, Is /
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OF
ENGLAND,
ISgtort t$e <&rrat to tyt
CONSISTING OF
CHARACTERS DISPOSED IN DIFFERENT CLASSES,
AND ADAPTED TO
A METHODICAL CATALOGUE OF ENGRAVED BRITISH HEADS
INTENDED AS
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A HELP TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF PORTRAITS :
INTERSPERSED WITH
A VARIETY OF ANECDOTES,
AND
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NOT TO BE FOUND IN ANY OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL WORK.
WITH A PREFACE,
SHEWING THE UTILITY OF A COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS TO SUPPLY THE
DEFECT, AND ANSWER THE VARIOUS PURPOSES, OF MEDALS.
BY THE REV. J. GRANGER,
VICAR OF SHIPLAKE, IN OXFORDSHIRE.
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Celebrare domestica facta. HOR.
FIFTH EDITION,
WITH UPWARDS OF FOUR HUNDRED ADDITIONAL LIVES.
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VOL. V.
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by J. F. DOVE, St. John s Square.
* BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OF
ENGLAND.
REIGN OF CHARLES II. CONTINUED.
CLASS IV.
THE CLERGY.
ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS.
GlLBERTUS SHELDON, archiepiscopus Cantuari-
ensis ; half length; h. sh. mezz.
The print exactly corresponds with the original painting of him
in the theatre at Oxford. There is another original at Amesbury,
similar to the former.
GILBERTUS SHELDON ; a head copied, from this
print, by Vertue ; large 4fc>.
GILBERTUS SHELDON, &c. D. Loggan ad vivum
del. et sc. This was done when he was bishop of
London.
ARCHBISHOP SHELDON ; an engraving, Svo. copied
from the larger mezzotinto.
ARCHBISHOP SHELDON ; Svo. mezz.
GILBERT SHELDON, &c. Clamp.
VOL. V. B
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Translated
from Lon
don, Aug.
1663.
Translated
from Car-
Use, June
20, 1664.
GILBERT SHELDON, &c. Gardiner ; 4to. 1797.
There is a good print of his monument in Croydon church, in
Lyson s " Environs of London."
GILBERT SHELDON. T. Nugent sc. In Harding s
" Biographical Mirrour" 1793.
Archbishop Sheldon was some time warden of All-Souls College,
in Oxford, and clerk of the closet to Charles I. who had a great
esteem for him. He was, upon the restoration of Charles II. who
knew his worth, and during his exile had experienced his munifi
cence, made dean of the chapel royal. He was afterward succes
sively promoted to the sees of London and Canterbury, in both
which he succeeded Dr. Juxon. His benevolent heart, public spirit,
prudent conduct, and exemplary piety, merited the highest and most
conspicuous station in the church.* He expended, in public and
private benefactions, and acts of charity, no less than 66,000/. as
appeared from his accounts. Much of this money was appropriated
to the relief of the necessitous in the time of the plague, and to the
redemption of Christian slaves. The building only of the theatre
in Oxford cost him 16,000/. This structure alone is sufficient to
perpetuate the memory of the founder and the architect. Ob.
9 Nov. 1677.
RICHARDUS STERNE, archiepiscopus Ebora-
censis. F. Place f. large h. sh. mezz.
RICHARD STERNE. Harding sc. 1799.
Richard Sterne, who was educated at Cambridge, was, in the
reign of Charles I. master of Jesus College in that university, f and
chaplain to Archbishop Laud. Upon the commencement of the
civil war, when the king s necessities were very urgent, he, and se
veral others of the heads of houses, were very instrumental in send-
* Dr. Eachard, in the Dedication of his second Dialogue against Hobbes, says,
that he was able to live down many " Leviathans. 5
t In the " Strafforde Papers," vol. i. p. 208, is this passage, in a letter of G. Gerard
to the lord-deputy Wentworth : " The long-disputed business for the headship of
St. John s College, in Cambridge, is now at an end, &c. and one Sterne, a solid
scholar, who first summed up the three thousand and six hundred faults that were
in our printed Bibles of London, is by his Majesty s direction to the Bishop of Ely,
who elects there, made master of Jesus College."
OF ENGLAND. 3
ing the Cambridge plate to his majesty to be coined for his use.
This gave great offence to Cromwell, who seized Dr. Sterne, Dr.
Beale, master of St. John s College, and Dr. Martin, master of
Queen s, and carried them to London ; where they were imprisoned
for a year, and afterward sent on board a ship at Wapping, put
under hatches, and treated with great inhumanity.* A little before
the execution of his good friend and patron, the archbishop, he was
permitted to attend him, and performed the last offices for hiai on
the scaffold. He lived in great obscurity till the restoration, when
he returned to his mastership of Jesus College, which he held till
he was made bishop of Carlisle. He was afterward translated to
York. He was a man of worth, and of good abilities as an au-
thor.f He compiled a system of logic ; and wrote a comment upon
the 103d Psalm. He gave 1850/. towards the rebuilding of St.
Paul s church. Ob. 18 June, 1683, m. 87.
HUMPHREDUS HENCHMAN, episcopus Lon-
dinensis. Lely p. half length ; h. sh. mezz.
HUMPHREY HENCHMAN ; small whole length, book
under his right arm. Hollar f. In " Carter s Honour "8$c.
Humphrey Henchman, who was educated at Clare -hall, in Cam- Translated
bridge, was, for his merit, promoted to the chantorship of Salis- bury Scot
bury, in the reign of Charles I. He was one of those that helped to 15, 1663.
conceal Charles II. and were instrumental to his escape, after the
battle of Worcester. Several of the royalists who assisted the king
upon this important occasion, were rewarded by him at the resto
ration, and were then among the most popular persons in the king
dom. Dr. Henchman succeeded Dr. Duppa in the see of Salisbury
and was removed to London upon the translation of Dr. Sheldon to
Canterbury. He was, soon after his removal, made lord-almoner.
When the declaration for liberty of conscience was published, he
was much alarmed, and strictly enjoined his clergy to preach
* See more hi the " Querela Cantabrigiensis," at the end of the " Mercurius
Rusticus/ p. 4, & seq. It is there said, that some actually made it their business
to get them sold to Algiers for slaves.
t He had the honour of being reported the author of the " Whole Duty of Man,"
now ascertained to have been written by Lady Packington. See Masters s" History
of Corpus-Christ! College, in Cambridge," where there is a good account of him.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
March 15, against popery, though it gave great offence to the king. His ex-
1671-2. ample was followed by the other bishops. He was editor of the
" Gentleman s Calling," supposed to be written by the author of
the " Whole Duty of Man."* Ob. Oct. 1675.
HENRICUS COMPTONUS, episcopus Londinen-
sis. Loggan sc. 1679 ; large h. sh. Henry Compton
was successor to Bishop Henchman in the see of Lon
don. There is some account of him in the next reign.
JOHANNES COSIN, episcopus Dunelmensis. W.
Dolle sc. Before his " History of Transubstantiation"
1676; Svo. : f f [ ^aH;.".mME fcSOI ewti
Consec. John Cosin was master of Peter-house, in Cambridge, and dean
660. f Peterborough, in the reign of Charles I. in which he enjoyed
several other considerable preferments. He was accused of intro
ducing superstitious innovations in the church of Durham, of which
he was then a prebendary,! by Peter Smart, who had been pro
secuted by him for preaching against episcopacy. He held his
deanery but a short time, as he was the first of the clergy who were
sequestered from their dignities and benefices by the parliament. J
In 1643, he retired to Paris, where he was appointed chaplain to
the Protestant part of Queen Henrietta s family. He succeeded Dr.
Morton in the see of Durham ; and while he sat in that see, expended
more than 36,000/. in public and private charities and benefactions.
He died Jan. 15, 1671-2, in the 78th year of his age. His prin
cipal work, which shews him to have been a man of learning, is his
" Scholastical History of the Canon of the Holy Scripture ;" a book
still in esteem. The first edition was published in 1657, the second
in 1672; 4to. oil .y
BRIAN DUPPA, quondam episcopus Wintoniensis.
R. W. (White) sc. Before his " Holy Rules and Helps
of Devotion " 8$c. small Ylmo. 1674.
* See the epistle prefixed to the octavo edition of that book.
t He is, in Rapin s " History," said to have been dean ; but this is a mistake.
\ He was installed dean in November, 1640.
OF ENGLAND. 5
There is a portrait of him at Christ Church, in Oxford, of which
college he was dean.
Brian Duppa, who was successively promoted to the bishoprics Translated
of Chichester and Salisbury by Charles I. was, upon the restoration
of Charles II. advanced to the see of Winchester. He had been 4,
preceptor to the latter of these princes, and was, in all respects, well
qualified for that important office. He was a very handsome per
sonage, of a graceful deportment, and of an irreproachable life.
He lived in retirement at Richmond during the usurpation ; and was
then hospitable, generous, and charitable, to a degree beyond his
fortune. He is said to have received 50,OOOZ. for fines, soon after
his translation to Winchester. It is certain that he remitted no less
than 30,000/. to his tenants, and that he left 16,000/. to be expend
ed in acts of charity and munificence. He left legacies to Christ
Church, and All-Souls College, in Oxford ; and to the several cathe
drals in which he sat as bishop ; and founded an almshouse at
Richmond. The king asked his blessing on his knees, as he lay on
his death-bed. He died March 26, 1662. He was author of ser
mons, and several books of devotion. When he was bishop of
Chichester, he published his tf Jonsonius Verbius," which is a col
lection of verses in praise of Ben Jonson and his works, by above
thirty different hands.
GEORGE MORLEY, bishop of Winchester. P.
Lely p. R. Tompson, exc. large h. sh. mezz.
GEORGE MORLEY, &c. Lely p. Vertue sc. 1740.
In the collection of General Dormer, at Rowsham.
Illust. Head.
GEORGE MORLEY, &c. in the " Oxford Almanack"
1744.
GEORGE MORLEY, &c. sitting in a chair; h. sh.
mezz.
This print, as I learn from Vertue s manuscript, was
done by Vansomer.
There is a portrait of him at Christ Church, in Oxford, of which
he was canon, and afterward dean.
There is another by Sir Peter Lely, at Amesbury.
6 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Translated George Morley, some time chaplain to Charles I. was a polite
from Wor- scholar, and an eminent divine, especially in controversy. He was,
14, 1662. * n ^ e ear ty P art f his life* one f Ben Jonson s sons. He was also
an intimate friend of Lord Falkland, Mr. Hyde, Mr. Chillingworth,
Mr. Waller,* and others of the first eminence in the late reign.
One of his excellences, which raised him much in the esteem of
all his friends, helped to degrade his character in the opinion of
his enemies. This was his wit, which was natural, but uncommon;
keen, but inoffensive. The very faculty was condemned by many
in this age, without the least regard to its application. After the
death of the king, he retired to the Hague, where he attended on
Charles II. He afterward resided at Antwerp, where he was very
assiduous in his ministerial duty. During his residence abroad, he
contracted an intimacy with Rivetus, Heinsius, Salmasius, Bochart,
and other persons of rank in the learned world. Upon the resto
ration, he was made dean of Christ Church, and the same year
bishop of Worcester, whence he was translated to Winchester.
His constant practice was to rise at five o clock in the morning, to
go to bed at eleven, and eat but once a day. By these rules he
preserved his health, with very little interruption, through the
course of a long life. He died Oct. 29, 1684. His writings are
chiefly on polemical subjects. f
PETRUS MEWS, Wintoniensis episcopus, &c.
qui pugnavit et oravit pro pace regni et ecclesicE.
D. Log g an ad vivum del. et sc. h. sh. There are two
oval prints of him, smaller than the former, without the
name of an engraver.
DR. PETER MEWS, &c. in a square. D. Loggan;
T. Trotter sc. 4to. . .-.= - -
His portrait is at St. John s College, in Oxford, of which he was
president.
* Mr. Morley was under an arrest for a debt, when this gentleman first became
acquainted with him ; and it is said that he paid the debt, on condition that he
would live with him at Beconsfield, which he did for many years. Mr. Waller ac
knowledged that he was indebted to him for his taste of the ancient classics. See
the " Life of Waller," before his works, 12mo.
t In 1683, he published several treatises in a quarto volume. In the preface is a
good account of the religious character of Anne Hyde, dutchess of York, before her
conversion to popery.
OF ENGLAND. 7
Peter Mews, who was a fellow of St. John s College, left that Translated
society upon the commencement of the civil war, and entered into frm Bath
J . TIT/.- an( J Wells,
the royal army, where he was promoted to the rank 01 a captain. to winches-
He served the kino; both in England and Scotland, and afterward ter, 22 Nov.
"1 fiftd.
retired beyond the seas. In the time of the interregnum, he entered
into holy orders, and was, by a relation, presented to the rectory of
Lambourn, in Essex, which he was not suffered to enjoy. As he
had been a zealous royalist, preferments were heaped upon him after
the restoration, and he rose by the usual gradations to a bishopric-
In February, 1672-3, he was promoted to the see of Bath and
Wells, whence he was translated to Winchester. Mr. Wood tells
us, that " when he sat in the former of these sees, he was much be
loved and admired for his hospitality, generosity, justice, and fre
quent preaching. Bishop Burnet represents him as a man of
very slender abilities, with a small pittance of learning, who by his
zeal and obsequiousness raised himself through several steps to his
high station in the church. In 1685, he again appeared in arms
to oppose the Duke of Monmouth. Ob. Nov. 9, 1706.
His portrait may be placed in the next reign, in which it was pro
bably engraved. See the reign of James II.
ROBERTUS SANDERSON, episcopus Lincolni-
ensis, JEt. 76, 1662. Loggan, sc. h. sh. This appears
to be the original print.
ROBERTUS SANDERSON, episcopus Lincolniensis.
W. Hollar f. 1668; I2mo.
ROBERTUS SANDERSON, &c. 2Et. 76. W. Dolle sc.
Before his " Sermons, with his Life;" folio.
ROBERTUS SANDERSON, &c. JEt. 76. R. White sc.
Before his " Life" 1678 ; Svo.
ROBERT SANDERSON ; in the " Oxford Almanack"
1733.
Dr. Sanderson, who stands at the head of all casuists, ancient c nsec.
28 Oct.
or modern, was frequently consulted by Charles I. His casuistry
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
is founded on the clear principles of truth and equity, and is very
different from that which hath been taught in the schools of the
Jesuits; in which sophistry was substituted for argument, and dis
guise and mental reservation for candour and sincerity.* He was,
especially in the former part of his life, remarkable for his excessive
modesty ; an infirmity oftener seen in men of the quickest sensibility
and the best understanding, than in the half-witted, the stupid, and
the ignorant. He would often lament this weakness to his intimate
friends. His Latin lectures, read in the divinity school at Oxford,
are well known. f His Sermons still maintain their reputation for
clearness of reason, and a purity of style, which seems to be the effect
of it. 06.29 Jan. 1662-3.
Archbishop Usher has given us a just and admirable character
of this great prelate, which may been seen at p. 531, of Lloyd s
" Memoirs. 7
NICHOLAS MONCK, lord-bishop of Hereford, &c.
* The moral character of this great and good man has lately been rashly and
feebly attacked by the author of the Confessional,^ and as ably defended by the
author of " A Dialogue between Isaac Walton and Homologistes." Every enemy
to church-government hath been, for the same reason, an enemy to Bishop Sanderson
and every other prelate ; but I am confident that the uprightness and integrity of
his heart, as a casuist, was never before called in question by any man who was not
an entire stranger to his character. He saw and deplored, and did his utmost,
honestly and rationally, to remedy the complicated ills of anarchy in church and
state ; when " every man projected and reformed, and did what was right in his
own eyes. No image can better express such a condition, than that of a dead animal
in a state of putrefaction; when, instead of one noble creature, as it was when life
held it together, there are ten thousand little nauseous reptiles growing out of it,
every one crawling in a path of its own."||
t Casuistry has perhaps started more difficulties than ever it solved ; as nothing
is more common than for scruples to multiply upon reflection. Dr. Sanderson was
frequently embarrassed in nice points, and was sometimes at a loss to know which
reason should preponderate, among the variety that offered, when the clock in
formed him that it was time to read his lecture. He was then obliged to determine
from necessity. It is observable, that the hasty decisions which he made were ge
nerally the same that he afterward adhered to, upon the maturest deliberation.
$ Telumque imbelle sine ictu
Conjecit. VIRG.
See the 2d edit, of the " Confessional," betwixt page 299, and 313.
Lond. 1768, 8vo.
|| Mudge s u Sermons." Sermon on the Evils of Anarchy, p. 86.
OF ENGLAND. 9
Jos. Nutting sc. a small head, with several others of
the Rawlinson family ; 4to.
NICHOLAS MONCK, bishop of Hereford, 1660 ; oval,
in a square frame, small, W. Richardson.
Nicholas Monck was third son of Sir Thomas Monck, of Pothe- Consec.
ridge, in Devonshire,* and brother to the general. He lived some 1 g6 . 1 f
years upon a small benefice in that county ; but was, before the
restoration, presented by Sir John Greenvile to the rectory of Kilk-
hampton, worth about 300/. a year. Sir John, at the same time,
signified to him, that if he should have occasion to use his interest
with his brother, he hoped he might depend upon him : Mr. Monck
assured him that he might. He was afterward employed by that
gentleman and sent to Scotland to engage the general in the king s
service. It is probable that the arguments he used had their due
weight ; but he could not prevail with his brother to enter into con
fidence with him. His near relation to the man that set the king %
upon the throne, and his own personal services, entitled him to
preferment. He was therefore in June, 1660, made provost of
Eton College, and soon after promoted to the bishopric of Here
ford. He could scarcely be said to enjoy this preferment, as he
died within a year after his promotion, on the 17th of December,
1661.
EDWARDUS REYNOLDS, episcopus, Norvicen-
sis. R. White sc. I2mo.
Edward Reynolds, preacher at Lincoln s-Inn, and one of the Consec.
assembly of divines, was by the authority of parliament, preferred
to the deanery of Christ Church, in Oxford, on the 12th of April,
1648, soon after the ejection of Dr. Samuel Fell. About two years
after, he was himself ejected, and Dr. John Owen, who was as
highly esteemed and revered by the independents, as Dr. Reynolds
was by the Presbyterians, was promoted to that deanery, which he
* The Moncks of Potheridge are said to have descended from Arthur Plantagenet,
viscount Lisle, a natural son of Edward IV. It is asserted, that the race of Plan
tagenet became extinct with that of Monck : this is very improbable, as the Fitz-
Edwards were doubtless as numerous as the Fitz-Charles s. But it was not usual,
in the age of Edward, for the natural sons of kings to be created dukes, or even so
much as owned.
VOL. V. C
10 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
enjoyed for about nine years. In 1659, Dr. Reynolds was again
restored ; but the next year was obliged to give place to Dr. Morley,
who was appointed dean by royal authority. The king, soon after
his restoration, endeavoured to bring over to the church some of
the most eminent divines among the dissenters, by offering them
dignities. They all refused, except Dr. Reynolds, who accepted
of the bishopric of Norwich. He was universally allowed to be a
man of extraordinary parts, and discovers in his writings a richness
of fancy, as well as a solidity of judgment. He died the 29th of
July, 1676, and was buried in the new chapel belonging to his
palace, which was built at his own expense.
JOHN RACKET, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry,
2Et. 78, $c. Fait home sc. Over the head is this motto.,
" Serve God and be chearful." There is a character
of cheerfulness in his countenance.* This head is pre-
jixed to his " Century of Sermons."
JOHANNES RACKET, &c. 1670. Faithorne sc.
Svo.
Consec. The motto of this worthy prelate was perfectly adapted to his
c ^ aracter - He was pious and humane, learned and eloquent, and
highly esteemed by all that knew him. As his temper was naturally
lively, these advantages still added to his innate cheerfulness, and
rendered him the happy man that he appeared to be. He was chap
lain in ordinary to James I. who preferred him to the rectories of St.
Andrew s, Holborn, and Cheam, in Surrey.f He was in the next
reign promoted to a prebend and residentiary s place in the church
of St. Paul, London ; but was soon after forced to quit that, and
his rectory of St. Andrew s, which he recovered at the restoration.!
* Character, of any kind, is the strongest presumptive proof that a portrait is like
the person represented.
t " Biog. Brit." p. 2456.
| Dr. Hacket, when minister of St. Andrew s, Holborn, having, soon after the
restoration, received notice of the interment of a fanatic, belonging to his parish,
got the Burial Office by heart. As he was a great master of elocution, and was
himself always affected with the propriety and excellence of the composition, he de
livered it with such emphasis and grace, as touched the hearts of every one present,
and especially of the friends of the deceased, who unanimously declared, that they
never heard a finer discourse. But how were they astonished, when they were told
OF ENGLAND. 11
He was, the year after, advanced to the bishopric of Lichfield and
Coventry. He caused the magnificent cathedral, which Dr. Plot
calls " the finest public building in England/ * to be repaired and
beautified, at the expense of 20,000/. He wrote, during his retire
ment with his pupil Sir John Byron, at Newstede Abbey, his Latin
comedy, entitled, " Loyola," which was twice acted before James I.
His " Sermons," and his * Life of Archbishop Williams," to whom
he was domestic chaplain, were published after his decease. The
former are too much in the style of Bishop Andrews ; the latter is
thought to be too favourable to the character of the archbishop.
But this is not to be wondered at, as it is as difficult for a good na-
tured and grateful person to speak ill of his friend and patron, as
it is to speak ill of himself. Ob. 28 Oct. 1670, Mt. 78.
EDWARD RAINBOW, bishop of Carlisle, M. 74.
Sturt sc. Before his " Life" by Jonathan Banks.
Six English verses. Copied by Richardson.
Edward Rainbow was born at Bliton, near Gainsborough, in Consec.
Lincolnshire, on the 20th of April, 1608. He was educated at
that it was taken from our Liturgy, a book which, though they had never read, they
had been taught to regard with contempt and detestation !|
This story, but without the name of Dr. Hacket, who was certainly meant, is
circumstantially told in Bishop Sprat s excellent Discourse to his Clergy, 1695,
p. 15, &c.
* The west fronts of the cathedrals of Lichfield, Wells, and Peterborough, are
greatly and deservedly admired : so is the church of Salisbury, which was begun
early in Henry the Third s reign, and finished upon a settled plan, without any
variations ; and is therefore by far the most regular of all our ancient churches ;
but these beautiful and magnificent Gothic structures are by no means comparable
to the church of St. Ambrose at Milan, and the cathedral at Rheims. There is a
fine print of the last in Beger s Antiquities of that place \ a small 4to. in French.
t See " Athen. Oxon." ii. coll. 1168.
\ The worthy Bishop Bull, when a parish-priest, is known to have practised the
same honest art, with like success, in using other offices of our Liturgy. See his
" Life," p. 40 & 55.
See Bentham s " Hist. &c. of the Church of Ely," p. 38, &c. where are some
excellent remarks on our Gothic churches. [In Mr. Grose s beautiful and curious
work, is a no less excellent account of the Saxon architecture.] There are two prints
of the cathedral of Salisbury worth the reader s notice : the one drawn by Jackson,
and engraved by Fougeron ; the other, an inside view, drawn by Biddlecombe,
a gentleman s servant, and engraved by Miller, who used to write his name
Muller.
12 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Magdalen College, in Cambridge, of which he was some time mas
ter. He gave early proofs of the quickness and brilliancy of his
parts, by an extemporary speech, spoken at a public act, when he
was called upon to supply the place of the prevaricator,* who was
ordered, by the vice-chancellor, to be pulled down for his scurrility.
He afterward acquitted himself with honour in an unpremeditated
sermon, preached, at the request of the vice-chancellor, before
the university ; the person whose turn] it was to preach failing to
perform his duty. He was celebrated for his eloquence in the
pulpit ; but his style was, in the former part of his life, too florid,
and bordering, at least, upon affectation, a fault which he after
ward corrected. He was a man of polite manners, uncommon
learning, and of exemplary piety and charity. He died on the
26th of March, 1684, There are only four of his sermons in print,
the most considerable of which is that which he preached at the
funeral of Anne, countess of Pembroke, Dorset, and Montgomery.
There runs through all his works a vein of the pedantry of the two
former reigns.
SETHUS WARDUS, episcopus Salisburiensis.
Loggan sc. 1678 ; large h. sh.
SETH WARD, &c. mezz.
SETH WARD ; an etching. (Claussin) Richardson.
SETH WARD ; in the " Oxford Almanack" 1738.
His portrait, by Greenhill, is in the town-hall at Salisbury.
Consec. Bp. Seth Ward was the first that brought mathematical learning into
20^uf Cr v g ue i* 1 tne university of Cambridge ; where he lectured his pupils
1662, trans- in the " Clavis Mathematical a well known work of the celebrated
jated to Sa- ]\f r< Oughtred. He was followed by Dr. Barrow, who carried this
1667? branch of science to a great height. These able mathematicians
were succeeded by Mr. Isaac Newton, who made such discoveries
as perhaps no human capacity was ever equal to but his own.f
Dr. Ward particularly excelled in astronomy, and was the first that
* Called Terras Filius, at Oxford.
t Dr. John North, who succeeded Dr. Barrow in the mastership of Trinity Col
lege, used to say, that he believed Mr. Newton would have killed himself with
study, if he had not wrought with his hands in making experiments " Life of Dr.
John North, by R. North," p. 243.
OF ENGLAND. 13
demonstratively proved the elliptical hypothesis,* which is more
plain and simple, and consequently more suitable to the analogy
of nature, than any other. He succeeded Mr. John Greaves, as
Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford, and was, a little before
the restoration, elected president of Trinity College, in that uni
versity ; but was soon after forced to quit this preferment. He
published several books of divinity ; but the greatest part of his
works are on mathematical subjects. See the " Athense Oxoni-
enses." This very able man, whose character was exemplary as a
prelate, died on the 6th of January, 1688-9. He was a close rea-
soner and an admirable speaker, having, in the House of Lords,
been esteemed equal, at least, to the Earl of Shaftesbury. He was
a great benefactor to both his bishoprics, as, by his interest, the
deanery of Burien, in Cornwall,f was annexed to the former, and
the chancellorship of the Garter to the latter, for ever. He was
polite, hospitable, and generous ; and, in his lifetime, founded the
college at Salisbury, for the reception and support of ministers
widows ; and the sumptuous hospital at Buntingford, in Hertford
shire, the place of his nativity. His intimate friend, Dr. Walter
Pope, the noted author of " The old Man s Wish," has given us
a just and curious account of his life, interspersed with agreeable
anecdotes of his friends.
JOHN DOLBEN, lord-bishop of Rochester. J.
Haysmam (Huysmans) p. Tompson exc. large h. sh.
mezz.
JOHN DOLBEN, &c. together with Bishop FELL
* Glanvill s " Plus Ultra," p. 46.
t The last dean of Burien was Dr. Thomas Wykes,t who Lad more wit than dis
cretion, and was notorious for his puns, of which the following is recorded by Dr.
Pope. When Charles I. was in Cornwall, in the time of the civil war, Dr. Wykes,
being well mounted, was near his majesty : " The king spoke thus to him, " Doctor,
you have a pretty nag under you : I pray, how old is he ?" To which he, out of
the abundance of the quibbles of his heart, returned this answer : " If it please your
majesty, he is in the second year of his reign (rein)." The good king did not like
this unmannerly jest, and gave him such an answer as he deserved, which was this :
" Go; you are a fool."
t He was the last dean before the annexation of the deanery to the bishopric of
Exeter. It has since been separated from that see.
$"LifeofSethWard,"p. 59.
14 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and Dr. ALLESTRY. Lely p. Loggan exc. large, h. sh.
mezz.
JOHN DOLBEN, &c. 4>to. from an original picture.
W. Richardson.
There is a portrait of him at Christ Church.
Consec. John Dolben, who distinguished himself by the early pregnancy
1666 f his parts at Westminster school, was, in 1640, elected a student
of Christ Church, in Oxford. In the civil war, when that city was
made a garrison for the king, he entered a volunteer into the royal
army. .He acquitted himself so well in his military capacity, that
he was soon made an ensign, and at length advanced to the rank
of a major. Upon the disbanding of the army, he again applied
himself to his studies ; and having entered into holy orders, he
was, upon the restoration, preferred to a canonry of Christ Church.
He was afterward made archdeacon of London, clerk of the closet
to the king, and dean of Westminster. In 1666, he was advanced
to the bishopric of Rochester, with which he held his deanery in
commendam. He was a man of great generosity, candour, and
benevolence, and was justly admired as a preacher. The people,
as they afterward did in the reign of Anne, assembled in crowds
to hear
" Him of the western dome, whose weighty sense
Flow d in fit words, and heavenly eloquence."
DRYDEN S ABSOLOM, &c.
He was afterward translated to York, and died the llth of
April, 1686. Two or three of his sermons only are in print.*
* In the " History and Antiquities of Rochester, &c."t by an able hand, is the
following character of him, taken from a manuscript of Sir William Trumbull, who
drew this great and good man from the life. " He was an extraordinary comely
person, though grown too fat ; of an open countenance, a lively piercing eye, and
majestic presence. He hated flattery ; and guarded himself with all possible care
against the least insinuation of any thing of that nature, how well soever he de
served. He had admirable natural parts, and great acqu red ones; for whatever
he read he made his own, and improved it. He had such a happy genius, and such
an admirable elocution, that his extempore preaching was beyond, not only the most
of other men s elaborate performances, but (I was going to say) even his own. I
have been credibly informed, that in Westminster Abbey, a preacher falling
ill after he had named his text, and proposed the heads of his intended discourse,
the bishop went up into the pulpit, took the same text, followed the same method,
t Printed at Rochester in 8vo. 1772. p. 176, 177.
OF ENGLAND. 15
JOHANNES WILKINS, nuper episcopus Ces-
triensis. M. Beak p. Blootdmg sc. large h. sh.
JOHANNES WILKINS, &c. White sc. Before his
11 Principles and Duties of Natural Religion" 1675;
Svo.
JOHANNES WILKINS, Sec. Start sc. Svo. prefixed
to his " Art of Flying."
JOHN WILKINS; in the " Oxford Almanack" 1738,
1739.
Dr. Wilkins, a man of a penetrating genius and enlarged under- Consec.
standing, seems to have been born for the improvement of every 15
kind of knowledge to which he applied himself. He was a very
able naturalist and mathematician, and an excellent divine. He
disdained to tread in the beaten track of philosophy, as his fore
fathers had done ; but struck into the new road pointed out by the
great Lord Bacon. Considerable discoveries were made by him
and the ingenious persons who assembled at his lodgings in Oxford,
before the incorporation of the Royal Society ; which was prin-
and, I believe, discoursed much better on each head than the other would have done.
In the judgment he made of other men, he always preferred the good temper of their
minds above all other qualities they were masters of. I have had the honour lo
converse with many of the most eminent men at home and abroad, but I never yet
met with any one that in all respects equalled him. He had a large and generous
soul, and a courage that nothing was too hard for; when he was basely calumniated,
he supported himself by the only true heroism, if I may so phrase it, I mean by ex
alted Christianity, and by turning all the slander of his enemies into the best use of
studying and knowing himself, and keeping a constant guard and watch upon his
words and actions; practising ever after (though hardly to be discovered, unless by
nice and long observers) a strict course of life, and a constant mortification. Not
any of the bishops bench, I may say not all of them, had that interest and autho
rity in the House of Lords which he had. He had easily mastered all the forms of
proceeding. He had studied much of our laws, especially those of the parliament,
and was not to be brow-beat or daunted by the arrogance or titles of any courtier or
favourite. His presence of mind, and readiness of elocution, accompanied with good
breeding and an inimitable wit, gave him a greater superiority than any other lord
could pretend to from his dignity of office. In him we lost the greatest abilities,
the usefulest conversation, the faithfulcst friendship, and one who had a mind that
practised the best virtues itself, and a wit that was best able to recommend them to
others ; as Dr. Spratt well expresses it in bis life of Mr. Cowley."
I make no apology for exceeding my usual length in this note ; the character will
best apologize for itself.
10 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
cipally contrived by Theodore Haak, Mr. Hartlib,* and himself.
His books on prayer and preaching, and especially his " Principles
and Duties of Natural Religion," shew how able a divine he was.
His " Essay towards a real Character and Philosophical Language,"
is a masterpiece of invention,! yet has been laughed at together
with his chimeras : but even these shew themselves to be the chi
meras of a man of genius 4 He projected the impracticable " Art
of Flying," when the nature of the air was but imperfectly known.
That branch of philosophy was soon after much improved by the
experiments of his friend Mr. Boyle. This excellent person whose
character was truly exemplary, as well as extraordinary, died much
lamented, the 19th Nov. 1672.
PETRUS GUNNING, Eliensis episcopus. Loggan
sc. large h. sh.
PETER GUNNING ; inscribed, " The Bishop of Ely "
J. S. (mith) exc. small 4to. mezz.
There is a portrait of him in the university library, and another
in the library of St. John s College, in Cambridge.
Consec. Peter Gunning, a man of quick and lively parts, and of uncom-
6 March, mon e i ocu tion, was one of the most distinguished persons of his
Translat. time in polemical divinity. He even carried the war into the enemy s
from Chi- quarters, and not only attacked the Papists, but the sectaries of
4 Mar? every denomination. As the Bible was the book which he princi-
1674. pally studied, he was scarcely equalled as a textuary. He was
also well read in the fathers and ecclesiastical historians, which his
memory enabled him to quote upon every occasion. His zeal for
his religion, which was grounded upon the knowledge of it, was
indeed extraordinary ; but it never carried him to the usual ex-
* See " Pad. Hist." xxi. p. 204, Notes.
t The Index to this " Essay," by the famous Dr. William Lloyd, is also in its
kind a masterpiece.
| Such was his attempt to shew the possibility of a voyage to the moon ; to
which the Dutchess of Newcastle^ made this objection : " Doctor, where am I to
find a place for baiting at, in the way up to that planet ? 5 Madam, said he, of all the
people in the world, I never expected that question from you, who have built so many
castles in the air, that you may lie every night at one of your own.
See her character, Class IX.
OF ENGLAND. 17
cesses of bigotry; nor was he ever known to hate a man s person,
because he was no friend to his tenets. He, soon after the restora
tion, succeeded Dr. Tuckney, a nonconformist, in the mastership
of St. John s College, in Cambridge, and in the chair of regius pro
fessor of divinity in that university. The ejected professor was sur
prised to find a generous friend and benefactor in his successor,
who settled on him a handsome annuity for life. He and Dr. Pear
son were the chief disputants against the Presbyterian divines, at
the conference held at the Savoy, in the beginning of this reign.*
Bishop Burnet informs us, that " he was a dark and perplexed
preacher," and that his sermons abounded with Greek and Hebrew,
and quotations from the fathers. He was nevertheless admired by
the court ladies : the king said, " they admired his preaching, be
cause they did not understand him/ f Almost all his writings are
on subjects of controversy. I Ob. 6 July, 1684, Mt. 71 . See more
of him in a discourse by Dr. Humfrey Gower, in two sermons
preached soon after his death.
* See a particular account of this conference in the " Life of Baxter," folio.
t He was handsome in his person, and graceful in his manner. This alone would
account for his being admired by the ladies, without that exercise, or rather play of
the imagination, which is sometimes occasioned by an unintelligible discourse.
t See Wood.
Dr. John Edwards, in the manuscript of his own Life, in the possession of the
Rev. Mr. Beadon, of St. John s College, in Cambridge, says, " that he devoured
plenty of authors, but digested none. Though he was at the pains to make long
collections, yet he could not make use of them, not being able to reduce them into
order, and bring them into any tolerable compass : whence it was, that whenever
he came into the pulpit, he marred all with his intolerable length, and stretched his
auditors upon the rack," It should be observed here, that Edwards and he were
not friends.
Mr. Baker, a man of more candour, in his manuscript " History of St. John s
College," speaks thus of him : " He was not the most popular preacher, being too
digressive and unmethodical ; but what was wanting in his method was made up by
his looks, the most graceful and venerable I ever saw. So that though his discourses
were generally long, yet to me they were never tedious ; and I could cheerfully-
follow him through all his rambles, having something in them extremely charming
and apostolical, either from the gracefulness of his person, or the strength and au
thority wherewith they were delivered."!]
f| See a good account of him in Masters s " History of C. C. C. C." p. 157, 158.
" One little story of him is yet remembered in his diocess of Ely, for which he
will perhaps be deemed a sophister. An enthusiast had been holding forth about
the country that the world would be at an end in a year s time. He had got a
VOL. V. D
18 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHANNES PEARSONUS, episcopus Cestriensis,
&c. W. Sonman (Sunman) p. Van Hove sc. h. sh.
JOHANNES PEARSON, JEt. 70. Elder sc. h. sh.
JOHN PEARSON, bishop of Chester, JEt. 70, 1682.
Loggan sc. h. sh.
There is a whole length of him by Whood, disciple of Richard
son, in Trinity College-hall, in Cambridge.* It resembles the head
by Loggan, which is the truest likeness of him.
Consec. This very learned and pious prelate was successively master of
Feb. Jesus and Trinity Colleges, in Cambridge, and also Margaret pro
fessor of divinity in that university. He enjoyed several other very
considerable preferments in this reign, which were as much above
his ambition, as they were below his merit. He was eminently
read in ecclesiastical history and antiquity, and was a most exact
chronologist. He applied himself to every kind of learning that he
thought essential to his profession ; and was in every kind a master.
His works are not numerous, but they are all excellent ; and some
of the least of them shew that he was one of the completest divines
of his age. The chief are, his " Exposition of the Creed," in Eng
lish, and his " Vindication of St. Ignatius s Epistles," in Latin.
The former, which has gone through twelve or thirteen editions, is
one of the most finished pieces of theology in our language. It is
itself a body of divinity, but not a body without a spirit. The style
of it is just ; the periods are, for the most part, well turned ;
the method is very exact ; and it is in general free from those
errors which are too often found in theological systems. f He
* The assemblage of whole length portraits of truly great men, educated? in this
college, gives its hall a noble and venerable appearance.
t There is a translation of this book into Latin by a foreign divine, who styles
himself " Simon Joannes Arnoldus, EccJesiarum balliria;, sive prefecture Sonnen-
burgensis Inspector."
train after him, who neglected their business, and were every day improving in
madness. The bishop sent for him and some of his proselytes, but made no im
pression by reason and argument; for the bottle was full, and all that was poured
on afterward ran over. He found that this leader had some estate, for which he
offered him two years purchase. The man insisted upon twenty as the common
price, which wrought so upon his converts that they all left him upon it." Nath.
Salmon s " Lives of Eng. Bishops," p. 259.
OF ENGLAND. 19
died, after having entirely lost his memory, the 16th of July,
1686.*
JOHN FELL, bishop of Oxford; sitting; in the
same print with John Dolben, bishop of Rochester, and
Dr. Richard Allestry. Bishop Dolben is in the middle,
Dr. Allestry is on his right hand, and Bishop Fell on
his left. Lely p. Loggan exc. large h. sh. me%%.
Portraits of all three are at Christ Church. There is one of
Dr. Allestry in the picture gallery at Oxford: this was given by
Dr. Bathurst : and there is another in the provost s lodge at Eton
College.
JOHN FELL, &c. Sir P. Lilly p. W. Richardson exc.
JOHN FELL; in the " Oxford Almanack" 1724;
among the right hand group.
Dr. John Fell, bom at Longworth, in the county of Berks, bishop Consec.
of Oxford, and dean of Christ Church, was one of the most shining 6 Feb.
ornaments and munificent benefactors to that college. His excel
lent government, while he was at the head of it, raised his repu
tation for discipline to a higher pitch than it ever rose to in any
former period; and it is well known that some of the most distin
guished persons that the kingdom itself ever produced, were trained
up under his inspection. He may be traced as a benefactor through
several parts of his diocess ; and his munificence is seen in every
part of his college. The best rectories belonging to it were pur
chased by him, and he settled on it no less than ten exhibitions. He
for many years published annually some book, generally a classic
author, to which he wrote a preface and notes, and presented it to
the students of his house as a new year s gift. Some of his wri
tings are a proof of the depth, others of the elegance, of his learn-
* There is a print of a dwne, in a common clerical habit, whose name is Pearson.
As I know not where to put it with propriety, I shall mention it in this place. It
is in 12mo. or small 8vo. and engraved by Van Hove. Under the head are these
lines :
Prudence and piety agree
Herein to make an harmony :
Engravers wonders work with ayres ;
But Pearson pierceth with his prayers.
20 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ing ; and the books of which he was editor, particularly the works
of St. Cyprian, are a conspicuous proof of his great industry. He
and Dr. Allestry are supposed to have written almost all the books
attributed to the author of the " Whole Duty of Man."* He has,
in his Life of the learned and pious Dr. Hammond, shewn how
future biographers might do justice to merit in writing his own.
Ob. 10 July, 1686, Mt 61.
THOMAS KENN was promoted to the bishopric
of Bath and Wells at the latter end of the reign of
Charles II. He attended that prince on his death-bed,
and did his utmost to awaken his conscience. Bishop
Burnet tells us, that he spoke on that occasion " with
great elevation of thought and expression, and like a
man inspired." See the next reign.
A SCOTCH PRELATE.
JACOBUS SHARP, St 1 . Andrese archiepiscopus,
totius Scotise primas, &c. Ldy p. Da. Patton delin.
Vcrtue sc. 1710; large h. sh. Over his head is the
crown of martyrdom.
This was afterward altered to Sir William Dawes, by
M. v. Gucht.
JAMES SHARP, &c. prefixed to the " Account of his
Murder" 1679.
JACOBUS SHARPUS, &c. 1675. Loggan sc. h.
JAMES SHARP, archbishop of St. Andrew s, &c.
T. Dudley f. h. sh.
This prelate was, soon after the restoration, sent by the Scottish
Presbyterians to improve their interest with the king, who easily
prevailed with him to abandon that party. He was presently after
This was the opinion of Dean Prideaux, who excepts the " Whole Duty of
Man" itself.
OF ENGLAND. 21
preferred to the archbishopric of St. Andrew s, and intrusted with
the management of ecclesiastical affairs in Scotland. His dignity,
which was of itself sufficiently odious, became much more so when
conferred on a man who was commonly esteemed the betrayer of
the religion of his country ; who was the friend and coadjutor of
Lauderdale, and consequently a persecutor of those that differed
from the established church. He was cruelly murdered by nine
assassins, within a mile of St. Andrew s, the 3d of May, 1679,
after he had sat in that see about seventeen years.
IRISH PRELATES.
MICHAEL BOYLE, archbishop of Armagh, and
lord- chancellor of Ireland. See the next reign.
JEREMY TAYLOR, bishop of Down and Connor. |
R. White sc. Svo. Before his " Contemplations of the
State of Man" 1684 ; Svo. There are two prints of
him standing on a pedestal, inscribed, " Mer curias
Christianas ," <$c. and another before his " Holy Dying"
pointing to a looking-glass, which exhibits a skeleton ; a
man, woman, and child are standing by. This is neatly
engraved by Lombart, and was done before he was made
a bishop.
This excellent prelate was not only one of the greatest divines Consec.
that flourished in the seventeenth century, but was also one of the 27 . Jan -
completest characters of his age. His person was uncommonly
beautiful, his manners polite, his conversation sprightly and engag
ing, and his voice harmonious. He united, in a high degree, the
powers of invention, memory, and judgment ; his learning was
various, almost universal; and his piety was as unaffected as it
was extraordinary. His practical, controversial, and casuistical
writings are, in their several kinds, excellent ; and, " answer all the
purposes of a Christian/ * His Sermons appear to the least ad-
* The ingenious Mr. William Thompson, late of Queen s College, in Oxford, who
was a good judge of divinity, as well as poetry, used to call him " The Homer of
Divines."
22 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
vantage at present ; though they must be allowed to be good for the
time in which they were written.* A brilliancy of imagination ap
pears in all his writings ; but his " Ductor Dubitantium" is a signal
proof of his judgment. f His works have been printed in four, and
also in six, volumes in folio, besides several volumes of devotions
in octavo and duodecimo. His books on " Holy Living," and
on " Holy Dying," which are frequently bound together, and his
" Golden Grove," have passed through many editions. Ob. 13
Aug. 1667.
EDVARDUS WETENHALL, S. S. T. P. Corca-
giensis et Rossensis episcopus. J. Vandervaart p. etf.
large h. sh. mezz. R. Thompson exc.
EDWARD WETENHALL ; mezz. J. Vandervaart p.
J. Becket sc. Probably the same plate as the former.
Consec. Edward Wetenhall, a native of Lichfield, was educated at Exeter
Feb. 1678. College, in Oxford. He was some time minister of Coombe, near
Woodstock, and successively a schoolmaster at Exeter and Dub
lin. He was preferred to the chantorship of Christ Church, in the
latter of these cities, which he enjoyed at the time of his promotion
to the see of Cork and Ross. In 1699, he was translated to the
united sees of Kilmore and Ardagh. He was a man of learning,
especially in divinity, and published a considerable number of ser
mons, and other practical works, and some pieces of controversv ;
of all which Mr. Wood has given us a catalogue. Ob. 1714.
DIGNITARIES OF THE CHURCH, AND
INFERIOR CLERGYMEN. M ; A ;
JOHANNES TILLOTSON, &c. Lely p. Eloote-
ling sc. large h. sh.
* See Birch s " Life of Archbishop Tillotson," p. 22, second edit.
t It should be observed, that the learned and judicious Dr. Dodwell, in his
" Letter on the Marriage Act," p. 32, speaks thus of him : " Dr. Taylor, in his
voluminous writings, said many lively things which will not bear a strict ex
amination."
"
OF ENGLAND. 23
JOHANNES TILLOTSON, S. S. theologies professor,
regise majestati a sacris, decanus Cantuariensis. R. 1572.
White ad vivum delin. et sc. Svo. The portraits of him,
in his episcopal character, belong to the reign of Wil
liam III.
JOHANNES BARWICK, S. T. P. S. Pauli Lon-
dinensis decanus. G. Vertue sc. Before his " Life,
in Latin, 1721; Svo.
John Barwick was born in Westmoreland, and educated at Sed- Installed
berg school, in Yorkshire, where he gave many early proofs of an
uncommon capacity, and particularly distinguished himself by act
ing the part of Hercules, in one of Seneca s tragedies. In the
eighteenth year of his age he was sent to St. John s College, in
Cambridge, where he presently outshone all of his age and stand
ing; and was so remarkable for his abilities, that, when he was
little more than twenty, he was chosen by the members of his col
lege to plead their cause in a controverted election of a master,
which was heard before the privy council. In the time of the civil
war, he was instrumental in sending the Cambridge plate to the
king ; published the ** Querela Cantabrigiensis,"* in which he had
the chief hand ; and wrote against the covenant. He afterward
retired to London, where he undertook to manage the king s cor
respondence between that city and Oxford; which he executed
with great dexterity and address. He also carried on a secret cor
respondence with Charles, whilst he was at Carisbrook Castle, and
was, on many other occasions, of singular service to him. He was
no less assiduous in serving Charles II. He was a man of extra
ordinary sagacity, had a fertile invention, an enterprising genius,
and great courage and presence of mind. He was at length be
trayed by one Bostock, belonging to the post-office ; and was long
confined in a dungeon in the Tower. He was then far gone in a
consumption ; but living upon gruel and vegetables, he, after some
time, recovered to a miracle. Upon his enlargement, he renewed
his correspondence with the king, and is said to have furnished
Lord Clarendon with a great part of the materials for his History.
He conveyed money to his majesty after the execution of Hewit ;
* Printed with the " Mercurius Rusticus."
24 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and was so dexterous in all his conveyances, that he even eluded
the vigilance of Thurloe. See more of him in his " Life," written
in Latin by his brother : there are many curious notes in the ano
nymous translation of it, by Mr. Hilkiah Bedford. Ob. 22 Oct.
1664.
RICHARDUS MEGGOT, S. T. P. decanus Win-
toniensis. Kneller p. Loggan sc. large h. sh.
RICHARDUS MEGGOT, S. T. P. Kneller p. White
sc. large h. sh. This print was afterward copied in
Svo. by the same hand. It may be placed in this or the
next reign.
Installed Richard Meggot, of Queen s College, in Cambridge, was rector
of St. Olave s, in Southwark, and vicar of Twickenham, in Middle
sex. In 1677, he succeeded Bruno Ryves, dean of Windsor, in
his canonry belonging to that church ; and was, in about two years
after, made dean of Winchester. He was a preacher of note in
this reign, in which he published several occasional sermons. Ten
of his discourses were printed together in 1699, octavo. He died
the 7th of Dec. 1692, and was buried in the chapel at Windsor.
RADOLPHUS BATHURST, M. D. Eccl. Cathedr.
Wellensis decanus, reg. maj tl . a sacris, coll. Trin. Prces.
et acad. Oxon. vice-cancellarius, 167G. Loggan sc.
h. sh.
This is supposed to have been done from a portrait in miniature,
drawn by Loggan, which he left his sister. The painting in Tri
nity College-hall was done from the print.
RALPH BATHURST, &c. copied by Walker from the
preceding. It is prefixed to Mr. War ton s " Life" of
him, 1761 ; Svo.
Installed Dr, Bathurst, in the early part of his life, applied himself to the study
28 June, O f divinity, in which he made a very considerable progress. But when
he saw that some churches were defaced or demolished, and others
converted into barracks and stables, and that a learned ministry was
held in the utmost contempt, he changed the course of his studies,
OF ENGLAND. 25
and applied himself to physic. He took a doctor s degree in that
faculty, in which he rose to such eminence, that he was, in the time
of the usurpation, appointed physician to the state. Upon the
restoration, he quitted his profession of physic, was elected a fellow
of the Royal Society, and president of his college : and having
entered into holy orders, he was made chaplain to the king, and
afterward dean of Wells. His learning and talents were various :
he was the orator and the poet, the philosopher and "the divine.
He possessed an inexhaustible fund of wit, and was the facetious
companion at eighty years of age. Ridicule was the weapon that
he made use of to correct the delinquents of his college ; and he
was so absolute a master of it, that he had it always at hand.*
His poetical pieces in the " Musse Anglicanse" are excellent in
their kind : they are much in the spirit of Ovid, who was his
favourite poet. His " Diaf.rihap. Theologicse," in manuscript, which
he began at twenty-three years of age, are much commended by
Mr. Warton. He died greatly lamented by all that knew his
worth, and particularly by the society over which he presided, the
14th of June, 1704, in the 84th year of his age.
GEORGIUS STRADLING, S. T. P. decanus Cices-
triensis, prebendarius-Westmon. R. White sc. Before
his " Sermons" published after his death, 1692 ; Svo.
George Stradling was educated at Jesus College, in Oxford, Installed
whence he was elected a fellow of All-Souls. He continued in the 1672>
university during the interregnum, and was then much esteemed
by Dr. Wilson, the music professor, for his extraordinary skill on
the lute. He was, upon the restoration, made chaplain to Dr.
Sheldon, bishop of London ; and, about two years after, preferred
to a prebend of Westminster. In 1671, he was installed chantor
* Mr. Warton tells us that he took a whip with him " when he went out to sur
prise the scholars walking in the grove at unseasonable hours ;" but that he never
made use of that illiberal weapon. The following anecdote of him was told me by
a gentleman of character : A milch ass, which was kept near his college for an
invalid, who was a member of it, happened to stray into the belfry, and entangling
himself in one of the bell-ropes, made an unusual jangling. Dr. Bathurst sent to
inquire what was the meaning of it, and was told that it was occasioned by the ass.
" I thought," said he, with his usual quickness, " that it was an ass or a gentleman
commoner." This was humour as it came from Dr. Bathurst ; but it was that kind
of humour which by every repercussion loses something of it$ original force.
VOL. V. E
26 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of Chichester, and the next year dean of that church. There is a
short account of him before his " Sermons," by James Harrington,
esq. who gives him the character of a man of learning and exem
plary life. Ob. 19 April, 1688. He lies buried in Westminster
Abbey.
R. LOVE, D. D. dean of Ely, master of C. C. C. C.
etched by Mr. Michael Tyson, 4to. The original is in
the master s lodge.
Richard Love, a native of Cambridge, was educated at Clare
Hall, of which he was some time fellow. In 1632, upon the death
of Dr. Butts, he was, by royal mandate, admitted master of Corpus
Christi College, in Cambridge, and, the next year, chosen vice-
chancellor of the university. He greatly endeared himself to that
learned body, by the signal victory which he gained over Daven
port,* at the commencement; and afterward acquitted himself
with uncommon sufficiency in the course of his office, as Lady Mar
garet s professor of divinity. He was a man of good natural, as
well as acquired, abilities ; and no mean orator. His " moderation
was known unto all men ;" as by his acquiescence in, rather than his
compliance with, the changes of the times, during the civil war and
the usurpation of Cromwell, he, with singular prudence, but with
out prostituting his principles, not only maintained the mastership
of his college when the majority of the heads of houses were ejected,
but so recommended himself to Charles II. that he, soon after the
Installed restoration, was promoted to the deanery of Ely. He published,
1660 about the same time, two Latin Orations; one, upon the king s
return, spoken at the commencement, in 1660; the other addressed
to his majesty in person, at Canterbury, when he y as substitute to
the vice-chancellor, went to meet him on his way to London. He
enjoyed his preferment but a few months, as he deceased in January
the next year.f
JOANNES SPENCER, S. T. P. decanus Eliensis,
* His assumed, or religious, name, by which he commonly went, was Franciscus a
Sancta Clara. He had lately published a book, at Douay, in which he attempted
to reconcile the articles of the church of England with the decrees of the council
of Trent.
t See a particular account of him in Masters s " History of C. C. C. C."
OF ENGLAND, 27
et Colkgii Corporis Christi apud Cantabrigiensis custos.
Vertue sc. 1727; h. sh.
This very learned author was, for his singular merit, elected Installed
master of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge, in 1667 ; and was 1677 e > p
afterward preferred to the deanery of Ely. He published a " Dis
course upon Prodigies," together with another concerning Prophe
cies, Lond. 1665; 8vo. His " Dissertatio de Urim et Thummirn,"
&c. was printed at Cambridge, in 8vo. 1678. But his capital work
is his book " De Legibus Hebrseorum," the best edition of which
was published by Mr. Chappelow, in two volumes folio, 1727, to
which is prefixed his head, engraved at the expense of the society
of Corpus Christi College. Ob. 27 May, 1695, Mt. 63.
GULIELMUS HOLDER, S. T. P. &c. Societatis
Regice Londini socius, 1683. D. Loggan ad vivum
del. h. sh.
WILLIAM HOLDER; in Hawkins s " History of
Music C. Grignion.
Dr. William Holder was educated at Pembroke Hall, in the uni
versity of Cambridge. About the year 1642, he was presented to
the rectory of Blechingdon, in Oxfordshire. After the restoration,
he became canon of Ely, canon-residentiary of St. Paul s, and sub-
dean of the chapel royal. He was a man of a truly philosophic
genius, of which he has given abundant proof in his " Elements of
Speech, an Essay of Enquiry into the natural Production of Let
ters ; with an Appendix concerning Persons that are deaf and
dumb." His " Treatise on the natural Grounds and Principles of
Harmony," is allowed to be as rational a discourse on that subject
as was ever published. He exactly knew the powers of the organs
of speech, and composed a Natural Alphabet adapted to those
powers. This would be a much more eligible alphabet for the Chi
nese, who have not yet adopted any, than that which is now in use.
It was much controverted, whether the glory of first teaching deaf
and dumb persons to speak, and understand a language, was due to
him or Dr. Wallis. The true theory of the art appears to have been
published by the latter, in his book " De Loquela," which came
forth about six years before Mr. Popham was taught to speak by
28 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Dr. Holder.* Peter de Cestro, physician to the Duke of Mantua,
is said to have been the first that hit upon this discovery.f Ob.
24. Jan. 1697. He lies buried with his wife, who was only sister
to Sir Christopher Wren, in the vault under St. Paul s cathedral.
See more of him in " Athen. Oxon." II. col. 139.
JOHANNES CONANT, S. T. P. black cap,$c. Svo.
Dr. John Conant was, in the time of the interregnum, rector of
Exeter College, in Oxford ; where he maintained a strict discipline,
and caused that society to flourish more than any other in the uni
versity. In 1654, he was appointed king s professor of divinity, in
the room of Dr. Sanderson ; but was obliged to resign the chair to
him upon the restoration. In 1662, he was ejected from his rectory
of Exeter College for nonconformity ; but afterward conforming,
he became vicar of All-Saints, at Northampton, and was by Bishop
Installed Reynolds, whose daughter he had formerly married, made arch-
s junT 0011 Beacon f Norwich. He was a few years after preferred to a pre-
1676. bend of Worcester. He was a man of a modest and amiable cha
racter ; of exemplary piety ; and was, in other respects, well qua
lified for the preferments which he enjoyed. He particularly ex
celled as a preacher. Several volumes of his Sermons were published
by Bishop Williams. Ob. March, 1693.
THOMAS HYDE, archdeacon of Glocester ; a bust.
Cipriani del. F. Perry sc. Before the collection of his
works published by Dr. Gregory Sharpe, Oxon. 1767.
Installed Doctor Thomas Hyde is a great character, but is much less
" known than he deserves to be, because the studies in which he was
occupied are but little cultivated. Those that are acquainted with
the oriental languages are astonished at the progress which was
made in them by one man, though aided by the powers of genius,
supported and strengthened by incessant industry. Before he was
eighteen years of age, he was sent from Cambridge to London by
* Vide " Athen. Oxon." ii. col. 139, and Wallis s " Memoirs and Sermons,"
8vo. 1791.
t See the " Universal Magazine" for Jan. 1762, p. 15, et seq. It is obvious to
observe here, that the first rudiments of a newly-discovered art are generally so im
perfect, that the improver of it not only receives his own share of honour, but even
that which was due to the first inventor.
OF ENGLAND. 29
the celebrated Abraham Wheelock, to assist Mr. Brian Walton in
the great work of the Polyglot Bible ; and, about that period, un
dertook to transcribe the Persian Pentateuch out of the Hebrew
characters, which Archbishop Usher, who well knew the difficulty
of the undertaking, pronounced to be an impossible task to a native
Persian. After he had happily succeeded in this, he assisted in
correcting several parts of Mr. Walton s work, for which he was
perfectly qualified. Of all his learned writings, the very catalogue
of which is a singular curiosity,* his " Religio veterum Persarum"
is the most celebrated. This will ever be a valuable book. Dr.
Gregory Sharpe, the learned and ingenious master of the Temple,
has collected several of his pieces, formerly printed, and repub-
lished them, with some additional Dissertations and his Life pre
fixed, in two elegant volumes in quarto. Dr. Hyde was archdeacon
of Gloucester, canon of Christ Church, head keeper of the Bodleian
library, and professor both of Hebrew and Arabic in the university
of Oxford. He was interpreter and secretary of the oriental lan
guages during the reigns of Charles II* James II. and William III.
He was perfectly qualified to fill this post, as he could converse in
the languages which he understood. There never was an English
man, in his situation of life, who made so great a progress in the
Chinese. Bochart, Pococke, and Hyde, are allowed to have been
the greatest orientalists that any nation ever produced. Ob. Feb.
18, 1702. I am informed by a good hand,f that his mind had been
so much engrossed by his beloved studies, that he was but ill qua
lified to appear to any advantage in common conversation.
EDVARDUS LAKE, S. T. P. M. Vander Gucht
sc. Svo.
EDWARD LAKE, &c. G. Vander Gucht sc. Before
his " Officium Eucharisticum" \^mo. copied from the
former. It is uncertain when the picture was done
from which his head was engraved.
Edward Lake, who had been a member of both universities, but
took his degrees at Cambridge, was chaplain to James, duke of
York ; and as we learn from the inscription on his monument, he
* See it in the " Athen. Oxon." or the " Biographia."
t The Reverend Mr. Merrick, of Reading, whose father knew him well.
30 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was also tutor and chaplain to his two daughters, Mary and Anne,
who afterward sat upon the throne of Great Britain. Mr. Wood
informs us, that he was prebendary and archdeacon of Exeter, and
rector of the united parishes of St. Mary Hill and St. Andrew Hub-
bard, in London. He was a man of uncommon piety and charity,
and a celebrated preacher. He died the 1st of February, 1703-4,
and lies buried in the collegiate church of St. Catharine, near the
Tower, where a monument is erected to his memory. Le Neve,
by mistake, says that he was buried in the church of St. Mary
Hill.*
MARCUS FRANCK, S. T. P. &c. W. Dolle sc.
small h. sh.
Mark Franck, master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and arch
deacon of St. Alban s, was author of fifty sermons, published in
folio, 1672, with his print prefixed. His character and prefer
ments, except his rectory of Barley, in Hertfordshire, to which he
was admitted on the 2d of February, 1663, are mentioned in the
following inscription, which was formerly on his monument, near
the entrance of the north door of St. Paul s, but perished soon after
its erection, together with the church, in the conflagration of
the city.
Hoc marmore tumulatur,
Doctrina, pietas, charitas,
Quippe monumentum illius Marci Franck,
S. T. D.
Archiepiscopo Cantuarensi a sacris,
Sancti Albani archidiaconi ; hujus ecclesise thesaurarii
et prebendarii,
Cujus
Virtutem, humilitatem, eloquentiam,
in singulis sagacitatem,
Dictis metiri non liceat ; dicat posteritas.
QV ... ( setatis anno LI.
" ( salutis MDCLXIV.
ISAAC CASAUBON. Vander Werff. P. v. Gunst.
Prefixed to his and his son s " Epistolce" fol.
* See Le Neve s " Fasti," p. 93.
OF ENGLAND. f 31
Isaac Casaubon, born at Geneva 1559, was invited by James I.
into England upon the death of Henry IV. of France. James , justly
esteeming him as a man of the first rank in the learned world,
made him his librarian, and afterward promoted him to a prebend
of Canterbury, and likewise granted him a pension of 300/. per
annum. He died the 1st of July, 1614, in the 55th year of his
age ; and was buried in Westminster Abbey ; where a tomb was
erected to his memory, by Thomas Morton, bishop of Durham.*
MERICUS CASAUBONUS. Is. F. (Isaaci Films)
p. Vr. Werff p. Van Gunst sc. h. sh. In the large
volume of his father s and his own works ; Roterodami,
1709.t
MERIC CASAUBON. R. Schothii ; Svo.
Meric, the learned son of the most learned Isaac Casaubon, was
born at Geneva in 1599, and brought into England by his father
when he was about eleven years of age. He received his educa
tion at Christ Church, in Oxford, under Dr. Edward a Meetkirk,
the king s Hebrew professor. Whilst he was a student of that
house, he acquired a great reputation at home and abroad for a
" Vindication of his Father against an Impostor of the Church of
Rome," who published under his name a book on the origin of
idolatry. He also published, by command of King James, another
vindication of him against the Puritans of that age. These two
pieces, which are in Latin, were the foundation of his fame. He
intended to pursue his father s great work against Baronius s
" Annals," but was prevented by the distractions of the civil war,
which interrupted the course of his studies. Cromwell made him
large offers on condition of his writing the history of that turbulent
period, which he thought proper to decline. He also declined the
advantageous overtures made him by Christina, queen of Sweden,
who, with a view to the advancement of learning, was desirous of
his settling in that country. He was successively rector of Bledon,
in Somersetshire, and Ickham, in Kent, and is entitled to a place
* See his epitaph, composed by Dr. Thomas Goad, rector of Hadley, in Suffolk,
in the " Antiquities of Westminster Abbey." See Barwick s " Life of Bishop
Morton," p. 73.
t See Batteley s " Cant. Sacra," p. 127. See also Wood.
32 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Installed among the dignitaries of our church as a prebendary of Canterbury.
"1 &7 1
His works in divinity and philology, particularly his " Notes on
Classic Authors," bear a sufficient testimony to his learning and
abilities ; but the honour of the latter is believed to be in some mea
sure owing to his father, as it is more than probable that he availed
himself of his papers. What he has written concerning apparitions
and spirits, and particularly his account of Dee and Kelly, deserves
the notice of the curious reader, who may see a detail of his works
in the " Athense Oxonienses." He died in July, 1671.
BENJAMIN CALAMY, S. T. P. Drapentier sc.
h. sh. There is a large half -sheet print of Calamy,
with the name of Henry Finch, dean of York, affixed.
BENJAMIN CALAMY, D. D. I. V. P. E. D. C. f.
et exc. 4to. mezz.
BENJAMIN CALAMY, S. T. P. M. Vandergucht
sc. Svo. Before his volume of " Sermons"
Installed Benjamin Calamy, chaplain in ordinary tc the king, and preben-
1685 18 ^ ar y ^ 4 * ^ au ^ s was son f t* 16 famous Edmund Calamy, for
merly mentioned, by a second wife. In 1677, he succeeded Dr.
Simon Ford as minister of St. Mary Aldermanbury, in London, of
which church his father was formerly minister. In 1683, he was
preferred to the vicarage of St. Laurence Jewry, with St. Mary
Magdalen, Milk-street, annexed. Though he was of a noncon-
forming family, he was a true son of the church of England, and
one of her most distinguished ornaments. He was courteous and
affable in his behaviour, exemplary in his life, and one of the best
preachers and writers of his time. He has left us but few sermons;
but these few are an abundant proof that he possessed that strength
and clearness of head, as well as goodness and sensibility of heart,
which are essential to the character of a Christian orator. He
died, to the regret of all that knew him, in January, 1686.
EDWARD POCOCKE, D. D. &c. W. Green del.
F. Morellon la Cave sc. h. sh. Engraved from his
portrait in the picture gallery at Oxford.
OF ENGLAND. 33
EDWARD POCOCKE, &c. in the " Oxford Almanack"
1749, 1758.
Dr. Edward Pococke, canon of Christ Church, in Oxford, and Restored to
rector of Childrey, in Berkshire, in the reigns of Charles I. and II. 27
was the greatest orientalist of his age. He acquired an early repu- 1660.
tation at home and abroad, by publishing the four epistles which
were wanting to a complete edition of the New Testament in the
Syriac language.* He made two voyages into the East, where he
attained to a perfect knowledge of the Arabic tongue, which he
spoke with fluency and propriety. He collected a considerable
number of coins and manuscripts for Archbishop Laud, and re
turned to England from his second voyage in 1640,
Spoliis Orientis onustus.
He was the first that read the Arabic lecture founded by his patron
the archbishop :f he was also professor of Hebrew : and discharged
the duties of both these employments with great punctuality and
sufficiency. He was ejected from his canonry of Christ Church for
not taking the Engagement; and was succeeded by Peter French,
brother-in-law to Cromwell. He was very near being ejected from
his living of Childrey for " ignorance and insufficiency ; but Dr.
Owen, the learned independent, interested himself in his behalf,
and prevented his ejectment. He translated several books out of
the Arabic, and Grotius " Of the Truth of the Christian Religion,"
into that language. He was not only a master of Hebrew, Arabic,
Syriac, Greek, and Latin, but was also well acquainted with the
Persic, Samaritan, JEthiopic, Coptic, and Turkish languages : he
understood the Italian, and was not ignorant of the Spanish. Ob.
10 Sept. 1691, &t. 87. His Commentaries on Micah, Malachi,
Hosea, and Joel, together with his " Porta Mosis," were published
in two volumes folio, in 1740. by Mr. Leonard X wells, with the
head and life of the author prefixed,!
* These epistles were the second of Peter, the second and third of John, and that
of Jude.
t When Pococke was in the East, the mufti of Aleppo laid his hand upon his
head, and said, " This young man speaks and understands Arabic as well as the
mufti of Aleppo."
J Samuel Clarke, a native of Brackley, in Northamptonshire, and some time of
Merton College, in Oxford, was contemporary with Pococke, and in the next emi
nence to him for oriental learning. He was the first architypographus of the uni~
versity, to which was annexed the office of superior beadle of law. He held both
VOL. V. F
34 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
RICHARDUS ALLESTRY, S. S. T. professor reg.
Oxon. aedis Christi canonicus, coll. ^Etonensis prsepo-
situs reg. majestati a sacris. Loggan ad vivum delin.
h. sh.
RICHARD ALLESTRY, D. D. in the same print
with his two friends. Bishop Dolben and Bishop Fell.
The original picture was painted by Lely.
It is remarkable that this worthy triumvirate bore arms for
Charles I. in the civil war.
Doctor Allestry was educated in the grammar-school at Coven
try, under Dr. Philemon Holland the translator, and afterward at
Christ Church, in Oxford, under Mr. Richard Busby, who was
then an eminent tutor. His parts, which were very extraordinary,
were improved by a no less extraordinary industry. He had been
seen, when he bore arms for Charles I. to carry his musket in one
hand, and his book in the other. He was very active in the service
of Charles II. before his restoration ; and was employed more than
once by the royalists in transacting business with that prince during
his exile. In 1660, he was made a canon of Christ Church, and
chaplain in ordinary to the king ; and was, soon after, appointed
regius professor of divinity. He sat in the chair seventeen years,
and acquitted himself in it with honour. In 1665, he was appoint
ed provost of Eton College, where he raised the school, which he
found in a low condition, to an uncommon pitch of reputation.
The west side of the outward quadrangle of that college was built
from the ground at his expense. The excellent Dr. Hammond,
who was his intimate friend, left him his valuable library, which he
bequeathed himself to his successors in the divinity chair. His
eagerness for study, and his intention of mind while he was em
ployed in it, was so great, that it impaired his constitution, and
hastened his death. He died Jan. 27, 1680-1. Forty of his ser
mons, to which his head is prefixed, were published by Bishop Fell.
His Life, before his Sermons, contain some particulars well worth
the reader s notice.
these employments upwards of ten years, and was possessed of them till the time of
his death, which happened on the 27th of December, 1669. His portrait is in the
gallery at Oxford, See particulars in " Athen. Oxon." vol. ii. col. 456, &c.
OF ENGLAND. 35
ROBERT SOUTH, canon of Christ Church, was i nsta iied
an eminent preacher at court, and the scourge of fa- D 6 ec * 29
naticism, in this reign. Some of his contemporaries
could not even read his sermons with a safe conscience ;
as elegance of style in divinity was, in their estima
tion, scarce a venial crime ; but wit was a mortal sin.
His portrait belongs to the reign of William III.
See Noble s Continuation.
DR. BRUNO RYVES ; an etching. C. Towneley
fecit; Svo.
DR. BRUNO RYVES ; small oval, mezz. Woodburn
exc. Svo.
Dr. Bruno Ryves was vicar of the parish of Stanwell, in the
county of Middlesex, and rector of St. Martin s in the Vintry-
ward, London. He was a noted and florid preacher, and being
chaplain to King Charles I. suffered with his royal master, was
sequestered from his vicarage and parsonage, and forced to fly in
order to save his life. He attended King Charles II, in his exile,
and was by him made dean of Chichester, and master of the hos
pital there, but had no profit of either till the restoration : when
being sworn chaplain in ordinary to the king, he was preferred to the
deanery of Windsor, and to the rectories of Acton, in Middlesex,
and Hasely, in Oxfordshire, and was appointed scribe of the most
noble order of the Garter. Dr. Ryves was author of several works,
particularly " Mercurius Rusticus, or the Country s Complaint,"
and " Querela Cantabrigiensis," giving an account of the suffer
ings of the clergy in that university ; and the " Micro Chronicon,
or a Brief Chronology of the Battles and Sieges in which his Majesty
King Charles I. was engaged, from the beginning of the Civil Wars
to March 25, 1647." Some sermons were published by him, upon
1 Tim. vi. 10. 2 Tim. iv. 7, and one preached before the House of
Commons, in 1660. He died at Windsor, July 13, 1677, and lies
buried in the isle, on the south side of St. George s chapel there ;
and over his grave, on a marble table fixed in the wall, is a large in
scription in Latin to his memory, portraying his merits, sufferings,
and preferments.
36 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
EZEKIAS BURTON, S. T. P. canonicus Noi-vi-
censis. M. Beak p. R. White sc. Before his " Ser~
mom" 1684; Svo.
Hezekiah Burton, fellow of Magdalen College, in Cambridge,
and an eminent tutor there, was, for his singular merit, made chap
lain to the lord-keeper Bridgeman in 1667, and the same year pre
sented by him to a prebend of Norwich. In the beginning of the
year 1668, a treaty was proposed by the lord-keeper, for a compre
hension of some of the dissenters, and a toleration of others. Dr.
Tillotson, Dr. Stillingfleet, Dr. Burton, and the lord chief-baron
Hale, were very desirous of an accommodation ; and ready to do
every thing to promote it, if it could be done without betraying the
interests of the church. But this scheme met with such powerful
opposition, that the debates upon the terms of union were presently
concluded. Dr. Burton, who was a man of great prudence, mode
ration, and sweetness of temper, was snatched from the world when
he was capable of doing most good in it ; and wheri his incessant
labours and exemplary piety promised a great deal. His friend
Dr. Tillotson, who well knew the worth of the man and the value
of his writings, published two volumes of his discourses.* These,
though never intended for the public, and consequently not so per
fect as if he had put his last hand to them, give us a high idea of
the piety, and no mean one of the abilities of the author. Ob.
1681. See more of him in the preface to the first volume of his
" Discourses," and in Birch s " Life of Dr. Tillotson."
THOMAS FULLER, S. T. D. m. 53, 1661. D.
Loggan sc. Over his head is this motto , " Methodus
Mater Memorise ;" underneath are these verses :
" The graver here hath well thy face designed,
But no hand Fuller can express thy mind ;
For that a resurrection gives to those
Whom silent monuments did long enclose."
Before his " History of the Worthies of England"
1 662 ; fol.
* The only thing that he ever published himself was the Preface to Dr. Cumber
land s book of the " Laws of Nature."
OF ENGLAND. 37
I am informed that the best impressions are before his " Pisgah
Sight
He is placed here as a prebendary of the cathedral church of Collated.
Salisbury. See the reign of Charles I. I63i 16
JOS. GLANVILL, &c. qui vehiculum mutavit quarto
die Novemb. 1680.* W. Faithorne sc. Before his
" Discourses, Sermons" <fyc. 1681 ; 4 to.
It appears from the inscription on his monument that he was a
prebendary of Worcester.
Joseph Glanvill, rector of Bath, chaplain to Charles II. and
F. R. S. was a man of good natural and acquired abilities, and of
considerable eminence as a divine and philosopher. He was author
of " Essays on several important Subjects, in Philosophy and Reli
gion ;" " An Essay concerning Preaching," &c. &c. He has, in his
" Plus Ultra," which is the scarcest and most estimable of his works,
pointed out the discoveries in the new world of science, by the
light of reason and experiment. In his " Saducismus Triumpha-
tus," he has endeavoured to discover the secret transactions of the
kingdom of darkness ; and has brought variety of arguments, and
a large collection of relations, to prove the real existence of witches
and apparitions. f He wrote in defence of the Royal Society, and
the new philosophy, against Dr. Henry Stubbe, a man of parts and
learning, but positive, arrogant, and dogmatical ; and extremely
averse from the belief of any truths, but such as were familiar to
himself.
JOHANNES LIGHTFOOT, S. T. P. &c. R. White
sc. h. sh.
John Lightfoot, who was educated at Christ s College, in Cam
bridge, was first engaged in the study of rabbinical learning, by
the persuasion and example of Sir Rowland Cotton, who greatly
* The date of his death on this print, which agrees with that on his monument in
the abbey-church of Bath, serves to rectify a mistake of Mr. Wood, who informs
us that he died on the 4th of October.
t Beaumont, in his " Treatise of Spirits, Apparitions, Witchcraft," &c. has
written on the same side with Glanvill. The reader may see a collection of argu
ments and relations on the other side of the question, in Scot s " Discovery of
Witchcraft," and Webster s " Display of supposed Witchcraft."
38 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
assisted him in the Hebrew. He was, by this gentleman, to whom
he dedicated the first fruits of his studies, presented to the rectory
of Ashley, in Staffordshire. Here he applied himself for twelve
years to searching the Scriptures ; and the world was soon after
informed that his researches were to some purpose, by the books
that he published, which are so many proofs of his industry, learn
ing, and judgment. He was afterward chosen minister of St. Bar
tholomew s, behind the Exchange, and a member of the assembly
of divines which sat at Westminster ; and was preferred by the
parliament visitors to the mastership of Catharine Hall, in Cam
bridge. He offered to resign his mastership at the restoration, but
it was not accepted ; and he had soon after a confirmation of
that and his benefice from the king. The lord-keeper Bridgeman,
who professed a great esteem for him, presented him to a prebend
Installed in the church of Ely.* His " Horae Hebraicre" is esteemed his
Feb. 5, most valuable work. His style is not good : it is probable that he
paid but little attention to it. His greatest excellence was criticism.
His works, which rendered his name famous throughout Europe,
are in three volumes folio,f besides his " Remains." Ob. Dec. 6,
16754 . . . . .... -. ,, , . . ... . -
* " Biographla," p, 2935.
t The edition here meant is that published by J. Leusden at Utrecht, 1699.
\ He was succeeded in the mastership of Catharine Hall by Dr. John Eachard,
author of a noted piece of drollery entitled, " The Grounds and Occasions of the
Contempt of the Clergy and Religion inquired into, in a Letter written to R. L."
This pamphlet, which was published without the author s name, made a great noise-
in the world, and was soon answered by several clergymen. The " Letter to R. L.
and the Dialogue betwixt " Philautus and Timothy," on Hobbes s " State of Na
ture/ are the most considerable of this author s works, which have been evidently
studied by Dr. Swift. It hath been said of him, that he had no talent at all for
serious subjects.
The celebrated Mr. Baker, of St. John s College, in Cambridge, in a blank leaf
of his copy of Dr. Eachard s " Letter on the Contempt of the Clergy," observes,
that he went to St. Mary s with great expectation to hear him preach, but was never
more disappointed. It has been said, that he took the instances of absurdity and
nonsense in this letter, from his father s sermons. Echard the historian tells us,||
that he was too nearly related to him to give him his just character without suspi
cion of partiality.
His works have been lately reprinted, with an additional pamphlet, by Thomas
Davies, in Russell-street, Covent-garden.
|| P. 922, edit. 1720. It is observable that Laurence Echard differed from John
in the spelling of his name.
OF ENGLAND. 39
EDMUNDUS CASTELLUS, S. T. P. ecclesiae
Christ! Cantuariensis, canonicus,* &c. JEt. 63, Anno
1669; Fait home p. ct sc. large h. sh.
Dr. Edmund Castle, who had been many years a member of Installed
Emmanuel College, in Cambridge, was, in his advanced age, ad- * 685 *
mitted into St. John s in that university. In 1666, he was chosen Q U jere.
Arabic professor ; to which preferment he was entitled by his
merit as an orientalist. He had several years before, given very
eminent proofs of his abilities in the laborious work of the Polyglot,
which he revised and corrected. A great part of his life was spent
in compiling his " Lexicon Heptaglotton," on which he bestowed
incredible pains and expense, even to the breaking of his constitu
tion, and exhausting his fortune. f At length, when it was printed,
the copies remained unsold upon his hands. He died in 1685,
and lies buried in the church of Higham Gobyon, in Bedfordshire,
of which parish he was rector. It appears from the inscription on
his monument, which he erected in his lifetime, that he was chap
lain to Charles II. He bequeathed all his oriental manuscripts to
the university library at Cambridge, ;on condition that his name
should be written on every copy in the collection. See more of
him at the end of " Thomas de Elmham," published by Hearne,
p. 356, 427, and in " Lelandi Collectanea," by the same editor,
vol. vi. p. 80 ; also in Dr. Pocoeke s " Life," fol. p. 50, notes,
and p. 66.
See an account of Dr. Ralph Cudworth, and Dr. Jos. Beaumont,
lower down in this class : the former was prebendary of Glocester,
the latter of Ely.
PETRUS HEYLIN, S. T. P. ecclesiee collegiate
Sancti Petri Westmonasteriensis canonicus, Martyri
et super stiti Carolis, patri ac jilio, Magnce Britannia,
8$c. monarchis^ dam viveret, a sacris. Before his " His
torical and Miscellaneous Tracts" 1681 ; fol.
Peter Heylin was educated at Magdalen College, in Oxford, Installed
where he applied himself early to the study of cosmography, and F eb endary,
i\ O v i/j
1631.
* It appears from Le Neve s " Fasti," that Dr. Castle was prebendary of the
eighth stall in the cathedral church of Canterbury,
t He expended no less than 12,000/., upon that work.
40 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
read a course of lectures in that science, from which he in a great
measure composed his " Microcosm, or little Description of the
great World ;" which was twice printed in small quarto in the reign
of James I. This book, which was afterward enlarged, was the
foundation of his fame as an author, and the work to which lie put
his last hand, when his eyes failed him. It has been often reprinted,
and has more merit than any of his compilations. His u History
of St. George," recommended him to Charles I. who, soon after he
presented it to him, preferred him to a prebend of Westminster,
and to the rectory of Houghton in the bishopric of Durham. He
was ejected from his prebend and other preferments in the time of
the civil war. He, like James Howel, supported himself by his
pen ; and he appears, by the number and bulk of his books, to have
kept pace at least with that author in writing. He even continued
to publish when he could no longer see to write ; and retained an
amanuensis to the time of his death. He was much in favour with
Archbishop Laud, and distinguished himself in the controversy be
tween that prelate and Archbishop Williams, concerning the placing
of the altar. It appears, from the inscription on his monument in
Westminster Abbey, that he was sub-dean to that church ; which
was the highest preferment he enjoyed, though he strongly ex
pected a bishopric. His knowledge in history and divinity was
extensive ; but he wrote with more ease than elegance ; and his me
mory, which was very extraordinary, was better than his judgment.
He is not free from the leaven and acrimony of party- prejudice.*
The generality of his writings are in no great esteem at present;
but his " Help to History," which is a work of great utility, de
serves particular commendation. f Some of the best of his pieces
* Dr. Glocester Ridley, in his " Second Letter to the Author of the Confessional,"
p. 179, speaks thus of him: " Doubtless he was biassed and warm to a degree,
which, notwithstanding tbe dreadful provocations that he and his party underwent,
was very blarnable ; but I know not that he misrepresented things deliberately
and wilfully."
t His " Historia Qninquarticularis" is among these tracts. It relates to the quin-
quarticular controversy, which was warmly agitated in this and the preceding reign.
It turned upon the five points, which were the grand subject of debate betwixt the
Calvinists and the Armenians ; namely, the eternal decrees ; freewill ; grace and
conversion; the extent of Christ s redemption and universal grace; and the perse
verance of the saints. Limborch s " Theologia Christiana/ founded on the Armi-
nian scheme, and translated into almost every language of Europe, had a great
effect towards putting an end to this controversy. Dean Swift s judgment on
Heylin s " Hist, of the Presbyterians" is just published, in a small pamphlet called
au Appendix to his Works.
OF ENGLAND. 41
are in the collection of historical and miscellaneous tracts above-
mentioned. Ob. 8 May, 1662.*
GULIELMUS OUTRAMUS, S. T. P. ecclesise S u .
Petri apud Westmonasterienses canonicus (preben-
darius). R. White sc. Svo. Before his " Twenty Ser
mons, published from the Author s own Copies, by the.
Rev. Dr. James Gardiner, now Lord Bishop of Lincoln,"
1697; Svo.
Dr. Owtram was a man of great industry, chanty, and piety, and Installed
an excellent preacher. Mr. Baxter speaks of him as one of the ?!& 30
best and ablest of the conformists.! Indeed such was his modera
tion, that men of all persuasions spoke well of him. Dr. Gardiner
tells us, that he never could be prevailed with, either by the entreaty
of his friends or the authority of his superiors, to publish any of his
sermons. The five printed under his name are not genuine. He
was famous for his knowledge in almost all kinds of science, parti
cularly in rabbinical learning ; of which he has given eminent proof
in his book De Sacrifices," &c. Ob. 23 Aug. 1679, m. 54.
He lies buried in Westminster Abbey.
THO. BARLOW, S. S. Theol. Dr. col. reg. prse-
positus, et pro D. Margareta S. S. theol. professor
publicus, Oxon. 1672. D. Loggan ad vivum sc. h. sh.
See an account of him among the bishops in the next reign.
TIMOTHY HALTON succeeded Dr. Barlow in the
provostship of Queen s College, in Oxford. His por
trait belongs to the reign of William III. See Noble s
Continuation.
ISAACUS BARROW, S. T. P. reg. Ma tl . a sacris,
coll. S. S. Trini. Cantab, praefec. nee non acad. ejusdem
* See Wood. The Epitaph on Dr. Heylin, which is a good composition, was
written by Dr. John Earle, then dean of Westminster4
t " Life," part Hi. p. 19.
t Vide " Hist, et Antiq. Univ. Oxon," lib. ii. 205.
VOL. V. G
42 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
procanc. 1676. Loggan delin, Before his English
works, fol. This print has been copied in small Svo. by
the same engraver, and also by M. Vander Gucht, and
Lud. Du. Guernier*
The name of Dr. Barrow will ever be illustrious for a strength
of mind and a compass of knowledge that did honour to his coun
try. He was unrivalled in mathematical learning, and especially
in the sublime geometry ; in which he has been excelled only by
one man, and that man was his pupil .f The same genius that
seemed to be born only to bring hidden truths to light, to rise to
the heights, or descend to the depths of science, could sometimes
amuse itself in the flowery paths of poetry. He at length gave
himself up entirely to divinity ; and particularly to the most useful
part of it, that which has a tendency to make men wiser and better.
He has, in his excellent sermons on the Creed, solved every diffi
culty, and removed every obstacle that opposed itself to our faith,
and made divine revelation as clear as the demonstrations in his
own " Euclid." He was famous for the length as well as the
excellence of his sermons. He knew not how to leave off writing
till he had exhausted his subject; and if his life had been prolonged
to seventy years, he might perhaps have gone as far towards
exhausting science itself as ever man did.|| This excellent person,
* Dr. Barrow would never consent to have his picture drawn ; but Mrs. Mary
Beale drew it by stealth, whilst some of his friends held him in discourse. This
portrait was in the collection of James West, esq. See Abraham Hill s " Life of
Dr. Barrow," prefixed to his works, four pages from the end. The biographer, who
was the doctor s intimate friend, says, that " his picture was never made from the
life." Hence 1 took the liberty to omit " ad vivum" after " Loggan," in the first
edition of this work. It is however possible, that the engraver might also have
stolen his likeness.
t Sir Isaac Newton.
J He composed verses both in Greek and Latin.
He was three hours and a half in preaching his admirable sermon on " The Duty
and Reward of Bounty to the Poor." It must be acknowledged that this discourse
was too long for the pulpit : Dr. Barrow did not consider that the very oppor
tunities of doing good might be lost whilst we are attending to the rules of it. The
life of man is too short for such long sermons.
|| The reader will be delighted with his copious and exact description of wit, in the
sermon upon " Foolish Talking and Jesting." This alone is a sufficient specimen
of his marvellous talent for exhausting the subject. Such were his richness of
thought and copiousness of expression, upon the common business of life, that no
two of the letters that he wrote to solicit contributions for Trinity College library
are alike. These letters are deposited in the library.
OF ENGLAND. 43
who was a bright example of Christian virtue, as well as a prodigy
of learning, died the 4th of May, 1677, in the 47th year of his age.
His English and Latin works are in four volumes folio.
R. CUDWORTH, D. D. Loggan del. 1684. G.
Vertue sc. Svo.
Dr. Ralph Cudworth, who held the same rank in metaphysics
that Dr. Barrow did in sublime geometry, was, in the former
part of his life, a very eminent tutor at Emmanuel College, in
Cambridge, where he entered at thirteen years of age. He had no
less than twenty-eight pupils at one time under his care, among
whom was Mr. William Temple.* He was afterward appointed 1645
master of Clare Hall,f where he had a share in the education of
Mr. John Tillotson. He had the courage to stem the torrent of
irreligion and atheism that prevailed in the reign of Charles II. by
publishing his " True Intellectual System;" a book well known for
the excellence of its reasoning, and the variety of his learning. He
understood the oriental languages,]: and was an exact critic in the
Greek and Latin. He was a good antiquary, mathematician, and
philosopher ; and was superior to all his contemporaries in meta
physics. He was father to the learned and accomplished Lady
Masham, of Gates, in Essex, in whose house Mr. Locke spent the
last fourteen years of his life. This learned and pious man died
June 26, 1688, in the 71st year of his age.
BENJAMIN WHICHCOT, S. S. T. P. R. White
sc. Svo. Before the Jirst volume of his " Discourses. 9
An original picture of him is in the possession of my ingenious
and very worthy friend, the Reverend Mr. Bagshaw, minister of
Bromley, in Kent.
Dr. Whichcot, when he was about thirty-five years of age, was
made provost of King s College, in Cambridge, of which he was a
prudent and vigilant governor. He was afterward successively
minister of Black Friars and St. Laurence Jewry, in London, where
he was universally beloved and respected as a parish priest. He
was a man of great moderation and sweetness of temper. His
X
* Afterward created a baronet.
$ In 1654 he was preferred to the mastership of Christ s College.
t He, in 1645, succeeded Dr. Metcalf as regius professor of Hebrew.
44 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
notions of religion were like his charity, exalted and diffusive, and
never limited by the narrow prejudices of sects and parties. He
was much disgusted with the dryness and foolishness of preaching
that prevailed in his time, and encouraged the young students of
his college to form themselves after the best models of Greece and
Rome. He was indeed himself an example of plain and unaffected
eloquence, as well as of sincere piety. Mr. Baxter numbers him
with the " best and ablest of the conformists ;"* and another author
speaks of Chillingworth, Cudworth, and Whichcot, as " men of
manly thought, generous minds, and incomparable learning."f He
died at the house of Dr. Cudworth, master of Christ s College, in
May, 1683, in the 74th year of his age. His funeral sermon was
preached by Dr. Tillotson, who, though his friend, is guilty of no
exaggeration in his character. The first volume of his " Discourses *
was published, with a preface, by Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury,
author of the * Characteristics ;" the three next by Dr. John
Jeffery, archdeacon of Norwich ; and the last by Dr. Samuel
Clarke. He was a considerable benefactor to the university of
Cambridge.
DR. JOSEPH BEAUMONT, late the king s pro
fessor of divinity, and master of St. Peter s College,
in Cambridge. R. White sc. Frontispiece to his
" Psyche" fol. , ^ - - ; ^ -M * ^ w ./^ #
Dr. Joseph Beaumont succeeded Dr. Pearson in the mastership
of Jesus College, in Cambridge, in 1662; and was, within two
years afterward, appointed master of Peter-house. In 1672, he
was preferred to the chair of regius professor of divinity, in which
he sat many years with great reputation. He was author of
" Psyche, or Love s Mystery, in twenty-four Cantos, displaying
the Intercourse betwixt Christ and the Soul." This allegorical
poem was not without its admirers in the last age. Giles Jacob
calls it an invaluable work. The second edition of it was printed in
1702. Dr. Beaumont also wrote " Observations upon the Apology
of Dr. Henry More, 1 Camb. 1685; 4to. A considerable number
of his poems, &c. were published in quarto, by subscription, in
* " Life of Baxter," part iii. p. 19.
t The ingenious author of a " Dialogue on the Uses of Foreign Travel, addressed
to Lord Molesworth," 1764, 8vo. p. 178.
OF ENGLAND. 45
1749, with the life of the author prefixed. He died in 1699, in
the 84th year of his age. He is, in his epitaph in the antichapel
at Peter-house, styled, " Poeta, Orator, Theologus prsestantissimus ;
quovis nomine Hsereticorum Malleus, et Veritatis Vindex."
JOHANNES WALLIS, S. T. D. geometric pro
fessor Savilianus, Oxonise. Faithorne delin. et sc.
1688. Before his " Mechanica, sive de Motu,"l67Q , 4to.
JOHANNES WALLIS, S. T. P. geometric professor
Savilianus, Oxon. reg. ma li . a sacris, Regalis Socie-
tatis Lond. sodalis. Loggan ad vivum delin. 1678 ; h. sh.
JOHN WALLIS, &c. Loggan. M. Burghers ; fol.
JOHN WALLIS, &c. Sonmans. Id. 1699; fol.
JOHN WALLIS, Sec. Cipriani. Basire, 1791.
JOHN WALLIS, &c.J3f. 85 (1700). Kneller. Faber.
Dr. John Wallis was born at Ashford, in Kent, of which parish
his father was minister. After learning a little arithmetic of his
brother, he made his way in the mathematics by the force of a
genius which seemed to be designed by nature for this branch of
science, and that was equal to every thing to which it was applied.
He was not content with treading in the footsteps of other mathe
maticians, but in several instances went beyond them ; and is by
Mr. Glanvill ranked with Vieta and Des Cartes, who are of the
first class of discoverers in mathematical knowledge.* He invented
the method for measuring all kinds of curves, and was thought to
have gone nearer than any other man towards squaring the circle,
which he has demonstrated to be impossible. He greatly improved
decimal arithmetic, and was the first that reduced a fraction, by a
continued division, to an infinite series ; which series was afterward
employed by Lord Brouncker in squaring the hyperbola. He was
the inventor of the modern art of deciphering^ which he practised
in the time of the civil war. The writers of the papers which he
* Glanvill s " Plus Ultra," p. 31, & seq.
t There is a discourse by Dr. Wallis on this art, printed in " An Essay on the
Art of Deciphering; Lond. 1737 ; 4to. This essay was written by the ingenious
Mr. John Davys, formerly of Hart Hall, in Oxford, and afterward rector of Castk;
Ashby, in Northamptonshire.
46 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
undertook to explain, were astonished when they saw them deci
phered ; and fairly owned that there was great truth, if not infal
libility, in his art. He was probably the first that invented a
method of teaching deaf and dumb persons to speak, and to under
stand a language.* He composed an English grammar, in which
are many things entirely his own, and which shew at once the
grammarian and the philosopher, Ob. 28 Oct. 1703, JEt* 87. His
works are in three volumes folio. A volume of his Sermons, 8vo.
with some account of his life, was published in 1791, in which is
an ingenious and interesting defence of the Trinity.
HENRICUS MORUS, Cantabrigiensis, S. S. T. D.
"
" O chara anima, quando una eris et nuda et simplex !"
M. Antoninus, Med. lib. X. He is represented sitting
under a large tree. W. Faithorne del. et sc. Before his
" Opera Theologica" 1675 ; fol.
HENRICUS MORUS, &c. Z). Loggan ad vlvum delin.
h. sh.
We are informed by the author of his " Life," that this head is
much like him ; and that Faithorne, though his print is finely
executed, has not hit his features.
