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LEWISTON    CITY    BUILDING,    1891. 


HISTORY 


OF 


oir 


Androscoggin  County, 


MAINE 


(ILLUSTRATED  ) 


"Out  of  monuiuents,  names,  words,  proverbs,  traditions,  records, 
fragments  of  stone,  passages  of  books,  and  the  like,  we^ 
recover  somewhat  from  the  deluge  of  time."  ■"■■^  "     'j';?C^>v 

JAN  26  1892 


w 


GEORGIA   DREW    MERRILL,    EDITOR. 


W.  A.  FERGUSSON  &  CO. 

BOSTON,  MASS. 

1891. 


Copyright,  1891. 


ALL    RIGHTS    RESERVED. 


JOURNAL     PRESS,     UEWISTON,     ME. 


FROM  innumerable  sources  of  information, —  many  of  them  broken,  frag- 
mentary, and  imperfect, —  from  books,  manuscripts,  records,  and  private 
documents,  we  have  gathered  much  of  value  respecting  this  valley  of 
Androscoggin  and  its  savage  and  civilized  occupancy.  In  our  labors  we  liave 
endeavored  to  separate  truth  from  error,  fact  from  fiction,  as  they  come  down 
to  us  from  the  half-forgotten  days  in  legend,  tradition  and  the  annals  of 
the  past. 

We  express  our  thanks  to  those  who  have  willingly  given  of  their  time  and 
lab(jr  to  aid  us  ;  to  those  who  have  contributed  the  illustrations,  thereby  adding 
much  to  the  value  of  this  work;  to  those  whose  cheering  words  and  earnest 
assistance  have  ever  been  at  our  service  ;  and  to  those  whose  courtesy  has  been 
extended  to  us  during  our  sojourn  in  this  most  progressive  of  counties. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Chapter  I i' 

The  County  of  Androscoggin.  —  Territory  —  Organization  —  Towns  Included  — 
Name— Location  and  Area— Agriculture,  Population,  and  Valuation— Manufactures  and 
Wealth— Census  Statistics— Financial  Condition  from  Organization— State  Tax,  1890 
and  1891. 

Chapter  II 22 

Geology.  —  Rock  Formations  —  Unstratified  or  Igneous  Rocks— Stratified  Rocks  — 
Formations  in  Maine— Age  of  Ice— Glacial  Drift— Lower  and  Upper  Till— Cliamplain 
Period— Modified  Drift— Surface  Geology— Drift  Period— Beach  and  Terrace  Periods, 
etc.— Montalban  or  White  Mountain  Formation— Tourmalines  and  Associate  Minerals- 
Pratt's  Cave — Gneiss — Mica  Schist — Saccharoid  Azoic  Limestone — Dunes,  etc.       * 

Chapter  III. 32 

The  Androscoggin  River. — Williamson's  Description  — Piiysical  and  Geological 
Features— Drainage  District— Altitudes— Principal  Tributaries  in  this  County — Water- 
Powers. 

Chapter  IV. 44 

Aboriginal  Tribes  and  History. — (By  J.  G.  Elder). 

Chapter  V 49 

Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.— The  Cabots— Mary  of  Guilford— English  Claims— 
Norumbega— Bartholomew  Gosnold  and  Other  Discoverers— Acadia — French  Claims 
and  Occupancy — Captain  Weymouth— Grants  by  James  I— North  Virginia— Plymouth 
Company— Captain  John  Smith— New  England— Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  Captain 
John  Mason— Province  of  Maine— Laconia— First  English  Settlements— Kennebec  and 
Other  Patents— Plymouth  Council— The  Twelve  Grand  Divisions— Resignation  of  Ply- 
mouth Patent— William  Gorges— New  Patent  of  Maine— Gorgeana— Settlement  under 
Gorges — Massachusetts  Claims  and  Proprietorship. 

Chapter  VI. 56 

The  Pejepscot  Claim  (By  J.  G.  Elder).— Thomas  Purchase— Purchase  and  Way's 
Patent— Assignment  to  Governor  Winthrop— Richard  Wharton— The  Six  Indian  Saga- 
mores' Deed — Pejepscot  Proprietors— Definition  of  Territory. 

Chapter  VII 64 

Early  Settlements. — Early  Settlements  in  Androscoggin  Valley — After  the  Revo- 
lution—Population from  1780  to  1800 — Commencement  of  the  Nineteenth  Century — 
Effects  of  the  War  of  1812— Severity  of  Climate— The  Cold  Year— Improvement  in  Con- 
dition— Changes  and  Progress  in  Agriculture — Development  and  Change— Manufact- 
uring. 


vi  Contents. 


Chapter  VIII 69 

The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County. — (By  II.  E.  Walter). 

Chapter   IX 94 

Mail  Uodtes,  Railroads,  and  Post-offices.— Early  MailRoutes— Staging— Railroads- 
Post-offices  and  Postmasters. 

Chapter  X.  105 

Military  Affairs.— Maine  Regiments  in  the  Civil  War— The  Soldiers  of  Androscoggin 
Countj'— The  Grand  Army  Posts  and  Associate  Bodies. 

Chapter  XI 183 

Bates  College. — (By  Rev.  James  Albert  Howe,  D.D.). — Difficulties  in  Founding  a 
College  in  New  England.  Raison  d'etre:  Denominational  Need — Co-education — Indigent 
Students — Local  Support— General  Public.  The  Beginning  of  the  College:  The  Maine  State 
Seminary— Organization  of  the  College — Au  Honored  Name — Other  Details — The  Terms  of 
Admission — First  Faculty — College  and  Seminary  Separated — The  Latin  School — Cobb 
Divinity  School— Faculty — Courses  of  Study.  Growth  of  the  College — Storm  and  Stress — 
Relief— Benefactors  and  Benefactions — The  Equipment  of  the  College — The  Gymnasiixm — 
The  Libraries — The  Cabinet — Instructors  and  Instruction — Characteristic  Features:  Co-edu- 
cation— Open  Societies — Needy  Students  Helped — Forensics — Prizes — Outside  Lectures — 
Morals  and  Religion— Interest  of  the  Faculty  in  Students— The  Alumni— Alumni  Asso- 
ciations. 

Chapter  XII 208 

Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies. 

Chapter  XIII 281 

The  Press  of  Androscoggin— County  Medical  Association  — The  Grange— Women's  Chris- 
tian Temperance  Union. 

Chapter  XIV 300 

National,  State,  and  County  Officers.— United  States  Senators— Representatives  in 
Congress— State  Officers— Representatives  to  the  Massachusetts  Legislature— Members  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1819— State  Senators— Members  of  Maine  Legislature- 
Clerks  of  Court— County  Attorneys— Sheriffs— Judges  of  Probate— Registers  of  Probate- 
County  Treasurers— County  Commissioners— Registers  of  Deeds. 

(Chapter  XV 307 

The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.— The  Courts- Supreme  Judicial  Court— Probate 
and  Insolvent  Courts— Court  of  County  Commissioners— Auburn  Municipal  Court— Lew- 
iston  Municipal  Court— County  Buildings— The  Little  Family— Bench  and  Bar. 

CITIES   AND  TOWNS.-EASTERN   DIVISION. 

LEWISTON.-(By  J.  G.  Elder). 
Chapter  XVI 343 

The  Town.     Situation,  Extent,  Natural   Features,  Products,  etc.— Conditions  of 
Grant— Pioneer  Settlers— Incorporation— Growth— Civil  List. 


Contents.  vii 


Chapter  XVII 357 

Ecclesiastical  History — Church  Organizations — Schools. 

Chapter  XVIII 382 

Saw  and  Grist  Mills^Lewiston  Falls  Water-Power  Co. — R.  C.  Pingree  &  Co. — Read, 
Small  &  Co. — Barker's  Mills — Other  Mills — Lewiston  Falls  Manufacturing  Co. — The  First 
Cotton  Mill — Lewiston  Water-Power  Co. — Franklin  Co. — Lincoln  Mill— Bates  Manufact- 
uring Company — Hill  Manufacturing  Co. — Androscoggin  Mill — Continental  Mills— The 
Lewiston  Mill — Avon  Mill — Lewiston  Bleachery — Cowan  Woolen  Co. — Cumberland  Mill — 
Union  Water-Power  Co.  —  Lewiston  Machine  Co.  —  Gay- Woodman  Co.  —  Jordan,  Frost 
&  Co. — Lewiston  Bobbin  Shoii— H.  H.  Dickey  &  Son — Lewiston  Monumental  Works — Other 
Manufactures. 

Chapter  XIX 395 

Railroads — County  and  State  Agricultural  Societies — Fire  Department — Lewiston  Gas 
Light  Co.— Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Library  Association — Lewiston  City  Buildings — 
City  Park — Soldiers'  Monument — Lewiston  Water  Works — Lewiston  &  Auburn  Horse  Rail- 
road—First National  Bank — Manufacturers  National  Bank — Androscoggin  County  Savings 
Bank — People's  Savings  Bank^Board  of  Trade — Central  Maine  General  Hospital — French 
Hospital — Y.  M.  C.  A. — Nealey  Rifles — Frye  Light  Guards — Associations. 

Chapter  XX 406 

Physicians — Merchants — Business  Interests — Personal  Sketches — Resume. 

LISBON.— (By  Asa  P.  Moore,  Esq.). 
Chapter  XXI 433 

Early  Boundaries — Petitions — Town  of  Bowdoin — Incorporation  of  Thompsonborough — 
Situation,  Limits,  and  Formation — Surface  and  Soil — Description— Old  Houses— Education — 
Occupation  of  First  Settlers — Early  History  —  Other  Settlers  and  Descendants  —  Early 
Mills  —  War  of  1812 — Physicians  —  First  Town  Meeting  of  Thompsonborough  —  School 
Districts  —  Extracts  from  Town  Records — Action  in  the  Civil  War — Civil  List. 

Chapter  XXII 450 

Religious  Societies — Free  Baptists — Congregationalists — Universalists — IVIethodists—  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Lisbon  Falls — The  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

Chapter  XXIII 456 

Lisbon  Business  Interests — Traders,  etc. — Farwell's  Cotton  Mills— The  Farnsworth  Co. — 
New  England  Mineral  Paint  Co. — Personal  Sketches — Lisbon  Falls — Worumbo  Manu- 
facturing Co. — The  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Co. — Lisbon  Falls  Fibre  Co. — Lisbon  Falls 
Cooperative  Association — Lisbon  Falls  Creamery  Association — Merchants,  etc. — Personal 
Sketches. 

WEBSTER. 
Chapter  XXIV 468 

Incorporation — Elevations,  Ponds,  and  Streams — Grants,  Surveys,  and  Soil — Settlers — 
Early  Roads — Some  First  Things — Early  Values — First  Magistrates — Lawyers — Physicians — 
Other  Settlers  and  Descendants — First  Town  Meeting  and  Excerpts  from  Town  Records — 
Webster  in  the  Civil  War — Civil  List. 


viii  Contents. 


Chapter  XXV 477 

Sabattus  — Saw  and  Grist  Mills  — Niles's  Mills  — Webster  M^oolen  Co.  — Traders,  etc.— 
Sabattus  CcxJperative  Association— Webster  Corner— Farmers— Churches— Schools. 

WALES.— (By  John  C.  Fogg,  Esq.). 

Chapter  XXVI 485 

Organization- Surface  and  Soil— Settlements  and  Settlers— Churches— Schools— Mills 
and  Manufactures— Civil  List  and  Town  Records— Action  in  the  Kebellion. 

GREENE. 
Chapter  XXVII 499 

Area— Boundaries— Elevations— Ponds— Soil— Productions— The  First  Settlers— Petition 
for  Incorporation— Remonstrance  Against  Incorporation— Incorporation— Development  of 
Business— Pearly  Conveyances— Valuation  and  Residents  in  1818— Lots  and  Occupants  in 
1820— Gleanings  from  Town  Records — Early  Action  Concerning  Schools. 

Chapter  XXVIII 511 

Settlers  and  Descendants. 

Chapter  XXIX 529 

Baptist  Church — First  Meeting-House— First  Church  Bell — Universalism — Free  Baptist 
Church  —Methodists — Adventists— Schools  and  Teachers — Temperance — Revolution — War 
of  1812 — Madawaska  War— Rebellion — Centennial—  Longevity — Burying  Grounds — Physi- 
cians— Orcliardiiig  and  Orchardists— Merchants — Some  Smart  Things  Done  by  Greene  Men- 
Natives  of  Greene  Attaining  Prominence — Civil  List. 

LEEDS. 
Chapter  XXX 550 

Boundaries— Formation-Surface  and  Soil— Dead  River— Its  Peculiarities— Indian  Vil- 
lage—Thomas and  Roger  Stinchfield— Early  Settlers— Heads  of  Families  in  the  First  Part 
of  this  Century— Character  of  the  Early  Settlers— Soldiers  of  the  Revolutionary  War  and 
War  of  1812— Early  Roads. 

Chapter  XXXI 557 

Excerpts  from  Town  Records— First  Town  Meeting— First  Officers— Action  in  the  Civil 
War— Civil  List. 

Chapter  XXXII. 562 

The  First  Baptist  Church  — Universalism  — Methodism  — The  First  Freewill  Baptist 
Church— The  Quakers— Schools— Temperance— Mills— Other  Industries— Sketches. 

EAST  LIVERMORE.— (By  Cyrus  Knapp,  Esq.). 

Chapter  XXXIII 584 

Incorporation— Topography— Li vermore  Falls  — Early  Mills  — Freshet— Early  Business 
Places  and  Residences— Advent  of  the  Railroad— Hotels  and  Stores— Dr  Millett  and  Lawyer 
Knapp  — Toll  Bridge  — Railroad  Extension  — Mills  and  Manufacturing  — Churches  — I.  O. 
G.  T.— Camp-Ground— Physicians— Lawyers— Civil  List— Personal  Sketches. 


Contents.  ix 


CITIES   AND  TOWNS-WESTERN   DIVISION. 

AUBURN. 

Chapter  XXXIV 599 

Auburn— Indian  Occupancy— Territory — Title— Surface— Soil— Early  Settlers  and  Lots  — 
Incorporation— Action  and  Growth— Goff's  Corner — Early  Settlements— Stores  and  Trad- 
ers— The  Carpet  Factory — First  Teacher— First  Hotel — Increase  in  Values— Business  Houses 
in  1851— Formation  of  Androscoggin  County— The  Great  Fire— Auburn  Village  Corporation- 
Auburn  Village  in  1859— East  Auburn— West  Auburn— North  Auburn— Stevens  Mills— New 
Auburn. 

Chapter  XXXV 611 

City  of  Auburn. — Its  Growth  and  Prosperity — Extracts  from  Official  Reports,  etc. — 
Statistics — Action  in  the  Rebellion — Civil  List. 

Chapter  XXXVI 027 

Early  Shoe  Manufacturing— Progress  from  1800  to  1870 — Manufacturers  Twenty  Years 
Ago— Statistics  from  1871  to  1881— Manufacturers  Ten  Years  Ago— From  1881  to  1891— Shoe 
and  Other  Manufactories,  January,  1891 — The  Shoe  Companies — Other  Manufacturing — 
Minor  Industries,  etc. 

Chapter  XXXVII 642 

Auburn  Bank — First  National  Bank — Auburn  Savings  Bank — National  Shoe  and  Leather 
Bank — Mechanics  Savings  Bank — American  Banking  and  Trust  Co. — Auburn  Trust  Co. — 
Municipal  Court — Board  of  Trade — Maine  Benefit  Association — Auburn  Loan  and  Building 
Association — Androscoggin  Land  Association — Lake  Auburn  Fish  Protective  Association — 
Auburn  Aqueduct  Co.  —  Little  Androscoggin  Water- Power  Co.  —  Lewiston  and  Auburn 
Electric  Light  Co. — Physicians — Leading  Traders — Merchants  and  Business  Men — Organ- 
izations. 

Chapter  XXXVIIT 657 

Universalist  Churches  —  Congregational  Churches  —  Baptist  Churches  —  Free  Baptist 
Church — Methodist  Episcopal  Churches — Episcopal  Church — Y.  M.  C.  A. — Schools — Ladies' 
Charitable  Society — Auburn  Art  Club — Associated  Charities — Public  Library. 

DANVILLE.— (By  George  Thomas  Little). 

Chapter  XXXIX 691 

Municipal  Affairs — Civil  List — Settlement  and  Social  Life,  etc. — Matters  Ecclesiastical. 

Chapter  XL 703 

Educational  History  and  Lewiston  Falls  Academy — Biographical. 

POLAND. 
Chapter  XLI 716 

Bakerstown. — Grant  of — First  Location — Origin  of  Name — Proprietors  of — "A  Town- 
ship Lost" — The  New  Grant — First  Division  of  Lots — Action  of  Proprietors — Settlers  and 
Improvements  in  1783— Petit'on  of  Settlers,  1785  —  Bridgham  &  Glover  Purchase  —  Liti- 
gation— Final  Settlement  and  Award  to  Little. 


Contents. 


Chapter  XLII 725 

Incorporation— Surface  and  Soil— Early  Settlers— Hackett's  Mills— Poland  Corner— West 
Poland— Early  Traders,  etc.— Early  Taverns— South  Poland— Poland  Spring— Mechanic 
Falls— Paper-Making— Poland  Paper  Company— Other  Business  Interests— Mechanic  Falls 
Ledger — Physicians,  etc. 

Chapter  XLIII 7il 

Congregational  Churches— Universalist  Church— Methodist  Episcopal  Church— Freewill 
Baptist  Churches— Adventism— Shakers— Baptist  Church— Gleanings  from  Town  Records- 
Civil  List. 

MINOT. 
Chapter  XLIV 757 

Incorporation — Boundaries — Name— Physical  Features,  Soil,  Population  and  Valuation — 
First  Settler— Captain  Daniel  Bucknam  and  Descendants— Early  and  Other  Settlers— Voters 
of  1800. 

Chapter  XLV 768 

Town  Records,  Happenings,  etc. — Minot  in  the  War— Civil  List— Churches — Schools — 
Physicians. 

Chapter  XLVI 779 

Mechanic  Falls — Minot  Corner  —  West  Minot  —  Some  of  Minot's  Principal  Farmers 
from  1840. 

DURHAM. 

Chapter  XLVII 791 

Derivation  of  Name — Boundaries — Surface  and  Soil — Royalsborough — First  Plantation 
Meeting — Extracts  from  Plantation  Records — Plantation  Committees — Incorporation  of 
Durham — First  Town  Meeting — Extracts  from  Town  Records — War  of  1812 — Rebellion — 
Civil  List. 

Chapter  XLVIII 796 

Prominent  Early  and  Other  Settlers  — Congregational  Church — First  Free  Baptist 
Church  — Quakers  — Methodist  Episcopal  Church  —  Baptist  Church  — Universalists  — Tem- 
perance— Centennial — Growth  and  Prosperity — Hotels,  Traders,  etc. 

TURNER. 

Chapter  XLIX 806 

Boundaries— Township  Granted— Sylvester-Cauada—Names  of  Proprietors— Descrip- 
tion—Attempts  at  Settlement— Pioneer  and  Other  Settlers— Inhabitants  in  1780—1790— 
1800 — Town  Annals,  etc. 

Chapter  L 815 

County  Roads  and  Taverns— Industries,  Traders,  etc.— Tu'uer  Village— Turner  Centre- 
North  Turner— Keen's  Mills— Chase's  Mills— Bridges— Civi,'  List. 


Contents.  xi 


Chapter  LI 825 

Ecclesiastical — Congregationalism  —  The  Baptists  —  Universalism — Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  —  Meeting-Houses  —  Schools  —  Temperance  —  Physicians  —  Lawyers  —  Centennial  — 
Something  About  Some  of  the  People. 

LIVERMORE. 

Chapter  LII. 842 

Situation— Soil — Incorporation — First  Meeting  and  Names  of  Proprietors — Extracts  from 
Proprietors'  Records— Something  Concerning  the  Earliest  Settlers — Early  Boundaries — 
What  Paul  Coffin  Writes  of  the  People — Other  Settlers,  etc. 

Chapter  LIII 856 

Excerpts  from  Town  Records— Early  Mills— Early  Traders  and  Tradesmen — Livermore 
Village— North  Livermore — Livermore  Centre  —  Farmers  —  Revolutionary  Soldiei's — Early 
Militia — War  of  1812 — Civil  War — Ecclesiastical — Physicians  and  Lawyers — Education— The 
Norlands — Washburn  Memorial  Library — Civil  List. 

Appendix — Knights  of  Pythias 873 


ILLUSTRATIONS    AND    BIOGRAPHIES. 


PAGE 

Lewiston  City  Hall,  189L Frontispiece. 

Hathorn  Hall, 183 

Cobb  Divinity  School, 191 

Hedge  Laboratory,             200 

Edward  Little,  Esq 310 

Hon.  Josiah  Little,            313 

Hon.  Edward  T.  Little,            315 

Hon.  Nahum  Morrill, 320 

Hon.  W.  W.  Bolster, 322 

Hon.  William  P.  Frye,  LL.D., 327 

Col.  Franklin  M.  Drew, 330 

Hon.  Albert  R.  Savage,            334 

The  First  City  Hall  of  Lewiston 343 

Hon.  Alonzo  Garcelon,  A.M.,  M.D., 420 

Hon.  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr.,  A.M.,  LL.D 422 

Oren  B.  Cheney,  D.D 426 

Hon.  J.  L.  H.  Cobb, 429 

Cyrus  I.  Barker 432 


xii  Contents. 

Hon.  William  D.  Pennell 432  b 

Hon.  Augustus  Sprague, 544 

Gen.  Aaron  S.  Daggett, 546 

Capt.  Jabez  Pratt 548 

Hon.  Leavitt  Lothrop, 576 

Giddings  Lane, 577 

Isaac  Boothby,  Jr., 579 

F.  D.  Millett, 580 

Isaiah  B.  Additon,            582 

Albion  Ricker  Millett,  M.D., 596 

Residence  of  Charles  L.  Cushman, 599 

Court  Street  Factory  of  Ara  Cushman  Co., 634 

Edwanl  Little  High  School, G76 

Ara  Cushman, 684 

Residence  of  Ara  Cushman, 686 

William  W.  Stetson,  Ph.D.,            688 

Albert  M.  Penley 690a 

Hon.  Adna  C.  Denison, 754 

Josiah  A.  Bucknam, 788 


SOMETHING   ABOUT   SOME    OF   THE    PEOPLE. 


PAGE 

Hon.  James  Lowell, 415 

Col.  John  M.  Frye,            415 

Maj.  William  R.  Frye 415 

Edward  P.  Tobie 416 

Capt.  Daniel  Holland, 416 

John  Read,  Esq., 417 

Hon.  Jacob  B,  Ham, 417 

Prof.  Thomas  H.  Rich,  A.M., 418 

I!enj.  E.  Bates, 428 

Arcliie  Lee  Talbot, 432  c 

Hon.  Jesse  Davis 458 

James  Maxwell 473 

Samuel  Simmons 473 

Rev.  Moses  H.  Harris,  A.M.,  D.D., 5J8 

Rev.  Herbert  Lee  Stetson,  D.D.,            52o 


Contents.  xiii 


Hon.  Elijah  Barrell 524 

Alfred  Pierce,  M.D. 525 

The  Howards, 572 

Rev.  Samuel  Boothby, 575 

Capt.  Ezekiel  Treat 597 

Jacob  H.  Roak 628 

Rev.  James  Drummond, 664 

Rev.  A.  S.  Ladd,      _ 672 

James  Goff, 679 

Daniel  Briggs, 679 

John  Dingley, (iSO 

Nathan  Haskell, 681 

Capt.  Aaron  Bird, 681 

Col.  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll, 681 

David  R.  Loring, 682 

Col.  Thomas  Llttlefield,            683 

Andrevr  Robinson  Giddinge, 713 

Capt.  John  Penley 715 

Hon.  Josiah  Dunn,            727 

Daniel  W.  True 730 

The  Rickers, 735 

Dr.  Moses  R.  Pulsifer, 740 

Rev.  Zenas  Thompson 745 

Luther  Perkins, 756 

Capt.  Daniel  Bucknam, 758 

Samuel  Verrill, 762 

Capt.  William  Ladd 763 

Eliab  Washburn 764 

Capt.  Jacob  Dwinal, •        .        .        .        .  781 

Gideon  Bearce, 787 

Jacob  Leavitt, *8t58^ 

Ichabod  Bonney 810 

Benjamin  Conant, 812 

Rev.  Charles  Turner, .825 

Col.  William  Turner 825 

Rev.  John  Strickland 826 

Rev.  William  E.  French,  A.M.,  D.D.,            830 

Rev.  Madison  K.  Mabry, 831 

Ezekiel  Bradford, 835 

Major  General  Alden  Blossom, 836 


xiv  Contents. 

David  Hale, 836 

Hon.  Eugene  Hale, 836 

Hon.  Job  Prince 837 

Hon.  Rufus  Prince, 837 

Solon  Chase 838 

Hon.  Jesse  Drew, .  840 

Deacon  Elijah  Livermore, 845 

Lieut.  Samuel  Benjamin, 845 

Gen.  David  Learned, 847 

The  Monroe  Brothers, 849 

Hastings  Strickland 850 

Nathaniel  Perley 852 

The  Washburns 853 

Dr.  Cyrus  Hamlin 868 

Dr.  Benjamin  Bradford, 868 

Hon.  Timothy  O.  Howe, 869 


HISTORY 


OF 


ANDROSCOGGIN  COUNTY, 


MAINE, 


CHAPTER  I. 

THE   COUNTY   OF   ANDROSCOGGIN. 

Territory — Organization — Towns  Included— Name^Location  and  Area — Agriculture, 
Population,  and  Valuation  —  Manufactures  and  Wealth  —  Census  Statistics  —  Financial  Con- 
dition from  Organization  —  State  Tax,  1890  and  1891. 

THE  territory  of  Androscoggin  county  was  comprised  first  in  York  county. 
Cumberland  and  Lincoln  counties  were  formed  June  19,  1760,  the 
boundary  between  them  being  the  Androscoggin  river  "north  of  where 
it  enters  the  county  as  now  bounded  on  the  south."  Kennebec  county  was 
organized  from  the  northern  part  of  Lincoln,  February  20,  1799,  with  East 
Livermore,  Greene,  Leeds,  and  Wales  in  its  limits.  Oxford  county  was 
created  March  4,  1805,  from  the  northern  part  of  Cumberland  and  York,  and 
Livermore  and  Turner  were  incorporated  with  it.  When  Androscoggin  county 
was  organized,  March  18,  1854,  it  acquired  its  territory  from  Cumberland, 
Kennebec,  Oxford,  and  Lincoln  counties.  Auburn,  Danville,  Durham,  Minot, 
and  Poland  were  taken  from  Cumberland;  East  Livermore,  Greene,  Leeds, 
and  Wales  from  Kennebec;  Lewiston,  Lisbon,  and  Webster  from  Lincoln; 
Livermore  and  Turner  from  Oxford.  Many  of  these  towns  have  had  a  cor- 
porate existence  for  years,  some  of  them  antedating  the  Revolution.  The 
name  of  the  principal  river  of  the  county  was  appropriately  given  to  the  new 
organization. 1 

1  Androscoggin,  acco'-aug  to  one  authority,  comes   from  the   Algonquin  Am-a-ra-skah-gin,  the 

turbi'l  -j^-jaKrAing,  crooked  nake.     This  later  became  Amerascoggin,  Amoscoggin,  and  Androscoggin. 

Captain  John  Smith  in  l(i}.called  the  river  Aumouchawgan.    Another  authority  derives  Amoscoggin 


18  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Androscoggin  county  lies  between  43°  50'  and  44°  30'  north  latitude,  and 
69°  45'  and  70°  30'  longitude  west  of  Greenwich.  It  is  irregular  in  form,  has 
its  greatest  lengtli  from  north  to  south,  and  occupies  an  area  of  about  four 
hundred  square  miles.  The  Androscoggin  river  flows  through  the  county 
in  a  southerly  direction,  dividing  it  into  two  nearly  equal  parts,  and  with 
its  tributaries  affords  magnificent  water-power  for  manufacturing  purposes. 
Originally  the  surface  of  the  county  was  covered  with  a  mighty  growth  of 
pine  and  other  valuable  timber,  and  lumbering  was  the  piincipal  employment. 
As  the  forests  disappeared  agriculture  became  the  business  of  the  people,  and, 
as  the  soil  was  unsurpassed  in  the  southern  half  of  the  state,  prosperity 
attended  their  labors.  The  development  of  the  water-powers  and  the  attrac- 
tion of  capital  to  manufacturing  enterprises  has  caused  an  outlay  of  millions 
of  dollars  in  these  industries  in  the  last  forty  years,  and  many  more  people  and 
much  more  capital  is  employed  in  manufactures  than  in  all  other  branches  of 
business.  In  consequence  of  this  development  the  growth  has  been  rapid. 
In  1860  the  county  had  29,715  inhabitants;  in  1870,  35,826;  in  1880,  44,967 
in  1890,  48,968. 

Population  and  Valuation  hif  Towns.  — 1850.  Auburn,  population,  2,840 
valuation,  $400,605.  Danville,  1,636;  $308,715.  Durham,  1,894;  $376,358 
East  Livermore,  892;  $150,035.  Greene,  1,347;  $220,984.  Leeds,  1,652 
$225,330.  Lewiston,  3,854 ;  $580,420.  Lisbon,  1,494 ;  $263,167.  Livermore 
1,764;  $271,634.  Minot,  1,734  ;  $297,184.  Poland,  2,660  ;  $333,108.  Wales 
612;  $111,632.  Webster,  1,110;  $194,439.  Total  population,  25,746 ;  valua- 
tion, $4,152,503. 

1860.  Auburn,  5,344;  $1,224,070.  Durham,  1,620;  $459,376.  East 
Livermore,  1,029;  $301,702.  Greene,  1,224;  $338,402.  Lewiston,  7,424; 
$2,426,374.  Lisbon,  1,376;  $404,016.  Leeds,  1,390;  $333,035.  Livermore, 
1,597;  $430,779.  Minot,  1,799;  $546,581.  Poland,  2,746  ;  $517,671.  Turner, 
2,682;  $748,218.     Wales,  602;  $188,642.     Webster,  890;  $312,015. 

1870.  Auburn,  6,169;  $2,918,101.  Durham,  1,350;  $482,861.  East 
Livermore,  1,004;  $388,680.  Greene,  1,094;  $439,629.  Lewiston,  13,000; 
$8,813,629.  Lisbon,  2,014;  $741,092.  Leeds,  1,288;  $456,348.  Livermore, 
1,467;  $524,267.  Minot,  1,569;  i!610,511.  Poland,  2,436  ;  $765,960.  Turner, 
2,380;  $815,684.     Wales,  556;  $229,359.     Webster,  939;  $406,434. 

1880.  Auburn,  9,555;  $5,099,446.  Durham,  1,253  ;  $422,724.  East  Liver- 
more, 1,080;  $344,092.  Greene,  999;  $394,260.  Lewiston,  19,083;  $9,521,103. 
Lisbon,  2,641;  $1,115,760.  Leeds,  1,194;  $415,486.  Livermore,  1,262;  $430,- 
709.  Minot,  1,763;  $720,549.  Poland,  2,442;  $920,057.  Turner,  2,285; 
$748,856.     Wales,  505;  $198,578.     Webster,  980;  $445,353. 

from  Jiamura,  fish;  kank-skow-he-fjan,  spearing— fish  spearing.  Others  stil  -^ay  Amoscoggin  means 
"fish  coming  in  the  spring."  The  name  of  the  river,  Androscoggin,  was  "-^  ^Pplied  i^'oneAfl^a- 
gunticook  Indians,  wliose  headquarters  at  tliat  time  was  in  this  valley. 


The  County  of  Androscoggin.  19 


1890.  Auburn,  11,250;  $6,195,750.  Durham,  1,111;  $378,240.  East 
Livermore,  1,506  ;  $498,740.  Greene,  885  ;  $329,583.  Leeds,  999  ;  $331,006. 
Lewiston,  21,701 ;  $12,144,494.  Lisbon,  3,120  ;  $1,^36,411.  Livermore,  1,151 ; 
$458,925.    Minot,  1,355;  $752,146.    Poland,  2,472;  $1,133,890.    Turner,  2,016  ; 

$764,215.     Wales,  488;  $206,570.     Webster,  914 -;  $432,447. 

The  number  of  manufacturing  establishments  in  1880  was  253,  having  a 
capital  of  $12,009,562  and  employing  an  average  of  10,214  hands,  aud  with  an 
annual  product  of  $14,789,963,  while  the  assessed  valuation  of  the  real  estate 
of  the  county  was  but  $17,265,353,  which,  with  $3,511,620  valuation  of  personal 
property,  makes  the  total  valuation  $20,776,973,  not  quite  one  and  one-half 
times  the  annual  output  of  the  manufactories. 

In  1880  Androscoggin  county  had  2,981  farms  with  244,781  acres  of  land, 
of  which  159,937  acres  were  improved,  69,900  acres  in  woodland  and  forest, 
and  14,934  acres  were  unimproved.  The  aggregate  value  of  these  farms  was 
$6,119,332,  including  land,  fences,  and  buildings ;  of  farming  implements  and 
machinery,  $286,974 ;  live  stock,  $703,680 ;  estimated  value  of  farm  products, 
$1,207,634.  Tliese  farms  yielded,  according  to  the  census  of  1880,  9,057 
bushels  of  barley,  2,074  bushels  of  buckwheat,  79,778  bushels  of  Indian  corn, 
99,523  bushels  of  oats,' 1,152  bushels  of  rye,  14,795  bushels  of  wheat,  245,696 
bushels  of  potatoes,  65,297  pounds  of  wool,  4,529  pounds  of  hops,  9,091  bushels 
of  beans,  50,574  tons  of  hay,  354,274  dozens  of  eggs,  3,368  pounds  of  honey, 
519,163  gallons  of  milk,  776,062  pounds  of  butter,  149,069  pounds  of  cheese, 
and  $95,188  in  orchard  products.  The  live  stock  numbered  4,236  horses, 
1,869  working  oxen,  8,733  milch  cows,  5,907  other  cattle,  13,160  sheep,  and 
5,191  swine. 

The  financial  condition  of  the  county,  as  given  by  the  annual  statement  of 
the  county  treasurer,  is  here  presented. 

In  1854  the  receipts  were  $5,782.50  ($2,000  a  loan  from  Cumberland 
Bank).  The  expenses  were  $3,679.25.  In  1855  $8,000  taxes  were  assessed 
on  towns;  licenses  granted,  $120;  fines  and  costs  collected,  $554.60;  jury 
fees,  $126  ;  lawyers'  admission  fees,  $40.  The  bills  allowed  this  year  included 
October  term  (1854),  $187.25;  April  term  (1855),  $873.74;  October  term 
(1855),  $3,348.75.  The  sheriff's  bills  were  $502.25  ;  jury  fees,  $2,443.31  ;  con- 
stables' fees,  $147.  The  county  paid  the  loan  of  $2,000  made  in  1854  and 
borrowed  $3,227.75.  1856. — Taxes  assessed,  $10,000  ;  licenses  granted,  $100  ; 
county  fines  and  costs,  $274;  fines  by  magistrates,  $86.71;  jury  fees,  $91; 
attorneys'  admission,  fees,  $100.  The  county  commissioners  issued  bonds  of 
$80,000,  bearing  six  per  cent,  interest,  to  cover  cost  of  erecting  the  county 
buildings.  1857. — Liabilities:  Temporary  loans,  $7,121.61 ;  allowances  by  the 
several  courts  unpaid,  $2,951.46 ;  balance  due  treasurer  on  settlement,  $457.80; 
bonds    sold,  $87,300.      Resourees:    Unpaid    taxes,  $4,923.31;    unsold  bonds, 


20  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


$2,253.18;  due  from  state,  1815.60.  1SF>S.—Liahimes:  Bonds,  $100,000; 
loans,  $5,075;  allowances  by  court  unpaid,  $1,228.55.  Resources:  Cash, 
11,386.45;  unpaid  taxes,  $4,957.05.  1859.— Liahaifies:  Bonds,  $100,000; 
loans,  $3,000  ;  court  allowances,  $1,729.14.  Resources :  Cash,  $1,645.14 ;  taxes, 
$3,260.89.  18m.— Liabilities:  Bonds,  $100,000;  loans,  $2,600;  court  allow- 
ances, $956.58.     Resources:   Cash,  $1,405.75;    unpaid  taxes,  $2,646.24. 

imi.—LiahlUties:  Bonds,  $100,000;  loans,  $4,125;  court  allowances, 
$935.95.  Resources:  Unpaid  taxes,  $1,983.80  ;  cash,  $937.31.  18Q2.—LiaUli- 
ties:  Bonds,  $99,000  ;  loans,  $5,095  ;  court  allowances,  $1,115.98.  Resources: 
Taxes,  $2,673.30;  cash,  $2,284.  186S.—LiahiUties:  Bonds,  $97,500;  loans, 
$6,475;  court  allowances,  $1,657.69.  Resources:  Taxes,  $3,871.01;  cash, 
$2,085.01.  1864:.—LiaMlities:  Bonds,  $96,100 ;  loans,  $9,810 ;  bills,  $951.93. 
Resources:  Taxes,  $6,856.88;  cash,  $3,721.12.  186b.—LiahiUties:  Bonds 
(county  buildings),  $94,600;  bonds  (for  purchase  of  toll-bridge),  $7,500; 
loans,  $1,327.  Resources:  Taxes,  $1,347.18  ;  cash,  $4,313.22.  186Q.— Liabili- 
ties: Bonds  (county  buildings),  $93,000  ;  toll-bridge,  $6,200  ;  loans,  $1,932.96  ; 
bills,  $2,329.16.  Resources:  Taxes,  $2,957.85;  cash,  $245.93 ;  due  (from  sale 
of  toll-house  and  lot),  $600.  1867. — Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings), 
$91,300;  toll-bridge  bonds,  $4,850;  loans,  $12,039.27;  bills,  $3,783.38.  Re- 
sources: Taxes,  $3,626.30;  cash,  $1,269.90;  due  (from  sale  of  toll-house  and 
lot),  $450;  rent  due,  $60.  1868. — Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings), 
$89,500;  bonds  for  toll-bridge,  $3,750;  loans  and  interest,  $8,704.81 ;  claims 
and  salaries,  $2,981.33.  Resources:  Cash,  $274.39;  due  (from  sale  of  toll- 
house and  lot),  $317.25;  rent,  $60.  18Q9.— Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  build- 
ings), $87,600  ;  toll-bridge,  $2,100;  loans  and  estimated  interest,  $400;  bills 
and  salaries,  $2,459.73.,  Resources:  Cash,  $1,058.68;  due  (on  toll-house), 
$149.25.  1810.— Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  $85,600;  loans  and 
interest,  $21,928.73;  claims  and  salaries,  $895.37.     Resources:   $1,671.55. 

1871. — Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  $83,500;  loans  and  interest, 
$12,596.11;  claims  and  salaries,  $990.02.  Resources:  Taxes,  $54.39;  cash, 
$416.56.  1812.— Liabilities :  Bonds  (county  buildings),  $81,300;  loans  and 
interest,  $2,306.11:  claims  and  salaries,  $893.60.  Resources:  Cash,  $2,623.41. 
1873. — Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  $79,000;  loans  and  interest, 
$3,938.52;  claims  and  salaries,  $1,605.50.  Resources:  Cash,  $126.08;  due 
(from  Auburn  and  Lewiston  Ixailroad),  $54.80.  1874. — Liabilities:  Bonds 
(county  buildings),  $76,600  ;  loans  and  interest,  $10,699.44 ;  fees  and  salaries, 
$1,900.64.  Resources:  Cash,  $176.22;  due  (from  labor  of  prisoners),  $360. 
1875.  —  Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  $74,100;  loans  and  hiterest, 
$32,331;  fees  and  salaries,  $2,898.73.  Resources:  Cash,  $6,027.57;  due  (from 
other  counties),  $367.42;  other  debts,  $170.90;  stock,  shoes,  tools,  and 
machinery  in  workshop,  $7,544.06.  181 Q.— Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  build- 
ings),  $71,500;    loans    and    interest,  $33,052;    fees    and   salaries,    $4,705.66. 


The  County  of  Androscoggin.  21 

Resources:  Cash,  11,986.50;  stock,  shoes,  tools,  and  machinery,  19,598.51; 
due  (from  stock  and  shoes  sold),  -1903.55.  1877. — .LiabiUties:  Bonds  (county 
buildings),  168,800 ;  loans  and  interest,  -134,263.35 ;  fees  and  salaries, 
-f  2,478.48.  Resources:  Cash,  -'$1,761.85;  taxes, -1517.80  ;  stock,  tools,  machinery, 
etc.,  -|>6,300;  due  (for  goods  sold),  -f 279.48.  1818.— LiabiUties:  Bonds  (county 
buildings),  -|>66,000  ;  loans  and  interest,  -f  37,963.54  ;  fees  and  salaries,  -11,184.20. 
Resources:  Cash,  -11,417.46;  taxes,  -1767.72;  stock,  machinery,  etc.,  -15,724.28; 
due  (for  goods  sold),  -1651.83.  1879. — Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings), 
-163,100 ;  five  per  cent,  bonds  (1879),  -140,000 ;  fees  and  salaries,  $1,362.39. 
Resources :  Cash,  -16,994.76  ;  taxes,  -1263.70 ;  stock,  machinery,  etc.,  -f4,352.93  ; 
due  (for  goods  sold),  -t622.97.  1880.— Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings), 
160,100;  bonds  of  1879,  -140,000;  fees  and  salaries,  1824.18.  Resources: 
Cash,  -t7,522.11;  stock,  machinery,  etc.,  $2,424.09;  goods  sold,  -1412.34; 
taxes,  -fl,318.70. 

1881.— Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  157,000;  bonds  of  1879, 
-$40,000;  fees,  salaries,  etc.,  -$934.92.  Resources:  Cash,  $10,643.61;  stock, 
machinery,  etc.,  $2,881.81 ;  goods  sold,  -$405.29 ;  taxes,  $900.  1882.— Liabili- 
ties:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  -$53,800;  bonds  of  1879,  $40,000;  fees, 
salaries,  etc.,  -$1,270.64.  Resources:  Cash, -$12,048.69 ;  stock,  machinery,  etc., 
$2,248.24;  due  (for  goods  sold),  -$37.77;  taxes,  .$5,856.16.  188^.— Liabilities : 
Bonds  (county  buildings),  $50,500;  bonds  of  1879,  -$40,000;  fees,  salaries, 
etc.,  -$1,051.12.  Resources :  Cash,  $20,532.67  ;  stock,  machinery,  etc.,  $2,733.40 ; 
taxes,  -$420.37.  1884:.— Liabilities :  Bonds  (county  buildings),  -$47,100;  bonds 
of  1879,  -$40,000;  fees,  etc.,  -$2,391.56.  Resources:  Cash,  -$20,302;  stock, 
machinery,  etc.,  $2,054.23  ;  taxes,  $753.29  ;  due  (from  other  counties),  $372.48. 
1885.  — Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  -$43,600;  bonds  of  1879, 
-$40,000;  fees  and  coupons,  $1,192.51.  Resources:  Cash,  $22,890.70;  tools, 
machinery,  etc.,  -$500;  taxes,  $1,151.44;  due  (from  other  counties),  $99.32. 
188Q.— Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  -$40,000;  bonds  of  1879, 
-$40,000;  fees  unpaid,  $896.03;  coupons  unpaid,  -$134.50.  Resources:  Cash, 
$25,159.30 ;  machinery,  etc.,  $700 ;  taxes,  -$503.66 ;  due  (from  other  counties 
and  for  rent),  $296.08.  1881  .—Liahilities :  Bonds  (county  buildings),  $36,300; 
bonds  of  1879,  -$40,000;  fees,  etc.,  $1,862.54;  coupons,  -$368.  Resources: 
Cash,  -$18,511.18;  stock,  machinery,  etc.,  $8,355.87;  taxes,  $927.58;  due  (from 
other  counties),  -$164.49.  1888.  —  Liabilities:  Bonds  (county  buildings), 
-$32,400  ;  bonds  of  1879,  -$40,000  ;  coupons,  $226  ;  fees,  -$412.11  ;  bills,  $114.83  ; 
workshop  expenses  due,  $91.40.  Resources:  Cash,  $22,569.44;  machinery, 
stock,  etc.,  $1,889.48 ;  due  (for  goods  sold),  $600.56 ;  due  (from  other  counties), 
$83.40;  rent  of  workshop,  -$40.  1889.— Liabilities :  Bonds  (county  buildings,) 
-$28,500;  bonds  of  1879,  -$40,000;  coupons,  -$111.50;  fees,  bills,  etc.,  -$559.54. 
Resources:  Cash,  $29,863;  machinery,  accounts,  etc.,  $1,347.98;  due  (from 
other  counties),  $337.05 ;  taxes,  $300 ;  forfeited  fees,  $104.76.     189().—Liabili- 


22  HiSTOKY  OF  Androscoggin  County. 


ties:  Bonds  (county  buildings),  124,500;  bonds  of  1879  issue,  140,000;  fees 
and  bills,  •ii?679.94.  RemurceH:  Cash  in  treasury,  -f!30,129.13;  tools  and 
machinery,  *700;  due  from  other  counties,  '1465.45;  forfeited  fees,  168.68. 
The  balance  against  the  county  December  31,  1889,  was  *37,217.56 ;  Decem- 
ber 31,  1890,  ■1:^33,816.68,  showing  a  reduction  of  the  county  debt  in  1890 
amounting  to  't3,400.88. 

The  state   tax  for  the   towns  of   the   county  for  1890   and    1891  is  here 
given  :  — 

^  1890.  1891. 

