamp,  Francis  Heyward,  James  Wright, 
Charles  Cannon,  Laban  Jones,  Levi  Anderton  Brown,  James 
Birckhead,  John  Smoot,  Levin  Wright  and  James  Layton. 

A  few  of  the  entries  in  the  book  prove  interesting.  Hogs 
ran  at  large;  Zorobable's  had  this  mark — "The  mark  of  hogs 
belonging  to  Zorobable  Marain  is,  the  right  ear  cut  off  and 


THE   MARINES  369 

slit  on  the  left  ear,  hole  and  long."  Another  note  is  this: 
"Francis  Heyward  the  third,  was  born  in  the  year  1772." 
Still  another  was,  "February  came  on  the  fifth  day  of  the 
week.  The  second  fast  day  is  the  nth  day  of  the  month." 
Among  his  old  receipts  his  name  was  written  invariably 
Marine;  a  way  used  by  several  of  those  of  his  kindred.  A 
curious  entry  was  this  one  to  a  workman's  credit :  "To  one 
month's  work  at  25s.  if  all  good  weather." 

The  late  Col.  Jacob  Wilson,  a  prominent  countian,  who 
represented  it  in  the  Legislature,  who  was  a  slave-holder,  and 
during  his  life  a  popular  citizen;  who  died  without  issue 
about  the  commencement  of  our  Civil  War  at  an  advanced 
age,  remembered  Zorobable,  he  having  resided  near  him  in 
the  Fork  District ;  he  was  in  the  habit  of  telling  this  current 
story  of  his  time :  "Zorobable  was  having  a  grist  mill  repaired 
near  Federalsburg;  he  rode  down  to  the  mill  where  some 
workmen  had  lodged  a  sill  and  could  not  right  it;  dismoimt- 
ing,  he  walked  to  where  they  were  and  said,  "Get  away, 
weakling^;"  and  putting  his  shoulder  beneath  the  sill  he  dis- 
lodged it  and  placed  it  in  position;  his  shirt  became  imbedded 
in  the  flesh  of  his  shoulder,  which  garment  he  loosened,  and 
mounting  his  horse  rode  off. 

William,  Zorobable's  son,  lived  on  an  estate  received  from 
his  father,  known  as  the  "Fisher  Farm,"  near  Crotcher's 
Ferry.  He  married  Mary  Fletcher;  they  had  the  following 
children:  Fletcher,  born  in  1788;  Levica,  Mary,  Matthew, 
William,  Sarah,  Charles,  Zorobable  and  James. 

There  is  the  following  paragraph  contained  in  Nelson's 
History  of  Baltimore,  to  be  found  in  the  life  of  ex-Collector 
of  the  Port,  William  M.  Marine,  who  is  the  great-grandson 
of  William  and  Mary,  which  we  quote : 

"William  Merine,  farmer,  Zorobable's  son,  was  married 
to  Mary  Fletcher,  who  was  descended  from  the  New  England 
family  to  which  Grace  Fletcher,  wife  of  Daniel  Webster 
belonged.  Thomas  C.  Fletcher,  a  Union  man  and  ex- War 
Governor  of  Missouri,  is  a  native  of  Dorchester  County,  Md., 
and  a  scion  of  the  old  family  of  that  name  in  that  county.     In 

24 


370  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER  COUNTY 

a  letter  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch  fourteenth  January,  1896, 
he  wrote:  *I  figure  it  out  that  your  great-grandmother, 
Mary  Fletcher,  was  the  daughter  of  John  Fletcher  who  was 
brother  to  my  grandfather  Thomas  Fletcher.  I  am  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  England  Family  Association.'" 

Matthew,  William's  son,' was  bom  August  19,  1797,  on 
the  "Fisher  Farm;"  he  wais  married  to  Nancy  Rollins,  April 
9,  181 8.  She  was  the  daughter  of  John  Rollins  and  his  wife 
Mary  Mezzick.  The  given  names  of  John's  father  and 
mother  w>ere  Luke  and  Leah,  Luke's  father  was  Ilsaac 
whose  father  was  Jewel,  a  Huguenot  from  France,  who  set- 
tled in  Northwest  Fork  where  his  children  were  born. 

Matthew,  after  marriage  resided  near  Walnut  Landing; 
in  early  life  he  tired  of  farming  and  abandoned  it;  he  settled 
in  Sharptown  when  it  was  a  hamlet  and  gave  to  it  its  first 
boom  in  growth;  he  merchandised  and  was  a  landed  propri- 
etor, owning  the  largest  fleet  of  schooners  of  any  one  person 
on  the  Nanticoke;  they  ran  from  Sharptown  to  Baltimore. 
He  died  in  1854.  From  his  union  with  Nancy,  the  following- 
children  were  bom:  Polly  M.,  Fletcher  Elliott,  Vashti,  who 
was  twiqe  married,  her  first  husband  being  Osbom  Adams, 
her  second  John  Twiford;  Nancy  E.,  wife  of  Major  Robin- 
son; Martha,  wife  of  Henry  Rollins;  Matthew  Washington, 
William  John,  Margaret  A.  and  Sarah  Jane,  wife  of  Thomas 
J.  Twilley.  Polly  M.,  Matthew  W.  and  Margaret  A.  died 
before  reaching  legal  age. 

Fletcher  Elliott,  son  of  Matthew,  was  bom  in  Sussex 
County,  Del.,  near  the  Maryland  and  Delaware  line,  March 
21,  1 82 1.  He  married  Hester  Eleanor  Knowles,  daughter 
of  William  Knowles,  of  Sussex  County,  Del.  He  com- 
menced life  in  the  service  of  his  father  and  left  it  in  1847 
to  conduct  business  for  himself,  merchandising  in  Vienna 
until  1854;  in  the  fall  of  that  year  he  moved  to  Baltimore, 
where  he  conducted  business  until  his  death  in  1889.  It  was 
not  as  a  reliable  business  man  only  that  he  was  best  known, 
but  for  his  works  of  religion  and  benevolence;  an  ordained 
local  preacher,  having  received  deacon's  and  elder's  orders 


THE   MARINES  371 

in  the  Baltimore  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  He  was 
the  publisher  of  The  Pioneer,  a  monthly  religious  maga- 
zine, filled  with  historical  researches  of  events  connected  with 
his  Church's  early  history;  he  also  wrote  the  life  of  John  Her- 
sey,  an  evangelist  well  known  half  a  century  agjo  in  Dor- 
chester County,  where  his  author  first  met  and  entertained 
him  at  his  home  in  Vienna.  A  tablet  to  Fletcher  E.  Marine's 
memory  and  that  of  his  wife  is  to  the  left  of  the  pulpit  in  the 
Caroline  Street  M.  E.  Church  in  Baltimore,  where  he 
preached  his  last  sermon  before  the  Baltimore  Local  Preach- 
ers' Association  a  few  months  prior  to  his  death, 

Fletcher  and  Hester  had  children  as  follows:  William 
Matthew;  Louisa  Emily,  widow  of  the  late  John  W.  Cath- 
cart;  John  Fletcher  and  Thomas  Price,  both  of  whom  died  in 
infancy;  James  Hargis,  at  present  (1902)  Member  of  the  First 
Branch  City  Council  of  Baltimore;  Hester  Ann,  wife  of 
Joseph  T.  Flautt;  Sarah  Jane,  wife  of  Thomas  Lerch,  and 
Fletcher  Columbus  who  died  in  infancy.  Ex-Collector  of 
the  Port  of  Baltimore,  William  M.  Marine,  was  appointed 
by  President  Benjamin  Harrison  as  his  personal  choice  for 
that  office;  he  is  widely  known  in  Maryland  and  in  other 
States  as  a  vigorous  cami>aigTier  and  a  patriotic  orator.  He 
is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Baltimore,  is  fond  of 
literature,  and  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  published  poems, 
entitled  "The  Battle  of  North  Point  and  Other  Poems." 
A  large  part  of  Nelson's  History  of  Baltimore  was  written 
by  him,  one  voluminous  contribution  being  the  political  his- 
tory of  Baltimore.  A  paper  read  by  him  before  the  Dela- 
ware Historical  Society  at  Wilmington  has  been  published 
by  that  society  as  the  authentic  history  of  the  conflict  be- 
tween the  inhabitants  of  Lewes  and  the  British  who  bom- 
barded it  in  April,  1813.  Mr.  Marine  has  traveled  exten- 
sively at  home  and  in  Europe  and  has  written  numerous 
letters  descriptive  of  his  travels,  the  most  recent  ones,  lately 
appearing  in  Tlie  American  in  reference  to  a  trip  made  by 
him  to  Jamaica. 


372  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

Mr.  Marine  lived  in  Vienna  from  1847  to  1854;  he  first 
attended  school  in  that  village,  Squire  Smith  being  his  first 
preceptor. 

William  John  Marine,  son  of  Matthew,  was  educated  at 
Dickinson  College;  studied  law  under  Thomas  Y.  Walsh  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Baltimore  Bar  in  1856.  The  same 
year  he  moved  to  Kansas  where  he  remained  till  the  late 
Civil  War  when  he  settled  in  Missouri,  where  he  edited  a 
newsi>aper  devoted  to  the  cause  of  the  Union.  He  saw 
service  in  a  Union  Missouri  Regiment;  he  edited  the  first 
daily  newspaper  in  Tennessee,  published  at  Chattanooga. 
He  subsequently  returned  to  Maryland  and  edited  a  news- 
paper at  Port  Tobacco. 

This  sketch  is  imperfect  and  does  not  comprehend  the 
entire  membership  of  the  family.  Some  of  the  earliest  scions 
moved  West,  others  died  in  childhood.  There  are  branches 
of  the  family  yet  extant  in  the  Northwest  Fork,  which  sprang 
originally  from  some  one  of  those  names  heretofore  men- 
tioned, of  whom  Zorobable  Marine,  William  H.  Marine  and 
James  Marine  are  descended  from  Zorobable,  son  of  William. 

The  family  was  once  numerous  in  Sussex  County,  Del, 
but  is  now  extinct  in  name  in  that  locality.  In  the  latter 
part  of  1700  and  the  early  part  of  1800,  members  of  the 
family  removed  from  the  Eastern  Shore  to  North  Caro- 
lina and  Ohio.  Some  of  the  North  Carolinians  found  their 
way  to  Indiana,  where  their  descendants  are  living  at  the 
present  time,  of  whom  is  James  Whitcomb  Riley,  whose 
mother  was  Elizabeth  Marine:  from  her  he  claimed  to  have 
received  his  poetical  talent.  The  late  Rev.  Abijah  Marine, 
a  learned  and  eloquent  divine  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and 
the  late  John  C.  Merine,  one  of  the  distinguished  portrait 
painters  of  America,  and  Abijah's  uncle,  are  of  the  same 
family. 

Tlie  religious  proclivities  of  the  family  have  been  affected 
by  the  various  changes  which  from  time  to  time  spread  over 
the  peninsula.  When  George  Fox  visited  the  Eastern  Shore, 
under  his  instrumentality  several  of  them  became  converts 


THE   PATTISONS  373 

to  his  faith;  when  Francis  Asbury  planted  Methodism  in  the 
same  locality,  on  the  embers  of  Quakerism,  they  gathered 
in  that  fold  where  the  most  of  them  have  since  remained. 
The  records  of  the  Parish  of  Vienna  Episcopal  Church  con- 
tains the  names  of  some  of  them.  The  historic  Methodist 
Church,  Moor's  Chapel,  in  Delaware,  planted  by  Mr.  Asbury, 
had  Charles  Marine  as  one  of  its  first  trustees;  he  was  a 
sedate  old  gentleman  and  wore  Quaker  garb,  who  never 
took  an  affront,  although  belonging  to  a  religion  of  peace 
he  did  not  hesitate  to  use  his  cane  when  it  became  necessary. 
The  family  had  its  representatives  in  the  Revolutionary 
War.  During  the  late  Civil  War  several  of  them  were  in 
the  Federal  Army  from  this  State,  while  those  from  North 
Carolina  were  in  the  Confederate  Army. 


PATTISON  FAMILY. 

{Data  from  J.  S.  S. ) 

Thomas  Pattison,  the  ancestor  of  this  family,  came  to 
Maryland  in  1671  and  settled  in  Dorchester  County,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1 67 1.  He  proved  his  right  to  400  acres  for  trans- 
porting into  the  province  himself,  Ann  Pattison  (his  wife), 
James,  Jacob,  Priscilla  and  Ann  Pattison  (his  children)  and 
two  servants.  (Land  Office,  Lib.  16,  folio  395.)  He  was 
appointed  April  21,  1688,  his  Lordship's  Attorney  for  Dor- 
chester County.  (Md.  Archives,  viii,  30.)  He  died  in  1701, 
and  his  wife  Ann  in  1702.  He  was,  in  1689,  Clerk  of  Dor- 
chester County  Court.     They  had  issue: 

1.  James  Pattison,  of  whom  further. 

2.  Jacob  Pattison. 

3.  Thomas  Pattison,  bom  1672;  died,  1743;  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Col.  St.  Leger  Codd,  and  left  issue. 

4.  Priscilla,  married  i,  Nathaniel  Manning;  2. Taylor. 

5.  Elizabeth,  married  John  Robson. 

6.  Ann  Pattison. 

7.  Joan  Pattison. 


374  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

8.  Levina  Pattison,  married,  i,  Matthew  Driver;  2,  Moses 
LeCompte. 

9.  Sarah  Pattison,  married  John  Abbott. 

James  Pattison,  eldest  son  of  Thomas  and  Ann,  lived  to 
an  advanced  old  age.  In  1723  he  gives  his  age  as  65  years. 
(Chancery,  Lib.  P.L.,  974.)  In  1742-43  he  states  that  he  is  80 
odd,  and  in  1746  his  age  is  given  as  92  or  93.  (Dorchester 
Co.  Rec.  Lib.  Old  14,  44,  75.)  There  is  a  discrepancy  here, 
but  it  is  evident  that  he  must  have  been  born  between  1654 
and  1658.     He  died  in  1747.     By  Mary  his  wife  he  had  issue: 

1.  John  Pattison,  bom  between  1688  and  1694;  died  1774, 
leaving  issue. 

2.  Jacob  Pattison,  of  whom  further. 

3.  William  Pattison. 

4.  Richard  Pattison. 

5.  Thomias  Pattison. 

6.  Ann  Pattison,  married Hillen  of  Calvert  County. 

7.  Elizabeth  Pattison. 

8.  Priscilla  Pattison,  married Driver. 

Jacob  Pattison,  son  of  James  and  Mary,  died  in  the  year 
1772.     By  Sarah,  his  wife,  he  had  issue: 

1.  Jeremiah  Pattison,  of  whom  further. 

2.  Jacob  Pattison,  died  unmarried  1776. 

3.  Richard  Pattison. 

4.  William  Pattison. 

5.  Thomas  James  Pattison. 

6.  Nancy  Pattison,  married  James  Woolford. 

7.  Mary  Pattison. 

8.  Priscilla  Pattison. 

Jeremiah  Pattison,  son  of  Jacob  and  Sarah,  died  in  the 
year  1814.  He  married  in  1759  Nancy  LeCompte,  daughter 
of  Moses  (4),  and  had  issue  as  g^ven  in  his  will : 

1.  Samuel  Pattison. 

2.  James  Pattison,  bom  25th  August,  1772;  married,  i, 
Elizabeth  LeCompte;  2,  Mrs.  Nancy  Vickers;  3,  Sallie  Wool- 
ford. 


THE  PATTISONS  375 


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376  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER   COUNTY 

3.  Henry  Pattison. 

4.  William  Pattison. 

5.  Priscilla  Pattison,  born  3d  March,  1771;  died,  30th 
June,  1845;  married  James  Hooper. 

6.  Nancy  Pattison. 

7.  Rebecca  Pattison. 

8.  Margaret  Pattison. 

9.  Aurelia  Pattison. 

10.  Mary  Pattison. 

11.  Sarah  Pattison. 

NOTES. 

Thomas  Pattison,  Sen.,  of  James'  Island,  Dorchester 
County,  will  proved  loth  April,  1701,  eldest  son  James, 
second  son  Jacob,  youngest  son  Thomas,  eldest  daughter 
Priscilla  Manning,  second  daughter  Elizabeth  Robson,  third 
daughter  Joan,  fourth  daughter  Levina  Driver,  youngest 
daughter  Sarah,  adopted  daughter  Mary  Jacob,  wife  Ann, 
Executrix.     (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  11,  fol.  129.) 

Ann  Pattison,  widow  of  Thomas  Pattison,  of  Dorchester 
County,  will  dated  21st  January,  1701,  proved  27th  February, 
1702.  Eldest  son  James  Pattison,  son  Jacob  Pattison, 
daughters  Jane  and  Sarah,  daughter  Elizabeth  Robson, 
daughter  Levina  Driver,  son  Thomas,  daughter  Priscilla 
Manning.     (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  11,  fol.  301.) 

24th  April,  17 16.  Inventory  of  Matthew  Driver,  of  Dor- 
chester County,  exhibited.  2d  June,  1718,  Levina  Driver, 
Administratrix  of  Matthew  Driver,  cited  to  account.  (Test : 
Proc.  Lib.  23,  fol.  35,  200.) 

nth  August,  1731.  Moses  LeCompte  and  Levina,  his 
wife,  to  "our  loving  son,  Matthew  Driver,  one  half  ye  *The 
Grove'  on  James'  Island."  (Dor.  Co.  Record  Lib.  old  8, 
fol.  429.) 

"The  Grove."  150  acres,  surveyed  loth  January,  1671, 
for  Thomas  Pattison.  Possessor  (1707),  Matthew  Driver, 
who  married  Pattison's  daughter.  (Dorchester  Co.  Rent 
Roll.) 


Ik 


THE  PATTISONS  377 

27th  October,  1739.  James  Pattison,  of  Dorchester 
County,  planter,  and  Mary,  his  wife,  to  his  children,  Jacob, 
Elizabeth,  William  and  Richard  Pattison,  100  acres,  part  of 
** Armstrong's  Quarter,"  on  Taylor's  Island;  part  of  "Dover" 
(except  the  use  of  the  old  plantation,  which  I  give  to  my 
daughter,  Anne  Hellings,  of  Calvert  County);  200  acres, 
part  of  "Esquire's  Chance,"  &c.,  &c.  (Dor.  Co.  Rec.  Lib. 
old  10,  fol.  102.) 

James  Pattison,  will  dated  7th  July,  proved  5th  Maroh, 
1747.  To  John  Pattison  100  acres  on  James'  Island,  to 
William  and  Richard  Pattison  100  acres  on  same  island, 
wife  Mary,  daughter  Ann,  to  Elizabeth  Pattison,  land  on 
Taylor's  Island,  part  of  "Armstrong's  Folly,"  to  Thomas 
Pattison  100  acres,  part  of  same  tract,  to  Priscilla  Driver,  5 
shillings,  wife  Mary,  Executrix.  (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  25, 
fol.  365.) 

Jacob  Pattison,  of  Dorchester  County,  will  dated  14th 
May,  proved  24th  August,  1772;  son  Jeremiah  Pattison, 
sons  Jacob,  Richard,  William  and  Thomas  James  Pattison; 
daughters  Nancy,  Woolford  and  Mary,  Betty,  and  Priscilla 
Pattison;  wife  Sarah  and  sons  Jacob  and  Richard,  Executors. 
(Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  38,  fol.  996.) 

Jacob  Pattison,  will  dated  21st  March,  proved  25th  June, 
1776;  my  four  brothers  Jeremiah,  Richard,  William  and. 
Thomas  James  Pattison,  my  four  sisters  Nancy  Woolford, 
and  Mary,  Elizabeth  and  Priscilla  Pattison,  my  mother, 
Sarah  Pattison,  Executrix.  (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  41,  fol. 
242.) 

Jeremiah  Pattison,  of  Dorchester  County,  will  dated  17th 
January,  proved  29th  August,  1814;  son  Samuel,  minor  son 
William,  son  James,  son  Henry,  daughter  Priscilla  Hooper, 
residuary  legatees  are  son  William  and  daughters  Nancy, 
Rebecca,  Margaret,  Aurelia,  Mary,  and  Sarah  Pattison;  wife 
and  son  Henry,  Executors.  (Dorchester  County  Wills,  Lib. 
T.  H.  H.,  fol.  433.) 


380  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER  COUNTY 

2.  Mary  Caroline  Pattison,  married  Robinson  W.  Cator, 
Baltimore. 

3.  Anne  Hooper  Pattison,  married  Robert  L.  Spilman, 
Virginia. 

4.  Alecia  Pattison,  unmarried. 

Jeremiah  L.  Pattison,  married  Harriet  A.  Keene,  second 
wife,  March  9,  1853.     Their  children : 

1.  Everard  K.  Pattison,  married  Fannie  Post,  Virginia. 

2.  Margaret  Keene  Pattison,  married  Wilbur  F.  Smith, 
Baltimore,  Md. 

JOHN   R.   PATTISON  AND  HIS  ANCESTRY. 

Beginning  with  Jeremiah  Pattison,  of  the  Pattison  family 
of  Dorchester  County,  who  married  in  1759,  Nancy  Le- 
Compte,  daughter  of  Moses  LeCompte  (4),  a  lateral  branch 
in  their  son  Samuel  Pattison,  originates  that  is  traceable  to 
John  R.  Pattison,  above-named. 

Samuel  Pattison  married  Anne  Skinner.  Their  children 
were: 

1.  John  R.  Pattison,  married,  i,  Mary  A.  Borroughs;  2, 
Emily  J.  de  Vallin. 

2.  Robert  H.  Pattison,  married  Katherine  Woolford. 
(They  were  the  parents  of  ex-Governor  Robert  E.  Pattison, 
of  Pennsylvania.) 

3.  Elizabeth  Pattison,  married  Levin  H.  Stewart. 

4.  Lenhart  Pattison,  married  Augustus  Hooper. 

John  R.  Pattison  and  Mary  A.  Borroughs,  his  first  wife, 
had  issue : 

1.  Annie  Timmons. 

2.  Harriet  Toadvine. 

3.  Samuel  S. 

4.  James  B. 

5.  John  R. 

John  R.  Pattison  and  Emily  J.  de  Vallin,  his  second  wife, 
had  issue,  namely: 

1.  Mary  Yates. 

2.  Hugh  D. 


DR.    F.   B.   PHELPS — THE   RICHARDSONS  381 

John  R.  Pattison,  son  of  John  R.  and  Mary  A.  Borroughs, 
his  wife,  is  a  direct  offspring  from  three  colonial  families  of 
Dorchester  County,  viz:  Pattisons,  LeComptes  and  Skin- 
ners. He  is  a  leading  member  of  the  bar  at  Cambridge 
in  his  native  county  and  a  local  attorney  for  the  Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad  Company.  He  was  elected  State's  Attorney 
for  Dorchester  County  in  1887  for  four  years  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Maryland,  sessions  1900 
and  1901.  At  the  extra  session  of  the  Legislature,  held  in 
1901,  he  voted  against  the  repeal  of  the  election  law  which 
then  authorized  the  use  of  the  emblematicji  Australian  ballot. 
Mr.  Pattison  married  Miss  Lillian  Stapleforte;  they  have  no 
surviving  children. 


DR.  F.  P.  PHELPS,  SR. 

Francis  P.  Phelps,  M.D.,  was  bom  in  Sussex  County, 
Del,  January  31,  1779.  His  father,  Asahel  Phelps,  was 
bom  in  Connecticut,  and  traced  his  lineage  far  back  to  tjie 
early  colonial  period.  He  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier  and 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Brandywine.  Francis 
P.  Phelps  graduated  in  medicine  in  1819;  settled  in  Federals- 
burg.  Md.,  where  he  practiced  medicine  until  1833:  while 
living  there  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates in  1828.  After  moving  to  Cambridge,  he  took  more 
interest  in  political  affairs,  and  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Delegates  in  1839,  1842;  to  the  Senate  1844-48,  1861,  and  to 
the  House  1867.  In  1875,  ^^  ^^as  again  elected  to  the  Senate 
of  Maryland.  He  died  November  18,  1886,  in  Cambridge, 
Md. 

THE  RICHARDSON  FAMILY 

(By  Mrs,  Hester  Dorsey  Richardson), 

Among  the  earliest  settlers  of  importance  came  the  Rich- 
ardsons,  of  England,  and  received  thousands  of  acres  of  land 
for  bringing  colonists  into  the  province. 


382  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER   COUNTY 

The  Land  Warrants  at  Annapolis  bear  record  that  between 
the  years  1636  and  1695,  patents  for  ninety  thousand  one 
hundred  and  seventeen  acres  of  land  were  issued  from  that 
office  to  the  various  Richardsons  who  arrived  between  those 
years. 

The  fact  that  they  not  only  came  independently,  but  also 
paid  the  transporting  of  hundreds  of  less  fortunate  settlers, 
proved  them  to  have  been  men  of  wealth  and  enterprise. 

Certain  it  is  that  they  at  once  held  offices  of  importance, 
both  civil  and  military,  for  as  early  as  1636,  in  the  records  of 
the  earliest  Assembly  proceedings  extant,  John  Richardson 
appears  as  a  member  of  the  Assembly  or  House  of  Burgesses. 
The  year  following  he  is  a  Judge  of  the  Provincial  Court, 
held  at  "Ye  Citie  of  St.  Maries,"  then  the  capital  of  the 
province. 

In  the  year  1669  the  following  commission  was  issued  to 
another  of  the  name : 

"Charles  Calvert,  Esq.,  to  Capt.  George  Richardson,  of 
Talbot  County,  Greeting.  According  to  the  power  to  me  by 
His  Lordship  Cecilius  Committed,  and  upon  the  special 
trust  and  confidence  I  have  in  your  fidelity,  circumspection, 
courage  and  good  conduct,  I  hereby  ordaine,  constitute  and 
appoint  you  Captain  under  me  of  all  that  troop  of  horse  that 
shall  march  out  of  Choptank  and  St.  Michaels  River,  Talbot 
County." 

A  little  later.  Major  Thomas  Richardson,  of  Baltimore 
County,  distinguished  himself  in  the  Indian  Wars,  while  his 
father,  William  Richardson,  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  was 
serving  his  county  as  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses — 
the  chosen  bearer  of  messages  from  the  English  Parliament 
from  the  Lower  to  the  Upper  House  of  the  Assembly. 

This  distinguished  official,  the  direct  ancestor  of  the  Talbot, 
Caroline  and  Dorchester  County  Richardsons,  was  the  friend 
of  William  Penn,  who,  during  his  visit  to  Maryland  in  1682, 
visited  the  home  of  William  Richardson,  on  West  River,  from 
which,  in  comi>any  with  the  Lord  and  Lady  Baltimore,  with 
their  retinue,  they  all  proceeded  to  a  yearly  meeting  at  Tred- 


I 


THE  RICHARD60NS  383 

haven,  in  Talbot  County.  An  account  of  this  visit  is  given 
by  John  Richardson,  of  London,  in  his  Journal  published  in 
th«  year  1700. 

William  Richardson,  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  married 
Elizabeth  Talbot,  widow  of  Richard  Talbot.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Matthew  Scarborough.  From  this  couple  are 
descended  many  of  the  most  distinguished  families  of  the 
State,  while  many  of  the  male  descendants  emigrated  to 
Virginia  and  the  Carolinas,  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  where 
they  have  filled  the  highest  offices  in  the  gift  of  the  people. 

One  of  William  Richardson's  grandsons  married  Isabella 
de  la  Chalmes,  daughter  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Chalmes,  the 
friend  and  neighbor  of  Lord  Fairfax,  at  whose  invitation  the 
Marquis  came  first  to  this  county. 

From  the  grandson  who  went  into  Talbot  County  are 
descended  many  of  the  Eastern  Shore  Richardsons,  particu- 
larly the  Dorchester  branch,  of  which  Mr.  Albert  L.  Richard- 
son, General  Manager  of  The  Wheeling  Intelligencer,  is  the 
present  head. 

Of  the  many  members  of  the  Talbot-Dorchester  family  of 
Richardsons  who  have  filled  with  honor  civil  and  military 
posts  of  trust  from  earliest  times  to  the  present,  none  have 
been  more  illustrious  than  Col.  William  Richardson,  of  the 
Eastern  Shore  Battalion  of  the  Flying  Camp,  of  the  Maryland 
Line  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  He  assisted  in  giving  the 
British  their  first  taste  of  American  bayonets  at  Harlem,  New 
York,  driving  them  from  the  field. 

In  1776  this  distinguished  oflficer  was  member  of  the  Mary- 
land Constitutional  Convention,  and  in  1788  a  member  of 
the^  Convention  to  ratify  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  From  1789  to  1793  he  was  Presidential 
Elector  in  the  colleges  that  elected  George  Washington 
President. 

Col.  William  Richardson  was  born  in  Talbot  County  in  the 
year  1730.  As  a  young  man  he  removed  to  Dorchester 
County,  where  he  owned  large  tracts  of  land  in  the  upper  part 


384  HISTORY  OF  PORCHESTER  COUNTY 

of  the  county.     For  many  years  he  was  Treasurer  of  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland. 

In  the  year  1773,  Caroline  County  was  cut  off  of  Dor- 
chester, after  which  the  Colonel  found  himself  a  resident  of 
the  new  county. 

In  the  year  1776,  Col.  William  Richardson  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  favor  of  Thomas 
Johnson,  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  who  had  refused  to  serve 
in  the  Convention  under  the  instructions  of  his  constituents. 
Colonel  Richardson  conveyed  one  of  his  farms  to  Johnson  to 
give  him  a  residence  in  Caroline  and  then  had  the  latter 
returned  to  the  Convention  in  his  place  because  he  considered 
Johnson's  services  necessary  to  the  welfare  of  the  people. 

Another  branch  of  the  Richardsons  who  owned  consider- 
able land  in  Dorchester  County  and  who  were  registered  as 
gentlemen  of  London,  settled  first  in  Talbot  County  about 
1725.  These  men,  Anthony  and  Thomas  Richardson,  were 
uncles  of  Sir  Anthony  Bacon,  of  Glamorganshire,  Wales,  who 
lived  in  Talbot  County  and  acted  as  guardian  to  Anthony 
Richardson's  sons,  Anthony,  Jr.,  and  Thomas  Dickinson 
Richardson,  students  at  Oxford,  England. 

After  Anthony  Bacon,  of  Talbot  County,  returned  to  Eng- 
land, he  was  knighted  and  resided  in  Wales  until  his  death. 
He  left  to  his  niece,  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Bacon,  of  Talbot 
County,  £10,000.  This  niece  married  Watkins  Price,  of 
Brecon,  Wales. 

The  Harwoods,  of  Talbot  County,  and  the  Passopai  fam- 
ilies, of  Dorchester,  descend  in  their  maternal  lines  from 
nieces  of  Sir  Anthony  Bacon. 

Thomas  Richardson  was  one  of  His  Lordship's  Justices 
of  the  Talbot  County  Court  in  1726  in  company  with  Mr. 
Daniel  Sherwood,  Robert  Goldsborough,  Nicholas  Golds- 
borough,  Mr.  Clayton  and  George  Robinson. 

On  August  2,  1726,  Charles  Calvert  addressed  a  letter  to 
these  gentlemen  approving  their  decision  in  a  certain  case 
and  of  their  conduct  at  all  times. 


i 


HON.   JAMES  S.   SHEPHERD  385 

The  seat  of  the  Talbot  County  Richardsons  in  England 
was  at  White  Haven,  Cumberland  County. 

In  England  the  Richardsons  are  among  the  oldest  and  most 
distinguished  families  in  the  realm.  In  the  Peerage  they 
rank  seventy-second  out  of  nine  hundred  pveers. 

As  early  as  163 1,  Sir  Thomas  Richardson  was  Chief  Justice 
of  the  King^s  Bench. 

The  present  Secretary  of  the  Order  of  the  Thistle,  the 
highest  and  most  exclusive  order  of  Scotland,  is  Sir  Thomas 
Smeaton  Richardson.  This  Order  is  composed  of  the  King 
and  fourteen  Knights,  and  is  the  oldest  in  Scotland.  Sir 
Thomas  lives  at  Pitfern  Castle,  Perth,  and  is  member  of  the 
London  clubs,  such  as  the  Carlton,  etc. 

The  late  Attorney-General,  George  Richardson,  of  the 
Western  Shore,  was  a  descendant  of  William  Richardson, 
the  first,  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  who  has  left  a  long  array 
of  distinguished  descendants  in  the  South  and  West  in  addi- 
tion to  the  many  who  have  served  with  honor  on  the  field 
and  in  the  legislative  halls  of  their  native  State. 

HON.  JAMES  S.  SHEPHERD. 

Hon  James  S.  Shepherd,  son  of  Caleb  Lockwood  Shep- 
herd and  Priscilla  Elizabeth  (Pattison)  Shepherd,  his  wife, 
was  bom  March  28,  1858,  in  Cambridge,  Md.,  where  he  grew 
to  manhood  and  was  educated,  and  where  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  and  other  enterprises  for  some  years. 
He  is  a  lineal  descendant  from  two  notable  colonial  families 
of  Dorchester  County,  the  Pattisons  and  LeComptes.  (See 
family  history  records.) 

In  1881,  Mr.  Shepherd  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Ellen  Rob- 
ertson, daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  Robertson  and  Margaret 
(Ballard)  Robertson,  of  Somerset  County,  Md.  In  1892  he 
was  appointed  Chief  Deputy  Clerk  of  Dorchester  County 
Court,  a  clerkship  which  he  has  held  ever  since,  except  when 
temporarily  absent  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  at  the  session  of  1902, 


386  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER  COUNTY 

to  which  he  was  elected  in  November,  1901.  Mr.  Shepherd 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Bar  of  Dorchester  County  Court. 
He  is  an  active  Democrat,  whose  political  course  has  ever 
been  on  a  high  and  honorable  plane  within  his  own  party 
lines,  and  who  has  highly  respected  the  political  rights  of  his 
opponents  in  other  i>arties.  His  affable  manners  and  oblig- 
ing disposition  make  him  a  popular  Court  officer.  To  him 
large  appreciation  and  great  credit  is  due  for  much  history 
and  biography  data  so  cheerfully  given  for  publication  in  this 
limited  history  of  Dorchester  County  and  of  some  of  her 
people.  Wherever  the  reference  abbreviations  "J-  S.  S." 
appear  in  this  volume,  Mr.  Shepherd  has  furnished  more  or 
less  data  for  subject  matter  there  given.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society,  and  takes  much  interest 
in  local  history. 

RAYMOND  STAPLEFORT. 

The  first  Sheriff  of  Dorchester  County  was  Raymond  Sta- 
plefort.  He  came  to  the  Province  of  Maryland  in  1660  from 
what  place  there  is  no  record,  and  first  settled  on  the  Western 
Shore.  He  was  a  Commissioner  for  Calvert  County  in  1664. 
Prior  to  1666  he  married  the  widow  of  Thomas  May.  In 
the  month  of  May  of  that  year,  when  an  Act  was  passed  to 
build  a  prison  at  St.  Marys  for  10,000  pounds  of  tobacco,  he 
oflfered  to  build  the  prison  for  that  amount  if  he  could  be 
appointed  keeper  of  it  for  life.  It  is  probably  that  he  did  not 
taJce  the  contract  to  build  the  prison  on  any  terms,  for,  on 
April  16,  1667,  a  tract  of  land  on  Taylor's  Island  was  surveyed 
for  him  called  "The  Commencement,"  that  contained  100 
acres,  and  several  other  tracts  at  the  same  time.  From  the 
office  of  Sheriff  in  the  county  in  1669,  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  County  Justices,  and  reappointed  several  times,  but 
when  a  Commissioner  in  1679,  complaint  was  made  against 
him  by  several  persons  in  Dorchester  County,  and  by  their 
influence,  he  was  dismissed  by  the  Governor. 


RAYMOND  STAPLEFORT  387 

Mr.  Staplefort's  landed  acquisitions  in  the  county  were 
large  and  valuable,  which  was  devised  by  will,  a  copy  of  which 
is  hereunder  appended. 

Some  of  his  descendants  who  bear  the  name  of  Staplefort 
still  live  on  Taylor's  Island,  where  he  first  settled  in  Dorches- 
ter County. 

COPY  OF  WILL  OF   RAYMOND  STAPLEFORT. 

In  the  Name  of  God,  Amen : 

I  give  to  God  my  Soule  that  g^ve  it  mee  and  to  the  Earth 
my  Body  and  to  my  sonne  Charles  all  my  lande,  only  Four 
Hundred  Acres,  I  give  to  my  sonne  George  Stapleford  at 
the  head  of  the  Creeke  and  to  my  Daughter,  Mary,  I  give  one 
hundred  acres  of  Lande  Called  by  the  name  of  Stapleford 
Lott  att  Charles  is  Creeke  side  and  my  Debts  being  paid  I 
give  all  the  rest  of  my  estate  to  be  divided  to  every  one.  Wife 
and  Children  a  share  of  all  my  Groods  and  Chattells  and  to 
See  it  equally  divided  I  leave  Major  Thomas  Taylor  and  my 
Brother  George  Thompson;  and  soe  I  rest  in  God  and  all 
his  Saints  and  Angels,  Amen. 

August  nth..  Anno  Domm.  1684.  (Seal). 

Rayd.  Stapleford. 
Sig;ned,  sealed  and  delivered 
in  the  presence  of  us 

William  Robson. 

William  Robson,  Jr. 

John  Philips. 

ON  THE  BACK  OF  WILL   THE    FOLLOWING. 

September  the  3d.  1687. 

Then  was  this  within  written  Will  proved  by  William 
Robson,  Senr.  &  William  Robson  Junr.  and  John  Phillips  all 
of  them  the  witnesses  to  the  said  Will  before  me 

Henry  Hooper. 
True  Copy :     Elie  Nallette 

Per  C. 


388  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER   COUNTY 

THE  STEVENS  FAMILY. 