HENRY MORE, &c. D. Loggan delin. M. Vander
Gucht sc. Svo. copied from the next above, and prefixed
to his " Life" by Richard Ward, 1710.
Dr. Henry More, who was by many esteemed one of the greatest
divines and philosophers, + and was certainly one of the best men
* See " Philos. Transact." under the year 1670. Mr. Wood attributes this inven
tion to Dr. Holder; which is, with good reason, contradicted by Mr. Warton, in
his " Life of Dr. Bathurst," p. 157. See the article of Dr. Holder in this class.
t Mr. Hobbes, who was one of his admirers, said, that " if his own philosophy
was not true, he knew none that he should sooner like than More s of Cambridge."
It is more natural for the human mind to fly from one extreme to the other than
it is commonly imagined. Hobbes, in the instance before us, if he had not been
attached to his own philosophy, would have chosen that which is just the contrary.
So Alexander declared, " That if he were not Alexander, he would wish to be
Diogenes j" having probably been taught by his master Aristotle, that contraction
of desire may produce happiness, as well as amplitude of possession.
OF ENGLAND. 47
of his time, had a good deal of natural enthusiasm. He was fired
or rather enraptured, with the Platonic philosophy ; and his writings
shew how happy a visionary the author was. Mr. John Norris, his
friend, and a man of similar but superior character, styles him,
" The intellectual Epicure." His works, which were formerly much
read, have been long neglected. Sir Samuel Garth condemns them
in the lump : speaking of Dr. Tyson s library, he says,
" And hither rescued from the grocer s come,
More s works entire, and endless reams of Blome."*
He would at least have excepted his excellent " System of Ethics,"
if he had been acquainted with the book. This is commended by
Mr. Addison, in No. 86 of the " Spectator."! Ob. 1 Sept. 1687,
JEt. 73. Vide JOHANNES COCKSHUIT, Class VIII.
EDVARDUS SPARKE, S.T.D. 1662. A. Hertochs
f. 8vo.
EDVARDUS SPARKE, S. T. D. regi a sacris, 1666,
Svo. White sc. Before his " Scintilla Altaris"
Dr. Edward Sparke, who was educated in the university of
Cambridge, was, in the reign of Charles I. minister of St. Martin s
church, in Ironmonger-lane, London ; from which he was ejected
in the civil war, and plundered of his goods. In 1660, he was re
stored to his benefice, and made chaplain to Charles II. In 1665,
he succeeded Mr. William Bedwell in the vicarage of Tottenham
High-cross, in Middlesex. He published a sermon preached at the
funeral of Henry Chitting, esq. Chester-herald ; a book of devo
tions; and " Scintilla Altaris, or a pious Reflection on primitive
Devotion, as to the Feasts and Fasts of the Christian Church
orthodoxly revived." This book has been several times printed.
SAMUEL DRAKE, D. D. Birrell sc. 4to.
Dr. Drake was fellow of St. John s College, Cambridge ; and on
account of his father s loyalty to Charles I. and his bravery in the
sieges of Pontefract and Newark Castles, was created by royal
mandate D. D. He had also a prebend in the cathedral church of
York, and in the collegiate of Southwell. He died in 1673.
* " Dispensary," canto iv.
t The book is in Latin, and has been often printed at home and abroad.
48 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
RICHARD SHERLOCK, D. D. rector of Win-
wick. M. Vandergucht sc.
The print is prefixed to his " Practical Christian, 1 the 6th edition
of which was published in 8vo. 1713.
Richard Sherlock, a native of Oxton, in Werral,* in the county
of Chester, received part of his education at Magdalen Hall, in
Oxford, whence he removed to Trinity College, near Dublin. He
was some time a minister of several small parishes in Ireland ; but,
upon the commencement of the civil war, he came into England,
and was chaplain to one of the king s regiments at Nantwich, in
Cheshire. He was afterward curate to Dr. Jasper Mayne, of
Christ Church, at Cassington, an obscure village near Woodstock.
About the year 1652, he was retained as chaplain to Sir Robert
Bindlosse, of Berwick Hall, in Lancashire, where he was much
troubled with the Quakers, against whom he wrote several polemical
pieces, a species of divinity that ill suited his disposition, as prac
tical Christianity was his delight. Upon the restoration, he became
doctor of divinity in the university of Dublin ; and was, by the
favour of his patron, James, earl of Derby, preferred to the rich
benefice of Winwick^ He was afterward the same pious and
humble man that he was before, and seemed to have only this ad
vantage from his preferment, the constant exertion of that charity
towards the poor and distressed, which was before a strong, but latent
principle in his heart. His chief work is his " Practical Christian."
He caused this inscription to be engraved on brass, and fixed on a
flat stone laid over his grave: " Exuviae Richardi Sherlock, S. T. D.
indignissimi htijus ecclesise rectoris. obiit 20. die Junii, Anno TEta-
tis 76, Anno Dom. 1689. Sal infatuum conculcate." To which a
person, who knew his merit, added these words : " En viri sanctis-
simi modestia ! qui epitaphium se indignum inscribi volebat, cum
vita et merita ejus laudes omnes longe superarent."
His " Life," prefixed to the 6th edition of his " Practical Chris
tian,"! was written by his nephew Dr. Thomas Wilson, the primi
tive bishop of Sodor and Man, who resembled him in several cir
cumstances of his character.
* This place has reason to bless his memory for the useful charity which he has
there established.
t In the county of Lancaster. It is esteemed the richest living in England, and
has been valued at 1400/. per annum.
f It is also printed in the " Memorials and Characters," published by Wilford,p.642.
OF ENGLAND. 49
GULIELMUS FALKNER, S. S. T. P. J. Sturt sc.
4to. Before his works.
William Falkner, who was one of the town-preachers at Lynn
Regis, in Norfolk, was author of several pieces of divinity, printed
in one volume in quarto, 1684. His " Libertas Ecclesiastica,"
written in English, and published in 8vo. 1674, is a book of merit.
Mr. Wood, in his " Fasti, under the year 1671, mentions William
Falconer, M. A. of Aberdeen, who was then incorporated into the
university of Oxford, and was one of the first Scotch exhibitioners
at Baliol College ; but he was not at that time an author. Queere
if the same person.
HENRY HIBBERT, D. D. D. Logganf. h. sh.
This print is anonymous. Under the head is an epigram of six
lines, which contain nothing but the old hackneyed turn of thought,
which is so often seen under portraits ; intimating that the pencil
or the graver can express only the outside of an author, and that his
mind is exhibited in his book. The print is distinguished by the
word Burin, which is in larger letter than the rest.
Henry Hibbert, who received his education at Brazen-nose Col
lege, in Oxford, was successively minister of All-hallows the Less,
and of St. Olave in the Old Jewry, London. He was author of
sermons, and other theological discourses : but his chief work is
" Syntagma Theologicum, or a Treatise wherein is concisely com
prehended the Body of Divinity, and the Fundamentals of Religion
orderly discussed," &c. 1662, to which is prefixed his portrait.
Mr. Wood informs us that he was accounted a Presbyterian, but
he was not ejected from St. Olave s, in 1662. Ob. 18 Dec. 1678.
DR. ADAM SAMUEL HARTMAN; oval; clerical
habit.
I never saw this print but in the Pepysian collection.
DR. ADAM SAMUEL HARTMAN. Harding sc.
Mr. Wood informs us, that " Adam Samuel Hartman, D. D. of
the university of Frankfort upon the Oder, bishop of the reformed
churches through Great Poland and Prussia," was incorporated
doctor of divinity at Oxford in 1680.
VOL. v. H
50 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANDRE LORTIE, ci-devant ministre de 1 Eglise
reforme de la Rochelle, et a present a Londre. Van
Somerf. 1681, h. sh. mezz.
He is placed here as D. D.
Andrew Lortie, S. T.P. occurs in Newcourt s " Repertory/ vol. ii.
p. 459, as rector of Packlesham, in Essex. He became so May 7,
1683, and was the same year incorporated D. D. of Cambridge, by
royal mandate. He appears to have been presented to this bene
fice by Dr. Compton, then bishop of London, -who, as Burnet in
forms us,* " was a great patron of the converts from popery, and
of those Protestants, whom the bad usage they were beginning to
meet with in France drove over to us." Dr. Lortie was certainly
living in the year 1700. A person of both his names is mentioned
in Letsome s " Historical Register, as the author of a volume of
sermons, 1720, 8vo. He is there called, " late rector of Barton,
Nottinghamshire, and was probably a son of the former.
TITUS GATES, D. D. appeared at the head of
that cloud of witnesses which helped to obscure the
reign of Charles II. As he has no right to occupy
this class, I have placed him with the rest of his
fraternity in the twelfth. His name is a perfect con
trast to the next.
JOHN RAWLET, B. D. died Sept. 28, 1686, M.
44 ; Svo.
John Rawlet, a man distinguished by his many and great virtues,
and his excellent preaching, was many years lecturer at Newcastle-
upon-Tyne. His sermons were plain, convincing, and persuasive ;
perfectly adapted to the lowest, and approved by the highest, capa
cities. He thoroughly understood the nature of a popular discourse,
of which he has left us a specimen in his " Christian Monitor ;"
which has fully answered the purposes for which it was intended,
and has been oftener printed than any other tract of practical
* Vol. i. p. 392, sub. ana. 1676.
OF ENGLAND. 51
divinity. This is a very proper book for the clergy to distribute
among their parishioners.* The pious author, who was himself the
good Christian that he taught others to be, laboured for the sake
of doing good. He was offered the living of Coleshill, in Warwick
shire, worth 400/. a year ; but refused it, as he thought he could
be more useful at Newcastle. As he declined the acceptance, Lord
Digby desired him to nominate some other person ; upon which he
recommended Mr. Kettlewell, on whom it was conferred. Mr.
Rawlet was author of several other pieces, all of which have a ten
dency to promote practical religion, f
GULIELMUS WALKER, S. T. B. scholse publicse
quondam Ludensis, mine Granthamiensis, magister,
JEt. 59. Before his " English Examples," Svo.
William Walker, who was one of the most able schoolmasters
of his time, was successively master of the schools of Lowth and
Grantham, in Lincolnshire. He wrote several books on grammar,
phraseology, rhetoric, and logic ; and also, " A modest Plea for
Infant Baptism. But the book which gained him most reputation,
and which has been oftener printed than any of his works, except
his " English Examples," was his " Treatise of English Particles,"
a judicious performance, and much wanted: it is dedicated to Dr.
Busby. He is said to have had the honour of instructing Sir Isaac
Ncwton,| who was born at Woolstrope, a hamlet belonging to Col-
sterworth,$ a few miles from Grantham. Of this parish Mr. Walker
* The late ingenious and learned Mr. James Merriek, a well known clergyman of
Reading, who was indefatigable in his endeavours to promote literature, charity, and
piety, has distributed near 10,000 copies of this excellent tract chiefly among the
soldiers, many of whom he has brought to a sense of religion. Though I cherish
and reverence the memory, I shall not here attempt the character of this worthy
person ; so worthy, so excellent, that it is, indeed, far beyond my power to do jus
tice to it.
t In Dr. James Stonehouse s " Friendly Letter to a Patient just admitted into
an Infirmary," p. 25. edit. 6, are these words : " I cannot here forbear mentioning
to persons of tolerable circumstances (if this letter should come into such hands)>
Rawlet s Treatise on Sacramental Covenanting, which has passed through eight
editions, and is, in my opinion, a lively and judicious book, in which there is a
happy mixture of the instructive and pathetic."
J This is contradicted in the " Gentleman s Magazine," for Nov. 1772, p. 522.
Popularly called Coltsworth.
52 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was rector, and he lies buried in his own church with the following
inscription on his tomb, which alludes to his capital work :
Hie jacent
Gulielmi Walked
Particulse.
obiit
1 mo Aug".
C Dom. 1684,
Anno l^tatis,6l.
He had a son who was vicar of Sunning, in Berkshire.
EDWARDUS BOYS, S. T. B. M. 66. W. Fait home
sc\ Before his Sermons.
Edward Boys, who received the former part of his education at
Eton school, was afterward successively a scholar and fellow of
Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge. In 1634, he was appointed
one of the university preachers; and, in 1640, was, by William
Paston, esq. presented to the rectory of Mautby, in Norfolk. Mr.
Masters, to whom I am indebted for this account of him, " appre
hends" that he was chaplain to Charles I. He certainly deserved
that distinction, as he was a man of acknowledged merit, and a
justly-admired preacher ; and therefore much in favour with the
bishop of Norwich. Roger Flynt, the editor of his sermons, with
difficulty obtained leave of the dying author to communicate them
to the public ; but it was upon condition " that he should say nothing
of him." From which he leaves the reader to judge how great a
man he was, who made so little of himself. He hopes, however,
that he may add, \vithout breach of promise, " that when a man s
genius is fitted for government ; when his person is guarded with
authority, and his deportment with gravity ; when his courage is
tempered with moderation, and his knowledge with discretion ;
when a priest and a gentleman meet in one person, the church
must needs suffer a great loss, that such a one should expire in a
country village consisting only of four farmers. But I must say no
more than this, that he was nephew to Dr. Boys, that famous dean
of Canterbury ; and thou mayest judge by his writings ; they were
near of kin. *
The Rev. RICHARD KINGSTON, M. A. and
preacher of St. James s, Clerkenwell. Under the head,
OF ENGLAND. 53
which is engraved in the manner of Gay wood, are four
Latin lines : " Umbra Viri fades" fyc. Svo. The print is
* prefixed to his " Pilules Pestilent ales " a sermon preached
at St. Paul s, in the midst of the late sore visitation,
printed in 1665. The head is copied by Richardson.
Richard Kingston should be here mentioned with distinction and
honour. In the midst of the dreadful pestilence, when " thousands
fell on his right hand, and ten thousands on his left," he appeared
to be under the peculiar care of Providence. At this time, as
he informs us in the preface, he was occupied by day in visiting the
sick, and by night in burying the dead ; having no time for study
but what he deducted from his natural rest.
JOHANNES GOAD, artis astro-meteorologicae in-
staurator, JEt. 62, 1677, 8$c. R. White sc. Before his
posthumous work, entitled, " Astro- Meteorologia sana"
8$c. 4to. 1690. This print is much like the author.
John Goad, who was educated at St. John s College, in Oxford,
was, near twenty years, chief master of Merchant Taylors school,
in London. In 1681, he was ejected from this employment, on
account of some passages which savoured strongly of popery, in
his " Comment on the Church Catechism," composed for the use
of his scholars. After his ejectment, he taught school in West
minster. He was a man in general esteem for his probity and
learning, and particularly for his abilities as a schoolmaster. He
died Oct. 28, 1689, having, a few years before, declared himself a
Roman Catholic.* He was author of several sermons, and one or
two vocabularies, &c. but his great work, which employed him for
a considerable part of his life, was his " Astro-Meteorologica ; or
Aphorisms and Discourses of the Bodies celestial, their Natures
and Influences, discovered from the Variety of the Alterations of
the Air, temperate or intemperate, as to Heat or Cold, Frost, Snow,
Hail, Fog, Rain, Wind, Storm, Lightnings, Thunder, Blasting,
Hurricane," &c. London, 1686, fol. This book gained the author
a great reputation. The subject of it is a kind of astrology, founded,
* It appears from Mr. Wood s account of him, that he only outwardly con
formed to the church of England, from Ihe year 1660.
54 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
for the most part, on reason and experiment, as will appear by com
paring it with Mr. Boyle s " History of the Air, and Dr. Mead s
book " De Imperio Solis et Lunae."
JOHANNES NEWTON, M. 39, 1660; before
" Mathematical Elements, by John Newton, M. A"
1660; 4fo. -" r ; -. HfriPj a
John Newton, who was some time a commoner of Edmund
Hall, in Oxford, was, soon after the restoration, created doctor of
divinity, made chaplain to the king, and preferred to the rectory of
Ross, in Herefordshire. He seems, by his works, to have run
through the whole circle of sciences. There is in the " Athense
Oxonienses," a catalogue of his books of arithmetic, geometry,
trigonometry, astronomy, the seven liberal arts, cosmography, geo
graphy, logic, and rhetoric ; down to ephemerides, almanacks, and
instructions for children to read. Mr. Wood speaks of him as a
learned man, but of a singular and capricious character. Ob. Jan.
1678-9.
EDMUNDUS ELISEUS, A. M. Coll. Bal. quon
dam Socius. He thus writes himself in the title-page to
his "Miscellanea" 1662, 4fo, before which is an anony
mous print of him by Faithorne, in an octagon frame.
JEtatis SUCE 28. An . Do. 1662. With coat of arms.
EDMUND ELISEUS in an octagon frame, 8$c. W.
Richardson; 4to.
Edmund Elys,* son of a clergyman in Devonshire, was educated
at Baliol College, in Oxford. In 1655, about the time when he
took the degree of bachelor of arts, being then fellow of the col
lege, he published a small volume of divine poems, and another in
1658. The same year he published " Miscellanea," in Latin and
English verse, and several short essays in Latin prose. This book
was reprinted in 1662. In the preface, and more particularly at
p. 32, he speaks with great sensibility of some persons who had
decried his performances, and aspersed his character on account of
* So written by Mr. Wood.
OF ENGLAND. 55
some levities and sallies of youth. In 1659, he succeeded his
father in the rectory of East Allington, in Devonshire. His con
duct appears to have been irreproachable after he entered into holy
orders. He, by his writings, has given sufficient testimony of his
parts, industry, and learning. The most remarkable of his nume
rous works, which are mentioned by Wood, is the pamphlet which
he published against Dr. Tillotson s " Sermons on the Incarnation;"
and the most estimable is his volume of " Letters," &c. as some of
them were written to eminent persons, particularly Dr. Sherlock
and Dr. Bentley. There are also letters from Dr. Henry More,
Dr. Barlow, and others, to Edmund Elys. He was living, and in
studious retirement, in 1693, at which time he was a nonjuror. See
" Athen. Oxon." ii. col. 943.
CLEMENT ELLIS, An. JEtat. 68 ; clerical habit,
small 8vo. Under the head is a mermaid in a circle*
Clement Ellis was bom in Cumberland, and educated at Queen s
College, in Oxford, of which he became fellow. He was patronised
by William, marquis, and afterward duke, of Newcastle^ who pre
sented him to the rectory of Kirkby, in Nottinghamshire, of which
he was the laborious, useful, and exemplary minister. His writings,
except one or two juvenile pieces of poetry, have a tendency to
promote practical religion. His principal work is " The Gentile
Sinner, or England s brave Gentleman characterised, in a letter to
a Friend," 1660, small 8vo. of which several editions have been
published. f His small tract, entitled " Christianity in short; or
the short Way to be a good Christian ; recommended to such as
want either time or capacity for reading longer and learned Dis
courses/ was, perhaps, oftener printed than any of his works.
This was one of the popular tracts which was pirated and vilely
printed on tobacco paper, " by Henry Hills, in Black-Friars, for the
benefit of the poor ;" by which was meant the poor purchaser.
* The print, according to the strictness of chronology, may possibly belong to a
subsequent reign.
t The writer, in this book, first draws the character of a vain and debauched
man of fashion; next of those who are vicious in a less degree; and concludes
with that of a Christian gentleman. This work, which was written in a fortnight, in
the early part of the author s life, is not without merit, either in design or composi
tion ; but we, in the course of it, too frequently meet with the fulsome metaphors
of fanatics, and such quaintnesses as abound in Overbury s characters.
56 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The author was living at Kirkby, in 1694. See " A then. Oxon. 1
ii. col. 969.
The Rev. Mr. WILLIAM CRAY, of Newcastle ; a
small anonymous mezzotinto. F. Place f. 1683.
This person was probably a friend of Mr. Place, who engraved
for his amusement.
ROBERT WALWYN, late minister of Towcester,
&c.
Robert Walwyn was author of a compendious system of divinity,
entitled, " A particular View of the Fundamentals of the Christian
Religion/ 1666, small 8vo.
An anonymous portrait of a clergyman in a surplice,
arms, Bible, and Prayer-book ; underneath are four
lines, " This but the shade of him adorn d in ivhite" fyc.
intimating that he ivas author of polemical pieces. W.
Sherwin sc. V2mo. The name of this author was George
Alsop. See Bromley s Catalogue of English Portraits,
Period V. Class IV. ; V
N. B. Stillingfleet, Patrick, Tenison, Horneck, and other emi
nent divines of the established church, flourished in this *eign, but
their portraits belong to a subsequent period.
NONCONFORMISTS.
JOANNES OWENUS, &c. R. White sc. h. sh.
JOANNES OWEN, S. T. D. &e. Vertue sc. copied from
the above. Before his works, 1721, fol.
JOANNES OWEN, D, D. J. Vandevelde eve. 4to.
mezz.
OF ENGLAND. 57
JOHN OWEN, &c. prefixed to his life. R. White;
Svo.
JOHN OWEN ; mezz. J. v. Velde.
JOHN OWEN. J. Riley del. J. Caldwall sc. In the.
" Nonconformists Memorial. 7
John Owen, some time dean of Christ Church, and vice-chan
cellor of the university of Oxford, was a man of more learning and
politeness than any of the Independents ; and was, perhaps, ex
ceeded by none of that party in probity and piety. Supposing it
necessary for one of his persuasion to be placed at the head of the
university, none was so proper as this person ; who governed it
several years, with much prudence and moderation, when faction
and animosity seemed to be a part of every religion. He was a
man of an engaging conversation, and had an excellent talent for
preaching. He was highly in favour with Cromwell, and was, after
the restoration, offered preferment in the church, which he refused.
Two days before his death, he dictated a letter to a particular
friend, in which are these words : " I am leaving the ship of the
church in a storm, but whilst the great Pilot is in it, the loss of a
poor under-rower will be inconsiderable."* He died August 24,
1683, in the 67th year of his age.f There are some very peculiar
expressions in his writings : Solomon s Song could not furnish
him with a sufficient number of phrases to express his love of
* Calamj.
t Mr. Wood represents him as a perjured person, a time-server, a hypocrite
whose godliness was gain, and a blasphemer: and, as if this were not sufficient, he
has also made him a fop. All which mearrs no more than this : That when Dr.
Owen entered himself a member of the university of Oxford, he was of the esta
blished church, and took the usual oaths ; that he turned Independent, preached
and acted as other Independents did, took the oath called the Engagement, and
accepted of preferment from Cromwell ; that he was a man of a good person and
behaviour, and liked to go well dressed. We must be extremely cautious how we
form our judgment of characters at this period : the difference of a few modes or
ceremonies in religious worship, has been the source of infinite prejudice and mis
representation. The practice of some of the splenetic writers of this period reminds
me of the painter well known by the appellation of Hellish Brueghel, who had so
accustomed himself to painting of witches, imps, and devils, that he sometimes
made but little difference betwixt his human and infernal figures. I do not mean,
by this remark, to reflect particularly on Mr. Wood, who with his defects had very
great merit.
VOL. V. I
58 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Christ, but he must invent a jargon of his own.* Dr. William
Clagget, in his " Discourse concerning the Operation of the Holy
Spirit," wrote a confutation of part of Dr. Owen s book on that
subject. There is an excellent abridgment of the former, with
considerable improvements, by Henry Stebbing, M. A. 1719, 8vo.
THOMAS GOODWIN, S. T. P. &c. R. White sc.
a double cap on his head.
Another by White, in 8vo. copied from the former.
Thomas Goodwin was one of the assembly of divines that sat at
Westminster, and president of Magdalen College, in Oxford. Mr.
Wood styles him and Dr. Owen " the two Atlasses and Patriarchs
of Independency." He was a man of great reading, but by no
means equal to Dr. Owen, and was much farther gone in fana
ticism. The authors of his character prefixed to his works inform
us, that " he was much addicted to retirement and deep contem
plation^ had been much exercised in the controversies agitated in
the age in which he lived, and had a deep insight into the grace of
God, and the covenant of grace." He attended Cromwell, his friend
and patron, upon his death-bed, and was very confident that he
* Dr. outh, who knew him well, has mentioned several of his cant words, in his
fourth volume, p. 49. See also vol. v. p. 48. 334.
t He was doubtless the Independent minister and head of a college, mentioned in
No. 494 of the " Spectator;" where a young man,f who went to be entered at his
college, is said to have been conducted " with great silence and seriousness to a
long gallery, which was darkened at noon-day, and had only a single candle burn
ing in it. After a short stay in this melancholy apartment, he was led into a
chamber hung with black; where he entertained himself for some time, by the
glimmering of a taper ; till at length the head of the college came out to him from
an inner room, with half a dozen nightcaps upon his head, and religious horror in his
countenance. The young man trembled ; but his fears increased, when instead of
being asked what progress he had made in learning, he was examined how he
abounded in grace/ &c. &c.
The long gallery, mentioned in this note, was taken down in 1770, for the im
provement of the president s lodgings. In the " Oxford Almanack" for 1730, is an
outside view of it. It is known by the two doors in front, a window with three
lights, and as many brackets underneath.
* The young man was the famous Thomas, or, more familiarly called, Tom Brad
bury, the supposed author of the ballad " Of Bray the Vicar I have been." LORD
HAILES.
OF ENGLAND. 59
would not die, from a supposed revelation communicated to him
in a prayer, but a few minutes before his death. When he found
himself mistaken, he exclaimed, in a subsequent address to God,
* Thou hast deceived us, and we were deceived.* Ob. 23 Feb.
1679, Mt. 80. His writings consist of expositions, sermons,
&c. which have been much read. His portrait, which very nearly
resembles him, is prefixed to his works, printed in 1681, in two
volumes folio.
THOMAS MANTON, D, D. R. White sc. Before
his Sermons, 1678 ;
THOMAS MANTON, &c. R. W. f. copied from the
above; Svo.
THOMAS MANTON, &c. R. White sc. Before his
works ; fol.
He is represented very plump, or rather fat.
Thomas Manton, rector of Covent-garden, was one of the
greatest divines among the Presbyterians. His industry and
learning, his talent as a preacher, his moderation, his activity and
address in the management of their public affairs, in all which he
was a leading man, are mentioned with respect, by several writers.
He was one of the commissioners at the Savoy conference, and was
very desirous of a comprehension. Lord Clarendon intimated to
Baxter, that he should not have despaired of bringing that affair to
a happy issue, if he had been as fat as Manton.f Archbishop Usher
used to call him a voluminous preacher ;| and he was no less volu
minous as an author. He composed 190 sermons on the 119th
Psalm, which are printed in one volume folio. He was also author
of several other pieces specified by Dr. Calamy. Ob. 18th Oct.
1677.
* Tillotson s " Life," p. 19, &c. second edit.
t He seems to have had that well known passage of Shakspeare in his mind,
where Julius Caesar, speaking of Cassius, says,
" Let me have men about me that are fat," &c.
t The following passage is in a letter of Lord Bolingbroke to Dr. Swift : " My
next shall be as long as one of Dr. Manton s (sermons) who taught my youth to
yawn, and prepared me to be a high churchman, that I might never hear him read,
nor read him more." Letters of Swift, &c. published 1766, vol. ii. p. 112.
60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GULIELMUS BATESIUS, S. S. T. P. Faithome
delin. et sc. Before his " Harmony of divine Attri
butes ;" 4to.
GULIELMUS BATESIUS, &c. 2Et. 57, 1682. R. White
sc. \1ino.
GULIELMUS BATESIUS, &c. JEt. 65, Nov. 1690.
G. Kneller p. R. White sc. Ylmo.
GULIELMUS BATESIUS, &c. JEt. 74. G. Kneller p.
R. White sc. Prefixed to his works, fo I. 1700.
GULIELMUS BATESIUS, &c. JEt. 62; prefixed to his
Sermons. Sturt sc.
? *
GULIELMUS BATESIUS, &c. G. Vertue.
GULIELMUS BATESIUS. Kneller pinx. Caldwallsc.
In the "Nonconformists Memorial;" Qvo.
Dr. William Bates, minister of St. Dunstan s in the West, in the
former part of this reign,* was a man of a good and amiable cha
racter ; much a scholar, much a gentleman, and no less a Christian.
His moderation and sweetness of temper, were known to all that
conversed with him ; among whom were eminent and pious men of
various persuasions. Dr. Tillotson s friendship for him began early ;
and as his merit was invariably the same, it continued, without inter
ruption, to the end of that prelate s life. His abilities qualified him
for the highest dignities in the church : and it is certain that great
offers were made him ; but he could never be prevailed with to con
form. All his works except his " Select Lives of illustrious and
pious Persons/ t to which his own life would be a proper supple
ment, were published in one volume folio. He is esteemed the politest
writer of his age, among the Presbyterians. Ob. 1699.
* Near 2000 persons, among wbom was Dr. Bates, were silenced and deprived
for nonconformity, after the restoration.
t Entitled, " Vitae selectse aliquot Virorum," &c. It is little more than a collec
tion published by him.
OF ENGLAND. 61
ANTON. TUCKNEY, D. D. R. White sc.
Anthony Tuckney was one of the assembly of divines, and suc
cessively master of Emmanuel and St. John s College, in Cam
bridge ; regius professor of divinity, and vice-chancellor of that
university. After the restoration, he was appointed one of the
commissioners at the conference held at the Savoy. He was suc
ceeded in the mastership of Emmanuel College by Dr. William
Dillingham,* in 1653 ; and was, in 1661, succeeded in the master
ship of St. John s, arid the divinity chair, by Dr. Peter Gunning.
He was a man of great learning, and no less modesty ; but is said
to have shewn more courage in maintaining the rights and privileges
of the university, in the lawless time in which he lived, than any of
the heads of houses at Cambridge. He, with great prudence and
ability, presided over his college, which never flourished more than
under his government. He died in 1669-70, in the 71st year of his
age. His " Sermons," before which is his portrait, were published
after his death, in 4to. 1676. His " Prselectiones Theologicse,"
were also published in 4to. 1679.
JOHANNES COLLINGS, S. T. P. &c. R. White
sc. 4to.
JOHANNES COLLINGS, &c. 1678, 2Et. 53; 4fo.
mezz.
Dr. John Collings, who was one of the commissioners at the
Savoy conference in this reign, was educated at Emmanuel College,
in Cambridge; and was forty-four years a minister at Norwich.
He was a man of various learning, but particularly excelled as a
textuary and critic. He was generally esteemed for his great in
dustry, humanity, and exemplary life. He was author of many
sermons and books of practical divinity and controversy ; one of
the most singular of which is his " Weaver s Pocket-Book, or
Weaving spiritualized;" 8vo. 1675.f This book was adapted to
* An ingenious Latin poet, some of whose compositions are in the first volume of
the new edition of the " Musae Anglicanae."
t Mr. Boyle, in his " Occasional Reflections on several Subjects," published in
1665, seems to have led the way to spiritualizing the common objects, business,
and occurrences of life. This was much practised by Mr. Flavel, and has been
lately revived by Mr. James Hervey.
62 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the place where he lived, which has been long famous for the ma
nufacture of stuffs. He had a very considerable hand in the An
notations on the Bible, in two volumes folio ; which were begun
and carried on by Mr. Matthew Poole, and which go under his name.
Ob. 1690, m. 67.
THOMAS JACOMB, D. D. In the same plate
with the heads of Jos. Caryl, Edmund Calamy, D r .
Tho. Manton, Tho. Case, W m . Jenkin, Ric. Baxter,
Dr. W m . Bates, Tho. Watson, Tho. Lye, and Matth.
Mead. The print is an engraved title, in which are
these words, " The Farewell Sermons of the late London
Ministers, preached the 17 th of Aug. 1662; * Svo. This
was a little before the act of uniformity took place.
THOMAS JACOMB. J. Riley del. Caldwall sc. In
the " Nonconformists Memorial."
Thomas Jacomb received part of his education at Magdalen Hall,
in Oxford, whence he removed to Emmanuel, and at length to Tri
nity College, in Cambridge. About the year 1647, he was preferred
to the rectory of St. Martin s near Ludgate, and also made chap
lain to the Countess Dowager of Exeter.f After the restoration, he
lived in Exeter House with that lady ; where he frequently preach
ed when other ministers were silenced. Mr. Baxter and Dr. Ca-
lamy speak of him as a man of great gravity, sobriety, and mode
ration, and a good preacher. Dr. Sherlock, who seems to have
received some provocation from him, represents him as " the pret
tiest, nonsensical, trifling goosecap, that ever set pen to paper."}:
* The publication of these sermons gave great offence, as there were several pas
sages in them which were thought to be of a seditious tendency. Mr. Baxter in
forms us, that the booksellers procured copies of the Farewell Sermons from the
scribes that took them from the mouths of the preachers, and that several of them
were altered and mangled at the discretion of the editors. " Life," part ii. p. 303.
t Daughter to John, earl of Bridgewater. Mr. Baxter styles her " the excellent,
sincere, humble, godly, faithful lady, the Countess Dowager of Exeter." " Life,"
part iii. p. 95.
J This inconsistency of characters is frequently seen in the writings of such as
flourished about this period, especially when the authors happen to disagree in
their sentiments of religion. Vide " Athen. Oxon." ii. col. 80 1.
OF ENGLAND. 63
He died in the house of his patroness, the 27th of March, 1687.
His library, which consisted of books in various languages and fa
culties, sold after his death for 1300/. He published a considerable
number of sermons.
EDMUND CALAMY, B. D. R. White sc. I2mo.
EDMUND CALAMY, with the heads of Jos. Caryl,
James Janeway, and Ralph Yenning ; Svo.
Edmund Oalamy was minister of Aldermanbury, whence he was
ejected in 1662. See an account of him in the preceding reign.
STEPHEN CHARNOCK, B. D. R. White sc.
Before his two volumes of " Discourses on the Existence,
Attributes, and Providence of God," fyc. 1684 ; folio.
STEPHEN CMARNOCK. J. Riley del. J. Caldwall sc.
In the " Nonconformists Memorial."
Stephen Charnock was educated at Emmanuel College, in Cam
bridge, where he was some time under the tuition of Mr. William
Sancroft, who was, in this reign, advanced to the see of Canterbury.
In 1652, he was, by authority of the parliament visitors, appointed
fellow of New College, in Oxford. He was afterward domestic
chaplain to Henry Cromwell, when he was lord-deputy of Ireland.
Whilst he continued in that station, he was a constant preacher at
one of the churches in Dublin, every Sunday in the afternoon.
His sermons, which he delivered without notes, were attended by
all persons of distinction in that city. In the latter part of his life,
when he exercised his ministry in London, his memory and his eyes
failed him; which occasioned his reading his sermons with a glass.
The two volumes of his Discourses, though not written with a view
to their publication, bear a sufficient testimony to the abilities of
the author ; whose natural parts were more solid than shining; and
were improved by every kind of learning requisite to form a divine.
Mr. Johnson, who preached the sermon at his funeral, says, " he
never knew a man, in all his life, who had attained near to that skill
that Mr. Charnock had, in the originals of the Old and New Testa
ment, except Mr. Thomas Cawton." Ob. 27 July, 1680, &t. 52.
64 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SAMUEL CRADOCK, B. D. some time fellow of
Emmanuel College, in Cambridge. R. White sc. Be
fore his " Knowledge and Practice" 8$c. folio.
Samuel Cradock, rector of North Cadbury, in Somersetshire,
was elder brother to Dr. Zachary Cradock, preacher at Gray s Inn,
and provost of Eton College. In 1662, he was, for nonconformity,
ejected from his benefice, worth 300/. a year. He was afterward
supported by the generosity of Mr. Walter Cradock, a gentleman
of fortune, to whom he was heir at law. He, in this reign, kept a
private academy for which his learning perfectly qualified him, and
had a share in the education of several persons of worth and emi
nence. I never saw two different characters of Mr. Cradock. He
was so good and inoffensive a man, that every body spoke well of
him, when it was usual for men of all religions to speak ill of each
other. Nothing was ever objected to him but his nonconformity ;
and if that were a crime, it was entirely the crime of an erroneous
conscience, without the least perversity of his will. His " Apostolical
History," his " History of the Old and New Testament," and his
" Harmony of the Four Evangelists," are his principal works, which
have particular merit.* The last was revised by his friend Dr. Til-
lotson, who preserved it from the flames in the fire of London. Ob.
7 Oct. 1706, ffl. 86.
DAVID CLARKSON, minister of the gospel, (B.D.)
M. Beale p. R. White sc. Before his " Sermons," fol.
1696.
David Clarkson, when he was fellow of Clare Hall, in Cambridge,
had the honour of instructing Archbishop Tillotson, not only one of
the greatest, but also one of the best men this kingdom ever pro
duced. It is well known that this prelate ever maintained a respect
for him, not merely because he was his tutor, but because he was a
man of uncommon learning and abilities, and of singular modesty
and humility. His sermons are esteemed judicious ; they are writ
ten in an unaffected style and good method. The most noted of
his works is that entitled, " No Evidence of Diocesan Episcopacy
* Dr. Dodderidge recommends the first and last of these books to young students.
See his " Family Expositor," vol. iii. p. 378.
OF ENGLAND. 65
in the primitive Times;" 1681; 4to, in answer to Dr. Stillingfleet.
This book shews him to have been a man of great reading in church
history.
MATTILEUS POLE (vel. POOLE), &c. (M. A.)
R. White sc. h. sh.
This learned critic and casuist finished, in ten years, a work that
seemed sufficient to employ a much longer life than his own. It is
entitled, " Synopsis Criticorum aliorumque S. Scripturae Interpre-
tum," and is printed in five large volumes in folio. It contains not
only an abridgment of the nine volumes of the " Critici Sacri," and
various other expositors,* but also extracts and abridgments of a
great number of small treatises and pamphlets, which, though of con
siderable merit, would have been otherwise neglected or lost. The
plan of it was judicious,f and the execution more free from errors
than seems consistent with so great a work, finished in so short a
time, by one man.]: Mr. Poole made a great progress in the Eng
lish Annotations on the Bible, completed after his decease by several
divines, and published in two volumes folio. He was author of
some other pieces of less note. His name was among those who
were to be murdered by the Papists, according to the deposition of
Titus Gates. In 1679, he retired to Amsterdam, where he died
the same year, not without suspicion of being poisoned.
JOHANNES HOWE, V. D. M. (M. A.) White sc.
Svo.
JOHN HOWE. G. Kneller p. J. Caldwall sc. In the
" Nonconformists Memorial."
JOHN HOWE. Riley del. Trotter sc.
* See Trapp s Preface to his " Explanatory Notes on the Four Gospels," p. 5.
t This stupendous work was undertaken by the advice of the very learned Bishop
Lloyd, as appears by a letter of that prelate, addressed to the famous Mr. Dodwell,
and communicated to me by his son, Mr. Dodwell, archdeacon of Berks.
$ This book is of late much sunk in its price, though intrinsically as good as ever.
The truth is, Latin commentaries on the Scriptures are little regarded ; but we have
English ones as often as we have new almanacks. I have myself known about
twenty published within these last twenty years.
VOL. V. K
66 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHANNES HOWE, M. A. J. Pine sc. copied from
White. J:<-/ ;
John Howe, who had been chaplain to Cromwell, was one of the
most learned and polite writers among the dissenters. His reading
in divinity was very extensive : he was a good orientalist, and un
derstood several of the modern languages. His sermons, and other
practical pieces, which are numerous, were, for the most part, pub
lished in this reign. His " Blessedness of the Righteous" was the
most generally esteemed of his performances. He was an admired
preacher, but was sometimes too profound for ordinary capacities.
There is an uncommon depth of thought in several of his works.
It is observable, that his friend Dr. Tillotson asserted, in a sermon
preached at court the 2d of April, 168Q, that " no man, without an
extraordinary commission from heaven, testified by working mira
cles as the apostles did, ought to affront the established religion of
a nation, though it be false, and openly to draw men off from the pro
fession of it, in contempt of the magistrate and the law," &c. Mr.
Howe did not only write him a long letter upon this erroneous doc
trine, but expostulated with him upon it in a friendly manner : upon
which Dr. Tillotson burst into tears, and frankly acknowledged that
it was not to be justified. Ob. 2 April, 1705.
JOSEPHUS CARYL. White sc. h. sh. Before his
Commentary, 8$c.
JOSEPH CARYL, &c. (M. A.) R. White sc. 8vo.
JOSEPH CARYL with CALAMY and others.
JOSEPH CARYL. G. Kneller p. J. Caldwall sc. In
the " Nonconformists Memorial."
Joseph Caryl, a moderate Independent, was some time a com
moner at Exeter College, in Oxford. He was one of the assembly
of divines, and a frequent preacher before the Long Parliament in
the reign of Charles I. He was several times appointed to attend
upon that unhappy prince, particularly when he was a prisoner at
Holdenby, and a little before his death ; but the king waved all
offers of his service. In 1650, he and Dr. Owen were, by order
of parliament, sent to attend on Cromwell in Scotland, and to
OF ENGLAND. 67
officiate as ministers. He was a man of parts and learning, and of
indefatigable industry. He was author of a considerable number of
sermons; but his great work is an endless " Commentary on Job,"
in two volumes folio, which consist of upwards of six hundred
sheets.* It is also printed in twelve volumes 4to. Ob. Feb.
1672-3.f
THOMAS DOOLITTLE, (M.A.) M.61. R.White
$c. Before his " Treatise on the Lord s Supper," 1680;
12mo.
John Dunton, who printed the book, informs us that Robert
White, who was successful in likenesses, got much reputation by
this head. Dunton s " Life," p. 346.
THOMAS DOOLITTLE; anonymous; six English
verses, " Dust drawn to the life, yet dull and shortly
dead," 8$c.
THOMAS DOOLITTLE. R. White sc. J.Sturt; Ylmo.
THOMAS DOOLITTLE, in a ivig. J. Caldwatt sc. In
the " Nonconformists Memorial."
THOMAS DOOLITTLE. Cross sc. Four English
verses.
THOMAS DOOLITTLE, holding a book ; 2mo.
* It is indiscreet in an author to be voluminous, as the generality even of scholars
are too lazy even to read books of an enormous length. Indeed the age of Charles
II. or rather the seventeenth century, was the age of dull rhapsodies and folios. I
speak not this in disparagement of Mr. Caryl s performance : but a commentary on
the " Iliad," in twenty-four volumes in folio, which bears much the same proportion
to this on the Hebrew poet, must needs be heavy and rhapsodical, though written by
Longinus himself. One just remark has been made on its utility, that it is a very
sufficient exercise for the virtue of patience, which it was chiefly intended to incul
cate and improve.
t A great-grandson of this Mr. Caryl was lately a mercer in the Strand, but is
now retired from business, and has an estate in Hertfordshire. "Dr. Lyndford Caryl,
master of Jesus College, Cambridge, and prebendary of Canterbury, Lincoln, and
Southwell, is his great nephew.
68 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Thomas Doolittle, a native of Kidderminster, in Worcestershire,
was minister of St. Alphage, in London, before the ejectment.
Mr. Baxter, who thought him a promising- youth, sent him to Pem
broke Hall, in Cambridge ; where he made such a proficiency in
learning, as fully answered his expectation. He kept a private
academy in Monkwell-street, Cripplegate, where he continued to
preach, and trained up several ministers of considerable note.
He had the character of a serious and affectionate preacher, and
was very assiduous in catechising. He published books of practical
divinity to almost the time of his death, which was on the 24th of
May, i?07.* In the " History of Europe," for that year, he is
said to have built the first meeting-house in London, and to have
been the " last that survived of the ministers ejected by the act of
uniformity." His " Treatise on the Sacrament" has, perhaps, been
oftener printed than any other book on that subject ; and his " Call
to delaying Sinners" has gone through many editions. He was
father of Samuel Doolittle, some time a minister at Reading, in
Berkshire.
THOMAS GOUGE, (M. A.) Riley p. R.Whitesc.
Before his (i Funeral Sermon," 1682 ; I2mo.
THOMAS GOUGE. Van Hove sc.
THOMAS GOUGE. Vander Gucht ; Svo.
THOMAS GOUGE. J. Riley p. Colly er sc. In the
" Nonconformists Memorial."
Thomas Gouge, minister of St. Sepulchre s, in London, from the
year 1638, to 1662, was son of Dr. William Gouge, of Blackfriars.
He was, throughout his life, a person of exemplary piety; and was,
especially in the latter part of it, such an example of chanty, as
none but men of fortune, and of enlarged and benevolent minds
like his own, could imitate. He caused many thousand copies of
the " Bible," " Church Catechism, " Practice of Piety/ and
" Whole Duty of Man/ to be printed in the Welsh language, and
dispersed over Wales ; where he set up three or four hundred
* See Calamv, vol. iii. p. 76.
OF ENGLAND. 69
schools.* He constantly travelled over that country once or twice
a year ; where he inspected every thing relating to the schools him
self, and instructed the people both in public and private. He was
author of several practical books, which he usually distributed gratis
wherever he went. He was a stranger to the narrow bigotry of
sects, and loved good men of every denomination. He was con
stantly cheerful, and scarce ever knew what sickness was. He died
in his sleep, with a single groan,f in the year 1681, and the 77th
of his age. His funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Tillotson,
who speaks thus of him : " There have not, since the primitive
times of Christianity, been many among the sons of men, to whom
the glorious character of the Son of God might be better applied,
that He went about doing good."
WILLIAM JENKIN, (M. A.) ; a small head, in a
plate with several others. See J A COMB.
WILLIAM JENKIN. Gibson p. Burder sc. In the
" Nonconformists Memorial"
William Jenkin, who was by his mother, descended from John
Rogers, the proto-martyr in the reign of Mary, received his edu
cation at St. John s College, in Cambridge. About the year 1641,
he was chosen minister of Christ Church, in London, and soon after
lecturer at St. Anne s, Blackfriars. When the Independent fac
tion prevailed, he was suspended from his ministry and deprived of
his benefice for refusing to observe the public thanksgivings en
joined by the parliament. He afterward embarked in a design
for restoring the king, for which his friend Mr. Love was be
headed : but on presenting a petition to the parliament they voted
him a pardon. Upon the death of Dr. Gouge, he was chosen mi
nister of Blackfriars, which he afterward quitted for the benefice from
which he had been ejected. He, for several years, preached upon
the names given to Christ in Scripture, and a course of sermons
upon the Epistle of Jude, which he published. Mr. Baxter styles
him a sententious and elegant preacher. He continued to preach in
private after the act of uniformity took place ; and even in, and
* He was assisted by his friends in these charitable works,
t Every one of his friends were ready to cry out on this occasion,
Sic rnihi contingat vivere, sicque mori!
70 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
after the year 1682, when the nonconformists were more obnoxious
to the laws than ever, he went from place to place, and preached
where he thought he could do it with most secrecy.* He was at
length surprised by a party of soldiers, and sent to Newgate ; where
he died the 19th of Jan. 1684-5. " He was buried by his friends
with great honour ; many eminent persons, and some scores of
mourning coaches attending his funeral."f
THOMAS CASE, (M. A.) ; a small head, with se
veral others. See JACOMB.
Thomas Case, who was educated at Christ Church, in Oxford,
was one of the assembly of divines in the late reign, and a frequent
preacher before the parliament. He distinguished himself by his
zeal for the Covenant,! to which he, with his usual constancy, ad-
* As the laws, in this reign, were very severe against all religious assemblies which
were not of the established church, the nonconformists sometimes met in very
obscure places in the country. There is a tradition, that a congregation of Pro
testant dissenters were assembled in a barn, which frequently harboured beggars
and other vagrants ; and that the preacher, for want of a ladder or a tub, was sus
pended in a sack affixed to abeam. He preached that day upon the last judg
ment, and, towards the close of his sermon, entered upon a description of the terrors
of that tribunal. He had no sooner mentioned the " sounding of the trumpet," than
a strolling mimic-trumpeter who lay concealed in the straw, began to exert himself.
The congregation, struck with the utmost consternation, fled in an instant from the
place ; and left the affrighted preacher to shift for himself. The effects of his fright
are said to have appeared at the bottom of the sack; and to have occasioned that
opprobrious appellation by which the nonconformists were vulgarly distinguished.
This idle story, which was communicated by a dissenting minister, was propagated
throughout the kingdom, in the reign of Charles II.
t Calamy.
$ I cannot help observing, that there is something so sanguinary in one, at least,
of his sermons, that, like that of Josias How, of Trinity College, Oxford, it should
have been printed in red letters. In the sermon preached before the court martial,
1644, he says, " Noble sirs, imitate God, and be merciful to none that have sinned
of malicious wickedness j" meaning the royalists, who were frequently styled
malignants.
He was a native of Grendon Underwood, Bucks. The sermon, of which only
thirty copies were taken, was thus printed by command of Charles I. The author
is said to have made a whimsical vow, that if he ever printed any thing, it should be
in red letters. See Wood s " Fasti," ii. 56, and Hearne s " Glossary to Robert of
Gloucester," p. 669. He died in 1701, aged 90. His sermon is mentioned here as
a very singular curiosity. Wood had never seen it ; but Hearne had a copy.
OF ENGLAND. 71
hered. He was some time minister of St. Mary Magdalen s, in
Milk-street; but was ejected thence for refusing the Engagement;
and became afterward rector of St. Giles s in the Fields. He was
imprisoned for six months in the Tower, together with Mr. Jenkin,
Dr. Drake, and Mr. Watson, for conspiring against the Independent
government : this was commonly called Love s plot. They appear
to have been equally engaged in a design to restore the king ; but
all, except Love, were pardoned upon their submission. He first
began the morning exercise, or lecture, which was long continued
at Cripplegate, and other parts of the city. He died the 30th of
May, 1682, in the 84th year of his age, after having survived every
one of the dissenters that sat in the assembly of divines. His
works are chiefly sermons. Mr. Baxter styles him " an old, faith
ful servant of God."
SIMEON ASHE ; a small head, with a scull. It is
in the same plate with that ofJacomb, 8$c.
Simeon Ashe, who was educated at Emmanuel College, in Cam
bridge, under Dr. Stooker, was intimate with Hildersham, Dod,
Ball, Langley, and other nonconformists eminent in their day. He
exercised his ministry in London for about three-and-twenty years.
In the time of the civil war, he was chaplain to the Earl of War
wick. As he was a man of fortune and character, his influence
was great among the Presbyterians. He had no inconsiderable
hand in the restoration of Charles the Second. Dr. Calamy speaks
of him as a man of sanctity, benevolence, and hospitality. " He
was," says that author, " a Christian of primitive simplicity, and a
nonconformist of the old stamp." How far the narrow bigotry of
a sect, and acrimony of railing, may accord with " primitive sim
plicity," I leave the reader to judge. I am very certain that he
proves himself to be a nonconformist of the old stamp by bitter invec
tives against the conforming clergy, whom he calls " blind seers,
idle drones, misguiding guides, and scandalous ministers, who
plucked down more with their foul hands than they built up with
their fair tongues."* 06. 1662. He published Ball s works, and
several sermons of his own composition. The reader is referred to
Walker and Calamy for the particulars of his character.
* Sermon before the Commons, 1642.
72 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
THOMAS LYE, (M. A.) ; a small head, with se
veral others. See JACOMB. Mr. Wood says this head
is very like him.
Thomas Lye, who was some time a servitor at Wadham College,
in Oxford, was, in the time of the interregnum, made minister of
Chard, in Somersetshire ; whence he was ejected for refusing to
swear contrary to the Covenant. In 1658, he became pastor of
All-hallows church, in Lombard-street, London ; and was, the next
year, made one of the approvers of ministers, as he had been be
fore in Somersetshire. He was famous for catechising children,
and writing books for their instruction. His manner of instructing
was so engaging, that the children came with eagerness to be ca
techised by him. His " Explanation of the shorter Catechism,"
and his " Child s Delight," have been often printed. Mr. Wood,
in his account of his sermons, says he has one in " The Morning
Exercise at St. Giles s in the Fields, near London, in May, 1659."
Lond. 1676, 4to. In which " Morning Exercise/ one John Tillot-
son* hath also a sermon. Ob. 7 July, 1684.
THOMAS WATSON, &c. (M. A.) J. Sturt sc. a
THOMAS WATSON. V. Hove; prefixed to his "Art
of Contentment ," 1662 ; Svo.
Thomas Watson, who was educated at Emmanuel College, in
Cambridge, was minister of St. Stephen s Walbrook, in London,
where he was much admired as a preacher; and his powers in
praying extempore, are said to have been very extraordinary. Dr.
Calamy tells us, that Bishop Richardson, before the Bartholomew
act took place, went to hear him on a lecture day, and was much
taken with his sermon, but more with his prayer after ; that he fol
lowed him home to thank him, and beg a copy of the prayer ; and
that the prelate was surprised, when he told him it was not preme
ditated. His " Art of Divine Contentment" has been oftener
printed than any of his works. After his death, was published his
* This one John Tillotson resembles much the one Walpole of Dr. Swift, in his Last
Four Years of Queen Anne. But Swift improves upon it by his Apology for having
made mention of a person so obscure. Bishop Burnet was censured for having said
one Prior.
OF ENGLAND. 73
" Body of Divinity, or Course of Sermons," 1692, folio, to which
his portrait is prefixed.*
SAMUEL CLARKE, (Serf.) M. 50, 1649; in
his hair ; four English verses; prefixed to his " Lives of
the Fathers" 8$c. 1650; 4to. T. Cross sc.
SAMUEL CLARKE. R. G ay wood f.
SAMUEL CLARKE. R. White sc. h. sh.
SAMUEL CLARKE, JEt. 75, Oct. 10, 1674. Bin-
neman sc. Before his " Looking-glass for Persecutors."
SAMUEL CLARKE, &c. W. Tringham sc. h. sh.
SAMUEL CLARKE. J. Dunstall sc. half sheet.
SAMUEL CLARKE, 2Et. 50, 1649; in a cap. Cross sc.
SAMUEL CLARKE, JEt. 65, 1664; larger; prefixed
to his " Marty rology / 4to. T. Cross sc.
SAMUEL CLARKE ; 4.to. Dahl pinx. (Spilsbury.)
Samuel Clarke, a preacher and writer of considerable note, was,
during the interregnum, and at the time of the ejection, minister of
St. Bennet Fink, in London. In November, 1660, he, in the name
of the Presbyterian ministers, presented an address of thanks to
the king, for his declaration for liberty of conscience. He was one
of the commissioners at the Savoy, and behaved on that occasion
with great decency and moderation. " He sometimes attended
the church as a hearer and a communicant."f He was much
esteemed by all that knew him, for his great probity and industry.
He died the 25th of Dec. 1682. His works were much in vogue
among ordinary readers. The author and his bookseller seem to
* Dr. Doddridge, in his " Life of Col. Gardiner," p. 31, edit. 1747, mentions a
book, written by Watson, with this or the like title : " The Christian Soldier, or
Heaven taken by Storm," which was the book in which the colonel had been read.
ing just before his marvellous conversion.
t Calamy. ,
VOL. V. L
74 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
have been thoroughly informed of this secret, "That a taking title-
page becomes much more taking, with an engraved frontispiece be
fore it; and that little pictures, in the body of the book, are great
embellishments to style and matter." Mr. Clarke was more a com
piler than an author. His name was anagrammatized to Su (c) kail
Cream, alluding to his taking the best parts of those books from
which he made his collections. The most valuable of his numerous
works are his " Lives of the Puritan Divines, and other Persons of
Note ;" in which are some things not to be found in other memoirs.
Twenty-two of these lives are printed with his " Martyrology."
The rest are in his " Lives of sundry eminent Persons in this latter
Age," 1683, folio;* and in his " Marrow of Ecclesiastical History/
folio and 4to.
SAMUEL CLARKE, M. A. natus Nov. 12 ? 1626.
R. White ad vivum sc. h. sh.
This person was the son of the former, and much superior to
him in parts and learning. He was fellow of Pembroke Hall, in
Cambridge, but was ejected from his fellowship for refusing to take
the Engagement. He was also ejected afterward, from his rectory of
Grendon, in Buckinghamshire. He applied himself early to^the study
of the Scriptures; and the books which he published, as helps to
others in the same course of study, are so many proofs of his in
dustry and abilities. His " Annotations on the Bible," printed to
gether with the sacred text, was the great work of his life. It is
commended in very high terms by Dr. Owen and Mr. Baxter, as a
laborious and judicious performance ; and in still higher, by Dr.
Calamy, who says, that it " bears the lively signatures of his
exact learning, singular piety, and indefatigable industry ; and has
been valued by good judges, of different sentiments and persua
sions, considering the brevity of the parts, and entireness of the
whole, as the best single book upon the Bible in the world." It
has been an excellent fund for some modern commentators, who
have republished a great part of it, with very little alteration. No
thing is more common at present, than to buy old books of divinity
at three-pence a pound, and retail them to the public at three-
* In the preface to this book, in which are several portraits, is the life of the
author, written by himself. It appears by this account, that he was the most pain
ful and voluminous compiler of his age.
OF ENGLAND. 75
halfpence a sheet. Ob. Feb. 24, 1700-1, Mt. 75. He has been
confounded with Samuel Clarke, a celebrated orientalist, of whom
there is an account, in " Athen. Oxon." II. Col. 456.
THOMAS WADSWORTH, M. A. R. White sc.
Before his " Remains ;" 1680 ; small Svo.
Thomas Wadsworth received his education at Christ s College,
in Cambridge, where he was under the care of Mr. Owtram, a tutor
of eminence. He was, at the restoration, minister of Newington
Butts, where he not only spent his time, but a great part of his
fortune, in works of piety and charity. He distributed Bibles among
the poor, and constantly visited his parishioners, and instructed
them from house to house. He was, at the time of the ejection,
minister of St. Laurence Poultney, in London, and afterward
preached privately at Newington, Theobald s, and Southwark.
He received nothing for his labours, but was content to spend and
be spent in his great Master s service. His " Diary," printed at the
end of his " Life/ contains the strongest proofs of his being an
excellent Christian : and it is no less evident, from his practical
works, that he strove to make others as good Christians as himself.
He died of the stone, the 29th of Oct. 1676. His composure under
the tortures of his distemper was such, as shewed his patience to
be, at least, equal to the rest of his virtues.
HENRICUS NEWCOME, M.^A. Mancuniensis.
R. White sc. 4to.
Henry Newcome, of St. John s College, in Cambridge, was some
time rector of Gausworth, in Cheshire, whence, in 1656, he re
moved to Manchester. He was a man of parts and learning, of
great humanity and modesty, and admired as a preacher by all
that ever heard him. When he was no longer permitted to preach,
he applied himself diligently to writing, and published discourses
on several religious subjects. He was also author of " A faithful
Narrative of the Life and Death of that holy and laborious Preacher,
Mr. John Machin, late of Astbury, in Cheshire;" 1671 ; Svo. In,
the latter part of his life, he preached at a chapel on the south side
of the town of Manchester, which was built on purpose for him.
Ob. Sept. 1695, Mt. 68.
76 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JAMES JANEWAY, (M. A.) four verses, Time
made no furrows," $$c. 12mo.
JAMES JANEWAY. Van Hove sc. I2mo.
JAMES JANEWAY, together with the heads of Edm.
Calamy, Ralph Yenning, and Jos. Caryl. Before
" Saints Memorials, 8$c. being a Collection of divers
Sentences," 1674 ; Svo. All these persons had a hand
in this book.
James Janeway was the son of a clergyman in Hertfordshire,
and the third of five brothers, who were all bred to the ministry.
In 1655, he became a student of Christ Church, in Oxford, and
soon after the restoration, minister of Rotherhithe, in Surrey. He
was a young man of great industry and strictness of life, and his
preaching is said to have been attended with signal effects upon
many, especially in the time of the plague, when he entered into
the deserted pulpits, and preached to great numbers : he also made
it his business to visit the sick. Mr. Wood, who says " he was
admired for a forward and precious young man, especially by those
of the female sex," has omitted this circumstance of his life. His
labours, which were too many for his delicate constitution, are said
to have hastened his death, which happened on the 16th of March,
1673-4. A considerable number of his sermons are in print. He
also published the Life of his elder brother, John, a young man of
extraordinary piety : " A Token for Children," often printed. His
" Legacy to his Friends," before which is his portrait, contains
twenty-seven famous instances of God s providence, in and about
sea-dangers and deliverances, &c. 1674; Svo. See more of him
in his funeral sermon by Ryther, before which is his print.
RALPH YENNING, with several other heads. See
the above article.
RALPH YENNING, &c. (M. A.) who died the 10 th of
March, 1673-4, in the year of his age, 53. Hollar f.
12010.
OF ENGLAND.
Ralph Venning, who had been educated at Emmanuel College,
in Cambridge, was, before the ejection,, lecturer of the church of
St. Olave, in Southw ark, where he was in high repute for his preach
ing. He was, in his charity sermons, a powerful advocate for the
poor, among whom he distributed annually some hundreds of
pounds. His oratory on this topic is said to be almost irresistible ;
as some have gone to church with a resolution not to give, and
have been insensibly and involuntarily melted into compassion, and
bestowed their alms with uncommon liberality. As he was a man
of no faction himself, men of different factions and religions were
generally disposed to do justice to his character. He was author
of the nine practical treatises, which are all specified by Dr.
Calamy.
HENRY STUBBES, (or STUBBE) (M. A.) Ob.
July 7, 1678; M. 73; I2mo.
Henry Stubbes, who, according to Mr. Wood, was educated at
Magdalen Hall,* or, according to Dr. Calamy, at Wadham College,
in Oxford, was, for many years, a minister of very considerable
note. He exercised his ministry at Wells, in Somersetshire ; after
ward at Dursley and Horsley, in Gloucestershire : but, in the latter
part of his life, he resided altogether in London. Here he preached
almost every day, and some days twice. He was one of the most
moderate and generally respected of the nonconformists ; as he
loved, so he seemed to be beloved of all good men. Dr. Calamy
says " he lived like an incarnate angel ;" and Mr. Baxter his inti
mate friend, has, in the " Narrative of his own Life," and the ser
mon which he preached at his funeral, represented him as a man of
great sanctity of life, and a blessing to those parts of the kingdom
in which he lived. " I scarce remember, says he, the man that I
ever knew, that served God with more absolute resignation and de-
votedness, in simplicity and godly sincerity ; living like the primitive
Christians, without any pride or worldly motive ; or in whose case
I had rather die." Dr. Calamy and Mr. Wood have given us a
list of his practical works ; but they have both omitted the follow
ing : " Two Epistles to the professing Parents of baptized Children,"
written a little before his death, in 1678.
* " Athcn. Oxon." ii. coll. 668.
78 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CHRISTOPHER NESSE, (M. A,) minister of the
gospel in Fleet-street, London; JEt. 56, 1678; Svo.
Christopher Nesse, who was some time of St. John s College, in
Cambridge, was a minister in several noted towns in Yorkshire :
particularly at Leeds, where, at the time of the ejection, he was
lecturer to Dr. Lake, afterward bishop of Chichester. There had
been, for some time, a bickering betwixt the doctor and the lecturer,
who preached with warmth against each other s doctrine. After
the passing of the Five Mile Act, he preached in several of the vil
lages about Leeds. In 1675, he was in great danger of being
sent to prison ; which occasioned his flying to London, where he
became minister to a private congregation, and spent a great part
of his time in writing. The chief of his works, which are numerous,
are his " History and Mystery of the Old and New Testament/
&c.* in four volumes folio; and his" Church History from Adam,"
1681. John Dunton, the bookseller, tells us, that he wrote for him
" The Life of Pope Innocent XI." of which the whole impression
sold off in a fortnight, f His style is but very indifferent. 06. 26
Dec. 1705, ML 84.
J. FORBES, (M. A.) four English verses, " He that
views For bes s face" 8$c. VZmo.^
James Forbes descended from an honourable family in Scotland,
was educated at Aberdeen, where he took the degree of master of
arts, and was afterward admitted to the same degree at Oxford.
In 1654, he began to exercise his ministry at Gloucester, where he
preached in the cathedral for six years, and exerted himself so much,
that his life was apparently in danger. He was strongly persuaded
by Dean Frampton, afterward bishop of Gloucester, to conform
to the church ; but persisted in his nonconformity. He was very
assiduous in preaching privately, when he could no longer preach
in public ; which occasioned his being several times imprisoned,
and once for a whole year. He was, as to his tenets, a strict Cal-
vinist, and an Independent. He was liberal and charitable to a
degree beyond his circumstances, and was greatly respected for his
* The reader will find some things well worth his notice in these volumes.
tDuntonV Life."
J There is a print from the same plate, with the name of Murford on it, concerning
whom, after particular search, I cannot find the least mention. The verses under
the head denote him a poet. Calam3 r .
OF ENGLAND. 79
learning and piety. He died the 31st of May, 1712, in the 83d
year of his age, and lies buried at Gloucester, where he constantly
resided in the latter part of his life. " He was off and on," as Dr.
Calamy tells us, " fifty-eight years minister in that city." The
most considerable of his works is his " Christian directed in the
Way to Heaven."
NATHAN AEL VINCENT, (M.A.) &c. R. White
delin. et sc. Before his " True Touchstone of Grace
and Nature" 1681 ; small Svo.
Nathaniel Vincent, who received his education at Christ Church,
in Oxford, became a member of that university at eleven years of
age ; and, when he was about eighteen, took the degree of master
of arts. We are informed by Mr. Wood, that before he took that
degree he was an extravagant and dissolute young man ; but that
afterward he was visibly reformed, and was appointed chaplain in
ordinary to King Charles II.* He soon became a very noted
preacher and writer ; and as he was one of the most assiduous, so he
was also one of the most unfortunate of his nonconforming brethren.
He was several times imprisoned, and heavily fined for holding con
venticles ; and was once sentenced to suffer three years imprison
ment, and then banishment, in pursuance of an act made in the
25th of Elizabeth. But his counsel finding a flaw in the indict
ment, the sentence was never carried into execution. He distin
guished himself by preaching amidst the ruins after the fire of
London, where multitudes assembled to hear him, many of whose
consciences were awakened by that dreadful calamity.! He died
iii 1697. He was author of many sermons, and other practical
pieces of divinity.
* Mr. Wood says, that he preached before the king at Newmarket in a long
periwig, &c. according to the then fashion for gentlemen, and that his majesty
was much offended at it, &c. &c.
t Thomas Vincent, his brother, a man of a similar character, exerted himself on
the same occasion ; as he did also in the time of the pestilence, when he con
stantly preached and visited the sick, but escaped the distemper himself. He was
author of " God s terrible Voice to the City by Plague and Fire ;" and published
another book of the like kind, occasioned by an eruption of Mount ./Etna, en
titled, " Fire and Brimstone ; I. From Heaven, in the burning of Sodom and
Gomorrah formerly; II. From Earth, in the burning of Mount JEtna. lately;
III. From Hell, in the burning of the wicked eternally;" 1670; Svo. I have
mentioned this book, as it is not specified in the list of his works by Dr. Calamy.
SO BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GEORGE GRIFFITH. M. A. R. White sc. 4to.
The print, which is anonymous, is known by this
inscription :
Most gladly would I learn, and gladly teach."
Mr. George Griffith, who was educated at Emmanuel College, in
Cambridge,* was, before the ejection, a preacher at the Charter
house, and a weekly lecturer at St. Bartholomew s, behind the
Exchange. In 1654, he was added to the number of those divines
who were appointed commissioners for the approbation or rejection
of ministers, and who were distinguished by the name of Triers.f
Dr. Calamy informs us, that he was much followed in the former
part of his life, for his " great invention and devotion in prayer ;"
but that when he was advanced in years, his congregation declined.
The same author, who makes no mention of any thing written by
him, gives us also to understand, that he was a man of an agreeable
conversation and polite behaviour.
The Rev. Mr. BAXTER : from an original in the
possession of the Rev. Mr. Benjamin Fawcet, at Kid
derminster. Spilsbury f. h. sh. mezz.
RICHARD BAXTER; a book on a table before him;
_ }<t English rer-ye-y : 4 fa.
*
RICHARDUS BAXTERVS. A*. 1670, JEt. 55. R.
White sc.
RICHARDUS BAXTL Sec. eight English verses.
Before his " Poor Man s Family Book: 1674 ; Svo.
* This appears from Kennel s " Register and Chronicle," p. 933, 934. The
person of both bis names mentioned br Dr. Calamy, as taking his master s degree
in 1726, was afterward bishop of St. Asaph.
f These Triers for the most part brought the test to a short issue. If a minister
readily gave op the fire points of Anninras, embraced the tenets of Calvin, and
was crthadux in politics, he was generally qualified to hold any benefice in the
OF ENGLAND.
RICHARDUS BAXTERUS. ccc. eight English verses.
R. White sc. Before his " Catholic Theology.* 1G7-5 :
folio.
RICHARDUS BAXTERUS, JEt. 62. R. White sc.
h. sh.
RICHARD BAXTER. J. Riley del. J. Caldwall sc.
In the " Nonconformists* Memorial."
RICHARD BAXTER, JEt. 76. T. D. to his - ; Call to
the Unconverted ;" l 2mo. 1696.
RICHARD BAXTER; .>/.r verses; JEt. 76. J. Dra-
pentier ; scarce ; fol.
RICHARD BAXTER. T". Hove; to his " Funeral S
mon and Lift ;" fol.
RICHARD BAXTER, ^Et. 76, J. Sturt.
RICHARD BAXTER. G. Vertue sc. Svo.
RICHARD BAXTER. R. White sc. to his Life and
Works," 1696:/o/.
RICHARD BAXTER: icith a scu II; 12 mo .
RICHARDUS BAXTERUS. Arthur Soly sc. 1683; \*2mo.
Richard Baxter was a man famous for weakness of body and
strength of mind ; for having the stron^ use of religion him
self, and exciting a sense of it in the thoughtless and the prof.
for preaching more sermons, engaging in more controversies, and
writing more books, than any other nonconformist of his age. He
spoke, disputed, and wrote with ease ; and discovered the same in
trepidity when he reproved Cromwell, and expostulated v.
Charles II. as when he preached to a congregation of median
His zeal for religion was extraordinary, but it seems n^
prompted him to faction, or carried him to enthusiasm. TV
VOL. v. M
82 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
champion of the Presbyterians was the common butt of men of every
other religion, and of those who were of no religion at all. But
this had very little effect upon him : his presence and his firm
ness of mind on no occasion forsook him. He was just the same
man before he went into a prison, while he was in it, and when he
came out of it ; and he maintained a uniformity of character to
the last gasp of his life. His enemies have placed him in hell ; but
every man who has not ten times the bigotry that Mr. Baxter him
self had, must conclude that he is in a better place. This is a very
faint and imperfect sketch of Mr. Baxter s character : men of his
size are not to be drawn in miniature. His portrait, in full propor
tion, is in his " Narrative of his own Life and Times ;" which,
though a rhapsody composed in the mariner of a diary, contains a
great variety of memorable things, and is itself, as far as it goes,
a history of nonconformity. His " Catholic Theology," and his
* Saints Everlasting Rest," are the most considerable of his wri
tings, which consist of a hundred and forty-five different treatises.
His " Call to the Unconverted" has been oftener printed than
any of his works.* See the following reign.
MATTILEUS MEAD, 1683. R. White sc. Before
his " Good of early Obedience" 1683 ; Svo. There is a
copy of this by Nutting, prefixed to his " Young Man s
Remembrancer" a book not mentioned by Dr. Calamy.
MATT. MEAD, M. 60, 1691. R. White sc. fol.
Matthew Mead descended from a good family in Buckingham
shire, was some time minister of Brickhill, in that county ; whence
he removed to Stepney, near London, where he resided the greater
part of his life. He was long a very eminent preacher, and of no
* Baxter was the chief of the commissioners for the Presbyterians, at the con
ference held at the Savoy ; the issue of which was, that both parties were much
further from a comprehension than they were before it began.
At p. 54 of Archdeacon Sharp s " Visitation Charges," in the notes, is the fol
lowing passage, subjoined to that part of the charge where the author speaks con
cerning the admission of schismatics, not lying under ecclesiastical censures, to the
sacrament. " This matter was thoroughly considered in the case of Mr. Richard
Baxter, the famous nonconformist, if he may be called so, who constantly attended
the church-service and sacrament in the parish where he lived, at those times when
he was not engaged at his own meeting-iiouse."
OF ENGLAND.
small note as a casuist and a writer; his " Almost Christian/ being
esteemed an excellent performance. Though he was accounted a
zealous nonconformist, he never meddled with controversies, but
was extremely desirous of a union of all visible Christians.* He
was, among other innocent persons, accused as an accomplice in
the Rye-house plot ; upon which he fled into Holland, and carried
his son Richard with him, whom he placed under an excellent
schoolmaster. This son, who was the eleventh of his thirteen
children, rose to great eminence in the profession of physic, and
was many years physician to George II. After his return to Eng
land, he was summoned to appear before the privy council, where
he very fully vindicated his innocence, and was presently discharged.
He died on the 16th of Oct. 1699. Mr. John Howe, who preached
his funeral sermons, represent him as a man of exemplary conduct
in every relation of life.
JOHN FLAVEL, M. 50, 1680. R. White sc.
JOHN FLAVEL, JEt. 59, 1689. R. White sc. 8vo.
JOHN FLAVEL. V. Gucht ; to his " Works f fol.
JOHN FLAVEL. J. Caldwall sc. In the u Noncon
formists Memorial"
JOHN FLAVEL. R. Cooper sc. folio.
John Flavel, who was educated at University College, in Oxford,
was minister of Deptford, and afterward at Dartmouth, in Devon
shire, where he resided the greatest part of his life. He wrote
many pieces of practical divinity, some of which were calculated for
sailors ; particularly his " Navigation spiritualized, or a New
Compass for Seamen, consisting of thirty-two Points of pleasant
Observations, and serious Reflections, 8vo. to which are subjoined
spiritual Poems." He was also author of " Husbandry spiritual
ized, &c. to which are added Occasional Meditations upon Beasts,
Birds, Trees, Flowers, Rivers, and several other objects/ f 8vo.
He was long a constant and frequent preacher, and was thought to
* Sermon at his funeral, by Mr. John Howe.
t See the note under the article of Dr. COLLING?, in this Class.
84 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
have a good talent that way. Part of his Diary, printed with his
Remains, must give the reader a high idea of his piety. Though
he was generally respected at Dartmouth, yet, in 1685, several of
the aldermen of that place, attended by the rabble, carried about a
ridiculous effigy of him, to which were affixed the Covenant, and
the Bill of Exclusion. He thought it prudent at that time to with
draw from the town, not knowing what treatment he might meet
with himself, from a riotous mob, headed by magistrates who were
themselves among the lowest of mankind. Ob. 26 June, 1691,
&t. 61. His works were printed after his death, in two volumes
folio.
M r . EDMUND TRENCH. M. Beak p. R. White sc.
Motto, " In Simplicity and goodly Sincerity" Before
his Life., drawn out of his own Diary, 1693 ; 12mo.
Edmund Trench, when he was about sixteen years of age, was
sent to Queen s College, in Cambridge, whence he removed to
Magdalen Hall, in Oxford, where he stayed about two years. He
afterward studied physic abroad : but his inclination leading him
strongly to the ministry, he applied himself to divinity. He was a
man of the sincerest piety, and appears to have been very sensibly
affected with the follies and irregularities of his younger years. But
these were amply atoned for by his subsequent conduct. He spent
his time, and part of his fortune, in the exercise of his ministry,
without receiving any thing for his labours. He appropriated the
tenth, and for some years, the seventh part of his income, to works
of charity. His Diary, which was written for his private use,
without any design of its being communicated to the public, as some
late diaries have been, shews what sort of a man he was. Ob. March
30, 1689, Mt. 46.
ISAAC AMBROSE, M. 59, 1663; a book in his
right hand. Before his Works T fol. 1674, & 1689.
Isaac Ambrose was minister of Preston, and afterward of Gar-
stang, in Lancashire ; whence he was, in 1662, ejected for noncon
formity. It was usual with him to retire every year for a month,
into a little hut in a wood, where he shunned all society, and de
voted himself to religious contemplation. He had, according to
OF ENGLAND. 85
Dr. Calamy, a very strong impulse on his mind of the approach of
death ; and took a formal leave of his friends at their own houses,
a little before his departure : and the last night of his life, he sent
his Discourse concerning Angels to the press. The next day he
shut himself up in his parlour, where, to the great surprise and
regret of all that saw him, he was found just expiring. Ob. 1663-4,
JEt. 72. Dr. Calamy says, that it is much to be lamented that there
are no particular memoirs of his life.
EDWARD PEARSE, M. 40, 1673. R. White sc.
I2mo. Before his "Last Legacy" which is the second
edition of his " Beams of Divine Glory""
Edward Pearse, whom Dr. Calamy styles " a most affectionate
and useful preacher/ was ejected from St. Margaret s, Westmin
ster, when the Act of Uniformity took place. He was author of se
veral practical treatises ; the most noted of which is entitled, " The
great Concern, or a serious Warning to a timely and thorough Pre
paration for Death," &c. which was frequently distributed at fune
rals. It has been reprinted above twenty times. He earnestly
prayed, in his last illness, that something of his might be useful after
his decease; "which prayer," says Dr. Calamy, " was remarkably
answered in the signal success of this little book." Ob. 1673,
Mt. 40.*
GULIELMUS SHERWIN, &c. W. Sherwin sc.
We learn from the Latin inscription on this print, that
the engraver was the eldest son of the person repre
sented, and that he was made royal engraver by
patent. The head is prefixed to his " Clavis," &c.
4to. 1672.
* There was another Edward Pearse, who was author of " The Conformist s Plea
for the Nonconformists," who has been confounded with the person above men
tioned. 1 take this to be the minister of Cottesbrook, in Northamptonshire, whom
Wood, vol. ii. coll. 999, calls " a conforming nonconformist." That the author of
the " Plea" really conformed is apparent from S oath s " Sermons," vol. vi. p. 33,
from Rennet s " Register and Chronicle," p. 755, and from Neale s " Historj of the
Puritans," vol. iv. p. 503.
86 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
William Sherwin, minister of Wallington, in Hertfordshire, and
lecturer of Baldock, in that county, applied himself to the study of
the abstrusest parts of scripture, on which he has published several
books. He particularly studied the obscure prophecies of Daniel,
and St. John in the Apocalypse ; and was much bigoted to his mil
lennial notions.
WILLIAM DYER, M. 27; llmo. - r
William Dyer was minister of Cholesbury, in Buckinghamshire,
whence he was ejected, in 1662, for nonconformity. He was au
thor of sermons on several subjects, printed in small volumes, and
commonly sold among chapmen s books. His * Glimpse of Sion s
Glory," which contains the substance of several sermons upon Rev.
xiv. 4, is dedicated to the parishioners of Cholesbury. His " Christ s
famous Titles, and a Believer s Golden Chain," are in another
small volume. His " Christ s Voice to London," &c. contains two
sermons preached in the time of the plague.* He turned Quaker
in the latter part of his life, and lies interred in the burying-ground
in Southwark. Ob. April, 1696, Mt. 60.
THOMAS COLE; cloak, short band, 4Jo. mezz. fol.
V. Spriett sc.
THOMAS COLE ; an etching.
Thomas Cole was author of several sermons, printed in the Sup
plement to the " Morning Exercise at Cripplegate," and in the
" Casuistical Morning Exercise." See Letsome s " Preacher s
Assistant."
NATHANAEL PARTRIDGE ; mezz. 4to.
Nathaniel Partridge was minister at St. Alban s : Dr. Calamy
supposes that he belonged to St. Michael s, and that he was ejected
in 1662.
Mr. JOHN GOSNOLD, minister of the gospel,
* His works, which are much in the style of Bunyau, were reprinted in 1761.
OF ENGLAND. . 87
&c. " Of whom the world was not worthy. Van
Hove sc. [2mo.
John Gosnold, who was an Anabaptist preacher in London of
some note, was educated at Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge. He
particularly exerted himself against Socinianism. He died, much
regretted by his flock, 1678, in the fifty-third year of his age.*
HANSARD KNOLLIS, minister of the gospel,
aged 67 years ; small Svo.
HANSARD KNOLLIS, 2Et. 93. J, H. v. Hove ; pre
fixed to his " Life; 1692.
Hansard Knollis, who was several times convened before the
committee for preaching Antinomianism and Antipsedobaptism,
having been prohibited from preaching in public churches, opened
a separate congregation in Great S. Helen s, which was soon sup-
pressed.f It appears from his book on the llth chapter of the Reve
lation, which he published in this reign,! that he was strongly tinc
tured with Quakerism. He was author of " A Flaming Fire in
Zion," in answer to Mr. Saltmarsh s book, entitled " The Smoke in
the Temple." If the reader should have patience to peruse these
two very singular pieces, he will most probably be of opinion, that
there is much more smoke than fire in them both.
I take the two following persons to be dissenting ministers, but
know nothing of their personal history. They may perhaps belong
to a subsequent reign.
JOSUA MOONE; hair, coif, short band with
strings, a black loose robe 9 arms. Motto, " Quidretri-
buam Domino." At bottom, " Mediis tranquillus in
undis" R. White ad vivum delin.
JOHN HOPWOOD, M. 26, 1676. John Dra-
pentier sc.
* Calamy t Neale, iii. p, 163. \ 1679.
88 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
HUGH PETERS, Oct. 1660; M. 61 ;
" Lo here the dictates of a dying man !
Mark well his note ! who like the expiring swan,
Wisely presaging her approaching doom,
Sings in soft charms her epicedium.
Such, such, were his ; who was a shining lamp,
Which, though extinguish d by a fatal damp,
Yet his last breathings shall, like incense hurl d
On sacred altars, so perfume the world,
That the next will admire, and out of doubt,
Revere that torch-light which this age put out."
Before his " Last Legacy to his Daughter." Two
prints before different editions of the book.
Hugh Peters, together with his brethren the regicides, went to
his execution with an air of triumph, rejoicing that he was to suffer
in so good a cause. It appears from this instance, and many others,
that the presumption of an enthusiast is much greater than that of
a saint. The one is always humble, and works out his salvation with
fear and trembling ; the other is arrogant and assuming, and seems
to demand it as his right. This portrait may be degraded to the
twelfth Class, See the INTERREGNUM.
ROBERT TRAILL, minister of Gray -Friars
church, Edinburgh ; from an original picture painted
during his exile in Holland, and now in the possession of
the Right Honourable the Earl of Buchan. R. Wil
kinson; Svo.
ROBERT TRAILL. E. Harding ; Svo.
* Lord Clarendon observes, that the fanatics " discovered a wonderful malignity
in their discourses, and vows of revenge for their innocent friends, (the regicides).
They caused the speeches they made at their deaths to be printed, in which there
was nothing of a repentance or sorrow for their wickedness ; but a justification of
what they had done for the cause of God." They had their meetings to consult
about revenge, and hoped that the disbanded army would have espoused their
cause. See the " Continuation of Lord Clarendon s Life," p. 134, 135.
OF ENGLAND. cS9
Robert Traill was a rigid Calvinist, and one of the most eloquent
and leading preachers among the covenanters. He was one of the
ministers who attended the Marquis of Montrose to the scaffold,
with a view rather to insult, than console that great man, on the
unfortunate occasion. Soon after the restoration he was ejected
from his situation of minister of the Gray-Friar s church, in Edin
burgh ; and sought personal safety by flight into Holland, in the
year 1662.
CLERGYMEN OF THE CHURCH OF ROME.
THOMAS PHILIPPUS HOWARDUS, &c. car-
dinalis de Norfolcia. Nicolo Byli sc. large sh.
A copy by Clouet, 4 to.*
PHILIP^PUS HOWARD, cardinalis de Norfolk. A 7 ".
Noblin sc. " Offerebant Alumni Anglo- Duaceni;" h. sh.
From a private plate in the possession of the Hon.
Charles Howard., of Greystock, esq. author of the " His
torical Anecdotes of some of the Howard Family"^
THOMAS HOWARD, cardinal, &c. Du Chatel p.
J. Vander Bruggenf. mezz. h.
THOMAS PHILIP HOWARD, &c. Poilly ; sh.
THOMAS PHILIP HOWARD, &c. Zucchi ; sh.
THOMAS PHILIP HOWARD, &c. mezz. sitting in a
chair. Du Chatel. J. F. Leonart sc. scarce.
Thomas Philip Howard, third son of Henry, earl of Arundel, and
younger brother to Henry, duke of Norfolk, went abroad with his
* In " Vita? Pontif. & Cardinal." Roraae, 1751, 2 vol. fol.
t Now in the possession of the Duke of Norfolk.
J At Lord Spencer s, at Wimbledon, is a fine portrait, by Rubens, said to be of
Cardinal Howard, who did not assume the purple till the ;year 167.5 j but Rubens,
who undoubtedly painted the picture, died in 1640.
VOL. V. N
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
grandfather, Thomas, earl of Arundel, in the time of the civil war;
and at about fifteen years of age, entered into a convent of Domini
cans at Cremona. In May, 1675, he was, by the interest of Cardinal
Altieri, advanced to the purple. It is probable that the pope had
a view of promoting the Catholic cause in England by his means ;
as the Duke of York, the heir to the crown, was professedly of that
religion. He was sometimes called the cardinal of England, as Car
dinal Allen was formerly ; and was the only Englishman raised to
that dignity, since the reign of Elizabeth. He was a man of sin
gular humanity and benevolence, and was generally visited by the
English nobility and gentry in their travels. He was zealous for
his religion, and very desirous of making converts. The lady
Theophila Lucy, widow of SirKingsmill Lucy, and second daugh
ter of George, earl of Berkeley, was converted by him, when she
was at Rome, in the latter end of this reign. This lady became
afterward the wife of Robert Nelson, esq. who, when he married
her, knew nothing of the change of her religion.
OLIVERIUS PLUNKET. G. Morphenp. J. Van-
dervaartf. h. sh. mezz.
OLIVER PLUNKET. Murphey p. T. Donbare.ro.
h. sh. mezz.
OLIVEUIUS PLUNKET, arcliiepiscopus Armachanus,
&c, robes, crosier, fyc. 8vo. R. Collins sc. Bruxdl.
The plate, which belonged to Dr. Rawlinson, is in the Bodleian
Library, where there is a painting of him.
OLIVER PLUNKET; mezz. Laurie sc. mezz. from
the painting done in Newgate ; Lowndes cxc. 1779.
OLIVER PLUNKET ; mezz. E. Lutterel ; 4to.
OLIVER PLUNKET ; Svo. J. Berry sc.
Oliver Plunket, titular primate of all Ireland, was advanced to
the archbishopric of Armagh, by the interest of Cardinal Rospig-
liosi. His promotion is said to have been in lieu of a debt, which
a certain lady was unable, or unwilling to pay, and therefore soli-
OF ENGLAND. 91
cited the cardinal in his behalf.* He was a man of an inoffensive
character ; but was condemned upon the testimony of very infamous
witnesses, for a design of bringing a French army over to Ireland,
to massacre all the Protestants in that kingdom. The ground of
the prosecution against him was his censuring several priests, who
were subordinate to him, for their scandalous lewdness.f He did
not only deny the accusation upon his trial, but persisted in assert
ing his innocence to the last moment of his life. The parliament,
who took every occasion of expressing their animosity against the
Papists, owned themselves convinced of the reality of " the horrid
and damnable Irish plot." He was hanged, drawn, and quartered,
July 1, 1681. His quarters were buried in the churchyard of St.
Giles s in the Fields, near the bodies of five Jesuits, who were a
little before executed at Tyburn. His remains were afterward
taken up, and conveyed to the monastery of Benedictines, atLands-
prug, in Germany.
RICHARDUS RUSSELLUS, Portal egrensis Eccle-
sise Episcopus. T. Dudley Anglus f. 1679. In the
habit of a bishop of the church of Rome.
Richard Russel, a native of Rutlandshire, was educated in the
English college of secular priests at Lisbon. He, in the quality of
interpreter, attended Don Francisco de Mello to England, when
he came to negotiate the marriage betwixt Charles II. and the in
fanta. He was, upon his return, rewarded with the bishopric of
Portalegro. I know not what pretensions he had to the saintly
character, but Dod speaking of him, says, " I find, in a letter
written by Dr. Godden into England, that during the ceremony of
his consecration, a dove was seen to come in at the window, and
hover partly over his head, which the doctor leaves to his corre
spondent to speculate upon." Bishop Russel was living in 1688.
H. BRADY ; a head in an oval, with a small peaked
beard; Quirinus Boel del. 8$f. Lovanii ; h. sh. Round
the oval is this inscription : " Adm. Rev. illustri claris-
* See " Atheu. Oxon." i. <J M. f Burnct, ii. 502.
92 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
simoq ; D. D. H. Brady, Equiti, Prothon. Apostol.
J. U. D. et Prof, insig. Eccles. S. Petri, Lovanii, Cano.
Colle. S. Annse Praesidi, Natio. Hib. D. co."
This distich, which was part of the epigram on the print, seems
to intimate that he published a book of canon law :
" O quantum juris thesaurum, lector, habcres,
Si sciret pictor jus dare cuique suum."
H. BRADY, &c. W. Richardson.
P. Fr. BONA VENTURA BARO, Hibernus, &c.
. 52. B. Schraman del. W. Kilian sc. An oval in
an ornamental frontispiece to a book, dated 1662. He is
represented in a cordelier s habit ; h. sh.
\
Bonaventure Baron was a native of Clonmell, in the county of
Tipperary, in Ireland. Luke Wadding, his uncle, a celebrated
friar of the order of St. Francis, of which he wrote an account,
superintended his education, and was the occasion of his taking
the habit of the same order. He lived about sixty years in Rome,
where he was for a considerable time preelector of divinity. He
died very old and blind, March 18, 1696. He was master of a
very good Latin style, and was a voluminous writer in that lan
guage. His capital work was his " Theologia," in six volumes.
He also wrote three books of Latin poetry. See a list of his works
in Sir James Ware s u Writers of Ireland," p. 253.
P. JOANNES YONGUS, Hibernus, Societat.
Jesu, Ob. Romse, 13 Julii, 1664, Mt. 75 ; Ylmo.
P. JOANNES YONGUS, &c. W. Richardson.
THOMAS PICKERING, ordinis S u . Benedict!
Monachus; passus Lond. 9 Maii, 1679, JEt. 53;
Svo.
THOMAS PICKERING, &c. H. Cook sc. Svo.
OF ENGLAND. 93
Thomas Pickering lost his life on the deposition of Titus Gates,
who swore that he and Grove were the persons who undertook to
assassinate the king. Some of his letters, which were produced in
court against him, contained ambiguous expressions that really
proved nothing at all ; but were thought to prove a great deal, when
the minds of men were strongly prepossessed, and people of all
ranks throughout the kingdom, talked and dreamed of nothing but
popish plots,
" THOMAS HARCOTTUS,* Societatis Jesu R. P.
preep. per Angliam provincialis. Fidei. odio suspen-
sus et dissectus, ad Tibourn prope Londinum, 18 Junii,
1679." Martin Bouche sc. Antverpice. A halter about
his neck, and a knife stuck in his breast ; \2rno .
THOMAS HARCOURT ; in the print with Titus Oatcs
in the pillory,
Thomas Harcourtwas hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn, s
together with four other Jesuits ; namely, Whitebread, Fenwick,
Gavan,f and Turner, for conspiring the death of the king. Gates,
Bedloe, and Dugdale, were evidences against them. Dugdale de
posed, that he had seen no less than a hundred letters relative to the
projected assassination ; which circumstance alone was sufficient to
invalidate his whole evidence. He also deposed, that Harcourt wrote
an account of the death of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, the same night
in which he was murdered, to one Ewers in Staffordshire. Though
c>
Oates s evidence, like that of Dugdale, was not absolutely incredible
in itself, it was contradicted by sixteen witnesses of character from
St. Omer s, who swore that he was at that place himself at the time
the pretended consultation of the Jesuits was held in London.
Such as were disposed to turn evidences against the Papists, at this
juncture, were much encouraged by the Earl of Shaftesbury.
JOHANNES FENWICKUS, Societatis Jesu Sa-
cerdos, R. P. Fidei odio suspensus & dissectus ad
r His name was probably pronounced Harcott.
t Gavan desired that his innocence might be proved by the ordeal.
94 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Tibourn, prope Londinum, 20-30 Junii, 1679. Martin
Bouche sc. Ant. small Svo.
JOHN FENWICK ; in the print of Titus Oates in the
pillory, fyc.
John Fenwick, whose true name was Caldwell, a native of the
bishopric of Durham, born of Protestant parents, who turned him
off upon his conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. He was edu
cated in the seminary of St. Omer s ; entered into the society at
the age of twenty-eight, 1656; and was sent upon the English
mission, 1675. He was executed in the 51st year of his age. Vide
" Memoirs of Missionary Priests," by Bishop Chaloner.
GULIELMUS WARINGUS, Soc. Jesu, suspensus
& dissectus ad Tibourn, 20-30 Junii, 1679. Martin
Bouche sc. small Svo.
WILLIAM WARING ; in the print of Titus Oates in
the pillory.
William Harcourt, alias Waring, whose true name was Barrow,
a native of Lancashire, entered into the society at the age of twenty-
three, 1632. He was rector in London at the time of his apprehen
sion. He was executed in the 70th year of his age. See " Memoirs
of Missionary Priests."
R. P. GULIELMUS IRLANDUS, Societatis Jesu
Sacerdos ; knife in his bosom. C. Van Merlen sc.
R. P. GULIELMUS IRI/ANDUS, &c. W. Richardson.
William Ireland, alias Ironmonger, was born in Lincolnshire, of
a respectable family. His uncle was killed in the king s service ;
and his relations, the Giffords and Pendrells, were instrumental in
saving King Charles the Second after the defeat at Worcester.
He was educated at St. Omer s, and entered the society early, in
which he had the character of a man of extraordinary piety and
regularity, and wonderful evenness of mind. He was sent upon
the English mission, and was apprehended upon the first breaking
OF ENGLAND. 95
out of Oates s plot, and was executed with John Grove at Tyburn,
January 24, 1679. See " Memoirs of Missionary Priests."
CHARLES BAKER ; with a knife in his bosom, 8$c.
in the print of Titus Oates in the pillory.
CHARLES BAKER. Alexander Voet sc.
Charles Baker, alias David Lewis, was born in Monmouthshire
in 1617, and brought up in the Protestant religion till about nine
teen years of age ; when he was sent by his uncle to the English
college at Rome, where he went through the courses of his studies,
and was afterward sent upon the English mission. He officiated
in South Wales for one-and-thirty years, and was executed at Usk,
in Monmouthshire, 1679. See " Memoirs of Missionary Priests."
PHILIP EVANS, Jesuit. Alexander Voet sc.
PHILIP EVANS; in the print of Titus Oates in the
pillory , 8$c.