Auburn, $11,496.9.5  $17,067.34 

Durham,       954.49  1,043.18 

East  Livermore, 776.89  1,370.20 

Greene, 889.88  908.92 

Leeds, 938.24  913.09 

Lewiston, 21,457.00  33,447.36 

Lisbon, 2,517.23  4,.508.59 

Livermore, 973.07  1,265.80 

Minot, 1,625.97  2,072.69 

Poland, 2,077.27  3,123.24 

Turner, 1,695.52  2,107.86 

Wales, 448.15  569.65 

Webster, 1,004.65  1,191.82 

$46,85  L31  $69,589.74 


CHAPTER   II. 

GEOLOGY. 


Rock  Formations  —  Unstratilied  or  Igneous  Rocks -^Stratified  Rocks  —  Formations  in 
Maine — Age  of  Ice  —  Glacial  Drift  — Lower  and  Upper  Till  —  Champlain  Period  —  Modi- 
fled  Drift  —  Surface  Geology  —Drift  Period  —  Beacb  and  Terrace  Periods,  etc.  —  Montalbau 
or  White  Mountain  Formation  —  Tourmalines  and  Associate  Minerals  — Pratt's  Cave  — 
Gneiss  —  Mica  Schist  —  Saccharoid  Azoic  Limestone  — Dunes,  etc. 

Tt  CCORDING  to  geology  the  earth  was  formerly  a  mass  of  molten  matter 
LI  like  lava,  assuming  its  present  shape  while  in  this  plastic  form.  The 
JL  -L  intense  cold  of  the  ethereal  space  through  which  it  revolved  cooled  the 
surface,  and  a  crust  formed,  which,  as  soon  as  it  was  thick  enough  for  water 
to  accumulate  upon  it,  was  worn  away  by  its  action  in  the  higher  portions  and 
the  detritus  deposited  in  the  lowest. 

This  original  mass  and  all  igneous  rocks  are  called  unstratified.     The  rocks 
formed  by  the  deposition  of  the  worn  fragments  of  the  original  surface  are 


Geology.  23 

called  stratified,  because  arranged  in  layers  like  a  pile  of  boards.  Clay,  sand, 
gravel,  and  the  calcareous  deposits  of  mineral  springs  are  the  origin  of  most 
of  the  stratified  rocks.  These  become  consolidated  into  slates,  sandstones, 
conglomerates,  and  limestones,  the  newer  rocks  being  less  compact  and  more 
easily  crumbled  than  the  older  ones. 

Those  formed  under  similar  circumstances  in  the  same  geological  period  are 
called  a  fonnation.  Some  great  force  has  been  working  for  ages  steadily 
pushing  these  originally  horizontal  formations  into  great  curves,  tipping  them 
up  at  various  angles,  some  layers  even  standing  vertically. 

Unstratified  or  Igneous  Rocks.  —  These  are  divided  into  three  groups: 
Granitic,  Trappean,  Volcanic.  The  first  contains  granite,  sienite,  and  proto- 
gine ;  the  second  porphyry,  greenstone,  amygdaloid,  etc. ;  the  third  basalt, 
trachite,  pumice,  tufa,  and  kindred  volcanic  productions. 

Stratified  Rocks.  —  These  have  two  divisions,  Unfossiliferous  and  Fossil- 
iferous.  The  unfossiliferous  are  the  oldest  rocks  and  are  of  great  thickness, 
though  not  so  thick  as  the  miles  of  fossiliferous  rocks  overlying  them.  They 
are  Azoic  (without  life)  and  classed  as  Laurent ian.  The  fossiliferous  rocks 
form  three  great  systems:  Paleozoic,  containing  the  oldest  forms  of  life; 
Mesozoic,  bearing  the  types  of  the  middle  periods  of  life ;  Cainozoic,  with 
recent  forms  or  fossils.  The  Paleozoic  has  six  divisions :  Permian^  Carbon- 
iferous, Devonian  (Old  Red  Sandstone),  Upper  Silurian,  Lower  Silurian, 
Cambrian  (Huronian).  The  Mesozoic  has  Cretaceous  rocks  with  green  sand ; 
Oolites  or  Jurassic,  etc. ;  Triassic  (New  Red  Sandstone).  The  Cainozoic  rocks 
include  all  Alluvium  (with  drift)  and  Tertiary  formations. 

Rock  Formations  in  Maine.  —  They  are  both  metainorpliic  (i.e.,  changed 
from  the  original  sandstones,  shales,  conglomerates,  and  limestones  by  the 
action  of  lieat,  water,  and  chemical  forces  into  other  kinds  of  rock  than  their 
first  character)  a,nd  fossiliferous.  These  metamorphic  stratified  rocks  occur: 
gneiss,  mica  schist,  talcose  schist,  steatite,  and  serpentine,  saccharoid  azoic 
limestone,  clay  slate,  quartz,  and  conglomerates,  jasper,  siliceous  slate,  and 
hornstone.  The  unstratified  rocks  are  mostly  granite,  sienite,  protogine, 
porphyry,  trap  or  greenstone,  and  eurite.  The  fossiliferous  rocks  are  Paleozoic, 
except  some  marine  alluvial  deposits,  and  represent  the  Lower  Silurian,  Upper 
Silurian,  Devonian,  and  Drift  and  Alluvium  groups. 

Professor  C.  H.  Hitchcock  gives,  as  his  present  arrangement  of  the  forma- 
tions in  Maine  :  (1)  Champlain  clays  (tertiary) ;  (2)  Glacial  drift  (till)  ;  (3) 
Lower  Carboniferous  or  Upper  Devonian  ;  (4)  Lower  Devonian  (Oriskany 
group) ;  (5)  Upper  Silurian  ;  (6)  Silurian  and  Cambrian  clay  slates ;  (7) 
Cambrian  and  Huronian  with  Taconic ;  (8)  Montalban  ;  (9)  Laurentian  ; 
(10)  Granite ;  (11)  Trap  and  altered  slates. 

The  Age  of  Ice. — It  is,  perhaps,  desirable  to  devote  some  space  in  this 
volume  to  the  Age  of  Ice,  as  in  this  period  and  those  immediately  following 


24  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


when  the  colossal  ice-sheet,  which  was  so  thick  that  the  tops  of  Mounts 
Washington  and  Katahclin  were  deeply  covered,  was  removed,  the  surface, 
soil,  and  water-courses  of  the  county  were  formed,  the  lakes  established  in 
their  boundaries,  and  the  conditions  necessary  to  civilized  occupancy  were 
arranged  and  prepared. 

The  indications  of  a  glacial  period  are  probably  as  well  shown  in  this 
section  of  New  England  as  anywhere  in  the  world.  Underlying  the  modified 
drift  are  often  found  masses  of  earth  and  rocks  mingled  confusedly  together, 
having  neither  stratification  nor  any  appearance  of  having  been  deposited  in 
water.  These  are  the  filarial  drift,  or  till.  This  drift  frequently  covers  the 
slopes,  and  even  the  summits,  of  the  highest  mountains,  as  well  as  the  lesser 
elevations.  It  contains  bowlders  of  all  sizes,  up  to  thirty  feet  in  diameter, 
which  have  nearly  all  been  carried  southward  from  their  native  ledges,  and 
can  be  traced,  in  some  instances,  for  a  hundred  miles,  southward  or  south- 
eastward. Wherever  till  occurs,  the  ledges  have  mostly  been  worn  to  a 
rounded  form,  and,  if  the  rock  be  hard,  it  is  covered  with  long  scratches,  or 
Htrice,  in  the  direction  of  the  course  taken  by  the  bowlders.  Geology  now 
refers  these  to  a  moving  ice-sheet  which  spread  over  this  continent  from  the 
north,  and,  as  before  stated,  was  of  sufficient  thickness  to  cover  even  Mount 
Washington.  This  ice-sheet  was  so  much  thicker  at  the  north  than  in  this 
latitude  that  its  great  weight  pressed  the  ice  steadily  onward  and  outward  to 
the  south-southeast.  The  termination  of  this  ice-sheet  in  the  Atlantic,  south- 
east of  New  England,  was  probably  like  the  great  ice-wall  of  the  Antarctic 
continent,  along  which  Sir  J.  C.  Ross  sailed  450  miles,  finding  only  one  point 
low  enough  to  allow  the  smooth  white  plain  of  the  upper  surface  to  be  seen 
from  the  mast-head.  This  extended,  apparently  boundless,  and  was  of  dazzling 
wliiteness. 

There  was  a  long,  continuous  period  of  glacial  action,  with  times  of  retreat 
and  advance,  but  never  a  complete  departure  and  return  of  a  continental 
ice-sheet.  The  motion  of  this  ice,  being  caused  by  its  own  weight,  must  have 
been  slow  indeed.  Over  the  highlands  between  the  St  Lawrence  river  and 
Hudson  bay  the  ice^sheet  was  three  or  four  miles  in  thickness ;  over  Greenland 
much  thicker,  and  over  Maine  it  reached  nearly  or  quite  to  the  line  of  per- 
petual snow.  The  till,  or  coarse  glacial  drift,  was  made  by  the  long-continued 
wearing  and  grinding  of  the  ice-sheet.  As  this  slowly  advanced,  fragments 
were  torn  from  the  ledges,  held  in  the  bottom  of  the  ice,  and  worn  by  friction 
upon  the  surface  over  wliich  it  moved.  This  material,  crushed  beneath  the  ice 
into  minute  fragments  or  fine  powder,  is  called  the  Lower  Till.  While  the 
lower  till  was  being  made  under  the  ice,  large  quantities  of  coarse  and  fine 
matter  were  swept  away  from  hill-slopes  and  mountain-sides,  and  carried 
forward  in  tlie  ice.  As  this  melted,  much  of  this  matter  fell  loosely  on  the 
surface,  forming  an  unstratified  deposit  of  gravel,  earth,  and  bowlders.     This 


Geology.  25 

deposit  geologists  call  the  Upper  Till.  Usually  this  is  found  above  the  lower 
till,  the  line  of  separation  being  at  a  distance  of  from  two  to  twenty  feet. 
The  departure  of  the  ice-sheet  was  attended  by  a  rapid  deposition  of  the 
abundant  materials  therein  contained.  The  retreat  of  the  ice-sheet  was  toward 
the  northwest  and  north,  and  it  is  probable  that  its  final  melting  took  place 
mostly  on  the  surface,  so  that,  at  the  last,  great  amounts  of  its  deposits  were 
exposed  to  the  washing  of  many  streams.  The  finer  particles  were  generally 
carried  away,  and  the  strong  current  of  the  glacial  rivers  transported  coarse 
gravel  and  bowlders  of  considerable  size. 

When  these  streams  entered  the  valley  from  which  the  ice  had  retreated, 
or  their  currents  were  slackened  by  less  rapid  descent,  a  deposition  took  place, 
where  the  channel  was  still  walled  by  ice,  in  succession  of  coarse  gravel,  fine 
gravel,  sand,  and  fine  silt  or  clay.  These  deposits  filled  the  valleys,  and 
increased  in  depth  in  the  same  way  that  additions  are  now  made  to  the  bottom- 
lands or  intervals  of  our  large  rivers  by  the  floods  of  spring.  They  are  called 
Modified  Drift  and  geology  gives  this  name  to  the  period  from  the  departure 
of  the  ice-sheet  to  the  present.  This  modified  drift  comprises  the  intervals 
which  are  annually  overflowed,  and  the  successive  terraces  which  rise  in  steps 
upon  the  sides  of  the  valleys,  the  highest  often  forming  extensive  plains.  Dr 
Dana  has  given  the  name  of  Champlain  Period  to  the  time  of  the  deposition  of 
the  modified  drift  during  the  melting  of  the  ice-sheet.  During  the  Champlain 
period,  the  ice  became  molded  upon  the  surface,  by  the  process  of  destruction, 
into  great  basins  or  valleys ;  at  the  last,  the  passages  through  which  the 
melting  waters  passed  off  came  gradually  to  coincide  with  the  depressions  of 
the  present  surface. 

These  lowest  and  warmest  portions  of  the  land  were  first  freed  from  the 
ice ;  and,  as  the  melted  area  slowly  extended  into  the  continental  glacier,  its 
vast  floods  found  their  outlet  at  the  head  of  the  existing  valley.  In  these 
channels  were  deposited  materials  gathered  by  the  streams  from  the  melting 
glacier.  By  the  low  water  of  winter,  layers  of  sand  were  formed,  and  by  the 
strong  currents  of  summer,  layers  of  gravel,  often  very  coarse.  These  layers 
are  irregularly  bedded,  here  sand,  and  there  gravel,  accumulating,  and 
interstratified  without  much  order  with  each  other. 

These,  the  oldest  of  our  deposits  of  modified  drift,  are  long  ridges,  or 
intermixed  short  ridges  and  mounds,  composed  of  very  coarse  water-worn 
gravel,  or  of  alternate  gravel  and  sand  irregularly  bedded.  Wherever  the 
ordinary  fine  alluvium  occurs,  it  overlies  or  partly  covers  these  deposits.  The 
geological  name  for  these  is  Karnes. 

The  extensive  level  plains  and  high  terraces  bordering  the  riverg  were 
also  deposited  in  the  Champlain  period,  as  the  open  valleys  became  gradually 
filled  with  great  depths  of  gravel,  sand,  and  clay  (alluvium),  which  were 
brought  down  by  the  glacier  rivers  from  the  melting  ice-sheet,  or  washed  from 


2G  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


the  till  after  the  ice  had  retreated,  and  which  were  deposited  in  the  same  way 
as  those  made  by  high  floods  at  the  present  day.  Daring  the  recent  or  terrace 
period,  the  rivers  have  cut  deep  and  wide  channels  in  this  alluvium,  and  the 
terraces  mark  heights  at  which,  in  their  work  of  erosion,  they  have  left  portions 
of  their  successive  flood-plains. 

Modified  drift  in  Maine  occurs  in  the  form  of  moraine  terraces,  horsebacks, 
sea-beaches,  sea-bottoms,  marine  clays,  and  terraces.  Moraine  terraces  are 
generally  accumulations  of  gravel,  bowlders,  and  sand,  often  arranged  in 
heaps  and  hollows,  or  conical  and  irregular  elevations  with  corresponding 
depressions.  They  somewhat  resemble  the  moraines  of  glaciers,  but  differ 
from  them  in  their  stratification  and  existence  in  localities  where  glaciers 
could  not  have  formed  them.  They  derive  their  name  from  their  aflinity 
with  both  moraines  and  terraces.  Moraine  terraces  are  not  numerous  in  this 
state,  tlieir  place  in  most  cases  being  taken  b}^  the  horsebacks,  a  curious  class 
of  alluvial  ridges,  here  found  in  numbers,  while  they  scarcely  occur  out  of  the 
state.  They  are  narrow  ridges  of  coarse  gravel  and  sand,  from  thirty  to  forty 
feet  high,  with  sometimes  an  undulating  summit  and  with  the  ends  of  nearly 
the  same  elevation.  They  exist  in  a  level  country  almost  invariably,  although 
the  road  from  Poland  Springs  to  Mechanic  Falls  appears  to  [)ass  along  the  top 
of  one  for  some  distance. 

Surface  Geology. — Professor  C.  H.  Hitchcock  says  that  probably  since 
the  tertiary  period  the  whole  of  Maine,  and  with  it  all  the  northern  part  of 
North  America,  has  been  depressed  under  the  ocean  at  least  as  high  as  the 
top  of  Mount  Katahdin,  or  five  thousand  feet  lower  than  it  is  now.  Subse- 
quently the  continent  rose  gradually  to  its  present  altitude,  and  while  the 
country  was  being  drained  deposits  were  produced.  Drift  was  principally 
formed  by  icebergs  and  glaciers  conjoined  when  the  continent  was  sinking 
and  rising  again.  The  forms  of  modified  drift  were  produced  largely  by  the 
aid  of  rivers  and  currents. 

The  Drift  Period.  —  When  the  continent  was  submerged,  northerly  currents 
brought  icebergs  over  its  northern  portions,  wliich  greatly  lowered  the  temper- 
ature, and  glaciers  would  form  on  mountains  comparatively  low,  reaching  to 
the  ocean,  as  now  in  the  Arctic  Zone.  The  enormous  icebergs,  moving 
southerly,  would  grate  powerfully  upon  the  bottom  of  the  sea,  smoothing, 
scratching,  and  breaking  off  fragments  from  the  prominent  hills  and  ledges 
beneath,  and  leave  a  stoss  and  lee  side  upon  them.  When  the  continent  was 
at  its  lowest  dfepth,  only  one  or  two  small  islands  would  remain.  During  this 
submergence  only  icebergs  could  act  upon  the  rocks;  when  the  mountains 
appeared  again  glaciers  would  renew  their  wearing  action,  the  water,  also, 
would  begin  to  wear  off  fragments  from  rough  ledges  and  partially  sort  the 
materials  collected.  It  is  conceivable  that  when  the  continent  was  partly 
under  water  an  unusual  direction  might  be  given  to  certain  icebergs  crowded 


Geology.  27 

into  narrow  valleys,  and  thus  produce  unusual  courses  of  striae.  During  this 
process,  every  part  of  the  surface  must  have  had  a  thorough  washing,  and  few 
animals  could  have  lived  in  this  cold  period. 

The  Beach  Period. — We  suppose  this  period  to  commence  with  the  formation 
of  the  highest  beaches,  or  when  the  continent  was  2,600  feet  higher  than  now. 
The  beaches  would  be  formed  as  now  upon  the  coast,  at  different  levels,  as  the 
waters  receded.  This  was  the  period  when  the  moraine  terraces  and  horsebacks 
were  produced ;  the  former  may  have  been  formed  by  the  accumulation  of 
matter  around  masses  of  stranded  ice ;  when  the  ice  melted,  large  hollows 
would  occupy  its  place,  and  it  would  be  a  considerable  time  before  it  melted, 
as  the  sand  and  gravel  often  acts  as  a  natural  refrigerator.  We  even  suppose 
that  some  of  the  ice  of  the  drift  period  yet  remains  in  certain  deposits,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  frozen  wells  that  are  considered  such  curiosities.  In  Lewiston 
the  evidence  of  a  sea-beach  exists  two  hundred  feet  above  present  tide-water. 

Tlie  Terrace  Period.  —  This  commenced  with  the  existence  of  rivers  or 
currents  of  water  in  long  estuaries.  These  currents  accumulate  materials 
principally  along  the  sides  of  the  valleys  or  fill  them  up  entirely.  Tides  and 
currents  would  assist  the  rivers,  and  at  length  the  top  of  the  deposits  would  be 
at  the  surface,  and  no  more  matter  could  be  added.  The  same  agency  must 
then  deposit  the  detritus  below  the  first  accumulations,  which  will  soon  appear 
as  lateral  terraces.  The  country  continuing  to  rise,  a  second  and  third  terrace 
will  appear,  and  so  on  as  long  as  the  same  agencies  act.  The  delta  terraces 
being  at  the  mouths  of  rivers,  are  composed  of  the  materials  brouglit  down  by 
the  current ;  when  the  mass  has  risen  above  the  water,  the  river  continuing  to 
run  must  cut  through  it,  and  leave  a  terrace  upon  each  side  of  its  course.  The 
principal  phenomena  of  terraces  is  explained  by  the  simple  drainage  of  a 
country  as  it  rises  out  of  the  water.  We  have  often  thought  that  a  large  part 
of  Maine  had  not  completed  its  terrace  period,  since  the  terraces  are  scarce  and 
the  lakes  numerous.  As  soon  as  the  lakes  are  drained,  terraces  appear ;  some- 
times this  is  done  suddenly  by  the  bursting  of  a  barrier — a  dam  for  instance. 
During  the  terrace  period,  life,  both  terrestrial  and  marine,  was  abundant  on 
the  continent.  To  this  period  we  refer  the  marine  clays  of  the  coast,  and  the 
fossil  elephants  and  horses  of  the  interior;  though  both  classes  lived  in  the 
historic  period  and  are  not  entirely  extinct.  The  historic  period  is  the  time 
when  the  country  had  attained  essentially  its  present  altitude.  All  the  agencies 
that  produced  drift  are  still  in  operation,  and  both  modified  and  unmodified 
deposits  of  drift  are  now  being  effected ;  the  agencies  forming  these  two  classes 
of  deposits  have  run  parallel  to  each  other  from  the  first.  Man  has  existed  on 
the  earth  a  comparatively  short  time  of  the  alluvial  period.  Researches  in 
Europe  show  that  the  extinct  mammals  of  the  alluvium  were  contemporary 
with  the  earliest  generations  of  man. 

Fossils  in  the  Marine  Clays.  —  Foraminifera  are  almost  at  the  lowest  end 
of  the  animal  kingdom.     The  portion  preserved  are  the  shells,  often  divided 


28  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


into  delicate  chambers.  A  deposit  of  the  shells  of  these  animals  was  found 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  on  the  bottom,  several  thousand  feet  from  the  surface. 
The  beds  containing  these  shells  in  the  clay  lie  at  the  bottom  of  the  marine 
deposits.  A  fossil  star-fish  and  various  shells  have  been  found  at  Lewiston. 
They  were  taken  from  a  sandy  layer  one  hundred  feet  above  Androscoggin 
river  and  two  hundred  feet  above  the  ocean.  They  came  from  ten  feet  below 
the  surface ;    of  these  ten  feet,  eight  were  of  clay,  the  rest  being  sandy. 

Alluvial  terraces  are  those  banks  of  loose  materials,  generally  unconsolidated, 
which  skirt  the  sides  of  the  valleys  about  rivers,  ponds,  and  lakes,  and  rise 
above  one  another  like  the  seats  of  an  amphitheater.  Lateral  terraces  are  the 
most  common  and  are  parallel  to  the  valley,  and  often  continue  for  miles  along 
its  sides.  Delta  terraces  are  the  accumulations  which  have  been  formed  at  the 
mouths  of  streams,  whether  the  junction  of  a  tributary  with  the  main  stream 
or  the  meeting  of  the  river  and  lake  or  ocean.  They  are  seen  only  where 
the  land  has  risen  since  their  deposition.  Terraces  are  not  abundant  in  Maine, 
but  all  the  large  rivers  have  more  or  less,  and  they  are  often  used  for  the  sites 
of  villages  and  fine  residences.  They  are  well  developed  in  Auburn,  Berwick, 
Brunswick,  Waterville,  and  Lewiston. 

On  Professor  Hitchcock's  "Geological  Map  of  Maine"  the  territory  of 
Androscoggin  county  is  practically  all  represented  in  the  Montalban  formation, 
with  a  little  section  of  granite  delineated  on  the  northern  border.  Professor 
Hitchcock  says:^  "Beneath  the  Huronian  are  large  areas  of  gneiss,  whose  age 
has  been  warmly  discussed  by  American  geologists,  and  are  now  referred  to 
three  Laureutian  divisions,  lower,  middle,  upper.  I  have  offered  the  theory 
that  these  oval  patches  of  coarse  porphyritic,  granitic  gneiss  represent  the  very 
beginnings  of  the  continent;  that  these  islands  projected  slightly  out  of  the 
original  primal  universal  ocean,  and  were  of  eruptive  origin,  the  first  ejections 
of  melted  matter  upon  a  newly  formed  crust.  Over  twenty  of  these  islands 
have  been  recognized  in  New  Hampshire,  and  many  will  be  discovered  in 
Maine  as  soon  as  her  crystallines  are  carefully  examined.  These  gneissic 
masses  possess  a  concentric  structure  just  like  modern  volcanic  piles,  but  the 
superior  elevation  of  the  original  cone  may  be  lost  through  denudation  and 
the  subsequent  accumulation  of  detritus  upon  their  flanks.  To  the  middle 
division  are  properly  referred  much  of  the  gneiss  area  in  the  western  part  of 
the  state,  and  the  schists,  south  of  the  Huronian,  between  Portland  and  the 
Penobscot  river."  Enumerating  seven  other  areas  he  goes  on:  "In  these 
areas  occur  the  following  minerals:  red  and  green  tourmaline,  lepidolite, 
cassiterite  or  tin  ore,  amblygonite,  cancrinite,  sodalite,  beryl,  mispickel, 
corundum,  immense  sheets  of  muscovite  mica,  and  many  others  not  so 
characteristic.  I  proposed  the  name  '  White  Mountain  series,'  in  1869,  for  all 
tliese  ancient  crystallines  of  the  Atlantic  district.     Latterly  it  seems  convenient 

J  Colby's  Atlas  of  the  State  of  Maine.    Colby  &  Stuart.    Houlton,  Me. 


Geology.  29 

to  restrict  the  use  of  this  term,  or  its  equivalent,  Montalban,  to  the  uppermost 
group  of  schists,  whose  best  known  development  is  in  the  Presidential  range 
of  the  White  Mountains.  The  group  is  characterized  by  a  deficiency  in  the 
amount  of  feldspar,  and  often  the  mineral  fibrolite  or  andalusite  is  disseminated 
through  the  rock." 

Tourmalines  and  Associated  Grems. — In  1820  the  first  of  those  rare  gems  — 
tourmalines  —  discovered  in  Maine  (and  which  have  made  this  portion  of  the 
state  so  noted)  was  found,  a  transparent  green  crystal,  among  the  dull  feldspar 
and  quartz,  on  the  surface  of  an  unpretending  hill  in  Paris,  called  Mount 
Mica,  by  two  students,  who  in  their  first  search  found  thirty  or  more  splendid 
specimens  of  pink  and  green  crystals.  And  more  :  all  over  the  top  of  the 
rocks  and  down  the  hill-side  lay  riches  untold  of  the  associate  minerals.  The 
people  of  the  town  hastened  to  the  spot,  and  immediately  some  very  valuable 
specimens  were  obtained.  No  one  knew  up  to  that  time  what  to  call  their 
prize,  so  the  young  men  enclosed  a  few  of  their  best  crystals  in  a  letter  to 
.  Professor  Silliman,  awaiting  his  reply  with  impatience.  He  hastened  to  tell 
them  that  they  had  made  a  most  important  discovery  in  finding  a  rare  gem. 
And  these  were  the  first  tourmalines  of  Mount  Mica.  This  place,  in  its  ages 
of  silence,  had  been  waiting,  perfecting  itself,  that  the  hand  of  man  should 
finally  unlock  its  treasures  and  give  them  to  the  light  of  day.  In  1825  Pro- 
fessor Shepard  visited  the  place  and  found  several  very  fine  crystals ;  and 
later  Professor  Webster  opened  a  "  pocket,"  which  revealeda  fine  grass-green 
specimen,  also  a  most  remarkable  red  one.  In  1865  the  deposit  was  believed 
to  be  exhausted,  though  the  work  had  been  extremely  superficial,  the  excava- 
tions being  only  fifteen  feet  square  andsix  feet  deep.  Fresh  encouragement 
came  later,  as  investigations  were  made  by  true  votaries  of  science,  and  new 
pockets  were  constantly  opened,  with  the  tourmalines  lying  loose  in  the  decay- 
ing feldspar,  or  imbedded  in  the  floor  of  tlie  cavit3^  About  this  time  Dr 
A.  C.  Hamlin,  collecting  the  facts  here  outlined,  made  most  important  explora- 
tions, and  added  greatly  to  the  knowledge  of  the  capacity  of  the  ledge. 
His  excavations,  made  from  time  to  time,  yielded  to  him  one  of  the  most 
valuable  collections  in  the  world. 

About  three  miles  northwest  of  the  court-house  in  Auburn  is  a  hill  of  the 
same  geologic  formation  as  Mount  Mica.  It  is  called  Hatch's  Ledge  from  the 
owner  and  Mount  Apatite  from  the  amount  of  that  mineral  existing  there. 
This  ledge  covers  from  eight  to  ten  acres,  and  is  close  to  the  line  of  Minot. 
In  1862  a  boy  named  Lane  found  a  small  piece  of  crystal  that  he  thought  to 
be  green  glass.  After  carrying  it  some  time  he  put  it  on  the  window-sill  in 
the  sitting-room  of  his  home.  Here  it  was  seen  by  Dr  Luther  Hill,  who 
pronounced  it  a  tourmaline,  and  on  submitting  it  to  experts  in  mineralogy 
his  opinion  was  justified,  and  soon  after  this  new  locality  of  transparent 
tourmalines  was  made  known  to  the  world.     Dr  Hamlin,  who  had  the  ledge 


30  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


examined,  says:  "The  tourmalines  appeared  on  the  brow  of  a  ledge  which 
projected  from  a  gentle  slope  of  a  hill,  and  far  below  its  summit.  The 
surface  of  the  rock  and  adjoining  earth  was  strewn  with  numerous  folitB  of 
mica  containing  crystals  of  transparent  tourmalines,  and  large  masses  of  pink 
lepidolite,  amounting  in  all  to  quite  a  ton  in  weight.  The  abundance  of 
lepidolite  and  mica  gave  hope  of  an  extensive  deposit  of  the  coveted  crystals ; 
the  first  specimens  picked  up,  exhibiting  rich  emerald-green  hues,  gave  promise 
of  superior  gems,  the  first  one  yielding  a  perfect  gem  of  two  carats."  Thou- 
sands of  dollars'  worth  of  valuable  gems  have  since  been  taken  from  the  ledge  ; 
white,  pink,  green,  blue,  and  red  tourmalines,  and  associate  minerals  in  rich 
and  rare  variety.  Nearly  forty  different  varieties  have  been  found  here. 
Mica,  in  sheets  from  ten  to  twelve  inches  square  ;  aqua  marines  ;  white,  green, 
and  smoky  quartz ;  (quartz  crystals ;  beryl ;  apatite  in  varied  colors,  both 
crystallized  and  opaque  ;  arsenical  iron ;  iron  garnets,  a  large  one  weighing 
sixteen  pounds  ;  cassiterite  (almost  the  only  ore  of  tin)  ;  albite  ;  cleavelandite; 
columbite  ;  amblygonite  ;  lepidolite  ;  montmorillonite  ;  uranite  ;  cookeite,  etc. 

The  tourmalines  found  here  are  in  utmost  perfection  of  color  and  crystal- 
lization, and  unsurpassed  by  any  gems  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  The 
gradations  of  color  are  a  most  important  feature.  On  this  point  the  mineral- 
ogist revels  in  ecstasy ;  and  well  he  may.  Here  a  crystal  red  within,  passing 
to  green  outside  ;  there  an  exquisite  red  shaded  to  white,  then  blending  into 
green  again  ;  or  they  may  be  simply  red  and  green  or  white  and  green. 
They  are  marvelous  in  beauty. 

The  tourmaline  in  its  physical  character  is  in  crystallization,  rhorabohedral, 
in  prisms  of  three,  six,  nine,  and  twelve  sides,  terminating  in  a  low  three- 
sided  pyramid.  It  occurs  also  massive,  and  coarse  columnar,  somewhat 
resinous  when  fractured,  and  by  friction  acquires  ])Ositive  electricity  ;  becom- 
ing electrically  polar  when  heated.  In  hardness  it  is  about  7.5,  a  little  harder 
than  quartz.  It  is  brittle  and,  as  in  tlie  case  of  the  beryl,  well-terminated 
crystals  are  most  ditficult  to  obtain.  In  constitution  it  is  complicated,  con- 
taining silica,  alumina,  magnesia,  and  a  variety  of  other  elements  in  small 
proportions.  The  presence  of  boron  trioxide  gives  an  interesting  feature  in 
the  analysis  of  the  mineral,  while  its  electric  and  optical  properties  are.  an 
increasing  delight  to  the  student.  The  sides  of  the  prisms  are  often  rounded 
or  striated.  This  is  due  to  oscillatory  combination,  which  is  a  tendency  in 
the  forming  crystal  to  make  two  different  planes  at  the  same  time. 

Praffs  Cave.  —  In  the  north  part  of  Turner,  about  two  miles  from  North 
Turner  Bridge,  there  is  a  remarkable  cavern  or  succession  of  caverns  (really 
cavities  between  immense  blocks  of  granite  piled  upon  each  other).  This  was 
visited  in  1838  by  Dr  Stevenson,  of  the  State  Geological  Survey,  who  gave 
this  description : 


Geology.  31 

The  entrauce  is  from  the  side  of  the  mountain  situated  on  the  laud  of  Mr  E.  Pratt,  on 
the  western  side  of  the  river.  From  some  cause  the  huge  bloclis  of  granite  which  form  the 
walls  of  these  subterranean  apartments  have  been  so  arranged  as  to  form  spacious  halls 
and  present  a  striking  appearance  of  regularity.  Provided  with  lamps  by  our  guide,  we 
entered  the  first  cavern,  which  was  about  twenty  feet  long  and  from  ten  to  twelve  feet 
wide,  with  high  overhanging  walls ;  the  rocks  presented  the  appearance  of  having  been 
thrown  apart  by  some  wonderful  convulsion  of  nature,  and  the  damp  and  chilling  atmos- 
phere was  similar  to  that  found  in  the  sepulchres  of  the  dead.  We  continued  our  course 
by  slow  and  cautious  steps  down  a  pathless  descent  till  we  had  visited  six  subterranean 
halls,  situated  one  above  another,  all  corresponding  in  general  appearance,  but  dimin- 
ishing in  size  as  we  descended;  the  last  would  not  admit  a  person  in  an  erect  attitude, 
and  we  were  obliged  to  crawl  upon  our  hands  and  knees,  taking  great  care  not  to 
lose  our  lamp,  for  had  we  suftered  that  misfortune  we  might  have  been  compelled  to  grope 
about  in  darkness,  without  even  a  hope  of  happy  deliverance  from  our  uncomfortable 
situation. 

Guf'iss.  —  There  is  gneiss  along  the  track  of  the  railroad  between  Danville 
Junction  and  Greene ;  perhaps  this  belt  of  rock  is  connected  with  the  gneiss 
in  the  west  part  of  Winthrop. 

3Ii('a  Schist.  —  An  immense  deposit  of  mica  schist  is  found  in  Androscoggin, 
Kennebec,  and  Waldo  counties.  Large  patches  of  granite  are  frequently 
found  in  it,  whicli  were  protruded  subsequently  to  the  deposition  of  the  schist. 
From  Danville  to  Belgrade  the  mica  schist  has  been  seen  to  occur.  It  appears 
also  in  Poland,  Turner,  Livermore,  Leeds,  and  other  towns.  The  rock  is  mica 
schist  in  Leeds  and  Livermore ;  at  Livermore  Falls  it  resembles  talcose  schist. 

SacelKtmid  Azok  Limestone  appears  in  Turner,  Poland,  Livermore,  and 
Lewiston.  Li  Turner  there  are  two  beds  of  limestone,  one,  grayish-white, 
granular,  contains  73.6  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime ;  that  on  Oak  Hill  is 
greenish  gray,  granular,  and  contains  40  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime.  \n 
Poland  there  is  limestone  of  a  greenish-white  color,  granular,  containing  43.6 
per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime.  The  purest  limestone  can  afford  but  little 
more  than  50  per  cent,  of  lime.     That  in  Turner  gave  42.9  per  cent. 

Dunes.  —  There  are  numerous  sandy  hills  in  Wayne  and  Leeds  far  above  all 
existing  streams.  It  seems  as  if  there  must  be  some  ancient  beaches  among 
them.  In  Leeds  one  of  these  sandy  accumulations  has  been  torn  asunder  by 
the  wind,  and  the  sand  blown  southeasterly,  much  to  the  detriment  of  the 
adjacent  cultivated  fields.  A  potato  patch  was  covered  up  in  this  way  to  the 
depth  of  thirty  feet.     These  hills  of  moving  sands  are  called  dunes  or  downs. 

A  belt  of  mineral  appears  to  run  through  the  rocks  in  nearly  a  straight 
line  from  Woodstock,  through  Oxford,  Minot,  Greene,  Wales,  Litchfield, 
Plttston,  Camden,  Sedgwick,  Bluehill,  Sullivan,  and  Northport.  At  different 
times  specimens,  taken  from  various  places  along  this  belt,  have  been  analyzed, 
showing  quite  a  percentage  of  silver.  About  twelve  years  ago  quite  an 
excitement  was  caused  by  developments  in  the  vicinity  of  Oak  Hill  in  Wales. 


32  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Thomas  Barr's  farm,  at  Ray's  Corners,  had  rock  in  1878  bearing  $25  of  pure 
silver  to  the  ton.  Plumbago  had  earlier  been  mined  near  there,  and  sulphuret 
of  silver  was  said  to  exist  in  the  same  mine  and  in  its  vicinity. 


CHAPTER   HI. 


THE   ANDROSCOGGIN   RIVER. 


Williamson's  Description  —  Physical   and    Geological   Features— Drainage   District- 
Altitudes  —  Principal  Tributaries  in  this  County —  Water-Powers. 

IN  "  Williamson's  History  of  Maine  "  is  a  quaint  description  of  the  Andros- 
coggin which  our  readers  will  enjoy.  "  The  Androscoggin  river,  formerly 
Aumoughcawgen,  rises  in  the  northwest  section  of  the  state,  only  about 
an  hundred  miles  from  the  Chops,  in  direct  course,  though  it  actually  runs, 
in  its  flexuous  meanders,  more  than  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles.  The  rise 
of  its  eastern  and  principal  branch  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Sunday  Mountain, 
about  ten  miles  east  of  the  dividing  line  between  Maine  and  New  Hampshire, 
and  on  the  soutli  margin  of  the  highlands,  which  form  the  boundary  between 
this  state  and  ('anada.  This  source  of  the  Androscoggin  lias  for  its  immediate 
ni'iglibours  a  headpond  of  Dead  river,  which  empties  into  the  Kennebec,  and  the 
southernmost  spring  of  a  stream,  which  runs  northerly  and  contributes  its 
waters  to  the  Chaudiere.  This  branch  of  the  Androscoggin  runs  about  twenty- 
five  miles  south  and  discharges  its  waters  into  Lake  Mooseetocmaguntick,  a 
most  singular  body  of  water  connected  with  Umbagog  lake  by  a  strait;  and  it 
empties  all  its  waters  into  the  latter,  which  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  western 
boundary  line  of  Maine.  On  the  western  side  of  it,  in  New  Hampshire,  issues 
the  Androscoggin,  forty  miles  south  of  the  upper  end  of  the  line  which  divides 
that  state  from  Maine.  Three  miles  westward  of  the  outlet  the  main  river 
receives  the  Magalloway,  which  is  twelve  rods  in  width  at  its  mouth.  This 
river's  head  is  about  as  far  north  as  that  of  the  Androscoggin,  runs  a  southerly 
course  in  Maine,  more  than  thirty  miles,  and  is  distant  from  three  to  five  miles 
from  the  line,  which  it  crosses  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  north  of  the 
Piscataqua  mouth. 

"The  Androscoggin,  shortly  after  it  receives  the  waters  of  Magalloway 
river,  and  another  river  from  the  northwest,  runs  southerly  in  New  Hampshire 
twenty-five  miles,  almost  parallel  with  the  line,  and  five  or  six  miles  from  it ; 


The  Androscoggin  River. 


and  then  turning,  crosses  it,  and  runs  tlie  remainder  of  its  course  in  Maine. 
In  re-entering  the  state  it  runs  through  the  town  of  Gilead,  and  forms  a  fine 
intervale  on  both  sides,  overlooked  by  rugged  lands  on  the  north,  and  is  fed  in 
that  town  by  Wild  river.  The  main  river  runs  fourteen  miles  in  the  next 
town,  Bethel,  forming  an  elbow  in  its  western  quarter,  and  flowing  northerly 
in  a  gentle  glide  towards  Newry,  then  eastwardly,  over  a  smooth  bottom  of 
rounded  pebbles,  embosoming  in  the  town  a  number  of  fertile  and  delightful 
islands  of  various  extent,  the  largest  of  which  contains  one  hundred  acres. 
The  alluvion  skirting  the  banks  of  the  Androscoggin,  from  ten  to  one  hundred 
rods  in  width,  is  highly  productive  and  beautiful  land,  rising  in  many  places 
by  regular  banks,  one  above  another,  and  forming  two  or  more  bottoms.  Of 
these  the  highest  is  about  twenty-five  feet  perpendicular  above  low  water,  and 
they  are  all  evidently  formed  by  the  efflux  of  the  river,  changing  its  bed  and 
banks  so  that  people  feel  safe  in  building  on  these  more  elevated  bottoms, 
some  of  which  were  not  covered  in  the  time  of  the  great  freshet,  October  22, 
1785,  when  the  water  rose  twenty-five  feet.  Along  northward  of  the  river, 
three  or  four  miles  distant  from  it,  and  nearly  parallel  with  its  banks  in  many 
places,  are  the  'nucleus  of  the  mountains'  which,  rising  in  ridges,  stretch  along 
from  the  west  line  of  the  state  toward  the  falls,  just  above  the  northernmost 
bend  of  the  river  in  the  east  line  of  Rumford,  and  shelter,  in  some  measure, 
these  extensive  intervales  from  the  northwest  winds. 

"  After  the  river  receives  several  small  streams,  and  a  considerable  one 
through  the  mountains  from  East  Andover,  it  rushes  down  the  Great  falls  at 
Rumford,  fifty  feet  perpendicular  and  three  hundred  feet  within  a  mile.  From 
these  falls  the  river  runs  in  a  southerly  direction  through  Dixfield  into  Jay, 
where  it  forms  various  windings;  leaving  the  town  in  a  southern  course  it 
passes  through  Livermore,  between  Turner  on  the  west,  and  Leeds  and  Greene 
on  the  east,  and  descends  Lewiston  falls,  sixty  miles  below  the  Great  falls.  In 
Turner  it  receives  Twenty-Mile  river,  which  rises  principally  in  Sumner  and 
Hartford,  and  runs  through  Buckfield  and  Turner,  forming  almost  every 
accommodation  for  mills  and  machinery. 

"  At  Lewiston,  the  cataract  is  called  the  Upper  falls  of  Pejepscot.  Here  the 
water  tumbles  over  massy  rocks,  and  rushes  through  narrow  passes,  about  one 
hundred  feet  perpendicular,  from  the  surface  to  the  bed  below.  These  falls 
are  not  abrupt  as  over  a  mill-dam,  but  descend  on  an  inclined  plane,  broken 
with  ledges.  Here  are  mills  and  one  is  supplied  with  water  through  a  channel 
sunk  in  solid  rock.  The  river  below  the  falls  is  fifty  to  sixty  rods  wide,  and 
seldom  so  shoal  as  to  be  fordable  by  a  man  and  horse,  even  in  summer. 

"  As  you  stand  on  an  elevation,  one  mile  below  these  falls,  you  see  the 
rapid  river,  called  the  Little  Androscoggin,  flow  in  from  the  westward,  shooting 
its  current  across  the  bed  of  the  main  Androscoggin,  forming  a  channel  on  the 
eastern  shore,  and  adding  a  fourth  to  the  main  river.     It  rises  in  Woodstock 


34  History  op^  Androscoggin  County. 


and  Norway,  and  receives  waters  from  Moose  and  Gleason  ponds  in  Paris,  as 
it  passes  between  the  swells  of  that  town,  and  also  those  of  Thompson  on  the 
southerly  side,  turning  many  mills,  especially  in  Minot  and  some  in  Poland, 
which  two  towns  it  separates.  It  has  generally  high  banks,  though  lined  with 
intervales  or  strong  land. 

"  On  the  east  side  of  the  great  Androscoggin  is  the  Thirty-Mile  or  Dead 
river,  the  natural  and  only  outlet  of  great  Androscoggin  pond,  three  and  one- 
half  miles  long,  and  three  broad,  between  Leeds  and  Wayne.  Dead  river, 
from  the  outlet  in  Leeds  to  Androscoggin  river,  is  six  miles  in  length,  eight  or 
ten  rods  in  width  and  deep,  and  its  bed  is  so  level  and  exactly  horizontal  that 
the  rise  of  the  great  river  eighteen  inches  will  invert  the  current  of  Dead  river 
its  whole  length.  Li  great  freshets  much  water  is  forced  into  the  pond,  which 
becomes  a  reservoir,  greatly  soaking,  however,  and  hurting  the  lands  on  its 
borders." 

Dr  Ezekiel  Holmes  treats  of  the  physical  and  geological  features  of  the 
Androscoggin  in  this  manner:  The  Androscoggin  river  takes  its  rise  not  far 
from  the  Canada  line  and  the  headlands  that  divide  the  waters  of  the 
Chaudiere,  Kennebec  tributaries,  and  the  Androscoggin.  It  passes  south- 
westerly, expanding  in  its  course  into  the  lakes  Moosilamaguntic,  Argwason, 
Molechunkamunk,  Wallakenabagog,  and  Umbagog.  From  this  last  lake  it 
passes  out  on  its  northwest  quarter,  at  first  westerly  and  then  southerly,  in  a 
sluggish,  quiet  manner  until  it  comes  to  Errol  in  New  Hampshire.  Here  it 
meets  with  obstructions  and  forms  a  fall  wliicli  has  been  taken  up  for  mill 
sites.  It  continues  to  flow  in  a  southerly  direction  until  it  reaches  Shelburne, 
when  it  sweeps  round  the  base  of  the  mountains  easterly  to  the  easterly  line  of 
Livermore,  when  it  again  curves  southeasterly,  which  general  course  it  holds 
until  it  unites  with  the  Kennebec  river  at  Merrymeeting  bay. 

The  Androscoggin,  from  the  time  it  meets  with  its  first  obstruction  at 
Errol,  has  a  difficult  and  troubled  pathway  and  has  more  rapids,  falls,  and 
cataracts  than  any  other  river  of  its  size  in  Maine.  It  has  along  its  banks  at 
certain  sections  of  its  course  some  splendid  intervals  as  well  as  swells  of 
upland  of  the  first  quality.  Evidences  are  abundant  to  prove  that  it  was  once, 
in  the  space  at  least  from  Shelburne  to  East  Livermore,  what  a  part  of  it  is 
now  at  Umbagog  and  above,  a  connected  chain  of  lakes,  separated  at  certain 
places  by  obstructions  which  formed  natural  dams  and  held  its  waters  at 
higher  level,  until  they  gave  way  and  furnished  them  a  more  free  passage,  as 
they  are  now  found.  It  was  while  in  tliis  lake  state  that  the  splendid  intervals 
were  formed. 