William  Stevens  came  to  Maryland  in  165 1  with  his 
family.  He  entered  his  rights  15th  July,  165 1,  for  him- 
self, Magdalen,  his  wife;  John  and  William,  his  sons,  and 
Margaret  Aylin,  William  Hardin,  Daniel  Elsmore  and  John 
Mark  "this  present  year."  (Land  Office  Lib.  A.  B.  H.,  fol. 
141.)  The  entry  is  made  among  the  "demands  of  land  made 
hy  the  inhabitants  of  Patuxent  River,"  showing  that  he 
first  settled  in  what  is  now  Calvert  County.  Subsequently, 
however,  he  removed  to  Dorchester  County,  of  which  he 
was  one  of  the  Justices  in  1669.  (Md.  Archives,  v,  52.)  The 
year  of  his  death  is  unknown.  By  Magdalen,  his  wife,  he 
had  issue: 

1.  John  Stevens,  of  whom  further. 

2.  William  Stevens,  settled  in  Calvert  County  and  left 
descendants. 

John  Stevens,  son  of  William  and  Magdalen,  came  to 
Maryland  with  his  parents  in  165 1,  as  shown  by  the  entry  of 
rights  cited  above.  He  represented  Dorchester  County  in 
the  House  of  Burgesses,  1678,  1681,  1682.  (Md.  Archives, 
vii,  7,  125,  276.)  He  married  Dorothy,  sister  of  Christo- 
pher Preston.  In  his  will,  dated  November  4,  1689,  proved 
November  7,  1692  (Lib.  2,  fol.  285),  he  mentions  the  children 
given  below.  His  widow  Dorothy  made  her  will  November 
7,  1709,  and  it  was  proved  November  10,  1710.  (Lib.  W. 
B.,  fol.  194.)  She  mentions  her  son  John  Stevens,  her 
daughter  Magdalen,  widow  of  James  Edmondson,  her  four 
grandchildren,  Walter,  Johanna,  Mary  and  William  Stevens, 
children  of  her  son  William,  deceased,  and  Mary  Stevens, 
the  widow  of  the  latter;  her  daughter  Grade  Woolford,  wife 
of  James  Woolford;  her  granddaughter  Sarah  Edmondson, 
and  her  nephew  Thomas  Preston,  son  of  her  brother  Chris- 
topher Preston.  John  Stevens  and  Dorothy  (Preston)  his 
wife,  had  issue  as  follows: 

I.  John  Stevens,  of  whom  further. 


THE  STEVENS  389 

2.  William  Stevens,  youngest  son,  married,  1700,  Mary 
Pryor;  died  in  1709,  leaving  four  children. 

3.  Magdalen  Stevens,  eldest  daughter,  married,  i,  James 
Edmondson;  2,  Jacob  Lockerman. 

4.  Grace  Stevens,  married  James  Woolford  (see  Woolford 
family). 

John  Stevens,  son  of  John  and  Dorothy,  is  mentioned  in 
his  father's  will  as  the  eldest  son.  In  a  deposition  made  in 
1728,  he  gives  his  age  as  fifty-eight  years,  so  that  he  was  bom 
in  1670  (Dorchester  County  Lib.  8  old,  fol.  431).  His  will 
is  not  recorded  and  he  seems  to  have  died  intestate,  but  in 
what  year  does  not  appear.  He  married  between  1693  and 
1696,  Ann,  widow  of  Thomas  Cooke  and  daughter  of  Dr. 
John  Brooke.  It  is  not  known  what  issue  they  had,  but  there 
was  at  least  one  daughter. 

I.  Sarah  Stevens  married  Thomas  Woolford. 

7th  February,  1729,  John  Stevens,  of  Dorchester  County, 
conveys  to  his  grandson,  Stevens  Woolford,  son  of  Thomas 
Woolford  and  Sarah,  his  wife,  tract  called  "Stevenses  Gift," 
in  Dorchester  County.  (Dorchester  County  Rec,  Lib.  8, 
old  fol.  305.) 

NOTES. 

The  Stevens  family,  of  "Compton,**  on  Dividing  Creek,  in 
Talbot  County,  are  connected  with  a  Dorchester  County 
family  of  that  name. 

I.  Thomas  Stevens,  was  bom  in  1678;  died  in  1762.  His 
only  son — 

John,  bom,  1735;  died,  1794;  married  Elizabeth  Connoly. 
Their  children : 

1.  Juliana,  born,   1765;  died,   1823;  married  Dr.  Joseph 
Martin. 

2.  Mary,  born,  1767;  died,  1828;  married,  i,  Nathaniel 
Manning;  2,  Rev.  James  Thomas. 

3.  Henrietta,  married  his  brother,  John  Thomas. 

4.  Eliza,  married  John  R.  Downs;  2,  Francis  Rochester, 
of  Queen  Anne^s  County. 


390  HISTORY  OF  jDORCHESTER  COUNTY 

5.  Samuel,  the  only  son  who  survived  his  parents,  born 
July  13,  1778;  died  February  7,  i860;  married,  in  1804, 
Eliza  May,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Rebecca  Potts  May,  his 
wife,  of ,  Chester  County,  Pa. 

Samuel  Stevens  was  Governor  of  Maryland  in  1822-23-24. 
He  received  and  entertained  General  Lafayette  when  he 
visited  the  United  States.  Only  two  of  Governor  Stevens' 
children  survived  him,  and  only  one,  the  youngest,  left  chil- 
dren, Edwin  John,  who  married  Sarah  Hooper  Eccleston, 
daughter  of  Thos.  I.  H.  Eccleston,  and  Sarah  Ennalls  Hooper 
Eccleston,  his  wife. 

HON.  JAMES  A.  STEWART. 

The  late  Hon.  James  Augustus  Stewart  was  born  in  Dor- 
chester County,  Md.,  on  the  24th  day  of  November,  A.  D. 
1808.  For  many  years  he  resided  at  Cambridge,  in  his  native 
county,  where  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  estimable 
and  public  spirited  citizens.  He  was  the  eldest  of  seven  sons 
and  five  daughters,  of  Joseph  Stewart  and  Rachel  (Linthi- 
cum)  Stewart,  his  wife,  who  resided  in  Dorchester  County. 
His  paternal  ancestors  came  to  this  country  from  Scotland. 

Joseph  Stewart,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  well  known 
in  his  day  as  a  useful  and  exemplary  citizen.  He  died  on 
the  4th  of  August,  1839,  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age,  and 
his  widow  died  April  7,  1856,  in  her  seventy-third  year.  Mr. 
Stewart's  limited  education  caused  him  to  appreciate  the 
importance  of  giving  his  children  better  advantages  in  this 
respect.  They  were  liberally  educated.  The  son,  James  A. 
was  first  sent  to  a  country  school,  where  he  made  special 
effort  to  master  every  branch  to  which  attention  was  directed. 
At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  sent  to  Franklin  College,  in  Bal- 
timore, where  he  made  rapid  progress,  especially  in  mathe- 
matics. Entertaining  a  preference  for  the  law,  he  chose 
that  profession,  and  began  its  study  in  the  year  1827  in  the 
office  of  Major  Ebenezer  L.  Finley.  In  1829  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar  in  Baltimore.  He  immediately  removed 
to  Cambridge  and  at  the  April  term  was  admitted  to  practice 


HON.   JAMES  A.   STEWART  391 

in  that  court,  then  composed  of  Hons.  Wm.  Bond  Martin, 
Ara  Spence  and  William  Tingle.  The  Bar  then  consisted 
of  learned  members  of  the  profession,  among  them  were 
Josiah  Bayly  (afterwards  Attorney-General  of  the  State), 
Hon.  John  Leeds  Kerr  (subsequently  a  U.  S.  Senator),  Pitt, 
Page,  Nabb,  R.  N.  Martin,  Bullett,  Lockerman,  James  Alfred 
Pierce  and  others,  a  majority  of  whom  were  members  of  the 
Adams  party,  while  Mr.  Stewart's  views  at  this  time  on 
the  national  issues  impressed  him  that  the  principles  of  the 
Democratic  party  were  best  for  the  country;  he  therefore 
allied  himself  with  the  Jackson  party. 

At  this  i>eriod  political  discussions  partook  much  of  per- 
sonal rancor  and  vituperation.  Professional  standing  and  suc- 
cess depended  greatly  upon  partisan  sentiment  and  rivalry. 
He  had  to  share  the  fate  of  his  party,  and  honorably  endeav- 
ored to  maintain  a  firm  position  in  support  of  its  principles. 
As  an  incident  of  the  times,  the  following  "affair  of  honor,"  in 
which  he  became  involved  with  the  Hon.  Henry  Page,  may 
be  mentioned :  Mr.  Page  was  then  a  member  of  the  same 
Bar,  a  leading  politician  of  the  Adams  party  and  afterwards 
a  distinguished  State  Senator.  Mr.  Stewart  took  exceptions 
to  certain  conduct  of  Mr.  Page,  which  was  not  sufficiently 
explained,  consequently  he  sent  him  the  usual  invitation  for 
a  hostile  meeting  according  to  the  code,  which  was  accepted, 
and  the  parties  met  on  the  selected  ground  the  next  morning; 
they  drew  lots  and  at  the  distance  of  ten  paces  exchanged 
shots  without  serious  effect.  The  previous  difficulty  was 
amicably  adjusted  and  friendly  relations  resumed. 

In  1832  Mr.  Stewart  was  one  of  the  Electoral  candidates 
for  General  Jackson  in  the  Presidential  campaigii;  the  State 
was  then  divided  into  districts,  the  Eastern  Shore  counties 
constituted  one  district  with  three  Electors.  Henry  Miller, 
of  Cecil,  and  Richard  H.  Spence,  of  Talbot,  were  with  him 
on  the  ticket  Hon.  Albert  Constable,  Robert  H.  Golds- 
borough  and  John  N.  Steele  were  the  opposing  candidates, 
and  were  elected. 


392  HISTORY  OF  JDORCHESTER   COUNTY 

In  1837  Mr.  Stewart  married  Rebecca  Sophia  Eccleston, 
daughter  of  Wm.  Washington  Eccleston,  Register  of  Wills, 
of  Dorchester  County.  By  this  marriage  there  were  six 
children,  three  sons  and  three  daughters.  In  1843  ^^  ^^^^ 
elected  to  the  Legislature;  his  election  was  regarded  as  a 
great  triumph  for  him  and  his  party;  he  served  on  the  Com- 
mittee of  Ways  and  Means  with  the  late  Chancellor  Johnson, 
who  was  chairman,  and  James  Murray,  a  distinguished  law- 
yer, the  other  members.  He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National 
Convention,  which  met  at  Baltimore  in  1844,  and  nominated 
James  K.  Polk  for  President;  was  also  a  member  of  the 
National  Convention  at  Cincinnati  in  1856  that  nominated 
James  Buchanan  for  President.  In  1854,  after  the  resig- 
nation of  Judge  Ara  Spence,  Mr.  Stewart  was  recom- 
mended by  the  Bar,  without  party  distinction,  for  the  judicial 
vacancy,  and  was  at  once  commissioned  by  Governor  Ligon 
Judge  of  tITe  Twelfth  Judicial  Circuit.  Upon  the  expira- 
tion of  his  judicial  term  he  declined  a  nomination  for 
Judge,  preferring  to  be  a  candidate  for  Congress,  although 
the  district  was  doubtful  and  the  chances  against  him. 
He  was,  however,  elected  to  Congress  over  his  competitor, 
Hon.  John  Dennis,  by  a  small  majority.  In  1856,  while 
in  Congress,  he  took  front  rank  in  discussions  on  national 
questions  of  law  and  party  policies.  Throughout  his  con- 
gressional term  of  six  years,  he  diligently  discharged  his 
duties  and  ably  represented  the  people  of  his  district. 
At  the  close  of  his  last  term  in  1861,  he  retired  from  poli- 
tics to  practice  his  profession,  where  he  devoted  himself 
until  1867,  when  he  was  elected  Chief  Judge  of  the  First 
Judicial  Circuit,  under  the  three-judge  system  adopted  by  the 
Constitutional  Convention  that  year.  Under  the  judicial 
system  his  election  as  Chief  Judge  made  him  a  member  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals.  He  continued  a  member  of  the  Court 
until  his  death,  April  3,  1879,  then  over  seventy  years  of 
age.  His  widow  and  five  children  survived  him  to  mourn 
their  irreparable  loss.  Judge  Stewart  was  a  progressive  man 
of  enterprise  in  Cambridge.     He  built  a  number  of  houses 


THE  VANS   MURRAYS  393 

in  the  town  and  also  conducted  a  large  shipbuilding  industry 
and  built  a  number  of  vessels  there,  and  at  Church  Creek, 
one  fine  vessel  of  his,  a  bark,  was  lost  at  sea  with  all  on  board 
on  her  first  voyage. 

The  eldest  son  of  Judge  Stewart  and  wife,  is  Major  Wil- 
liam E.  Stewart,  of  Easton,  a  practicing  lawyer  who  was 
prosecuting  attorney  there  for  twelve  years.  When  living 
in  his  native  county,  Dorchester,  he  was  elected  a  Delegate 
to  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland  in  1868.  While  liv- 
ing in  Baltimore,  he  was  elected  for  two  terms  to  the  Legis- 
lature of  Maryland,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  City 
Council  two  terms.  Some  years  ago  he  returned  to  Easton 
to  practice  his  profession,  where  he  is  still  an  able  and  in- 
fluential member  of  the  Bar.  He  has  always  been  an  active 
politician  of  attraction  and  force. 

Alfred  R.  Stewart,  the  second  son,  was  also  admitted  to  the 
Bar,  but  never  practiced  law;  he  lived  a  number  of  years  in 
the  western  section  of  the  United  States.  Since  his  return 
he  accepted  a  position  with  the  Standard  Publishing  Com- 
pany, and  at  the  present  time  (1902)  is  Clerk  at  the  Cam- 
bridge Postoffice.  Mr.  Stewart  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  party  politics. 

Donald  Stewart,  third  son,  since  his  maturity,  has  always 
been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  and  has  acquired 
considerable  means  by  strict  attention  to  his  enterprise. 

Two  single  daughters  reside  at  the  Stewart  home,  lately 
bereft  of  their  mother,  Mrs.  Rebecca  Stewart,  who  died  May 
3,  1899. 

HON.  VANS  MURRAY. 

The  following  sketch  of  the  Vans  Murrays  is  largely 
quoted  from  a  record  made  by  Hon.  Qement  Sulivane. 

Wm.  Vans  Murray,  of  Dorchester  County,  was  a  cousin 
and  ward  of  the  then  Duke  of  Athol,  chief  of  the  Murray  clan 
in  Scotland,  and  having  embraced  the  cause  of  the  Protector 
in  the  rebellion  of  17 15,  after  its  suppression  he  was  obliged 
to  fly  for  his  life  and  escaped  to  France.     From  there  he 


394  HISTORY   OF  DORCHESTER   COUNTY 

emigrated  to  Maryland,  and  settled  in  the  village  of  Cam- 
bridge, Dorchester  County.  He  was  a  very  young  man  at 
the  time  and  only  had  fifty  guineas  as  his  fortune  when  he 
arrived.  He  was  a  physician,  his  practice  brought  him  a 
large  fortune.  In  the  year  1739  he  purchased  from  the  orig- 
inal patentee  of  Lord  Baltimore  about  one-third  of  the  land 
forming  the  present  site  of  Cambridge.     Dr.  Murray  died 


Vans  Auiras  Hmw. 

in  1759,  leaving  five  children,  one  of  whom,  James  Murray 
by  name,  was  the  father  of  William  Vans  Murray,  who  was 
bom  in  Cambridge  about  1765,  and  died  in  1803.  Very  soon 
after  the  Revolution  he  was  sent  to  England  to  be  educated. 
There  he  studied  law,  and  married  Miss  Charlotte  Higgins, 
of  England.  *  *  *  It  appears  she  did  not  come  with 
her  husband  to  America,  but  came  some  time  later. 


COL.   JAMES   WALLACE  395 

In  the  March  term  of  Dorchester  County  Court,  1791,  Mr. 
Murray  was  admitted  to  the -Bar,  and  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress that  year  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  and  was  twice  re- 
elected thereafter.  He  was  appointed  Foreign  Minister  to 
The  Hague  by  President  Adams  in  1800.  While  in  Holland, 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  three  Ministers  Plenipotentiary 
to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  France  in  1799.  After  the  election 
of  President  Jefferson  and  the  return  of  Minister  Murray 
to  Cambridge,  he  only  lived  about  two  years  and  died  on  a 
visit  to  Philadelphia  in  1803. 

From  the  Baltimore  paper.  Telegraph  and  Daily  Adver- 
tiser, Friday,  November  7,  1800,  is  here  copied  foreign  news, 
which  shows  what  eminent  service  Mr.  Murray  was  then 
rendering  his  country. 

GLORIOUS  NEWS. 

Paris,  October  3. 
A  convention  of  amity  and  commerce  between  French 
Republic  and  the  United  States  of  America  was  signed  the 
day  before  yesterday  by  the  French  plenipotentiaries,  Joseph 
Bonaparte,  C.  P.  Claret,  Flerieu  and  Roederer,  and  the 
American  Commissioners,  Oliver  Elsworth,  W.  R.  Davy 
and  W.  V.  Murray. 

COL.  JAMES  WALLACE. 

Col.  James  Wallace  was  bom  in  Dorchester  County,  Md. 
March  17,  181 8.  His  parents  were  Robert  Wallace  and 
Susan  Wallace,  nee  LeCompte,  great-granddaughter  of  John 
LcCompte,  a  Huguenot  refugee,  who  came  to  this  country 
after  the  treaty  of  Ryswick  and  settled  in  Dorchester  County. 
The  paternal  grandfather  of  Col.  James  Wallace  served  in 
the  Revolutionary  War  under  General  Smallwood. 

Colonel  Wallace  was  graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  Car- 
lisle, Pa.,  in  1840,  and  two  years  later  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar  in  Cambridge,  having  studied  law  under  the  late  Henry 
Page.     In  1854  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates; 


396  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER   COUNTY 

he  was  a  Presidential  Elector  at  large  in  1856,  voting  for  Mil- 
lard Fillmore;  the  same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  serving  until  1858. 

In  politics  he  was  an  old  line  Whig  and  in  later  years  was 
identified  with  the  Republican  party.  After  1858  he  took 
no  active  part  in  politics,  although  he  was  several  times  prom- 
inently mentioned  for  Governor. 

At  the  solicitation  of  Gov.  Hicks,  he  accepted  a  commis- 
sion from  the  Secretary  of  War  and  raised  the  First  Maryland 
Eastern  Shore  Volunteer  Regiment  in  the  Civil  War.  He 
was  engaged  in  military  duty  on  the  Eastern  Shores  of  Mary- 
land and  Virginia  from  the  organization  of  the  regiment  until 
1863.  His  command  was  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in 
1863,  under  General  Lockwood,  forming  part  of  his  inde- 
pendent brigade  of  Marylanders. 

In  his  official  report  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  General 
Meade  especially  commended  the  Maryland  Brigade  for  gal- 
lant service  on  that  occasion.  Towards  the  close  of  1863, 
Colonel  Wallace  resigned  his  position  in  the  Army  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession,  but  subsequently 
abandoned  it  to  engage  extensively  in  the  more  congenial 
pursuit  of  agriculture.  He  is  said  to  have  planted  and  cul- 
tivated the  first  large  peach  orchard  in  Dorchester  County, 
and  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  was  considered  perhaps  the 
most  successful  horticulturist  in  the  State. 

He  manifested,  at  all  times,  the  liveliest  interest  in  the 
improvements  and  progress  of  the  town  and  county  and  was 
foremost  in  all  the  leading  enterprises  of  the  community. 

He  died  February  12,  1887,  and  no  higher  eulogy  could 
be  pronounced  upon  any  man  than  to  say  he  possessed  this 
transcendent  gift,  to  impress  his  ideas  upon  the  age  in  which 
he  lived. 

JAMES  WALLACE. 

.  James  Wallace,  son  of  Col.  James  Wallace  and  Annie  E. 
Wallace  (nee  Phelps),  was  bom  January  5,  1850,  at  Cam- 
bridge, Md. 


JAMES   WALLACE  397 

Mr.  Wallace,  after  leaving  the  Cambridge  Academy, 
entered  the  Freshman  Class  of  Dickinson  College  as  a 
member  of  the  now  celebrated  Qass  of  '70,  continued  his 
studies  at  Dickinson  until  the  Junior  Year,  when  he  was  com- 
pelled to  return  home  on  account  of  the  breaking  down  of 
his  health. 

He  regained  his  health  in  a  year  or  so  and  entered  into 
the  then  undeveloi>ed  business  of  packing  canned  goods  and 
vegetables  and  oysters  in  connection  with  his  father,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Jas.  Wallace  &  Son. 

They  were  the  pioneers  of  this  industry  in  Dorchester 
and  from  their  primitive  beginning  have  built  up  a  large  and 
lucrative  business,  their  brands  of  goods  are  now  sold  and 
recognized  the  country  over  as  one  of  the  leading  brands  in 
this  line  of  industry. 

The  packing  business  was  under  the  active  management 
and  control  of  the  junior  Mr.  Wallace,  and  its  success  is 
attributable  to  his  industry  and  business  sagacity. 

In  1888  Mr.  Wallace  married  Miss  Emma  McComas, 
daughter  of  F.  C.  McComas,  Esq.,  of  Hagerstown,  Md. 
By  this  marriage  they  have  two  children,  Katharine  and 
James  Wallace,  Jr. 

Mr.  Wallace,  while  devoting  his  time  particularly  to  the 
packing  and  other  business  enterprises  with  which  he  is 
connected,  always  took  an  active  interest  in  the  political 
affairs  of  his  county  and  State,  being  actively  identified  with 
the  Republican  i>arty;  he  i>ersistently,  however,  refused  a 
number  of  nominations  tendered  him  by  his  party,  the  only 
time  he  consented  to  accept  a  nomination  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Maryland  Legislature  of  1882. 

In  addition  to  the  canned  goods  business,  Mr.  Wallace 
has  at  all  times  been  an  ardent  and  zealous  worker  for  the 
improvement  of  his  town  and  county,  and  has  ever  stood 
ready  to  aid  and  foster  all  enterprises  looking  toward  the 
industrial  development  of  the  city  of  his  birth. 

Mr.  Wallace  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Dorches- 
ter National  Bank  and  is  now  its  Vice-President,  also  one 


398  HISTORY  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY 

of  the  organizers  and  incorporators  of  the  Cambridge  Water 
Co.,  the  Cambridge  Mfg.  Co.,  the  Cambridge  Gas  Ca,  and 
the  Eastern  Shore  Trust  Co.,  being  a  Director  in  all  of  the 
above  corporations  and  President  of  the  Cambridge  Water 
Co.,  also  of  the  Cambridge  Mfg.  Co.;  has  done  his  full  share 
in  connection  with  a  number  of  young  men  who  came  to 
the  front  with  him  to  make  Cambridge  the  largest  and  most 
progressive  town  on  the  Maryland  and  Delaware  Peninsula. 
Mr.  Wallace  is  also  extensively  interested  in  fruit  and  veg- 
etable raising  on  his  fertile  farms  near  Cambridge. 


THE  WOOLFORDS  AND  WHITELEY 

CONNECTIONS. 

Roger  Woolford,  the  first  of  that  name  to  settle  in  Mary- 
land, came  from  England  and  first  settled  on  the  Elastem 
Shore  of  Virginia.  Soon  thereafter  he  came  to  Maryland  and 
permanently  located  on  the  Manokin  River.  (Family  tradi- 
tion claims  that  his  ancestors  lived  in  Wales  and  that  one 
of  them  went  to  England  as  a  soldier  with  William  the  Con- 
queror.) 

After  the  arrival  of  Roger  Woolford  in  Maryland,  about 
1662,  on  August  13  of  that  year  (data  from  J.  S.  S.),  "he 
had  a  warrant  for  600  acres  of  land,  for  which  he  enters  rights 
for  his  own  transportation  and  undertakes  to  enter  other 
rights  in  due  course."  (Land  Office,  Lib.  5,  fol.  210.)  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1663,  he  demands  land  for  himself,  Mary  Woolford, 
Mary  Woolford  again,  and  other  persons.  (Land  Office, 
Lib.  6,  fol.  134.)  July  10,  1665,  he  enters  rights  for  the 
transportation  into  the  Province,  of  Levin  and  Sarah  Den- 
Wood,  John  Wells,  Martha  Robinson  and  Owen  Mackara. 
(Land  Office,  Lib.  8,  fol.  486.)  And  February  13,  1667, 
he  enters  rights  for  Mary  Thomas,  Elizabeth  and  Rebecca 
Denwood,  Richard  Prinum,  Barbary  Gilbert,  Thomas 
Somers  and  Elizabeth  Gradwell.  (Land  Office,  Lib.  11, 
fol.  229,  359.)     With  Levin  and  Thomas  Denwood  he  r^- 


THE  WOOLFORDS  AND  WHITELEY  CONNECTIONS  399 

isters  his  mark  for  cattle  in  Somerset  County,  June  7,  1666. 
(Somerset  County  Records.) 

He  was  one  of  the  Justices  far  Somerset  County  in  1676, 
'80,  '89,  '94  (Md.  Archives,  xv,  77-216,  275,  328;  xiii,  224; 
Md.  Council  Proceedings),  and  represented  the  county 
in  the  House  of  Burgesses  1671,  '74,  '75,  '78,  '81,  '82.  (Md. 
Archives,  ii,  239,  311,  422;  vii,  7,  125,  307.)  He  died  in 
1701.  In  his  will,  proved  February  26,  1701,  he  calls  him- 
self Roger  Woolford,  of  Monocan  (».  e.,  Manokin),  Somerset 
County,  and  mentions  his  sons,  Roger,  Levin  and  James, 
and  his  daughter  Sarah.  His  wife  and  his  son  Levin  are 
appointed  executors.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Levin 
Denwood,  Senr.  (see  Denwood  family),  and  had  issue  as 
follows,  the  dates  of  birth  being  taken  from  Somerset  County 
Records : 

1.  Mary  Woolford,  mentioned  in  entry  of  rights,  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1663  (see  above). 

2.  Elizabeth  Woolford,  bom  February  8,  1664. 

3.  Rosanna  Woolford,  born  March  i,  1666. 

4.  Roger  Woolford,  born  July  20,  1670,  of  whom  further. 
5.'  Sarah  Woolford,  bom  March  8,  1672. 

6.  Ann  Woolford,  bom  August  26,  1675. 

7.  James  Woolford,  bom  September  g,  i6f^7;  married 
March  11,  1698,  Grace  Stevens,  of  Dorchester  County 
(Friends'  Records). 

8.  Levin  Woolford,  bom  September  20,  1683. 

All  of  the  above  children,  except  Mary,  were  bom  at 
Manokin. 

Col.  Roger  Woolford,  son  of  Roger  and  Mary,  was  bom, 
as  above  stated,  at  Manokin,  Somerset  County,  July  20, 
1670.  After  his  marriage  he  removed  to  Dorchester  County, 
of  which  he  was  one  of  the  Justices  in  1696  (MS.  Council 
Book).  He  was  Burgess  for  Dorchester  County,  1707,  '14, 
'15,  '19,  '20  (House  Journal).  In  1729  he  was  one  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Provincial  Court  of  Maryland  (Commission 
Book).  He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Bartholomew 
EnnaJls,  of  Dorchester  County,  August  5,  1695  (Evidence). 


400  HISTORY  OF  JX)RCHESTER  COUNTY 

John  Ennalls,  of  Dorchester  County,  conveys  to  Roger 
Woolford,  Gent.,  of  said  county,  all  his  right,  title,  etc.,  to 
two  tracts  of  land  lying  on  Little  Choptank  River,  viz: 
"John's  Point,"  200  acres,  and  "Addition"  to  "John's  Point," 
45  acres,  now  in  the  occupation  of  the  said  Roger  Woolford 
in  right  of  wife  Elizabeth,  sister  to  him,  the  said  John 
Ennalls,  together  with  all  the  stock  of  cattle,  etc.,  which 
Bartholomew  Ennalls,  father  of  him,  the  said  John  Ennalls, 
devised  by  his  last  will  and  testament  to  the  said  Elizabeth 
for  the  term  of  her  natural  life  with  reversion  and  remainder 
to  him,  the  said  John  Ennalls.  (See  Dorchester  County 
Records,  Lib.  5,  old  fol.  62.)  Col.  Roger  Woolford  died  in 
1730.  In  his  will,  dated  October  .7,  proved  December  8, 
1730,  he  mentions  his  son  John,  his  daughter  Rosanna  Wool- 
ford, his  daughter  Sarah,  wife  of  John  Jones;  his  daughter 
Mary,  wife  of  John  Pitts;  his  daughter  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Thomas  Hicks;  his  grandchildren,  Roger  and  Mary  Pitts; 
his  son  Stevens;  his  grandson  Roger  Woolford,  son  of 
Thomas.  His  wife,  Elizabeth,  and  his  sons,  Thomas  and 
John,  are  appointed  executors.  (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  20, 
fol.  119.) 

Col.  Roger  Woolford  and  Elizabeth  (Ennalls),  his  wife, 
had  issue  as  follows: 

Twins— I.  Mary  Woolford,  born  February  29,  1691  (Som- 
erset County  Records);  married  John  Pitts.  2.  Elizabeth 
Woolford,  bom  February  29,  1691  (Somerset  Records);  mar- 
ried Thomas  Hicks. 

3.  John  Woolford,  died  in  1750;  married  Mary  Brown. 
Had  issue  in  Somerset  County. 

4.  Thomas  Woolford,  of  whom  further. 

5.  Rosanna  Woolford. 

6.  Sarah  Woolford,  married  John  Jones. 

Thomas  Woolford,  son  of  Col.  Roger  and  Elizabeth,  was 
probably  bom  about  1700,  in  Dorchester  County,  after  his 
father  settled  there.  He  was  one  of  the  Justices  of  Dor- 
chester County,  1726-33,  and  was  of  the  Quorum,  1732-33 
(Commission   Book).     He  died  in   1751.     His  will,  dated 


THE  WOOLFORDS  AND  WHITELEY   CONNECTIONS  4OI 

October  29,  1750,  proved  November  2,  175 1,  mentions  the 
children  named  below  (see  Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  28,  fol. 
180).  He  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Stevens,  and 
had  issue,  namely : 

1.  Thomas  Woolford,  married  Mollie  Taylor. 

2.  Roger  Woolford,  married  Elizabeth  Jones. 

3.  Stevens  Woolford,  of  whom  further. 

4.  Bartholomew  Woolford,  "Batty,"  married  Mollie 
Keene. 

5.  Levin  Woolford,  married  "Batty's"  widow. 

6.  James  Woolford,  married  Nancy  Pattison. 

7.  John  Woolford. 

8.  Nancy  Woolford,  married,   i,   Robert   Mills;  2,  

Eskridge. 

FAMILY  HISTORY   DATA. 

Thomas  Woolford,  son  of  Roger  Woolford  and  Elizabeth 
(Jones)  Woolford,  his  wife,  was  born  January  10,  1755.  He 
was  commissioned  Captain  of  the  6th  Independent  Com- 
pany of  Dorchester  County  Volunteers  January  5,  1776, 
to  battle  for  American  Independence  in  the  Revolutionary 
War.  For  his  commanding  ability  as  an  officer  and  bravery 
in  battles,  he  received  the  following  promotions:  Major, 
February  20,  1777;  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  2d  Maryland 
Battalion,  April  17,  1777;  Lieutenant-Colonel  commanding 
5th  Maryland  Regiment,  October  20,  1779.  Colonel  Wool- 
ford, first  as  Captain  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel at  White  Plains,  and  on  other  fields  of  conflict, 
reached  the  height  of  a  soldier's  fame  when  half  of  his  brave 
command  was  killed,  wounded  or  captured  in  the  battle  of 
Catawba  Ford,  on  the  Wateree  River,  in  Carolina,  where  he 
was  wounded  by  a  shot  that  broke  his  thigh  and  was  taken 
prisoner  August  20,  1780.  He  was  exchanged  December 
20,  1780,  then  transferred  to  the  4th  Maryland  Infantry, 
January  i,  1781,  and  retired  from  army  service  January  i, 

1783. 

26 


402  HISTORY  OF  IX)RCHESTER   COUNTY 

Colonel  Woolford  married  Elizabeth  Woolford,  daughter 
of .  They  had  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  John,  Wil- 
liam, Roger,  Isabella,  Elizabeth  and  Thomas,  Jr.  He  died 
October  8,  1841.  Isabella,  his  daughter,  was  bom  Novem- 
ber 12,  1785;  married,  i,  George  Applegarth,  who  died 
without  heirs;  2,  Thomas  Byus.  They  had  six  children,  four 
sons  and  two  daughters. 

Thomas  Woolford,  Jr.,  son  of  Colonel  Thomas  and  Eliza- 
beth, his  wife,  was  bom  September  12,  1787.     He  married 

Priscilla  Jones,  daughter  of ;  she  was  bom  February  10, 

1794.     They  had  eight  sons  and  three  daughters,  namely: 

I.  Elizabeth,  bom  November  29,  1815;  died  February 
20,  1878. 

2.  Thomas,  bom  18 18. 

3.  Alexander,  born  1820. 

4.  John  Wesley,  bom  December  25,  1821. 

5.  Julia,  bom  1823. 

6.  Jethro,  born  May  23,  1827. 

7.  Richard,  born . 

8.  Mary  Isabella,  born  January  18,  183 1. 

9.  Wm.  Washington,  bom  July  i,  1832. 
10.  Jos.  F.,  bom  November  28,  1834. 

II.  Nathaniel,  bom  April  11,  1838;  died . 


Thomas  Woolford,  father  of  these  children,  died  July  3, 
1866.  His  daughter,  Elizabeth,  first  married  John  Eskridge, 
who  died  leaving  two  children,  Lillie  Lx>uisa  and  John  E. 
Eskridge.  His  widow  next  married  James  Craig,  in  1840; 
their  children  were  Julia  Miranda,  who  died  in  youth,  and 
James  W.  Craig,  still  surviving.  Elizabeth  (Woolford) 
Eskridge  Craig  died  February  20,  1878;  James  Craig,  her 
husband,  was  bom  October  31,  1812,  and  died  March  13, 
1897. 

James  W.  Craig,  their  son,  was  bom  February  14,  1844; 
married  Julia  A.  Cooke  in  1866;  their  children  are: 

1.  James  Hermon  Craig. 

2.  Edith  May  Craig. 

3.  E.  Allan  Craig. 


THE  WOOLFORDS  AND  WHITELEY   CONNECTIONS  4O3 

4.  Julia  Elizabeth  Craig. 

5.  Henry  Cooke  Craig. 

6.  Thomas  B.  Craig. 

These  children  are  in  direct  line  of  descent  from  Col. 
Thomas  Woolford,  of  Revolutionary  fame. 

Julia  A.  Woolford,  sister  of  Elizabeth  (Woolford)  Eskridge 
Craig,  married  Rev.  James  Thompson,  a  native  of  Ireland. 
He  was  a  minister  in  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church  for 
some  years. 

Their  children  are  Rev.  William  Thompson,  now  a  minis- 
ter in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of 
Massachusetts;  Mary  E.,  married  Mr.  Cook,  of  Washingfton; 
and  Adam  Clark  Thompson,  who  are  also  lineal  descendants 
of  Col.  Thomas  Woolford. 

{Data  from  J,  S.  S.) 

Stevens  Woolford,  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah,  was  born 
before  1729,  since  7th  February,  1729,  John  Stevens,  of 
Dorchester  County,  conveys  to  his  grandson,  Stevens  Wool- 
ford, son  of  Thomas  Woolford  and  Sarah,  his  wife,  a  tract 
called  "Stevenses  Gift,"  lying  in  Dorchester  County  (Dor- 
chester County  Records,  Lib.  8,  old  fol.  305).  The  date  of 
his  death  cannot  be  ascertained  owing  to  the  destruction  of 
the  Dorchester  County  Testamentary  Records.  He  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Arthur  Whiteley  (see  Whiteley  fam- 
ily), and  had  issue  as  follows : 

1.  Mary  Woolford,  bom  October  5,  1753;  married  John 
Hooper  (see  Hooper  family). 

2.  Betty  Woolford,  bom  June  5,  1756. 

3.  Katie  Woolford,  bom  January  23,  1758. 

4.  Nancy  Woolford,  born  May  10,  1760. 

5.  Stevens  Whiteley  Woolford,  born  August  i,  1762,  of 
whom  further. 

6.  Arthur  Whiteley  Woolford,  born  March  i,  1765. 

7.  Rosanna  Woolford,  born  January  18,  1768. 

The  above  dates  of  birth  are  extracted  from  Dorchester 
Parish  Register. 


404  HISTORY  OF  IX)RCHESTER   COUNTY 

Stevens  Whiteley  Woolford,  son  of  Stevens  and  Elizabeth, 
was  bom  August  i,  1762.  He  married,  8th  February,  1783, 
Eleanor,  daughter  of  Roger  Jones  (Dorchester  Parish  Reg- 
ister). His  will,  dated  i8th  September,  1827,  and  proved 
5th  November,  1832,  is  recorded  at  Cambridge  (Lib.  T.  H. 
H.,  No.  I,  fol.  188);  it  mentions  his  wife,  Eleanor,  and  the 
following  children : 

1.  Stevens  Woolford,  born  12th  May,  1784  (Dorchester 
Parish  Register). 

2.  Whitefield  Woolford. 

3.  Hiram  Woolford. 

4.  Mary  Woolford,  married Jones. 

5.  Sarah  Woolford. 

Arthur  Whiteley,  of  Dorchester  County,  was  bom  about 
1652.  In  a  deposition  made  in  1730,  he  gives  his  age  as  78 
years  (Chancery,  Lib.  L  R.,  No.  i,  fol.  318).  He  married 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  William  Rich,  of  Talbot  County,  and 
9th  March,  1705,  he  gives  to  *'my  four  children,  William, 
Peter,  Mary  and  Elizabeth  Rich,  three  cows,  marked  with 
the  probe  mark  of  William  Rich,  late  of  Talbot  County, 
deceased,  and  two  mares,  branded  W.  R."  (Dorchester 
County  County  Records,  Lib.  6,  old  fol.  80).  loth  August, 
1705,  Arthur  Whiteley,  of  Dorchester  County,  and  Eliza- 
beth, his  wife,  convey  to  Daniel  Sherwood  a  tract  called 
*The  Adventure,"  containing  412  acres,  in  Dorchester 
County  (Dorchester  County  Records,  Lib.  6,  old  fol.  70). 

Before  17 19  Elizabeth  was  dead  and  he  had  married  a 
second  wife,  Joan,  since  12th  August,  1719,  Arthur  Whiteley, 
of  Dorchester  County,  and  Joan,  his  wife,  execute  a  deed  to 
Thos.  Nevett  (Dorchester  County  Records,  Lib.  2,  old  fol. 
2).  His  will,  dated  20th  January,  1729,  proved  March  12, 
1735  (Annapwlis  Wills,  Lib.  21,  fol.  532),  mentioned  his 
son,  Arthur  Rich  Whiteley,  who  is  appointed  executor,  and 
his  sons,  Anthony,  Alexander,  Augustus  and  Abraham 
Bing  Whiteley.  The  issue  of  Arthur  Whiteley,  by  his  two 
wives,  was  as  follows : 


THE   WOOLFORDS  AND   WHITELEY   CONNECTIONS  4O5 

1.  Arthur  Rich  Whiteley,  of  whom  further. 

2.  Anthony  Whiteley,  settled  in  Philadelphia. 

3.  Alexander  Whiteley. 

4.  Augustus  Whiteley. 

5.  Abraham  Bing  Whiteley. 

Arthur  Rich  Whiteley  was  the  son  of  Arthur  Whiteley 
and  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  widow  of  William  Rich.  He  lived 
on  a  tract  called  **Harwood's  Choice."  27th  November, 
1752,  Anthony  Whiteley,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Gent.,  con- 
veys to  Arthur  Whiteley  of  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  all 
his  right,  title,  etc.,  to  "Harwood's  Choice,"  being  the  plan- 
tation on  which  said  Arthur  lives,  and  an  adjacent  tract 
called  "Henry's  Choice"  (Dorchester  County  Records,  Lib. 
14,  old  fol.  683).  In  his  will,  dated  15th  April,  1766,  proved 
23d  November,  1771  (Annapolis  Wills,  Lib.  38,  fol.  537),  he 
omits  his  middle  name  and  calls  himself  simply  Arthur 
Whiteley.  He  mentions  in  it  his  wife,  Katharine,  and  the 
following  children : 

1.  Arthur  Whiteley  (executor  of  his  father's  will). 

2.  William  Rich  Whiteley. 

3.  Betty  Whiteley,  married  Stevens  Woolford  (see  Wool- 
ford  family). 

4.  Mary  Whiteley,  married Travers. 

5.  Sarah  Whiteley,  married  John  Stevens. 

6.  Nancy  Whiteley. 

In  addition  to  these  children,  he  mentions  his  grandsons, 
Arthur  Stevens,  son  of  John  Stevens,  and  Arthur  Woolford, 
son  of  Stevens  Woolford. 