Philip Evans was born in Monmouthshire, 1645, and was
educated at St. Omer s. After finishing his studies he was made
priest, and sent upon the English mission 1675. South Wales was
the province assigned him ; but upon his refusing the oaths he was
committed to Cardiff gaol, and executed 1679, JEt. 34, with Mr.
John Lloyd. See " Memoirs of Missionary Priests."
JOHN GAVEN, Jesuit. M. Eouche.
JOHN GAVEN ; in the print of Titus Oates in the
pillory, $c.
John Gavan, or Gawen, born in London, was educated at St.
Omer s ; where, for his candour and innocence, he was called the
angeL He finished his studies at Liege and Rome, and was then
sent to England. He was executed at Tyburn June 20th, 1679,
with Thomas Whitebread, William Harcourt, John Fenwick, and
Anthony Turner.
96 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANTHONY TURNER, Jesuit. C. van Merlin sc.
ANTHONF TURNER; in the print with Titus Oates
in the pillory,
Anthony Turner, a native of Leicestershire, and a minister s son,
was brought up in the university of Cambridge, and took his degree
of bachelor of arts ; but being converted to the Catholic religion,
went to Rome ; where, being made priest, he was sent upon the
mission, and resided chiefly at Worcester. He had so great a de
sire of suffering for his faith, that at the breaking out of the perse
cution he went to London, and delivered himself up to a justice of
peace, acknowledging that he was a priest and a Jesuit. He was
executed with Gavan and others, at Tyburn, June 20, 1679.
RICHARD CARPENTER. T. Cross sc. I2mo.
Before his " Pragmatical Jesuit" a comedy, published
after the restoration*
Some particulars of this author s personal history are to be
found in his strange medley, entitled, " Experience, History, and
Divinity." He tells us in his book,f in which he speaks with
great freedom of the corruptions of the church of Rome, that his
whole heart was never converted to that church ; and we are sure
that it was never half converted to the church of England. Before
I take my leave of Richard Carpenter, I shall present the reader
with a specimen of his style : it is before the table of errata, at the
end of the book above mentioned. " I humbly desire all clean
hearted and right spirited people, who shall reade this book
(which because the presse was oppressed, seems to have been sup-
pressed, when it was by little and little impressed ; but now, at
last, hath pressed through the presse into the publicke), first to re
store it by correcting these errata," &c. -One would imagine that
the author, during his residence in Spain, had been particularly
conversant with books of chivalry. This specimen is exactly of a
piece with the following, which was taken by Cervantes from one
of the Spanish romances, and is the style which is supposed to
* Jacob, who mentions this comedy, has placed the author in the reign of James I.
See " Lives of the Dramatic Poets."
t Part ii. p. 75.
OF ENGLAND. 97
have turned Don Quixote s brain : " The reason of your unreason
able usage of ray reason, does so enfeeble my reason, that I have
reason to expostulate with your beauty," &c.*
THOMAS CARVE; Svo. scarce.
THOMAS CARVE; Svo. W. Richardson eve.
Thomas Carve, born at Mobernan, in the county of Tipperary,
but educated at Oxford, was a secular priest, and apostolic notary,
and lived at Vienna during the latter part of his life, where he was
one of the vicars choral of St. Stephen s church, the cathedral of
that city. In his earlier years he had been chaplain to a regiment,
and travelled through many parts of Germany, during the war car
ried on there by Gustavus Adolphus, of which he hath given a
short account, as well as of the places he saw in his marches, in a
book entitled, " Itinerarium R. D. Thomse Carve Tipperariensis,
sacellani Majoris in fortissima juxta et Nobilissima Legione Strenuis-
slmi Domini Colonelli D. Waited Devereux sub. sacr. Ceesar,
Majestate Stipendia Merentis ; cum Historia/bcfo Butleri, Gordon,
Lesley et Aliorum. Moguntiae, 1639; 16mo."
He also wrote, " Lyra sive Anacephalseosis Hibernica, de Ex-
ordio sive Origine, Nomine, Moribus, ritibusq. Gentis Hibernicae,
et Annales ejusdem Hiberniae : Nee non res gestse per Europam
ab Anno 1148, ad Annum 1650; Sultzbaci 1666; 4to. Editio
Secunda." There was a former edition of it in 1660, when he was
at that time seventy years of age.
" Galateus, seu de Morum elegantia Lib. 12, Nordhusse 1669."
What else he wrote is not knQwn ; nor have we any further ac
counts of him, than that he died at Vienna 1664, in the 74th year
of his age.
A LAY-PREACHER.
JOHN BUNYAN. Sturt sc. Before his " Grace
Abounding" 8$c. \1rno.
* Motteaux " Don Quixote," p. 3.
VOL. V. O
98 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN BUNYAN. Sturt sc. Before his "Pilgrims
Progress f Svo,
JOHN BUNYAN. White sc. I2mo.
JOHN BUNYAN. Burnford sc. Ylmo.
JOHN BUNYAN. P.Bouchesc. I2mo. ^ \ ,,,
JOHN BUNYAN, JEt. 57; in a round. >j ;. o/rf
JOHN BUNYAN ; another etching, large 4fo.
JOHN BUNYAN ; etched by Mr. John Holland, late
of Peter- house, in Cambridge, from a drawing, sup
posed to be by Faithorne, in the possession of the Reverend
Mr. Lori. On the print is inscribed, " J. H. f. 1756 ;"
"
JOHN BUNYAN; mezz. J.Sadler, 1685. R.Hous
ton sc.
JOHN BUNYAN; to a late edition of his Works.
John Bunyan, a well-known preacher and writer, of Antinomian
principles, was son of a tinker in Bedfordshire, where he for some
time followed his father s occupation. His conversion, as he in
forms us himself, began in the early part of his life, while he was
at play among his companions; when he was suddenly surprised
with a voice which said to him, " Wilt thou leave thy sins and go
to heaven, or have thy sins and go to hell ?" Upon which he lifted
up his eyes, in great amazement, towards heaven, whence the voice
came, and thought he saw Christ looking down upon him.* This
had a great effect upon his mind : but he grew far more serious
upon a casual conference which he held with four poor women of
Bedford, upon the subject of the new birth. From that time he
applied himself diligently to reading the Scriptures, and, in a few
years, became a preacher and writer of note. He was long con-
* This is the substance of his own account, in his " Grace Abounding," which
contains the history of his com r ersion, and many other particulars of his life.
OF ENGLAND. 99
fined in the county gaol at Bedford for holding conventicles : here
he spent his time in preaching, writing books, and tagging laces
for his support.* After his enlargement, he travelled into many
parts of the kingdom, " to visit and confirm the brethren." These
visitations procured him the nick-name of Bishop Bunyan. When
he arrived at the sixtieth year of his age, which was the period of
his life, he had written books equal to the number of his years :
but as many of these are on similar subjects, they are very much
alike. His masterpiece is his tl Pilgrim s Progress," one of the
most popular, and, I may add, one of the most ingenious books in
the English language.f The works of Bunyan, which had been
long printed on tobacco-paper, by Nicholas Boddington and others,
were, in 1736 and 1737, reprinted in two decent volumes folio.
They are now come forth in a fairer edition than ever, with the re
commendation of Mr. George Whitfield.| Bunyan s " Pulpit Bible"
was purchased at a sale, in 1814, by Mr. Whitbread for twenty
guineas. See the next reign.
* The " Relation of his Imprisonment," &c. written by himself, was first pub
lished in 1765, 12mo.
We are tolcif that the library of this copious author, during his confinement,
which was upwards of twelve years, consisted only of the Bible and the Book of
Martyrs. See the " Life of Bunyan," at the end of his " Heavenly Footman,"
p. 128.
t Bunyan, who has been mentioned among the least and lowest of our writers,
and even ridiculed as a driveller by those who had never read him, deserves a much
higher rank than is commonly imagined. His " Pilgrim s Progress" gives us a clear
and distinct idea of Calvinistical divinity. The allegory is admirably carried on,
and the characters justly drawn, and uniformly supported. The author s original
and poetic genius shines through the coarseness and vulgarity of his language, and
intimates, that if he had been a master of numbers, he might have composed a poem
worthy of Spenser himself. As this opinion may be deemed paradoxical, I shall
venture to name two persons of eminence of the same sentiments ; one, the late
Mr. Merrick, of Reading ;|| the other, Dr. Roberts, now fellow of Eton College.
| We have perhaps as many lay-preachers in the kingdom at present, as there
were during the usurpation of Cromwell. I could name one, incomparably more
illiterate than Bunyan, who was actually obliged to leave his native place for
sheep-stealing ; but has since climbed over the fence into the sheep-fold, and is now the
leader of a numerous flock. Some look upon this man as a thief and a robber in
every sense of the words; but others consider him only in his regenerate state, and
revere him as a saint.
This observation is not to be extended to the Second Part.
{) Mr. Merrick has been heard to say, in conversation, that his invention was like
that of Homer.
100 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLASS v. ,: ;:: :
COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.
EDVARDUS NICOLAS, &c. Lely p. Vertue sc.
large h. sh.
SIR EDWARD NICHOLAS, secretary of state, &c.
from an original painting; in Lord Clarendon s
"History" _
SIR EDWARD NICHOLAS; in Simon s "Medals,"
P. 29.* r - r - ; : ..;;*:
SIR EDWARD NICHOLAS, secretary of state to
King Charles I. & II. Lely pinv. J. Scott fecit. 4fo.
In Evelyns " Memoirs."
Sir Edward Nicholas, a man of an unblemished character, and
highly esteemed for his virtues by all that knew him, was many
Promoted years principal secretary of state and privy-counsellor to Charles I.
and II. Though he was, from long experience and uncommon
industry, well qualified for the secretary s office, yet this old and
faithful servant was dismissed from his employment by the in
trigues of Mrs. Palmer, the royal mistress, and received in lieu of
it 20,000/. granted him by the king.f He was succeeded by Sir
Henry Bennet, who was afterward created earl of Arlington. This
was a step towards the disgrace of the Lord-chancellor Clarendon,
as the old secretary was his principal friend, and the new one his
inveterate enemy. Sir Edward Nicholas was father to Sir John
Nicholas, knight of the Bath, and grandfather to Edward Ni
cholas, esq. who, in the reign of Anne, was member of parlia
ment for Shaftesbury, in Dorsetshire. :{: His letters from the Hague
* His effigies, modelled in wax, by As. SIMON, are well preserved; in the posses
sion of Charles Compton, esq. a relation of the family. Vide Simon s " Medals."
t He resigned the seals in 1663.
\ The advowsons of tlie churches of Shaftesbury were the property of this family
(which is now extinct) ever since the latter end of the reign of Charles II. See.
OF ENGLAND. 101
to the Marquis of Ormond, at Caen, are in Carte s Collection of
Letters, from 1641 to 1660. Ob. 1 Sept. 1669, Mt. 77. He lies
buried at West Horsley, in Surrey. See the Interregnum.
SIR WILLIAM MORICE, secretary of state, &c.
Houbraken sc. 1747. In the collection of Sir William
Morice, bart. 2 I lust. Head.
SIR WILLIAM MORICE, knight. W. Richardson exc.
Sir William Morice, who was allied to General Monck, was, for Promoted
his own merit, and that of his illustrious kinsman, preferred to the
office of secretary of state. He was a man of learning and good
abilities, but was not completely qualified for his great employ
ment, as he knew but little of foreign languages, and less of foreign
affairs. It is currently reported, that the general told the king,
" that his cousin Morice was well qualified for the secretary s
office, as he understood the French, and could write shorthand."
This was very probably a calumny, as it is inconsistent with his
good sense. It is certain that the secretary spoke Latin fluently,
that he understood Greek, and that he acquitted himself during
the seven years that he continued in his office* without reproach.
He was succeeded by Sir John Trevor. Ob. 12 Dec. 1676. He was
author of a book entitled, " The Common Right -to the Lord s
Supper asserted," which was first printed in quarto, 1651, and
again in folio, 1660. One singularity is recorded of him, " That
he would never suffer any man to say grace in his own house be
sides himself; there, he said, he was both priest and king."
LEOLINUS JENKINS, eq. aur. LL. D. &c.
H. Tuer p. Neomagi, 1679. G. Vartder Gucht sc.
1723; h. sh.
LEOLINUS JENKINS, eq. aur. H. Quiter p. et exc.
h. sh. mezz.
more in " Notitia Parliameritaria," by Browne Willis, esq. where there is a curious
account of this ancient borough. The author has taken uncommon pains in his
history of the towns in Dorsetshire, as he was horn in that district.
* He resigned at Michaelmas, 1668.
102 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
V
SIR LEOLINE JENKINS ; in the " Oxford Alma
nack? 1740. : j j ; : ; -
Sir Leoline, or Lluellin Jenkins, who was born at Llantrissent, in
Glamorganshire, was the son of an honest, plain countryman, whom
Mr. John Aubrey says he knew. As his father s circumstances
were but narrow, and he was a distant relation to David Jenkins
the famous Welsh judge, that gentleman contributed something to
wards his education. About the time he took his bachelor s degree,
Sir John Aubrey sent for him home to his house at Llantrithied, in
Glamorganshire, to instruct his eldest son Lewis in grammar learn
ing : he also took several other young gentlemen under his care,
whom he taught in the church-house belonging to that place. He
went to Oxford together with his pupils, and afterward travelled
with Mr. Lewis Aubrey. Upon the resignation of Dr. Francis
Mansell, which was soon after the restoration, he was elected prin
cipal of Jesus College.* He afterward retired to London, and was
made a judge of the admiralty, and of the prerogative court. In
1669, he was sent ambassador to France; and, in 1673, was sent
to Cologn, in quality of plenipotentiary, together with the Earl of
Arlington and Sir Joseph Williamson. In 1675, he was appointed
a plenipotentiary at Nimeguen, together with Lord Berkeley and
Sir William Temple; and, in 1680, he succeeded Mr. Henry
April 26. Coventry in the office of secretary of state. He is said to have
preserved the leather breeches which he wore to Oxford, as a
memorial of his good fortune in the world. Ob. 1 Sept. 1685,
Mt. 62. Several particulars in the above account are taken from
a MS. of Mr. John Aubrey s in the Ashmolean Museum.
SIR CHARLES LYTTELTON. P. W. Tomkins sc.
In Grammont. From an original picture in the col
lection of Lord West cote.
Sir Charles Lyttleton early in life took to arms, and during the
civil wars, was at the siege of Colchester : after the surrender of the
town, he escaped into France, and returned in the year 1659, and
joined Sir George Booth against Shrewsbury ; but miscarrying, he
* He gave the advowson of the rectory of Rotherfield Peppard, in Oxfordshire,
to that college, " for the better support of the headship.
OF ENGLAND. 103
was taken prisoner, and confined in the Gatehouse, Westminster.
He soon obtained his liberty, and was employed by his majesty on
many secret and important services. Lord Clarendon in a letter
to the Duke of Ormond, says, " he is worth his weight in gold."
He was knighted in 1662, and had many employments; was
brigadier-general till the revolution, when he resigned. He died
at Hayley 1716, JEt. 87.
SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE, knight and ba
ronet, one of his majesty s most honourable privy
council, &c. Faithorne sc. h. sh. This print was en
graved as a frontispiece for the Sermon preached at his
Funeral by Henry Bags haw , M. A. student of Christ
Church , Ox on.
SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE. Lely p. E. Harding sc.
In Harding s " Biographical Mirrour" 1793.
There is a portrait of him, by Sir Peter Lely, in the possession of
Simon Fanshawe, esq.
Sir Richard Fanshawe, who was the tenth and youngest son of
Sir Henry Fanshawe, of Ware Park, in Hertfordshire, united, in an
extraordinary degree, the qualifications of the gentleman, the scholar,
and the statesman. He was taken early into the service of Charles I.
who, in 1635, appointed him resident to the court of Spain; and,
in the last year of his reign, made him treasurer of the navy, under
the command of Prince Rupert. He was secretary of state to
Charles II. during his residence in Scotland : and it was strongly
expected that he would have been preferred to the same office
after the restoration : but he was, contrary to his own and the
general expectation, appointed master of the Requests. He was
employed in several important embassies in this reign ; particularly
in negotiating the marriage betwixt the king and the infanta, and
putting the last hand to a peace betwixt the kingdoms of Spain
and Portugal, which had been for twenty-five years engaged in a
ruinous war.* He was an exact critic in the Latin tongue, spoke
* " Biog. Brit." p. 1887.
His " Original Letters during his Embassies in Spain and Portugal," 1702, 8vo.
deserve tlie reader s notice. Some memorable passages relating to him and Lord
Fanshawe, of Ware Park, are in Lloyd s " Memoirs," p. C84, &c.
104 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY V
the Spanish with ease and propriety, and perfectly understood the
Italian. The politeness of his manners, and the integrity of his
life, did not only procure him the love and esteem of his own coun
trymen, but gained him unusual favour and respect in Spain;
among a people notorious for their disregard to strangers, and too
apt to overlook all merit but their own. He died at Madrid, June
16, 1666. See more of him among the poets.
" Dominus GULIELMUS TEMPLE, eques et baro-
nettus, ser mi . pot mi . Mag. Britannise regis ad ord 8 . feed".
Belgii legatus extr 3 . et apud tractatus pacis tarn Aquis-
grani, quam Neomagi, legat 8 . medial 8 , ejusdem ser rai .
regis a secretioribus consiliis, 1670." P. Ldy p.
P. Vandrebanc sc. large h. sh.
Dominus GULIELMUS TEMPLE, &c. Ldy p. Ver-
tue sc. Before his Works ; fol.
Dominus GULIELMUS TEMPLE. Ldy p. R. White sc,
Svo.
Dominus GULIELMUS TEMPLE ; 12mo.
, His portrait is at Lord Palmerston s, at Sheene, in Surrey.
Sir William Temple was descended from a younger branch of a
family of that name, seated at Temple Hall, in Leicestershire. His
grandfather was secretary to the unfortunate Earl of Essex, fa
vourite of Queen Elizabeth, and his father was Sir John Temple,
master of the Rolls in Ireland. He was as much above the common
level of politicians, as he was above the herd of authors. He dis
played his great abilities in several important treaties and negotia
tions, the most considerable of which was the bringing to a happy
conclusion the famous triple league betwixt England, Sweden, and
Holland. This alliance, though the most prudent step ever taken
by Charles II. was soon defeated by the Cabal, a set of men who
were as great a disgrace to their country, as Sir William Temple
was an honour to it. He was strongly solicited to go over to
Holland, in order to break that league which he had a little before
concluded : but he was too much a patriot to yield to any solicita-
OF ENGLAND. 105
tions of that kind ; and chose to retire into the country, where
he was much better employed in writing his excellent tl Observa
tions on the United Provinces," and other elegant works. See
Class IX.
" SIR WILLIAM DAVIDSON, kn*. and baronet ;
one of the gentlemen of his majesty s most honourable
privy council; conservitor and resident of his majesty s
most ancient kingdom of Scotland in the seventeen
provinces ; his majesty s sole commissioner for Eng
land and Ireland in the city of Amsterdam ;" &c. JEt.
48, 1664. Chr. Hagens del. et sc. In his own hair.
This portrait is engraved in the style of, and as a companion
to, Francis Delaboe Sylvius, by C. V. Dalen, jun.
SIR DUDLEY NORTH, commissioner of the trea
sury to King Charles the Second. G. Vert tie sc.
Frontispiece to his " Life" by the Hon. Roger North,
1742 ;
Sir Dudley North, brother to the Lord-keeper Guild ford, was
third son of the second Dudley, lord North, baron of Kirtling.
He was bound apprentice to a Turkey merchant in London, who
sent him on a trading voyage to Russia, and several other countries;
at the conclusion of which he was appointed to reside as factor
in the Turkey trade at Smyrna. He afterward removed to Con
stantinople, where he had the chief management of the English
factory. He continued here many years, became a complete
master of the Turkish language, and had a perfect insight into
the manners, customs, and jurisprudence of the country. He
knew the forms of their courts of justice, in which he is said to have
tried 90 less than five hundred causes.* He committed many of
his observations to writing, during his residence in Turkey, which
are printed in Mr. Roger North s account of his Life. He, with
the assistance of a mathematician, made a plan of Constantinople;
but it was never completely finished. Upon his return to England,
* " Life," by Roger North, esq.
VOL. V. P
106 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
,/
he settled as a merchant in London. He was afterward made
director of the African company, a commissioner of the customs-,
and also of the treasury. After his retirement from business, he
amused himself with mechanics, for which he had a particular
genius. He was knighted Feb. 13th, 1682-3. Ob. 31 Dec. 1691.
JOHN HERVEY, esq. &c. Lely p. R. Tomson txc.
h. sh. mezz.
In the print are two pieces of antique sculpture, of which he
seems to have been an admirer.
John Hervey, eldest son of Sir William Hervey, of Ickworth, in
Suffolk, was highly esteemed by some of the most ingenious and
respectable persons of his time, for his agreeable and polite accom
plishments. He, in the fate reign, exerted himself in parliament
on the side of the prerogative, and bore arms for Charles I. for
which he was forced to compound for his estate. He was, in this
reign, treasurer and receiver- general to the queen, and one of the
leading members of the House of Commons. He is, or ought to be,
well known to the world, as the friend and patron of Cowley. The
following story is told of him by Bishop Burnet :* " He was one
whom the king loved personally; and yet, upon a great occasion,
he voted against that which the king desired. So the king chid
him severely for it. Next day, another important question falling
in, he voted as the king would have him. So the king took notice
of it at night, and said, you were not against me to-day. He an
swered, No, Sir, I was against my conscience to-day. This was
so gravely delivered that the king seemed pleased with it; and it
was much talked of." He died without issue, Jan. 18, 1679, and
was succeeded in his estate by his brother Thomas, who was father
of the first earl of Bristol.
SIR RALPH CLARE; an etching; in NasVs
" Worcestershire;" from an original picture in the
possession of the late Francis Clare, esq. of CaldwalL
Sir Ralph Clare, eldest son to Sir Francis Clare, of Worcester
shire, servant to Prince Henry, knight of the Bath at the coronation
* " Hist, of his own Time," i. p. 383.
OF ENGLAND. 107
of Charles I. whom he attended through all his various fortunes;
servant to Charles II. both in his banishment and at his return.
Died 1670, Mt. 84. See Nash s " Worcestershire," vol. ii.
SIR WILLIAM PORTMAN, who married Sir
John Cutlers daughter ; In an oval.
SIR WILLIAM PORTMAN; mezz. W. Richardson ex c.
SIR WILLIAM PORTMAN. Harding sc.
o
Sir William Portman, who was the last of the family of that
name, seated at Orchard Portman, in Somersetshire, was de
scended from Sir John Portman, lord chief-justice of the Queen s
Bench, in the reign of Mary.* He was member of parliament for
Taunton, and possessed an ample fortune ; a great part of which
formerly belonged to the Orchards, of Orchard, and devolved by
heirship to the Portmans. This gentleman purchased Brianstone,
near Blandford, now one of the finest seats in Dorsetshire, of the
family of Rogers, which he left, together with the rest of his estate,
to his nephew, Henry Seymour, esq. fifth son of Sir Edward Sey^-
mour, of Bury Pomeroy, who took the name of Portman.
ANDREW MARVELL, &c. drawn and etched by
J. B. Cipriani, a Florentine, from a portrait painted in
the year 1660, lately in the possession of Thomas Hollis,
of Lincoln s Inn, F. R. and A. S. S. h. sh.
ANDREW MARVELL. J. Basire ; prefixed to his
"Works ,"1776;
ANDREW MARVELL. Thane.
Mr. Nettleton, governor of the Russia company, has an original
portrait of Marvell.
Andrew Marvell, a merry, yet an indignant satirist, an able
statesman, and an uncorrupt patriot, was chosen member of parlia-
* Lloyd, in his life of this eminent lawyer, says, that lie could not find the original
*f feis family, it was so ancient. See his " Worthies."
108 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
raent for Kingston-upon-Hull, before and after the restoration.
The people of that place, who honoured his abilities, but pitied his
poverty, raised a contribution for his support. This was, probably,
the last borough in England that paid a representative. As even
trivial anecdotes of so ingenious and so honest a man are worth
preserving, I shall subjoin the following, taken from a manuscript
of Mr. John Aubrey, who personally knew him : " He was of a
middling stature, pretty strong set, roundish-faced, cherry-cheeked,
hazel-eyed, brown-haired. He was, in his conversation, very modest,
and of very few words. He was wont to say, he would not drink
high or freely with any one, with whom he would not trust his life."
See more of him, Class IX.
SIR JOHN PERCEVAL, bart. (7th of that name)
register of the Court of Claims ; one of the council of
trade ; one of the most honourable privy council to
King Charles II. and knight of the shire for the
county of Cork, in Ireland; bom 1629, Ob. 1665.
Faber f. 1743; 8vo. mezz. Engraved for the "His
tory of the House of Yvery"
Sir John Perceval, bart. son and heir of Sir Philip, found himself
in embarrassed circumstances upon the decease of his father; but,
by prudent management, by paying court to Lenthall, and especially
Oliver and Henry Cromwell, he soon became possessed of an easy
and affluent fortune. He was the only person whom the latter
knighted during his lieutenancy in Ireland. No man, perhaps, was
more worthy of this distinction, as he was perfectly versed in the
affairs of that country, and a most useful instrument in the settle
ment of it, after the ravages and confusion of the civil war. It was
by his advice, that the resolution was taken of transplanting the
Papists into the province of Connaught, " when worse measures
were projected. ; * But, it must be owned, that this expedient,
however salutary or necessary it might then appear, seems to us,
who view it at a distance, extremely rigorous and oppressive. He
was, soon after the restoration, sworn of the privy council, and
created a baronet ; and, in 1 662, appointed register of the Court of
* Lodge s " Peerage," ii. 160.
OF ENGLAND. 109
Claims, and the Court of Wards, -which was erected in Ireland in
favour of his family, but shortly after abolished by parliament. He
married Catharine, daughter of Robert Southwell, of Kingsale, esq.
a lady of singular merit. See more of him in the " History of the
House of Yvery," and in Lodge s " Peerage of Ireland."
SIR RICHARD WILLIS. Cooper sc. 4to. From
a drawing In the King s " Clarendon
Sir Richard Willis, a gentleman of good parts and courage, and
a very good officer, had long served in the royal army under
Charles I. and was by him made governor of Newark. On the
ruin of the king s affairs, he reconciled himself to Cromwell, by
disclosing the secrets of Charles the Second ; by whom he was
intrusted with all the measures taken to effect his restoration ; yet
in so wily a way did he give his information, that though he di
vulged and frustrated the schemes, he never failed to screen the
parties. It was Sir Richard Willis that discovered to Cromwell,
that the Marquis of Ormond was in London ; but he could not be
induced to disclose where his lodging was ; only undertaking that
his journey should be ineffectual, and that he should speedily re
turn to the continent, and then they might take him if they could ;
but to effect which he would not, contribute. He received a large
pension from the Protector, and continually gave Thurlow intelli
gence of all he knew, or was intrusted with ; but it was with so
great circumspection, that he was never seen in his presence. In
his contract, he had promised to make such discoveries, as should
prevent any injury to the state; but that he would never endanger
any man s life, nor be produced to give evidence against any.
After the death of Cromwell, the whole of his treachery was
made known to Charles the Second, by Mr. Morland, a clerk in
Thurlow s office ; but it was only by the production of his letters
the king could be induced to credit the information, and dismiss
Willis from his confidence.
SIR EDWARD WALKER; writing on a drum,
with K. Charles I.
In the first impression a castle is lo the left, the royal
110 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
standard on the right ; a large tent in the middle nexl
Sir E. Walker.
SIR EDWARD WALKER: $vo.
J r
SIR EDWARD WALKER; writing on a drum, with
K. Charles I. small h. sh. B. Reading sc.
Sir Edward Walker was originally in the service of Thomas,
arl of Arundel, and was by him appointed secretary at war in the
expedition into Scotland in 1639, and by King Charles I. made
clerk extraordinary of the privy council. He adhered to the king
in all his misfortunes, for which fidelity his majesty honoured him
with knighthood in the city of Oxford, 1648 ; and the university
conferred upon him the degree of master of arts. After the death
of his royal master, he attended King Charles II. on the continent,
and was by him made garter principal king of arms. His abilities,
and the office he filled, made him so great an object of jealousy,
that he had spies placed over his conduct, and was considered by
the Commonwealth " a pernicious man." He died suddenly at
Whitehall, 1676-7, and was buried in the chapel of the Blessed
Virgin in the church of Stratford-upon-Avon, being deservedly
lamented as a man of tried integrity and considerable abilities. He
published " Itor Carolinum," being a succinct account of the
inarches, retreats, and sufferings of his majesty King Charles I.
from January 10, 1641, to the time of his death, 1648. His
" Military Discourses" was printed 1705, folio, to which his por
trait is prefixed.
SIR THOMAS HERBERT, bart. born in York,
1605; died there, 1681. From a picture in the pos
session of F. Smyth, of Newbuilding, esq. Halfpenny
fecit ; an etching.
SIR THOMAS HERBERT; prefixed to "Memoirs of
the Two last Years of the Reign of King Charles I"
Sir Thomas Herbert, who was related to William, earl of Pem
broke, was sent by that nobleman, in 1626, to travel into Africa,
OF ENGLAND. Ill-
Asia, &c. His noble patron dying suddenly soon after bis return,
he again went abroad; during which time the civil wars commenced,
and Mr. Herbert, on his return from his second travels, adhered to
the side of the parliament; and was, through the interest of Philip,
earl of Pembroke, appointed one of the commissioners of parlia
ment, and sent by them to the king at Newcastle. On the dis
missal of his majesty s servants, Mr. Herbert was chosen by the
king as groom of the bed-chamber, and was employed by his royal
master on several confidential services, which he performed to the
entire satisfaction of the king, whom he constantly attended till
his execution in 1648. He was for his faithful services by Charles
II. advanced to the honour of knighthood July 3, 1660, and died
1681.
He published his Travels into Africa, Asia, c. and also left in
manuscript, " Memoirs of the Two last Years of the Reign of King
Charles I.;" anew edition of which was published by Messrs. Nico),
Pall-mall, 1813; to which is prefixed his portrait.
SIR EDMUND TURNOR, of Stoke - Rochford,
county of Lincoln, knt. Fit tier sc. 4to.
Sir Edmund Turner was the youngest brother of Sir Christopher
Tumor, baron of the Exchequer in 1660, and was born at Milton-
Ernis, in Bedfordshire, May 14, 1619. In politics he was at
tached to the crown, and very active in its service. When Bristol
was taken by Prince Rupert, he was appointed treasurer and pay
master to the garrison there, and was taken prisoner at the battle
of Worcester, 1651, being then a captain of horse. As a reward
for his services, he was to have been a knight of the Royal Oak ;
but that order not being established, he was knighted in 1663,
about which time he was a commissioner of the Alienation Office,
survey or- general of the Out Ports, and one of the chief farmers of
the customs.
In 1654 he married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Harrison, of
Bulls, in Herts, knight, by whom he became possessed of the manor
of Stoke- Rochford, in Lincolnshire, where he resided, and served
the office of sheriff of the county in 1681. He died April 4, 1707,
in the 88th year of his age ; and was buried in the chancel of
Stoke, near to a monument which he had erected for his wife, and
in part for himself, during his lifetime.
112 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
His charity and public spirit were exemplary, and several acts of
bis munificence remain the lasting monuments of his fame. Dona
Dei Deo was his favourite motto, and as he maintained that prin
ciple in his mind, he supported it in his practice. In respect to the
place of his birth, he endowed the vicarage of Milton-Ernis with
the impropriate tithes, then let at [001. a year; and rebuilt the
vicarage-house and offices. He erected an hospital for six poor
persons, and endowed it with lands to the value of 201. a year.
At Stoke-Rochford he founded another hospital, for the like num
ber of poor persons ; and at Wragby, in Lincolnshire, where he
had purchased a considerable estate, he built an hospital, and a
chapel, settling on the same a clear annual rent of 1001. Besides
these evidences of his munificence, he enlarged the revenues of
the four royal hospitals in London, by giving amongst them a sum
in exchequer bills, the interest of which amounted to 200/. a year.
On the new work-house in Bishopsgate-street he settled 377. 15s. 6d,
a year.
Dame Margaret Turner, his wife, died July 30, 1679, leaving
issue one son, John Turner, esq. who married Diana, only child of the
Honourable Algernon Cecil, son of William, earl of Salisbury ;
and one daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir Justinian I sham, of
Lamport, bart.
WILLIAM LENTHAL ; an etching ; small oval.
E. B. Gulston.
WILLIAM LENTHAL ; quarto. Paul.
WILLIAM LENTHAL ; ditto. (Roberts.) W. Rich
ardson exc.
WILLIAM LENTHAL; in Simons " Medals" p. 21.
WILLIAM LENTHAL ; small oval. S. Cooper p.
Thornthwait sc.
WILLIAM LENTHAL; in the " Oxford Almanack"
1748.
OF ENGLAND. 113
William Lenthal, born at Henley-upon-Thames, in the county of
Oxford, 1591, became a commoner of Alban Hall, and soon after
went to study the law in Lincoln s Inn, and was a counsellor of note.
In 1639 he was elected burgess for the corporation of Woodstock,
in Oxfordshire, to serve in the Long Parliament, and was chosen
their speaker. When Charles I. was in the House of Commons, in
order to have the five members secured, he asked the speaker, who
had left the chair and stood below, whether any of these persons
were in the house? The speaker, falling on his knees, prudently
replied, I have, sir, neither eyes to see, nor tongue to speak, in
this place, but as the House is pleased to direct, whose servant I am ;
and I humbly ask pardon that I cannot give any other answer to
what your majesty is pleased to demand of me. He was for a
time master of the Rolls, and had other places of great trust and
emolument. Ant. Wood says, Oliver Cromwell once made a sponge
of, and squeezed from him 15,OOOZ. : he certainly turned him (and
his tribe the Long Parliament) out of doors in 1653. Lenthal was
afterward invited by the army to sit in the Rump Parliament, and
chosen their speaker, and appointed keeper of the great seal for
the Commonwealth of England. On the restoration, he retired
with vast wealth to his estate at Burford, where he died in 1662.
With some difficulty, it is said, he obtained leave to kiss the king s
hand after his return from exile ; and he is reported to have fallen
backwards as he was kneeling, from the consciousness he felt at
the share he had in the late troubles.
CLASS VI.
MEN OF THE ROBE.
EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Lelyp. R.White
sc. h. sh.
EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Ldy p. M. Bur
ghers sc. h. sh.
There is another, by Burghers, in Svo.
VOL. V. Q
114 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY , *
EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Lely p. G. W.
(George White) sc. large Svo.
EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Zoust p. John
son f. h. sh. mezz.
CLARENDON, chancelier d Angleterre. Zoust p.
Picart sc. dlrex. 1724 ; 4*0. / - ;
" EDVARDUS HYDE, eques auratus, Clarendonise
comes, Comburise vicecomes, baro Hyde de Hindon;
summus Anglise, nee non almae Oxoniensis academise
cancellarius, ac sacrse maj 11 . regiae a secretioribus con-
siliis." D. Loggan ad vivum delin. et sc. In the
second edition of Sir William Dugdale s " Origines
Juridiciales" 1671 ; fol.
EDWARD HYDE, earl of Clarendon. Eocquet sc,
In " Noble Authors" by Park; 1806.
EDWARD HYDE, &c. E. Harding sc.
EDWARD HYDE, &c. Gardiner.
EDWARD HYDE, &c. mezz. R. Dunkarton, 1812;
4/0. ,.;, ,, ., . ^
EDWARD HYDE, &c. Lely p. E. Harding sc. fol.
EDWARD HYDE, &c. Lely p. V. Gucht sc. From
the " History of the Rebellion; folio, 1719; published
in Dublin.
EDWARD HYDE, &c. in the " Oxford Almanack"
1749.
EDWARD HYDE, &c. Bouttats.
OF ENGLAND. 115
There is a portrait of him in the long gallery at Gorhambury : it
is dated 1660. There is another belonging to his family, painted
by Zoust. But the best picture, and the truest likeness of him, is
that which was painted by Sir Peter Lely. It is now at Amesbury,
The virtue of the Earl of Clarendon was of too stubborn a nature Promoted
for the age of Charles II. Could he have been content to enslave 1657 8<
millions, he might have been more a monarch than that unprincely
king. But he did not only look upon himself as the guardian of
the laws and liberties of his country, but had also a pride in his
nature that was above vice ; and chose rather to be a victim him
self, than to sacrifice his integrity. He had only one part to act,
which was that of an honest man. His enemies allowed themselves
a much greater latitude : they loaded him with calumnies, blamed
him even for their own errors and misconduct, and helped to ruin
him by such buffooneries as he despised. He was a much greater,
perhaps a happier man, alone and in exile, than Charles II. upon
his throne. See the ninth Class.
ORLANDUS BRIDGMAN,* miles et baronettus,
custos magni sigilli Anglise. W. Faithorne ad vivum sc.
In Dugdales " Origines Juridiciales" second edition,
1671.
ORLANDUS BRIDGMAN, &c. R. White sc. Before
his " Conveyances ;" fol.
ORLANDUS BRIDGMAN, &c. G. Vander Gucht sc.
h. sh.
Sir Orlando Bridgman, son of John Bridgman, bishop of Chester, Promoted
was a man of good natural parts, which he very carefully improved Aug. 30,
by study and application. He was, soon after the restoration,
made lord chief-baron of the Exchequer;! whence he was, in a few
months, removed to the Common Pleas. While he presided in this
court, his reputation was at the height : then " his moderation and
equity were such, that he seemed to carry a chancery in his breast."!
* The name is often erroneously written Bridgernan.
t He was lord chief-baron when lie tried the regicides.
\ Prince s " Worthies of Devon.
116 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY .
Upon his receiving the great seal, his reputation began to decline :
he was timid and irresolute, and this timidity was still increasing
with his years. His judgment was not equal to all the difficulties
of his office. In nice points, he was too much inclined to decide
in favour of both parties ; and to divide what each claimant looked
upon as an absolute property. His lady, a woman of cunning and
intrigue, was too apt to interfere in chancery suits; and his sons,
who practised under him, did not bear the fairest characters.* He
was desirous of a union with Scotland, and a comprehension with
the dissenters ; but was against tolerating popery. He is said to
Nov. 17, have been removed from his office for refusing to affix the seal to
"1 f\7 G)
the king s declaration for liberty of conscience.
ANTH. ASHLEY COOPER, earl of Shaftesbury,
Ldy p. Houbraken sc. In the collection of the Earl of
Shaftesbury. Illust. Head.
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury. Cooper p. Baron sc.
1744 ; large 4to.
ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, &c. lord high-chan
cellor 1673; sitting. Blooteling sc. sh. scarce.
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury, &c. R. White sc.
large h. sh.
Another smaller, by the same hand.
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury. W. Binneman sc.
h. sh.
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury. J. Greenhill p.
E. Lutterelf. 4to. mezz.
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury; before his "Life"
1683; I2mo.
* North s " Life of the Lord-keeper Guitdford," p. 88, 89.
OF ENGLAND. 117
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury ; natus est Jul. 1621 ;
mortuusestZl (22) Jan. 1682-3; Svo.
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury ; mezz. R. Dun-
barton; 4to.
* . ^
ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury. Birrell sc. In
" Noble Authors" by Park; 1806.
The great talents of the Earl of Shaftesbury, and his exact know- Promoted
ledge of men and things, contributed to render him one of the first
characters of his age. But the violence of his passions, and the
flexibility of his principles, prompted him to act very different, and
even contrary parts. This was in some measure owing to the
changes in the times in which he lived ; but is more to be attributed
to the mutability of his character, which ever varied with the in
terest of his ambition. When we consider him as sitting in the
highest tribunal in the kingdom, explaining and correcting the
laws, detecting fraud, and exerting all the powers of his eloquence
on the side of justice ; we admire the able lawyer, the commanding
orator, and the upright judge. But when he enters into all the
iniquitous measures of the Cabal, when he prostitutes his eloquence
to enslave his country, and becomes the factious leader and the
popular incendiary; we regard him with an equal mixture of horror
and regret.*
HENEAGE FINCH, baron of Daventry, lord high-
chancellor, 1676; whole length.
HENEAGE FINCH, earl of Nottingham, &c. lord
high-chancellor, &c. 1681. Kneller p. R. White sc.
large h. sh.
HENEAGE FINCH, earl of Nottingham ; in "Noble
Authors; by Park; 1806.
There is a portrait of him at Gorhambury.
* His friend Mr. Locke, who differs from other writers in his character of him,
tell us, " that the good of his country was what he steered his councils and actions
by, through the whole course of his life."
118 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Promoted Heneage Finch, who was made solicitor-general soon after the
1673. 9 restor ation, rose by regular gradations to the high office of chan
cellor, for which he was eminently qualified. He presided in the
Chancery when the whole kingdom was divided into factions; but
had such a command of his passions, and was so nice in his con
duct, that he always appeared to be of no faction himself. He was
master of the powers of elocution in a very high degree ; a talent
extremely dangerous in the possession of a dishonest man. This
he took every occasion of exerting : but it was only to enforce and
adorn, never to weaken or disguise the truth.* Several of his
speeches are in print. Ob. 18 Dec. 1682.
FRANCIS, lord Guilford, lord-keeper, &c. Loggan
del. et sc. large h. sh.
FRANCIS, lord Guilford, &c. Loggan del. Vertue sc.
4to. Before his "Life," by the Hon. Roger North. \
FRANCIS, lord Guilford ; 8vo.
FRANCIS, lord Guilford, &c. Bocquet sc. In " No
ble Authors" by Park; 1806. - ? . - - - V ;
* It would be injurious to the memory of this consummate lawyer to omit the fol
lowing character, or to give it in any other words than those of the ingenious
author.
" Sir Heneage Finch, wlio succeeded (to the great seal) in 1673, and became
afterward earl of Nottingham, was a person of the greatest abilities and most un-
corrupted integrity ; a thorough master and zealous defender of the laws and con
stitution of his country; and endued with a pervading genius that enabled him to
discover and to pursue the true spirit of justice, notwithstanding the embarrass
ments raised by the narrow and technical notions which then prevailed in the
courts of law, and the imperfect ideas of redress which had possessed the courts of
equity. The reason and necessities of mankind, arising from the great change in
property, by the extension of trade and the abolition of military tenures, co-operated
in establishing his plan, and enabled him, in the course of nine years, to build a
system of jurisprudence and jurisdiction upon wide and rational foundations, which
have also been extended and improved by many great men, who have since pre
sided in Chancery ; and from that time to this, the power and business of the court
have increased to au amazing decree." Blackstone s " Commentaries," book 111.
chap. iv.
OF ENGLAND. 119
FRANCIS, lord Guilford, &c. E. Harding.
There is a portrait of him atWroxton, by Riley, which Mr. Wai-
pole says is capital throughout.
There is another portrait in the master s lodge, at St. John s
College, in Cambridge, \vhich has been miscalled Lord Ashley.
The Honourable Roger North, biographer to the family, has given Promoted
us a minute account of the Lord-keeper Guilford, who appears to
have been a man of parts and various learning ; but did not shine
with superior lustre in the court of Chancery. He enjoyed his high
office at a time when it required a strong head and a steady hand
to hold the balance of justice even. He was thought to be too
much inclined to favour the court ; though the author of his life
tells us, that he was sick of the times, and that this sickness
hastened his death; which happened at Wroxton, Sept. 5, 1685.
He was succeeded by the notorious Jefferies, who was a sufficient
contrast to his character. He studied history, the belles lettres,
mathematics, and the new philosophy. He understood music, on
which he has written a " Philosophical Essay." He performed well
on the bass viol, and employed a musician to play him to sleep.
Another singularity was told of him, " that he rode upon a rhino
ceros, which was carried about for a show :" but his biographer as
sures us, that it was only an invidious calumny. This gentleman
represents him as very eminent in his profession ; and possibly,
with a view of raising him the higher, has endeavoured to degrade
the character of the next person, but has not succeeded in his
attempt.
SIR MATTHEW HALE, lord chief-justice of the
King s Bench. M. Wright p. G. Vertue sc. 1735 ;
h. sh.
MATTH^EUS HALE, miles, &e. R. White sc. A roll
in his right hand ; large h. sh. A copy by Van Hove.
SIR MATTHEW HALE ; large h. sh. mezz. copied
from White.
MATTH^EUS HALE, miles, &c. Van Hove sc. Sitting
in an elbow-chair ; h. sh.
120 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MATTH^EUS HALE, &c. Van Hove sc. Sitting; Svo.
MATTH^EUS HALE, &c. Clarke sc. Sitting; Svo.
Lord Chief-justice HALE ; small 4to. printed with
the " Sum of Religion" in a large half sheet.
SIR MATTHEW HALE. T. Trotter sc. In Black-
stone s " Commentaries" by Christian; 1793.
SIR MATTHEW HALE ; oval; stipled.
SIR MATTHEW HALE; mezz. T.Jordan ex. At the
Golden Lion, Fleet-street.
SIR MATTHEW HALE; mezz. large 4to. No name
of engraver.
f %
SIR MATTHEW HALE. Mackensie sc. 1805; Svo.
oval.
There is a portrait of him in Guildhall, by Michael Wright, who
painted portraits of many of the judges.
Promoted This excellent person, whose learning in the law was scarce
len 18> e( l ua ^ e ^j an d never exceeded ; was, in many respects, one of the
most perfect characters of his age. Nor was his knowledge limited
to his own profession : he was far from inconsiderable as a philoso
pher and a divine. He was as good and amiable in his private, as he
was great and venerable in his public, capacity. His decisions upon
the bench were frequently a learned lecture upon the point of law ;
and such was his reputation for integrity, that the interested parties
were generally satisfied with them, though they happened to be
against themselves. No man more abhorred the chicane of law
yers, or more discountenanced the evil arts of pleading. He was so
very conscientious, that the jealousy of being misled by his affec
tions made him perhaps rather partial to that side to which he was
least inclined. Though he was a man of true humility,* he was not
* See Baxter s " Life," fol. part iii. p. 176.
OF ENGLAND. 121
insensible of that honest praise which was bestowed on him by the
general voice of mankind, and which must have been attended with
that self-applause which is the natural result of good and worthy
actions. The pride, which deserves to be called by a softer name,
was a very different thing from vanity. He is therefore very un
justly represented as a vain person by Mr. Roger North, who, by
endeavouring to degrade an established character, has only degraded
his own. Ob. 25 Dec. 1676.*
SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, lord chief-justice
of the King s Bench, &c. W. Claret p. R. Tompson cxc.
large h. sh. mezz.
<b
Sir Richard Rainsford, who was but a secondary character in his Promoted
profession, had the disadvantage of succeeding a man who was con- 1676<
fessedly at the head of it. His merit, eclipsed by the superior lustre
of his predecessor, appeared to be much less than it was in reality.
He was as much above Sir William Scroggs, his successor, in point Resigned
of integrity,! as he was below Sir Matthew Hale in point of Ma ^ 1678t
learning.
SIR FRANCIS PEMBERTON, lord chief-justice
of England, 1681. His head is in the print of the
Bishops Counsel. See the next reign.
Sir Francis Pemberton is well known to have been a better prac- Promoted
titioner than a judge, to have been extremely opinionated of his abi-
lities, and to have rather made than declared law. The Lord-keeper
* At the end of his "Life," subjoined to his "Contemplations," &c. 8yo. bis
printed works only are enumerated ; but Bishop Burnet, author of that " Life," hath
specified all his manuscripts, and told us where they are to be found. See the sepa
rate edition of the " Life," 1682.
t " I have read somewhere,"]: says Dr. Swift, " of an eastern king, who put a
judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a
cushion, and placed upon the tribunal, for the son to sit on, who was preferred to
his father s office. I fancy such a memorial might not have been unuseful to a son
of Sir William Scroggs j and that both he and his successors would often wriggle in
their seats, as long as the cushion lasted." Drapier s " Letters," No. V.
$ Probably in Latimer s " Sermons,
VOL. V. R
122 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Guilford said, that " in making law, he had outdone king, lords,
and commons."* The Lord Chief-justice Saunders, who succeeded
Sir Francis Pemberton, was too extraordinary a person to be passed
over in silence. He was originally a strolling beggar about the
streets, without known parents or relations. He came often to beg
scraps at Clement s Inn, where he was taken notice of for his un
common sprightliness ; and as he expressed a strong inclination to
learn to write, one of the attorney s clerks taught him, and soon
qualified him for a hackney writer. He took all opportunities of
improving himself by reading such books as he borrowed of his
friends ; and, in the course of a few years, became an able attorney
and a very eminent counsel. His practice in the court of King s
Bench was exceeded by none : his art and cunning were equal to
his knowledge ; and he carried many a cause by laying snares. If
he was detected, he was never out of countenance, but evaded the
matter with a jest, which he had always at hand. He was much
employed by the king, against the city of London, in the business of
the quo warranto. His person was as heavy and ungain, as his wit
was alert and sprightly. He is said to have been " a mere lump of
morbid flesh :" the smell of him was so offensive, that people usually
held their noses when he came into the court. One of his jests on
this occasion was, that " none could say he wanted issue, for he had
no less than nine in his back." See more of him in North s " Life
of the Lord-keeper Guilford," p. 224, 225.f
SIR GEORGE JEFFERIES. R. Grave sc. Svo.
Sir George Jefferies succeeded Sir Edmund Saunders as lord
chief-justice of the King s Bench, September 29, 16834
* " Life of the Lord-keeper Guilford," p. 222.
t One of the daughters of Sir Francis Pemberton married Dr. William Stanley,
dean of St. Asapb, some time master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and author
of an anonymous tract of particular merit, entitled " The Faith and Practice of a
Church of England Man." The editors of the " Bodleian Catalogue" have attributed
" The Romish Horse-leech" to the same author ; but of this Mr. Masters speaks
very doubtfully.^ It has also, with extreme probability, been attributed to Thomas
Staveley,|| esq. author of " The History of the Churches in England," which was
become very scarce, and has lately been reprinted by T. Davies, with advantage.
$ " Lives of the Chancellors," p. 182.
P. 176. I) For whom Stanley was most probably mistaken.
OF ENGLAND. 123
L Estrange and the pope, together with Jefferies and the devil,
were burnt in effigy by the populace in this reign. See the next.
JOHANNES VAUGHAN, miles, capitalis justicia-
rius de Communi Banco, Anno 1674. R. White sc.
Before his " Reports."
Sir John Vaughan, a man of excellent parts, was not only well Promoted
versed in all the knowledge requisite to make a figure in his pro
fession, but was also a very considerable master of the politer kinds
of learning. He maintained a strict intimacy with the famous
Mr. Selden, who was one of the few that had a thorough esteem for
him. His behaviour among the generality of his acquaintances was
haughty, supercilious, and overbearing : hence he was much more ad
mired than beloved. He was, in his heart, an enemy to monarchy ;
but was never engaged in open hostility against Charles I. The Earl
of Clarendon, who had contracted some friendship with him in the
early part of his life, renewed his acquaintance after the restoration,
and made him overtures of preferment : but these he waved, on a
pretence of having long laid aside his gown, and his being too far
advanced in life. He afterward struck in with the enemies of his
friend the chancellor, and was made lord chief-justice of the Com
mon Pleas ; an office which, though not above his abilities, was per
haps superior to his merit. He died in 1674, and was buried in the
Temple-church, as near as possible to the remains of Mr. Selden.
His " Reports" were published by his son Edward.
SIR THOMAS TWISDEN, one of the judges of
the King s Bench. Ob. 1682 ; h. sh. mezz.
Sir Thomas Twisden was sent to the Tower by Cromwell, for
pleading in defence of the rights of the city of London, for which he
was retained as counsel. He was made a judge of the King s
Bench soon after the restoration, and continued in that office about
twenty years ; after which he had his quietus. He was created a
baronet in 1666.
SIR THOMAS JONES, one of the judges of the
King s Bench. Claret p. Tompson exc. h.sh. mezz.
124 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sir Thomas Jones was a lawyer of some eminence, but his name
very rarely occurs in the histories of this reign.* We oftener meet
with that of Sir William Jones, who was a warm advocate for the
Exclusion Bill.f Sir Thomas Jones was member of parliament for
Shrewsbury. On the 29th of September, 1683, he was made lord
chief-justice of the Common Pleas, He was author of " Reports
of Special Cases in the Courts of King s Bench and Common Pleas,
from the 22d to the 36th Year of the Reign of King Charles II.
1729;" foL j "
GALFRIDUS PALMER, miles et baronettus, attor-
natus generalis Car. II. regi. P. Ldy p. R. White sc.
Mr. Cambridge has the original picture.
Geoffry Palmer, a lawyer of distinction in the reigns of Charles
the First and Second, was son of Thomas Palmer, esq. of Carleton,
.in Northamptonshire, by Catharine Watson, sister to the first Lord
Rockingham. He was representative for the borough of Stamford,
in Lincolnshire, in the Long Parliament, in which he was a chief ma
nager of the evidence against the Earl of StrafFord. He afterward,
from principle, adhered to the royal party, with which he was a fel
low-sufferer, having been imprisoned in the Tower by Cromwell,
who dreaded his abilities, under a pretence of his plotting with the
cavaliers. Upon the restoration of Charles II. he was made attor
ney-general and chief-justice of Chester. It should be remembered
to his honour, that he was, in the early part of his life, one of the
select friends of Mr. Edward Hyde, afterward earl of Clarendon.
He died May 5, 1670, aged seventy- two years.
Sir JOHN HOSKINS was an excellent master in Chancery, and
a man of an irreproachable character. He was more inclined to the
* The curious reader may see a passage to his credit in Sir J. Reresby s " Me
moirs," 8vo. p. 233. Sir John Dairy mple,* where he speaks of King James s vain
attempt to assert the dispensing power, mentions the following passage. It is
reported, that the king said to Jones, " He should have twelve judges of his own
opinion;" and that Jones answered, " Twelve judges you may possibly find, sir;
but hardly twelve lawyers."
t See Burnet, vol. i.
J " Memoirs," i. p. 153.
OF ENGLAND. 125
study of the new philosophy, than to follow the law ; and is best
known to the world as a virtuoso. See the next reign.
" JOHANNES KING, eques auratus, serenissimo
Carolo 2 do regi legibus Anglise consultus : illustrissimo
Jacobo duel Eboracensi advocatus generalis ; ac etiam
ex honorabili Interioris Templi comrmmitate socius.
Ob. 29 Junii, A Dom. 1677, M. 38. Corpus in sede
Templorum sepultum jacet,* quarto die Julii anno
preedicto, ubi mausoleum erigitur," &c. W. Sherwin sc.
large h. sh.
Sir John King 1 , a finished scholar, an accomplished gentleman, a
modest man, and a pious Christian, was educated at Queen s Col
lege, in Cambridge, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. He
promised to make a more considerable figure in the law than any
man of his age and standing, and was greatly countenanced by
Charles II. who intended him for a rival to Sir William Jones the
attorney-general, as he strenuously opposed all the measures of the
court. It is probable that he would soon have supplanted him, if
he had not been prevented by death. Such was his reputation, and
so extensive his practice, that in the latter part of his life, his fees
amounted to forty and fifty pounds a day.f
The Honourable ROGER NORTH, esq. M. circ.
30. P. Lely p. 1680. G.Vertue sc. 1740. Before his
u Ex amen" 8$c. 1740 ; large 4to.
Roger North, esq. son of Sir Dudley North, and a near relation
of the Lord-keeper Guilford, with whom he chiefly spent the active
part of his life. He applied himself to the law, and was, in this reign,
a counsellor of note, and in the next attorney-general. He has taken
great pains, in his " Examen into the Credit and Veracity of a pre
tended Complete History/ ^ to vilify that work; and has, in several
instances, contradicted facts founded upon authentic records, and
* Sic. Orig. t Echard, p. 936, 937.
J Dr. White Kennel s " Complete History of England."
126 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY *
decried or extolled the characters of persons, whose merit or de
merit is as well established as these facts. He was also author of
the Lives of Francis, lord Guildford, lord-keeper; of Sir Dudley
North ; and of Dr. John North, master of Trinity College, in Cam
bridge. These are generally bound together in a large quarto. He
is so very uncandid in his character of Judge Hale as to bring his
veracity in question in the characters of others, where he had, per
haps, a much stronger temptation to deviate from the truth.
SIR CHRISTOPHER TURNOR. Wright pinx.
8. Harding sc. In Harding s " Biographical Mirrour ;
from the original in Guildhall.
Sir Christopher Tumor, knight (descended from the Tumors of
Haverhill, in Suffolk), was born at Milton-Ernys, in Bedfordshire,
1607. After his school education was completed, he was admitted
at Emmanuel College, Cambridge ; from thence removed to the
Middle Temple, and was called to the bar 1633, with the celebrated
Earl of Clarendon. During the time of anarchy and confusion, he
is said to have laid aside the gown and have taken up the sword in
support of the crown. He became a bencher of the Middle Temple
1654, and was of considerable eminence in his profession. At the
restoration he was made serjeant-at-law, and constituted a baron
of the Exchequer, and had the honour of knighthood conferred upon
him, 1660. He sat upon the trials of the regicides, and was ex
tremely cautious in the execution of his office, in matters of life and
death. After the fire of London, he and his contemporaries made
an offer of their services to settle the differences which might arise
between landlord and tenant, in rebuilding the city. In gratitude
for such signal services, the portraits of Sir Christopher and the
other judges were painted, and placed in Guildhall. Ob. 1675,
Mt. 68.
JOHN COOK ; a small head in the frontispiece to
the "Lives, Speeches, and private Passages, of Persons
lately executed ;" London, 1661; Svo.
JOHN COOK ; in an oval; Svo.
OF ENGLAND. 127
JOHN COOK, solicitor-general. R. S. Kirby exc.
Svo.
Mr. John Cook was a barrister of Gray s Inn, where he resided,
and was in considerable practice, when appointed to the office of
solicitor-general by that power that dared to bring- Charles the First
to a public trial. Some writers insinuate it was more through po
verty than principle he engaged in the undertaking ; but whoever
will look to the manner in which he conducted the charge, may per
ceive he was no way behind the President Bradshaw in acrimony
against the unfortunate monarch. The Rump Parliament, on the
10th of January, 1648, after they had made an act for constituting a
high court of justice, directed an order to Mr. Cook, together with
Mr. Ask and Dr. Dorislaus, to draw up a charge against the king.
In this Mr. Cook was most particularly active, and when the king ap
peared in court, exhibited the following charge : " That he the said
John Cook, by protestation (saving on behalf of the people of Eng
land the liberty of exhibiting at any time hereafter any other charge
against the said Charles Stuart ; and also of replying to the answers
which the said Charles Stuart shall make to the premises, or any of
them, or any other charge that be so exhibited), doth for the said
treasons and crimes, on the behalf of the said people of England,
impeach the said Charles Stuart as a tyrant, traitor, murderer, pub
lic and implacable enemy to the Commonwealth of England, and
prayeth that the said Charles Stuart, king of England, may be put
to answer all and every the premises, that such proceedings, exami
nations, trials, sentences, and judgment, may be hereupon had, as
shall be agreeable to justice ; and farther prayed justice against
him, saying the blood that had been spilt cried for it.
On the king s attempting an endeavour to shew the incompetency
of this court to try the question, he was ever interrupted by Cook,
who complained to the court of the time being trifled away, and
moved, that if the king would not plead to the things complained of
in the charge, judgment might be taken pro confesso: and the last day
demanded judgment of the court against the prisoner at the bar (the
title he gave the king), upon which sentence was given and execu
tion soon after followed. So little appears Mr. Cook to have had
any compunction for the part he acted in the trial, that he shortly
after wrote a book, entitled, " Monarchy no Creature of God s
making ;" in which he states " that the late king was the fattest
sacrifice that ever was offered to Queen Justice."
128 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The parliament, to reward Mr. Cook, ordered him, as the thanks
of the house, 300/. per annum, in the county of Waterford, in Ire
land, whither they sent him likewise in quality of a judge. He was
not long here before the commissioners for government in Ireland
made choice of him as the chief judge to examine, try, and give
sentence upon an act lately passed against the delinquents (as they
were termed), those who had been found guilty of assisting the late
king in his troubles. He continued to act in his judicial capacity in
Ireland, until the restoration of Charles the Second, when he was
seized, and sent prisoner to England, in order to take his trial for
high-treason. During the time he remained in power, it was his
practice occasionally to preach up and down the country, and
being himself an Anabaptist, he particularly favoured all of that
sect.
Mr. Cook, after remaining in confinement four months, was
brought to the bar of the Old Bailey, October 14, 1660 ; and, after
a trial that occupied the best part of the day, upon the clearest evi
dence as to his preparing and drawing the charge stated in the in
dictment, was found guilty.
On Tuesday, Oct. 16, 1660, Mr. Cook was drawn upon a hurdle
from Newgate to Charing-cross, the place appointed for execution ;
and, in order to intimidate and disturb his thoughts, the disfigured
head of Major-general Harrison (who had been executed a few days
before) was placed, with the bare face before him, on the sledge ;
but, notwithstanding the dismal sight, he passed rejoicingly through
the streets, as one borne up by that spirit, which man could not
cast down. He ascended the ladder very cheerfully, and told the
sheriff that as for himself he thanked God he could welcome death ;
but as for Mr. Peters (who was to die with him), he could very well
have wished that he might be reprieved for some time, for that he
was neither prepared nor fit to die. After some farther observations,
the executioner did his office, and being quartered, his head was or
dered to be set on Westminster Hall, and his limbs were set upon
the gates of the city of London.
FABIAN PHILIPS ; from a miniature. G. P. Hard
ing sc: 4to.
Fabian Philips was born at Prestbury, in Gloucestershire, on the
28th of September, 1601, and in early youth~passed some time in
OF ENGLAND. 129
one of the inns of Chancery, and thence removed to the Middle
Temple, where he attained a great knowledge of the law. His
principles were decidedly royal ; he was a strenuous asserter of the
king s prerogative, and so zealous in his endeavours to serve the un
fortunate Charles I. that two days before the king was beheaded,
and in defiance of the dangers to which such a conduct exposed
him, he drew up a protestation against the " intended murder," and
caused it to be printed, and affixed to posts in all the public places.
He also published, in 1649, a pamphlet entitled, " Veritas Incon-
cussa ; or, King Charles I. no man of blood, but a martyr for his
people." In 1653, when the courts of justice at Westminster, espe
cially the Chancery, were voted down by the Long Parliament, he
published his " Considerations against the dissolving and taking
them away :" for which he afterward received the thanks of Lent-
hall, the former speaker, and one of the " Keepers of the Liberties
of England." After the restoration of Charles II. when the bill for
abolishing tenures was depending in parliament, he published his
" Tenenda non Tollenda ; or the necessity of preserving Tenures
in Capite, and by Knight s Service, &c." and in 1663, he published
" The Antiquity, Legality, Reason, Duty, and Necessity, of Prse-
emption and Pourveyance for the King." Both these tracts are in
quarto : and he afterward printed many other pieces on subjects of
a similar kind. He likewise assisted Dr. Bates in his " Elenchus
Motuum ;" especially by searching the offices and records for au
thorities for that work. His passion for royal prerogative was far
superior to his sagacity; for so late as 1681, he wrote his "Ursa
Major et Minor ; shewing that there is no such fear, as is factiously
pretended, of popery and arbitrary power." He died on the 17th of
November, 1690, in his eighty-ninth year, and was buried at Twy-
ford, in Middlesex.
For some time Mr. Philips was filacer for London, Middlesex,
Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire ; and he is reputed to have
spent considerable sums in searching records and writings, and
publishing in favour of the prerogative; yet the only advantage he
derived was the place of a commissioner for regulating the law ;
worth 200/. per annum, but which only existed two years.
RICHARD LANGHORN, (counsellor at law).
E. Lutterel f. 4fo. mezz.
VOL. V. S
130 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
RICHARD LANGHORN ; mezz. W. Richardson;
executed 14 July, 1679.
RICHARD LANGHORN, &c. in Caulfield s " Re
markable Persons ;" Svo.
Richard Langhorn, a Papist, who had long passed for a Pro
testant, was much employed by the Jesuits in the management of
their affairs. Though he was said to be of a fair character in his
profession, his conduct, on some occasions, seems to have been
sufficiently artful and Jesuitical. A little before the restoration, he
engaged a half-witted person to manage elections for him in Kent ;
and was asked by Mr. John Tillotson,* who was privy to the secret,
why he employed so weak a man in that business. He very frankly
told him, that it was a maxim with him to employ men of his cha
racter ; because, if such agents should take it into their heads to
turn informers, it would be easy to invalidate their evidence, by
representing them as madmen. He was convicted, upon the testi
mony of Titus Gates, of conspiring the death of the king. During
his trial, and at the place of execution, he persisted in asserting his
innocence ; but his enemies gave little or no credit to his assevera^
tions. It was even said, that prevarication and falsehood for the
Catholic cause, was not only allowed, but deemed meritorious by
the church of Rome ; and that a man who dared to perjure himself
for the Romish religion, was esteemed but little inferior, in point of
merit, to one that dared to die for it. He was executed the 14th
of July, 1679,
" RICHARD GRAVES, esq. of Mickleton,f a
bencher and reader of Lincoln s Inn, clerk of the peace,
and receiver-general for the county of Middlesex. He
had two wives, by whom he had issue nineteen chil
dren; six sons, and thirteen daughters; and died 1669,
aged 59." G. Vertuc sc. h.
* Afterward archbishop of Canterbury. See Burnet s Hist, of his own Time,"
i, p. 230.
t Near Campden, in Gloucestershire. -
{ The late Mr. Graves, a clergyman, who wrote " The Spiritual Quixote," <m in
genious romance in the manner of Cervantes, was descended from this family. .
OF ENGLAND. 131
rc SCOTCH LAWYERS.
SIR JOHN NISBET, of Dirleton, lord-advocate.
Paton del. R. White sc, h. sh.
Sir John Nisbet, an eminent and upright lawyer, an excellent
scholar, and an uucorrupt patriot, particularly distinguished himself
by pleading against a standing militia in Scotland, in the reign of
Charles II. in which he was one of the commissioners that treated
with those of England concerning a union of the two kingdoms.
He was succeeded in his office of king s advocate by Sir George
Mackenzie.*
GEORGIUS MACKENZIUS, a valle rosarum, &c.
P. Vandrebanc <sc. h. sh,
SIR GEORGE MACKENZIE; arms; motto, " Fir ma
vel ardua ;" h.sh. R. Wood.
SIR GEORGE MACKENZIE. W. Richardson; Svo.
Sin GEORGE MACKENZIE ; in an oval; folio.
There is a good portrait of him, much like this print, in the pic
ture gallery at Oxford.
Sir George Mackenzie, an able lawyer, a polite scholar, and a
celebrated wit, was king s advocate^ in Scotland, in the reign of
Charles and James II. He was learned in the laws of nature and
nations ; and particularly in those of his own country, which he
illustrated and defended by his excellent writings. He finished his
studies at the universities of Aberdeen and St. Andrew s, before he
was sixteen years of age ; and is said to have pleaded at the bar
before he was twenty. He was a great master of forensic eloquence,
on which he has written an elegant discourse,! which contains a brief,
* Burnet.
tThis answers to the office of attorney-general in England.
J It is entitled " Idea Eloquentiaj forensis hodiernae," &c.
132 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
but comprehensive compendium of the laws of Scotland. The polite
ness of his learning, andthesprightliness of his wit, were conspicuous
in all his pleadings, and shone in his ordinary conversation. Mr.
Dryden acknowledges, that he was unacquainted with what he calls
the beautiful turn of words and thoughts" in poetry, till they
were explained and exemplified to him, in a conversation which he
had with " that noble wit of Scotland, Sir George Mackenzie."*
He has written several pieces of history and antiquities, and also
essays upon various subjects ; none of which were more admired,
than his " Moral Essay upon Solitude, preferring it to public Em
ployment, such as Fame, Command, Riches, Pleasure, Conversa
tion," &c. This was answered by Mr. John Evelyn. It is hard to
say which of these gentlemen was capable of enjoying the pleasures
of solitude in a more exquisite degree. But Mr. Evelyn, who in
his character resembled Atticus, as much as Sir George did Cicero,
was so honest, as to prefer the active life to speculative indolence,
from a consciousness that it is infinitely more for the advantage of
mankind. Sir George came into England soon after the revolution,
with a view of enjoying that learned retirement which he longed
for in the university of Oxford. In June, 1690, he was admitted
as a student into the Bodleian Library ; but died within a year
after his admission, at his lodgings in London, on the 2d of May,
1691. He was a great benefactor to literature, having founded the
advocates library at Edinburgh, which now contains above thirty
thousand volumes. f His works were printed at Edinburgh, in
1716, in two volumes folio. See the reign of JAMES II.
SIR JOHN GILMOUR, president of the court of
sessions of Scotland ; from an original picture painted
by old Scougal, at Inch, near Edinburgh. C. B. Ryley
vr. Svo.
Sir John Gilmour, of Craigmillar, a Scotch advocate, who had,
at the restoration of King Charles the Second, the more credit,
having always favoured the king s side, obtained the high office of
president of the court of session, in which post he gave an applaud
ed instance of his impartiality, in the stand which he made in behalf
* Dedication fo Dryden s " Juvenal, 1 p. 132, 133, 5th edit,
t Pennant s " Tour in Scotland/ p. 48.
OF ENGLAND. 133
of Archibald Campbell, the first marquis of Argyle, on his trial for
treason, in which an attempt was made to convict the noble pri
soner of the murder of King Charles the First, by presumption
and precedent. Gilrnour declared, that he abhorred the attainting
of a man upon so remote a presumption as that adduced, and
looked upon it to be less justifiable than the much-decried attainder
of the Earl of Stratford ; and therefore undertook the argument
against the Earl of Middleton ; and had so clearly the better of him,
that, although the parliament was prejudiced against the marquis,
and every thing was likely to pass which might blacken him, yet,
when it was put to the vote, the noble prisoner was acquitted
of the charge, by a great majority.
Gilmour presided at the head of the court of session ten years
with great dignity and ability ; viz. from June 1st, 1661, to January
17th, 1671-2 ; at which time he was succeeded by Sir David Dal-
rymple, viscount Stair.
SIR PATRICK LYON, of Carse, knt. judge of the
high court of Admiralty of the kingdom of Scotland.
R. White ad vivum sc. h. sh.
CLASS VII.
MEN OF THE SWORD.
JACOBUS TURNER, eques auratus ; in armour,
arms, motto, " Tu m cede Mails T R. White sc. h. sh.
Sir James Turner was a man of great natural courage, which
was sometimes inflamed to an uncommon degree of ferocity, by
strong liquors ; in the use of which he freely indulged himself.
When the laws against conventicles were put in execution in Scot
land, he was ordered to quarter the guards, of whom he had the
command, in different parts of that kingdom ; and, iu an arbitrary
manner, to levy fines, and otherwise punish the delinquents. He
134 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
treated the people with such rigour as gave the highest offence:
and happening to fall into their hands unarmed, he expected every
moment to be sacrificed to their resentment. But as they found
by his orders, which they seized with his other papers, that he had
been enjoined to act with still greater rigour, they spared his life.
He was frequently reprimanded by Lord Rothes and Archbishop
Sharp for treating the people with too great lenity, but never for
his acts of violence. He was a man of learning, and wrote " Essays
on the Art of War," published in folio, 1683.
COLONEL GILES STRANGEWAYS, of Mel-
bury Sampford, in Dorsetshire.
" The rest fame speaks, and make his virtues known,
By s zeal for the church, and loyalty to the throne.
The artist in his draught doth art excel,
None but himself, himself can parallel.*
But if his steel could his great mind express,
That would appear in a much nobler dress.
D. Loggan ad vivum delm. h. sh. scarce.
"
GILES STRANGEWAYS. Clamp sc.
This worthy gentleman, who descended from one of the most
ancient and respectable families in Dorsetshire, was representative
in parliament for that county, f and one of the privy council to
* Theobald seems to have adopted this line, with very little variation, in his
" Double Falsehood/"
None but himself can be his parallel.
The thought is so very singular, that it is extremely improbable that two persons
should have hit upon it, and varied so little in the expression.^ Sir William Temple
has varied more ; where speaking of Caesar, he says, that he was " equal only to
himself."
t It appears from the " Notitia Parliamentaria," that the county of Dorset has
not been without a representatire of this family from the reign of Mary, to that of
George I. In the former of these reigns, Giles Strangeways, knt. was member of
parliament for that county.
\ See Bathos, &c. chap. vii.
<j See the " Essay on the Gardens of Epicurus. ;i
OF ENGLAND. 135
Charles II. In the time of the civil war, he had the command of
a regiment in that part of the royal army which acted under Prince
Maurice in the West. In 1645, he was imprisoned in the Tower
for his active loyalty, where he continued in patient confinement
for two years, and upwards of six months. There is a fine medal
lion of him, struck upon this occasion ; on the reverse of which is
represented that part of the Tower which is called Caesar s ; with
this inscription, Decusque adverea dedentnt* When Charles fled
into the West, in disguise, after the battle of Worcester, In? sent
him three hundred broad pieces ;f which were, perhaps, the most
seasonable present that the royal fugitive ever received. But this
was but a small part of the sum which is to be placed to the account
of his loyalty; as the house of Strangeways paid no less than
35,000/. for its attachment to the crown. t Ob. 1675. The present
Countess of Ilchester is heiress of this family.
GENERAL ROSSITIER, parliament general ; in
Simons " Medals" plate 20.
General Rossitier, of Somerby, in the county of Lincoln, com
manded the Lincolnshire troops, and with Pointz besieged Shalford-
house, in 1645; and afterward concurred with Fairfax and Monk
in the restoration, and received the honour of knighthood. He
married Jane, daughter of Sir Richard Samwell, of Upton, in the
county of Northampton, bart.
COLONEL JOHN BARKSTEAD ; an oval, in the
same plate with Colonel Okey and Miles Corbet, k. sh.
very scarce*
COLONEL JOHN BARKSTEAD, with his seal and
autograph; Svo.
COLONEL JOHN BARKSTEAD. W. Richardson; Qvv.
* Evelyn s " Numismata," p. 115.
t See " An Account of the Preservation of King Charles II. after the Battle of
Worcester, (published by Sir David Dalrymple) p. 46.
J Lloyd s < Memoirs."
136 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
John Barkstead was by profession a goldsmith, and kept a shop
in the Strand ; but on the breaking out of the civil war he quitted
trade, and entered into the parliament army ; where he so much
distinguished himself by his service and zeal in the cause he had
embarked in, that he was made captain of a foot company under
Colonel Ven, at Windsor : and shortly after made governor of
Reading. He so actively discharged the trust reposed in him, as
particularly to attract the notice of Cromwell, who never was at a
loss to discover merit, and to appropriate the talents of those who
were possessed of it, to his own use and service ; and, on his
becoming possessed of supreme power, knighted Barkstead, and
made him one of his lords. He had previously, by the parliament,
been intrusted with the custody of the Tower, in which office
the Protector fully confirmed him ; and likewise appointed him
major-general of London. Barkstead though a thorough repub
lican, joined in every change of government during the usurpation ;
and is reported to have amassed great wealth by extortion from the
unfortunate loyalists committed to his custody, while keeper of the
Tower ; whom, on several occasions, he is said to have treated with
uncommon severity, by which conduct, he became equally odious
and detestable to them, as Bradshaw, or Cromwell himself.
On the restoration of monarchy, feeling the danger he stood in,
he fled to the continent, and lurked for some time in various parts
of Germany, under feigned names, but at length settled at Hanau,
where he was elected a burgess ; but imprudently quitting that
free city, in company with Colonel Okey and Miles Corbet, in
order to join their wives whom they had appointed to meet at Delft,
in Holland; the circumstance coming to the knowledge of Sir George
Downing, the British envoy for the king at the Hague, he caused
Barkstead and his two companions to be arrested and conveyed to
England, in order to take their trials for the share they had in the
death of the late king.
After having remained some time prisoners in the Tower, Bark-
stead, with Corbet and Okey, were brought to the King s Bench
bar, and there demanded what they could say for themselves, why
they should not die according to law, the act of attainder being
read to them ; to which they alleged, they were not the same per
sons therein described, but sufficient witness being in readiness to
prove their identity, sentence of death was pronounced against
them ; and on Saturday, April 19th, 1662, all three were executed
at Tyburn. The head of Barkstead was set upon a pole, and
OF ENGLAND. 137
placed on Traitor s Gate, in the Tower ; of which place he had been
governor. The treason he stood charged with, was, the attendance
he gave every day on the trial of the late king, and signing the
warrant for his execution.
The royalists gave out that he died meanly, having, as supposed,
taken some stupifying drug previous to his leaving the prison.
Ludlow, on the contrary, asserts, that he died with cheerfulness
and courage, no way derogating from a soldier, and true English
man ; and though he was not in England at the time, little question
can arise but he had a faithful report of the transactions that took
place with respect to the manner with which the judges of Charles
the First were proceeded against, and the way in which they under
went the sentence pronounced against them.
Col. FRANCIS HACKER ; from an original pic
ture. G. Barrett sc\ 4to.
Col. FRANCIS HACKER. Cook sc. Svo.
Colonel Hacker was one of those soldiers of fortune that rose to
rank, and became noticed, throughout the troubles of the times
they lived in. Very little is known of his private history, or from
what family he was descended. As a soldier and officer he was
held in great trust by Cromwell and his party, and acted a prin
cipal part in the tragedy of King Charles the First. The parti
culars of the share Colonel Hacker had in that transaction, is re
lated by Colonel Tomlinson, at Hacker s trial, in the following
words : " I had indeed to do with the guard ; being then an officer
of the army, a colonel of horse. When the king came to St. James s,
it was observed by some, that there was too great an access of
people admitted to the king ; and within a day or two after, there
was a party of halberdiers appointed for the stricter observing the
guard ; they were commanded by three gentlemen, of whom this
prisoner at the bar was one. The orders every day for removing the
person of the king were commonly directed to four persons, and
those were, myself, Lieutenant-colonel Gobbet, Captain Merryman,
and one more ; but the guards that still went along were the hal
berdiers. So that every day when the king did go to Westminster,
he went to Sir Robert Cotton s house, and so far I went with him,
but never saw him at that pretended high court of justice. When
VOL. V. T
138 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
he used to go to Westminster Hall, Serjeant Dendy used to come,
and demand that the king should go to the high court of justice,
and Colonel Hacker did ordinarily go with him, with the hal
berdiers. It was my custom to stay in the room till he came back
again. These orders continued during the time of his trial. After
the sentence was given, on the day whereon the execution was to
be done, it was ordered, that the guards that were for the security
of the person of the king should cease, when a warrant from the
high court of justice for the execution should be produced." Colonel
Tomlinson further deposed, " that Colonel Hacker led the king
forth on the day of his execution, followed by the bishop of Lon
don, and was there in prosecution of that warrant, and upon the
same their orders were at an end."
This evidence of Tomlinson was corroborated by Colonel
Huncks, who stated, " that a little before the hour the king died,
he was in Ireton s chamber, in Whitehall, where Ireton and Har
rison were in bed together; that. Cromwell, Colonel Hacker, Lieu
tenant-colonel Phayer, Axtel, and himself, were standing at the
door, Colonel Hacker reading the warrant ; but upon witnesses
refusal to draw up an order for the executioner, Cromwell would
have no delay, but stepping to a table that stood by the door, on
which were pens, ink, and paper, he wrote something; which as
soon as he had done, gives the pen to Hacker, who also wrote
something, on which the execution of the king followed."
He was found guilty, and executed at Tyburn, October 19, 1660.
His body was put into a hearse sent to the place of execution by
his son, who had begged it of the king ; and the request being
granted, without quartering, the son caused him to be buried in
the city of London.
Col. JOHN JONES ; a small head, in the frontispiece
to the Speeches, Passages, and Letters of several Per
sons lately executed ; 1661 ; 8vo.
Col. JOHN JONES, with his seal and autograph; Svo.
Colonel Jones, by birth a Welshman, came at a very early age
to London, and was patronised by his kinsman Sir Thomas Mid-
dleton, lord mayor in the year 1613. In this gentleman s service
he lived many years ; but the wars coming on, he entered into the
OF ENGLAND. 139
parliament army, and shortly attained to the rank of captain. In his
principles, he was a strict republican, and was taken great notice of
by the Cromwelian party; through whose interest he obtained a seat
.in parliament, and came to be made governor of Anglesey, in North
Wales.
Colonel Jones, Miles Corbet, Edmund Ludlow, &c. were sent
commissioners of parliament for the government of Ireland, where
Jones began with reforming the abuses which existed concerning
the brewing of beer and ale, nor would he suffer any one to hold a
public employment that were found tippling in alehouses. He was
censured for discountenancing orthodox ministers, and encouraging
a Mr. Patients, formerly a stocking-footer in London, to preach
every Sunday before the council of Ireland, in Christ Church,
Dublin ; and that, finally, to go into an alehouse, or a Protestant
church, during his domination, were crimes alike, and alike pu
nished ; insomuch that none but Anabaptists and Welshmen were
entertained at that time in beneficial places.
After settling the affairs of Ireland to his full desire, Colonel
Jones returned to England, and was in great favour with the Pro
tector,* who constituted him one of his lords ; but upon his death,
in the protectorate of his successor Richard, Jones was again made
one of the commissioners for the government of Ireland, and went
over in July, 1659, with Ludlow, who was commander-in-chief of
the forces ; but Ludlow soon after returning to England, and being
well convinced of Jones s ability and principles, left him his deputy
there ; armed with this double power of commissioner, and head
of the military department, in the execution of what he deemed
requisite, he gave great umbrage to Mr. Steele, then chancellor of
Ireland, a man of haughty spirit, who thought his province invaded,
and in disgust left Ireland, and the government thereof to his more
successful rival in power.
In the interim the Rump Parliament was turned out by Lambert,
and a committee of safety appointed. On the 6th of December
following, about five o clock in the evening, Colonel Sir Theophilus
Jones, Colonel Bridges, and two or three more discountenanced
officers, in pursuance of a design very privately contrived, and
carried on, seized on Colonel Jones, and the rest of the then coun
cil of Ireland, took the castle of Dublin, and declared for a parlia
ment ; and General Monk, who was then in Scotland, and had
* Whose sister he married.
140 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
declared for the like. Jones was kept a close prisoner in the castle
of Dublin, but the Rump Parliament coming into power again,
sent for him and the rest over ; but by the time he arrived in Lon
don, the secluded members had regained their seats in parliament,
and outvoted all republican principles. Preparation being made
for the king s coming home, Jones carefully hid himself; but not
withstanding his concealment, he was discovered one evening about
twilight in Finsbury Fields, apprehended, and carried prisoner to
the Tower of London, where he remained till he was brought to
his trial.
On the 12th of October, 1660, Mr. Jones was put to the bar,
his bedfellow, Mr. Scot, being immediately before tried and found
guilty. He said he considered it but vain in him to plead any
thing in justification of what he stood charged with ; for that the
arguments of the court and council were the same, and that they
had contrived to overwhelm any attempt of the prisoners to make
a defence, and in consequence pleaded only to the general issue,
and was of course found guilty.
On the Wednesday following, Mr. Jones, with Thomas Scot,
Gregory Clement, Adrian Scroop, and Francis Hacker, were drawn
on hurdles to Charing-cross, and there executed.
RICHARD DEANE ; from a drawing in the King s
" Clarendon ;" 4to.
RICHARD DEANE, with his seal and autograph.
R. Grave sc. 8vo.
Richard Deane is said to have been a servant to one Button, a
toyman in Ipswich, and to have been the son of a person in the
same employment. When the civil war broke out, he entered the
parliament army as a matross in the train of artillery ; and ren
dered them so much service, particularly at Exeter, that he gra
dually rose to be a captain in the train, and afterward progressively,
though rapidly, to be a colonel. He was one of those who, De
cember 18, 1648, met Sir Thomas Widdrington and Mr. Whitlock,
at the Rolls, with Lieutenant-general Cromwell, and Lenthall, the
speaker of the House of Commons, under pretence of getting
some settlement for the nation, and, as it were, combine both par
liament, the army, and the law, in one common interest; but this
OF ENGLAND. 141
f *
was only a plausible matter to give time to the army to effect the
purpose they meditated against the person of the king, arid it was
therefore spun out for some days ; though it does not appear that
he was called upon again in the matter, which was chiefly left to
Cromwell.
The heads of the army perceived, that if the king and parlia
ment made up the quarrel between themselves, they should be dis
banded ; and having left their former professions, would be left
destitute : to ward off, therefore, what of all things they dreaded,
they determined to cut off the king, after modifying the parliament
to their own mind, and lay the groundwork for making them their
tools in future. Cromwell confided in Deane to take a very ma
terial part in this, which he did, and none was more active in car
rying things to the last extremity ; he, therefore, was named one of
the judges in the high court of justice, and was most active in
going through the office : he attended every sitting, except in the
Painted Chamber on the 12th and 13th of January, and in West
minster Hall the 20th, and set his hand to the warrant for the
king s execution.
In the month succeeding that of the king s death, he was ap
pointed one of the commissioners of the navy, with Popham and
Blake ; and in April he became an admiral and general at sea,
and went with Admiral Blake in a squadron in the Downs, whilst
his regiment of horse was appointed by lot to go to Ireland, to
subdue the rebels there ; and he and Blake soon after set sail for
Ireland, and put into Kinsale, to take the ships which were there,
commanded by Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice ; leaving Blake
in that port, he with a squadron lay upon the western road.
In February, 1649-50, he returned to Portsmouth in the Phoenix,
and gave information to the parliament that several vessels with
recruits were cast away upon the coast of Ireland in their passage
thither.
The Dutch war breaking out, he was again sent to sea, and
joined with Blake and Monk in commanding the navy; meeting
with Van Tromp, the Dutch admiral, near the North-Foreland,
they resolved to give him battle. Blake was to the northward
when he first saw the Dutch navy off the coast of Flanders. The
strength of both republics was called out to dispute which of the
rivals was to command, and govern at sea. Tromp had to assist
him Admirals Evertsen, De Wit, and De Ruyter.
. Vice-admiral Lawson, at the head of the blue squadron, made
142 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the attack, by charging through the Dutch fleet with forty ships.
The squadron of De Ruyter were principally sufferers in this furious
onset ; Van Tromp therefore hastened to his assistance. Blake
and Deane, who were both in the same ship, perceiving the ad
miral s movement, attacked him with the main body ; the fleet
continuing engaged until three in the afternoon, when the Dutch
fled, and were pursued by the lightest of the English frigates; but,
unfortunately, Deane fell at the first fire of the enemy, a cannon
ball dividing his body at the onset. The second day the battle was
renewed, and a most complete victory gained by the English. The
battle was fought September 28, 1652.
A public thanksgiving was given for this victory, in gratitude to
Providence for the first fruits of those naval conquests that afterward
were to be so greatly illustrious. To evince the great esteem that
the Protector had for private merit, a public funeral was decreed
by him for the remains of the deceased admiral. The corpse was
conveyed in a barge from Greenwich to Westminster, attended by
many other barges and boats in mourning equipages. As they
slowly passed along, the procession was saluted by the guns from the
shipping at the Tower, and ordnance planted for that purpose in the
way to Westminster Abbey, where the body was buried, attended
by many persons of the greatest consequence in the government,
invited by cards sent from the council ; besides large bodies of the
military ; and to do his memory still more honour the Protector in
person assisted. At the restoration, his body, with many others,
was taken up and buried in a part of the cemetery of St. Margaret s
church, adjoining the Abbey precincts.
The wealth that he gained was as great as his successes had
been extraordinary. Amongst the estates he possessed was the
manor of Havering, at Bower, in the county of Essex, the park of
which he demolished, after it had for so long a space been appro
priated for the chase, by our sovereigns, and where King Henry
VIII. often came ; it was in an eminent degree, likewise, the re
tiring place of our monarchs.
All his estates were seized by government, his name being in
serted, though he was dead, in that part of the bill which excepted
from pardon those more immediately concerned in the murder of
King Charles.
Deane left a widow and children, who, from the time of his
death to the funeral, had 100/. per day; and 600/. per annum in
land was settled upon Mrs. Deane in reward for his public services.
OF ENGLAND. 143
DANIEL AXTEL ; a small head, in the frontispiece
to the Lives, Speeches, and private Passages of those
Persons lately executed. London, 1661 ; Svo.
DANIEL AXTEL ; a head, in an oval ; Svo.
Axtel was a native of Bedfordshire, but settled in London,
where his friends had sent him in order to be apprenticed to some
trade. The business he chose was that of a grocer, which for some
time he followed ; but the troubles coming; on, Axtel came to the
determination of not remaining neuter, and entered the parliament
army as a private soldier ; but quickly arrived at the mark of
more public notice. When the army were collected together at
Newmarket, in a mutinous manner against the parliament, delegates
were chosen out of each company to represent their grievances.
Axtel (then but an ordinary officer) was pitched upon as an eminent
and fit person to carry on their design of refusing to disband the
army, when they were commanded thereunto by the parliament ;
and when the parliament and the king had come to the terms of
peace in the Isle of Wight, he came up at the head of the deputies,
and at the bar of the parliament-house impeached the members
thereof, calling them rotten members, and other ill names ; and at
that time, being lieutenant-colonel to Colonel Hewson s regiment
of foot, was particularly active the day the secluded members were
driven from the House and imprisoned, and was more than ordi
narily officious in that business.
Colonel Axtel commanded the guards every day during the trial of
the king in Westminster Hall, and when the king came through the
hall, he ordered the soldiers to cry Justice ! Justice ! When the charge
was read, and the king called upon to answer in the name of the
Commons of England, a lady (Fairfax) from the gallery said, " Not
half the Commons of England;" which being heard by Axtel, he
said to his soldiers, " Shoot the w e, pull her down," with
other insulting epithets ; and on the last day of the court s sitting,
previous to the sentence being given, he ordered them to cry ;
Execution ! Execution !
Having made himself very busy and active in support of a com
monwealth, in preference to kingly government, on discovering the
republican cause to be lost, and Charles II. daily expected to land in
England, Axtel committed himself to the private chamber of a par
ticular friend, who, thinking himself not safe to entertain him after
144 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
proclamation was made for his apprehension, delivered him up to
the first constable he could find, who carrying him before a justice of
the peace, he was immediately committed a prisoner to the Tower.
Colonel Axtel was tried at the Old Bailey, October 15, 1660,
found guilty, and executed at Tyburn, on the 19th of the same
month. In his defence he averred himself to be no counsellor, no
contriver, no parliament-man, none of the judges that tried the late
king, but only obeyed the orders of his superior officers, and did not
conceive himself guilty of a higher offence than the Earl of Essex,
Fairfax, or Lord Manchester.
Col. ROBERT LILBURNE; from a miniature by
Sam 1 . Cooper ; in the possession of Mr. R. Grave.
Caroline Watson sc. 4to.
Col. ROBERT LILBURNE; mezz. Woodburn e.vc. Svo.
Col. ROBERT LILBURNE, with his autograph and
seal ; Svo.
Robert Lilburne early imbibed a violent hatred to the court-
v
party, which was no way diminished by the rigorous punishment
inflicted through a Star-chamber sentence on his brother, the cele
brated free-born John. On the first breaking out of the war, he joined
the parliament army, and throughout the contest shewed the great
est bravery and conduct. He progressively rose to the rank of
colonel, and was held in such estimation by the parliament, as well
as the army, that he was appointed one of the leading men to
form the tribunal, which brought the devoted Charles to trial. This
was effected under the immediate influence and direction of Crom
well. The colonel sat as one of the king s judges, and attended in
the Painted Chamber on the 15th, 17th, 19th, 23d, 25th, and
27th day of January, and all the days in Westminster Hall, and
signed the warrant for execution.
In 1651, at the head of three regiments, he attacked and most
completely defeated the Earl of Derby, who had mustered a con
siderable force at Wigan, in Lancashire ; and so decisive was
this victory, that of one thousand five hundred men the earl had
brought into the field, he scarcely had thirty left, when he escaped
OF ENGLAND. 145
to King Charles the Second, at Worcester. The engagement lasted
about an hour.
In 1653, he was appointed commander-in-chief in Scotland,
which kingdom he greatly assisted in bringing to absolute submis
sion to the English parliament ; marching to the very extremity of
the Highlands, being every where victorious : he remained there
until 1654, and was as true to Cromwell, as he had been to the
parliament. The Protector, when seated in full authority, placed
the most unbounded confidence in Colonel Lilburne. He not only
continued him one of the committee of his division in Yorkshire,
of the city of York, but gave him very great authority under Lam
bert, the major-general; and when that officer shortly after fell
into some discontent, and was superseded, the important trust
he held was conferred on Lilburne, who appears to have been
every way qualified to discharge the office to the satisfaction of his
employer ; for he was as assiduous in privately ruining the royalists,
as he openly had been in the field. And when he had seized Lord
Bellasyse at York, in 1655, he wrote to Secretary Thurloe, to know
his highness s farther pleasure about him ; * for as I remember,"
says he, " he was once pricked down, I entreat your speedy answer
herein, and I shall be glad to know what you do in general
with such kind of cattle" His conduct was particularly severe
against the loyal clergy, whom he denominated " scandalous
ministers/
At the restoration, he was excepted absolutely as to life and
estate, though he had surrendered himself; and being brought to
trial at the Sessions-house in the Old Bailey, Oct. 16th, 1660, he
pleaded not guilty ; but the facts of sitting the last day, and sign
ing the warrant for putting the king to death being proved, he was
convicted, and being asked what he had to say why sentence should
not be passed, he replied, " I shall not wilfully nor obstinately
deny the matter of fact ; but, my lord, I must and I can, with a
very good conscience, say, that what I did, I did it very innocently,
without any intention of murder ; nor was I ever plotter or con
triver in the business. I was for the withdrawing of the court, when
the king made the motion to have it withdrawn; and upon the day
the king was put to death, I was so sensible of it, that I went to my
chamber and mourned, and would, if it had been in my poAver, have
preserved his life. My lord, I was not at all any disturber of the
government; I never interrupted the parliament at all. I had no
hand in these things, neither in 1648, nor at any other time. I
VOL. V. U
14(5 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
shall humbly beg the favour of the king, that he would be pleased
to grant rne his pardon, according to his declaration which I laid
hold on, and rendered myself to the proclamation,"
The counsel for the prosecution on this statement, observing
they should urge nothing more against him, his life was spared,
but he was sent prisoner to the Isle of St. Nicholas, near Plymouth,
where he died in August, 1665, aged 52. He left several children,
and his father being living at the time of his trial, and no way im
plicated in the troubles of the times, the colonel s children inherited
their grandfather s estate of Thickly Punchardon, Durham, and se
veral others in Yorkshire.