Reasons  for  this  Belief:— i^//-.s^.  These  interval  or  bottom  lands  are 
alluvial  deposits.  The  material  of  which  they  are  composed  was  deposited 
while  the  water  was  in  a  quiescent  state,  and  therefore  formed  the  bottom  of 
lakes  and  ponds.     Second.     These  interval  or  bottom  lands  are  not  continuous. 


The  Androscoggin  River.  35 

but  located  in  sections  of  more  or  less  magnitude  and  at  different  distances 
from  each  other,  and  these  separations  are  formed  by  the  liighlands  coming 
down  nearer  to  the  river  than  they  do  in  the  region  of  the  intervals.  In 
passing  up  the  river  from  Livermore  Falls  to  Shelburne,  N.  H.,  where  the 
highlands  close  in  toward  the  river,  you  will  erelong  come  to  a  tract  of 
interval  land.  This  is  also  the  case  in  going  from  Livermore  Falls  to  Jay. 
After  passing  through  the  highlands  which  come  more  or  less  near  to  the 
banks  on  the  Livermore  and  Jay  side,  you  reach  the  splendid  intervals  of  Jay 
point.  The  cause  of  their  formation  at  this  locality  was,  in  the  first  place,  a 
valley  or  larger  opening  between  the  mountains,  giving  space  for  a  lake,  and 
in  the  next  place,  the  obstruction,  for  a  long  time,  of  the  river  by  the  high- 
lands below,  thereby  forming  a  lake  at  the  place  referred  to.  Here,  when  the 
current  was  at  rest,  the  fine  particles  of  earthy  matter  gathered,  and,  suspended 
in  the  water  in  their  course,  were  deposited  at  the  bottom,  and  by  their 
accumulations  formed  what  are  now  beautiful  farms.  On  a  reverse  principle 
it  is  accounted  for,  there  being  comparatively  less  amount  of  alluvial  and 
more  diluvial  land  or  drift  in  that  portion  of  the  river  below  Livermore  Falls 
than  above.  The  Androscoggin,  at  Jay,  had  worked  itself  to  the  southerly 
side  of  the  mountain  chain  through  which  it  had  passed  from  the  upper  part 
of  Gilead  in  an  easterly  direction,  and  thereby  nearly  out  of  them.  Finding 
less  obstruction  here  at  the  southerly  margin  of  the  hills  than  farther  east,  it 
was  turned  almost  square  about  in  a  southerly  direction,  and  spread  itself  over 
a  large  extent,  depositing,  while  in  motion,  as  it  passed  along,  the  sands  and 
heavier  gravels,  and  probably,  while  the  ice  prevailed,  heavy  bowlders,  thus 
forming  sand  bars  and  islands,  etc.,  which  now  constitute  the  swells  and  ridges 
and  irregular  curves  that  form  the  surface  of  that  part  of  the  country.  The 
channel  of  this  river  is  so  full  of  obstructions  that  but  a  small  part  of  it  can  be 
said  to  be  navigable. 

The  Drainage  District  of  the  Androscoggin  occupies  the  country  lying 
between  the  sea  on  the  southeast  and  the  northerly  outposts  of  the  White 
Mountains.  Its  southern  part  is  separated  from  the  Saco  basin  by  the 
hydrographic  area  of  the  Presumpscot  and  Royal,  but  is  conterminous  with  it 
in  the  northern  part.  Its  greatest  length  is  110  miles,  from  the  ocean  to  its 
remotest  sources;  greatest  breadth  is  70  miles,  from  Randolph,  N.  H.,  to 
Fayette.  The  area  in  Maine  is  about  2,750  square  miles ;  in  New  Hampshire 
about  850  square  miles;  of  this  nearly  the  whole  is  located  above  the  lowest 
mill  privilege  and  contributes  to  the  water-power  of  the  main  river.  Its 
elevation  is  considerably  greater  than  tliat  of  any  other  hydrographic  district 
in  the  state.  We  give  the  height  above  tide-water  of  some  points  situated 
upon  the  river  or  railroads:  Danville  Junction,  180  ft;  Auburn  (station), 
210  ft;  Lewiston,  212  ft;  Leeds,  260  ft;  Mechanic  Falls  (station),  270  ft; 
Oxford    (station),  310    ft;     East    Livermore    (station),  360  ft;     South   Paris 


36  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


(station),  370  ft;  Locke's  Mills  (station),  710  ft;  head  of  Rumford,  about 
600  ft;  Bethel  (station),  640  ft;  Androscoggin  river  at  Bethel,  620  ft; 
White's  Corner,  659  ft;  mouth  Pleasant  river,  about  632  ft;  Gilead,  700  ft; 
State  Line  (Grand  Trunk  Railway  crossing),  690  ft;  Gorham,  N.  H.  (station), 
802  ft;  head  of  Berlin  Falls,  N.  H.,  2,000  ft;  northeast  head  of  Magalloway 
river,  2,640  ft;  northwest  head  of  Magalloway  river,  2,917  ft.  The  high 
general  elevation  of  this  district,  combined  with  its  irregularity  of  surface, 
secures  a  large  amount  of  power  upon  the  streams  in  proportion  to  its  extent 
and  its  volume  of  annual  discharge.  The  yearly  precipitation  of  moisture 
upon  this  basin,  including  the  Maine  and  New  Hampshire  portions,  is  estimated 
as  nearly  338,000,000,000  cubic  feet ;  these  figures  are  based  upon  an  assumed 
average  downfall  of  42  inches. 

The  principal  tributaries  on  the  right  side  are  the  Little  Androscoggin 
received  at  Auburn ;  basin,  30  miles  in  length ;  15  miles  in  breadth ;  area, 
280  square  miles;  length  of  stream,  40  miles;  estimated  discharge,  10,120,- 
000,000  cubic  feet ;  Twenty-Mile  river  at  Turner ;  basin  length,  19  miles ; 
breadth,  13  miles;  area,  150  square  miles;  length  of  stream,  25  miles;  discharge, 
5,850,000,000  cubic  feet.  On  the  left  side  are  Sabattus,  at  Lisbon ;  length  of 
basin,  16  miles;  breadth,  7  miles;  area,  75  miles;  discharge,  2,925,000,000 
cubic  feet;  Dead  river,  at  Leeds;  length  of  basin,  22  miles;  breadth,  5  miles; 
area,  85  square  miles;  length  of  stream,  28  miles;  discharge,  33,000,000,000 
cubic  feet;  Webb's  river,  at  Dixfield ;  length  of  basin,  17  miles;  breadth, 
11  miles;  area,  135  square  miles;  length  of  stream,  23  miles;  discliarge, 
5,265,000,000  cubic  feet;  Swift  river,  at  Mexico;  basin,  22  miles  in  length; 
8  miles  in  breadth;  area,  133  square  miles;  length  of  stream,  24  miles;  dis- 
charge, 5,187,000,000  cubic  feet;  and  Ellis  river,  at  Rumford;  basin  length, 
18  miles;  breadth,  13  miles;  area,  150  square  miles;  length  of  stream,  25 
miles ;  discharge  5,850,000,000  cubic  feet.  Its  most  valuable  water-power  sec- 
tion, from  Rumford  Falls  to  the  tide,  is  75  miles  long;  but  in  reality  it  is  a 
water-power  river  in  its  whole  length  from  the  lakes  to  Brunswick,  150  miles. 
The  estimated  discliarge  from  the  basin  for  the  year  amounts  to  135,000,000,000 
cubic  feet.  Of  this  nearly  the  whole  is  tributary  to  the  working  power  of  the 
river.  The  natural  inconstancy  of  the  river  is  already  overcome  to  a  great 
extent,  and  can  be  to  a  far  higher  degree  by  the  use  of  its  great  reservoirs 
for  storage  purposes,  and  this  at  little  expense.  The  range  from  lowest  to 
highest  water,  at  Lewiston,  is  eight  feet;  Lisbon,  seven  feet;  Livermore,  eight 
feet.  From  the  origin  of  the  Androscoggin  to  the  tide  at  Brunswick  is  150 
miles,  with  a  fall  of  1,256  feet.  The  mean  slope  is  8.33  feet  to  the  mile,  corre- 
sponding to  an  angular  depression  of  5'.5  circular  measurement  per  mile.  The 
principal  reservoirs  of  the  Androscoggin  and  its  tributaries  number  83  principal 
lakes  and  ponds,  with  156.25  square  miles  of  surface,  but  the  aggregate  of 
lake  surface  in  the  Androscoggin  basin  is  213  square  miles,  or  one  square  mile 


The  Androscoggin  River.  37 

to  17  square  miles  of  basin.  At  the  low  stage  of  the  river,  water  from 
Umbagog  lake  reaches  Lewiston  in  from  36  to  48  hours.  If  the  mean  volume 
of  water  that  can,  in  the  present  state  of  the  reservoirs,  be  commanded  on 
the  river,  in  the  low  run  of  summer,  from  Rumford  falls  to  the  tide,  be  assumed 
to  be  75,000  cubic  feet  per  minute  for  11  hours  per  day,  the  total  power  of 
this  section  of  the  river  is  85,200  horse-power,  gross  measurement,  for  the 
hours  specified,  or  3,747,600  spindles. 

Water  Powers. —  That  valuable  compilation,  "  Wells's  Water  Power  of 
Maine,"  published  in  1869,  gave,  from  authentic  and  official  information, 
closely  accurate  statistics  concerning  all  privileges  of  water-power  in  this 
county.  We  extract  this  portion  as  it  gives  a  full  description  of  the  powers 
that  have  brought  so  much  wealth  and  prosperity  to  this  section,  and  a  state- 
ment of  the  manufacturing  condition  at  that  day.  The  development  since 
belongs  to  the  history  of  the  towns. 

Auburn.  —  Auburn  falls  is  on  the  Little  Androscoggin  river,  immediately 
east  of  the  Grand  Trunk  railway.  The  foot  of  the  falls  is  about  one-fourth 
of  a  mile  from  the  Androscoggin  river.  The  total  height  is  70  feet,  obtained 
in  a  running  distance  of  150  rods.  The  bottom  of  the  stream  is  a  solid  ledge, 
and  affords  unsurpassed  sites  for  the  firm  establishment  of  dams.  The  banks 
are  steep  and  ledgy,  and  offer  good  sites  for  mills.  The  volume  of  water 
employed  at  Mechanic  Falls  is,  as  reported,  nearly  20,000  cubic  feet  per 
minute  for  the  ordinary  manufacturing  hours  at  the  low  stage  of  water. 
It  is  probably  reasonable  to  infer  the  low  run  at  Auburn  to  be  22,000  feet 
per  minute  for  the  same  hours,  as  the  contributions  of  several  ponds  improved 
for  reservoirs  as  well  as  of  various  streams  are  received  below  Mechanic  Falls. 
This  would  give  a  gross  poAver  of  2,780  horse  on  the  whole  fall  or  114,800 
spindles.  This  result,  so  remarkable  for  a  stream  which  drains  only  280 
square  miles,  is  obtained  by  the  improvement  of  its  numerous  and  capacious 
reservoirs  whose  capacity  is  not  yet  fully  developed.  There  are  a  saw-mill, 
box-mill,  and  batting-mill  on  the  privilege  ;  these  operate  all  the  year. 

The  power  on  Taylor  brook,  the  outlet  of  Taylor  pond,  which  covers  about 
two  square  miles,  has  four  feet  of  storage  ;  about  fifty  rods  from  the  Maine 
Central  railroad  track,  twelve  feet  fall ;  is  capable  of  carrying  three  runs  of 
flour-stones  under  a  nine-foot  head  in  the  summer  months. 

Ryerson's  Privilege  on  the  Little  Androscoggin  river  is  eight  miles  below 
Mechanic  Falls,  and  three  miles  from  Lewiston.  Twenty  feet  head  can  be 
had.  There  is  no  improvement.  There  were  formerly  a  saw-mill,  grist-mill,  a 
shingle  and  clapboard  machine  owned  by  Nicholas  Ryerson.  This  privilege 
is  in  receipt  of  all  the  water  commanded  at  Mechanic  Falls,  and  the  available 
power  is  inferred  to  be  about  840  horse-power  or  33,000  spindles. 

Near  the  outlet  of  the  Little  Wilson  pond  is  a  saw-mill.  The  pond  is  used 
for  a  reservoir.     There  is  also   a  saw-mill  below,  near  Wilson  Pond  (Lake 


38  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Auburn).  At  the  outlet  of  this  body  of  water  there  is  a  fall  of  seven  feet, 
which  can  be  increased  to  twelve  ;  here  are  peg,  saw,  grist,  and  box  mills,  and 
a  furniture  factory.  The  pond  covers  1,968  acres,  upon  which  a  head  of  eight 
feet  is  commanded. 

Lpwisfon.— Five  powers.  First ;  Lewiston  Falls,  on  the  Androscoggin  river 
twenty  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Kennebec  and  forty  miles  by  the 
river  from  the  ocean.  They  are  formed  by  gneiss  and  mica  schist,  crossing  the 
river  diagonally,  and  so  extended  as  to  form  the  bottom  and  sides  of  the  stream 
above  and  below  the  falls  and  projecting  above  the  water  in  several  small  rocky 
islets  that  serve  as  abutments  to  the  dams.  The  natural  fall  is  thirty-eight  feet, 
which,  with  dams  of  an  average  height  of  about  twelve  feet,  produces  an 
available  power  of  fully  fifty  feet  head.  This  descent  is  attained  in  a  hori- 
zontal distance  of  600  feet.  The  volume  of  water  at  its  lowest  stage  is  94,000 
cubic  feet  per  minute,  eleven  hours  a  day.  The  water  is  under  such  perfect 
control  that  the  total  run  of  the  river  in  drouth  is  economized,  none  going  to 
waste  by  night  or  on  Sundays.  The  enormous  increase  in  the  volume  of  water 
now  used  is  58,000  cubic  feet  per  minute.  At  lowest  run,  8,900  horse-power, 
gross  measurement,  or  356,000  spindles.  Of  this  5,450  horse-power  is  now  in 
use.  The  available  power  can  be  doubled  or  trebled,  as  required.  It  is 
perfectly  secure  against  all  possible  contingencies  of  ice  or  flood.  Total  range 
from  lowest  to  highest  water  on  the  dams  is  about  eight  feet.  The  land  also  is 
exceedingly  favorable  for  the  location  of  manufacturing  establishments,  there 
being  two  natural  levels  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  the  lower  allowing  twenty- 
two  feet  fall,  the  upper  twenty-eight  feet,  and  there  being  also  abundant  room 
for  factories  employing  the  whole  power.  Brick  and  stone  are  easily  pro- 
curable. There  are  four  dams'  860  feet  in  aggregate  length,  guard  locks  with 
seven  sluiceways  nine  by  twelve  feet ;  main  canal  sixty-four  feet  in  average 
breadth  in  the  clear,  and  designed  for  twelve  feet  depth  of  water ;  cross  canal 
forty  feet  broad  in  the  clear,  ten  feet  of  water.  The  dams  and  guard  locks  are 
constructed  of  split  granite  in  the  most  solid  manner.  The  power  is  owned  by 
the  Franklin  Company. 

The  various  manufacturing  companies  now  in  occupation  of  the  power  are: 

Bates  Manufacturimi  Company,  incorporated  in  1850;  commenced  operations  in  1852: 
capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  two  cotton  mills;  one  woolen;  40,000  spindles;  eight  sets  of 
machinery;  850  femalos  and  350  males  employed;  800  horse-power;  six  turbine  water- 
wheels;  l)uildin(:;s,  brick;  annual  cotton  production,  5,707,372  yards  cloth  (1,417,949 
l)ounds) ;  woolen,  22(),155  yards  cloth  (146,912  pounds). 

11  ill  Mamtfacturinff  Company,  incorporated,  in  1850;  conunenced  operations  in  1854; 
capital  stock,  $700,000;  two  mills;  51,200  spindles;  800  females  and  200  males  employed; 
800  horse-power;  four  turbine  water-wheels;  brick  buildings;  annual  production,  7,037,353 
yards  of  cotton  cloth  (1,753,770  pounds). 

Androscofjffin  Mills,  incorporated  and  commenced  operations  in  1860;  capital  stock, 
$1,000,000;  two  mills  of  brick;  50,000  spindles ;  788  females  and  312  males  employed;  800 


The  Androscoggin  River.  39 

horse-power ;  five  turbine  water-wheels ;  6,500,000  yards  cotton  cloth  manufactured  a  year, 
equal  to  1,750,000  pounds,  and  1,800,000  grain  bags  weighing  as  many  pounds. 

Continental  Mills,  incovpovBited  in  1865;  commenced  operations  in  1866;  capital  stock, 
$900,000;  one  mill  of  brick;  27,000  spindles;  395  females  and  175  males  employed;  440 
horse-power;  three  turbine  water-wheels;  5,600,000  yards  of  cotton  cloth  manufactured 
per  year,  weight  1 ,400,000  pounds. 

Franklin  Company,  incorporated  in  1854;  commenced  operations  in  1857.  This  com- 
pany owns  the  water-power,  canals,  and  land  around  the  falls  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
and  several  hundred  acres  of  land  around  the  more  thickly  settled  portion  of  the  city. 
It  owns  the  Lincoln  Mill,  of  20,000  spindles;  285  females  and  143  males  employed;  two 
turbine  water-wheels;  cotton  goods  are  maiuifactured ;  2,800,000  yards  per  year  (750,000 
pounds) ;  the  grist-mill  building,  occupied  by  Bradley  &  Co.,  flour  and  meal  manufacturers; 
D.  Cowan  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  woolen  and  cotton  yarns,  employing  27  females  and 
25  males;  H.  H.  Dickey,  manufacturer  of  belting  and  covering  rollers,  employing  10  men; 
three  turbine  water-wheels;  a  saw-mill  occupied  by  S.  R.  Bearce  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of 
lumber;  five  water-wheels;  Lewiston  Bleachery  and  Dye  Works,  occupied  by  N.  W.  Farwell; 
capacity  for  bleaching  and  dyeing  eight  tons  per  day  ;  14  females  and  204  males  employed; 
one  turbine  water-wheel;  several  machine  shops;  two  turbines. 

Leiviston  Mills,  incorporated  and  commenced  operations  in  1853;  capital  stock,  .$500,000  ; 
two  mills  of  brick;  17,880  spindles;  460  females  and  211  males  employed;  450  horse-power ; 
three  turbine  water-wheels;  cotton  and  jute  manufactured;  764,619  yards  cloth  (1,241,776 
pounds)  per  year;  jute  used,  1,679,281  pounds;  cotton  and  jute  bags,  1,233,423  per  year. 

Lewiston  Falls  Mafinfactiiring  Company,  incorporated  and  commenced  operations  in 
1834;  John  M.  Frye,  agent;  capital  stock,  $60,000;  two  mills,  brick  and  wood;  six  sets  of 
machinery;  45  females  and  40  males  employed;  two  water-wheels;  225,000  yards  of  woolen 
cloth  manufactured  per  year. 

Leiviston  Lower  Poteer  of  1,500  horse,  two  miles  below  Lewiston  Falls  on 
the  Androscoggin  river,  has  not  been  improved.  Two  miles  up  the  river  at 
Deer  Rips  there  is  unimproved  power  of  at  least  2,500  horse  ;  the  two 
together  are  sufficient  to  drive  cotton  mills  containing  250,000  spindles. 
Barker's  Mills  on  Barker's  Mill  stream,  fall  twenty  feet  in  twenty  rods,  has 
a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill ;  both  operate  three  months,  and  the  grist-mill  nearly 
the  whole  year.  Stream  fed  by  Berry  pond.  Owned  by  J.  B.  Ham  &  Co.  The 
privilege  at  the  outlet  of  Nonanac  pond  falls  twelve  feet  in  twelve  rods  and 
has  power  sufficient  to  drive  one  run  of  stones  the  whole  year.  The  pond  is 
flowed  a  little  and  can  be  flowed  so  as  to  cover  300  acres. 

Lisbon. —  Eight  powers.  One  at  Lisbon  Falls  on  the  Androscoggin  river 
in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  town.  There  were  originally  two  falls  about 
900  feet  apart,  giving  together  a  natural  fall  of  thirty -one  feet  in  the  1,800 
feet,  which  is  increased  by  the  elevation  of  the  dam  to  thirty-three  feet.  The 
upper  fall,  just  below  which  the  dam  was  located,  is  formed  by  a  ledge  of 
granite  making  directly  across  an  island  about  300  feet  distant  to  the  opposite 
shore  650  feet  farther.  This  ledge  extends  for  more  than  half  a  mile  down 
the  river  on  both  sides,  giving  the  best  possible  foundation  for  manufacturing 
establishments.     The  dam  is  in  two  sections  each  resting  on  the  island.     It 


40  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


is  built  on  the  ledge  about  eight  feet  lower  than  the  brow  of  the  natural  fall, 
and  having  an  average  height  of  ten  feet,  raises  the  water  but  two  feet  above 
its  natural  level.  It  is  constructed  of  hewn  timber  in  crib-work,  the  lower 
tier  fitted  to  the  irregularities  in  the  ledge,  and  firmly  secured  with  bolts. 
Tlie  cribs  are  filled  with  rock-ballast  and  covered  with  hard-wood  plank.  The 
whole  work  and  materials  were  designed  to  make  it  equal  or  superior  to  any 
dam  in  the  country  not  built  of  stone,  and  it  is  believed  to  be  strong  enough 
to  withstand  any  force  to  which  it  may  be  subjected.  The  volume  of  water  in 
the  dry  season,  estimated  from  that  at  Lewiston  with  allowance  for  the  addi- 
tions of  the  Little  Androscoggin  and  Sabattus  rivers,  is  122,000  cubic  feet  of 
water  per  minute,  during  working  time  of  eleven  hours  per  day,  six  days  in 
the  week. 

The  improvement  of  the  lakes  by  which  the  run  of  water  at  Lewiston 
would  be  increased,  would  operate  to  the  same  extent  in  favor  of  the  power 
at  this  point.  Without  any  increase  in  the  dry  season  the  power  is  equal  to 
7,623  horse-power  gross  or  305,000  spindles.  But  a  trifling  amount  of  this, 
large  power  is  yet  in  use.  The  expense  of  making  the  balance  available  has 
been  pronounced  by  competent  engineers  very  small  compared  with  other 
points  with  the  same  extent  of  power.  The  lay  of  the  land  is  favorable  for 
manufacturing  establishments,  with  sufficient  room  for  utilizing  the  whole 
power.     The  power  is  owned  by  the  Androscoggin  Water  Power  Company. 

The  only  company  in  occupation  of  the  power  is  the  Worumbo  Mannfact- 
urinii  Company^  incorporated  in  1861  with  a  capital  stock  of  $250,000.  There 
are  two  mills  with  ten  sets  of  cards ;  all-wool  beavers  are  manufactured.  One 
hundred  males  and  seventy -five  females  are  employed ;  pay-roll,  $6,500  ;  150 
horse-power  is  used,  and  two  turbine  water-wheels ;  annual  production,  120,000 
yards  six-fourths  wide  (225,000  pounds)  of  finished  cloth.  Building  materials, 
both  stone  and  wood,  are  readily  obtained.  The  Water  Power  Company  owns 
two  saw-mills  supplied  with  abundance  of  pine  and  hemlock  from  the  sur- 
rounding country,  A  slight  elevation  in  the  reservoir  above  the  dam  would 
make  the  power  nearly  double  that  used  at  Lewiston. 

There  are  two  privileges  at  Factory  village  on  Sabattus  river  owned 
by  N.  W.  Farwell.  The  upper  one  has  a  fall  of  ten  feet;  is  under  im- 
provement ;  a  double  turbine  wheel  is  used ;  power,  175  horse.  The  lower 
fall  has  an  old  grist-and-saw-mill ;  fall,  twenty  feet ;  power,  325  horse.  The 
stream  is  connected  with  great  Sabattus  pond  with  supply  of  water  constant 
and  freshets  not  destructive.  At  Lisbon  Plains  on  the  same  river  about 
one-third  of  a  mile  from  the  Androscoggin  river  is  an  unimproved  power  of 
twenty  feet  fall,  owned  by  B.  Farnsworth  and  others.  About  one-fourth  of 
a  mile  above  is  a  fall  of  twelve  feet,  the  property  of  the  Paper  Company.  The 
mill  built  in  1866  manufactures  one  and  a  half  tons  newspaper  per  day; 
machinery   best   quality.      Next   above   is  the    property  of    the    Farnsworth 


The  Androscoggin  River.  41 

Manufacturing  Company ;  fall,  thirteen  feet ;  a  woolen  mill  built  in  1865  has 
first-class  machinery  and  manufactures  30,000  yards  per  month  of  "  three- 
fourths  "  goods ;  spare  power  except  in  drouth.  The  seventh  and  eighth 
powers  are  on  Little  river,  near  its  junction  with  the  Androscoggin. 

Durham  has  three  water-powers.  One  on  the  outlet  of  a  small  pond  in  the 
western  part  of  the  town  has  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill  which  cuts  40,000  feet 
3^early ;  one  in  the  northeast  part  on  a  small  stream  has  a  grist  and  shingle 
mill.  One  near  Southwest  Bend  has  grist,  saw,  shingle  and  clapboard  mills 
which  cut  40,000  feet  of  boards  annually.  The  mills  work  about  eight  months 
in  the  year. 

Wehister.  —  There  are  four  powers  on  Sabattus  pond.  First  fall,  twelve 
feet ;  second,  fourteen  feet ;  third,  twelve  feet ;  fourth,  eighteen  feet.  Dams 
and  mills  upon  each  fall ;  the  mills  operate  all  of  the  year  ;  a  large  amount  of 
unused  power;  privileges  all  owned  in  town.  Sabattus  pond  covers  four 
square  miles  and  is  dammed.  Its  reservoir  capacity  could  be  much  increased. 
Stream  safe  and  constant  with  abundant  water  throughout  the  year.  The 
power  may  be  inferred,  as  below  at  Factory  Fall  in  Lisbon,  175-horse  is  secured 
on  a  ten-foot  fall  with  a  turbine  wheel.  There  is  building  stone  on  the  fourth 
fall  only,  abundant  and  good.  Land  upon  each  of  the  falls  level  and 
convenient  for  the  location  of  mills.     One-third  of  the  basin  covered  by  woods. 

Cfreene.  —  There  are  four  water-powers.  One  on  Sabattus  stream  with 
fifteen  feet  fall  from  top  of  dam  to  vent  of  wheels ;  two-thirds  of  the  fall  is 
secured  by  the  dam.  Another  is  on  Meadow  brook  where  a  saw  and  shingle 
mill  is  operated  fall  and  spring.  There  are  two  powers  on  the  outlet  stream  of 
Allen's  pond  which  are  more  valuable  than  the  others ;  formerly  there  were 
grist,  shingle,  and  carding  mills  upon  them.  The  fall  is  twenty  and  twenty- 
five  feet.  The  water  holds  out  the  year  round  with  an  excellent  chance  for 
dams.  A  saw-mill  operates  four  months  in  the  year,  and  a  grist-mill  all  the 
year.     No  damage  from  freshets;  annual  production,  $7,000. 

Leeds  has  eight  water-powers.  On  Cushman's  mill  stream  are  grist-mills,  in 
former  years  used  only  for  saw-mills.  Fifty  rods  below  are  shingle  machines, 
etc.  One  on  Coffin's  mill  stream ;  here  are  saw  and  shingle  mills.  That  on 
Bridgliam  stream  is  unimproved,  but  had  formerly  a  grist  and  a  carding  mill. 
There  was  formerly  a  grist-mill  on  Mason  brook  ;  power  not  used.  There  is  a 
shingle  mill  on  a  small  stream  in  the  north  part  of  the  town.  Two  powers  are 
unused ;  one  in  the  northwest  part  operates  a  shingle-mill,  and  a  small  but 
good  power  in  southwest  part  where  was  formerly  a  saw-mill.  These  powers, 
though  not  large,  are  susceptible  of  more  use.  Androscoggin  pond  on  the 
confines  of  Leeds  is  connected  with  the  Androscoggin  river  by  Dead  stream, 
and  as  the  pond  lies  on  the  same  level  as  the  river  the  waters  flow  in  and  out 
according  to  the  stage  of  the  river.  Could  be  stored  at  high  water  and  held 
for  reserve. 


42  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


East  Livermore.—A  privilege  with  small  power  on  Johnny  brook  works  about 
half  the  time.  There  is  a  similar  one  on  Norris's  brook.  Livermore  Falls  on 
the  Androscoggin  has  a  natural  fall  twenty-two  feet  in  thirty  rods,  upper  fall 
fourteen  feet,  then  eight  feet  fall  in  thirty  rods.  The  dam  located  on  the 
crest  of  the  upper  fall  is  seven  feet  high,  making  the  total  head  and  fall 
twenty-nine  feet.  It  can  be  raised  seven  feet.  The  power  due  to  the  total 
available  fall  (thirty-six  feet),  the  volume  of  water  being  assumed  fifteen  per 
cent,  less  tlian  at  Lewiston,  or  79,900  cubic  feet  per  minute  at  the  lowest  run, 
is  5,436  horse-power  gross,  or  217,400  spindles.  In  1867  the  proprietors 
built  a  very  excellent  dam  of  crib  work  filled  in  with  stone  in  its  whole  extent 
(as  strong  a  construction  as  can  be  made  except  of  split  granite)  with  a  view 
to  future  enlargement,  and  it  can  be  raised  seven  feet  without  damage  to 
flowing.  The  land  on  both  sides  of  the  river  is  peculiarly  well  adapted  to  the 
location  of  manufacturing  establishments.  The  rock  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  falls  is  lit  for  foundation  and  other  rough  work.  Excellent  granite  is 
abundant  within  two  miles.  Building  bricks  of  excellent  quality  were 
delivered  at  the  Falls  in  1868  for  six  dollars  per  thousand.  Of  the  5,436 
horse-power  probably  not  over  one  hundred  is  in  use  which  operates  a  saw- 
mill, grist-mill,  and  some  small  establishments.  The  Rocomeka  Company  is 
the  chief  proprietor  of  the  power.  It  owns  the  saw-mill,  and  a  building  eighty 
by  thirty  feet,  three  stories  high,  and  a  fifty-horse  steam-boiler  attached  for 
heating  purposes.  This  privilege  is  regarded  as  next  to  Lewiston  in  sum  of 
power,  but  not  in  availability  and  facilities  for  improvement. 

Liiwnnore.  —  Twelve  powers.  Five  on  a  stream  from  Long  pond.  A 
saw-mill  near  the  outlet,  with  a  fall  of  nine  feet;  600  square  inches  of  water- 
in  use;  a  giist-mill  below,  with  a  fall  of  twelve  feet;  300  square  inches  of 
water;  pill-box  factory  has  a  fall  of  ten  feet;  a  rake  factory,  fall  twelve 
feet;  a  saw-mill,  fifteen  feet  fall.  On  a  stream  from  Turner  pond  at  the  outlet 
is  an  unimproved  power;  fall,  eight  feet;  capacity,  1,200  square  inches.  A 
short  distance  below  is  a  grist-mill ;  fall,  fifteen  feet ;  capacity,  1,200  square 
inches  of  water ;  center-vent  wheels.  On  the  same  stream,  opposite  the 
mill,  is  an  unimproved  privilege,  with  equal  capacity  to  that  of  the  grist-mill. 
These  three  privileges  are  owned  by  Hollis  Turner,  Esq.  Just  below  the 
grist-mill  is  a  building  with  various  saws;  the  fall  is  nine  feet;  capacity, 
2,500  square  inches.  This  mill  does  a  good  business  at  flood  of  water,  spring 
and  fall.  Ownership,  Lewiston  Company.  About  half  a  mile  below,  on  the 
same  stream,  this  conq^any  owns  another  water-power,  not  improved,  equal  to 
or  better  in  many  respects,  than  the  improved  one.  There  are  two  smaller 
powers  on  separate  streams  with  a  shingle-mill  on  each. 

Turner. — Turiier  Centre  falls  on  the  Androscoggin  ten  miles  above  Lew- 
iston has  twelve  feet  fall ;  excellent  opportunity  for  canals  and  dam  ;  hard 
bottom  and  banks ;    abundant  stone.     If  the  volume  of  water  at  low  run  be 


The  Androscoggin  River.  43 

assumed  to  be  five  per  cent,  less  than  at  Lewiston,  or  89,300  cubic  feet  per 
minute  for  eleven  hours  per  day,  the  gross  power  of  the  fall  is  about  2,030 
horse,  or  81,200  spindles.     The  power  can  be  vastly  increased  by  reservoirs. 

North  Turner  falls  at  North  Turner  bridge,  sixteen  miles  above  Lewiston, 
fall  thirteen  feet.  The  natural  force  of  the  water  is  so  great  that  a  saw- 
mill has  been  run  here  by  its  means.  The  sites  for  mills  are  excellent,  and 
canal  facilities  of  the  best.  An  island  in  the  river  diminishes  the  required 
length  of  dam.  If  the  volume  of  water  at  low  run  be  assumed  as  ten  per 
cent,  less  than  at  Lewiston,  or  84,600  cubic  feet  per  minute  for  eleven  hours 
a  day,  the  gross  power  of  the  fall  at  thirteen  feet  is  2,080  horse-power,  or 
83,200  spindles.  There  are  six  powers  at  Turner,  viz. :  one  on  Martin  stream 
at  outlet  of  Bear  pond  ;  saw-mill  can  cut  600,000  feet  annually ;  fall  ten 
feet;  one  at  North  Turner  village  three-fourths  of  a  mile  below,  lumber, 
grist,  and  carding  mills,  and  carriage  factory,  could  cut  a  million  feet  annually; 
fall  ten  feet.  At  Chase's  Mills  there  is  a  saw-and-shingle-mill,  and  hub  and 
bowl  factory.  On  Twenty-Mile  river  at  Turner  village  there  is  a  woolen 
factory,  grist-mill,  lumber-mill,  and  carriage  factory  doing  a  large  amount  of 
business ;  fall  about  twelve  feet.  At  Bradford  village  on  the  same  river  there 
is  a  fall  of  twelve  feet.  This  power  is  capable  of  a  large  amount  of  business 
if  properly  improved.  At  the  mouth  of  Twenty-Mile  river  is  a  fall  of  eleven 
feet,  with  saw  and  grist  mill  ;  power  enough  for  more  business. 

Minot  and  Poland. — There  are  four  powers  on  the  Little  Androscoggin 
river.  First,  Mechanic  Falls ;  fall,  thirty-seven  feet  in  950  feet  distance ; 
velocity  of  current  ninety-six  feet  per  minute.  Area  of  cross  section  270 
square  feet.  Power  not  half  improved ;  partially  improved  in  paper  making. 
There  is  a  first-class  stone  dam  at  the  head  of  the  fall ;  a  wooden  dam  midway 
and  space  for  another  dam  below.  Power  is  owned  by  A.  C.  Denison  &  Co. 
The  mills  operate  all  the  year.  On  the  upper  dam,  fourteen  feet  head,  eleven 
turbine  wheels  now  operate  of  405  horse-power ;  hence  the  volume  of  water 
for  the  working  hours  of  the  day  must  be  equal  to  20,000  cubic  feet  per 
minute,  and  the  power  of  the  whole  fall  for  the  same  hours,  1,053  horse. 
Second,  Page's  Mills  has  a  fall  of  fourteen  feet  in  1,500  feet  distance.  Volume 
of  water  same  as  at  Mechanic  Falls  less  Waterhouse  brook,  which  is  3,000 
cubic  feet  per  minute.  Power  partially  improved  in  sawing  lumber,  in  the 
manufacture  of  sash  and  doors,  and  grist-mill;  mills  operate  all  the  year; 
power  owned  by  Moses  Page  and  A.  A.  Bucknam.  Third,  Hackett's  Mills 
has  a  fall  thirteen  feet  in  250.  Volume  of  water  same  as  at  Mechanic  Falls 
plus  Bog  brook,  1,500  cubic  feet  per  minute.  Improved  in  part  in  saw-mills ; 
power  owned  by  J.  T.  Waterman  and  Willard  Buck;  mills  operate  all  the 
year.  Fourth,  Minot  Corner ;  fall,  eleven  and  one-half  feet  in  500  run. 
Volume  of  water  same  as  at  Hackett's  Mills,  with  the  addition  of  a  small 
tributary.     Improved  in  part   by  saw  and  grist  mills,  which  operate  all   the 


44  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


year.  Owned  by  A.  S.  Freeman,  Willard  Buck,  and  others.  Sites  for 
building  upon  the  privileges  excellent.  Freshets  harmless,  the  reservoirs 
holding  back  the  great  body  of  water. 

Mlnot. —  The  other  three  powers  here  are  Faunce's  Mill,  on  Bog  brook; 
fall,  twelve  and  one-half  feet  in  fifty  feet ;  operates  part  of  the  year.  West 
Minot  falls,  on  Bog  stream;  fall,  twenty- two  and  one -half  feet  in  five 
hundred  feet.  Hilburn  falls,  on  Bog  stream;  power  not  used.  The  first  and 
second  are  partially  improved  in  saw-mills  and  a  planing-mill.  The  stream 
will  run  the  planing-mill  all  the  year.  One-third  of  the  basin  covered  with 
woods. 

PoJaiuJ.  —  Three  powers.  PoLand  Corner  privilege  on  Waterhouse  brook; 
fall,  eighteen  feet  in  350  feet ;  velocity  of  current,  100  feet  per  minute ;  area 
of  cross  section,  thirty  square  feet ;  improved  in  part  by  a  grist-mill  and 
saw-mill ;  a  good  stone  dam  across  the  head  of  the  falls  ;  mills  operate  all 
the  year.  Shaker  mill ;  fall,  forty-two  feet  in  250  feet  distance  ;  a  thirty-foot 
overshot  wheel  runs  a  large  amount  of  machinery  all  the  year  for  grinding, 
sawing,  planing,  machine  shops,  carding,  etc.  West  Poland  Mill  Company, 
on  Saunders's  brook ;  an  eighteen-foot  overshot  wheel,  saw-mill,  operating 
half  the  year.     Power  could  be  increased  to  some  extent  by  fiowing  meadows. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


ABORIGINAL   TRIBES   AND   HISTORY. 


By  J.  G.  Elder. 


THE  early  voyagers  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  Gosnold,  Pring,  and  Weymouth, 
were  strongly  impressed  with  the  peculiar  character,  manners,  and 
customs  of  the  aboriginal  inhabitants.  They  were,  in  some  respects, 
unlike  any  people  seen  by  the  natives  of  Europe,  although  they  were  regarded 
by  them  as  closely  allied  to  the  people  of  the  East.  Their  descriptions  of  this 
new-found  race  are  brief  but  quite  exact,  and  one  of  them  — Weymouth kid- 
napped several  of  the  natives  and  carried  them  to  England,  in  order  that  those 
who  were  interested  in  colonization  might  learn  something  of  the  country  and 
its  strange  inhabitants.  The  celebrated  Captain  John  Smith,  who  visited  our 
coast  in  1614,  and  who  had  been  familiar  with  the  savages  of  Virginia,  refers 


Aboriginal,  Tribes  and  History.  45 

to  these  as  being  essentially  like  those  of  the  South.  Richard  Vines,  who  was 
here  in  1(317-18,  mingled  much  witli  the  Indians,  visited  their  wigwams,  was  a 
witness  of  the  great  mortality  which  so  decimated  the  settlements  on  the  New 
England  coast  that  much  of  it  was  abandoned,  speaks  of  tlieir  simple  habits, 
their  fortitude,  and  the  apparent  indifference  with  which  they  met  their  fate. 

At  this  time  there  were  five  distinct  tribes  that  occupied  what  is  now  the 
state  of  Maine.  The  Sokokis  inhabited  the  valley  of  the  Saco  river,  but  were 
most  numerous  near  its  head  waters,  their  villages  being  located  on  the 
alluvial  lands  of  Fryeburg  and  Conway,  New  Hampshire.  The  Pegwakets  and 
the  Ossipees,  if  not  a  part  of  the  tribe,  were  branches  of  it.  In  1725  they 
were  attacked  by  Captain  Lovewell  and  in  a  sanguinary  and  disastrous  battle 
their  power  was  completely  broken,  and  the  most  of  the  tribe,  disheartened  by 
their  misfortunes,  retired  to  Canada. 

The  Anasagunticooks  were  a  numerous  and  powerful  tribe,  and  their 
hunting-grounds  covered  the  entire  valley  of  the  Androscoggin.  The  Canabas 
tribe  were  located  on  both  sides  of  the  Kennebec  river,  where  they  had  several 
important  villages.  The  Wawenocks  occupied  the  coast  between  the  Sheep- 
scot  and  St  Georges  rivers.  They  were  very  accurately  described  by  Captain 
John  Smith,  whose  intercourse  with  them  was  frequent  and  undisturbed. 
It  was  from  this  tribe  that  Captain  George  Weymouth  secured  those  he  carried 
to  England,  and  from  this  same  tribe  the  perfidious  Hunt  —  the  companion  of 
Captain  John  Smith  in  1G14  —  kidnapped  some  twenty-seven  and  carried  them 
to  Spain  and  sold  them  as  slaves.  The  Penobscots  were  unquestionably  the 
most  numerous  and  powerful.  They  inhabited  the  country  on  both  sides  of 
tlie  Penobscot  bay  and  river.  In  the  summer  they  occupied  the  land  near  the 
sea,  but  in  the  winter  tliey  retired  to  the  interior.  They  were  most  numerous 
near  the  falls  —  Oldtown  —  where  they  now  reside.  It  is  not  a  little  remark- 
able that  this  tribe,  now  numbering  about  five  hundred  persons,  still  occupies 
their  ancient  abode,  and  although  surrounded  by  American  people  and  insti- 
tutions and  also  under  the  care  of  the  state,  yet  they  retain  their  language 
and  religion,  and  most  of  the  habits  and  customs  which  have  come  down 
through  the  centuries,  and  in  all  probability  will  retain  them  for  centuries  to 
come,  or  until  the  tribe  becomes  extinct.  The  Passamaquoddies  were  found 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  their  tribal  home  being  near  the  lower  Schoodic 
lakes.  Their  present  number  is  about  five  hundred.  They  adhere  with  great 
tenacity  to  the  religious  forms  taught  them  by  the  Jesuits.  The  estimated 
population  of  these  tribes  in  1615  was  31,600.  It  was  supposed  these  tribes 
could  muster  8,800  warriors,  distributed  as  follows :  Sokokis,  900  warriors ; 
Anasagunticooks,  1,500  warriors;  Canabas,  1,500  warriors;  Wawenocks,  1,100 
warriors  ;  Penobscots,  2,400  warriors  ;  Passamaquoddies,  1,400  warriors. 

We  are  in  possession  of  very  little  information  in  relation  to  the  Anasagun- 
ticooks—  or  Androscoggin  Indians,  as  they  were  subsequently  called — before 


46  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


King  Philip's  war,  in  1675-6.  At  Brunswick  falls  they  had  an  encampment  or 
place  of  resort  and  a  fort.  Here  was  the  great  pass  between  the  eastern  and 
western  tribes,  and  during  the  Indian  wars  they  frequently  met  at  this 
camping-ground  and  planned  their  cruel  and  barbarous  attacks  upon  the 
defenceless  settlers.  At  Lewiston  falls  they  frequently  rendezvoued,  and  at 
an  early  day  had  a  fort  of  considerable  magnitude.  There  was  a  large  encamp- 
ment at  Canton,  covering  the  fine  interval  of  that  region.  Owing  to  their 
location  they  were  less  disturbed  in  their  hunting  and  fishing  and  suffered  less 
by  the. encroachments  upon  their  territory  than  any  other  tribe;  but  notwith- 
standing this  freedom  from  interruption,  none  were  more  hostile  or  vindictive 
towards  the  colonists.  The  Androscoggins  were  the  first  to  "dig  up"  the 
tomahawk  and  the  last  to  "bury"  it. 

Hardly  had  the  first  alarm  of  King  Philip's  war  reached  the  scattered  and 
defenceless  settlers  before  a  party  of  this  ferocious  tribe  came  to  the  plantation 
of  Thomas  Purchase,  in  Brunswick,  but  they  did  only  a  little  "  Mischief  save 
plundering  it  of  strong  Liquor  and  Ammunition,  also  killing  a  Calf  or  two 
with  a  few  Sheep,  but  no  more  than  what  they  eat,  and  spoiling  a  Feather-bed, 
by  ripping  it  open  to  turn  out  the  Feathers,  contenting  themselves  with  the 
Case,  which  they  might  more  easily  carry  away."  ....  "but  as  they  went 
away,  told  those  of  the  House,  that  there  were  others  coming  after,  that  would 
deal  far  worse  with  them,  which  within  a  short  Time  after  came  to  pass." 
Mr  Purchase  and  his  "sons  were  absent,  but  one  of  his  sons  who  returned 
wliile  the  savages  were  plundering  the  house,  wus  obliged  to  flee  for  his  life." 
Shortly  after  —  September  5,  1675,  —  they  destroyed  his  buildings  and  cattle, 
and  the  family  fled  to  Massachusetts,  but  never  returned  to  occupy  their 
possessions. 