From  Col.  Thomas  Woolford,  son  of  Col.  Roger  Wool- 
ford, herein  named,  another  branch  of  the  family  began  with 
his  son  Stevens,  better  known  as  Rev.  Stephen  Woolford,  who 
married  Elizabeth  Whiteley,  sister  of  Colonel  Whiteley,  of 
Caroline  County.  They  had  three  sons  and  seven  daughters, 
already  herein  named.  He  died  in  the  year  1800,  71  years 
of  age.     His  son,   Rev.   Stephen  B.   Woolford,  married  a 


406  HISTORY  OF  IX)RCHESTER   COUNTY 

Miss  Custis,  of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Virginia.  Their  sons 
were  Stephen,  George  Whitefield  and  Hiram  W.  Woolford; 
Hiram  W.  married Busick,  daughter  of ,  of  Dor- 
chester County,  Md.  They  had  four  sons  and  six  daugh- 
ters, viz:  Stephen  B.,  Hiram  W.,  Jr.,  James  L.,  and 
Wm.  W.;  Caroline,  Sarah,  Mary  Ann,  Elizabeth,  Sarah  E. 
and  Henrietta.  Hiram  W.  Woolford,  Sr.,  died  in  March, 
1862,  at  Milton.  He  was  a  land  owner  and  slave-holder. 
Had  been  elected  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court  and  several 
times  a  member  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  of 
which  he  was  President.  In  politics,  he  was  an  "old  line 
Whig,"  and  a  stanch  friend  of  Thomas  HoUiday  Hicks. 
Stephen,  one  of  the  sons  of  Hiram,  was  a  mariner  and  cap- 
tain of  sail  vessels  for  some  years,  and  died  when  about  48 
years  of  age.  Hiram  W.  was  also  a  mariner  and  died  at  the 
age  of  26.  James  L.  was  also  a  youthful  captain  on  his 
father's  vessel  until  1862,  when  he  went  "South"  and  volun- 
teered in  the  Confederate  Army,  November  20,  1862.  He 
was  a  brave  soldier  and  was  wounded  three  times  in  the 
battles  at  Gettysburg,  and  only  surrendered  when  he  could 
neither  fight  nor  retreat.  After  being  kept  in  the  Federal 
hospitals  for  some  time,  he  was  sent  to  Fort  McHenry,  and 
from  there  was  exchanged  March  20,  1864,  to  enter  again 
the  conflict  of  civil  war.  From  this  time  on  he  was  in 
numerous  skirmishes  and  battles,  suffered  many  hardships 
and  privations  until  the  close  of  the  war  for  the  cause  of  his 
political  convictions.  He  returned  to  his  home  in  Maryland 
and  resumed  his  citizenship,  acknowledging  what  the  sword 
had  settled  for  his  country  to  be  final,  he  became  a  firm  and 
honest  supporter  of  the  Union,  for  one  country  and  one 
people. 

A  return  to  civil  life  did  not  take  away  from  him  all  the 
charms  of  military  service.  He  raised  a  volunteer  militia 
company  in  Cambridge,  called  the  "Lloyd  Guards,"  then 
said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  drilled  companies  in  the  State, 
and  its  personnel  was  beyond  the  conception  of  an  old  time 
soldier.     Soon  after  he  formed  the  Third  Maryland   Bat- 


THE  WOOLFORDS  AND  WHITELEY  CONNECTIONS  407 

talion,  and  was  elected  its  Colonel.  This  Battalion  was 
regarded  as  being  the  finest  body  of  men  in  the  service,  and 
always  received  honorable  mention  in  Brigade  Reports, 
being  well  drilled,  finely  dressed  and  handsome  in  appear- 
ance. No  doubt  Colonel  Woolford  and  his  staff  were  proud 
of  that  command.  For  twelve  years  they  were  the  flower  of 
the  Maryland  National  Guard  and  as  true  soldiers  as  ever 
stood  in  the  "Old  Maryland  Line." 

Colonel  Woolford's  first  business  venture  after  his  return 
from  the  South,  was  in  the  commission  business  at  Baltimore 
for  eight  years.  From  there  he  went  to  Cambridge  and 
engaged  in  the  oyster  business,  where  he  built  up  one  of  the 
largest  trades  on  the  Eastern  Shore.  His  liberal  disburse- 
ments in  this  business  were  beneficial  to  many  laboring  peo- 
ple, but  did  not  yield  him  a  profitable  return.  In  1893  he 
removed  to  Baltimore,  where  he  is  now  in  business. 

His  family  consists  of  his  wife,  the  daughter  of  Charles 
Breerwood,  of  Town  Point,  whose  mother  was  the  daughter 
of  Samuel  Hooper.  Their  three  childrn,  Gertrude  N.,  Nellie 
C.  and  W.  Clyde  Woolford,  reside  with  their  parents. 

Other  branches  of  the  Woolford  family  have  received 
biographical  notice  in  "Portrait  and  Biographical  Record 
of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland." 


APPENDIX. 


ASSEMBLY  DELEGATES  AND  BURGESSES. 

COLONIAL  PERIOD. 

1669-71 — Richard  Preston,  non-resident  Assembly  Delegate;  Daniel 
Qark,  non-resident  Burgess. 

1671-74 — Daniel  Clark,  William  Ford,  Henry  Trippe,  Burgesses  or 
Delegates. 

1674-75 — Daniel  Clark,  Henry  Trippe,  Burgesses  or  Delegates. 

1681 — Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Dr.  John  Brooks. 

1682 — Henry  Trippe,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Assembly  Delegates. 

October  2,  1683 — Bartholomew  Ennalls.  October  5  Mr.  Ennalls  asked 
the  House  to  dispense  with  his  services  the  remainder  of  the  session, 
which  was  refused. 

April  I,  1684 — Capt  William  Frazier  (?),  Bartholomew  Ennalls  (fined 
for  absence,  ten  pounds  sterling).  Dr.  John  Brooks. 

May  14,  1692 — Henry  Trippe,  Dr.  John  Brooks,  Thomas  Ennalls,  Edward 
Finder. 

1693 — Maj.  Henry  Trippe,  Dr.  John  Brooks,  Thomas  Ennalls,  Edward 
Finder. 

1694 — John  Pollard,  Henry  Hooper,  Thomas  Hicks,  Thomas  Ennalls. 

1695 — ^John  Pollard,  Maj.  Henry  Hooper,  Thomas  Ennalls,  Thomas 
Hicks.  Pollard's  salary  was  2240  pounds  of  tobacco,  from  October  4  to 
October  19,  16  days  attendance.  Ennalls,  9  days,  1260  pounds.  Each  mem- 
ber was  allowed  80  pounds  per  day  for  6  days,  traveling  expenses,  coming 
and  going. 

1696 — The  same. 

1697 — The  same. 

May  10,  1698  (first  session) — Thomas  Hicks,  Walter  Campbell,  Jacob 
Lockerman.     (Thos.  Ennalls  sick.) 

October  20,  1698 — Same  Delegates  (second  session). 

June  29,  1699 — The  same  Delegfates. 

May  8,  1701 — ^Thomas  Ennalls,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Hugh  Eccleston,  John 
hcComptt. 

March  16,  1702 — The  same  Delegates. 


4IO  APPENDIX 

1703 — No  record. 

December  5,  1704 — Hugh  Eccleston,  John  Taylor,  John  Hudson,  Joseph 
Ennalls. 

1705 — Hugh  Eccleston,  John  Taylor,  John  Hudson,  Joseph  Ennalls. 

April  2,  1706 — Hugh  Eccleston,  John  Taylor,  John  Hudson,  Joseph 
Ennalls. 

March  6,  1707— Hugh  Ejinalls,  John  Hudson,  Joseph  Ejinalls,  Roger 
Woolford. 

1708 — Hugh  Eccleston,  John  Hudson,  Joseph  Ejinalls,  Roger  Woolford. 

October  26,  1709 — Hugh  Eccleston,  Walter  Campbell,  Joseph  Ennalls, 
John  Hudson.  (Writs  were  issued  for  the  election  of  two  members  to 
serve  in  the  place  of  Joseph  Ennalls,  deceased,  and  Roger  Woolford,  com- 
missioned sheriff.) 

October  24,  1 710— Hugh  Eccleston,  Walter  Campbell,  John  Hudson, 
Thomas  Hicks. 

October  23,  171 1 — ^Walter  Campbell,  John  Hudson,  Thomas  Hicks, 
Robert  Skinner.  (Writ  for  an  election  of  a  member  in  place  of  Hugh 
Eccleston,   deceased.    Robert   Skinner   elected  to  vacancy.) 

October  28,  1712 — ^Roger  Woolford,  Henry  Ennalls,  Covert  Lockerman, 
Henry  Trippe. 

October  27,  1713 — ^Roger  Woolford,  Henry  Ennalls,  Covert  Lockerman. 

June,  1 714 — Capt.  Henry  Trippe  (first  session,  no  record),  Maj.  Roger 
Woolford,  Capt.  Henry  Ennalls,  Covert  Lockerman. 

October  5,  1714  (second  session) — Capt  Henry  Ennalls,  Covert  Locker- 
man, Henry  Trippe,  Roger  Woolford. 

April  26,  1715  (first  session  under  reign  of  King  Ccorge) — Roger  Wool- 
ford, Henry  Trippe,  John  Hudson,  Peter  Taylor. 

1715  (second  session) — Maj.  Roger  Woolford,  Captain  Henry  Trippe, 
John  Hudson,  Peter  Taylor. 

April  23,  1 716— John  Brannock,  Peter  Taylor  Tobias  Pollard,  John 
Meekins  (session  prorogued). 

July  7,  1 716— John  Brannock,  Peter  Taylor,  Tobias  Pollard,  John 
Meekins  (session  porogued). 

May  28,  1 71 7 — Peter  Taylor,  Tobias  Pollard,  John  Meekins,  John  Bran- 
nock (session  prorogued). 

April  23,  1 718— Tobias  Pollard,  John  Meekins,  Peter  Taylor,  John  Bran- 
nock. 

May  14,  1 719 — Maj.  Roger  Woolford,  Capt.  John  Rider,  Peter  Taylor, 
John  Brannock. 

April  5,  1720 — ^John  Brannock,  Col.  Roger  Woolford,  Capt  John  Rider, 
Peter  Taylor  (session  prorogued). 

October  11,  1720 — John  Brannock,  Col.  Roger  Woolford,  Capt  John 
Rider,  Peter  Taylor. 

July  i8»   1721— Roger  Woolford,  Peter  Taylor.     (Resolved,  That  Mr. 


AFPENIMX  41 1 


Peter  Tavlor  be  iatd  ttn  shiliafs.  to  be  p»id   '-  -J^^^^tuJy  to  tbe 
for  his  ahsenoe  at  n"^^  crer  ibe  Hocse  aad  i.vr  :r  ■  ;c  tiierec«L'» 

9.    1722— Hesry    Hocpcr.    Mazibi^    TriTiers^    Join    H>isoa. 


September  zs-  i7Z3H-He=rT  Tiarerse.  E*iwari  Pr-rcbrtX.  Hesrr  K:» 
October   6l    1724— Ca;«.  Jcsfcn   HcKfer.   Cipc   Hciry   Koopcr,   E-i»ard 


HecTT  Hooper.  Cape  Jcfc  Ryder,  Jctn  Kirte. 
Edward  Pritcfaetx. 

1726— Capt.  Hcnrr  Hocper,  Cape  Jcfax  Ryaer.  Iota  Kirkc.  Ecward 
Prhchett. 

1727— Cape  Hcnrr  Hooper.  Cape  Jrfm  Rrdcr,  Jcfa  Kirfce.  Eimani 
Pritcfaett. 

1726— CoL  WnHam  Ennans.  Jofea  Khkc.  P«er  Tavjw,  Jcfcs  BraracKi. 

Jnljr  10^  iTasH-Jofan  BrasxKxk.  Jokn  Kiike.  Williaa  Fjra".v  Pens- 
Taylor. 

1730— John  Branaock.  Peter  Taykw,  WTIiam  EzxsaZs. 

1731 — John  Branaock.  Peier  Tayjor,  John  Kirke.  X^'iTiam  Fma^s. 

1732 — Cape    Hemy    Hooper.    Thomas    WooCtord,    Peter    TayVce.    Jota 


March  2a,  1733 — CoL  Hemy  Hooper.  Henry  Tirppe,  James  Browa. 

1734 — CoL    Henry   Hooper,   Henry    Trippe.   Tbosnas   Br 
WooUbrd. 

March  19.  1735 — CoL  Henry  Hocper.  Henry  Trippe.  Tbccsa*  Br? 
Thomas  Wodford. 

April  aoL  1736— CoL  Henry  Hocper.  Henry  Triple.  Ja=jes  Brrm-=. 

1737 — ^James  Browne.  Henry  Hooper.  Captain  Worlfrc^d. 

May  3.  1738— Henry  Trippc,  C6L  Henry  Helper.  J:^tr  Bra=»:iL  B*r- 
tholofiiew  Ennalls. 

May  I.  1739— Jobs  Brannock,  CoL  Henry  Hcs^per.  Henry  Trippe.  3ar- 
tholofiiew  Eonalls. 

April   ^3,   1740    <  first   session 'i — Henry   HcK>?er.   Banbrl^nxw    F — -^'X 
John  Brannock.  Henry  Trippe  (two  sessions*. 

May  a6,  1741 — CoL  Henry  Hooper.  Banho'.ocaew  EnsaT-Sv  Kenry  Tr:;^^ 
Jacob  HindmaxL 

September  21.  1742 — Bartholomew   Ennalls,  Jacob   Hindnun,   F>.r.e=r»xi 
LeCompte.  Ma;.  Henry  Trippe. 

1743 — Xo  record. 

1744 — Cape  Bartholomew  Ennalls.  Jacob  Hindrr.an,  Henrr  Trr^*-^,  P^.ije- 
mon  LeCompte. 

1745 — CoL     Henry    H>:per.    Bartholomew     Er.nal!?^     I>an-e'     Sn"'Tx:>e. 
Phfl.   LeCompte 

1746— CoL    Hcnrj-     Hc-c?er.    BanholcTnc^v     Ennalls,     Fh:'_    LeC.^Tnpre- 


412  APPENDIX 

1747— Daniel  Sulivane,  Phil.  LeCompte,  Henry  Hooper,  Bartholomew 
Ennalls. 

1748— Col.  Henry  Hooper,  Barth.  Ennalls,  Philemon  LeCompte,  Daniel 
Sulivane. 

1749 — Col.  Henry  Hooper,  Philemon  LeCompte,  CapL  Henry  Travers, 
Dan.  Sulivane  (two  sessions). 

1750 — Dan.  Sulivane,  Henry  Hooper,  Mathew  Travers,  Philemon  Le- 
Compte. 

1 75 1 — Dan.  Sulivane,  Henry  Hooper,  Philemon  LeCompte,  Mathew 
Travers  (first  session). 

1751— Col.  Henry  Hooper,  Charles  Goldsborough,  Ennalls  Hooper,  Daniel 
Sulivane  (second  session). 

1752 — Henry  Hooper,  Chas.  Goldsborough,  Dan.  Sulivane. 

1753 — Col.  Henry  Hooper,  Charles  Goldsborough.  (Writs  were  issued 
for  an  election.  Hooper  Ennalls  had  left  the  province,  and  Daniel  Suli- 
vane had  accepted  Sheriffs  office.) 

1754 — Col.  Henry  Hooper,  Henry  Travers,  Joseph  Ck)x  Gray,  Chas. 
(joldsborough. 

June  23,  1755 — ^Joseph  Cox  Gray,  Henry  Travers,  Chas.  Goldsborough, 
Hicks. 

1756— Jos.  Cox  Gray,  Chas.  Goldsborough,  Henry  Travers  (two  ses- 
sions).   Henry  Hooper  (absent,  sick). 

1757 — April  13 — Henry  Hooper  (session  held  at  Baltimore  town,  in  Bal- 
timore County.  Col.  Henry  Hooper  was  chosen  speaker  pro  tem),  Jos. 
Cox.  Gray,  Henry  Traverse. 

1758— Daniel    Sulivane,    Henry    Travers,    Chas.    Goldsborough,    CoL 
Henry  Hooper. 

1759 — The  same  members. 

1760 — ^The  same  members. 

1761— The  same  members. 

1762 — Col.  Henry  Hooper,  Charles  Goldsborough,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Jos. 
(Tox  Gray. 

October  4,  1763 — Jos.  Cox  Gray,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Henry  Steele.  (Chas. 
(joldborough,  having  been  called  to  the  Upper  House,  Henry  Steele  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.) 

1764 — No  record. 

September  23,  1765,  and  November,  1765 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Robert  Golds- 
borough, third,  Philemon  LeO>mpte,  Henry  Travers  (two  sessions). 

May  9,  1766 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Philemon  LeCompte,  Robert  Golds- 
borough, third,  John  Henry. 

1767 — No  record. 

May  24,  1768 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Henry  Hooper,  Philemon  LeCompte, 
Henry  Steele. 

November,  1769 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Henry  Hooper,  Henry  Steele.     (Rob- 


APPENDIX  413 

ert  Eden  appointed  Governor.  Writs  of  election  issued  for  an  election  to 
elect  a  Delegate  in  the  place  of  Philemon  LeCompte,  deceased.) 

September  25,  1770— Henry  Hooper,  Henry  Steele,  Edward  Noel  (first 
session). 

November  5,  1770 — The  same  Delegates  (second  session). 

October  2,  1771 — William  Richardson,  William  Ennalls,  Joseph  Rich- 
ardson. 

1772 — No  record. 

June  15,  1773 — William  Richardson,  William  Ennalls,  John  E-nnalls. 

March  23,  1774 — ^John  Ennalls,  William  Richardson.  (Entered  the 
House  April  5.    The  last  session  of  the  Assembly  under  the  Proprietary.) 

MARYLAND   CONVENTIONS. 

BEGINNING    OF   THE    REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD-DOR- 
CHESTER  COUNTY   DEPUTIES  AND   DELEGATES. 

June  22,  1774 — Deputies,  First  Convention — Robert  Goldsborough,  Wil- 
liam Ennalls,  Henry  Steele,  John  Ennalls,  Robert  Harrison,  Col.  Henry 
Hooper,  Mathew  Brown. 

November,  1774 — Delegates  not  named. 

December  8,  1774 — ^Delegates  not  named. 

ASSOCIATION   OF   THE   FREEMEN   OF    MARYLAND. 

July  26,  1775 — Robert  Goldsborough,  Henry  Hooper,  James  Murray, 
TVomas  Ennalls,  Robert  Harrison. 

December  7,  1775 — ^John  Ennalls,  James  Murray,  Henry  Hooper,  Wil- 
liam Ennalls. 

May  8,  1776 — Robert  Goldsborough,  Henry  Hooper,  James  Murray, 
John  Ennalls. 

June  21,  1776 — Robert  Goldsborough,  Henry  Hooper,  James  Murray, 
Wm.  Ennalls. 

August  14,  1776 — New  Convention  met. — Robert  Goldsborough,  John 
Murray,  James  Ennalls,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Jun.  (First  session  adjourned 
September  17;  met  again  October  2.) 

FIRST  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 
DELEGATES    FROM    DORCHESTER    COUNTY. 

February,  1777 — William  Ennalls,  John  Henry,  Jr.,  James  Murray,  Henry 
Steel. 

June,  1777 — John  Henry,  Jr.,  James  Murray. 

October,  1777 — ^John  Smoot,  John  Henry,  Jr.,  James  Murray,  Joseph 
Daffin. 


4^4  APPENDIX 

March,  1778 — James  Murray,  John  Smoot. 

June,  1778 — ^Joseph  Daffin,  Robert  Goldsborough,  James  Murray,  John 
Smoot 

October,  1778 — ^John  Smoot,  John  Henry,  Jr.,  Thomas  Firman  Eccleston, 
James  Wool  ford. 

March,  1779 — Thos.  F.  Eccleston,  Robert  Goldsborough. 

July,  1779— Thos.  F.  Eccleston,  Robert  Goldsborough,  John  Smoot. 

November,  1779 — ^John  Henry,  Jr.,  Samuel  McGee,  John  Smoot,  Thomas 
Eccleston. 

March,  1780— The  same.    At  this  session  McGce  resigned. 

June,  1780— Thos.  F.  Eccleston. 

October,  1780— Daniel  Sulivane,  Thos.  Firman  Ecclestoa  (Eccleston 
resigned  October  31st.) 

November,  1781 — ^Thos.  Eccleston,  Levin  Kirkman,  John  Smoot,  James 
Shaw. 

November  11,  1782 — ^James  Shaw,  Levin  Kirkman,  Robertson  Stevens, 
John  Smoot. 

May  6,  1783 — ^James  Shaw,  Levin  Kirkman. 

November  11,  1783  (first  session) — ^James  Shaw,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Levin 
Kirkman,  Thomas  F.  Eccleston. 

November  15,  1784  (first  session) — ^James  Steele,  Gustavus  Scott,  James 
Shaw,  Thos.  Firman  Eccleston. 

November  14,  1785 — Levin  Kirkman,  Henry  Waggaman,  Henry  Ennalls, 
Wm.  Ennalls  Hooper. 

1786 — James  Shaw,  Wm.  Ennalls  Hooper,  Archibald  Pattison,  James 
Steele. 

April  18,  1787 — ^Archibald  Pattison,  Wm.  Ennalls  Hooper,  James  Steele, 
James  Shaw  (first  session). 

November  14,  1787 — Archibald  Pattison,  Moses  LeCompte,  James  Shaw, 
James  Steele  (second  session). 

May  14,  1788 — Moses  LeCompte,  James  Steele,  James  Shaw  (first  ses- 
sion; Steele  resigned). 

November  4,  1788 — Moses  LeCompte,  Wm.  Vans  Murray,  James  Steele, 
James  Shaw  (second  session). 

178^— Moses  LeCompte,  James  Steele,  Wm.  Vans  Murray,  James  Shaw. 

November  4,  1790 — Wm.  Vans  Murray,  Moses  LeCompte,  Wm.  CM>lds- 
borough,  James  Steele. 

1 791 — Wm.  (joldsborough,  Moses  LeCompte,  Solomon  Frazier,  John 
Eccleston. 

1792 — The  same.  (Moses  LeCompte,  who  was  elected  a  Delegate,  was 
one  of  the  County  Justices,  therefore  ineligible  to  a  seat  in  the  House.) 

1793 — Solomon  Frazier,  Joseph  Daffin,  Peter  Gordon,  Henry  Waggaman. 

1794 — Sol.  Frazier,  Wm.  B.  Martin,  Peter  (jordon,  John  Craig. 

1795 — Sol.  Frazier,  John  Craig,  James  Steele,  Wm.  Murray  Robertson. 


APPENDIX  415 

November  9*  J796^Sol.  Frazier,  Levin  H.  Campbell,  Richard  Golds- 
borough,  Richard  Pattison. 

November  8,  1797 — Sol.  Frazier,  Richard  Pattison,  Chas.  Goldsborough, 
John  Craig.  (On  joint  ballot,  Hon.  John  Henry  was  unanimously  elected 
Governor,  November  13.) 

1798 — ^Richard  Pattison,  Solomon  Frazier,  Isaac  Steele,  Mathew  Kecne. 

November  5,  1799— Sol.  Frazier,  Rich.  Pattison,  Rich.  Goldsborough 
Mathew  Keene. 

1800— Sol.  Frazier,  Isaac  Steele,  Rich.  Goldsborough. 

1801 — John  McKeel  Anderson,  Isaac  Steele,  Mathew  Keene,  Chas.  Golds- 
borough. 

November  4,  1802 — Sol.  Frazier,  Isaac  Steele,  Chas.  Goldsborough, 
Mathew  Keene.  (At  this  session  James  Murray  was  a  candidate  before 
the  Assembly  for  Governor. 

1803 — Sol.  Frazier,  Chas.  (Goldsborough,  Mathew  Keene,  Josiah  Bayly. 

November  6,  1804 — Solomon  Frazier,  Joseph  Ennalls,  John  Eccleston, 
Josiah  Bayly. 

November  S,  1805 — Solomon  Frazier,  Joseph  Ennalls,  George  Ward, 
John  Smoot. 

November  4,  1806— John  Smoot,  George  Ward,  Robert  Dennis,  Solomon 
Frazier. 

November  3,  1807 — Robert  Dennis,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Solomon  Frazier, 
Hugh  Henry. 

November  8,  1808— Solomon  Frazier,  Robert  Dennis,  Edward  Griffith, 
Joseph  Ennalls. 

June  5,  1809— Joseph  Ennalls,  Solomon  Frazier,  Robert  Dennis,  Edward 
Griffith.     (First  session.     Special  session  convened.) 

November,  1809  (second  session) — Benjamin  W.  LeCompte,  Edward 
Griffith,  Solomon  Frazier,  Michael  Lucas. 

November  6,  1810— Wm.  W.  Eccleston,  Solomon  Frazier,  John  Stewart, 
Frederick  Bennett 

November  4,  181 1— John  Smoot,  Edward  Griffith,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Fred- 
erick Bennett. 

June  15,  1812 — Edward  Griffith.     (Elxtra  session.) 

November  2,  1812 — ^John  Stewart,  Benjamin  LeCompte,  Richard  Tootle, 
Edward   Griffith. 

December  6,  1813 — ^John  Stewart,  Edward  Griffith,  Richard  Tootle,  Ben- 
jamin W.  LeCompte. 

December  5,  1814— John  Stewart,  Richard  Tootle,  Benjamin  W.  Le- 
Compte, Edward  Griffith. 

December  4,  1815— Robert  Hart,  Edward  Griffith,  Benjamin  W.  Le- 
Compte.    (Sol.  Frazier  sick.) 

December  2,  1816— Thomas  Pitt,  Benjamin  W.  LeCompte,  Robert  Hart, 
Edward  Griffith. 


4l6  APPENDIX 

December  2,  1817 — Thomas  Pitt,  Benjamin  W.  LeCompte,  Henry  Keene, 
Edward  Griffith. 

December  7,  1818 — Wm.  W.  Eccleston,  Benj.  W.  LeCompte,  Solomon 
Frazier,  Levin  Lake. 

December  7,  18 19 — Michael  Lucas,  Edward  Griffith,  Dr.  William  Jack- 
son, Benj.  W.  LeCompte. 

December  4,  1820 — William  W.  Eccleston,  Levin  Lake  (?),  Solomon 
Frazier.  (Levin  Lake  and  Benj.  LeCompte,  having  each  received  the 
same  number  of  votes,  there  was  no  election  of  either.) 

December  3,  1821 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Edward  Griffith,  Matthias  Travers, 
Solomon  Frazier. 

.December  2,    1822 — John    N.    Steele,   Bartholomew   Byus,   John  Willis, 
Roger  Hooper. 

December  i,  1823 — John  R.  W.  Pitt,  John  Willis,  William  Hutson,  John 
N.   Steele. 

December  6,  1824 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Thos.  J.  H.  Eccleston,  Matthias 
Travers,  John  N.  Steele. 

October  3,  1825 — Joseph  Ennalls,  John  Brohawn,  John  Douglass,  Thos. 
I.   H.    Eccleston. 

October  2,  1826 — John  R.  Pitt,  Brice  J.  Goldsborough,  Martin  L  Wright, 
Samuel  Rawley. 

October  i,  1827 — J.  F.  Williams,  George  Lake,  Brice  J.  Goldsborough, 
"Administration ;"  John   Douglass,   "Jackson." 

December  29,  1828 — Francis  K  Phelps,  Matthew  Hardcastle,  Thos.  J. 
W.  Eccleston,  Martin  Wright. 

December  28,  1829 — Thos.  H.  Hicks,  John  N.  Steele,  Matthew  Hard- 
castle, Brice  J.  Goldsborough. 

December  27,  1830 — ^Thos.  H.  Hicks,  Benjamin  G.  Keene,  John  N.  Steele, 
Martin  L  Wright. 

December  26,  183 1 — John  Travers,  Martin  L.  Wright,  William  A.  Lake, 
Joseph  Nicols. 

December  31,  1832 — ^Joseph  Nicols,  Martin  L.  Wright,  John  Travers, 
Levin  Richardson. 

December  30,  1833 — Robert  Griffith,  Henry  L.  McNamara,  Martin  L. 
Wright,  Joseph  Nicols. 

December  29,  1834 — ^Joseph  Nicols,  William  J.  Ford,  Levin  Richardson, 
Samuel  B.  Creighton. 

December  28,  1835 — Joseph  K  Travers,  William  J.  Ford,  Josiah  Bayly, 
Jr.     (John  Travers  deceased.) 

December  26,  1836 — Benjamin  G.  Keene,  Thos.  J.  H.  Eccleston,  William 
Frazier,  Thos.  H.   Hicks. 

December  25,  1837 — William  Frazier,  John  F.  Eccleston,  Nicholas  Golds- 
borough, Reuben  Tall. 

December  31,  1838 — Henry  Page,  Henry  h,  McNamara,  Joseph  Nicols, 
Whitefield  Woolford. 


APPENDIX  417 

December  30,  1839— William  Frazier,  Reuben  Tall,  Francis  P.  Phelps, 
Jacob  Wilson, 

December  2S,  1840— Kendall  M.  Jacobs,  John  R.  Keene,  William  Frazier, 
Reuben  Tall. 

December  27,  1841— Joseph  R.  Eccleston,  Dr.  Joseph  Nichols,  William 
K  Travers,  Levin  Richardson. 

December  26,   1842— Francis  P.  Phelps,  William  K.  Travers,  Wm.  B. 
LeCompte,  Nathaniel  E.  Green. 

December  25,  1843— James  A.  Stewart,  John  W.  Dail,  Francis  P.  Phelps. 
(Nicols  deceased). 

December  30,  1844— Joseph  E.  Muse,  William  Frazier,  John  R.  Keene, 
Reuben  Tall. 

December  29,  1845— John  F.  Eccleston,  John  F.  Boone,  William  Frazier, 
James  Smith. 

December  28,  1846— Jacob  Wilson,  Daniel  M.  Henry,  Benjamin  Travers, 
William  Frazier. 

December  27,   1847 — Benjamin  G.   Keene,  James   B.  Chaplain,   Reuben 
Tall. 

December  31,  1849 — ^Jacob  Wilson,  Daniel  M.  Henry,  William  W.  Mace, 
Washington  A.  Smith. 

January  7,  1852 — William  Frazier,  Reuben  Tall,  Thos.  J.  Dail. 

January  5,  1853 — William  Frazier,  Reuben  Tall,  Thos.  J.  DaiL 

January  4,  1854 — ^James  Wallace,  J.  R.  Donoho,  Kendall  M.  Jacobs. 

January  2,  1856— John  W.  Dail,  William  Frazier,  Algernon  Thomas. 

January  6,  1858— John  W.  Dail,  Levin  Richardson,  Horatio  H.  Graves. 

January  4,  i860— L.  W.  Linthicum,  John  R.  Keene,  William  Holland. 

December  3,  1861-1862— Dr.  Francis  P.  Phelps,  Sr.,  Dr.  Thomas  King 
Carroll,  John  Q.  Leckie.     (Special  session.) 

January  6,  1864— David  O.  P.  Elliott,  William  Frazier,  John  Brohawn. 

January  4,  1865 — ^John  H.  Hodson,  Washington  A.  Smith. 

January  10,  1866 — William  Frazier,  John  H.  Hodson,  Washington  A. 
Smith. 

1867 — Francis  P.  Phelps,  Sr.,  Edward  Leeds  Kerr,  Linthicum  (?). 

January  i,  1868 — Algernon  S.  Percy,  Wm.  E.  Stewart,  Alward  Johnson. 

January  5,  1870 — Benjamin  H.  Harrington,  Samuel  W.  Wool  ford,  George 
J.   Meekins. 

January  3,  1872 — Washington  A.  Smith,  William  F.  Vickers,  John  A.  L. 
RadclifPe. 

January  7,  1874 — ^J.  J.  M.  Gordy,  Oliver  P.  Johnson,  Eugene  Hodson. 

1876— Edmund  G.  Waters,  Washington  A.  Smith,  William  J.  Lambdin. 

1878— Samuel  M.  Travers,  d. ;  Joseph  H.  Johnson,  d.;  Isaac  tL  Hous- 
ton, d. 
27 


4l8  APPENDIX 

1880— Benjamin  L.  Smith,  M.D.,  d. ;  Wm.  J.  Lambdin,  Francis  A. 
Newton. 

1882 — William  S.  Sherman,  d. ;  Joseph  H.  Johnson,  d. ;  William  T. 
Staplefort,  d. 

1884 — ^Dr.  Isaac  H.  Houston,  d. ;  James  Wallace,  Jr.,  rep.;  Joseph  T. 
Davis,  rep. 

i886^Benjamin  L.  Smith,  M.D.,  James  M.  Robertson,  Francis  H.  Vin- 
cent. 

1888— Zora  H.  Brinsfield,  D.  W.  Newberry,  S.  Lynn  Percy. 

iSpo—William  T.  Stapleforte,  d;  William  S.  Craft,  d.;  Edwin  T. 
Mace,  d. 

1892 — Benj.  L.  Smith,  d, ;  Alonzo  L.  Miles,  d. ;  Jos.  B.  Meredith,  f. 

1894 — Francis  P.  Phelps,  Wm.  F.  Applegarth,  Levi  D.  Travers. 

1896— Chas.  M.  M.  Wingate,  Wm.  D.  Hopkins,  W.  Spry  Bradley. 

1898 — Alonzo  L.  Miles,  Chas.  W.  Hackett,  Benjamin  J.  Linthicum. 

1900— Benjamin  J.  Linthicum,  Francis  P.  Corkran,  Joseph  B.  Andrews. 
(Joseph  B.  Andrews  unseated  by  contest  made  by  Jno.  R.  Pattison  before 
the  House;  Pattison  seated) 

1901 — Benjamin  J.  Linthicum,  Francis  P.  Corkran,  Jno.  R.  Pattison. 
(Extra  session  called.) 

1902 — Benjamin  J.  Linthicum,  Tilghman  R.  Hackett,  Jas.  S.  Shepherd, 
John  A.  Baker.     (Increased  representation  under  census  of  1900.) 

LIST   OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY  OFFICE-HOLDERS 

FROM  1669  TO  19QIV 

COMMISSIONERS  OR  JUSTICES. 

1669— Raymond  Stapleford,  John  Pollard,  William  Stevens,  of  Little 
Choptank;  Stephen  Gary,  Henry  Trippe,  Anthony  LeCompte,  William 
Stevens,  Henry  Hooper. 

1671-74 — ^William  Wroughton,  Thomas  Pattison,  Thomas  Skinner, 
Daniel  Clark,  Robert  Winsmore. 

June  4,  1674 — ^Daniel  Qark,  Robert  Williams,  William  Stevens,  John 
Hudson,  Henry  Trippe,  Stephen  Gary,  gentlemen  of  the  Quorum;  Bar- 
tholomew Ennalls,  Henry  Hooper,  William  Ford,  Thomas  Skinner,  Charles 
Hutchins,  Gtnt  Justices. 

March,  1675-76 — Robert  Winsmore.  William  Stevens,  John  Hudson, 
Quorum;  Henry  Trippe,  Stephen  Gary,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Henry 
Hooper,  William  Ford,  Thomas  Skinner,  Charles  Hutchins,  Justices. 

August,    i676--Robert  Winsmore,   William   Stevens,   Ra3rmond   Staple- 


^  This  lilt  u  M  complete  at  it  is  poMible  to  make  it.  and  is  made  up  of  those  appointed 
or  elected. 


APPENDIX  419 

ford,  Henry  Trippc,  Quorum ;  John  Brooks,  Stephen  Gray,  Charles  Hutch- 
ins,  Henry  Hooper,  Henry  Bradley,  John  Pollard,  John  Offey,  Justices. 

June  7,  1679— William  Stevens,  Raymond  Stapleford,  Capt.  Thos.  Tailor, 
John  Brooks,  William  Dorrington,  Quorum;  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  John 
Pollard,  Qiarles  Hutchins,  Henry  Hooper,  John  Alford,  Gent.  Justices. 

1680— William  Stevens,  John  Brooks,  Maj.  Thos.  Taylor,  William  Dor- 
rington, Quorum;  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Charles  Hutchins,  John  Alford, 
Henry  Hooper,  Gent  Justices. 

1681 — Capt.  Henry  Trippe,  William  Stevens,  Maj.  Thos.  Taylor,  John 
Brooks,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Charles  Hutchins,  John  Alford,  Henry 
Hooper,  John  Pollard,  William  Travers,  Gent  Justices. 

1683 — Henry  Trippe,  Edward  Pinder,  John  Brooks,  Bartholomew 
Ennalls,  Vincent  Lowe,  Gent.  Justices. 

1684— John  Brooks,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Thomas  Taylor,  Henry 
Trippe,  Charles  Hutchins,  Gent  Justices. 

1685 — Henry  Trippe,  Edward  Pinder,  Thomas  Taylor,  Jacob  Locker- 
man,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Gent  Justices. 

1686 — John  Hodson,  Thomas  Taylor,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Gent.  Justices. 

1687 — Henry  Trippe,  John  Hodson,  Jacob  Lockerman,  John  Woodward, 
Thomas  Taylor,  John  Brooks,  Henry  Hooper,  Gent  Justices. 

1688 — 'iTiomas  Taylor,  John  Hodson,  Henry  Trippe,  John  Brooks,  John 
Woodward,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Gent  Justices. 

1689 — Henry  Trippe,  Charles  Hutchins,  Henry  Hooper,  John  Woodward, 
John  Brooks,  Gent.  Justices. 

1690 — ^John  Brooks,  Charles  Hutchins,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Henry  Trippc, 
Gent  Justices. 

1691 — ^John  Brooks,  Charles  Hutchins,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Henry  Trippe, 
Edward  Pinder,  Gent  Justices. 

1692 — Henry  Hooper,  John  Hodson,  Capt.  John  Makeele,  Capt  Thomas 
Ennalls,  Thomas  Hicks,  Edward  White,  William  Mishew,  Gent.  Justices. 

1693 — Richard  Owen,  Walter  Campbell,  Thomas  Ennalls,  Gent  Justices. 

1694 — Richard  Owen,  William  Mishew,  Thomas  Ennalls,  John  Makeele, 
Gent  Justices. 

1695 — ^William  Mishew,  John  Makeele,  Thomas  Ennalls,  Thomas  Hicks, 
Gent.  Justices. 

1696 — Thomas  Hicks,  William  Mishew,  Richard  Owen,  Roger  Wool- 
ford,  Thomas  Taylor,  Gent.  Justices. 