ADRIAN SCROOP ; a small head, in the frontis
piece to the Lives, Speeches, and private Passages of
those Persons lately executed. London, 1661 ; Svo.
ADRIAN SCROOP, with his seal and autograph ; 4to.
Colonel Adrian Scroop was descended of a very ancient and re
spectable family in Buckinghamshire, the head of which was en
nobled. Mr. Scroop himself was possessed of a very considerable
estate, was of puritanical principles, and a great stickler against
episcopacy. On the commencement of the troubles, he took up
arms in support of the parliament, and went forth at first a captain
of horse, which he raised himself, at the head of which he appeared
at Edge-hill. He immediately after attained the rank of major, and
soon became a colonel of horse.
In 1647, he united with other officers in the army, in presenting
a charge against the eleven members, whom the parliament had
taken exceptions to, and was sent to suppress a revolt, as it was
termed, in Dorsetshire, occasioned by a clergyman of the church
of England, named Wake, having presumed to use the liturgy to
his congregation ; and when the Puritans had gone in to prevent
it, the people had rescued their minister, and soundly beaten those
sent to apprehend him, which was so great a grievance, that the
committee of Derby-house had represented the outrage to the
general.
Colonel Scroop s sentiments were so well known in respect to a
republican government, and the dislike he had to the person of the
king, that he was appointed one of the commissioners of the high
OF ENGLAND. 147
court of justice ; which he said he was led into through the per
suasion of Cromwell, as being an officer in the army, though he
was never in parliament; and what was rarely seen in any other
members of that tribunal, he sat every day in the Painted Chamber,
and in Westminster Hall, and signed and sealed the warrant for
execution.
After the death of the king, Colonel Scroop s regiment was drawn
by Jot to go to Ireland ; but his men chose to act as they thought
most convenient for their own ease, and declared they would not
go thither ; but sent letters to general Ireton to acquaint him with
their resolution ; but at length some of the men softened and de
clared for their general, expressing their readiness to go whither
soever he commanded, and the rest immediately followed their ex
ample. Scroop was, however, excused going to that kingdom,
being appointed in October, 1649, governor of Bristol Castle, where
he remained for some time ; and when the parliament thought
proper to slight that government, he was appointed, in 1657, one of
the commissioners to Scotland, in conjunction with General Monk,
Lord Broghill, and others; this change was contrived by the policy
of Cromwell, who felt convinced Scroop s republican sentiments
might have done him much mischief in so important a place as
Bristol ; and that his title of Protector was equally obnoxious as
that of a king could be. Ludlow was of this opinion. When
speaking of Scroop s removal, he says ? " not daring to trust a per
son of so much honour and worth with a place of that consequence."
Upon the arrival of Charles the Second in England, he issued a
proclamation commanding those that were his father s judges to
appear, who had either fled the kingdom or hidden themselves, in
order to claim the indemnity within a limited time. Colonel Scroop,
in order to avail himself of this benefit, comes in and delivers him
self to the speaker, with some others, and a vote was made, that he
should be only fined a year s value of his estate : but soon after
falling into discourse with General Brown, concerning the trial and
death of the king, Colonel Scroop strenuously justified himself as
to the way in which he had acted, and said, " He did believe it to be
no murder ," with other expressions tending to prove that the king
did deserve death ; which being reported to the parliament, he was
wholly excepted out of the act of general pardon : and being
brought to his trial in the Old Bailey, Oct. 12, 1660, he pleaded
not guilty, and in his defence stated he did not so much as attempt
to justify the act of which he stood accused, as the power by which
148 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
he acted, saying the authority was owned both at home and abroad,
and that he was no parliament man, but acted by their authority
and commission, who were then the supreme authority of the na
tions, and he hoped that authority would excuse him. This plea,
however, being overruled, the jury were directed, who brought him
in guilty; and on Wednesday, Oct. 17th following, he was brought
from Newgate to Charing-cross, upon a hurdle ; appearing very
cheerful during this his last earthly journey, and viewed the gibbet
undismayed, but bewailed his unfortunate discourse with General
Brown, which he attributed as the cause of his being brought
thither. After praying some time very fervently, he was hung,
and afterward quartered.
THOMAS SCOT; a small head, in the frontispiece to
the Lives, Speeches, and Private Passages of those
Persons lately executed. London, 1661 ; Sva.
THOMAS SCOT ; small oval. J. P. Harding sc. Svo.
THOMAS SCOT ; small oval, with his seal and auto
graph ; Svo.
Mr. Scot was of very respectable descent, of good property, and
had received a liberal education ; though his adversaries, by way
of reproach, make him out to have been the son of a mean brewer,
and assert that he also had carried on the same business in Bride
well Precinct. But Ludlow, who was intimately connected with
him, informs us, that he was educated in the university of Cam
bridge ; a thing very unlikely, had his friends been of the mean ac
count stated. Certain it is, that he was a man of considerable abi
lities, and acted as a solicitor at Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire ;
for which borough, upon a vacancy in the Long Parliament, he was
elected to serve as member ; and, by his alliance with Sir Thomas
Mauliveler, in wedding his daughter, greatly strengthened his
means and power. On this event taking place, he abandoned the
profession of an attorney, and entered the parliament army as a
major, and was made one of their committee for the county of
Berks.
He particularly distinguished himself in bringing to trial the un-
OF ENGLAND. 149
fortunate Charles the First, sitting as one of the commissioners, and
signed the warrant for his execution. In the Commonwealth he
made a very conspicuous figure, and was constantly named one of
the executive body ; for he was appointed in the councils of state
in 1649, 1650, and 1651 ; and during all the time the Long Par
liament continued, he had considerable power, and bore a great
sway in their proceedings. But, upon that revolution, that trans
ferred the power into the hands of Cromwell, his influence was
over, and he became extremely dissatisfied, and looked upon Oliver
as a betrayer of that common cause, the republicans had ventured
every thing to establish. He however strove, and procured a seat
in that parliament, which conferred upon the man he so much dis
liked, the title of Protector ; which, with all the opposition he made
to the adoption of, he possessed not power sufficient to prevent.
Aylesbury also returned him in the second parliament called by his
highness; and in 1656, he was chosen for that place, and endea
voured to be for the borough of Wickham, in Suffolk ; of which,
Secretary Thurloe, writing to Henry Cromwell, major-general of the
army in Ireland, says, " Tom Scot was not content with his election
of Aylesbury, but endeavoured to be chosen at Wickham, but lost
it there. Colonel Bridges, late major to Okey, is chosen, who, as
your lordship knows, is a very honest sober man."
Upon the downfal of the Cromwelian interest he rose to a
greater consequence than ever he had possessed, and was considered
as one of the firmest supporters of the republic. In November,
1659, he was appointed one of the council of state, where he con
stantly attended, giving out and sealing commissions for raising
of forces ; and they appointed him secretary of state, and custos
rotulorum of the city of Westminster.
When General Monk arrived with the army in London, and re
stored the secluded members of the Long Parliament, in order to a
dissolution with their own consent, Mr. Crew, one of the members,
moved, that before they separated, they should bear witness against
the horrid murder of the king; one of the members protesting that
he had neither hand or heart in the affair. Mr. Scot rose in his
place, and replied, " Though I know not where to hide my head at
this time, yet I dare not refuse to own, that not only my hand, but
my heart also was in it ; and I desire no greater honour in this
world, than that the following inscription may be engraven on my
tomb: HERE LIETII ONE WHO HAD A HAND AND A HEART
THE EXECUTION 0V CHARLES STUART, LATE KING OF ENGLAND ;
150 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and then left the house, followed by all those attached to his prin
ciples.
In order to escape the impending storm, Mr. Scot got on board a
vessel to escape to the continent, but was intercepted by a kind of
piratical crew, who suspecting what he really was, one of the pro
scribed republicans (without, however, being able to ascertain it),
after plundering him with impunity, set him on shore in Hampshire.
He still contrived to find friends, who procured him another vessel,
which conveyed him to Flanders ; where, the instant he landed, he
was seized by an agent for the king; but Don Alonzo Cardenas,
governor of the Netherlands, who had received some civilities from
Mr. Scot, while he was ambassador to the Commonwealth, with true
Castilian honour set him at liberty. Mr. Scot now considered the
best way he could act, would be to surrender himself voluntarily to
the English agent, in order that he might the better claim the bene
fit of the act of indemnity, within the time limited by law ; and was
brought over to England in order to take his trial, which took place
at the Old Bailey, Oct. 12, 1660; when, notwithstanding his plea
of surrendering to the king s proclamation, he was found guilty, arid
executed at Charing-cross, the. 19th of the same month; having
rendered himself too obnoxious to receive mercy !
JOHN HUTCHINSON, esq. Neagk sc. 4to. +,W
JOHN HUTCHINSON, esq. with his seal and autograph.
R. Grave sc. Svo.
John Hutchinson, esq. was eldest son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson,
of Outhorpe, or Obethorpe, in Nottinghamshire, knight. Sir Tho
mas was one of the representatives in the Long Parliament, for the
county of Nottingham, and both father and son were of the parlia
ment-committee for it.
This gentleman drew his sword in the interest of the parliament,
and entered very deeply into their designs from the commencement
of the civil war, and rose from a cornet to be a colonel. The par
liament intrusted him with the important post of being governor of
Nottingham Castle; and in 1643, he wrote to his employers, that
the Earl of Newcastle had offered him 10,OOOZ. to appoint him
governor of it under the king, and make it hereditary in his family,
and also to create him a baron, if he would surrender to him for the
OF ENGLAND. 151
use of his majesty ; all which he had refused. In the following
year, he attacked a part of the king s garrison of Newark, slew Cap
tain Thimbleby, and took fifty prisoners ; and the next day, captured
more of the loyalists ; in which number were twenty gentlemen and
officers, with sixty of their horses and furniture.
He was not so fortunate in the year 1645, for a troop of horse
from the same place having stormed a fort upon Trent-bridge, near
his garrison, became master of it, and put about forty of them
to the sword. At this time there existed some differences between
the governor and the committee of the county ; and it being so great
and important a situation whidi he held, it was referred to a com
mittee of both kingdoms to take care for the safety of the place. He
was then a member of the House of Commons for the county, upon
the death of his father. A little time after he had another engage
ment with the royal troops, and obtaining the advantage, took sixty
horse and forty-eight foot, some officers and arms. As one of the
army he was extremely active against the king, and being appointed
one of the commissioners of the high court of justice, he was both
publicly and privately busy in the ruin of the unfortunate monarch ;
being one of the committee for carrying it on, he sat every day in
the Painted Chamber, and in Westminster Hall, except on the 12th
and 25th days of January, and signed the warrant for execution.
The parliament, under the control of the army, named him one of
the council of state in 1649, and 1650, but he never more was
trusted. A mutual jealousy taking place between him and Crom
well, he was deprived of his government of Nottingham Castle;
which was at length ordered to be demolished by its last governor,
Captain Poulton, though it had been repaired at a very great expense,
and rebuilt in a very beautiful manner. It is observable, that a
great part had been taken down, and the iron, and other materials,
sold by King Charles I. just before the civil war. Col. Hutchinson
was now reduced to the state of a private gentleman, from which the
Protector would not permit him to again emerge; for when, in 1656,
he wished to be returned for the county of Nottingham, he was so
opposed by the government, that he lost his election.
When the republican government was restored, he again took his
place in the Long Parliament that reassembled ; and to the great
surprise of all, extremely pressed the House to proceed against Sir
Henry Vane, for not removing into the country, according to their
order, though he was, it was known, indisposed as not to be able
without great danger to his life ; but at this time he had made his
152 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
peace, through General Monk, with King Charles II. though it is
wonderful by what means, for he had then no government, or im
portant castle to deliver up. He was not therefore put in the ex
ceptive clause in the bill of indemnity as one of the king s judges,
which saved himself and his family from public disgrace : but he
was too obnoxious to retain his seat in the convention parliament, or
to go at large ; he was therefore sent prisoner to Deal Castle, in
Kent, where he died, and his remains were sent to Outhorpe, and
buried in the vault he had long before prepared, when he rebuilt
the church. In his religious principles he set out as a rigid Pres
byterian ; but afterward became a staunch Independent, and died
in the communion of the church of England.
By his pardon he was enabled to leave his seat and manor of
Outhorpe, and the manor of Salterford, in the forest, with his ac
quired property, to his son, Charles Hutchinson, esq. The family
sold their large seat and estate of Outhorpe about the year 1770,
when they removed to Woodhall Park, in Hatfield, Herts, which
came to them by marriage with the heiress of the Botelers ; but the
Rev. Julius Hutchinson, of Bowes, near Southgate, in Middlesex,
about the year 1790, disposed of it to the Marquis of Salisbury,
who had pulled down the old mansion, though the repairing of it
had cost that gentleman from 3000/. to 4000/.
Major-Gen. Sir THOMAS MORGAN; a whole
length etching. E. B.Gulston fecit ; half sheet.
Major-Gen. Sir THOMAS MORGAN ; from an ori
ginal picture in the collection of Tynte, esq. R.
Cooper sc. 4to.
The first intelligence we have of this republican commander, is
recorded in a successful plan he laid to surprise a garrison, in the
interest of King Charles the First ; which he effected in the follow
ing manner : the besieged governor wanting hands to work in the
fortress, issued out a precept in the king s name, directed to the
constables, &c. in the neighbourhood, to send in such persons as
were likely to serve and assist on the occasion. Morgan, at that
time a colonel in the Commonwealth s service, being apprised of the
governor s intention, disguised a number of his troopers, in smock-
OF ENGLAND. 153
frocks and other country apparel, at the head of whom preceded a
fellow, representing a constable, at the head of the supposed loyal
recruits. In the mean time he had taken care to place a quantity
of arms and ammunition within a few paces from the entrance to the
besieged place. The sentinels on duty, not doubting but the party
were friends, readily admitted them within the works, and were in
consequence soon mastered ; and the remnant of the rebel party,
with Colonels Birch and Morgan at their head, made an easy con
quest of the royalists,
He appears to have been in great favour with Oliver Cromwell,
by whom he was intrusted with the command of the English forces,
which Cromwell sent to assist the French against the Spaniards, in
the year 1657, at the siege of Dunkirk. The particulars are drawn
up by the general himself, under the following title : " A true and
just Relation of Major-general Sir Thomas Morgan s Progress in,
France and Flanders, with the six thousand English, in the Years
1657 and 1658, at the taking of Dunkirk, and other important
Places :" London, 1699 ; quarto. It has been reprinted in the Har-
leian Miscellany, and in Morgan s Phoenix Britannicus.
When General Monk was making a party in Scotland, he became
jealous of the rising greatness of General Lambert; and when the
latter with his army had passed York, Monk called an assembly of
the Scottish nation, whom he prevailed on to advance him an arrear
of twelve months tax over the kingdom ; and after he had assigned
those whom he thought fit to leave behind him, he placed the whole
under the command of Major-general Morgan. To this circum
stance may be attributed the easy terms on which Morgan made his
peace with the royal party. The latest notice we have of the
major-general, is the attendance made at the funeral of his old
commander, Monk, duke of Albemarle, where he carried the guy-
don, supported by Sir John Griffith, and Colonel Henry Marckham.
Colonel JOHN RUSSELL, brother to William, first
duke of Bedford ; from the original by Dobson, in the
gallery at Althorp. Worthinglon sc. Svo.
Colonel JOHN RUSSELL; in Har ding s "Biogra
phical Mirrour" S. Harding del. 4to.
Colonel John Russell was the youngest son of Francis, earl of
VOL. v. x
154 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Bedford, by Catharine, sole daughter and heiress of Giles Bridges,
lord Chandos. He very early embraced a military life, and served
with great reputation during the civil wars, in the cause of King
Charles I. ; and after the restoration of King Charles II. was made
colonel of the first regiment of foot-guards, and died unmarried.
The true and lively portraiture of that valiant and
worthy patriot and captain SIR GEORGE RAWDON,
knight and baronet ; JEtatis suce 63. R. White delin.
et sculp. 4to.
This head belongs to a set, which was engraved for a genealogi
cal history of his family, in manuscript ; from which Mr. Thoresby
has given us some extracts, in his " Ducatus Leodiensis."
Sir George Rawdon was of the elder branch of the family of that
name, long seated at Rawdon, in the neighbourhood of Leeds, in
Yorkshire. In 1641, he went into Ireland, in the quality of serjeant-
major to Lord Conway s regiment of foot; where he bravely at
tacked the rebels, and gave the first check to their rapid progress.
He was afterward made a major of horse, and had, for a long
time, the sole command of the cavalry in the province of Ulster.
He signalized his valour upon many other occasions ; and was uni
versally esteemed an excellent soldier. He was, for his eminent
services, created a baronet, on the 20th of May, 1665 ; and died in
August, 1683, in the 82d year of his age. He married Dorothy,
daughter of Edward, lord viscount Conway.
The true and lively portraiture of that valiant colo
nel, THOMAS RAWDON, eldest son of that worthy
knight, Sir Marmaduke Rawdon,* of Plodsdon : he was
agent from King Charles the 1st to John, the 4th king
of Portugal, and died at Hodsdon, 30th July, An Dom.
1666 ; JEtatis sua 54. R. White sc.
Thomas Rawdon was born 1611-12, and at ten years of age was
sent to Bordeaux ; where, in one of the colleges, he learned Latin
and French. He returned to England with the Earl of Bristol; and
in the passage contracted such a friendship with the son, Lord
OF ENGLAND. . 155
George Digby, that a reciprocal kindness remained till their deaths*
During the troubles of King Charles, he was made a captain of a
troop of horse, and afterward a colonel of horse. He was engaged
in both the fights at Newbury : in the first he had one of his horses
slain, and in the second narrowly escaped ; his buff coat being
shot through, near his belly; but the bullet, being deadened, lay
between his doublet and shirt, unknown to him till he pulled off his
clothes. He was afterward sent as the king s agent into Portugal,
and was very much attached to his sovereign, by whom he was con
stantly employed. After travelling abroad he retired to his house
at Hoddesdon, where he died, but was buried at Broxborne.
, A SCOTCH GENERAL.
General THOMAS DALYELL (DALZIEL), who
served Charles the Second at the battle of Worcester,
and thereafter being taken prisoner by the rebels, after
long imprisonment made his escape out of the Tower
of London, went to Muscovy, where he served the Em
peror of Russia as one of the generals of his forces
against the Polanders and Tartars, till the year 1665,
when he was recalled by King Charles the Second ;
and thereafter did command his majesty s forces at the
defeat of the rebels at Pentland Hills, in Scotland ; and
continued lieutenant-general in Scotland, when his
majesty had any standing forces in that kingdom, till
the year of his death, 1685, &c." Z). Patton delin.
P. Vandrebanc sc. h.sh.
THOMAS DALZIEL, in armour. Lizars sc. In
Charles s " Preservation."
Thomas Dalzlel, an excellent soldier, but a singular man, was
taken prisoner, righting * for Charles II. at the battle of Worcester*
* Sec the memoirs referred to t the cud of this article.
156 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
After his return from Muscovy, he had the command of the king s
forces in Scotland ; but refused to serve in that kingdom under the
Duke of Monmouth, by whom he was superseded only for a fort
night. After the battle of Bothwell-bridge, he, with the frankness
which was natural to him, openly reproved the duke for his miscon
duct upon that occasion. As he never shaved his beard since the
murder of Charles I. it grew so long, that it reached almost to his
girdle. Though his head was bald, he never wore a peruke ; but
covered it with a beaver hat, the brim of which was about three
inches broad. He never wore boots, nor above one coat, which had
straight sleeves, and sat close to his body. He constantly went to
London once a year to kiss the king s hand. His grotesque figure
attracted the notice of the populace, and he was followed by a
rabble, with huzzas, wherever he went. See a characteristic account
of him in the " Memoirs of Capt. John Creichton/ in the 1 3th vol,
of Swift s "Works."*
OFFICERS OF THE NAVY.
JAMES, duke of York, lord high-admiral, gained the highest
reputation by his courage on board the fleet, in the first Dutch war.
He understood naval affairs ; and his conduct with respect to the
navy, after he ascended the throne, ought to be remembered to his
honour. He, in this reign, invented the signals used at sea. See
Class I.f
* The following anecdote in Sir John Dalrymple s Memoirs J is also characteristic
of his spirit :
"James (the Second) gained numbers of the Scotch by familiarity. He had long
disgusted them by his distance : the change in his manners was owing to an acci
dent. When the Dutchess of York came first to Scotland, she one day observed
three covers upon the djning-table. She asked the duke for whom the third was in
tended? He answered, for General Dalziel, whom he had asked to dine with him.
The dutchess refused to permit a private gentleman to sit at table witli her. Dalziei,
who had been in the imperial service, entered the room in the mean time ; and,
Bearing the scruples of the dutchess, told her, he had dined at a tabJe where her
father had stood at his back ; alluding to the Duke of Modena s being a vassal of
the emperor. The dutchess felt the reproof, and advised her husband not to offend
the pride of proud men."
t Charles II. never attended to any business, but that of the navy, which he per
fectly understood. If is well known that the naval history of that prince is the most
shining part of the annals of his reign.
$ Vol. i. p. 13t>, 2d edit, notes.
OF ENGLAND. 157
Prince RUPERT, who was brave to temerity, commanded the
fleet in conjunction with the Duke of Albemarle, in 1666. His cou
rage in this war is mentioned with high encomiums by our poets*
and historians : but all these he richly deserved. It was indeed so
great, that it could scarce be exaggerated. In the last Dutch
war, he seemed to retain all the activity and fire of his youth, and
beat the enemy in several engagements. He was succeeded in his
command of vice-admiral, by the Duke of Grafton, in 1682. See
Class I. and X.
GEORGE MONK, duke of Albemarle, who had acquired a great
reputation as a sea-officer, before the restoration, signalized his
courage, in an astonishing manner, in the memorable engagement
with the Dutch, which began the 1st of June, 1666, and continued
four days. He was very near being overpowered by numbers, when
he was joined, on the third day, by Prince Rupert, who ravished the
victory from the enemy s hands. The last display of his courage,
which was equal at least to any other act of his life, was exposing
himself to the cannon shot of the Dutch, when they burnt the
English ships at Chatham. This effort of valour, which looked like
rashness, was then absolutely necessary, to encourage others to do
their duty. The love which the seamen had for him had as great
influence onboard the fleet as his personal bravery. They frequently
called him, " Honest George Monck." See Class II.
EDWARD, earl of Sandwich, a man of clear, as well as fervid
courage, commanded the fleet which brought over Charles the Se
cond. One of the greatest battles ever fought with the Dutch, or
any other enemy, was on the 3d of June, 1665; when this gallant
officer bore with his squadron into the centre of the Dutch fleet, and
presently threw it into that confusion which ended in victory. He
was not only a man of merit in himself, but had also much of that kind
of merit which endeared him to the sailors ; who, after the death of
the Duke of Albemarle, loved and revered him as their father and
protector. See Class III.
SIR EDWARD SPRAGUE (SPRAGGE), krA ad
miral of the blue squadron, 1672, &c.
* See Dryden s "Anuus MirabiJLs" in his Miscellanies, iii. p. 19, 20.
158 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" Si totus (fractus) illabatur orbis,
Impavidum ferient ruinse."
h. sh. mezz. oval.
SIR EDWARD SPRAGGE. E. Harding.
This great and amiable man, who in 1672 succeeded the Earl of
Sandwich in command,* very nearly resembled that nobleman in
courage, benevolence, and sweetness of temper ; and was no less
eminent for his abilities in the cabinet. He was captain of a man
of war in the first engagement with the Dutch, on the 3d of June,
1665; when he so far distinguished himself by his gallant be
haviour, that he was soon after knighted by the king, on board the
Royal Charles. He attracted the particular notice of the Duke of
Albemarle, in the four days battle in 1666; and in another battle,
fought the 25th of July the same year, he contributed greatly to the
In June, defeat of the enemy. He burnt a considerable number of the
*
Dutch fire-ships when they came up the Thames, threw their fleet
into confusion, and pursued it to the river s mouth. In 167 1, he
burnt in the Bay of Bugia, seven Algerine men of war, which had
been selected on purpose to fight him. In the last Dutch war, he
singled out Van Tromp, whom, as he told the king, he was deter
mined to bring alive or dead, or perish in the attempt. After he
had lost two ships in his engagement with the Dutch admiral, and
was preparing to hoist his flag on board a third, a shot from the
enemy sunk him, together with his boat. The generous Tromp did
not only do justice to his valour, but even lamented his death. Ob.
11 Aug. 1673.
GEORGIO AISCUE, Cavalier Ammiraglio, &c.
quarto; 1660.
SIR GEORGE AYSCUE, admiral ; 1666. W. Rich
ardson.
SIR GEORGE AYSCUE ; bust on a pedestal; Svo.
Swame sc.
* Campbell.
OF ENGLAND. . 159
SIR GEORGE AYSCUE, admiral of the English fleet ;
oval ; h. sh.
It is scarce possible to give a higher character of the courage of
this brave admiral, than to say that he was a match for Van Tromp
or De Ruyter ; both whom he engaged in the first Dutch war *
without being conquered. In 1648, when the fleet revolted to
Prince Rupert, he declared for the parliament, and brought the Lion
man of war, which he then commanded, into the river Thames. He
was the next year appointed admiral of the Irish seas, and had a
great hand in reducing the whole island to the obedience of the re
public. In 1651, he forced Barbadoes, and several other British
settlements in America, to submit to the commonwealth. In 1652,
he attacked a Dutch fleet of forty sail, under the convoy of four
men of war : of those he burnt some, took others, and drove the
rest on shore. Lilly tells us, in his Almanack for 1653, that he, the
year before, engaged sixty sail of Dutch men of war, with fourteen
or fifteen ships only, and made them give way. He protested
against Blake s retreat in that desperate action of the 29th of No
vember, 1652, thinking it much more honourable to die by the shot
of the enemy. This, and his great influence over the seamen, are
supposed to have been the reasons for his being afterward dismissed
From his command. He was a short time admiral in Sweden, un
der Charles Gustavus; but returned to England soon after the
restoration. In 1666, he commanded on board the Royal Prince,
the largest ship in the navy, and generally esteemed the finest in
the world. He engaged the Dutch with his usual intrepidity and
success, in that memorable battle which continued four days : but
on the third day his ship ran on the Galloper sand, and he w T as
compelled by his own seamen to strike. He was for some months
detained a prisoner in Holland ; and, during that time, was carried
from one town to another, and exposed to the people by way of
triumph. He never afterward went to sea.
WILLIAM PEN was, from a common man, advanced to the
rank of an admiral by Cromwell, with whom he was a great favour
ite, before he failed in his attempt upon St. Domingo. After the
Protector s death, he was restored to his command, and knighted by
* Before the restoration.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Charles II. He was appointed one of the assessors to the lord
high-admiral, and had a great share of his confidence and favour-
See the INTERREGNUM, Class VIL
JOHN LAWSON, admiral of the English fleet,
1666 (1665) ; in armour ; h. sh. mezz.*
GIOVANNI LAUSSON, Ammiraglio Inglese, &c. in
an oval ; 4 to.
SIR JOHN LAWSON, admiral ; slain 1665 ; kto.
W. Richardson.
Sir John Lawson, who was the son of a poor man at Hull, was,
when he entered into the sea-service, upon the same foot with Pen,
and, like him, rose by regular gradations to an admiral. He was in all
the actions under Blake, who saw and did justice to his merit. .As
he was a man of excellent sense, he made the justest observations
upon naval affairs ; though in his manners he retained much of the
bluntness and roughness of the tarpaulin. He was often advised
with by the Duke of York, who had a high opinion of his judgment.
He acquitted himself with great courage and conduct in many en
gagements with the Dutch; particularly in 1653, when he and Pen
were rewarded with gold chains for their eminent services. The
Algerines, who were robbers by principle and profession, and had
erected piracy into a system of government, were effectually chas
tised by him, and compelled to submit to a more disadvantageous
peace than they had ever made with any of the states of Christen
dom. He was vice-admiral under the Earl of Sandwich, whom he,
for a short time, succeeded in command, when he was dismissed by
the parliament. Though he was in his heart a republican, he
readily closed with the design for restoring the king. He died in
June, 1665, of a shot in the knee, which he received in an engage
ment with the Dutch, off Harwich, when the Dutch admiral was
blown up ; in which he was observed to exceed all that he had done
before.f
* I never heard of any one who had seen this print. W. RICHARDSON.
t The late Col. Richard Norton, of Southwick, in Hampshire, was grandson (o Sir
John Lawson. This gentleman was remarkable for making a very .singular will, in
OF ENGLAND. 161
& SIR THOMAS ALLEN, admiral of the English
fleet, 1666 ; a truncheon in his hand ; h. sh. mezz*
SIR THOMAS ALLEN, JEt. 73, 1685. Knelkrp. Van-
el reb a nc sc. sheet ; fine.
SIR THOMAS ALLEN, &c. E. Reading sc.
This brave and expert officer was the first that entered upon
hostilities against the Dutch, in 1665, by attacking their Smyrna
fleet. The squadron that he commanded consisted but of eight
ships ; but what he wanted in force, he supplied by courage and
conduct. He killed their commodore Brackel, took four merchant
men richly laden, and drove the rest into the bay of Cadiz. On the
25th of July, 1666, he, at the head of the white squadron, fell upon
the Dutch van, entirely defeated it, and killed the three admirals
who commanded that division. The victory of this day, in which
he had a principal hand, was indisputably on the side of the Eng
lish. Then it was that De Ruyter exclaimed, " My God, what a
wretch am I ! among so many thousand bullets, is there not one to
put me out of my pain ?" See the reign of JAMES II.
SIR JOSEPH JORDAN, admiral. Lely p. Tomp-
son exc. large h. sh. mezz.
SIR JOSEPH JORDAN. Lely; W. Richardson ; 4to.
The most memorable action of Sir Joseph Jordan was in the
famous battle of Solebay.f when he fell with his squadron into the M ay 28
midst of the Dutch fleet, and threw it into the utmost confusion. 1672.
which he left his estate to the poor in general, and nominated the two archbishops
his executors; and, in case of their declining the trust, the parliament. His orders
with respect to his funeral, and several of his legacies, were equally extraordinary.
He bequeathed to the late King George several pictures, which now remain in the
royal collection, also a print of St. Cecilia, after a painting of Rapha pl ,t His grand
father s gold chain and medal were left to Mr. Richard Chichley. As the testator
was adjudged to be insane, his will was set aside.
* Query if there is any such print. t Or Southwold Bay.
t I think it was that engraved by Marc Antonio.
VOL. V. Y
162 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
X
The advantage was long on the side of the Dutch, as the English
were overpowered by numbers ; but by this action, the fortune of
the day was reversed, and the English gained the victory. It
should also be remembered, that in this battle he abandoned the
brave and accomplished Earl of Sandwich to the Dutch fire-ships,
in order to succour the Duke of York.
SIR WILLIAM BERKELEY, admiral ; h. sh.
mezz.
SIR WILLIAM HARTLEY,* admiral. P. Ldy p.
R. Tompson exc. h. sh. mezz.
Sir William Berkeley was son of Sir Charles Berkeley, and bro
ther to Charles, earl of Falmouth. He was vice-admiral of the
white squadron, and led the van in the desperate engagement with
the Dutch, which began on the 1st of June, and continued four days.
Prompted by his usual courage, he steered into the midst of the
enemy s fleet, where he was soon overpowered by numbers. He
was found dead in his cabin, covered with blood. Ob. 1 June,
1666.
CHRISTOPHER MINGH (MINNS), 1666, /o/. in
Gualo Hist. Leopoldo.
SIR CHRISTOPHER MINGH (MINNS), admiral; 1666.
W. Richardson ; 4to.
SIR CHRISTOPHER MINGH. Harding.
Sir Christopher Minns was son of an honest shoemaker of London,
from whom he inherited nothing but a good constitution. He was
remarkable, early in life, for a spirit of adventure, and had gained
an estate in the West Indies, before he became an officer of rank
in the navy. He was a man of good understanding, which he dis
covered both in speaking and acting. Though he was affable and
* His name is here spelt according to the popular pronunciation.
OF ENGLAND. 163
familiar with the seamen, no man knew better how to maintain his
authority. The men under his inspection were well paid and fed,
and had always justice done them in the distribution of prizes.
Hence it was, that he was both honoured and beloved. He had, in
the course of his life, often manifested his active and passive cou
rage ; but never in a more extraordinary degree, than at the ap
proach of death. On the fourth day of the famous battle that be
gan the 1st of June, he received a shot in the neck ;* after which,
though he was in exquisite pain, he continued in his command,
holding his wound with both his hands for above an hour. At
length another shot pierced his throat, and laid him for ever at rest.
Ob. 4 June, 1666.f
THOMAS, earl of Ossory, is well known to have sought fame in
every part of Europe, and in every scene of action where it was to
be acquired. In 1666, upon his return from Ireland, he paid a
visit to the Earl of Arlington, at his seat at Euston in Suffolk ;J
where he happened to hear the firing of guns at sea, in the famous
battle that began the 1st of June. He instantly prepared to go on
board the fleet, where he arrived on the 3d of that month ; and had
the satisfaction of informing the Duke of Albemarle, that Prince
Rupert was hastening to join him. He had his share in the glo
rious actions of that and the succeeding day. His reputation was
much increased by his behaviour in the engagement off South wold May 28,
Bay. In 1673, he was successively made rear-admiral of the blue 1672.
and the red squadrons : he having, in the battle of the llth of Au
gust, that year, covered the Royal Prince, on board of which Sir
Edward Spragge commanded, and at length brought off the shat
tered vessel in tow. On the 10th of September following, he was,
* Lloyd, by mistake, says it was in the mouth. See Campbell.
t I am credibly informed that when he had taken a Spanish man of war, and
gotten the commander on board his ship, he committed the care of him to a lieute
nant, who was directed to observe his behaviour. Shortly after, word was brought
to Minns that the Spaniard was deploring his captivity, and wondering what great
captain it could be who had made Don with a long and tedious string of
names and titles, his prisoner. The lieutenant was ordered to return to his charge,
and, if the Don persisted in his curiosity, to tell him that Kit Minns had taken him.
This diminutive name utterly confounded the titulado, threw him into an agony of
grief, and gave him more acute pangs than all the rest of his misfortunes.
$ Euston, or Ewston, is in the " Biographia," p. 1072, said erroneously to be in
Norfolk.
164 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY v ,
by the king, appointed admiral of the whole fleet, during the absence
of Prince Rupert. See Class III.
SIR TRETSWELL HOLLIS (FRETCHEVILLE
HOLLES). Lely p. Browne; h.sh.mezz.
SIR TRETSWELL HOLLIS ; sword in his left hand.
W. Richardson.
SIR TRETSWELL HOLLIS ; oval. Harding sc.
Sir Fretcheville Holies possessed, in a high degree, that courage
for which his family was distinguished. He behaved with his usual
intrepidity in the famous engagement with the Dutch, that continued
four days, in which he unfortunately lost an arm. He was rear-
admiral under Sir Robert Holmes, when he attacked the Smyrna
fleet, which was the first act of hostility in the last Dutch war. He
was killed, with several other brave officers, in the battle of South-
wold Bay, on the 28th of May, 1672.
SIR JOHN CHICHELEY. Lely p. Browne; h. sh.
mezz.
Sir John Chicheley was a rear-admiral under Prince Rupert in
the last Dutch war. When Sir Edward Spragge was like to be
overpowered by the enemy, Sir John, together with the prince, bore
down to his assistance : but notwithstanding the efforts of his
friends, and his own invincible courage, that great man had soon
after the misfortune to lose his life. Sir John Chicheley was one of
the commissioners of the admiralty, and member of parliament for
Newton, in Lancashire, in the reign of William III.
HENRICUS TERNE, armiger, qui, Anno 1660,
Hispanorum VI. navium classem, per IX. horas, solus
sustinuit ; et quamvis graviter saucius, repulit ; primus
ob regem reducem sanguinem fudit : in praelio demum
OF ENGLAND. 165
adversus Batavos, Junii 1, 1666, strenui ducis opera
fungens, fortissimam animam exhalavit. W. Sheppardp.
Gull. Faithorne sc. large h. sh. scarce. This was after
ward altered to the Duke of Monmouth, and the names
of the painter and engraver erased.
CLASS VIII.
SONS OF PEERS WITHOUT TITLES, BARO
NETS, KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, &c.
The Honourable CHARLES CECIL. Vandervaart p.
Lens f. a child with a lamb ; h. sh. mezz.
Charles Cecil was third son to John, the fourth earl of Exeter.
The original painting is at Burleigh-house, near Stamford, in
Lincolnshire.
ROBERT and DOROTHY SIDNEY, son and
daughter of Philip, earl of Leicester; two children
playing with a dog. Lely p. Brown; oblong h. sh.
mezz.
Robert Sidney succeeded his father in title and estate. He died
on the llth of November, 1702.
HENRY SIDNEY, son to Robert, earl of Leicester.
Lely p. Browne; large h. sh. mezz.
HENRY, earl Romney ; in the print of the Lords
Justices of England. Engraved and sold by J. Savage;
rare.
166 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
This gentleman, who was afterward created Earl of Romney,
was the youngest son of Robert, earl of Leicester, and brother to
Earl Philip. He was one of the memorable SEVEN, who invited
William, prince of Orange, over to England, and who subscribed
an association in form, which they sent to Holland. He was, in
the reign of that prince, lord-lieutenant of Ireland, master of the
ordnance, warden of the cinque ports, colonel of the royal regi
ment of foot guards, and one of the privy council. He died a
bachelor in 1700. It is obvious to remark here, that Mr. Swift,
afterward dean of St. Patrick s, has given us an idea of his cha
racter in a few bitter words, but some allowance is, in candour, to
be made for the disordered spleen of the writer, on a most pro
voking occasion. He tells us, " that he applied by petition to
King William, upon the claim of a promise his majesty had made
to Sir William Temple, that he would give Mr. Swift a prebend of
Canterbury or Westminster. The Earl of Romney, who professed
much friendship for him, promised to second his petition; but, as
he was an old, vicious, illiterate rake, without any sense of truth or
honour, said not a word to the king; and Mr. Swift, after long
attendance in vain, thought it better to comply with an invitation
given him by the Earl of Berkeley, to attend him to Ireland as his
chaplain and private secretary."*
The Honourable WILLIAM VERNEY, esq. Lely p.
R. Tompson eve. h. sh. mezz.
Sir Greville Verney, hereafter mentioned, had a son named
William, who died in France unmarried, the 23d of August, 1683.
This may possibly be that son. As he is styled honourable, I have
placed him here, though perhaps he had no right to that title.
t. Bart. " Dominus EDVARDUS BERING, eques aur.
1626^ illustris domini Edvardi Bering, de Surrender! Bering,
in com. Cantii, militis et baronetti, films ex matre op
tima, nee minus illustri, Untona, domini Radulphi
Gibbes, equitis aurati, filia. Pater ob. 1644 : Mater
* Appendix (o " Swift s Life/ by Swift, p, 50, 51.
OF ENGLAND. 167
ob. 1676. 1. Bering s Paternal Coat : 2. Sind a noble
Saxon: 3. Ipre, earl of Kent: 4. Humph, de Bohun,
earl of Hereford, &c." Kneller p. R. White sc. 1687.
This print may serve to correct a mistake in the " English Baro
nets," vol. i. p. 264. The gentleman whom it represents is there
said to be the son and heir of the first Sir Edward Bering, by his
second lady, Anne, daughter of Sir John Ashburnham : Unton,
daughter of Sir Ralph Gibbes, mentioned as above, was his third.
SIR THOMAS ISHAM, baronet. Lehj p. D. Log-
gan exc. large h. sh. mezz.
THOMAS ISHAM, de Lamport, in eomitatu North- Created
amptonise, baronettus. Loggan del. 1676 ; large h. sh.
Supposed to be engraved by Gerard Valck.
Thomas Isham was son of Sir Justinian Isham, of Lamport. He
was a young gentleman of great expectation, but died to the regret
of all that knew him, in 1681, soon after he had finished his
travels.
SIR JOHN LOWTHER, bart. Lely p. Browne exc.
h. sh. mezz.
Sir John Lowther was a gentleman of a very ancient and flou- Created
rishing family, long seated in Westmoreland. He was father of
Sir John Lowther, who, in 1695, was created Viscount Lonsdale,
and was afterward lord privy seal to William III. This family has
been greatly enriched by the colliery at Whitehaven, which has
proved an inexhaustible fund of wealth. The present Sir James
Lowther does not only carry on a very lucrative trade to London,
but also employs a considerable number of vessels to supply the
city of Dublin with coals. Ob. 1675, Mt. 70.
SIR JOHN WEBSTER, bart. Underneath is the
following inscription : " Wollvenhoerst, Cromwick,
Linshotterhaar, part of Maestwick Stuagger Engge,
168 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY,
commissary for the emperor of all Russia and Mos-
covia. Created baronet of England, May the 31st,
1660, by King Charles II. at Gravenhaag. His arms,
of Cattenbrouck, Schaagen, Dengge, part of Isell-
field, Linschooter Engge, in Holland, and the province
of Utrecht, lord ." The first impressions of
this print had eight Latin lines by Barlceus, which were
afterward erased, and the above inscription was substi
tuted in its place.
SIR ROBERT VINER, bart. long hair, black cap,
cloak, 8$c. by Faithorne ; without inscription; h. sh.
very scarce.
Created Sir Robert Viner, goldsmith and banker of London, was a very
10 May, loyal, and no less useful subiect to Charles II. As his credit was
1666. . J
very extensive, he sometimes borrowed large sums of money to
lend the government. The interest paid on these occasions must
have been very considerable, as he paid himself no less than six
per cent. When he entered upon his mayoralty,* the king did him
the honour to dine with him, and he had the honour of drinking
several bottles with his majesty ; an indulgence not unfrequent in
this reign. f He afterward erected an equestrian statue to the king
at Stock s-market : it was done originally for John Sobieski, wha
raised the siege of Vienna, when it was invested by the Turks. J
The fine old house, which belonged to Sir Robert Viner, is now in
the possession of the Reverend Mr. Clarke. It is at Ickenham,
near Uxbridge Common, in Middlesex.
SIR EDWARD HARLEY, knight of the Bath,
1660. Cooper p. Vertue sc. h. sh.
His portrait is at Welbeck.
* The pageant exhibited on the day he was sworn, was a very magnificent one.
It was called Goldsmith s Jubilee, and was designed by Thomas Stephenson.
t See the " Spectator," No. 462.
% Voltaire mentions a remarkable text of a thanksgiving sermon, preached on
this occasion, namely, " There was a man sent from God, whose name was John."
OF ENGLAND. 169
This gentleman, who was knight of the shire for Hereford, at the
same time with Sir Robert Harley his father, gave many signal
proofs of his valour,, at the head of a regiment raised at his own
expense for the service of Charles I. Upon the restoration of
Charles II. he was appointed governor of Dunkirk, and soon after
made a knight of the Bath, He sat in all the parliaments of this
reign, and was a distinguished speaker in the House of Commons.
As he well knew the importance of Dunkirk to the nation, he
made a motion for annexing it to the crown. The parliament
seemed to listen to this proposal, but it was afterward overruled.
He was offered 10,000/. and a peerage, merely to be passive in
the sale of it, but he refused the offer with disdain. He had the
honesty to tell the king, that the artillery and military stores only,
were worth more than Lewis XIV. had ever offered for that fortress.
In the British Museum, is a manuscript by Sir Edward Harley,
which contains many memorable particulars relative to the govern
ment, expenses, and sale of Dunkirk. He was author of " A
scriptural and rational Account of the Christian Religion," 1695,
8vo. Ob. 8 December, 1700.
SIR GREVILE VERNEY, knight of the Bath,
nat. 26 Jan. 1648; ob. 23 JuL 1668. Loggan sc.
large h. sh.
Sir Grevile Verney, who descended from a family which has Created
flourished at Compton Murdac, in the county of Warwick, was
brother to Richard, the first lord Willoughby of Brooke. Much of
the history of this family may be learned from the sumptuous
monuments belonging to it, at Compton Murdac ; or from Sir
William Dugdale s " History of Warwickshire."
HERBERTUS.PERROT, EquesAuratus; shoulder-
knot, arms, fyc. R. White sc.
" Sir Herbert Perrot descended from Sir Owen Perrot, a favou
rite of Henry VII. and related to the Plantagenets and Tudors,
was a man of great wit, large fortune, and extensive charity. He
suffered much in his fortune, by his attachment to the royal party
during the civil wars. He had three wives, by whom he had only
VOL. v. 7.
170 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
one daughter that survived him, who was married to Sir John
Packington, of Westwood, in Worcestershire. Sir Herbert had a
son of both his names, who wrote satires upon the court of Charles
the Second, and was killed by Captain South in the passage of the
Devil Tavern, in Fleet-street. Of this family is the present Sir
Richard Perrot, made memorable lately by the Flint address."*
BAPTIST MAY ; from an original picture by Sir
Peter Ldy, in the collection of R. A. Neville, esq. at
Billingbear. Clamp sc.
Baptist May was keeper of the privy purse, and a page of the
bed-chamber to Charles II. and for a considerable time the agent
and confidant of the intrigues of his royal master ; but falling into
disgrace with the king, he was succeeded in his office as page by
William Chiffinch.
The circumstance of May s being useful to the king in his in
trigues, has been recorded by Anthony Wood, and is confirmed
by one of the pocket books of Mr. Beale, husband of Mrs. Beale,
the pupil of Sir Peter Lely, from which some extracts have been
given in Lord Orford s " Anecdotes of Painting," vol. iii. p. 77.
From the Almanack of 1677, April. " I saw at Mr. Bab. May s
lodgings, at Whitehall, these pictures of Mr. Lely s doing. 1. The
king s picture in buff, half length. 2. First Duchess of York, h. 1.
3. Duchess of Portsmouth, h. 1. 4. Mrs. Gwin, with a lamb, h. 1.
5. Mrs. Davis, with a gold pot, h. 1. 6. Mrs. Roberts, h. 1.
7. Duchess of Cleveland, being as a Madonna, and a babe. 8. Mrs.
May s sister, h. 1. 9. Mr. William Finch, a head by Mr. Hales.
10. Duchess of Richmond, h. 1. by Mr. Anderton." From this
list Mr. May appears to have been master, if not of the living, at
least of the inanimate seraglio.
SIR ROBERT CLAYTON, knt. lord mayor of the
city of London, 1680. J. Riley p. J. Smith/, large
h. sh. mezz.
His statue is at St. Thomas s Hospital.
* Communicated, with other notices, by the reverend Sir John Cullura, of Hard-
wick, in Suffolk, who quotes the Supplement to Kimber s " Baronetage ;" 1771.
OF ENGLAND. 171
Sir Robert Clayton well understood, and sedulously promoted, the
commercial, civil, and religious interests of his country. He was
elected lord mayor in 1679, and was a representative in several
parliaments, for Bletchingly, in Surrey. As he had rendered him
self obnoxious to the Duke of York, by voting for the Exclusion
Bill, he retired from business, and amused himself with building
and planting, after that prince ascended the throne. When the
Prince of Orange was at Henley-upon- Thames, he was sent, in the
name of the city of London, to compliment him on his arrival. He
was appointed commissioner of the customs, soon after the settle
ment of the kingdom. Ob. 1707. Great injustice is done to his
character in the second part of " Absalom and Achitophel."* His
benefactions to Christ s, and St. Thomas s Hospital, will be re
membered to his honour.
SIR JOHN MOOR, knt. lord mayor of the city of
London, 1681, and one of the representatives in par
liament for the said city, &c. Lely p. J. Mac Ardellf.
sitting in a chair. The motto to his arms is " Non
civium ardor." From a private plate, extremely rare,
h. sh. mezz.
Sir John Moor, who was son of a husbandman, at Norton, in
Leicestershire,! became a zealous partisan of the court, about the
time that the king triumphed over his enemies, and was as much
a master of his people as Lewis XIV. had promised to make him.
He nominated two sheriffs, who he knew would be subservient to
the ministry ; and was careful to secure a successor who was as
much devoted to the king as himself. He is characterized under
the name of Ziloah, at the conclusion of the second part of " Ab
salom and Achitophel." I have been informed that the free-school
at Appleby, in Leicestershire, was founded by him.
ROBERT TICHBORNE, on horseback, in the
habit of lord mayor; small h. sh. very rare.
* See the character of Ishban in that poem,
t See Whiston s " Life," p. 16, 2d edit.
172 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ROBERT TJCH BORNE, on horseback t copied from the
above.
ROBERT TICHBORNE, with his seal and autograph;
Svo.
Robert Tichborne was descended from one of the most ancient
families in England, who were seated at Tichborne, about three
miles south of Alnesford, in Hampshire, prior to the conquest.
Being of a younger branch of the family, he determined to try his
fortune in trade, and for a time carried on the business of a linen
draper in the city. He entirely devoted himself to the parliament
party, and launched out in all the popular politics of the times. He
passed through various ranks, until he became a colonel in the par
liament army, and was appointed lieutenant, under General Fairfax,
of the Tower ; and commanded the city of London at his plea
sure. His consequence and power were so great, that he was ap
pointed one of the king s judges ; and after presenting a petition
from the common council of London for the trial, he omitted no
opportunity to shew how far he felt himself interested on the sub
ject, and was absent only on the 12th and 13th days of January ;
and signed the warrant for executing the sentence.
Hitherto Tichborne had obtained no civic honours; but in 1650,
he served the office of sheriff, with Richard Chiverton, in the
second mayoralty of Sir Thomas Andrews, leather-seller ; and in
1656, he became mayor, under the appellation of Sir Robert
Tichborne Skinner. It was during the time that Tichborne was
lord mayor, that the market-house of Saint Paul s churchyard was
built. He was in such high favour and estimation with the Pro
tector, that he was appointed one of his committee of state in 1655,
knighted, and made one of his lords ; and proving true to that in
terest, wished for the restoration of Richard ; yet was named one
of the council of state, and of safety, for 1659; but the restoration
approaching, he fell from his height, to become a prisoner in the
Tower ; at which time he was extremely unpopular, as one who
had sat in the high court of justice, which condemned Dr. Hewit.
He was arraigned at the sessions-house in the Old Bailey, Oct.
10, 1660, and brought to trial on the 16th, and found guilty; but
through a very servile and cringing address to the compassion of
the court, his life was spared, though he did not escape quite free,
OF ENGLAND. 173
but lingered out the remnant of his life in captivity, and died a
prisoner in the Tower.*
SIR GEORGE BOOTH ; from a drawing in the
King s " Clarendon."
GEORGE BOOTH, jirst lord Delamer; Svo. Roddexc.
R. Cooper sc.
Sir George Booth, a gentleman of one of the best fortunes and
interest in Cheshire, and of absolute power with the Presbyterians,
in conjunction with Sir Thomas Middleton, rose in that county, in
favour of Charles II. They had taken possession of the castle and
city of Chester, but Major-general Lambert being sent by the parlia
ment to stop their farther progress, they marched out to encounter
him ; when after a short combat the royalists were routed, and the
next day the gates of Chester opened to Lambert and his victorious
party. Sir George himself made his flight in disguise, but was
taken upon the way and sent prisoner to the Tower, from which he
was released a short time prior to the restoration, and elected to
serve in the first parliament assembled by Charles II. Sir George
Booth was father of Henry, lord De-la- Mer; who had a principal
hand in the revolution.
SIR NICHOLAS CRISPE. R. Cromek sc. from
an original picture in the collection of the Ear I of Leices
ter. In Ly son s " Environs"
This loyal subject was one of the farmers of the customs, and a
rich merchant ; trading principally to the coast of Guinea. He en
tered into business with a larger fortune than most people retire with,
and pursued it with unusual success. With the utmost alacrity he ad
vanced very large sums to supply the necessities of King Charles I.
for whose personal character he appears to have had the greatest
* Tichborne entered into ajl the fanaticism of the times, and in imitation of many
of his canting brethren, commenced author. There is a scarce book, entitled, " A
Cluster of Canaan s Grapes, being several Experimental Truths received through
private communication with God by his Spirit, grounded on Scripture, and presented
to open view for publique edification : by Col. Robert Tichbourn. Lond. 1619."
174 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
veneration. Lloyd speaks in the highest terms of his activity and
enterprise, as well as of the signal services which he rendered the
king ; " Awhile," says he, " you would meet him with thousands of
gold ; another, while in his way to Oxford, riding on a pair of pan
niers, like a butter- woman going to market; at other times he was
a porter carrying on his majesty s interest in London ; he was a
fisherman in one place, and a merchant in another. All the suc
cours which the king had from beyond sea. came through his hands,
and most of the relief he had at home was managed by his con
veyance. As a farther proof of zeal in his majesty s cause, he
raised at his own expense, a regiment of horse, and putting him
self at the head, behaved with distinguished gallantry. When the
king s affairs grew desperate, he retired to France ; but returned
afterward to London, and embarked again in trade with his usual
spirit and success. He lived to see his master s son restored to
the possession of his kingdoms ; by whom he was created a baronet
the year before his death, in 1665, Mt. 67." In Fulham church is
a monument to his memory. See Lysons s Middlesex.
SIR THOMAS ARMSTRONG, executed the 20th
of June, 1684. J. Savage sc. This head is in a large
half sheet, with seven others.
SIR THOMAS ARMSTRONG. W. Richardson.
SIR THOMAS ARMSTRONG ; a ivood-cut.
Sir Thomas Armstrong, who had been a great sufferer in the
royal cause, was very active for Charles II. before the restoration.
His enterprising spirit excited the jealousy of Cromwell, who threw
him into prison, and even threatened his life. He was an avowed
enemy to popery, and engaged with all the zeal that was natural to
him in the service of the Duke of Monmouth. Soon after the new
sheriffs were imposed upon the city by the influence of the court, an
insurrection was planned by the country party, not only in London,
but in several parts of the kingdom. Sir Thomas Armstrong went,
at this time, with the Duke of Monmouth, to view the king s guards ;
in order to judge whether they might venture to attack them in the
projected insurrection. Finding himself obnoxious to the court, he
fled the kingdom ; and his flight was soon followed by an outlawry.
OF ENGLAND. 175
He was seized abroad, and sent to London, where he was con
demned and executed without a trial, and with peculiar circum
stances of rigour, having been conducted to death by those sorrow
ful soldiers who had been accustomed to obey his command. The
king was much exasperated against him, as he believed him to be
the seducer of his favourite son. He, at his death, denied his ever
having any design against his majesty s life.
SIR EDMOND BURY GODFREY. P. Vandre-
bane sc. large sheet.
SIR EDMUND BURY GODFREY, JEt. 57. P. Van-
drebanc sc. large h. sh. Another, smaller, by the same
hand.
SIR EDMOND BURY GODFREY, JEt. 57 ; two Eng
lish verses.
SIR EDMUND BURY GODFREY. Van Hove sc. oc-
togon ; h. sh. A copy of the same, by Nutting.
SIR EDMUND BURY GODFREY ; sold by Arthur
Tooker.
SIR EDMUND BURY GODFREY ; in a large h. sh.
with seven others.
Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey, an able magistrate, and of a fair cha
racter, who had exerted himself in the business of the Popish plot,
was found pierced with his own sword, and several marks of vio
lence on his body. His death, which was imputed to the Papists,
who were then supposed to be the authors of all mischief, was ge
nerally deemed a much stronger evidence of the reality of the plot,
than any thing that Gates either did, or could swear. Even the
foolish circumstance of the anagram of his name, helped to confirm
the opinion of his being murdered by Papists.* His funeral was
* Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey was anagrammatized to, " I find murdered by rogue?."
176 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
celebrated with the most solemn pomp: seventy-two clergymen
preceded the corpse, which was followed by a thousand persons,
most of whom were of rank and eminence. His funeral sermon was
preached by Dr. William Lloyd, dean of Bangor, and afterward
bishop of Worcester. He was found dead, the 17th of October,
1678.
THOMAS THYNNE, esq r . Lely p. Browne; h. sh.
mezz.
THOMAS THYNNE, esq r . Kneller p. White sc. h. sh.
THOMAS THYNNE, esq r . Cooper ; 4to. mezz.
THOMAS THYNNE, esq r . of Longleat, (murdered
1681-2). Claussinfec. 4to.
There is a portrait of him at Longleat.
Thomas Thynne, esq. of Longleat, in Wiltshire, and member of
parliament for that county, was noted for the affluence of his for
tune, and his uncommon benevolence and hospitality. Hence he
gained the epithet of " Tom of ten thousand." He was married
to the Lady Elizabeth Percy, countess of Ogle, sole daughter and
heir of Josceline, earl of Northumberland ; but was murdered in
his coach, before consummation, by three assassins, supposed to
be suborned by Charles, count Koningsmark, a necessitous adven
turer, who had made some advances to the Lady Ogle.* He is the
person meant by the name of Issachar, in Dryden s " Absalom
and Achitophel ;" and is hinted at in the following lines of the
Earl of Rochester. But it ought to be observed, that this author
is sometimes as licentious in his satire, as he is in his other
writings.
" Who d be a wit in Dryden s cudgel d skin,t
Or who d be rich and senseless like Tom ?"
Ob. 12 Feb. 1681-2.
* See an account of this murder in Reresby s " Memoirs," 8vo. p. 13.5.
t Dryden was cudgelled for reflecting on the Duchess of Portsmouth, and the
Earl of Rochester, in his "Essay on Satire," which he wrote in conjunction with
the Earl of Mulgrave.
OF ENGLAND. 177
JOHANNES COTTONUS BRUCEUS,
" Virtus repulsse nescia sordid,
Intaminatis fulget honoribus ;
Nee sumit aut ponit secures,
Arbitrio popularis aurse." Hon.
G-. Kneller p. Vandrebanc sc. large sheet.
SIR JOHN COTTON BRUCE* Kneller p. R. White sc.
1699; 4to.
John Cotton Bruce was the only son of Sir Thomas Cotton, bart.
and grandson to Sir Robert Cotton, the celebrated antiquarian.
This gentleman, who died in 1702, made considerable additions to
the valuable library collected by his grandfather. It consisted of
manuscripts, which, bound up, made about a thousand volumes.
They relate for the most part to English history and antiquities ;
the improvement of which was what Sir Robert chiefly aimed at in
his collections. They were methodically ranged, and placed in
fourteen sets of shelves ; over w r hich were the heads of the twelve
Caesars, Cleopatra, and Faustina. They were purchased of Sir John
Cotton, great grandson of Sir Robert, by Queen Anne ; and are
now deposited in the British Museum. See more concerning the
Cottonian Library, in Ward s " Lives of the Gresham Professors,"
p. 251, 252.
DANIEL COLWAL, esq r . R. White sc. 1681;
h. sh.
DANIEL COLWAL, armiger, &c. h. sh. Before
Dr. Grews "Museum Regalis Societatis" 1681; foL
Daniel Colwal, esq. of the Friary, near Guilford, was a gentleman
of good fortune, the superfluities of which he expended in making a
collection of natural rarities. These he presented to the Royal
Society, and is therefore justly esteemed the founder of their Mu
seum. Of these Dr. Grew has given us a catalogue, which is at
once a proof of the judgment of the compiler and the collector.
VOL. v. 2 A
178 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The most valuable branch of it is the shells,* in the description and
arrangement of which, the ingenious doctor has taken uncommon
pains. Mr. Colwal was at the expense of engraving thirty-one
folio copper-plates for this book. See more of him in Birch s
" History of the Royal Society."
JOHANNES MEEKE, A. M. aute B. Maria?
Magd. (Oxon.) olim alumnus; centum libras annuas
decem scholaribus in eadem aula studentibus, sequa-
liter numerandas, testamento in perpetuum donavit :
eodemq; cavit, ut crescente postmodum terrarum re-
ditu, plures itidem scholares iisdem proportione et
loco alendi, denario numero adjicerentur: anno salutis
reparatae 1665; sheet. He is represented in a lay-habit.
JOHN MEEKE ; in the " Oxford Almanack" 1749.
ROBERTUS FIELDING, aulee Fieldingensis, in
com. Warwici, armig. Lety p. J. V. Vaart fecit. Tomp-
son exc. h. sh. mezz.
ROBERTUS FIELDING, &c. Lety p. Vandervaartf.
h. sh. mezz.
ROBERTUS FIELDING, &c. Wissing p. Becket f.
h. sh. mezz. There is an anonymous mezzotinto of him
fondling a dog.
ROBERT FIELDING ; ship at a distance. G. Knel-
ler p. Becket.
ROBERT FIELDING; in a rich coat; Svo. M. Tom-
kins sc. in Caulfield s " Remarkable Persons."
* This branch of natural history was but little attended to before the reign of
Charles II. The states of Holland made that prince a present of a fine collection,
which he seems to have had but little taste for, as it was presently dissipated.
OF ENGLAND. 179
Robert Fielding, a gentleman cf a good family in Warwickshire,
was sent to London to study the law ; but entering into the fashion
able vices of the town, he presently abandoned all thoughts of that
profession. His person was uncommonly beautiful ; and he stu-
died every art of setting it off to the best advantage. He was as
vain and expensive in his own dress, as he was fantastical in the
dresses of his footmen ; who usually wore yellow liveries, with black
sashes, and black feathers in their hats. As he was fond of ap
pearing in public places, he soon attracted the notice of the ladies.
The king himself was struck with his figure at court, and called
him handsome Fielding. From that moment he commenced the
vainest of all fops : but this circumstance occasioned his being still
more admired, and established his reputation as a beau. The con
tributions which he raised from some of the sex, he lavished upon
others: but he was sometimes forced to have recourse to the gaming
table for supplies, where he was generally successful. He was first
married to the only daughter and heir of Barnham Swift, lord
Carlingford, who was of the same family with the Dean of St.
Patrick s.* Some time after the death of this lady, he, to repair
his shattered fortunes, made his addresses to one Mary Wads-
worth, who assumed the name of Madam Delaune, a lady of
20,000/. fortune. He married this woman; but forsook her as soon
as he discovered the cheat. He afterward espoused Barbara,
dutchess of Cleveland, whom he treated with insolence and bru-
tality.f This occasioned a prosecution against him for bigamy.
He was found guilty, but was pardoned by Queen Anne. His
trial, which is worth the reader s notice, is in print.
ERASMUS SMITH (or SMYTH), esq r . &c. G. W.
(George White)/, h. sh. mezz.
This print is companion to that of Madam Smith, mentioned in
Class XI.
Erasmus Smyth, esq. descended from an ancient and honourable
family, in Leicestershire, was son of Sir Roger Smyth, otherwise
Heriz, of Edmonthorpe, in that county, by his second wife. He
was largely portioned for a younger son, his mother having brought
* See the Appendix to Swift s " Life of Dr. Swift," p. 2.
* Of this shameful marriage, much is said in the Memoirs of Mrs. Mauley. The
handsome Fielding is the Orlando of the Taller.
180 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
a very considerable fortune into the family. He, in the former
part of his life, engaged deeply in the Turkey trade, and became
an alderman of London. Afterward, upon the settlement of Ireland,
in the reign of King William, he, by purchase, acquired a great
and improvable property in that kingdom. When the beneficent
and judicious institutions of charity and public utility were set on
foot there, he gave, for these purposes, lands of great value. This
donation alone would render him memorable as a benefactor.
Having bought the manor of Weald, in Essex, with a good old
seat upon it, he, when advanced in years, married Mary, daughter
of Hugh Hare, lord Colerane, by whom, besides daughters, he had
three sons ; of whom the two elder dying without issue, his estate
devolved to Hugh his third son, who left two daughters, his co
heirs ; namely, Dorothy, who married John Barry, fourth son of
James, earl of Barrymore ; and Lucy, who espoused James, lord
Strange, eldest son of Edward, earl of Derby. These ladies, in
pursuance of their father s will, have borne the name and arms of
Smith and Heriz, in conjunction with their own.*
Hugh, son of Erasmus Smyth, esq. married a paternal aunt of
the present Lord Dacre, who, in the most obliging manner, com
municated to me the above account.
The Rev. Mr. Wasse informs us, that a gentleman, whom he
styles Sir Erasmus Smith, of Essex, offered to adopt the famous
Joshua Barnes, when a schoolboy at Christ s Hospital, and settle
2000/. a year upon him, on condition that he would change his
name. His father, though in mean circumstances, resolved to be
passive in this important affair, and left it entirely to his son s
option, who refused the offer.f This gentleman was probably of
the same family, though it does not appear that he was the same
person with Erasmus Smith, esq.J
CURWEN RAWLINSON, of Cark, esq r . son of
Robert Rawlinson ; Ob. 1689; JEt. 48. Nutting sc.
* For the family of Smyth, see Burton s " Leicestershire," Guillim s "Heraldry,"
and Morant s " Essex."
t See the story at large in Mr. Wasse s letter in the " General Dictionary,"
article BARNES.
J Since the above article was written, I was informed that a gentleman of both his
names, was founder of a lecture of oratory arid history, in Trinity College, Dublin.
OF ENGLAND. . 181
In the same plate with several others of the Rawlinson
family;
This person was son and heir of Robert Rawlinson, of Cark, in
Lancashire, esq. He married Elizabeth, second daughter and
coheir of Nicholas Monck, bishop of Hereford, by whom he was
father of Christopher Rawlinson, esq. of whom there is an engraved
portrait.
ROBERTUS STAFFORD, de Bradfield, in comi-
tatu Berks, armiger.*
" Spirantes siquis tabulas animataque signa
Viderit, in multa queis Myosf arte labor ;
Quam bene Staffordium dicat ? Mentitur imago ;
Expressit dominum quam male ficta suum ?
Novimus has sculptor veneres, hos frontis honores ;
Amphitryonides de pede notus erat.
Sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat;
Multa tamen ccelo quam bene digna latent ?
Archetypo abludit queevis transcripta tabella,
Quin si vis similem fingere, finge Deum."
This head is one of Loggan s capital performances.
It appears from the above inscription, that this gentleman was
remarkable for the beauty of his person ; and he is, indeed, repre
sented very handsome. He was one of the sons of Sir Edward
Stafford, of Bradfield, in Berkshire, by Mary, sole daughter of Sir
William Forster, of Aldermarston, in that county. Several of the
family are mentioned in Mr. Ashmole s " Diary," that gentleman
having married his mother.}:
* Stafford Robert. I find a gentleman of this name mentioned as a great friend
of Col. Sackville and of Mr. Dryden; and that he, with others, assisted the latter
in the ^Eneid, for which purpose he translated the 8th and 10th eclogues, and the
episode on the death of Camilla, llth book of the ^Eneid. He also translated
the 8th Satire of the first book of Horace. SIR WILLIAM MUSGBAVE.
t Sic Orig.
$ This lady was married, after Sir Edward Stafford s decease, to Mr. ITamlyn ;
next to Sir Thomas Manwaring, knt. recorder of Reading ; and lastly to Mr. Ash-
mole. She lived in very little harmony with her last husband, against whom she
commenced a suit at law for alimony, on very frivolous pretences. When the
182 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIAM BLUCK, esq r . Kneller p. R. White sc.
h. sh.
The true and lively portraiture of MARMADUKE
RAWDON, sonne of that worthy gentleman Lawrance
Rawdon, late of the cittie of York, alderman ; he was
borne in Yorke the 17th of March, An Dom. 160A.
MARMADUKE, the youngest son of Lawrance Raw-
don, was a great benefactor to the city of York ; and
built, at his sole expense, the cross in that city, &c. &c.
R. White sc. 4to.
The true and lively portraiture of MARMADUKE
RAWDON, of Hodsdon, esquire ; second son of that
valliant collonel and worthy knight Sir Marmaduke
Rawdon, of Hodsdon. He was born in London,
16 August, 1621. R. White sc.
Marmaduke (Collins says, third son) was brought up at Cam
bridge, and was a fellow-commoner in Jesus College. His father
afterward sent him unto his kinsman Mr. Marmaduke Rawdon, to
the Canary Islands ; where, having learnt the Spanish tongue, he
returned to England, after which he returned into France. In the
time of the civil wars he was in the royal interest, and did his ma
jesty great service; after whose death he travelled into several
countries, and merchandised.
Mr. Thoresby and Mr. Collins mention several persons of the
Rawdon family of the name of Marmaduke : namely, 1. Sir Mar-
cause came to a hearing, Serjeant Maynard observed to the court, " that there were
eight hundred sheets of depositions on his wife s part, and not one word proved
against him of using her ill, or ever giving her a bad or provoking word." Ashmole s
" Diary," 12mo. 1717, p. 34. It appears in the same page, that she was deli
vered back to her husband the next day.
OF ENGLAND. 183
maduke Rawdon, of whom there is an account below.* 2. Mar-
mad uke, his third son, who was bred to merchandise. 3. Marma
duke, son of Laurence Rawdon, alderman of York, and nephew to
Sir Marmaduke. This gentleman was a benefactor to that city.
He gave a bowl of solid gold to the corporation ; 100/. to the poor
of the parish of St. Crux ; and erected a cross, near the pavement,
on which is his bust. He died in 1688, in the 58th or 59th year of
his age. He was author of a manuscript account of the family, of
which Mr. Thoresby had the perusal. One of the heads above-
mentioned is his portrait. 4. Marmaduke, eldest son of Col. Tho
mas Rawdon, who was himself the eldest son of Sir Marmaduke.
See more of this family in Thoresby s " Ducatus Leodiensis," and
Collins s " Baronetage."
The true and lively portraiture of WILLIAM RAW-
DON, of Bermondsey Court, in the county of Surrey,
gentleman; born in London, the 21st of April, 1619.
R. White sc.
JOHANNES COCKSHUTTf (COCKSHUIT), no-
bilis Anglus. D. Logganf. h. sh.
John Cockshuit, a gentleman of the Inner Temple, was one of
the many admirers of the works of Dr. Henry More. That au
thor s writings were much in vogue in this reign ; particularly his
* Sir Marmaduke Rawdon, who descended from the ancient family of that name,
near Leeds, in Yorkshire, was a very eminent merchant in the reigns of James and
Charles I. He was at the expense of fitting out a ship for the discovery of a north
west passage, and was one of the first planters of Barbadoes. He traded to France,
Spain, the Levant, Canaries, and the West Indies ; was consulted as an oracle in
matters of trade ; and frequently pleaded for the merchants at the council-board.
He was governor of Basing-house in the civil war, where he distinguished himself as
a soldier; killing, in one sally, three thousand men, though he had not above five
hundred fighting men in the garrison. The king conferred on him the honour of
knighthood for this heroic exploit. It is remarkable, that the Marchioness of Win
chester and her maids cast the lead of the turrets into bullets, to supply the men for
this sally. He was relieved, at the last extremity, by the famous Colonel Gage,
whose memorable story is in Lord Clarendon s " History."
t So spelt by Mr. Ames.
184 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" Mystery of Godliness*" He left 300/. for translating into Latin
this book, his " Mystery of Iniquity," and his " Philosophical Col
lections." His head belongs to the translation of the last-mentioned
work. Ob. 1669,^. 30.
SLINGSBY BETHEL, esq. one of the sheriffs of
London and Middlesex, in 1680 ; gold chain, livery-
gown, 8$c. Sherwin sc. whole length ; sh. scarce.
SLINGSBY BETHEL ; small whole length. W. Rich-
ardson.
Slingsby Bethel, an independent, and consequently a republican,
was one of the most zealous and active of that party who were for
excluding the Duke of York from the crown. He understood trade,
and seems to have been well acquainted with those maxims by which
an estate is saved as well as gotten. After riches poured in upon
him, his economy was much the same as it was before. Parsimony
was so habitual to him, that he knew not how to relax into gene
rosity upon proper occasions ; and he was generally censured for
being too frugal in his entertainments when he was sheriff of
London.
" Chaste were his cellars, and his shrieval board
The grossness of a city feast abhorr d;
His cooks with long disuse their trade forgot,
Cool was his kitchen, though his brains were hot."
DRYDEN S " Absalom and Achitophel."
He was author of a book entitled, " The Interest of the Princes
and States of Europe;" 8vo. Lond. 1694. At the end is a narra
tive of the most material debates and passages in the parliament
which sat in the protectorate of Richard Cromwell. This was first
printed by itself in 1659. He was also author of "Observations
on a Letter written by the D. of B." and " The World s Mistake
in Oliver Cromwell/
EDWARD BACKWELL (or BAKEWELL), esq. ;
his own hair, lace-band, flowered gown, laced ruffles, a
OF ENGLAND. 185
watch and portrait of Charles II. on a table : at a dis
tance a ship under sail; arms; sh.
The copper -plate of this print is in the possession of
Mr. Praed, the banker.
EDWARD BACKWELL. W. Richardson.
Edward Backwell, alderman of London, was a banker of great
ability, industry, and integrity ; and what was a consequence of his
merit, of very extensive credit. With such qualifications, he, in a
trading nation, would in the natural event of things, have made a for
tune, except in such an age "as that of Charles the Second, when the
laws were overborne by perfidy, violence, and rapacity ; or in an age
when bankers become gamesters instead of merchant-adventurers ;
when they affect to live like princes, and are, with their miserable
creditors, drawn into the prevailing and pernicious vortex of luxury.
Backwell carried on his business in the same shop which was after
ward occupied by Child, an unblemished name, which is entitled to
respect and honour ; but was totally ruined upon the shutting up of
the exchequer. He, to avoid a prison, retired into Holland, where
he died. His body was brought for sepulture, to Tyringham church,
near Newport Pagnel, in Buckinghamshire.*
JOHN KENRICK, esq. M. 29. Kneller p. 1681.
Vertue sc. whole length ; sh.
John Kenrick, esq. an eminent and respectable merchant of Lon
don, was father of the very worthy Dr. Scawen Kenrick, late sub-
dean and prebendary of Westminster, minister of St. Margaret s,
and rector of Hambleden, in Buckinghamshire ; whose charity,
humanity, and benevolence, flowing from one of the gentlest and
best of hearts, gained him esteem and love. Such was his conde
scension and goodness, / speak from personal knowledge, that he
would, without debasing himself, treat the poor as his brethren ;
* Among Sir William Temple s " Letters," is one addressed to hint. It relates
to tlie sale of tin for Charles II. and intimates the zeal of the alderman for his ma
jesty s service, and that he was esteemed by the writer as a friend.
VOL. V. 2 B
186 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and the meanest of the clergy, if not totally devoid of merit, as his
friends ; nor was he ever known to despise, much less to insult or trample
on, a man merely because he happened to be of a low rank in the church,
or dependent upon him as his curate.*
Dr. Kenrick had a sister named Martha, who married Sir Wil
liam Clayton, baronet. John, their father, as I am informed, died
in 1730. His picture, whence the print was taken, was burnt in the
piazza, in Covent-garden, in 1709, having been sent thither to
be cleaned by Anderson, a painter.
It should be observed, that the memorable John Kenrick, or
Kendrick, who left the poor, particularly of Reading and Newbury,
above 20,000/. was of the same family ;f as was also, most pro
bably, John Kendrick, who was sheriff of London in 1645, and
lord-mayor in 1652.J
RICHARD SMITH, Virtuoso and Litera,
Ob. 1675. W. Sherwin ; extra rare. In the collection
of Sir M. Masterman Sykes, bart.
Richard Smith, son of Richard Smith (a clergyman and native of
Abingdon), was born at Lillingston Barrel, in the county of Bucks,
and was placed as clerk to an attorney in the city of London. He
* See more of this worthy person in " The Man without Guile ;" an excellent
sermon preached on occasion of his death, by Dr. John Butler, 1753.$
t See " The last Will and Testament of Mr. John Kendricke, late Citizen and
Draper of London," 1625; 4to.
J Slew s " Survey of London," by Strype, book iv. p. 144, 145.
I had drawn at full length, and almost finished, the character of " THE MAN
WITHOUT A HEART," as a contrast to " THE MAN WITHOUT GUILE." This would
have made, what the booksellers call a sixpenny touch and, I am confident, would
have been thought the most spirited likeness that I ever drew. But, to avoid the im
putation of malevolence, though it was dictated by mirth || rather than spleen, I
committed it to the flames, as a sacrifice to humanity. This has given me more
solid satisfaction than any transient pleasure that 1 could possibly have received
from forcing. a smile, or gaining the approbation of the few who thoroughly know the
man : whose name, though he, in the wantonness of wealth and insolence, with
out provocation, has repeatedly stung me to the heart, will ever remain in it a pro
found secret, as I have absolutely forgiven him.
|l Ridentem dicere verum
Quid vetat? . ~
OF ENGLAND. 187
became secondary of the Poultry Compter, a situation worth about
700/. a year ; but on the death of his son in 1655, he sold it, and
being a great collector of books and MSS. he retired and lived pri
vately in Little Moorfields. He was of an excellent temper and
of strict justice. He died in 1675, and was buried in the church of
St. Giles, Cripplegate. His extensive library was sold after his
death, and produced the sum of 141 41. 12*. lie?. See an account
of his writings in Wood s " Athenae Oxonienses," vol. ii. p. 394.
See also Dibdin s " Bibliographical Romance," and " The Biblio
graphical Decameron," vol. iii. p. 274.
JOHN MOYSER, esq. of Beverly, in Yorkshire.
F. Place f.
This gentleman was an intimate friend of Mr. Place, and occa
sionally visited him for months at a time ; during one of which
visits, the plate was engraved. This print, with the rest of Place s
works, is very scarce.
LEONARDUS GAMMON, generosus ; falling
band.
* * # # # #
SAMUEL MALINES. Claret p. Lombart sc.
SAMUEL MALINES. Claret p. Lodge f.
* # # * * * #
MR. PHILIP WOOLRICH. J. Greenhillp. P.P.
(Francis Place) f. in armour ; 4to. mezz.
This person was probably a private gentleman of Mr. Place s ac
quaintance, who did the portraits of several of his friends in mezzo-
tinto. He and the two preceding may perhaps belong to another
class.
188 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
\ i
GENTLEMEN IN INFERIOR CIVIL
EMPLOYMENTS.* f* ^.-X^
" The Honourable SIR HENRY COKER, of the
county of Wilts, kn*. high sheriff, Anno 1663 ; col. of
horse and foot to King Charles I. col. to the king of
Spain ; and col. to his majesty that now is, of the ser
vice at Worcester : now gentleman of the privy-
chamber, 1669." W. Faithorne advivumf. h, sh.
There is a short account of a family of this name in a " Survey
of Dorsetshire," published in folio, 1732, from a manuscript of the
Rev. Mr. Coker of Mapowder in that county. The author tells us,
that the Cokers of that place derived their name from Coker in
Somersetshire, where they were anciently seated ; and that Edward
Seymour, duke of Somerset, ancestor to the present duke, descended
from it : that the branch of the family, which has long flourished at
Mapowder, were very fortunate in marriages with the heirs of
Norris, Walleis, and Veale : and that the Cokers of Ashbosom are
a distinct family. As Wiltshire and Dorsetshire are contiguous
counties, it is probable that this gentleman was of the ancient house
of Coker : quaere. I knew one gentleman of the name, who lived
at Knoyle, near Hindon, in Wiltshire.
SIR EDWARD WALPOLE. $. Harding del.
Birril sc. From an original at Strawberry Hill ; in
Cove s " Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole"
Sir Edward Walpole, only son and heir of Robert Walpole, born
at Hough ton, 1621 ; married 1649, Susan, second daughter and co
heir of Sir Robert Crane, of Chilton, in the county of Suffolk,
knight and bart. He was elected a member for the borough of
* By inferior civil employments is meant such as are inferior to those of the great
officers, &c. in the preceding classes. Perhaps some of the heads in tins class may
be as properly placed in the fifth.
OF ENGLAND. 189
Kings Lynn, in the parliament which voted the return of Charles II.
He and his father joined with Sir Horatio Townshend (afterward
Viscount Townshend), in fortifying the haven of Kings Lynn, and
raising forces for his majesty s reception, in case the king should not
be peacefully restored ; for which service he was made one of the
knights of the Bath, 1661 ; four days before the coronation of
Charles II. Being again elected a member of Lynn in the long
parliament, the corporation had such a sense of his integrity and
services in the House of Commons, that they made him a present
of a noble piece of place. Ob. 1667, 2Et. 46.
THOMAS KILLEGREW,* &c. W m Sheppardp.
Faithorne sc. h. sh.
THOMAS KILLEGREW, &c. Wissing p. Vander-
vaart f. large 4ft? . mezi
SIR THOMAS KILLEGREW. Tempest exc. Svo. mezz.
THOMAS KILLEGREW, dressed like a pilgrim ; no
name, but these two verses :
" You see my face, and if you d know my mind
? Tis this : I hate myself, and all mankind."
h. sh. mezz.
His portrait, together with that of the Lord Colerane,
is engraved by Faithorne. They are called the princely
shepherds. The print is supposed to have been done for
a masque.
THOMAS KILLEGREW ; in an octagon. Cooper pin.
E. Scriven sc.
THOMAS KILLEGREW ; in Harding s " Grammont."
V. Bergh sc.
* His name is sometimes spelt Killigrew.
190 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY.
THOMAS KILLEGREW. Van Hove; Svo.
THOMAS KILLEGREW, without his name; sitting,
leaning on a table; a quartered cap and gown; lined
with a great many female heads. W. Hollar sc. scarce.
There is another French print from the above, by
A. Bosse.
Thomas Killegrew was page of honour to Charles I. and gentle
man of the bed-chamber to Charles II. who, in 1651, appointed him
his resident at Venice. He was a man of wit and humour, and fre
quently entertained the king with his drollery. As Charles was
wholly engrossed by his pleasures, and was frequently in his mis
tress s apartment when he should have been at the council-board,*
Killegrew used the following expedient to admonish him of his ex
treme negligence in regard to the affairs of the kingdom. He
dressed himself in a pilgrim s habit, went into the king s chambers,
and told him that he hated himself and the world, that he was
resolved immediately to leave it, and was then entering upon a pil
grimage to hell. The king asked him what he proposed to do
there. He said " to speak to the devil to send Oliver Cromwell to
take care of the English government, as he had observed, with
regret, that his successor was always employed in other business/
See Class IX. See also the Interregnum, Class V.
SIR THOMAS NOTT, knt. one of the gentlemen-
ushers in ordinary of the honourable privy-chamber to
his present majesty King Charles II. R. White ad
vivum del. et sc. 1678; laced band.
SIR THOMAS NOTT, knt. &c. W. Richardson,
Sir Thomas Nott, who was well known, and much esteemed for
his learning and genteel accomplishments, was elected a fellow of
the Royal Society, soon after its incorporation by Charles II.
* When love was all an easy monarch s care ;
Seldom at council, never in a war. POTE.
OF ENGLAND.
* SIR EDWARD GAGE, bart. from the original at
Hengrave. R. Cooper sc. 4 to. in Gage s " History and
Antiquities of Hengrave, in Suffolk"
Sir Edward Gage, on whom his mother settled the manor of Hen-
grave, was created a baronet by King Charles the Second, on the
15th of July, 1662; a mark of the royal favour, said to have been
conferred at the dying request of colonel Sir Henry Gage ; whose
meritorious services in the royal cause had been very eminent.
This baronet was five times married. By Mary, daughter of Sir
William Hervey, who died on the 13th of July, 1654, he had issue,
Sir William Gage, his heir, and two daughters ; Penelope, wife of
Edward Sulyard, of Haughley-park, in Suffolk ; and Mary, wife of
William Bond, of St. Edmund s Bury; brother of Sir Thomas Bond,
baronet. Sir Edward s second wife was Frances, daughter of
Walter, second Lord Aston. This lady died in child-birth of a son,
Francis Gage, who inherited from his mother Packington-hall, in
Staffordshire, and left by Elizabeth, his wife, only child of John
Devereux, of the island of Mont-serrat, one son, Devereux Gage,
who died without issue. By Anne Watkins, his third wife, Sir
Edward Gage had issue, Edward, who died young. The fourth
marriage was with Lady Elizabeth Fielding, daughter of George
Fielding, earl of Desmond, K. B. a younger son of William, first
earl of Denbigh, by Susan, sister of George Villiers, duke of Buck
ingham. There was issue of this marriage, four sons ; George,
James, John, and Henry, and two daughters ; Catherine, who died
abroad, and Basilia, a maid of honour to Mary d Este, queen to
James the Second. Sir Edward married fifthly, Bridget Fielding,
also of the Denbigh family, widow of - Slaughter. She died
without issue in the year 1702, and Sir Edward Gage having
attained his 90th year, died in 1707, and was interred at Hengrave.
TOBIAS RUST AT, esq. Sixteen Latin verses ;
" Quantum est quod Ccelo ac Terris Rustate dedisti?" &c.
emblem of charity, with her children ; h. sh. mezz. ex
tremely scarce.
TOBIAS RUSTAT. SirP.Lely* Gardiner; 1796;
192 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Tobias Rustat was keeper of the palace of Hampton-court, and
yeoman of the robes to Charles II. This gentleman, sensible how
much youth of a liberal turn of mind must suffer for want of a com
petent subsistence at the university, what a check poverty is to a
rising genius, and what an ill effect the want of common advantages
of society has upon a man s future behaviour and conduct in life,
bestowed a considerable part of his fortune upon young students at
Oxford and Cambridge. He gave 1000/. to purchase 50/, a year;
the income of which was chiefly to be applied to the augmentation
of thirteen poor fellowships at St. John s College, in Oxford.* He
founded eight scholarships at Jesus College, in Cambridge, for the
orphans of poor clergymen. He was a considerable benefactor to
Bridewell, in London, and contributed liberally towards the build
ing of St. Paul s church. The brazen statue of Charles II. in the
middle of the great court at Chelsea hospital, and the equestrian
statue of him at Windsor, were erected at his expense. This very
charitable person, who while he lived was a blessing to the poor and
to the public, died, to the great regret of all that knew his worth, in
1693.f
MR. CHIFFINCH ; from an original picture in the,
collection of Lord Verulam, at Gorhambury. Clamp sc.
Ato.
* See particulars in " Terras Filius," No, 49.
t Here follows his epitaph, taken from p. 145 of " Collectanea Cantabrigiensia,"
by Francis Blomefield.
" Tobias "Rustat, yeoman of the robes to King Charles II. whom he served, with
all duty of faithfulness, in his adversity as well as prosperity. The greatest part of
the estate he gathered by God s blessing, the king s favour, and his industry, he
disposed (of) in his lifetime, in works of charity4 He found, the more he be
stowed upon the churches, hospitals, universities, and colleges, and upon poor
widows of orthodox ministers, the more he had at the year s end : neither was he
unmindful of his kindred and relations, in making them provisions out of what
remained. He died a bachelor, the 15th day of March, in the year, &c. 1693,
aged 87 years."
t In a letter of Tobias Rustat, esq. (communicated by Joseph Gulston, esq.) his
great nephew, now living, are these words : " It appears, that from no very plen
tiful fortune, he gave in all 10,735/. in benefactions, long before his death; most of
them near thirty years."
OF ENGLAND. 193
William Chiffinch, or Cheffing, was one of the pages of the bed
chamber to Charles the Second, and keeper of the king s cabinet
closet. Wood, in enumerating the king s supper companions, says,
"they met either in the lodgings of Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth,
or in those of Cheffing, near the back stairs, or in the apartment of
Eleanor Gwynn, or that of Baptist May : but he losing his credit,
Cheffing had the greatest trust among them." So great was the
confidence reposed in him, that he was the receiver of the secret
pensions paid by the court of France to the king of England. He
was also the person who was intrusted to introduce Hudlestone, a
popish priest, to Charles the Second on his death-bed, for the pur
pose of giving him extreme unction.
Sir Edward Walker, garter principal king at arms, gave a grant
of arms and crest gratis to William Chiffinch. It appears that he
had an elder brother named Thomas, who, in 1664, received a
similar favour from Sir Edward Walker, by the name of Thomas
Chiffinch, esq. one of the pages of his majesty s bed-chamber,
keeper of his private closet, and comptroller of the excise. He
and Elias Ashmole were made joint comptrollers of excise, 13th of
Charles II.
THOMAS WINDHAM,* esq. Sir Ralph Cole,
bart. p. R. Tomson exc. h. sh. mezz.
In the last edition of Guillim s " Heraldry," published 1724, fol.
is a coat of arms of a gentleman of both his names. Under the
achievement is the following account :
" This coat is also born by Thomas Windham, of Tale, in Devon
shire, esq. one of the grooms of his now majesty s bed-chamber,
third son of Sir Edmund Windham, of Cathanger, in Somersetshire,
knight, marshal of his majesty s most honourable household, and
lineally descended of the ancient family of Windham, of Crown-
thorp, in Norfolk." The same account was certainly printed in a
former edition of Guillim ; but it is not sufficiently clear whether
Charles II. or some other prince be meant by " his now majesty."
I conclude the former.
* Sometimes spelt Wyndham.
VOL. V. 2 C
194 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
EMERY HILL, esq. T. Trotter del. et sculp. Founder
of the alms-houses and free-school, in Rochester-row,
Toth ill-fields, Westminster.
In St. Margaret s, Westminster, is a monument, sacred to the
memory of that great example of piety and true Christianity, Mr.
Emery Hill, a person accomplished with all Christian graces and
virtues, and most eminent for his charity. 06. 1677, Mt. 68. See
a list of his charities in Maitland, &c.
" t
, r JOHN SNELL ; in the " Oxford Almanack" 1742.
John Snell, bom at Comonall, in Carrick, in the sheriffedom of
Ayre, in Scotland, received his education in the university of Glas
gow, and was afterward clerk under Sir Orlando Bridgman, and
cryer of the court of Exchequer and Common Pleas, during the
time Sir Orlando was lord chief-baron and chief-justice, and after
ward seal-bearer, when he was lord-keeper. Being much esteemed
for his great diligence and acuteness, he was employed by .James,
duke of Monmouth, and Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury. He died
1679, 2Et. 50; and left a considerable estate in Warwickshire, to
the university of Oxford, for the maintenance of scholars from the
university of Glasgow.
JOHN CAREW ; a small head in the frontispiece to
the " Lives, Speeches, and private Passages of those
Persons lately executed ;" London, 1661.
JOHN CAREW ; a head in an oval seal, and auto
graph ; Svo.
Mr. Carew was descended from an ancient and honourable fa
mily, long seated in Cornwall, and was second son of Sir Richard
Carew, of Anthony, in that county, created a baronet by Charles I.
in 1641. This gentleman was extremely unfortunate in his two
eldest sons, though they suffered death in different causes ; the
eldest, Sir Alexander, was one of the knights of the shire for Corn
wall, in 1640 ; and for a time appeared (as he certainly was by prin-
OF ENGLAND. 195
ciple) firmly attached to the republican interest. He had received
a commission in the parliament army, and was governor of St. Ni
cholas island, near Plymouth ; but on the success of the royalists in
the west of England, fearing the loss of his estate, which was large
in that quarter, he deserted the parliament army, and went over to
that of the king. Shortly after, however, falling into the hands of
the prevailing power, he was brought to a court-martial for deser
tion, found guilty, and beheaded on Tower-hill, Dec. 23, 1644.
He affected great religion and humility at his death, and confessed
it was more from the fear of losing his estate than affection for the
royal cause, that prompted him to act in the way he had done.
Mr. John Carew, on the contrary, whatever his other failings
might be, was consistent in firmly supporting, to the last moment of
his existence, the principles he first set out with in public life. He
was returned to serve in the Long Parliament, as one of the mem
bers for the borough of Tregony, in Cornwall; and, in 1646, two
years after the execution of his brother, so constant was his affection
to the cause of the parliament, that it appointed him one of the
commissioners to receive the king at Holdenby. Cromwell, Ireton,
Ludlow, and the other principal leaders of the republicans, were so
well convinced of his political opinions, that he was one of the first
named in the commission to try the king : nor were they mistaken
in the knowledge of the man, for he sat every day, both in the
Painted Chamber and Westminster Hall, in which they met ; and
put his hand and seal to the warrant for carrying the sentence into
execution.
During the life of the Protector, Mr. Carew lived in great retire
ment ; but on the coming over from Holland of King Charles II. he
was apprehended, and conveyed to London, in order to his being
brought to trial ; in most of the towns he passed through on the
way, the generality of the people reviled him in the following terms :
" Hang him, rogue ;" " Pistol him," said others. " Hang him up,"
said some at Salisbury, " at the next sign-post, without farther
trouble." " Look," said others, " how he doth not alter his coun
tenance ; but we believe he will tremble when he comes to the lad
der. This is the rogue will have no king but Jesus." Indeed, the
rage of the people all the way was such, that had he not been armed
with the greatest fortitude, he must have sunk under the torrent of
abuse hurled around him on every side.
Mr. Carew was brought to trial at the Old Bailey, before Judge
Foster, Oct. 12, 1660 ; and after a verv small time of consultation
196 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
by the jury amongst themselves at the bar, they brought in a verdict
of guilty. Three days after, Oct. 15, he was drawn on a hurdle
from Newgate to Charing-cross, and there executed : which being
done, his quarters were begged by his brother of the king, and by
him were buried.
GREGORY CLEMENT; a small head in the fron
tispiece to the " Lives, Speeches, and Passages, of the
Regicides ;" Svo.
GREGORY CLEMENT ; with his seal and autograph ;
Gregory Clement, a citizen and merchant of London, was a man
of considerable reputation and estate, which he greatly improved by
trading to Spain ; having obtained a seat in the Long Parliament in
1646, he cordially joined with those who were most affectionate and
ready to serve the Commonwealth, though it does not appear he
ever possessed any place of profit under the republican government.
He became particularly obnoxious to the episcopal and cavalier
party, by his purchasing the sequestered estates of the bishops, by
which he is reported to have made a considerable fortune. He was
considered of such consequence, both with the army and parliament,
that he was put into the commission to try the king, and is reported
to have said on that occasion, " He durst not refuse his assist
ance." He attended the high court of justice all the days in West
minster Hall; and in the Painted Chamber, the 8th, 22d, and 29th,
of January ; and set his hand and seal to the warrant to put the
king to death.
On the restoration of Charles the Second, he was absolutely ex-
cepted from pardon, both as to life and estate; and was appre
hended May 26, 1660, and sent to the Tower; at which time an
order came to secure the property of all those who had sat in judg
ment upon the late king. Ludlow gives a very extraordinary ac
count of the manner in which he was discovered : he says, " Mr.