The  Anasagunticooks  were  very  active  during  the  war  and  quite  a  number 
of  their  warriors  joined  Philip's  forces  in  Massachusetts,  and  "Sundry  of 
them,"  says  Hubbard,  "  came  short  of  Home."  It  was  their  purpose  to  unite 
all  of  the  tribes  in  a  crusade  against  the  whites,  and  to  accomplish  this  design, 
sent  representatives  to  the  Sokokis  in  order  to  induce  them  to  enter  heartily 
into  the  war,  making  it  one  of  extermination.  Philip  was  killed  August  12, 
1675,  and  in  the  following  winter  an  armistice  was  made  with  the  Indians  in 
the  western  part  of  Maine ;  but  this  did  not  include  the  Anasagunticooks  or 
the  Canabas.  During  the  early  part  of  1676  some  of  the  sagamores  visited 
Abraham  Shurte  at  Pemaquid  and  complained  of  the  treatment  received  from 
the  colonists.  Shurte  assured  them  that  justice  should  be  done,  and  then 
referred  to  the  happy  peace  which  had  been  made  with  the  Sokokis  and  other 
Indians,  which  might  become  general  if  the  Anasagunticooks  and  Canabas 
would  assent  to  it.  The  sagamores  seemed  pleased  with  the  interview  and 
soon  after  sent  a  "runner"  inviting  him  to  meet  them  in  council  at  "  Tecon- 
net."    Captain  Sylvanus  Davis  was  associated  with  Shurte,  and  they  proceeded 


Aboriginal  Tribes  and  History.  47 

at  once  to  Teconnet.  "We  come  now,"  said  the  agents,  "to  confirm  the 
peace,  especially  to  treat  with  the  Anasagunticooks.  We  wish  to  see  Squando, 
and  hear  Tarumkin  speak."  He  then  said:  "I  have  been  westward  where  I 
found  three  sagamores  wisliing  for  peace ;  many  Indians  unwilling.  I  love  the 
clear  streams  of  friendship,  that  meet  and  unite.  Certain,  I  myself,  clioose 
the  shades  of  peace.  My  heart  is  true,  and  I  give  you  my  hand  in  pledge  of 
the  truth."  The  professions  of  Tarumkin  and  the  other  chiefs  did  not  secure 
peace,  and  the  war  was  more  terrible  and  sanguinary,  if  possible,  than  before. 
Peace  did  not  come  to  the  disheartened  and  enfeebled  colonists  until  the 
winter  of  1678.  At  that  time  Massachusetts  appointed  commissioners  to  treat 
with  Squando  and  the  Anasagunticooks.  They  met  at  Casco  and  on  April  13, 
1678,  signed  articles  of  peace. 

The  close  of  the  war  was  the  occasion  of  universal  joy,  though  the  memo- 
ries of  the  struggle  caused  extreme  sorrow.  Almost  every  family  bore  the 
marks  of  grief,  as  there  were  few  who  had  not  lost  friends  or  property,  and 
many  had  been  bereft  of  both.  The  terms  of  peace  were  generally  considered 
disgraceful  to  the  Engiisli.  The  losses  sustained  in  life  were  extremely  pain- 
ful. About  two  hundred  and  sixty  were  known  to  have  been  killed  or  carried 
into  captivity  from  which  they  never  returned,  and  nearly  one  hundred  and 
fifty  were  made  captives  and  subsequently  released. 

There  had  been  only  ten  years  of  peace  when  King  William's  war  broke 
out  with  all  the  horrors  so  well  known,  and  dreaded,  in  savage  warfare. 
The  sagamore  of  the  Anasagunticooks,  Tarumkin,  had  been  succeeded  by 
Worombee,  who,  in  1684,  had  granted  large  tracts  of  land  on  the  Andros- 
coggin to  Richard  Wharton  of  Boston,  but  now  he  was  loud  in  his  protesta- 
tions against  the  encroachments  of  the  whites.  As  in  Philip's  war,  so  now 
this  tribe  was  ready  to  renew  the  conflict  with  the  colonists,  and  made  their 
first  attack  at  North  Yarmouth,  August  13,  1688.  The  war  was  prosecuted  by 
the  Indians  with  remarkable  vigor  and  cunning,  accompanied  by  all  the 
cruelties  peculiar  to  the  savages.  The  natives  of  the  Androscoggin  had 
exhibited  so  much  ferociousness  and  inhumanity,  that  the  Government  at 
Boston  determined  to  send  an  expedition,  under  the  command  of  the  celebrated 
Major  Church,  to  destroy  Worombee's  fort  at  the  upper  falls  of  the  Andros- 
coggin. He  arrived  here  September  14,  1690.  We  give  an  extract  from 
Church's  account  of  the  attack  and  capture  of  the  fort,  as  follows: 

"The  same  day  [September  13]  we  advanced  up  the  river  towards 
Amascogg,  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  river,  altho  the  way  was  extream 
difficult;  yett  it  was  a  more  obscure  way;  the  enemie  useing  to  march  on  the 
N.  E.  side.  We  marched  that  day  above  the  middle  falls  [Lisbon  falls] 
about  20  miles;  there  it  began  to  raine  hard;  where  we  encamped  and  built 
fifty  tents,  and  lay  there  that  night;  and  at  break  of  day  put  out  our  fires  and 
marched  as  soon  as  twas  light:     It  being  the  14th  instant  and  the  sabbath  day, 


48  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


the  soiildiers  marched  briskley  and  came  within  sight  of  the  fort  about  2  of  the 
cluck  in  the  afternoon ;  then  we  turned  into  the  woods,  and  fetched  a  circum- 
ference, and  waded  over  a  little  river  not  much  above  the  knees ;  and  in  short 
time  came  to  the  westerly  branch  [Little  Androscoggin]  of  the  Great  Rfver, 
and  there  left  our  baggage  and  those  men  that  were  tired,  and  made  them  up 
40  men  to  guard  the  Doctor;  and  looking  over  the  brow  of  a  hill  by  the  river, 
espied  two  English  captives  and  an  Indian,  moving  towards  the  fort;  ran  after 
them,  and  soon  took  the  English  but  the  Indian  got  clear.  Then  I  feared  he 
would  informe  the  fort:  gave  order,  that  all  with  one  consent  should  run 
throw  the  river  and  not  mind  any  otlier  forme ;  but  he  that  could  gett  first  to 
the  fort,  if  they  had  opportunity,  to  offer  them  peace.  If  they  would  not 
accept  to  fall  on,  and  by  that  time  they  were  well  entered  the  rest  would  be 
come  up ;  also  I  gave  order  for  2  companies  to  spread  between  the  woods  and 
the  fort  to  prevent  the  escape  of  the  enemie  that  way  —  all  which  was  attended 
to.  We  were  very  wett  running  throw  the  river,  but  got  up  undiscovered  to 
the  fort  till  within  shott ;  few  Indians  we  found  there,  but  two  men  and  a  lad 
of  about  18 ;  with  some  women  and  children ;  5  ran  into  the  river,  3  or  4  of 
which  were  killed.  The  lad  of  18  made  his  escape  up  the  river  to  another 
place  where  there  was  corn  [  Canton  Point  ]  about  40  or  50  miles  up,  after- 
wards we  were  well  informed.  We  killed  6  or  7  and  took  eleven.  Lodged  in 
the  fort  that  night.  Only  one  of  our  men  was  wounded  in  that  little  scirmish. 
We  made  use  of  noe  other  firewood  but  the  fort  all  the  time  we  were  there. 
Munday  being  the  15th  instant,  we  having  examined  the  Indians  and  the 
English  captives,  made  search  for  come  and  other  plunder.  We  found  a  prety 
deal  of  corn  in  barnes  under  ground,  and  destroyed  it ;  also  we  found  guns 
and  amunition  a  prety  deal,  with  beaver  and  we  took  5  English  captives,  viz.: 
Leiut.  Robert  Hookins  his  widow  of  Oyster  River ;  Benjamin  Barnards  wife 
of  Salmon  Falls;  Ann  Heard  of  Cochecho ;  one  Willises  daughter  of  Oyester 
River,  and  a  boy  of  Exeter."  ..."  We  left  two  old  squaws  that  were 
not  able  to  march;  gave  them  victuals  enough  for  one  week  of  their  own  boiled 
corn,  and  a  little  of  our  provisions,  buried  their  dead,  and  left  them  clothes 
enough  to  keep  them  warme,  and  left  the  wigwams  for  them  to  lye  in, — gave 
them  orders  to  tell  theire  friends  how  kind  we  were  to  them,  —  bidding  them 
doe  the  like  to  ours;  also,  if  they  were  for  peace  to  come  to  goodman  Smalls 
att  liarwick  within  14  days,  who  would  attend  to  discourse  them.  Then  we 
came  away  with  our  own  5  captives  and  9  of  theirs,  and  waded  throw  the 
river,  and  returned  in  that  day  and  one  more  to  our  vessells  at  Macquait." 

The  war  lasted  for  ten  years.  The  commissioners,  who  negotiated  the 
treaty,  desired  that  the  resident  missionary  among  the  Anasagunticooks  should 
be  removed  "  lest  the  treaty,  if  made,  would  be  violated  as  heretofore  through 
their  instigation."  The  treaty  was  the  same  as  that  of  1693,  with  additional 
articles,  and  was  ratified  January  7,  1699. 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.  49 

The  Anasagunticooks,  during  the  period  of  Queen  Anne's  War,  were  not 
so  prominent  as  they  had  hitherto  been.  It  was  not  far  from  this  time  that 
the  French  induced  many  of  them  to  retire  to  Canada,  and  with  a  few 
Wawenocks  and  Sokokis  Indians,  formed  the  St  Francis  tribe.  Gradually 
they  became  reduced  in  numbers  by  removals  to  the  settlement  on  the  St 
Francis,  and  in  a  few  years  only  a  small  number  of  the  once  powerful  tribe 
that  occupied  the  valley  of  the  Androscoggin,  remained.  They  undoubtedly 
engaged  in  subsequent  wars,  and  were  generally  included  in  the  treaties,  but 
were  rarely  present  when  the  treaties  were  ratified.  Many  years  have  passed 
since  the  last  wandering  Anasagunticook  occupied  the  valley  where  they  were 
once  so  numerous,  and  the  name  is  known  only  in  history. 


CHAPTER   V. 

EARLY   TITLES,    OCCUPANCY,  ETC. 


The  Cabots— Mary  of  Guilford  — English  Claims  — Norumbega  — Bartholomew  Gosnold 
and  Other  Discoverers— Acadia —  French  Claims  and  Occupancy  — Captaiu  Weymouth  — 
Grants  by  James  I  — North  Virginia  — Plymouth  Company  — Captain  John  Smith  — New 
England  — Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  Captain  John  Mason- Province  of  Maine— Laconia— 
First  English  Settlements— Kennebec  and  Other  Patents  — Plymouth  Council  — The  Twelve 
Grand  Divisions- Resignation  of  Plymouth  Patent— William  Gorges  — New  Patent  of 
Maine  — Gorgeana  — Settlement  under  Gorges —Massachusetts  Claims  and  Proprietorship. 

THE  English  claim  to  North  America  was  based  on  its  discovery  by  the 
Cabots  in  1497  and  1498,  yet  the  first  Englishmen  to  set  foot  on  its 
shores  were  part  of  the  crew  of  the  Mary  of  Guilford,  a  vessel  com- 
manded by  John  Rut,  which,  with  the  Samson,  sailed  from  Plymouth,  England, 
June  10,  1527,  in  search  of  the  northwest  passage.  They  sailed  toward 
Newfoundland  where  a  great  storm  left  only  the  Mary  of  Guilford  to  continue 
the  search.  From  Newfoundland  she  sailed  southward,  returning  "by  the 
coasts  of  Newfoundland,  Cape  Breton,  and  Norumbega,"  i  often  entering  the 
ports,  landing  men  and  examining  the  country,  and  reaching  England  in 
October. 

1  At  this  time  Norumbega,  or  Arambec,  was  the  name  given  sometimes  to  Maine,  and  sometimes 
to  the  whole  tract  along  the  ocean  from  Nova  Scotia  to  the  river  later  called  the  Hudson.  When 
and  by  whom  first  applied  is  now  unknown.  It  appears  on  a  French  map  of  1534  as  Anorobagra,  as 
Nurumbega  on  one  of  1550,  and  may  be  shown  perhaps  on  earlier  ones.    M.  Andre  Thevet,  a  French 


50  History  of  ANDROSCOGGm  County. 


In  1602  Bartholomew  Gosnold  sailed  along  the  shores  of  Maine  and  gave 
so  good  a  report  of  its  resources,  that  in  1603  wealthy  Englishmen  fitted  out 
the  Speedwell  (fifty  tons),  commanded  by  Martin  Pring,  and  the  Discoverer 
(twenty-six  tons),  for  a  trading  expedition  to  America.  Leaving  Milford 
Haven,  April  10,  a  few  days  after  the  death  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  a  prosperous 
voyage  brought  them,  June  7,  to  what  we  know  as  Penobscot  bay.  They 
coasted  westward  until  they  came  to  the  Piscataqua,  but  finding  no  Indians  to 
trade  with  they  went  south,  secured  valuable  cargoes  and  sailed  home  in 
August.  Pring  made  a  second  voyage  in  1606,  and  in  these  voyages,  accord- 
ing to  Gorges,  he  made  a  perfect  discovery  of  all  these  eastern  rivers  and 
harbors,  and  took  to  England  the  most  accurate  account  of  the  coast  which 
had  come  to  that  country. 

Henry  IV  of  France  granted  to  Pierre  de  Gast,  Sieure  de  Monts,  a  royal 
patent,  November  8,  1603,  of  all  American  territory  between  the  fortieth  and 
forty-sixth  degrees  of  north  latitude,  under  the  name  of  Acadia.  In  1604, 
under  the  pilotage  of  Samuel  Champlain,  who  had  explored  the  St  Lawrence 
river  the  year  before,  he  visited  Nova  Scotia,  and  by  him  St  Croix  was  named, 
and  a  residence  made  for  the  winter  on  the  island.  The  next  May  (1605)  they 
sailed  westerly,  erected  a  cross  at  Kennebec,  taking  possession  in  the  name  of 
the  king,  passed  along  the  coast  to  Cape  Cod,  returned  to  St  Croix,  and 
constructed  a  fort  and  established  a  settlement  at  Port  Royal  (Annapolis). 
This  was  the  basis  of  the  French  claim  so  tenaciously  held  to  this  territory. 

The  same  year  (1605)  the  English  reached  out  for  occupation  of  this  coast. 
A  vessel  connnanded  by  George  Weymouth  was  despatched  (nominally  by 
some  enterprising  English  gentlemen)  to  discover  a  northwest  passage,  but 
doubtless  the  English  government  looked  for  his  occupancy  of  territory  "  for 
the  crown."  Leaving  the  Downs  March  31,  on  May  11  he  reached  America 
near  Cape  Cod,  sailed  north,  and  shortly  thereafter  was  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Possession  was  taken  of  the  country,  and  a  valuable  commerce  was  begun  with 
the  Indians,  "  for  instance,  one  gave  forty  skins  of  beaver,  sable,  and  otter, 
for  articles  of  five  shillings'  value."  An  altercation  arising.  Captain  Weymouth 
seized  and  carried  to  England  five  of  the  Indians — four  of  them  persons  of 

cosmographer,  says  that  in  ir)56  he  sailed  along  the  entire  coast  of  Florida  and  visited  the  coast  of 
Norumbega.  He  describes  a  river  "  which  we  call  Norumbegue  and  the  aborigines  Agoncy,  and 
marked  on  some  charts  as  the  Grand  River  [this  is  generally  considered  to  be  Penobscot  bay],  and 
upon  its  banks  the  French  formerly  erected  a  little  fort  about  ten  or  twelve  leagues  from  its  mouth, 
which  was  surrounded  by  fresh  water,  and  this  place  was  named  the  fort  of  Norumbegue."  He  further 
states  that  some  pilots  would  make  him  believe  that  this  was  the  proper  country  of  Canada,  but  he  told 
them  this  was  in  4r>°  N.  and  Canada  was  in  50  or  52''.  Richard  Hakluyt  in  his  "  Discourse  of  Western 
Planting,"  written  in  1584,  considers  Norumbega  to  extend  along  the  coast  without  definite  limits,  in  a 
southwestern  direction  from  Cape  Breton.  Milton  immortalized  its  name  in  "  Paradise  Lost,"  and 
many  fabulous  descriptions  of  its  capital,  The  Lost  City  of  New  England,  are  given  in  the  January 
(1877)  number  of  the  Mar/azlue  of  American  History.  Eben  Norton  Horsford,  in  his  book,  "The  Dis- 
covery of  the  Ancient  City  of  Norumbega,"  claims  to  have  discovered  its  actual  site  on  Charles  river, 
above  Boston. 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.  51 

rank.  The  voyage  was  financially  successful,  awoke  an  interest  in  the  settle- 
ment of  the  New  World  that  never  abated,  and  was  the  means  of  establishing 
the  English  colonies  to  which  the  United  States  is  the  successor.  But  from 
this  unprovoked  and  ill-advised  seizure  of  the  natives  sprung  much  of  the 
hatred  of  the  English  among  the  aborigines,  and  the  later  long  and  bloody 
wars  with  them  arose  from  the  distrust  and  revengeful  feelings  into  which  this 
arbitrary  and  cruel  act  changed  the  unsuspicious  friendship  and  hospitality 
with  which  Weymouth's  men  were  greeted. 

In  1606  a  belt  of  twelve  degrees  on  the  American  coast,  embracing  nearly 
all  the  soil  from  Cape  Fear  to  Halifax,  was  set  apart  by  James  I  for  two 
companies  under  one  "General  Council  of  Government."  One,  North 
Virginia,  included  the  land  from  the  forty-first  degree  of  north  latitude  to  the 
forty-fifth ;  the  other  extended  from  the  thirty-fourth  to  the  thirty-eighth 
degree.  ^ 

The  northern  portion  was  granted  to  the  Plymouth  Company,  formed  in 
the  west  of  England.  The  king  retained  the  power  of  appointment  of  all 
officers,  exacted  homage  and  rent,  and  demanded  one-fifth  of  all  the  gold  and 
silver  found,  and  one-fifteenth  of  all  the  copper  for  the  royal  treasury.  "  Not 
an  element  of  popular  liberty  was  introduced  into  these  charters;  the  colonists 
were  not  recognized  as  a  source  of  political  power ;  they  were  at  the  mercy  of 
a  double-headed  tyranny  composed  of  the  king  and  his  advisers,  the  Council 
and  its  agents." 

A  new  charter  was  given  to  the  Council  of  Plymouth,  November  3,  1620, 
granting  the  lands  between  the  fortieth  and  forty-eighth  degrees  of  north 
latitude,  from  sea  to  sea,  as  "  New  England  in  America."  All  powers  of 
legislation,  unlimited  jurisdiction,  and  absolute  property  in  this  tract  were 
given  by  this  charter.  This  charter  is  the  foundation  of  the  numerous 
subsequent  patents  by  which  New  England  was  divided,  and  its  settlements  and 
colonies  located  and  limited.  The  name  originated  with  the  celebrated  Captain 
John  Smith,  who,  during  the  years  from  1605  to  1616,  was  the  greatest  American 
explorer.  He  made  a  map  of  the  American  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Penobscot 
in  1614,  called  it  "  New  England,"  and  wrote  a  brief  history  of  the  land.  The 
name  came  into  favor  with  the  sovereign,  and  has  been  indelibly  stamped  upon 
this  section  of  America. 

1  The  English  settlement  of  Maine  antedates  by  more  than  thirteen  years  that  of  Massachusetts. 
May  31,  1G07,  eighteen  days  after  the  sailing  of  the  Jamestown  colony,  two  ships,  commanded  by 
George  Popham  and  Raleigh  Gilbert,  sailed  from  Plymouth  with  one  hundred  and  twenty  persons  to 
found  a  colony.  This  they  did  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec,  where  the  name  has  been  commemorated 
by  Fort  Popham.  Their  Episcopal  minister,  Richard  Seymour,  by  prayer  and  sermon  dedicated  the 
spot  and  inaugurated  their  government.  They  fortified  the  ground,  erected  a  fort  of  twelve  guns, 
built  a  village  of  fifty  houses,  a  church,  and  a  thirty-ton  vessel,  the  Virginia  of  Sagadahoc,  the  first 
ship  built  in  America  by  Europeans.  By  various  disheartenments  the  colonists  became  discouraged; 
they  dispersed,  and  the  colony  ceased  to  exist. 


52  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  Captain  John  Mason  were  prominent  members 
of  the  Council  of  Plymouth.  A  man  of  intellect  and  courage,  a  most  brilliant 
naval  officer,  and  a  leading  spirit  in  many  prominent  historical  events  in 
England,  Gorges  had  always  a  desire  to  create  a  new  nation  in  the  barbaric 
lands  of  America.  He  had  been  associated  with  Raleigh  in  founding  the 
settlements  in  Virginia,  was  president  of  the  first  Council,  and  it  was  through 
him  that  the  exploration  and  map  of  New  England  were  made  by  John  Smith. 
Fitting  out  several  expeditions  which  came  to  naught,  he  at  last  became 
associated  with  Captain  John  Mason,  a  kindred  spirit,  who  had  been  governor 
of  Newfoundland.'  The  meeting  of  such  men  struck  coruscant  and  rapid 
sparks  of  enthusiasm.  In  quick  succession  they  secured  various  charters, 
which  were  intended  to,  and  really  did,  cover  most  of  the  territory  now  in 
New  Hampshire  and  Maine. 

A  patent  was  given  by  King  James  to  Gorges  and  Mason  of  "  the  country 
between  the  Merrimac  and  Kennebec  to  the  farthest  head  of  said  rivers,  and 
sixty  miles  inland,"  and  all  islands,  etc.,  within  five  leagues  of  the  shore,  which 
the  indenture  says  "  they  intend  to  call  the  Province  of  Maine."  This  has 
been  erroneously  stated  to  be  the  grant  of  Laconia^  but,  as  General  Chamber- 
lain says,  "  The  true  Laconia  grant  was  in  1629,  and  embraces  the  river  and 
lake  of  the  Iroquois  (Champlain),  and  the  lands  bordering  on  these  waters 
ten  miles  on  the  south  and  east,  and  still  further  west  and  north  towards 
Canada." 

An  association  or  mercantile  organization  formed  by  Gorges,  Mason,  and 
leading  merchants  of  jjrominent  English  cities,  sent  many  ships  and  some 
emigrants  in  1622  and  1623,  and  established  trading  stations  at  Piscataqua, 
Monhegan,  and,  particularly  in  1623,  at  Saco,  where  for  fourteen  years  Gorges 
had  attempted  to  establish  a  settlement.  But  the  exclusive  privileges  granted 
to  the  Plymouth  Council  caused  great  complaint,  especially  in  the  jurisdiction 
over  fisheries,  and  Gorges  was  summoned  before  the  bar  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  and  called  upon  to  deliver  his  patent.  He  made  an  able  defence, 
and  the  king,  although  requested  by  the  House,  would  not  recall  the  Charter 
of  the  Plymouth  Council.  Public  sentiment  was  so  strong  that  it  checked  for 
some  time  the  spirit  of  colonization,  and  the  Council  suspended  active 
operations. 

In  1624  Gorges  procured  a  patent  of  24,000  acres  at  Agamenticus,  now 
York,  and  individually  began  its  settlement.  In  1626  the  New  Plymouth 
colonists  erected  a  trading-house  at  Penobscot,  and  the  next  year  (1627) 
obtained  from  the  Plymouth  Council  "  the  first  Kennebec  patent."  March 
19,  1627,  the  Council  granted  a  patent  to  six  associates,  who  joined  twenty 

1  The  first  grant  of  territory  by  the  Plymouth  Council  was  to  him.  It  embraced  "  the  lands  between 
Merrimack  and  Naumkeag,  from  their  sources  to  the  sea,  including  all  islands  within  three  miles  of 
the  coast."    The  territory  was  named  Mariana,  and  the  grant  was  dated  March  2,  1621. 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.  53 

others  with  them,  and  March  4,  1628,  obtained  a  royal  charter  by  which  it 
became  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  Its  patent  covered  the  lands 
between  the  lines  a  league  southerly  of  the  river  Charles,  and  northerly  of  the 
Merrimack.  January  13,  1629,  the  Kemieheck  or  Plymouth  patent  was  granted. 
Mason  and  Gorges  agreed  this  year  to  make  the  Piscataqua  river  their  line  of 
division,  and  the  Plymouth  Council,  November  7,  1629,  granted  Mason  the 
territory  west  of  the  Piscataqua  in  the  Laconia  grant  as  New  Hainpskire. 

In  1630  was  granted  the  Lyijonln  patent,  forty  miles  square,  which  extended 
t(j  the  Kennebunk  river  west,  and  Harpswell  on  the  east.  This  was  signed  for 
the  Council  by  its  president,  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges.' 
March  2,  1630,  the  3Iii><co)u/us  patent,  extending  "from  the  sea  between  the 
rivers  Penobscot  and  Muscongus  to  an  unsurveyed  line  running  east  and  west 
so  far  north  as  would  without  interfering  with  the  Kennebeck  or  other  patent 
embrace  a  territory  equal  to  thirty  miles  square."  This  later  was  the  "Waldo 
patent,"  so  called  from  the  then  principal  proprietors.  In  1631  "the  Pejypscot 
patent"  of  1,500  acres  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  was  granted  to  Richard 
Bradshaw,  to  include  "lands  not  formerly  granted  to  any  other."  The  last 
grants  of  lands  by  the  Plymouth  Council  in  the  territory  now  the  State  of 
Maine  were  made  in  1632.  They  were :  First,  the  Pemaquid  patent.  This 
extended  "  from  the  sea  between  Muscongus  and  Damariscotta  rivers  (includ- 
ing the  Damariscove  islands  and  all  others  within  nine  leagues  of  the  shore) 
so  far  northward  as  to  include  12,000  acres  and  one  hundred  acres  for  each 
person  brought  by  the  proprietors  within  seven  years  and  who  reside  here 
three  years."  Second,  the  Way  and  Purchase  patent,  including  a  tract  on  the 
river  Bishoppscotte  (Pejepscot),  the  Androscoggin  and  all  that  bounds  and 
limits  the  mainland  to  the  extent  of  two  miles. ^ 

By  this  time  emigration  was  large  to  these  new  settlements,  but  many  of 
the  projectors  and  merchant  adventurers,  who  had  furnished  the  means  for 
ships  and  stores,  outfits  of  cattle  and  building  materials,  with  necessary  supplies 
for  the  colonists,  began  to  despair  of  adequate  or  any  return  from  the  vast 
sums  they  had  expended,  and  in  1634  Gorges  and  Mason  became  possessed  of 
all  the  interest  of  their  associates,  and,  dividing  their  joint  property,  confined 
their  individual  labors,  the  one  to  the  northerly  and  the  other  to  the  southerly 
side  of  the  Piscataqua.  The  Plymouth  Council  was  now  doomed.  Gorges 
was  again  summoned  before  the  House  of  Commons  to  show  cause  why  the 
charter  should  not  be  revoked.  With  unanswerable  arguments  presented 
with  brilliant  eloquence  he  defended  the  Council  and  its  measures.  In  his 
argument  he  said:  "Yes,  I  have  spent  X20,000  of  my  estate,  and  thirty  years, 

1  On  account  of  the  attempt  to  found  a  purely  agricultural  colony,  and  from  the  name  of  the  first 
vessel  bringing  emigrants,  this  was  later  known  as  the  Plough  patent. 

-  This  reached,  it  is  supposed,  to  Casco  bay  on  the  south,  and  was  the  cause  of  long  and  bitter  con- 
troversy with  the  Pejepscot  proprietors,  not  settled  until  1814. 


54  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


the  flower  of  my  whole  life,  in  new  discoveries  and  settlements  upon  a  remote 
continent,  in  the  enlargement  of  my  country's  commerce  and  dominions,  and 
in  carrying  civilization  and  Christianity  into  regions  of  savages."  All  in  vain. 
Williamson  says: 

Never  probably  bad  the  discouragements  of  Gorges  and  Mason  bordered  more  nearly 
on  despair.  The  charges  of  establishing  a  plantation  in  a  wilderness  they  found  to  be 
three-fold  its  worth.  The  planters,  being  hired  servants  or  tenants,  were  often  indolent 
and  wasteful ;  and  the  fruits  of  their  whole  labor  would  not  yield  them  a  tolerable  support. 
No  superintendent  could  control  their  erratic  dispositions,  or  prevent  their  changes  of 
abode  from  place  to  place.  The  proprietors  had  never  visited  the  country,  nor  established 
a  regular  efficient  government  for  the  punishment  of  offenders  or  the  preservation  of  order. 
The  French  were  making  encroachments  and  committing  mischief;  the  Itidians  were  rest- 
less, if  not  unfriendly;  and  to  crown  all,  a  violent,  unnatural  warfare  had  commenced 
between  king  and  people  at  home. 

Before  it  relinquished  its  charter  the  Plymouth  Council  drew  lots,  February* 
3,  1635,  "in  presence  of  his  Majesty,"  for  the  ownership  of  the  twelve  Grand 
Divisions  into  which  they  divided  their  patent.  The  first  division  was  called 
the  "County  of  Canada,"  included  the  Muscongus  grant  and  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  Pemaquid  and  Kennebec  patents;  the  second  was  a  small 
division — from  Pemaquid  to  Sagadahoc;  the  third  stretched  from  the  Kennebec 
to  the  Androscoggin,  taking  in  the  west  half  of  the  Kennebec  patent,  a  part  of 
old  Laconia,  and  a  part  of  Gorges  and  Mason's  first  grant;  the  fourth  division 
extended  from  Sagadahoc  to  Piscataqua,  embracing  Lygonia,  Saco,  and  Agamen- 
ticus  (the  third  and  fourth  divisions  were  assigned  to  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges 
and  became  New  Somersetshire);  the  fifth  extended  from  the  Piscataqua  to 
Naumkeag  river,  and  from  the  sea  to  a  line  sixty  miles  north  of  the  mouths 
of  those  rivers,  a  part  of  the  Isle  of  Shoals,  and  Masonia,  which  took  10,000 
acres  on  the  eastern  side  of  Sagadahoc  at  its  mouth  (this  was  assigned  to  John 
Mason);  the  sixth  extended  from  Naumkeag  river  around  the  seacoast  by 
Cape  Cod  to  Narragansett;  the  seventh  "was  the  territory  eastward  of  a 
monumental  boundary  to  be  set  up  at  a  place  equi-distant  from  Narragansett 
and  Connecticut  river  extending  fifty  miles  into  the  country";  the  eighth 
reached  from  this  to-be-erected  monument  to  the  Connecticut,  and  also  extended 
fifty  miles  back ;  the  ninth  reached  from  the  Connecticut  to  the  Hudson, 
running  thirty  miles  back;  the  tenth  was  a  parallelogram  forty  miles  deep 
between  these  last  mentioned  rivers  immediately  above  the  ninth  division; 
the  eleventh  was  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson  from  the  fortieth  parallel 
of  latitude,  extending  thirty  miles  into  the  country,  and  the  twelfth,  thirty 
miles  on  the  river  by  forty  miles  in  depth,  lay  directly  above  the  eleventh 
division. 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.  55 

The  Plymouth  Council  resigned  its  patent  to  the  king  April  25,  1635, 
"  reserving  all  grants  by  us  made,  and  all  vested  rights."  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges  was  later  commissioned  royal  governor-general  of  New  England,  but 
never  came  here. 

Believing  himself  possessed  of  the  same  authority  in  government  that  the 
Plymouth  Council  had  exercised,  so  far  as  New  Somersetshire  was  concerned, 
Gorges  sent  his  nephew,  William  Gorges,  a  man  of  manifest  ability,  as  governor 
of  the  province.  He  established  at  Saco,  March  28,  1636,  the  first  organized 
court  within  the  limits  of  Maine.  William  Gorges  did  not  stay  but  about 
two  years,  and  the  settlers  of  New  Somersetshire,  as  well  as  those  of  New 
Hampshire,  looked  yearningly  on  the  protection  to  individual  rights  afforded 
by  the  strong,  wise,  and  systematic  government  of  Massachusetts. 

April  3,  1639,  a  new  charter  was  granted,  conveying  uncommon  powers, 
and  covering  the  territory  "beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Piscataqua,  and 
going  up  that  river  through  Newichawannock  and  Salmon  Falls  river  north- 
westward one  hundred  and  twenty  miles;  from  Piscataqua  harbor  northeast- 
wards along  the  seacoast  to  Sagadahock;  thence  through  that  river  and  the 
Kennebeck  northwestward  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles;  thence  over  land  to 
the  utmost  northerly  end  of  the  line  first  mentioned;  including  the  north  half 
of  the  Isle  of  Shoals,  and  the  islands  Capawock  and  Nautican  near  Cape  Cod; 
also  all  the  islands  and  inlets  within  five  leagues  of  the  main,  along  the  coasts 
between  the  said  rivers  Piscataqua  and  Sagadahock."  This  territory  was 
granted  to  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges,  and  incorporated  as  the  Province,  or  County 
of  Maine.  A  vigorous  government  with  courts  was  at  once  established,  the 
city  of  Georgeana  (Gorgeana)  erected  out  of  the  borough  of  Agamenticus, 
which  city  for  more  than  ten  years  exercised  civic  authority  in  a  very  useful 
manner.  The  settlements  and  governments  of  Gorges  were  conducted  with 
Episcopalianism  as  the  established  religious  faith,  and  under  royal  favor,  while 
the  rapidly  growing  province  of  Massachusetts  was  under  dissenting  faith 
and  more  in  favor  of  free  institutions  and  the  rights  of  the  people. 

In  1651  Massachusetts  laid  claim  to  a  portion  of  Maine,  and  as  Gorges's 
government  had  failed  to  satisfy  many  of  the  inhabitants  of  Maine,  they  sought 
to  submit  themselves  to  Massachusetts.  Before  this  (1639)  Purchase  had 
assigned  the  Pejepscot  grant  to  the  Massachusetts  government,  to  secure  its  aid 
and  protection.  By  degrees  the  jurisdiction  over  Maine,  commencing  with  a 
limited  territory  in  the  southwest  part,  extended  eastward,  until  by  1660  it 
embraced  the  whole  coast  district  to  Passamaquoddy.  In  1662  the  king 
confirmed  the  charter  of  Massachusetts,  but  in  1664  he  issued  an  order  to  the 
governor  and  council  of  Massachusetts  requiring  them  to  restore  the  Province 
of  Maine  to  Ferdinando  Gorges,  the  grandson  of  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges.  Royal 
commissioners  were  sent  to  re-instate  the  government  of  Gorges,  but  the  old 
order  of  things  returned  in  a  few  years,  and  Massachusetts  was  the  onl}^  stable 


56  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


power  to  which  the  people  could  look  for  protection  amid  the  dangers  of  the 
French  and  Indian  war  then  in  progress.  So  Massachusetts  was  encouraged  to 
maintain  her  hold,  and  May  6, 1677,  through  its  agent,  John  Usher,  it  purchased 
all  the  rights  of  Gorges  for  £1,250.  A  grave  doubt  arose  concerning  the  powers 
acquired  by  Massachusetts  by  this  purchase,  and  assuming  ownership  only  to 
be  conferred,  the  District  of  Maine  was  created  and  a  governor  appointed. 
From  this  time  until  the  separation  — 1820— Maine  was  under  the  proprietor- 
ship of  Massachusetts. 


CHAPTER    VI. 

THE    PEJEPSCOT   CLAIM. 
By  J.  G.  Elder. 


Thomas  Purchase  —  Purchase  and  Way's  Patent  —  Assignment  to  Governor  Winthrop  — 
Richard  Wharton  —  The  Six  Indian  Sagamores's  Deed — Pejepscot  Proprietors  — Definition 
of  Territory. 

PEJEPSCOT  CLAIM.— Thomas  Purchase  settled  on  the  Pejepscot,  ^  now 
the  Androscoggin  river,  about  1628.  The  precise  time  as  well  as  the 
exact  location  are  not  known.  It  was  undoubtedly  within  the  present 
limits  of  the  town  of  Brunswick.  Subsequently,  it  has  been  asserted,  he  lived 
at  Lisbon  Falls.  Purchase  was  a  farmer  and  trader,  and  carried  on  an  exten- 
sive fur  and  peltr}'^  trade  with  the  Indians.  He  has  been  charged  with  taking- 
advantage  of  the  natives  in  various  ways,  but  chiefly  in  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
drinks.  One  old  warrior  of  the  Amonoscoggin  tribe  "  once  complained  that 
he  had  given  an  hundred  Pounds  for  Water  drawn  out  of  Mr  Purchase  his 
Well."  In  1632  the  Council  for  New  England  granted  to  Thomas  Purchase 
and  George  Way  of  Dorchester,  England,  certain  lands  on  "  Bishoppscotte " 
river,  which  unquestionably  included  the  territory  occupied  by  Purchase. 
Way  probably  never  occupied  any  of  the  land  covered  by  the  grant,  and  it 
is  very  doubtful  if  he  ever  visited  this  country,  though  his  widow  and  sons 
afterwards  resided  in  Hartford,  Conn.  Purchase  conveyed  to  Governor 
Winthrop,  in  1639,  his  land  at  Pejepscot,  reserving  the  portion  occupied  and 
improved  by  himself. 

1  Pejepscot,  according  to  Dr  True,  comes  from  requomsque,  in  the  Algonquin  language  meaning 
"  it  is  crooked." 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.  57 

Within  the  limits  of  this  patent  Purchase  lived  and  continued  actively  in 
business  until  the  first  Indian  war,  known  as  King  Philip's  War,  1675-6, 
when  his  buildings  were  destroyed  and  his  family  driven  away.  This  was 
probably  in  September,  1675.  Purchase's  loss  was  estimated  at  one  thousand 
pounds.  It  is  said  he  was  at  Boston  at  the  time,  and  had  engaged  passage  in 
Captain  Walley's  ship  for  London.  There  is  no  evidence  that  he  returned  to 
his  home  on  the  Androscoggin.  He  died  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  May  1,  1678.  His 
will  was  dated  May  2,  1677,  and  probated  June  4,  1678.  One-third  of  his 
estate  was  left  to  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  and  the  other  two-thirds  to  his  five 
children,  Thomas,  Jane,  Elizabeth,  Abraham,  and  Sarah.  His  widow  married 
John  Blany  of  Lynn,  November,  1679. 

Richard  Wharton,  a  Boston  merchant,  an  Englishman  by  birth  and  educa- 
tion, conceived  the  plan  of  establishing  a  "  manor  "  after  the  style  of  English 
gentlemen,  and  for  that  purpose  bought,  July  4,  1683,  of  the  heirs  of  Purchase 
and  Way  the  land  covered  by  their  patent  of  1632,  as  well  as  lands  bought 
by  Purchase  of  the  Indian  sagamores.  In  this  purchase  of  Wharton  was 
included  the  claim  of  John  Shapleigh.  The  price  paid  the  Purchase  heirs 
was  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds,  thirty  of  which  was  paid  down  and  the 
remainder  was  to  be  paid  when  the  heirs  furnished  a  copy  of  the  patent 
given  to  Purchase  and  Way.  There  can  be  no  doubt  but  the  copy  of  the 
patent  was  produced,  for  we  find  him,  in  1687,  making  payments  on  account 
of  his  purchase,  satisfied  with  the  "  conformation  he  had  obtained  in  right 
of  said  Purchase  and  Way  for  said  patent."  Wharton's  claim  included  the 
whole  of  Harpswell,  except  a  few  islands,  the  greater  part  of  Brunswick, 
and  a  part  of  Topsham.  But  this  tract  of  land,  extensive  as  it  was,  did  not 
satisfy  the  Englishman's  manorial  ideas,  for  he  sought  and  obtained  from 
Worombee  and  five  other  sagamores  of  the  Androscoggin  tribe,  a  large  tract 
of  land  on  both  sides  of  the  Androscoggin  river  and  extending  to  the 
"uppermost  falls  in  said  Androscoggin  river." 


The  Six  Indian  Sagamores's  Deed  to  Richard  Wharton.  —  To  all  People  to  whom 
these  Presents  shall  come ;  Know  yee  that  whereas  near  threescore  years  since  M""  Thomas 
Purchase  dec'd  came  into  this  Country  as  we  have  been  well  informed  and  did  as  well 
by  Power  or  Patteut  derived  from  the  King  of  England  as  by  Consent,  Contract  and 
Agreement  with  Sagamores  and  Proprietors  of  all  the  Lands  lying  on  the  Easterly  side  of 
Casco-bay,  and  on  the  both  sides  of  Androscoggin  River  and  Keunebeck  River  enter  upon 
and  take  Possession  of  all  the  Lands  lying  four  Miles  westward  from  the  uppermost  Falls 
on  said  Androscoggin  River  to  Maquoit  in  Casco-bay,  and  on  the  Lands  on  the  other  side 
Androscoggin  River  from  above  said  Falls  down  to  Pejepscott  and  Merrymeeting  Bay  to 
be  bounded  by  a  Southwest  and  Northeast  Line  to  run  from  the  upper  part  of  said  Falls  to 
Kennebeck  River,  and  all  the  Land  from  Maquoit  to  Pejepscott  and  to  hold  the  same 
Breadth  where  the  Land  will  bear  it  down  to  a  Place  callet  Atkins's  Bay  near  to  Sagadehoc 
on  the  Westerly  side  of  Kennebeck  River:     And  all  the  Islands  in  the  said  Kennebeck 


58  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


River  and  Land  between  the  said  Atliins's  Bay,  and  Small  Point  Harbour  the  Lands  & 
Rivers,  and  Ponds  interjacent  containing  therein  Breadth  about  three  English  Miles  more 
or  less.  And  Whereas  we  are  well  assured  that  Major  Nicholas  Shapleigh  in  his  life  time 
was  both  by  Purchase  from  the  Indians  Sagamores,  our  Ancestors  and  Consent  of  Mr 
Gorge's  Commissioners  possessed  and  dyed  seized  of  the  remainder  of  the  Lands  lying  and 
Adjoyning  upon  the  Main  and  all  the  Islands  between  the  said  Small  Point  harbour  and 
Maquoit  aforesaid;  and  particularly  of  a  Neck  of  Land  called  Merrycoueeg,  and  an  Island 
called  Sebasco:degin.  And  whereas  the  Relict  and  Heirs  of  said  Mr  Purchase,  and  Major 
Nicholas  Shapleigh  have  reserved  Accommodations  for  their  several  Families,  sold  all  the 
remainder  of  the  aforesaid  Lands  and  Islands  to  Richard  Wharton  of  Boston  Merchant, 
and  forasmuch  as  the  said  Mr  'Purchase  did  personally  possess  improve  and  inhabit  at 
Pejepscott  aforesaid  near  the  Centre  or  middle  of  all  the  Lands  aforesaid  for  near  Fifty 
years  before  the  late  unhappy  war;  and  whereas  the  said  Richard  Wharton  hath  desired 
an  Enlargement  upon  and  between  the  said  Androscoggin  &  Kennebeck  River ;  and  to 
encourage  the  said  Richard  Wharton  to  settle  an  English  Town  and  promote  the  Salmon 
and  Sturgeon  Fishery  by  which  we  promise  ourselves  great  supplies,  and  Relief.  Therefore 
and  for  other  good  Causes  and  Considerations  and  especially  for  and  in  consideration  of  a 
Valuable  Sum  received  from  the  said  Wharton  iu  Merchandize:  We  Warumbee  Derumkine 
Wehikermell  Wedou-Domhegon,  Neonongassett,  and  Wimbanewett  chief  Sagamores  of  all 
the  aforesaid,  and  other  Rivers  &  Lands  adjacent  have  iu  confirmation  of  the  said  Richard 
Wharton's  Title  and  Property  fully  freely  and  absolutely  Given  Granted  Ratifyed  and 
Confirmed  to  him  the  said  Richard  Wharton  all  the  aforesaid  Lands  from  the  uppermost 
part  of  Androscoggin  Falls  four  miles  Westward  and  so  down  to  Maquoit  and  by  said  River 
of  Pejepscott;  and  from  the  other  side  oY  Androscoggin  Falls,  all  the  Lands  from  the  Falls 
to  Pejepscot  and  Merrymeeting  Bay  to  Kennebeck  and  towards  the  Wilderness  to  be 
bounded  by  a  Southwest  and  Northeast  Line  to  extend  from  the  upper  part  of  the  said 
Androscoggin  uppermost  Falls  to  the  said  River  of  Kennebeck;  and  all  the  Lands  from 
Maquoit  to  Pejepscott,  and  so  to  run  and  hold  the  same  Breadth  where  the  Land  will  bear 
it  unto  Atkins's  Bay  in  Kennebeck  River  and  Small  Point  Harbour  in  Casco-bay;  and  all 
Islands  in  Kennebeck  &  Pejepscott  Rivers  and  Merrymeeting  Bay  and  within  the  aforesaid 
Bounds  especially  the  aforesaid  Neck  of  Land  called  Merryconeeg,  and  Island  called 
Sebasco-degin  together  with  all  Rivers,  Rivoletts,  Brooks,  Ponds  Pools  Waters  Water- 
courses; all  Woods  Trees  of  Timber,  or  other  Trees,  and  all  Mines,  Minerals,  Quarries, 
and  especially  the  Sole  and  absolute  use  and  benefitt  of  Salmon  and  Sturgeon  fishing  in  all 
the  Rivers  Rivuletts  or  Bays  aforesaid ;  and  in  all  Rivers  Brooks  Creeks  or  Ponds  within 
any  of  the  Bounds  aforesaid :  And  also  We  the  said  Sagamore's  have  upon  the  consideration 
aforesaid  Given  Granted  liargained  and  sold  Enfeoffed  and  Confirmed,  and  Do  by  these 
presents  Give  Grant  Bargain  &  Sell  Aliene  Enfeoflfe  and  Confirm  unto  him  the  said  Richard 
Wharton  all  the  Lands  lying  five  mihis  above  the  Uppermost  of  the  said  Androscoggin  falls 
in  Breadth  and  Length  holding  the  same  Breadth  from  Androscoggin  falls  to  Kennebeck 
River,  and  to  be  bounded  by  the  aforesaid  Southwest  and  Northeast  Line  and  a  parcell  of 
Land  at  Five  Miles  distance  to  run  from  Androscoggin  to  Kennebeck  River  as  aforesaid. 
Together  with  all  Profitts,  Priviledges  Commodities  Benefitts  and  Advantages,  and 
particularly  to  the  Sole  propriety  lienefitt  and  Advantage  of  the  Salmon  and  Sturgeon 
fishing  within  the  Bounds  and  Limitts  aforesaid.  To  Have  and  to  Hold,  to  him  the  said 
Richard  Wharton  his  heirs  and  Assigns  for  ever  all  the  aforenamed  Lands  Priviledges  and 
Premisses  withal  Benefitts  Rights  Apurteuances,  or  Advantages  that  now  or  hereafter  shall 
or  may  belong  unto  any  part  or  parcell  of  the  Premisses  fully  freely  and  absolutely  acquitted 
and   discharged  from    all  former  &  other  Gifts  Grants  Bargains   Sales  Mortgages  and 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc. 