1697 — ^Thomas  Elnnalls,  Richard  Owen,  William  Mishew,  Gent  Justices. 

1698 — Thomas  Ennalls,  William  Mishew,  Richard  Owen,  Henry  Hooper, 
Gent.  Justices. 

1699— Thomas  Ennalls,  Henry  Ennalls,  William  Mishew,  Gent.  Justices. 

i70O^Thomas  Ennalls,  Gent  Justice. 

1701 — William  Campbell,  William  Mishew,  John  Taylor,  Roger  Wool- 
ford,  Gent  Justices. 


4^  APPENDIX 

iToa — ^John  Taylor,  Richard  Owen,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Roger  Wool  ford, 
John  Taylor,  William  Campbell,  Henry  Elnnalls,  Gent  Jutsices. 

1703 — ^Jacob  Lockerman,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Henry  Ennalls,  John  Taylor, 
Gent.  Justices. 

1704 — John  Lockerman,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Walter  Campbell,  John  Taylor, 
John  Keene,  Henry  Ennalls,  Gent.  Justices. 

1705 — Walter  Campbell,  Henry  Ennalls,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Joseph 
Ennalls,  John  Taylor,  Gent.  Justices. 

1706 — ^Joseph  Ennalls,  Tobias  Pollard,  Francis  Hay  ward,  Richard  Owen, 
Henry  Ennalls,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Thomas  Ennalls,  Thomas  Hicks,  Gent. 
Justices. 

1707 — ^Jacob  Lockerman,  Tobias  Pollard,  Gent.  Justices. 

1708 — Henry  Ennalls,  John  Ryder,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Gent  Justices. 

1709— Tobias  Pollard,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Henry  Ennalls,  John  Ryder, 
John  Keene,  Levin  Hicks,  James  Cannon,  Lockerman,  Jr.,  Gent.  Justices. 

1 7 10 — Henry  Ennalls,  John  Keene,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Levin  Hicks,  Gent 
Justices. 

171 1 — Henry  Ennalls,  John  Keene,  Levin  Hicks,  Gent  Justices. 

1 71 2 — Henry  Ennalls,  Levin  Hicks,  Jacob  Lockerman,  John  Keene, 
Walter  Campbell,  Gent  Justices. 

1713 — Henry  Ennalls,  Levin  Hicks,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Charles  Nutter, 
Gent  Justices. 

1714 — Levin  Hicks,  John  Ryder,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Henry  Ennalls,  John 
Keene,  John  Ryder,  Gent.  Justices. 

1 71 5 — John  Keene,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Henry  Ennalls,  Henry  Trippc, 
Levin  Hicks,  Charles  Nutter,  Gent  Justices. 

1 7 16 — Jacob  Lockerman,  Henry  Ennalls,  Levin  Hicks,  John  Ryder, 
Roger  Wool  ford,  Gent.  Justices. 

171 7 — Henry  Ennalls,  Henry  Trippe,  Jacob  Lockerman,  John  Keene, 
Roger  Wool  ford.  Levin  Hicks,  G^nt  Justices. 

1718— Levin  Hicks,  Charles  Nutter,  John  Ryder,  Henry  Ennalls,  Robert 
Harrison,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Roger  Woolford,  Henry  Trippc,  Gent.  Jus- 
tices. 

1 71 9 — ^John  Ryder,  Levin  Hicks,  John  Keene,  Walter  Campbell,  Henry 
Trippe,  Henry  Ennalls,  Charles  Nutter,  Gent.  Justices. 

1720 — Henry  Ennalls,  John  Ryder,  Peter  Taylor,  John  Robson,  Jus- 
tices of  the  Peace. 

1 721 — Henry  Ennalls,  John  Robson,  Henry  Trippe,  Peter  Taylor,  Justices 
of  the  Peace;  Charles  Nutter,  Roger  Woolford,  Justices  of  the  Court; 
John  Keene,  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  Jacob  Lockerman,  Justice  of  the  Court 

1722 — John  Robson,  John  Keene. 

1723— Jacob  Lockerman,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  Maj.  Henry  Ennalls, 
Justice  of  the  Court;  Roger  Woolford,  Justice  of  the  Provincial  Court; 
Peter  Taylor,  Thomas  Taylor,  Charles  Nutter,  John  Robson,  Justices  of  the 
Peace. 


APPENDIX  421 

1724 — ^Jacob  Lockertnan,  Justice  of  the  Court;  Thomas  Taylor,  Peter 
Taylor,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  Henry  Ennalls,  Justice  of  the  Court ;  John 
Robson,  Thomas  Woolford,  Tobias  Pollard,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

1725 — Walter  Campbell,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  Henry  Ennalls,  Justice  of 
the  Peace  and  Justice  of  the  Court ;  Tobias  Pollard,  John  Robson,  Thomas 
Woolford,  Thomas  Taylor,  Jacob  Lockerman,  Justices  of  the  Peace;  John 
Ryder,  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Justice  of  the  Court. 

1726 — Maj.  Henry  Ennalls,  John  Ryder,  Charles  Nutter,  Walter  Camp- 
bell, Quorum;  Thomas  Taylor,  Tobias  Pollard,  Thomas  Woolford,  Peter 
Taylor,  John  Robson,  Thomas  Woolford,  Anthony  Rawlings,  Justices. 

1727 — Henry  Ennalls,  Charles  Nutter,  Tobias  Pollard,  Thomas  Woolford, 
John  Ryder,  Walter  Campbell,  Peter  Taylor,  Thomas  Taylor,  Anthony 
Rawlings,  Justices. 

1728 — Maj.  Henry  Ennalls,  John  Ryder,  Walter  Campbell,  Capt.  Charles 
Nutter,  Capt.  Thomas  Taylor,  Tobias  Pollard,  Capt.  Thomas  Woolford, 
Anthony  Rawlings,  Justices. 

1729 — Maj.  Henry  Ennalls,  Col.  John  Ryder,  Charles  Nutter,  Capt 
Tobias  Pollard,  Capt.  Thomas  Woolford,  Anthony  Rawlings,  Walter  Camp- 
bell, Peter  Taylor,  John  Hudson,  2d,  John  LeCompte,  Justices. 

1730— Thomas  Hicks,  Henry  Ennalls,  John  Hodson,  Justices. 

1731 — Maj.  Henry  Ennalls,  Col.  John  Ryder,  Charles  Nutter,  Capt. 
Tobias  Pollard,  Capt  Thomas  Woolford,  Anthony  Rawlings,  Walter  Camp- 
bell, Peter  Taylor,  John  Hudson,  2d,  John  LeCompte,  Justices. 

1732 — Henry  Ennalls,  Thomas  Nevett,  Thomas  Woolford,  John  White, 
Peter  Taylor,  Walter  Campbell,  Tobias  Pollard,  Charles  Nutter,  Thomas 
Hicks,  Justices. 

1733 — Henry  Hooper,  John  Hodson,  Thomas  Nevet,  Walter  Campbell, 
Thomas  Woolford,  John  White,  Peter  Taylor,  Justices;  (Francis  O'Con- 
nor), Receiver  Bailiff  and  Collector  of  quit  rents  due. 

1734 — Henry  Hooper,  Walter  Campbell,  Thomas  Woolford,  John  White, 
Thomas  Nevet,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Thomas  Hicks,  William  Murray, 
Joseph  Ennalls,  John  Eccleston,  Justices. 

1735 — Thomas  Hicks,  Adam  Muir,  Henry  Travers,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Basil 
Noell,  Samuel  Fountain,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  William  Murray,  Thomas 
Nevit,  John  Eccleston,  Francis  Mooney,  Henry  Trippe,  Ben j amine  Keene, 
John  Hooper,  Justices. 

1736— John  Hooper,  Samuel  Fountain,  Benj.  Keene,  Isaac  Nicolls,  Henry 
Trippe,  Thomas  Nevett,  Justices. 

1737 — ^William  Murray,  Henry  Trippe,  John  Eccleston,  Thomas  Hicks, 
Joseph  Ennalls,  Basil  Noel,  Henry  Hooper,  Benj.  Keene,  Thomas  Nevett, 
Henry  Travers,  John  Jones,  Charles  Dickinson,  Bartholomew  Ennalls, 
Justices. 

1738 — Henry  Travers,  Benj.  Keene,  William  Murray,  Henry  Trippe, 
Thomas  Nevett,  Basil  Noel,  Justices. 

1739 — Henry  Travers,  John  Jones,  William  Qarkson,  Thomas  Nevett, 


422  APPENDIX 

William   Murray,   John   Eccleston,   Bartholomew   E^nalls,    Benj.    Kecnc, 
Justices. 

1740 — Thomas  Nevett,  William  Murray,  Basil  Nocll,  Bartholomew 
Ennalls,  Thomas  Hicks,  Edward  Trippe,  Henry  Hooper,  Benj.  Keene, 
Tohn  Jones,  Justices. 

1 741 — ^John  Eccleston,  Thomas  Nevett,  William  Murray,  Thomas  Hicks, 
Joseph  Ennalls,  Charles  Dickinson,  Justices. 

1742 — ^Thomas  Nevett,  William  Murray,  Henry  Travers,  John  Jones, 
Edward  Trippe,  Benj.  Keene,  Basil  Noell,  John  Eccleston,  Justices;  Adam 
Muir,  Justice  of  Provincial  G>urt 

1743 — Benj.  Keene,  Charles  Dickinson,  Thomas  Nevett,  William  Murray, 
Henry  Travers,  James  Billings,  Justices. 

May  30,  1744 — Thomas  Nevett,  William  Murray,  Joseph  Elnnalls,  Adam 
Muir,  John  Eccleston,  Henry  Travers,  Quorum;  Benj.  Keene,  Basil  Noel, 
John  Jones,  Charles  Dickinson,  James  Billings,  Thomas  Foster,  Thomas 
Mackeele,  Ezekiel  Keene,  Henry  Hooper,  W.  Thomas,  Justices. 

1745 — ^Thomas  Nevett,  William  Murray,  Basil  Noell,  Thomas  Foster, 
Justices. 

1746— Charles  Dickinson,  Benj.  Keene,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  William 
Murray,  Thomas  Foster,  Henry  Travers,  Joseph  Ennalls,  Justices. 

1747 — William  Murray,  John  Eccleston,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  John 
Ennalls,  John  Jones,  Thomas  Nevett,  Benj.  Keene,  Henry  Hooper,  Justice 
of  Provincial  Court;  Levin  Hicks. 

1748 — William  Murray,  Bartholomew  Ennalls,  Henry  Travers,  Levin 
Hicks,  Isaac  Nicolls,  Benj.  Keene,  Charles  Dickinson,  John  Eccleston, 
John  Jones,  Thomas  Nevett,  Thomas  Foster,  Justices. 

1749 — Henry  Travers,  Benj.  Keene,  John  Eccleston,  Charles  Dickinson, 
Isaac  Nicolls,  Thomas  Foster,  Levin  Hicks,  William  Murray,  Justices. 

1750 — Levin  Hicks,  Thomas  Mackeele,  William  Murray,  John  Eccleston, 
Joseph  Ennalls,  Thomas  Muir,  Edward  Trippe,  Robert  Polk,  Charles 
Dickinson,  Henry  Travers,  Benj.  Keene,  Thomas  Mackeele,  Justices. 

175 1 — William  Murray,  Thomas  Mackeele,  John  Eccleston,  John  Jones, 
Levin  Hicks,  Edward  Trippe,  John  Capson,  Robert  Polk,  Henry  Hooper, 
Charles  Dickinson,  Justices. 

1752 — John  Jones,  Thomas  Mackeele,  Levin  Hicks,  William  Murray, 
Joseph  Ennalls,  Henry  Hooper,  Daniel  Sulivan,  Thomas  Foster,  William 
Garkson,  Edward  Trippe,  Joseph  Eccleston,  Justices. 

1753 — William  Murray,  Charles  Dickinson,  John  Jones,  Edward  Trippe, 
Henry  Travers,  Benj.  Keene,  Joseph  Eccleston,  Levin  Hicks,  Thomas 
Mackeele,  Thomas  Foster,  Justices. 

1754 — Thomas  Foster,  Charles  Dickinson,  William  Murray,  Henry 
Hooper,  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  Edward  Trippe,  Robert  Polk,  Joseph  Eccles- 
ton, Justices. 

1755 — William  Murray,  John  Capson,  Benj.  Keene,  John  Jones,  Charles 


APPENDIX  423 

Dickinson,  Edward  Trippe,  Robert  Polk,  Henry  Travers,  John  Eccleston, 
John  Ennalls,  Justices.  • 

1756— William  Murray,  Edward  Trippe,  Thomas  Mackeele,  John  Eccles- 
ton, Joseph  Cox  Gray,  Henry  Travers,  Benj.  Keene,  Justices. 

1757— John  Eccleston,  Henry  Travers,  John  Jones,  Joseph  Cox  Gray, 
Robert  Polk,  Edward  Trippe,  Benj.  Keene,  Henry  Hooper,  Charles  Dickin- 
son, Thomas  Mackeele,  Alexander  Frazier,  Daniel  Sulivan,  John  Campbell, 
Justices. 

1758 — ^Joseph  Cox  Gray,  Robert  How,  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  John  Campbell, 
Edward  Trippe,  Daniel  Sulivan,  Benj.  Keene,  Henry  Travers,  Labdiel 
Potter,  Alexander  Frazier,  Justices. 

1759 — Robert  Polk,  Henry  Hooper,  Daniel  Sulivan,  Henry  Steele,  Henry 
Travers,  Benj.  Keene,  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  Robert  How,  John  Jones,  John 
Mackeele,  John  Campbell,  Labdiel  Potter,  Justices. 

1760— Robert  Polk,  Labdiel  Potter,  Benj.  Keene,  Daniel  Sulivan,  Edward 
Trippe,  Henry  Travers,  Henry  Ennalls,  Robert  How,  Joseph  Cox  Gray, 
John  Anderson,  Justices. 

1 761 — Henry  Travers,  Alexander  Frazier,  Edward  Trippe,  Henry  Hicks, 
Joseph  Cox  Gray,  John  Anderson,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Robert  Polk,  Robert 
Howe,  Henry  Hooper,  Henry  Ennalls,  Justices. 

1762 — Robert  Howe,  Joseph  Cox  Gray,  Henry  Travers,  Benj.  Keene, 
John  Anderson,  Edward  Trippe,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Alexander  Frazier, 
Robert  Polk,  Henry  Hooper,  Justices. 

1763 — Henry  Ennalls,  Robert  Howe,  Henry  Hooper,  Daniel  Sulivane, 
Robert  Polk,  Joseph  Cox  Gray,  Alexander  Frazier,  Edward  Trippe,  Henry 
Travers,  John  Anderson,  Justices. 

March  19,  1764 — Henry  Hooper,  Henry  Travers,  Benj.  Keene,  Charles 
Dickinson,  Henry  Trippe,  Quorum;  John  Campbell,  Daniel  Sulivane, 
Robert  Polk,  Joseph  Cox  Gray,  Henry  Hooper,  Jr.,  Alexander  Frazier, 
Henry  Ennalls,  Robert  Howe,  Labdiel  Potter,  Justices;  John  Anderson, 
Justice  (Fishing  Creek)  ;  William  Ennalls,  Thomas  White,  William  Has- 
kins.  Justices. 

1765 — Henry  Hooper,  Thomas  White,  John  Campbell,  Robert  Howe, 
Robert  Polk,  William  Haskins,  Edward  Trippe,  Henry  Travers,  Benj. 
Keene,  John  Anderson,  Henry  Ennalls,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Justices. 

1766— Thomas  White,  John  Campbell,  Daniel  Sulivane,  William  Hask- 
ins, Benj.  Keene,  John  Goldsborough,  William  Ennalls,  Robert  Polk, 
Henry  Ennalls,  Justices. 

1767 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Henry  Ennalls,  William  Elnnalls,  William  Has- 
kins, Edward  Trippe,  Robert  Polk,  Thomas  White,  Benj.  Keene,  John 
Goldsborough,  Justices. 

1768 — William  Ennalls,  William  Haskins,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Thomas 
White,  John  Goldsborough,  Robert  Polk,  Benj.  Keene,  Henry  Ennalls, 
Edward  Trippe,  Justices. 

1769— Danid  Sulivane,  Robert  Polk,  Henry  Ennalls,  William  Ennalls, 


424  APPENDIX 

Edward  Trippe,  William  Raskins,  Thomas  White,  John  Goldsborough, 
Justices. 

1770 — Charles  Dickinson,  John  Goldsborough,  William  Raskins,  William 
Ennalls,  Thomas  White,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Robert  Polk,  James  Footel,  John 
Dickinson,  John  Bennett,  James  Muir,  Justices. 

1 771 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Thomas  White,  Benson  Stanton,  John  Dickinson, 
James  Muir,  William  Ennalls,  John  Goldsborough,  James  Footel,  John 
Bennett,  Charles  Dickinson,  Justices. 

1772 — William  Elnnalls,  John  Goldsborough,  James  Muir,  Daniel  Suli- 
vane, James  Footel,  Charles  Dickinson,  John  Dickinson,  John  Bennett, 
Rugh  Eccleston,  Justices. 

1773 — William  Ennalls,  John  Goldsborough,  John  Dickinson,  Daniel 
Sulivane,  Thomas  White,  John  Bennett,  James  Muir,  Rugh  Eccleston, 
Joseph  Richardson,  Justices. 

1774 — ^William  Ennalls,  John  Dickinson,  Rugh  Eccleston,  Joseph  Richard- 
son, James  Muir,  Daniel  Sulivane,  John  Bennett,  Justices. 

1775 — Daniel  Sulivane,  William  Ennalls,  John  Dickinson,  James  Muir, 
Rugh  Eccleston,  Joseph  Richardson,  Justices. 

1776— William  Ennalls,  John  Dickinson,  Joseph  Richardson,  Justices. 

"^T?! — Robert  Harrison,  Renry  Lake,  Benjamin  Keene,  Thomas  Jones, 
Joseph  Richardson,  John  Smith,  John  Dickinson,  John  Smoot,  Justices. 

1778 — Edward  Noell,  William  Ennalls,  Robert  Rarrison,  James  Murray, 
Joseph  Richardson,  Thomas  Jones,  James  Shaw,  Benjamin  Keene,  William 
Raskins,  Henry  Ennalls,  Justices. 

1779 — ^Joseph  Richardson,  James  Shaw,  William  Ennalls,  Robert  Harri- 
son, John  Dickinson,  Thomas  F.  Eccleston,  Benj.  Keene,  Renry  Lake, 
Thomas  Rill  Airey,  Justices. 

1780 — ^John  Smbot,  Joseph  Richardson,  Thomas  Rill  Airey,  Robert 
Harrison,  John  Dickinson,  William  Ennalls,  Thomas  Jones,  Thomas  F. 
Eccleston,  James  Shaw,  Benj.  Keene,  Renry  Lake,  Edward  Noell,  John 
Smoot,  Justices. 

1781 — Benj.  Keene,  Thomas  Jones,  John  Dickinson,  William  Ennalls, 
Joseph  Richardson,  Robert  Harrison,  Thomas  Eccleston,  Edward  Noell, 
James  Shaw,  John  Smoot,  Thomas  Airey,  Justices. 

1782 — William  Ennalls,  Thomas  Airey,  Joseph  Richardson,  Benj.  Keene, 
Renry  Lake,  John  Dickinson,  Thomas  Eccleston,  James  Shaw,  Justices. 

1783 — ^Thomas  Airey,  John  Smoot,  John  Dickinson,  Joseph  Richardson, 
William  Ennalls,  Thomas  Jones,  Benj.  Keene,  Henry  Lake,  Thomas 
Eccleston,  John  Goldsborough,  Edward  Noell,  James  Shaw,  Henry  Dickin- 
son, Labdiel  Potter,  Robert  Harrison,  Justices. 

1784 — ^John  Dickinson,  Joseph  Richardson,  Benj.  Keene,  Renry  Lake, 
John  Smoot,  James  Shaw,  Thomas  Jones,  Thomas  Airey,  Edward  Noell, 
Thomas  Eccleston,  William  Ennalls,  Justices. 

1785 — ^John  Dickinson,  Joseph  Richardson,  Edward  Noell,  Thomas  Airey, 


APPENDIX  425 

Thomas   Jones,   Benj.   Keene,  James   Shaw,   John   Smoot,   Henry   Lake, 
Justices. 

1786 — Edward  Noell,  Thomas  Jones,  John  Dickinson,  John  Smoot,  Benj. 
Kccnc,  Henry  Lake,  James  Shaw,  Joseph  Baffin,  Robertson  Stevens,  Robert 
Griffith,  Levin  Kirkman,  John  Eccleston,  Justices. 

1787 — ^John  Smoot,  Benj  amine  Keene,  Robertson  Stevens,  John  Eccles- 
ton, Edward  Noell,  Henry  Lake,  Robert  Griffith,  Thomas  Jones,  James 
Shaw,  Levin  Kirkman,  Justices. 

1788 — John  Smoot,  Edward  Noell,  Benj.  Keene,  Henry  Lake,  Levin 
Kirkman,  John  Eccleston,  Thomas  Jones,  Robertson  Stevens,  Robert 
Griffith,  James  Shaw,  Joseph  Baffin,  Justices. 

1789 — Levin  Kirkman,  Thomas  Jones,  Joseph  Daffin,  John  Smoot,  Henry 
Lake,  Robertson  Stevens,  Edward  Noell,  James  Shaw,  Benj.  Keene, 
Thomas  Bourke,  Moses  LeCompte,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Justices. 

1790 — ^John  Smoot,  Henry  Lake  Edward  Noell,  Daniel  Sulivane,  Thomas 
Jones,  Moses  LeCompte,  Solomon  Brickhead,  John  Tootle,  James  Shaw, 
Justices. 

1792 — Henry  Lake,  John  Stevens,  Levin  Woolford,  Justices. 

1794 — Henry  Lake,  John  Keene,  John  Stevens,  Levin  Woolford,  Moses 
LeCompte,  Thomas  Jones,  Richard  Pattison,  Justices. 

1795 — Moses  LeCompte,  John  Stevens,  Henry  Lake,  John  Gooding,  John 
Reed,  David  Smith  Levin  Woolford,  Thomas  Jones,  John  Williams,  John 
Cropper,  Charles  Adams,  John  Keene,  Richard  Pattison,  Thomas  Bamett, 
John  Eccleston,  Stanley  Byus,  Samuel  Brown,  Justices. 

1796— John  Stevens,  John  Keene,  Henry  Lake,  John  Reed,  David  Smith, 
John  Cropper,  Levin  Woolford,  John  Williams,  Thomas  Barnett,  Thomas 
Jones,  Moses  LeCompte,  Samuel  Brown,  John  Gooding,  Richard  Pattison, 
Justices. 

1797 — Levin  Woolford,  John  Cropper,  Charles  Adams,  John  Stevens, 
John  Reed,  John  Gooding,  Moses  LeCompte,  Henry  Lake,  David  Smith, 
Samuel  W.  Pitt,  Richard  Pattison,  John  Williams,  Thomas  Bamett, 
Justices. 

1798 — Richard  Pattison,  Samuel  Pitt,  David  Smith,  Thomas  Barnett, 
Thomas  Jones,  Robert  Griffith,  Moses  LeCompte,  Levin  Woolford,  John 
Reed,  John  Stevens,  James  Steele,  Mathew  Keene,  Charles  Adams,  John 
Cropper,  John  Williams,  Justices. 

1799 — Moses  LeCompte,  John  Reed,  John  Williams,  Thomas  Barnett, 
John  Stevens,  Robert  Griffith,  Levin  Woolford,  Charles  Adams,  Thomas 
Jones,  Matthew  Keene,  Richard  Pattison,  John  Cropper,  Samuel  Pitt, 
John  Craig,  David  Smith,  Justices. 

1800 — Levin  Woolford,  Samuel  Pitt,  Moses  LeCompte,  John  Reed,  John 
Stevens,  John  Craig,  Robert  Griffith,  Richard  Pattison,  Thomas  Jones, 


428  APPENDIX 

1819 — Levin  Marshall,  William  Flint,  Michael  Lucas,  John  Donovan, 
Solomon  Kirwan,  Justices. 

1820— William  B.  Martin,  John  Donovan,  Henry  Smoot,  Matthew  Smith, 
David  Higgins,  Samuel  LeCompte,  George  Lake,  Joseph  Evitt,  Philip  S. 
Yates,  Francis  Webb,  James  Thompson,  Richard  C.  Keene,  William  Med- 
ford,  Thomas  Byus,  James  Carroll,  James  Pattison,  Thomas  Hill,  William 
S.  Harper,  Henry  Qift,  William  Byus,  Henry  Keene,  Peter  Harrington, 
Ezekiel  Wheatley,  John  Brohawn,  Samuel  Sewall,  Levin  Woolford, 
William  M.  Robinson,  Minos  Adams,  Justices. 

1821 — Levin  Marshall,  Edward  Griffith,  Wm.  S.  Harper,  Thomas  Hill, 
George  Lake,  David  Higgins,  Joseph  Evitt,  Samuel  LeCompte,  Philip  S. 
Yates,  John  Muir,  Francis  Webb,  James  Thompson,  Richard  C.  Keene, 
William  Medford,  Levin  Richardson,  Thomas  Byus,  James  Carroll,  James 
Pattison,  Godfrey  Deane,  Henry  Clift,  John  Willis,  Job  Breerwood,  William 
Byus,  Henry  Keene,  Peter  Harrington,  Ezekiel  Wheatley,  John  Brohawn, 
Samuel  Sewall,  Jere  Bramble,  Levin  Woolford,  Wm.  M.  Robinson,  Minos 
Adams,  William  Geoghegan,  Justices. 

1822 — ^James  Cropper,  John  Travers,  Thomas  Hicks,  George  Graham, 
Levin  Richardson,  Samuel  Rawleigh,  James  Carroll,  James  B.  Travers, 
Eccleston  Brown,  Moses  Geoghegan,  Thomas  Summers,  Qement  Mc- 
Namara,  Francis  Webb,  William  Medford,  James  Pattison,  Wm.  M.  Robin- 
son, Levin  Woolford,  Samuel  Sewell,  John  Brohawn,  Ezekiel  Wheatley, 
Peter  Harrington,  Henry  Keene,  Justices. 

1823 — Absalom  Thompson,  Thomas  Lee,  Daniel  Barnes,  James  Cropper, 
Levin  Richardson,  Samuel  Rawleigh,  James  Carroll,  Eccleston  Brown, 
Qement  McNamara,  Francis  Webb,  William  Medford,  James  Pattison, 
Henry  Keene,  Peter  Harrington,  Ezekiel  Wheatley,  John  Brohawn,  Samuel 
Sewell,  Levin  Woolford,  Wm.  M.  Robinson,  Justices. 

1824 — Reuben  Lewis,  James  Hammersley,  Thomas  Walker,  Herndon 
Haralson,  Thomas  Chapman,  James  Layton,  Robert  Hurley,  John  Douglas, 
James  Houston,  James  Cropper,  Levin  Richardson,  Samuel  Rawleigh, 
James  Carroll,  Qement  McNamara,  Eccleston  Brown,  James  Pattison, 
William  Medford,  Francis  Webb,  Henry  Keene,  Peter  Harrington.  Ezekiel 
Wheatley,  John  Brohawn,  Samuel  Sewell,  Levin  Woolford,  Wm.  M.  Robin- 
son, Justices. 

1825 — Samuel  LeCompte,  Thomas  Breerwood,  James  Houston,  James 
Muir,  William  Byus,  Reuben  Lewis,  Moses  Geoghegan,  James  Hammersley, 
George  Graham,  Peter  Harrington,  Thomas  Lee,  William  S.  Harper, 
James  B.  Travers.  Thomas  Hill,  Thomas  Hicks,  Robert  Hurley,  Richard  C 
Keene,  Ezekiel  Wheatley,  John  Douglas,  Francis  Webb,  John  Brohawn, 
Jere  Bramble,  George  Lake,  Edward  Griffith,  Henry  Keene,  John  Donovan, 
D.  H.  Barrow,  Minos  Adams,  Eccleston  Brown,  Henry  Thomas,  J.  Bennett, 
James  Cropper,  Qement  McNamara,  Daniel  Cannon,  Thomas  Simmons, 
Levin  Richardson,  Thomas  Jones,  Joseph  Evitt,  Justices. 

1826— Philip  S.  Yates,  Benjamin  Todd,  Noah  Dixon,  W.  G.  Eccleston, 


APPENDIX  429 

Joseph  Nicols,  Josa.  Humphriss,  Edward  Wright,  James  Layton,  James 
Muir,  Thomas  Breerwood,  James  Houston,  William  Byus,  Reuben  Lewis, 
Moses  Geoghegan,  James  Hammer sley,  George  Graham,  Peter  Harrington, 
Thomas  Lee  James  B.  Travers,  Thomas  Hill,  Thomas  Hicks,  Robert  Hur- 
ley, Richard  C.  Keene,  Ezekiel  Wheatley,  John  Douglas,  Francis  Webb, 
John  Brohawn,  Jere  Bramble,  George  Lake,  Edward  Griffith,  Henry  Keene, 
John  Donovan,  D.  W.  Barrow,  Eccleston  Brown,  Minos  Adams,  Henry 
Thomas,  J.  Bennett,  James  Cropper,  Qement  McNamara,  Joseph  Evitt, 
Thomas  Jones,  Levin  Richardson,  Daniel  Cannon,  Thomas  Simmons, 
Justices. 

1827 — ^James  Houston,  W.  G.  Eccleston,  Levi  D.  Travers,  Matthias 
Travers,  James  Cropper,  Thomas  Hill,  Philip  S.  Yates,  Jos.  Humpriss, 
Levin  Richardson,  Whitefield  Woolford,  John  Douglass,  Ezekiel  Wheatley, 
George  Lake,  George  Graham,  James  Hammersley,  Levin  Woolford,  John 
Muir,  William  Byus,  Edward  Griffith,  Minos  Adams,  Edward  Wright, 
Joseph  Evitt,  Daniel  Cannon,  John  Willis,  Francis  Webb,  Jere  Bramble, 
James  Houston,  John  Donovan,  Wesley  Woodland,  Isaac  F.  Williams, 
Qement  McNamara,  William  Medford,  James  Thompson,  Joseph  K. 
Travers,  Thomas  Hicks,  Thomas  Chapman,  Thomas  Summers,  William  J. 
Ford,  William  Byus,  James  Carroll,  James  Corkran,  Denwood  H.  Barrow, 
Stephen  LeCompte  (of  L.),  Lewis  Ross,  Thomas  Bamett,  Wm.  Banning, 
Justices. 

1828 — Matthias  Travers,  Samuel  Sewell,  Noah  Dixon,  Thomas  Jones, 
Joseph  E.  Whittington,  Fisher  Evans,  Elijah  Tall,  James  LeCompte,  Jere 
Bramble,  James  Houston,  John  Donovan,  Wesley  Woodland,  Isaac  F. 
Williams,  Oement  McNamara,  William  Medford,  Joseph  K.  Travers, 
William  J.  Ford,  William  Byus,  James  Carroll,  Samuel  Corkran,  Denwood 
H.  Barrow,  Stephen  LeCompte  of  L.,  Thomas  Bamett,  Justices. 

1829 — ^James  Givin,  Sr.,  Peter  Harrington,  Reuben  Lewis,  St.  George  E. 
Roberts,  Jos.  A.  Humphriss,  Wm.  Geoghegan,  Stephen  Andrews,  Nimrod 
Newton,  Samuel  L.  Rawleigh,  Arthur  H.  Willis,  Eccleston  Brown,  Wm.  D. 
Barrow,  Jeremiah  Bramble,  Joseph  Nicols,  Elijah  Tall,  Solomon  Kirwan, 
Levin  Woolford,  Uriah  Medford,  Fisher  Evans,  James  LeCompte,  James 
Houston,  Matthias  Travers,  James  Cropper,  Philip  S.  Yates,  Jos.  A.  Hum- 
phriss, Levin  Richardson,  Whitefield  Woolford,  John  Douglass,  Ezekiel 
Wheatley,  George  Lake,  George  Graham,  James  Hammersley,  William 
Byus,  Edward  Griffith,  William  Bjrus,  Minos  Adams,  "Edward  Wright, 
Joseph  Evitt,  Daniel  Cannon,  John  Willis,  Francis  Webb,  James  Houston, 
John  Donovan,  Wesley  Woodland,  Isaac  Williams,  Qement  McNamara, 
William  Medford,  Joseph  K.  Travers,  William  J.  Ford,  James  Carroll, 
Samuel  Corkran,  D.  H.  Barrow,  Stephen  LeCompte  of  L.,  Thomas  Bamett, 
Justices. 

1830 — Henry  C.  Elbert.  James  Frazier,  John  Smith,  John  Spedden.  Hugh 
Neild,  John  Rowins,  James  Craig,  Thomas  Evans,  John  Tyler,  Benjamin 
Slacum,  Samuel  Craig,  Henry  Keene,  Henry  Shenton,  Matthew  Smith,  Jr., 


43<>  APPENDIX 

Cassidy  Rawlins,  Daniel  Follin,  William  Newton,  Francis  Webb,  George  A. 
Smith,  Samuel  L  Rawleigh,  Reuben  Lewis,  Fisher  Evans,  Samuel  Sewcll, 
Gement  McNamara,  John  Donovan,  James  Houston,  William  J.  Ford, 
William  Medford,  Jerc  Bramble,  James  Cropper,  Phillip  S.  Yates,  Levin 
Richardson,  George  Graham,  James  Hammersley,  William  Bjrus,  Minos 
Adams,  Daniel  Cannon,  Justice's. 

1831 — Chas.  W.  Reed,  Samuel  Pattison,  Levin  Jones,  Joseph  S.  Hooper, 
John  G.  Abbott,  Henry  Cook,  G.  McBride,  William  Andrews,  George  A. 
Smith,  William  Newton,  Cassidy  Rawlings,  Henry  Shenton,  Henry  Keenc, 
Samuel  Craig,  Benjamin  Slacum,  John  Spedden,  John  Rowins,  John 
Smith,  Solomon  Kirwan,  Elijah  Tall,  St  George  Roberts,  Reuben  Lewis, 
Fisher  Evans,  James  LeCompte,  Thomas  Bamett,  Lewis  Ross,  Joseph  K. 
Travers,  Qement  McNamara,  Thomas  Summers,  John  Donovan,  James 
Houston,  Jere  Bramble,  William  Medford,  Thomas  J.  Ford,  James  Crop- 
per, Ezekiel  Wheat  ley,  James  Hammersley,  William  B)rus,  Edward  Wright, 
Daniel  Cannon,  Minos  Adams,  Justices. 

1832 — ^James  Houston,  John  Donovan,  Jos.  K.  Travers,  William  Newton, 
Thomas  Barnett,  Levin  Richardson,  Hugh  Neild,  Cassidy  Rawlings, 
Matthew  Travers,  Levi  D.  Travers,  John  G.  AEbott,  Solomon  Robinson, 
Luke  Mezick,  Thos.  L  H.  Eccleston,  Solomon  Kirwan,  George  Graham, 
Whitefield  Woolford,  Minos  Adams,  Edward  Wright,  William  L  Ford, 
William  Byus,  Henry  Keene,  James  Hammersley,  Samuel  Craig,  William 
Frazier,  George  A.  Smith,  Barzalla  Street,  Moses  Geoghegan,  James 
LeCompte,  Nimrod  Newton,  James  Carroll,  Stephen  Andrews,  Thomas 
Summers,  Samuel  Pattison,  Standley  Richardson,  Samuel  Sewell,  Wesley 
Woodland,  W.  G.  Eccleston,  Richard  C.  Keene,  William  Newton,  Joseph  S. 
Hooper,  John  Williams,  Thomas  Jones,  Henry  Keene,  James  Smith, 
Clement  McNamara,  William  Andrews,  Uriah  Medford,  John  Spedden, 
John  Collins,  Eccleston  Brown,  Richard  Tall,  John  Rowins,  Timothy 
McNamara,  Lewis  Ross,  Levin  Keene  (of  H.),  Peter  Harrington,  Michael 
Lucas,  Justices. 

1833 — William  L  Ford,  William  Byus,  James  Houston,  John  Donovan, 
George  A.  Smith,  G.  McBride,  Barzalla  Street,  Henry  Keene,  James 
Smith,  James  Hammersley,  Samuel  Craig,  John  Newton,  William  Newton, 
Joseph  K.  Travers,  James  Houston,  Uriah  Medford,  Minos  Adams,  Joseph 
Vaughn,  Wm.  Banning,  Qement  McNamara,  Timothy  McNamara,  Lewis 
Ross,  Fisher  Evans,  Samuel  Pattison,  Solomon  Kirwan,  Levin  Keene, 
Elijah  Tall,  Nimrod  Ne>\'ton,  John  Kewton,  Samuel  Sewell,  Edward 
Wright,  John  Collins,  Joseph  S.  Hooper,  Thomas  Barnett,  William 
Andrews,  John  Rowins,  James  Carroll,  James  Muir,  S.  L  Pattison,  John 
Spedden,  Levin  Richardson,  Whitefield  Woolford,  John  G.  Abbott,  Eccles- 
ton Brown,  Charles  W.  Reed,  Henry  C.  Elbert,  Henry  L.  McNamara, 
Benj.  T.  Street,  Minos  Adams,  Henry  Cook,  Standley  Richardson,  William 
S.  Hooper,  Edward  Wright. 

1834 — Henry  C.  Elbert,  Joseph   S.   Hooper,  William   L   Ford,  Samuel 


APPENDIX  431 

Pattison,  James  Houston,  John  Newton,  John  G.  Abbott,  John  Spedden, 
William  Frazier,  Eccleston  Brown,  Richard  Tall,  William  Bjrus,  John 
Rowins,  James  Carroll,  George  A.  Smith,  Barzalla  Street,  Stephen 
Andrews,  Charles  W.  Reed,  Levin  Richardson,  Standley  Richardson, 
Minos  Adams,  Luke  Mezick,  Fisher  Evans,  Henry  L.  McNamara,  Solo- 
mon Kirwan,  L.  L  Pattison,  James  Hammersley,  Samuel  Craig,  Joseph  K. 
Travers,  Nimrod  Newton,  Timothy  McNamara,  Solomon  Robinson, 
Qement  McNamara,  W.  G.  Eccleston,  Gardner,  Bayley,  Joseph  Stewart, 
Thomas  Barnett,  Thomas  Summers,  Benjamin  T.  Smith,  L  B.  Newton, 
Will  Banning,  James  Muir,  Reuben  Martina,  Hugh  Neild,  Uriah  Medford, 
James  Carroll,  Stephen  Andrews,  William  Byus,  H.  Winterbottom,  G.  Mc- 
Bride,  William  Andrews,  JusHces. 