Gregory Clement, one of the king s judges, had concealed himself
at a mean house near Gray s Inn; but some persons having ob
served that better provisions were carried to that place than had
been usual, procured an officer to search the house, where he found
Mr. Clement; and presuming him to be one of the king s judges,
OF ENGLAND. 197
though he knew him not personally, carried him before the com
missioners of the militia of that precinct. One of these commis
sioners, to whom he was not unknown, after a slight examination,
had prevailed with the rest to dismiss him ; but as he was a,bout to
withdraw, it happened that a blind man, who had crowded into the
room, and was acquainted with the voice of Mr. Clement, which was
very remarkable, desired he might be called in again, and de
manded, if he was not Mr. Gregory Clement ? The commissioners
not knowing how to refuse his request, permitted the question to be
asked; and he not denying himself to be the man, was, by that
means, discovered." He was brought to trial, Oct. 12, 1660 : and at
first pleaded not guilty, but waving his plea, he confessed himself
guilty; at the same time presenting a petition in court praying
mercy of the king.
During the time of his imprisonment, and after conviction, he
was remarked for his great taciturnity, seldom or ever having con
versation with any one ; but when he found his petition of no avail,
and that he must expiate his offence by death, he said, that nothing
troubled him so much as his pleading guilty at the time of his trial,
which he did to satisfy the importunity of his relations ; by which
he had rendered himself unworthy to die in so glorious a cause.
He was executed at Charing-cross, on the 17th of October, 1660;
going from Newgate on the same sledge with Mr. Scot. He made
no speech ; for being asked by the sheriff if he had any thing to say,
he replied, " No :" upon which execution was done ; and being
quartered, his head was set upon London-bridge. It is not to be
much wondered at, that he should make no set speech ; for Ludlow
remarks, " that though his apprehension and judgment were not to
be despised, yet he had no good elocution."
HENRY MARTIN \from an original picture in the
possession of Charles Lewis, esq. quarto; in Cove s
" Tour in Monmouthshire."
HENRY MARTEN, esq. with his seal and autograph.
J. Tuck sc. Svo.
Henry Marten, esq. was son and heir-apparent of Sir Henry
Marten, LL. D. a judge of the Admiralty, and who wished to mo-
198 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
derate the misunderstanding; that arose between King Charles the
First and his parliament ; in the last of which he sat as a member
for the" borough of St. Ives, in Huntingdonshire.
; .The first account that we have of this gentleman is in the year
1639, when he was one of those who excused themselves from con
tributing money towards the Scotch war, as having otherwise
assisted his majesty. He was returned one of the members to re
present the county of Berks, in the two last parliaments called by
King Charles I. ; and the latter was the ever memorable one, in
which he made a most conspicuous figure. Mr. Marten had pecu
liar advantages at the commencement of his public life, having re
ceived a learned education at Oxford, the place of his nativity. He
became a gentleman-commoner in University College when only
fifteen years old; and in 1607, he received a batchelor of arts de
gree. Upon his leaving college, he applied to the study of the law
in one of the inns ; but his mind probably was too volatile for that
dry profession : quitting it, he took a tour through France ; and
upon his return, enriched himself by a marriage with a rich widow.
Sir Henry, his father, was extremely conversant in business ; and
it would have been of singular use to him, had he acted with that
prudence that might have been expected from the care and admo
nitions of so able a monitor ; but on the contrary, he was all vio
lence from the very commencement of the civil war. The parlia
ment appointed him colonel of a regiment of horse ; but he more
distinguished himself with his tongue than his sword ; as a most
convincing proof: one of the Puritanic clergy named Saltmarsh,
having in August, 1643, amongst other expressions, said, that " all
means should be used to keep the king and his people from a
sudden union ; that the war ought to be cherished under the notion
of popery, as the surest means to engage the people ; and that if
the king would not grant their demands, then to root him out and
the royal line, and to collate the crown upon somebody else." The
House of Commons expressed their indignation against such dan
gerous positions ; though too many of them were known to be
guided by such sentiments.
Mr. Marten, who thought exactly as Mr. Saltmarsh, except in
the article of giving the crown to any other when they had taken it
from the legal possessor, said, in the course of the debate about the
obnoxious book, that " he saw no reason to condemn Mr. Saltmarsh,
and that it were better one family should be destroyed than many."
Sir NevilPole moving, that " Mr. Marten should -explain what one
OF ENGLAND. 199
family he meant;" he boldly answered, "the king and his children."
This called up the indignation of many truly loyal members, who
representing both the extreme profligacy of his life, and the very
dangerous tendency of his answer, moved, that he should be sent to
the Tower ; which passing in the affirmative, he was sent thither:
but his party, who thought he had only spoken too early his senti
ments, using their influence, he was released from his confinement;
but it did not prevent his expulsion from the house.
In January, 1645-6, many in the House of Commons coming
nearer to Mr. Marten s political creed, procured a vote, that the
former judgment against him, by which he was expelled their walls ,
should be void, and erased out of their journals ; and that he
should enjoy the benefit of his first election : this, says Whitlock,
gave occasion for some to observe, that the house began to be more
averse to the king. They even gave him the government of Reading,
and highly resented the arrest of one of his menial servants; and his
insolence became unbounded : he stopped a letter which the Earl of
Northumberland sent to his countess, and opened it, thinking he
should have discovered some correspondence between that noble
man and the king ; and though his lordship was a partisan of the
parliament, yet this scandalous conduct was applauded rather than
censured.
This great peer, however, did not choose to put up with such an
insult ; and meeting Colonel Marten, after a conference between the
two houses, in the Painted Chamber, questioned him about it ; and
he, instead of apologizing, giving some rude answer to justify what
he had done, the earl cudgelled him before the whole company of
lords and commons : yet notwithstanding the disgraceful traits in
his character, he continued to be extremely popular in the House of
Commons ; and at a consultation of the first commanders in the
army, Mr. Marten, as a colonel, attended, and cut the matter short,
by telling them they should " serve the king, as the English did his
Scotch grandmother cut off his head." This horrid advice was
adopted, and he was the first to dispose every thing for the comple
tion of the scheme; and, as one of the commissioners in the high
-court of justice, he sat every day, three excepted, the 13th, 18th,
and 19th, and signed the warrant to put the sentence into exe
cution.
At the restoration, he was absolutely excepted, both as to life and
property ; but he had the prudence to surrender himself, in obedi
ence to the proclamation of the parliament, and was brought to trial
200 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
at the Sessions-house, in the Old Bailey, Oct. 10, 1660. He was
found guilty; but through the influence of powerful friends, he got
off with imprisonment for life ; and was confined upwards of twenty
years in Chepstow Castle, Monmouthshire, where he died suddenly
with the food in his mouth, in 1681, aged 78 years.
JOHN VENN, esq. Harding sc. 8vo. $ - ; :
John Venn, esq. was a silk-man, in London, but whose business
was supposed not to be good, which making him discontented, he
went into the army, and rose to the rank of colonel, was appointed
governor of Windsor Castle, had the sum of 4000/. granted him fop
supposed losses, which probably he never experienced. He was
appointed one of the king s judges, and took a decisive part
against the fallen monarch, omitting only January 19th arid 24th,
from sitting upon the trial ; and he signed the warrant for exe
cution.
His government of Windsor had given him great consequence,
as well from the strength of the place, as it being the sanctuary of
the most consummate hypocrisy, where all the worst of a vile
faction met to deliberate upon their actions, and to pray for the
completion of their diabolical schemes. This situation too afforded
him opportunities of plundering the neighbourhood, and embezzling 1
the royal furniture ; such as hangings, linen, and bedding. The
superiors in the army put him upon such services that would have
disgusted more honourable persons, dispatching him with the
pressed men for this was not illegal in the land-service with these
defenders of liberty ; but his conduct was so imperious to these un
happy people, that they revolted at Farnham, in their way to General
Fairfax, but were soon suppressed.
Soon after the king s violent death, he fell into great neglect,
living privately upon the plunder he had obtained. The parliament
at the restoration would have included him in the utmost penalties
of the laws against traitors ; but just at the moment, it was given
out by his family that he died. Many thought from the sudden
ness of his exit, that he had destroyed himself; if not, it is most
probable that he secreted himself so artfully, that he escaped the
vigilance of those who would gladly have made him a public exam
ple. His name, however, is in the exceptive clause, and the govern
ment seized his property.
OF ENGLAND. 201
MILES CORBET ; an oval,, in the same plate with
Colonel Okey and John Barkstead ; small k. sh. very
scarce.
MILES CORBET; copied from the above. W. Rich
ardson exc. 8vo.
MILES CORBET; with his seal and autograph ; Svo.
Mr. Corbett was a gentleman of an ancient and honourable
family in Norfolk, who after going- through his academical studies,
settled himself to the profession of the law, and was for many years
a member and resident in Lincoln s Inn. It cannot be objected to
him as to many others of his republican brothers, that he was
one of the mushroom breed, engendered only and fostered through
the troubles of the times they lived in, Mr. Corbet having been re
turned a member to serve in every successive parliament for thirty-
seven years prior to the restoration ; he was burgess of, and recorder
for, Great Yarmouth, in the Long Parliament; early became a
committee-man for the county of Norfolk; and, from his well-
known legal abilities, was, by the parliament in 1644, made clerk of
the court of wards ; and in March, 1647-8, he, with Mr. Robert
Goodwin, were made registrars in the court of Chancery, in the room
of Colonel Long, one of the eleven impeached members. This
place alone, to Mr. Corbet, was worth 700/. a year.
Corbet had the principal management of the office of sequestra*
tion against the loyalists, in order to enable the parliament to carry
on the war against the king ; speaking of which, Lord Hollis says,
" The committee of examinations, where Mr. Miles Corbet kept his
justice seat, which was worth something to his clerk, if not to him,
what a continual horse-fair it was ! even like doomsday itself, to
judge persons of all sorts and sexes." The strictness with which
he enforced the penalties in this station, rendered him so extremely
odious and unpopular in this kingdom, that he was glad to embrace
an opportunity that offered to change the scene. The parliament
therefore in August, 1652, put him in the commission for managing
the affairs of Ireland, with the Lord-general Cromwell, Lieutenant-
generals Fleetwood and Ludlow, Colonel Jones, and Mr. Weaver.
In this situation he remained during all the changes of government,
VOL. V. 2 D
202 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
until January, 1659-60 ; when he was suspended by Sir Charles
Coote, and then impeached of high-treason, after having received
no less than ten several commissions for this office. He soon after
returned into England, but was so alarmed by the proceedings
against Sir Henry Vane, and Major Salway, and from having so
great a charge preferred against him, that he would not appear pub
licly, much less go to the house, until inspired with some confidence
by Ludlow, he went thither to give an account of his conduct ; in
which he acted in such a manner that reflected credit to his public
character ; for Ludlow, who was part of the time upon the spot, and
some while employed with him, avers that " he manifested such in
tegrity, that though he was continued for many years in that station,
yet he impaired his own estate for the public service, whilst he was
the greatest husband of the Commonwealth s treasure."
At the restoration, Mr. Corbet made his escape to the continent;
and after travelling through many parts of Germany, settled with
Barkstead and Okey, at Hanau, in the circle of the Lower Rhine ;
and having taken care to secure a sufficient property for their future
maintenance and support, were admitted free burgesses of that
place. After remaining many months unmolested or disturbed here,
Mr. Corbet imprudently quitted this secure asylum, on a short visit
to some friends in Holland ; notice of which coming to the know
ledge of Sir George Downing, the English resident, he was secured
in company with his friends Barkstead and Okey ; whom he had
called on merely to pay a friendly visit. Sir George had procured
an order from the states-general to secure them ; which having
been effected through the most mean and despicable treachery, he
sent them over in chains to England by the Black-a-moor frigate,
which had been stationed there for that purpose, on Downing s re
ceiving notice from a friend of Colonel Okey s of his intended visit,
which the renegado Downing had given his parole of honour he
would in no way disturb or molest. This man had been raised by
Colonel Okey from a very low station in life to the establishment
which he then held, having remained in that situation under Crom
well and the Commonwealth, but made his peace with the new king
and government, by betraying all those who had been his best
friends and protectors.
Being brought to the bar of the King s Bench, on the 16th of
April, 1662, after a slight investigation as to identity of person,
Mr. Corbet was found guilty, and received sentence of death. He
was executed at Tyburn, being drawn there upon a sledge from the
OF ENGLAND. 203
Tower ; his quarters were placed over the city gates, and his head
upon London-bridge, April 19, 1662.
r IRISH GENTLEMEN.
SIR PHILIP PERCEVAL, bart. 2d of that name,
eldest son of the Right Honourable Sir John Perceval,
bart. the 7th of that name, born the 12th of January,
1656, died without issue, the llth of September, 1680.
Faberf. 1744, Qvo. This and the three following prints
were engraved for " The History of the, House, of
Yvery."
This gentleman was eldest son of Sir John Perceval, by Catharine
Southwell. Having completed his education, by arts, languages,
and travel, he fixed a regular plan for increasing his paternal estate
and serving the public in England, for which he appears to have
been perfectly qualified from his judgment, activity, and elevated,
but well-tempered, spirit. He was stopped short, in the very be
ginning of his career by death, the effect, as was reasonably sup
posed, of poison, administered by an unknown hand, while he was
eagerly engaged in tracing the dark and intricate circumstances of
the attempt to murder his brother Robert ;* which by his great sa
gacity and industry, would probably soon have been unravelled
and brought to light. f
SIR JOHN PERCEVAL, bart. (8th of that name)
lord of Burton, Liscarrol, Kanturk, Castle Warning,
and Oughterard, &c. born 1660, died 1686. Faberf.
1743.
Sir John Perceval, who was third son of the seventh Sir John, by
Catharine Southwell, became possessed of the family estate, upon
the untimely deaths of Sir Philip and Robert, his elder brothers.
* See his article a little below.
t " History of the House of Yvery," p. 376, &c.
204 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
His piety, his benevolence, and uncommon application to study,
rendered him, at an early period, the darling and hope of his friends
and relations. When he found himself in affluent circumstances,
he gave a loose to his natural disposition, and displayed his good
nature, affability, and politeness, to the whole country, as on a
public theatre, where he met with the highest approbation, as a
father and protector of the poor, a warm patriot, and a generous
and amiable man. His hospitality was without example, and some
of his other virtues were of a peculiar cast. He generally consumed
two bullocks and twenty sheep in his family every week, in which
he had one public day, when multitudes came to pay him their re
spects. His house was never, on these occasions, a scene of riot,
but every thing was conducted with the strictest decorum. One of
his peculiarities was, that he rarely returned a visit, or degraded
himself by familiarity ; yet few men were more respected and
beloved. Another was, always to retire from his company at five
o clock, and to leave the rest of the entertainment to be conducted
by a gentleman whom he retained in his family for that purpose.
To supply the defect of returning visits, he constantly went to the
county assizes, where he saw the principal persons of his acquaint
ance, to whom he paid his civilities. It should here be observed,
that Sir John, who was rather an object of admiration than an ex
ample of prudence and conduct, by his singular method of life, in
the course of six years, plunged himself in a debt of 11 ; 000/.*
GEORGE PERCEVAL, of Temple-house, in Com.
Sligo, esq. youngest son of the Right Honourable Sir
Philip Perceval, knight (1st of that name), bom 15
Sept. 1635; Ob. 1675. Faberf. 1744; Svo. K\
This gentleman, of whose character we know very little, going
over to England, in the same ship with the Earl of Meath and other
persons of distinction, was unfortunately cast away and drowned,
on the 25th of March, 1675. He, by his wife, daughter and heir
of Crofton, esq. left two sons and a daughter. See what is
said of him and his family in the Epitome of the " History of the
House of Yvery," prefixed to that work, and vol. ii. p. 324, of the
" History."
*/
* " History of the House of Yvcry," vol. ii. p. 389, &c.
OF ENGLAND. 205
ROBERT PERCEVAL, esq. second son of the
Right Honourable Sir John Perceval, bart. (7th of that
name) ; born the 8th of February, 1657 ; died, without
issue, the 5th of June, 1677. Faberf. 1744 ; Svo.
Robert Perceval was, in early life, a youth of uncommon expec
tation, as, during his application to literary pursuits, he made a very
considerable progress. He was some time of Christ s College, in
Cambridge, and afterward entered at Lincoln s Inn ; but being of a
high spirit, and having a strong propensity to pleasure, he neglected
his studies, and abandoned himself to his passions. He is said to
have been engaged in no less than nineteen duels before he was
twenty years of age. He was found in the Strand apparently mur
dered by assassins, who could never be discovered after the strictest
inquiry ; but Fielding, the noted beau, with whom he was known
to have had a quarrel, did not escape suspicion. A little before
this tragical event, he, if himself might be credited, saw his own
spectre bloody and ghastly, and was so shocked with the sight,
that he presently swooned. Upon his recovery, he went immedi
ately to Sir Robert Southwell, his uncle, to whom he related the
particulars of this ghostly appearance, which were recorded, word
for word, by the late Lord Egmont, as he received them from the
mouth of Sir Robert, who communicated them to him a little before
his death. Lord Egmont also mentions a dream of one Mrs. Brown,
of Bristol, relative to the murder, which dream is said to have been
exactly verified.*
SIR THOMAS CULLUM, bart. P. Ldy pmx.
J. Basire sc. In the Rev. Sir John Outturns " His
tory and Antiquities of Hawsted and Hardwick, in the
County of Suffolk ;" 4to.
Mr. Cullum was one of the sheriffs of London in 1646; and, in
August, 1647, was, with the lord mayor and several others, com
mitted to the Tower for high-treason ; that is, for having been con
cerned in some commotions in the city, in favour of the king. He
was never mayor ; the ruling powers not thinking proper he should
* " History of the House of Yvcry," rol. ii. p. 368, &c.
206 V* BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
be trusted with that office. In 1656, he purchased the manor of
Hawsted, in Suffolk, to which he retired from the hurry of business
and public life, being then near 70 years old. Immediately upon
his purchase, he settled his estate on his surviving sons Thomas and
John, reserving to himself only a life interest in it. Very soon after
the restoration he was created a baronet, his patent bearing date
18 June, 1660. This mark of royal favour, and his having been
committed to the Tower for favouring the king s party in 1647,
might, one would have thought, have secured him from every appre
hension of danger ; but whether it were that he had temporized a
little during some period of the usurpation, or that money was to be
squeezed from the opulent by every possible contrivance, he had a
pardon under the great seal, dated 17 July, 1661, for all treasons
and rebellions, with all their concomitant enormities, committed by
him before the 29th of the preceding December. Some crimes were
excepted from the general pardon, as burglaries, perjuries, forge
ries, and several others; amongst which was witchcraft.* He died
April 6, 1664, and was buried in the chancel of Hawsted church,
in Suffolk. A street in London still bears his name, and where he
had considerable property, of which he just escaped seeing the de
struction by the fatal fire in 1666.
He was succeeded by his eldest son, Thomas Cullum, who, about
the year 1657, married Dudley, the second daughter of Sir Henry
North, of Mildenhall, in the county of Suffolk, bart. In 1680, he
and Mr. Rotherham were elected members of parliament for the
borough of Bury St, Edmond s, by a majority of the freemen; but
the aldermen returned Sir Thomas Hervey and Thomas Jermyn,
esquire, who had been elected by a majority of the corporation ;
and the former petitioned the house in vain against the return ; as,
in 1713, Jermyn Davers and Gilbert Affleck, esquires, did, in
similar circumstances, against the Honourable Carr Hervey and
Aubrey Porter.
THOMAS FOLEY, esq. of Witley-court, founder
of Stourbridge Hospital, died Oct. 1, 1677, aged 59.
Gulielmus Trabule fecit. In Nastis " History of Wor
cestershire.
* Near three years after this, viz. March, 1664, at the assizes held at Bury, be
fore Sir Matthew Hale, two witches were tried, condemned, and executed.
OF ENGLAND. 207
The only account we have of this gentleman is to be found in
Baxter s "History of his Life and Times;" where he informs us,
(part iii. p. 73.) " Mr. Foley, who purchased the advowson of Kid
derminster, was a truly honest and religious man, who would make
the best choice of a minister he could. On this occasion I will
mention (says he) the great mercy of God to the town of Kidder
minster and country, in raising one man, Mr. Thomas Foley, who
from almost nothing did get 5000/. per annum, or more, by iron
works; and that with so just and blameless dealing, that all men
that ever he had to do with, that ever I heard of, magnified his
great integrity and honesty, which was questioned by none : and
being a religious faithful man, he purchased, among other lands, the
patronage of several great places, and among the rest, of Stour-
bridge and Kidderminster, and so chose the best conformable mi
nisters that could be got ; and not only so, but placed his eldest
son s habitation in Kidderminster, which became a great protection
and blessing to the town ; having placed two families more else
where of his two other sons, all three religious worthy men, and in
thankfulness to God for his mercies to him, built a well-founded
hospital near Stourbridge, to teach poor children to read and write,
and then set them apprentices, and endowed it with about 500/.
a year. About this time the said Mr. Foley was high-sheriff of
Worcester, and desired Baxter to preach his sermon.
SIR JOHN FLOCK ; an etching. C. Towneky fe
cit ; Svo.
Sir John Flock, a gentleman of good family, was one of the
attendants on King Charles the Second during his exile in France,
Germany, and Holland ; and on the restoration, as a reward for his
services, had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him, with the
lucrative appointment of keeper of the Arcatory to that monarch.
Sir John Flock was the first governor of Duck Island, in St. James s
Park, and held the office until it was conferred upon Monseur de
St. Evremond.
208 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLASS IX. ;;;;, . /-/.,-:.,." i
MEN OF GENIUS AND LEARNING.
PHYSICIANS. - -
DR. SCARBOROUGH. Vandergucht sc. In the
octavo edition of Cowleys Works.
Knighted Sir Charles Scarborough, first physician to Charles II. James II.
1669 D> anc ^ William III. was, by his strong arid lively parts, uncommon
learning, and extensive practice, eminently qualified for that ho
nourable station. He was one of the greatest mathematicians of his
time. Mr. Oughtred informs us, that his memory was tenacious
to an incredible degree ; that he could recite in order all the pro
positions of Euclid, Archimedes, and other ancient mathematicians,
and apply them on every occasion.* He assisted the famous
Dr. William Hervey in his book " De Generatione Animalium,"
and succeeded him as lecturer of anatomy and surgery. The lec
ture, which was founded by Dr. Richard Caldwal, was read by
him in Surgeon s Hall, and continued for sixteen or seventeen
years, with great applause. He, in his course, explained the nature
of the muscles, and was the first that attempted to account for
muscular strength and motion upon geometrical principles, and he
very judiciously and happily applied mathematics to medicine in
other instances. His " Syllabus Musculorum" is printed with
" The Anatomical Administration of all the Muscles, &c. by Wil
liam Molins,f Master in Chirurgery." He was also author of
several mathematical treatises, a Compendium of Lilye s Grammar,
and an Elegy on his friend Mr. Cowley. He was a man of amiable
manners, and of great pleasantry in conversation. Seeing the
Dutchess of Portsmouth eat to excess, he said to her, with his
usual frankness, " Madam, I will deal with you as a physician
should do ; you must eat less, use more exercise, take physic, or be
sick." He died Feb. 26, 1693.1
* Preface to the second edition of the " Clavis Malhematica."
t Or Mullens.
$ Le Neve s " Monnmenta Anglicana.
OF ENGLAND. 209
- " EDMUNDUS KING, eq. aur. M. D. augustiss.
regis Car. II. med. Coll. Medic. Lond. & Societ.
Regal, socius : qui prsesenti animo, (ope divina),
eundem sereniss. regem Car. II. a morte subitanea
dexterrime eripuit, Feb. 2, 1684." P. Lely p. R. Wil
liams f. h. sh. mezz.
EDMUNDUS KING, &c. Kndier p. R. White sc.
large h. sh.
This is one of White s best performances.
Sir Edmund King, who was originally a surgeon, applied himself
much to the study of chymistry. This helped to recommend him
to Charles II. who sometimes amused himself in his laboratory.
He was the first physician that attended that prince in his last ill
ness, when he ventured to incur the penalty of the law, by letting
him blood. This was approved of by others of the faculty, and was
indeed the only means of preventing his sudden death.* A thou
sand pounds were ordered him by the privy council for his attend
ance on the king, but he never received the money. In the
" Philosophical Transactions" are some curious observations by
him, concerning ants, and the animalcule in pepper-water.f There
is also an account of his transfusing forty-nine ounces of blood
out of a calf into a sheep. The latter was, in all appearance, as
strong and healthy after the operation as it was before.
PETRUS BARWICK, M. D. serenissimo regi
Carolo 11. e medicis ordinariis. G. Vertue sc. Be
fore " Vita Johannis Banuick," 8$c. Svo.
Peter Barwick was brother to Dr. John Barwick, dean of St.
Paul s. He was a man of uncommon skill and diligence in his
profession, and was very successful in the small-pox, and in various
kinds of fevers. He wrote an excellent defence of Dr. Harvey s
doctrine of the circulation of the blood, and the life of the dean,
* See Burnet, i. p. 606.
t See " Philosoph. Transact." No. XXIII. p. 425, et seq. See also the number
for Sept. 1693.
VOL. V. 2 E
210 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his brother, in pure and elegant Latin. The latter was published
with a preface, by Mr. Hilkiah Bedford, 1721. His defence of the
" Eikon Basilike/ against Dr. Walker, which was written in his
74th year, does not only shew the warmth of his loyalty, but dis
covers a little of the peevishness of old age. He was much re
spected by all that knew him, not only for his abilities, but also for
his great humanity and charity. Ob. Aug. 1705.
GULIELMUS RAMESEY, M. D. et medicus re-
gius ordinarius Carolo II. JEt. 42 ; Svo. There is an
anonymous portrait of him in a doctor of physic s gown,
by Sherwin, before " The Character of Nobility" 1672;
small Svo.
Dr. William Ramesey appears to me to be the person already
mentioned,* who bewildered himself in astrology ; and when his
intellects were perfectly confused and clouded, advanced the doc
trine of dark stars. He was author of the following books :
" Christian Judicial Astrology vindicated, and Demonology con
futed ; in Answer to Nat. Homes, D. D. with a Discourse on the
Sun s Eclipse, 29 Mar. 1652," 12mo. He, in the title-page, styles
himself William Ramesey, gent, as he does in that of the next
book : " An Introduction to the Judgment of the Stars," 1653 ;
fol. " Names, Natures, Virtues, Symptoms, and Antidotes of
Poisons," 1663, by William Ramesey, M. D. Svo. " EX/uvdoyta,
or Physical Observations concerning Worms," Svo. 1668. He is
again styled M.D. in the title to this tract. , It should here be
observed, that he invented an instrument to cleanse the stomach,
upon which he wrote a pamphlet, printed in small Svo. 1672. It
appears from the " Character of Nobility," that he was of the
Dalhousy family.
GUIL. SERMON, medicinae doctor, &c. Sherwin
ad vivum del. 8$ sc. four Latin verses, large 4/#.
GUIL. SERMON, medicinae doctor et regis ordinarii,f
M. 42.
* See RAMSEY S article in the Interregnum. t Sic Orig.
OF ENGLAND. 211
" Let zoilists carp at what is past and done,
Brave Sermon s acts shall live in face o th sun :
Great Monck, restorer of his country s peace,
Declares from him his dropsy soon did cease."
W. Sherwin ad vivum del. et sc. 1671.
William Sermon, a physician of Bristol, was possessed of a pal
liative remedy for the dropsy, by which the Duke of Albemarle was
greatly relieved: but he not long after relapsed into this distemper,
which at length proved fatal to him.* Dr. Sermon, who was na
turally vain, grew vainer than ever upon his success, and seemed
to think nothing beyond the reach of his skill ; as if the man that
cured the Great Monck of the dropsy, could do every thing in the
power of physic. He was author of " The Ladies Companion, or
English Midwife," &c. 1671 ; 8vo. and of " A Friend to the Sick, or
the honest Englishman s Preservation," &c. 1673, 8vo. to which is
prefixed his portrait, in a doctor s gown ; but there is great doubt
of his having been a graduate in his profession. See Wood s
" Fasti," ii. col. 201.
JOHANNES ARCHER, medicus in ordinario regi;
Svo.
Doctor John Archer was author of " Every Man his own Physi
cian," &c. printed for himself, in 1673, Svo. To this are sub
joined a Treatise on Melancholy, and a compendious Herbal. He
seems to have been of such an Epicurean taste as was perfectly
adapted to the court and character of Charles the Second ; having
in the first of these works placed the sixth sense at the head of the
other five, as holding them all in subordination. He, at the end of
this book, mentions these three inventions as the issue of his own
brain : the first was certainly in use among the Romans, namely,
A hot bath, by steam, for the cure of various disorders. This will
naturally remind the reader of the fumigations of Dominicetj. 2. An
oven, which doth, with a small fagot, bake, distil, boil a pot, or
stew ; with all the same charge of fire, time, and labour. This
oven was moveable : something like it has been lately advertised.
* See Campbell s " Lives of the Admirals," ii. p. 370.
212 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
3. A chariot, with which one horse can as easily draw five or more
people, as two horses can that number in the ordinary way. It is
also contrived, that a man who sits in it may move it without a
horse. Here the machine invented by Mr. Moore will as natu
rally recur to the reader s memory, as the baths of Dominiceti did
in the first article.
TOBIAS WHITAKER, medicus ordinarius Caroli
Secundi JEt. 60. J. Chantry sc. Ylmo.
Doctor Tobias Whitaker, physician in ordinary to Charles II.
seems to have had as utter a dislike to unpalatable medicines as
the most squeamish of his patients. He was much more a friend
to the vintner, than to the apothecary, and was as cordially at
tached to wine, as Dr. Archer appears to have been to women. It
is very probable that either of them, as physicians to the court,
would, in some cases, have prescribed both. He was author of " A
Discourse of Water," 1634, 12mo. His principal work is " The
Tree of Humane Life, or the Blood of the Grape, proving the pos
sibility of maintaining Life from Infancy to Old Age without Sick
ness, by the Use of Wine" Lond. 1638, 8vo. This was trans
lated into Latin, and printed at Frankfort, 1655. In the former
of these pieces, he writes himself " Doctor of Physicke, of Nor
wich;" in the latter "of London. He also published "An
Elenchus of Opinions concerning the Small-pox/ 1661, 12mo. pre
fixed to which is his head.
It appears from Chamberlayne s " Present State of England,"
1671, that, besides four physicians in ordinary for the king s per
son, and two for the household, there were above a dozen more,
who were his majesty s sworn servants, but were not in waiting. It
seems that Charles II. was not only an encourager of obscure phy
sicians, but even of quacks,* a race of men who not only kill us,
but kill us with less dexterity, and consequently with more pain,
than the worst physicians do. It is probable, that the following
excellent person preserved more lives than were destroyed by the
whole herd of empirics, that infested the metropolis in this reign.
THOMAS SYDENHAM, M. D. Lely p. Hou-
* Wehvood, p. 149.
OF ENGLAND. 213
braken sc. 1746. In the possession of John Sydmham r
esq. Illust. Head.
THOMAS SYDENHAM. M. Beak p. A. Blooteling sc.
Svo.
THOMAS SYDENHAM, mezz. M. Beale. Mc.Ardell;
half-sheet; anonymous,
Dr. Thomas Sydenham, who was long at the head of his pro
fession, was a physician of great penetration and experience, and
went far beyond all his contemporaries in improving the art of
physic. He took late to study, but his quick parts and great
natural sagacity enabled him to make a prodigious progress in a
little time. He dared to innovate, where nature and reason led the
way; and was the first that introduced the cool regimen in the
small-pox. Hence he gave an effectual check to a distemper that
has been more pernicious to mankind, than the plague itself; and
which had been inflamed and rendered still more pernicious, by
injudicious physicians. He carefully studied, and wrote observa
tions upon every epidemical distemper that prevailed during the
course of his practice. He had many opponents : but his constant
success was a sufficient answer to all the cavils of his antagonists.
He freely communicated to the world his judicious remarks on a
great variety of acute and chronical distempers ; and particularly
on those that sweep away the greatest number of the human
species. What he has written on the nervous and hysteric colic,
fevers, riding in consumptive cases, and the use of milk and chaly-
beates, deserves to be mentioned to his honour. He was the first
that used laudanum with success, and that gave the bark after the
paroxysm in agues. After his death, was published his " Method
of curing almost all Diseases,"* I have been informed, that his
works were more esteemed by foreign physicians than by the gene
rality of the faculty in his own country.! There is a catalogue of
them in the " Biographia Britanniea." Ob. 29 Dec. 1689.
THOMAS WILLIS, M. D. G. Vertue sc. Must.
Head.
* This book was written in Latin.
t They were much read and commended by Dr. Bocrhaave.
214 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
This print and the next were done from the original picture of
him at Whaddon-hall, which belonged to his grandson, the late
Browne Willis, esq. and was left by his will to the Bodleian
Library.
, *
THOMAS WILLIS, M. D. without his name; in
scribed, " JEtatis SUCE 45, D. Loggan delin. et sc" Be
fore his " Pharmaceutice Hationalis ;" fol.
THOMAS WILLIS, M. D. R. White sc. Svo. Be
fore the "London Practice of Physic " 1685.
THOMAS WILLIS. F. Diodati advivum; 4to.
THOMAS WILLIS. /. Drapentier ; 4to.
Dr. Thomas Willis was a very eminent anatomist, philosopher,
and physician, and one of the most elegant writers of his age, in
the Latin tongue. His works were much celebrated at home and
abroad, and his practice was proportionable to his fame. He was
regular in his devotions, his studies, and visiting his patients ; and
his custom was to dedicate his Sunday fees to the relief of the
poor. He had a deep insight into every branch of science to
which he applied himself, especially anatomy, in which he made
some discoveries ; particularly, the sinuses of the veins, and their
use* His " Cerebri Anatome"t gained him a great reputation,
as did also his book " De Anima Brutorum," his " Pharmaceutice
Rationalis," &c. The first of these books had an elegant copy of
verses written on it by Mr. Philip Fell,t and the drawings for the
plates were done by his friend Dr. Christopher Wren, the cele
brated architect. He was the first discoverer of the medicinal
spring at Astrop, near Brackley, in Northamptonshire, which was
* Glanvill s Plus Ultra," p. 14.
t He is, on account of this work, reckoned among the improvers of science, by
Mr. Wottou, in his " Reflections on ancient and modern Learning," c. 17. p. 196,
197. edit. 1694.
t " Musae Anglicanae," vol 1. There is also another copy of verses by the same
band on his " Diatriba?," &c.
OF ENGLAND. 215
once in high repute.* Mr. Addison informs us, in his "Travels,"
that the physician retained by the little republic of St. Marino,
when he was in Italy, was well read in the works of our country
men Harvey, Willis, and Sydenham. Ob. 11 Nov. 1675.
SIR THOMAS BROWNE, of Norwich, M. D.
R. White sc. Before his " Works" 1686; fol. n
THOMAS BROWNE, eques aur. et med. doctor.
Van Hove sc. 4to.
SIR THOMAS BROWNE, M.D. P. Vandrebanc f.
Svo.
SIR THOMAS BROWNE, M.D. T. Trotter sculp.
In Malcolm s "Lives of Topographers ;" 4to.
This learned and ingenious physician was knighted by Charles
II. at Norwich, in Sept. 1671. See an account of him in the reign
of CHARLES I.
GEORGIUS ENT, eques auratus, M. D. et Coll.
Med. Lond. socius; Svo. His head is before his "Ani-
madversiones in M. Thrustoni, M. D. Diatribam de
Respirationis Usu primario^ Lond. 1679; Svo.
SIR GEORGE ENT, M. D. R. White; Svo.
Dr. George Ent, president of the College of Physicians, and
fellow of the Royal Society in this reign, distinguished himself in
that of Charles I. by writing an apology in Latin for Dr. Harvey s
doctrine of the circulation of the blood, in opposition to ^Emilius
* Willis and Lower first recommended the waters of Astrop, which were afterward
decried by Radcliffe. The reason which I have heard assigned for his decrying them,
was, because the people of the village insisted upon his keeping a bastard child,
which was laid to him bj an infamous woman of that place. Upon this the doctor
declared " that he would put a toad into their well," and accordingly cried down
the waters, which soon lost their reputation.
216 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Parisanus.* In the same book are some judicious observations on
the operation of purging medicines. He was author of several
other pieces, some of which are in the " Philosophical Transac
tions, "f Glanvill, speaking in his Plus Ultra" of the modern
improvements in anatomy, numbers Sir George Ent, Dr. Glisson,
and Dr. Willis, with the most celebrated discoverers in that useful
science.^: The two former were among the first members of the
Royal Society.
FRANCISCUS GLISSONUS, M. D. M. 75.
W. Dolle sc. 4to.
FRANCISCUS GLISSONUS, M. D. JEt. 80. Fai-
thorne sc.
There is a small anonymous copy of this print.
Dr. Francis Glisson, king s professor of physic, at Cambridge,
was universally esteemed one of the best physicians of his age.
He was an excellent anatomist, and acquired a great reputation by
his writings on anatomical, and other subjects. He discovered the
capsula communis, and the vagina portce; and he, and Dr. Wharton, dis
covered the internal ductus saUvaris, in the maxillary glandule. His
account of sanguification was esteemed very rational, and generally
much approved of, as was also his " Anatomia Hepatis." His
" Tractatus de Natura Substantial energetica," &c. Lorid. 1672 ;
4to. and his " Tractatus de Ventriculo et Intestinis," &c. Amstel.
1677; 4to. are among his principal works : his portrait is prefixed
to both. I was told by a gentleman in Dorsetshire, who was nearly
* Mr. Ashby, president of St. John s College, in Cambridge, has a copy of
" Konigii Bibliotheca," interleaved and filled with MS. notes by A. Seller. At the
word " Ent," is this passage : " In fronte libris De Generatione Animaliura,"
ha?c inveni scripta : " Gualtheri Charltoni liber, ex rnunere nobilissimi doctissimique
viri Domini Georgii Ent, Equitis aurati, gut eum Latine descripsit." This book
was given by will of Sir George Ent, made when he was dying, to Dr. Walter
Charlton. The ingenious Dr. Baker, author of the Life of Harvey, prefixed to his
works in 4to. observes, that the Latinity of this book is superior to that of his other
writings. This anecdote assigns the reason of it.
t See No. 173, and No. 194, An. 1691.
J " Plus Ultra," p. 13.
" Plus Ultra," p. 14.
OF ENGLAND. 217
allied to his family, that he visited a considerable number of
patients in the time of the plague, and preserved himself from the
infection, by thrusting bits of sponge, dipped in vinegar, up his
nostrils. This excellent physician, and worthy man, whose works
were well known abroad, as well as at home, died in a very ad
vanced age, the 14th of October, 1677. See more of him in Birch s
" History of the Royal Society," vol. iii. p. 356.
Dr. LOWER; oval; before his "Receipts;" \2rno.
I strongly suspect this portrait not to be genuine.
Richard Lower was educated at Christ Church, in Oxford, under
Dr. Thomas Willis, of whom he learned to be an excellent ana
tomist; and that great physician is said to have learnt several
things from him. Upon the death of Dr. Willis, he succeeded to a
great part of his practice, and was in as high repute as any phy
sician in London. He was the first discoverer of Astrop Wells,*
which was formerly much frequented. He was author of several
medical pieces, of which Mr. Wood has given us a catalogue.
But his capital work is his book " De Corde," which has been often
printed. In this book, he lays claims to the invention of trans
fusing the blood, to which Francis Potter, a native of Mere, in
Wiltshire, had certainly a prior right.f Dr. Lower s name has
been impudently affixed to several vile nostrums sold in the shops.
GUALTERUS CHARLETONUS, M. D. et Coll
Med. Lond. socius, 1678, 2Et. 56. D. Loggan ad
vivum del. et sc. 1679 ; 4to.
* Wood, ii. col. 857.
t See his article in Wood. The transfusion of the blood from one human body to
another, from which the physicians of this time had great expectations, may be
ranked with Taliacotius s famous chimera of supplying defective parts, by grafting
others in their places. To transfuse the fluids of the body, can do us but little ser
vice, except a method be discovered of renewing the solids.
.
Vas nisi sincerum est, quodcunque infundls acescit.
In Dr. James Mackenzie s " History of Health, and the Art of preserving it ;" the
3d edit. Edinburgh, 1760 ; 8vo. p. 459, is an account of the " Rise and Fall of
the Transfusion of Blood from one Animal into another."
VOL. V. 2 F
218 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WALTER CHARLETON; in the " Oxford Almanack "
1749. . .- ? ; -;- :
Dr. Walter Charleton was a man of great natural endowments,
and one of the most universal scholars of his time. In the early
part of his life, he closely studied the Greek and Roman authors ;
and afterward applied himself to the study of natural and moral
philosophy, history, and antiquities ; besides the several branches
of literature that were essential to his profession. He has left us
ample testimony of his diligence and capacity in his various
writings, which were generally well received in the reign of Charles
II. But of late years, such is the fate of good, as well as bad
authors, they have been generally neglected. It appears that he
was well acquainted with the history of physic, by his frequent
comparison of the opinions of the ancient with those of the modern
physicians. Of all his writings, none made a greater noise in the
world than his " Treatise of Stonehenge ;" in which he has endea
voured to prove, in opposition to the opinion of Inigo Jones, that
it is a Danish monument. Sir William Dugdale, and other eminent
antiquaries, agreed with him in this conjecture. Though he was
physician in ordinary to Charles I. and was continued in that
station by his son, it does not appear that he was retained by him
after the restoration. He was in the reign of William III. elected
president of the College of Physicians. The author of his life in
the " Biographia Britannica," has given him a more advantageous
character than Mr. Wood. The reader may see some account of
him in Hearne s preface to " Peter Langtoft," Sect. XX. Ob. 1707,
88.
SIR WILLIAM PETTY ; Edwin Sandys sc. large
Ato. - . . - j
SIR WILLIAM PETTY ; stiplcd ; Ato.
Sir William Petty, who was some time professor of anatomy in
Oxford, was fellow of the College of Physicians in the reign of
Charles II. He gave early proofs of that comprehensive and in
quisitive genius for which he was afterward so eminent ; and which
seems to have been designed by nature for every branch of science
to which he applied himself. At the age of fifteen, he was master
OF ENGLAND. 219
of such a compass of knowledge in the languages, arithmetic, geo
metry, astronomy, navigation, practical mathematics, and mecha
nical trades, as few are capable of attaining in the longest life. He
made his way in the world under great disadvantages in point of
circumstances, having acquired a very moderate fortune with as
much difficulty, as he afterward rose with ease to wealth and
affluence.* He was an excellent chymist and anatomist, and a
perfect master of every other kind of knowledge that was requisite
to the profession of physic. He was a very able mathematician,
had a fine hand at drawing, was skilful in the practical parts of
mechanics, and a most exact surveyor. But what he particularly
applied himself to, and understood beyond any man of his age, was
the knowledge of the common arts of life, arid political arithmetic.
His admirable essays in this art, have even raised his reputation to
a higher pitch than it rose to in his lifetime ; as experience has
fully proved the justness of his calculations. f This great man,
who knew better than any of his contemporaries how to enrich the
nation and himself, died the 16th of Dec. 1687,^ in the 65th year
of his age. See the reign of James II.
ROBERTUS MORISON, natus Aberdenise, 1620,
ob. Londini, 1683. Sunman p. R. White sc. in an oval
of flowers ; h. sh.
Robert Morison, a native of Aberdeen, studied physic in France,
where he particularly applied himself to botany. He, in a short
time, became so great a proficient, that he was appointed superin-
tendant of the royal garden at Blois. In 1660, he came into Eng-
* He told Mr. Aubrey, that he was driven to great straits for money, when he
was in France ; and that he had lived a week upon two or three penny worth of wal
nuts. But he, at length, made his way through all difficulties ; and, as he expressed
it to that gentleman, " hewed out his fortune himself." MS. by Mr. Aubrey, in
Mus. Ashmol.
t Captain John Graunt, and Dr. Charles Davenant, rendered themselves famous
for political calculation, and have published several excellent books of that kind.
The former gained great reputation by his " Natural and Political Observations upon
the Bills of Mortality," first published in 1661, 4to. This work has been attributed
to his intimate friend Sir William Petty, and the name of Graunt has been by many
supposed to be fictitious : but see the life of this ingenious person in the " Biogra-
phia Britannica."
J See his very curious will in Lodge s " Irish Peerage," vol. ii. p. 80.
220 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
land, and was made botanical professor to Charles II. and overseer
of his gardens. He was afterward chosen professor of botany at
Oxford, where he read several courses of lectures in that science,
in the middle of the physic garden.* His " Prseludia Botanica/
in two volumes 8vo. his " Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio,"
in folio, and his " Historia Plantarum," which is also in folio, have
done him much honour. He finished only the second part of his
" History of Plants :" the third part, which he had begun, was
continued by Jacob Bobart, keeper of the physic garden at Ox
ford, who also added a third volume. It is not known what be
came of the first. Ob. 1683.
LEONARD PLUKENET, M. D. Collins sc. 1681.
Leonard Plukenet was one of the most excellent and laborious
botanists of this, or any other age. He was author of the " Phyto-
graphiae Plucenetiangs," " Almagestum Botanicum," and other works
of the like kind ; on which he spent the greatest part of his life
and fortune. His " Phytography" is mentioned with the highest
encomiums in the " Philosophical Transactions," for February,
1696-7. The encomiast says, that, " without flattery, it may de
serve the name of a performance to the improvement of so great a
part of the universal history of nature, as hath not been done by
the whole complex of precedent ages." His " Opera Botanica,"
with cuts, were printed at London, in 6 tomes, folio, 1720.
JOHANNES MAYOW ; Fait home sc. Before his
" Tractatus quinque" 8$c. small Svo.
JOHN MAYOW. Caldwall sc. In Dr. Thorntons
" Sexual System
This ingenious physician, who was fellow of All Souls College,
in Oxford, was author of the following pieces, which have been
printed together, both in England and Holland ; viz. " Tractatus
quinque Medico-physici : quorum primus agit de Sale Nitro, et
Spiritu Nitro Aereo : Secundus de Respiratione : Tertius de Re-
* The practice of reading botanic lectures has been long laid aside : the profes
sor s salary continues as it was.
OF ENGLAND. 221
spiratione Fcetus in Utero, et Ovo : Quartus de Motu Musculari,
et Spiritibus Animalibus : Ultimus de Rachitide." Dr. Plot, in
his " Natural History of Oxfordshire," has the following remark on
the first of these treatises : " John Mayow, LL. D. of All Souls,
student in physic, has lately taught, that air is impregnated with a
nitro-aerial spirit, which doctrine he confirmed by experiments."
The last of the treatises,* concerning the rickets, has singular
merit, and was allowed to be the best extant on that subject. He
resided at Bath during the summer season, where his practice was
attended with great success.! Ob. Sept. 1679. The reader is re
ferred to the " Bodleian Catalogue," for a further account of his
works.
V
Effigies NATHANAELIS HIGHMORII, in Medi-
pina Doctoris, JEt. 63, 1677. A. Blootelingf. small h. sh.
NATHANIEL HIGHMORE ; a small head in the fron
tispiece to his " Corporis Humani Disquisitio Anato-
mica" Hagtf, 1651 ; fol.
Nathaniel Highmore, a native of Fordingbridge, in Hampshire,
was educated at Trinity College, in Oxford. He practised physic
with great reputation, at Shirburn, in Dorsetshire, where no man
was more esteemed for his skill in his profession, or better beloved
for his humanity and benevolence.}: He was the first that wrote a
systematical treatise upon the structure of the human body, which
he adapted to Dr. Harvey s doctrine of the circulation of the blood,
and dedicated it to that great man. He discovered the duct for
the conveyance of the seed from the testes to the parastatse, whose
intricate folds he first described, as he also did the fibres and ves
sels of the spleen, which had long been mistaken for veins. The
* See more of this book in " Philos. Transact." No. 105, p. 101, &c. See also
" Chambers s Diet." Artie. RESPIRATION.
t Bath was not then the scene of pleasure that it is at present. Its physicians are
now four times as numerous as they were in Mayow s time ; and yet it is well known
that great numbers of the people that resort thither, destroy their constitutions on
the spot, much faster than the physicians and the waters can repair them.
t Mr. Wood informs us, that he never took a fee of a clergyman. " A then.
.Oxon." ii. 779.
See Plot s Oxfordshire," p. 301. edit. 1.
222 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
cavity in the jaw, called antrum Highmorianum, after his name, is?
another of his discoveries. Trivial as this may appear, the skilful
anatomist considers it as investigating the secret retreat of some
of the enemies of life, and pointing out, at the same time, what is
essential to the human frame. He died the 21st of March, 1684, in
the 71st year of his age. He wrote " Corporis Humani Disquisitio
Anatomica." Hagse Com. 1651, folio. There is a small head of
the author in the title. He also wrote " The History of Gene
ration," Lond. 1651, 8vo. dedicated to the Honourable Robert
Boyle. To this is added, " A Discourse of the Cure of Wounds by
Sympathy." " De Passione hysterica et Affectione hypochondriaca,"
1660, 8vo. " De hysterica et hypochondriaca Passione, Responsio
epistolaris ad Doctorem Willis," 1670, 4to.
EVERARDUS MAYNWARING, M. D. M. 38,
1668; R. White sc. 4to. plain band; another with a
wrought band ; the same plate altered. Before his book
on the scurvy.
Everard Maynwaring was descended from the same family with
Arthur Maynwaring, esq. a name much better known to the world.
This family, which had long been seated in Cheshire, was anciently
one of the most honourable in the kingdom.* He was author of
the following books : " The ancient and modern Practice of
Physic;" " A Treatise on the Preservation of Health and long
Life;" " The Complete Physician;" tl A History of the Venereal
Lues;" " The Pharmacopaean Physician s Repository ;" "A Trea
tise of Consumptions," and another of the Scurvy. After the res
toration, King James s " Counterblast to Tobacco" was reprinted :
to which is subjoined, " A learned Discourse written by Dr. Everard
Maynwaring, proving that Tobacco is a procuring Cause of the
Scurvy ;" also his " Serious Cautions against excessive Drinking,
with several Examples of God s severe Judgments upon notorious
Drunkards, who have died suddenly," &c.
GIDEON HARV^US, utriusque med. et. phil.
* Mr. Ashmole s first wife was of this family. He tells us in his " Diary/ p. 35,
that his cousin Everard Maynwaring died 22d of February, 1657. This was proba
bly the doctor s father.
OF ENGLAND. 223
doctor, apud Londinenses practicus, et. Colleg. Med.
Hagiens. quondam socius. Hagce Comitis, 1663;
P. Philippe sc. large 4to. Before his " New principles
of Philosophy" 1663.
GIDEON HARVEY, med. spag. et. dogm. doctor;
A. Hertochs f. Before his " Great Venus unmasked"
1672; I2mo.
GIDEON HARV^EUS. Frosne sc.
Gideon Harvey, who was esteemed but little better than a
hypothetical pretender to physic, wrote against the frauds and em
piricism of the physicians and apothecaries, as well as those of the
quacks of his time. He made it his business to cry down the
faculty, and published several books with a view of making people
their own doctors. His " Art of curing Diseases by Expectation,"
is one of the most remarkable of his works. In this he intimates,
that nature, aided by expectation only, may be more safely relied
on than the prescriptions of the generality of physicians ; and that
those who employ them are frequently amused with taking such
things as have no real effect in working their cure. He was very
dogmatical ; and consequently, as far as he was so, was no more
to be trusted than the worst of those against whom he exclaimed.
There can be but little difference betwixt a dogmatist in physic, and
an ignorant pretender to it. In 1704 was published the third
edition of his " Family Physician," &c. To this book, which gave
great offence to the apothecaries, is subjoined a large catalogue of
drugs, and the prices at which they should be sold in the shops.*
I know not the year in which he died ; but he was living, and phy
sician to the Tower, in the late king s reign.f
* In 1703, was published a book which gave greater offence to the apothecaries
than any of Dr. Harvey s. It is entitled, " The Crafts and Fruuds of Physic ex
posed, by R. Pitt, M. D. Fellow and Censor of the College of Physicians, and
F. R. S."8vo.
t There was, perhaps, never any thing more remarkable than the fortune of
this man. About the latter end of King William s reign, there was a great debate
who should succeed the deceased physician to the Tower. The contending parties
were so equally matched in their interests and pretensions, that it was extremely
difficult to determine which should have the preference, The matter was at length
224 . BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GEORGIUS THOMPSONUS, M. D. M. 50.
W. Sherwin ad vivumf. Before his " Almatias" $c.
1670; 8vo. - -
George Thompson was author of" The Pest anatomized," written
when the plague was in London.* He was also author of " Epi-
logismi Chymici," &c. and of several pieces in vindication of the
chymical practice of physic, against the Galenists. One of these
was entitled, " Galeno-pale, or a chymical Trial of the Galenists;"
to which one William Johnson wrote an answer, which produced a
reply, namely, " A Gag for Johnson s Animadversions upon Galeno-
pale, or a Scourge for Galen." He also wrote in vindication of
Lord Bacon s philosophy, against the very learned, and no less
dogmatical Henry Stubbe. One of the most extraordinary of his
pieces is his " Letter to Mr. Henry Stubbe, wherein the Galenical
Method and Medicaments, as likewise Blood-letting in particular,
are offered to be proved ineffectual, or destructive to Mankind, by
experimental Demonstrations." Stubbe wrote an answer to this,
in an " Epistolary Discourse concerning Phlebotomy, in Opposi
tion to George Thompson, Pseudo-Chymist, a pretended disciple
to Lord Verulam." Our author Thompson published a treatise,
entitled, " Animatias, or the true Way of preserving the Blood in
its Integrity." His principal aim in this book was to put a stop to
the common practice of bleeding.
ROBERT WITTIE, M.D. a small whole length, in
the title to his translation of Dr. Primrose s " Popular
Errors in Phi/sick," 1651 ; 4 to.
Robert Wittie, a native of Yorkshire, where he was educated,
and from thence removed to King s College, Cambridge. He was
incorporated at Oxford, July 13th, 1680, and became fellow of the
brought to a compromise ; and Dr. Gideon Harvey was promoted to that office, for
the same reason that Sixtus V. was advanced to the pontificate; because he was,
in appearance, sickly and infirm, and his death was expected in a few months. He,
however, survived not only his rivals, but all his contemporary physicians ; and
died after he had enjoyed his sinecure above fifty years.
* The small print of a man with a pestilential body lying before him, prefixed to
this book, was most probably intended for the author s portrait.
OF ENGLAND. 225
College of Physicians, in London ; and practised physic for several
years with Dr. James Primerose, at Kingston-upon-Hull, in York
shire, and was esteemed an ingenious and learned man. He wrote
several works relating to the Scarborough Spa, and the Nature and
Use of Water in general. See a list in Wood s " Athense." He
retired to London, and died in Basinghall-street, 1684.
SAMUELIS COLLINS, med. doctor, M. 67.
W. Fait home ad vivum delin. et sc. h. sh. finely en
graved.
Samuel Collins, who studied at Padua, was incorporated doctor
of physic at Oxford in 1659. Mr. Wood informs us, that he was
known by the name of Dr. Samuel Collins, junior. He was author
of " The present State of Russia, 1671 ; 8vo. He afterward
published a book of anatomy, in folio, which is of less value than
the head which is placed before it. Dr. Garth speaks thus of this
author in his Dispensary :
" Where would the long-neglected Collins fly,
If bounteous Carus should refuse to buy ?"
The name of Samuel Collins is in the list of the College of Physi
cians for 1700, at which time he was censor. It occurs again in
the list for 1707.
SAMUEL HAWORTH, M. D. R. White sc.
Samuel Haworth was author of " A method of curing Consump
tions," 1683 ; 12mo. to which is prefixed his head. I think he was
also author of " A Philosophical Discourse on Man, being the
Anatome both of his Soul and Body," 1680; 8vo. He also pub
lished " A Description of the Duke (of York s) Bagnio (in Long-
Acre), and of the Mineral Bath and new Spa thereto belonging,"
&c. 1683; 12mo.
Vera Effigies ROBERTI JOHNSON. R. W.
(Robert White) sc. doctor s gown ; arms.
VOL. V. 2 G
226 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Robert Johnson was author of " A Manual of Physic," 1684 ;
8vo. to which is prefixed his head. It is also before his " Practice
of Physic reformed," 1700. I take this to be the same book with a
new title-page.
JOHN ROGERS, M. D. M. 38. Chantry sc. a
small oval.
John, son of Nehemiah Rogers, of Duddinghurst, in Essex, took
the degree of doctor of physic at Utrecht. He, in 1664, was ad
mitted to the same degree in the university of Oxford, being then a
practitioner in his faculty, at Bermondsey, in Surrey. He published
" Analecta inauguralia, sive Disceptationes medicse : nee non Dia-
tribse discussorise de quinque Corporis humani Concoctionibus, po-
tissimumque de Pneumatosi ac Spermatosi." Lond. 1664; 8vo.
His head is in the title to this book.
Doctor JAMES WOLVERIDGE ; a small portrait,
in a large wig, sitting in a chair. In the same print
are a midwife, and a big-bellied woman. Crofts sc. Svo.
It is highly probable, that the doctor should be placed with the
empirics. He was author of " Speculum Matricis, or the expert
Midwife s Handmaid," 1671 ; before which is his print.
There is a print, on which I have seen, in manuscript,
the name of " Doctor WILLIAM ROWLAND," which
appears to me to be the print of Riverius ; but queer e ;
Rowland is mentioned by Wood.
THEOPHILUS DE GARENCIERES (of the Col
lege of Physicians, London) ; sitting at a table. On
the print is this distich:
" Gallica quern genuit, retinetque Britannica Tellus,
Calluit Hermetis quicquid in arte fuit"
W. Do lie sc. h. sh. Before his " Translation of Nos
tradamus.
OF ENGLAND. 227
Theophilus de Garencieres, doctor of physic, of the university of
Caen, in Normandy, was, in 1657, incorporated in the same degree
at Oxford, being at that time domestic physician to the French am
bassador. Several writers have borne testimony to his character,
as a man of distinguished parts and learning. He was author of
"Anglia? Flagellum, sives Tabes Anglica," 1647; 24to. " The
admirable Virtues, &c. of the true and genuine Tincture of Coral,"
1676; 8vo. He translated into English " The true Prophecies or
Prognostics of Michael Nostradamus, Physician to Henry II. Fran>
cis II. and Charles IX. kings of France,"* 1672; folio. Wood
informs us, that he died in a poor and obscure condition, within the
liberty of Westminster, of a broken heart, occasioned by the ill
usage of a certain knight ; but neither mentions his name, nor the
time of the author s death.
JOHANNES JOHNSTONUS, ex generosa et pa-
rantiqua Johnstoniorum de Crogborn Familia, &c.
philosophise et medicinae doctor, 1673, JEt. 70 ; four
* Nostradamus, who by some lias been reverenced as a prophet, by others de
tested as a sorcerer, and by most despised as a trifler, was held in high estimation
by Henry II. of France. He died July 2, 1566. His body is said to have been
buried half in, and half without the church of the Cordeliers, at Salon, on account
of the ambiguity of his character, of which Jodellus, the author of the following
quibbling epigram, had not the least doubt.
" Nostra-damus cum falsa damus, nam fallere nostrum est ;
Et cum verba damus, nil nisi nostra damus."
In the curious " Letters which passed between Abraham Hill, esq." &c. p. 204,
205, is the following extract, written by Mr. John Newman, and addressed to that
gentleman, t " From Marseilles, I journeyed to Salon, which is about twenty miles;
here I saw the tomb of the famous French prophet, Nostradamus : his works I have
seen ; every line is an independent riddle ; it may be said of them, as of the oracles
of the Sibyls, that they are sown at random in the large field of time, there to take
root and get credit by the event, as these have done : for example, when the French
took Arras, (his verse was found in Nostradamus: Les Heretiers des Crapaux
prenderont Sara. By the heirs of the toads is meant the French (the three toads
being their arms before the flowers de lys) ; Sara you must read backwards and the
thing is done. Upon our king s death, they found this verse: Le Senat de Lon-
dres metteront a JVIort le Roy; and upon Cromwell s success in Flanders this;
Les (le) Oliver se plantera en Terra firme. Shall get footing on the continent.
t The letter is dated from Paris, Aug. 19, 1659.
228 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Latin verses. C. Romstet sc. Svo. The arms have a
near relation to those of the noble family of Annandale;
but no mention is made of this person in the account of
that house in Douglas s " Peer age of Scotland"
JOHAN JoHNSTONus,M.D. natus anno Dom. 1603;
four Latin lines. J. C. fecit.
Dr. John Johnston appears to have been a physician settled
abroad. I am strongly of opinion that he was author of the follow
ing book : "A Description of the Nature of four-footed Beasts,
with their figures engraven in Brass, written in Latin, by Dr. John
Johnston. Translated into English, by J. P." Amsterdam, 1678;
folio. In the copy of this book, in my possession, are subjoined to
the letter-press, which consists of one hundred and nineteen pages,
eighty folio copper-plates. Many of the figures in these prints
have been copied for Dr. Hill s " Natural History." The author,
at the conclusion of his preface, promises the reader a " History of
Serpents and Insects." I am certain that there is a continuation of
this work, but cannot say to what length it was carried.
WILLIELMUS DAVISONUS, nobilis Scotus, Re
gis Polonise Protomedicus, JEt. 69. D. Scultz p. Lorn*
bart sc. Svo.
; EMPIRICS. .... os ,.:. . ,.. j..
GULIELMUS SALMON, medicine professor, M.
23, 1667. White sc.
GULIELMUS SALMON, c. JEt. 26, 1670. Slier-
win sc. Before his " Polygraphice ;"
GULIELMUS SALMON, &c. Burnford sc. Before his
Synopsis Medicine? .
OF ENGLAND. 229
GUIL. SALMON. V. Gucht,
GUIL. SALMON. V. Hove.
GUIL. SALMON, JEt. 42; with arms; prefixed to his
"Polygraphice" 1685; Svo.
William Salmon was an early pretender to physic, which he prac
tised, with various success, for a long course of years. He pub
lished a considerable number of medical books, the chief of which
is his " Seplasium," " The compleat Physician, or the Druggist s
Shop opened ; explicating all the Particulars of which Medicines
this Day are composed and made," &c. in a thick octavo, consist
ing of 1207 pages. His great work is a large Herbal in folio, which
was intended as an improvement of that of Gerard ; but is much
inferior to it. His " Polygraphice, or the Arts of Drawing, En
graving, Etching, Limning, Painting," &c. not to mention those of
alchymy, making the grand elixir, chiromancy, and many others,
has sold better than all the rest of his works : the tenth edition of
it was printed in 1701. He had a large library, which was/ar more
copious than valuable: the same may be said of his compilations.
He was a great vender of nostrums, which was, and is still, a much
better trade than that of book-making. Dr. Garth plainly hints at
this author in his Dispensary :
" Cowslips and poppies o er his eyes he spread,
And Salmon s works he laid beneath his head."
See the following reign.
Vera et Viva Effigies ANTHONII COLLEY, Med.
Londinensis, JEtat. SUCE 41 ; Nat. in Anno 1628.
The following publication is under his name: "A more full
Discovery of the Use and Virtue of the Golden Purging Pills."
London, 1671.
^LIONEL LOCKYER, JEt. 70. Start sc. Four
English verses.
230 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
LIONEL LOCKYER. J. Sturt ; 4to.
LIONEL LOCKYER. R. White; Svo.
Lionel Lockyer was famous for his pill, which was in high vogue
in this reign. Its reputation was too great to be of long continu
ance. He died the 26th of April, 1672, in the 72d year of his age,
and lies buried in the church of St. Saviour s, Southwark ; where a
handsome monument is erected to his memory, with his effigy at full
length. This is his epitaph, written by some empiric in poetry.
" Here Lockyer lies interr d, enough; his name
Speaks one hath few competitors in fame;
A name so great, so gen ral, it may scorn
Inscriptions which do vulgar tombs adorn.
A dimunition tis to write in verse
His eulogies, which most men s mouths rehearse :
His virtues and his pills are so well known,
That envy can t confine them under stone :
But they ll survive his dust, and not expire
Till all things else, at th universal fire.
This verse is lost; his pills embalm him safe
To future times, without an epitaph."
His pills are now sold by Newbury, bookseller, in St. Paul s Church
yard.
JOSEPH BLAGRAVE, of Reading, student in
physic and astrology, aged 72. Before his " Intro
duction to Astrology " 1682; Svo.
Joseph Blagrave was author of a large Supplement to Culpe-
per s Herbal, to which is added, " An Account of all the Drugs
that were sold in the Druggists and Apothecaries Shops, with their
Dangers and Corrections." To this book is subjoined " A new
Tract of Chirurgery ;" Svo. He was also author of " The Astrolo
gical Practice of Physic, discovering the true Method of curing all
Kinds of Diseases, &c. by such Herbs and Plants as grow in our
Nation ;" Svo. In the " Biographia," p. 84, is an extract of a curious
manuscript, written by a person of both his names. It is entitled,
" A Remonstrance in favour of ancient Learning, against the proud
Pretensions of the Moderns, more especially in Respect to the Doc-
OF ENGLAND. 231
trine of the Stars." It is addressed to Mr. B. of Swallowfield,* in
Berkshire.
LANCELOT COELSON (or COLSON), student in
astrology and physic ; I2mo.
There is another print of him with the same inscrip
tion, and about the same size, but in other respects
different. John Dunst all fecit.
Lancelot Colson was author of the following book, viz. " Philo-
sophia Maturata, or the practick and operative Part of the Philoso
pher s Stone, and the Calcination of Metals, with the Work of St.
Dunstan concerning the Philosopher s Stone, and the Experiments
of Rumelius, and the preparation of Angel. Sala." Lond. 1668 ;
12mo.
" JACOBUS COOKE, medlcus ac chirurgus peri-
tissimus : qui quse indefesso studio, et multorum anno-
rum experientia, comperit usui fore ad praesentem sa-
nitatem tuendam, amissamque recuperandam, non in-
videt humano generi. .ZEtatis suae 64." R. White sc.
Svo.
JACOBUS COOKE; different from the former ; JEt.
71. R.W. sc. Svo. These heads are before the several
editions of his " Marrow of Chirurgery"
James Cooke, of Warwick, was a general undertaker in physic
as well as surgery. He, by uniting two professions, carried on a
very lucrative trade in that town for a long course of years. He
* Probably Mr. William Backhouse, a very noted astrologer and chymist of that
place, who communicated many secrets to Mr. Ashmole, and caused him, according
to an ancient custom among Hermetic philosophers, to call him father. The latter
informs us, "that on the 13th of May, 1653, his father Backhouse told him, in syl
lables, the true matter of the philosopher s stone ;" he being at that time apprehen
sive of death. See Ashmole s " Diary," p. 29, 30.
232 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was author of " Melificium Chirurgise, or the Marrow of Chirur-
gery." To a latter edition of this book is subjoined a Treatise of
Anatomy, and another entitled, " The Marrow of Physic ;" 4to.
WILLIAM WALWIN, M. 80. R. White sc. I2mo.
Before his book mentioned below.
It is evident, from the print, that he was not eighty years of age
when it was engraved. It is not unusual to alter the date of a
portrait for different editions of an author s works.
William Walwin, who lived at the Star, in the Postern, by Little
Moorfields, published a book in this reign, entitled, " Physic for
Families/ This physic the doctor prepared himself, and recom
mends it as answering all intentions of cure, in every kind of dis
temper, by sea and land: and that "without the trouble, hazard,
pain, or danger of purges, vomiters, bleedings, issues, glisters,
blisters, opium, antimony, and quicksilver, so full of perplexity in
sickness."* He tells us, that he is not without hope of seeing all
these excluded from practice, to the perpetual security, ease, and
quiet, of all patients whatsoever. He has given us a list of thirty-
three of his own nostrums, together with a detail of their virtues.
Among these are his succus vitse, his sanguis vitee, his medulla
vitse, his vis vitae, and his vita vitae. The latter part of his book
contains a recital of his cures, in about fifty instances. We are left
to credit him upon his own testimony, as there is not a single affi
davit to confirm it. The practice of procuring and printing oaths,
seems to be a modern improvement of empiricism.
VALENTINE GREATRAKS. Fait home f. strok
ing a mans face ; frontispiece to " A brief Account of
Mr. V. Greatraks, and of divers of the strange Cures by
him performed ;" written by himself in a letter to R. B.
(Robert Boyle, esq.) 1668 ; 4*0.
VALENTINE GREATRAKS. W. Richardson;
* " Physic for Families," p. 13, edit. 1674.
OF ENGLAND. 233
VALENTINE GREATRAKS. Caulfidd ; 8vo.
Valentine Greatraks, an Irish gentleman, had a strong impulse
upon his mind to attempt the cure of diseases, by touching or strok
ing the parts affected. He first practised in his own family and
neighbourhood ; and several persons were, in all appearance, cured
by him of different disorders. He afterward came into England,
where his reputation soon rose to a prodigious height ; but it de
clined almost as fast, when the expectations of the multitudes that
resorted to him were not answered. Mr. Glanvill imputed his cures
to a sanative quality inherent in his constitution ; some to friction ;
and others to the force of imagination in his patients.* Of this
there were many instances ; one of which, if a fact, is related by
Mons. St. Evremond in a peculiar strain of pleasantry. It is cer
tain that the great Mr. Boyle believed him to be an extraordinary
person, and that he has attested several of his cures. His manner
of touching some women, was said to be very different from his
usual method of operation. f
I was myself a witness of the powerful workings of imagination in the populace, In 1751,
when the waters of Glastombury were at the height of their reputation. The virtues
of the spring there, were supposed to be supernatural ; and to have been discovered
by a revelation made in a dream, to one Matthew Chancellor. The people did not
only expect to be cured of such distempers as were in their nature incurable, but
even to recover their lost eyes, and their mutilated limbs. The following story,
which scarce exceeds what 1 observed upon the spot, was told me by a gentleman
of character. " An old woman in the workhouse at Yeovil, who had long been a
cripple and made use of crutches, was strongly inclined to drink of the Glastonbury
waters, which she was assured would cure her of her lameness. The master of the
workhouse procured her several bottles of water, which had such an effect, that she
soon laid aside one crutch, and not long after, the other. This was extolled as a
miraculous cure. But the man protested to his friends, that he had imposed upon
her, and fetched the waters from an ordinary spring." I need not inform the
reader, that when the force of imagination had spent itself, she relapsed into her
former infirmity.
t In the reign of Charles I. an accusation was brought before the court of Star-
chamber, and afterward before the College of Physicians, against one John Leverett,
a gardener, who undertook to cure all diseases, but especially the king s eviJ, " by
way of touching, or stroking with the hand." He used to speak with great contempt
of the royal touch, and grossly imposed upon numbers of credulous people. He
asserted, that he was the seventh son of a seventh son ; and profanely said, that " he
found virtue to go out of him ; so that he was more weakened by touching thirty or
forty in a day, than if he had dug eight roods of ground. He also affirmed, that
if he touched a woman, he was much more weakened than if he had touched a
roan.
TOL. V. <2 H
234 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SURGEONS. .^wu,:^ ^
JOHANNES BROWNE, Norvicensis, chirurgus,
. 35, 1677. H. Morland del. R. White sc. $vo. -<<*
JOHANNES BROWNE, regis majestati chirurgus ordi-
narius, M. 36, 1678; 4to. . $jfy
JOHANNES BROWNE, &c. JEt. 39, 1681. R. White
sc. h. sh.
JOHANNES BROWNE, JEt. 54, 1696. R. White #c.
John Browne, who, for his singular merit in his profession was
made surgeon to the king, was author of the following books.
1. "A Treatise of preternatural Tumours," 1678; 8vo. 2. "A
Discourse of Wounds," 1678 ; 4to. 3. " A Treatise of the Mus
cles," in folio, of which there have been several editions. His
portraits are prefixed to these books. He was also author of
" Charisma Basilicon, or the Royal Gift of Healing Strumaes, or
King s Evil," 12mo. 1684 ; to which is prefixed the curious print of
King Charles II. touching for the evil, by R. White.
THOMAS BRUGIS ; in a small oval. T. Cross sc.
He is represented above, performing an operation on a
man s head : below is a chymical laboratory. The print,
He was, by the censors of the college, adjudged an impostor. See Dr. Charles
Goodall s " Historical Account of the College s Proceedings against Empirics,"
p. 447, &c.
Greatraks says, in his account of himself and his cures, that he " met with
several instances which seemed to him to be possession by dumb devils, deaf devils,
and talking devils ; and that to his apprehension, and others present, several evil
spirits one after the other have been pursued out of a woman, and every one of them
have been like to choke her (when it came up to her throat) before it went forth;
and when the last was gone she was perfectly well, and so continued."
OF ENGLAND. . 235
which is anonymous, is prefixed to several editions of his
" Vade Mecum, or a Companion for a Chirurgeon" the
6th of which ivas printed in I2mo. 1670.
POETS.
JOANNES MILTONUS, M. 62, 1670. Gul.
Fait home ad vivum delin. et sc. Before his " History
of Britain" 1670; 4to.
Vertue looked upon this head as the truest representation of Mil
ton.* The next print, and a great part of the following, especially
those done by Vertue, are copied from Faithorne.
JOANNES MILTONUS, &c. W. Dolle sc. small Svo.
Before his " Paradise Lost."
JOANNES MILTON, JEt. 62, 1670. Vertue sc. large
h. sh. One of the set of Poets , reckoned among the
capital works of this engraver.
JOHANNES MILTONUS, 2Et. 62, 1670. Vertue, sc.
Greek inscription; 4to.
JOHANNES MILTONUS. Vertue sc. Under the head
is Dry den s epigram, " Three poets" 8$c. Before his
" Works" in 2 vols. 4to.
MILTON ; oval; his name is in capitals at the top.
Vertue sc. Svo.
* Mrs. Foster, his granddaughter, who kept a chandler s shop in Pelharn-street,
Spitalfields, told Dr. Ward, late professor of rhetoric at Greshara College, " that
there were three pictures of her grandfather ; the first painted while he was a school
boy, then in the possession of Charles Stanhope, csq. ; the second, when he was
about twenty-five or twenty-six years of age ; and the third, when he was pretty well
advanced in years."
236 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MILTON ; betwixt Homer and Virgil. Vertue sc. Svo,
MILTON. Vertue sc. small 1 2 mo .
MILTON ; in a small round, encompassed with a ser
pent. Vertue sc.
MILTON ; " Cui mens divinior" 8$c. Vertue sc.
JOHN MILTON ; in the same plate with Chaucer, 8$c.
Vertue sc. Svo.
JOHANNES MILTON ; ex Museo J. Richardson.
Vertue sc. 1751; ornaments; large
JOHN MILTON. Richardson del. Vertue sc. a bust ;
h. sh.
JOHN MILTON. R. White sc. epig. " Three poets"
S$c. Another with the same epigram; before, the ninth
edition of his " Paradise Lost " without the engraver s
name.
GIOVANNI MILTON. Jn. Vandergucht sc. h. sh.
JOHN MILT ON; a square print ; , with a label under
the head. G. Vandergucht sc. neat.
MILTON. J.R.( Jonathan Richardson )sen r .f. From
an excellent portrait in crayons in his collection. Fron
tispiece to " Explanatory Notes and Remarks on Mil
ton s Paradise Lost, by J. Richardson, father and son ;"
Svo. 1734.
JOHN MILTON ; an anonymous etching, in the manner
of Richardson ; h. sh.
OF ENGLAND. 237
JOHN MILTON. J. Cipriani f. From a portrait in
crayons, now in the possession of Mess. Tonson, book
sellers ;* h. sh.
JOHN MILTON ; a profile. J. Richardson f. 1738;
8vo.
MILTON ; a bust. J. Richardson f. three Latin
verses.
This was done from a bust which belonged to the painter that
etched the print. The bust is said to have been done from a mould
taken from his face, and is indeed very like him.f
MILTON ; Svo. M. Bovi.
MILTON; 4to. P. v. Plus; G. Quinton; 1797.
MILTON ; a bold etching, nearly front face ; Pond or
Richardson ; small folio ; scarce.
MILTON. S. Cooper ; Caroline Watson. From the
original in the collection of the late Sir Joshua Reynolds;
a beautifully executed print, but certainly no portrait of
Milton. It is, I think, the portrait of Selden.
MILTON. Bartolozzi sc. In " Lives of the Poets."
JOHN MILTON. J. Cipriani f. From a bust in
plaister, modelled from the life ; now in the possession of
Thomas Holiis, F. R. and A. S. S.
* 1 have heard that the original receipt for 15/. paid to Milton for the copy of
his " Paradise Lost," as preserved by the Tonson family, and that it is still in
being.
t The prints of Milton by Richardson are not common.
238 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MILTON victorious over Salmasius. The head of the
former is on a term ; on the front of which is a small oval
head of the latter suspended on a palm-branch ; just above
which is a book, inscribed, " DBF. PRO POP. AN
GLIC." various ornaments ; h. sh. This is theffth of
the elegant prints of Milton drawn and etched by Cipri
ani, at the expense of the late Thomas Hollis, esq.
JOHANNES MILTONUS. M. Rysbrachius marm. sc.
pro Gul. Bensono, arm. G. Vandergucht sc. 1741 ; 4to.
JOHANNES MILTONUS. Green, jun r . del. Wood sc.
A small head in the title-page of Dobsoris Latin trans
lation of the " Paradise Lost."
Engraved from a medallion, which was done after the head on
his monument by Rysbrack. The monument was erected, the me
dallion struck, and the. translation procured, at the expense of Wil
liam Benson, esq. auditor of the imprests. Mr. Dobson had 1000/.
for the work.
MILTON ; a head only ; a small etching, inscribed
F. P. (Francis Perry.)
JOHANNES MILTON. Faber f. 4to. mezz. Before
Peck s " Memoirs of Milton" 1740. . - /orn ^
The print is much like the portrait from which it was taken ; but
it is evidently not genuine. It is in the possession of Mr. Peck s
widow.
This sublime genius, under the disadvantages of " poverty, blind
ness, disgrace, and old age," was alone equal to a subject which
carried him beyond the bounds of the creation. His " Paradise
Lost" was overlooked in the reign of Charles II. an age as destitute
of the noble ideas of taste, as it was of those of virtue. Some of
the small poets who lived in the sunshine of the court, and now and
OF ENGLAND. 239
then produced a madrigal or a song, were -much more regarded than
Milton.
" The nightingale, if he should sing by day
When every goose is cackling, would be thought
No better a musician than the wren."t SHAKSPEABE.
06. Nov. 1674.
See the two preceding reigns ; and the division of the HISTO
RIANS in the present.
JOHN DRYDEN, 1683, M. 52. John Riley p.
P. a Gunst sc. long and large wig.
It was from his wearing such a wig as this, that Swift compared
him to a lady in a lobster.! The print is before the first volume of
his " Virgil," in 8vo.
JOHN DRYDEN. G. Kneller p. Coignard sc. 1702;
large fol.
JOHN DRYDEN. G. Kneller ; N. Edelinck ; la. fol.
JOHN DRYDEN. G. Kneller ; J. Faber; mezz.
* It should be observed, that the prejudice against his poetry was, in a great
measure, owing to his bigoted attachment to his party. " There is a near relation,"
says an eminent author, " between poetry and enthusiasm : somebody said well,
that a poet is an enthusiast in jest ; and an enthusiast a poet in good earnest. It
is remarkable, that poetry made Milton an enthusiast, and enthusiasm made Norris
a poet."
t Lander has endeavoured to prove Milton a plagiary, not only by the grossest
fraud and falsehood, but also by such rules as will prove every poet to be of that
character, who wrote after Homer; and every historian, from the age of Herodotus,
to the present time. To think the same thoughts, to use the same words, and even
to range them in the same, or a similar order, is not always plagiarism, but the
natural and the necessary result of ideal combination. Somebody, 1 forget whom,
exclaims thus ; " Pereant, qui ante nos nostra dixerunt!"
\ See " the Battle of the Books."
Dr. Warburton s note, to line 521, part I. canto i. of Grey s " Hud."
240 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN DRYDEN. J* Closterman ; W. Fait home, jun.
mezz.
JOHN DRYDEN ; in a long wio\ J. Closterman ;
7 O O
W. Faithorne,jun.
JOHN DRYDEN, JEt. 62, 1693. Kneller; V.Gucht ;
Svo.
JOHN DRYDEN. Houbraken fecit. In Birch s
" Lives."
JOHN DRYDEN, with Wycherley, Prior, and Pope.
Kyte p. mezz.
JOHN DRYDEN, JEt. 67, 1698. Kneller; De Leeuw.
Svo.
JOHN DRYDEN ; in " Lives of the Poets." J. Sher-
win ; Svo.
JOHN DRYDEN, with Garth, Vanbrugh, and Steele.
J. Simon sc. mezz.
JOHN DRYDEN. G. Vertue. In the set of Poets ;
half sheet.
JOHN DRYDEN. G. Vertue ; llmo.
JOHN DRYDEN. Kneller; G. White; mezz.
Dryden was the father of true English poetry, and the most uni
versal of all poets. This universality has been objected to him as a
fault ; but it was the unhappy effect of penury and dependance.
He was not at liberty to pursue his own inclination ; but was fre
quently obliged to prostitute his pen to such persons and things as
a man of his talents must have despised. * He was the great im
prover of our language and versification. The chains of our Eng
lish bards were formerly heard to rattle only ; in the age of Waller
and Dryden, they became harmonious. He has failed in most of
OF ENGLAND. 241
his dramatic writings,* of which the prologues, epilogues, and pre
faces, are generally more valuable than the pieces to which they are
affixed. But even in this branch of poetry, he has written enough
to perpetuate his fame; as his " All for Love," his " Spanish
Friar," and " Don Sebastian," can never be forgotten. There was
a native fire in this great poet, which poverty could not damp, nor
old age extinguish. On the contrary, he was still improving as a
writer, while he was declining as a man ; and was far advanced in
years when he wrote his " Alexander s Feast," which is confessedly
at the head of modern lyrics, and in the true spirit of the ancients.
Great injury has been done him, in taking an estimate of his cha
racter from the meanest of his productions. It would be just as
uncandid, to determine the merit of Kneller, from the vilest of hjs
paintings.
SAMUEL BUTLER; after his portrait by Lely, in
the Picture Gallery at Oxford; h. sh. mezz. Another
in 4to. after the same original; mezz. The former was
probably done by Van Somer.
,
SAMUEL BUTLER ; from a picture painted by Lely,
for the lord-chancellor Clarendon; Lens del. 1749.
Nixon sc. neat. Before a small edition of " Hudibras."
From the original, which was in the possession of Charles
Longueville, esq.
SAMUEL BUTLER. Soestp. Vertue sc. small 4to.
Another, after the same painter, mezz.
SAMUEL BUTLER; oval; in the frontispiece to Ho
garth s set of prints to " Hudibras"
His portrait by Soest, or Zoust, is in the possession of Charles
Jennens, esq. in Ormond-street.f
* It should be remembered that he deserves a much severer censure for the im
morality in his plays, than for any defects in their composition.
t This gentleman s collection of pictures is worth the notice of the curious.
VOL. V. 2 I
242 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SAMUELIS BUTLER. Vertue sc. large h. sh. One of
the set of Poets.
SAMUEL BUTLER; e museo R. Mead, M. D. Vertue
sc. 1744; large Svo.
SAMUEL BUTLER; in an oval. W. Hogarth; J.
Thane; Svo.
SAMUEL BUTLER. Cook sc. 1778 ; in Bell s "Poets"
I2mo.
SAMUEL BUTLER. Sir P. Lely ; Ridley sc. In Grey s
" Hudibras" Svo. 1801.
SAMUEL BUTLER ; two small prints by Vertue ; one
looking to the right, and the other to the left.
SAMUEL BUTLER; small ; in the same plate with
Chaucer, <$$c. Vertue sc. Svo.
SAMUEL BUTLER ; before the curious translation of
his " Hudibras" in French verse,* printed with the
original, Lond. 1757, 3 tomes, I2mo. with notes and
cuts.^
A mezzotinto print of Lord Grey has been altered to
Butler.
There is an undoubted original picture of Butler, in the posses
sion of Thomas Hayter, esq. of Salisbury. This is the portrait that
formerly belonged to Mr. Longueville.
* I am very credibly informed that this translation was done by Mr. Townley, a
gentleman of fortune in Lancashire, who has been allowed by the French to under
stand their language as well as the natives themselves.
t The cuts are for the most part copied from Hogarth. The epistle to Sidrophel
is omitted, as having no connexion with the rest of the poem.
OF ENGLAND. 243
Butler stands without a rival in burlesque poetry. His " Hudi
bras" is, in its kind, almost as great an effort of genius as the
" Paradise Lost itself. It abounds with uncommon learning, new
rhymes, and original thoughts. Its images are truly and naturally
ridiculous : we are never shocked with excessive distortion or
grimace ; nor is human nature degraded to that of monkeys and
yahoos. There are in it many strokes of temporary satire, and
some characters and allusions which cannot be discovered at this
distance of time. The character of Hudibras is, with good reason,
believed to have been intended for Sir Samuel Luke ;* and that of
Whachum, but with much less probability, for Captain George
Wharton.f Ob. Sept. 1680.J
ABRAHAMUS COULEIUS. W. Faithorne f. a
bust. Before his Latin Poems, 1668; Svo.
ABRAHAM COWLEY. W. Faithorne sc. Before his
t/
Works, fol. 1673. The head was first prefixed to this
edition.
There are two plates ; the one without the date, 1687,
is the first, and in its original state was ajine portrait.
* Dr. Grey informs us, that Sir Samuel Rosewell, of Ford Abbey, in Devonshire,
was by pome thought to be the hero of Butler. We are told by the same author,
that Sir Paul Neal, who constantly affirmed that Butler was not the author of
" Hudibras," has, by some, been taken for the person characterized under the
name of Sidrophel ; but others, with much greater probability, believe that the
person meant was Lilly the astrologer. The former " was the gentleman, who, I am
told," says Dr. Grey, " made a great discovery of an elephant in the moon, which
upon examination, proved to be no other than a mouse which had mistaken its
way, and got into his telescope." See Grey s " Hud." ii. 388, &c. 10.5, 1st edit.
t Afterward Sir George Wliarton. See " Biographia," Artie. SHERBURNE,
Note (B).
J Though it is said in his Life, prefixed to some editions of his " Hudibras," that
he was neglected by Charles the Second, yet the very learned and ingenious com
municator of this note,$ was many years ago informed by a gentleman of unques
tionable veracity, that Mr. Lowndes, then belonging to the treasury, and, in the
reigns of King William and Queen Anne, secretary of it, had declarer!, in his
hearing, that by order of Charles, he had paid to Butler, a yearly pension of IOOL
to the time of his decease.
Dr. Zachary Pearce, late bishop of Rochester.
244 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ABRAHAM COWLEY. Godfrey sc. In the " Antiqua
rian Repertory," 4to.
ABRAHAM COWLEY. Hall sc. In Dr. Johnsorfs
"Poets." : ; ^ ;] r ? : ;
ABRAHAMUS COULEIUS. Vertue sc. large h. sh.
o
One of the set of Poets.
ABRAHAM COWLEY. Vertue sc. Svo.
ABRAHAM COWLEY. Vertue sc. IZmo.
ABRAHAM COWLEY; small; in the same plate with
Chaucer, 8$c. Svo.
ABRAHAM COWLEY, &c. <S. de Leeuwf.
There is an excellent head of him, by Zinck, after Lely, in the
collection of miniatures at Strawberry-hill.
This has lately been well engraved, and prefixed to
his select works, published by Dr. Hurd.
Cowley, who helped to corrupt the taste of the age in which he
lived, and had himself been corrupted by it, was a remarkable in
stance of true genius, seduced and perverted by false wit. But
this wit, false as it was, raised his reputation to a much higher
pitch than that of Milton. There is a want of elegance in his
words, and of harmony in his versification ; but this was more than
atoned for, by his greatest fault, the redundancy of his fancy.* His
Latin poems, which are esteemed the best of his works, are written
in the various measures of the ancients, and have much of their
unaffected beauty. He was more successful in imitating the ease
and gaiety of Anacreon, than the bold and lofty flights of Pindar.
He had many humble imitators in his Pindarics, whose verses
differ as widely from his own, as the first and the last notes of a
* Dryden and Cowley have been ranked in the first class of the prose writers of
their age. This reminds me of an observation of Bishop Atterbury : That he never
knew a man excel in prose, who had not at least a taste for poetry.
OF ENGLAND. 245
multiplied echo.* His " Burning-Glasses of Ice," and other meta
phors, which are not only beyond, but contrary to, nature, were
generally admired in the reign of Charles II. The standard of true
taste was not then established. It was at length discovered, after a
revolution of many ages, that the justest rules and examples of
good writing are to be found in the works of ancient authors ; and
that there is neither dignity nor elegance of thought or expression,
without simplicity. Ob. 28 July, 1667, Mt. 49.f
EDMUNDUS WALLERUS, JEt. 76. Lely p.
P. Vandrebanc sc. Svo. Before his Works. This has
been copied.
EDMUND WALLER, JEt. 76. Vertue sc. Ylmo.
EDMUND WALLER. Kneller p. 1684. Vertue sc.
1727 ; large h.sh. One of the set of Poets.
EDMUNDWALLER. Kneller p. Vertue sc. large 4 to .
Before thejine edition of his Works.
EDMUND WALLER; small; in the same plate with
Chaucer, 8$c. Vertue sc. Svo.
EDMUNDWALLER; a small oval; in a head-piece,
to the quarto edition of his Works. G. Vanderguchtsc.
EDMUND WALLER. Caldwall sc. In Johnson s
" Poets" Svo.
See an account of him in the reign of CHARLES I.
* I have somewhere seen the Pindarics of these authors compared to a giant and
a dwarf dancing together ; and indeed, not unaptly ; the long yerses appear heavy,
and the short appear lame.
t It has been observed, to the honour of Cowley, that the Royal Society " had its
beginning" from his notion of a philosophical college-! It should be remembered
to his honour, that no great poet, scarce any great man, ever had fewer enemies. His
maxim was, " never to reprehend any body but by the silent reproof of a better
practice."
Dr. Campbell s " Hcnnippus Kediviyus," p. 62, edit. 2.
246 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY "
SIR JOHN DENHAM. In Grammonfs Me
moirs." Le Goux sc. 4to.
SIR JOHN DENHAM. Colly er sc. Svo.
Sir John Denham, the only son of Sir John Denham, of Little
Horsley, in Essex, was born in Dublin, in the year 1615, where
his father was chief baron of the Exchequer, and one of the lords
justices of Ireland. He was early sent to Oxford for education,
but was more addicted to cards and dice than to study. He after
ward removed to Lincoln s Inn, where he studied the common law
with sufficient appearance of application ; yet did not lose his
propensity for gambling ; and in consequence was very often
plundered by sharpers. After his father s decease he lost several
thousand pounds. He was made governor of Farnham Castle for
the king, which he soon resigned, and returned to Oxford, where,
in 1643, he published " COOPER S HILL." He was employed by
the royal family, and in 1648 conveyed James, duke of York, into
France. At the restoration, he was made surveyor of the king s
buildings, and dignified with the order of the Bath. Ob. 1668.
SIR WILLIAM DAVENANT, knt. Greenhill p.
Faithorne sc. Before his Works, 1673;/b/.
SIR WILLIAM DAVENANT, nat. 1605 ; 4fo.
Sir William Davenant, poet-laureat in the reigns of Charles I.
and II. was a man of great natural and improved talents, which he
unfortunately misapplied. He distinguished himself by a bold,
but unsuccessful attempt to enlarge the sphere of poetry. He
composed an heroic poem, called " Gondibert," in five books, after
the model of the drama; applauded himself greatly upon this in
vention ; and looked upon the followers of Homer as a timorous,
servile herd, that were afraid to leave the beaten track. This per
formance, which is rather a string of epigrams than an epic poem,
was not without its admirers, among whom were Waller and Cow-
ley. But the success did not answer his expectation. When the
novelty of it was over, it presently sunk into contempt ; and he at
length found, that when he strayed from Homer he deviated from
OF ENGLAND. 247
nature. Ob. 7 April, 1668, Mt. 63. See the reign of CHARLES I.
and the INTERREGNUM.
THOMAS OTWAY. Lely p. Browne; h.sh.mezz.
THOMAS OTWAY. M.Bealep. Houbrakensc. 1741.
In the possession of Gilbert West, esq. II lust. Head.
THOMAS OTWAY. L.du Guerniersc. I2mo. Before
his Works, 1712.
THOMAS OTWAY. Hall sc. In Johnson s " Lives of
the Poets."
No poet has touched the passions with a more masterly hand
than Otway. He was acquainted with all the avenues to the
human heart, and knew and felt all its emotions. He could rouse
us into rage, and melt us into pity and tenderness. His language
is that of nature, and consequently the simplest imaginable. He
has equally avoided the rant of Lee, and the pomp of Dryden.
Hence it was that his tragedies were received, not with loud ap
plause,* but with tears of approbation. f He died in extreme po
verty, April 14, 1685.
* The distinction of loud applause and tears of approbation, was well hit in an ex
cellent epigram on Garrick and Barry acting the part of Lear, the same season in
London.
The Town have two different ways,
Of praising the two King Lears.
To Barry, they give loud huzzas,
To Garrick, only tears.
t Otway has chiefly confined himself to those miseries of domestic life which
affect the generality of mankind, more than the fate of kings and heroes. Aristotle
indeed tells us, that tragedy should have what he calls the MeyeQo?, or greatness of
subject.^. But this Jo be understood with some latitude : there is a wide difference
between the tragedy of " Julius Caesar," and that of the " Unfortunate Tallow
Chandler."
Ecrnv oZv rpay&Sia (Ai^na-i/; rpae<w; ffitov$a.la.<; xai TEXgia;, piyifoq f%ov<rv<;
cap. iv.
This tragedy was never printed.
248 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIAM WYCHERLY, JEt. 28. Lelyp. Smith f.
1703; h. sh. - " V: ^
WILLIAM WYCHERLY, JEt. 28. Lelyp. M. Van-
dergucht sc. Before his Plays, I2mo.
WILLIAM WYCHERLY ; in the same plate with
Shakspeare, 8$c. Vcrtue sc. Before Jacob s " Lives of
the Dramatic Poets ;" Svo.