59 


incumbrances  whatsoever.  And  we  the  said  Warumbee,  Darumkin,  Wehikermett,  Wedou 
Domhegou,  Neonougassett,  and  Nimbanewett  Do  covenant  and  grant  to  and  with  the  said 
Rich*!  Wharton  that  we  have  in  ourselves  good  Right  &  full  power  thus  to  confirm  and 
convey  the  Premisses:  and  that  we  our  heirs  and  successors  shall  and  will  Warrant  and 
Defend  the  Richard  Wharton  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever  in  the  Peaceable  Enjoyment  of  the 
Premisses  and  every  part  thereof  against  all  &  every  Person  or  Persons  that  may  legally 
claim  any  Rights,  Title  Interest  or  Property  in  the  Premisses  by  from  or  under  us  the 
abovenamed  Sagamores,  or  any  of  our  Ancestors.  Provided  nevertheless  that  Nothing  in 
this  Deed  be  construed  to  Deprive  us  the  said  Sagamores  Successors  or  People  from 
improving  our  Antient  Planting  Grounds:  nor  from  hunting  in  any  of  said  Lands  being 
not  enclosed;  Nor  from  Fishing  for  our  own  Provision  so  long  as  no  damage  shall  be  to  the 
English  fishery.  Provided  also  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  prejudice  any  of  the 
English  Inhabitants  or  Planters  being  at  present  actually  possessed  of  any  part  of  the 
Premisses  and  legally  deriving  Right  from  said  Mr  Purchase  and  or  Ancestors.  In 
Witness  whereof  we  the  aforenamed  Sagamores  well  understanding  the  Purport  hereof 
do  set  to  our  hands  &  Seals  at  Pejepscott  the  Seventh  day  of  July  in  the  Thirty  fifth 
Year  of  the  Reign  of  our  Sovereign  Lord  King  Charles  the  Second  One  thousand  six 
hundred  Eighty  four. 


In  presence  of  us 
John  Blaney 
James  Andrews 
Henry  Waters 
John  Parker 
George  Felt 


The  Mark  of  Warumbee 

The  Mark  of  Darumkin 

The  Mark  of  Wehikermett 

The  Mark  of  Wedon  Domhegon 

The  Mark  of  Neonougassett 
The  Mark  of  Nimbanewett 


w 

and  a  seal 

X 

and  a  seal 

(^d 

and  a  seal 

o 

and  a  seal 

^ 

and  a  seal 

oo 

and  a  seal 

Memorandum  ry.^^^  ^^p^^^  ^^^  ^.^^  ^^  ^^^^  jy^^^  withiu  written  Deed  the  several  Sagamores 
whose  Names  are  Subscribed  thereto  and  inserted  therein  did  at  the  Fort  of  Pejepscott 
deliver  quiet  and  Peaceable  Possession  of  the  Premisses  with  Livery  &  Seizin  to 
Mr  John  Blaney  and  his  Wife.  Mr  John  Blaney  &  his  Wife  in  their  own  Right  as  she  is 
administratrix  to  the  Estate  of  M^"  Thomas  Purchase  deceased;  and  in  Right  of  his 
Children  also  the  said  Mi"  Blaney  as  attorney  to  M^  Eleazer  Way  did  the  same  day  deliver 
quiet  and  peaceable  possession  with  Livery  &  Seizin  of  the  Premisses  to  M^'  Richard  Wharton 
the  Quantity  of  Seven  hundred  Acres  of  Land  being  excepted  according  to  a  former 
Agreement 

Taken  upon  Oath  this  19th 
Henry  Waters  day  of  July  1684  this  was  sworn 

John  Parker  to  by  John  Parker 

Before  me  Edward  Tyng  Justice  o' peace 

James  Andrews  aged  about  forty  nine  Years  testifyeth  upon  Oath  that  he  saw  this 
Deed  or  Instrument  Sealed  and  delivered  by  the  six  Sagamores  within  named  to  Mr  Richard 
Wharton  and  saw  John  Parker  and  George  Felt  the  other  Witnesses  subscribe  as  Witnesses 
as  now  they  are  on  the  Indorsement  above. 

Sworn  before  me  this  21  July  1684  Edward  Tyng  Justice  0' Peace 


60  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Falmouth  in  Casco-bay  July  21.  1684 

Waruinbee  the  Sagamore  within  named  this  day  appeared  before  me  and  in  behalf  of 
himself  and  other  Sa,t?araores  that  Sealed  &  Delivered  the  within  written  Instrument 
acknowledged  the  same  to  be  his  and  their  free  and  Voluntary  Act  &  Deed 

Edward  Tyng  Justice  0' Peace. 

John  Parker  of  Kennebeck  aged  about  Fifty  years  deposeth  that  he  saw  this  Deed 
Signed  Sealed  &  delivered  by  the  Several  Sagamores  within  named  And  he  saw  possession 
together  with  Livery  and  Seizin  of  the  Premisses  as  is  expressed  in  the  other  indorsement 
on  this  Deed  and  in  presence  of  the  several  Witnesses  thereto  Subscribing:  And  further 
the  Deponent  saith  that  upon  the  Eleventh  of  this  instant  month  he  with  Mr  Henry  Waters 
were  present  and  Saw  Warumbee  deliver  Possession  and  Livery  and  Seizin  by  a  Turf  & 
Twig  and  Bottle  of  Water  taken  by  himself  of  the  Land  and  out  of  the  main  Elver  above 
Androscoggin  Falls  to  Richard  Wharton  in  full  Complyance  with  a  Conveyance  of  the 
premisses  within  granted  and  Confirmd. 

Taken  upon  Oath  the  9th  of  July  1684. 

Before  me  Edward  Tyng  Justice  0 '  Peace. 

Shortly  after  this  transfer  Wharton  sailed  for  England  for  the  purpose  of 
securing  from  the  crown  a  recognition  of  his  claim  and  the  authority  to 
establish  a  manor  in  the  then  "  Province  of  Majaie."  But  this  magnificent 
enterprise  failed,  Wharton  having  died  (May,  1689,)  before  the  proper 
authority  could  be  obtained. 

Pejepscot  Company. — Four  years  after  the  death  of  Wharton,  administra- 
tion de  bonis  non  on  his  estate  was  granted  December  30,  1693,  to  Ephraira 
Savage  of  Boston,  and  four  years  later  the  Superior  Court  at  Boston  authorized 
and  empowered  Savage  to  sell  the  estate  in  order  to  liquidate  the  debts. 
Acting  in  accordance  with  the  authority  given  him  by  the  Court,  Savage  sold, 
on  November  5,  1714,  the  whole  of  Wharton's  claim  on  the  Pejepscot  to 
Thomas  Hutchins,  Adam  Winthrop,  John  Watts,  David  Jefferies,  Stephen 
Minot,  Oliver  Noyes,  John  Buck,  and  John  Wenthworth,  for  one  hundred  and 
forty  pounds.  These  persons  constituted  the  original  Pejepscot  Company, 
taking  the  name  of  the  river  below  the  "  Twenty-Mile  Falls."  In  the  early 
part  of  the  next  year  the  proprietors  submitted  to  the  General  Court  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  a  series  of  propositions  relating  to  their  claim  and  its 
settlement,  and  on  the  tenth  of  June,  1715,  the  General  Court  passed  resolu- 
tions in  accordance  therewitli,  giving  validity  to  their  title  and  accepting  the 
propositions  submitted.  By  this  act  the  Company  became  the  undoubted 
legal  owners  of  the  land  they  had  purchased. 

Notwithstanding  this  recognition  of  their  title  by  the  General  Court, 
controversies  soon  arose  in  regard  to  the  limits  of  their  claim.  This  question 
was  forced  upon  them  by  the  Plymouth  Company  who  had  a  patent  for  lands 
on  the  Kennebec  river.  The  question  of  boundaries  is  most  important.  The 
descriptions  of   the    old    patents    are    very    obscure    and     often    indefinite. 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.  61 

Frequently  they  overlap  each  other,  and  occasionally  the  latter  completely 
covers  the  former  one.  The  bounds  given  to  Purchase  and  Way  are  explicit 
in  one  direction,  and  Purchase,  in  his  conveyance  to  Massachusetts,  gives  the 
limits  in  another ;  and  there  could  be  no  doubt  about  Nicholas  Shapleigh's 
claim,  as  it  was  bounded  by  Purchase's  claim  and  the  "sea."  But  that  which 
occasioned  the  greatest  controversy  was  the  description  of  the  Warumbee 
deed  which  included  the  above  grants,  but  much  more.  The  contest  became 
intense,  and  the  rival  corporations  pushed  their  claims  with  tireless  energy. 
If  the  Pejepscot  Company  could  not  extend  their  bounds  on  the  south  and 
east  beyond  the  limits  of  the  grants  made  to  Purchase  and  Shapleigh,  they 
were  undoubtedly  entitled  to  more  on  the  north  and  west.  The  deed  covered 
"all  the  aforesaid  lands  from  the  uppermost  part  of  Androscoggin  Falls,"  four 
miles  westward,  and  so  down  to  Maquoit,  and  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river  from  the  same  falls  to  the  Kennebec,  on  a  line  running  southwest  and 
northeast. 

The  Pejepscot  proprietors,  as  early  as  February,  1758,  appointed  a 
committee  to  carry  into  execution  the  "divisional  line,"  who  reported  four 
years  later  "  that  they  had  exchanged  proposals  with  the  Plymouth  Company  " 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  the  line  between  these  conflicting  claims ;  but 
the  committee  could  not  agree  "where  to  fix  the  mouth  of  said  Cathance 
river."  In  1766  a  settlement  was  made  which  recognized  the  southern  line  of 
Bowdoinham  and  the  Kennebec  river  as  the  "divisional  line"  between  the  rival 
companies.  The  northern  line  was,  however,  unsettled.  The  Massachusetts 
Legislature,  March  8,  1787,  passed  a  resolution  which  declared:  "That  the 
Twenty  Miles  Falls,  so  called,  in  Androscor/f/in  river,  being  about  twenty  miles 
from  Brvnsu'ick  Great  Falls,  should  be  called  the  U[>permost  Great  Falls  in 
Androscoi/f/hi  river,  referred  to  in  the  deed  from  Warumbee  and  five  other 
Indian  Sagamores,  confirming  the  right  of  Richard  Wharton  and  Thomas 
Purchase,  executed  July  seventh,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1684,  in  the 
thirty -fifth  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Charles  the  second." 

"  And  it  is  further  Resolved,  as  the  boundries  of  the  Pejepscut  Company 
so  called,  have  not  been  ascertained,  that  the  committee  on  the  subject  of 
unappropriated  lands  in  the  counties  of  Lincoln  and  Cumberland,  be,  and 
they  are  hereby  directed  not  to  locate  or  dispose  of  any  lands  lying  upon 
Androscoggin  river,  and  between  said  river  and  lands  claimed  by  the 
Plymouth  Company  to  the  southward  of  the  south  line  of  Bakerstown  [now 
Poland]  bounded  at  the  said  Great  Fall  in  Androscoggin  river  aforesaid,  on 
the  west  and  south  line  of  Port  Royal  [now  Livermore]  on  the  east  of  said 
Andro seo<j<i in  river." 

These  boundaries  were  not  satisfactory  to  the  proprietors  and  they  refused 
to  recognize  them.  In  order  to  settle  these  disputes  the  General  Court,  March 
21,  1793,  passed  the  following  resolve : 


62  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Whereas  There  is  reason  to  beheve  that  certain  persons  under  the  denomination  of  the 
Pejepscot  Proprietors  have  unlawfully  entered  on  the  lands  of  this  commonwealth  lying 
on  both  sides  of  Androscoggin  river,  in  the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Lincoln,  claiming 
the  same  under  the  pretence  of  title,  which  has  rendered  it  expedient  to  have  the  limits  of 
their  claim  settled  by  judicial  proceedings:  Therefore,  Resolved,  That  the  attorney 
general  be,  and  he  is  hereby  directed  to  commence  and  prosecute  action  or  actions,  process 
or  processes,  according  to  the  laws  of  this  commonwealth,  in  order  to  remove  intruders, 
and  to  cause  the  commonwealth  to  be  quieted  in  the  possession  of  the  lands  thereof,  on 
both  sides  of  the  said  Androscoggin  river,  above  and  northerly  of  a  southwest  line  drawn  on 
the  westerly  side  of  the  said  river,  from  the  uppermost  part  of  the  upper  falls  in  the  town 
of  Brunswick;  and  on  the  east  side  of  the  said  river,  northwardly  of  a  northeast  line  drawn 
from  the  said  river,  five  miles  above  the  said  uppermost  falls  in  the  town  of  Brunswick, 
extending  up  the  said  river  to  the  limits  of  this  commonwealth  and  holding  the  breadth  of 
four  miles  on  the  west  side  of  said  river,  and  extending  to  the  lands  belonging  to  the 
Plymouth  company,  and  Kennebec  river,  on  the  east  side  of  said  river;  provided  that  no 
suit  or  process  shall  be  brought  against  any  person  within  the  limits  of  the  tract  before 
described,  holding  under  a  grant  from  this  government,  or  by  a  title  confirmed  by  this 
government.  And  it  is  further  resolved,  that  the  attorney  general  be  and  he  is  hereby 
empowered,  at  the  expense  of  the  commonwealth,  to  obtain  such  assistance  in  the 
prosecution  of  such  suits  as  he  may  judge  necessary. 

This  action  of  the  General  Court  was  unquestionably  for  the  purpose  of 
compelling  the  Pejejjscot  proprietors  to  agree  upon  some  terms  in  relation  to 
the  limits  of  their  claim.  The  settlers  were  importuning  the  General  Court 
for  relief  from  the  exactions  of  tlie  proprietors.  The  settlers  were  of  the 
opinion  that  the  lands  they  occupied  were  government  property,  and  the 
Pejepscot  proprietors  were  equally  sure  of  their  right  to  the  premises.  Many 
of  these  settlers  had  bought  their  farms  of  former  occupants  and  supposed 
their  titles  were  valid,  but  in  numerous  cases  they  were  obliged  to  pay  the 
Pejepscot  proprietors,  or  surrender  their  lands.  But  the  determined  purpose 
on  the  })art  of  the  proprietors  not  to  accede  to  the  decision  of  the  General 
Court  only  exasperated  the  settlers,  and  they  gave  expression  to  their 
indignation,  in  many  cases,  by  acts  -of  violence.  Disguised  as  Indians,  they 
often  made  personal  attacks  on  the  proprietors,  and  frequently  destroyed  their 
property.  These  manifestations  of  violence  culminated  in  a  riot  in  Lewiston 
in  the  autumn  of  1800,  and  on  other  occasions  Colonel  Josiah  Little,  who 
succeeded  the  Pejepscot  i)roprietors  in  the  ownership  of  the  land  in  Lewiston 
and  adjoining  towns,  came  near  losing  his  life. 

In  1798  Colonel  Josiah  Little,  one  of  the  company,  who  had  been  elected 
agent  of  the  proprietors,  petitioned  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts, 
asking  them  to  empower  the  Attorney-General  to  enter  into  a  rule  of  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court  all  the  controversies  and  disputes  existing  between 
the  Commonwealth  and  the  Pejepscot  proprietors.  The  General  Court  readily 
acceded  to    this   petition    and   authorized    the   attorney-general,    Hon.    James 


Early  Titles,  Occupancy,  Etc.  63 


Sullivan,  to  enter  into  a  rule  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  the  County 
of  Lincoln  all  questions  of  dispute  between  the  Commonwealth  and  the 
proprietors.  By  the  terms  of  the  resolve  Mr  Sullivan  was  to  appoint 
the  commissioners  (subject  to  the  approval  of  Colonel  Little)  to  whom  "any 
or  all"  the  controversies  in  dispute  were  to  be  submitted.  It  was  also 
stipulated  that  as  there  liad  been  "  disputes  and  controversies "  between  the 
proprietors  and  many  of  the  persons  who  had  settled  within  the  limits  of  the 
Pejepscot  claim,  that  some  equitable  mode  should  be  provided  for  adjusting 
the  claims.  The  conditions  imposed  by  the  General  Court  were  that  these 
settlers  should  have  one  hundred  acres  of  land  so  laid  out  as  best  to  include 
the  improvements  made  by  them,  and  for  such  sums  of  money  and  on  such 
terms  and  conditions  as  the  commissioners  should  judge  reasonable.  The 
expense  of  the  commission  "to  be  paid  by  the  proprietors  and  settlers  in 
equal  halves." 

Mr  Sullivan  informed  the  General  Court  the  next  year  that  he  had  agreed 
to  submit  to  Levi  Lincoln,  Samuel  Dexter,  Jr,  and  Thomas  Dwight,  the 
disputes  between  the  Commonwealth  and  the  Pejepscot  proprietors,  and  asked 
for  an  appropriation  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  commission,  and  the  General 
Court  appropriated  one  thousand  dollars  for  that  purpose.  The  commissioners 
made  their  award  February,  1800,  which  was  substantially  that  affirmed  by  the 
General  Court  in  1787.  This  award  was  not  satisfactorj^  to  the  proprietors 
who  claimed  that  the  Uppermost  Falls,  mentioned  in  the  Warumbee  deed,  were 
not  the  Twenty-Mile  Falls,  but  those  now  known  as  Rumford  Falls.  This 
claim  was  groundless  and  the  boundaries  were  hnally  established  about  1814, 
by  decisions  in  the  courts  of  Cumberland  and  Lincoln  counties,  on  the  basis 
of  the  award  of  1800.  As  finally  settled  the  territory  embraced  Topsham,  a 
part  of  Lisbon,  all  of  Lewiston  and  Greene,  three-fourths  of  Leeds,  all  of 
Brunswick,  nearly  all  of  Durham,  most  of  Auburn,  and  a  part  of  Poland. 

The  disputes  between  the  company  and  the  settlers  were  adjusted  according 
to  the  award  made  by  the  commissioners,  Nathaniel  Dumraer,  Ichabod  Goodwin, 
and  John  Lord,  appointed  by  the  governor,  who  made  the  assignments  and 
prescribed  the  terms  and  conditions  of  payment.  About  twenty  thousand  acres 
of  land  were  conveyed  to  the  settlers  by  virtue  of  the  conditions  stipulated. 
Thus  ended  a  controversy  which  had  continued  for  nearly  a  century,  and  been 
participated  in  by  more  than  three  generations.  None  of  the  parties  were 
satisfied,  but  it  gave  substantial  rest  to  those  who  for  a  long  time  held  their 
homes  by  doubtful  titles. 


64  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


CHAPTER  Vn. 

EARLY    SETTLEMENTS,    PROGRESS    AND   CHANGES. 

Early  Settlements  in  Androscoggin  Valley  — After  the  Revolution  — Population  from 
1780  to  1800  — Commencement  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  — Et!ects  of  the  War  of  1812  — 
Severity  of  CHmate  — The  Cold  Year— Improvement  in  Condition  —Changes  and  Progress 
in  Agriculture  — Development  and  Transition  —  Manufacturing. 

IN  THE  last  decade  of  the  seventeenth  century  settlements  were  undertaken 
on  both  sides  of  the  Androscoggin  at  Pejepscot  Lower  Falls  by  gentlemen 
of  energ}^  and  means,  but  fears  of  impending  Indian  warfare  prevented 
great  advancement.  Fort  George  was  built  here  in  1715  where  a  small  fort 
of  early  days  had  gone  to  ruin,  but  in  1718  there  were  no  established  homes  in 
Brunswick  but  those  inside  the  walls  of  the  fort,  and  in  the  block  house  at 
Maquoit  Bay,  where  Lieutenant  Woodside  kept  a  guard  to  protect  the  lauding 
of  stores  and  the  road  to  the  fort.  In  1722  Brunswick  was  burned  by  the 
Indians  who  had  destroyed  three  families  in  Topsham  in  1716.  After  the  war 
closed  Fort  George  was  rebuilt  (1727)  and  again  became  the  nucleus  of  a 
settlement.  In  1730  the  garrison  was  so  large  that  a  chaplain  was  stationed 
here.  It  was  here  that  Sabattus,  sagamore  of  the  Anasagunticooks,  requested 
tlie  government  to  keep  stores  whence  his  people  could  be  supplied  in  times  of 
need.  Still  civilization  was  kept  back  by  fear  of  the  Indians.  Brunswick, 
from  the  protection  of  the  fort  and  soldiers,  advanced  the  most,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1738,  twenty-nine  of  the  citizens  signing  the  petition.  About 
forty  families  were  then  living  in  town.  Topsham  as  late  as  1750  had  but 
eighteen  families,  and  in  1764  Brunswick  had  a  population  of  308. 

The  financial  condition  of  the  United  States  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution 
was  very  poor.  An  enormous  debt  in  the  shape  of  the  large  issues  of  pa|)er 
money  which  the  exigencies  of  the  war  had  brought  into  being  was  in  the 
hands  of  the  people  demanding  payment,  and  there  was  no  means  of  payment. 
The  soldiers  had  been  paid  with  it,  and,  on  account  of  its  great  depreciation, 
"a  bushel  of  it  would  not  buy  a  breakfast."  The  only  means  of  giving  an 
equivalent  was  in  tlie  unappropriated  lands  in  the  several  commonwealths. 
Massachusetts  had  plenty  of  wild  land  in  the  District  of  Maine,  and  to  her 
unemployed  citizens  who  had  served  in  the  army  was  given  the  opportunity  of 
settling  on  "states  land"  where  they  could  develop  homes  for  their  families 
and  give  in  payment  at  face  value  the  colonial  scrip  otherwise  valueless.    From 


Early  Settlements,  Progress  and  Changes.  65 


this  offer  arose  a  great  emigration  to  Maine,  and  the  Valley  of  the  Androscoggin 
received  its  share.  Although  in  many  of  the  towns  or  settlements  the  claim 
of  the  state  to  the  lands  was  opposed  by  that  of  the  Pejepscot  proprietors,  still 
many  had  no  faith  that  a  conveyance  made  by  wandering  Indians  could  hold 
against  the  civilized  claims  of  Massachusetts,  and,  pleased  with  the  country, 
became  settlers,  and  even  where  the  disputed  territory  became  the  property  of 
tlie  Pejepscot  proprietors,  in  numerous  cases  made  their  permanent  homes. 
So  in  the  history  of  every  town  we  find  its  beginnings  of  civilization  made  by 
Massachusetts  men,  and  the  rolls  of  the  settlers  sound  like  the  poll  lists  of  Old 
Colony  and  Massachusetts  Colony  towns. 

In  1784  there  were  thirty  families  living  in  Turner  (increased  to  349 
population  in  1790,  and  722  in  1800).  The  settlement  in  Greene,  begun  before 
the  Revolution,  numbered  nearly  five  hundred  people  at  its  incorporation  in 
1788,  and  in  1796  a  post-office  was  established.  Royalsborough  had  been 
settled  rapidly  from  1760,  and  when  incorporated  as  Durham  in  1789  was  a 
prosperous  community.  Poland  had  1,400  inhabitants  at  its  incorporation  in 
1794.  Lewiston  in  1790  had  532  residents,  while  at  the  settlement  of  Port 
Royal,  later  Livermore,  about  400  people  were  living  (increased  to  863  in 
1800).  Thompsonborough  (Lisbon)  became  a  town  in  1799.  Littleborough 
(Leeds)  and  Pejepscot  (Danville)  had  thriving  communities. 

The  nineteenth  century  opened  with  prosperity  prevailing  here.  The 
critical  and  dependent  period  of  struggling  for  homes  among  the  forests  during 
the  pioneer  stage  had  passed  away.  Comfortable  farms  of  productive  new 
soil  had  begun  to  be  remunerative,  while  a  steady  immigration  flowed  hither 
from  the  old  towns  of  Massachusetts  and  the  Maine  coast.  The  lumber  and 
fur  trades  were  valuable  and  largely  extended,  and  a  wise  legislature  had  taken 
measures  to  prevent  the  extermination  of  deer  and  fur-bearing  animals.  As 
early  as  1784  an  act  was  passed  making  it  a  penal  offense  to  cut  one  of  the 
primitive  growth  of  white  pine  upon  the  public  land,  thus  following  the  laws 
enacted  under  William  and  Mary  and  Georges  I  and  II,  and  regulations  were 
made  for  the  maintenance  of  a  standard  quality  of  lumber,  pot  and  pearl 
ashes,  etc.,  which  gave  an  added  value  to  these  productions  of  a  new  country. 
There  was,  however,  little  money  in  circulation  and  heavy  taxes  pressed  heavily 
upon  the  people  whose  commodities  brought  returns  in  barter  rather  than 
money.  The  cotton  and  linen  goods  used  were  largely,  if  not  wholly,  the 
production  of  the  mothers  and  daughters  at  the  home  fireside,  while  the 
tanned  hides  of  the  deer,  moose,  etc.,  formed  an  important  factor  in  making 
the  clothing  of  the  men.  Industry,  temperance,  and  economy  were  cardinal 
principles  of  this  generation,  and  there  was  an  uncommon  increase  in  the  value 
of  lands  and  in  their  improvement.     Williamson  justly  says:  — 

To  clear  the  woodlands  of  their  rugged  incumbrances,  and  render  them  smooth  for  the 
plough  and  the  scythe  and  fit  for  human  habitaucy,  required  a  fortitude  and  persevering 


66  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


industry  which  are  never  permitted  to  abate.  The  first  settlers  possessed  these  qualities 
in  an  eminent  degree.  Nor  were  their  felicities  all  in  prospect.  Rough  as  the  log  house 
may  appear  to  the  eye  of  luxury— it  was  usually  the  sanctuary  of  virtue,  of  health,  of 
character,  and  the  birthplace  of  many  such  as  the  world  calls  great.  Even  the  merest 
wood-cutter  amidst  his  solitude  breathes  a  nectarine  atmosphere  and  exults  in  his  freedom 
as  he  sees  field  added  to  field  and  "cottage  after  cottage  rise,"  until  the  wilderness  changes 
and  brightens  into  towns,  the  products  of  honest  adventure  and  productive  toil  — the 
prospective  dwelling  places  of  posterity  in  successive  generations. 

Up  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  of  1812  the  settlements  flourished. 
The  coasting  vessels  brought  articles  of  necessity  that  were  easily  and  cheaply 
obtained  by  the  people  and  many  of  their  products  were  sold  at  remunerative 
prices.  With  the  War  came  hard  times.  The  force  of  the  embargo  was  heavily 
felt.  A  stagnation  occurred  in  all  business.  The  coasting  trade  was  at  an  end. 
No  markets  could  be  had  for  home  products  and  the  articles  of  necessity  so 
common  and  cheap  before  the  War  were  hardly  to  be  procured,  and  then  only 
at  enormous  prices.  Emigration  took  many  to  the  new  lands  of  the  West. 
The  deprivations  caused  by  the  cold  seasons  of  1815,  1816,  and  1817  added  to 
the  gloom  and  discontent.  Many  people  sold  their  homes  for  a  tithe  of  their 
value  to  go  to  more  promising  lands.  Small  grain  of  all  kinds  was  very  scarce. 
The  poorer  settlers  had  much  difficulty  to  get  seed,  and  how  to  obtain  bread 
was  an  unsolved  and  often  an  unsolvable  problem. 

From  the  first  the  settlers  had  grave  trials  and  unlooked-for  calamities.  In 
1785  there  was  a  remarkable  freshet  which  carried  off  all  of  their  bridges  and 
was  unprecedented  for  height.  The  year  1791  was  marked  by  a  great  incursion 
of  grasshoppers;  they  ate  the  corn  and  potatoes  to  the  ground,  and  in  many 
fields  not  one  bushel  of  potatoes  was  raised.  By  1802  crows  were  so  numerous 
and  destructive  that  one  of  the  first  acts  of  the  new  town  of  Minot  was  to 
vote  a  bounty  of  twelve  and  a  half  cents  for  each  head.  In  1815  winter 
continued  through  the  spring  months,  snow  falling  in  the  middle  of  May  from 
twelve  to  eighteen  inches  in  depth.  December  was  very  cold.  January,  1816, 
was  extremely  mild.  February,  mild,  with  a  few  cold  days.  March,  first  half 
cold  and  boisterous,  last  half  mild.  April  commenced  warm,  but  growing 
steadily  colder  was  like  winter  when  it  closed.  May  was  cold;  corn  was  killed, 
replanted  and  again  killed;  buds  and  fruits  were  frozen;  ice  formed  half  an 
inch  thick.  June  was  still  colder  than  May.  Snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  ten 
inches,  nearly  every  green  plant  was  killed,  and  fruit  was  everywhere  blighted,' 
July  was  a  winter  montli  with  snow  and  ice.  Corn,  except  on  some  hill  farms 
and  in  some  extremely  warm  locations,  was  entirely  killed.  August  was  cold, 
ice  forming  half  an  inch  thick.  The  corn  and  green  plants  the  previous  months 
liad  spared  were  frozen.      September,  after  the  first  two  weeks,  which  were 

iRcv.  Ransom  Dunham,  of  Paris,  as  quoted  by  Dr  Lapham  in  "  History  of  Norway,"  says:  "In 
18U),  June  7th,  snow  fell  two  inches.  I  redo  from  Hebron  to  Livermore  on  horseback  and  came 
near  freezing.    It  was  so  cold  that  it  killed  the  birds.     English  robins  were  frozen  to  death." 


Eaely  Settlements,  Progress  and  Changes.  67 

warm,  was  cold  and  frosty.  October  was  colder  than  usual,  with  much  ice  and 
frost.  November  was  cold,  with  sleighing.  December  was  pleasant.  The  corn 
of  1815  sold  for  seed  in  1817,  bringing  from  $2  to  13  a  bushel;  wheat  was 
worth  as  much.  This  year  was  a  cold  and  frosty  one;  all  crops  were  seriously 
injured,  corn  nearly  ruined.  Flour  brought  from  eight  to  ten  cents  a  pound; 
corn  could  not  be  bought  after  the  spring-time. 

The  fall  of  1817  was  the  commencement  of  better  days.  The  crops  were 
bounteous.  Those  who  had  not  migrated  tarried,  and  set  themselves  to  draw 
support  from  the  soil  and  were  successful.  Uncommon  efforts  were  now  put 
forth  throughout  the  state  to  promote  agriculture,  and  in  1818  an  agricultural 
society  was  organized  "to  cultivate  enterprise  and  improvements  in  farming, 
horticulture,  and  stock  raising."  Prosperity  again  returned,  and  the  Andros- 
coggin towns  grew  in  strength  and  wealth  until  the  coming  of  the  financial 
depressions  which  culminated  in  the  panic  of  1837.^  After  slowly  recovering 
from  these  hard  times,  agriculture  was  a  profitable  employment  for  many  years, 
yet  its  character  was  steadily  changing.  The  wheat  crop,  once  an  extensive 
one,  was  limited  about  1840  by  the  attacks  of  the  weevil,  yet  up  to  1850 
enough  was  raised  to  provide  flour  for  home  use.  The  culture  of  flax  and  the 
home  manufacture  of  cloth  was  discontinued  after  1840  with  the  buildinsf  of 
woolen  mills  that  made  satinets  and  exchanged  them  for  wool.  This  gave  an 
impetus  to  sheep  raising.  Before  this  time  sheep  were  only  raised  to  produce 
the  small  amount  of  wool  needed  for  domestic  use  and  occasionally  a  little 
mutton.  Roast  lamb  was  always  in  order  at  "  huskings."  The  greatest  number 
of  sheep  was  raised  from  1835  to  1850,  and  in  the  last  decade  of  that  period 
many  importations  of  merinos  were  made  and  the  quality  greatly  improved. 
Since  the  civil  war  but  few  sheep  have  been  raised.  Indian  corn  was  an 
extensive  crop  fifty  years  ago  and  its  yield  to  the  acre  was  but  little  short  of 
that  of  tlie  prairies.  But  a  small  amount  is  now  grown.  With  the  establish- 
ment of  canning  factories  in  the  last  few  years  the  culture  of  sweet  corn  has 
been  entered  upon  to  quite  an  extent.  From  the  first  settlement  every  farmer 
had  his  orchard,  not  as  a  source  of  revenue  but  of  home  comfort  and  social 
enjoyment.  The  evening  caller  and  day  visitor  was  regaled  with  apples  and 
cider,  and  cider  mills  were  in  operation  during  the  fall  in  every  section  of 

1  The  Aroostook  or  Madawaska  War,  in  1839,  claimed  national  attention,  and  arose  from  tlie  dispute 
about  the  northeastern  boundary.  New  Brunswick  and  the  United  States  claiming  the  same  territory. 
In  1839  a  party  from  New  Brunswick  captured  Rufus  Mclntire,  a  land  agent  of  Maine,  near  M.adawaska 
settlement,  and  took  him  to  Frederioton.  Considering  this  an  usurpation  and  an  invasion  of  Maine, 
Governor  Fairfield  called  out  the  militia  and  actual  warfare  seemed  imminent.  General  Hodsdon  was 
made  commander,  and  rendezvoused  the  troops  at  Bangor  and  Augusta.  General  Winfield  Scott  came 
to  Maine  as  the  military  representative  of  the  United  States,  and  sent  a  demand  to  the  provincial 
government  for  the  release  of  Mclntire.  The  demand  was  complied  with  and  the  state  troops 
disbanded.  All  anxiety  concerning  further  trouble  was  removed  by  the  Webster-Ashburton  treaty  in 
1842,  which  defined  the  boundary.  The  militia  of  the  Androscoggin  County  towns  was  engaged  in 
this  incipient  war,  and  old  settlers  yet  tell  of  the  excitement  and  deprivation  of  their  camp  life  on  the 
road  and  at  Augusta. 


68  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

the  settlements.  When  the  making  of  cider  was  forbidden  orchards  were 
neglected  and  many  trees  were  cut  down.  About  1870  a  foreign  demand  and 
market  were  created  for  American  apples,  and  from  that  time  great  attention 
has  been  paid  to  orcharding,  and  with  profit.  Greene  and  Turner  find  here  a 
rich  source  of  income,  as  Maine  apples  bring  highest  prices. 

The  raising  of  cattle  was  made  a  specialty  about  1870,  and  from  1875  to 
1880  great  improvement  was  made  by  the  bringing  in  of  Durham,  Hereford, 
Jersey,  and  Holstein  stock,  and  to-day  these  breeds  prevail  in  the  stock 
of  the  county.  The  breeding  of  fine  horses,  now  so  extensively  and  profit- 
ably carried  on,  was  commenced  somewhat  later.  Many  have  valuable  farms 
devoted  to  this,  and  nearly  every  farmer  has  some  colt  that  promises  speed 
and  a  high  price.  The  growth  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  has  caused  market 
gardening  to  be  taken  up  by  many  within  a  short  distance  of  the  cities  and 
the  growing  of  small  fruits  is  also  a  profitable  business.  Creameries  and 
butter  factories  have  been  recently  established  in  various  places  and  have 
yielded  fine  returns.  In  1874  the  Grange  was  established  here  and  has  worked 
with  perceptible  good  among  the  farmers,  and  while  those  who  cling  to  the 
methods  of  farming  in  vogue  forty  years  ago  complain  that  there  is  no  "  money 
in  farming,"  those  who  have  kept  in  touch  with  the  changing  conditions  of 
the  country  and  adapted  their  agriculture  to  the  new  demands  arising,  and 
who  have  given  energy  and  capital  to  the  production  of  a  proper  supply  realize 
that  farming  will  pay  in  Androscoggin  county.  The  canning  factories  are 
having  a  marked  influence  upon  the  new  agriculture.  The  corn  canned  is 
"sweet  corn."  As  an  illustration  of  their  effect  we  clip  this  item  from  a 
Lewiston  Journal  of  March,  1891:  — 

The  manageraeut  of  the  United  Packers  canniof;-  factory  in  Auburn  paid  out  $12,000 
last  season  for  goods  and  for  help.  As  will  be  seen  the  industry  is  one  of  considerable 
importance  to  Auburn  and  surrounding  towns.  Last  season  an  unusually  large  business 
was  done  at  this  factory,  but  the  prospects  are  that  this  season  they  will  do  a  still  greater 
business.  As  is  known  they  commenced  operations  last  season  in  the  early  fall,  continuing 
it  into  the  winter  to  a  considerable  extent.  On  a  conservative  estimate  their  total  pack 
was  as  follows:  corn,  5,000  cases;  pears,  500  cases;  plums,  200  cases;  api)les,  10,000 
bushels;  lima  beans,  6  tons,  besides  a  large  quantity  of  other  kinds  of  beans,  and  quantities 
of  pumpkin  and  squash.  With  the  exception  of  corn  the  farmers  were  paid  the  cash  on 
delivery  of  goods;  the  corn  was  paid  for  by  checks  later  on,  as  is  the  usual  custom.  Last 
year  they  paid  three  cents  for  every  twenty-six  ounces  of  corn ;  this  year  they  are  engaging 
acreage  at  three  and  one-fourth  cents  for  twenty-six  ounces.  This  is  an  advance  of 
one-fourth  of  a  cent  over  last  year,  an  advance  asked  by  the  farmers  of  the  canning 
concerns  hereabouts  not  so  long  since.  The  United  Packers  will  pack  the  same  kind  of 
goods  at  their  Auburn  factory  as  last  season  and  will  pay  the  market  price  for  everything 
they  buy.     They  will  put  up  more  corn  and  of  everything  than  last  season. 

Agriculture  was  superseded  by  manufacturing  as  a  business  factor  by  the 
development  of  the  magnificent  water-power  of  Lewiston,  the  growth  of  the 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  69 


shoe  industry  of  Auburn,  and  the  establishment  of  the  pulp  and  paper  mills 
at  Mechanic  Falls,  Livermore,  and  Lisbon,  and  the  wealth  derived  from 
agriculture  now  forms  but  a  small  fraction  of  that  produced  by  the  diversified 
manufactories  within  the  limits  of  the  county. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE   BIRDS    OF   ANDROSCOGGIN   COUNTY. 

By  Herbert  E.  Walter. 

Notes  on  the  Perching  Birds  of  Androscoggin  county,  supplemented  by  a  Catalogue 
of  Other  Species,  excluding  the  shore  and  water  birds,  also  identified  in  the  county. 


Introductory  Note.  — It  is  a  pleasant  office  to  turn  the  eyes  of  busy  mankind  from 
the  dusty  turmoil  of  the  work-a-day  world  to  the  green  fields,  the  fragrant  coolness  of  the 
woods,  and  our  friends  in  feathers  which  dwell  there.  Even  during  the  blustering,  snow- 
bound period  of  our  Maine  winter  the  birds  do  not  entirely  forsake  us,  but  it  is  especially 
in  the  spring  and  summer  that  they  bring  us  their  offering  of  song  and  sunshine.  By  the 
last  of  March  the  pageant  begins  with  the  arrival  of  the  robins,  bluebirds,  and  song 
sparrows,  and  soon  the  highways  of  the  air  are  thronged  with  the  little  travelers,  and  not 
until  the  last  of  May,  when  the  plaintive  notes  of  that  frowsy-headed  procrastinator,  the 
wood-pewee,  are  heard,  does  the  winged  stream  from  the  south  cease.  Nothing  is  more 
fascinating  when  once  begun,  or  more  health-giving,  mentally,  morally,  and  physically, 
than  to  study  these  wonderful  creatures  of  the  earth  and  air,  and  if  a  greater  sympathy 
than  has  hitherto  existed  between  some  reader  of  these  notes  and  God's  feathered  helpers, 
becomes  aroused,  the  object  of  writing  them  will  have  been  attained.  The  endeavor  has 
been  to  give  such  points  as  shall  enable  an  observer  to  identify  the  bird  as  seen  alive  in  the 
open  air  of  the  fields  and  forests,  for  the  needless  shooting  of  birds  should  be  severely 
condemned.  In  compiling  the  following  notes  I  am  indebted  to  the  well-known  works  of 
Baird,  Brewer, and  Ridgway;  Cones;  Samuels;  Stearns;  Brown;  Minot  and  Oliver  Davie;  to 
which  I  have  continually  been  obliged  to  turn  in  order  to  supplement  my  own  scanty  notes, 
and  I  am  especially  under  obligation  to  Professor  J.  Y.  Stanton,  not  only  for  much  valuable 
assistance  which  he  has  generously  given  me  in  preparing  this  article,  but  also  for  inspiring 
within  nie  a  love  for  the  birds.  •  g    j^   -^ 

THE  Passeres,  or  Perchers,  including  one-third  of  all  our  birds,  are  divided 
into  two  sub-orders.  The  Oscines,  or  singers,  constitute  the  first  sixteen 
families,  and  the  single  family  of  the  Tyrannidre,  or  fly-catchers,  makes  up 
the  second  sub-order  of  Clamatores,  or  non-singers.  The  nomenclature  of  the 
American  Ornithological  Union  is  used  in  this  article. 


70  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


First  Sub-order— OSCINES.     First  Family  — Turdidae. 

The  tlirush  family  occurs  everywhere,  except  in  Australia,  and  includes  the 
highest  singers.  Although  twenty-two  thrushes  are  catalogued  for  the  United 
States,  only  five  have  been  seen  in  this  county.  Their  special  mission  seems 
to  be  to  rid  the  surface  of  the  ground  of  noxious  insects.  Singing  at  the  close 
of  day  seems  to  be  a  family  characteristic. 

1.  WILSON'S  THRUSH.     Turdus  fuscesoens.     Stephens. 

This  is  the  "veery,"  and  he  holds  an  enviable  position  among  our  singers. 
His  back  is  colored  throughout  a  reddish-brown,  and  his  breast,  instead  of 
being  mottled  like  the  hermit's,  presents  a  faded  appearance.  They  often  sing 
their  low,  flute-like  song  in  concert.  Arriving  here  the  last  of  April,  the 
retrograde  migration  begins  the  last  of  August,  and  by  the  middle  of  September 
hardly  a  straggler  is  left. 

2.  BICKNELL'S  THRUSH.     Turdus  alici/E  bicknelli.    Ri(l(iway. 

Olive  back  and  gray  cheeks.     They  rear  their  young  well  up  towards  the 
sunnnit  of    Mount    Washington,  and    probably    pass    through    Androscoggin 
county,  though  I  am  not  aware  that  it  has  ever  been  seen  here. 
:3.   OLIVE-HACKED   THRUSH.     Turdus  usi'ulatus  swainsonii.     Cahanis. 

Uniformly  olive  from  head  to  tail,  with  spotted  breast.     He  is  sometimes 
seen  in  this  county  on  his  migration  during  May.     With  us  he  only  utters  a 
sharp,  harsh  call-note,  but  after  he   reaches  his    northern  home  and  begins 
housekeeping,  he  vindicates  his  right  to  belong  to  a  musical  family. 
4.   HERMIT  THRUSH.    Turdus  aonalaschk^^  pallasii.     Cahanis. 

Like  Jennie  Lind,  here  is  a  "natural-born  singer,"  by  many' regarded  as 
entirely  without  a  rival  among  our  feathered  vocalists.  He  is  a  shy  bird  as  his 
name  suggests,  and  his  plumage  accords  with  the  dry  leaves  and  twigs  of  early 
spring,  but  his  song  is  divine  in  its  sweetness  and  plaintive  melody.  It  is 
heard  in  out-of-the-way  thicket  places,  flute-like,  clear  and  woodsy,  just  at 
night-fall  and  in  early  morning.  They  arrive  by  the  middle  of  April,  but  soon 
become  rare  in  comparison  to  Wilson's,  which  follows  soon  after.  They 
usually  rear  two  broods. 

.5.   AMERICAN  ROBIN.    Merula  mioratoria.    Linnaus. 

Tlie  pilgrims  at  Plymouth,  worn  out  and  discouraged  by  that  first  long, 
dreary  winter  on  our  "rock-bound  coast,"  hailed  with  joy,  when  spring  came  at 
last,  this  cheerful  thrush  so  familiar  to  us  all.  In  their  homesickness  they 
christened  him  the  robin,  althougli  no  ties  of  relationship  bind  him  to  his 
English  namesake.  He  is  the  pioneer  of  the  spring,  being,  with  the  bluebird, 
the  earliest  to  arrive  from  the  south.  Sometimes  a  stracrgler  remains  all 
winter,  finding  shelter  low  down  in  the  thick  bushes  of  a  swamp.  They  rear 
their  young  everywhere  excej)t  in  the  grass  or  on  the  ground,  and  usually  have 
two  or  three  broods  during  the  season.     Young  robins  are  very  voracious,  and 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  71 

while  attaining  their  majority  keep  their  industrious  parents  at  work  from 
morning  till  night  to  supply  them  with  insect  food.  Mr  William  Brewster, 
in  The  Auk  for  October,  1890,  brings  to  our  notice  one  peculiar  habit  of  the 
robins  that  has  escaped  the  notice  of  even  the  ornithologists  until  recently. 
The  male  robins  do  not  remain  over  night  in  the  vicinity  of  the  nest,  but  at 
night-fall  fly  off  to  a  "roost"  together  in  some  dense  grove  of  trees,  congre- 
gating there  night  after  night  in  great  numbers.  This  habit,  so  far  as  has 
been  observed,' is  peculiar  to  the  robin. 