1835 — ^James  Hammersley,  Samuel  Craig,  Luke  Mezick,  Joseph  Vaughn, 
Standley  Richardson,  I.  Pattison,  Henry  L.  McNamara,  Benj.  T.  Street, 
John  Newton,  Levin  Ross,  William  Andrews,  Thomas  Barnett,  John  F. 
Eccleston,  Solomon  Kirwan,  Fisher  Evans,  Archibald  F.  Reagan,  John  G. 
Abbott,  H.  Winterbottom,  Elijah  Tall,  Levin  Keene,  James  Carroll, 
Stephen  Andrews,  James  Houston,  Gardner  Bayley,  Edward  Wright, 
Joseph  VaugTin,  James  Muir,  John  Spedden,  Will  Banning,  I>evereux 
Travers,  Samuel  Sewell,  G.  McBride,  Joseph  S.  Hooper,  George  A.  Smith, 
Henry  Keene,  James  Smith,  Solomon  Robinson,  Reuben  Martina,  Jospeh  K. 
Travers,  John  R.  Creighton,  Wesley  Woodland,  William  Byus,  Wm.  I. 
Ford,  Levi  D.  Travers,  William  Finzle,  John  Collins,  Richard  Tall, 
Eccleston  Brown,  William  Andrews,  Lorenzo  R.  Wallace,  Levin  Keene 
(of  H.),  Justices. 

1836— John  Newton,  Joseph  S.  Hooper,  Eccleston  Brown,  L  B.  Newton, 
John  R.  Creighton,  Gardner  Bayley,  L.  L  Pattison,  Fisher  Evans,  John  T. 
Stewart,  Joseph  K  Travers,  Nimrod  Newton,  Reuben  Martina,  Joseph 
Vaughn,  C.  W.  Reece,  William  Frazier,  James  Houston,  Solomon  Kirwan, 
Henry  L.  McNamara,  Lewis  Ross,  Luke  Mezick,  Minos  Adams,  Barzalla 
Stewart,  Solomon  Robinson,  Richard  Tull,  Samuel  Pattison,  John  Webb, 
Samuel  Craig,  Whitefield  Woolford,  Henry  Cook,  James  Muir,  Edward 
Wright,  Benjamin  T.  Street,  Levi  D.  Travers,  Levin  Keene,  Standley 
Richardson,  Levin  W.  Tall,  Elijah  Tall,  Uriah  Medford,  H.  Winterbottom, 
John  G.  Abbott,  Joel  Cornwell,  William  Medford,  C.  W.  Reed,  Jacob 
Wilson,  Timothy  McNamara,  W.  Woodland,  Solomon  Robinson,  William 
Howeth,  William  L  Ford,  Justices. 

1837 — John  Newton,  T.  L  Pattison,  Fisher  Evans,  G.  McBride,  Gardner 
Bayley,  Solomon  Kirwan,  Henry  L.  McNamara,  Timothy  McNamara,  John 
Spedden,  William  Frazier,  William  Andrews,  John  R.  Creighton,  John  G. 
Abbott,  Joel  Cornwell,  James  Higgins,  John  T.  Stewart,  Levin  Richardson, 
Standley  Richardson,  Joseph  S.  Hooper,  Levin  S.  Keene,  James  Smith, 
John  Travers,  Wesley  Woodland,  Luke  Mezick,  Edward  Wright,  Samuel 
Craig,  William  L  Ford,  Barzillia  Slacum,  Joseph  Hammersley,  James 
Carroll,   Solomon   Robinson,  John   Thompson,  William   Medford,   Lewis 


43^  APPENDIX 

Ross,  Reuben  Martina,  W.  R  Greene,  Nimrod  Newton,  Brannock  Moore, 
W.  D.  Lynch,  Horatio  Hughes,  Thomas  Barnett,  Justices. 

1838 — William  I.  Ford,  John  R.  Creighton,  Levin  Richardson,  Standley 
Richardson,  Richard  Tull,  Minos  Adams,  John  Newton,  Gardner  Bayley, 
James  Smith,  Levin  L.  Keene,  John  Webb,  Brannock  Moore,  Elijah  Tall, 
T.  L  Pattison,  H.  Willcox,  G.  McBride,  Nimrod  Newton,  Nathaniel  E. 
Greene,  John  Thompson,  Reuben  Martina,  Charles  A.  Travers,  W.  Wood- 
land, Samuel  Collins,  Levin  Marshall,  James  Dixon,  James  Carroll,  John 
Rowins,  Henry  Cook,  John  Spedden,  James  Hammersley,  Levin  W.  Tall, 
A.  R.  Wallace,  Edward  Wright,  Devereux  Travers,  Arthur  Bell,  Stephen 
Andrews,  John  Rowins,  William  Frazier,  Thomas  Barnett,  J.  F.  Eccleston, 
Barzillia  Slacum,  Horatio  Hughes,  Justices. 

1839 — ^James  Hammersley,  Levin  W.  Tall,  Gardner  Bayley,  John  Newton^ 
John  G.  Abbott,  Solomon  Robinson,  James  Carroll,  Stephen  Andrews, 
Thomas  Summers,  T.  L  Pattison,  Charles  A.  Travers,  Samuel  L  Meekins, 
William  Andrews,  Timothy  McNamara,  Samuel  Craig,  Devereux  Travers, 
Samuel  Sewell,  Henry  Cook,  Minos  Adams,  Edward  Wright,  William 
Howith  Barzillia  Slacum,  Levin  Keene,  Cain  Hurley,  James  Rea,  John  D. 
Stevens,  John  Spedden,  James  Dixon,  Alden  B.  Smith,  Charles  A.  Travers, 
Wm.  L  Ford,  John  Keene,  Wesley  Woodland,  William  Rhea,  Solomon  F. 
Kirwan,  Thomas  Barnett,  Will  Banning,  William  Newton,  Thomas 
Adams,  Levi  D.  Travers,  Travers  Spicer,  John  D.  Stevens,  H.  Willcox, 
John  H.  Hodson,  Clement  McNamara,  H.  C.  Elbert,  Mitchell  Thompson, 
Eccleston  Brown,  Ignatius  B.  Newton,  John  B.  Caulk,  Richard  Tull,  Henry 
Shenton,  John  F.  Eccleston,  James  Mowbray,  Jr.,  Vincent  Moore,  Luke 
Mezick,  Jacob  Elston,  William  D.  Lynch,  Standley  Richardson,  D.  W. 
Tyler,  Travers  B.  Tolley,  Brannock  Moore,  George  A.  Smith,  Fisher  Evans, 
Edward  Thomas,  Joseph  S.  Hooper,  Justices. 

1840 — Levin  Richardson,  Whitefield  Wool  ford,  James  Dixon,  Henry 
Shenton,  John  F.  Eccleston,  Samuel  Abbott,  Thomas  Hubbard,  John  New- 
ton, Gardner  Bayley,  George  A.  Smith,  John  G.  Abbott,  James  Rea, 
Solomon  F.  Kirwan,  Samuel  Sewell,  John  D.  Stevens,  Solomon  Robinson, 
John  Spedden,  William  Frazier,  James  Smith,  Thomas  Adams,  Elisha 
Corkran,  Horatio  Hughes,  William  Newton,  John  B.  Caulk,  James  Gould, 
Thomas  Barnett,  John  G.  Abbott,  T.  L  Pattison,  James  Hammersley, 
Thomas  Summers,  Henry  Cook,  Edward  Thomas,  Mitchell  Thompson, 
D.  W.  Tyler,  Luke  Mezick,  Samuel  Twilley,  Cain  Hurley,  Thomas  Breer- 
wood,  James  R.  McKewer,  Vincent  Moore,  Wesley  Woodland,  John 
Hooper,  Standley  Richardson,  John  B.  Creighton,  Henry  C.  Elbert,  Lewis 
Ross,  Minos  Adams,  William  T.  Parks,  Algernon  Thomas,  Peter  Harring- 
ton, Samuel  Harrington,  Robert  Bell,  Brannock  Moore,  Charles  L  Smith, 
James  E.  Gofslin,  William  Rhea,  Greenbury,  Devereux  Travers,  George 
Tyler,  Travers  B.  Tolley,  Charles  Corkran,  Jeremiah  Bramble,  Justices. 

1841— Charles  Corkran,  Thomas  Barnett,  Whitefield  Woolford,  Samuel 
Craig,  Travers  B.  Tolley,  William  Rhea,  Edward  Thomas,  John  G.  Abbott, 


APPENDIX  433 

James  Rea,  James  Gould,  Charles  I.  Smith,  Samuel  Sewell,  Uriah  Medford, 
Daniel  Cannon,  John  B.  Caulk,  Clement  McNamara,  George  Tyler,  Henry 
Shenton,  George  A.  Smith,  William  McMichael,  Brannock  Moore,  Fisher 
Evans,  John  Hooper,  Chas.  A.  Travcrs,  John  W.  Dail,  D.  W.  Tyler, 
Richard  Pattison,  Richard  Tall,  Solomon  Robinson,  Henry  Cook,  Lewis 
Ross,  Henry  C.  Elbert,  John  D.  Stevens,  James  Mowbray,  Jr.,  Elisha 
Corkran,  Algernon  Thomas,  Vincent  Moore,  James  R.  McKiever,  Samuel 
Abbott,  Thomas  Hubbard,  William  Newton,  Samuel  Twilley,  Standley 
Richardson,  James  Hammersley,  Minos  Adams,  Lewis  Ross,  Levin  Rich- 
ardson, William  Newton,  Jeremiah  Bramble,  James  Smith,  John  Spedden, 
Justices. 

1842 — Henry  Shenton,  D.  W.  Tyler,  Charles  Corkran,  James  Rea, 
William  Newton,  John  D.  Stevens,  George  A.  Smith,  William  McMichael, 
Charles  I  Smith,  Samuel  Twilley,  Levi  D.  Travers,  Wm.  F.  Geoghegan, 
James  Hammersley,  Standley  Richardson,  Marcellus  D.  Keene,  James 
Gould,  A.  H.  Penington,  Henry  W.  Gray,  William  T.  Parks,  John  G. 
Abbott,  Brannock  Moore,  G.  McBride,  Henry  C.  Elbert,  Solomon  Robinson, 
Henry  Cook,  Thomas  H.  Ruark,  Fisher  Evans,  Jeremiah  Bramble,  William 
Rhea,  Edward  Thomas,  John  Spedden,  Lewis  Ross,  George  Tyler,  Minos 
Adams,  Daniel  Cannon,  Qement  McNamara,  Algernon  Thomas,  Joel 
Cornwell,  Elisha  Corkran,  Marcellus  D.  Keene,  Richard  Tall,  Whitefield 
Woolford,  Travers  B.  Tolley,  Fielder  Jones,  James  R.  McKecver,  Vincent 
Moore,  Justiceis. 

1843 — ^William  Rhea,  Henry  Cook,  John  Radcliff,  James  Rea,  Charles 
Corkran,  Travers  B.  Tolley,  Richard  Tall,  William  Newton,  John  D. 
Stevens,  John  G.  Abbott,  Solomon  Robinson,  John  P.  Abbott,  Samuel 
Twilley,  Daniel  Cannon,  Vincent  Moore,  Samuel  Craig,  Henry  Shenton, 
D.  W.  Tyler,  John  A.  Radcliff,  Richard  Pattison,  Clement  McNamara, 
William  Geoghegan,  Caleb  Griffin,  James  Mowbray,  Jeremiah  Bramble, 
James  Gould,  Fisher  Evans,  William  McMichael,  Whitefield  Woolford, 
James  Smith,  Joel  Cornwell,  George  A.  Smith,  Levi  D.  Travers,  James  E. 
Goslin,  Fielder  Jones,  Charles  A.  Travers,  Richard  Pattison,  Edward 
Brodess,  Lewis  Ross,  Elisha  Corkran,  Algernon  Thomas,  James  Moore, 
William  Staplefort,  Justices. 

1844 — Henry  Cook,  John  A.  Radcliff,  James  Hammersley,  Standley 
Richardson,  William  Newton,  John  D.  Stevens,  Henry  Shenton,  Fielder 
Jones,  George  A.  Smith,  Joel  Cornwell,  James  Rea,  Charles  I.  Smith, 
James  E.  Goslin,  William  Rhea,  Edward  Thomas,  Whitefield  Woolford, 
Charles  A.  Travers,  William  Staplefort,  Richard  Tall,  Jeremiah  Bramble, 
James  Gould,  John  G.  Abbott,  D.  W.  Tyler,  Samuel  Twilley,  Edward  W. 
Morris,  James  Moore,  Caleb  Griffin,  Daniel  Cannon,  James  Smith,  Qement 
McNamara,  Brannock  Moore,  Thomas  J.  Ball,  Edward  Brodess,  Joseph  A, 
Emondson,  Samuel  Abbott,  Edward  R.  Goslin,  Justices. 

184s — George  A.  Smith,  Brannock  Moore,  James  Rea,  Charles  Corkran, 
William  McMichael,  Elijah  K.  Hurley,  Thomas  J.  Ball,  Henry  C  Elbert, 

28 


434  APPENDIX 

Daniel  Cannon,  Charles  T.  Smith,  Edward  W.  Tull,  William  Newton, 
John  D.  Stevens,  D.  W.  Tyler,  Henry  Shenton,  Clement  McNamara,  James 
Gould,  Edward  W.  Morris,  Edward  R.  Goslin,  William  W.  LeCompte, 
Robert  Bell,  Fielder  Jones,  Charles  A.  Travers,  Robert  R.  Robertson, 
James  Mowbray,  James  Moore,  James  Hammersley,  Standley  Richardson, 
Gardner  Bayley,  James  Cooper,  Richard  Tall,  Jeremiah  Bramble,  James 
R.  McKeever,  Thomas  Bamett,  John  D.  Brower,  Fisher  Evans,  Charles 
W.  Breerwood,  Levin  Mitchell,  William  Howeth,  T.  I:  Pattison,  Kendal 
Fooks,  Horatio  Hughes,  G.  P.  Lake,  J.  L.  Maguire,  John  Shoacre,  John 
Webb,  Stephen  Andrews,  Justices. 

1846 — Thomas  Bamett,  John  F.  Eccleston,  Richard  Tall,  Samuel  Craig, 
William  W.  LeCompte,  Robert  Bell,  Augustus  T.  Wheatley,  Henry  Shen- 
ton, James  Cooper,  Gardner  Bayley,  John  G.  Abbott,  H.  Winterbottom, 
James  Hammersley,  Standley  Richardson,  Nimrod  Newton,  John  Webb, 
Edward  Wright,  Edward  Tull,  Whitefield  Woolford,  Timothy  McNamara, 
Brannock  Moore,  John  D.  Bower,  John  Showacrc,  J.  L.  Maguire,  Robert 
R.  Robertson,  Kendal  Fooks,  Elijah  Tall,  James  Geoghegan,  G.  P.  Lake, 
William  Howeth,  James  Smith,  James  Mowbray,  Fielder  G.  Jones,  John 
Webb,  Devereux  Travers,  Algernon  Thomas,  Horatio  Hughes,  Samuel 
Sewell,  Justices. 

1847— Edward  Tull,  A.  T.  Wheatley,  Robert  Bell,  Wm.  W.  LeCompte, 
George  A.  Smith,  Fisher  Evans,  John  Spedden,  C.  W.  Breerwood,  Robert 
R.  Robertson,  John  Webb,  William  Howeth,  John  B.  Leckie,  Devereux 
Travers,  James  Cooper,  Timothy  McNamara,  Stephen  Andrews,  Fielder 
G.  Jones,  Vincent  P.  Moore,  Samuel  Sewell,  Standley  Richardson,  John 
D.  Bower,  J.  L.  Maguire,  John  Showacre,  Brannock  Moore,  John  T. 
Stewart,  Gardner  Bayley,  William  Newton,  John  D.  Stevens,  James  Ham- 
mersley, G.  P.  Lake,  Charles  L  Smith,  Horatio  Hughes,  J.  W.  Henry, 
Thomas  Bamett,  Robert  H.  Muir.  James  L.  Geoghegan,  John  B.  Leckie, 
William  Spear,  Levin  Craig,  Richard  Tall,  Nimrod  Newton,  James  N. 
Sherman,  Justices. 

1848— Wm.  W.  LeCompte,  Robert  Bell,  William  Howeth,  William  Spear, 
Brannock  Moore,  J.  W.  Henry,  Thomas  Bamett,  Charles  Corkran,  James 
Rea,  Elijah  Tall,  Richard  Tall,  James  Smith,  James  L.  Geoghegan,  John 
R.  Shenton,  Fielder  G.  Jones,  J.  L.  Maguire,  John  Showacre,  Gardner 
Bayley,  C.  W.  Breerwood,  Robert  H.  Muir,  G.  P.  Lake,  Nimrod  Newton, 
James  W.  Sherman,  Edward  Tull,  Vincent  P.  Moore,  Robert  R.  Robertson, 
Stephen  Andrews,  Chas.  T.  Smith,  Noah  Abbott,  John  Roszell,  A.  S. 
Harper,  D.  W.  Tyler,  Samuel  Hardican,  A.  T.  Wheatley,  James  Craig, 
John  W.  Travers,  Nicholas  Langfit,  Arthur  Hughes,  Thos.  L  Ball,  J.  H. 
Bell,  Daniel  Cannon,  William  Geoghegan  (of  John),  Justices. 

1849 — Samuel  Abbott,  Thomas  R.  Cook,  Whitefield  Woolford,  James 
Craig,  James  P.  Russell,  Joseph  H.  Bell,  Charles  Corkran,  James  Rea, 
Wm.  W.  LeCompte,  Robert  Bell,  John  D.  Stevens,  Thomas  L  Ball,  James 
B.   Thompson,  A.   S.   Harper,  Thomas  Bamett,  Nimrod   Newton,   Noah 


APPENDIX  435 

Abbott,  Wm.  M.  Robinson,  D.  W.  Tyler,  Samuel  Hardican,  Patti- 

son,  William  Frazier,  Daniel  Cannon,  Chas.  T.  Smith,  John  B.  Leckie, 
John  Webb,  Daniel  Robinson,  William  Newton,  William  Geoghegan,  John 
W.  Travers,  George  A.  Smith,  Charles  I.  Smith,  James  Hammersley, 
Nicholas  Langfit,  Arthur  Hughes,  John  E.  Roszell,  Justices. 

1850 — George  A.  Smith,  Thomas  I.  Ball,  James  Rea,  Charles  Corkran, 
Charles  I.  Smith,  John  D.  Stevens,  Whitefield  Woolford,  James  Ham- 
mersley, Joseph  H.  Bell,  James  P.  Russell,  D.  W.  Tyler,  Samuel  Hardican, 
Noah  Abbott,  James  Craig,  Wm.  H.  Barton,  Nicholas  Langfit,  Wm.  M. 
Frazier,  Charles  T.  Smith,  Daniel  Cannon,  James  Smith,  John  W.  Travers, 
William  Geoghegan,  Arthur  Hughes,  James  B.  Thompson,  Henry  Shenton, 
Samuel  Abbott,  Thomas  R.  Cook,  James  H.  Radcliff,  Daniel  Robinson, 
W.  T.  Vickers,  James  Mowbray,  Justices. 


THE  GOVERNOR'S  COUNCIL^  OR  UPPER  HOUSE  OF  ASSEM- 
BLY IN  COLONIAL  PERIOD,  CHOSEN  FROM 
DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

1690-95 — Charles  Hutchins. 

1709-17 — Col.  Thomas  Ennalls.     Recommissioned  in  1715  by  his  Lord- 
ship and  Lord  Guilford,  his  Lordship's  guardian. 
1729 — Col.  John  Rider. 
October,  1763 — Charles  Goldsborough. 
May,  1766— Col.  Henry  Hooper. 

STATE  SENATORS. 

First  State  Senator  elected  by  the  Electoral  College  under  tEe  State 
Government  from  Dorchester  County. 

1777-83 — Robert  Goldsborough.  In  1783  he  resigned  on  account  of 
poor  health,  but  was  at  once  reelected  to  fill  the  vacancy  with  the  re- 
quest that  he  take  his  seat  whenever  able.  In  November,  1784,  he 
declined  to  accept  his  appointment. 

1781-90 — ^John  Henry.  Also  a  member  of  Congress  during  the  Revo- 
lution. Some  State  Senators  were  elected  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  were  allowed  to  hold  both  offices. 

1791-95 — Charles  Goldsborough,  elected  November  19  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

1801 — Charles  Goldsborough,  Jr. 


^  The  method  of  selecting  members  of  the  Council  and  the  limited  number  chosen  by 
the  Governor  did  not  always  give  each  county  a  representative  in  the  Upper  House. 

Note. — From  1789  to  1836.  when  State  Senators  were  chosen  by  an  Electoral  College, 
and  only  six  Senators  to  be  elected  from  the  Eastern  Shore,  every  county  could  not  have  a 
Senator.  The  method  of  selection  sometimes  gave  a  county  two  Senators,  while  some 
other  county  had  none. 


436  APPENDIX 

1811-15 — Charles  Frazier.  December  9,  1814;  he  resigned,  but  was 
reelected  at  once  by  the  Senate. 

1832-35— Henry  Page. 

1837— William  T.  Goldsborough,  elected  by  the  people. 

1838 — Thomas  J.  H.  Eccleston,  elected  by  the  people. 

1839-42 — Wm.  T.  Goldsborough,  elected  by  the  people. 

1844-49 — Francis  P.  Phelps,  elected  by  the  people. 

1852-54 — Benj.  G.  Keene,  elected  by  the  people. 

1856— James  Wallace. 

i86o^Charles  Goldsborough. 

1864 — Dr.  Thomas  King  Carroll,  who  resigned. 

1866— William  Frazier. 

1868 — Washington  A.  Smith. 

1870 — Daniel  M.  Henry. 

1874 — Francis  P.  Phelps,  M.D. 

1878 — Clement  Sulivane. 

1884 — Henry  Lloyd.  President  of  the  Senate.  By  the  resignation  of 
Governor  McLane,  became  acting  Governor  in  1885.  Was  elected  Gov- 
ernor by  the  Legislature  January  20,  1886;  term  expired  January,  1888. 

1887 — Joseph  H.  Johnson. 

1889 — Geo.  E.  Austin. 

1893 — ^Joseph  H.  Johnson. 

1897 — Wm.  F.  Applegarth. 

1901 — Wm.  F.  Applegarth. 

STATE  CONVENTIONS. 

November  4,  i850^Thomas  H.  Hicks,  John  H.  Hodson,  Alward  John- 
son, Washington  A.  Smith. 

April  24,  1864 — ^Thomas  J.  Hodson,  Alward  Johnson,  Washington  A. 
Smith,  Thomas  I.  Dail. 

May  8,  1867 — ^James  Wallace,  Wm.  T.  Goldsborough,  George  E. 
Austin,  Dr.  Levin  Hodson. 

LIST  OF  SHERIFFS  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY  AS  FAR  AS 

KNOWN. 

Prior  to  1669 — Unknown. 

1669 — Raymond  Staplefort. 

1675-77 — Thomas  Taylor. 

1678-80— Stephen   Gary. 

1681 — Edward  Pinder. 

1682 — William  Smithson,  cousin  of  Lord  Baltimore. 

1683 — Stephen  Gary. 

1684 — ^John  Woodward. 

1685— John  Taylor. 


APPENDIX  437 

1686-88— Edward  Pinder. 
1692 — ^Thomas  Cooke. 
1696— Walter  Campbell. 
1707-08 — Govert   Lockerman. 
1709 — Roger  Woolford. 
1720— James  Hays. 
1722 — Charles  Ungle. 
1726-28— James  Woolford. 

1728-30 — ^Jacob  Lockerman.    Jacob  Lockerman,  son  of  Jacob  Locker- 
man, appointed  in  place  of  Woolford,  removed. 
1731-33— Henry  Trippe. 
1734-36 — Peter  Taylor. 
^737-Z9 — ^Jacob  Hindman. 
1740-42 — Edward  Trippe. 
1743-46— Thos.  Muir, 
i7AlS-^7 — Adam  Muir. 

1747-49 — Ennalls  Hooper,   Bartholomew   Ennalls. 
1750-52 — Bartholomew  Ennalls. 
1752-55 — Daniel  Sulivane. 
1755-53 — Charles   Dickenson. 
1758-61 — Hall  Caile. 

1 761 — Moses  Allen,  in  place  of  Caile,  deceased. 
1761-64 — Robert  Goldsborough,  appointed  in  place  of  Allen. 
1764-67 — ^John  Dickenson. 
1767-69 — Robert  Harrison. 
1770-75 — Daniel  Sulivane,  Jr. 
'^77S-7^ — Robertson  Stevens. 
1777-84 — ^John  Stevens. 
1785-91 — Thomas  Lockerman. 
1791-93 — Charles  Hodson. 
1794-97 — ^John  Tootell. 
1 798- 1 800 — Henry  Lake. 
1801-Q2 — Ezekiel  Richardson. 
1803-05 — Thomas  J.  Pattison. 
1806-09 — Thomas  Ennalls. 
1810-11 — ^Joseph  Ennalls. 
1812— John  Newton. 
1812-14 — ^Thomas  James  Pattison. 
1815-16— Thomas  Barnett. 
181 7 — Solomon  Kirwan. 
1818-21 — ^Thomas  Breerwood. 
1821-23 — Solomon  Kirwan. 
1824-27 — ^Thomas  H.  Hicks. 
1828-30 — Nathaniel  Applegarth. 
1830-33 — Reuben  Tall. 


438  APPENDIX 

t 

1834-36— John  G.  Bell. 
1837-39— James  A.  Waddell. 
1840-42— John  H.  Hodson. 
1843-45— Wm.  B.  Dail. 
1846-48 — Kendal  M.  Jacobs. 
1849-50— John  Richardson. 
1851-52 — James  E.  Douglass. 
1853-54— John  E.  Applegarth. 
1855-56— Robert  Bell. 
1857-5&— Wm.  T.  Vickers. 
1859-61 — ^Josiah  Kerr. 
1861-63 — ^Alexander  Woolford. 
1864-65 — ^John  T.  Moore. 
1865-66— Alfred  J.  Mowbry. 
1867-68 — ^James  A.  Bramble. 
1869-70— William  R.  Shenton. 
1871-72 — Edwin  Dashiell. 
1873-74— William  Hurlock. 
1875-76 — Levin  T.  Dunnock,  Jr. 
1877-78— Pollard  S.  Collins. 
1879-80 — Geo.  G.  James. 
1881-82— John  W.  Fletcher. 
1883-84 — Thos.  A.  Melvin. 
1885-86— Luther  P.  Martin. 
1887-88— Edwin  T.  Mace. 
1889-90 — Theophilus  T.  Wheatley. 
1891-92 — Thos.  B.  Cator. 
1893-94— Jos.  O.  Wright. 
1895-96 — Edward  S.  Phillips. 
1897-98 — Samuel  E.  LeCompte. 
1899-1900 — W.  Lake  Robinson. 
1901-02 — John  W.  Mills. 


GOVERNORS  OF  MARYLAND  FROM  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

1797 — John  Henry,  elected  by  the  Legislature,  Nov.  13.    Resigned,  1798. 
1818 — Charles  Goldsborough,  by  Legislature. 
1857  to  November,  1861— Thomas  Holliday  Hicks,  by  the  people. 
Henry  Lloyd,  President  Senate,  succeeded  Governor  McLane,  and  was 


Not€,—Tht  Sheriffs  also  appointed  Collector  of  Taxes  and  bonded  u  such. 


APPENDIX  439 

elected  for  balance  of  term  by  Legislature,  Jan.  20,1886;   term  expired 
Jan.,  i88a 

SECRETARY  OF  STATE  FROM  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 
1886-93 — Edward  W.  LeCompte. 

« 

COMPTROLLER    OF    THE    TREASURY    FROM    DORCHESTER 

COUNTY. 

1898- 1900 — Phillips  Lee  Goldsborough. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF  THE  LAND  OFFICE  FROM  DORCHESTER 

COUNTY. 

1869-84— Dr.  William  R.  Hayward. 
1896-1900— William  O.  Mitchell. 

CLERKS  OF  DORCHESTER  COUNTY  COURTS. 

1669 — Edward  Savage,  appointed;  Hugh  Eccleston. 

1678 — William  Smithson. 

1681 — Thomas  Smithson. 

1687 — Samuel  Smith. 

1688-92 — Thomas  Pattison. 

1692- 1 710— Hugh  Eccleston. 

1 710— Covert  Lockerman. 

1710-16 — Hugh  Eccleston. 

1716-20 — Covert  Lockerman. 

1720-32 — Charles  Goldsborough  and  Covert  Lockerman. 

1732-38 — Charles  Goldsborough. 

1738-45 — Howes  Goldsborough. 

1745-66 — ^John  Caile. 

1766-77 — Richard  Sprigg. 

1777 — Nicholas  Hammond. 

1777-80 — John   Caile  Harrison. 

1780-88 — Nicholas  Hammond,  resigned   June  9,  1788. 

1788 — Henry  Dickenson,  qualified  June  11,  1788. 

1788-1810 — Henry  Dickinson. 

1810-42— Ezekiel  Richardson. 

1842-44 — Edward  P.  LeCompte. 

1844-51 — William  Jackson. 

i85i-7(y — Francis  J.   Henry. 

1 879- 1 902 — Charles  Lake. 


440  APPENDIX 

COURT  JUDGES  FOR  THE  FOURTH  JUDICIAL  DISTRICT, 
INCLUDING  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

1791 — ^John  Done  (of  Somerset),  Chief  Justice;  Robert  Harrison,  Moses 
LeCompte,  Associate  Justices. 

1799^ William  Whittington,  Chief  Justice;  Moses  LeCompte,  Robert 
Dennis,  Associate  Justices. 

1802 — William  Polk,  Chief  Justice ;  Robert  Dennis,  John  Craig,  Associate 
Justices. 

1806 — William  Polk,  Chief  Justice;  John  Done,  James  B.  Robbins,  As- 
sociate Justices. 

1816 — William  Bond  Martin,  Chief  Judge;  James  Robbins,  William 
Whittington,  Associate  Justices. 

1827 — William  B.  J.  Martin,  Chief  Judge;  Ara  Spence,  William  Tingle, 
Associate  Justices. 

1836 — Ara  Spence,  Chief  Judge ;  William  Tingle,  Brice  J.  Goldsborough, 
Associate  Justices. 

185 1 — Hon.  Ara  Spence,  Chief  Judge. 

1854 — Hon.  James  A.  Stewart,  Chief  Judge,  Dorchester  County. 

1856 — Hon.  Thomas  A.  Spence,  Chief  Judge. 

1867 — Hon.  James  A.  Stewart,  Chief  Judge,  Dorchester  County;  John 
R.  Franklin,  Levin  T.  H.  Irving,  Associate  Justices. 

1878 — James  A.  Stewart,  Chief  Judge,  Dorchester  County;  Levin  T.  H. 
Irving,  Ephraim  K.  Wilson,  Associate  Justices. 

1879 — Hon.  Levin  Irving,  Chief  Judge;  Ephraim  Wilson,  Chas.  F. 
Goldsborough,  Associate  Justices,  Dorchester  County. 

1884 — Hon.  Levin  Irving,  Chief  Justice,  Dorchester  County;  Chas.  F. 
Goldsborough,  Chas.  F.  Holland,  Associate  Justices. 

1892 — Hon.  Henry  Page,  Chief  Judge;  Chas.  F.  Holland,  Henry  Loyd, 
Associate  Justices,  Dorchester  County. 

ASSISTANT  COURT  OFFICERS  IN  THE  CLERK'S  OFFICE  OF 
DORCHESTER  COUNTY  COURT,  AT  PRESENT. 


1892 — ^James  S.  Shepherd,  Chief  Deputy  Clerk. 
1894 — Edward  P.  Lake,  Recording  Qerk. 
1894 — Samuel  E.  Dail,  Recording  Gerk. 

STATE'S  ATTORNEYS,  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

1851-— Jos.  E.  Muse. 
1852-57 — B.  B.  Goldsborough. 
1857-60— Charles  F.  Goldsborough. 
1860-61 — Chas.  F.  Handy. 


APPENDIX  441 

1861-62 — ^^Chas.  F.  Goldsbo rough. 
1862-67 — Geo.  W.  Jefferson. 
1867-79— Charles  E.  Hayward. 
1879-87— Daniel  M.  Henry,  Jr. 
i887-9i^ohn  R.  Pattison. 
1891-97— Phillips  L.  Goldsborough. 
1898-99 — ^James  A.  Higgins,  appointed. 
1899- 1902 — R  C  Harrington. 

REGISTERS  OF  WILLS. 

1785-95 — John  Goldsborough. 

1823 — Wm.  Washington  Ecclcston,  elected  by  Joint  Assembly,  Decem- 
ber I. 

1837 — William  Washington  Eccleston. 

1838-51 — ^Thomas  Holliday  Hicks,  by  appointment 

1851-55 Mitchell,  by  election. 

1855-57 — Thos.  Holliday  Hicks,  by  election. 
1861-85— Edward  W.  LeCompte. 
1885-1902— John  W.  Fletcher. 

SOME  MEMBERS  OF  THE  ORPHANS'  COURT  OF  DORCHESTER 

COUNTY. 

1845 — ^Thos.  Breerwood,  Charles  Seward,  Lewis  Ross. 

1848 — Thos.  Breerwood,  John  W.  Dail,  Algernon  Thomas. 

185 1 — ^James  Dixon,  James  Thompson,  L.  H.  Ross. 
^    185s — ^John  H.  Hodson,  L.  H.  Ross,  Levin  Jones. 

1858 — L.  H.  Ross,  Levin  Jones,  Algernon  Thomas. 

i860— Wm.  B.  Dail,  John  W.  Henry,  Wm.  W.  Mace. 

1863 — James  Higgins,  Jas.  N.  Sherman,  John  W.  Woolford. 

1866 — ^James  Higgins,  John  W.  Woolford,  Josiah  Carroll. 

1867 — ^James  Higgins,  Samuel  Pattison,  Levi  D.  Travers. 

1871 — James  Higgins,  Levi  D.  Travers,  John  R.  Keene. 

1875 — ^John  R.  Keene,  Peter  Harrington,  Jas.  N.  Wrightson. 

1879 — ^John  R.  Keene,  Peter  Harrington,  or  Nicholas  Langford,  Daniel 
F.  Ewell. 

1883 — ^James  Gore,  Peter  Harrington,  Daniel  F.  Ewell. 

1887 — Thos.  LeCompte,  Jerry  Linthicum,  James  M.  Wrightson. 

1889— Thos.  LeCompte,  Jere  Linthicum,  Geo.  Abert  Thompson. 

1891 — Geo.  A.  Thompson,  Furman  B.  Gifton,  Wm.  H.  Turpin. 

1895 — Francis  J.  Webb,  James  H.  Murphy,  Geo.  H.  Applegarth. 

i8gQ-«.j.  Hooper  Bosley,  Exlward  P.  Smith,  Thomas  B.  Hackett 


442  APPENDIX 

COUNTY  COMMISSIONERS  AFTER  CONSTITUTION  OF  1850. 

May  18,  1852 — ^James  Higgins,  John  Muir,  James  Cooper,  William  K 
Travers,  Fielder  G.  Jones,  James  Hammersly,  John  L.  Willis. 

December  20,  1853 — Augustus  T.  Wheatly,  Levin  P.  Cook,  John  T.  Stew- 
art, Martin  L.  Wall,  Hugh  Maguire,  James  Higgins, 

December  7,  1855 — ^James  Smith,  Josiah  Webb,  William  Kirby,  Samuel 
Twilley,  Benjamin  Travers. 

January  11,  1857 — William  Kirby,  Hiram  W.  Woolford,  Martin  L.  Wall, 
Charles  Johnson,  Jos.  H.  Bell. 

1858 — The  same  as  1857. 

April  21,  i860— Thomas  Lambdin,  Thomas  J.  LeCompte,  John  A.  L. 
Radcliffe,  Thomas  R.  Cook,  Thomas  H.  Smoot. 

1861 — The  same  as  i860. 

1862 — ^Jos.  H.  Bell,  Nicholas  Langfitt,  John  T.  Moore. 

April  23,  1863 — Thomas  Lambdin,  Thomas  R.  Cook,  Jos.  H.  Bell,  John 
T.  Moore,  Nicholas  Langfitt. 

1864 — Dr.  John  F.  Kurtz,  Wm.  K.  Slacum,  Wm.  J.  Donoho,  Samuel  P. 
Brohawn,  C.  W.  Carroll. 

1865 — ^The  same  as   1864. 

1866 — Thomas  Lambdin,  James  N.  Wright,  Wm.  J.  Donoho,  Sylvester, 
George  W.  Phillips. 

1867 — The  same  as  1866. 

1868 — George  H.  Meekins,  Robert  B.  Spedden,  William  Robinson,  Thos. 
A.  Willis,  James  M.  Thompson. 

1869-^ame  as  1868. 

1870 — James  R.  Wheatly,  James  M.  Thomson,  John  Tubman,  John  R. 
Cook,  Isaac  W.  Lowe. 

1 87 1 — The  same  as  1870. 

1872 — ^James  R.  Wheatly,  Samuel  Higgins,  Charles  Lake. 

1873 — Same  as  1872. 

1S74 — Kendall  M.  Jacoks,  Charles  Lake,  William  Spedden. 

1875 — The  same  as  1874. 

1876 — Thomas  I.  Jones,  M.  S.  R.  Fooks,  John  T.  Hachett. 

1877 — The  same  as  1876. 

1878 — F.  B.  Clifton,  Thomas  I.  Jones,  William  W.  Mace. 

1879 — The  same  as  1878. 

1880 — Solomon  F.  Kirwan,  Levin  J.  Spicer,  Robert  B.  Spedden,  Nicho- 
las Wright,  Jos.  T.  Davis. 

1881 — ^The  same  as  1880. 

1882 — Uriah  Hurley,  James  F.  Wheatly,  Charles  H.  Seward,  John  W. 
Jones,   C.   C.   Fallin. 

1883 — The  same  as  1882. 


APPENDIX  443 

1884— R.  T.  Wright,  Jeremiah  Linthicum,  Edward  P.  Smith,  M.  D. 
Howeth,  James  M.  Andrews.  • 

1885 — The  same  as  1884. 

1886 — Levin  A.  Insley,  Jeremiah  Linthicum,  Edward  P.  Smith,  Daniel  J. 
Vickers,  William  F.  Snow. 

1888 — Levin  A.  Insley,  Wm.  J.  Payne,  Samuel  A.  Lawson,  Jas.  N.  Sher- 
man, Jere.  L.  Creighton. 

1890 — Wm.  J.  Payne,  Jas.  N.  Sherman,  Samuel  A.  Lawson,  Irvin  M. 
Langrell,  Jos.  W.  Brooks. 

1892 — Jos.  W.  Brooks,  M.  D.  Howeth,  Wm.  E.  Davis,  Jos.  B.  Andrews, 
Thos.  R.  Hubbard. 

1894 — ^J.  Wilson  Dail,  Francis  E.  Loomis,  John  M.  Colston. 

1896 — ^J.  Wilson  Dail,  Francis  E.  Loomis,  Rufus  F.  Noble. 

1898— J.  Wilson  Dail,  Rufus  F.  Noble,  Jno.  W.  T.  Webb. 

1900— Geo.  W.  Woolford,  Rufus  F.  Noble,  John  W.  T.  Webb. 

1901-02— James  C.  Leonard,*  John  W.  T.  Webb,  W.  Richard  Thomas, 
Geo.  W.  Woolford. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOL  COMMISSIONERS. 