WILLIAM WYCHERLY ; small. G. Vandergucht sc.
a head-piece; in Lord Lansdown s Poems.
The Earl of Hallifax had a portrait of him by Murray.
The comedies of Wycherly are conformable to his personal cha
racter, which consisted of little virtue, much wit, and more liber
tinism. These were, in the reign of Charles II. the first qualifica
tions of a fine gentleman, and the strongest recommendation to the
favour of the court. The example of the wit and libertine on the
throne was more or less copied by all the beaus and rakes in the
kingdom. His " Plain Dealer," and his ** Country Wife," are
esteemed the best of his productions. The character of the Widow
Blackacre, in the former, is truly original, and the masterpiece of
this author.* If he had composed nothing but his poems, he would
have been one of the most neglected writers in the English lan
guage. Mr. Pope very generously undertook to correct them ; but
his vanity was too great to submit to such castigations as were ne
cessary to do honour to his reputation. Ob. Dec. 1715.
THOMAS KILLEGREW, groom of the bed-chamber to Charles
II. was more admired for his ready wit than his writings. He was
author of eleven plays, printed in one volume fol. 1664, with his
portrait, by Faithorne, prefixed. Of these, " The Parson s Wed-
* It has been supposed, with good reason, that the character of Manly, in the
" Plain Dealer," was intended for his own. If so, we may reasonably conclude, that
Mr. Wycherly was much addicted to cursing and swearing ; as Manly d ns both
his friends and foes. Be that as it will, this remark may serve as a feature of the
age of Charles II.
I , OF ENGLAND. 249
ding" met with the most general approbation. It is remarkable,
that no women appeared upon the stage before the restoration, and
that this comedy was acted by women only.* See Class VIII. see
also the Interregnum, Class V.
" SIR ASTON COCKAIN ; a laurelled bust, under
which are these lines, which seem to have been written by
Francis Kir kman 9 the bookseller, as the sale of his works,
to which it was the frontispiece,^ was the first thought
that occurred to the writer. It is certain that the print
was engraved at his expense.
" Come, reader, draw thy purse, and be a guest
To our Parnassus ; tis the Muses feast.
The entertainment needs must be divine ;
Apollo s th host, where Cockain s head s the sign."
Mr. Woody speaking of this head, justly observes that it
is no genteel face. What was genteel in it seems to have
been lost under the hand of an engraver, who could
* Dr. Percy, in his " Reliques of ancient Poetry,":}: informs us, that (in the reign
of Charles I.) parts in plays were performed by " no English actress on the public
stage, because Prynne speaks of it as an unusual enormity, that they had French
women actors in a plaj r , not long since personated in Blackfriars playhouse."
Coryate observed, with surprise, that women acted upon the stage at Venice.^
Barretti remarked, in the year 1760, that, in Clarendon s days, men s characters were
acted by women in Spain.)] But, in Sir Richard Wynne s account of the journey of
Prince Charles s servants into that country, in the year 1623, mention is made of a
comedy acted before the king and queen, at which the English were present. The
comedians consisted of men and women. " The men," says the author, " are in
different actors ; but the women are very good, and become themselves far better
than any that I ever saw act those parts, and far handsomer than any women I
t It is before the second edition of his works, or rather the first with a new title,
and the additional tragedy of Ovid, 1669, 8vo.
$ Vol. I. p. 140, 2d edit, notes.
" Crudities," p. 247.
|| " Travels," vol. iii. p. 23.
^[ See this piece, subjoined to "Vita Ric. II." published by Hearne, 1729, p. 330.
VOL. V. 2 K
250 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
*
doubtless, have degraded an animated bust to a barber s
block. The print may be placed in the reign of Charles
I. or II.
Sir Aston Cockain was a native of Ashbourne in the Peake, in
Derbyshire, where his ancestors had been long seated, and pos
sessed a considerable estate ; as they also did at Polesworth, in
Warwickshire. He studied at Oxford and Cambridge, and was a
fellow-commoner of Trinity College, in the latter university. Having
been some time at the inns of court, he travelled over a great
part of Europe with Sir Kenelm Digby. The politeness of his
manners, his love of the liberal arts, and his vein of poetry, though
not of the richest and purest kind, gained him much esteem. As
he was known to be of the church of Rome, and therefore deemed
a malignant, he suffered as such by the iniquity of the times. This,
together with his convivial disposition and neglect of economy, re
duced him to a necessity of selling his estate at Polesworth, which
was purchased by Humphrey Jennings, esq. He had, however, the
prudence to reserve a competent annuity for himself. The lord
ship of Ashbourne was sold, after his death, to Sir William
Boothby, bart. He died in February, 1684, in the 78th year of
his age. He was author of four plays, and poems on various sub
jects; and translated, from the Italian, " Dianea," esteemed a good
romance.
At this time flourished Sir George Etherege, and other play
wrights, whose writings were adapted to the licentiousness of the
court, and the prevailing manners of the age. Sir George was
author of " Sir Fopling Flutter," Love in a Tub," and " She
wou d if she cou d." It must, however, be acknowledged, that Sir
George was more chaste in expression than Wycherley.
" The fair sat panting at a courtier s play,
.And not a mask went uniinprov d away :
The modest fan was lifted up no more,
And virgins smiled at what they blush d before.
These monsters, critics! with your darts engage,
Here point your thunder, and exhaust your rage."
POPE. See GRANGER S " Letters," p. 278.
JOHN OLDHAM. M. Vandergucht sc. Before his
Works, Svo.
OF ENGLAND. 251
JOHN OLDHAM. Dobson ; Scheneker, 1792.
There is a fine small head of him, in oil, at Strawberry -
hill, engraved for Har ding s " Mir r our"
John Oldham was the son of a nonconforming minister, who, in
the time of the usurpation, was rector of Shipton, in Gloucestershire.
He was educated at Edmund Hall, in Oxford, and was some time
usher of a school at Croydon, in Surrey. Here he wrote his Satires
against the Jesuits, occasioned by the popish plot, in 1678. These
satires gained him the appellation of the English Juvenal, as they have
much of the indignant spirit and manner of the Roman poet. They
are censured for their incorrectness ; but this seems to be the effect
of that youthful fire to which they owe their excellence. He ap
pears to have been no enemy to the fashionable vices of this reign ;
and as he was of a very different turn from his father, the character
of the old parson, at the end of his works, is supposed to have
been designed for him. It is perhaps the most extravagant carica
ture that ever was drawn, and is incomparably more outre than the
Menalcas of Bruyere. He died at the house of his patron, William,
earl of Kingston, the 9th of December, 1683, in the 30th year of
his age.
JOHN, earl of Rochester. Clark sc. \1rno.
Though the Earl of Rochester was in the highest repute as a
satirist, he was but ill entitled to that distinction : his satires are
not only unpolite, but grossly indecent. His poem " On Nothing/
and his " Satire against Man," are a sufficient proof of his abili
ties : but it must be acknowledged, that the greatest part of his
works are trivial or detestable. He has had a multitude of readers :
so have all other writers, who have soothed, or fallen in with, the
prevailing passions and corruptions of mankind. Ob. 26 July,
1680, Mt. 33.* See Class III.
* In the preface to " Thomae Can Vindicice Aritiquitatis Academise Oxoniensis,"
p. 49, is this note of T. Hcarne : " Bishop Butnet makes Lord Rochester to have
been only something above thirty-two years of age ; but Gadbury, in his Ahmv
nack for 1695, tells us that he was born on April 10, 11 h. mane, 1647, arid died
July 26, 1680, being then somewhat above 33 years old. He says, that he re
ceived tlie account of his birth from his lordship himself."
252 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANDREW MARVELL, esq. octagon. Before his
Poems, 8$c. 1681 ; fol. .... " \ :,.. "
ANDREW MARVELL, esq. I2mo. copied from the
above,
Andrew Marvell was an admirable master of ridicule, which he
exerted with great freedom in the cause of liberty and virtue. He
never respected vice for being dignified, and dared to attack it
wherever he found it, though on the throne itself.* There never
was a more honest satirist. His pen was always properly directed,
and had some effect upon such as were under no check or restraint
from any laws human or divine. He hated corruption more than
he dreaded poverty; and was so far from being venal, that he could
not be bribed by the king into silence, when he scarce knew how to
procure a dinner. His satires give us a higher idea of his pa
triotism, parts, and learning, than of his skill as a poet. His poem
entitled, " Flecno, the English priest at Rome," is remarkable for
a humorous character of that poetaster. The name of Mac-Flecno
was afterward applied by Dryden to Shadwell. He died the 16th
of August, 1678. His death was generally believed to have been
occasioned by poison.
CHARLES COTTON, esq. Lely p. Ryland sc.
From an original painting, in the possession of Brooke
Boothby, of Ashburne-hall, esq. Before his "Life"
prefixed to an elegant and curious edition of his " Com
plete Angler," published together with Isaac Walton s,
by Sir John Hawkins, 1670 ; Svo.
CHARLES COTTON, esq. in an oval. W. Richard
son.
* In some of the State Poems, Charles II. is ridiculed under the nickname of
Old Rowley, which was an ill-favoured stallion kept in the Meuse, that was
remarkable for getting fine colts. Mrs. Holford, a young lady much admired by
Charles, was sitting in her apartment, and singing a satirical ballad upon " Old
Rowley the King," when he knocked at her door. Upon her asking who was
there ? he, with his usual good humour, replied, " Old Rowley himself, rnadam."
OF ENGLAND. 253
CHARLES COTTON, esq. P. Audinet.
This ingenious and accomplished gentleman was son of that
Charles Cotton whose portrait is so finely drawn by Lord Claren
don, in the excellent group of his friends, in the Memoirs of his
own Life. He was educated at Cambridge, where he was esteemed
one of the ornaments of that university. He was a great master of
the modern languages, particularly of the French ; from which,
among other things, he has translated the " Horace" of Corneille,
the " Life of the Duke of Espernon," and Montaigne s " Essays."
The last of these translations was deservedly applauded. He also
translated several of Lucian s dialogues into English, and some
poems from Horace, Catullus, &c. He was author of a poem on
" The Wonders of the Peak," and other original pieces. The
most celebrated of his works is his " Virgil Travestie," in which he
so far succeeded, as to be deemed next to Butler in burlesque ; but
the reader, upon comparing these two authors, will find a very great
disparity in their characters.* He was sociable, hospitable, and
generous ; but as he was far from being an economist, he, in the
latter part of his life, was much involved in debt, and perpetually
harassed with duns, attornies, and bailiffs.
SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE translated the Pastor Fido"
of Guarini, and the " Lusiad" of Camoens.f Sir John Denham
speaks thus of the former translation :
* The following lines of Virgil, and the parody of them by Cotton, are selected ;
as the last contains one of bis happiest strokes.
At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem,
Irrigat; et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos
Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis amaracus ilium
Floribus et dulci aspirans complectitur umbra.
" jEneid," I. v. 695.
But Venus gave him t other sop,
That made him sleep like any top ;
And whilst he taking was a nap,
She laid him neatly in her lap,
And carried him to a house that stood
Upon a hill, in an old wood :
And when she had the urchin there,
She laid him up in lavender.
t Camoeus is commonly called the Portuguese Homer, The subject of his poem
is the expedition for the discovery of the East Indies. He excelled in description
254 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" A new and nobler way thou dost pursue
To make translations, and translators too :
They but preserve the ashes, thou the flame ;
True to his sense, but truer to his fame."
His version of the Lusiad" is not so spirited a performance as
that of the " Pastor Fido." See Class V.
A. BROME, 1661; motto, " Carmina desmit: A.
Hertochsf. Before his Songs and Poems, 1661 ; Svo.
A. BROME. Logganf. two prints; one with a band,
the other with a neckcloth; Svo.
There is another, without the name of the engraver,
prefixed to the second edition of his Poems, Svo. 1664,
Alexander Brome, an attorney, in the lord mayor s court, was
author of songs, madrigals, epigrams, and other little pieces of
poetry. His songs were much sung by the cavaliers, and played
by every fiddler. The loyalty and the tune appear to have been
the chief recommendation of these compositions. His most con
siderable performance is a translation x>f Horace. He died in June,
1666, to the great regret of all his friends, who lost a very agree
able companion.
THOMAS HOBBES; a small head; in the en
graved title to his translation of the Works of Homer,
1677; I2mo.
and personification. In canto v. stanza 57, &c. &c. he has personized a dangerous
promontory, which is described as a colossal figure of a man of a most tremendous
appearance. It is supposed to address itself, in a voice like thunder, to the adven
turers, and to foretell the disasters that were to befall any future fleet which should
sail that way. This has been much admired. Mr. Dryden very justly censures
him for introducing Bacchus and Christ into the same adventure in his fable. (Pre
face to the " State of Innocence.") This celebrated poet, who is the boast and
disgrace of his country, was long banished from it, and died miserably in a
hospital.
OF ENGLAND. 255
This celebrated person was author of a poem, " De Mirabilibus
Pecci," on the Wonders of the Pvak, which is the best of his poetical
performances. He has given us a translation of Homer, which
contains no more of the spirit of that great poet, than the old,
vapid, Latin translation commonly affixed to his works. See more
of him lower down in this Class.
JACOBUS ALBANUS GHIBBESIUS, &c. Before
his Latin Poems, printed at Rome, 1668 ; 8vo. Under
the head is the following distich :
" Tot pro Ghibbesio certabunt regna, quot urbes
Civem Mseoniden asseruere suum."
James Alban Ghibbes, or Gibbes, was son of William Gibbes,
physician to Queen Henrietta Maria, and Mrs. Mary Stoner, of the
ancient family of that name in Oxfordshire.* He was born in
France, where he received the greatest part of his education. He
afterward studied physic at Padua. In 1644 he settled at Rome,
where he was made physician to the Bishop of Frescati ; lecturer
of rhetoric, in the Sapienza; and canon of St. Celsus. In 1667,
the Emperor Leopold created him his poet-laureat, and at the
same time sent him a gold chain and medal, which he soon after
presented to the university of Oxford, together with his poems.
He was, in return, created doctor of physic by diploma. He died 1670.
in 1677, and was buried in the Pantheon. He wrote and pub
lished an epithalamium upon the Duke of York and Dutchess of
Inspruck, though the marriage was never concluded : it consisted
of some thousands of verses, together with an ample comment.
Mr. Warton ranks him with Camillo Querno, the arch-poet. See
Wharton s " Life of Dr. Bathurst."f See also Wood s " Athenee,"
&c.
The estate belonging to this family, formerly extended from Watlington, in
Oxfordshire, almost as far as Reading, in Berkshire.
t This ingenious poet wrote a piece of solemn irony in praise of Gibbes, of which
I shall transcribe a specimen from the book last quoted. " Carmen in honore viri
celeberrimi, et principis poetarum, domini doctoris Gibbesii ; cum diploma a Caisarea
majestate sibi ex merito concessum, eeternitati in musarum templo Oxonii con-
secrasset.
256 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
THOMAS FLATMAN. Hay Is p. R. White % sc.
Before his " Songs and Poems" 1682 ; Svo.
Thomas Flatman was one of the unsuccessful imitators of Pindar,
or rather of Cowley, in a species of poetry which pleased more from
its novelty, than its excellence, in that celebrated writer. He
composed Pindaric odes on the death of the Duke of Albemarle,
the Earl of Ossory, Prince Rupert, and Charles II. The Duke of
Ormond was so pleased with that on the death of the Earl of
Ossory, his son, that he sent the author a ring, with a diamond
in it, worth 100/. It is no wonder that the heart of a father,
softened by the death of such a son, felt something in reading this
composition which an indifferent person cannot even imagine ; and
mistook the natural working of his own breast, for the art of the
poet. Flatman really excelled as an artist : a man must want ears
for harmony, that can admire his poetry, and even want eyes that
can cease to admire his painting. It does our author some honour,
that Mr. Pope has very closely copied several of his verses, in his
ode of " The dying Christian to his Soul."* See the Class of
Artists.
JOHANNES OGILVIUS. Lely p. Lombart sc.
large h. sh.
JOHANNES OGILVIUS. Lely p. Fait home sc. Be
fore his translation of " Virgil ;" folio.
" Oxonium, gratare tibi, nunc laeta theatri
Limina, Sheldoniasque arces Gibbesius intrat :
Cerne ut Apollinea redimitus tempora lauro
Effundit Jubar, et Phoebi patris ./Emulus ardet ;
Cerne renidentes vultus, vatemque Britannum
Caesareo rutilantem auro ; non dignior unquam
In Pluteos, Bodleie, tuos accesserat hospes.
Pande fores, nee enim tanti t.bi barbara gaza,
Thesaurique Arabum fuerint, non Lydius amnis,
Auriferi non unda Tagi," &c.
* See the " Adventurer," No. 63.
OF ENGLAND. 257
* JOHN OGILBY; frontispiece to his " Virgil,"
1649 ; Svo. W. Marshall.
JOHN OGILBY; prefixed to " Fables of JEsop" Svo.
(Gay wood.}
Though Ogilby was one of the worst poets of his time, he was
without a rival in point of industry. This virtue alone, if he had
had no other merit, would entitle him to some respect. He began
to study at an age when men usually think of leaving off all literary
pursuits ; and quickly made an astonishing progress. He could
scarce construe Virgil, when he entered upon a translation of that
poet ; and he was no less eager to translate Homer, though he was
far from being a competent master of English or Greek.* That he
had no success in these great attempts is not to be admired ; the
attempts themselves are matter of admiration. I shall pass over his
" Esop s Fables," and several other folios which he published, to
mention his " Carolies,"f an heroic poem in twelve books, in honour
of Charles I. on which he had been long labouring. This, which he
tells us, he had <c resolved to be the pride, divertisement, business,
and sole comfort of his age,"! was burnt in the fire of London.
His fortune was reduced, by that conflagration, to 51. only; but he,
in a few years retrieved his loss, by undertaking and finishing se
veral voluminous works. His last and greatest undertaking was
his " Atlas," which was alone a sufficient task for a man s life.
Three or four volumes, in folio, have been published of this work,
which he did not live to finish. It is well known that he was em
ployed by Charles II. to take a survey of the roads of the kingdom ;
and I have been informed, that the posts were regulated according
to that survey. Ob. 4 Sept. 1676.
* Mr. Pope, when a child, read Ogilby s " Homer" with a pleasure that left the
most lasting impression upon his mind. He could, even at that tender age, discern
much of the majesty of the Grecian poet, through the thick clouds with which he
was involved. What is truly great, or sublime, in painting or poetry, cannot easily
be annihilated by a copy or a translation. If a common sign painter, were to copy
Raphael s celebrated picture of St. Michael the archangel, there is no question but
he would make a devil of him ; but we should still see some imperfect traces of the
angelic character.
t Wood, by mistake, calls it Carolics.
J Preface to his " Africa :" where there is an entertaining account of his works by
himself. He exults upon his haying published so many royal folios with beautiful cuts*
VOL. V. 2 L
258 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MATTHEW STEVENSON. QJIOO /VO!,/
" The printer s profit, not my pride,
Hath this idea signify d;
For he pushed out the merie pay,
And Mr. Gaywood made it gay."
R. Gaywood f.
MATTHEW STEVENSON. W. Richardson.
Matthew Stevenson was author of two small books of poems in
duodecimo, the first of which was entitled, " OCCASION S OFF
SPRING, or Poems upon several Occasions," printed in London,
1645, with his portrait prefixed. The other is entitled, " Poems;
or, a Miscellany of Sonnets, Satyrs, Drollery, Panegyrick, Elegies,
&c. at the instance and request of several Friends, Times and
Occasions composed ; and now at their command collected and
committed to the Press, by the author, M. Stevenson, London,
1673."
; SAMUEL SPEED. F. Van Hovef. I2mo.
What here thou viewest is the graver s art,
A shape of man, only the outward part .
Peruse the book, therein more plainly read
VERA EFFIGIES SAMUELIS SPEED.
Samuel Speed studied the works of Herbert and Quarles, whose
books are represented in the same print with his portrait. He was
only inferior to the latter in point of copiousness. He was, among
other things, author of a manual, in verse, entitled, " Prison Piety."
RICHARD HEAD, sitting and writing, with a globe
before him, and a Satyr holding a chaplet of laurel over
his head. Beneath are sir verses, " The globe s thy
study" 8$c. signed J. F. Svo.
RICHARD HEAD; Svo. before his "Jests"
OF ENGLAND. 259
RICHARD HEAD; in CaulfielcTs " Remarkable Per
sons!
Richard Head, an Irishman, was some time a member of the
university of Oxford, whence he was taken for want of a compe
tent maintenance, and bound apprentice to a bookseller in Lon
don. He was afterward partner in trade with Francis Kirkman, of
the same occupation ; but neglecting his business in pursuit of
pleasure, he, to avoid his creditors, returned to his native country,
where he wrote " Hie et ubique, or the Humours of Dublin, a
Comedy," which was privately acted in that city with applause, and
printed at London, 1663. He again entered into partnership with
Kirkman, and was sometimes assisted by him in writing books for
their mutual support ; particularly in " The English Rogue." His
next considerable work is his " Proteus Redivivus, or the Art of
Wheedling or Insinuation." In 1674, he published " Jackson s
Recantation, or the Life and Death of the notorious Highwayman,
who was hanged in Chains at Hampsted;" and, in 1678, " Madam
Wheedle, or the fashionable Miss discovered," which are in 8vo.
He also published <c Venus s Cabinet unlocked," and " The floating
Island, or a Voyage from Lambethiana to Ramalia."* A book of
jests and novels, entitled, " Nugse Venales," which would have
served for a general title to his works. Roguery, fornication, and
cuckoldom, were the standing topics of this author, who was per
suaded that his books would sell in proportion to the prevalency of
these vices. He was of a lively genius, and had considerable know
ledge in the scenes of low life and debauchery. Some of his pieces
will naturally remind the reader of " The London Spy," and the
" Trips of Ned Ward. He was cast away in his passage to the
Isle of Wight, in the year 1678.
FRANCIS KIRKMAN, M. 41, 1673; $vo.
Francis Kirkman, citizen of London, was a bookseller and author.
He twice entered into partnership with Richard Head, and was
assisted by him in writing and publishing plays, farces, and drolls.
He is said to have dealt as largely in drollery of various kinds, as
* From Lambeth to Rani Alley.
260 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Curl did in obscenity and scandal. He has given us memoirs of his
own life, and probably led the way for John Dunton. He also
published " The Wits, or Sports upon Sports/ to which is pre
fixed his head. The book consists of twenty drolls, chiefly selected
from the comic scenes in Shakspeare s plays, intended for fairs. A
list of them is in Baker s " Biographia Dramatica."
SIR HENRY OXENDEN DE BARHAM, (knt.)
Glover sc. a small head, arms and crest, motto, " Non
est mortale quod opto" 1647.
SIR HENRY OXENDEN. W. Richardson.
I am informed, that this gentleman was author of " Religionis
Funus," a Latin poem, published in 1664, with his print prefixed.
He was great-grandfather to Henry Oxenden, esq. who was living in
1775, and with Mr. Thurbarne, was elected a representative for
Sandwich in the convention parliament that assembled in 1660.
In Alexander Ross s " Muses Interpreter," are two commenda
tory copies of verses, by Sir Henry Oxenden, of Barham.
Great Alexander conquered only men,
With swords, and cruel weapons used then,
But thou the Monsters, which Parnassus kill,
Brought forth vast vanquishes only with thy quill ;
He in his conquest sometimes suffered loss,
Thou none, my friend, Great Alexander Ross.
POETESSES.
MRS. BEHN. R. White sc. \2rno. This has been
copied by Cole.
Aphara Behn, a celebrated wit, was daughter of Mr. Johnson, a
gentleman of Canterbury, who, in this reign, resided at Surinam, in
the quality of lieutenant-general of that place. Here she became
acquainted with the person and adventures of Oroonoko, whose
story is well told by herself, but more feelingly in Southerne s cele-
OF ENGLAND. 261
brated play.* She gave Charles -IT. so good an account of that
colony, that he sent her to Antwerp during the Dutch war.
Here she entered, with her usual spirit, into various intrigues of
love and politics. She penetrated the design of the Dutch to sail
up the Thames, and transmitted her intelligence to the king. But
it was slighted, and even laughed at. Her plays, which are nume
rous, abound with obscenity ; and her novels are little better. Mr.
Pope speaks thus of her :
" The stage how loosely does Astraea tread,
Who fairly puts all characters to bed !"
The poet means behind the scenes. There is no doubt but she would
have literally put them to bed before the spectators ; but here she
was restrained by the laws of the drama, not by her own delicacy,
or the manners of the age. Sir Richard Steele tells us, that she
" understood the practic part of love better than the speculative."
06. 16 April, 1689.
MARGARET, dutchess of Newcastle, without her
name, standing in a niche ; a term of Mars on her right
hand, and another of Apollo on her left. Abr. a Die-
penbeke delin. P. Van Schuppen sc. Before her " Plays"
fol. 1668.
MARGARET, dutchess of Newcastle; sitting at her
study, under a canopy : she is attended by four Cupids,
two of whom are crowning her with a wreath of laurel.
By the same painter and engraver as the former ; h.
sheet.
MARGARET, dutchess of Newcastle, sitting with
flowers in her lap, under a bust of Homer, over which
is the judgment of Paris. Diepenbeke. Lombart ; folio.
* The tragedy of Oroonoko was republished, with alterations, in 1759, by Dr.
Hawkesworth, without his name.
262 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MARGARET, dutchess of Newcastle, sitting at her
study. W. Richardson.
DUTCHESS OF NEWCASTLE. Bocquet sc. In "Me
moirs of Grammont" Svo. 1809.
MARGARET, dutchess of Newcastle, sitting in a
chair. In " Noble Authors" by Mr. Park, 1806.
There is a portrait of her at Welbeck, by Diepenbec (alias Die-
penbeke), in a theatrical habit, which she usually wore.
This lady was daughter of Thomas Lucas, esq. and sister of Sir
John, afterward the first lord Lucas,* and second wife of William
* There is a very scarce folio volume of" Letters and Poems," printed in 1678.
It consists of 182 pages, filled with the grossest and most fulsome panegyric on the
Duke and Dutchess of Newcastle, especially her grace.t 1 know no flattery, ancient
or modern, that is in any degree, comparable to it, except the deification of Augus
tus, and the erection of altars to him in his lifetime.:}: Incense and adoration seem
to have been equally acceptable to the Roman god and English goddess. This is
part of a letter of thanks sent to the dutchess by Anthony Thysius, rector of the
university of Leyden, upon the receipt of her works, which she sent to the public
library. " Princeps foeminini sexus merito diceris. Abripitur faecunda tua erudi-
tio, per coelos, terras, maria, et quicquid in natura vel civili vita, ullove scientiarum
genere nobileoccurrit. Ipsa Pallas academiae nostrae praeses tibi assurgit, gratiasque
immensas pro vestro munere agit, et cum imaginem vestram aspicit, seipsam, veluti
in speculo, intueri videtur."
The following passages came from Cambridge." Nondum (quod scimus), anna-
libus excidere, neque certe per nos unquam excident, erudita nomina, Aspasia Pe-
riclis, Odenuti Cenobia, Polla Lucani, Boethii Rustitiana ; quaa tamen, si reviviscerent
hodie, adeo tecum (inclyta dux) de eruditionis palma non contenderent, at famai
tuae potius ancillautes, solam Margaretam consummatissimam principem et agnos-
cerent et posito genu certatim adorarent. In auctiorem nominis vestri famam op-
tamus testatioresque virtutes tuas, ut tot tamque erudita opera, tali aliquando idio-
mate exeant, quali inter Romanes, Tullium et Maronem ; inter Graios, Platonem et
Demosthenem, legimus et miramnr.\\ Omnem illam fortunes magnitudinem immortalis
ingenii felicitate ita superas, ut quae versare solemus exemplaria Gr&ca Latinaque
t I never saw this book but in the well-chosen and copious library of John Love-
day, of Cavershara, esq. and have therefore given the reader a large extract from it.
t Praesenti tibi matures largimur honores,
Jurandasque tuum per nomen ponimus aras.
HOR. Lib, II. Epist. I.
P. 3. || P. 9.
OF ENGLAND. 263
Q|
Cavendish, duke of Newcastle. If her tnerit as an author were to
be estimated from the quantity of her works, she would have the
precedence of all female writers, ancient or modern. There are no
less than thirteen folios of her writing; ten of which are in print:
they consist chiefly of poems and plays. The life of the duke her
husband, is the most estimable of her productions. This has been
translated into Latin. James Bristow, of Corpus Christi College,
in Oxford, undertook to translate a volume of her philosophical
works into the same language ; but he was soon forced to desist
from the undertaking. Such was the obscurity and perplexity of
the subject, that he could not find words where he had no ideas.
We are greatly surprised that a lady of her quality should have
written so much ; and are little less surprised that one who loved
writing so well, has writ no better : but what is most to be won
dered at, is, that she, who found so much time for writing, could
acquit herself in the several duties and relations of life with so
much propriety. Ob. 1673.
missa jam facere, et taa unius sapientia content! esse possiraus. Quoties enim in
philosophiam secedis, sola magistri nullius in verbajuras, sed in onmi doctorum
familia laborans, et subtiliter expendis, et acute discernis, et ad unguem castigas,
quicquid aut risit Democritus, aut flevit Heraclitus, aut deliravit Epicurus, aut tacuit
Pythagoras, aut intellexit Aristoteles, aut ignoravit Arcesilas ; nee omittis siquid ma-
jorum inventis addidre novi homines, Verulamius, Harv&us, Cartesius, Gali-
I shall finish the climax with another passage addressed on the same occasion, to
her grace, from Oxford : " We have a manuscript author in the Bodlie s library,
who endeavours to shew that women excel men : your excellency has proved what
he proposed, has done what he endeavoured, and given a demonstrative argument to
convince the otherwise unbelieving world." \
However strange it may seem, yet nothing is more certain than that these mon
strous strains of panegyric relate chiefly to that wild philosophy which would have
puzzled the whole Royal Society, and on account of which she seems to have been
desirous of being admitted to one of their meetings.}:
* P. 28, 29. t P. 69.
\ She accordingly was admitted, as appears from Birch s " History of the Royal
Society." See vol. ii. p. 175, 176, 177. See also what Mr. Evelyn says of her in.
bis " Numismata," p. 265.
264 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS.
WRITERS IN DIVINITY. V-V :
EDWARD LEIGH, esq. M. A. of Magdalen
Hall, in Oxford; M. 60, 1662. J. Chantry sc. h.sh.
See the INTERREGNUM.
EDWARD LEIGH, M. A. in the " Oxford Almanack "
1749. iV loUniir rfoirar M fcW5 , >" :.--/. ^.
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, knt. Ob. Sept. 19,
1669; JV. Yeates sc. Svo. ~
Sir William Waller, the parliament general, was author of a
book of " Divine Meditations," which was published after his de
cease, with his head prefixed. See the Class of Soldiers in the
reign of Charles I.
HISTORIANS.
EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. M. Burghers sc.
Before his " History of the Rebellion ;" Svo.
Lord Clarendon had all that knowledge of his subject, that
strength of head, as well as integrity of heart, which are essential
to a good historian. He has been, in some instances, accused of
partiality ; but this proceeded from an amiable, perhaps an invin
cible cause ; the warmth of his loyalty and friendship. He particu
larly excels in characters, which, if drawn with precision and ele
gance, are as difficult to the writers, as they are agreeable to the
readers of history. He is, in this particular, as unrivalled among
OF ENGLAND. 265
the moderns, as Tacitus is among the ancients. They both saw
those nice distinctions, and specific differences in human nature,
which are visible only to the sagacious. He paints himself, in
drawing the portraits of others ; and we every where see the clear
and exact comprehension, the uncommon learning, the dignity
and equity of the lord-chancellor, in his character as a writer. It
appears from the memoirs of his own life, that he had all the virtue
of a Cato ; and it is no less evident that he had something of his
roughness and severity. His style is rather careless than laboured.*
His periods are long, and frequently embarrassed and perplexed
with parentheses. Hence it is, that he is one of the most difficult
of all authors to be read with an audible voice. f Ob, 9 Dec,
16744 See Class VI.
; BULSTRODUS WHITELOCK, &c. R. Gaywood
sc. large Svo.
BULSTRODUS WHITELOCK, &c. Hulsbergh sc. Svo,
Bulstrode Whitelock, who was equally eminent for capacity and
integrity, deserves a distinguished place among the writers of Eng
lish history. He had a great share in those transactions of which
he has given us an account; and is, in point of impartiality, at
* Dr. Thomas Terry, canon of Christ Church, then M.A. superintended the
press when this book was printed, and was a living witness of its being faithfully
printed from Lord Clarendon s MSS. Oldraixon s Calumny is abundantly refuted
by Bishop Atterbury and Doctor John Burton. Atterbury and Smallridge had left
Oxford when the book was printed. The copy of this book was vested in the uni
versity of Oxford, but not by the author s will.
t Several of the histories of this age have a peculiar merit, as the authors were
both actors and sufferers in those interesting scenes which they have exhibited to
our view.
$ In the second volume of the " State Papers," of Lord-chancellor Clarendon,
lately published, is a letter addressed to Dr. Gilbert Sheldon, from Sir Edward
Hyde, who appears in all the dignity of retirement in the island of Jersey. {) He
says to his friend, " That you may not think 1 am idle, I have read over Livy and
Tacitus, and almost Tally s works; and have written, since I came into this blessed
isle, near 300 large sheets of paper in this delicate hand." His reading the classic
authors was evidently with a view of improving his style.
$ 1773. || The letter is dated thence 1647. See p. 375,
VOL. V. 2 M
266 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
least equal, if not superior, to Lord Clarendon himself. He was a
man of a clear and cool head, yet zealous in the cause which he
espoused : but he was very rarely misled by his affections, and was
never known to be transported to bigotry. Oldmixon, who stands
at the head of infamous historians, has drawn a comparison between
Whitelock and Clarendon.* Ob. 28 July, 1675.+ See the INTER
REGNUM, Class VI.
JOHN RUSHWORTH, esq. R. White sc. Before
his " Historical Collections ;" folio.
John Rushworth was bred to the law, but neglected that pro
fession, and applied himself with great assiduity to state affairs.
He was not only an eye and ear-witness, but a considerable agent
in some of the most important transactions during the civil war.
His " Historical Collections" are a work of great labour: but he
did not only employ his industry to collect facts, but also to con
ceal and disguise them. His books are very useful to the readers,
as well as writers of our history ; but they must be read with ex
treme caution. It is an unhappy circumstance for a historian to
write under the influence of such as cannot bear the truth. Rush-
worth s compilation was carried on under the eye, and submitted
to the correction, of Cromwell. Hence it is, that he has omitted
whatever could give offence, and inserted whatever would be
agreeable to his patron.}: Ob. 12 May, 1690.
* There is an anonymous pamphlet well worth the reader s notice, entitled,
" Clarendon and Whitelock farther compared." It was written by Mr. John Davys,
sometime of Hart Hall, now Hartford College, in Oxford.
t It should be observed, that Whitelock s " Memorials" are his Diary, and that
he occasionally entered facts in it when they came to his knowledge ; but not always
on those days in which they were transacted. This has led his readers into some
anachronisms. The " Memorials" would have been much more valuable, if his wife
had not burnt many of his papers. $
t It is said, that Rushworlh " supplied himself plentifully" from the grand collec
tion of pamphlets made by Tomlinson the bookseller, which commenced from the
latter end of the year 1640, and was carried down to the restoration. They were
uniformly bound in upwards of 2000 volumes, of different sizes, and consisted of
about 30,000 tracts. Toralinson is said to have refused 40007. for this collection.
William Prynne had by far the greatest hand in these pamphlets, having written
above ,160 of them himself. Near 100 were written by and concerning John
See Echard s " History of England," p. 922.
OF ENGLAND. 267
.
* SIR PHILIP WARWICK, kn*. P.Ldyp. R.White
sc. Before his "Memoirs" 1701 ; Svo.
SIR PHILIP WARWICK ; a small oval, in the " Gen
tleman s Magazine" 1790; from a miniature in the
possession of Edmund Turnor, esq.
Sir Philip Warwick was son of Thomas Warwick, organist of
St. Peter s, Westminster, of which church the former was some
time a chorister. He was educated at Eton school, and finished
his studies at Geneva, under the care of Diodati, well known for
his Commentaries on the Scriptures. He had much the same ad
vantages of knowledge, and was witness of many of the same
facts, with the historians before-mentioned ; and yields to none of
them in candour and integrity. He served the worthy Earl of
Southampton in the office of secretary to the treasury ; an employ
ment which he had enjoyed in the former reign. He acquitted
himself in this office with such abilities as did honour to them both :
but the earl s enemies insinuated, that all the honour was due to the
secretary, and usually called him, " Sir Philip the Treasurer."
The most considerable of his works is his " Memoirs, or Reflec
tions upon the Reign of King Charles I." This book was pub
lished by Dr. Thomas Smith,* the learned writer concerning the
Greek church. But the doctor s preface, of some pages, having
been not altogether pleasing to the administration at that time, it
has been suffered to stand in very few copies. He died the 15th
of January, 1682.
Lilburne.t More scurrility, cant, and falsehood, were published at this period,
than in any other of the same duration, in any age or country; so that the whole
collection, if now in being, would be but of small value.J The writings of Lil-
burne, as well as those of many other dealers in politics, and pamphleteers of the
day, have been long since totally forgotten. It hath been observed, that civil
heat, like drought, brings to light a multitude of noisy, troublesome, and pe
rishable insects.
* This publication is not mentioned in Dr. Smith s article, in the " Biographia
Britannica."
t See " Phoenix Britannicus," 4to. p. 566, 567.
\ I imagine that it was this collection which was purchased by King George III.
and given to the British Museum. LORD ORFORD.
268 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN MILTON was author of " The History of Britain ;" a
book written in a republican spirit, in a nervous style, and with
much strength of reason : but we are disappointed in not meeting
with any of that elegance in it which it is natural to expect from
the author of the " Paradise Lost/ It was printed in 4to. 1670,
and is reprinted in Rennet s " Complete History." See the divi
sion of the Poets, &c.
PAUL RYCAUT, esq. late consul of Smyrna, and
fellow of the Royal Society. Lely p. R. White sc.
Before his translation of " The Spanish Critick" by
Gratian, 1681, Svo.
SIR PAUL RYCAUT. Lely. R. White ; folio ; pre~
jixed to his " History of the Turks" 1680.
Paul Ricaut, or Rycaut, was a gentleman of good parts and
learning, and particularly distinguished by his travels, his negotia
tions, and his writings. He composed his " Present State of the
Ottoman Empire" during his residence at Constantinople, where he
was secretary to Heneage Finch, earl of Winchelsea, ambassador to
the Ottoman Porte. He was about eleven years consul for the
English nation at Smyrna, where he wrote his " Present State of
the Greek and Armenian Churches." But his capital performance
is his " Continuation of Richard Knolles s excellent History of the
Turks." He was, from his great knowledge of the Turkish affairs,
better qualified than any other person for this work ; but he is in
ferior to Knolles in historic merit. He also wrote a " Continuation
of Platina s Lives of the Popes," in folio, which was published in the
reign of James II. by whom he was knighted. He also translated
Garcillasso de la Vega s " Commentaries of Peru." He was, by
King William, sent resident to Hamburgh, where he lived ten
years.* In 1700, he returned to England, and died in November
the same year. See more of him in " State Letters of Hen. Earl
of Clarendon." See also the next reign.
* Mr. Cambridge has a portrait of him, painted at Hamburgh, in 1691, by
Rundt.
OF ENGLAND. 269
V. JOHANNES MARSHAM, eques auratus, et baro-
nettus, JEt. 80. R. White sc. h. sh. Before his " Canon
Chronicus."
JOHANNES MARSHAM, eques, &c. W. Richardson.
This very learned historian was author of " Diatriba Chronolo-
gica, i. e. A Chronological Dissertation, wherein he examines suc
cinctly the principal Difficulties that occur in the Chronology of
the Old Testament :" Lond. 1649 ; 4to. But his principal work,
which is at once a proof of his great erudition, profound judgment,
and indefatigable industry, is his "Canon Chronicus ^Egyptiacus,
Ebraicus, Grsecus," &c. The first edition of it was printed at
London, in folio, 1672 : it was reprinted at Leipsic, in 4to. 1676;
and again at Franeker, in 4to. 1696. This book soon rendered the
author s name famous throughout Europe.* It is well known that
the Egyptians, like the Chinese, pretended to incredible antiquity;
and had, in the list of their dynasties, extended their chronology
to 36,525 years. These dynasties had been long rejected as fabu
lous : but Sir John Marsham has reduced them to Scripture chro
nology, by proving them to be not successive but collateral. The
learned Dr. Shuckford tells us, that " no tolerable scheme can be
formed of the Egyptian history that is not, in the main, agreeing
with him."f Some things advanced by our author have been con
tradicted, if not confuted, by men of learning. But it is no wonder
that one travelling in the darkness of antiquity, as he did, should
sometimes miss his way. Ob. 25 May, 1685.
ROGER L ESTRANGE, esq. M. 68, 1684.
G. Kneller p. R. White sc. Before his " Esop s Fables;
folio.
* " Chronicum Canonem ^Egyptiuvn Joannis Marsliami, Angli,qui summo studio
antiquitates ^Egyptias collegit, non nomination exscripsit in compendio Gallico ;"
"Historiae Universalis, vir celeberrimus episcopus Meldensis."J These are the words
of John Le Clerc, in his uncle, David Le Clerc s, " Quaestiones Sacra," p. 149, 150.
t See " Sacred and Profane History of the Wprld connected," vol. iii. edit. 1727,
p. 269, 270.
Bossuet, bishop of Meaux.
270 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ROGER L ESTRANGE, &c. oval ; mezz. He is placed
here as a translator of History.
v 3
Roger L Estrange, who was at the head of the writers by pro
fession, in this reign, was author of a great number of political
pamphlets and periodical papers. That which made the greatest
noise was his " Observator," in which he went as great lengths to
vindicate the measures of the court, as were ever gone by any
mercenary journalist.* This paper was swelled to three volumes in
folio. He translated Cicero s " Offices," Seneca s " Morals,"
Erasmus s " Colloquies/ and Quevedo s " Visions." His Esop s
" Fables" was more a new work than a translation. The most
valuable of his books is his translation of Josephus, which, though
in a better style than most of his writings, has been very justly
censured. f He was one of the great corrupters of our language,
by excluding vowels and other letters not commonly pronounced,
and introducing pert and affected phrases. \ He was licenser of
the press to Charles and James II. J Ob. 11 Dec. 1704, 2Et.
WILLIAM WINSTANLEY, M. 39, 1667; in an
oval composed of vines and barley ; large Svo.
* See the " Life of Baxter," fol. part iii. p. 187.
t See Dr. Felton s " Dissertation on the Classics," &c. p. 153, edit. 1715. That
author mentions one of his phrases as a specimen of many others ; speaking of
Herod, he says, that he was one, " that would keep touch, neither with God nor
man." See Bathos, &c. c. 12.
$ See the " Trial of the letter Y, alias T," in the last edit, of " The Canons of
Criticism."
His being a representative for Winchester in the parliament that assembled
upon the accession of James, when he had a transitory gleam of good fortune, is not
mentioned in the " Biographia Britannica," where we are told,[| that Queen Mary
made this anagram on his name :
Roger L Estrange,
Lying strange Roger.
This naturally introduces the distich made by Lee, who by years was so strangely
altered, as scarce to be recollected by his old friend :
Paces may alter, names can t change ;
I am strange Lee altered ; you are still Le strange.
P. 2927.
OF ENGLAND. 271
WILLIAM WINSTANLEY, M. 39, 1667. W. Rich
ardson.
William Winstanley, originally a barber,* was author of te The
Lives of the Poets;" of " Select Lives of England s Worthies,
from Constantine the Great to Prince Rupert;" " The Loyal Mar-
tyrology;" " Historical Rarities;" and one or two single Lives, all
in 8vo. He is a fantastical writer, and of the lowest class of our
biographers : but we are obliged to him for many notices of persons
and things, which are recorded only in his works. See the next reign.
ANTOINE HAMILTON, ne en Irelande, mort a
St. Germain en Lay, le 21 Avril, 1720, Age d Environ
74 Ans ; A.B.p. Rossard sc. I2mo.
Le Compte ANTOINE HAMILTON. J. Hall sc. en-
graved for the elegant edition of his " Memoirs" lately
printed at Strawberry Hill.
LeC e . ANTOINE HAMILTON. W. N. Gardiner sc.
In " Memoirs of Grammont" Svo. 1809.
Count Hamilton, a native of Ireland, settled in France, was
author of the " Memoires de Grammont," in which he, with an easy
and exquisite pencil, has painted the chief characters of the court
of Charles the Second, as they were, with great truth and spirit,
described to him by Grammont himself,
" Who caught the manners living as they rose."
The author has in his work displayed a happiness as well as accu
racy, which have deservedly placed him in the first rank of the
French writers of memoirs. He was brother-in-law to the count,
with whose history he hath entertained and delighted the public.
* See " Athen. Oxon." ii. 1118. His name is omitted in the index.
272 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANTIQUARIES. . v - , :
JOHN AUBREY, esq. F.R.S. M. Vanderguchtsc.
Before his " Natural History and Antiquities of Surrey ?
Svo.
His portrait in Indian ink, by Loggan, is in the Ashmolean
Museum.
JOHN AUBREY, esq. from Loggan s drawing. J,
Caulfield exc.
JOHN AUBREY. Bartolozzi sc.
JOHN AUBREY. T. Cook sc. In Malcolm s "Lives
of Topographers"
John Aubrey, who was esteemed an able and industrious anti
quary, was acquainted with most of the virtuosi in the reign of
Charles II. He is said to have supplied Anthony Wood with a
great part of the materials for both his books, and composed several
curious and useful treatises himself, some of which remain un-
printed in Ashmole s Museum. The most considerable of his ma
nuscripts are his " Monumenta Britannica, or a Discourse con
cerning Stonehenge, and Roll Rich Stones, in Oxfordshire ;" and
his " Architectonica Sacra, or a Discourse concerning the Manner
of our Church Buildings in England." His " Perambulation of the
County of Surrey," which was begun in 1673, and ended in 1692,
was published with large additions and improvements, by Dr. Raw-
linson, in 1719, in five volumes octavo. His collections for a na
tural history and antiquities of Wiltshire, in which he made no
great progress, are in the above mentioned repository. He had a
stronger tincture of superstition than is commonly found in men of
his parts and learning. In his " Miscellanies," among which are
some things well worth the reader s notice, is a receipt against an
OF ENGLAND. 273
evil tongue,* which was formerly thought much worse than an evil
eye. Ob. circ. 1700. A. Wood, whom he esteemed his friend,
speaks of him as a pretender to antiquities, and as vain, credulous,
and whimsical ; he adds, that he was expensive to such a degree,
as to be forced to sell his estate of 700/. a year, and afterward to
become a dependant on his friends for subsistence.! There seems
to be a tincture of gall in this censure of the Oxford antiquary.
Mr. Gough, who mentions him with respect and honour, says,
that he " first brought us acquainted with the earliest monuments
on the face of the country, the remains of Druidism, and of Roman,
Saxon, and Danish fortifications."!
RICHARD ATKYNS, esq. W. Sherwin sc. Prefixed
to his " History of Printing ," 1664.
Richard Atkyns was author of " The Original and Growth of
Printing, $ collected out of History and the Records of this King
dom," 1664; 4to. This is an imperfect work, of which we have
some account in the " Memoirs of Psalmanazar."|| Meerman has
proved, that the author grossly imposed on several persons, parti
cularly the Earl of Pembroke, by false title-pages. There is an
other book on this subject, entitled, " The General History of
Printing, and particularly in England, by Samuel Palmer," 1733;
4to. Ames s " Typographical Antiquities," which is a valuable
work, is limited to the three kingdoms.
* P. 111. edit. 1696.
t See Wood s " Life," under August, 1667. But see also Hearne s more candid
opinion of him, in " An Account of some Antiquities in and about Oxford," at the
end of the second volume of Leland s " Itinerary."
| Introd. to the " Archaeologia" of the Antiquarian Society, p. xxiii.
We have very different accounts of the origin of printing, which, like other
famous inventions, seems to have been merely casual. It is extremely probable
that the person who conceived the first idea of it was an utter stranger to its im
portance. The friar, who found the wonderful effect of saltpetre, sulphur, and
charcoal, little thought that he had hit upon a composition that would be the death
of millions, and entirely change the art of war. The man who, in playing with some
bits of glass in a watch-maker s shop, took the first hint for the telescope, did not
dream that he was leading mankind to a discovery of new worlds, and opening to
their view the most astonishing part of the creation.
|| P. 284, &c.
VOL. V. 2 N
274 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIELMUS PETYT, armiger; interioris Templi
socius, et custos rotulomm ac archivorum in Turn
Londinensi remanentium. R. White ad vivum del. et sc.
h. sh.
William Petyt, esq. student of the Middle Temple, bencher and
treasurer of the Inner Temple, and keeper of the records in the
Tower, was bom near Skipton, in Craven, Yorkshire. This gentle
man, who is an author of character, and well known for his valuable
manuscripts, now lodged in the Inner Temple library,* made a col
lection of parliamentary tracts, of above eighty volumes, relative to
the Interregnum. They were of singular use to the compilers of
the " Parliamentary History," in twenty-four volumes, 8vo. He
was author of " The ancient Rights of the Commons asserted,"
8vo. 1680; of " A Summary Review of the Kings and Govern
ment of England," 8vo. and of " Jus Parliamentarium, or the
ancient Power and Rights of Parliament," fol. He was, upon his
resignation of his place of keeper of the records in the Tower,
succeeded, the 12th of March, 1707-8, by Richard Topham, esq.
member of parliament for Windsor; whose valuable collection of
drawings is in the library at Eton College. A list of the records
in the Tower, drawn up by Petyt, is in the " Cat. MSS. Anglise,"
torn. ii. p. 183. He died at Chelsea, the 3d of October, 1707,
aged 71 years.
EDWARDUS WATERHOUSE, armiger, 1663;
2Et. 44. D. Loggan ad vivum sc. Before his ce Com
mentary on Fortescue De Laudibus Legum Anglice"
1663,/o/.
EDWARDUS WATER-HOUSE, armig. A. Hertochsf.
8vo.
Edward Waterhouse was, according to Mr. Wood and Mr. Ni-
colson,t author of the following books : " A Discourse and Defence
* Bishop Burnet, Mr. Strype, and the Lord-chancellor West of Ireland, in his
" Inquiry into the Manner of creating Peers," have availed themselves of these
manuscripts.
t Afterward bishop of Carlisle.
OF ENGLAND. 275
of Arms and Armory," 1660; 8vo. " The Sphere of Gentry; deduced
from the Principles of Nature ; an historical and genealogical Work
of Arms and Blazon, in four books," 1661 ; fol.* " Fortescutus
Illustratus, or a Commentary on Fortescue de Laudibus Legum
Anglise," 1663; fol.f The book to which his head is prefixed is
entitled, " The Gentleman s Monitor, or a sober Inspection into
the Virtues, Vices, and ordinary Means of the Rise and Decay of
Families," 1665; 8vo. This is not mentioned by either of the
above cited authors. The latter informs us, that he published an
" Historical Narrative of the Fire of London," in 16664 Mr.
Wood, who speaks with great contempt of his " Sphere of Gentry,"
tells us, " that he was a cock-brained man ; that he took holy
orders upon him, and became a fantastical preacher." Lloyd styles
him " the learned, industrious, and ingenious Edward Waterhouse,
esq. of Sion College ;" and acknowledges himself beholden to him
for the account of Sir Edward Waterhouse, printed in his " State
Worthies." Ob. 1670. See more of him in Birch s " Hist, of the
Royal Society," vol. ii. p. 460 ; where a mistake of Wood s is cor
rected.
SIR HENRY BLOUNT. D. Loggan ad vivum del.
et sc. 1679; h. sh. scarce.
SIR HENRY BLOUNT; 4to. W. Richardson.
Sir Henry Blount was third son of Sir Thomas Pope Blount, of
Tittenhanger, in Hertfordshire. He distinguished himself in the
early part of his life, by his travels into the Levant. In this
voyage he passed above six thousand miles, the greater part of
which he went by land. This gained him the epithet of " The
great Traveller." His quick and lively parts recommended him to
Charles I. who is said to have committed the young princes to his
care, just before the battle of Edge-hill. He was one of the com
missioners appointed in November, 1655, to consider of proper
ways and means to improve the trade and navigation of the com
monwealth. His " Travels to the Levant," which have been trans-
* Wood s " Fasti/ ii. col. 95.
t Nicolson s " Hist. Lib." fol. p. 232.
I Ibid. p. 19.
276 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
lated into French and Dutch,* were published in 4to. 1636; The
author of the Introductory Discourse prefixed to Churchill s " Col
lection of Voyages," gives but an indifferent character of this book,
as to style and matter. He was author of several pieces of less note,
and is supposed to have had the principal hand in the " Anima
Mundi," published by his son Charles, the well-known author of the
" Oracles of Reason." The former of these books contains much
the same kind of philosophy with that of Spinoza. Sir Thomas
Pope Blount, another of his sons, who compiled the " Censura
celebriorum authorum," is a writer much more worthy of our notice.
Ob. 9 Oct. 1682.
GEORGE ALSOP, &c. M. 28; six English
verses.
GEORGE ALSOP, &c. W. Richardson.
George Alsop was author of " A Character of the Province of
Maryland," 1666 ; 12mo. to which his head is prefixed.
. MATHEMATICIANS, &c.
JONAS MOORE, matheseos professor, M. 45,
1660. Before his " Arithmetic;" Svo. See the Inter
regnum.
GULIELMUS LEYBOURN, philom. M. 27;
oval; 4fo.
GULIELMUS LEYBOURN, JEt.30. Gaywoodf. I2mo.
Before his " Arithmetic." See the reign of CHARLES
the Second.
* So Mr. Wood was informed.
OF ENGLAND. 277
W WILLIAM LEYBOURN, 2Et. 64, 1690. R. White;
prefixed to his " Cursus Math em." fol.
WILLIAM LEYBOURN, effigies autlioris; almost a
whole length, sitting. Before his book of" Dialling;"
1669.
GULIELMUS LEYBOURN, ^Et. 48, 1674. R. White
sc.
WILLIAM LEYBOURN, JEt. 52, 1678; \1rno.
William Leybourn, who was originally a printer in London, was
instrumental in preserving and publishing several of the mathema
tical works of Mr. Samuel Foster, astronomy professor in Gresham
College.* He became afterward an eminent author himself; and it
appears from his books, that he was one of the most universal ma
thematicians of his time.f Many treatises of practical mathematics
were published by him in this reign. In the reign of William III.
came forth his " Cursus Mathematicus" in folio, which was
esteemed the best system of the kind extant. His " Panarithmo-
logia, or the Trader s sure Guide," contains tables ready cast up,
and adapted to the use of almost all tradesmen and mechanics. It
was formed upon an excellent plan of his own, which has been
adopted by Mons. Bareme, in France. The seventh edition was
printed in 12mo. 1741.
V1NCENTIUS WING, Luffenhamiensis, in com.
Rutlandise ; natus anno 1619, die 9 Aprilis. Before.
his " Astronomia Britannica" 1652; fol.
The name of Wing, though he has been dead for at least a cen
tury, continues as fresh as ever at the head of our sheet almanacks.^
* See Mr. Ward s " Lives of the Professors of Gresham College."
t See Clavel s " Catalogue of the Books printed since the Fire of London j"
folio.
$ I have found nothing in chronology so problematical and perplexing as assign
ing the date of the death of an almanack-maker. Francis Moore has, according to
278 : - BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He was author of " The celestial Harmony of the visible World,"
1651, folio ; of " An Ephemeris for thirty Years;" a " Computatio
Catholica ;" and several other astrological and mathematical pieces.
His great work in Latin, entitled, " Astronomia Britannica," has
been much commended : he proceeds upon Bullialdus s principles,
and gives clear and just examples of all the precepts of practical
astronomy. His life was written by Gadbury, who informs us that
he died the 20th of Sept. 1668.
*^
JOSEPH MOXON, born at Wakefield, August the
8th, 1627. On a table near the head, is inscribed the
title of one of his books, viz. " Ductor ad Astronomiam
et Geographiam, vel Usus Globi" fyc. 8$c. 4to.
JOSEPH MOXON, &c. F. H. Van Hove sc. IZmo.
Joseph Moxon, hydrographer to Charles II. was an excellent
practical mathematician. He composed, translated, and published,
a great variety of books relative to the sciences. He particularly
excelled in geography, and was a great improver of maps, spheres,
and globes, the last of which he carried to a higher degree of per-
his own confession, amused and alarmed the world with his predictions and his hie
roglyphics for the space of 75 years.* John Partridge has been dead and buried
more than once, if the printed accounts of him may be credited. But his almanack,
like his ghost, " magni nominis umbra," continued to appear as usual after his de
cease. Vincent Wing is said to be now living, at Pickworth, in Rutlandshire, and
I am referred to a book-almanack for a proof of it. This reminds me of what I
have seen in one of Partridge s almanacks, in which he very gravely affirms, that he
is now living, and was alive when Bickerstaff published the account of his death.
It is, with due deference, proposed to Mr. Vincent Wing, to affix this motto, for the
future, to his almanack, after bis name :
Ilium aget PENNA metuente solvi
Fama superstes. HOR.
* Before his Almanack for 1771, is a letter, which begins thus :
" Kind Reader,
" This being the 73d year since my Almanack first appeared to the world, and
having for several years presented you with observations that have come to pass to
the admiration of many, I have likewise presented you with several hierogly
phics," &c.
OF ENGLAND. 279
fection, than any Englishman had done before him.* Besides his
treatises of Geography, Astronomy, Navigation, &c. he published
a book of " Mechanic Exercises, or the Doctrines of Handy-
Works," &c. This book, which is in two volumes quarto, is un
common. Dr. Johnson often quotes him in his Dictionary, as the
best authority for the common terms of mechanic arts. There is a
pack of astronomical playing-cards invented by him, " teaching
any ordinary capacity, by them, to be acquainted with all the stars
in heaven, to know their place, colour, nature, bigness : as also
the poetical reasons for every constellation." He was living at the
sign of the Atlas, in Warwick-lane, 1692.f
LORD BROUNKER ; a small head, in the frontis
piece to Sprat s " History of the Royal Society" Hol
lar f.
WILLIAM, lord BROUNKER. Harding.
o
WILLIAM, viscount BROUNKER ; in " Noble Au
thors" by Mr. Park, 1806.
There is a portrait of him at Hagley, by Lely. And another, a
whole length, at Lord Bathurst s, at Cirencester.
William, lord Brounker, whom Bishop Burnet calls a profound
mathematician, was chancellor to Queen Catherine, keeper of her
great seal, and one of the commissioners for executing the office of
lord high-admiral. Few of his writings are extant. His " Expe
riments of the recoiling of Guns," and his algebraical paper on the
squaring of the hyperbola, are well known. He was the first pre
sident of the Royal Society ; a body of men, who, since their incor
poration, have made a much greater progress in true natural know-
* William Saunders, a fishmonger, made considerable improvements in this art
before Moxon. It was afterward much improved by Rowley and Senex. See the
advertisement for Rowley s globes, in the " Spectator," No. 552.
t In the reign of Charles II. a project was set on foot for uniting the Thames and
the Severn, by cutting a channel of above forty miles in length ; and a bill was,
with that view, brought into the House of Commons. Moxon drew a map for
Mr. Matthews, to demonstrate that the scheme was practicable. See particulars in
Yarranton s " England s Improvements," p. 64.
280 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ledge, than had before been made from the beginning of the world.
They have carried their researches into every part of the creation,
and have still discovered new wonders. Their minute inquiries
have been sometimes the subject of ridicule. But the scoffers
should consider, that the wings of the butterfly were painted by
the same almighty hand that made the sun. Ob. 5 April, 1684,
JEt. 64.
JOHN KERSEY, born at Bodicot, near Banbury,
in the county of Oxford, 1616. Zoust p. 1672. Fai-
thorne sc. finely engraved. Before his " Algebra ;"
folio; 1673. * : . *.
John Kersey, teacher of the mathematics, was author of " The
Elements of mathematical Art, commonly called Algebra;" folio.
This book was allowed, by all judges of its merit, to be the clearest,
and most comprehensive system of the kind, extant in any language.
Very honourable mention is made of it in the " Philosophical
Transactions." The work was very much encouraged by Mr. John
Collins, commonly called attorney-general to the mathematics. f
Our author, Kersey, published an improved edition of Wingate s
" Arithmetic," and I think an English Dictionary. Quaere.
CAPTAIN SAMUEL STURM Y, M. 36, 1669;
h. sh.
The following book, by this author, was, at least, twice printed,
in the reign of Charles II. ** The Mariner s Magazine, stored with
these Mathematical Arts; Navigation, Geometry, the making and
use of divers mathematical Instruments, the Doctrine of Triangles,
sailing by the Plain Chart, Mercator s Chart, and the Arch of the
great Circle. The Arts of Surveying, Gauging, Measuring, Gun
nery, Astronomy, Dialling, &c. also Tables of Logarithms, and of
the Sun s Declination, Latitude, Longitude of Places; with an
Abridgement of the Laws relating to the Customs, and Navigation,
and a Compend. of Fortification : by Captain Samuel Sturmy, the
* Vol. viii. p. 6073, 6074.
t See his article in the supplement to the " Biographia."
OF ENGLAND. 281
second edition, revised and corrected by John Colson, 1678,
folio; with the author s head prefixed. The " Mathesis enucleata,"
and the " Mathesis juvenilis/ both in 8vo. were written by one of
the same name. These I have not seen.
In Goldsmith s " History of the Earth, vol. i. p. 66, is an ac
count of Captain Sturmy s descent into a cavern, Pen- park Hole,
in Gloucestershire. He died soon after of a fever caught there.
/ MR. PERKINS. Drapentier sc.
Mr. Perkins was a schoolmaster in Christ s Hospital, where he
taught the mathematics. He was author of a book of navigation,
entitled, "The Seaman s Guide," 1682; 8vo. published by his
brother, to which the portrait is prefixed.
VENTERUS MANDEY, M. 37, (1682). R. White
sc. Svo.
This person, who was an eminent schoolmaster, was author of
" The Marrow of Measuring ;" " A Treatise of the Mechanic
Powers ;" and " A Universal Mathematical Synopsis." The first
of these, before which is his portrait, has been oftener printed than
any of his works.
MARTINUS MASTER, Philom. Cantuariensis,
. 53. Gaywoodf. 1660, I2mo.
The measuring-wheel, engraved with the head, denotes Master to
have been a land-surveyor.
GULIELMUS HUNT, natus est civitate Londini,
1645, &c. JEt. 28. Compasses and sliding-rule be
neath.
William Hunt was an officer in the excise, and author of a book
of gauging, which, under different shapes, has been several times
VOL. v. 2 o
282 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
reprinted. Everard and Coggeshal have adapted the sliding-rule
to the purposes of gauging-, with greater success than Hunt.
" HENRICUS GREENHILL, civitatis Sarum ; in
mercaturse et mathematicarum artium disciplints tantos
supra setatem progressus fecit, ut semulis invidiam,
omnibus admirationem reliquerit. Cujus effigies per
fratrem ejus seniorem Johannem Greenhill, ad vivum
delineata, serique cila (incisa) spectanda hie proponi-
tur ; anno astatis preefat. Henrici vicesimo, annoque
Domini 1667." A sphere before him; h. sh.
He was brother to Greenhill the painter, of whom there is some
account in the next Class.
. f v NATURALISTS, &c.
; ROBERTUS BOYLE, Armiger. Fait home ad vivum
del. et fecit, h. sh.fme. There is a copy of this by Dio-
ij 4 to.
The honourable ROBERT BOYLE. R. W. ( White) sc.
Before his " Seraphic Love;" Svo.
The honourable ROBERT BOYLE; copied from the
former. M. Vander Gucht sc. Before the (e Epitome
of his Philosophical Works" by Bolton.
ROBERT BOYLE. R. A. Svo.
ROBERT BOYLE. Kerseboom ; B. Baron.
ROBERT BOYLE. Du Chesne.
OF ENGLAND. 283
ROBERT BOYLE ; mezz. Faber.
ROBERT BOYLE ; mezz. Miller.
ROBERT BOYLE; mezz. Kerseboom ; J. Smith, 1689.
ROBERT BOYLE. G. Vertue sc. In Birch s
" Lives."
ROBERT BOYLE. Kerseboom; G. Vertue; 4to.
ROBERT BOYLE; 4fo. Kerseboom; Schenck exc.
Robert Boyle, who was born the same year in which Lord
Bacon died, seems to have inherited the penetrating and inquisitive
genius of that illustrious philosopher. We are at a loss which to
admire most, his extensive knowledge, or his exalted piety. These
excellences kept pace with each other: but the former never car
ried him to vanity, nor the latter to enthusiasm. He was himself
The Christian virtuoso which he has described.* Religion never sat
more easy upon a man, nor added greater dignity to a character.
He particularly applied himself to chymistry ; and made such dis
coveries in that branch of science, as can scarce be credited upon
less authority than his own. His doctrine of the weight and spring
of the air, a fluid on which our health and our very being depend,
gained him all the reputation he deserved. He founded the theo
logical lecture which bears his name. Some of the preachers of it
have outdone themselves, in striving to do justice to the piety of
the foimder.f Ob. 30 Dec. 1691, Mt. 65.
ROBERT PLOT, LL. D. a whole length. In the
" Oxford Almanack for 1749 ;" in which there is a view of
Magdalen Hall ; the figure is the last of the right hand
* See bis book under that title.
t As personal weight seems to have, at least, as powerful an effect upon man
kind , in matters of religion, as the weight of reason and argument ; I would ask this
short question : How many of the Freethinkers are required to outweigh a Bacon,
a Boyle, and a Newton j and how many of their books, the Boyluau lectures?
284 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
group., next to Edward Leigh, esq. who is represented
writing. The print was engraved by Vertue.
Robert Plot, professor of chymistry, and chief keeper of the
Ashmolean Museum, in the university of Oxford, secretary of the
Royal Society, Mowbray herald extraordinary, and register of the
court of honours, was one of the most learned and eminent philo
sophers and antiquaries of his age. He is best known to the world
as author of the " Natural Histories of Oxfordshire and Stafford
shire;" the first of which was published in 1677, and the latter in
1686. Whatever is visible in the heavens, earth, and waters ;
whatever is dug out of the ground, whatever is natural or unna
tural; and whatever is observable in art or science; were the ob
jects of his speculation and inquiry. Various and dissimilar as
his matter is, it is in general well connected ; and his transitions
are easy. His books, indeed, deserve to be called the natural
and artificial histories of these counties. He, in the eagerness and
rapidity of his various pursuits, took upon trust, and committed
to writing, some things, which, upon mature consideration, he
must have rejected. Pliny, who wrote what he believed to be true,
though too often assumed upon the credit of others, has been called
a liar, because he knew nothing of experimental philosophy ; and
Dr. Plot, because he did not know enough of it. Besides the two
capital works above mentioned, he published " Tentarnen Philoso-
phicum de Origine Fontium," 1685, 8vo. and several pieces in the
* Philosophical Transactions." He died the 30th of April, 1696.
SIR KENELM DIGBY, knight, chancellor to the
queen-mother, aged 62. Near the head, on a shelf,
are Jive books, with the following titles: "Plants
" Sympathetic Powder;" " Receipts in Coo/cert/;
" Receipts in Physic" fyc. " Sir K. Dig by of Bodies."
T. Cross sc. I2mo. See the reign of CHARLES I.
JJ
:>
JOHN EVELYN, esq r . " Meliora rei mete? $c.
R. Nanteull del. et sc. large cloak with buttons. With-
OF ENGLAND. 285
out his name. It is called in the French catalogues of
prints, " Le petit Milord Anglois :"* This has been
copied twice at least : the copy, by Worlidge, is prefixed
to the third edition of his " Sculpt ur a ;" in Svo. 1759.
JOHN EVELYN, esq. Gaywood ad vivum del. etf.
1654. ;
JOHN EVELYN. Caldwall, 1800. In Dr. Thorntons
" Sexual System"
John Evelyn, the English Peiresc, was a gentleman of as uni
versal knowledge as any of his time ; and no man was more open
and benevolent in the communication of it. He was particularly
skilled in gardening 1 , painting, engraving, architecture, and medals;
upon all which he has published treatises. His book on the last
of these sciences, is deservedly in esteem ; but is inferior to that
of Mr. Obadiah Walker on the same subject. His translation of
" An Idea of the Perfection of Painting," written in French by
Roland Freart, and printed in 12mo. 1668, is become very scarce.
His " Sculptura, or the History and Art of Chalcography, and en
graving in Copper/ was composed at the particular request of his
friend, Mr. Robert Boyle, to whom it is dedicated. f But his great
work, is his " Sylva; or a Discourse of Forest-Trees, and the Pro-
* Evelyn was seriously offended, as appears from his Sculptura, at this title in
French, which signifies nothing more but" An English Gentleman in little ;" it ought
not to have given any offence. LORD HAILES.
t It were to be wished, that we had an improved edition of this book, and that
the several accounts of prints were ranged according to the different schools of (he
painters. J Such an arrangement of the works of various engravers, would be of the
same use in leading the curious to the knowledge of other branches of painting, as
a collection of heads is in introducing them to that of portrait. As there is a
strong party on the side of dissipation, ignorance, and folly, we should call in
auxiliaries of every kind to the aid of science; and those are not the most contemp
tible that mix pleasure with instruction, by feeding the eye, and informing the
mind at the same time. I have already pointed out a method of ranging such
\ See an account of the schools in De Piles s " Lives of the Painters/ or before
the " ^Edes Walpoliana?."
286 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
pagation of Timber/ &c. which was the first book that was pub
lished by order of the Royal Society.* He tells us, in the second
edition of that valuable work, that it had been the occasion of
planting two millions of timber trees. The author, who resided
chiefly at Says Court, near Deptford, had one of the finest gardens
in the kingdom, and was one of the best and happiest men in it.
prints as may serve to illustrate the topography and history of our coimtry.t I
shall here add a few more hints, which may be of use to such as make general
collections ; and first,
Concerning English Heads.
The collector should have a considerable number of portfolios, or volumes of
blank paper, of the imperial size, bound with guards or slips betwixt each leaf, to
give room. From the time of Mary, he may allot a volume at least to each reign,:}:
and place one or more heads in a leaf. It is usual to cut off the borders of the
prints as far as the plate goes. Tlie manuscript additions to the inscriptions may <
be written on the portfolios, or on pieces of paper cut to the size of each print. If
the heads are placed loose in the portfolios, in order to be occasionally shifted, it
will be convenient to fasten the lids with strings before, and at each end.
A Method of ranging a general Collection of Natural History.
Class I. Quadrupeds; and at the head of these the horse. To this class may be
subjoined prints of hunting, and such dead game as properly belong to it.
Cla^s II. Birds ; and at the head of them the eagle. These may be followed by
prints of fowling, and dead game.
Class III. Fishes ; and at the head of them the whale.
Class IV. Serpents ; and at the head of them the cockatrice.
Class V. Insects ; and at the head of them the scorpion.))
Class VI. Vegetables ; to which may be added fruit and flower pieces.
Class VII. Shells, and other inanimate marine productions. f
Class VIII. Fossils and minerals Such as are of an anomalous kind, are re
ducible to their kindred species.**
Roman antiquities may be ranged according to the method of Montfaucon ; and
mixed subjects may be disposed alphabetically.
* " Letters of Abraham Hill," &c. p. 108.
t See the reign of James I. Class X. article HOEFNAGLE.
J Some reigns, if the collection be large, will require several volumes.
According to Aldrorandus.
1| Some place the scorpion among the insects, and others among the serpents. See
Dr. Newton s " Milton," 4to. vol. ii. p. 253, notes.
^ Corals, and corallines should be placed in the class of vegetables, according to
Tournefort, &c. but Mr. Ellis has written an essay to prove, that the latter are pro
duced and inhabited by the marine polypes.
** This method was projected by the author before lie knew any thing of Linnaeus,
to whose works the reader is referred for the best arrangement of every kiud of
natural productions.
OF ENGLAND. 287
He lived to a good, but not a useless old age, and long enjoyed
the shade of those flourishing trees which himself had planted.
Ob. 27 Feb. 1705-6, Mt. 86. See Class X.
JACOB BOBART, the elder. D. Loggan del M.
Burghers sc. The print, which is a quarto of the
largest size, is better engraved than any portrait by
Burghers that I have seen. It is extremely scarce.
Beneath the head, which is dated 1675, is this distich :
" Thou German prince of plants, each year to thee
Thousands of subjects grant a subsidy."
JACOB BOBART; in a garden, whole length; goat,
dog, 8$c. 4to.
JACOB BOBART ; in an oval; 4to. W. Richardson.
Jacob Bobart, a German, whom Dr. Plot styles an excellent gar
dener and botanist , was, by the Earl of Danby, founder of the physic-
garden at Oxford, appointed the first keeper of it. He was author
of "Catalogus Plantarum Horti Medici Oxoniensis, scil. Latino-
Anglicus et Anglico-Latinus," Oxon. 1648 ; 8vo. One singularity
I have heard of him from a gentleman of unquestionable veracity,
that, on rejoicing days, he used to have his beard tagged with silver.
The same gentleman informed me, that there is a portrait of him in
the possession of one of the corporation at Woodstock. He died
the 4th of February, 1679, in the 81st year of his age. He had
two sons, Tillemant and Jacob, who both belonged to the physic-
garden. It appears that the latter succeeded him in his office.*
* Dr. Zachary Grey, in his notes upon "Hudibras," vol. i. p. 125, gives us the
following anecdote of Jacob Bobart, the son. He says: "Mr. Smith, of Bedford,
observes to me, on the word dragon, as follows. Mr. Jacob Bobart, botany pro
fessor t of Oxford, did, about forty years ago, find a dead rat in the physic-garden,
which he made to resemble the common picture of dragons, by altering its head and
t I much question his being botany-professor, which office has sometimes been
confounded with that of the keeper of the physic-garden. See Wood s " Fasti,"
ii. p. 109. 178.
288 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ;
ROBERT TURNER, &c. Bvo. : ^ fj $ to
ROBERTUS TURNER, nat. Holshott, &c. a head nt
a small round ; underneath are two men, who seem to be
setting the collar-bone of a third. The print is before
his translation of Friar Moultrons " Complete Bone-
setter."
This person was author of an Herbal, written much in the same
manner with that of Culpeper, and published in octavo, 1664. It
is entitled, BOTANOAOFTA, the British Physician, or the Na
ture and Virtue of English Plants." He calls himself in the title,
Botanolog. Stud. His head is prefixed to this book. Robert
Lovell was contemporary with Turner, and a botanist of superior
note. He was author of "IIAMBOTANOAOriA, sive Enchiri
dion Botanicum, or a Complete Herbal." The second edition of it
was printed in 12mo. 1665.* Morison, Plukenet, and Ray, were
very eminent for botany in this reign.
SAMUEL GILBERT, florist. R. White sc. (1682.)
1 2mo.
Samuel Gilbert was author of " The Florist s Vade Mecum, be
ing a choice Compendium of whatever is worthy of Notice that hath
been extant for the propagation, raising, planting, increasing, and
preserving, the rarest Flowers and Plants," &c. the third edition of
which was printed in the reign of Anne. He was son-in-law to
Rea, the publisher, or rather author, of the " Flora." This part of
gardening has been greatly improved since Gilbert s time. Miller,
in his " Gardener s Dictionary," arid Dr. Hill, in his " Eden," have
tail, and thrusting in taper sharp sticks, which distended the skin on each side till
it mimicked wings. He let it dry as hard as possible. The learned immediately
pronounced it a dragon ; and one of them sent an accurate description of it to
Dr. Magliabechi, librarian to the grand Duke of Tuscany; several fine copies of
verses were wrote on so rare a subject; but at last Mr. Bobart owned the cheat;
however, it was looked upon as a masterpiece of art ; and, as such, deposited in the
museum, or anatomy-school, where I saw it some years after."
* At page 514 is an index, which may be useful to such as would know the state
of botany at this time.
OF ENGLAND. 289
written copiously on the cultivation of flowers. Bradley has also
written on this subject.
JOHANNES PETTUS, eques auratus : " Hie ta-
cens, illic scribens ; alibi loquens, agens, patiens :"
JEt. 57. W. Sherwin sc. h. sh.
SIR JOHN PETTUS, of Suffolk, kn 4 . one of the de
puty-governors of the mines-royal, &c. JEt. 70, 1681.
R. White sc. h. sh.
There is a portrait of him at Lord Sandys s, at Ombersley, in
Worcestershire.
Sir John Pettus, of Cheston-hall, in Suffolk, was member of par
liament for Dunwich, in that county, in the reign of Charles II. He
was author of " Fodinae Regales ; or the History, Laws, and Places
of the chief Mines and Mineral Works in England and Wales, and
the English Pale in Ireland ; and also of the Mint and Money;
with a Clavis, explaining some difficult Words relating to Mines,"
&c. Lond. 1670; fol. He was also author of " England s Inde
pendency on the Papal Power," &c. Lond. 1674 ; 4to. " Volatiles
from the History of Adam and Eve," printed at London the same
year; Svo. " Of the Constitution of Parliaments," Lond. 1680;
Svo. and of " Fleta Minor, or the Laws of Art and Nature, in know
ing, judging, assaying, fining, refining, and enlarging the bodies of
confined Metals ; in two Parts ; translated from the German of La
zarus Ereckens, Assay --master-general of the Empire of Germany,"
1683; fol. He gave it the title of "Fleta Minor," because he
translated it in the Fleet. His head is prefixed to this book.
MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS.
THOMAS HOBBES, nobilis Anglus.
THOMAS HOBBES, Malmsburiensis ; three verses
from Juvenal ; Svo.
VOL. V. 2 P
290 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
THOMAS HOBBES ; a small oval 7 in the title to his
"Homer;" 1677. . .- ;^->; n0i ,
THOMAS HOBBES, JEt. 76. Faithorne sc. Round the
oval are these words , " En quam modice habitat " Phi-
iosophia ;" 4to. I have seen this before his Latin works,
in Svo.
THOMAS HOBBES, JEt. 76. Clarke sc. copied from
Faithorne.
THOMAS HOBBES, JEt. 92.* Bapt. Caspar pinvit.
Hollar f. h. sh.-\
There is a head of him before his " Memorable Sayings."
His portrait, said to have been painted by Dobson, is at the
Grange, in Hampshire.
Soon after the restoration, Cooper, the celebrated limner, is said
to have been employed to draw his portrait for the king, who kept
it in his closet. But Sorbiere tells us, that " his majesty shewed
him a copper cut of his picture, in his closet of natural and mecha
nical curiosities, and asked him if he knew the face ?"J The print
here spoken of was doubtless that engraved by Faithorne, as that
by Hollar was done several years after the death of Sorbiere. The
other heads of him appear to be copies from these two. Mr. Wood
informs us, that his picture was in such esteem in France, that the
virtuosi of that country came as it were on pilgrimages to see it.
Thomas Hobbes, a man of much learning, more thinking, and
not a little knowledge of the world, was one of the most celebrated
and admired authors of his age. His style is incomparably better
* This date was afterward added. Hobbes was not so old when the plate was
engraved.
t Hollar, in a letter addressed to Mr. Aubrey, which is now in Ashmole s Museum,
tells him, "that lie shewed this print to some of his acquaintance, who said it was
very like ; but Stent,says he, has deceived me, and maketh demur to have it of me,
as that at this present my Jabour seemeth to be lost ; for it lieth by me." This ap
pears to have been with a view of beating down the price. Stent was a printseller,
and is well known to have greatly undervalued the labours of Hollar.
$ Sorbiere s " Voyage to England," p. 39.
OF ENGLAND. 291
than that of any other writer in the reign of Charles I. and was, for
its uncommon strength and purity, scarcely equalled in the suc
ceeding reign. He has, in translation, done Thucydides as much
justice as lie has done injury to Homer: but he looked upon him
self as born for much greater things than treading in the foot
steps of his predecessors. He was for striking out new paths in
science, government, and religion ; and for removing the land
marks of former ages. His ethics have a strong tendency to cor
rupt our morals, and his politics to destroy that liberty which is the
birthright of every human creature. He is commonly represented
as a sceptic in religion, and a dogmatist in philosophy ; but he was
a dogmatist in both. The main principles of his " Leviathan" are
as little founded in moral or evangelical truth, as the rules he laid
down for squaring the circle are in mathematical demonstration.
His book on human nature is esteemed the best of his works. Ob.
4 Dec. 1679, Mi. 92.*
SIR WILLIAM TEMPLE. P. Ldy p. J. Hou-
braken sc. In the collection of John Temple, esq.
II lust. Head.
The three Graces are represented in the ornaments belonging to
this portrait. f
Few authors have been more read, or more justly admired, than
Sir William Temple. He displays his great knowledge of books
and men in an elegant, easy, and negligent style, much like the lan
guage of genteel conversation. His vanity often prompts him to
speak of himself; but he and Montaigne are never more pleasing
than when they dwell on that difficult subject. It is a happy cir
cumstance for his readers, that so polite and learned a writer was
* It is well known that. Hobbes was much pleased with the following epitaph,
which was made for him a considerable time before his death :
THIS is THE PHILOSOPHER S STONE.
Dr. Fuller, who was a punster, would doubtless have been pleased with the next :
HERE LIES FULLER S EARTH.
But this was made after his decease. Both are so much in the fame style as to
render it probable that they were by the same hand.
t " He was (says Mr. Mel moth) the first of our prose authors who introduced a
graceful manner into our language.
292 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
also a vain one : they are great gainers by this foible. He is some
times inaccurate ; but his inaccuracies escape us unseen, or are very
little attended to. We can easily forgive a little incorrectness of
drawing in the paintings of a Correggio, when there is so much
beauty and grace to atone for it.* Ob. Jan. 1698, JEt. 70. See
Class V.
ALGERNOON SIDNEY or (SYDNEY), in armour;
looking to the right ; 4to. mezz.
ALGERNOON SIDNEY, esq. J. Smith exc. 4to.
ALGERNOON SIDNEY, in armour ; oval.
ALGERNOON SIDNEY, with his motto,
il - - Manus hsec inimica tyrannis
Ense petit placida sub libertate quietem."
Before his " Discourses on Government ;" folio.
ALGERNOON SIDNEY. Picart sculp, dir. 1724; 4to.
ALGERNOON SIDNEY ; beheaded 1683. Savage sc.
In the same plate with seven others ; large h. sh.
ALGERNON SIDNEY, esq. 2Et. 70 (6]), 1682 (1683) ;
oval; mourning achievement ; h. sh.
Algernon Sidney, who saw and deplored the abuses of regal
power, wrote much, and, as some think, much to the purpose, for
republican government. He did not only write from his judgment,
he also wrote from his heart; and has informed his reader of what
* As we are apt implicitly to adopt, and tenaciously to retain the errors of great
authors, it should be observed here, that Sir William Temple, at p. 249 of his "In
troduction to the History of England," speaks of the abolition of the trial of camp-
fight, or duel, by William the Conqueror. This is a great mistake; for he intro
duced it, as appears in the glossary to Rennet s " Parochial Antiquities," under the
article BELI.UM DUEI.LUM. See what Nicolson, in his " English Historical Li
brary," says of Temple s introduction to our national history.
OF ENGLAND. 293
he felt, as well as what he knew. He was so far from thinking
resistance unlawful, that he actually entered into cabals for restrain
ing the exorbitances of the crown. He was tried and condemned
for conspiring the death of the king, by a packed jury and an in
famous judge.* Only one witness appeared against him, but his
papers on government were deemed equivalent to another. He had
in these asserted, that power is delegated from the people to the
prince, and that he is accountable to them for the abuse of it. This
was not only looked upon as treason, but blasphemy against vicegerents
of the great Governor of the world. Though he was haughty and
overbearing in his behaviour, perhaps none in this reign died more
lamented, except the good and popular Lord Russel. He was
regarded as the second martyr to patriotism. He was executed
Dec. 7, 1683. See the INTERREGNUM, Class V.
MARTIN CLIFFORD. M. Vandergucht sc. In the
octavo edition of Cowky s Works.
Martin Clifford, master of the Charter-house, was educated at
Westminster School, and thence elected to Trinity College, Cam
bridge, 1640. He was a man of parts and a polite scholar, and
lived in great intimacy with most of the wits of this reign. Dr. Sprat
has dedicated to him his " Life of Cowley," who was their common
friend. He was author of a " Treatise on Human Reason, "f and
was one of those who were said to have a hand in " The Rehearsal,"
to which these verses in the " Session of the Poets" allude :
" Intelligence was brought, the court being sat,
That a play tripartite was very near made,
Where malicious Matt. Clifford, arid spiritual Sprat,
Were join d with their duke, a peer of the trade."
* Jefferies.
t This treatise, which occasioned the publication of several pamphlets, came forth
in May, 1674. It happened that Dr. B. Laney, bishop of Ely, dined with many
persons of quality, in October following, in the Charter-house ; and whether he then
knew that Mart. Clifford, the master, was author of it, is uncertain. However, he
being then asked what he thought of that book, answered, that ticas no matter if all
the copies were burnt, and the author with them ; knowing by whit he had read iti
the book, that the author makes every man s private fancy judge of religion, which
the- Roman Catholics have for these hundred years cast upon protestantism.*
t " Alhen.Oxon. n. col. 521. It was reprinted iu the " IMia-uix;" Bvo. No. XXX.
294 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He is here and elsewhere called Matt. Clifford ; but his name was
undoubtedly Martin.*
HADR1ANUS BEVERLANDUS, M. 26. J. D.
Vois p. J.V. Munnikhuyse sc. h. sh.
ADRIAN BEVERLAND and his wife (or mistress).
C. D. Vois Lugd. p. Becket cxc. h. sh. mezz.
HADRIANUS BEVERLAND ; inscribed, u Viro peril-
lustri Hadriano Beverlando, numismatum, insectarum,
cochlearum, picturarum rariorum, vindici, statori.
Hanc tab. a Sim. du Bois delin. L. M. Q. C." J. Becket
f. monuments, statues, pyramids, 8c. large h. sh.
ADRIAN BEVERLAND and his mistress ; inscribed,
" Peccatum Originate ;" h. sh. mezz.
I have seen the name of John, earl of Rochester, on this print.
MONS". BEVERLAND, J. U. Q. D. " Jugez du reste."
Muyckpinx. W. Sherwinfec. mezz. in an ornamented
border ; large 4to.
There is a portrait of Beverland, by Kneller, in the picture
gallery at Oxford.
Mr. Wood mentions this author, but none of his works ; which,
together with his name, deserve to sink into oblivion. He was a
native of Zealand, and is said to have been banished from his
country for publishing obscene and profane books. His style was
so good, that what was said of Petronius has been applied to him ;
" that he is scriptor purissimce impuritatis." He was author of the
following pieces : " De Peccato Originali : in Horto Hesperidum,
Typis Adami et Evoe, Terrae Fil." 1670; 8vo. This has been
reprinted. " Problema Paradoxum, de Spiritu Sancto ;" 1678;
* Sec Wood, vol. ii. col. 804.
OF ENGLAND. 295
8vo. "De stolatae Virginitatis Jure; L. Bat. 1680 ; 8vo. De
Fornicatione cavenda, Admonitio ;" 1698; 8vo. " De Prostibulis
Veterum," His books are uncommon : several of them were sold
at Dr. Mead s sale.* See more of him in " Dissertatio de Libris
combustis," in " Schelhornii Ameenitates Literariee," Francof. et
Lips. 1727 ; 8vo. torn. vii. p. 168 ; and in John Albert Fabricius s
" Centuria Plagiariorum/ at p. 84 of his " Opuscula."
JOHN NORTON; a youth, or rather boy, in a
round cap or bonnet. Under the print, which is the
frontispiece to his book, is a Latin and English distich.
W. Sherwin sc. Svo.
John Norton published a book, entitled, " The Scholar s Vade
Mecum, or the serious Student s solid and silent Tutor ; being a
Translation of Marcus Antoninus Flaminius out of Latin into Eng
lish, with some few Alterations therein, by VAIE of Essay. As
also certain idiom at ologic and philologic Annotations on the said
Author," 1674; Svo. He, at the end of his Latin dedication,!
styles himself Johanniculus Nortonulus, orta Londinensis. His
principal aim in this work was to introduce a new mode of spelling,
founded upon derivation, of which the following words are a speci
men; aer for air; aql, rather than eagle, from aquila; deie, deis,
daily, from dies ; feith for faith, from fides ; pather for father, from
pater; paur for poor, from pauper; inimie for enemy, from inimi-
cus ; hoi for whole, from oAoe; nome for name, from nomen. It
appears from this short specimen, that Norton, though enterprising
and ingenious, t had not attained that maturity of judgment and
competency of learning which is necessary for the reformation of a
language ; an attempt which is far above a boy, and has ever been
thought a work of too arduous and delicate a nature for any one
man.
* Vide " Bibliotheca Meadiana," p. 5.
t P. 130.
% Several copies of verses, which are prefixed to his book, were sent him upon
the occasion.
Sheridan, at p. 573 of his "British Education," published in 1756, says, " We
have stronger reasons than ever, at this very juncture, to take care that our language
be not wholly destroyed. One arises from a new-fangled custom, introduced by
296 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CAREW REYNELL, esq. Fait home sc. h. sh.
This gentleman was author of the following book, which gained
him a very considerable reputation : "The true English Interest;
or an Account of the chief national Improvements, in some political
Observations, demonstrating an infallible Advance of this Nation
to infinite Wealth and Greatness, Trade and Populacy; with Em
ployment and Preferment for all Persons;" 8vo. 1674. See a more
particular account of this work in the " Philosophical Transactions,"
vol. ix.*
ANDREW SNAPE; inscribed, " Effigies Author is
M. 38, 1682." R. White del. et sc. h. sh. .,: : / ; \ ; .^
Andrew Snape was serjeant-farrier to Charles II. and author of
" The Anatomy of a Horse," &c. which has been several times
printed in folio, with a considerable number of copper-plates. His
portrait is prefixed to this book. He was father to Dr. Andrew
Snape, principal master of Eton School, who distinguished himself
in the Bangorian controversy. I find, from a manuscript note
under this head in the Pepysian Collection, that one of the family
of Snape has been serjeant-farrier to the king for three hundred
years past.
some late authors, of spelling words differently from their wiser predecessors, and,
out of a poor ambition of shewing their learning, omitting and changing several
letters, under pretence of pointing out their derivation. But these gentlemen do
not consider that most of these letters, which seem useless to them upon paper, or
improper, are of the utmost consequence to point out arid ascertain the pronuncia
tion of words, which is already in too precarious a state ; so that if this custom
should continue to increase, according to the caprice of every new writer, for a cen
tury more, the best authors we have, will by that time appear as obsolete, and as
difficult to be read and understood, as Chaucer is at this day." The same author
proceeds next to censure the " pernicious custom," as he calls it, of " throwing the
accent as far back in our polysyllables as possible." He next speaks in very high
and just terms of Dr. Johnson s " Dictionary."
* Andrew Yarranton, who had been bred a mercer, and was some time a soldier
in the civil war. published a book on a similar subject wilh this of Reynell. It is
entitled, " England s Improvement by Sea and Land," &c. 1677 ; 4to. It contains
several things well worth the reader s notice. The author, who has given some ac
count of himself at p. 193, was a very noted projector, and met with great encou
ragement from several persons of distinction. Roger Coke, esq. was author of
" A Discourse of Trade," which is much commended by Yarranton. J. Gee s hook
on Trade aivd Navigation is in good esteem.
OF ENGLAND. 297
Before " The complete Horseman and expert Farrier"
THOMAS DE GREY, esq. 1670; is an anonymous
equestrian figure, which was probably intended for his
portrait.
STEPHANUS MONTEAGE, mercator Londini,
1675. E. le Davis f. 4to.
Stephen Monteage helped greatly to bring into use the excellent
method of keeping accounts by way of debtor and creditor; by
which a man clearly sees what he gets or loses by every article of
trade in which he is concerned. His head is prefixed to his " Debtor
and Creditor made easy," 1675; 4to.
JOHANNES MAYNE, philo. accompt. M. Mar-
low sc.
JOHN MAYNE, with long hair, and divided on the
forehead. The plate was afterward altered ; the hair
over the right shoulder shortened, and made more bushy
on the forehead,
This person was author of a book entitled, " Clavis Commercia-
lis," 1674; 8vo. before which is his portrait. He was also author
of a " Treatise of Arithmetic," 1675; 8vo. in which he tells the
reader, that the part which treats of the measuring of solids, namely,
the prismoid, the cylindroid, &c. is wholly neio, and never before
made public. The author, who taught school in Southwark, whe
ther he were the inventor, which he seems to have been, or only the
improver of this branch of the mathematics, deserves to be rescued
from oblivion.
NOAH BRIDGES ; four English verses, inscribed
G. W. (George Wither) ; neatly engraved by Fait home.
Noah Bridges was author of " Lux Mercatoria : Arithmetic na
tural and decimal, digested into a more easy and exact Method for
VOL. v. 2 Q
298 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
resolving the most practical and useful Questions, than have been
yet published;" Lond. 1661. His head is before this book. See
the division of the Writingmasters in the Interregnum.
JAMES HODDER, writing-master. Gaywood f.
six verses ; Ylmo. in an oval of haves and ornaments.
" He that more of thine excellence would know," &c.
JAMES HODDER ; square, I2mo. six verses as above.
Gaywood fecit,
James Hodder was author of two treatises of arithmetic ; the one
vulgar, and the other decimal. The former of these was in so easy
a method, that, in a few years, it became the most general book of
the kind ever published. The twelfth edition, revised by More, who
was usher and successor to Hodder, was printed in 1678. He was
author of the " Penman s Recreation;" 12mo. 1659 ; to which his
head is prefixed.
ROBERT CHAMBERLAINS; holding a pen;,
shoulder-knot; Svo.
" Ingenuous* Chamberlaine, brave soul, see here
In his effigies. He makes appear
That can t withstand his wisdom, pains, and skill,
Which puzzled ages past. Numbers now will
Triumph in their fam d patron Chamberlaine,
Whose art yond all, makes things abstruse most plain."