6.  BLUEBIRD.     Sialia  sialis.     Linn/nts. 

"Skj'-'tinged  above,  earth-tinged  below."  Coming  from  the  south  with  the 
robin  the  last  of  March,  the  bluebird  is  among  the  first  of  our  migrants.  Soon 
after  their  arrival  they  retire  to  the  woods,  usually  building  a  coarse  nest 
in  stumps  or  deserted  woodpeckers'  holes.  Their  warbling  call-note  is  some- 
times mistaken  for  that  of  the  robin,  which  it  resembles. 

Second  Family — Sylviidse. 

7.  GOLDEN-CROWNED   KINGLET.     Regulus  satrapa.    Lichtensfcin. 

The  males  have  an  olive-green  back  and  an  orange-red,  yellow-margined 
crown,  while  the  crowns  of  the  females  are  entirely  yellow.  Length  about 
four  inches.  The  weiglit  of  this  tiny  bird  is  only  one-sixth  of  an  ounce,  yet 
he  is  with  us  from  about  the  first  of  October  until  the  middle  of  April, 
evidently  enjoying  our  winter  weather.  They  breed  in  the  northern  part  of 
Maine,  and  one  nest  has  been  identified  by  Dr  Brewer  as  far  south  as  Bangor. 
They  are  very  social,  and  are  usually  seen  flying  restlessly  about  among  the 
bare  twigs,  after  insects  and  their  larvae,  in  company  with  nuthatches  and 
chickadees.  Their  note  while  with  us  consists  of  three  or  four  lisps,  zee-zee-zee, 
given  in  quick  succession. 

8.  RUBY-CROWNED   KINGLET.     Regulus  calendula.     Linmeus. 

The  mature  male  has  a  scarlet  patch  on  his  head ;  the  female  none. 
Rearing  its  young  in  Nova  Scotia,  this  bird  is  with  us  only  for  two  or  three 
weeks  from  the  middle  of  April,  but  he  makes  his  stay  memorable  by  his 
spirited  singing,  which  is  quite  remarkable  for  so  small  a  musician.  The  song 
is  very  difficult  of  description,  but  once  heard  will  never  be  forgotten.  In 
habits  the  ruby-crowned  are  similar  to  the  golden-crowned. 

Third  Family— Paridse. 

9.  WHITE-BREASTED   NUTHATCH.     Sitta  carolinensis.    Latham. 

Ashy  blue  above  and  dirty  white  beneath,  with  a  black  cap  and  neck  and 
white  cheeks.  The  nuthatches  have  long  bills  and  go  up  trees  like  the  wood- 
peckers, except  their  tails  are  too  short  for  bracing.  This  deficiency  is  more 
than  made  good,  however,  by  their  sharp  claws.  They  stay  throughout  the 
year,  nesting  in  hollow  trees.     Their  note  is  a  peculiar  nasal  cark,  repeated 


72  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


rapidly  at  intervals.     They  also  have  a  sibilant  note,  uttered  while  searching 
the  bark  of  trees  for  insects.     Length,  six  inches. 

10.  RED-BREASTED   NUTHATCB.     Sitta  canadensis.     Linnmis. 

Back  slaty;  under  parts  a  brownish  rusty  red.  A  black  line,  beneath  a 
white  line,  runs  through  each  eye.  In  shape  and  habits  similar  to  No.  9, 
excepting  that  they  remain  here  very  rarely  throughout  the  summer.  A  pair 
nested  in  a  hollow  tree  near  Lewiston  in  the  summer  of  1890.  The  hole  of 
the  nest  is  usually  smeared  with  pitch.  Some  say  in  explanation  that  this  is 
to  catch  insects,  and  others  say  that,  with  more  than  human  thoughtfulness, 
they  wipe  their  pitch-besmeared  feet  at  the  entrance  of  the  nest  whenever  they 
return  from  foraging  excursions  up  and  down  the  trunks  and  limbs  of  pine 
trees.  They  usually  arrive  from  the  north  the  third  week  in  August  and 
remain  until  the  first  of  April. 

11.  CHICKADEE.     Parus  atricapillus.    Linmrus. 

This  is  the  bird  that  is  happy  and  cheerful  with  us  all  the  year  around  and 
familiar  enough  to  be  a  living  example  to  every  one.  He  has  two  songs,  the 
one,  chick-a-dee-dee,  and  the  other,  given  only  rarely,  a  flute-like  pt'-wee-wee. 
Like  the  nuthatches  and  kinglets  they  are  always  busy,  searching  out  with 
never-failing  eye  the  insects  and  the  eggs  and  pupte  of  insects  that  infest  trees 
and  bushes.     They  build  in  hollow  trees  and  rear  large  families,  usually  seven. 

12.  HUDSONIAN   CHICKADEE.     Pards  hudsoniccts.    Forster. 

This  rare  visitor  has  a  brown  cap  and  is  slightly  smaller  than  his  more 
familiar  cousin,  whom  he  resembles  in  habits  and  disposition.  They  breed  in 
Labrador  and  the  Hudson  Bay  region  and  very  rarely  in  the  winter  come  as 
far  south  as  Androscoggin  count3^  The  writer  took  a  specimen  near  Lewiston, 
February  5,  1890,  and  a  second  May  5th  of  the  same  year,  and  three  other 
stragglers  were  taken  iu  this  locality  during  that  season,  with  these  excep- 
tions, so  far  as  I  am  informed,  the  bird  has  not  been  seen  within  the  county 
for  several  years.     They  fly  in  company  with  the  other  chickadees. 

Fourth  Family  —  Certhiidae. 

13.  BROWN  CREEPER.     Certhia   familtaris  Americana.    Bonaparte. 

Upper  parts  dark  brown,  streaked  with  ashy  white,  with  a  curved  bill  as 
long  as  the  head.  This  is  the  only  genus  of  the  family  in  America.  He 
remains  in  this  county  throughout  the  year,  although  seen  less  frequently  dur- 
ing the  summer  months.  The  nest  was  not  found  for  years,  but  finally  it  was 
discovered  that  it  built  iu  the  bark-pockets  formed  by  the  loosening  of  the 
bark  from  the  wood  of  balsam  firs  growing  in  swampy  places.  He  climbs 
trees  like  the  woodpecker,  bracing  with  his  tail,  and  is  often  seen  ascending 
and  descending  trees  in  spirals.  His  usual  note  is  only  a  sibilant  lisp  which 
has  been  represented  hy  the  syllables  cre-e,  cre-e^  cre-e-ep. 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  73 

Fifth  Family— Troglodytidse. 

14.  CATBIRD.     Galeoscoptes  carolinensis.     Linmeus. 

This  is  the  "  Maine  mocking-bird."  A  black-capped,  dark  slate  individual, 
with  the  versatility  and  nonchalance  of  a  Yankee.  He  arrives  early  in  May 
and  chooses  some  exposed  place  a  few  feet  from  the  ground,  like  a  clump  of 
bushes,  in  which  to  build  his  nest  of  bark,  sticks,  and  leaves.  The  finishing 
touch  of  his  architecture  is  usually  weaving  into  his  nest  a  discarded  snake 
skin.  Besides  mewing  like  a  cat,  whence  his  name,  he  has  at  his  command 
quite  an  extensive  repertoire  that  he  has  picked  up  from  his  neighbors. 
Mr  John  Burroughs  says  of  him:  "He  is  a  good  versifier,  but  not  a  great 
poet."  His  food  is  almost  exclusivel}^  the  larvae  of  insects,  and  so,  notwith- 
standing he  is  Paul-Pry-on-wings  and  makes  havoc  with  fruit,  he  is  a  valuable 
friend  of  the  farmer,  after  all.  The  eggs,  usually  four,  are  the  darkest  of  all 
our  blue  eggs  and  are  unspotted. 

15.  BROWN  THRASHER.     Harporhtnchus  rufus.    Linncp.us. 

Upper  parts  a  rich,  rusty  red.  Under  parts  white,  brown  tinged  with  an 
unspotted  throat  bordered  by  a  necklace  of  spots.  This  delightful  songster 
resembles  in  habits  the  catbird,  although  he  is  not  so  curious  and  is  less 
familiar  with  mankind.  His  song,  consisting  of  from  eighteen  to  twenty-two 
different  strains,  is  more  original  and  can  be  heard  at  a  greater  distance. 
They  come  north  in  pairs  the  first  week  in  May  and  return  the  first  of  October. 
The  nest,  similar  to  that  of  the  catbird,  is  built  on  the  ground  or  low  down  in 
bushes  or  trees.     Length,  eleven  inches. 

16.  HOUSE  WREN.    Troglodytes  aedon.     VieUlot. 

This  bird  is  variable  in  its  habitat  and  has  almost  deserted  some  towns 
where  it  was  formerly  abundant.  With  a  tail  turning  up  like  the  nose  of  a 
typical  Hibernian,  this  pugnacious  little  fellow  has  rights  of  his  own  which  he 
proposes  to  defend.  Often  they  are  not  content  with  their  own  rights  alone. 
For  instance,  they  have  been  known  to  drive  bluebirds  and  purple  martins 
from  their  nests,  which  they  have  afterwards  appropriated  for  themselves. 
Familiar  and  fearless  with  man  they  usually  build  in  hollow  trees  or  post-holes, 
and  even  in  boxes,  etc.,  near  houses,  always  filling  up  the  hole,  however  large 
it  may  be,  in  which  they  locate  their  nest.  They  utter  hoarse,  chattering  notes 
as  well  as  a  hearty,  trilling  song.  Length,  under  five  inches. 
\7.   WINTER  WREN.    Troglodytes  hyemalts.     VieUlot. 

This  pert,  inquisitive,  sly  busy-body  comes  to  us  the  last  of  April,  and 
again,  on  the  retrograde  migration,  about  the  middle  of  September,  tarrying  a 
little  longer  in  the  autumn  than  in  the  spring.  Occasionally  he  remains  all 
winter.  He  is  usually  to  be  seen,  hopping  in  and  out  of  brush-heaps,  on  low, 
moist  ground,  and  is  as  difficult  of  location  as  the  Irishman's  flea.  He  has  a 
gushing,  lyrical  song  that  is  very  sweet  and  quite  prolonged.  It  is  remarkably 
loud  and  is  so  spontaneous  that  it  seems  to  have  escaped  in  spite  of  the  singer. 


74  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


His  tail  is  more  than  erect  and  quite  short,  giving  him  an  air  of  jauntiness 
that  is  not  e(inaled  by  any  of  our  other  birds.     Length,  four  inches. 

Sixth   Family  —  Motacillidae. 

18.  AMERICAN  PIPIT.     Anthus  pensilvanicus.    Latham. 

Upper  parts  olive  brown,  showing  in  flight  two  white  tail-feathers.  Dr 
Coues  says  of  them:  "Voice  querulous,  gait  tremulous,  and  flight  vacillating." 
They  are  walkers  and  are  never  still,  but,  like  the  water  thrush,  seem  to  be 
afflicted  with  the  St  Vitus'  dance,  especially  in  their  tails.  They  rear  their 
young  in  Labrador,  going  north  by  one  course  and  returning  by  another, 
passing  through  this  county  only  in  the  fall. 

Seventh  Family — Mniotiltidae. 

The  warblers  are  the  real  woodbirds  and  are  the  second  largest  North 
American  family,  having  wide  range  in  habit  and  song.  All  are  small,  migra- 
tory and  insectivorous.     AH  confined  to  America. 

19.  BLACK  AND  WHITE   WARBLER.     Mniotilta  varia.     Linnmis. 

More  like  a  nuthatch  than  a  creeper  or  warbler,  this  bird,  from  the  last  of 
April  until  the  middle  of  October,  is  commonly  seen  in  woodlands,  thickets, 
and  swamps,  gracefully  searching  up  and  down  the  trunks  and  larger  branches 
of  trees  for  his  insect  food.  He  is  often  so  absorbed  in  his  work  as  to  entirely 
ignore  the  presence  of  spectators.  By  some  he  is  called  "  saw-your-leg-qff," 
from  his  song,  which  strikingly  resembles  the  noise  made  by  a  fine  saw. 

20.  NASBVILLE  WARBLER.     Helminthophila  rdficapilla.     Wilson. 

Upper  parts  olive  green.  Under  parts  a  rich,  clear  yellow  at  all  seasons. 
Cheeks  and  shoulders  gray  and  a  reddish-brown  cap  characterize  this  bird. 
Arriving  the  first  of  May,  comparatively  silent  and  songless,  they  proceed  to 
build  on  the  ground  a  nest,  which,  by  the  way,  is  very  large  for  so  small  tenants 
as  themselves,  of  leaves,  bark,  and  pine  needles,  sometimes  lining  it  with  horse- 
hair. The  song,  which  is  weak  but  interesting,  consists  of  repetitions  of  single 
notes,  the  whole  ending  suddenly. 
2L   TENNESSEE  WARBLER.    Helminthophila  peregrina.     Wilson. 

Much  like  the  Nashville  in  appearance  and  song,   except  being  entirely 
yellowish-gray  and  having  no  brown   head.      It  is  one  of  the  rarest  of  the 
warblers  that  pass  through  the  county  but  has  been  identified  several   times. 
A  specimen  was  taken  by  Mr  H.  V.  Neal,  in  Lewiston,  May  1,  1888. 
22.   PARULA  WARBLER.     Compsothlypis  Americana.     Linno'us. 

This  bird  was  formerly  called  the  "blue  yellow-back,"  and  the  name  gives 
an  idea  of  its  appearance.  Arriving  in  pairs  early  in  May,  they  return  during 
September.  They  are  abundant  in  high,  open  places,  where  they  may  be  seen, 
nervous  and  active,  among  the  terminal  foliage.  Mr  John  Burroughs  speaks 
of  them  as  the  handsomest  as  well 'as  the  smallest  warblers  known  to  him. 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  75 

The  note  is  a  drawling  one,  as  if  the  bird  had  an  impediment  in  his  throat. 
The  nest  is  often  an  architectural  wonder,  built  high  up  in  some  spruce  tree, 
and  is  the  only  nest  in  Maine  built  entirely  of  moss. 

23.  CAPE  MAY  WARBLER.     Dendroica  tigrina.     Gmelm. 

Upper  parts  yellowish-olive.  Under  parts  yellow,  black-striped.  Crown 
black  with  cheek  patch  of  orange  brown.  This  rare  visitant  flies  in  company 
with  the  magnolia  warblers,  which  it  resembles.  It  does  not  nest  in  the  county 
and  is  rarely  seen  here.    The  writer  took  a  specimen  May  7, 1890,  in  Lewiston. 

24.  YELLOW  WARBLER.     Dendroica  -iESTiVA.     &meUn. 

The  male  is  bright  yellow,  striped  with  orange,  while  the  female  has  no 
orange  stripes.  The  "summer  yellow-bird"  is  the  commonest  of  all  the 
warblers,  coming  as  tlie  forerunner  of  unfolding  leaves  and  summer  itself,  they 
return  soutli  early,  being  too  delicate  to  endure  much  cold  weather.  The 
nests  are  very  skillfully  constructed  of  fine  strips  of  bark,  willow  catkins,  etc., 
and  are  lined  with  fine  grasses,  feathers,  and,  when  the  little  architect  is 
fortunate,  with  cotton  or  wool.  The  vagrant  cowbird  often  turns  this  nest 
into  an  orphan  asylum  by  depositing  her  eggs  therein. 

25.  BLACK-TBROATED  BLUE  WARBLER.     Dendroica  cerulescens.     Gmclin. 
The  male  above  is  slaty  blue,  below   white,  with  a  black  throat  and  chin, 

all  the  colors  being  in  masses.  The  female  is  a  dull  olive-green,  with  a 
triangular  white  spot  at  the  base  of  the  primary  wing  feathers.  Their  note  is 
harsh  and  hoarse.  They  arrive  the  first  of  May  and  call  again  the  last  of 
September  on  their  return  south.  At  each  period  they  tarry  only  for  about 
i  two  weeks.  I  am  not  aware  that  their  nest  has  been  found  within  Andros- 
coggin county,  the  White  Mountains  being  one  of  their  usual  nesting  places. 

26.  MYRTLE  WARBLER.     Dendroica  coronata.     LinnrBus. 

Marked  by  a  white  throat  and  four  sharp  yellow  spots,  one  each  on  the 
I  head,  rump,  and  each  side  of  the  breast.  This  warbler  passes  through  the 
county  on  both  migrations,  the  last  of  April  and  earl}^  in  September,  usually 
in  company  with  other  birds,  and  in  quite  large  numbers  during  the  passage. 
Their  note,  which  is  not  very  noticeable,  may  be  represented  by  the  syllables 
zillet,  zillet,  repeated  very  rapidly. 

27.  MAGNOLIA  WARBLER.     Dendroica  maculosa.     Gmelin. 

A  slate-colored  head  with  black  eye-stripes  and  a  yellow  throat.  Black 
spots  and  stripes  on  the  chest.  A  dainty  bird  and  quite  a  common  summer 
resident,  arriving  about  May  6th  and  remaining  well  into  September. 

28.  CHESTNUT-SIDED  WARBLER.     Dendroica  pensylvanica.     Linnrcus. 
Whole  crown  pure  yellow  and  entirely  white  beneath,  with  chestnut  stripes 

down  each  side.  A  beautiful  bird,  coming  early  in  May  and  remaining  during 
the  season.  They  are  more  conspicuous  during  the  migrations,  for  they  scatter 
to  low,  wild,  swampy  localities  during  the  summer  months  in  order  to  build, 
in  low  saplings,  shrubs,  or  bushes,  their  nests  of  dried  grass  and  thin  strips  of 


76  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


bark.  Their  song,  tirelessly  repeated  at  short  intervals  while  searching  the 
leaves  and  twigs  for  insects,  is  something  like  the  syllables  whish-whlsh-whish- 
wMshea. 

29.  BAY-BREASTED  WARBLER.     Dendroica  castanea.     Wilson. 

Bay  on  breast  and  back  of  head.  Black  on  forehead  and  sides  of  head. 
This  is  one  of  the  rarer  warblers  breeding  in  northern  Maine,  especially  in  the 
vicinity  of  Urabagog.  It  is  sometimes  seen  here  dnring  its  migratory  passage. 
The  writer  took  one  May  17,  1890,  while  it  was  sluggishly  feeding  among  the 
lower  branches  in  a  pine  grove  near  the  city  of  Lewiston. 

30.  BLACK-POLL  WARBLER.     Dendroica  striata.    Forster. 

Upper  parts  grayish  olive-green,  heavily  streaked  with  black.  Black  cap. 
Under  parts  pure  white.  When  this  straggler  reaches  us,  usually  about  the 
21st  of  May,  we  may  know  that  summer  has  begun  in  good  earnest,  for  he  is 
the  last  of  the  warblers  to  arrive.  Although  he  is  so  tardy  in  reaching  us,  he 
goes  still  farther  north  to  rest.  His  retrograde  migration  begins-  by  the  middle 
of  September  and  continues  into  October.  He  is  active  and  restless,  and,  in 
addition  to  his  other  accomplishments,  is  something  of  a  fly-catcher. 

81.   BLACKBURNIAN  WARBLER.     Dendroica  blackburni^.     Gmelin. 

A  brilliant  flame-colored  throat  makes  this  bird  unmistakable.  Dr  Cones 
says  of  it :  "  There  is  nothing  to  compare  with  the  exquisite  hue  of  this 
Promethean  torch."  He  is  shy,  keeping  well  in  the  tree-tops  of  mixed  wood- 
lands, and  is  somewhat  rare.  They  arrive  in  Androscoggin  county  as  early  as 
the  first  week  in  May,  and  the  return  begins  early  in  September.  They  nest 
low  among  the  bushes. 

32.  BLACK-THROATED   GREEN  WARBLER.     Dendroica  virens.     Gmelin. 
Back  yellowish-olive.     Chin,  throat,  and   breast   black.      Cheeks   yellow. 

This  warbler  is  next  in  abundance  to  the  yellow  warbler,  especially  in  the 
vicinity  of  pineries,  for  they  nest  in  the  forks  of  pine  trees.  They  come  early 
in  May  and  prefer  the  foliage  of  the  high  trees  for  their  hunting-grounds. 
Their  peculiar  song,  something  like  fe-te-tc-te-fa-fe,  with  the  next  to  the  last 
syllable  dropped  in  i)itch,  can  be  easily  distinguished  in  tlie  jargon  of  warblers 
songs. 

33.  PINE  WARBLER.     Dendroica  vigor.sii.    Audubon. 

Dull  yellow  breast  without  distinct  markings,  and  often  called  the  "pine 
creeper,"  from  his  habits.  He  is  among  the  first  to  leave  the  south  for  our 
fragrant  pine  forests,  where  his  delicate,  high-pitched  trill  is  repeatedly  heard, 
and  he  does  not  return  until  about  the  second  week  of  October.  They  nest 
very  liigh,  sometimes  even  seventy  feet  from  the  ground,  and  when  not 
breeding  are  often  gregarious,  traveling  with  other  birds.  In  summer  they 
feed  on  the  larvse  and  eggs  of  insects,  but  in  the  winter  supplement  their  bill 
of  fare  with  such  small  fruits  as  they  can  find  south. 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  77 

34.  YELLOW  PALM  WARBLER.    Dendroica  palmarum  hypochrtsea.    Bidgwai/. 
Yellow  breast  and   reddish   crown.      This  is  the  first  warbler  to  arrive, 

coming  often  by  the  middle  of  April  and  returning  in  the  latter  part  of 
October  after  all  the  others,  with  the  possible  exception  of  the  myrtle,  have 
taken  passage.  On  each  migration  they  linger  in  this  county  about  a  month. 
The}^  have  the  noticeable  peculiarity  of  jerking  their  tails,  and  are  more  often 
seen  on  swampy  ground  than  in  high,  dry  places.  The  only  member  of  the 
Dendroecce  to  build  on  the  ground,  and  remarkable  also  for  nesting  nowhere  in 
the  United  States  except  in  northern  Maine. 

35.  OVEN-BIRD.     Seiurus  aurocapillus.     Linnreus. 

Yellow  crown,  with  breast  distinctly  marked  black  and  white.  This 
summer  resident  receives  his  common  name  of  "  oven-bird  "  from  his  peculiar 
habit  of  roofing  over  the  nest,  which  is  built  on  the  ground,  like  an  old-fashioned 
oven.  This  is  not,  however,  always  the  case  with  them.  They  arrive  about 
the  first  week  of  May  and  proceed  directly  with  their  matrimonial  arrange- 
ments, which  have  evidently  been  neglected  until  this  time.  Their  accustomed 
habitat  is  in  hard-wood  groves,  where  they  are  often  seen  walking  mincingly 
about  on  the  ground  or  scratching  among  the  leaves  like  a  hen.  Their  song, 
loud,  clear,  rapid,  and  echoing,  is  very  familiar.  Mr  John  Burroughs  describes 
it  very  happily  as  follows, —  teacher,  teacher,  teacher.  Teacher,  TEACHER! 

36.  WATER-THRUSH.     Seiurus  noveboracensis.     Gmelin. 

Chest  yellowish,  with  very  conspicuous  dark  stripes.  Resembling  his 
relative,  the  oven-bird,  in  many  ways,  he  differs  noticeably  in  his  habitat, 
preferring,  instead  of  dry,  hard-wood  groves,  lovv,  wet  places,  and  building  a 
nest,  principally  of  green  moss,  on  the  ground  near  the  water.  He  has  a  loud, 
clear,  cheerful,  striking  song  which  he  frequently  sings  while  bathing.  He 
walks  like  the  oven-bird,  and  has  the  additional  peculiarity  of  wagging  his 
tail  sideways. 

37.  MARYLAND  YELLOW-THROAT.     Geothltpis  trichas.     Linnreus. 

Male  with  yellow  breast  and  black  stripes  through  the  eyes.  Female  with- 
out the  black  stripes.  Distinctively  a  ground  warbler  and  very  common  in 
shrubbery  and  underbrush  from  the  first  week  in  May  until  well  into  October. 
Occasionally  found  in  fields  of  grain  when  the  insects  are  plenty  there.  Silent 
in  the  fall  but  tirelessly  repeating  its  tvhit-ta-tee-tee  during  the  earlier  months. 
Her  basket-like  nest  is  built  carelessly  of  very  coarse  materials. 

38.  WILSON'S  WARBLER.     Sylvania  pusilla.    Wilson. 

Mature  males  with  bright  yellow  chest  and  black  cap.  The  females  and 
young  males  lack  the  black  cap.  This  warbler  also  nests  upon  the  ground, 
and  is  often  classed  as  a  fly-catcher,  because  of  his  proficiency  in  that  direction. 
They  come  north  the  second  week  of  May,  and  are  occasionally  seen  until  the 
last  of  August,  sometimes  rearing  their  young  in  this  county,  although  they 
usually  go  a  little  farther  north  to  nest. 


78  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


39.  CANADIAN   WARBLER.     Sylyania  Canadensis.    Linnmus. 

Upper  parts  bluish-lead  color.  Yellow  chin  and  throat,  the  latter  bordered 
with  a  necklace  of  black.  Also  has  a  yellow  breast.  In  habits  much  like  No. 
38.  They  usually  nest  in  a  tussock  of  grass,  and  the  male  has  a  lively, 
animated  song.  Mr  John  Burroughs  speaks  of  him  as  "too  happy  to  keep 
silent." 

40.  AMERICAN   REDSTART.     Setophaga  ruticilla.     Linnccus. 

Glossy  blue-black  above  and  white  beneath.  In  the  male  six  rich,  orange 
spots,  situated  one  on  each  side  of  the  tail,  wings,  and  breast,  being  replaced 
in  the  female  by  yellow  spots  similarly  placed.  As  the  scientific  name  signifies, 
the  redstart  is  pre-eminently  a  "mosquito  eater."  Graceful  and  rapid  in 
flight,' always  nervous  and  vivacious,  they  adorn  our  moist  woodlands  from 
May  to  September,  nesting  usually  either  in  or  near  the  fork  of  some  tree. 

Eighth    Family — Vireonidse. 

Half  warbler  and  half  fly-catcher,  measuring  between  five  and  one-quarter 
and  six  inches  in  length.  These  summer  residents  have  a  sweet  song  and  neat, 
delicate  plumage,  though  far  less  brilliant  and  variegated  than  that  of  the 
warblers.  Their  nests  are  well  woven,  pendulous  cups  suspended  almost 
invariably  from  the  small  forks  of  trees  and  bushes.  They  are  peculiar  to 
America,  and  are  often  called  "greenlets." 

41.  HED-EYED   VIREO.     Vireo  olivaceous.     Linnceus. 

Olive  color  above.  Whitish  beneath  with  a  black  stripe,  above  a  white 
stripe,  over  the  eye.  Iris  of  eye  red.  This  genial,  happy,  industrial  bird  is 
one  of  the  commonest  and  most  widely  distributed  of  all,  and  from  May  to 
August  can  be  seen  and  heard,  especially  among  the  elms  and  maples  of  old 
pasture  lands,  where  he  busily  searches  the  leaves  for  his  insect  food.  He  sings 
a  sleepy,  persistent,  sing-song  strain  all  day  long,  and  with  apparent  indifference, 
like  a  boy  whistling  abstractedly  at  his  work.  He  even  continues  to  sing  late 
in  the  summer  after  all  the  other  birds  have  abandoned  the  musical  profession. 

42.  WARBLING   VIREO.    Vireo  gilyus.     Vicillot. 

Similar  in  appearance  to  the  red-eyed,  the  warbling  vireo  is  distinguishable 
by  the  absence  of  the  black  line  over  the  eye.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  singei'S  that  comes  to  us  in  the  cities  and  towns,  warbling,  at  short 
intervals,  from  the  second  week  in  May  until  September,  a  cheerful,  long- 
continued  strain  in  the  trees  that  line  our  streets  and  roadsides.  His  voice  is 
weak,  but  it  is  tenderly  liquid. 

43.  YELLOW-THROATED  VIREO.     Vikeo  elavifrons.     VieUlot. 

Olive  head  and  slate-blue  rump.  Yellow  throat  and  white  beneath.  Tail- 
feathers  white-edged.  This  is  the  handsomest  of  the  vireos  and  probably  the 
least  common,  although  often  seen  here  during  their  passage. 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  79 

44.  BLUE-HEADED  VIREO.     Vireo  solitarius.     Wilson. 

Olive  back  and  white  around  the  eyes.  Whitish  beneath,  with  yellow 
undersides.  Distinguishable  by  its  dark  ashy-blue  head.  Arriving  the  earliest 
of  all  the  vireos  late  in  April  or  early  in  May,  they  are  quite  abundant  for  a 
short  time,  after  which  they  pass  farther  north,  perhaps  a  few  remaining  to 
breed  here.  They  also  linger  the  last  of  the  vireos  in  their  retrograde 
migration. 

Ninth  Family  —  Laniidae. 

45.  NORTHERN   SHRHvE.     Lanius  p.orealis.     Vieillot. 

Snuff-colored  back,  dark  wings,  rippled  breast,  and  white-edged  tail.  This 
is  the  "  butcher-bird,"  who  exercises  his  cruel  and  tyrannical  disposition  in  our 
county,  from  October  to  April,  on  small  birds,  mice,  and  such  insects  and 
larvai  as  are  in  exposed  situations.  He  is  the  "white  whisky-John"  of  the 
Indians  and  has  been  very  suggestivel}^  designated  by  Dr  Wheaton  as  the 
"  bushwhacker  among  birds."  Sometimes  he  is  attracted  even  into  the  cities 
after  the  English  sparrows  that  throng  our  streets,  and  he  has  the  peculiar 
habit  of  impaling  his  prey  on  some  thorn  or  stub  after  he  has  torn  off  its  head 
and  taken  its  brain,  for  the  shrike  is  a  great  believer  in  brain  food.  He  seizes 
his  quarry  in  his  bill  with  unerring  aim,  usually  darting  from  some  lookout 
where  he  has  been  quietly  perched,  with  his  fiery  red  eye  wide  open  for  the 
opportunity.  Only  occasional  instances  are  given  of  their  breeding  in  the 
United  States  and  never  in  Androscoggin  county,  its  accustomed  nestino- 
haunts  being  farther  north. 

46.  LOGGERHEAD   SHRIKE.     Lanius  ludovicianus.     Llnnccus. 

Similar  to  No.  45  in  habits  and  appearance,  with  the  exception  of  beino" 
somewhat  smaller.  A  black  line  running  above  its  eyes  and  beak  is  its 
distinguishing  characteristic.  This  shrike  is  much  less  common  than  the 
former,  but  has  been  taken  in  the  county.  The  nests  of  both  shrikes  have 
been  found  in  Maine. 

Tenth  Family  —  Ampelidae. 

47.  CEDAR  WAXWING.     Ampelis  cedrorum.     Vieillot. 

This  gipsy-like  bird,  with  his  sleek  coat  of  an  indescribable  snuff-brown 
color,  looks  as  if  he  had  just  stepped  out  of  that  traditional  bandbox  from 
which  some  scrupulously  neat  persons  are  supposed  to  emerge.  A  gentleman 
of  leisure  in  the  midst  of  a  busy  world,  he  delays  the  shackles  of  wedded  life 
until  late  in  the  season,  and  usually  it  is  the  first  of  July  before  their  bulky 
nest  appears,  built  in  some  cedar  or  orchard  tree.  Dr  Cones  aptly  describes 
their  insignificant  note  as  a  "weak  and  wheezy  whistle."  They  are  sociable, 
amiable,  and  affectionate  in  disposition,  and  seem  to  liave  quite  a  code  of 
genteel  manners,  as  is  illustrated  by  their  peculiar  habit,  which  I  had  the  good 
fortune  once  to  observe,  of  daintily  passing  an  insect  or  berry  back  and  forth 
from  beak  to  beak  before  eating  it,  as  if  out  of  pure  politeness.     In  the  earlier 


80  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


part  of  the  season  they  feed  on  the  insects  and  their  larvae,  which  are  so 
injurious  to  the  fruit  trees,  but  later,  as  the  cherries  ripen,  they  turn  them- 
selves into  generous  paymasters  for  their  own  valuable  services,  much  to  the 
annoyance  of  the  farmer,  who  only  sees  his  cherries  disappearing  before  his 
very  eyes.  Still  later,  in  "dog-days,"  when  the  small  fruits  become  less 
plenty,  the  "cherry-birds"  take  a  few  weeks'  hunting  excursion  for  insects  up 
the  streams  and  lakes,  and  by  September  their  summer  vacation  is  over. 

Eleventh  Family  —  Hirundinidae. 
This  well-defined  group  of  insectivorous  birds  is  distributed  all  over  the 
world,  about  one  hundred  species  being  nominally  recorded.  They  are  great 
housekeepers  and,  returning  usually  in  April,  they  build  their  peculiar  nests, 
not  so  much  in  concealment  as  in  inaccessible  places.  They  often  return  year 
after  year  to  the  same  nest.  Graceful  and  dextrous  in  flight,  they  scarcely  ever 
use  their  feet,  relying  on  their  pinions  for  locomotion.  The  following  are  the 
only  representatives  of  this  family  in  this  county,  the  so-called  "  chimney 
swallow  "  belonging  to  an  entirely  different  family,  the  Ci/jjseliihe. 

48.  PURPLE   MARTIN.     Progne  subis.    Linnmus. 

This  loquacious  and  interesting  bird  is  the  largest  of  the  swallows,  and  has 
come  to  be  familiar  in  many  localities  where  bird  houses  have  been  erected  for 
his  occupancy.  He  is  something  of  a  city  bird,  since  his  choice  for  a  nesting- 
place  in  the  country  is  too  often  disputed  for  his  comfort  by  the  blue  birds, 
wrens,  and  tree  swallows.  They  formerly  built  in  hollow  trees,  but  since 
bird  houses  have  been  constructed  for  them  they  keep  abreast  of  civilization 
and  occupy  these.  It  requires  two  years  for  the  young  to  attain  the  beautiful 
purple-black  color  of  the  adult.  The  male  has  been  observed  occasionally  to 
stay  at  home  on  the  eggs  during  incubation,  like  a  dutiful  spouse,  and  give  the 
female  a  short  afternoon  out.  He  often  has  pitched  battles  with  the  king  bird, 
and  also  the  irrepressible  English  sparrow  with  whom  he  has  had  a  misunder- 
standing from  time  immemorial.  Their  food  is  principally  flies,  wasps,  bees, 
and  beetles,  and  their  song  is  noisy  and  loud,  but  quite  pleasant, 

49.  CLIFF  OR  EAVES   SWALLOW.     Pbtrochelidon  lunifrons.     Say. 

Ash  colored  crescent  on  the  head.  This  bird  was  originally  a  South 
American  species,  and  it  has  slowly  migrated  north  until  it  has  reached  Maine 
in  abundance.  They  build  their  flask-shaped  nests  of  mud  usually  under  the 
eaves  of  barns  and  sheds  where  their  unmusical,  earnest,  and  not  unpleasant 
creaking  note,  uttered  as  if  with  difficulty,  becomes  familiar  to  every  one. 
They  are  called  republicans  from  their  social  habits. 

50.  BARN   SWALLOW.     Chelioon  erythrogaster.     Boddaert. 

This  most  abundant  of  the  swallows,  flashing  in  and  out  of  old  barns  in 
every  country  place,  is  the  only  one  of  the  family  with  the  forked,  or  typical, 
swallow  tail.     Like  the  other  swallows,  while  abroad  on  his  beautifully  erratic 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  81 


and  graceful  flight,  he  catches  flying  insects  in  his  mouth  and  sticks  them 
together,  by  means  of  a  peculiar  mucus,  into  little  balls  which  are  afterwards 
fed  to  the  young.  The  nest  is  a  structure  of  mud  pellets  interwoven  with 
straw  or  hay  and  lined  with  fine  grasses,  often  a  whole  village  of  them  being 
placed  together  in  the  rafters  of  a  barn.  Social,  affectionate,  and  wonderfully 
active,  they  are  always  benefiting,  and  never  injuring  their  human  brothers. 

51.  TREE   SWALLOW.     Tachycineta  bicolor.     Vieillot. 

White  beneath  and  iridescent  bluish-black  above.  These  beautiful  little 
inhabitants  of  the  air  are  more  conservative  than  some  of  their  family,  and 
still  build  in  hollow  trees  and  old  woodpeckers'  holes,  as  their  ancestors  did, 
although  occasionally  a  pair  will  occupy  the  chinks  of  a  building  or  a  martin 
house.  They  have  an  especial  fondness  for  water  and  linger  quite  late  in 
autumn,  depending  somewhat  on  the  weather  for  their  departure. 

52.  BANK  SWALLOW.     Clivicola  riparia.     Lmncrus. 

Brown  back,  white  throat,  and  dirty-tinged  beneath.  The  least  in  size  and 
the  commonest  of  the  swallows  in  such  localities  as  are  favorable  for  the 
construction  of  their  remarkable  nests.  These  nests  are  dug  in,  perpendicularly 
to  the  surface  of  some  bank,  usually  from  two  to  four  feet,  and  all  the  work  is 
done  with  the  closed  bill  of  the  little  bird.  They  possess  a  rapid,  flickering 
flight,  and  delight  to  dip  their  breasts  into  the  water  as  they  skim  over  its 
surface  in  their  zigzag  course  after  insects.  They  are  the  shyest  of  all  the 
swallows. 

Twelfth  Family  —  Tanagridae. 

53.  SCARLET   TANAGER.     Piranga  erythromelas.     Vieillot. 

Mature  male,  bright  scarlet  with  dark  wings  and  tail,  the  scarlet  being 
replaced  in  the  female  by  dull  olive.  This  bird  is  so  brilliant  that  he  attracts 
even  the  most  careless  eye  as  he  flashes  in  the  midst  of  the  green  foliage.  The 
full  color  of  the  male  is  not  attained  until  after  the  first  year,  and  it  fades  in 
the  autumn  almost  to  the  olive  of  the  female.  Although  quite  rare  yet  it  has 
been  repeatedly  seen  in  Androscoggin  county. 

Thirteenth  Family  —  Fringillidae. 

This  is  the  feathered  Smith  family,  being  the  largest  and  containing  one- 
ninth  of  our  North  American  birds.  It  includes  the  finches,  grosbeaks,  and 
crossbills,  hailing  chiefly  from  the  north,  and  the  vast  army  of  sparrows,  mostly 
from  the  south. 

54.  EVENING  GROSBEAK.     Coccothraustes  vespertina.    Cooper. 

Yellowish  brown,  with  black  wings  and  tail  and  a  large  white  spot  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  wing.  Black  on  the  head.  A  striking  combination  of  black, 
white,  and  yellow.  The  nest  and  eggs  of  this  very  rare  visitor  have  never 
been  found.  The  birds  themselves  have  been  reported  only  a  few  times  within 
the  limits  of  the  United  States  and,  so  far  as  I  am  informed,  it  has  never  been 


82  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


seen  in  Maine  but  once,  when  a  male,  in  full  plumage,  was  taken  on  the  Bates 
College  campus  in  Lewiston,  January  10,  1890. 

55.  PINE   GROSBEAK.     Pinicola  enucleatok.     Linnaus. 

Male  reddish.  Female  olive-green.  With  a  large  beak,  as  the  name 
signifies.  These  birds  are  not  uncommon  visitors  of  our  coniferous  woods 
during  the  winter  months,  where  they  feed  on  young  buds.  Sometimes  they 
visit  an  orchard  for  the  seeds  which  they  can  pick  out  of  the  frozen  apples 
which  may  be  left  hanging  on  the  trees.  Being  good  singers  and  quite  tame, 
they  are  often  taken  into  captivity  as  cage  birds.  They  fly  about  in  small 
flocks  and  are  somewhat  sluggish  in  their  movements.  Length,  eight  and 
one-half  inches. 

56.  PURPLE   FINCH.     Carpodacus  purpureus.     Gmelin. 

Male  with  reddish  breast,  fading  away  insensibly  beneath  and  not  attaining 
its  color  until  the  second  year.  Female  olive.  The  only  purple  about  this 
bird  is  in  its  name.  Brilliant  and  lively  in  song,  he  holds  rank  as  one  of  the 
sweetest,  best,  and  most  constant  of  our  singers,  and  therefore  he  is  often 
caged,  when  he  is  known  as  the  red  linnet.  Although  they  have  no  proper 
crest,  yet  they  are  in  the  habit  of  erecting  their  crown  feathers  on  occasion, 
and  often  after  moulting,  especially  in  captivity,  their  plumage  turns  to  a 
yellowish  color.  They  fly  in  compact  flocks,  usually  alighting  and  starting 
up  together.  With  the  robin  and  cedar  waxwing  he  forms  the  trinity  of 
cherry-eaters. 

57.  AMERICAN  CROSSBILL.     LoxiA  curvirostra  minor.     Brehm. 

This  winter  resident,  red-tinged  in  the  male,  is  never  mistaken  when  once 
his  beak  can  be  examined.  The  mandibles  cross  each  other,  this  peculiar 
arrangement  being  especially  adapted  for  prying  out  the  pine-cone  kernels  on 
which  the  bird  feeds.  They  are  seen  flying  in  flocks  high  overhead  and 
alighting  only  in  the  tops  of  tall  evergreens,  and  they  utter  a  peculiar, 
whistling  twitter  while  in  flight.  They  nest  very  early  and  are  quite  erratic 
in  their  appearance,  a  flock  being  seen  and  three  of  them  taken,  in  Lewiston, 
June  3,  1891. 

58.  WHITE-WINGED  CROSSBILL.     LoxiA  leucoptera.     Gmelin. 

Similar  to  but  somewhat  more  rare  than  No.  57,  and  distinguishable  by  the 
marked  white  bars  on  the  wings.  They  usually  fly  in  company  with  the 
American  crossbills  and  have  been  reported  in  the  Arctic  regions  by  Sir  John 
Richardson.  They  were  very  abundant  throughout  the  county  in  the  winter 
of  1888-89,  remaining  even  into  the  spring. 

59.  REDPOLL.     Acanthis  linaria.     Limiccus. 

Brown,  with  small  red  crown.  These  neat,  hardy  little  snow-birds  usually 
make  their  cheerful  api)earance  after  the  first  heavy  snow  fall,  taking  possessioji 
of  fields  and  gardens  wherever  the  weed-stalks  and  grasses  lift  up  a  supply 
of  seeds  above  the  sno\y.     They  are  timid  and  easily  alarmed,  and  in  note 


I 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  83 

and  general  habits  resemble  the  goldfinches.  They  nest  in  the  alders  of 
Greenland  and  the  Hudson  Bay  region,  and  their  migration  seems  to  be 
controlled  rather  by  the  food  supply  than  the  weather,  as  they  are  very  erratic 
in  appearance. 

60.  AMERICAN   GOLDFINCH.     Spinus  tristis.     Linnrr.us. 

Black  cap,  wings,  and  tail.  The  male  bright  yellow  elsewhere,  and  the 
female  olive  green.  This  nomadic  little  dandy  in  feathers  is  regularly  a 
summer  resident,  but  occasionally  he  remains  in  the  count}^  all  winter.  They 
gather  in  large  flocks  in  the  autumn  and  cau  everywhere  be  heard,  festooning 
their  plaintive  lisping  twe-e  twe-e  through  the  air  in  their  undulatory  flight. 
For  three-fourths  of  the  year  they  are  gregarious,  and  separate  into  pairs  only 
long  enough  to  build  their  peculiar  felted  nests  and  to  rear  one  brood.  They 
are  called  the  "  thistle  birds"  because  they  feed  so  largely  on  the  seeds  of  the 
Canadian  thistle. 

61.  PINE   SISKIN.    Spinus  pinus.     Wilson. 

Olive  green,  black  mottled,  with  a  very  pointed  beak  and  considerably 
yellowish  on  the  wings.  This  is  the  "pine  finch."  With  querulous  notes  and 
undulatory  flight  they  frequent  thickets  and  uuderbrush  in  flocks.  They  are 
strictly  seed-eaters,  and  are  the  rarest  of  the  finches  that  visit  us,  with  the 
exception,  of  course,  of  the  evening  grosbeak. 

62.  SNOWFLAKE.     Plectkophenax  nivalis.     Linncnis. 

In  full  dress  much  more  nearly  white  than  it  is  in  its  winter  plumage.  The 
"snow  bunting"  is  always  welcome  when  a  flock  of  them  come  scurrying 
down  in  the  teeth  of  a  snow-storm  to  brighten  a  dreary  winter  day.  The}' 
are  entirely  terrestrial  and  seed-eating  in  habits.  One  peculiarity  about 
them  is  the  fact  that  they  change  from  winter  to  summer  plumage  by 
the  fraying  off  of  the  ends  of  the  feathers  without  moulting.  They  breed 
within  the  Arctic  Circle,  and  are  said  to  have  a  beautiful  song  in  their  far 
northern  home. 