1723 — Rev.  Thomas  Howell,  Col.  Roger  Woolford,  Major  Henry  Ennalls, 
Capt.  John  Rider,  Capt.  Henry  Hooper,  Capt.  John  Hudson,  Govert 
Lockerman,  Parish  Schools. 

1845 — James  Thompson,  Arthur  Bell,  James  Dixon,  John  C.  Henry. 

1857 — Daniel  M.  Henry,  R  F.  Smithers,  Robert  Williams,  Josiah  Bayly, 
Wm.  Stewart,  of  J.,  Barzilla  Slacum,  William  Creighton,  Treasurer. 

Sept.  1865 — Dr.  R  F.  Smithers,  President  of  Board;  Travers  Spicer, 
John  E.  Graham,  John  G.  Robinson,  Robert  F.  Thompson,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer. 

Feb.,  1867 — Dr.  James  L.  Bryan,  President  of  Board;  Daniel  J.  Wad- 
dell,  Jno.  G.  Robinson,  Travers  Spicer,  John  E.  Graham,  Joseph  E. 
Muse,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

April,  1868 — Risdon  J.  L.  Smith,  Dr.  John  E.  Hooper,  Daniel  J. 
Waddell,  Thos.  H.  Keene,  Charles  Lake,  John  Tubman,  Levin  Jones, 
Robert  B.  Spedden,  William  W.  Mace,  Firmer  B.  Clifton,  Dr.  Wm.  D. 
Noble.  Edwin  Dashiell,  Kendal  B.  Parsons,  appointed  by  Judges  of  the 
Circuit  Court. 

Aug.,  1869 — Edward  R.  Goslin,  in  place  of  Dr.  W.  D.  Noble. 

March,  iS/o—Wm.  W.  Mace.  President  of  Board;  Risdon  J.  L.  Smith, 

Levin  Jones,  Cannon,  Dr.  Eugene  Hodson,  Thos.  H.  Keene,  Chas. 

Lake, Meekins,  Dr.  Geo.  P.  Jones,  Dr.  Geo.  L.  Hicks, Marshall, 

Edwin  Dashiell,  Edward  R.  Goslin. 

Jan.,  1872 — Dr.  Eugene  Hodson,  President;  Dr.  Geo.  L.  Hicks,  John 
Tubman. 


'Leonard  unseated  by  contest  before  the  Court.  Geo.  W.  Woolford  seated. 


444  APPENDIX 

Jan.,  1874— Dr.  Geo.  L.  Hicks,  President;  Jas.  R.  Wheatley,  John  Tub- 
man. * 

Feb.,  1876 — ^The  same  Board. 

Jan.,  1878— Levi  D.  Travers,  President ;  Dr.  R.  J.  Price,  Edwin  Dashiell. 

Jan.,  1882— Travers,  Price,  Dashiell,  Jno.  N.  Wright,  Wm.  W.  Mace. 

Feb.,  1884 — The  same  Board. 

Jan.,  1886— The  same  Board. 

Jan.,  1888 — The  same  Board. 

Jan.,  1890— The  same  Board. 

Jan.,  1891 — Wm.  W.  Mace,  Mace  resigned;  John  M.  Colston,  Colston 
appointed  to  fill  vacancy. 

Jan.,  1892 — Edwin  Dashiell,  Jno.  M.  Colston,  Wm.  G.  Smith,  Irvin  M. 
Langrall,  James  M.  Robertson. 

Aug.,  1892 — New  Board— Geo.  W.  Woolford,  Jas.  M.  Robertson,  Irvin 
M.  Langrall. 

July,  1894 — Robinson,  Zora  H.  Brinsfield,  Robinson  resigned,  Brins- 
field  appointed  to  fill  vacancy. 

Aug.,  1896 — Wm.  L.  Rhoder,  Rhoder  appointed  in  the  place  of  Brinsfield 
by  Governor. 

Aug.,  1898 — Martin  J.  Perkins,  Wm.  L.  Rhodes,  Irvin  M.  Langrall, 
appointed  by  Governor  of  the  State. 

1900 — New  Board — ^Jno.  G.  Mills,  Wm.  G.  Smith,  Jas.  M.  Sherman, 
Irvin  M.  Langrall,  M.  J.  Perkins,  Geo.  C.  Insley,  appointed  by  the  Governor 
of  the  State. 

1902 — The  same  Board  continues,  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State. 


U.  S.  SENATORS  FROM  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

1789-97— John    Henry. 

1813-16— Robert  H.  Goldsborough. 

1837-41 — ^John  S.  Spence. 

Thomas  Hoi li day  Hicks,  appointed  U.  S.  Senator  by  Governor  Bradford 
in  1863;  his  appointment  was  ratified  by  the  Legislature  at  the  session 
of  1864. 

U.  S.  CONGRESSMEN  FROM  DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

December,  1777 — ^John  Henry. 

1785-88— John  Henry. 

1806-12- 18— Charles  Goldsborough. 

1855-59— James  A.  Stewart. 

1876-80— Daniel  M.  Henry. 

1894 — W.  Laird  Henry. 

1900-01 — ^Josiah  L.  Kerr,  one  session. 


APPENDIX  445 

POSTOFFICES  AND  POSTMASTERS  IN  DORCHESTER 

COUNTY  IN  1902. 

Aireys  Z.  H.  Mowbray. 

Applegarth James  Ruark. 

Bestpitch J.  B.  Wall. 

Bishop's  Head Fred  E.  Ruark. 

Brookview     Daniel  J.  Murphy. 

Bucktown Samuel  Smith. 

Cabin  Creek  Abolished. 

Cambridge S.  M.  Moore. 

Church  Creek Wm.  Stewart. 

Cokeland L.  J.  Lankford. 

Cornersville J.  Beckwith. 

Crapo James  E.  Andrews. 

Crocheron  Eugene  Crocheron. 

Dailsville    Abolished. 

Drawbridge  Mrs.  Margaret  Henry. 

East  New  Market Miss  Geogie  Melvin. 

Eldorado Mrs.  Linda  Stack. 

Elliott   Alonza  Moore. 

Ellwood Jno.  Richards. 

Finchville J.  T.  Wheatley. 

Fishing  Creek  M.  E.  Tolley. 

Galestown  Samuel  Collins. 

Gluckheim  

Golden  Hill Jno.  A.  Dunnock. 

Harrison   AboHshed. 

Hawkeye Abolished. 

Hills  Point S.  F.  Spedden. 

Holland's  Island Ollie  A.  Evans. 

Hoopersville Wm.  H.  Dean. 

Hudson A.  T.  Barnes. 

Hurlock Wm.  H.  Stevens. 

James H.  P.  Spedden. 

Lakesville Melissie  E.  Insley. 

Linkwood  F.  H.  Vincent. 

Lloyds  Jno.  Wright. 

Madison Wm.  W.  Harrington. 

Mount  Holly Abolished. 

Reed's  Grove Jackson. 

Reliance  Mathe w  Smith. 

Rhodesdale Geo.  W.  Murphy. 

Salem  Chas.  Brohawn. 

Secretary Cad.  Howard. 


446 


APPENDIX 


Taylor's  Island Edward  L.  Griffith. 

Thompsons W.  H.  Thomas. 

Toddville Wm.  L.  G.  Robinson. 

Vienna  Elias  McCallistcr. 

Walnut  Landing Abolished. 

Williamsburg Roland  T.  Anderson. 

Wingate Urim  G.  Wingate. 

Woolford Samuel  W.  Woolford. 

Wrights Geo.  H.  Applegarth. 


ROSTER  OF  VOLUNTEERS  FROM  DORCHESTER  COUNTY, 

IN  THE  FIRST  EASTERN  SHORE  REGIMENT  OF  INFANTRY 
MARYLAND  VOLUNTEERS,  ORGANIZED  AT  CAM- 
BRIDGE, MD..  IN  SEPTEMBER,  1861. 

FIELD  AND  STAFF  OFFICERS. 


NAME  AND  KANK. 


James  Wallace  Col. 

John  R.  Keene  Col. 

Francis  P.  Phelps,  Jr Surg. 

Granyille  B.  LeCompte Surg. 

Anthony  Manning.... Asst.  Surg. 


DATE     OP     MUSTER. 


Aug.  16,  '61 
Oct.  31,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  61 
Nov.  I,  *6i. 
April    I,    '63 


DATE  OF   DIS- 
CHARGE. 


Dec.   23,  '63 

Feb.   23,  '65 

Nov.  24,  '62. 

Dec   23.  '64 

Dec   23,  '64 


SBMASK8. 


COMPANY  A. 

COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 


NAME  AND   RANK. 


John  C.  Henry Capt. 

Thos.  H.  Cobum ist  Lieut. 

Cement  T.  Mowbray... 2d  Lieut 


DAiE     OP    MUSTER. 


Oct.  3,  *Ci.. 
Sept.  19,  *6i 
Oct.  3.  *6i... 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 


Oct.  23,  '62. 
Aug.  16,  *62 
Aug.   16,  '62 


EEMARK8. 


Discharged. 
Discharged. 
Discharged. 


ENLISTED  MEN. 


NAME  AND  RANK. 


Airey,  Andrew  Priv. 

Anthony,   Jno.    H Priv. 

Alexander,  Wm.  I Priv. 

Applegarth,   George   W Priv. 

Armstrong,  Wm Priv. 


DATE     OP     MUSTER. 


Sept.  19,  '61 

Sept.  19,  *6x 

Sept.  19,  '61 

Sept.  19,  '61 

Sept  19,  '64 


DATE  OF   DIS- 
CHARGE. 


Aug.  16,  '62 

Aug.  16,  '62 

Aug.  16,  '62 

Aug.  16,  '62 

June  15,  '65 


REMARKS. 


Transferred  Co.  D, 
nth  Md.  InL 


APPENDIX 
BnliHtd  Mtn-Conlinnld. 


Alkina,  Lcria  Fri*.  < 

Bamberier,  Joseph  H 

Bell,  LcTin  

Bcnnelt,  Hugh  C. 

Blida,  Oiai.  R 

Blades,  Cbas.   S 

Bolhun,  Lerin  W. 

Bradsbaw,  WiHiam  E.  S. 

Bromwell,  Wm.   Priv. 

Burlt.  Jaa.  H Friv. 

Catmon.  J»s.   E Priv. 

Cintwell,   Joi.    H Priv. 

Cliance,  Kobl.  A. Priv. 

Conaway,  Hobert  A... 

Cook.  Aaron  U Pri». 

Cook.  Babylon  A. Prii 

Cooper,  Jas.  H Pri- 

Comwrll,  John   S Pri- 

Cutnming«,  Cha..  W.  P.....Prii 

Cumniingi,  John  W.  K Pri. 

Dail,  George  W, Pri. 

Dill,  Levin  A. Prii 

Dail,  Levin  W Frit 

Dail,  Tho».  J Pri- 

Danielly    Henry  E. Prii 

Davis.  Ueo.   M Pri' 

lildgell,  Levi  S Prh 

EIHoH.  Geo.   W. Prit 

Fairbanks.   Joshua  M Pri- 

Ford,  GuMavas  L. Prii 

Ford.  John  T Prii 

Cieoghtgon.   Philemon  Priv. 

Haddaway.  Dan'l  .... 
Haddaway,  John  S.... 
Haddaway,  Wm.  H... 
fiarris     William   J,... 

Henrellie,  Ta.uicV^.'.'. 

Hodson.  Joa.  H 

Holland.   Rohl.   B 

HorseniM,.  Jenkin.  ... 

Howard,  Geo.   E 

Johnson,   Edw.   K 

Jon«,  William  

Keiier,   John   L 

Kirby.  Walter  M 

Lednum,    Dallas    

Lewis.  Noah  F 

Marshall.  Robl.  S 

Merrick.  Algernon  .... 
Merrick.  Lewis  W.... 


Sept.  I, 

Sept.  ai 
Sept.  It 


Sept,  19.  '61.. 
Oct.  3,  '61..., 
Oct,  3.  "61.,., 


Tranaferred  Beit 


448 


APPENDIX 


Enlisted  Men — Continued. 


NAMB  AND  KANK. 


MiUcr,  John  H Pnv. 

Moore,  John Priv. 

Mowbray,   Jno.    M Priv. 

Mowbray,   Orvillc  T Priv. 

Newton,  Wilbur  F Priv. 

North,   Chas.   E. Priv. 

Paul,  James  H Priv. 

Paul,  John  I Priv. 

Paul,  Leoni   Priv. 

Phillips,  Jas.   R. Priv. 

Richards,  John  H.  O Priv. 

Robinson,  Josiah  F Priv. 

Robinson,  Wm.  T ist  Sergt. 

Ross,   Henry  R Priv. 

Simms,   Robert  L Priv. 

Shehee,  John  H Priv. 

Shorter,   Hayland   Priv. 

Shorter,  John   Priv. 

Shorter,   Wm.    T Priv. 

Smith,  Jas.  M Priv. 

Smith,  Hooper  Priv. 

Smith,  Joseph  Priv. 

Snow,    Thomas   W Priv. 

Spedden,    Martin   L Priv. 

Spedden,  Wrightson  Priv. 

Stevens,  Thos.  W.  A. Priv. 

Stewart,  Chas.  E Priv. 

Straughn,  Jas.   W Priv. 

Sweed,   Wm.   B Priv. 

Sylvester,  Isaac  H Priv. 

Tarr.   Wm.    H Priv. 

Thomas,  Chas.   H Priv. 

Thomas,  John  Priv. 

Todd,  William  M Priv. 

Townsend,  Wm.  J Priv. 

Tucker,  Thos.   T Priv. 

Warren,  Jos.  W Priv. 

Way,    Chas.    H Priv. 

West,   Geo.    W Priv. 

Wherrett,  Thos.  H Priv. 

Winterbottom,  Harrison  T.   Priv. 
Woodrow,   Wm.  K Priv. 


DATE     OP     MUSTEK. 


Oct.     2,    '6l.. 

Sept.  27,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  '61. 
Sept.  27,  *6i. 
Oct.  14,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  *6i. 
Sept.  30,  '61. 
Sept.  21,  61.. 
Sept  19,  *6i. 
Sept.  19.  '61. 
Sept.  19,  '61. 
Oct.  2,  *6i... 
Sept.  19,  *6i. 
Oct.  28,  '61. 
Oct  21.  '61.. 
Oct  19.  '61.. 
Sept  19,  '61.. 
Sept  19,  *6i. 
Sept  19,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  *6i. 
Sept.  30,  '61. 
Sept  30,  *6i. 
Sept  19,  '61. 
Jan  II,  *62... 
Sept  19,  *6i. 
Oct  3,  '61... 
Oct  28,  '61.. 
Sept  19,  *6i. 
Sept  19,  '61., 
Nov.  22,  *64. 
Sept.  19,  '61. 
Oct  12,  *6i.. 
Oct.  3,  '61  .. 
Sept  28,  '61. 
Oct  22,  '61.. 
Sept.  27,  *6i. 
Sept  19.  '61. 
Sept  19,  '61. 
Sept.  19,  '61. 


DATE  OP  DIS- 
CHARGE. 


Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Oct 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


6,  *62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

9,  64. 

6,  *62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  *62. 

6,  *62. 

6,  '62, 

6,  '62. 
•6*... 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  *62. 

6.  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 


6,  *62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  *62. 

6,  *62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 


6,  '62. 
6,  '62. 
6,  *62. 


6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  *62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  *62. 

6,  '62. 

6,  '62. 


REMARKS. 


Transf.  N.  C.  Staff. 


See  Roster  Co.  B. 


Deserted  Aug.  i,  'da. 


Died  Mar.  aS,  '6a. 


No  further  record. 
A.  G.  O.  War  Dcpt. 


APPENDIX 


449 


COMPANY  B. 

COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 


MAICE  AND  RANK. 


John   E.    Graham Capt. 

William  T.   Robinson.. xst  Lieut 

Geo.  B.  Hart ist  Lieut 

John  W.    Conner 2d  Lieut 

Wm.   J.   Robinson 2d  Lieut 


DATS     OF     MUITER. 


Oct  4>  '6x.. 
Sept.  19,  *6i 

Sept.  20,  '6x 
April  18,  'da 
Oct.  4.  *6i.. 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 


Oct.  4.  '64... 
Oct.  4.  '64... 

April  10,  '62. 
Oct.  4,  *d4... 
April    10,   '62 


REMARKS. 


Ent'd  as  Sergt., 
promoted  to  Tit 

Lieut 
Reiiffned. 

Reiiffned. 


ENLISTED  MEN. 


NAME  AND  RANK. 


Adams,  Jas.  R.  W Corp. 

Andrews,  Isaac  T Priv. 

Andrews,   Robert   PriT. 

Ash,  Henry   Priv. 

Andrews,  Francis  £ Priv. 

Andrews,  Samuel   Priv. 

Bell,   Gustavas   Priv. 

Bramble,  Goodman  Priv. 

Bramble,    Levi    T Priv. 

Cannon,  Clement  C.  ..IstSergt. 
Chri  stopher,    Robi-  rt   R. . . .  Serg^. 

Cooper,   Henry   H Corp. 

Cannon,  Valentine  Priv. 

Cusick,   James  S Priv. 

Cannon,  Aaron  Priv. 

Daton,  Noah   Priv. 

Dean,    George   W Priv. 

Denny,  Jacob   Priv. 

Denny,  Wm.   A Priv. 

Dean,  William   Priv. 

Elliot,  John  W Priv. 

Fish,   Francis  M Mus. 

Fisher,  John   Priv. 

Fisher,   George    Priv. 

Fooks,  Nehemiah  Priv. 

» 

Hayward,  Asbury  S Serg^t. 

Harvey,  William   v-orp. 

Hardiean,   David    Corp. 


Oct  4,  *64.-. 
Oct  4,  '64.. . 
Oct  4.  *64... 
Hayman,  Jas.   H Corp.' Aug.   13,   '62 ;  June   15,   '65. 


DATE     OF     MUSTER. 


Sept  20,   '61. 

Oct.  I,   *6i.. 

Nov.  12,  *6i. 

Sept.  20,  '61. 
Oct.  5,  *6i... 
Oct  5,  '61... 

Sept.  20,  '61. 

Sept.  20,  '61. 

Sept.  20,  '61. 

Sept.  20,  '61. 

Sept.  29,  '61. 

Sept.  20,  '61. 

Sept.  79,  '61. 

Sept  20,  '61. 

Sept.  29,  '61. 
Oct.  4,  '61... 

Sept.  29,  '61. 

Sept.  29,  '61. 

Sept.  29,  '61. 
Oct  6.  '6i... 

Sept.  20,  '61. 

Nov.  14,  *62. 

Sept  ao,  '61. 

Sept  29,  '61. 

Aug.  13,  '62. 

Sept.  20,  *6i. 

Sept.  20,  '61. 

Sept.  20,  '61. 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct 


4.  '64. 
4.  '64. 
4,  '64. 


Oct  4.  '64. 


Oct 
Oct. 
Oct 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


4.  '64. 

4,  '64. 

4.  '64. 

4.  '64. 

4,  '64. 

4.  '64. 

4,  '64. 

4.  '64. 


Sept.   5.  '63. 


Oct 
Oct. 
June 
June 


4.  '64.. 
4.  '64.. 
27,  'da. 
IS.  '6s. 


Oct  4.  '64... 
Oct  4,  •64.-. 
June   IS,  '65. 


REMARKS. 


Died. 

Wounded  in  action. 
Deserted. 


Deserted 
Died. 

Died  May  4.  '64- 


Transferred  Co.  D, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co.  D, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co.  D, 
!    nth  Md.  Inf. 
!  Wounded  in  action. 


LMJ 


APPENDIX 
Enli3leJ  MM-Cmtimitd. 


""IZl'*' 

...... 

HayniM,  Jo..  J 

...PriT 

Aug.  .3.  ■«> 

Aug.  13,  '6. 

Aug.  16,  *6j 

J>"<  's-  -ej 

June  .J,   -ds 

May  IS.  •«! 

Traaaicrred  (.0.  D, 
tith  Hi.  Inf. 

Inganl,    Geo.    E 

...PH.. 

tilh  Hd.  Inf. 

Transferred  Co.  1). 

nth  Md.  Inf. 

Iniltr.   Muedlua  H.... 

...PriY. 

Aug.  17.  -to 

Sept.  to.  ■<! 

Sept  JO,  '61 

Sept.  ».  '61 

Not.  t,  ■«4 

Oct.  ♦,  '64 

Oct  4.  -64 

Oct  4.  ■&( 

nth  Md.  Inf. 

Imley.  John  H 

In.l.y,    J.m«    M 

...Pri». 

Jon«.    Wm.    P. 

..Sergt. 

Sept  to.  'Si 

Sept  w.  '6. 

Sept  ».  -6. 

Sept.  »,  -6. 

Sept  .».'6. 

Sept  ».  -6. 

Sept  >».  ■«. 

Oct.  4,  ■&, 

Oct  4,  -64 

Oct  4,  'fi4 

Oct  4,  '64 

Oct  *,  '64 

Oct  4.  '«4 

Oct  4.  •«4 

JohBion.  JohnT 

Johnton,  Kichird  H.... 
Kenner,   G».   D 

Lucnll.  Henrr  W 

Lingrell,  Job   

Hilli,   Joaeph   A 

Uilli,    J«me»    E. 

Mill..  John  R 

...PriT. 

".PriY. 
..PriT. 

..Sergt 

.'.'.PriT. 

Sept.  ».  *6. 

Sept.  ».  '«i 

Oct.  4.  'S4 

Oct  4.  -64 

Sept  ^  •&, 

Oct  4,  -44 

De«TtedJul7i.'6». 

Murphy    Ed»Kd 

Meridfih,   Amoi   

...PriT, 

...PriY. 

Sept.  «>,'6i 

Sept  »■•«. 

tept.  a>,  '61 

Oct  4.  '64 

Oct  4,  '64 

Oct.  4,  '«4 

Plummer,    Vwden    R... 

...Mul 

Dec  5,   *fii 

J""'!. '(is 

Trantferred  Co.  D, 
iilh  Md.  Inl. 

...PriT 

Sept  ».  •«. 

Sept  w.  ■«! 

Oct.  4.  '64 

Oct.  4.  '«4 

Priichett.   Edward  W... 

...PriY. 

K^bm™.  Wm,  -a.    ... 

-Sergt. 

Sept  »,  '61 

Uct.  J.  '61 

Ang.   13,  -6. 

Sept  w.  ■«! 

Sept.  ».    «i 

Sept.  »    '6. 

Sept.  »,  '61 

Sept  ».  -di 

Sept.  V.  •<! 

Sept  18.  ■«. 

Oct  4,  '6* 

Oct.  4,  ■&* 

Juno  ij. 'ft 

Oct  4,  '64 

Oct  4.  'fit 

Oct.  4.  'fit 

Oct.  4.  '64 

Oct.  4.  "64 

Oct  4.  'U 

J«ne.j.'«j 

Robinnn.  John  

...PriT- 

nth  Hd.  Int. 

Ttob<n»n.  J>m»  K.  P. 

...PriY. 

Roil.   Le»lo  W 

...PriY. 

Band. 

APPENDIX 


451 


Enlisted  Men^ Continued. 


NAME  AND  KANK. 


Stewart,   Wm.    T Corp. 

Stephens,    George    . . .  .Teamster. 

Smith.    Wm.    H Priv. 

Stewart,    Thos.    J Priv. 

Sinclair,   Chas.   F Priv. 

Tall,  Joseph  A Prir. 

Todd,   Levin    Priv. 

Taylor,    Samuel    Priv. 

Truitt,   Robert    Priv. 

Todd,   Henry  W Priv. 

Todd,  Jacob  W Priv. 

Todd,  Albert  Priv. 

Willey,   George  W Corp. 

Willey,    Henry  T Priv. 

Willey,   Robert  W Priv. 

Woodland,   John    H Priv. 

Willey,    Solomon    Priv. 

Woodland,   Solomon   W Priv. 

Willey,   Henry   Priv. 

Willey,   Peter   Priv. 

Willey,    Goodman    Priv. 

Wonderley,    John    Priv 

Willey,    Uriah    A Priv. 

Wingate,    Gilbert    B Priv. 


DATE     OF     MUSTER. 


Oct.    31, 

May   10, 

Sept.  JO, 
Aug.  27, 
Sept.  ap, 
Sept.  39, 
Sept.  ap, 
Aug.  30, 


Sept. 

Sept. 

c>ept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept 

Sept 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Sept. 


20, 
ao, 
20, 
20, 
ao, 
ao, 
«), 
ao, 
20, 
ao» 
20, 
20, 

II. 
I,  '61 

27, 
20, 


61. 

da. 

61. 
62. 
61. 
61. 
61. 
62. 


61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 
61.. 


61. 


da. 
61. 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHAKGB. 


July 

Mar. 

Oct. 

June 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

June 

Oct. 
Oct. 


17.  '65. 
8.  'ds.. 


4,  '64.. 
IS,  'ds. 
4.  •d4.. 
4.  '64.. 
4.  •d4.. 

15. 'ds. 


4.  'd4. 
4.  '64. 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


4.  •d4. 
4,  '64. 
4.  •d4. 


Oct, 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


4.  •d4. 

4.  'd4. 

4.  'd4. 

4.  'd4. 

4,  '64. 

4.  '64. 

4.  'd4. 


KEMAKK8. 


Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

D,  nth  Md.  Inf. 
Transferred  Co.  E, 

nth  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co.  E, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 


Deserted. 


Died,  Not.  8,  'dj. 


Deserted,  June  27,  'dj. 
Deserted. 


COMPANY  C. 


COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 


NAME  AND  EANK. 


John  R.  Keene Capt. 

John   E.    Rastall Capt. 

Willam    R.  Tall ist  Lieut. 

Wm.   A.    Bailey xst  Lieut. 

Wm.    H.    Willis 2d  Lieut. 


DATE     OF     MUSTER. 


Oct.  31,  'dl. 

Sept.  21,  'di 
Sept.  I,  'di. 
Oct.  31,  'di. 

Sept.  I,  *di. 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 

Feb.  23,  *6s^,,. 

Oct.  31,  'd4.... 
Oct.  xd,  'd3.... 
Oct  31,  *d4.... 

Nov.  2,  'd4. 


REMARKS. 


See  Roster,  Field 
and  Sta£F. 

Out  of  service. 
Ent'd  as  ad  Lieut 

promoted  1st 

Lieut  Dec  8,  'd3. 
Ent'd  as   Priv., 

promoted  Sergt. 

ad  Lieut.  Jan. 


452 


APPENDIX 


ENLISTED  MEN. 


MAICE  AND   KAMK. 


Arnold,    Samuel    A Priv. 

Abbott,  Wm.  W Prir. 

Adams,    Levin    Priv. 

Bennet,  Jas.   H Sergt. 

Bennett,    Henry    R Prir. 

Brohawn,    Wm.   E Priv. 

Btirton,  William   Priv. 

Benny,   Francis  T Priv. 

Bailey,  John  R Mus. 

Busick,  Jas.   S.   R Priv. 

Brannock,    Jas.    B Priv. 

Braerwood,  Mace   Priv. 

Bailey,    Oliver   A Priv. 

Booth,    Thos.    R Priv. 

Bell.    William   Priv. 

Bailey,  Wm.  C Priv. 

Collison,   Wm.  J Priv. 

Covington,   Isaac  N Priv. 

Craig,   Thos Priv. 

Creighton,  Wm.  H.,  of  W.Priv. 
Calender,  Henry  Priv. 

Collins,   Benj.   T Priv. 

Calandcr,  William  J Priv. 

Corkran,  John  J Priv. 

Creighton,   Wm.   H Priv. 

Campbell,  James Priv. 

Craig.  William  F Priv. 

Christopher,   S.    A Sergt. 

Cooper,  Samuel  J Corp. 

Dunnock,   Levin   T Priv. 

Ellis,    William    G Priv. 

Frecland,    John    T Priv. 

Frazier,  William  Priv. 

Gray,    James    T Priv. 

Hay  ward,  Jos.  W Priv. 

Howeth,    Henry  C Priv. 


DATE     OF     MUSTEK. 


Oct.  31.  '61. 


Oct.  3i»  *^i' 
Oct.  31,  '61. 
Oct.  31,  '61, 


Oct.  31,  '61^, 


Oct.  31,  'fix. 
Oct.  31,  *6i. 
Oct.  31,  '61. 
Oct.  i9>  *64- 


Oct.  31,  '61 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Oct.  3i»  '6> 

Mar.  23,  '62 .1 


Oct.  31,  *6i. 
Oct.  3«.  *^»- 
Oct.  31,  *6i. 
Oct.  31,  '61, 
Nov.  4,  *62. 


Oct.  31.  *6i 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

Oct.  I,  *d4 


Oct.  31.  *6i. 


Oct.  31,  *6i.. 

Oct.  31,  '61.. 

Oct.  31.  '61.. 

Oct.  31,  *6i., 

Oct.  31,  *6i.. 


Oct.  31,  '61. 

Oct.  31,  '6x. 

Oct.  31,  *6i. 

Oct.  31,  *6i. 


Sept.  26,  '61. 
Oct.  31,  *6i., 
Oct.  31,  '61.. 
Oct.  31,  '61., 
Oct.  31,  '61.. 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 


July  17,  '65.. 
July  17,  '65.. 
July  17,  '65.. 
July  17,  '65.. 
July  17,  '65.. 
June  xs>  *6S' 


Oct.  31,  '64. 
Oct.  31.  '64. 
Oct.  31,  '64. 
Mar.  24,  '65. 


Mar.  3,  '62.. 
June  6,  *62. 
April  8,  '63. 
Oct.  31,  '64. 
June  xs,  '65. 

Oct.  31.  '64- 
Oct.  3X,  '64. 
June  15,  '65. 


Nov.  27,  '64.  < 


Oct.  31,  '64. 


July  17,  '65. 


Oct.  31,  '64. 
Oct.  31,  *64. 
Oct.  31,  '64. 
July  X7,  '65.. 


Oct.  31,  '64. 


Oct.  31,  '64. 
Oct.  3X,  '64. 
Dec.  8,  '64.. 


KSMARKS. 


Killed  in  action. 

Gettysburg,  Pa., 

July  x8.  '63. 
Deserted. 
Deserted. 
Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

E,  xxth  Md.  Inf. 
Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

E,  xxth  Md.  Inf. 
Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

£,  nth  Md.  Inf. 
Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

E,  xxth  Md.  Inf. 
Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

E,  xxth  Md.  Inf. 
Transfered  Co.  F, 

xxth  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co.  E, 
xxth  Md.  inf. 


Transferred  Co.  E, 
xxth  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co. 

E,  nth  Md.  Inf. 
Transferred  Co.  I, 

xxth  Md.  Inf. 
Died,  June  15,  '64 

Died,  Oct.  15,  *62. 
Deserted. 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 
E,  xxth  Md.  Inf. 


Vet.  Transfered  Co. 
E,  xith  Md.  Inf. 

Died. 


Transferred  Co    I. 


APPENDIX 


453 


Enlisted  Men-^  Continued. 


MAICE  AND  RANK. 


Hobbs.   Elijah   B Prir. 

Hurley,    Wm.    C Priv. 

Hopkins,  John  W Priv. 

Harrii,   George    Priv. 

Hurley,  James  Priv. 

Hill,   Thomas   Priv. 

Harrington,  Wol  Priv. 

Harper,  Joseph  Priv. 

Harrington,    Rich.    S Priv. 

Hooper,   John  W Corp. 

I 

Hill,  William  J Priv.' 


Horner,  George  W Priv. 

Jones,    Jeremiah    Corp. 

Johnson,    Horace    F Priv. 

Kinney,  Oliver  J Priv. 

Kinnamon,    Wm Priv. 

Kemble,    Tabert    B Priv. 


Kinney,   John   T Priv. 

Laramore,   John   R Priv. 

Lambdin,   Daniel   B Sergt. 

Lambdin,  Thomas  R Priv. 

Lambdin,  Jos.    E Priv. 

Laporte,   Charles  St.  John. Priv. 
Maguire,   John   W Priv. 

McMullin,    Wm Priv. 

Meekins,    Henry   C Priv. 

Magraw,    Josiah    Priv. 

Moffatt,    G.    Stanley Priv. 

Moore,    Thomas    Priv. 

Moore,  James  W Priv. 

Meekins,  John  R Priv. 

McCottcr,    Wm.    H Priv. 

Moore,  Hiram  W Priv. 

Moore.  John  J Priv. 

Mcdford,    Seldon    P Priv. 


DATE     OF     ICUSTia. 

DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHAKGB. 

KEMARKS. 

Sept.  30»  'd4 

June  IS,  *€ii 

Transferred  Co.  F, 
xith  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  '6x 

Died. 

Oct.  XX.  *6i 

Died. 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

• tf .........  .. 

Deserted. 

Oct.     31,      '61 4 

Deserted. 

Oct,  31,  *6i 

Deserted. 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

July  17. '65 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 
E,  nth  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

July  X7,  '65 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 
E,  xith  Md.  Inf. 

July   6,   '61 

July  X7.  '6s 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 
F,  iith  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.   31,   '6x 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 
E,  xith  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.   31,   *6i 

Nov.  28,  '64. 

Woun'd  in  act,  July, 
63,  Gettysburg,  Pa., 
transf.  V.  R.  C. 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Mar.  31,  '63 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

Oct.  31,  *d4 

Oct.  31,  •6x 

Oct.  31.  '64 

July  22,  *6i 

July  X7. '65 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 
F,  ad  Md.  Inf. 

Oct  31,  *6i 

Oct.  31.  'd4 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

Oct.  31,  '64 

On  War  Dept 
Roll  as  Talbert 
B.  Kimble. 

Oct.  11.  *6x 

Deserted. 

Aug.  8,  *6i 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

F,  xith  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Oct.  31,  '64 

Nov.   3,   62 

June  xs,  *(^ 

Transferred  Co.  E, 
xith  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.   3,   *6i 

June  IS,  '65 

Transferred  Co.  F, 
xxth  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Nov.  ax,  *6i 

Aug.  6,  '61 

July  17,  '6s 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 
F,  nth  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  *6x 

Vet.  Transferred  Co. 

F,  ixthMd.  Inf. 

Nov.  16,  'da 

June  IS,  •6s 

Transferred  Co.  F, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

Oct.  31,  '64 

Oct.  31,  *6i 

Oct.  31,  '64 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Oct.  31.  '64 

Oct.    31,    '6x 

Oct.  31,  '64 

Oct.  X,  'd4 

June  IS,  *^l 

Transferred  Co.  F, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Oct.  31,  '64 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Oct.  31,  '64 

Oct.  31,  *6f 

Died. 

Oct.  31.  *6i 

Died. 

APPENDIX 
Emliurd  Mt 


i 

"ZllT 

Midkin.  Lerin  L Pri. 

Parker,   John    H.   S Corp 

DcHTted. 

Oct.  31,  ■«. 

SepL  9.  -fc 

Oct  3..  -61 

Oct.  31.  ■«■ 

Oct  31!  -tfl! 

Oct  Ji.  ■«. 

O"-  J'.  ■«■ 

Oct  IS,  -ta 

Oct  31.  ■&» 

JonciS-'es 

0«.31.  ■«4 

Oct  31.  ■<4 

Oct  31,  -i* 

Oct  31.  -64 

Oct  3i.  ■fi4 

J™c'S, -65 

nth  Hd.  InL 
See  Ro«er  N.  C. 
Staff. 

nth  Ud.  Inf. 

RicharduB.    «m.   C Corp 

Ricbardna.  Oliver  S Corp. 

R*>leich.   Rooert  W PriT. 

Rictaaidaoo.  Henry  K.  W..rrir 

tilh  Md.  Inf. 
tith  Md.  Inf. 

OeL  31.  •*! 

Oct  31,  -Si 

Joly  17.  '63. 

J»lji7,  -65. 

E.  nth  Md.  Inf. 
Vel.  Tranifeired  Co. 

E.  oth  Md.  Inf. 
Vet  Traniierred  Co. 

E.iithMd.lDL 

Died. 

Tr»n»ferred  Co.  I. 
Died. 

E.iiihMd.InL 

Died.  Ang.  »7.  'fts 

On  War  Dept 

RoU>>*Sam-|J. 

DcMrted. 
Dewned. 

Vet.  Tianiferred  Co. 
E,  uth  Hd.  Inf. 

Smilta,  Jw,«  H Sergt, 

Staenlan,  William  Prin 

OCT.  31,  '<r 

Oct-  3'.  '*' 

Oct.  3',  '<4 

Oct  31.  -64 

Oct.  31,  ■«! 

Not.  II.  '64 

Oct.  31.  ■«■ 

J"lT  «,  ■«» 

Thom«m.  Samoel  T Corp. 

Oct.  )i.  '61 

Oct.  31.  '61 

Oct  3-.  -6. 

Oct  31,  ■«* 

Thoou^  Tliomas  Priv 

Oct  31,  '61 

Oct.  3t.  'Si 

J"lr '?,■«! 

Mar.   3.   -H 

Wiliiami.   Thot  J PriT 

Waller.   JJanion  J PriT. 

Oct.  31.  '61 

Oct.  3'.  •«■ 

Get.  31.  "ft 

Oct  31.  ■«. 

MaTa6,-6, 

June  6.   -Sj 

J"!ti7. -es. 

J1JT17,  '6S. 

Vet  Transferred  Co. 

E.  iKMd  I 
Vet.  Tnin,(rTrtd  Co- 

E,.uhMJ.lnI. 
Vet.  TrinMcrrtdCo. 

E.  i.thMd.Irif. 
De«tltd,  May  jt.  "(U. 

Weill.   Da.id    Priv 

Whitby,  Edw'd   L PriT. 

APPENDIX 


455 


Enlisted  Men — Continued. 


NAME  AND  RANK. 

W  oolf ord,    J  o»eph    

..Priv. 

Webb.   James   F 

..Priv 

White,  Ebencz?r  

..Priv 

White,    Levin    J 

..Priv 

Wallace,   J.    Robert 

..Priv. 

DATE     OP     MUSTEK. 

DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 

KKMARKS. 

Oct.  31*    61 

Sept  ai,  '64 

Wounded  in  action 
July,  '63,  Gcttysbu 
Pa.,  transferred 
to  V.  R.  C. 

Oct.  31.  '61 

Oct.  31,  '64 

Sept.  ap,  da 

June  IS,  '65 

Transferred  Co.  £, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 

Sept.  ap,  62 

June  IS.  *6s 

Transferred  Co.  E. 
nth  Md.  Inf. 

Oct.  31,  '61 

Died. 

COMPANY  G. 

In  Company  "G."  recruited  in  Caroline  County,  at  FederalsburR.  a  number  of  men 
enlisted  from  Dorchester  County.  Their  names  are  here  given.  This  symbol  (^)  indicates 
recruits  enlisted  from  Caroline  County. 

COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 


NAME  AND  RANK. 


*  William  R.   Watkins Capt. 

*L.    Shanley    Davis.... ist  Lieut. 
J.  E.  Mobray ad  Lieut 


DATE     OF     MUSTER. 


Oct  31,  *6i 
Oct.  31,  *6\ 
Oct  31,  *6i 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 


Dec.  23,  '6s 
Dec.  a3,  '65 
Dec.  a3,  *6s 


REMARKS. 