W. Binmman sc. Svo.
The rhyme under this head is so very wicked, that I could not
transcribe it with a safe conscience. It is inserted, because I have
no other account of the person. He seems to have been author of
a book of arithmetic, to which the print was a frontispiece. Printed
for John Clark, at Mercers -chapel, Cheapside, 1679; and dedi
cated to Lord Kilmurray and Thomas Shaw, esq. He appears to
have published " The Accomptant s Guide, or Merchant s Book-
* Sic. Orig,
OF ENGLAND. 299
keeper," with tables of various kinds ; printed for the same person.
See Granger s " Letters," p. 170.
SIR WILLIAM WOOD, JEt. 82. R. Clamp. In
Harding s "Biographical Mirrour ;" from the original
at the Toxopholite Society s room.
SIR WILLIAM WOOD, marshal to the regiment of
archers ; long beard; 4to. mezz.
I never saw this print but in Mr. Pepys s collection. Maitland
tells us, in his " History of London," that the title of Sir was given
to William Wood as a compliment of his brethren archers by way
of pre-eminence for his dexterity in shooting. He was author of a
book with the following title : " The Bowman s Glory ; or Archery
revived, giving an Account of the many signal Favours vouch
safed to Archers and Archery, by King Henry VIII. James, and
Charles I. &c. by William Wood." 1682.* He lies buried in the
church of St. James, Clerkenwell. This is part of his epitaph :
" Sir William Wood lies very near this stone,
In s time, of archery excelled by none :
Few were his equals ; and this noble art
Hath suffered now in the most tender part," &c.
Ob. Sep. 4, 1691, Mt. 82. See Harding s " Biographical Mir-
rour."
ASTROLOGERS, &c.
WILLIAM LILLY, student in astrology. T. Cross
~ small. The head now before me is in the title to his
Almanack for the year 1678.
Lilly s Almanack, which maintained its reputation for a long
course of years, seems to have been one of those books which were
thought necessary for all families. I can easily imagine that the
author scarce ever went into the house of a mechanic where he did
not see it lying upon the same shelf with " The Practice of
Piety," and " The Whole Duty of Man.
* The reader may see more concerning archery in Aeham <f Tuxophilus."
300 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR GEORGE WHARTON, kn . and bar 1 . M.
46. D. Log g an ad vivum sc. Svo.
GEORGJUS WHARTONUS, &c. Before his works,
published hyGadbury; 1683; Svo. See the INTER
REGNUM.
JOHN GADBURY ; oval; engraved in an astrolo
gical scheme, probably by Faitliorne; sm. 4to.
JOHANNES GADBURIUS. &c. oval : astrological
K O
scheme underneath; h. sh.
JOHN GADBURY. Shenvin sc. Svo.
JOHANNES GADBURIUS, &c. Savage sc. I2mo.
See the INTERREGNUM.
JOHANNES PARTRIDGE, M. 35. R.Whitesc.
Before his " Astrological Vade Mecum" 1679 ; 12mo.
JOHN PARTRIDGE ; in a long wig. R. White del
et sc. Prefixed to his "Treasury of Physic k ;" 1682;
Svo.
As Partridge was so unfortunate as to be the butt of a celebrated
wit in the reign of Anne, the ridiculous part of his character, or
rather the ridicule that was thrown upon him, will be remembered
when the rest of his personal history is forgotten. Mr. John
Aubrey informs us, that when he had learned to read, and a little
to write, he was bound apprentice to a shoemaker ; and that he
followed this occupation. When he was eighteen years of age, he
found means to procure a Lilye s Grammar, a Gouldman s Dic
tionary, Ovid s Metamorphosis, and a Latin Bible ; and, by the
help of these books, he acquired Latin enough to read the works
of astrological authors in that language. He next applied himself
OF ENGLAND. 301
to the study of Greek and Hebrew. He also studied physic ; but
was, saith my author, a shoemaker in Covent-garden in 1680. I
find that he was sworn physician to Charles II. not long after ; as
he is styled Physician to Ms Majesty in the title to his translation
of " Hadrianus a Mynsicht s Treasury of Physic," 1682. But
he never attended the court, nor received any salary. He is said
to have taken a doctor s degree, en passant, when he was in Scot
land. Mr. Aubrey has given us the following list of his works,
which he has carried down to the year above-mentioned : " A
Hebrew Calendar," 1678; " Vade Mecum," 1679 ; " Ecclesilegia,
an Almanack," 1679; another with the same title, for 1680; "The
King of France s Nativity;" "A Discourse of two Moons;"
" Mercurius Cselestis," an Almanack, for 1681; " Prodromus, a
Discourse of the Conjunction of Saturn and Mars."* He was
also author of " The black Life of John Gadbtiry/ f &c. He lies
buried in the churchyard of Mortlake, in Surrey. The following
inscription is engraved on his tomb :
Johannes Partridge Astrologus,
et Medicinse Doctor:
natus est apud East Sheen,
in Comitatu Surry,
18. Die Januarii, Anno 1644,
et mortuus est Londini,
24. Die Junii, Anno 1715.
Medicinam fecit duobus Regibus,
unique Regings; Carolo scilicet secundo,
Willielmo tertio, Reginoeque Marise.
creatus Medicinoe Doctor,
Lugduni Batavorum.J
HENRICUS COLEY, philomath, nat. civitat.
Oxon. Octobris 18, 1633, J3f. 35, 1668; a celestial
globe at his elbow.
* MS. in Mus. Ashmol.
t It is observable, that almost all the noted astrologers spoke of each other as
rogues and impostois.
J In the " Miscellanea Lipsiensia," tom. ii. p. 763, in the List of Persons who
died in 1715, is the following article, under this title, " Ex Ordine Philosophorum,
Joannes Partridge, Astronomus ct Astrologus, in Anglia famigeratissirnus, Londini,
Mense Junio (scil. obiit.)"
302 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
HENRY COLEY ; an anonymous head, in a plain
neckcloth with the signs of the zodiac about it. I take
this head y which is well engraved, to be the same which
is mentioned by Mr. Walpole, at p. 108 of his " Cata
logue of Engravers," second edit, under the article of
ROBERT WHITE. There is an octavo print of him,
different from this, with Whites name to it.
HENRY COLEY, " teacher of mathematicks ;" in
an oval.
Mr. Wood informs us, that Coley was a tailor by trade, and the
dopted son of Lilly,* who made him a present of the thirty-sixth
impression of his " Ephemeris." This was continued by the son
for many years :
" Sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis."
His principal work is his Key to the whole Art of Astrology," of
which there is an improved edition, called " A Key to the whole
Art of Astrology new filed." He took care to inform the world
that he lived in Baldwin s-court, Gray s-Inn-lane, over against
the Hole in the Wall, where he was much resorted to as an astro
loger, a fortune-teller, and a caster of urine.
JOHANNES MIDDLETON, Philomath ; a head
in an octagon frame, over which are the sun, moon,
and stars.
This mean-looking figure appears more like a country fellow,
who comes to have his fortune told, than an astrologer and fortune
teller. He was, however, the author of a book of astrology, pub
lished in 1679, 8vo. to which is prefixed his head.
RICHARDUS SAUNDERS, student in physic
* The custom of adopting sons had long obtained among astrologers and chvmists
It has been mentioned before, under the article of BLAGRAVE.
OF ENGLAND. 303
and astrology, 1677; a book in his right hand; his
left on a celestial globe.
RICHARD SAUNDERS. T. Cross. Prefixed to his
" Physiognomy" fol.
RICHARD SAUNDERS ; fol. sir. verses.
Richard Saunders was author of " The Astrological Judgment
and Practice of Physick, deduced from the Position of the Heavens
at the Decumbiture of the sick Person : wherein the fundamental
Grounds thereof are most clearly displayed and laid open : shew
ing, by an universal method, not only the Cause, but the Cure and
End of all manner of Diseases incident to human Bodies, &c. being
the thirty years Practice and Experience of Richard Saunders, Stu
dent in Physick and Astrology; 1677 ; 4to. His portrait is before
this book. He was also author of a folio on physiognomy, chiro
mancy, moles, dreams, &c. of which various extracts and abridg
ments have been made, and sold by the hawkers. Physiognomy
and chiromancy were more respected in the reign of Charles II.
than they have been since : they were then regarded as next in
dignity to their sister Astrology.*
JOHANNES HEYDON, eques, &c. Nat. 1629.
T. Cross sc. Before his " Holy Guide; 1662 ; I2mo.
The author had no right to the title of eques.
JOHANNES HEYDON, &c. Sherwin sc. \2rno.
JOHANNES HEYDON ; a small bust, with ornaments,
neatly engraved ; over the head is this inscription, in a
* Mr. Evelyn has, in his " Nnmismata," given us a long chapter upon physiog
nomy. The first book of chiromancy ever printed in England was published by
George Wharton, in 1652, octavo, and dedicated to Mr. Ashmole. It is a transla
tion from the Latin of John Rothman, M. D.
304 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
label ; (t Heydon s* Way to Happiness, in Nature,
Reason, and Philosophy ;" Svo.
JOHN HEYDON, with arms, fyc. W. Richardson.
John Heydon, who sometimes assumed the name of Exigenius
Theodictatus, was a great pretender to skill in the Rosicrucian
philosophy and the celestial sciences. There is something truly
original in his books ; and he appears to have far out-canted all
the rest of his brethren. His chymical and astrological works are
numerous: but I shall pass over that in which he has made " A
Discovery of the true Coelum Terr," and that which contains " The
occult Power of the Angels of Astronomy in the Telesmaticalf
Sculptures of the Persians and Egyptians ;" and several others
equally extraordinary; and transcribe only two of their titles, name
ly, " The English Physician s Guide, or the holy Guide ; leading
the Way to know all Things past, present, and to come; to resolve
all manner of Questions, cure all Diseases ; leading theWay to Virtue,
Art, and Nature, and to the golden Treasures of Nature byTransmu-
tation; with the Rosie Cross uncovered, and the Places, Temples,
holy Houses, Castles, and invisible Mountains of the Brethren dis
covered and communicated to the World, for the full Satisfaction of
Philosophers, Alchymists, &c. all in six Books, with a small Chy
mical Dictionary;" Lond. 1662; Svo. " Hammeguleh Hampan-
neah ; or the Rosie Crucian Crown, t set with seven Angels, seven
Planets, seven Genii, twelve Signs, twelve Ideas, sixteen Figures; and
their occult Powers upon the seven Metals, and their miraculous
Virtues in Medicines ; with the perfect and full Discovery of the
Pantarva and Elexirs of Metals, prepared to cure Diseases : where-
unto is added Elhauareuna presorio, Regio Lucis et Psonthon;
Lond. 1665 ; Svo. The author, who has given us the outlines of
his character, in the title-pages of his books, was much resorted to
by the Duke of Buckingham ; who, like the godless regent mention
ed by Mr. Pope, was much infatuated with judicial astrology. He
employed Heydon to calculate the king s and his own nativity; and
was assured that his stars had promised him great things. He was
also employed by the duke in some treasonable and seditious prac-
* His name was sometimes written Haydon.
t Heydon, if he meant any thing by this word, meant talismanical.
$ This title is taken from the second book.
OF ENGLAND. 305
tices, for which he was sent to the Tower, where he was more
honourably lodged than he had ever been before.* He lost much
of his former reputation, by telling Richard Cromwell andThurloe,
who went to him disguised like cavaliers, that Oliver would infalli
bly be hanged by a certain time, which he outlived several years.
He married the widow of Nicholas Culpeper, and succeeded to
much of his business.
JOHN, commonly called JACK ADAMS ;f in a
fantastic dress, with a tobacco-pipe at his girdle , stand
ing at a table, on which lie a horn-book and Poor Ro
bins Almanack. On one shelf is a single row of books ;
and on another several boys play -things, particularly
tops, marbles, and a small drum. Before him is a man
genteelly dressed, presenting jive, pieces ; from his mouth
proceeds a label thus inscribed : " Is she a Princess?"
This is meant for Carleton, who married the pretended
German princess. Behind him is a ragged slatternly
woman, who has also a label at her mouth with these
words: " Sir, can you tell my fortune?" At the bottom
is a satirical inscription in barbarous Latin, or rather
English with Latin terminations, addressed to Adams,
o
who is styled " Jac/co Cunningmanissimo" S$c. <^c.
(W. Sherwin) Svo. rare.
This curious print is copied by Caulfield and Thane.
Jack Adams, professor of the celestial sciences at Clerkenwell-
green, was a blind buzzard that pretended to have the eyes of an
eagle. He was chiefly employed in horary questions, relative to
love and marriage ; and knew, upon proper occasions, how to
soothe the passions and flatter the expectations of those who con-
* " There was a poor fellow, says Lord Clarendon, who had a poorer lodging,
about Tower-hill, and professed skill in horoscopes; to whom the duke often re
paired in disguise, &c." This poor fellow, as appears from Carte s " Life of the
Duke of Ormond," was Ileydon. See the " Contiri. of Lord Clarendon s Life."
p. 816.
t This print may be placed here, or in the twelfth class.
VOL. V. 2 R
306 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
suited him ; as a man might have had much better fortune from
him for five guineas than for the same number of shillings. He
affected a singular dress, and cast his horoscopes with great so
lemnity. When he failed in his predictions, he declared that the
stars did not absolutely force, but powerfully incline; and threw
the blame upon wayward and perverse fate: he maintained that
their tendency was intrinsically right, when they intimated such
things as were never verified ; and that they were only wrong, as
the hand of a clock made by a skilful workman, when it is moved
forward or backward by any external and superior force. He as
sumed the character of a learned and cunning man ; but was no
otherwise cunning, than as he knew how to over- reach those cre
dulous mortals, who were as willing to be cheated as he was to
cheat them, and who relied implicitly upon his art.*
JAMES JULL, astrologer;
"3| 3(fr TV" ^ "yf* <fc *7p
The mercurialists, physiognomists, chiromancers, astrologers,
philomaths, and well-wishers to the mathematics, were more nu
merous in this reign than they have been at any other period.
There was a large collection of their works in the Harleian Library.!
* Astrologers are empirics in astral science, as quacks are in physic. Such was
the credulity of the people at this period, that there was scarce a country town in
which there was not a calculator of nativities, and a caster of urine. Some, to their
great emolument united both professions, as a student in physic and astrology was,
by the generality of the vulgar, esteemed much superior to a mere physician; and
planetary influence was supposed to be of the greatest efficacy in human life,
especially in love affairs. I have heard of a woman who married very foolishly,
and had this posy on her ring, as an apology for her ill conduct:
None can prevent
The stars intent.
It was currently reported among the people who best knew the wife, that " the
stars also intended that the poor husband should be a cuckold." I have said more
than I should otherwise have done on this subject, as I have now before me a
scheme of a nativity, drawn up, for aught I know to the contrary, by Jack Adams.
This alone would serve for a satire upon astrology.
t There appeared, in the reign of Charles II. an almanack under the name of
" Poor Robin, a Well-wisher to the Mathematics," which has been continued for
about a century. The author hit the taste of the common people, who were much
delighted with a wit of their own level. This occasioned the publication of a book
of jests under the same name, and in the same reign.
OF ENGLAND. 30?
THOMAS STAVELEY, Propraetor Leicestrise. Ob.
Anno 1683, JEtatis sucz 57. In Nichols s "History of
Leicestershire"
Thomas Staveley, esq. was born at East Langton in 1626, and
after having completed his academical education at Peter-house,
Cambridge, was admitted of the Inner Temple, July 2, 1647, and
called to the bar June 12, 1654. He married, Dec. 31, 1656,
Mary, the youngest daughter of John Onebye, esq. of Hinckley ;
and in 1662, succeeded his father-in-law as steward of the records
at Leicester. When he was called to the bar, he practised the law,
and lived for the greatest part of his time at Bel grave, in the par
sonage-house there; where, on the 12th of October, 1669, he lost
his lady. In 1674, when the court espoused the cause of popery,
and the presumptive heir of the crown openly professed himself a
Catholic, he displayed the enormous exactions of the court of
Rome, by publishing the " Romish Horseleech." About six or seven
years before his death he removed to Leicester, and lived in the
great house at the corner of the Friers-lane, near the South-gate,
where he died, Jan. 2d, 1683-4, in his 57th year, and was buried
in St. Mary s church, in a very solemn manner, the mayor, with the rest
of the twenty-four aldermen and their wives, &c. attendinghis funeral.
Having passed the latter part of his life in the study of English his
tory, he acquired a melancholy habit ; but was esteemed a diligent,
judicious, and faithful antiquary. Mr. Carte, in a letter to Mr.
Bridges, in May 1722, says, " The character which I have re
ceived of Mr. Staveley is, that he was of a middle stature and thin
body ; that he was given to no vice, was strictly just, abhorred all
manner of fraud or bribery in his practice of the law, was very
rarely observed to be in a passion, being of singular patience under
the highest provocations, and the greatest pains which very severe
fits of the gout exercised with him. He was of a mild, inoffensive
disposition, so that all that knew him had a respect for him : and
as he was very early made a justice of the peace, and of the quorum,
for the county of Leicestershire ; so, notwithstanding the several
changes in the reign of Charles the Second, he continued till his
death. The report which you have heard of his being a Papist
is false, having no other ground but that one of his sons did be
come such : but as for himself, the only book which he published
in his lifetime might have secured him from such an imputation^
viz. The Romish Horseleech, which was certainly his, although
308 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his name be not set to it. Several years after, his youngest son,
who was rector of Medbourn in this county, published a small
treatise, by his father, under the title of Three Historical Essays :
viz. 1 . Proves the title of the kings of England to the crown of France ;
and vacates the law salique. 2. Delineates the titles of the houses
of York and Lancaster to the crown of England ; with the great
mischiefs and chief reasons of the alternate successes of those
titles. 3. Derives the title of King Henry the Seventh, with his
pedigree and issue. The union of the two houses in him ; with the
union of the two kingdoms in King James ; how far he proceeded
therein to the farther uniting of them ; and how far it was prosecuted
in King Charles the Second s time. Written some years since by
Thomas Staveley, esq. 1703/ He left also in MS. a History of
Churches, which was published in 1712; and a collection relating
to the antiquities and history of Leicester, of which I had some dis
course with you ; and if you desire an account of the heads of it, I will
draw out one, and send it you. One of his daughters, Mrs. Bru-
denell, lives now at Market-Harborough, from whom I had most of
the particulars above mentioned : and also she informs me, that
her father was uncle and guardian to the late lord-keeper Wrighte,
and as such had the care of his education ; which trust he dis-
charged with honour and credit,"
AN AUTHORESS. / jjj
HANNAH WOOLLEY. Faithorne f. Svo. The
first impressions have the name of Sarah Gilly.
HANNAH WOOLLEY ; in the title to " The Accom
plished Ladies Rich Closet of Rarities."
HANNAH WOOLLEY ; in an oval, anonymous.
" The Queen s Closet opened," a book of receipts in Cookery, &c.
had not long been published, when there came forth " The Queen-
like Closet," which was pretended to be much more complete than
the former. Mrs. Woolley wrote " A Supplement to the Queen-
like Closet ; or a little of every Thing." Her " Ladies Delight, or
a rich Closet of Experiments and Curiosities, containing the Art
OF ENGLAND. 309
of Preserving," &c. has been several times printed. It appears
from Clavel s Catalogue, that this was published about the same
time with " Digby s Closet opened. 5 Mrs. Woolley was also au
thor of " The Gentlewoman s Companion, or a Guide to the Fe
male Sex ; containing Directions of Behaviour in all Places, Com
panies," &c. This was reprinted in 1674. The above account,
which is taken from Clavel, may be true : but it is not very im
probable that neither the portrait nor the books belonging to Mrs.
Woolley ; and such as are acquainted with the frauds of modern
booksellers might be inclined to think that no such person ever
existed. I have heard an old lady, who was very learned in
cookery and its appendant branches of science, say, that the au
thors who wrote on these subjects generally stole from each other.
A SCOTCH AUTHOR.
THOMAS BINNING, Scotus. R. White sc. Svo.
Effigiem spectas ; prsestat spectare laborem :
Ingenio pollet ; omnibus arte prseit."
This person, who was a sea-captain, was author of a book of
gunnery; Lond. 1676; 4to.
CLASS X.
ARTISTS, &c.
PAINTERS OF HISTORY, &c.
ROBERT STREATER,* ipse p. Banwrman sc.
In the " Anecdotes of Painting ; 4to.
* In " England s Recovery, being the History of the Army under the conduct of
Sir Thomas Fairfax," fol. 1647, is an etching by him of the battle of Naseby, in
two sheets. He has there spelt his name Streeter.
310 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Robert Streeter, serjeant-painter to the king, was one of the
most universal of our English artists. He painted history, portrait,
landscape, and still-life. If he had confined his talent to one
branch only, he would doubtless have arrived at much greater ex
cellence than he did. Some of his fruit-pieces were deservedly
admired. He painted several ceilings at Whitehall, which were
destroyed by the fire ; the battle of the giants at Sir Robert
Clayton s; and the chapel at All Souls College, at Oxford. His
principal work is at the theatre in that university, a performance
altogether unworthy of the architect. Ob. 1680, JEt. 56.
VERRIO. Eannerman sc. In the " Anecdotes of
Painting ;" 4/0.
Antonio Verrio, a Neapolitan, was an artist of more invention
than taste, and of greater expedition than correctness. His pompous
staircases and his ceilings are popularly esteemed the greatest or
naments of our villas and palaces. He excelled in painting marble
steps and columns, which he took care to introduce upon every
occasion. He has painted himself at Windsor, in a long periwig,
among the spectators of Christ healing the sick. Ob. 1707.
REMBRANDT VAN RHYN, painter and en
graver; natus 1606, ob. 1674.
This print is copied, probably by Worlidge, from the double por
trait of Rembrandt and his wife. It is prefixed to the catalogue
and description of his etchings, printed for T. Jeiferys ; 1752;
12mo. See an account of many more portraits of him in that cata
logue. His head is placed here upon the authority of Vertue,
who informs us that he painted at Hull in this reign.* His portrait,
by himself, is at Bulstrode.
Though Rembrandt excelled as a painter of history and portrait,
and especially in the latter, he is much better known as an engraver.
Some of his prints are deservedly famous for the excellence of the
dare obscure, as it is seen in a supposed, or accidental light; others
are remarkable for the extravagance of that principle. He copied
nature with all its defects, as he saw it in his own country ; and
* See the " Anecdotes of Painting."
OF ENGLAND. 311
even this he sometimes debased, but seldom rose above it. There
is a vein of good sense running through most of his works.* His
print of Christ healing the sick, esteemed the most capital of his
etchings, sold, some years since, for thirty guineas : his portrait of
the Burgomaster Six, has sold for more. I have been credibly in
formed that Mr. Grose, a jeweller, who lived lately at Richmond,
gave 130/. for five only of his prints, and that they sold for much
more, at the sale of his collection soon after his decease.
There are upwards of twenty portraits of Rembrandt, etched by
himself.
PORTRAIT PAINTERS.
PETRUS LELY, pictor Carol! II. Magnse Bri-
tannise regis. P. Lely ddin. A. de Jode sc. large
h. sh. or an ordinary sheet.
PETRUS LELII (LELY), eques, &c. P. Lely p.
J. Becketf. h. sh. mezz.
PETRUS LELY, c. h. sh. mezz. sold by Smith.
PETRUS LELY, &c. Lely p. oval ; mezz. h. sh. sold
by Browne.
* Some of them are extremely capricious ; but we frequently see much more
caprice in the collector^ of his prints, than in the character of the artist. It is in
credible what sums of money have been paid by connoisseurs for some cf the most
whimsical of his performances. These gentlemen are sometimes misled by preju
dice. They have been so accustomed to use spectacles, as to have lost the natural
use of their eyes. Men of good sense, though absolutely ignorant of the principles
of taste, frequently judge better from the effects of the productions of the fine arts,
than others do from rule and custom. The seeds of taste are implanted in mankind
by nature. I have seen a country fellow, influenced by mere natural sensibility, as
much struck with the sight of a wooden bust in a hatter s shop-window, as a judge
of statuary would be at the sight of the Belvedere Apollo, or the Venus of Medicis.
This sensibility, corrected and matured by judgment and experience, is what con
stitutes true taste. Such as are void of sentiment, attempt in vain to acquire it.
But how comparatively mean is that confined taste, which is limited to the rarities
of art only, to that more diffusive one, which has the variety of nature for its object,
and can view, with emotion, the wonders of the creation !
312 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
PETRUS LELY, &c. Lely p. G.Vakk f. kto. mezz.
SIR PETER LELY ; se ipse p. Eannerman sc. copied
from A. de Jode. In the " Anecdotes of Painting; Mo.
PETRUS LELY. Ficquet sc. In Des Campes " Pein-
tres"
Mr. Methuen has Sir Peter Lely and his family painted in oil by
himself. His head in Crayons, by himself, is at Strawberry-hill.
Sir Peter Lely, who painted history and landscape when he first
came into England, applied himself afterward to portrait, in emula
tion of Vandyck. He copied the works of that admirable master
with great success ; but could not arrive at his excellence in copy
ing nature. Vandyck painted what he saw before him; Lely
painted his own ideas. In Vandyck s pictures we instantly see the
person represented ; in Lely s we see the painter. The languishing
air, the sleepy eye, the cast of draperies, shew him to have been
an excessive mannerist: but they shew him, at the same time, to
have been an excellent artist. The ladies were desirous of being
drawn by his hand, as he knew how to bestow beauty where nature
had been sparing. It has been justly said of him, that " he painted
many fine pictures, but few good portraits." Ob. 30 November,
1680, JEt. 63. He left an estate of 900Z. per annum ; and his ju
dicious collection of paintings, prints, and drawings, sold for
26,000/.
GODFRIDUS KNELLER, Germ, missus a Carolo
II. ad depingendum Ludovicum Magnum, &c. 1685.*
Kneller p. J. Becketf. large h. sh. mezz.
Godfrey Kneller, a native of Lubeck, came to England by the
way of Hamburgh, and was employed to paint a portrait of Charles
II. at the same time with Sir Peter Lely, who candidly bestowed
great praise upon his performance. This success fixed Kneller at
the English court, where he painted seven sovereigns, besides
three foreign ones. His principal patron was William III. who
* The king died before his return to England.
OF ENGLAND. 313
conferred on him the honour of knighthood, and engaged him to
paint the Hampton-court beauties. He died very rich, in 1723.
JOHN HOSKINS ; from a miniature painted by
himself^ In the collection of W. Sotheby, esq. S. Hard
ing exc.
For the life of this valuable master (says Lord Orford), fewer
materials than of almost any man in the list, who arrived to so
much excellence, can be found. Vertue knew no more of him
than what was contained in Graham s " English School/ where we
are only told, " that he was bred a face-painter in oil ; but after
ward taking to miniature, far exceeded what he did before ; that
he drew King Charles, his queen, and most of the court, and had
two considerable disciples, Alexander and Samuel Cooper, his
nephews; the latter of whom became much the more eminent
limner."
Hoskins, though surpassed by his scholar, the younger Cooper,
was a very good painter : there is great truth and nature in his
heads ; but the carnations are too bricky, and want a gradation and
variety of tints. There is a head of Serjeant Maynard, by him, at
Strawberry-hill, boldly painted, and in a manly style, though not
without these faults ;* and another good one of Lord Falkland,
more descriptive of his patriot melancholy than the common prints :
it was in the collection of Dr. Meade. There is indeed one work
of Hoskins s that may be called perfect : it is the head of a man,
rather young, in the gown of a master of arts, and a red satin
waistcoat ; the clearness of the colouring is equal to either of the
Olivers ; the dishevelled hair touched with exquisite freedom. It
is in the possession of Mr. Fanshaw, but not known whose por
trait. Hoskins died in February, 1664, and was buried in Covent-
garden church the 22d of the same month.
* From this miniature an engraving was made a few years ago, which may be found
in Lyson s " Environs of London," vol. ii. p. 235. AtBurJeigh is a portrait of David
Cecil, son of John, fourth Earl of Exeter, by Frances, daughter of the Earl of
Rutland; it is dated 1644: and another of Sir Edward Cecil, afterward Viscount
Wimbledon. At the Earl of Dysart s, at Ham-house, is a portrait of a lady by
him, painted in a superior style.
VOL. V. 2 S
314 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SAMUEL COOPER ; ipse p. Chambars sc. In
the "Anecdotes of Painting ; 4to.
Samuel Cooper was a disciple of his uncle Hoskins, who, though
cme of the best painters- of his age in miniature, was far exceeded
by his nephew. He is called The Vandyck in little^ and is well
known to have carried his art to a greater height of perfection than
any of his predecessors. His excellence was limited to a head.
He died in 1672, in the 63d year of his age. His wife was sister
to Mrs. Eadith Pope, mother to our celebrated poet.*
THOMAS FLATMAN, holding a drawing of
Charles IL in his left hand; en medaille; proof;
h* sh. mezz.
THOMAS FLATMAN. Hay Is p. Walker sc. Lithe
" Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4tto.
THOMAS FLATMAN; ipsepinvit, 1661. Godefroysc.
From a capital miniature, fyc.
THOMAS FLATMAN, by I. T. Wedgwood, from a
drawing by Sir Peter Lely, in the possession of C. and
If. Baldwyn, booksellers, formerly in the, collection of
Earl Godolphin.
Thomas Flatman was bred to the law, but neglected that
dry and laborious study, to pursue his inclination to painting
and poetry. Some of his tastele&s contemporaries thought him
equally excellent in both ; but one of his heads is worth a ream of
his Pindarics ; I had almost said all the Pindarics written in this
reign. His works are extremely scarce. Vertue saw a limning
by him in the collection of Edward, earl of Oxford, which was so
finely executed, that he has placed him upon the same level with
Hoskins, and next to Cooper. Ob. 8 Dec. 1688, JEt. arc. 53.
See Class IX.
* " Anecdotes of Painting."
OF ENGLAND. 315
GERRARD ZOUST, or (SOEST). Bannerman sc.
In the " Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4to. This head is in
the same plate with that of old Griffier and Edema.
Gerard Zoust, a German, was deservedly Famous for painting
men s portraits, in which he had much more success than in. wo
men s. He was indeed too faithful a copier of nature to be much
in vogiie among the ladies. The low price which he received for
painting a head, which was but 3/. shews that his reputation was
far below his merit. Riley was educated under him. His own
portrait, by himself, is at Houghton. Its admission into the col
lection there is a sufficient proof of its excellence. Ob. 1681.
GULIELMUS WISSING, inter pictores sui seculi
celeberrimos, nulli secundus ; artis suse non exiguum
decus et ornamentum. Ob. Sept. 10, An. Mi. 31,
D ni . 1687. " Immodicisbrevis est.ZEtas." W. Wissingp.
J. Smith f. f 1-6 8 7); h. sh. mezz.
William Wiss-ing, who was a disciple of Dodaens, a history
painter at the Hague, was, for some time, employed under Sh
Peter Lely, whose manner he imitated. Upon the death of that
artist, he became the painter in vogue, especially among the ladies.
He is said to have always caught the beautiful likeness; and if
any of the sex who sat to him had too much paleness in her coun
tenance, which is frequently the effect of long sitting, he took her
by the hand, and danced her about the room, to add life and spirit
to her beauty. He painted the portraits of the .royal family,.
MR. GIBSON, in the same plate with his wife.
Walker sc. In the " Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4to.
Richard Gibson, commonly called tlie Dwarf, to distinguish him
from his nephew, William Gibson, was a disciple of De Cleyn,
master of the tapestry works to Charles I. He was page of the
back-stairs to that prince, and so much in his favour, that he did
him the honour to give him his little wife in marriage. He im
proved himself in his art under Sir Peter Lely, whose manner he
316 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ,
successfully imitated. The princesses Mary and Anne, who became
afterward queens of Great Britain, were taught to draw by him :
he went over to Holland on purpose to instruct the former. He
sometimes painted historic pieces, but applied himself chiefly to
portraits. He did that of Cromwell several times. Ob. 23, July
1690. See Mrs. GIBSON, in the next Class.
NICOLAUS DE LARGILLIERE; ipse p. Chereau
sc. sh. There are also prints of him by Depuis and
Desrochers.
N. DE LARGILLIERE, his wife and two children;
ipse p. Becketf. mezz. large h. sh.
NICOLAUS DE LARGILLIERE. -ZV. Largilliere; P.
Drevet.
NICOLAUS DE LARGILLIERE. Wille. sc. Svo.
Largilliere, a Frenchman, was a portrait painter of eminence in
this, and the next reign. He was persuaded by Le Brim to settle
at Paris, though much inclined to fix at London. He was an in
timate friend of Rigaud, who is said to have been his competitor as
a painter. He died at Paris, in 1746, aged about ninety. He was
employed by Sir John Warner, and several other persons, some of
whom were of the first distinction.* Mr. Walpole mentions the
original from which the family-piece above described is taken.
The print is very scarce.
CLAUDE LE FEVRE. Chambars sc. In the
" Anecdotes of Painting ."
Claude Le Fevre, who was was also a Frenchman, studied
under Le Sueur and Le Brun. His genius led him chiefly to
portrait, in which branch of painting he was eminent in his own
country. He seems to have been but a short time in England.
* The prints of James II. and his queen after Largilliere are well known.
OF ENGLAND. 317
JOHN HAYLS. Hoskins p. a small oval; in the
same plate with Le Fevre.
Though the name or the works of Hayls are very little known,
he is said to have been a rival of Sir Peter Lely. His greatest
excellence was in copying Vandyck. Ob. 1679.
JOHN GREENHILL; ipse p. Bannerman sc. 4/0.
John Greenhill was one of the most promising disciples of Sir
Peter Lely, under whom he made so sudden and great a profi
ciency, that he regarded him as a very formidable rival. He was
snatched away in the midst of his career by death, which was im
puted to his too free living. Mrs. Behn, who was a greater ad
mirer of his handsome person, than of his excellence as a painter,
and was supposed to have had a tender attachment to him, wrote
an elegy on his death. General Cholmondeley has a half length
portrait of him, in which a judicious eye might discern the different
styles of Vandyck and Lely. He did a portrait of Bishop Ward,
which is now in the town-hall at Salisbury. He etched the head
of his brother, an ingenious young man, of whom mention has
been made in the preceding class.* Ob. 19 May., 1676.
JOHN BAPTIST CASPARS; a small head; in
the same plate with Greenhill.
This artist was employed by Lely, Riley, and Kneller, to paint
their postures. He drew some good designs for tapestry, and
painted several portraits. Ob. 1691.
SIR RALPH COLE, bart. Lely p. F. Place /,
h. sh. mezz.
There is a small head of him in the " Anecdotes of Painting. 1 *
This gentleman painted a portrait of Thomas Wyndham, esq.
from which a mezzotinto print has been engraved. It appears
* See the " Anecdotes cf Painting."
318 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
from a manuscript letter of the reverend and learned Thomas
Baker, B. D. of St. John s College, Cambridge, to Mr. Hearne,
that " Sir Ralph Cole, when very young, was taught to paint by
Vandyck ; and that he had also a strange genius for mechanical
arts." I am credibly informed, that he retained several Italian
painters in his service, at the expense of 500/. a year; and that
he spent his fortune by his rage for painting.
PAINTERS IN VARIOUS BRANCHES. r
GERARD EDEMA ; in the .same plate with Zoust,
. In the " Anecdotes of Painting; 4to.
, Gerard Edema, a native of Amsterdam, came into England
about the year 1670. He was famous for painting landscapes, in
which he exhibited a great variety of horrid and uncultivated
scenes; such as rocks, mountains, precipices, cascades, cataracts,
and other wildnesses of savage nature. He went to Norway and
Newfoundland on purpose to collect subjects. Ob arc. 1700.
ADRIAN VAN DIEST; small; in the same plate
with Le Piper.
Adrian Van Diest, a Dutchman, was a landscape painter of con
siderable note. He came into England in this reign, where he
spent the greatest part of his life. He drew many views on the
sea-coasts, and in the western parts of the kingdom. His clouds
and distances are generally well painted. As he met with less
encouragement than he deserved, he slighted some of his pieces.
Several of them have uncommon merit. Ob. 1704, JEt. 49. This
head may be placed in either of the following reigns.
WILLIAM VANDE VELDE, Senr. G. Kneller
pitLi\ Sibelius sculp.
William Vande Velde, called the old, to distinguish him from his
son, named after him, was a painter born at Leyden, in 1610. He
excelled in marine subjects, and un settling in London, received
OF ENGLAND. 319
a pension from Charles II. Vande Velde, however, gained no
credit by conducting the English fleet to the coast of Holland,
where the town of Scheveling was destroyed. He took sketches of
the great fight between the Duke of York and the Dutch admiral
Opdam, when the Jj atter was blown up with all his crew. On this
occasion, Van de Velde sailed between the hostile fleets, in a
light skiff, to mark their positions and observe their operations.
He died at London in 1693, and was buried in St. James s church.
WILLIAM VANDE VELDE, Junr. Kneller p.
T. Chambars sc. 4to.
WILLIAM VANDE VELDE; a sea-piece in right
hand; mezz. Kneller; Smith, 1707.
William Vande Velde, father and son, were classic artists in
painting every thing that has any relation to the sea. The father
was never rivalled but by his son ;* the son is without a rival in
any age or nation. They were both retained in the service of
Charles II. who understood and sufficiently valued their admirable
works. The elder Vande Velde was employed in subjects worthy
of his hand. He has perpetuated the most lively representation
of several of the sea-fights in this reign, which are scarce to be
paralleled in the history of mankind. The younger was at sea what
Claude Lorrain was at land ; but his pencil was incomparably more
copious and diversified. There is a well chosen collection of his
paintings in the possession of Mr. Skinner, in Clifford-street, Bur
lington-gardens. See the reign of James II.
ABRAHAMUS HONDIUS, pictor; ipse p. Smith
f. large 4to. mezz.
ABRAHAM HONDIUS ; ipse p. Chambars sc. In the
" Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4fo.
* At Bulstrode is an excellent sea-piece In oil, by the elder Vande Velde : it is
in the manner of a drawing with Indian ink. He was seventy-four years of age
when he did it.
320 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ABRAHAM HONDIUS. Ficquet sc. In Des Campes
" Peintres."
Abraham Hondius, a native of Rotterdam, is very justly cele
brated for painting of animals. He was excelled by Rubens and
Snyders, who stand alone in this branch of their art : but his best
pieces are very little inferior to the style of these capital masters.
He also painted history, landscape, candle-lights, and hunting-
pieces. Mr. Walpole informs us, that his finest picture is a dog-
market, sold at Mr. Halsted s auction, 1726. Ob. 1695.
THOMAS WYCK ; in the same plate with John
Wyck, his son* Bannerman sc. 4to.
Thomas Wyck, who was born at Haerlem, in Holland, followed
the manner of Peter Van Laer, commonly called Bamboccio. He
painted landscape, sea-ports, and other views ; and particularly
excelled in chymical laboratories. I saw lately, in Berkshire, an
excellent view of London on fire, by the hand of this artist. Ob.
1682.
John Wyck, son of the former, excelled in landscapes and hunt
ing-pieces, and was deservedly celebrated for his dogs and horses ;
in which branches of painting Wootton, his disciple, was also ex
cellent. There are some good pieces by the latter in the hall at
Longleat. Ob. 1702.
GRIFFIER ; in the same plate with Zoust, $c. Ban-
nerman sc.
John Griffier, commonly called Old Grijfier, was better known
abroad by the appellation of the Gentleman of Utrecht, though a
native of Amsterdam. He was a good painter of perspective views,
and noted for his landscapes, which he enriched with buildings and
figures. His colouring was uncommonly neat. He excelled in
copying the works of Flemish and Italian masters. He etched
several prints of birds and beasts, after the designs of Francis
Barlow. He died in 1718, at upwards of 72 years of age.
OF ENGLAND. 321
EGBERT HEMSKIRK; small; in the same plate
with Riley. In the " Anecdotes of Painting. 11
EGBERT HEMSKIRK ; in a hat; mezz. J. Oliver ; 4to.
Egbert Hemskirk was a noted painter of drunken revels, wakes,
fairs, Quakers meetings, and waggish subjects. Some are much
delighted with his paintings ; but they are generally such as would
prefer Martial to Virgil. In Bourne s Poems is a copy of verses
on his picture of two Dutchmen looking with a sorrowful coun
tenance into an empty pot ; and also on that of the players at put,
which was engraved by Smith. Ob. 1704.
DANIEL BOON, playing on the violin ; mezz.
This man was also a buffoon painter, and much of the same cha
racter with Hemskirk. He died in 1700.
PETER ROESTRATEN ; a pipe in his right hand,
and a rummer-glass of liquor in his left. A. Banner-
man sc. In the Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4to.
PETER ROESTRATEX; mezz. J. Smith exc. 4to.
PETER ROESTRATEN. P. Roestraten; A. Bloote-
ling ; fol. mezz.
Peter Roestraten, a Dutchman, was a disciple of Francis Hals.
He painted little besides still-life, in which he excelled. There is
an excellent picture by him at Belvoir Castle, the seat of the Duke
of Rutland. It exhibits a watch, a book, a tankard, and several
other things. The tankard is finely executed.
VAN SON. Bannerman sc. In the " Anecdotes of
Painting;
"
Van Son, or Vanzon, who was bred under his father, a flower
painter at Antwerp, was a copious painter of still-life. His pictures
VOL. v. 2 T
322 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
are composed of oranges, lemons, damask curtains, plate, and a
great variety of other objects. Pieces of this kind were more va
lued in the reign of Charles II. than they are at present. 06. 1700.
ALEXANDER BROWNE. J.Huysmansp. A. de
Jode sc. h. sh.
Alexander Browne was author of " Ars Pictoria, or an Academy,
treating of Drawing, Painting, Limning, and Etching," 1669, folio ;
to which is prefixed his head. He, in the title, styles himself Prac
titioner in the Art of Limning. It appears from the encomium of
Payne Fisher, before this treatise, that he engraved the thirty plates
at the end of it.* Some of them are taken from Bloemart s fine
drawing-book, and they are well copied. Many of our old mezzo-
tintos have this inscription, " Sold by Alexander Browne, at the
Blew Balcony in Little Queen-street." As there is seldom the
name of any engraver to the prints said to be sold by him, it is very
probable that some of them were done by his own hand.f
FRANCOIS LE PIPRE (or LE PIPER); collar
unbuttoned.
FRANCIS LE PIPER; in the same plate with VanDiest.
In the " Anecdotes of Painting."
Francis Le Piper, the son of a gentleman in Kent, was designed
for merchandise ; but was of too mercurial a disposition, and too
great a lover of pleasure, to fix to any profession. He was a sin
gular humorist, and was remarkable for rambling over the greatest
part of Europe on foot. When he had a mind to take a tour to the
Netherlands, France, Spain, or Italy, he very abruptly left the king
dom, without the privity of his friends. He had an excellent ta-
* These verses are part of the encomium :
" Debentur turn Browne tuis qnot serta capillis !
Qui tot semineces artes in luminis auras
Duxisti, propriaqiie manu ccelata novasti
Artificum simulacra scnuni."
t Alex. Browne fecit, is inscribed on a mezzotinto of Charles II.
OF ENGLAND. 323
lent for designing, and took a particular pleasure in drawing ugly
faces. It was reckoned dangerous for a man who had any singu
larity of aspect to be in his company, as he would retire after he
had sufficiently viewed him, and sketch out the perfect likeness of
his features. Wine was the element in which he lived; and the
greatest part of his pieces were drawn at the tavern, over a bottle.
After he had dissipated his patrimony, he took money for his works.
He did the drawings for several of the heads in Sir Paul Rycaut s
" History of the Turks ;" and some designs for Becket, who exe
cuted them in mezzotinto. Ob. 1698. See more of him in Graham s
** Essay towards an English School," at the end of De Piles s
" Lives of the Painters."
PETER VANDER MEULEN. A. Bannerman sc.
In the " Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4to.
PETER VANDER MEULEN; mezz. N. Largilliere;
Becket sc.
Peter Vander Meulen, brother of A. F. Vander Meulen, origi
nally a sculptor, abandoned that art for painting. He excelled in
battles and huntings, and coming into England, was employed to
commemorate the exploits of King William.
. FRANCIS MOLET ; small oval.
Francis Molet, or Milo, called Francisque, born at Antwerp
1646, of French extraction, shewed an early inclination for paint
ing, and was placed as pupil to Laurent Frank. He afterward
studied the works of N. Poussin, and is said to have possessed so
retentive a memory, that he could recollect, at a distant period, any
thing remarkable with extraordinary precision. He is said to have
visited England, where he left proofs of his ability in painting, and
executed a few etchings in a slight spirited style. Ob. 1680,
JEt. 36.
CASPER, or GASPER NETSCHER ; me
holding a pallet and brushes. Casp. Netscher
W. Vaillant fecit ; half sheet.
324 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GASPAR NETSCHER. Geillard sc. In Descamps
" Lives of Painters."
Of Gasper Netscher there is some difference of opinion as to the
place and time of his birth : D Argenville says at Prague, in 1639 ;
Descamps and Houbraken, at Heidelberg, in 1639. His father
was a sculptor and engineer in the Polish service, and died leaving
three children ; of which Gasper was the youngest, and about two
years of age. The mother experiencing great distress, Mr. Tulle-
kens, an opulent physician, took the young Netscher, and educated
him for his own profession, but the genius of his protege strongly
inclined him to the art of painting. He became a disciple of Ter-
burg, whose style and beauty of pencil was congenial to his own
taste and conception. Netscher excelled in domestic subjects, and
conversations, which he touched with a spirit and delicacy un
rivalled; particularly in satin, silk, ermine, &c. He visited Eng
land at the invitation of Sir William Temple, but did not remain
here long. Among other persons of distinction whose portraits he
painted, while in England, were those of Lord Berkeley, of Stratton,
and his lady, with the date 1676. He died at the Hague, 1684.
SAMUEL BUTLER ; a small head, without the en
graver s name ; before his "Hudibras; \ 2mo.
" The Hogarth of poetry (says Mr. Walpole) was a painter too."
He did but few things ; yet there is no question but the genius of
painting was greatly assisting to the comic muse. It is observable,
that Hogarth s first public specimen of his talent for humorous
pieces, was a set of prints which he designed for a new edition of
" Hudibras." This was his best method of studying that admirable
burlesque poem.*
SYLVANUS MORGAN, JEt. 41 ; falling band.
* Methinks a pretty emblem might be contrived, of (lie aids which the arts and
sciences receive from each other; in which the principal figures should be painting
and poetry, with this motto,
" PctimuMjue damusque vicissim."
OF ENGLAND. 325
Sylvanus Morgan, who had been bred a blacksmith, was an
arms painter, and the reputed author of a book of heraldry, entitled,
" The Sphere of Gentry." Mr. Wood informs us, from the authority
of Sir William Dugdale, that it was composed by Edward Water-
house, esq. See the article of WATERHOUSE, among the Anti
quaries.
PAINTRESSES.
MRS. BEALE and her son CHARLES. Mary
Beale p. T. Chambars sc. In the "Anecdotes of Paint
ing " 4to.
Mrs. Mary Beale, daughter of Mr. Cradock, minister of Walton-
upon-Thames, was instructed in the art of painting by Sir Peter
Lely, who was a professed admirer of her genius, and was thought
to have a tender regard for her person. She painted portraits in
oil, water-colours, and crayons ; and acquired a good deal of the
Italian style, by copying the works of eminent masters of that
country. She painted more portraits of the dignified clergy than
any of her contemporary artists. Her price was 51. for ahead, and
10/. for a half-length. Mrs. Diana Curtis, first wife of Benjamin,
late bishop of Winchester, was a scholar of Mrs. Beale and her
son.* The former died the 28th of Dec. 1697, in the 65th year of
her age.
Charles Beale painted in oil and water-colours : but a weakness
in his eyes occasioned his quitting his profession, after he had fol
lowed it four or five years.
MRS. ANNE KILLIGREW. A. Killigrewp. A.
E loot ding sc. h. sh. mezz. very scarce.
MRS. ANNE KILLIGREW; painted by herself. J.
Beckctf. large 4to.mezz. Before her Poems, 1686.
* Mrs. Hoadly, widow of the bishop of Winchester, luttl several portraits of her
painting, which do her much honour.
326 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MRS. ANNE KILLIGHEW ; ipsap. Chombars sc. Co
pied from the former. In the " Anecdotes of Paint
ing ;" 4to.
Anne, daughter of Dr. Killigrew, master of the Savoy, was maid
of honour to the Dutchess of York. She was a lady of fine accom
plishments both of body and mind, and celebrated by Mr. Dryden
for her painting and poetry. Her wit was deservedly admired ; but
it received part of its currency from her beauty. She painted
landscape, portrait, and history.* This shews the fertility of her
genius, which had not time to rise to maturity, as she died at the
age of twenty-five. The print before her poems is evidently in the
style of Sir Peter Lely. It appears, from Mr. Dryden s ode to her
memory, that she drew the pictures of the Duke and Dutchess of
York. 06. 1685.
SCULPTORS. , ;
GIBBER. A. Bannerman sc. 4to. In the " Anec
dotes of Painting."
Caius Gabriel Gibber, an artist of merit, came into England a
little before the restoration. He, in a few years, became so eminent,
that he was appointed statuary and carver to the king s closet.
Most of the statues of the kings in the Royal Exchange are of his
hand ; but these are not by far so well executed as the figures of
Melancholy and Raving Madness before the hospital of Bedlam,
which are his capital performances. They were probably taken
from the life. He did two of the bas-reliefs on the pedestal of the
monument, and several good pieces of sculpture at Chatsworth. He
built the Danish church in London, where he lies buried with his
second wife, descended from the family of Colley, in Rutlandshire.
This lady, who brought her husband a fortune of 6000/. was mother
of our late laureat. The monument for Caius Gibber and his wife
was erected in 1696.
* See Dr^ den s ode, in his " MiscelL" V. p. 212. See also " Anecdotes of
Painting."
OF ENGLAND. 327
WILLIAM EMMET, who was no extraordinary artist, was
sculptor to Charles II. before the celebrated Gibbons. There is a
very indifferent mezzotinto of him, done by himself. He also en
graved several topographical views, among which is a west prospect
of St. Paul s cathedral.
ARCHITECTS.
SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN built the church of St. Stephen,
Walbrook, in this reign, which was sufficient to establish his repu
tation as an architect. He may rather be said to have extended his
fame by building St. Paul s, than to have raised it to a greater
height. Mr. Evelyn, who was personally acquainted with him, has
given us a just idea of his great and various talents in the following
passage, which I shall transcribe from the Epistle to the Reader,
before his translation of Freart s " Idea of the Perfection of Paint
ing;" a book but little known, and very rarely to be met with.
Speaking of the famous Bernini, he says, " Not many years since,
he is reported to have built a theatre at Rome, for the adornment
whereof he not only cut the figures and painted the scenes, but writ
the play, and composed the music, which was all in recitative : and
I am persuaded that all this is not yet, by far, so much as that
miracle of our age and country, Dr. Christopher Wren, were able
to perform, if he were so disposed, and so encouraged ; because he
is master of so many admirable advantages beyond them." See the
above-mentioned book. His portrait belongs to the reign of Anne.
SIR BALTHASAR GERBIER, of whom some account has
been given in the reign of Charles I. was promised, as he tells us
himself, the place of surveyor-general of the works, upon the de
cease of Inigo Jones. After the death of Charles, he was very at
tentive to the business of his academy, which he had erected at
Bethnal-green "for foreign languages, and all noble sciences and
exercises."* Butler has ridiculed this academy, in his fictitious
* See the " Interpreter of the Academy/ &c. 1648 ; 4to. before which is a head
of the author, inscribed, " Heureux qui in Dieu se confie." There is another print
of him with a riband and a medal, inscribed " C. R." before his " Discourse on
Magnificent Buildings."
328 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" Will of Philip, earl of Pembroke ;"* who bequeaths " all his other
speeches, of what kind soever, to the academy, to help Sir Baltha-
sar s art of well speaking." As this project did not answer his ex
pectation, he went to Surinam in the time of the usurpation, and is
supposed to have returned to England with Charles II. as he is said
to have designed the triumphal arches erected for the reception of
that prince. In 1663, he published a small treatise, entitled, " Coun
sel and Advice to all Builders :" to which he has prefixed no less
than forty dedications. He died at Hempsted Marshal, the seat of
Lord Craven, of which he drew the plan, and lies buried in the
chancel of the church. See the reign of Charles I. Class V. and X.
See also the " Anecdotes of Painting." A print has lately been
engraved by Walker, from the picture of his family, mentioned in
the former reign.
- A MODELLER. ; : :/i ^
ABRAHAMUS SYMONDS (SIMON). P. Lely p.
Blooteling f. large beard ; 4fo. mezz. This has been
copied.
ABRAHAM SIMON. Vertue sc. a small oval; en
graved in the same plate with his brother s head, before
mentioned.
ABRAHAM SYMONDS ; three heads, in different atti-
tudeSy on an eagle s wings ; an etching.
Abraham Simon, a celebrated modeller in wax, was brother to
Thomas Simon, the medalist, and was of singular service to that
artist in some of his admirable works, of which there is an elegant
volume engraved by Vertue. Abraham, who was bred to learning,
was intended for the church ; but he chose to pursue the bent of his
genius. He was some time retained in the service of Christina,
* This, though attributed to Butler, was probably written by Sir John Birken-
heaci.
OF ENGLAND. 329
queen of Sweden, who presented him with a gold chain and medal.
Charles II. who intended to create an order of knighthood, in com
memoration of his escape after the battle of Worcester, under the
appellation of The Order of the Royal Oak, employed Abraham Simon
to make for that purpose a model in wax of a medal, which was to
have been executed in gold. The king, who approved of his per
formance; rewarded him with a hundred broad pieces. He was
employed by the Duke of York to make another model of his own
head ; but being informed that he intended to give him only fifty
pieces, he, with indignation, crushed the figure betwixt both his
hands, and entirely defaced it. This was injurious to his reputa
tion. He afterward lived in obscurity; but still retained his pride
with his poverty. His whimsical attachment to the garb which he
wore in his youth is remarkable. He adhered to the same mode of
wearing his hair, beard, cloak, boots, and spurs, which prevailed in
the reign of Charles the First. He died soon after the revolution.
SIR ROBERT PE AKE ; from an original drawing
in the collection of R. Bull, esq. E. Harding sc. 4to.
Sir Robert Peake was a printseller and dealer in pictures on
Holborn -bridge, and had the honour of being Faithorne s master.
In a catalogue of English painters, prefixed to De Piles s " Art of
Painting," he is called Prince Rupert s painter.
The earliest mention of him that appears, is in the books of Lord
Harrington, treasurer of the chambers to James I. containing ac
counts of money received and paid by him. " Item. Paid to Robert
Peake, picture-maker, by warrant from the council, dated the 4th of
October, 1612, for three several pictures made by him, at the com
mandment of the Duke of York, his officers, and given away and
disposed of by the duke s grace, 20/."
It does not appear whether these pictures were in oil or water
colours ; but it is probable, that they were portraits of King Charles
the First, then Duke of York. But that Peake did paint in oil is
ascertained by Peacham, in his book of limning, where he expressly
celebrates his good friend Mr. Peake for oil colours.
When the civil war broke out between Charles I. and the parlia
ment, Peake took up arms in behalf of his sovereign, and received
the honour of knighthood at Oxford, the 28th of March, 1645. He
was made a lieutenant-colonel, and had a command in Basing-
VOL. v. 2 u
330 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
house, at the time it was besieged by Cromwell ; and where him
self, with his scholar Faithorne (whom he had persuaded to enlist
under him), together with Winceslaus Hollar, who had been in his
employ, were taken prisoners. Peake died in July, 1667, and was
buried in St. Sepulchre s, London, with great military pomp, to
which parish he had been a considerable benefactor.
ENGRAVERS. ^
GULIELMUS FAITHORNE, sculptor. Faithorne
p. Johannes Filllan sc. h. sh.
WILLIAM FAITHORNE; neatly etched ; Svo.
WILLIAM FAITHORNE; ipse p. Banner man sc.
copied from thejirst. In Mr. Walpole s li Catalogue of
Engravers."
/
There is a softness and delicacy, as well as strength and beauty,
in the best works of Faithorne, which are not to be found in those
of any other English engraver. Nothing is more common than for
people not to see what is before their eyes : the merit of this admi
rable artist was not attended to, before it was pointed out by Mr.
Walpole. The portraits of Sir William Paston, John, viscount
Mordaunt, Frances Bridges, countess of Exeter, Margaret Smith,
Thomas Stanley, and John La Motte, esquires, are among his best
performances. The historical prints in Westley s " Life of Christ"
are said, in the title of that book, to be done (( by the excellent
hand of William Faithorne :" but the generality, at least, are alto
gether unworthy of him. I have been informed, that most of them
were done for a mass-book in the reign of James II. William
Faithorne the son, who performed chiefly in mezzotinto, has been
often confounded with his father. Walter Dolle was a scholar of
the latter, but he was a workman of a much lower class.* Faithorne
the elder died 1691.
* He is styled servant to Faithorne, in the " Account of the Cures wrought by
Valentine Greatraks the Stroker."
OF ENGLAND. 331
; WINCESLAUS HOLLAR; small; ipsef.
WINCESLAUS HOLLAR ; obiit Land. 1677 ; JEt. 70.
In the title to the " Description of his Works" together
with his " Life" by G. Vertue ; (first edit.) 1745 ; 4to.
See tlie reign of CHARLES I.
PETER VANDREBANC (or VANDERBANK), en
graver; own hair; neckcloth.
PETER VANDERBANK ; in the same plate with Vail-
lantj Place, and Lodge. In Mr. Walpole s " Catalogue
of Engravers."
PETER VANDERBANK ; mezz. G. White.
Peter Vandrebanc, a native of Paris, came into England about
the year 1674. He was deservedly admired for the softness of his
prints, some of which are of an uncommon size. These, though
they helped to increase his reputation, helped also to ruin him, as
the profit of the sale was by no means answerable to the time and
expense he bestowed upon them. Charles II. James II. and his
queen, Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey, &c. arc on large sheets, and
finely executed. The head of John Smith, a writing-master, done
from an original by Faithorne, is one of his best portraits. He
etched the ceiling by Verrio, in the drawing-room at Windsor.
But the most valuable of his works is his excellent print of Christ
praying in the garden, after Sebastian Bourdon. The account of
him in the " Anecdotes of Painting," was communicated to Mr.
Vertue by his youngest son, a poor labourer.
ROBERT WHITE. Bannerman sc. In Mr. Wai-
pole s " Catalogue of Engravers ;" 4to. There are se
veral other heads in the same plate.
Robert White, a disciple of Loggan, is supposed to have en
graved more frontispieces to books than any other artist. Many of
332 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his portraits are deficient in point of neatness ; but that is more than
compensated by the truth of his drawing, in which he was never
exceeded. I have transcribed the following singular encomium of
him, from " The Life and Errors of John Dunton," bookseller, p. 346,
written by himself: " Mr. White exceeds all I ever met with, in
taking the. air of a face. He drew for me the picture of Mr. Doo-
little, and he gained much reputation by it ; but his masterpiece
may be reckoned the seren bishops. He takes faces so much to the
life, that the real person may be said to be wherever you see a face
of his doing. Herein imitating the famous Zeuxis, who died of a fit
of laughter, at the sight of a comical old woman s picture which he
had drawn, to his thinking, as if she had been really alive : so that
if none but Apelles was permitted to paint Alexander, I think Mr.
White merits the same honour with respect to the greatest king or
queen upon earth. Zeuxis would never sell any picture, because he
thought them above any price ; and therefore only made presents
of them to kings and queens. I am ready to think, would Mr.
White present, rather than sell, his original pictures, the English
generosity would advance Mr. White to a coach and six, and exceed
that which enriched Zeuxis." Ob. 1704,
PAUL VANSOMER ; in the same plate with Robert
White.
Vansomer did a considerable number of plates after Sir Peter
Lely. His works, which are in no great esteem, except for the
rarity of some of them, consist of etchings, mezzotintos, and en
gravings. He was living in 1690. Richard Tomson, who sold
some of his prints, has been mistaken for the engraver.
ISAAC BECKET; in the same plate with Robert
White.
Becket, who was bred a calico-printer, learned the art of mez-
zotinto from Vansomer. He had the honour of instructing the
famous John Smith. There is a print of him, when young, en
graved by that excellent master.*
* This print was done by Smith in 1689, and is, by some, supposed to represent
one of Becket s family, and not that artist himself. In Mr. Mac Ardell s Catalogue,
quoted before, it is called " Isaac Becket, Smith s master."
OF ENGLAND. 333
WILLIAM ELDER; in the same plate with Robert
White.
WILLIAM ELDER; in a fur cap. W.Faithorne;
J. Nutting sc. Svo.
WILLIAM ELDER ; in a wig. Nutting.
William Elder, a Scotsman, engraved several heads in Sir Paul
Rycaut s " History of the Turks," His portrait of Ben Johnson,
prefixed to one of the folio editions of his works, is his best per
formance.
ARTHUR SOLY was much employed by Robert White, who
drew his head in black lead. In 1683, a print was engraved from
this drawing. Soly did prints of Richard Baxter and Tobias Crisp.
See the " Catalogue of Engravers," 2d edit. p. 110.
PRINCE RUPERT is celebrated for the invention of mezzotinto,
of which he is said to have taken the hint from a soldier scraping
his rusty fusil. It is also said that the first print of this kind ever
published was done by his highness; it maybe seen in the first
edition of Evelyn s " Sculptura."* The secret is said to have been
soon after discovered by Sherwin the engraver, who made use of
a loaded file for laying the ground. The prince, upon sight of one
of his prints, suspected that his servant had lent him his tool,
which was a channelled roller; but upon receiving full satisfaction
to the contrary, he made hirn a present of it. The roller was af
terward laid aside, and an instrument with a crenelled edge, in
shape like a shoemaker s cutting knife, was used instead of it.f
* A good impression of this print is valuable.
t It should not be forgotten, that Sir Christopher Wren is said to have been the
iuventor of mezzotinto. It is certain that there is a black-a-moor s head by him,
in a different manner from that of Prince Rupert. Vertue, in a manuscript in my
possession, mentions" A large head, something tike mezzotinto: some tender parts,
says he, " are done with several chasing and friezing tools. Some of the darkest
parts are grounded like mezzotinto, and scraped. It is thus inscribed : Amelia
Elisabetha, D. G. Hassiae, &c. Landgrav. Comitissa Hannov. Ad vivum a se
priruum depictam, novoque jam sculpturae modo expressam, dicat consecratque
L n S. anno 1643." He refers to Sandrart s " Lives of the Painters," where,
he says, " there is an account of this man s being the inventor of mezzotinto." He
adds, " In Lord Hurley s collection of heads, is one of this lady," says Mr. Wanley ;
" there is also a head of the Comes Hasse, by the same hand, who was the person
that taught Prince Rupert."
334 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The glass drops invented by him are well known. He also in
vented a metal called by his name, in which- guns were cast; and
contrived an excellent method of boring them, for which purpose
a water-mill was erected at Hackney Marsh, to the great detriment
of the undertaker, as the secret died with the illustrious inventor.
He communicated to Christopher Kirby, from whom the present
Christopher Kirby* is descended, the secret of tempering the best
fish-hooks made in England. See Class I. and VII. in this reign,
and also Class I. in the preceding.
W. VAILLANT. W. Vaillant f. 4to. mezz.
W. VAILLANT; in the same plate with Vandrebanc,
c. In Mr. Walpole s " Catalogue of Engravers f 4 to.
W. VAILLANT; mezz. ivith his hat on ; 4to.
Warner, or Wallerant, Vaillant, a painter, was of singular service
to Prince Rupert in putting his new invention of mezzotinto in
practice, came into England with him, soon after the restoration.
He also made considerable improvements upon this invention, as
appears from his own, and his wife s portrait, a curious print of
their family, and a head of Frobenius the printer, after Hans
Holbein. He sometimes painted in black and white. He died in
Holland.
FRANCIS PLACE ; in the same plate with Van-
drebanc, 8$c.
Francis Place was a gentleman of Yorkshire, who painted, de
signed, and etched for his diversion. He also did several portraits
in mezzotinto; particularly that of Richard Sterne, archbishop of
York; and Henry Gyles, a glass-painter of the same city. He had
an excellent hand at etching, as appears from his prints after
Barlow. I have a set of twelve etchings, executed from designs
of that painter, now lying before me : seven of them were done by
Mr. Place, and the rest by old Griffier. They are dedicated to
* Now living in Crowder s Well-alley, near Aldersgate.
OF ENGLAND. 335
Richard, lord Maitland, eldest son of the Earl of Lauderdale,
whom he styles the Maecenas of painting. His prints, especially
his portraits, are very uncommon. Ob. 1728.
. WILLIAM LODGE; in the same plate with Van-
drebanc.
WILLIAM LODGE ; mezz. in a fur cap, neckcloth,
8$c. (F. Place) anonymous.
William Lodge was a gentleman who engraved, and sometimes
painted, for his amusement. He drew and etched various views
in Italy and England. He also etched the heads in Giacomo
Barri s " Viaggio Pittoresco," which he translated ; some prospects
of the clothing towns in Yorkshire for Thoresby s " Ducatus
Leodiensis," and several places of natural history for Dr. Martin
Lister. 06. 1689.
JOHN EVELYN, esq. A. Bannerman sc. In Mr.
Walpoles " Catalogue of Engravers."
This gentleman etched five small views of places which he saw
in his journey betwixt Rome and Naples, a view of his own seat at
Wooton, and another of Putney.* See class IX.
* There are several persons of rank and eminence now living, who amuse them
selves with etching and engraving. Lord Townshend has done several good
caricaturas.t The Countess-dowager of Carlisle has etched several prints from
Rembrandt, Salvator Rosa, Guido, and other celebrated masters. The late general
Guise was so taken with some of her pieces, that he asked, and obtained a complete
set of them. Lord Newnham has etched several landscapes and views about
Stanton-Harcourt, with great freedom and taste. Mr. Irby, son of Lord Boston,
has also etched, with taste and skill, a view of Hedsor church in Buckinghamshire,!
and other pieces. Lady Louisa Greville, daughter of the Earl of Warwick, has
etched several landscapes that well deserve a place in any collection ; as do several
heads etched by Mrs. Elizabetha Bridgetta Gulston, wife of Joseph Gulston, esq.
of Ealing-grove, in Middlesex; particularly the portraits of Dr. Francis Courayer,
after Hamilton, ami the second which she has done of Mr. Gulston, after the same
t The late Mr. Pryse Campbell excelled in caricatura.
J See the " Gentleman s Magazine" for October, 1771, p. 450.
330 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
i
PETER LOMBART ; from a drawing in the pos
session of Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. William
Oldys. R. Grave, Jan. sc. Svo.
painter. Miss Hartley, daughter of the late Dr. Hartley, of Bath, who has etched
Jedidiah Bnxton, and other pieces, deserves also to be mentioned. Sir William
Musgrave has also etched several landscapes with uncommon spirit, from drawings
of Bolognese, and the late Lord Byron. The Rev. Mr. Richard Byron, brother to
the present Lord Byron, has copied Rembrandt s famous landscape of the three trees,
in so masterly a manner, that it has passed in a sale for the original print. This
gentleman, who excels in drawing, has done several other things, some of which are
of his own invention. Mr. Mason s exact etching of his late learned and ingenious
friend Mr. Gray, merits distinction; as does also his own portrait, etched by C.
Carter,* after Vaslet. The just outline and high finishing of some of the prints of
Captain William Baillie, done after pictures, and the character and spirit of others,
from drawings, have been justly admired. He has, in some of his works, blendi-d
inezzotinto and etching with great success. There needs no other proof of his
abilities than the portrait of Witenbogaard,t or the banker, commonly known by
the appellation of the gold weigher, which is one of the finest, as well as the most
scarce and valuable of the prints of Rembrandt.}: The late Mr. Peter Stephens, a
gentleman of an easy fortune, has taken a great number of drawings of picturesque
scenes, and other remarkable views in Italy. Of these he has published two vo
lumes of etchings, several of which he executed himself, and has subjoined to each
view, an historical account of the place. 1 have seen a large half sheet print by
him of the beautiful spot where Horace s villa was anciently situated. $ Dr. Wall,
of Worcester, who wanted only leisure to ercei in painting and engraving, as he
does in physic, has etched several good prints from his own designs. The Rev. Mr.
Tyson, fellow of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge, and Mr. Orde, late of King s,
in the same university, merit a place in this detail for several portraits. Dr. Hill
engraved several of the prints in his " Eden, or Compleat Body of Gardening." I
have been informed that Dr. Dillenius, late professor of botany at Oxford, did-se-
veral plates in his book of Mosses, himself, because the specific differences of those
vegetables were too minute to be distinguished by the eyes of ordinary engravers.
Dr. Gregory Sharpe, late master of the Temple, etched several prints in the " Syn
tagma Dissertationum" of Dr. Hyde, lately published.
* Servant to Mr. Mason.
t Or Vitenbogaard.
$ Captain Baillie has engraved prints after various masters. Fifty of them were
not long since published, in one volume. The captain is now intent upon another
volume, of which I have seen several beautiful specimens, || especially his Imita
tions of Drawings. I am well assured that his prints have sold at much higher
prices in Dutch auctions, than they have ever sold for in England.
Vide Horat. Epist. Lib. I. Ep. XVL
|| This volume will come forth by numbers, of which some have been already
published.
OF ENGLAND. 337
This artist was a native of France, if not of Paris, where he
learned the art of engraving 1 . It appears, that he came into Eng
land before the restoration, because some of his plates for English
publications are dated prior to that event. How long he stayed
here is quite uncertain ; but it is thought, that he was not returned
to France in the year 1672, at which time a set of eight prints,
the seven sciences and the frontispiece, are mentioned in Overtoil s
catalogue, as engraved by him. This artist executed a vast variety
of plates, as well historical as emblematical; which, however, were
chiefly for books. But his best works are portraits ; and of these
he produced a considerable number.
He rarely etched, but, in general, executed his plates entirely
with the graver. He worked in a very neat laboured style ; and
if his good taste had been equal to his assiduity, his works might
have compared with those of the first masters. He was not only
deficient in taste, but his drawing is frequently incorrect ; his out
lines are hard ; and the continual sameness which runs through
all his engravings, is disgusting to the eye. Besides, the dark
shadows want force and boldness ; and the lights are too equally
covered, which gives a flatness to the figures, and prevents their
relieving the back-ground with any striking effect : and this fault
is evident even in his engravings from the pictures of Vandyck.
His best portraits, however, though not perfect are by no means
devoid of merit, or undeservedly noticed by the collectors in gene
ral. The multitude of book plates, which he executed for the folio
edition of Ogilby s Virgil, Homer, and other poets, with frontis
pieces of all kinds, are too numerous to insert, but the following are
reckoned the best of his works.
The Last Supper; a large upright plate from Nicholas Poussin.
The Angel appearing to Joseph ; a middling-sized upright plate,
after Ph. Champagne.
A Crucifixion ; the same, from the same.
Charles the First of England on horseback ; a large half-sheet
print; the face of which was afterward taken out, and that of
Oliver Cromwell substituted in its stead.
A set of twelve half-lengths, ten of which are ladies, from Vandyke.
Oliver Cromwell, with his page ; a half-sheet print, after Walker.
Walker the painter ; a small upright-plate, an oval, in 4to.
Sir Samuel Moreland, after Lely ; an oval, in 4to.
Ann Hyde, dutchess of York; an oval, in octavo; after the same.
VOL. v. 2 x
338 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Samuel Malines, a small half-sheet print, in an oval.
Dr. Charlton ; an oval, in octavo ; with many foreign portraits
equally meritorious.
He also engraved from Raphael, Annibale Carraci, Guido, Vig-
non, Le Febure, and other masters ; these prints are dated from
1654, to 1671. He used a mark occasionally, composed of a P.
and an L; joined together;
A. HERTOCKS ; from a drawing in the posses
sion of Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. W. Oldys.
R. Grave, jun. sc. Svo.
Hertocks was an industrious engraver, by whose labours many
of the publications of the seventeenth century were adorned with
sculptures. The partiality of parents to their children cannot per
haps be better proved, than in instances relative to the arts. If a
boy be discovered tracing out uncouth forms upon a wall, the father,
proud of the display of genius, which he conceives to be evident in
the performance of his son, resolves to make an artist of him. The
youth is persuaded, and a master is accordingly procured without
further consultation. By this hasty determination much useful
time is often lost, and a bad artist left to struggle with poverty,
who in any other more eligible pursuit, might have procured a com
fortable subsistence for himself and benefitted the rest of mankind.
But even supposing such a lad to be fond of the pursuit himself,
if he mistakes that partiality for a natural genius, all his produc
tions will manifest the laboured formality and stiffness of practice
and study, unassisted by taste. To one of these causes it was pro
bably owing, that we meet with the name of Hertocks in the list of
artists. He worked with the graver only, in a neat, stiff style. His
portraits are the best part of his works ; for where he attempted
the naked figure, as in some of his frontispieces, his drawing is
below criticism : his best heads are those of
Sir Francis Wortley, knight, prisoner in the Tower of London,
in armour, dated 1652 ; a small half-sheet plate.
Gideon Harvey ; a small upright oval print.
A, Brome, dated 1661 ; a small upright print in an oval frame.
Sir Edward Nicholas, secretary of state; an oval print, on a small
half-sheet.
OF ENGLAND, 339
JOSEPH ROTIER, cydevant graveur de la mo-
noye de Charles II. d Angleterre.
This print was done when he was in the service of Lewis XIV.
There were three brothers of the name of Rotier ; John, Joseph,
and Philip, who were employed as engravers of coins and medals
to Charles II. The celebrated Simon, who had served the republic
and Cromwell in the same capacity, was displaced, and the two
first of these brothers were, upon his removal, taken into the king s
service ; and soon after, their youngest brother. Upon this Simon
engraved the famous crown piece, which recovered his salary,*
Joseph afterward entered into the service of the French king.
MUSICIANS.
JOHN WILSON, doctor of music; oval-, 4to. mezz.
I do not remember to have seen this print any where,
but in the Pepysian Library, at Magdalen College, in
Cambridge. The name is in manuscript. There is a
portrait of him in the Music School, at Oxford.
JOHN WILSON, Mus. D. copied from the above.
E. Harding sc. 4to.
JOHN WILSON ; a circle. J. Caldwall; in Hawkins s
" History."
Dr. John Wilson, who, as Mr. Wood informs us, was an admi
rable lutanist, and the most noted musician in England, in the reign
of Charles I. was gentleman of the chapel, and musician in ordi
nary to that prince. In 1656 he was constituted music professor
in the university of Oxford. Upon the return of Charles II. he
was restored to his former places, and also appointed one of the
choir in Westminster Abbey. He turned a considerable part of
* Round the edge of this beautiful piece is engraved the following petition:
" Thomas Simon most humbly prays your majesty to compare this his tryal piece
with the Dutch; and if more truly drawn and embossed, more gracefully ordered,
and more accurately engraven, to relieve him."
340 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the " Eikon Basilike" into verse, and set it to music : he also set
and published a great variety of songs and ballads, divine services,
and anthems, of which the Oxford antiquary has given us an ac
count. In the archives of that university, is preserved a manu
script by him, which contains musical compositions adapted to
several odes of Horace, and other pieces of the Roman poets. He
was a man of a mercurial temper, and had a strong propensity to
buffoonery. Ob. 22 Feb. 1673, m, 78. See the reign of
CHARLES I. Class X, article GOUTER.
HENRICUS PURCELL, M. 24 ; long wig, point-
lace neckcloth ; h. sh.
HENRY PURCELL, JEt. 57 ,1695; h, sh. J. Closter-
man; R. White.
PURCELL; a head. Sir G. Kneller ; Holloway.
HENRY PURCELL; in Hawkins s "Hist. ofGrigmon.
n
Henry Purcell, the celebrated author of the " Orpheus Britan-
nicus," began early to distinguish himself in music. As his genius
was original, it wanted but little forming ; and he rose to the height
of his profession, with more ease than others pass through their
rudiments. He was made organist to Westminster Abbey, in the
latter end of this reign. In that of William, he set several songs
for Dryden s " Amphitryon/ and his " King Arthur, or the British
Worthy ;" which were received with just applause. That great
poet, who thought the defects of his own compositions abundantly
supplied by those of Purcell, has pronounced him equal to the best
masters of music abroad.* His notes, in his operas, were admi
rably adapted to his words, and so echoed to the sense, that the
* See the dedications to the " Amphitryon," and " King Arthur."
Other poets, besides Dry den, have been greatly indebted to this celebrated com
poser, as appears from the following lines :
To Mr. Henry Purcell.
" To you a tribute from each muse is due ;
The whole poetic tribe s obliged to you :
For surelv none but you, with equal ease,
S >
Could add to David and make D Urfeij pleai-e."
OF ENGLAND. 341
sounds alone seemed capable of exciting those passions which
they never failed to do in conjunction. His music was very diffe
rent from the Italian : it was entirely English ; it was masculine.
He died the 21st of Nov. 1695, in the thirty- seventh year of his
age, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. " He is gone, says
the author of his epitaph, " to that blessed place where only his
harmony can be exceeded. * Daniel Purcell, some time organist
at Magdalen College, in Oxford, and afterward of St. Andrew s,
Holborn, was his brother. He was notorious for his puns.J
There is a portrait of Henry Purcell which belongs to the reign of
WILLIAM III.
CHRISTOPHORUS SIMPSON. Before his Com
pendium of practical Music" 1666; Svo. I am in
formed that there is a whole length of him-, playing on
the viola da gamba, h. sh.
See an account of the author, and this book, in the INTER
REGNUM.
JOHN PLAYFORD, M. 38. Gaywoodf. 12mo.
JOHANNES PLAYFORD. Loggan sc. Svo.
JOHN PLAYFORD, JEt. 40, 1663 ; I2mo.
JOHANNES PLAYFORD, JEt. 57. Van Hove sc. Svo.
The two last are before different editions of his -" Introduction
to the Skill of Music." The date of his age on the last print seems
to have been altered, as it is 47 in Mr. Ames s Catalogue.
O
John Playford, who kept a music shop near the Temple-gate in
London, was author of " An Introduction to the Skill of Music,"
published in 1655, and often reprinted. Mr. Wood informs us,
that he was assisted in this work by Charles Pidgeon, of Gray s
Inn, and that he was indebted for a considerable part of it to
* I must acknowledge myself indebted for several anecdotes concerning musi
cians, and some insight into their characters, to Dr. Hayes, the ingenious professor
of music at Oxford.
t Sec the Jest Books, passim.
342 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Thomas Morley s " Introduction to Music," printed in folio, 1597.*
The latter editions of it have the manner and order of performing
divine service in cathedral and collegiate churches, subjoined to
them. He was editor of " The Book of Psalms and Hymns in
Metre, with all their usual and proper tunes," &c. This was cor
rected by Henry Purcell, and was sometimes bound with the
" Book of Common Prayer." He also published " Airs and Songs
for the Theorbo Lute, or Bass Viol."
THOMAS MACE, Trin. Coll. Cantabr. clericus;
JEt. 63. Hen. Coke p. W. Faithorne sc. Before his
book ; foL 1676.
Thomas Mace was author of a book entitled, " Musick s
Monument, or a Remembrancer of the best practical Musick,
both divine and civil, that has ever been known to have been
in the world : divided into three Parts." The first part shews
a necessity of singing psalms well in parochial churches, or not
to sing at all ; directing how they might be well sung, &c. The
second part treats of the lute; the third of the viol. Psal
mody has been much improved both as to music and method
since Mace s time. The finest psalm tunes ever composed are
those of Marcello, which the Rev. Mr. Mason, well known by his
poetical works, has caused to be sung in his parish church. f There
is an excellent method, or course of singing in churches, in Bishop
Gibson s " Appendix to his Directions to the Clergy of the Diocese
of London."
MR. JENKINS, an eminent master of music, flourished in this
reign, but I believe no portrait of him has been engraved.
FRANCESCO CORBETTA, famosissimo Mastro
di Chittarra, qual Orfeo, nel Suonar ogn un il narra.
H. Gascar p. h. sh. mezz.
* " Fasti Oxon," i. col. 134.
t " Marcello, a noble Venetian, set the first fifty psalms to music. In this he
has united the simplicity and pathos of the ancient music with the grace and variety
of the modern," Dr. Gregory s " Comparative View," &c. p. 153, edit. 4,
OF ENGLAND. 343
FRANCESCO CORBETTA. V. Berghe; 4/0.
A guitar in the hand of Corbetta, who was justly admired by the
king, seemed to be an instrument of much greater compass and
force. Mr. Pope, in the following lines, hints at the vogue of this
instrument in the reign of Charles.
" No wonder then, when all was love and sport,
The willing muses were debauched at court :
OH each enervate string they taught the note
To pant, or tremble through an eunuch s throat."*
Imit. of the 1st Epist. of the 2d Book of Horace.
CHRISTOPHER GIBBONS. /. Caldwall sc. a
circle. In Hawkins s " History of Music"
Christopher Gibbons, son of the celebrated Orlando Gibbons,
after receiving a musical education from his uncle, Mr. Ellis Gib
bons, organist of Bristol, became a chorister in the chapel of King
Charles the First; and, at the restoration, was appointed principal
organist of the chapel of King Charles the Second, organist in
private to his majesty, and organist of Westminster Abbey. The
king had so great a partiality for him, that he was induced to give
a personal recommendation to the university of Oxford, requesting
that he might be admitted to the degree of doctor in music. This
he was honoured with, July 1664. He died in the parish of St.
Margaret, Westminster, 1676, being more celebrated for his skill
in playing the organ, than for his compositions.
MATTHEW LOCK. J. Caldwall sc. In Hawkins s
" History of Music.
55
* Dr. Browne, in his " Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times, "f
thus censures the guitar : " The harpsichord, an instrument of power and compass,
is now going out of use. The guitar, a trifling instrument in itself, and generally
now taught in tlie most ignorant and trifling manner, is adopted in its place ; while
the theorbo and lute, the noblest, because the most expressive and pathetic of all
accompaniments, are altogether laid aside. What is the reason of this? Because
the guitar is a plaything for a child ; the harpsichord and lute require application."
t Vol. ii, p. 77, 78, edit. 1758.
344 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Matthew Lock was pupil to Edward Gibbons, and one of the
choristers in the cathedral church of Exeter, and very early at
tained a considerable degree of eminence in his profession. He
composed the music for the public entry of King Charles the
Second, and was appointed composer in ordinary to that monarch.
He is said to have first published rules for thorough bass : and was
the composer of the music to Shakspeare s Macbeth and the Tem
pest, as altered by Sir William Davenant. He appears to have
been of an unpleasant and quarrelsome disposition. Towards the
latter part of his life, Lock became a Roman Catholic, and was
appointed organist to Catherine of Portugal, the consort of King
Charles the Second. 06.1677. See " Musical Biography," 1814.
* EDWARD LOW ; in the title to his " Directions for
Performance of the Cathedral Service" 1664 ; Svo.
Edward Low, originally a chorister in Salisbury cathedral, suc
ceeded William Stonard as organist of Christ Church about 1630,
and was afterward public professor of the musical praxis in the
university of Oxford, and author of a " Short Direction for the per
formance of the Cathedral Service;" printed at Oxon, 1661. A
second edition, with additions, relating to the Common Prayer, &c.
was published 1664, with his portrait in the title. Wood says he
was judicious in his profession, but not graduated therein. He
died 1682, and was buried in the divinity chapel adjoining to
Christ Church, near the body of Alice, his wife, daughter of Sir
Robert Peyton, the younger, of Dodington, in the Isle of Ely,
knight.
WRITING MASTERS, &c.
EDWARD COCKER. Gaywood f. four English
verses.
EDWARD COCKER; oval ; flourished ornaments, viz.
Mars, Minerva., 8$c. oblong ; folio.
EDWARD COCKER. Van Hove sc. Before his " Eng
lish Dictionary " in small Svo. See the INTERREGNUM.
OF ENGLAND. 345
;. THOMAS WESTON. R. White sc. 1682; h. sh.
prefixed to his " Ancilla Caligraphice"
Thomas Weston was author of a book of writing and drawing-, and ,
I think, of a treatise of arithmetic : quaere. He has been confounded
with James Weston, a much later author, who published " A new
Method of Short-Hand ;" which has been several times printed.
At the conclusion of his advertisement to the second edition are
these words : " N. B. If his book does not teach any purchaser
perfectly, he hereby obliges himself to teach him gratis."
MASON, teacher of short-hand.* Under the head
are these lines :
" Let Shelton, Rich, and all the rest go down ;
Bring here your golden pen, and laurel crown :
Great Mason s nimbler quill outstrips the wind,
And leaves the voice, almost the thoughts, behind.
In vain may Momus snarl ; he soars on high,
Praise he commands, and envy does defy."
S. W.
r
Svo. Before his " Arts Advancement."
This author endeavoured to improve upon Jeremiah Rich s
scheme, in his " Pen plucked from an Eagle s Wing." But he was
more successful in his " Art s Advancement, or an exact Method
of Short-Hand ;" founded on a plan of his own. His last treatise,
entitled, " La Plume volante," is his masterpiece. He was by many
supposed toh&ve carried this art to a higher degree of perfection than
any of his predecessors. His " Short-Hand improved" has been
lately reprinted. He was famous for writing much in a little com
pass ; for which Biddlecomb, who belonged to the choir of Salis
bury, and several others, have been noted.
SAMUELIS BOTLEY, 1674, Mt. 33; sLv English
verses; Svo.
* His portrait may be placed in either of the two following reigns.
VOL. V. 2 Y
346 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SAMUEL BOTLEY. W. Dolle sc. Svo. Afterward
reduced and prefixed to a school-book.
Samuel Botley was author of " Maximum in Minimo, or Mr.
Jeremiah Rich s Pens Dexterity completed," 1674. This book is
entirely engraved.
WILLIAM HOPKINS. Drapentier sc. I2mo.
William Hopkins, teacher of the art of short-hand, was author
of abook, entitled " The Flying Penman," 1674, 12mo.
There is a print of ZEBELINA, a teacher of short
hand, by Faithorne; and another of LE BELOMAN,
or BELONIAN, who was of the same profession, and
very probably by the same engraver.
I know nothing of these persons.
TRADESMEN, MECHANICS,
JACOB TONSON, a bookseller of prime note, printed several
of the works of Mr. Dryden, and other eminent authors in the reign
of Charles II. The first edition of the " Spanish Friar" was printed
for Richard and Jacob Tonson, at Gray s-Inn-gate, in Gray s-Inn-
lane, and at the Judge s Head, in Chancery-lane, 1681." His por
trait belongs to the reign of Anne.
The most flourishing bookseller at this period was George Saw-
bridge, who left each of his four daughters 10,000/. He was suc
ceeded in trade by Awnsham Churchill, his apprentice. In the
reign of Charles I. and the former part of this reign, there were
but two or three eminent booksellers in the kingdom, who em
ployed persons to collect for them at home and abroad, and sold
their refuse to inferior tradesmen.
EDWARDUS COWPER. /. Vander Vaart p. Pel-
ham f. 1724;
OF ENGLAND. 347
Edward Cooper was a very considerable printseller in the latter
mid of this reign, and was a thriving man in trade for a long course
of years. His name is affixed to a great number of mezzotintos.
RICHARD THOMPSON.* G. Soust (or Zoust)p.
F. Place/, h. sh. mezz.
This is esteemed the best of Place s portraits,
Richard Tompson was certainly a printseller ; but I am in some
doubt whether he was an engraver. I have seen the words Tompson
excudit to mezzotintos of the Dutchess of Portsmouth, the Countess
of Exeter, the Countess o Stamford, the Lord John and Lord Ber
nard Stuart, Mrs. Davis, and several others, but never Tompson
fecit. It would perhaps be needless to inform the reader, that the
word excudit is generally used by those that take off prints at the
jolling-press, and fecit by those that engrave them.
It has been already observed, that Tompson, who employed Van
Somer to engrave for him, has been confounded with that artist.
JOHANNES BULFINCH. Loggan sc. \2rno.
I have been informed that Bulfinch., who was a printseller in the
Jatter end of the reign of Charles II. was living, and in the same
profession, in the reign of Anne ; but know not when he died. He
was a great lover, and also a collector of .pictures. It is observable
tfeat all persons, whose occupations have any sort of connexion
with design, are apt to grow enamoured of the works of eminent
masters, from the history-painter down to the pattern-drawer and
printseller.
I have seen some authentic drawings of portraits, which certainly
belonged to Bulfinch, and which are said to have been taken, by
his own hand, from original paintings.
RICHARDUS COLLINS, natus Oxonise, Maij 19,
1642. J. Browne del. et sc. 1676, in Tedbury ; Svo.
This man was supervisor of the excise in the city of Bristol,
1677. The portrait is prefixed to his " Ganger s Vade Mecura
1677; Svo.
* lie spelt liis name T
348 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ROSE, gardener to the Dutchess of Cleve
land, presenting the first pine-apple cultivated in Eng
land to Charles II. at Dawney Court, in Buckingham
shire. R. Grave sc. h. sh.
The restoration of Charles the Second, introduced into England
a taste for cultivating gardens and pleasure-grounds unknown to
this country before. Le Notre, a celebrated French gardener, was
employed by the king, to improve St. James s Park, and the trees
that at present ornament the Mall, and Birdcage-walk, were planted
by him. About this period, Mr. Evelyn produced his well-known
essay on gardening, in which he notices this ROSE, and mentions
the picture of him presenting the pine-apple to the king, in the
collection at Kensington Palace. He was in the service of Barbara
Viliiers, dutchess of Cleveland, and availed himself of one of the
royal visits, to her grace s seat at Dawney Court, to introduce the
fruit of his cultivation to the hands of the king.
ACTORS. .-^TXTY 7 - >*
^ MICHAEL MOHUN ; from an original picture in
the collection of his Grace the Duke of Dorset. E.
Harding, jun. sc. 4to.
Michael Mohun was bred to the profession of an actor ; having
(as we learn from Wright, in his Historia Histrionica), when a boy,
been apprentice to Christopher Beeston (a contemporary with
Shakspeare), at the Cock-pit, in Drury-lane ; where, as was then
the custom for boys and young men, he played female characters.
In 1640, he performed Bellamonte, in Shirley s Love s Cruelty,
which part he resumed after the restoration.
On the breaking out of the civil war between Charles I. and his
parliament, with the consequent shutting up of the theatres, and
dispersion of the players, Mohun, with most of the English actors
then existing, became a volunteer in defence of his sovereign ; and
at the battle of Edge-hill, 1642, in which the king was victorious,
the major under whom he served, and by whose side he bravely
fought, being shot, our young cavalier immediately and essentially
supplied his place ; for which he was afterward rewarded with the
permanent rank he had, pro temporc, so gallantly sustained <
OF ENGLAND. 349
During the Protectorate, Wright, says Mohun, served in Flanders,
where he received pay as a major; but according to that stage-
historian, he was only a captain in the royal army. Gibber, in his
apology, says, that Mohun and Hart had severally borne the king s
commission of major and captain in the civil wars.
After the restoration of Charles II. he became one of a new-
formed company, composed of the collected relics of all the old
ones ; and acted at the Bull, in St. John s-street ; then at a new
house, as Downes terms it, in Gibbon s Tennis-court, in Vere-
street, Clare-market; and, in 1663, at the new theatre in Drury-
lane; where Mohun and his associates were first honoured with the
title of his majesty s company of comedians : the principal shavers
in which company, Mohun, Hart, &c. (as it is recorded by Wright),
gained 1000/. per annum each, on a division of the profits.
Hart and Mohun were the two great luminaries of the theatrical
hemisphere ; but the latter seems to have been preferred, at least
on one occasion by Charles II. who, seeing them both perform in a
new play, said that Mohun, or Moon, as his name was usually
pronounced, shone like the sun, and Hart like the moon.
When Major Mohun was born, and when he died, are circum
stances unknown; of his parentage we are also uninformed.
WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT ;//wwa original pic
ture in Dulwicli College. Clamp sc. 4to. In Waldrons
Sh ak spear tan Miscellany .
William Cartwright was one of Killegrew s company at the ori
ginal establishment of Drury-lane, where he played Falstaff. This
performer, by his will dated September, 1686, left his books and
pictures, several articles of furniture, and 390 pieces of gold, to
Dulwich College ; but his servants defrauded the college of the
greater part both of the furniture and money, of which they re
ceived only 651.
Adjoining the audit-room of the college is a small library, in
which are the books bequeathed to the college by Mr. Cartwright.
This library formerly contained a very valuable collection of old
plays, which were given by the college to Mr. Garrick, when he
was making his theatrical collection, in exchange for some more
modern publications. There still remain some scarce editions of
books in various departments of literature, as it may be imagined
350 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
would be found amongst the stock in trade of a bookseller who
lived in the middle of the 17th century.
From Cartwright s having been a bookseller, as well as an actor,
we may infer that he was industrious ; from his dying possessed of
so much property, that he was prudent; and, from his liberal be
quest to Dulwich College, th.it he was charitable.
The portrait of Cartwright, which was painted by Greenhill in
his best manner, represents him in a black robe and flowing peruke,
with his hand on a dog s head.
JOSEPH HARRIS, in the character of Cardinal
Wolsey ; h. sh. mezz. in the Pepysian Library, Cam
bridge; rare.
JOSEPH HARRIS, comedian ; from an original pic
ture in the collection of the Earl of Orford, at Straw
berry-hill. E. Harding sc. 4to.
In the year 1659, General Monk, then marching his army out of
Scotland to London, Mr. Rhodes, a bookseller, formerly ward
robe-keeper to King Charles the First s company of comedians in
Blackfriars, getting a licence from the then governing state,
fitted up a house for acting called the Cock-pit, in Drury-lane, and
in a short time completed his company, among whom \vas the cele
brated Betterton. After this company had performed there some
time, Sir William Davenant gained a patent from the king, and
created Mr. Betterton, and all the rest of Rhodes* s company, the
king s servants ; who were sworn by my Lord Manchester, then
lord-chamberlain, to serve his royal highness the Duke of York, at
the theatre in Lincoln s-Inn-fields, when the following four new
actors were engaged by Sir William, to complete the company he
had from Mr. Rhodes: Mr. Harris, Mr. Price, Mr. Richards,
and Mr. Blagden.