63.  VESPER  SPARROW.     Pooc.ictes  gramineits.     Gmelin. 

The  individuality  of  this  bird,  often  called  the  "  grassfinch  "  or  "  bay-winged 
bunting,"  is  betrayed  chiefly  by  two  or  three  white  tail-feathers  made  conspic- 
uous in  flight.  He  has  been  called  the  "  poet  of  the  pastures,"  and  his  soft, 
sweet,  and  somewhat  plaintive  strain  is  usually  heard  greeting  the  djnng  day, 
from  which  habit  Mr  Wilson  Flagg  christened  him  the  "  vesper  bird."  Their 
nest  is  built  on  the  ground,  and  the  mother  bird  will  always  do  her  best  to 
decoy  intruders  by  running  before  them  in  the  grass,  or  even  by  feigning  a 
broken  wing,  to  attract  attention  when  the  safety  of  her  trust  becomes 
especially  imperiled.  They  are  summer  residents,  coming  usually  by  the 
middle  of  April,  and  are  fearless  and  unsuspicious  of  mankind  in  their  general 
habits,  neither  seeking  nor  shunning  human  society.  The  eggs  have  a  milky, 
yellowish  tinge  instead  of  the  green  of  the  song  sparrow, 


84  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


64.  SAVANNA  SPARROW.     Ammodramus  sandwichensis  savanna.    Wilson. 

It  requires  some  experience  to  distinguish  this  sparrow  away  from  his 
accustomed  haunts  of  open,  marshy  ground  and  when  he  is  not  singing  his 
peculiar  trilling  song.  A  yellowish  line  above  the  eye  marks  him  for  the  near 
observer.  They  come  early  in  April  and,  although  they  nest  in  open,  marshy 
fields  and  swampy  places,  yet  the  nest  itself,  of  coarse  grass,  is  always  sunken 
in  the  ground  in  a  dry  spot,  and  is  usually  somewhat  elevated.  Whenever  the 
nest  is  approached  they  thread  their  way  through  the  grass  like  a  mouse. 
They  are  somewhat  gregarious,  and  are  eminently  terrestrial.  Chiefly  in  the 
morning  their  weak  song  is  heard,  resembling  a  thin  insect  trill  in  its  volume 
and  ventriloquistic  properties. 

65.  WHITE-CROWNED   SPARROW.     Zonotrichia  leucophrys.     Forstcr. 

The  white  of  the  crown  separates  two  black  stripes  on  either  side  rather 
narrower  than  itself.  No  yellow  anywhere.  This  rare,  transient  visitor  is 
quite  irregular  in  his  appearance,  but  sometimes  passes  through  the  county 
on  his  way  to  Labrador,  where  the  young  are  reared.  He  pauses  long  enough 
sometimes  to  pour  forth  his  beautiful  song,  perched  in  some  tree  and  beating 
time  with  his  eloquent  tail.  The  song  is  loud,  clear,  and  musical  at  first,  with 
a  touch  of  plaintiveness,  diminishing  in  volume  until  it  dies  away  at  the  last. 

66.  WHITE-THROATED  SPARROW.    Zonotrichia  albicollis.     Gmelin. 
Yellowish  stripes  over  the  eyes.     Edge  of  wings  yellow.     The  female  has 

no  white  on  the  throat.  This  handsome  bird,  often  called  the  "  peabody  bird" 
from  his  song,  sometimes  nests  in  this  county,  although  usually  selecting  higher 
altitudes  or  latitudes.  They  arrive  by  the  third  week  of  April  and  linger  in 
the  fall  migration  until  late  into  November.  Generally  seen  flying  near  the 
ground  and  seeking  the  shelter  of  low  bushes.  Their  song,  a  series  of  clear 
whistles,  is  chanted  often  in  concert  in  earl}^  morning  and,  in  cloudy  weather, 
is  continued  at  intervals  all  day.  Often  in  the  dead  of  night  also  their  sweet 
and  plaintive  jjea-peahody-hody-bodij  is  heard,  when  the  effect  is  singularly 
striking  in  the  midst  of  the  stillness. 

67.  TREE   SPARROW.     Spizella  monticola.     Gmelin. 

Brown  cap  and  barred  wings  with  the  under  mandible  of  the  beak  yellow. 
A  rare  winter  resident,  nesting  on  the  ground  in  Labrador  and  New- 
foundland. They  are  quite  abundant  about  the  middle  of  April  during  their 
northern  migration,  flying  in  flocks  along  the  shrubbery  and  underbrush,  and 
occasionally  singing  their  soft,  sweet  song,  which  dissolves  at  last  into  a  warble. 
They  were  remarkably  abundant  in  Lewiston  during  the  season  of  1890-91. 

68.  CHIPPING  SPARROW.     Spizella  socialis.     Wilson. 

This  little  brown-capped  citizen  is  one  of  the  most  widely  distributed  and 
abundant  of  all  our  birds.  He  has  earned  the  name  of  "hair  bird,"  from  his 
skillful  workmanshij)  as  an  architect,  weaving  his  little  home,  which  is  perched 
on  some  bush,  out  of  hair  and  fine  grass.     Their  song  is  a  clear  trill,  and  the 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  85 

young  birds  experience  some  noticeable  difificulty  at  first  in  performing  it. 
Very  often  it  is  heard  in  the  night  when  it  may  be  some  overworked  little 
chipper  is  breaking  out  in  his  troubled  sleep,  or  more  likely  some  restless  little 
toiler  is  impatient  for  the  break  of  day.  Their  chipping  note,  which  they 
constantly  utter  and  from  which  they  are  christened,  sounds  like  chinking  two 
pebbles  sharply  together. 

69.  FIELD    SPARROW.     Spizella  pusilla.     Wilson. 

Faded  breast  and  reddish-yellow  beak.  This  bird  is  not  an  uncommon 
summer  resident  of  our  fields,  pastures,  and  scrublands,  building  a  deep  Jiest 
on  the  ground.  His  song  is  melodious  and  brilliant,  and  ordinarily  sung  at 
morning  and  night,  but  in  cloudy  weather  he  cheerfully  volunteers  to  sing 
during  the  day.  The  song,  which  rivals  that  of  the  white-crowned  and  fox- 
colored  sparrows,  begins  with  three  or  four  crescent-like  notes  which  dwindle 
rapidly  into  a  sweet  trill.  The  whole  has  been  very  well  described,  as  follows : 
fe-o  — f<'-o  — fe-o  — few  —  fctv  — few  — fee  — fee  — fee. 

70.  SLATE-COLORED   JUNCO.    JuNCO  hyemalis.     Linncms. 

Slate-colored  back,  and  slate-colored  bib  very  distinctly  defined  across  the 
breast.  White  bill  and  white  tail-feathers  iiirted  in  sight  during  flight.  Cheery 
and  bright,  the  "black  snowbird"  is  an  occasional  winter  resident,  when  they 
appear  as  the  feathered  prophets  of  a  coming  storm,  but  he  is  very  abundant 
during  the  spring  passage.  Their  migrations  are  quite  irregular  and  uncertain, 
often  in  flocks  with  other  birds,  but  they  retire  to  the  highlands  to  breed, 
seeming  to  be  constitutionally  unfit  to  endure  much  warm  weather.  Their 
song  is  a  simple  trill,  in  addition  to  which  they  are  continually  "sucking  their 
teeth,"  as  their  peculiar  note  has  been  happily  expressed.  Their  food  consists 
of  berries,  seeds,  and  insects. 

7\.   SONG   SPARROW.     Melospiza  fasciata.     Gmelin. 

His  quaker-like  garb  is  usually  adorned  by  a  blotch  of  black  in  the  middle 
of  the  breast.  Always  welcome,  this  cheerful  and  hardy  songster  gets  the  start 
of  the  spring  every  year,  being  the  earliest  arrival  of  his  family,  coming  with 
the  bluebird  and  robin,  and  collecting  in  loose  flocks  for  the  return  south  in 
October.  His  hopeful,  silvery,  jubilant  song  is  the  song  of  all  songs  in  the 
early  spring,  foretelling  the  joyous  carnival  to  come.  It  is  to  be  distinguished 
from  that  of  the  vesper,  who  joins  the  chorus  later,  by  the  two  or  three 
confident,  piping  notes  with  which  it  opens.  The  vesper  has  no  such  intro- 
duction, but  begins  in  the  middle  of  his  song  as  if  he  had  sung  a  part  of  it 
under  his  breath  before  opening  his  mouth.  The  song  sparrow  generally 
places  his  well-made  nest  on  the  ground,  and  usually  rears  at  least  two  broods 
during  the  summer. 
72.   SWAMP   SPARROW.     Melospiza  georgiana.     Latham. 

This  brunette  of  the  sparrows,  with  no  distinctive  mark  on  his  breast  like 
the  song  sparrow,  is  quite  a  rare  summer  resident  of  this  county.     His  life 


86  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


history  is  but  iraperfectl}^  known  because  of  his  secretiveness,  and  whenever 
his  seclusion  is  intruded  upon  by  some  member  of  the  human  family  in  rubber 
boots,  he  shows  his  indignation  by  spiteful  flirts  of  his  expressive  tail  as  he 
skulks  from  bush  to  bush  among  the  swampy  thickets. 

73.  FOX  SPARROW.     Passerella  iliaca.    Merreni. 

Conspicuous  from  his  beauty  and  size  as  well  as  his  form,  this  rare  visitor 
abounds  for  a  short  time  in  the  middle  of  April  and  then  disappears  for  his 
Arctic  nesting  grounds.  Haunting  shrubbery  and  undergrowth  and  frequently 
scratcliing  among  the  leaves  like  the  brown  thrasher  and  ovenbird,  whenever 
he  is  alarmed,  instead  of  taking  precipitous  flight  like  many  birds,  he  usually 
flies  to  some  low  perch  and  looks  about  for  the  cause  of  his  alarm.  His  song, 
once  identified,  is  unmistakable,  being  a  series  of  sweetly  modulated  tones 
terminated  by  a  vocal  twist  that  would  turn  Patti  herself  green  with  envy. 

74.  TOWHEE.     Pipilo  erythrophthalmus.     Limueus. 

Black  back,  chestnut  sides,  and  white  beneath.  A  red  iris  to  his  eye,  and 
showing  white  tail  feathers  in  flight.  With  as  many  dliases  as  the  crookedest 
of  us,  this  stylishly  dressed  scratcher-among-the-leaves  answers,  with  a  saucy 
flirt  of  his  tail,  to  the  names  of  "  towhee,"  "  chewink,"  and  "  joreet,"  because 
of  his  note,  and  "  ground  robin  "  and  "  marsh  robin  "  because  of  his  habits, 
although  it  is  questionable  how  far  the  latter  name  is  applicable.  He  is  quite 
rare  in  this  county,  although  he  is  very  common  farther  south  in  New  England. 

75.  ROSE-BREASTED  GROSBEAK.     Habia  ludoviciana.     Linn(eus. 

The  male  has  a  black  back  and,  after  the  first  year,  a  beautiful  blood  stain 
on  his  white  breast.  The  female  is  more  quietly  dressed  in  light  brown  and 
white.  Both  have  the  big  beak  of  the  grosbeaks  and  are  sometimes  tamed  as 
cage  birds.  Perhaps  no  one  of  our  birds  combines  more  attractions  in  beauty 
and  song  than  this  "rose  bud"  of  the  North  American  birds.  Nuttall  ranks 
him  even  next  to  the  mocking-bird  as  a  singer,  and  surely  his  rich  rolling  song, 
suggesting  that  of  the  robin  at  its  start,  entitles  him  to  much  praise.  They 
feed  on  the  seeds  of  birches  and  alders,  berries  and  buds,  and  do  not  scorn  an 
occasional  indulgence  in  insects. 

76.  INDIGO   BUNTING.     Passerina  cyanea.     Linnreiis. 

Male  dark,  rich  indigo,  with  black  wings  and  tail,  not  acquiring  its  full 
color  until  after  the  first  year.  One  would  never  suspect  that  the  modest 
snuff-colored  bird,  with  never  a  trace  of  blue  about  her,  wiio  follows  this 
gaudy  and  vivacious  bit  of  color,  was  liis  faithful  mate.  His  song,  given  rapidly 
and  often  —  even  in  the  heat  of  noonday  —  consists  of  about  six  notes  dimin- 
ishing in  volume. 

Fourteenth  Family  —  Icteridae. 

These  are  the  starlings  of  the  old  world,  and  they  all  have  sharp  beaks 
running  well  back  into  the  head,  'i'hey  are  walkers,  and  their  eggs  are  beau- 
tifully marked. 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  87 

77.  BOBOLINK.     Dolichonyx  ortzivorus.     Linnceus. 

This  merry  minstrel  of  our  meadows  has  a  sufficiently  changing  indi- 
viduality to  be  called  a  feathered  "•  Dr  Jekyll  and  Mr  Hyde."  Known  to  us  as 
the  most  light-hearted  and  rollicking  bird  of  the  whole  catalogue,  appearing 
in  his  motley  garb  by  the  middle  of  May,  before  the  summer  is  over  the  laugh 
has  died  out  of  his  song  and  his  theatrical  plumage  has  become  replaced  by 
citizen's  clothes.  Late  in  August  or  early  in  September  this  reformed  trouba- 
dour turns  his  course  to  the  south,  departing  usually  in  the  night,  when  his 
metallic  chink  from  the  blackness  of  the  upper  air  falls  on  the  ear  of  the 
belated  traveler.  In  Pennsylvania  he  becomes  the  ''reed-bird,"  where  he 
turns  himself  into  such  a  gourmand  and  become:fso  plump  that  whole  flocks 
are  shot  by  gunners  for  the  market.  In  the  Carolinas  he  undergoes  another 
change  and  is  the  "rice-bird,"  doing,  according  to  the  Agricultural  Depart- 
ment, -12,500,000  yearly  damage.  In  South  Aiuerica  he  is  the  "butter-bird," 
and  after  his  songless  winter  is  over  he  threads  his  way  north  to  our  New 
England  meadows  again,  where  he  turns  over  a  new  leaf  and  rears  his  young, 
covering  his  multitude  of  sins  by  that  most  popular  and  jolly  of  all  our 
summer  songs.  The  young  birds  fly  before  the  hay  harvest,  and  the  nests, 
although  placed  in  open  meadows  on  tussocks  of  grass,  are  rarely  found  except 
by  accident.  The  bobolink  with  a  hovering  flight  sings  often  in  the  air,  and 
then  his  music  sounds  as  if  some  musical  winged  bottle,  with  its  stopper  lost 
forever,  was  bubbling  out  its  liquid  contents  over  the  green  fields. 

78.  COWBIRD.     MoLOTHRUS  ater.     Boddaert. 

This  glossy  black  polygamist  with  his  faded-out  wives  has  a  very  question- 
able character  among  bird  circles.  Gipsy-like,  they  never  build  a  nest,  but  the 
females  foist  their  eggs  in  nests  already  occupied,  to  be  hatched  and  reared  by 
respectable  birds.  The  vireos,  warblers,  and  sparrows  are  especially  the 
philanthropists  who  are  thus  imposed  upon.  The  young  cowbird,  with  the 
blood  of  generations  of  vagabonds  in  his  unsightly  little  body,  instinctively 
pushes  his  nest-mates  over  the  edge  of  the  nest,  if  they  ever  have  the  mis- 
fortune to  be  hatched  after  his  advent,  and  monopolizes  the  entire  care  of  his 
foster-parents.  As  soon  as  he  can  fly  he  always  joins  others  of  his  kin  and  in  their 
company  goes  to  the  bad  like  his  fathers  before  him.  Like  some  people,  they 
seem  to  think  that  they  can  sing,  and  often  alighting  in  the  tops  of  tall  trees, 
their  painful,  but  somewhat  melodious,  squeaking  note,  given  with  spreading 
wings  and  ruftling  feathers,  and  sounding  like  the  sweaty  hand  of  the  small  boy 
as  he  slides  down  the  banister,  is  heard.  Nothing  will  draw  the  insectivorous 
"cow  blackbirds"  like  a  "burnt  piece,"  and  their  dusky  forms  seem  especially 
in  place  there  as  they  walk  about,  crow-like,  upon  the  charred  ground. 

79.  RED-WINGED   BLACKBIRD.     Agelaids  ph(ENICKus.     LnuKfus. 

General  color,  velvet  black.  The  males  who  are  two  years  old  have 
crimson  spots  on  their  shoulders,  as  if  their  maturity  entitled   them  to  these 


88  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


chevrons  of  respect.  They  are  very  abundant  in  marshy  places,  building  in 
colonies  among  the  reeds  and  cat-tails  their  deeply-hollowed,  grass-lined  nests. 
Among  the  earliest  arrivals,  they  rear  two  broods,  and  linger  until  October 
before  their  departure.  Some  one  has  well  described  the  vocal  effort  of  the 
"  swamp  blackbird,"  as  he  is  often  called,  by  the  syllables  eon-eu-ree.  All  that  is 
necessary  to  assemble  a  noisy  indignation  meeting  of  these  blackbirds  about  one's 
head  is  to  enter  their  marshy  retreat  where  their  nests  are  located.  The  young 
birds  assemble  in  flocks  with  their  parents  in  the  fall  for  migration  together. 

80.  MEADOWLARK.     Sternella  magna.    Linnaeus. 

Variegated  plumage  with  yellow  predominating,  and  a  black  spot  on  the 
breast.  Long  bill  and  short  tail.  This  rare  summer  resident,  occasionally 
nesting  in  the  swampy  fields  of  this  county,  is  the  "old  field  lark,"  quite 
common  farther  south  of  us  where  they  whir  up  suddenly  in  flocks  before  the 
gunners,  who  delight  to  practice  shooting  them  on  the  wing.  Because  of  this 
they  have  learned  to  be  very  shy. 

81.  BALTIMORE   ORIOLE.     Icterus  galbdla.     Linnrrus. 

Black  head  and  throat.  Orange  beneath  and  sides  of  tail.  The  social  and 
genial  "golden  robin,"  swinging  his  graceful,  pensile  nest  from  the  drooping 
branches  of  the  old  elms  even  in  ourcities  and  towns,  and  brightening  the 
summer  by  his  lively  color  as  well  as  by  his  bugle-like  co-weet—co-'weet^  is 
always  recognized  as  a  friend.  Their  well-known  nest  is  a  deep,  pendulous 
pocket,  woven  with  hair  so  as  to  be  stiffened  into  maintaining  its  form. 
They  seem  justly  proud  of  their  workmanship  as  nest-bailders,  and  often 
return  to  build  again  where,  the  year  before,  the  breezes  swung  their  little 
ones  to  and  fro  between  heaven  and  earth.  The  male  comes  in  advance  of 
the  female  in  the  spring,  and  the  period  of  song  is  not  a  long  one.  A  fortune 
awaits  the  man  who  can  interpret  the  story  penciled  in  black  hieroglyphics 
on  their  white  eggs,  which  hold  the  reputation  of  being  the  most  beautiful  of 
all  our  birds'  eggs. 

82.  RUSTY   BLACKBIRD.     Scolecopiiagus  carolinus.     Miiller. 

This  bird  passes  through  the  county  in  the  latter  part  of  April  for  their 
nesting  haunts  at  the  sources  of  the  Penobscot  and  Kennebec.  When  they 
return  in  the  autumn  they  present  a  brownish-black  appearance,  and  are  not 
in  full  plumage.  Somewhat  larger  than  the  cowbird,  and  not  equaling  in  size 
the  bronze  grackle,  these  "  thrush  blackbirds  "  are  not  much  known,  being  of 
too  retiring  and  shy  a  disposition.  They  frequent  low,  swampy  thickets  for 
insects,  worms,  small  cn(sf(u-a\  and  the  seeds  of  aquatic  plants,  and  utter  an 
alarm  note  which  sounds  as  if  they  said  cheek,  check!  They  collect  in  large 
flocks  for  the  retrograde  movement. 

83.  liRONZED   GRACKLE.     Quisoalus  quiscula  '^neus.     Bidgivay. 

Between  twelve  and  thirteen  and  one-half  inches  in  length,  this  miniature 
crow  is  an  occasional  summer  resident  here.     They  often  breed  in  communi- 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  89 

ties,  like  the  rooks  in  England,  in  hollow  trees  and  stumps,  and  sometimes  even 
on  the  edge  of  the  large  rambling  nest  of  the  fish  hawk.  Especially  grotesque 
and  ludicrous  are  the  actions  and  vocal  efforts  of  tlie  "  crow  blackbird,"  as  he 
is  popularly  called,  during  the  mating  season.  His  greasy,  liquid  note  has  a 
striking  resemblance  to  quis  quiUa.,  and  costs  nearly  as  much  effort  in  utterance 
as  does  that  of  the  cowbird.  He  is  a  notorious  robber  of  the  corn  fields,  and 
hence  a  coolness  has  arisen  between  him  and  the  farmers. 

Fifteenth   Family — Corvidae. 

84.  BLUE  JAY.     Cyanocitta  ckistata.     Linn(P.us. 

This  garrulous,  profligate,  rowdyish  cynic  in  blue  remains  with  us,  like  a 
bad  habit,  the  year  around,  but  is  rather  more  abundant  in  summer  than  in 
winter.  He  is  an  accomplished  house-breaker  and,  since  the  only  furniture 
the  birds  have  in  tlieir  houses  is  the  eggs  and  little  ones,  this  means  that  he  is, 
in  addition,  a  murderer.  The  food  of  the  blue  jay  is  probably  more  varied 
than  that  of  any  other  bird  we  have.  Their  coarse  nest  is  rambling  and 
conspicuous,  and  their  shrill,  high-pitched,  alarm  cry  of  jay^  jay^  is  familiar  to 
every  one.  Curious,  dishonest,  and  sneaking,  this  bird  absorbs  to  himself  so 
many  feathered  vices  that  it  leaves  all  the  other  birds  comparatively  virtuous. 

85.  AMERICAN   RAVEN.     CoRvus  corax  sinuatus.     Wagler. 

Much  larger  than  the  crow,  whom  he  displaces  in  geographical  distribution, 
this  "ominous  bird  of  the  sable  plume"  is  very  rarely  found  in  Androscoggin 
county.  They  select  the  most  inaccessible  places  on  the  highest  trees  and 
cliffs  for  their  nests  and,  already  celebrated  in  tradition  and  song,  are  very 
interesting  in  their  actual  habits.  About  two  feet  in  length.  It  has  been 
taken  in  the  winter  in  this  county. 

86.  AMERICAN  CROW.     CoRVUS  americanus.    Audubon. 

This  sagacious  and  versatile  black  knight  of  the  air  casts  a  shadow  too 
often,  as  he  passes  between  us  and  the  sun  in  his  laborious  flight,  to  need  any 
description.  Occasionally  he  is  seen  at  intervals  all  winter  in  this  county,  but 
more  often  he  goes  south  to  colonize  in  rookeries  or,  with  his  usual  contrariness 
to  the  ways  of  mankind,  he  puts  in  his  vacation  at  the  sea-shore  in  the  winter 
instead  of  the  summer,  picking  up  his  living  among  the  lower  forms  of  life 
that  are  found  there.  For  a  long  time  there  has  existed  a  family  feud  between 
the  crows  and  the  hawks,  and  they  improve  every  opportunity  with  each  other 
to  add  insult  to  injury.  The  crow  is  the  most  skeptical  of  our  birds,  unless  it 
may  be  the  blue  jay,  as  his  sarcastic  tones  and  distrustful  ways  signify,  and  if 
there  is  a  single  atheist  among  all  the  feathered  citizens  of  Androscoggin 
county,  it  is  he.  Sometimes  he  is  tamed,  when  he  becomes  notorious  for  his 
love  of  mischief  and  his  shrewd  ways,  but  he  evidently  prefers  to  live  the  life 
of  an  outlaw.  Authorities  differ  as  to  whether  the  crow,  everything  consid- 
ered, is  a  benefit  or  an  injury  to  us,  and  this  open  question  has  moi^e  than  once 


90  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


afforded  the  legislators  a  means  for  earning  their  daily  bread.  He  has  a 
peculiar  note,  not  often  heard,  by  which  he  expresses  his  feelings  daring  his 
courtship,  which  sounds  singularly  like  the  whinny  of  a  horse. 

Sixteenth  Family — Alaudidae. 

87.  HORNED   LARK.     OxocoRis  alpestkis    Linnreus. 

A  yellowish-white  throat  and  a  black  spot  on  the  chest.  Often  called  the 
"shore-lark"  or  "sky-lark."  They  rear  their  young  on  the  coast  and  in  Min- 
nesota, and  have  been  seen  within  this  county  during  the  winter.  They  have 
a  shrill  voice,  are  easily  alarmed,  and  are  one  of  the  soaring  birds. 

Second  Sub-Order— CLAMATORES.   Seventeenth  Family— Tyrannidae. 

There  are  twelve  species  of  this  family  in  New  England,  and  eight  of  these 
visit  Androscoggin  county.  They  are  all  eminently  insectivorous  and  migra- 
tory, and  their  large  heads  and  beaks,  flattened  at  the  base  and  surrounded  by 
hairs,  especitilly  adapt  them  for  their  office  as  fly-catchers. 

88.  KINGBIRD.     Tyrannus  tyrannus.     Linnmis. 

These  familiar  birds,  arriving  about  the  first  of  May,  are  distinguished 
especially  by  the  white  tips  on  their  tail-feathers,  which  they  spread  like  a  fan 
whenever  they  sink  or  rise  slowly  through  the  air  from  one  bush  to  another. 
Also  beneath  their  crest  of  crown  feathers  is  a  little  flame-colored  patch  that  is 
not  often  seen  except  by  sharp  eyes.  This  audacious  and  self-reliant  little 
fellow  is  quite  warlike,  especiall}'^  during  his  mating  and  nesting  season,  and 
does  not  hesitate  to  defend  his  trust  from  any  of  the  larger  birds  that  approach. 
He  is  often  seen  flying  above  a  crow  or  hawk  and  pouncing  down  upon  him  at 
intervals  with  spiteful  jabs,  while  the  persecuted  bird,  sullen  and  wrathy,  tries 
in  vain  to  outfly  him.  The  kingbird  places  his  nest  in  all  kinds  of  conspicuous 
situations  and  tlien  proceeds  to  stand  guard  over  it,  with  much  the  same  spirit 
as  the  small  boy  exercises  when  he  balances  a  chip  on  his  shoulder  and 
challenges  any  one  of  the  barefooted  world  to  walk  up  and  knock  it  off 
if  he  dares.  He  is  called  the  bee  martin  because  he  is  not  particular  as  to  his 
insect,  and  he  often  makes  havoc  with  a  hive  of  bees,  but  it  is  doubtless  true 
that  he  destroys  hundreds  of  noxious  insects  to  one  bee,  and  therefore  peace 
should  be  maintained  between  them  and  the  bee-keepers.  During  the  latter 
part  of  September  they  depart  for  their  winter  home  in  Central  America  and 
southern  Mexico. 

89.  CRESTED   FLYCATCHER.     Myiarchus  crinitus.     Unnceus. 

Olive  above,  with  gray  throat  running  back  beneath  into  yellow.  This 
wild,  solitary,  irritable  bird  is  rare  and  keeps  high  up  in  the  trees  during  his 
occasional  visits.  Excitable  and  pugnacious,  he  seems  to  have  difficulty  in 
getting  along  with  any  of  the  bird  kind  except  his  own  individual  family. 
He  is  liable  to  be  seen  from  May  to  September,  and  when  he  nests  it  is  usually 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  91 

in  a  hollow  tree  or  post-hole,  and  he  has  the  peculiar  weakness  of  adorning  his 
nest  with  an  old  snake  skin.  His  note  is  harsh  and  not  very  pleasant,  for  he 
"rolls  his  r's  "  very  badly.     Length,  nine  inches. 

90.  PHCEBE.     Satornis  Phcebe.    Latham. 

Olive  brown  above  and  blackish  on  the  head.  Soiled  white  and  pale  yellow 
beneath.  Bill  wholly  black.  The  "pewee"  comes  earlier  and  lingers  later  than 
any  other  fly-catcher,  not  departing  for  the  south  until  October.  They  build  in 
bridges  and  culverts  a  peculiar  nest,  largely  of  mud  and  usually  placed  on  the 
side  of  a  vertical  rock  over  the  water.  They  show  great  attachment  to  certain 
localities,  returning  year  after  year  to  rebuild,  even  in  the  face  of  great 
difficulties.  Perching  on  some  lookout  twig,  where  he  jerks  his  tail  and  moves 
his  scalp  feathers  nervously,  or  darting  into  the  air  in  the  fluttering,  zigzag 
pursuit  of  a  passing  insect,  this  most  peaceable  of  the  fly-catchers  is  familiar 
to  us  all.  During  the  earlier  part  of  the  season  he  is  almost  constant  in  the 
nervous  repetition  of  his  name — peiree,  jjetvee  —  as  if  continually  on  the  point 
of  forgetting  his  identit}^  and  trying  to  avoid  such  a  disaster ;  but  later  he 
becomes  more  reassured  and  utters  his  name  rarely.  They  seldom  alight  upon 
the  ground  except  when  they  are  after  building  material. 

91.  OLIVE-SIDED   FLYCATCHER.     Contopus  borealis.     Stvainson. 

Dark  olive  brown,  darkest  on  the  head  and  lightest  on  the  sides.  Bill  black 
above  only.  Dr  Coues  says  of  this  rarest  of  the  fly-catchers :  "  A  stocky,  able- 
bodied,  dark,  and  streaky  species,  quite  unlike  any  other."  The  note  resembles 
the  syWahles  pip,  pip,  j:>eu.     This  bird  has  been  seen  in  Androscoggin  county. 

92.  WOOD   PEWEE.     Contopus  virens.    Linnceus. 

This  miniature  pewee  in  form  and  porportion,  but  differing  in  having  only 
the  upper  half  of  the  bill  black  and  in  not  flirting  his  tail,  is  the  last  of  all  the 
birds  to  arrive.  He  builds  a  peculiar  nest  of  lichens  and  moss,  so  saddled  upon 
a  limb  as  to  resemble  a  knot,  and  he  is  rather  partial  to  forests,  although  if  the 
trees  are  numerous,  he  often  nests  in  cities  and  towns.  They  are  very  active 
and  by  no  means  so  pensive  and  melancholy  as  their  striking  note,  pe-to-ivee, 
pe-to-ivdy,  liee-reu,  repeated  very  slowly,  would  seem  to  imply. 

93.  YELLOW-BELLIED   FLYCATCHER.     Empidonax  flaviventris.     Bainl. 
This   rather  rare  bird  is  distinguishable  by  the  yellow  coloring  beneath. 

Their  nest,  usually  situated  under  the  roots  of  trees,  is  very  rare  and  has 
not  been  found  in  this  county,  so  far  as  I  am  informed.  Their  note  is  a 
prolonged  pea. 

94.  TRAILL'S   FLYCATCHER.     Empidonax  pusillus  traillii.     Audubon. 

This  fly-catcher  is  also  a  rather  rare  summer  resident,  nesting  in  the  upright 
fork  of  a  tree,  usually  about  swamps  where  the  insects  are  abundant.  When- 
ever he  utters  his  harsh,  complaining  note,  he  jerks  back  his  head  as  if  his 
vocal  efforts  were  painfully  difficult. 


92  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


95.   LEAST   FLYCATCHER.     Empidonax  minimus.    Baird. 

Abundant  and  familiar,  preferring  the  neighborhood  of  humanity,  this  well- 
known  little  bird  is  distinguishable  from  the  Traill's  only  by  his  grayish  rather 
than  his  brownish  hue,  and  his  smaller  size.  With  the  robin  and  the  chipping 
sparrow,  he  is  the  most  abundant  of  all  our  birds.  He  places  his  compact  nest 
in  the  upright  forks  of  trees,  and  his  tireless  chehee,  chehee,  uttered  with  a  back- 
ward snap  of  his  head  and  a  flirt  of  his  tail,  is  among  the  commonest  of  mid- 
summer sounds. 

The  following  is  a  catalogue  of  the  other  birds  occurring  in  Androscoggin 
county,  excluding  the  shore  and  water  birds:  — 

Second  Order— MACROCHIRES.— Long-winged  Birds. 

Eighteenth  Family  — Tkochilid.t:.  —  Hummingbirds. 

96.  Rubj-throated  Hummingbird.     Trochilus  colubris.    Linnceus. 

Nineteenth  Family — Micropodidj*:.  —  Swifts. 

97.  Ciiimney  Swift.     Chretura  pelagica.    Linnaus. 

Twentieth  Family  —  Caprimulgid^.—  Goatsuckers. 

98.  Whip-poor-will.     Antrostomus  vociferus.     Wilson. 

99.  Nightbawk.     Cbordeiles  virginianus.     Gmelin. 

Third  Order  — PICI  — Woodpeckers. 
Twenty-First  Family  —  Picid.e.  —  Woodpeckers. 
100.    Hairy  Woodpecker.     Dryobates  villosus.     Linnceus. 
lOL   Downy  Woodpecker.     Dryobates  piibescens.     Linnceus. 

102.  Arctic  Three-toed  Woodpecker.     Picoides  arcticus.     Swa'mson. 

103.  Yellow-bellied  Sapsucker.     Sphyrapicus  varius.     Linnceus. 

104.  Pileated  Woodpecker.     Ceophloeus  pileatus.     Linnams. 

105.  Flicker  or  Yellow-hammer.     Colaptes  auratus.     Linnceus. 

Fourtli  Order— COCCYGES.— Kingfishers  and  Cuckoos. 
Twenty-Second  Family  —  Alcedinid^.  —  Kingfishers. 

106.  Belted  Kingfisher.    Ceryle  alcyon.    Linnceus. 

Twenty-Third  Family — Cuculid^.  —  Cuckoos. 

107.  Yellow-billed  cuckoo.     Coccyzus  americauus.     Linnceus. 

108.  Black-billed  cuckoo.     Coccyzus  erythrophthalraus.     Wilson. 

Fifth  Order  — RAPTORES.— Birds  of  Prey. 

Twenty-Fourth  Family  —  Bubonid.e.  —  Owls. 

109.  American  Long-eared  Owl.     Asio  wilsonianus.     Lesson. 

110.  Short-eared  Owl.     Asio  accipitrinus.     Fallds. 
HI.   Barred  Owl.     Syrnium  nebulosum.    Forster. 

112.  Great  Gray  Owl.    Ulula  cinerea.     Gmelin. 

113.  Richardson's  Owl.     Nyctala  tengmalmi  richardsoni.     Bonaparte. 

114.  Saw-whet  Owl.    Nyctala  acadica.     Gmelin. 

115.  Screech  Owl.     Bubo  virginianus.     Gmelin. 

116.  Great  Horned  Owl.     Megascops  asio.    Linnaus. 

117.  Snowy  Owl.     Nyctea  nyctea.    Linnceus. 

118.  Hawk  Owl.     Surnia  ulula.     Linnceus. 

Twenty-Fifth  Family  — Falconid^..  — Hawks  and  Eagles. 

119.  Marsh  Hawk.     Circus  hudsonius.    Linnceus. 

120.  Sharp-shinned  Hawk.    Accipiter  velox.     Wilson. 


The  Birds  of  Androscoggin  County.  93 

12J.  Cooper's. Hawk.     Accipiter  cooperi.     Bonaparte. 

122.  Aiuericau  Goshawk.     Accipiter  atricapillus.     Wilson. 

123.  Red-tailed  Hawlt.     liuteo  boreaiis.     Gmelin. 

124.  Red-shouldered  Hawk.     Buteo  linneatus.     Gmelin. 

125.  Broad-wiuged  Hawk.     Buteo  latissimus.     Wilson. 

126.  Rough-legged  Hawk.     Archibuteo  lagopus.    Brilnnich. 

127.  Bald  Eagle.     Halia?etus  leucocephalus.     Linnreus. 

128.  Duck  Hawk.     Falco  peregriiius  anatum.     Bonaparte. 

129.  Pigeon  Hawk.     Falco  colunibarius.     Linnreus. 

130.  American  Sparrow  Hawk.     Falco  sparverius.     Linnccus. 

131.  American  Osprey  or  Fish-hawk.    Pandion  haliai'tus  carolinensis.    Gmelin. 

Sixth  Order -COLUMBiE. 
Twenty-Seventh  Family  —  Columbid.e.  —  Pigeons. 

132.  Passenger  Pigeon.     Ectopistes  migratorius.     Linnreus. 

Seventh  Order  — GALLING. 
Twenty-Eighth  Family  —  Tetraonid.e.  —  Grouse. 

133.  Rufied  Grouse.     Bonasa  umbellus.    Linnreus. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  birds  (excluding  shore  and  water  birds)  which 
have  been  observed  in  the  state  of  Maine  but  have  not  yet  been  reported  as 
occurring  in  Androscoggin  county  :  — 

First  Family  —  Turdid^. 

1.  Bicknell's  Thrush.     Turdus  alicia'  bicknelli.    Bidgway. 

Second  Family  —  Silviid^. 

2.  Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher.     Polioptila  CiBrulea.     LAnnccus. 

Seventh  Family—  Mniotiltid^. 

3.  Connecticut  Warbler.     Geothlypis  agilis.     Wilson. 

4.  Mourning  Warbler.     Geothlypis  Philadelphia.     Wilson. 

Eighth  Family  —  Vireonid.e. 

5.  Philadelphia  Vireo.     Vireo  philadelphicus.     Cassin. 

Thirteenth  Family  — Fringillid^. 
G.    Lapland  Longspur.     Calcarius  lapponicus.     Linnoius. 

7.  Ipswich  Sparrow.     Ammodramus  princeps.    3Iaynarcl. 

8.  Sharp-tailed  Sparrow.     Ammodramus  caudacutus.     Gmelin. 

Fifteenth  Family  — Corvid^. 

9.  Canada  Jay.     Perisoreus  canadensis.    Linnaus. 

Twenty-First  Family— Picid^. 

10.  American  Three-toed  Woodpecker.     Picoides  araericanus.    Brehm. 

11.  Red-headed  Woodpecker.     Melanerpes  erythrocephalus.    Linnceus. 

Twenty-Fifth  Family^ — Falconid^. 

12.  Golden  Eagle.     Aquila  chrysaetos.     Linnceus. 

13.  Gray  Gyrfalcon.     Falco  rusticolus.     Linnceus. 

14.  Black  Gyrfalcon.     Falco  rusticolus  obsoletus.     Gmelin. 

Twenty-Sixth  Family  —  CATHARTiDiE. 

15.  Turkey  Vulture.     Cathartes  aura.     Linnccus. 

Twenty-Seventh  Family  —  Columbid.e. 

16.  Mourning  Dove.     Zenaidura  macroura.     Linnreus. 

Twenty-Eighth  Family  — Tetraonid.e. 

17.  Bob-White.     Colinus  virgiuianus.    Linnceus. 

18.  Canada  Grouse.     Dendragapus  canadensis.     Liunceus. 


94  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

MAIL   ROUTES,    RAILROADS,    AND   POST-OFFICES. 
Early  Mail  Routes  — Staging  — Railroads— Post-Offices  and  Postmasters. 

EARLY  MAIL  ROUTES.  — In  1793  a  new  highway  was  opened  from 
Augusta  to  Portland  by  way  of  Monmouth,  Greene,  etc.  By  the  old 
route  via  Bath  it  took  two  days  to  reach  Portland  from  Hallowell,  but 
by  this  new  road  Portland  could  be  reached  in  the  forenoon  of  the  second  day, 
if  Monmouth  was  reached  for  breakfast  on  the  first  day.  This  new  route  was 
adopted  as  the  United  States  mail  route  when  the  mail  service  was  established 
in  1794.  The  mails  were  carried  weekly  by  "  post-riders  "  on  horseback ;  the 
mail  was  in  a  pouch  fastened  behind  the  saddle.  The  rider  had  another  bag 
for  local  mail  matter  for  the  conveyance  of  which  he  received  extra  pay.  He 
gave  warning  of  his  approach  by  blowing  a  long  tin  horn,  so  he  should  not  be 
delayed.  This  route  was  from  Portland  to  Gray,  New  Gloucester,  Greene, 
Monmouth,  Winthrop,  Hallowell,  Pittston,  Pownalborough,  to  Wiscasset.  The 
first  post-rider  between  Portland  and  Winthrop  was  William  Blossom.  Another 
route  led  from  Portland  to  Gorham,  Baldwin,  Fryeburg,  Bridgton,  Waterford, 
Norway,  Paris,  Hebron,  Poland,  New  Gloucester,  and  Gray,  to  Portland.  The 
post-riders  were  Joseph  Howe,  Seba  Smith,  William  Sawin,  and  Joshua  Pool. 
A  weekly  post  route  was  established  in  1806  from  Portland  through  New 
Gloucester,  Danville,  Minot,  Turner,  Livermore,  Hartford,  Buckfield,  Paris, 
and  other  towns  to  Portland.  Josiah  Smith  was  the  first  post-rider.  In  the 
first  of  the  century  John  Walker  went  through  the  Androscoggin  towns  from 
Livermore  to  Danville  every  week,  doing  the  work  of  a  modern  expressman 
and  private  letter-carrier  between  those  towns  and  Portland.  In  1826  a  post 
route  was  established  from  Brunswick  through  the  upper  Androscoggin  towns, 
but  from  1824  Joseph  Griffin  had  sustained  a  weekly  mail  route  from  Brunswick 
to  Jay,  primarily  established  for  the  distribution  of  the  Maine  Baptist  Herald 
he  published  at  Brunswick.  The  first  mail  service  to  Lewiston  was  probably 
given  by  Samuel  Nash,  who  rode  a  gig  from  Portland  to  Augusta,  on  tri-weekly 
trips.     He  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Longle}^  who  came  to  Greene  in  1810. 

In  1830,  or  earlier,  tri-weekly  stage  lines  were  established  on  the  principal 
mail  routes,  and  the  mails  were  then  carried  by  them.  "Tom"  Longley  put 
on  the  first  coach  on  the  Portland  and  Augusta  route  at  that  time.  He  was 
driver  and  proprietor  for  many  years,  g,nd  wa,s  the  heau  ideal  of  a  dashing 


Mail  Routes,  Railroads,  and  Post-Offices.  95 


driver,  courteous  and  obliging,  tall  and  commanding  in  appearance.  He  had 
a  wonderful  memory,  and  it  is  said  that  in  the  many  errands  entrusted  to  him 
he  never  made  a  memorandum  and  never  forgot  the  smallest  detail.  He  was 
a  marvelous  story-teller  and  the  aroma  of  his  narrations  yet  lingers  in  the 
atmosphere  of  the  places  along  his  route.  In  later  life  he  left  the  box  and 
became  an  hotel  keeper  in  Portland. 

Starting  from  Augusta  in  the  morning  the  stage  reached  Lewiston  at  noon 
and  Portland  at  night.  Two  dollars  was  the  usual  fare,  but  sometimes  a  route 
by  Brunswick  lowered  rates  by  competition.  Four  relays  of  horses  were  used 
in  the  palmiest  days  of  the  stage-coach,  and  changes  were  made  at  Winthrop, 
Greene,  and  Gray.  At  Littlefield's  tavern,  in  Danville,  the  stage  from  Farm- 
ington  was  met,  and  two  coaches  were  generally  required  from  there  to 
Portland.  Longley  sold  the  route  to  Edward  Little,  Esq.,  and  he  sold  it  to 
Charles  Clark,  who  is  presumably  the  last  survivor  of  the  early  "  whips." 
Among  the  successors  of  Longley  as  drivers  were  his  son  Benjamin,  Lewis 
Howe  of  Leeds,  Albion  C.  Howard,  and  Benjamin  Beede. 

With  the  building  of  railroads  staging  lost  its  splendors,  and  the  small 
lines  connecting  with  the  cars  to-day  have  not  the  prestige,  coaches,  or 
romance  of  the  early  time.  The  veteran  driver  of  the  old  time  who  tarried 
longest  was  Phineas  Clough,  for  many  years  seated  on  the  box  of  the  Turner 
and  Livermore  stage. 

Railroads. —  The  Grand  Trunk  Railway  in  Maine  is  the  successor  of  the 
Atlantic  and  St  Lawrence  Railroad  Company,  incorporated  by  the  State  Legis- 
lature February  10,  1845.  This  road  was  completed  to  Mechanic  Falls,  thirty- 
seven  miles,  in  the  autumn  of  1848.  The  Grand  Trunk  leased  this  road,  in 
1853,  at  a  rental  of  six  per  cent,  on  the  cost  of  construction  of  the  oiie  hundred 
and  forty-nine  miles  from  Portland  to  Island  Pond  —  $6,003,900.  This  road 
has  done  much  to  develop  the  resources  of  the  country  along  its  line,  and  has 
created  several  prosperous  villages.  In  Maine  it  operates  under  a  lease,  the 
branch  from  Lewiston  to  Lewiston  Junction  —  5.41  miles  —  and  at  Mechanic 
Falls  it  receives  the  road  of  the  Rumford  Falls  and  Buckfield  Railroad 
Company,  extending  to  the  Androscoggin  river  in  Canton. 

Maine  Central  Railroad.  —  Under  this  name  is  operated  several  railroads 
built  under  early  charters  by  different  companies.  The  Androscoggin  and 
Kennebec  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  March  28,  1847,  and  by  January 
1,  1850,  it  had  built  a  road  from  Waterville  to  Danville,  Mdiere  it  connected 
with  the  Atlantic  and  St  Lawrence  Railroad.  The  Penobscot  and  Kennebec 
Railroad  Company  was  chartered  April  5,  1845,  and  constructed  a  road  from 
Bangor  to  Waterville,  making  there  a  connection  with  the  Androscoggin  and 
Kennebec.  A  law  was  enacted,  in  1856,  authorizing  these  two  companies  to 
consolidate  under  a  new  name.  One  section  of  the  law  was  not  acceptable 
to  the  companies,  and  they  did  not  form  the  new  corporation  until  after  this 


96  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


section  was  repealed.  September  9,  1862,  the  union  was  effected,  and  October 
28,  1862,  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  Company  was  organized.  The  Kennebec 
and  Portland  Railroad  Company,  chartered  in  1836,  built  a  road  from  Augusta 
to  Yarmouth,  connecting  there  with  the  Atlantic  and  St  Lawrence  Railroad, 
and  a  branch  from  Brunswick  to  Bath.  Later  it  extended  its  road  from 
Yarmouth  to  Portland.  In  1852  this  corporation  mortgaged  its  road  to  secure 
an  issue  of  |!250,000  in  bonds.  This  mortgage  was  foreclosed  and  title  obtained 
of  the  road  by  the  mortgagees,  and  a  new  corporation,  the  Portland  and 
Kennebec  Railroad  Company,  organized  May  20,  1862.  January  1,  1864, 
this  road  leased  the  Somerset  and  Kennebec  Railroad  (organized  August  10, 
1848),  reaching  from  Skowhegan  to  Augusta.  May  20, 1870,  the  Portland  and 
Kennebec  Company  leased  its  road  and  assigned  its  lease  of  the  Somerset  and 
Kennebec  id  the  Maine  Central  for  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  years. 