ENLISTED  MEN. 


NAME  AND  RANK. 


Daniel  W.  Moore ist  Sergt. 

*  Joseph  T.  Kenney ad  Sergt 

Alcaid  N.  Flowers 3d  Sergt. 

•William  W.  Keys 4th  Sergt. 

William  G.  Wheat  ley.  5th  Sergt. 

James  W.    Davis Corp. 

•William   H.   Alburgcr Corp. 

Isaac    W.    Andrew Corp. 

•Levin   W.   Cohee Corp. 

*Charles  M.   Davis Corp. 

*Govey    Payne    Corp. 

Jacob  T.    Mowbray Mus. 

John  W.  Payne Mus. 

John  H.  Stokes Teamster. 

•Andrew    2Uichariah    Priv. 

•Andrew,  Wm.  E Priv. 

^Banning,   Asbury   Priv. 


DATE     OF     MUSTER. 


Oct. 
Oct 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct 
Oct. 
Oct 
Oct 
Oct 


31,  '61. 

31.  '61. 

31.  '6i. 

31.  '61. 

31.  '61. 

31.  '61. 

31.  '61. 

31.  '61. 

31.  '61. 

31.  '61  ■ 

31.  '6x- 

3i»  '61. 

31.  '61. 


July  6,    1861. 


Oct  31,  '61. 
Oct  ao,  *6a. 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CBARGE. 


Dec  a3,  '65. 

Dec.  a3,  '65. 

Dec  33,  05. 

Dec.  a3,  '65. 


Dec  33,  '65. 
Dec.  a3,  '65 . 
uec  2Z,  '65. 
Dec.  a3,  '65. 


Dec  a3,  '65. 
Dec.  a3,  '65. 


July  17,  '65. 


Dec.  a3,  '64. 
June  IS,  '65. 


REMARKS. 


Transferred  Co.  F, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 

Transferred  Co.  F, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 


456 


APPENDIX 

EilitUa  Mm—ConliKMid. 


..PriT. 


Pri». 


Pri*. 


Pri*. 


■PriT. 


'Binnlin,  Wm.  H.. 
BeniliDS,  Alex.  E... 

*Cohee,  HitcheU  H.. 
Corkno,  Wm.  E.... 
CUTOU,   JoliD   W.... 

CotUwa,  LcTia  R.. 
Charles,  Eiddel  A.. 
Cockru.  SjrduhuB. 
Corknn.  Wm.  J.... 
■ColiliU,    June*    C 

Cunper,  Wn,   H... 

Da*U,  Solomon  C. 
Dixon,  Ccoisc  S... 
Emmetieh,  John  W 
Plowcn,  Weiler  ... 
•Fleetwood.  Wm.  W. 
Cnj,   Wm.    S. 

Griffith,  John  S 

Hirt,  ^lUius  T.... 

Hin,  Jer 

Hinea,  J»m« 
InilcT.  Ehjih 

*Jena,  John  F Prli 

*]eMer,  Jiroet  A Prii 

']a*tx.  Hark  A Prii 

Jennioft.  John  J Prii 

Joatt,   Charlea  W Prii 

Uoyd,  Jacob  W  Pii. 

Llojrd,  Ednrd    Prii 

Llojd,  Thomaa  F Prii 

Lowe.    William    T Prii 

Lowe,  Uarrel   R. Prii 

IjnMord,    DlTid    E Prii 

*Lewi>,  Noah  F Prii 

HaOor,   John   W Prii 

Uoon,   Charic*   F Prii 

i-iillican.   Jamc*    Prii 


Pri*. 


Oct  3i|  "ft.. 
Oct  3".  ■*>■■ 


April  4,  *fij... 

April  4.  "ftl--. 

July   6,   "61... 

Oct  ji,  *6i... 
Oct  11,  '6t... 


AuK.   tS    'Si.. 


Aug,  ao.  '64- ■ 


j™  IS.  •H-. 

June  .J.  ■«!... 
June  ij.  -H.- 
Dec  ij,  '64.  " 


Doc.  J3,  '««■■■ 


April  II,  '6s... 
Dee.  Mi.'U-- 
Jnne  is.  'Ss  -- 


Jnna  : 


Dec  u.  '44..-. 
June  .5.  '«s... 
Dec.  ai'6,.-... 
Dec.  13.  'fi4.... 
Dec.  13.  '«4-.-. 

Dec  23,  '64.... 
July  17.  '6s..... 


nnifcrted  Co.  I 
tlhMd.  Inf. 

nnilcrtedCo.  I 
nh  Md.  lof. 

ranifened  Co.  I 

iith  Ud.  InL 


Traaiferred  Co.  F, 
itth  Md.  lot 

Traniferred  Co.  F, 
nth  Ud.  Inf. 

Deurted. 


Traniferred  Co.  F, 
nth  Md.  lot 

Tnniferred  Co.  F, 
nth  Md.  laf. 

Traaiferred  Co.  P, 
iiih  Md.  Inf. 


Died.  April  17.  '64. 

Tnniferred  Co.  F, 

iilh  Md.  Inf. 


AccidentallT  drowned. 


APPENDIX 


457 


Enlisted  Men—'CoHiiHued, 


HAMS  AND  KANK. 


Milman,    Elijah    S Priv. 

McCullough,  John  Priv. 

McColister,   Bcnj Priv. 

Marine,  Matthew  F Priv. 

Malloy,  John  W Priv. 

Neal,   Cyruf    Priv. 

Pattiion,    John    Priv. 

Payne,    Wm.    J Priv. 

Poimdon,   Robert  Priv. 

Randolph,  John  W Priv. 

Stoket,  George  W Priv. 

Smith,    Charlsb    F Priv. 

Smii^,   Levin    Priv. 

Smith,   Benj.   C Priv. 

*Suth«rland,  John  W Priv. 

Thomas,    T.    H Priv. 

•Trice,    John    H Priv. 

Tniitt,  Benjamin  Priv. 

TuU,   Jonn    W Priv. 

Williami,  J.    H Priv. 

WilUama,  W.   H Priv. 

Williami,  Thomai  F Priv. 

•White,  Henry  Priv. 

•Wright,    T.    N Priv. 

Wright,    Samuel    J Priv. 

WheaUey,   E.   H Priv. 

Wheatley,  Wm.  G Priv. 


DATS     OF     MUSTIft. 


Aug.  as,  '6i. 


Oct.  31,  *6i.. 
Aug.  33,  '61. 
Oct.  17,  'da.. 


Oct.  31,  '6x. 
Aug.  8,  '61.. 
Aug.  8,  '61  •• 


Oct.  31.  '61.. 

Oct.  a7,  '^.. 

Oct.  31,  '6x.. 

oct.  31,    '61. 

Oct.  17,  '64.. 


Oct.  31,  *6i. 
Oct.  aa,  da. 


Oct  3x»  '^«» 
Oct  31,  '61. 
Oct  31,  *6x. 
Mar.  30,  '64. 


Oct.  17,  'da. 


Oct.  31,  *di., 

Oct  31,  'dx., 

Oct.  31,  'di., 

Oct  31,   *di. 


Oct.  10,  *62. 


Oct    17,   *62. 


DATE  OF  DIS- 
CHARGE. 


July  X7,  'ds. 


Dec.  a3,  *6^., 
July  X7,  'ds.. 
June  15,  'ds. 


June  15,  'ds. 
July  17,  *6s..> 


Dec  as>  'd4* 
June  IS,  *6s. 


June  IS,  'ds. 
June  IS,  *6S" 


July  X7,  *6s. 
July  17,  'ds. 


June 

Dee.  a3f  '64. 
Dec.  a3,  '64. 
May  30.  'd4. 

June  IS,  'ds. 


Dec.  as,  'd4. 
Dec  a3,  'd4. 
Dec.  a3,  'd4. 


June  IS,  *6S' 
June  IS,  *6S' 


KEMAEKS. 


Transferred  Co.  F, 
ixth  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co.  F, 
xith  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co.  F, 
xith  Md.  Inf. 


Deserted. 

Transferred  Co.  G, 
xith  Md.  Inf. 

Transferred  Co.  G, 
nth  Md.  Inf. 

Transferred  Co.  G, 
xith  Md.  Inf. 


Transferred  Co.  G, 

iith  Md.  Inf. 
Transferred  nth  Md. 

Inf. 
Died  Dec.  a4,  'd3 


Transferred  Co.  G, 
xxth  Md.  Inf. 

Transferred,  nth 
Md.  Inf. 


INDEX. 


A. 

Aaron,  John,  13a. 
Abacoes,  32,  57,  171. 
Accomac  County,  181. 
Adams,   David,  216. 

Capt.  Minos.  100,  252. 

John   Q.,  149. 

,  146. 

Rt.  Rev.  Wm.  Forbes,  113- 
Addition  to  Outlet  Pasture,  329,  330, 

to  Fort  Neck,  331. 
Ahatchwhoops,    171,   174. 
Aheme,  Philip,  44. 
Aircy,  Henry,  00,  120,  121. 

Thomas   Hill,  133*  ^70. 

Ensi^  John  Pitt,  203. 

Family,  270. 

Rev.  Thomas,  270. 

Louisa,  271. 
Aireys,   00. 
Akers,  Daniel,  163. 
Alabama,  261. 
Albeck,   Philip,  254. 
Alford,  John,  43,  59. 
Algonquin  Family,  170. 
Altham,  John,  21. 
America,  15,  16,  118,  133,  300. 
American   Commissioners,  395. 

Independence,  214. 

Party,  155,  312. 
Amotoukhquan,  174. 
Amsterdam,  38. 
Anatchcoin,  37. 
Anderson,  Thos.  W,,  271. 

John,  no,  241. 

Curtis.  271. 

Wm.  C,  271. 
Anderton,  Francis,  173. 
Andrews,  Wm.,  253. 
Andrew,  David,  93,  252. 

Capt.  Richard,  213,  219. 
Andres,  Governor,  48,  49. 
Anglo-Saxon,  267. 
Annamcssick,  243. 

Annapolis,  50,  97i   198,  I99>  200,  208,  209,  213, 
217,  2x8,  221.  247.  251,  25s,  274,  294,  303,  304, 
312,  333,  326,  367. 
Anne  Arundel,    187. 
Anti-Federalist,   145,   146. 
Antonine,  31,  361. 
Applegarth.   \Vrn.   F.,  115. 

Capt.    Nathaniel,    252.    253. 
Archives  of  Maryland,  361. 
Ark  of  Avalon,  14. 
Armitage,  57. 

Armstrong,  Francis,  31,  104. 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  259. 
Arundel,   Earl,   16. 


Asbury.  Francis,  118,  133,  271. 
Asbury  s  Journals,  134. 
Ascom's  Island,  203. 
Asheby,  29.^^ 

Ashquash,   Emperor,  174,   175. 
Assembly  of  Maryland,  99. 

Delegates,  413. 
Assistant   Court   Clerks,   440. 
Atlantic    Ocean,    36. 
Auld,  James,  343* 
Austin,  Col.  ueorge  E.,  76. 
Avalon,  14,  19,  33. 


Babcoes,  174. 
Bachelor's  Tax,  166. 
Bacon.  Anthony,  384. 

Rev.  Mr..  i;r3. 
Baggott,   Catherine,  55. 
Baker,  Julius,  74. 
Baltimore,    74,    75»    83.    85,    86,    88,   90,    1x4. 

118,  131.  i49>  180,  198,  215,  244*  240.  251,  259. 

270,  278,  304,  30s,  306,  312,  316,  327,  334,  339. 

341.   370- 
AmeruoHt  146. 

Conference,  131,  x8o. 

County,   278,    3^8. 
Banks,  Richard,  26, 
Bancroft,  18. 
Barbados,  293. 
Balligarane,  117. 
Barber,  Rev.  Theodore  P.,  326. 
Barge  "Fearnought,"  234. 

"Revenge  "  234. 

•'Terrible,*'  234. 

"  Intrepid,"  234. 
••Bam"  Island,  234. 
Barnes,  Wm.,  250. 
Barrett,  Louis  £.,  76. 

James  C,  77. 

Capt.   Lemuel,  200. 
Barrett's  Chapel,   118. 
Barren  Creek  Springs,  83. 
Baron  of  Baltimore,  14. 
Barton.  William   H.,   165. 
Bates,  Daniel  M.,  276. 
Bayley,  Josiah,  Jr.,  67,  68. 

A.  Hamilton,  263. 

Josiah,  147,  149. 
Bayne,   Rev.  Thomas,   no. 
Beaver  Dam  Range,  331. 
Beck.  Sarah,  98. 
Beckwith.  Henry.  45. 

Nehemiah,  234. 

Elizabeth,  365. 

Wm.  P.,  257. 
Bell,  John,  249. 


460 


Berkley.  Goveroor,  j6. 

Berlin.  308. 

Beihel  Alrican  M.  £.  Church,  1 

BUIinK..  jamei,  w.  M'- 
Bineley.  C.  V..  77. 
Bird    Solomon.   11 6. 


Cabin  Creek.   17s. 
Caile.  Hall.  393. 

John.  tfo.  lO,  JM. 
Cairabin.  j£ 

Cillenhauvh.  Richard,  43. 
Calif omi*.   ■<& 
Calvert,  Annie,  14. 

Ceciliui,  ij.  ifi,  19,  33. 

Eliubdh,  14. 

DorolbT,  14. 


Franc: 


■«.    18. 


11.45- 

Leonvd.   <3,  M.   19. 

oehm     Rev.   Henrr,   134- 

Henry..*. 

oehm'i    ReminiKencei.  134. 

onner,  William.  91. 

"SlJSS^f 

Militia.' 311' 

Cambridge!  40,  41,  S3.  54.  S7I  &,  i^'Si, 

3* 

S4. 

oston  Port  Bill,  igg. 

«5.  M.  «7,  ?',  7'.  JJ.  7*  ;«.  78.  83.  87, 
91.  101.  103.  107,  log.  116.  i^,  ™.  134. 
.37.  14'.  '**.  143,  159.  '<io.  1S3.  iti.  ■». 

99. 

^q^.^'^Jfi,'*' 

"9.  aio.  »i4. 

IS: 

169.    178,   "79,   aoj,  3d8,   Jia.  aig,  m, 
148.  150.  >5i.   1^   a6i.  363.  367.  170. 

Ml. 

owm«.  Tbomu.  44. 

3: 

o.mwt:.  Hlnory,  jS?. 

397,   398,   Jo»,   3°),   306.  3»7.   311.  318. 

Iradlord,  Cov.,  jij. 
radley,  Henry,  41.  44- 

"iJS™?."* 

radrton.  Mart.  SS. 
raly,  Col.  E.  E.,  7S.  171. 

Bar.  165.  jDs- 

BlUM,   J03.   J09. 

rannock,  John,  ss,  S7.  S8. 

Court  Houte,  37.  49- 

Edward.  57.  59- 

Creek,  7'. 

Thomaa,  jdj. 
ray    Dr..  Ji. 

CaSj)Dl,"?V»lter.  40.    51,  j6. 

'tlut'atV'^'^ 

ridewell.  J7. 

Brie^.  Lienl.  Simuel.  Jr..  a 

a:x;,°c.ss„. 

S^ 

rinoi.  te. 

8:a".'S'!s.Si..d. . 

Iritiah,  IS'.  344- 

rook.  Johnr*..  43.  47.  A 

49.  S4.  S5.  56.       Cahnan,  Robert;   .31. 

Carroll.  Charlpi  of  Carrolhoo,  275. 

Brooke  Family,  tji,  173.  174- 

i;«e.^^'*^ 

Dr,  John,  3». 
Robert,  as. 
Brook."  Creek,  jg,  39,  fo. 

Col.  I^enrv  Jamea,  i7«. 
S.-'^'o^^Sl^  ^-  ,77.  .78. 

Brookview,  93,  94. 

Bro«-n.  Samuel.  147,  33», 

ffrrT'ho-:S:."4«,  .., 

Thomaa.  >». 

Haihew.  199. 

Benj.   J..   iSa. 

Brotten.  Wm.,  116. 

B.  F..  89. 

Brj»n.  Dr.  Jamei  L.,  87.  m. 

JS6.3B6- 

Caroline  County,  35,  107.  i43.  144,  »9,  s 
Ca^i^'St.  M.  E.  Church,  37'. 

iij. 

^^^Wm.Jl..  J* 

Carolina.  219. 

Buchanan,   ijs. 

Carter,  Jeremiah.  tsS. 

Bi.ck*!rB"ii^rhike  ol,  13. 

Bucklown.  90. 

Canle  Haven,  i&i.  16]. 

Burke  County.  >9l. 

Catawba  Ford.  '119. 
Cator,  Jo'ieph.  149- 

llurr.  Aaron.  I4«. 
Bunkcr'i  Hill.  91.  V- 
Burton.  Rev.  T..  76. 

Buih.  Celia.  91. 

Baiick,  Jamea.  iia.  113. 

Levin.  366. 

Buller.  foibua.  116. 

Rob>n»n  W.,  3S0- 

Bym,  W.  WilMn.  71. 

Caton.  Thoi.  B..  7<. 

Byua.  Capl.   JoMph,  nj. 

Caulk.  Eniim  John,  aoj. 

INDEX 


461 


Causean,  John,  69. 
Cecil,  Sir  Robert,  13. 
Cecil  Countv,  09,  301. 
Chaplain,  W.  B.,  15a. 

J.  B.,  153. 
Chalmers,  John,  218,  219. 
Chaplin,  Wm.,  31. 
Chapel  of  Ease,  79,  80,  108. 
Chambers,  Colonel,  353. 
Chamberlain,  General,  210. 
Charleston,   180. 
Charles  I.,  15,  341. 
Chase,  Samuel,  199. 

Dr.  Thomas,  326. 
Chandler,  Job,  26. 
Chantilly,  99. 
Cheeseman,  William,  44. 
Chew,  Dr.   Samuel,  279. 
Cheeke,  Edward,  44. 
Chesapeake,  19,  26,  31,  97,  104,  115,  161,  163, 

175,  231,  247.  ad4,  303,  340. 
Chicago,  326. 

Chickawan  Creek,  173,  174. 
Chicanocomico,    141,    159^    319,   320. 
Choptank  Lodge  of  Red  Men,  75. 
Chviptank,  31,  33,  34.  35.  39,  60,  63,  88,  174. 

Indians,  67,  172,  173,  177. 

Parish,  79,  81.  107. 

River,  163,  172,  173,  241,  251,  304,  311.  361. 
Christ  Prot.  Episcopal  Church,   137.  270. 
Church  Creek,  loi,  102,  11 1,  114,  142,  241,  285. 

of  England,  119,  304,  349. 
Church  Old  Field,  266. 
City  Council.  316. 

Civil  War,  x«7,  240,  260,  306,  312,  341,  349. 
Claiborne.  William,  23,  24,  26,  rj. 
Claiborne  8   Rebellion,  342. 
Clark,  Daniel,  38,  39.  41.  59. 

John,  44,  55. 
Qarke's  Outhold,  335. 
Clay.  Henry,  150,  152,  315. 

Island,  106. 
Garkson,  Basil,  212,  213. 
Class  Distinctions,   185. 
Cleveland,   President,  307. 
Clerks  of  Dorchester  County  Court,  439 
Assistant     Qerks     of     Dorchester     County 

Court,  440. 
Cloras  Point,  163. 
Cockburn,  Admiral,  247. 
Coincidence,   268. 
Coke,  Dr.  Thomas,  118. 
Collins,   Elisha,  84. 

Samuel,  51. 

Thomas,  44. 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  298. 
Colbourn,  John,  216. 
Colonial  Militia,  335. 
Colored  Race,  178. 
Cold  Harbor,  263. 
Colston,  Capt.  Wm.,  252. 

Rosanna,  271. 

Hiomas,    i^. 
Committee  of  Observation,  199,  208,  210.  213. 
Commissioners   of   Plantations,   23. 

of  Parliament,  24. 

of  I^nd  OfHce,  439. 
Compton,  389. 

Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  298,  439. 
Confederate  Army,   157,  263.  307,  406. 
Congressman   Scott,  67,   68. 
Congressional    Cemetery,    317. 
Continental  Congress,  146,  206. 

Army,  210,  214,  219,  233,  239,  303. 


Coode,  John,  46,  47. 
Cook,  Thomas,  273. 

Babington,  273. 

John,  273. 

Anne,  273. 

Henry,   151. 
Cooper,  j[phn,  321. 
Copley,  Thomas,  21,  48,  49. 

Lionel,  47. 
Cordea,  Mark,  361. 
Cornwall,   13. 
Cornwallis,  Thomas,  112. 
Corkran,  James,  92. 

Tohn,  93. 

Nancy,  93. 

George,  93. 

Joseph,  M. 

Francis  P.,  93. 
Comwell,  Isaac,  83. 
Corps   Recruits,  336. 
Corvel,   Peter,  217. 
Cottingham,  Thomas,  216. 
CouncU,  22,  23,  24,  25,  33,  79,  95. 

of  Safety,  199,  210,  211,  212,  213,  214,  215, 
217,  221,  359. 
Councillor  Neale,  24. 

Cornwallys,  2^ 
County  Commissioners  or  Justices,  4x8-435. 

Commissioners,  442-443. 

Folklore,  189. 
Court    Judges    Dorchester    County    Court, 

Cowara,  John,  241. 
Cradock,  Thomas,  278. 
Craft,  Judge,  83. 


Captain.  2u. 
lig,  Mrs.  W. 
John  Adams,  325. 


Pinkney,  337. 


John,  147. 

Wm.  Pinkney,  325. 

James  W.,  402. 
Crapo,   105,  3^0. 
Crawford.  Robert  L.,  359. 
Creiffhton,   Isaac,  132,  330,  331. 

Samuel,  250. 

Vernon.  2d36. 

Maria  Louise,  286. 

Jeremiah,  250. 

Mar>[  A.,  285. 
Crescentia.    16,   23. 
Crocket.  Benton  H.,  83,  85. 
Cromwell,  26,  2t. 

Commissioners,   7fj. 
Cropper,  Edward,  216. 

John,  147. 
Cross  Keys,  262. 

Crotcher's  Ferry,  03,  94,  163,  267. 
Crow.  Goumey,  165. 
Croxall,  Alice,  13. 
Cullin,  Jacob.  216. 

Thomas,  216. 
Culp's  Hill.  259. 
CunliflF,  Foster  &  Co.,  167. 
Curtis,  Rt.  Rev.  Alfred  F.,  116. 
Custom  House,  82. 
Cut,  Wilson  Jack,  55. 


D. 

Dail,  Wm.  B..  153. 

John  W.,   153,   156. 
Daffin,   Joseph,  200,   266. 
Dalton,  James,  44. 


462 


INDEX 


Dame's  Quarter,  338. 
Darnell,    Henry,    169. 
-Darcy,"   Osbert,  283. 
Davis,  Jeff.,  a6a. 

Tohn,  45. 

William,  73. 

Solomon,  100,  252. 

Benjamin,  216. 

David,  234. 
Davidson,  Capt.  Hunter,  244. 
Dawson,  Capt.  Anthony,  40,  42,  44,  45,  47, 

John.  44. 
Ralph,  274. 
Daysone,  Win.,  45. 
Dean.  James  A.,  89. 

Wm.  H.,  115. 
Delaware.    35,   36,   63,   72,    88,   94,    116,   276, 

208,  367,  372. 
Delawares,  171. 
Delaware  Bay,  3S>  247. 

River,  «. 
Democrat  Tarty,  155,  158. 
Demolished  Chapel,  266. 
Demaire,  John,  44. 
Dennis,  L.  P.,  150,  151. 

Robert.  142,  147. 
Density  of   Population,  268. 
Denton,  141. 
Denwood  Family,  281. 
Levin,  322. 
Mary,  27^0. 
Deputy  Assistant  Commissary,  220. 
deVahn,   Emily  J.,  380. 
Dickenson,  Chas.,  40,  166,  169. 
Henry,   141,   142. 
John,   197,  203,  212. 
Colonel,  236. 
Dickinson  College,  372,  395. 
Dickens,  John,  118. 
Diocese  of   Lincoln,   341. 
Disharoom^  Levin,  46. 
Dividing  Creek,  9S. 
Dixon,  L€€^  75* 
Doatloan,  Esther,  361. 

Dorchester  County,  33,  35,  36,  37,  38,  40. 
41,  42,  43*  45.  46,  51,  jp,  53.  54.  57.  60.  ^». 
63.  73.  79.  82.  84,  88,  8^  90,  93,  95,  97,  98. 
99,  100,  102,  106,  108,  113,  115,  116,  119,  132, 
134*  135.  X37.  141.  143.  X43.  144.  I46»  I47< 
"54.  157.  '59.  160,  162,  164,  165,  166,  167. 
169,  171.  172,  173.  >74.  17s.  177.  >8o.  183, 
184.  185.  x86.  187,  188,  190,  194,  197,  «99. 
200,  209,  210,  214,  215,  217,  219,  220,  229. 
231,  239,  240,  242,  2A4,  245,  246,  247.  249. 
25a,  257.  a62.  266,  269,  270,  273,  276.  277, 
293.  398,  299,  301,  308,  309.  310,  317,  3». 
323.  330.  336.  339.  343.  353,  354.  359.  3^1. 
365.  3w5.  373* 
Town,   loi,   109. 

Parish,  loi,  loiS,  X09,  xxo,  iix,  1x2,  113. 
Countians,  215. 

Confederate   Soldiers,   259,   260,   261. 
Era,  306. 
Rent  Rolls,  319. 
Standard^  297,  298. 
Militia,  82,  100. 
Dorrington,  Wip..  45.  59.   X73. 
Dorsey   Family,  282. 
Levin,  82,  264. 
Chas.  H.,  285. 
John,  285. 
John  R.,  285. 
Edward,  283. 


Dorsey.  James  L.,  iii,  285. 

Sallie  Webster,   114. 

Sallie,  285. 

Mary  V.,  285. 

Frank  S.,  285. 
Dougherty,   Father,  78. 
Douglass,  John,  X50,  156. 
Dover,  119,  267. 

Ferry,  93. 
Drain,  Wm.  F.,  285. 

Rev.  Shepherd,  285. 
Drake,  John,  327. 
Drawbndffe,  352. 
Dryden,  Samuel,  216. 
Dryson,  John,  55. 
Dubley,  Elakim,  216. 
Duell,  James,  44. 
Duke  of  Athol,  393. 
Dulany,  Daniel,  198. 
D'Unger,   Dr.,  76. 
Dunnock,  Job,  115. 

Mathias,  xis. 

John  A.,  115. 


Earl  of  Salisbury,  X3. 

of  Stafford,  xs. 
Eastern  Shore,  94,  98.  i07.  xo8,  X15,  131,  17a. 
178,    181,    186,   188,   189.   214,  ai6,  232,   240, 
24s,  264,  324*  349.  359.   36X,  367. 

Indians,  176. 

Treasurer.  210.  21? . 
East   New  Market,  87.  88,  9x>  9^   ijo.   X4), 
311. 

High  School,  87. 
Easton,  116,  248,  305.  393- 
Eccleston,  Captain,  252. 

Dr.  John,  287. 

Elizabeth   K.,  271. 

Family,  286. 

Hugh,  48.  53.  ^  365- 

Tames,  271. 

Fohn,  147.  aoo,  211,  274. 

Fohn  F.,  325. 
F.,  151. 
I.  H.,  15X. 
R.,  X51. 
[ilcali  Airey,  325. 

Rebecca,  392. 

Thomas  F.,  152,  253,  270,  271. 

Thomas  H.,  325. 

Thomas  L.  H.,  149,  isa 

(Whi^r).  X53. 

Washington,  148. 

William,  147,  149. 
Eden,  Governor,  1$^,  204. 

Robert,  40. 
Edmondson.  Dr.,  88. 

Elizabeth,  270. 

James,  89. 

John,  89. 

Joshua,  61,  81. 

Samuel,  250. 

William,  241. 

William  Winder,  Sr..  3J6. 
Egg.  James.  44.^ 
Elbert,  Henry  C,   xsa 
Eldon.  322. 
Elk  River,  231. 
Elliott,  Lieut.  Joseph,  252. 

Capt.   Henry,   171. 
Elliott  s  Island,  106,  142. 


INDEX 


463 


Ellis^  Jessie,  316. 

Levi,  216. 
Ellyson,   Sheriff,  24. 
Elsing,  285. 

Elzey,  Cof.  Arnold,  262. 
Embury,  Philip,  117. 

England,   13,   15,    17,   x8,    19.  ai,  23,   24,  25, 
34.  4X»  64,  66,  68,  73,  96,   108,  1x2,  118,  i44t 
167.    183,   184,    186,    199,   240,   270,   282,   293. 
300.  w,  335,  341,  384. 
English,  174,  17s,  1^6^  186,  189,  198,  301. 
Ennalls,  Andrew  Skinner,  270. 
Anne,  289. 
Annie  Smith,  292. 
Bartholomew,  41.  42.  44.  59.  95.  I33,  '34, 

160,  203,  288,  325- 
Bartholomew,  Jr.,  145. 
Camp-ground,  87. 
Chapel,  134. 
Elizabeth,  294. 
Family,  288. 
Family  Notes,  291. 

Henry,  50.  61,  133,  134,  135,  254,  255,  323. 
James  85,  204. 
John,    85.    160,    199.    200,    203,    204.    212, 

219,  400. 
Joseph,  147,   148,   150,  203,  212,  266,  273, 

274,  292.  293,  320. 
Joseph,  Jr.,  219. 
Mary,  274,  292,  293. 
Rebecca,  293. 

Thomas,  47,  48,  49.  5©.  51.  54,   i74.   i75. 
197,  200,  203,  270,  293.  322. 

William.  40,  81,  197.  198.  200.  274.292,331. 
Episcopal  Church,  137,  336,  337. 
Europe,  66. 
Evangeline,  164. 
Evans.  Captain.  251. 

John,  208. 

William,  44. 
Ewdl,  Dr.  Daniel,  83. 


F. 

Family  History,  269. 
Fallin,  Daniel,  219. 

Major,  204,  208,  310. 

Wm.,   244. 
Father  White,  21-24. 
Falcom,   ist   Lieut.   Burket,   206. 
Federal  Armj,  157,  306,  307,  313. 

Constitution,  85. 

Gaxetie,  146. 

Union,  258. 
Federalists,  145,  146,  147. 
Federalsburg,  95,   107,   143.  367,  368. 
Felton,  John,  31. 
Fcndal,  Governor,  31. 
Ferguson,  Ensign  Philip,  203. 
Fielding,   Catherine,  55. 


390. 


James,  a^ 
Fillmore,  Millard,   155,  306. 
Finley,  Maj.    Ebenezer  L., 

Rev.  Samuel,  301. 
First  Baptist  Church,  135. 

Eastern  Shore  Regiment,  259. 

General  Assembly,  20s. 

Judicial  Court,  308. 
Fish,  John.  44. 
Fisher,  Judge,  367. 
Fishing  Bay,  106. 

Creek,   55,   56,   59,  60,  61.   142.    163,   219. 
283. 


Fitzhugh,  Alexander,  115. 
Fleet  Street,   16. 
Fletcher,  Fred.  H.,  166. 

Grace,  369. 

Mary,  J69. 
Florida,  ic8. 

Flowers,  Thos^  37,  45,  54. 
Flying  Camp  Company,  214,  337,  383. 

Company,  206. 
Foble,  A.  J.,  74. 
Ford,  Rev.  W.  S.  B.,  75,  136. 
Fork  District,  94,  95,  143. 
Fort  McHenry,  149,  406. 

Washington,  214. 
Foster,  Thomas,   134. 
Fox  Creek,  89,  248. 
Foxwell.   Mrs.,   115. 

Noah,  84. 
France,  16,  64,  393. 
Frazier,  James,  85,  234. 

John,  234. 

Solomon,  146,  147.  148.  149- 

Wm.,  234. 
Frederick  County,  118. 
Fredericksburg,   a6i. 
Free  Soilers,   154. 
French,  176. 

Friends  to  America.  202. 
Frigate  "Mermaid,     221. 
Fulnam  Palace,  336. 
Fusley,  Andrew,  60. 


G. 


Gale.  George,  270. 

John,  270. 
Galestown,  sm. 

Garrettson.  Freeborn,  90,  118,  X19,  131,  133. 
Garrettson  8  Journal,  119,  134. 
Gary,  John,  31. 

Stephen,  3«.  33.  39.  4i.  4^*  45- 
General  Assembly,   147,  215,  234,  316. 
Georgia,  88. 

Traitors,  179. 
Gettysburg,  259,  396,  406. 
Ghosts,  19s. 
Gibbs,  Robert.  216. 
Gillingham,  Mrs.   George  H.,  xi6. 
Gillman,  Prof.  Benj.,  gI. 
Gilmore,   Harry,  271. 

Robert,  270. 

Quartermaster  Robert,  203. 
Gist,  Francis,  331. 

John  E.,  147. 
Goeghegan,  John.  13a. 

Moses,  249,  366, 

Wm.,  132,  250,  366. 
Goldsborough,  B.  J.,  150. 

Br  ice    W.,   296,  305. 

B.  W.,  Jr..  298. 

Charles   F.,  j6,   138,   146.    147,    148,    149. 
296.  297,  307,  308. 


396. 


156,    2Q4.  ^296.    297,    3m,   3 

Gov.  Charles,  307,  308. 

Elizabeth  (Enxialls),  269, 

Family.  293. 

Hon.  John  Brice,  294. 

John,  236,  297. 

John,  Jr.,  40. 

Leah.  295. 

M.  Wortnington,  295. 

Nicholas,  293. 

Phillips  Lee,  77^  296,  297,  298. 

Dr.  Richard,  294. 


464 


INDEX 


Goldtborough.  Robert.  197.  198.  S99.  aoo,  204. 
232,  ago,  394,  306,  307,  337. 

Sarah  T.,  296. 

Howef,  147,  337. 

W.  T.,  iM,  154,  168,  297. 

Mrs.  Willamina,   138. 
Golden  Hill,  105,  X15,  116. 
Goose  Creek,  171. 
Goutee,  Joseph,  169. 
Governor's  Council,  313,  435. 
Governors  from  Dorchester  Co.,  438. 
Governor  of  Maryland,  390. 

of  Delaware,  127. 
Gray,  Ensign  James  Woolford,  206. 

John  S.,  84. 

Lieut.  James.  21B. 
Graham,  John  E.,  256. 
Grant,  General,  362. 
Grason,  Commodore,  321,  239. 
Graves,  Horatio  G.,  156. 
Great  Britain,  247,  309. 

Choptank  Hundred,  2x9. 

Choptank  Parish,  71,   109,  254,  255,  270, 

Choptank  River,  87,  89,  106. 
Greenbury,  Elizabeth,  294. 

Nicholas,  49. 
Green  Hill,  82. 
Greenwell,  Marietta,  328. 
Greene,  Rev.  William  Wallace,  iii. 
Greenway,  Robert,  167,  169. 
Grenada,  349. 
Greensborough,  141. 
Grey,  Oliver,  4^. 
Griffith,  Edward,  147,   148,   149. 

Hannah,   169. 

John,  163,  202. 

Joseph,  169. 

Lewis,  44. 

Robert,  151,  169,  266. 
Griffin,  Lewis,  321. 

Samuel,  252. 
Griswold,  £lias,  262. 
Groome,   i<5. 
Grubing  Neck,  91. 
Gunby,  Isaac,  216. 

Joseph.  216. 
Gunter,  Philip,  44. 


Hackett,  Thomas,  89. 
Haefnen  Dr.  G.  A.,  90. 
Haile,  James,  44. 
Hall,  Rev.  Samuel  D.,  iix. 
Hambleton,  Richard,  274. 
Hambrook,  304,  311. 
Hamilton,  Alexander,   X46. 
Hampton,  Madam,  299. 
Hanaway,  Toseph,  321. 
Handy,  Edward,  277. 

Isaac  Smith,  277. 
Hannough,  Susanna,  161. 
Harford  County,  99. 

Henry^  164. 
Hares,  William,  44. 
Hargissone,   George,  44. 
Harrington,  Emerson  C,  165. 

John,  103. 

Peter,   132,  233. 

Samuel,  152. 
Harper,   Francis,   169. 

Joseph,    169. 


Harper,  Robert  Goodloe,  277. 
Harris,  Marv,  27a 

Rev.  Wilhani^  iix. 
Harrison,  John  C,  200. 

I  St  Major  Richard,  203. 

Pres.   Benjamin,  371. 

Robert,  40,  i97>  X99>  3X2,  2x9,  266. 
Hardcastle,  Mathew,   150. 
Hart,  Arthur,  57. 

Robert,  149. 
Harvey,  Henry,  44. 
Harwood,  John,   160. 

Patrick,  44. 

Robert,  ya. 
Harwood's  Choice,  39. 
Haskins,  Govert,  271. 

Philipp,  51. 

Thomas,  266,  287. 

William,  270. 
Haselwood.  William,  43. 
Hatcher's  Run,  263. 
Hatton,  Thomas,  25. 

W.  Carey,  161. 
Hay  ward,  Charles  E.,  76. 

Mrs.  Mary,  288. 
Head  Range,  366. 
Heam,  Barton,  84. 

William,  84. 
Henderson,  Benjamin,  216. 
Henry,  Daniel  M.,  83,  297,  307. 

W.  Laird,  77.  x66,  308. 

John  Campbell,  303. 

Hon.  John,   146,  197,  299,  302. 

Gov.  John,   107,  299,  309. 

Robert   Goldsborough,  307. 

Robert  Jenkins,  82. 

Hugh,  147. 

Col.  Francis  J.,  306. 

J.  C,  152. 

Col.  John,  303. 

Nannie  C,  296. 
Hermitage,  219. 
Heron,  £lisha,  216. 

Jacob,  216. 
Hersey,  John,  37X. 
Heyward,  Mary  Frances,  368. 

Thomas,  308. 
Hicks,  Mrs.  Barbara,  117. 

Thomas,  48,  49.  5©,   54f  59.  69,  83.   iSo, 

^I5».  I54t  309,  31X. 

Governor,  314,  316,  317,  3x8. 

Hooper  C,  84,  85. 

Levin,  310. 

Col.   Den  wood,   203. 
Hignns,  Capt.  Frank,  83. 

Tames,  x66. 

Thomas,  83. 
Hill,  Gen.  B.,  261. 

Henry,  270. 

Richard,  51. 

William,  55,  321. 

Zorobabal,  216. 
Hillsborou|:h,  141. 
Hodson,  Capt.  John,  50,  54. 

Col.  John  H.,  154,  160. 

Rebecca,  323. 

Col.  Thomas,  85. 
Hoffa,    Stella    McKnight,   356. 
Hogg,  George,  37. 
Holland,  ,  38,  43. 

Michael,  216. 

Richard,  44. 

Wm.,  X56. 
Holland's   Island,   106. 


INDEX 


46s 


Holland's  Straits,  aoS,  330. 

Home  Guards,  250. 

Honga  River,  31,  60,  6x,  Z05,  106,  203,  344, 

349t  35S> 
Hooper,   Elizabeth  Ann,  331. 

Henry,  33,  41*  47.  48>  49*  So,  54f  59,  XOS* 
133.  145.  i7^»  179,  199.  300,  ao3,  204,  aio, 
214,  215,  229,  230,  233,  236,  2S4.  255,  2^* 

,,^;?.»  319.  3^1,  3aa,  3^4,  33©,  33X. 
William,  88,  271. 