The new theatre in Lincoln s-Inn-fields opened in the spring,
1662, with the first and second part of the Siege of Rhodes, having
new scenes and decorations, being the first that were introduced in
England. Mr. Betterton acted Solyman the Magnificent, and Mr.
Harris Alphonso. This play was followed by the tragedy of Jlamlet,
in which Harris played Horatio. Soon after came out Loi c and
Honour t wrote by Sir William Duvenant: this play was richly clothed;
OF ENGLAND. 351
the king giving Mr. Betterton his coronation suit, in which he acted
the part of Prince Alvaro. The Duke of York giving Mr. Harris
his, who did Prince Prospero ; and my Lord of Oxford gave Mr.
Joseph Price his, who did Lionel, the Duke of Parma s son.
By the variety of parts Harris sustained, we may fairly conjec
ture that he was a general as well as a favourite actor ; and com
plete master of his profession. His principal parts were Romeo,
Sir Andrew Ague-cheek, Harry the Fifth, Cardinal Wolsey, Med
ley in the Man of Mode, or the Fop s Fortune, and Sir Joslin Jolly
in She Wou d if She Cou d. He either died, or left the stage, some
years before the union of the king s and Duke of York s company,
for no mention of his name appears in any dramatist personse of a
new play after the year 1676.
CLASS XL
LADIES, &c.
DUTCHESSES.
JANE, dutchess of Norfolk, wife to Henry, duke of
Norfolk, earl -marshal of England. Lelyp. 1677; Rich.
Collin, chalcogr. regis, sc. 1681 ; sh.
This lady, who was a great beauty, was daughter of Robert
Bickerton,* gentleman of the wine-cellar to Charles II. and second
wife to Henry, duke of Norfolk. She married to her second hus
band Colonel Thomas Maxwell, of an ancient family in Scotland, f
\vho became afterward major-general of the army, and commander
of the dragoons in Ireland.
* James Bickerton, his father, was lord of Cash, in Scotland,
t Wood s " Fasti," ii. col. 172.
352 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" SARA, illustrissima ducissa Somersetensis, ex
gente Alstoniana, in agro Bedfordiensi : T. M. Q. F.
M. S. P.
Sarse, illustrissimse nuper Ducissse Somersetensis,
Sempiterna in Pauperes Benignitate celeberrimae.
Quse
Puerorum Ergo,
Scholam Grammatices apud Tottenham, in Com. Mid. instituit.
Proventum Veridi-togatorum Westm. longe adauxit.
Ad Juvenes Spei optimae in Pietate et Literis promovendos >
Collegia
^Enei Nasi Oxon.
Et D. Johan. Cantab,
in perpetuum ditavit.
Nee non alios Mechanicis Artibus aptandos curavit.
Senectutis studiosa,
Hospitium extrui et dotari fecit,
in Subsidium triginta Viduarum,
apud Froxfield, in Comit. Wilton.
Egenis de Paroch. D. Marg. Westm.
unde melius alerentur,
Vectigal perenne constituit.
Nonnullas insuper Ecclesias
Ornamentis permagnificis
splendide decoravit.
Obiit VIII. Kal. Nov.
1692."
G. Vertue sc. 1736 ; large h. sh.
The plate whence this print was taken is in the custody
of the master of St. Johns College, in Cambridge.
There is a portrait of this dutchess of Somerset, by Sir Peter Lely,
in the library of the same college.
OF ENGLAND. 353
The Dutchess of SOMERSET. Lelyp. Vandervaart f.
h. sh. mezz.
There is a mezzotinto print of a young lady of about seven years
of age, inscribed " The Dutchess of Somerset." It is done after a
painting of Sir Peter Lely, and was sold by Alexander Browne.
Qu. if the above lady, when a child, or the Lady Elizabeth Percy,
who was first married to Henry Cavendish, earl of Ogle, next was
claimed in marriage by Thomas Thynne, esq. and lastly married to
Charles Seymour, duke of Somerset. It is most probable that it
is the portrait of the latter, as she was certainly married to the
duke in this reign.* But if it represents either of these ladies, the
inscription is equally improper.
FRANCES, dutchess of Richmond, &c. R. Robin
son inv 1 . (del.) et f. large h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of RICHMOND, Wissing p. R. Wil
liams f. 4:to. mezz.
FRANCES, dutchess of Richmond. J. V. S. (John
Van Somer) f. Lloyd exc. 4to. mezz.
FRANCES THERESA, dutchess of Richmond. H.
Gascar p. whole length, in the character of Pallas ;
scarce.
FRANCES STUART, dutchess of Richmond ; whole
length; mezz.
FRANCES STUART, dutchess of Richmond. Lely ;
T. Watson ; mezz. from the original in the gallery at
Windsor.
FRANCES STUART, dutchess of Richmond. Charles
Rivers sculp, from the painting at Kensington Palace.
* See the Dedication to Elizabeth, dutchess of Somerset, before Banks s " Vir
tue Betrayed, or Anne Bullen ;" 1682; 4to.
VOL. V. 2 Z
354 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Miss STEWART, dutchess of Richmond. W. N.
Gardiner f. from the original by Sir P. Lely at Hag-
ley Park; in Grammonfs "Memoirs" 1809, Svo.
Her portrait is among the beauties at Windsor, and her effigy in
wax is preserved in Westminster Abbey.
The Dutchess of Richmond, who is better known by the name of
Mrs. Stuart, was a daughter of Captain Walter Stuart, son of Lord
Blantyre, a Scottish nobleman. She was perhaps the finest figure
that ever appeared in the court of Charles II. Such were the at-
tractives of her person, that, even in the presence of Lady Castle-
maine, she drew upon her the eyes of every beholder. It was sup
posed that Charles would have divorced his queen, and raised her
to the throne : certain it is that she made the deepest impression
upon the heart of that monarch ; and his passion for her was daily
increasing when she married the Duke of Richmond. All the rage
of a disappointed lover fell upon the duke, his consort, and the Earl
of Clarendon, who was supposed to be instrumental to the match.
Her wit was so far from being extraordinary, that it stood in need
of all her beauty to recommend it. See more of her in Lord Cla
rendon s " Continuation of the Account of his own Life." There is
a good deal of her secret history in the " Memoires de Grammont,"
written by Count Hamilton.*
* Lee has dedicated his Theodosius" to her, and has complimented her beauty in
much the same strain as he has characterized the courage of Alexander the Great.
" To behold you, says he, is to make prophets quite forget their heaven, and bind
the poets with eternal rapture." Philip Kotier, one of the engravers of medals to
Charles II. is supposed, by Mr. Walpole, to have been the person, " who being in
love with the fair Mrs. Stuart, afterward dutchess of Richmond, represented her
likeness, under the form of a Britannia, on the reverse of a large medal, with the
king s head."t The medal, engraved by Vertue, is in Fenton s edition of Waller s
" Poems." The following epigram upon it was written by that poet : the observa
tions annexed are by the ingenious editor.
Our guard upon the royal side !
On the reverse our beauty s pride !
Here we discern the frown and smile }
The force and glory of our isle.
In the rich medal, both so like
Immortals stand, it seems antique ;
t See " Anec. of Painting ," ii. p. 94. See also Evelvn s " Numismata," p. 27,
28. 131.
OF ENGLAND. 355
MARY, dutchess of Buckingham. S. Cooper p.
Worlidgef. a small oval. From an original picture at
Strawberry-h ill.
MARY, dutchess of Buckingham. Clans sin fecit ; in
Harding s " Grammont ;" 4to. 1793.
Mary, sole daughter and heiress of Thomas, lord Fairfax, and
wife of George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, was a woman of little
or no beauty,* but of great virtue and piety. The duke, who seemed
to be all mankind s epitome, well knew how to assume at least, the
character of an affectionate husband ; and loved her, very probably
in her turn, as she was a complying and contented wife. A man
who could equally adapt himself to the praebyterian Fairfax and
the irreligious Charles, could with great ease, become a civil and
obliging husband to a woman who was never disposed to check the
current of his humour, or correct the eccentricity of his course. She
died in 1705, in the 66th year of her age.
ANNE, dutchess of Albemarle ; sold by R. Gam
mon; h. sh.
Carv d by some master, when the bold
Greeks made their Jove descend in gold ;
And Danae, wond ring at that show r,
Which falling storm d her brazen tow r.
Britannia there, the fort in vain
Had batter d been with golden rain :J-
Thunder itself had fail d to pass ;
Virtue s a stronger guard than brass.
" Roti (Rotier), the celebrated graver to Charles II. was so passionate an admirer
of the beautiful Mrs. Stuart, afterward dutcbess of Richmond, that, on the reverse
of the best of our coin, he delineated the face of Britannia from her picture. And
in some medals, where he had more room to display both his art and affection, the
similitude of feature is said to have been so exact, that every one who knew her grace
could, at the first view, discover who sat for Britannia."
* Her person is said to have been low and fat. See Ives s " Select Papers," p. 40.
t That is, had the lady, who appears in the character of Britannia on the med!,
been in Panne s place, Jove s attempt upon her had been in vain, as was Charles s
cri Mrs. Stuart. See Burnet, i. 251, &c. Clarendon s " Continuation," p. 338.
356 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANNE, dutchess of Albemarle ; standing hand in
hand with the duke ; sold by Stent ; very bad.
ANNE, dutchess of Albemarle ; in an oval ofjoliage.
W. Richardson.
Anne Clarges, dutchess of Albemarle, was the daughter of a
blacksmith,* who gave her an education suitable to the employment
she was bred to, which was that of a milliner. As the manners are
generally formed early in life, she retained something of the smith s
daughter, even at her highest elevation. She was first the mistress,
and afterward the wife, of General Monck ; who had such an opi
nion of her understanding, that he often consulted her in the great
est emergencies. As she was a thorough royalist, it is probable that
she had no inconsiderable share in the restoration. She is sup
posed to have recommended several of the privy-counsellors in the
list which the general presented to the king soon after his landing.
It is more than probable that she carried on a very lucrative trade
in selling of offices, which were generally filled by such as gave her
most money. f She was an implacable enemy to Lord Clarendon ;
and had so great an influence over her husband as to prevail with
him to help ruin that excellent man, though he was one of his best
friends. Indeed the general was afraid to offend her, as she pre
sently took fire ; and her anger knew no bounds. She was a great
mistress of all the low eloquence of abusive rage, and seldom failed
to discharge a volley of curses against such as thoroughly provoked
her.t Nothing is more certain, than that the intrepid commander,
who was never afraid of bullets, was often terrified by the fury of his
wife.
* The following quotation is from a manuscript of Mr. Aubrey, in Ashmole s Mu
seum : " When he (Monk) was prisoner in the Tower, his sempstress, Nan Clarges,
a blacksmith s daughter, was kind to him in a double capacity. It must be remem
bered that he was then in want, and that she assisted him. Here she was got with
child. She was not at all handsome, nor cleanly : her mother was one of the five
women barbers, and a woman of ill fame. A ballad was made on her and the other
four : the burden of it was,
" Pid you ever hear the like,
Or ever hear the fame,
Of five women barbers,
That lived in Drury-lane."
t See the " Continuation of Lord Clarendon s Life," p. 46.
J Vide the " Contin. of Lord Clarendon s Life," p. 621.
OF ENGLAND. 357
ELIZABETH, dutchess of Albemarle. Sherwin f.
h. sh. mezz. Extremely scarce.
Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Ogle, was married to Christopher,
son and heir to George, duke of Albemarle, when he was only
sixteen years of age. Christopher, in the year 1670, succeeded
his father in title and estate. The wayward and peevish temper of
his dutchess made him frequently think a bottle a much more
desirable companion. She espoused to her second husband, Ralph,
lord Montagu,* who, in 1705, was created lord Monthermer and
duke of Montagu. f She survived him many years, and died of
mere old age, the 28th of August, 1738, leaving no issue by either
of her husbands.
ANNE, dutchess of Monmoutli ; inscribed " Ca-
tharina Demodema," 8$c. Lely p. Shenckf. h. sh. mezz.
* As this great lady had an immense estate from her noble ancestors, she was
determined, after the Duke of Albemarle s death, to give her hand to nobody but
a sovereign prince. Lord Montagu therefore courted, and married her, as emperor
of China. This story was brought on the stage iu the comedy of the " Double
Gallant, or sick Lady s Cure;" written by Colley Gibber. Her grace, who lived
for some time at Montagu-house, and died in Clerkenwell, was, as may well be
supposed, disordered in her head, and saw no company; but, to her death, was
constantly served on the knee as a sovereign. As the duke,% her second husband,
confined her, he was obliged by her relations to produce her in open court, to as
certain that she was alive. Soon after her death, which was in a very advanced
age, the savings of her estate, after an allowance of 3,000/. a year for the main
tenance of her rank, were divided among her own relations. 1 shall add to this
note, which I owe to Mr. Horace Walpole, that Richard, lord Ross, a man of wit,
humour, and frolic, who affected to imitate the Earl of Rochester, was rival to Lord
Montagu, He is said to have written the following verses upon his marriage with
ihe Dutchess of Albemarle.
Insulting rival, never boast
Thy conquest lately won ;
No wonder if her heart was lost:
Her senses first were gone.
From one that s under bedlam s laws
What glory can be had?
For love of thee was not the cause ;
It proves that she was mad.
t It was this duke, who, when the Duke of Mar] borough, in high terms, com
mended the excellency of his water-works at Boughton, replied with great quickness :
But they are by no means comparable to your grace s Jire-icorks.
t See the sequel of the above article.
358 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Dutchess of MONMOUTH. Kneller V r . Bane.
folio.
The Dutchess of MONMOUTH. A. Browne exc.
The Dutchess of MONMOUTH. Wissing; R. Wil
liams; 4to. mezz.
The Dutchess of MONMOUTH. Kneller p. J. Van-
dervaart f. h. sh.
The Dutchess of MONMOUTH. E. Cooper exc. 4to.
mezz.
The Dutchess of MONMOUTH. /. Smith f. 4fo.
mezz.
ANNA, ducissa de Monmouth. Van Hove sc.
ANNE, dutchess of Monmouth ; a small head.
D. L. (David Loggan.).
At Dalkeith -bouse, the seat of the Duke of Buccleugh, in Scot
land, are portraits of the Dutchess of Monmouth and her two sons.
The Dutchess of Monmouth, who was allied to all the prime
nobility of Scotland, was, for her agreeable person and behaviour,
good sense, and irreproachable character, one of the most amiable
and valuable ladies about the court. During the first years of her
marriage, she seems to have been as happy and as much envied as
any woman in the kingdom. But this happiness was of short du
ration. She was unfortunately supplanted in the duke s affection
by the Lady Harriot Wentworth,* whose personal charms were
superior to her own. His attachment to this lady was uninter
rupted ; it continued even to the block. f The dutchess did not
* Only daughter and heiress of the Earl of Cleveland.
t See Echard s " History of England ;" or see rather, " A Letter from Dr.
William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph, to Bishop Fell; concerning the execution,
and last behaviour of the Duke of Monmouth, in tl;e Appendix to the Preface to
" Walter Hemmingford," published by Hearne, Num. XIII. which letter was the
very MS. made use of by Echard.
OF ENGLAND. 359
long continue a dowager: in 1688 she espoused Charles, lord
Cornwallis. She had issue by both her marriages. Mr. Gay, the
poet, was some time secretary, or domestic steward, to her grace.
Ob. 1732.
BARBARA, countess of Castlemaine (afterward
dutchess of Cleveland). Fait home f. large h. sh.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND, (or CLEVELAND;)
Lety p. Brown whole length; mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Lety p. Pearls in
her hair.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Lety p. R. Tomp-
son exc. h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Lety p. Becket
exc. h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Lety p. Becket f.
4to. mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Lety p. Becket f.
8vo. mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Lety p. Smith exc.
whole length^ sitting ; large h. sh.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Lety p. E. Lut-
terelf. h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Wissing p. R.
Williams f. 4to. mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Knellerp. Becket f.
4/0. mezz.
> The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Knellerp. Smith f.
4 to. mezz.
360 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
BARBARA, dutchess of Cleaveland. Overtoil (ven-
dldit) 4fo.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND. Schenck f. 4to.
mezz. playing on the violoncello.
The Dutchess of CLEAVELAND ; represented as a
shepherdess. Sherwin sc. large h. sh.
- Varium et mutabile semper
Fsemina VIRG.
Here in ermin d pride,
And there Pastora by a fountain side. POPE.
The Dutchess of CLEVELAND; mezz. P. Lely;
A I lard.
The Dutchess of CLEVELAND, when Countess of
Castlemaine ; whole length, sitting. Lely, 1667. W.
Faithorne, mezz.
The Dutchess of CLEVELAND, mezz. P. Lely; T.
Watson.
The Dutchess of CLEVELAND. Lely ; VanBerghe;
in Hardin s " Grammont ;" 4fo. 1793.
The Dutchess of CLEVELAND. E. Bocquet sc. In
" Grammont ;" Svo. 1809.
Her portrait, in the character of Pallas, is in the Gallery of
Beauties at Windsor.
At Dalkeith-house, she is represented as a Madonna with her
infant son. It is said that her grace sent such a picture to a
female convent in France, as an altar-piece ; but that the nuns,
discovering whose portrait it was, sent it back with indignation.
The Dutchess of CLEVELAND, and my Lady
BARBARA* her daughter. H. Gaspar p. rare.
* Barbara, who was the youngest daughter of the Dutchess of Cleveland, >vas
born July 16, 1672. She became a nun, at Pontoise, in France.
OF ENGLAND. 3G1
The original picture was in the possession of Lord Dacrc : it be
longed to his grandmother, Anne, countess of Sussex, who was
her daughter.
Barbara Villiers, clutchess of Cleveland, was sole daughter and Created
heir of William, viscount Grandison, and wife to Roger Palmer,
esq. afterward created earl of Castlemaine. Her person was to
the last degree beautiful; but she was, in the same degree, rapa
cious, prodigal, and revengeful. She had, for a considerable time,
a great, and no less dangerous influence over the king; as no
woman of her age was more likely to beggar, or embroil a kingdom.
She was the most inveterate enemy of the Earl of Clarendon, who
thought it an indignity to his character to shew common civilities,
much more to pay his court, to the mistress of the greatest mo
narch upon earth.* It was impossible that the king could be an
absolute stranger to her intrigues : but he seems to have had as
little delicacy with regard to the virtue of his mistresses, as his
brother was observed to have in point of beauty. Though her
pride was great, she is said to have been sometimes humble in her
amours; and, if we may believe the scandalous chronicles of this
reign, she could descend to play-wrights, players, and rope-
dancers. When the King s affections were alienated from her, he,
to pacify her, created her dutchess of Cleveland. Ob. 1709.f See
ROBERT FIELDING, esq. Class VIII.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth. Ldy p. Eloote-
lingf. 1677 ; 4to. mezz.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth. Ldy p. G. Valck
f. 1678; h. sh. mezz.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth. Ldy p. E. Le
Davis sc. h. sh.
* When the Earl of Clarendon was going from court, upon his resignation of the
great seal, the Dutchess of Cleveland, who well knew him to be her enemy, in
sulted him from a window of the palace. He turned to her, and said, with a cal.u
but spirited dignity, Madam, if you live, you will grow old.
t Christian Gryphius s book, " De Scriptoribus Historian! Seculi XVII. illus-
trantibus," Lips. 1710, 8vo. 361, the following piece is mentioned : " Hattig6, ou
la belle Turque, qui contient ses Amours avec le Roi de Tamarau;" Cologne, 1676,
12mo. This, if the author may be credited, is the secret history of the amours of
Charles II. with the Dutchess of Cleveland.
VOL. V. 3 A
362 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth. Lely p. Tompson
exc. h. sh.
LOUISE, dutcliess of Portsmouth. Kneller p. Becketf.
whole length ; large h. sh.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth, &c. Kmller p.
Smith exc. whole length ; large h. sh. mezz.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth. Kneller p. Smith f.
mezz. h. sh.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth. H. Gascar p.
A. Baudet sc. She is holding a dove ; a Cupid is at her
right hand : probably her son, the Duke of Richmond,
in that character*
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth; mezz. P. Lely ;
Allard.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth ; whole length. N.
Bonnart.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth; mezz. P. Lely;
V. Somer.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth; whole length.
Trouvain; folio.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth ; leaning on a couch
with a dog; mezz. Gascar; scarce.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth; in an oval; neck
lace, pearls at her bosom, 8$c.
* The portraits of the Dutchess of Portsmouth, and her son, the Duke of Rich
mond, were drawn by Sir Peter Lely, as a Madonna and child, for one of the con
vents in France. See the " jEdes Walpolianae."
OF ENGLAND. 363
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth ; square; stipkd.
S. P. Lely ; T. S. Seed.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth ; mezz. J. Becket ;
small oval.
Her portrait is at Dunham, the seat of the Earl of Stamford.
There is another, the best that I have seen, at Blenheim.
Louise de Querouailie, or Queroville,* dutchess of Portsmouth,
was sent over to England by Lewis XIV. in the train of the 1670.
Dutchess of Orleans, to bind Charles II. to the French interest. Created
This she did effectually; and the business of the English court ~v g * 9>
was constantly carried on with a subserviency to that of France.
She occasionally dissembled love, the vapours, or sickness ; and
rarely ever failed of working the easy monarch to her point. Her
polite manners and agreeable temper riveted the chains which her
personal charms had imposed upon him : she had the first place in
his affections, and he continued to love her to the day of his death.
Her beauty, which was not of the most delicate kind, seemed to be
very little impaired at seventy years of age.f Ob. Nov. 1734,
]Et> 89. She had a sister, who married Philip, earl of Pembroke,
with whom she lived very unhappily. She was afterward married
to the Marquis of Tuoy, and died at Paris in a very advanced age,
1728.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON. Wisslng p. Becketf.
h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON. Wisslng p. Smith f.
h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON. W. Vincent /, 4to.
mezz.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON; 1683. J. Verkolje f.
h. sh. mezz.
* Charles II. in his " Mock Speech," written by Marvel, calls her Cancel), by
which name she popularly went. See Coke s " Detection," &c. ii. p. 171.
t Voltaire, " Siecle de Louis XIV."
364 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Dutchess of GRAFTON; mezz. Kndler; Becket.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON ; mezz. Kndler. Taken
from the original at Hampton- court.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON ; whole length. Kndler;
23. Lens.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON; mezz. Kndler; Smith,
1692.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON; mezz. Kneller; R.
White exc.
Mrs. French, in Swallow-street, has an original painting of her
by Wissing, from which Smith engraved his print. Her portrait,
in the Gallery of Beauties at Hampton-court, is well known.
Isabella, dutchess of Grafton, was sole daughter and heir of
Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. In 1672, she married Henry,
earl of Euston, afterward duke of Grafton, the only son of Charles
II. by Barbara, dutchess of Cleveland. As her father s honours
descended to her, she walked in the coronation procession of
George I. as countess of Arlington in her own right.* She died
the 7th of February, 1722-3.
MARY, dutchess of Beaufort, daughter to Arthur,
lord Capel, murdered by the rebels in 1648. R. Wal
ker p. J. Nutting sc. large h. sh.
f i
This inscription was taken verbatim from Ames s " Catalogue of
English Heads," p. 14. I have seen one or two proofs from the
same plate, in which she is styled " Dutchess-dowagerof Beaufort:"
it is certain that she was not a dowager when her portrait was
painted, as Robert Walker, who drew it, died before the resto
ration, and the duke her husband, did not die till the year 1699.
Mary Capel was wife to Henry Somerset, duke of Beaufort, who
was president of the council, in the principality of Wales, in this,
and the succeeding reign; and a lord of the bed-chamber, and
* "Biog. Britan."ii. p. 712.
OF ENGLAND. 365
one of the privy council to King William. She had two sons and
three daughters by him, of whom there is an account in Collins s
" Peerage."
MARY SACKVILLE, dutchess of Beaufort; with
her brother Lionel, duke of Dorset. Kneller ; Smith,
1695.
Mary Sackville, daughter of Charles, earl of Dorset, by Lady
Mary, daughter of James, earl of Northampton, famed for her
beauty, and admirable endowments, married Henry Somerset,
second duke of Beaufort, in 1702; died in child-bed, 1705.
COUNTESSES.
The Countess of ARUNDEL. Lely p. R. W. (Ro
bert White) f. 4 to. mezz.
This, and the head of Dr. Briggs, are the only mezzotintos done
by Robert White.
ELIZABETH STUART, countess of Arundel;
with Alathea Talbot; 2 ovals ; by Hollar ; scarce.
This lady was the eldest daughter of Esme, duke of Lenox, and
wife of Henry Frederic Howard, earl of Arundel. Thomas, earl of
Arundel, his father, was imprisoned for marrying him to her against
the consent of the king, who had designed her for Lord Lome.*
ELIZABETH, countess of Northumberland. Lely p.
Browne; h. sh. mezz.
ELIZABETH, countess of Northumberland ; with an
orange-tree. Lely p. Browne; h. sh. mezz.
ELIZABETH, countess of Northumberland. Lely p.
Becket f. h. sh. mezz.
* From the information of Mr. WaJpolc.
366 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ELIZABETH, countess of Northumberland; mezz.
8. P. Ldy; T. Watson sc. In the gallery of Windsor.
There was a portrait of her at Bulstrode.
Elizabeth Wriothesley, daughter to Thomas, earl of Southampton,
lord high-treasurer of England, and wife to Josceline Percy, the
last earl of Northumberland of that name. She was mother to
Elizabeth, dutchess of Somerset, already mentioned in this class.
The Countess of EXETER. P. Lely p. R. Tomp-
son cxc. h. sh. mezz.
Frances, daughter to John, earl of Rutland, and wife to the
first earl of Exeter of the name of John. Her son, John, lord
Burghley, who, upon the death of his father, became earl of Ex
eter, married Anne, only daughter of William, the third earl of
Devonshire, and widow of Charles, lord Rich, son of Charles, earl
of Warwick. This lady was remarkable for travelling twice to
Rome, with her husband. Ob. 1660.
\
MARY, countess-dowager of Warwick; jt. 53,
8$c. Svo.
MARY BOYLE, countess of Warwick. Harding.
Mary, countess of Warwick, was the thirteenth of the fifteenth
children that the Great Earl of Cork, founder of the illustrious
house of Boyle, had by his second lady, the daughter of Sir Geof-
fry Fenton. She was married to Charles, earl of Warwick, whom
she survived about five years. She was so eminent for her bounty
to the poor, that the earl, her husband, was said to hare left his
estate to charitable uses. Such was the fame of her charity and
hospitality, that it advanced the rent of the houses in her neigh
bourhood, where she was the common arbitress of controversies,
which she decided with great sagacity and judgment, and prevented
many tedious and expensive law-suits. The earl, her husband,
alluding to her economy, as well as her other excellences, de
clared, that " he had rather have her with five thousand pounds,
than any other woman with twenty thousand." She died the 12th
OF ENGLAND. 367
of April, 1678. See more of her in the following sermon, to which
her portrait is prefixed. ""EYPHKA "ETPHKA, The virtuous
Woman found, her Loss bewailed, and Character exemplified, in
a Sermon preached at Felsted, in Essex, April 30, 1678, at the
Funeral of that most excellent Lady, the Right Honourable, and
eminently religious and charitable, Mary, countess- dowager of
Warwick, the most illustrious Pattern of sincere Piety and solid
Goodness this Age hath produced; with so large Additions as may
be styled the Life of that noble Lady: by A.Walker, D. D. Rector
of Fyfield. To which are annexed some of her Ladyship s pious
and useful Meditations ;" 8vo.
ANNE, countess of Sunderland ; from an original
painting by Sir Peter Lely, in the gallery at Althorp ;
C. Plcart sc. Svo.
Anne, countess of Sunderland, was the second and youngest
daughter of George Digby, earl of Bristol, knight of the Garter, bv
Anne his wife, daughter of Francis Russell, earl of Bedford, sister
and at length heir to John Digby, earl of Bristol, who died in
1698, without issue. She was a lady distinguished for her refined
sense, wit, and every shining quality. Ey Lord Sunderland his
lady had issue three sons, and four daughters.
1. Robert, lord Spencer, born in 1664, who was in August
1687, sent to Italy, envoy extraordinary to his Highness the Duke
of Modena, to make the compliments of condolence in their ma
jesties names, on the death of the Dutchess of Modena, the queen s
mother; and on his return, died at Paris, the 5th September, 1688.
2. Charles, earl of Sunderland; 3. Henry, who died within an
hour after he was baptized.
Lady Anne, eldest daughter, born June 24, 1666, at Chiswick,
who was the first wife of James, earl of Arran, of the kingdom of
Scotland, after duke Hamilton, and duke of Brandon; and died
in 1690.
Lady Elizabeth, married October 30, 1684, toDonagh Maccarty,
earl of Clincarty, of the kingdom of Ireland.
Lady Isabella, who died unmarried in 1684; and Lady Mary,
who died aged five years.
Lady Sunderland survived Lord Sunderland thirteen years, and
died April 16th, 1715, and on the 26th of the same month was
buried by him at Brinton, in Northamptonshire.
368 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Countess of STAMFORD. Ldy p. R.Tomp-
son exc. 4to. mezz.
The Countess of STAMFORD. Wtssingp. Becket f.
h. sh. mezz.
This lady was daughter of Sir Daniel Harvey of Combe, in
Surrey, and first wife of Thomas Grey, the second earl of Stam
ford. As I have but one of these prints before me, I am in some
doubt whether the former does not represent Lady Anne Cecil,*
the first countess of Stamford. I am assured that her portrait by
Lely is at Dunham.
ELIZABETH BUTLER, countess of Chesterfeld.
Lely p. Browne ; h. sh. mezz.
ELIZABETH BUTLER, countess of Chesterfield ;
mezz. Sir P. Lely ; J. Becket.
Her portrait was at the late Sir Andrew Fountaine s, at Narford,
Norfolk.f
Elizabeth Butler was eldest daughter of James, duke of Ormond,
and second wife to Philip Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield. It has
been observed that a man could not turn round without being
struck with beauties in the court of Charles II. The Countess of
Chesterfield was one of the most striking in the circle. Her hus
band did not know what a treasure he had in his possession, and
treated her, at first, with disregard : but when every body else
admired her, he became her admirer too, and was sufficiently
slighted in his turn. He rightly concluded, that when the eyes of
all the world were turned upon her, there were among them the
eyes of some lovers. This naturally excited his jealousy, and he
appears to have felt the most unhappy part of the passion of love
in a more exquisite degree than any other. His suspicion particu
larly fell upon the Duke of York, who, it seems was not insensible
of her charms, and was far from being the most cautious of men
in the conduct of his amours. The name of Lady Ch d often
occurs in the u Memoires de Grammont.
* Daughter and coheir to William, earl of Exeter.
t At the same place is a portrait of Lady Southesk.
OF ENGLAND. 369
The Countess-dowager of ESSEX ; in mourning,
with her son and daughter ; the latter holds a garland
of flowers : without inscription; large h. sh. mezz.
The original picture is at Cashiobury, near Watford.
ELIZABETH, countess of Essex. Hall.
Elizabeth, daughter of Algernon, earl of Northumberland, widow
of Arthur Capel, earl of Essex, who died in the Tower; with her
son, Algernon, earl of Essex; and her daughter, who afterward
married Charles Howard, earl of Carlisle. The Countess of Essex
had another daughter, who, to her inexpressible grief, died in her
childhood. Sir William Temple s letter to her, upon this occasion,
is entitled to the same rank among modern compositions, that the
admired book of " Consolation," which has been attributed to
Cieero, retains among the ancient.*
ANNE (CATHARINE!), countess of Chesterfield.
Vandyck p. 1636. P. Van Gunst sc. large h. sh.
The original, which was in the Wharton collection, is at Hough-
ton.
Catharine, daughter of Thomas, lord Wotton, and widow of
Henry, lord Stanhope, who died before his father, the earl of Ches
terfield. She had been governess to Mary, princess of Orange;
and was, after the restoration, made countess of Chesterfield for Created
life. She married to her second husband John Poliander Kir-
koven, lord of Helmfleet, in Holland.} Ob. 9 April, 1677. Though
Vandyck was in love with this lady, he is said to have been so
ungallant as to dispute with her about the price of the picture from
which the print was engraved.
The LADY ARLINGTON. P. Lely p. h. sh. mezz.
* It is entitled, " Consolatio ; Liber quo seipsum de Fili<c Morte consolatus est."
See it among Lipsius s " Critical Works."
t See " Anecdotes of Painting," ii. p. llvS, notes.
$ Pier third husband was Daniel Oneale, esq. of the bed-chamber to Charles II.
" Anecdotes of Painting," ubi supra.
VOL. V. SB
370 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
This print, with some alterations, has been inscribed
" Catharine Queen Dowager/
Isabella of Nassau, daughter of Lord Beverweert,a natural son
of the famous Prince Maurice, and wife to Henry Bennet, earl of
Arlington. She was sister to Lady Emilia Nassau, countess of
Ossory, and mother of the Dutchess of Grafton. Ob. 18 Jan.
1718, JEt. 87.
HENRIETTA BOYLE, countess of Rochester.
P. Lely pinvit. M Ardell sc. mezz.
HENRIETTA BOYLE, countess of Rochester. P.
Lely ; J. Watson sc. mezz.
HENRIETTA BOYI.E, countess of Rochester. Lely ;
E. Harding.
Lady Henrietta, fifth daughter of Richard Boyle, earl of Bur
lington and Cork, married Lawrence Hyde, second son of the Earl
of Clarendon. He was created earl of Rochester, 1682. The
Countess of Rochester died 1687, and was buried in Westminster
Abbey.
^ Countess of SHREWSBURY. Eocquet sc. In
" Grammont" from a picture by Sir Peter Lely, in
the possession of the Duke of Dorset.
Countess of SHREWSBURY. Sir P. Lely ; E. Scriven
sc. an octagon. In " Grammont"
Countess of SHREWSBURY^. Sir P. Lely ; L. L.
Claussen.
Anna Maria, eldest daughter of Robert Brudenell, earl of Car
digan, and wife of Francis, earl of Shrewsbury, who was killed in
a duel by George, duke of Buckingham. She was so abandoned
as to hold the duke s horse while he fought and killed her hus
band, 1667. She afterward married George Hodney Bridges, esq.
second son of Sir Thomas Bridges, of Keynsham, in Somerset
shire ; by whom she had one son, George Rodney Bridges, Ob.
1702.
OF KNCJLAND. 371
LADY MARY RATCLIFFE, in a high head-dress
of ostrich s feathers ; feathers of the same kind about
her waist; ivhole length; h. sh. mezz. She is j)laced
here as Countess ofDerwenticater.
Mr. Walpole thinks that this theatric dress might be the same
iii which she acted at court The original portrait is now at Clive
den :* it is thus inscribed. - Lady Mary Tuder (Tudor), natural
daughter of King Charles II. married to the Earl of Derwentwater."
See Mrs. DAVIS, in this class.
VISCOUNTESS, AND DAUGHTERS
OF EARLS.
The LADY ASHLEY. Lely p. Tompson etc. h. sh.
mezz.
Dorothy, daughter of John Manners, earl of Rutland, arid wife
of Anthony, lord Ashley, son of the Lord-chancellor Shaftesbury.
f LADY MARY JOLLIFFE, &c. R. White sc. 4to.
LADY MARY JOLLIFFE, &c. 4to. W. Richardson.
Mary, daughter of Ferdinando Hastings, earl of Huntingdon, by
Lucy, daughter and heir of Sir John Davies of Englefield, knt.
premier-serjeant at law to King James and King Charles I. as also
solicitor, and afterward attorney-general in Ireland. She was a
woman of a strong and cultivated understanding, and of exemplary
conduct in her religious and domestic character. She died in
1678, having had one child only by her husband William Joliffe,f
of Caverswell Castle, in the county of Stafford, esq. See more of
her in the Sermon at her funeral by Samuel Willes, M.A. preacher
at Allhallows, in Derby; to which is prefixed her head.
The LADY ESSEX FINCH. P. Lely p. Brown,;
h. sh. mezz.
* Spelt Clifton in Gibson s " Camdcn."
t Sometimes nriltcu JolliH e.
372 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
LADY ESSEX FINCH; mezz. P. Lely; V r Vaart.
LADY ESSEX FINCH. P. Lely ; P.V. Somer ; an
etching ; folio.
Lady Essex Rich, second daughter and coheir of Robert, earl of
Warwick, married to Daniel Finch, afterward earl of Nottingham.
MRS. ANNE MONTAGUE. Lely p. Browne;
whole length ; h. sh. mezz. She is represented young.
MRS. ANNE MONTAGUE. Lely p. R. Tompson
exc. mezz.
This print should have been inscribed, Lady Anne &c. It is the
portrait of the third daughter of the first earl of Sandwich, who
was first married to Sir Richard Edgecumbe, father of Lord
Edgecumbe ; next to Christopher Montague, elder brother to
Charles, earl of Halifax.*
BARONESS, &c. --^^
S The LADY CATHERINE SEYMOUR, relict of
the Lord Francis Seymour, baron of Trowbridge.
Lely p. Browne; h. sh. mezz.
Catharine, mother to Lord Francis Seymour, baron of Trow
bridge, who, in 1675, succeeded his cousin John, duke of Somer
set, in all his titles. He was killed in Italy in 1678, and was suc
ceeded by his brother, Charles Seymour, who died the 2d of Dec.
1748.
The LADY GREY. P. Lely p. h. sh. mezz; sold by
J. Bakewell ; with a necklace, and a lamb to the right.
Mr . Richardson had seen a proof of this plate longer and
* There is a print, inscribed " Lady Henrietta Mordaunt, daughter of Charles,
earl of Peterborough, &c. Lely p. Watson f." As this is a daughter of the earl
who took Barcelona, arid the same person who married the Duke of Gordon, who
died in 1728, the portrait was, most probably, never painted by Lely, who died
before Charles II. It must therefore belong to a subsequent reign.
OF ENGLAND. 373
wider, the face and head-dress different, also the back
ground, and two sheep to the right : query, if origi-
nally meant for the same person.
Mary, fourth daughter of George, earl of Berkeley, and wife of
Ford, lord Grey, famous for his amours with her sister, Lady
Henrietta Berkeley. The printed letters which are said to have
passed between the two lovers are undoubtedly spurious ;* but some
parts of them must be allowed to be very naturally and pertinently
written.
CICELY, lady Arundell ; within an engraved
border ; engraved by R. Cooper, from a highly -finished
miniature, painted in oil by Ant. Vandyck, in the posses
sion of the Right Honourable Lord Arundell. Private
plate.
Cicely Compton, daughter of Sir Henry Compton, of Brambletye,
in the county of Sussex, knight of the Bath, was twice married;
first to Sir John Fermor, knight, of Somerton, in the county of
Oxford, whom surviving, she next married Henry, third lord
Arundell, of Wardour, and died March 21st, 1675, in the 67th year
of her age. Buried at Tisbury, Wilts ; where a handsome monu
ment is erected to her memory.
RACHEL, widow of Dr. WILLIAM PAULE,
bishop of Oxon, daughter of Sir Christopher Clithe-
row, knt. aged 50, born the 7th of June, 1617. Log-
gan ad vivum del. Eliza. B. Gulstonf. large 4to.
The original drawing was in the possession of James Clitherow,
of Norton-house, in Middlesex, esq.
Rachel Paule was daughter of Sir Christopher Clitherow, knt.
an eminent merchant and alderman of London, in the reigns of
James and Charles the First, t She was one of his children by his
* See the " Life of J. Dunton, bookseller."
t He served the offices of sheriff and lord mayor in the years 1625 and 1636,
was governor of the East-land Company, and president of Christ s Hospital .{ He
$ In the court-room, belonging to the hospital, is an original portrait of him,
dated 1611.
374 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
second wife, Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Cambell, knt. lord mayor
of London in 1609. She married Dr. William Paule, who was fellow
of All Souls College, in Oxford, and afterward bishop of that see.
After his lordship s death, she retired to St. Giles s, in Oxford,
where the original drawing of her, in the widow s weeds of that
time was taken by David Loggan. She died in 1691, leaving several
children ; but the male line became extinct on the death of her
grandson, William Paule,* of Braywick, in Berks, and Greys, in
Oxfordshire, esq. whose only child, by Lady Catharine Fane, his
wife, who was daughter of Vere, and sister of John, late earl of
Westmoreland, married Sir William Stapleton, bart. whose son, Sir
Thomas, now enjoys the Paule estate ; and, in right of his grand
mother, is also presumptive heir, after the death of Francis, now
Lord Despencer, and his sister, Lady Austen, without issue, to that
ancient barony.f
The LADY STANHOPE. Ldy p. Browne; h. sh.
wezz.
Catharine, daughter of Thomas, lord Wotton, and widow of
Henry, lord Stanhope. She had a daughter, named Catharine
after her mother, who married William, lord Allington. She was
created countess of Chesterfield by Charles the Second.
was chosen one of the representatives of the city of London, in the third parliament
of Charles ; the precipitate dissolution of which Lord Clarendon laments as the
principal cause of the national confusion that soon after followed. As he found that
his principles, which were ever well affected to monarchy and the church of Eng
land, rendered him daily less acceptable to the puritan party, which then took the
lead in the city, he retired soon after his mayoralty, from public business, and died
in 1642. He was buried in the church of St. Andrew Undershaft, where there is a
fair monument to his memory.
* Mr. Paule, the father of this gentleman, was remarkably fat, but not so corpu
lent as Dr. Tadlow, of St. John s College, his contemporary, at Oxford. The face
tious Dr. Evans, t of the same house, who loved a pun, said in conversation, that he
had some thoughts of writing a poem upon Tadlow, of which indeed, at present, he
had only composed this line :
Tadloides rnusa? Paulo majora canamus.$
It was on the same person that Dr. Evans made this well-known distich :
\Vhen Tadlow walks the streets, the paviours cry
God bless you, sir ! and lay their rammers by.
t Communicated by James Clitherow, esq.
$ Aulhor of " The Apparition, a Poem ;" the Epitaph on Vanbrugh, &c.
$ Parody of Virg. Eclog. iv. v. l.
OF ENGLAND. 375
There is in the Gallery of Beauties at Windsor, a portrait by Sir
Peter Lely, called " Lady ROCHESTER/ which has been mistaken
for the wife of John, the famous lord, who was indubitably no
beauty. The portrait in question is conjectured to represent the
first wife of Laurence Hyde, second son of Edward, earl of Cla
rendon, who was created viscount Hyde and baron of Wotton
Basset, the 24th of April, 1681, and earl of Rochester, the 29th
of November, 1682. As Sir Peter Lely died in 1680, I have
placed her here as the wife of an earl s second son ; but, perhaps,
improperly. If there be a portrait at Cashiobury resembling this
at Windsor, it may be depended upon as done for one of the wives
of Earl Laurence, and may probably lead to a further discovery.
MADAM CATHARINE NEVILL. Ldijp. Browne;
k. sh. mezz.
MADAM CATHARINE NEVILL ; mezz. S. Leader.
There is a mezzotinto print, sold by Browne, said to have been
done from a painting of Vandyck, and inscribed with both the
names of this lady.
Catharine, daughter of Henry, lord Abergavenny ; first married
to Sir Robert Howard, 1660, and afterward to Robert Berry > esq.
The LADY BELLASIS (BELLASVSE). Lely p.
Tompson exc. h. sh. mezz.
This lady, who was widow of the son of John, lord Bellasyse, was
remarkable for a vivacity which seems to have supplied the place,
and answered all the purposes, of beauty. Though she was one of
the least handsome women that appeared at court, she gained so
far upon the aifections of the Duke of York, that he gave her a
promise under his hand to marry her. He did his utmost to con
vert her to his own religion ; but nothing could induce her to
change that in which she had been educated. The Lord Bellasyse,
her father-in-law, who was a zealous papist, dreading the influence
that such a woman might have upon the duke in religious affairs,
disclosed the secret of the contract to the king. Charles sent for
his brother, and told him, " it was too much to have played the
fool once : that was not to be done a second time, and at such an
376 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
age."* The lady was so intimidated by threats, that she gave up
the original contract, but took care to preserve an attested copy.
It appears from a letter of Dr. Swift to Mrs. Dingley, lately pub
lished, that she died in the reign of Anne ; and that Lord Berkeley,
of Stratton, who was one of her executors, got about 10,000/. by
her death. The portrait at Windsor, which is commonly called
Lady Byron s, is supposed to be that of Lady Bellasyse. The
almost total absence of beauty in it seems to confirm that conjec
ture. See " Anec. of Paint." III. p. 39.
MISS BROOK ; in the " Memoirs of Count Gram-
montr Harding e.rc. 4to.
Miss BROOK, afterward Lady Denham ; 4fo. mezz.
Woodburn exc.
Lady Denham was one of those beauties that adorned the volup
tuous court of Charles II. and at the age of eighteen attracted the
attention of the principal men of that gay period, particularly the
Duke of York, who tried every art in vain to draw her into an in
trigue. While she was only known as Miss Brook, the Earl of
Bristol, to whom she was nearly related, gave great entertainments,
and kept much company, in order to gain admirers, and future
husbands, for this young lady and her sister. Miss Brook how
ever was very near falling into the arms of the duke, when she
met with Sir John Denham, full of wealth, but pretty well laden
with years. He was one of the greatest wits of that age, and made
his addresses so pleasant to the lady, that she became his blooming
bride at the age of eighteen, when he had arrived at the mature
age of seventy-nine.
The LADY MARY ARMYNE. F. H. Van Hove sc.
In Clarke s " Lives ;" folio.
Her portrait, by Cornelius Jansen, is at Welbeck.
Mary, daughter of Henry Talbot, fourth son of George, earl of
Shrewsbury, and wife of Sir William Armyne. She perfectly un
derstood the Latin and French languages, and was well read in
history and divinity. Her apprehension and judgment are equally
extraordinary, and only exceeded by her piety and charity. She
* Biirnet.
OF ENGLAND. 377
founded three hospitals in her lifetime ; one at Burton Grange, in
Yorkshire, and two others in different counties. She also left an
estate to charitable uses. Ob. 1675.
The LADY ELIZABETH BROOKE (or BROOKES),
A. Dom. 1683, M. 82; IZmo. Before her "Funeral
Sermon" by Park hurst.
Lady Brooke, who was born at Wigsale, in Sussex, was daughter
of Thomas Colepepper, esq. and wife of Sir Robert Brooke, knt.
of Cockfield Hall, at Yoxford, in the county of Suffolk. She was,
in the early part of her life, distinguished for the elegance of her
person, as she afterward was for her cultivated understanding,
masculine judgment, and elevated piety. She died in July, 1683.
DOROTHY, wife of Sir John Packington, bart. the
supposed author of " The Whole Duty of Man."
V. Green sc. 4to. me
-
.-.-
This accomplished lady resided chiefly at the family-seat of her
husband, Westwood, in Worcestershire, which often afforded an
asylum to learned men. Dr. Hammond, Bishops Morley, Fell,
Gunning, and others, always met with hospitable entertainment
here during the troubles of the kingdom. In concert with some of
these, the good Lady Packington, as she was called, is supposed to
have written the celebrated work, entitled, " The Whole Duty of
Man," which has been translated into Latin, French, and Welsh.
Lady Packing-ton s Letters and Prayers are marked with the easy
familiar language of that book. And it has been asserted, that the
original MS. in the hand-writing of this lady, and interlined with
corrections by Bishop Fell, was some time in the possession of her
daughter, Mrs. Ayne, of Rampton, who often affirmed it to be the
performance of her mother, adding, that she was the author also of
a book, entitled, " The Decay of Christian Piety.* Lady Packing-
ton died in 1679.
* Upon the whole it still remains a doubt, and it is much easier to prove who was
not the author, than to assert who was : however, Lady Packington seems to have
as good or better claim than Abraham Woodhead, Obadiah Walker, Bishop Fell,
Chappie, Dr. Allestree, Dr. Henchman, or Mr. Fulman. See " Gentleman s Ma
gazine for 1754," p. 26.
VOL. V. 3 C
378 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANN, lady Fanshawe ; from a portrait in the pos
session of Mr. Fanshawe, of Par sloes, in Essex, engraved
by Feisenger ; Svo. In Steward s "Anecdotes."
ANN, daughter of Sir John Harrison, of Balls, by
. Margaret, daughter of Robert Fanshawe, esq. wife to
Sir Richard Fanshawe, bart. ambassador to Spain;
Svo. etched by Catharine Fanshawe.
" This incomparable woman wrote the memoirs of her life, which
contain many curious anecdotes of herself and her husband, and of
the great personages of the times ; unfortunately for the lovers of
truth, of nature, and of simplicity, they remain in manuscript; they
are exquisitely entertaining, and differing from most of the cele
brated French memoirs, and evince most clearly that the trifling
and foppish resource of intrigue, is not necessary to render a nar
rative interesting. It is much to be wished that one of the de
scendants of the ancient and illustrious family of Sir Richard
Fanshawe, who possesses the most perfect copy of these memoirs,
would cause them to be printed for the amusement and instruction
of mankind." Seward s " Anecdotes," vol. ii. p. 15.
Considerable extracts from the MS. are to be found in Seward s
"Anecdotes." The possessors of copies of the whole are, Mr. Fan
shawe, of Parslces ; - Blount, esq. ; Mrs. Bowdler, of Bath ;
and Mr. Clutterbuck, the historian, of Hertfordshire.
LADY ANNE BARRINGTON, and LADY
MARY ST. JOHN. H. Gascar p. large h. sh.
mezz.
This scarce print is in the possession of Mr. Horace Walpole.
The families of Barrinffton and St. John are well known. I know
o
nothing of the personal history of the ladies.
The LADY MOORELAND (MORLAND). P.Lelijp.
II. Tompson exc. h. sh. mezz.
Lady Morland was daughter of George Fielding, esq. and wife
of Sir Samuel Morland, bart. of Sulhamsted Banister, in the county
OF ENGLAND. 379
of Berks, and master of the mechanics to Charles II. Ob. 29 Feb.
1678-9. She lies buried in Westminster Abbey, with an inscrip
tion in English and Hebrew upon her monument: there is also
an epitaph, which seems to have been written in the Ethiopia
language, that people might not read it. Job Ludolf, the writer,*
when he saw it on the tomb, felt much the same kind of emotion as
he would have felt at the unexpected sight of a familiar friend in
a strange country. f
The LADY ELIZABETH RAWDON, wife to that
most valiant colonel and worthy knight, Sir Manna-
duke Rawdon, of Hodsdon, in Hertfordshire ; JEt, 76.
R. White sc.
This is one of the set of the Rawdon family, engraved for the
manuscript before mentioned. See an account of the husband of
this lady in the eighth Class.
LADY KING. Lely p. White sc. 4to.~ Ob. 24 Oct.
1698.
Queere if the lady of Sir Edmund King, physician to Charles II.?
LADY TREVOR WARNER, in religion called
Sister CLARE. Largilliere p. Van Schuppen sc. Svo.
Before her i( Life" Lond. 1692 ; second edit.
Lady Warner, a woman of great beauty and many accomplish
ments, was converted to the Roman Catholic religion about the
same time with Sir John Warner, her husband. She took the
* See his article in the Appendix to this reign.
t The author of the " Life of Ludolf," at p. 126, 127, says, " Non gaudio parvo
perfusus, cum in Templo Westmonasteriensi incisum marmori candido videret carmen
yEthiopicum, quod, rogatus, in meraoriam uxoris clarissimi viri Samuelis Morlant,
equitis Angli, olim conscripserat."j
\ " In Praefat. ad " Grammat. JEihiop." edit, secundae, monet Ludolfus suum,
auctoris, nomen, forte ex invidia adsculptum marmori non fuisse." Ibid. p. 127, n.
380 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
habit of the English nuns, called Sepulchrines, at Liege, together
with Mrs. Elizabeth Warner, her sister-in-law, the 30th of April,
1665. Both these ladies went afterward into the convent of Car-
thusianesses, or poor Clares, at Gravelin.* Sir John entered into
the society of Jesus, and assumed the name of Brother Clare, as his
lady did that of Teresa Clare. They had several daughters, two
of whom, Catharine and Susan, were, in 1692, nuns in the English
monastery at Dunkirk. There is a print of Mrs. Anne Warner, by
John Smith, after Largilliere. She was, as I am informed, another
daughter. Lady Trevor Warner died the 26th of January, 1670.
MARIA, Edwardi Alston eq. aur. filia Jacob! Lang-
ham eq. aur. uxor. Faithorne f. 4to. Before her "Fu
neral Sermon" by Dr. Edward Reynolds, rector of
Braunston, in Northamptonshire, and afterward bishop
of Norwich. Scarce.
MARY LANGHAM ; copied from the above. Harding
c.vc. 4
Mary, daughter of Sir Edward Alston, and wife of Sir James
Langhatn, had, in the early part of her life, a propensity to atheism;
but, as she advanced in years and understanding, she became a
Christian upon sound principles and rational conviction, and expe
rimentally found, that the uniform practice of religion and virtue
added strength to reason, and clearness to evidence. Hence it was
that no woman of her age was more religious or less superstitious.
She was equally a stranger to the moroseness and flights of bigotry;
* " The cells of the Carthusianesses, at Gravelin (says the author of Lady
Warner s Life), are not long enough for one of an ordinary stature to lie at full
length; and therefore when they sleep they almost sit upright in their beds, which
are not two feet and a half broad ; and the cell is no broader, besides what the bed
takes up, than to give room enough for a single person to go in and out. All their
furniture is a little low stool to sit upon, and a straw bed and bolster (or, if sick, a
pillow of chaff); upon which they lie in their habits, having a blanket to cover
them. They wear no linen: go barefoot, having only sandals ; rise at midnight;
abstain all their lifetime from flesh ; and keep such a fast all the year as we do iu
Lent."
" Tantum religio poluit suadcrc malurum."
OF ENGLAND. 381
and displayed a constant cheerfulness, the natural effect of a good
conscience, which rendered her a more agreeable and amiable
woman, in proportion as she was a better Christian. She died in
September, 1660.
A SCOTCH COUNTESS.
JOCOSA, countess of Dalhousie ; from a monument
in the Savoy church. Le Coeur fecit ; Svo.
Of this lady, nothing more has been discovered than is recorded
in her epitaph ; whence it appears that she was the daughter of Sir
Alan Apsley, knight, lieutenant of the Tower of London ; that she
was first married to Lyster Blunt, esq. son to Sir Richard Blunt, of
Maple-Durham, in Oxfordshire, and afterward to William Ramsay,
second earl of Dalhousie. The epitaph adds, that she had no
children, and that she died on the 28th of April, 1663.
Douglas, in his "Peerage,"* mentions that William Ramsay, whom
he calls first Earl of Dalhousie, married Margaret Carnegie, daugh
ter of the Earl of Southesk, by whom he had seven children. As
this Earl of Dalhousie died in 1674, advanced in years, there is rea
son to believe that this lady was his second wife; but, having no
children, she escaped the notice of genealogists.
GENTLEWOMEN, &c.
MADAM CATHARINE SIDLEY (or SEDLEY).
Lely p. R. Tompson eve. h. sh. mezz.
MADAM SIDLEY. Wissing p. R. Williams f. 4to.
mezz.
Mrs. Sedley was daughter of Sir Charles Sedley, bart. See
CATHARINE, countess of Dorchester, in the next reign.
MADAM MARY KIRK. Lely p. Browne; h. sh.
mezz.
* Page 174.
382 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MADAM KIRK ; small oval. Worlidge; Lely ; Sche-
nciker.
.
MARY KIRK, &c. in Harding s " Grammont ;" 1792.
MARY KIRK. Sir P. Lely ; Bocquet sc. In "Gram
mont ;" Svo. 1809. .
Mrs. Kirk was daughter of George Kirk, esq. groom of the bed
chamber to Charles II. and sister to Diana Vere, the last countess
of Oxford, of that name. She was maid of honour to Queen Catha
rine, and one of that constellation of beauties which shone at court
in the former part of this reign. But she proved a wandering, and
at length a fallen, star. Other maids of honour were prudent
enough to retire into the country upon proper occasions ; but she
inadvertently stayed too long in town, and was delivered of a child at
Whitehall. When she was in the pride of all her beauty and fame,
Sir Richard Vernon,* a country gentleman of about 1500/. a year,
made his addresses to her ; but she rejected his courtship with dis
dain. Upon his repulse, he retired to his rural seat, forsook his
dogs and horses, and abandoned himself to grief and despair. Mr.
Thomas Killegrew, of the king s bed-chamber, who was his rela
tion, went to visit this disconsolate lover ; and, with a view of
curing him of his passion, told him all the circumstances of his mis
tress s disgrace. He was transported with the most frantic joy at
the news, as he now thought her haughtiness sufficiently humbled
to listen to his suit. He renewed his addresses with more ardency
than ever, and in a short time she became his wife. Her conduct
was so nice in the married state, that he was reputed the father of
all the children she afterward produced. See more of her in the
" Memoires de Grammont," under the name of Warmestre.
The LADY (Mrs.) PRICE. P. Lely eq. p. Browne;
It. sh. rnezz.
Miss PRICE. F. Bartolozzi sc. In " Grammonfs
Memoirs."
r He it called Killegrew in the <( Memoir- de Grammont."
OF ENGLAND. 383
Mrs. Price, maid of honour to Anne, dutchess of York, was a
woman of an agreeable wit and vivacity, but had scarce any preten
sions to beauty. Though she was not without intrigues of her own,
she seemed to be only intent upon those of others. She was ex
tremely cautious of disclosing any secrets that regarded herself;
but was never scrupulous of betraying those of her enemies, or even
her friends. Few women of her time knew better who and who
were together. She discovered and made public a low amour of the
Earl of Rochester ; for which she felt the whole weight of his
resentment, in a lampoon written with the usual spirit of that licen
tious satirist. When the earl assumed the character of a mounte
bank and fortune-teller, she sent her maid to consult him : he told
her, that " she waited on a good-natured lady, whose only fault
was loving wine and men." See " Memoires de Grammont."*
MADAM JANE MIDDLETON. Lely p. Browne;
whole length ; h. sh. mezz.
MADAM MIDDLETON. Lely p. Tompson eve. mezz.
There is another print of her by Mac Ardell, erroneously in
scribed Lady Middleton.^
JANE MIDDLETON; 4to. P. Lely; Van Burghe >
1792; in Harding 9 s " Grammont"
JANE MIDDLETON; mezz. Kneller ; J. Savage.
JANE MIDDLETON ; mezz. with a lamb. II. Gascar.
Her portrait is in the gallery at Windsor.
* There was a Lady Price, a fine woman, who was daughter of Sir Edmund Warcup,
concerning whom see Wood s " Fasti Oxon." ii. 148. Her father had the vanity to
think that Charles would marry her, though he had then a queen. There were
letters of his, wherein he mentioned that " his daughter was one night and t other
with the king, and very graciously received by him."
t There is a print by F. P. (probably Francis Place) inscribed, " The Countess
of Middleton." It appears to be a portrait of a very different person from Mrs, Jane
Middleton. I know nothing of the lady.
384 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Mrs. Middleton, a woman of small fortune, but of great beauty,
was one of the ladies that attracted the particular notice of the gal
lant chevalier de Grammont, soon after his arrival in England. He
made her many costly presents, which she readily accepted, and
publicly wore. But he was cured of his growing passion for her,
almost as soon as he had seen the amiable Mrs. Hamilton, who was
incomparably more beautiful, and was without her affectation and
coquetry. Mrs. Middleton could well bear the loss of a single
lover : she had generally several in her train, who were never heard
to complain of her cruelty. Mrs. Brooke, afterward Lady Denham,
was a woman of special note at this time, and no less remarkable for
her gaiety, than tragical end.* But the most extraordinary lady
was the Countess of Shrewsbury, who was so far from being re
strained or directed by common form, that she set reputation at the
utmost defiance, and was the greatest heroine in her amours, of any
of her contemporaries.f
MISS JENNINGS; In Harding s "Grammont;" I
. 1793; I
Miss JENNINGS. T. Cheeseman sc. In " Gram-
mont ;" Svo. from an original picture in the collection of
Lord Beau-lieu, at JDitton Park.
Frances Jennings, one of the daughters and coheirs of Richard
Jennings, of Suridridge, in the county of Hertford, esq. and elder
sister to the celebrated Dutchess of Marlborough, first married
George Hamilton, mentioned in " Grammont," and after his death
O
took to her second husband, Richard Talbot, duke of Tyrconnel.
She is said to have been one of the needy Jacobites of King James s
court, to whom 3000 crowns, part of that monarch s pension had
been distributed. She died 1730. See " Grammont;" Svo. 1809.
* She was strongly suspected to have been poisoned by her husband, who was
jealous of the Duke of York.
t She is said to have held the Duke of Buckingham s horse in the disguise of a
page, whilst he fought a duel with her husband, and after he had killed him, to have
gone to bed to him in his bloody shirt.
OF ENGLAND. 385
"The true and lively portraiture of that virtuous
gentlewoman MARTHA WILLIAMS, one of the
daughters of that valiant colonel and worthy knight,
SirMarmaduke Rawdon, of Hodsdon, in Hertfordshire,
and wife to Thomas Williams, gentleman, the fourth
son of Sir Henry Williams, of Gwerneut, in Breck
nockshire, knight and baronet." R. White sc. Svo.
. SARAH RAWDON, wife to Marmaduke Rawdon,
esq. R. White sc. 4to. See MARMADUKE RAWDON,
Class VIII.
KATHARINE RAWDON, wife of William Bow-
yer, &c. R. White sc. 4to.
The true and lively portraiture of that virtuous gen
tlewoman ELIZABETH RAWDON, wife to Mr. Wil
liam Rawdon, of Bermondsey Court, in the county of
Surrey, gentleman. She was born the 18th of January,
1632.
ELIZABETH RAWLINSON, wife of Curwen
Rawlinson, and daughter to Dr. Monck, bishop of
Hereford. Ob. 1691, M. 43. Jos. Nutting sc. This
head is in the same plate with Nicholas Monck, and
several others of the Rawlinson family ; 4 to.
Curwen Rawlinson, husband of this lady, has been already men
tioned. He left issue by her two sons ; Monck, who died young,
and Christopher, of whom there is a portrait, which belongs to the
reign of Anne.
MADAM SMITH, wife of Erasmus Smith, esq r .
Kneller p. 1680. G. White f. h.sh. mesz. See ERAS
MUS SMITH, Class VIII.
VOL. V. 3D
386 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MADAM GRAHAM. Lely p. Tompson exc. h.sh.
mezz.
* # * * # * #
MADAM PHILADELPHIA SAUNDERS. P.
Lely p. Browne; h. sh. mew.
MADAM PARSON. P. Lely p. J. Verlwlye f.
1683; h. sh. mezz.
MADAM JANE KELLEWAY, in the character
of Diana. Lely p. Browne; h. sh. mezz.
. MADAM JANE LONG. P. Lely p. R. Tompson
exc. h. sh. mezz.
Mrs. Long was an actress, but of no great celebrity. She per
formed in public in the year 1662.
SOPHIA BULKELY. H.Gascarp. h. sh. mezz.
This lady was daughter of Walter Stuart, esq. third son of Lord
Blantyre, and sister to Frances, dutchess of Richmond. She mar
ried Henry Bulkeley, esq. " master of the household "* to Charles
the Second. In the reign of William, it was reported, that she was
confined in the Bastile, for holding a correspondence with Lord
Godolphin.f That she had some connexion with that lord, may be
* Crawford s "Peerage of Scotland," p. 37.
t Dalrymple s " Memoirs," part ii. p. 189. She is there erroneously called
Lady Sophia Buckley.
OF ENGLAND. 387
presumed from the following stanza, which is part of a satire against
Charles, written in 1680 :
Not for the nation, but theyiur,
Our treasury provides :
Bulkeley s Godolphin s only care,
As Middleton is Hyde s.
DOROTHEA RUTTER; Martis 21, 166, anno
atatis su<z ult. et 31.
Life more abundant in her looks you see ;
Picture her soul, a heavenly saint is she."
The print is before her Funeral Sermon, by Giles Oldis-
worth.
This amiable and pious lady was daughter of Sir John Hales, of
the White Friars, in Coventry, and wife of Michael Rutter, esq. of
Burton on the Hill, in Gloucestershire.
LADY RACHEL RUSSELL; from an original
picture at Miss Pelhanis. L. Legoux sc. 4to. In
Harding s " Biographical Mirrour"
LADY RACHEL RUSSELL; from an original picture
at Wooburn, frontispiece to her Letters. C. Knight
sc. Svo.
LADY RACHEL RUSSELL; from the same picture.
Gr. Murray sc. Svo.
Lady Rachel Russell was second daughter of Thomas Wriothes-
ley, earl of Southampton, lord high-treasurer of England, by
Rachel de Rouvigny, widow of Daniel de Massen, baron of
Rouvigny.
She was born in 1636, and married first to Francis, lordVaughan,
eldest son of Richard, earl of Carberry, secondly to William, lord
Russell, second son of William, first duke of Bedford, who, in
1683, was executed for misprision of treason, but whose attainder
was afterward reversed by act of parliament.
388 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The excellent and undisturbed sense, and unshaken firmness of
this virtuous heroine, while she assisted her lord during his trial,
were proved not to be the result of insensibility, miscalled philo
sophy, but a command over the most afflicted tenderness, as long
as she could be of use to him, and while she might have distressed
his affection. For the moment he was no more, she gave such
incessant loose to her tears, that she was supposed to have brought
on her blindness; still with such devoted submission, that she
bore the violent reproofs of a bigoted chaplain, devoted to the
court, who augmented her rational grief by scarce oblique condem
nation of the principles to which her dearest lord had fallen a
sacrifice.
Her ladyship s letters, which have been published, are a conir
pound of resigned piety, never-ceasing grief, strong sense, and
true patriotism, with strict attention to all domestic duties. She
lived to the age of eighty-seven, revered almost as a saint herself,
and venerated as the relict of the martyr to liberty and the
constitution.
She died the 29th of September, 1723, having born to Lord
Russell one son, Wriothesley, who, in 1700, succeeded his grand
father in his honours and estate, and two daughters, Lady Rachel,
married to William, second duke of Devonshire, and Lady Cathar
rine, married to John, marquis of Granby, afterward second duke
of Rutland.
MARY, wife of John Evelyn, esq. daughter of Sir
Richard Browne, bart. ambassador from King Charles
I. and II. to the court of France. Engraved by H.
Meyer; 4to.
This lady became acquainted with the celebrated John Eveyln
during the time of his travels in France ; her father, Sir Richard
Browne, was acting in the French court as ambassador from King
Charles the First. Mr. Evelyn informs us in his memoirs that, " on
June 10th, 1647, we had concluded about my marriage, in order
to which I went to St. Germans, where the Prince of Wales had his
court, to desire of Dr. Earle, then one of his chaplains (since dean
of Westminster, clerk of the closet, and bishop of Salisbury), that
he would accompany me to Paris, which he did; and on Thursday
27th June, 1647, he married us in Sir Richard Browne s chapel.
OF ENGLAND. 389
This was Corpus Christi feast, which was solemnly observed in
this country; the streets were sumptuously hung with tapestry and
strewed with flowers." He farther informs us, that * on Sept.
10th, the same year, being called into England to settle his affairs,
after an absence of about four years, he took leave of the prince and
queen, leaving his wife, yet very young, under the care of an excel
lent lady and prudent mother."
Mrs. Evelyn was a very amiable and accomplished woman, and
lived on terms of intimacy with persons of the highest distinction.
She outlived Mr. Evelyn, and by her will, dated Feb. 9, 1708,
desired to be buried in a stone coffin near that of " my dear hus
band, whose love and friendship I was happy in fifty- eight years nine
months, but by God s providence left a disconsolate widow the
27th day of February, 1705, in the 71st year of my age. His care
of my education was such as tenderness, affection, and fidelity, to
the last moment of his life, which obligation I mention with a gra
titude to his memory, ever dear to me, and I must not omit to own
the sense I have of my parents care and goodness in placing me in
such worthy hands,"
MARIA JOHANNIS ONEBYE, de Hinckley Filia,
Thomee Staveley Leicestrensis Uxor; in Nichols s
" History of Leicestershire. "
This lady who was the youngest daughter of John Onebye, of
Rinckley, married in December, 1656, Thomas Staveley, a well-
known historian and antiquary, by whom she had issue three sons
and four daughters : 1. Thomas, who was admitted of Emmanuel
College, Cambr dge, May 20, 1675, and was buried at St. Andrew s
church there, July 27, 1676. 2. William, baptized May 7, 1661,
was afterward a captain in the army, and a Roman Catholic. He
resided at Medbourn in 1710, died there in 1723, and was buried
at Holt, April 18; having not long survived his wife, who was
buried August 17, 1722. 3. George Staveley, the youngest son
of Thomas, born in 1665, was rector of Medbourn 1696 ; where
he died, and was buried Aug. 1, 1709.
Of the four daughters, 1. Mary was married to Mr. Brudenell,
May 15, 1678; and buried Oct. 18, 1729. 2. Anne, baptized
May 19, 1663, and buried July 15, 1694. 3. Christiana, baptized
390 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Nov. 30, 1667; married to Mr. Walker, at Abington, Dec. 17,
1689. 4. Jane, baptized Oct. 12, 1662 (the day on which her
mother was buried), died Nov. 19, 1705. Mrs. Staveley died
October 12, 1669.
The family of Mr. COOKE of Norfolk.* Huysman
p. Van Somer f. large sh. mezz.
The print is anonymous; but I give it this appella
tion upon the authority of Vertues manuscript in my
possession. There is a half -sheet mezzotinto by Vincent,
which contains a copy of part of it. The eldest of the
children, in the copy, holds a knotted sheep-hook, and has
by her side a lamb. The two least, who are represented
as angels, are presumed to have died young. I mention
this circumstance as analogous to the children in the
clouds y in the famous family-piece at Wilton.
MRS. KATHARINE CLARKE. Van Hove sc.
Katharine, wife of Mr. Samuel Clarke the biographer and mar-
tyrolog-ist. Her husband extols her as an eminent example of
piety, meekness, chastity, industry, and obedience. He tells us
" that she never rose from table without making him a courtesy,
nor drank to him without bowing ; that his word was a law to her,
and that she often denied herself to gratify him." He appears to
have been as good a husband, as she was a wife.
" They were so one, that none could truly say,
Which did command, or whether did obey :
He rul d, because she would obey ; and she,
In so obeying, rul d as well as he.
She died the 21st of June, 1675, having herself, with great com
posure, first closed her eyes. Her print, together with her life, is
in Clarke s last folio, 1683.
* As the principal figures are young ladies, the print may be placed here with
propriety.
OF ENGLAND. 391
LUCY BARLOW, alias Waters; from a minia
ture by Cooper, at Strawberry -hill. Harding exc. 4to.
Lucy Barlow, alias Waters, or more properly Walter, was the
daughter of Richard Walter, of Haverford-west, in Pembrokeshire,
esq. and mother of the unfortunate James, duke of Monmouth.
The following is Lord Clarendon s account of her and her son.
" A little before this time (July, 1662) the queen-mother re
turned again for England. With the queen there came over a
youth of about ten or a dozen years of age, who was called by the
name of Mr. Crofts, because the Lord Crofts had been trusted to
the care of his breeding; but he was generally thought to be the
king s son, begotten upon a private Welshwoman of no good fame,
but handsome, who had transplanted herself to the Hague when
the king was first there, with a design to obtain this honour, which
a groom of the bed-chamber willingly preferred her to ; and there
it was this boy was born. The mother lived afterward for some
years in France, in the king s sight, and at last lost his majesty s
favour; yet the king desired to have the son delivered to him, that
he might take care of his education; which she would not consent
to. At last the Lord Crofts got him into his charge, and the
mother dying at Paris, he had the sole tuition of him, and took
care for the breeding him suitable to the quality of a very good
gentleman. And the queen, after some years, came to know of it,
and frequently had him brought to her, and used him with much
grace ; and upon the king s desire brought him with her from Paris
to England, when he was about twelve years of age, very hand
some; and performed those exercises gracefully which youths of
that age used to learn in France. The king received him with
extraordinary fondness, and was willing that every body should
believe him to be his son, though he did not yet make any decla
ration that he looked upon him as such, otherwise than by his
kindness and familiarity towards him. He assigned a liberal main
tenance for him ; but took not that care for a strict breeding of
him as his age required.
" After Mrs. Walters had this child, she kept so little measure
with the king, and lived so loosely when he was in Scotland, that
when, after the Worcester fight, he came to France, and she came
thither, he would have no farther commerce with her. She tried
in vain all her little arts, and endeavoured to persuade Dr. Cosins,
that she was a convert, and would quit her scandalous way of life;
392 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
but had at the same time a child by the Earl of Arlington, who
grew up to be a woman, and was owned by the mother to be hers ;
as like the earl as possible. When the king went to Germany, she
imposed on Sir H. V. the king s resident at Brussels, to go along
with her to Cologne, and ask leave to marry him. But all being
in vain, she abandoned herself, arid grew so common, that she died
at Paris, after the restoration, of a disease incident to her pro
fession."
MADAM DAVIS. Lely p. Valck f. 1678 ;
mezz.
MADAM DAVIS. Lely p. Tompson exc. h. sh. mezz.
She is represented playing on the guitar.*
MADAM DAVIS; playing on a clavichord, or spi
net ; a gentleman (probably Charles II.) listening with
great attention : in the bach ground, a courtier bowing
to a gentleman and lady passing a portico, most likely
intended to represent the king and his mistress. R.
Tompson exc. half sheet ; mezz.
MADAM DAVIS; mezz. P. Lely. A. de Bois ; 4to.
MARY DAVIS. Kneller ; W. N. Gardiner sc. In
Har ding s " Grammont."
MRS. DAVIS. Bocquet sc. In "Grammont" 1809,
Svo.
MARY DAVIS. Schiavonetti ; 1792.
At Billingbere, in Berkshire, the seat of Richard Neville Neville,
esq. is a fine portrait of her by Kneller, with a black. This pic
ture, which is in the painter s best manner, was the property of
* The guitar was never in so general vogue in England, as it was in this reign.
The king was pleased with hearing Signor Francisco, an Italian, play on this
instrument; as he knew how to fetch better music out of it than any other per
former. Hence it became fashionable at court, and especially among the king s
mistresses, who were greater leaders in fashions of all kinds, than the queen, herself.
OF ENGLAND. 393
Baptist May, who was privy purse to Charles II. and of singular
service to him in his private pleasures.*
Mary Davies, mistress to Charles II. was some time comedian in
the Duke of York s theatre. She had one daughter by the king ;
namely Mary, who took the surname of Tudor, and was, in 1687,
married to the son of Sir Francis Ratcliffe, who became Earl of
Derwentwater.f
MADAM ELEANORA GWYNN. Cooper p. G.
Valck sc. 4to.
MADAM GWIN. P. Lely p. G. Valck sc. A lamb
under her right arm.
MADAM ELEANOR GWYNN. Lely p. A lamb
under her left arm : copied from the former. There is
another copy in mczzoiinto.
MRS. ELLEN GWYNN. P. Lely p. P.Van Bleeckf.
1751 ; h. sh. mczz.
MADAM ELLEN GWYNN. P. Tempest eve. 4fo.
mezz.
* John Wilmot, earl of Rochester; John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave; Lord
Buckhurst, afterward earl of Dorset; Henry, son of Thomas Killegrew; Henry
Savile; Fleetwood Sheppard, and Baptist May, were generally of the number of
those select and facetious parties which enlivened the evenings of Charles II. in the
apartments of his mistresses. The last but one of these persons, who, as well as
the Earl of Dorset, was a friend and patron of Prior, was a gentleman-usher, and
daily-waiter, and afterward usher of the black rod to King William. See more of
these favourites in " Athen. Oxon. ii. col. 1039. See also Lord Clarendon s
" Continuat." fol. p. 338, 355, 438, &c.
t It would be too indelicate to mention the particular consequences of the jalap,
which was given to Moll Davies at supper, by Nell Gwynn, who knew she was to
lie the same night with the king. It is sufficient to hint at the violence of its ope
ration, and the disastrous effects : such effects as the ancients would have attributed
to Anteros,f a malignant deity, and the avowed enemy of Cupid. She is said to
have captivated the monarch with her song, " My lodging is on the cold ground,
in the character of Celania, a shepherdess mad for love.
VOL. V. 3
394 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MADAM GWYNN ; holding a nosegay ; large
MADAM ELLEN GWIN, and her two sons, &c. in
the characters of Venus and two Cupids. Henry Gas-
car p. sh.
MADAM ELLEN GWYNN, and her two sons. Lelup.
Tompson exc. h. sh. mezz.
Their portraits, in one piece, are at Welbeck.
ELEANOR GWYNN; mezz. with a lamb. P.Lehj;
M Ardell. $***> v "/ l * * ; / . ]r ; ; ;" v
j v t m
ELEANOR GWYNN ; mezz. Becket.
ELEANOR GWYNN; mezz. de Blois.
ELEANOR GWYNN ; mezz. Lely ; V. Green; 4to.
ELEANOR GWYNN, with a lamb; in an oval; P.
Lely ; J. Ogborne.
ELEANOR GWYNN. R. Williams.
ELEANOR GWYNN. Lely ; Scheneker. In Hard-
ing s " Grammont ;" 1793.
NELL GWYN. ScKenelcer. In " Grammont ;" Svo.
1809. ;. . : :! ; .
There is a small etching of her, in the fine manner
of Rembrandt. It was done by G. Spencer, the late
painter, in miniature, after a picture of the same size in
Lord Bristol s Collection.
Eleanor Gwynn, better known by the familiar name of Nell, was,
at her first setting out in the world, a plebeian of the lowest rank,
and sold oranges in the playhouse. Nature seems to have quali
fied her for the theatre. Her person, though below the middle size,
was well turned : she had a good natural air, and a sprightliness
OF ENGLAND. 395
that promised every thing in comedy. She was instructed by Hart
and Lacy, who were botli actors of eminence ; and, in a short time,
she became eminent herself in the same profession. She acted the
most spirited and fantastic parts,* and spoke a prologue or epilogue
with admirable address. The pert and vivacious prattle of the
orange-wench, was, by degrees, refined into such wit as could
please Charles II. Indeed it was sometimes carried to extrava
gance : but even her highest flights were so natural, that they
rather provoked laughter than excited disgust. She is said to
have been kept by Lord Dorset, before she was retained by the
king, and to have been introduced to the latter by the Duke of
Buckingham, with a view of supplanting the Dutchess of Cleve
land. + Nell, who knew how to mimic every thing ridiculous about
the court, presently ingratiated herself with her merry sovereign,
and retained a considerable place in his affection to the time of his
death. She continued to hang on her clothes with her usual neg
ligence when she was the kind s mistress: but whatever she did
\.s
became her. Ob. 16S7.J
MADAM JANE ROBERTS. Ldy p. Sold by
Browne ; h. th. mc.zz. very scarce.
This unhappy woman, who was also one of the king s mistresses,
was the daughter of a clergyman, and is said by Bishop Burnet, to
have fallen into " many scandalous disorders, attended with very
dismal adventures." But her sense of religion was so far from being
extinct, when she was engaged in an ill course of life, that she fre
quently felt all the poignancy of remorse. She died a sincere pe
nitent. See Burnet, i. p. 263, 507,
* She very rarely appeared in tragedy, but is known to have acted the part of
Almahide: to which Lord Lansdown alludes, in his " Progress of Beauty :"
" And Almahide once more by kings adored."
t See Burnet, i. p. 263.
$ She was, or affected to be, very orthodox, and a friend to the clergy and the
church. The story of her paying the debt of a worthy clergyman, -whom, as she
was going through the city, she saw some bailiffs hnrr\ ing to prison, is a known
fact ; as is also that of her being insulted in her coach at Oxford, by the mob, who
mistook her for the Dutchess of Portsmouth. Upon which she looked out of the
window, and said, with her usual good humour, Pra;/ good people, be cii tl ; 1 am the
protestant whore. This laconic speech drew upon her the blessings of the populace,
who suffered her to proceed without farther molestation.
396 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MRS. KNIGHT, a famous singer, and favourite of
King Charles II. G. Kneller p. J. Faber f. 1749.
E collectione J. Ellys ; h. sh. mezz. She is represented
in mourning, and in a devout posture, before a crucifix.
Whether Mrs. Knight were penitent from the same kind of guilt
that Mrs. Roberts was, is altogether uncertain. Thus much we are
sure of, that it was no easy task for a woman who happened to be
a favourite of Charles, and could probably charm him by her person
and her voice, to preserve her virtue. She, perhaps, deserves to be
in better company.* There is, in Waller s " Poems," a song " sung
by Mrs. Knight, to her majesty, on her birth-day." See Granger s
"Letters," p. 162.
The Lady (Mrs.) WILLIAMS. Lehj p. Cooper;
large h. sh. mezz.
The Lady WILLIAMS. Wissing p. Becket /. whole
length ; large h. sh. mezz.
Mrs. Williams was mistress to the Duke of York ; but none could
ever think her a beauty. Lady Bellasyse was plain, Mrs. Sedley
was homely, and Mrs. Churchill was just the reverse of handsome.
The king said, that as his brother had been a sinner with the beau
tiful part of the sex, it was probable that his confessor had imposed
such mistresses upon him by way of penance.
i
HESTHER TRA DESCANT ; in the same print
with her son ; from a picture in the Ashmolean Museum,
Oxford ; 4to. J. Caulfield exc.
HESTHER TRADESCANT ; in an oval ; Svo. J.Caul-
jield exc.
* If any credit may be given to a manuscript lampoon, dated 1686, Mrs. Knight
was employed by Charles as a procuress : particularly, she was sent with overtures
to Nell Gwynn ; whom, as the same authority says, Lord Buckhurst would not part
with, till he was reimbursed the expenses he had lavished upon her. The king at
length created him earl of Middlesex for his compliance :
" Gave him an earldom to resign his b tch."
OF ENGLAND. 397
Hesther, the widow of John Tradescant, jun. who died in 1662,
being compelled, by a decree in Chancery, to deliver up to Elias
Ashmole, the museum collected by her husband and his father,
which had been made over to him by a deed of gift of her husband s.
She was so much afflicted as to drown herself, a few days after being
despoiled of the property, in a pond in her own garden. There is
a print of Tradescant s house in South Lambeth, etched by J. T.
Smith.
MADAM HUGHES. P. Lely p. 1677; h. sh.
mezz.
MADAM HEWSE, (Hue us). Lely p. R. Williams f.
h. sh. mezz.
MRS. HUGHES. Bocquet sc. In " Grammont f Svo.
~ 1809.
Margaret Hughes was mistress to Prince Rupert. He bought for
her the magnificent seat of Sir Nicholas Crispe, near Hammersmith,
which cost 25,000/. the building. It was afterward sold to Mr.
Lannoy, a scarlet-dyer. The prince had one daughter by her,
named Ruperta, borri in 1671. She married Emmanuel Scroope
Howe, esq. brigadier-general in the reign of Anne, and envoy ex
traordinary to the house of Brunswick Lunenburg. He was brother
to Scroope, lord viscount Howe, of the kingdom of Ireland.*
Captain Alexander Radcliffe, in his " Ramble," evidently points at
Mrs. Hughes,
" Should 1 be hang d I could not choose
But laugh at wh-r-s that drop from stews,
Seeing that mistress Margaret
So fine is."
Sandford, p. 571, edit. 1707. It appears from the same page, that he had also
a natural son by Frances Bard, daughter of Henry, viscount Bellomont, in Ireland.
This son was commonly called Dudley Rupert. He served as a volunteer in the
emperor s army, at the siege of Buda, where he was killed the 13th of July, 1686,
in the 20th year of his age. See an account of Lord Bellomont, or Bellemont, in
" Fast. Oxon." ii. col. 38.
398 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WIVES OF ARTISTS, &c.
MRS. GIBSON. Walker sc. In the same plate with
her husband. Engraved for the u Anecdotes of Paint-
" 4to.
Her portrait, by Vandyck, is in the same picture with the Dutchess
of Richmond, at Wilton.
Mrs. Anne Gibson, whose maiden name was Shepherd, was wife
to Richard Gibson, painter, and page of the back-stairs to Charles
I. That prince and his queen honoured the nuptials of this dimi
nutive couple with their presence. They seemed to be just tallied
for each other, being exactly three feet ten inches in height.
" Design or chance makes others wive,
But nature, did this match contrive j
Eve might as well have Adam fled,
As she denied her little bed
To him, for whom heav n seemed to frame
And measure out this only dame," <xc.
Waller on the Marriage of the Dwarfs.
They had nine children, who were all of a proper size. Mrs. Gib-^
son died in 1709, in the 98th year of her age.
D. DOROTHEA NARBONA, uxor D. Thomas
Raulins (vel Rawlins), supremi sculptoris sigilli Caroli
I. et Caroli II. cScc. J. Careu del. Ant. Vander Doesf^
Thomas Rawlins, her husband, was also an engraver of medals.
MRS. VAILLANT. W. Vaillantf. 4to. mezz.
There are, at least, two prints of her, done hi] her
husband.
MRS. VAILLANT, with three children, one on her
right hand in cap and feather. W. Vaillanl ; scarce.
OF ENGLAND. 399
This person was wife of Warner Vaillant, the engraver, of whom
there is an account in the preceding class.
ELIZABETH COOPER. Lely p. W. Faithornef.
whole length; h. sh. mezz. She is represented young.
Probably one of the family of Cooper, the printseller, mentioned
in the foregoing class.
SCOTCH LADIES.
The Dutchess of LAUDERDALE, in the same plate
with the duke. Ldy p. R. Tompson GJCC. sh. mezz.
The original picture is at Lord Dysert s, at Petersham.
This lady, who was second wife to the Duke of Lauderdale, was
daughter and heir to William Murray, earl of Dysert, and widow of
Sir Lionel Tolmach,* of Helmingham, in Suffolk. Here she was
frequently visited by Oliver Cromwell, which occasioned the report
of their amorous correspondence. She was a woman of great quick
ness of wit, of an extensive knowledge of the world, and of uncom
mon penetration in state affairs. But her politics seemed to have been
of much the same cast with those of her husband. Bishop Burnet tells
us, that " she writ him a long account of shutting up the Exchequer,
as both just and necessary, "f It was much the same sort of neces
sity that put her upon setting to sale all kinds of offices, during the
duke s oppressive administration in Scotland. It is well known that
he acted in that kingdom like an eastern monarch, and his dutchess
carried herself with all the haughtiness of a sultana who governed
The Lady LORNE. P. Letup, h. sh. mezz.
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Lionel Tolmach, by Elizabeth his wife,
afterward dutchess of Lauderdale. She married Archibald, lord
Lome, who became earl, and at length duke of Argyle, to which
title he was raised 23 June, 1701.
* Vulgo Talmash.
t See Bnrnet s " Hist, of his own Time," I. p. 306.
\ Ibid. I. p. 339.
400 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
LADY GRAMMONT. Lely p. M Ardell f. mezz.
From the original in the gallery at Windsor*
There is an etching of her by Powle, after Lely,
which was done for the edition of the " Memoirs de Gram
mont" printed at Strawberry -hill.
LADY GRAMMONT. W. N. Gardiner sc.
This amiable lady was the wife of Count Grammont, and sister of
Count Hamilton, author of the " Memoires de Grammont." Charles
II. in a letter addressed to the Dutchess of Orleans, speaks thus of
her; "I believe she will pass for a handsome woman in France,
&c. She is as good a creature as ever lived. "f See GRAMMONT
in the Appendix.
IRISH LADIES. - -
The Countess of MEATH. Paulus Mignard, Avc-
nionemis p. Londini ; P. Van Somer f. h.s/i. mezz.
scarce.
Probably wife of the Earl of Meath, who was drowned in 1675,
near Holyhead, in Wales, in his passage from Ireland.
The Countess of OSSORY. Wlsslng p. Becket f.
//. sh. mezz.
AMELIA of Nassau, wife of Thomas, earl of Os-
sory. See Lady ARLINGTON, in the division of the
English countesses.
* Mac Ardell undertook to engrave the gallery of Beauties at Windsor; ofwhich
he did the portrait above described, and that of Mrs., erroneously called lady, Middle-
ton. He was prevented in making any farther progress in this work by death : but
vve have artists now living, who are well able to prosecute this design, and to do jus
tice to Vandyck.
t Dalrymple s " Memoirs," ii. p. 26.
$ There is a mezzotinto print by Van Somer, after S. Brown, inscribed " Made
moiselle Charlotte de Beeverwaerde." I take this lady to be one of the four sisters of
OF ENGLAND. 401
AMELIA, countess of Ossory ; mezz. Lely ; T.
Watson ; in the gallery at Windsor.
AMELIA, countess of Ossory; mezz. a small oval,
The Lady MARY FIELDING, sole daughter of
Barnham, viscount Carlingford. Lely p. J. Becket f.
h. sh. mezz. See ROBERT FIELDING, Class VIII.
Mary Swift, the only daughter of Barnham Swift, viscount Car
lingford, in the decline of her life married Beau Fielding. After
her death, in 1682, he sold and dissipated the whole fortune of the
Swift family. See Lodge s u Talbot Papers," vol. i. p. 192, note.
" CONSTANTIA LUCY, daughter of Sir Richard
Lucy (of Broxborne, in Hertfordshire), sister to Sir
Kingsmill, and aunt to Sir Berkley, wife to Henry , lord
Colerane. Ob. 1680. A small round, with ornaments:
it seems to be a head-piece. Arms, three luces, or pikes,
$c. after the design of Henri/, lord Colerane, by J.
Collins.
CONSTANTIA LUCY, lady Colerane; hi a circle.
W. Richardson.
Constantia, first wife of Henry, lord Colerane, an eminent anti
quary and virtuoso. He had by her two sons, Hugh and Lucius ;
and a daughter named Constantia, who married Hugh Smithson,
esq. of Tottenham, in Middlesex.
CATHARINE, only daughter of Robert, and sister
of Sir Robert Southwell, of King s Weston, in Com.
Glou. knt. wife to Sir John Perceval, bart. (7th of that
name) born the 1st of September, 1637, married the
Lady Ossory. There is another mez/otinto, inscribed, " Madam Hdyot" (possibly
Elliot), by Lloyd, after Lutterel. I have seen the, same name on the print of a nua
by Edelinck ; but the persons are apparently different.
VOL. V. 3 1
402 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
14th of February, 1655, died the 17th of August, 1679.
J. Faberf. 1743, Svo. mezz. Engraved for the " His
tory of the House of Yvery."
CATHARINE, daughter of Sir Edward Derino;, of
~
Surrenden, in Kent, bart. wife to Sir John Perceval,
bart. (8th of that name) born married Feb. 1680-1,
died Feb. 1691-2. Faberf. 1743. Engraved for the
same book.
Lady Perceval, though some of her ancestors sacked towns and
conquered kingdoms, had sense enough, to know that benevolence
of the heart and bounty of the hand, virtues for which she was par
ticularly eminent, would avail her more than all the borrowed lustre
of ancestral honours. The illustrious descent of the house of Dering,
from different branches of the Norman line of English kings,"
"from the imperial house of Charlemagne, or that of France,"* upon
which the family has long plumed itself, were, in her estimation,
the lightest of all vanities. She married to her second husband Col.
Butler, a gentleman of Ireland ; and, in a short time after her mar
riage, died on the 2d of Feb. 1691-2. She lies buried in Chelsea
church.
A FOREIGN DUTCHESS, &c. v ^
ORTANCE MANCHINI (HORTENSE MANCINI),
dutchess of Mazarine, &e. P.Ldyp. G.Valck sc.
1678 ; large h. sh. finely executed.
ORTANCE MANCHINI, &c. Lelyp. VcrMyef, 1680,
4to. mezz.
The Dutchess of MAZARINE. /. S. Lloyd eve.
mezz.
Another engraved after the direction of Picart, Svo.
* Hist, of the House of Yvcrv." 11. p. 396, &c.
OF ENGLAND. 403
The Dutchess of MAZARINE; mezz. A.deBlois.
The Dutchess of MAZARINE. Lehj ; P. Lombart ;
prefixed to "La Pratique des Vertices Chritiennes ;"
1669; Svo.
The Dutchcss of MAZARINE; mezz. Ldy; V. Somer.
The Dutehess of MAZARINE. Stephani ; folio.
The Dutchess of MAZARINE. Ldy ; Tompson ;
mezz.
The Dutchess of MAZARINE ; mezz. G. Valck.
The Dutchess of MAZARINE; as Pomona. Netscheri
J. Watson; 1777;
In the English translation of St. Evremond s works is a copy
from Lombart s print of the Dutchess of York, inscribed, " The
Dutchess of Mazarine."
Hortense Mancini was, by permission of Lewis XIV. heiress to
the title, arms, and estate of her uncle, the famous Cardinal Maza
rine ; all which she transferred, by a marriage-contract, to the Duke
of Meilleraye, whom she espoused. She possessed every qualifica
tion that could inspire love, and appears to have been extremely
susceptible of that passion herself. Having quarrelled with the
duke her husband, she came into England, flushed with the con- 1675.
quests she had made in her own country. She had evidently a de
sign upon Charles II.* and was regarded as a most formidable rival
to the Dutchess of Portsmouth. It is said that a discovery of an
intrigue, in which she imprudently engaged soon after she came
over, prevented her gaining the ascendant in the royal favour.
The king, however, assigned her an annual pension of 4000^.
She lived many years at Chelsea, where her house was daily
resorted to by the witty, the gallant, and polite. St. Evremond,
* Fenton, in his Observations on Waller s " Triple Combat," informs us, that
she was once thought a fit match for Cliarles ; and that Henrietta Maria and Cardi
nal Mazarine bad designed her for his queen. The same author observes that she
once had the greatest fortune of any lady in Europe.
.
404 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY, &c.
her avowed admirer, has drawn her character to great advantage ;
indeed so great, that we presently see his passions were too much
engaged for a candid historian. He could scarce think that so
angelic a creature had any foibles, much less that she had vices
which would have disgraced the meanest of her sex. Ob. 2 July,
1699.*
The notices that we have of most of the ladies in this reign, or
any other, are but slender. If Mrs. Manleyf had flourished at this
period, there is no question but we should have had more of their
secret history. It would doubtless have afforded a much more plen
tiful harvest for such a writer than the reign of Anne.
* It appears from several printed letters of Cardinal Mazarine to Lewis XIV. that
that prince was much in love with another niece of the cardinal s, at the time of his
marriage treaty with the infanta.
t Author of the " New Atalantis."
END OF VOL. V.
Printed by J. F. DOVE, Si. John s Square.
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