Samuel,  142,  330. 

Dr.  William,  238. 

Thomas,  132. 

Dr.  William  Ennalls,  310. 

Gen.  Henry,  203,  292,  310,  327. 

iames,  249,  323,  3^8. 
)r.  Tohn,  326. 
Saran   Ennalls,  271. 
Maj.  John,  287,  3^5,  326. 
Elizabeth  £.  Scott,  325. 

ieremiah  P.,  327. 
fary  E.,  327. 
Emily  Ann,  ^26. 
Margaret  LeCompte,  328. 
Joseph  Henry,  3^ 
Family,  332,  333. 
Hooper's  Island,  104,  115,  132,  143,  163,  190, 
203,  213,  318,  319,  339. 
Straits,   106,  204,  208,  210,  212,  213,  215, 

Choice,  319,  320. 

Conclusion,  328,  329. 

Defiance,  324. 

Fortune,  320. 

Lot,  319,  320. 

Pasture.  328. 
Hoopersvilie.  84. 
Hopkins,  Jonn,  75. 

William,  73. 
Hotel  Dixon,  271. 
House  of  Assembly,  22,  23. 

of  Burgesses,  272,  321,  382. 

of  Delegates,  149,  247,  260,  31X. 
Howell,  Rev.  Thomas,  50,  109,  254,  255. 
Howes,  Abraham,  293. 

Margaret,  293. 
Howith,  Wm.  W.,  89. 
Hubbert,  Job,  2*5. 
Hudson,  Lieut.  Hooper,  200. 

John,  32,  39,  41,  44,  54,  254.  255. 

River,  132. 
"Hue  and  Cry,"  267, 
Hughes*  Creek,  63. 
Huguenots^  361. 
Hungar  River,   105,  3«8,  335- 
Hungerford,   105. 
Hunt,  Benjamin,  48,  165. 
Hunting  Creek,  61,  107,  213,  267. 
Hurlock,  89,  90. 

Tohn  M.,  89. 

Wmy  165. 
Hurst,  John  E.,   1x4. 
Hutchins,  Charles,  41,  42,  47,  49,  50,  54,  59, 

Colonel,  30X. 
Hynson,  266. 

I. 

Independent  Order  of  Heptasophs,  75. 

of  Odd  Fellows,  75. 
Indiantown  Creek,  84. 
Ingle,  Richard,  24,  25. 
Insloe,  Andrew,  42. 

80 


Inslj^,  Jacob,  84. 

T.  .Sangston,  166. 

Capt.  Levin,  243. 
Insley  8,  105. 
Ireland,  X4,  X17,  276. 

TronuniB.    ttv. 


J. 

Jackson,  Andrew,  150,  349,  360. 

Ben.,  69. 

Daniel,  149. 

Dr.,  84. 

Wm.,  84,  8<^ 

Wm.,  Jr.,  Surgeon,  252. 

Rachel,   Donelson,  358. 

Stonewall,  26a. 
James  Island,  203,  251,  366. 

Point,  250. 
Jacobs,  88. 

Mrs.,  &^ 
Jefferson,  George  W.,  76. 

Thomas,  x^,  309. 
enifer,  Daniel,  ^  273. 
ennings,   Humphrey,  37. 
esuits,  x6. 
ohnson,  Albert,  357. 

Governor,  2x6,  22X. 

Capt  John,  x68. 

Dr.  Christopher,  272. 

Elisha,  216. 

Lieut.  Charles,  20a. 

Littleton,  2x6. 

Peter,  x6o. 

Rcverdy,  83,  313. 

Thomas,  384. 

Thos.,  Jr^  199. 

Bradley  T.,  z8. 

Henry,  44. 

Joseph  H.,  73,  77,  X65,  ada. 
ohn's  Point,  39,  xoo,  400. 
oily.  Hooper.  84. 
ones.  Colonel,  236,  26a. 

Daniel,  44,  45,  59,  62,  64. 

David,  55. 

Eugene,  XX5. 

Frank  H.,  26X. 

George,  250. 

Henry,  9X. 

Mr.,  251. 

Roger,  xxo. 

Thomas,  197,  203,  3x2,  219. 

William,  X03,  xxx,  x6x,  2x6. 

Nettie  M.,  295. 
Joneses,  102. 

Judd,  Rev.  Jonathan,  xxo. 
Junior  Order  of  American  Mechanics,  75. 


K. 

Keene,  Benjamine,  336,  345. 
Edward,  336. 
Rev.   Samuel,  xxo,  337. 
Richard,  335,  336. 
Capt.  John,  335,  33d. 
Capt.,  203. 

Lieut.  John,  Jr.,  202. 
r— ,  105. 

Levin,  IS2,  154.  33©. 
Wiluam,  xxo,  337. 


1 


466 


INDEX 


Keene.  John,    159. 
Keene.  John  R.,  isa.  156. 

Rev.  John,  no. 
Louis  B.,  1x5. 

Mrs.  Zoe,  116. 

Benjamin,  Jr.,  im,  150,  151,  197.  «>2- 

Matnew,  159,  146,  147. 

Sallie,  139. 

Henry,  149.   i5i»  aoj- 

Family,  334,  335- 
Keene's  Neck,  335. 

Neglect,  335. 
Keer,  E.  L.,  ^^. 
Kent  County,  93. 

Island,  23,  181,  250,  293,  3^- 
Kendal,  270. 

Kentucky,   152,   336,  337. 
Kenerly,  56. 

Kennerly,  Capt.  Isaac,  84. 
Kerr,  J[ohn  Leeds,  290,  ^i. 

Josiah  L.,  257. 

Sophia,  290. 

Josiah,   8^. 
Keys,  Samuel,  84. 
Kildare,  14. 
Killiheen,  117. 
Kingdom  of  Ireland,  16. 
King,   Elizabeth   Barnes,   276. 

John,  55« 

Sir  Robert,  299. 

Thomas,  276. 
King  Abaco,  37. 

Charles  I.,  14,  16,  23,  25. 

Henry  IV.,   16. 

Tames,  13,  14,  3^. 

William.  47.  51  • 

William^  School,  50,  255. 
Kingston  Hall,  276. 
Kipling,  13. 
Kirk,  John,  54,  64. 
Kirke,  John,  44. 
Kirwan.  Ensign  John,  202. 

Peter,  339. 

Solomon  F.,  338,  339. 
Kirwan's  Neck,  ^9. 
Knights  of  Pythias.  75. 
Knowles,  Hester  Eleanor,  370. 
Know-Nothings,  154' 

li. 

Lafavette.  General,  231,  390. 
Lairo,  Winder,  262. 
Lakes,  The,  341. 
Lake.   Charles,  |o6,   351. 

Children  of,  351. 
Edward,  LL.D.,  341. 
Robert,  342. 
Sir  Bibye,  342. 
Henry,  344f  345- 

Capt.  Henry,  203,  212,  350,  35^. 
Georare,   149.  iS©.  349- 
William,   351. 

Children  of,  351. 
William  Washington,  351,  358. 
Levin,  352. 

Children  of,  352. 
Wm.  Augustus,  352. 

Children  of,  aS3* 
James  Bushrod,  3S3* 

Children  of,  353. 
William,  355- 

Children  of,  355. 
Richard  Pinkney,  355.  358>  359- 

Children  of.  356,  357. 


Lake.  Capt  Washington,  354. 
Children  01,  354. 


Joseph.  360. 
Children  of,  360. 


Sarah  Landon,  360. 
Family  Characteristics,  349. 

Lakes,  10$,  106,  133,  143.  i94.  253,  339. 
Lake's  District,  338,  344«  345>  354- 
Lakes  Ville,  105.  340* 
Land  Office,  272. 
Langrall,  Capt.  James,  244- 
Latimer,  Thos.  E.,  n*  ^98. 

Thos.  E.,  166.  ,       ,       , 

LeCompte,  Anthony,  31,  33,  30>.  3M.  54- 

Moses,  132,  142,  203,  332.  362.  363,  3^ 

Philemon,  145. 

Benj.  W.,  147.  >48,  i49,  325- 

Thomas,  250. 

Tames,  250. 

Wm.  G.,  250,  253. 


John,  364. 
Samuel,  366. 
Nancy,  374- 
Leary,  Chas.,  85. 


Lee,  Anne.  97. 

Richard,  95.  96,  97.  99- 
Launcelet,  95,  99. 
Francis.  96,  98,  99- 
Richard,  Jr.,  96. 
William,  96. 
Hancock,  96. 
Elizabeth,  96,  99- 
John.  96,  97. 
Charles,  97. 
Thomas,  98,  99.  238. 
Carbin,  98,  99. 
Governor,  232. 
Gen.  R.  E.,  259,  261. 
Gen.  Fitzhugh,  304. 

Leonardtown,  238. 

Lewin,  Rev.  Myer,  in. 

I^xington,  109. 

Lightwood  Knot  Chappel,  217. 

Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  16. 

Limbo   Harbour,  161. 

Straits,  106. 
Limerick  County,  117. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  156,  313,  316. 
Linkwood,  90. 
Linthicum,  Capt.  Thomas,  250. 

Z.  W.,  156. 

Linthicum's  Yard,  241. 
Lippincott*s  Mazasine,  264. 
Little  Choptank,  61,  101,   102,   103.  108,   142, 
160,  219,  248,  4/00. 

Liverpool,  167. 

Livingstone,  Miss  Catherine,  132. 

Lockerman,  Govert.  254,  255,  287. 

Jacob,  43.  49.  50,  5».  65. 

Thos.,  331. 
Lockerman 's  Manor,  92. 
Lockwood,  Gen.,  259,  396* 
Locofocos,  I  S3* 
Locust  Grove,  3«. 
Logan.  Lieut.  Tnos.,  203. 
London,  14.  »,  26,  161,  254,  294,  33^. 
Long  Island,  214. 

Point,  328. 
Loomtown,  102,  241. 

Lord    Baltimore,    14.    i5.    »6,    18.   21,  22,  23. 
24.  25,  26,  28,  36,  51.  65.  "3- 

Dunmore,  211,  213. 

Germain,  204. 


INDEX 


467 


Lord  Rawdon,  229. 

Corn wal lis,  229,  231,  230. 

Proprietary,  170,  174- 
Lowe,  Col.   Nicholas,  290. 

Col.  Vincent,  32,  42. 

John,  73. 

Enoch,  91,  92,  93. 

William,  9a. 

Lieut.   Arthur,  93,  250. 
Lloyd,  isdward,  304. 

Guards,  406. 

Henry,  308. 
Lloyds,  339. 

Lucas,  Michael,  147,  149* 
Lynch,   Lieut.  John,  206,  252. 


Mace,  Irvin  R.,  165. 
John,  332. 
Mrs.  George,  115. 
Mackeele,  John,  44,  49,  54,  59t  i^«  ^^S- 

John,  Jr..  55. 
Marnichol,  Rev.   E.  C,  78. 
Madisgn,   103,   146,  241,   248. 
Ma^ire,  Lieut.   Hugh,  233. 
Maid  of  Oaks,  325. 
Maine,   158. 
Maltby,  C.  S.,  243. 
Manassa,  262. 
Manito,  170,  1^1. 

Manning,  Ensi^  Nathaniel,  263,  266. 
Marchent.  William,  44. 
Mareen,  Milison,  367. 
Marain,  Zorobable,   368. 
Marine,  Charles,  373. 

William  M.,  85,  87,  3^,  371. 
Fletcher  Elliott,  83,  370- 
Family,  366. 
Tames   Hargis,   371. 
William  John,  372. 
Marshall,  Isaac,  216. 

Lindsay  C,  77. 
Martin,  Daniel,   149. 
George  H.,  276. 
Hon.  Wm.   Bond,  391. 
Thomas,  270. 
Rev.  James  E.,  x8o. 
Rev.  A.  L.,   180. 
Mrs.   Emma,   115. 
Rev.  Hugh,  III. 
Mary,   Refuge  of  Sinners,  116. 
Maryland,   14,   i5>    i6>  i7>  i8«   i9>  ^t  ^3*  'S* 
26,  27,  33,  34,  35.  41.  46.  48,^  49.  52.  54.  57. 
59.  63,   66,  68,   71.  88.  97.  98,   99.   108,   127. 
146,    151.    153.    154.    157,    158,    163.    164,    166, 
167,    170,    175.    179.   183,    185,    187,    x88.   197. 
199.   204,    205,   215.   239.   242,   245.   349,   254. 
259,   262,    267,   272,   276,   280.   295,   302,    305, 
310,    314,   318,    327.   330,    334.    335.   337.    342. 
352.  354.  356,   359- 
Assembly,  21,   99. 
Gazette,  99,  255. 
Historical  Society,  20. 
Legislature,  358* 
Volunteers,  2j8. 
Masons,   Cambridlgc  Lodge  No.  66,  75. 
Matchcoat,    175. 
Mathews,  Maurice,  43. 
May.  Henry,  69. 
Thomas,  386. 
Maynadicr,   Rev.   Daniel,  304. 
McComas,  Emma,  397* 
McCullum,  Rev.  Neal,  no.   168. 


McDonnel,  Daniel,  147- 
McNamara,  Clement,  248. 

H.   L.,   151.  152- 

Capt.  Timothy,  202.  248. 

Gaoriel,  248. 

Lieut.   John   Stewart,  202. 
Children  of.  346. 

Capt.   William,  346. 
Meekins.  Abraham,  169. 

Richard,  42. 

John  D.,  115. 

Edward,  115. 

John,  Jr.,  169. 

Mark,  169. 

Neck.   105,   115- 
Medford,   Nancy,  92. 

Nathaniel,  92,  93. 

Rebecca,  92. 

Robert.  93.  100,  127. 
Megraw,  Goaf  rev    169. 
Melvin.  James,  77. 
Melville,  Daniel,  61. 
Memphis,  358,  360. 
Memoriam.  327. 
Merine,  Alexander,  367. 

Messhire,  William,  . 

Methodists,   117,   118.  119,   127. 

Methodist  Episcopal   Church,   102,  118,   119. 

132,  X3S»  S>i« 

Proiestant  Church,  135,  403. 
Mexican  War,  2$$. 
Michie.  Armistead,  77' 
Middletown,  133,  331- 
Milboume,  SewellT.,  165. 

Militia,  237.  238.  

Military  Officers,  221,  222,  223,  224,  225,  226, 

227,  228.  229, 
Militia   (drafted).  234. 
Mills,  Capt.,  252. 

David,   133. 

John  G.,  77*  166. 

William,  44. 
Millby,  William,   234- 
Miller,  Rev.  Jacob,   111. 
Milton,  102. 
Mischew,  48,  49.^  58. 
Mister,  James  E.,  334.  _     . 
Mississippi   Historical  Society,  359. 


MitchelC  Col.  William  O.,  165. 

John,   140. 
lark,  44* 
Mohicans,  it?* 
Monaghan,  Bishop,  78. 
MoncreiflF,  Archibald,  331. 
Moon's  Influence,  i9i> 
Moore,   Brannock,  83. 

Mary,  84. 
Moore's  Chapel,  373- 

(Independent),   153. 

Morgan  College,  180. 

Charles,  44. 

Rowland,  44,  60. 
Morgan's  Island,  59. 
Morris,   Andrew,  167. 

Mandline,  167. 

Robert,  166,  167,  169. 

Robert,  Jr.,  167. 
Morton,  Sir  Albert,  14. 
Mosley,  James,  43. 
Mount  Calvary  Sisters,  114- 

Pleasant,  97,  99> 
Muir,  Adam,  241. 

James,  85. 

John,  152. 


Nowdl.  Jama.  M.  SI- 

Muir  Rob«l,  MO.  Noweti,   M«rg««i.  SS- 

MurkVl.  Jo"?"-  t*"™ 

"■"S^^'W^'M^'-JB,  .68.  O. 

Ho"rnbl'/°Vao.,  393-  Oith  of  Fidelity.  US- 

lamM    MJ.    '97.    '«'  Kio.  »3.  »*■  "'•  Octao  City.  Bt 

ai3.  213.  3W-  08nU  J"^"'  fe„„„j.    ,1). 

WiUiBm'HTjSa-  Field  Chu.ch.  a«. 

William  Vans.  30i  ,.       .    _„  Orphsn*'   Coutl.  +". 

»■•&'«  JS"  *"'""■  "^  gSS'M.  ■■'■„  „ 

Dr    WilliBTn  H-,  iW*  Owen.  Bithira,  u<  W.  W- 

Dr'  JOKph,  68,  69.  "90,  Oiford,  Mj  i**'   '*'■  3"' 

lunM,  m-    „  Oyster  lodusln'.  73. 

U   Mm^ot  Thorn"-  «J-  "»'  "'■  "*  P. 

Mt  Lldy  Sewfll's  Manor.  IM- 
Myqne,  Anne,  13-  „         witUsm,  i99- 

Georg*.  "3-  ptX;    Ilenrv.  151.  391. 

■       Panquash,    .j*. 


N»d«l.  R«v.  B.  H.,  ji7- 


P»rdu«,  'Sicphio.  * 


NmDKDium 

*"MMot,  W,  i». 
River,   A  6'.^  7S 

Nanlie'S'iet'ij.  33.   '?^.  "3-  '"■  '^-  P«wHae.''joMtl,'«.  iM- 

N»ntiqu»cks.  106.  F.,terfield,  Willrnn,  au- 

Nilural  SiBiii.  190.  Patlison.  Ann,  371.  JT*- 

Navy,  MoiM.  M9.  Evrtett  K.,  3"- ,    _  . 


N«k  Dietrict,  i«.  Family.  373- 

,.       ..    ,-.._   R,aer,  ijB,  304.  Geoenlogy.  37S- 

■    ""  lacoh.  371.  377- 

Jeiemiah,  374.  377- 


New  Am.t«aBm.  qj-  Tamo,  373.  377-       .       -, 

NewbcU.  Henry.  44-  Yohn  R..  77.  '**■  1»*  *'' 

New  EnRland.  JM.  Jeiemiah,  374.  377- 

Newfoundland,   ij.  is-               _,  Mary.  377. 

New  J".ej.  7».  SB.  M*  W*  »*■  Mary  Ca.olin*.  380- 

New  Marktl.  "B.  Koben   H-.  38"- 

Academy.   B7.  R.,  110.  I3«.  «»■ 

Blues.  »3-  Richard,  33^ 

New  Sweden.  35;  Samuel,  *■            ,     „     u.    «    »6    S9. 

Newlon.  Edward.  44.  Tbomaa.   38.   4".   17.   S3.   S4.  S5.   V-   "• 

Niioul"  Sfare^'.  Foil".  38.  «<-  p,tn«™i.^  3t.  J7.  lO.  »*^  S* 

if^Franci.,  4f.  49.  S»-  Pearly.  '4n.ign   Richard,  IW- 


P«ple.  Johtr.  . 
Percy  (Locofw 


Nicholion,  Francii,  4S.  4W.  s*  Pearcy.  Ensign   sicna-".  -J-- 

nSScI.,  Aeniamin.  ^  f^i^j.  Wilfiam,  .6. 

Henry.  i»-  Peon.  56.     .        _,_*,,,    lAi    *Bo. 

Tiiper.  ^  Pennaylvani".  17«.  «*,»«.  3*0.  3~- 

Noble,  F.  J..  89.  Perl 

Mary,  3W.  ,  Pele 

Noel.  Cipt.  Edward,  1>9-  PeleraburB,  aS3.        , 

Nomioy,  w-  Peyton's  ^Bdery,  a63- 

Noona.  Thomai,  so.  Phelps.  Dr.,  69,  140. 
Nortnan'a  Cove.  aA  i5r.  F.   P-.  381. 

Nonhampton.  ly  Francis  E..  150. 

County.  iSi.  (Wh  g>,  iH-  -    ,„    ,m.  21A.  nS, 

North.  lficl«,,iW.,^  Philadelpliia.  %.  7S.  'A  '99,  "*.  ^44.  m, 

Northrop.  C.  I...  166. 
Nonh 


I...  !»■  ,  K«   s6o. 

,d  County,  9*.  '^o^iirence.  134. 

Vin  W,,  I".  Philippine  lataDA;  31 


INDEX 


469 


Phillips,  John,  56,  26a. 

Point,  61. 

Thomas,  44. 
Phipps,  Becca,  248. 

L.ieut.,  248. 
Pierce,    Hon.  James   Alfred,   313,   391. 
Pierson,  John,  44. 
Pinder,    Edward,   48,  49,   57,   59* 
Pinkney,  146. 
Pitt.  Charles  H.,  83. 

Elizabeth,  270. 

"ohn,  133. 
.  R.  W.,  149- 
rfilcah,  271. 

Philip,   109,  165. 

Robert,  270. 

Samuel   Wilson,  271. 

T.,   149. 

William,  133. 
Pittsburg,  Z13. 
Plovey.   William,  44. 
Plug-Uglies,  312. 
Plummer,  Henry,  44. 

John,  44. 
Plymouth  Greens,  202. 
Pocomoke  Swamp,  176. 

River,  299. 
Polk,  Tames  K.,  392. 
Pollard,  John,  33,  34,  4^,  49>  55.  59- 
Pope,  52. 

John,  44. 
Popery,  116. 
Poplar  Island,  250. 
Population  of  .Dorchester  Co.,  268. 

by   District's,  368, 
Porpeigham,  320,  329,  330. 
Post,  Fanny,  380. 
Postoffice  and  Postmasters,  445. 
Potomac  River,  odL  175,  250. 
Potter.  Thomas  Wood,  216. 
Powell,  Charles,  165. 

Thomas,  32. 
Powers,  William,  2(0. 
Preston,  Richard,  20,  27,  33,  37,  38, 
Price,  B.  D.,  180. 
Price,  John,  25,   208. 
Princess  Anne,  295. 

Academy,  180. 
Princeton  College,  301,  303. 
Pritchett's  Cross  Roads,  338. 
Privates,  Flying  Co.,  206.  207,  208. 

Sixth  Independent  Co.,  201,  202,  214. 
Privateers,  215. 

Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  loi,  102,  108, 
254,  298,  306,  326. 

Revolution,  144. 
Proprietary,   17,  22,  23,  25,  26,  31,  32,  41. 
Providence,  25,  31. 
Province  of  Maryland,  162,  324. 
Provincial  Court,  22,  176,  322. 
Pruett,  Andrew,  44. 
Public  School   Commissioners,  443. 
Puckum,  91. 
Puritans,  27. 

a. 

Suakers,  89,  241. 
ueen  Anne^  113,  116. 
Anne's  County,  110. 
Henrietta  Maria,  16. 
Queen's  CoUep^e,  97. 
Ouinton,  Philip,  147. 
Quit  Rents,  163. 


R. 

Railroad,  Baltimore  and  Eastern  Shore,  86. 

Chesapeake  and  Atlantic,  86. 

Cambridge  and  Seaford,  86,  90. 

Weldon,   263. 
Randolph,  146. 
Rapidan,  262. 
Rapahanock,   106. 
Reeves,  Joseph,  44. 
Reese,  Tames  £.,  76. 
Reed,  fohn,  142. 

William,   142. 
Reed's  Grove,  142. 
Rehoboth,  95,  97,  98,  99,  xoo. 
Rent  Rolls,  163. 
Revolutionary   Period,   iw. 

War,  303.  306,  343.  356. 
Revolution,  240. 

Representatives,  House  of,  314. 
Republican   State   Central   Committee,   297. 
Rhine.  117. 
Rhineoeck,  132. 
Richardson,  Albert  L.,  383. 

Family,  381. 

Sir  Thomas,  385. 

George,  385. 

Tohn,  44,  45,  59. 

Mrs.  James,  X14. 

E.,  142. 

Mrs.  Albert  L.,  283. 

Ezekiel,  147. 

Robert,  239. 

Levin.  151,  153,  156,  285. 

Mrs.  Hester  Dorsey,  185,  334. 

Sarah  A.,  265. 

Toseph,  197,  200,  203,  2x2,  219. 

Major  Thomas,  182. 

Col.  Wm.,  219,  383,  384. 

Wm.,  382,  383. 

Colonel,    203. 
Richmond,  261,  360. 
Richard's  Manor,  335. 
Rider,   Capt.   John,   50,  254,  255,  300. 
Riggin,   John,   216. 
Riggs  House,  2^1. 
Riley,  James  Wnitcomb,  372. 
Robin  Hood,  174. 

Club,  302. 
Robson,  Capt.  Joseph,  211. 
Robinson,   Britain,  84. 

Wm.  M.,  250. 

John,  G.,  256. 

Isaac,  83. 

Lieut.  Luke,  203. 

Captain,  203. 
Robertson,  Dr.,  325. 

Wm.  M.,  142. 

Elizabeth    Ellen,    385. 

Robert,  44. 
Roberts  Bros.,  75,  90. 

Hugh,  249. 
Robins,  James,  171. 
Rollins,  Nancy,  370. 
Robson,  John,  132. 

William,  43,  44. 
Roosevelt,  President,  298,  318. 
Ross,  John,  43. 
Rome,  52. 

Roman  Catholic  Church,  16. 
Rough,  Daniel,  lu. 
Rowens,  Capt.  John,  93,  151,  153,  252. 
Royal  Arcanum,  75. 

Oak,  252. 


Ruascn,  John,  161. 
Riuscll'i  Creek.  161. 
RuMum,   Winlock.  i!6. 
Ruih.  Hon.   Richard.  ; 
Rumley.  Bill]',  170.  i;i 


s: 

e  oi  AshU 

nd!  j,s.    "■ 

s» 

m.  3JJ. 

Si 

J^hS^'s"' 

Gove,  J76. 

Sb 

Fruiciico 

Si 

lord.  idS. 

^^.If--*; 

106.  ISl. 

s. 

nd«,;  Jo< 
Lieut.  Ab 

ph.  ,50 

Sa 

\Ts'.  S'\'. 

Schooner  "Albert  Thomai, 

"Ch  arming 

Betty."  H3. 

;;p..i  Gn 

ad,"  us- 

"Tl^r-V 

lelli  ^nnalli,  A- 


Thomas.   3«,  J9.  41,  jtS 

Skinner).  imT 

Skinner'*  Choice 

y>s- 

Slabtown,  91. 

Slocum,  iiny  Bo 

Slicum,  Ceotae, 

iiS. 

Sincomhe  NoKi, 

Wfi.  M7. 

K& 

emrny. 

70. 

Smallwood.  Color 

Smith.  Dt,  Uenja 

mfn'L., 

104. 

i:.pl.  Henr», 
C.P..  W.  rf. 

Srn.'SWtOh.^. 

a^'li;  i°-Si 

Jr..  119. 

G«rge  A.  2. 

«*.  Ss. 

IlUC    P.,    JJ*. 

te  a 

g.r^* 

170. 

Rev.  Dr.  Williun,  138 

Secret.r7,   116. 

Creek,  87.  Ml.  JJO,  3H- 
of  Slite,  4». 
Sewalls-  CVeek.  iri- 

of   Maryland,    is}. 

Sen^.  ISeorge.  39- 
Sewell.  Gsrreltsan,  E4- 
Seymour,  Governor,  174. 
Shake  ipeare.  igo. 
Sharp,  Gavemor,  Si. 
Shflrpc.  Peter,  31. 
Shawan,   176. 
Shawnee   fndiann.    t7«- 
Shenton,  C.  fiaton,  iij. 


Shepherd- Pat  I  i  Hon  Genealogy,   1 
Shepherd.   Caleb  Lockwood.  }B< 

Jwne;  S..  40.nSj.  319,  sBj. 
Sherwood.  Daniel,  »* 

H„Kh.  .u. 

Vrv  Marj-.  174. 
Shipley.   David.   331. 
Shcal  Crerk.  307. 
Sho-rll.    Ellen.   BI7. 


«    E.    J40. 


ikl  jdhn,^S. 


Somerset  County.  36,  38,  ji.  Ri.  8 
138,  1B7,  we,  JIJ,  116.  ua,  a*j. 
W«,  j8i,  105.  >».  3»i.  US.  3*7. 


*».  3»i. 


«.  &(.  i3<.  ij«.  ins. 


Spiier.  Jeremiah,  150. 

TravM.,  ..so.  »sS 
SpriBK.  Richard.  197.  '93- 

lproj«e!'G«r^."^«. 

Stack,  tienl,  Joseph,  m- 
Sum  ward.  John.  44. 


INDEX 


471 


State  Justices,  165. 

Senators,  435. 
Staunton,  262. 
St.  Cloude,   IS;.        ^      ^ 
St.   Dunstan  Church,  16. 
Steamer  "Cecil,"  243. 

"Pioneer,"  243. 

"Susquehanna,"  340. 

"Kent,"  83. 

"Champion,"  83. 

"George  Washington,"  83. 

"Maryland,"  83. 
Steele,   Dr.  Guy,  308. 

Isaac,  146. 

John    N.,    I49»   »50. 

Tames,  152,  266. 

Mary  Nevett,  304. 

Henry,  197.  W.  30i. 

Dr.  Thomas  B.,  308. 
Stephens,  John,  59- 
Stevens,  Dorothy,  388. 

William,    32,    33,   34.   36.   38»    39.   4i.   42, 
45.  89,  95.  137,  388. 

Magdalen,  137,  388. 

John,  37,  273,  274,  388. 

Family,  388. 

Grace,  389. 

Sarah.  389. 

Joseph,  MO. 
Stevenson,  Dr.  Henry,  277. 

Rev.  James,  11 1. 
Stewart,  Alfred,   166. 

James  A.,  73,  loi,  150,  151,  ^S3*  i54.  »55. 

Joseph,  103. 

William,  162. 

Captain,   249. 

Alfred  R.,  393* 

Donald.  393. 

Major  William  E.,  393- 
Steward,  John,  45.  "48. 
.St.  Tnigoes,  115. 
Stirling,   Aaron,  216. 

Henry,  216. 
St.  James*  Parish,  343. 

St.    Mary's,    14,    19.   ao,   21,    24,   31,   33.    35. 
37.  187.  318, 

County,   104.  276. 

Star  of  the  Sea,  115. 

Whitechapel   Parish,  a66. 
Stillington,  Thomas,  31. 
Stone,  John  Pile,  25. 

Thomas,  31. 

William,  28,  29,  30. 
Stokes.  Peter,  366. 
St.  Paul's  Parish,  no. 
Straits,  105,  106,  171,  210,  213,  248. 
Stratford,  98.  99* 
Straughn.  David,  67,  139. 

Henry,  7<S« 
Levin  E.,  76. 

Strawbridge,  Robert,  118. 
Street,  John,  118. 
Sturdy  Beggar,  2i<,  ^ 
Sulivane,   Capt.  William,  154. 

Clement,   165,   393- 

Daniel,  145.  150.  i97.  326. 

James,   141.  X47.  «>3.  2i3.  2»,  231. 
Summers,  Felix,    169. 
Sumpter.  General,  229. 
Superstitions,    191. 
Sussex   County,  36,  372. 
Sutton.  Philip,  44- 
Sweden,  65. 


Sydney.  Sir  Philip,   190. 
Symonds,  Thomas,  44. 

T. 

Taber.  Nellie  Carroll,  277. 

Talbott,  Sir  Robert,  14.  ^        ^ 

Talbot    County,    39.    89,    "3.    i«>.    »"»    ^l 

259.  267,   270,  290,   294,  304,   307.  324, 
Talbot,  Elizabeth,  383- 

Madam,  ^18,  319. 

Colonel  George,  318. 
Tall,  Anthony.  Jr.,  233. 

Elijah,  250. 

Reuben  S.,  76*  152,   i54. 
f    Thomas,  216. 
Taptico,  William,  44- 
Tar  Bay,  31,  163. 
Tarcell,  Francis,  44,  45- 
Tar  Kiln  Ridge,  343- 
Taylor,   Edward,  44- 

iohn,  104. 
lajor  Thomas,  40.  42,  43* 
Thomas.  44,  46.  59.  fe,  64.  104.  216. 
Taylor's  Island,  104,  no,  133.  203.  241,  248, 

324,  328,  340. 
Neglect,  92. 
Tennessee,  261,  262,  358. 

Campaign,  278. 
Tequashsino,   i75* 
The  Hague.  395- 
The  Pioneer,  371. 
The  Foundation  of  Maryland,  18. 
Thomas,  Henry,  175. 
John,  43. 
John,  Jr.,  234. 
Richard,  55. 
Rev.  Joshua,  286. 
Thompson,  Araminta,  276. 
J.  Watson,  166. 
Rev.  James,  403. 
Rev.  William,  403- 

Robert  F.,  256. 
Thomson,  Rev.  Thomas,  109,  254. 
Thomasinf,  Richard,  44. 
Thome.   Capt.   William,  321. 
Thomhill,  Kobert,  43. 
Thomwell,   Robert,  54. 
Tiawco,  171. 

Tilghman,   Mathew.   199. 
Tick's  Path,  38. 
Tick,  William,  38. 
Tobacco  Stick,  103,  248,  250. 

Bay,   X03. 

Creek.  160. 
Todd's  Chapel,  133. 
Toddsville,  142. 
Todd.  Ensim  John,  203. 

Ensign  Job,   212. 

Jacob.  142. 
TolW,  John.  249. 

Lieut.   Alexander,  203. 

Thomas,  249. 
Towando,  171. 
Tories,  215,. 34f    , 
Travers,  Elirabeth,  163. 

Captain,  203. 

Colonel,  217. 

Henry,   145.  X97,  249. 

Jeremiah.  250. 

John  Ashcom,  132,  202. 

L.  D.,  151. 

Mathias,  149.   150.  249. 

Robert.  249. 


472 


INDEX 


Travers.  William  K,  151,  202,  212,  219. 

(Whig),   153. 

Samuel,  249. 
Trcdway,  Kev.  S.  B.,  78. 
Tregoc,  Koger,  233,  250. 
Trinity  Church,   108. 
Trippe,   Captain,  47. 

Henry,  33,  3^,  39.  41,  42,  44,  45,  47,  48, 

«        49.  59.   172.  241,  272. 
Tubman,  Charles,  115. 

Frank,   115. 

Mrs.  115. 

Richard,  43,  163,  169,  202. 

Robert,   115. 
Tucker,   William,  133,  331. 
Tunes,  Aaron,  55. 
Turner,  Henry,  45. 
Turpin,  Major  Frank,  100. 

Mrs.   Belle  F.,   100. 
Tuttle,  Richard,  148. 
Tybbs,   Levin,  216. 
Tyler,  Capt.  L.  A.,  339. 

iohn  £••.  7^* 
lartha  Jefferson,  293. 
Mrs.  Susie,   115. 
President,  293. 

U. 

Unalachtgo,  171. 
University  of  Oxford,  13. 

Yale.  68. 

of  Maryland,  278. 
United  States,  264,  307. 

Senators,  444. 

Congressmen,  444. 

Senate,  146,  298,  303. 

Navy,  2p5. 

Army  Volunteers,  318. 
Underwood,  Elizabeth,  159. 

Judith,   159. 

Peter,   x6o. 

V. 

Van   Buren,   151. 

Vanderbilt,   Mrs.   Frank  Armstrong,  356. 

Vauffhn,  Robert,  25. 

Rowland,  44. 
Veary,  Governor,  312. 
Veich,  Thomas,  44. 
Venables,  William,  83. 

Widow.  83. 
Vickers,  Mrs.  E.,  115. 

Ezekiel,  133,  203. 
Vicksburg,   114. 
Vienna.   61,   62,   65,   79*   80,   8x.   82,   83*   84* 

85,   86,    107,    133,    136,    X43.    159.    i;8,    284, 
,  300,  303,  3ip.  3". 
Vmton,  E.  P.,  i^ 
Vinson,  Ensign  John,  252. 
Vinnacokasimmon,   32. 
Virginia,    15,    16,  23,   24,   25,   26,  48>  49»   $0, 

65,  89,  95,  96,  97.  98.  99.  131,  134.  170,  181. 

184,  215.   231,   233,   258,    259,  261,   262,   276, 

281,  309,  319,  326,  340,  342,  356,  360,  380. 

mr. 

Waddell,  Daniel  J.,  8<. 

James,  151,  154,  165. 
Waggaman,  l*hos.   E.,  293. 
Wales,  38A. 
Wallace,   Col.   James,  64. 

James,  64,  73*  74.   «55.  258,  396. 


Walter,   Maj.   Levin,  252. 
Walsh,  Thomas  Yates,  83. 
Warren,  L.  K.,  75. 
Ware,  Rev.  Thomas,  119. 
Ward,  Ezekiel,  216. 

George,  147. 

Thomas,  2x6. 
Warfield,   Mrs.   Elizabeth,   X40. 
Warwick  River.  87,  88. 

Fort  Manor,  159,  320,  324,  328. 
Washmgton,  67,  1x4,  247,  271,  306,  308,  3x7. 

George,  X46,  214,  23X,  303. 

Chapel,  X34. 

College^  337. 
Waterec  River,  229. 
Waters,   Rev.  Cyrus,  xii,   148. 
Waterfield.  Rev.  T.,  78. 
Waugh  Cnaple,   xto. 
Webster,  Daniel,  09,  70,  369. 

S.  L.,  75. 

Zachanui,  84. 
Webb,  Thomas,  83. 

Captain,  2sa. 

Thomas  Henry,  83. 

Tames  F.,  85. 
Weller,   Rev.   G.,  xxo. 
Wesley,  John,  90,  X17,   xx8,  132. 

Chapel,  3x7. 
Wesleyan  Methodism,  135. 


Weston,  300,  M2. 
West  Nottingham 
River,  304. 

I  E.,  166. 


Academy,  301. 


Willard 

Virginia,  314. 
Western   Maryland,    X3X. 

Shore,  148,  181. 
Westmoreland  County,  97,  98,  289. 
Wharton,   Marv,  328. 
Whatcoat,    Bishop,    134. 
Wheatlev,   Captain,   203. 
Whcland,  Joseph,  Jr.,  208. 
Wheeler,   tohnj  234. 
IV heeling  Intelhgencer^  383. 
White,  Mrs.  Mary,  X40. 

Eliza,   135. 

Mary  Ann,   135,  27X. 

Dr.    Edward,   54,  61,   133.    «34.    X35.    I39» 
271. 

J.    McKenny,  362, 

Thomas,   68,  271. 

Sarah,   135. 
White  Haven,  xox,  309,  385. 

Marsh,   103,  324. 

House,    189. 
Whitehouse,  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop,  xi2. 
Whittingham,  Bishop,  iii. 
Whittington,  Maj.  William,  51,  331. 
Whiteleys,  398. 
Whiteley,  Arthur,  56,  64.  331,  404. 

Joseph,  252. 
Wicomico   County,  84. 
Wicomico,   82,    97. 
William  The  Conqueror,   280. 
Willis.  Mrs.  John  M.,  285. 

Charles,  114. 

Lieut.  John,  252. 

J.,  149. 
Williams,  John,  X42,  148,  X50. 

Lieut.   Samuel,  252. 

Dr.   Thos.    H.,   202,  326. 
Williamsburg,  91,  p2,  93. 
Willin,  Lieut.  Levin,  203,  2x2. 
Wilmington,  116. 
Willouglhby.   William,  43,  45. 

John,  249.