The  Androscoggin  Railroad  was  constructed  from  Farmington  to  Leeds 
Junction.  Under  the  state  law  the  company  issued  its  bonds,  securing  them 
by  a  mortgage  on  the  road.  Later  the  company  was  authorized  to  extend  its 
railroad  to  Brunswick,  and  it  was  provided  that  this  new  portion  should  not 
be  subject  to  the  mortgage.  The  mortgaged  portion  of  the  road  became  the 
property  of  the  mortgagees  by  foreclosure.  May  11,  1865.  They  formed  a  new 
corporation,  the  Leeds  and  Farmington  Railroad  Company.  The  Androscoggin 
Railroad  then  extended  from  Leeds  to  Brunswick,  covering  the  branch  from 
Crowley's  Junction  to  Lewiston.  June  1,  1867,  the  Leeds  and  Farmington 
Railroad  Company  leased  its  road  to  the  Androscoggin  Railroad  Company, 
which,  June  29,  1871,  gave  a  lease  of  its  road  for  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine 
years  to  the  Maine  Central,  and  assigned  to  it  its  lease  of  the  Leeds  and 
Farminsrton  road.  This  lease  was  later  confirmed  and  extended  to  nine 
hundred  and  ninety-nine  years  by  the  company  owning  the  road. 

Thus,  in  1872,  the  Maine  Central  Company  had  long  leases  of  the  Portland 
and  Kennebec  Railroad,  the  Somerset  and  Kennebec  Railroad,  the  Andros- 
coggin Railroad,  and  the  Leeds  and  Farmington  Railroad.  By  an  act  of 
February  7,  1872,  these  corporations  were  authorized  to  unite  with  the  Maine 
Central  in  a  mortgage  to  secure  bonds  issued  by  that  company.  The  Maine 
Central  now  operates  and  controls  in  Maine,  besides  the  above,  the  Newport 
and  Dexter  Railroad,  the  Belfast  and  Moosehead  Lake  Railroad,  the  Eastern 
Maine,  the  European  and  North  American,  the  Portland  and  Ogdensburg, 
the  Knox  and  Lincoln,  and  the  road  from  Bangor  to  Bar  Harbor.  The  distance 
along  some  of  these  lines  are :  Portland  to  Vanceboro,  250.8  miles ;  Cumber- 
land Junction  to  Waterville,  72.5  miles;  Bath  to  Farmington,  71.2  miles; 
Crowley's  to  Lewiston,  4.7  miles;  Waterville  to  Skowhegan,  18.2  miles;  Belfast 
and  Moosehead  Lake  Railroad,  33.1  miles;  Dexter  and  Newport  Railroad, 
14  miles;  Eastern  Maine  Railroad,  18.8  miles;  Bangor  and  Bar  Harbor 
Railroad,  42.6  miles. 


Mail  Routpis,  Railroads,  and  Post-Offices.  97 


These  roads  have  done  a  great  work  in  opening  the  country,  in  developing 
manufacturing,  and  although  the  early  stockholders  were  in  most  cases  losers, 
and  many  difficulties  attended  tlie  construction,  to-day  no  section  of  the 
country  has  better  shipping  facilities  or  patronizes  the  railroads  more.  We 
fittingly  close  with  an  extract  from  the  diary  of  one  who  noted  some  of  the 
occurrences  in  railroading  in  its  beginnings  in  this  county. 

The  Androscoggin  branch  of  the  Maine  Central  was  opened  to  travel  from  Leeds 
Junction  to  Liverniore  Falls,  in  November,  1852.  The  rolling  stock  consisted  of  one  small 
engine,  one  baggage,  and  two  passenger  cars,  also  a  few  box  and  flat  cars.  There  were 
no  snow  fences,  and  many  hard  times  were  experienced  in  getting  through  the  snow. 
December  29,  1853,  fifteen  inches  of  snow  fell,  drifting  so  that  no  trains  were  run,  and 
no  trains  were  run  December  30,  but  one  managed  to  get  through  to  Livermore  Falls  late 
in  the  afternoon  of  December  31st.  Again,  February  23,  1854,  it  commenced  snowing  at 
4  A.M.,  and  continued  all  day.  The  train  started  from  Leeds  Junction  at  10  a.m.,  and  ran 
about  three  miles  and  got  stuck  in  a  drift,  and  as  the  engine  was  getting  short  of  wood  and 
water,  the  engineer  left  the  cars  and  proceeded  about  two  miles  to  Pettengill's  crossing, 
where  he  filled  the  tender  with  water,  carrying  it  in  pails  from  the  brook  about  ten  rods. 
It  was  very  cold  and  the  men  were  covered  with  ice.  As  it  was  near  night,  the  engineer 
concluded  to  stop  there  all  night.  The  passengers,  two  ladies  and  three  men,  were  obliged 
to  stay  in  the  cars  two  days  and  one  night.  Friday  morning,  the  24th,  commenced 
shovelling  out  the  track,  and  2  p.m.  got  the  engine  down  to  the  cars,  and  carried  the 
ladies  to  Abram  Wheeler's,  then  started  toward  Leeds  Junction  and  arrived  there  at 
12  p.m.  Saturday,  February  25th,  they  left  Leeds  Junction  at  noon  and  went  as  far  as 
North  Leeds  and  stopped  all  night.  February  26th  they  left  North  Leeds  at  7  a.m., 
arrived  at  Livermore  Falls  at  noon,  and  did  not  start  again  until  Wednesday,  March  1st. 
March  18th  the  train  left  Leeds  Junction  at  11  a.m.,  went  about  one  mile,  got  stuck  and 
returned.  March  19. —Snowed  all  day.  No  trains  over  the  road  to-day.  March  20. — 
Train  left  the  Junction  at  noon  and  arrived  at  Livermore  Falls  at  5  p.m.  March  24. — Two 
feet  of  snow  fell.  No  trains  over  the  road  to-day.  March  25. — Snow  deep  on  the  track. 
No  trains  to-day.  March  26.— Very  blustering.  No  trains  to-day.  March  27. — Very 
blustering.  No  train  to-day.  March  28-29-30-31. — No  trains.  April  1.— Train  went  down 
at  2  P.M.  Sunday,  April  2. — Trains  made  regular  trips.  December  9. — ^  Very  blustering 
last  night;  train  left  Livermore  Falls  on  time  this  morning  with  two  engines,  and  when 
near  Leeds  Centre  ran  off  the  track  and  completely  wrecked  both  engines  and  baggage 
car.    Nobody  was  injured.     The  veteran  Josiah  Littlefleld  was  one  of  the  engineers. 

January  19,  1855.  —Snowed  hard  all  day.  No  trains  run  20th.  Snow-plough  with  one 
engine  left  the  junction  at  12  m.,  got  to  Livermore  Falls  at  10  p.m.,  and  returned  to  Leeds 
Junction  same  night.  February  19,  1856. —Very  blustering  all  day.  No  trains  on  the 
Androscoggin  Railroad  to-day.  January  9,  1857.  —  Train  run  off  the  track;  nobody  injured; 
19th,  snowed  fast  all  day;  no  trains;  10th,  train  left  Leeds  Junction  at  6.30  p.m.  January 
22.  —  Snowed  all  day;  23d,  fair  and  colder;  no  trains  run  to-day;  24th,  train  got  to  Leeds 
at  9.30  P.M.  During  the  winter  of  1858  there  was  but  little  snow  and  trains  were  run 
regularly  all  winter.  Commenced  running  to  East  Wilton  December  2Ist.  January  1, 
1859. — Commenced  snowing  at  10  a.m.,  and  continued  all  day.  No  trains  up  to-day. 
January  5. — Train  with  two  engines  left  Leeds  Junction  for  East  Wilton  at  2  p.m.,  and 
went  as  far  as  Leeds  Center,  and  thinking  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  get  through, 
returned  to  Leeds  Junction.  Soon  after  they  returned,  Charles  Garcelon,  with  an  engine 
called  the  "old  widow,"  and  snow-plow  came  down.    If  the  up  train  had  not  returned, 


98  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


undoubtedly  there  would  have  been  a  serious  accident,  as  there  was  no  telegraphic  line, 
and  the  up  train  did  not  know  that  "  the  widow"  was  coming.  After  "  the  widow  "  had 
arrived  at  Leeds  Junction,  the  two  engines  with  passenger  train  left  Leeds  at  10  p.m. 
February  3.— John  Kauflfer,  engineer,  burnt  his  mouth  and  throat  so  badly  in  blowing  into 
a  pet-cock  which  was  frozen  on  his  engine,  that  he  died  in  a  few  hours.  February  4.— 
Train  went  down  at  8  p.m.,  and  did  not  go  up  till  1  a.m.,  February  5th.  February  10, 
I8G0.  — Stormy  and  blustering  all  day.  Train  arrived  at  Curtis  Corner  at  2  p.m.,  out  of 
water  and  wood,  and  was  obliged  to  haul  water  about  twenty  rods  in  a  hogshead  with  a 
yoke  of  oxen.  Six  passengers  put  up  at  S.  Brewster's  for  the  night.  The  engineer,  Mr. 
Parker,  stayed  in  his  engine  all  night.  The  other  train  men  stopped  at  S.  Brewster's. 
February  11.— Got  the  engine  fired  up  and  started  for  Leeds  Junction  at  1.30  p.m.,  and 
returned  to  Farmington  that  night.  January  16,  1861.  — Snowed  fast  all  day.  No  trains 
to-day.  January  17.  —No  trains  run.  January  18.  —Train  got  down  at  7  p.m.  February 
2.  — Snow  fell  four  inches  last  night,  rained,  and  made  a  crust,  and  no  trains  were  run 
to-day.  Februarys.  —  Was  called  the  cold  Friday;  thirty  degrees  below  at  sunrise  and 
very  windy.  No  trains  run  to-day.  February  9. — No  trains  run  to-day.  February  21. — 
Cold  and  blustering.  The  morning  train  from  Farmington  got  down  to  Leeds  Junction  at 
5  p.m.,  and  returned  that  night.  February  22. — Very  blustering.  No  trains  run  to-day. 
February  23.  —  No  trains  run.  January  2,  1862.  —  Cold  and  very  blustering.  Train  went 
down  but  did  not  return  till  10.30  p.m.,  January  3d.  January  22.  —  Snowed  all  day. 
Train  went  down  but  did  not  return  till  Sunday  morning,  January  26th.  January  27.  — 
Train  went  down  at  1.30  p.m.,  and  did  not  return  till  1  a.m.,  January  30th. 

Post-Offices  and  Postmasters.  —  The  first  post-office  established  in  the 
limits  of  this  county  was  Greene,  April  1,  1796;  the  next  was  Lewiston,  July 
15,  1799,  We  are  indebted  to  researches  made  in  the  Post-Office  Department 
at  Washington,  by  Asa  P.  Knight  for  the  Lewiston  Journal,  in  1882,  for  the 
following  valuable  compilation  of  postmasters  and  date  of  appointment  on 
taking  office.     A  few  of  the  dates  are  approximative  only. 

Auburn  (established  as  Goff's  Corner,  changed  to  Lewiston  Falls,  July  18, 
1854,  to  Auburn,  December  27,  1854).  — James  Goff,  March  28,  1825;  Edward 
Little,  September  16,  1826;  James  Goff,  Jr,  February  24,  1835;  Joseph  D. 
Davis,  June  6,  1849;  Daniel  G.  Hall,  March  30,  1853;  Freeman  Newell, 
November  28,  1853;  Rufus  Penley,  May  29,  1858;  Silvester  Oakes,  March 
19,  1861;  Willard  Small,  August  24,  1866;  Jonathan  A.  Hill,  March  11, 
1867;  Henry  Little,  July  18,  1868;  Delance  Young,  April  28,  1885,  John  C. 
Blake,  February  14,  1890.  West  Auhurn  (established  as  Nason's  Mills, 
changed  to  Auburn,  March  5,  1842,  to  West  Auburn,  December  27,  1854). — 
Palfrey  Lane,  March  20,  1833;  Enoch  Littlefield,  July  3,  1834;  Nathaniel 
Small,  February  9,  1839;  Enoch  Littlefield,  October  20,  1840;  Samuel  H. 
Pickard,  November  9,  1842;  Enoch  Littlefield,  December  22,  1842;  George 
Ricker,  Jr,  February  1,  1850;  Apollos  C.  Howard,  March  7,  1860;  George 
Ricker,  August  5,  1861;  Henry  M.  Packard,  December  15,  1862;  John  M. 
Perry,  December  11,  1871;  E.  S.  Crafts,  October  2,  1884.  Hast  Auburn.— 
John  C.  Briggs,  July  2,  1844;  discontinued  July  2,  1845;  re-established  with 
same  postmaster,  December  24,  1849;  Stillman  T.  Allen,  April  10,  1863;  C. 


Mail  Routes,  Railroads,  and  Post-Offices.  99 

White,  December  3,  1863;  John  C.  Briggs,  August  13,  1866;  Charles 
Withington,  October  30, 1866;  William  K.  Vickery,  December  13, 1866;  Alvin 
Waterman,  July  7,  1871;  David  A.  Whitman,  March  8,  1882;  Charles  F. 
Curtis,  July  1,  1889.  North  Auharn  (established  as  Center  Minot,  changed 
to  present  name  June  7,  1845).  —  Oliver  Pollard,  December  19,  1825;  Stephen 
Packard,  February  13,  1835;  Oliver  Pollard,  June  18, 1841;  Stephen  Packard, 
June  7,  1845;  Joseph  Keitli,  July  14,  1849;  Isaac  Osgood,  May  19,  1853; 
Levi  Perry,  October  3,  1857;  Isaac  Osgood,  January  6,  1862.  Auburn 
Plains.  —  F.  A.  Allen,  commissioned  postmaster  June  5,  1889;  office  opened 
July  1st.  South  Auhurn  (established  as  West  Danville,  changed  to  present 
name,  March  10,  1868).  —  Joseph  S.  Foster,  March  11,  1850;  discontinued 
November  13,  1850;  re-established  with  same  postmaster,  December  16,  1850; 
Samuel  Hicks,  June  30, 1852;  Brackett  Marston,  December  29,  1853;  William 
Freeman,  October  6,  1859;  Joseph  W.  Foster,  August  16,  1864;  Israel  T. 
Merrill,  March  14,  1866;  Quade  L.  Allen,  January  25,  1875;  John  R.  Pulsifer, 
February  11,  1875;  Loring  Lovejoy,  October  13,  1882;  J.  G.  Dexter, 
November,  1883.  South  DanviUe.  —  Emerson  Bowie,  March  27,  1886;  Mrs.  A. 
M.  Bowie,  December  30,  1886.  Danville.  —  Moses  Rowe,  February  13,  1822; 
Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  May  15,  1826;  Jeremiah  Stinchfield,  November  13, 
1850;  Oliver  Waterman,  May  17,  1860;  Nathaniel  G.  Sturgis,  November 
14,  1861;  Oliver  D.  Stinchfield,  October  7,  1864;  Harriet  W.  Ingersoll, 
December  10,  1866;  S.  S.  Waterhouse,  December  7,  1885;  P.  M.  Austin, 
August  20,  1888;  C.  A.  Leonard,  April  12,  1890;  Charles  Thurston, 
December,  1890. 

Durham  (established  as  South  West  Bend,  changed  to  Durham,  September 
3,  1849).  —  Joseph  Merrill,  December  17,  1835;  Rufus  Jordan,  December  5, 
1837;  JamesStrout,Jr,  April  2, 1840;  William  L.  Harmon,  June  3, 1841 ;  Rufus 
Jordan,  June  7,  1845;  James  Strout,  Jr,  March  31,  1846;  Emery  S.  Warren, 
June  27,  1849;  James  Strout,  Jr,  March  30,  1853;  E.  S.  Warren,  August  10, 
1858;  Henry  Fitz,  September  6,  1861;  James  H.  Eveleth,  March  21,  1862; 
George  E.  Warren,  September  24,1885;  Marcus  W.  Eveleth,  June  26,1890. 
West  Durham  (established  as  Durham,  changed  to  West  Durham,  September 
3,  1849).  —  Thomas  Freeman,  December  16,  1818;  Alvan  Robinson,  November 
26,  1819;  Job  Sylvester,  3d,  March  15,  1822;  Aaron  Turner,  January  24, 
1831 ;  Benjamin  M.  Moses,  April  7, 1835 ;  Ward  Bonney,  July  24,  1835 ;  Alvena 
Moses,  December  21, 1838;  Joshua  Lambert,  August  24, 1839;  William  G.  Hoyt, 
June  3, 1841;  Job  P.  Sylvester,  January  7,  1847;  William  G.  Hoyt,  September 
6,1849;  Elisha  Strout,  March  30,1853;  Job  P.  Sylvester,  March  31,  1854; 
Simon  W.  Miller,  December  4,  1861;  Charles  W.  Harding,  February  4,  1865; 
Charles  G.  Burgess,  March  30, 1868 ;  Nathan  Bangs,  June  24, 1870 ;  Christopher 
Moses,  October  22, 1878;  Nathan  Bangs,  December  17, 1878;  Charles  D.  Dow, 
October  3,  1881;   Samuel  W.  Wilson,  November  7,  1881;    F.  M.  Soper,  June 


100  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


1,  1884;  R.  A.  Rich,  October  25,  1887.  Garcelon's  Ferry.  — O.  S.  Libby, 
November,  1885;  soon  discontinued.  South  Durham.  —  Thomas  Tuttle, 
February  19,  1830;  Thomas  Estes,  September  5,  1835;  Francis  A.  B.  Hussey, 
June  3,  1841;  John  Collins,  January  17,1843;  Thomas  Estes,  June  7,1845; 
Amos  F.  Lunt,  May  29,  1849;  Alfred  Gatchell,  March  30,  1853;  Jeremiah  G. 
Duran,  April  26,1855;  George  Tuttle,  August  12,  1801;  Thomas  C.  Pinkham, 
January  26,  1866;  Charles  C.  Smith,  October  17,  1873;  Amos  F.  Lunt, 
October  14,  1885. 

G-reene  (established  as  Greene,  changed  to  Greene  Depot,  December  10, 
1849,  and  to  Greene,  May  3, 1851).  — Benjamin  Merrill,  April  1,  1796;  Luther 
Bobbins,  March  13,  1804;  Alfred  Pierce,  September  17,  1840;  Nathaniel 
Robbins,  August  2,  1841;  Alfred  Pierce,  August  16,  1843;  George  H.  Dear- 
born, September  29,  1849;  William  C.  Dow,  May  3,  1851;  Nathaniel  Harris, 
April  23,  1853;  Erastus  H.  Morse,  November  27,  1860;  Everett  L.  Mower,  Jan- 
uary 14,  1863;  H.  W.  Gamage,  July  15,  1886;  Everett  L.  Mower,  November 
16,  1889.  Greene  Corner  (established  as  Greene,  changed  to  present  name. 
May  3,  1851).  — Elijah  Barrell,  December  10,  1849;  Alfred  Pierce,  April  10, 
1853;  Albion  Pierce,  May  8,  1860;  Franciana  Pratt,  July  13,  1863.  North 
Greene  (established  June  18,  1883).  —  Z.  A.  Gilbert,  present  incumbent 
commissioned  first  postmaster. 

Leeds.  —  Solomon  Lothrop,  August  27,  1822;  Giddings  Lane,  Jr,  June  17, 
1829;  Joseph  Scammon,  April  19,1830;  Stillman  Howard,  May  10,  1834;  J. 
W.  L.  Mitchell,  August  18,  1837;  Thomas  W.  Bridghara,  April  18,  1840; 
Franklin  B.  Leonard,  July  10,  1841;  Issacher  Lane,  July  19,  1845;  Isaac 
T.  Boothby,  April  9,  1849;  Solomon  T.  Lothrop,  June  6,  1853;  Green  G. 
More,  October  7,  1864;  Charles  H.  Lane,  January,  28,  1868;  Albert  Knight, 
January  30,  1880;  Willard  Lothrop,  May  10,  1880;  W.  L.  Francis,  March 
22,  1886.  EfM  Leeds.  —  Stephen  Day,  August  5,  1840;  discontinued,  October 
8,  1842.  North  Leeds.  ~V^?i\iQ\:  Foss,  January  28, 1826;  Reuel  Foss,  March  5, 
1842;  Thomas  C.  Foss,  August  7,  1861;  Jason  Woodman,  December  20,  1871; 
Louisa  M.  Woodman,  December  10,  1880;  Charles  A.  Whitehouse,  August 
18,  1888.  South  Leeds.  —  Martin  Leonard,  June  6,  1826;  Franklin  B.  Leonard, 
August  27,  1828;  Joshua  S.  Turner,  December  5, 1838;  Oscar  D.  Turner,  July 
27,1840;  John  Gilmore,  July  10,  1841;  Salmon  A.  Wing,  August  16,1843; 
Ormand  T.  Wing,  June  2, 1856;  William  Wing,  March  10,  1863;  Sanford  Gil- 
bert, May  19,  1863;  James  L.  Bates,  January  2,  1865;  Duane  S.  Wing,  March 
12, 1867;  Greenleaf  Parker,  January  18, 1876;  Lois  V.  Parker,  August  3, 1887. 
West  Leeds.  —  Jonas  P.  Lee,  April  10,  1828;  Perez  S.  Jennings,  November  15, 
1828;  discontinued,  April  18,  1840;  established  with  Gessius  F.  Jennings, 
postmaster,  February  24,  1866;  Stephen  R.  Deane,  April  28,  1868;  G.  A.  Jen- 
nings, May  2, 1883;  Roscoe  E.  Swain,  June  30, 1888.  Curtis  Corner.  —  Salmon 
Brewster,  January  22,  1853;  H.  M.  Brewster,  December  10,  1887. 


Mail  Routes,  Railroads,  and  Post-Offices.  101 

LewiMon.  —  Dixn  Read,  July  15,  1799;  William  R.  Frye,  December  9,  1839; 
Mark  Lowell,  May  24,  1842;  Nelson  B.  Reynolds,  February  26,  1846;  John 
Smith,  February  26,  1849;  Oliver  Herrick,  June  15,  1849;  John  Herrick,  July 
26,  1852;  William  R.  Frye,  March  5, 1853 ;  Joseph  P.  Fessenden,  April  17, 1861 ; 
George  A.  Parker,  June  7,  1870;  Horace  C.  Little,  January  30,  1879;  Charles 
Walker,  April  1,  1887;  William  T.  Smart,  April  1,  1891.  South  Lewiston.— 
Joseph  Daniels,  September  16,  1867;  Benjamin  F.  Morrell,  August  27,  1874; 
Albert  B.  Clark,  June  12,  1879;  Andrew  J.  Hinkley,  July  26,  1880;  H.  W. 
Knowles,  September  26,  1882. 

Lisbon  (established  as  Factoryville,  changed  to  Lisbon,  December  6, 
1834).  — Robert  Jack,  October  3,1823;  Samuel  Moody,  June  23,  1832;  Benja- 
min Burgess,  February  8,  1836;  Joshua  Gerrish,  October  26,1838;  Reuben  1). 
Rand,  May  28,  1856;  Levi  T.  Coombs,  November  7,  1857;  Cliarles  B.  Jordan, 
January  6,  1862;  Charles  W.  Gerrish,  April  7,  1873;  Hannah  W.  Gerrish, 
January  6,  1880;  J.  M.  Corbett,  July  31,  1885;  Alfred  E.  Jordan,  August  10, 
1889.  Lisbon  Falls  (established  as  Little  River  Village,  changed  to  present 
name,  February  20,  1865). — William  P.  Davis,  December  14,  1818;  Ezekiel 
Thompson,  February  3,  1819;  Joseph  Cowing,  March  30,  1832;  Josiah  Lane, 
December  11,  1834;  Moses  Tibbetts,  February  17,  1842;  James  Booker, 
August  19,  1845 ;  Jedediah  Moulton,  December  23,1845;  Warren  A.  Bibber, 
January  29,  1853;  Aaron  I.  West,  March  29,  1853;  John  O.  Tracy,  November 
29,  1855;  John  H.  Coombs,  November  6,  1858;  Seth  P.  Grossman,  July  2, 
1861;  Samuel  Crowell,  February  4,  1868;  Horace  C.  White,  April  8,  1869; 
George  W.  Coombs,  July  24,  1874;  George  Plummer,  January  22,  1883;  John 
H.  Coombs,  October  28,1885;  George  Plummer,  November  9,  1889.  Lisbon 
OeMter. — John  W.  Jordan,  August  4, 1884;  A.  K.  P.  Edwards,  August  15, 1888. 

Last  Livermore.  —  Francis  F.  Haines,  October  8,  1822;  William  B.  Small, 
February  9,  1839;  F.  F.  Haines,  June  30,  1841;  William  B.  Small,  March  2, 
1846;  F.  F.  Haines,  August  15,  1851;  William  B.  Small,  March  2,  1852; 
Francis  Morrill,  January  11,  1854;  Jonathan  Lovejoy,  July  7,  1854;  Elisha  B. 
Lovejoy,  June  29,  1863;  Jonathan  Lovejoy,  April  25,  1865;  Amos  Hobbs, 
December  24,  1867;  Francis  J.  Folsom,  September  24,  1868;  Caleb  P.  Brown, 
February  29,  1876;  Francis  J.  Folsom,  August  12,  1878;  Mrs.  Ellen  M. 
Folsom,  January  5,  1886.  East  Livermore  Mills  (changed  from  Brown's  Mills, 
January  19,  1872).  — Eli  N.  Berry,  January  5,  1872;  W.  A.  Francis,  April  1, 
1886;  Eli  N.  Berry,  May  1,  1889.  Livermore  J^a/^s.  — Elisha  Pettengill, 
December  21,  1830;  Nathaniel  Mayo,  July  13,  1841;  David  Hale,  April  2, 
1844;  Oliver  Pettingill,  August  22,  1845;  Comfort  Pettingill,  March  7,  1848; 
Stillman  Reed,  July  1,  1861;  Alvin  Record,  June  22,  1870;  W.  S.  Treat, 
September  14,  1885;  J.  F.  Jefferds,  September  19,  1889. 

Livermore  (Brettun's  Mills).  —  Benjamin  Prescott,  April  1,  1807;  Benja- 
min Bradford,  September  30,  1809;  Isaac  Strickland,  March  27,  1825;  William 


102  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


H.  Brettun,  December  12,  1838;  Doribus  Morrison,  May  11,  1842;  G.  W.  C. 
Washburn,  June  11,  1844 ;  David  Leavitt,  February  2,  1849 ;  Isaac  Strickland, 
June  4,  1852;  William  Child,  January  7,  1853;  Samuel  H.  Morse,  September 
20,  1856;  Lee  Strickland,  March  13,  1858;  Lamont  O.  Stevens,  August  2, 1862; 
Augustus  H.  Strickland,  September  25,  1869;  Oliver  P.  Stevens,  October  29, 
1869;  Lamont  O.  Stevens,  July  7,  1870;  George  T.  Piper,  July  31,  1871;  A. 
H.  Strickland,  May  3,  1876;  George  T.  Piper,  October  1,  1878;  Roscoe  G. 
Goding,  May  17,  1885;  W.  F.  Fuller,  September  23,  1886.  m-ickJands 
Ferry.  —  Solomon  Millett,  December  10,  1853;  Leonard  Knight,  December  23, 
1861;  David  P.  Hodgdon,  November  25,  1863;  Alonzo  P.  Russell,  August  9, 
1865;  Alpheus  E.  Guild,  April  13,  1866;  George  F.  Piper,  March  27,  1867; 
John  R.  Millett,  September  1,  1868;  Russell  B.  Hersey,  May  11,  1869;  John 
R.  Millett,  August  28,  1871 ;  R.  B.  Hersey,  January  5,  1874  ;  Charles  A.  Libby, 
May  13,  1875;  Frank  H.  Sawtelle,  May  3,  1877  ;  Albert  Caswell,  December 
11,  1877;  George  D.  Emery,  March  21,  1878;  N.  H.  Sawtelle,  February  20, 
1886.  Livermore  Ce7iter.  —  John  L.  Wyman,  June  21,  1839;  Abner  Moore, 
November  30,  1841;  Alvan  C.  Harlovi^,  February  5,  1856;  Joseph  Baird,  July 
22,  1859;  Alvan  C.  Harlow,  September  20,  1860;  John  W.  Bigelow,  July  17, 
1873;  John  L.  Cummings,  April  6,  1877;  Frank  B.  Bigelow,  July  19,  1882; 
John  L.  Cummings,  January  1,  1883;  W.  Carver,  July  15,  1885;  John  L. 
Cummings,  January,  1888.  North  Livermore.  —  Reuel  Washburn,  May  5, 
1824 ;  Jesse  Stone,  January  29,  1830 ;  Reuel  Washburn,  December  13,  1841 ; 
George  D.  Norton,  January  22,  1847 ;  Matthew  M.  Stone,  December  26,  1849 ; 
Ephraim  M.  Steadman,  February  4,  1858;  Samuel  P.  Holman,  March  10, 
1860;  Seth  D.  Washburn,  May  31,  1861;  George  D.  Norton,  December  8, 
1862;  Augustus  W.  Coolidge,  December  4, 1865  ;  George  Q.  Gammon,  July  27, 
1868;  Roscoe  G.  Godding,  April  20,  1870;  A.  W.  Coolidge,  September 
26,  1877;  C.  F.  Roberts,  October  23,  1888;  Hattie  L.  Coolidge,  March  19, 
1889.  South  Livermore.  —  George  F.  Chase,  August  19,  1856;  Elbridge  G. 
Bryant,  January  31,  1857;  discontinued  from  May  8,  1858,  to  May  24,  1858; 
Joi)  Chase,  May  24,  1858 ;  George  F.  Chase,  June  18,  1877;  William  S.  Moore, 
November  8, 1878;  Mrs.  M.  F.  Norton,  November  1,  1889. 

Minot  (called  Minot  or  Poland  indiscriminately  until  Poland  office  was 
established,  April  8,1816).  —  Samuel  Swett,  January  1,  1801;  Daniel  Cash, 
October  1,  1804;  Nathan  P.  Woodbury,  October  1,  1805;  Ebenezer  Simonton, 
May  3,  1813;  William  H.  Woodbury,  January  2,  1818;  Nathan  L.  Woodbury, 
Novend^er  2,  1832;  Jabez  C.  Woodman,  July  20,  1841;  Nathan  P.  Woodbury, 
December  23,  1843;  Willard  H.  Woodbury,  June  29,  1847;  William  Dale, 
June  28,  1849;  Josiah  D.  Pulsifer,  March  30,  1853;  John  Freeman,  Jr, 
November  14,  1854;  Cyrus  Green,  December  11,  1855;  Abeiza  S.  Freeman, 
January   28,  1857;    Seth    M.    Milliken,  January  6,    1862;    Joseph    Freeman, 


Mail  Routes,  Railroads,  and  Post-Offices.  103 

December  26,  1862;  Lyman  M.  Cousens,  September  18,  1865;  William  H. 
Rounds,  July  27,  1868  ;•  Rebecca  F.  Rounds,  December  10,  1880.  Mechanic 
Falls. — Samuel  F.  Waterman,  October  27,  1841;  Jacob  Dwinal,  July  21, 
1845;  Samuel  Carr,  May  2,  1849;  Merrill  W.  Stront,  July  7,  1851;  Alexander 
B.  Dwinal,  February  24,  1853;  Charles  K.  Smith,  July  2,  1856;  Samuel  F. 
Waterman,  June  26,  1861;  Oliver  B.  Dwinal,  October  8,  1866;  Joseph  Buck- 
nam,  April  8,  1869;  Jason  Hall,  July  19,  1869;  F.  E.  Dwinal,  April  1,  1883; 
Frank  A.  Millett,  February  22,  1887;  F.  E.  Dwinal,  April  1,  1891.  West 
iUfmof.  — Calvin  Bridgham,  February  9,  1825;  William  Lowell,  June  3,  1841; 
Levi  Whittemore,  July  21,  1845;  Calvin  Bridgham,  August  15,  1846;  William 
Lowell,  April  23,  1840;  David  B.  Sawyer,  March  30,  1853;  Joshua  Parsons, 
June  23,  1856;  Gideon  Bearce,  September  16,  1861;  L.  Y.  Millett,  December 
10,  1885;  Gideon  Bearce,  July  1,  1889.  East  Minot.  —  Martin  Leavitt, 
December  25, 1827;  discontinued  April  9,  1835;  John  A.  Dunning,  September 
7,  1839;  discontinued  April  3, 1842. 

Poland.  —  Robert  Waterman,  April  8,  1816;  James  Hackett,  June  7,  1817; 
Jabez  True,  Jr,  November  8,  1819;  Josiah  Jordan,  May  16,  1823;  David 
Dunn,  December  12,  1838;  William  Cousens,  June  29,  1841;  David  Dunn, 
June  7,  1845;  Freeland  Marble,  July  29,  1845;  David  Dunn,  December  30, 
1847;  William  Cousens,  September  28,  1849;  George  Bridgham,  March  30, 
1853;  Otis  West,  December  21,  1854;  David  Dunn,  September  25,  1856; 
Cyrus  Briggs,  September  10,  1857;  Charles  Lane,  June  18,  1861;  Levi  N. 
Estes,  October  24,  1865;  Charles  Lane,  June  17,  1867;  George  E.  Houghton, 
March  31,  1871;  Charles  Lane,  October  3,  1872;  Sumner  I.  Rowe,  July  22, 
1880.  Charles  Rowe,  July  27,  1883.  East  Po?aw(7.  — Reuben  B.  Dunn,  Jan- 
uary 28,  1834;  discontinued  June  29,  1836;  Jonas  W.  Strout,  June  23,  1837; 
discontinued  April  22,  1842;  Gilman  Martin,  September  4,  1849;  Jonas  W. 
Strout,  September  21,  1855;  William  H.  Rounds,  December  23,  1861 ;  Luther 
B.  Knight,  September  18,  1865;  Agnes  M.  Walker,  January  8,  1872;  Daniel 
W.  Bailey,  May  14,  1877.  South  Poland.  — Yiiv am  Ricker,  June  4,  1862. 
WortUe ij. —  YiixmlQt  L.  Bass,  August  8,  1882;  Charles  S.  Strout,  September  20, 
1882;  discontinued  November  17, 1884.  West  Poland.  —  Jolm  Megquier,  May 
19,1837;  James  H.  Fernald,  September  25,  1845;  William  M.  Perkins,  June 
15,  1852;  Francis  Storer,  January  11,  1854;  Oren  S.  Keene,  January  18,  1870; 
George  O.  Goodwin,  December  29,  1871;  Silas  A.  Megquier,  January  14,  1881; 
George  O.  Goodwin,  November  4,  1885 ;  Silas  A.  Megquier,  April  10,  1889. 

Turner  (established  as  Turner  Village,  changed  to  Turner,  February  4, 
1826).— William  K.  Porter,  July  19,  1824;  Philo  Clark,  October  8,  1834; 
John  Blake,  July  10,  1841;  Hiram  Clark,  December  2, 1844;  John  Blake,  June 
16,1849;  Hiram  Clark,  March  9,  1852;  Philo  Clark,  May  22,  1858;  Hira 
Bradford,  Jr,  April  18,  1861;  Mellen  A.  Bearce,  April  2,  1869;   William  L. 


104  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Bonney,  February  4,  1881;  Walter  B.  Irish,  October  1,1885;  James  P.  Water- 
man, June  14,  1889.  Emt  Turner  (originally  Turner,  changed  February  4, 
1826).  —  Ichabod  Bonney,  1804;  Alden  Blossom,  March  15,  1814;  discontinued 
March  22,  1839.  Turner  An(h-os('o</</m  post-office  was  changed  to  Uai<f 
Turner,  July  10,  1839.  Postmasters  from  establishment  are :  Ezekiel  Martin, 
February  10,  1832;  John  W.  Webster,  December  18,  1855;  James  D.  Gilbert, 
September  18,  1860;  Rutelius  S.  Coolidge,  April  23,  1873;  John  W.  Webster, 
April  23,  1877;  Warren  Webster,  November  18,  1881.  Chases  MiUs.  — Solon 
Chase,  December  18,  1874.  /^'outh  Turner.  —  Charles  H.  Barrell,  January  25, 
1875;  Mrs.  Laura  C.  Barrell,  March  31,  1887;  William  D.  Barrell,  February 
20,  1889.  Turner  Center. —  Lewis  P.  Bradford,  February  14,  1873.  Keens 
Mills  (changed  from  Keen's  Mills  to  Aqua  Mills,  January  30,  1880,  and  again 
to  Keen's  Mills,  P'ebruary  24, 1880).  — William  A.  Andrews,  February  7,  1873  ; 
Augustus  R.  Gilmore,  January  30,  1880;  William  A.  Andrews,  February  24, 
1880;  Fred  B.  Wing,  February  18,  1886.  JSTorth  Turner.  — Timothy  Howe, 
December  12,  1825;  Cornelius  T.  Richardson,  January  14,  1828;  William  B. 
Bray,  November  16,  1836;  Samuel  B.  Holt,  July  28,  1841;  Jesse  Drew, 
December  4,  1844;  discontinued  July  21,  1845;  Isaac  Strickland,  April  14, 
1846;  Samuel  B.  Holt,  January  19,  1849;  Deering  Farrar,  October  31,  1855; 
Lewis  A.  Farrar,  April  7,  1856;  Eland  Fuller,  November  7,  1864;  William  W. 
House,  March  11,  1872;  Lewis  A.  Farrar,  March  19,  1874.  North  Turner 
Bridge.  —  Lee  Strickland,  December  30,  1830;  Church  P.  Leavitt,  July  13, 
1833  ;  Lewis    J.  Pollard,  August  15;  1851 ;   Jonas  E.  Greenwood,  December 

9,  1852;  Sylvester  S.  Whitman,  March  31,  1854;  David  Morse,  Sep- 
tember   25,    1856;     Zenas    Lane,    February    13,    1857;    discontinued    July 

10,  1857;  Albert  Winsliip,  May  10,  1858;  Albert  Barker,  April  24, 
1865;  Samuel  B.  Wing,  December  20,  1'871  ;  Albert  Barker,  August  27, 
1874;  W.  W.  Hobbs,  April  30,  1883;  Goodwin  C.  Caswell,  April  16,  1886;  S. 
Houghton,  January  17,  1889.  Howe's  Corner. — Established  May  4,  1891, 
George  D.  Humphrey,  postmaster. 

Wales. — Arthur  N.  Given,  November  3,  1824;  Arthur  Given,  January  18, 
1S36;  Elizabeth  Given,  November  15,  1875;  Alden  Moulton,  April  5,1876; 
Hattie  L.  Given,  Marcli  15,  1886.  ihst  Wales.  — S.imwal  Potter,  December 
23,  1856;  Josei)h  G.  liragg,  December  4,  1857;  Llewellyn  S.  Ham,  January  30, 
1860;  Maria  N.  Ham,  September  6,  1876;  Mary  E.  Ham,  November  20,  1876; 
W.  E.  Hinckley,  Sei)tember  28,  1881.  Leedx  Junetion  (changed  from  Leeds 
Station,  March  15,  1859).  — George  Beals,  April  15,  1850;  J.  B.  Brackett, 
December  3,  1883;  J.  W.  llicker,  May  8,  1891. 

Webster  (first  Lisbon  Four  Corners,  changed  to  Lisbon,  August  8,  1832,  to 
Lisbon  Center,  December  6,  1834,  to  Webster,  June  22,  1841).  — James  Small, 
February  6,  1819;  Samuel  Heath,  February  14,  1823;  Nathan  C.  Fletcher,  July 
17,  1832,  Amos  Dwinal,  July  27,  18.33;  PJiilip  M.  Garcelon,  March  29,  1836; 


Military  Affairs.  105 


Samuel  Cushmaii,  July  3,  1851;  Albert  J.  Larrabee,  December  28,  1869; 
George  B.  Smith,  February  24,1880;  Frederick  Blethen,  April  2,  1880  ;  George 
B.  Smith,  June  1,  1885;  C.  K.  Donnell,  October  1,  1887;  C.  A.  Owen,  August 
1,1889.  iSW^rt^^Hs.— James  Weymouth,  December  21,  1831;  John  L.  Cutter, 
February  21,  1842;  Jacob  Hill,  June  22,  1844;  Daniel  Gary,  April  11,  1849; 
Retiah  D.  Jones,  June  16,  1853;  Stetson  L.  Hill,  November  9,  1857;  Bradford 
D.  Farnham,  April  11,  1860;  Isaac  N.  Davis,  April  7,  1871;  Cyprian  C. 
Crockett,  September  15,  1876;  Seth  H.  Wilkins,  March  27,  1879;  B.  F. 
Dennison,  September  25,  1885;  Edwin  Woodside,  November  13,  1889;  did 
not  take  office  until  July  1,  1890. 


CHAPTER   X. 


MILITARY    AFFAIRS. 


Maine  Regiments  in  the  Civil  War  — The  Soldiers  of  Androscoggin  County — The  Grand 
Army  Posts  and  Associate  Bodies. 

Not  in  his  battles  won, 
Tho'  long  the  well-fought  fields  may  keep  their  name, 
But  in  the  wide  world's  sense  of  duty  done. 
The  gallant  soldier  finds  the  meed  of  fame; 

His  life  no  struggle  for  ambition's  prize, 
Simply  the  duty  done  that  in  him  lies. 

—  Melville  Weston  Fuller. 

IN  THIS  chapter  prepared  to  commemorate  the  men  of  this  county  who 
took  part  in  the  great  work  of  preserving  federal  unity  and  national  honor 
in  the  great  Civil  War,  we  have  compiled  a  brief  record  of  the  service  of 
each  military  organization  sent  from  Maine,  with  a  list  of  its  membership 
credited  to  this  county,  copying  their  names  from  the  adjutant-general's 
reports,  and  carefully  revising  this  list.  So  lofty  was  the  devotion  of  those 
who  died,  so  honorable  the  services  of  those  who  survived,  that  only  the  most 
complete  and  exhaustive  record  can  do  their  deeds  and  their  memory  justice, 
while  so  inadequate  are  sources  of  information  that  many  errors  of  omission 
must  necessarily  occur  to  pain  survivors  or  do  seeming  injustice  to  gallant 
men.  There  are  inevitable  inaccuracies  in  the  official  records  made  in 
.  times  of   haste,  excitement,  and  confusion,  and    names   and  residences  were 


106  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


often  misunderstood  and  improperly  recorded.  Through  irregularity  in  trans- 
mission of  enlistments  to  the  adjutant-general,  the  records  are  incomplete, 
and  in  many  cases  must  remain  so.  We  are  largely  indebted  for  the  his- 
torical sketches  of  the  regiments  and  other  organizations  to  the  reports  of 
the  commanding  officers  published  at  various  times  in  the  adjutant-general's 
reports  and  to  "Maine  in  the  War,"  which  has  preserved  much  of  value. 

Androscoggin  county  furnished  3,812  soldiers  for  the  Civil  War,  and  paid 
in  bounties  1529,437;  Auburn  paying  165,275,  Danville  $28,136,  Lewiston 
$113,821,  Durham  133,165,  Lisbon  $37,795,  Minot  $32,487,  Poland  $45,230, 
Turner  $62,470. 

First  Infantry  Reii'iment.  —  This  was  organized  April  28,  1861,  and 
mustered  into  the  United  States  service  at  Portland,  May  3,  for  three 
months.  Each  one  who  enlisted  expected  to  be  sent  at  once  into  active 
service.  The  field  officers  were :  Nathaniel  J.  Jackson,  of  Lewiston,  colonel  ; 
Albion  Witham,  of  Portland,  lieutenant-colonel ;  George  G.  Bailey,  of 
Portland,  major.  Companies  F  (Lewiston  Light  Infantry)  and  H  (Auburn 
Artillery)  were  militia  companies  of  excellent  discipline  and  drill.  Company 
K,  the  other  company  raised  in  this  county,  contained  raw  recruits. 

The  act  of  the  legislature  authorizing  enlistments  was  approved  April  23, 
1861.  At  a  meeting  held  on  the  evening  of  that  day,  Charles  S.  Emerson, 
lieutenant  of  Auburn  Artillery,  headed  the  list  of  volunteers,  and  is  said  to  be 
the  first  person  to  enlist  in  Maine.  The  First  went  into  Camp  Washburn  at 
Westbrook,  and  here  it  was  reviewed  by  Governor  Washburn.  Sickness 
breaking  out  among  the  men  the  regiment  did  not  leave  the  state  until 
June  1,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Washington.  Along  the  entire  route  it 
received  marked  attention.  Flags  were  presented  to  it  in  Boston  and  New 
York.  Li  Baltimore  it  marched  along  the  route  where  the  Sixth  Massachu- 
setts was  assaulted  on  the  19th,  and  preparations  were  made  for  battle;  but  no 
demonstrations  were  made  by  the  citizens,  although  the  streets  were  crowded. 
Going  into  camp  at  Washington,  its  drill,  order,  and  general  efficiency  elicited 
much  praise  and  caused  it  to  be  kept  for  the  defense  of  the  city,  and  it 
was  soon  given  the  post  of  honor  as  guard  of  the  Long  Bridge.  Here  it 
did  good  work  until  its  term  of  service  expired,  July  31.  It  was  mustered 
out  of  United  States  service  at  Portland,  August  5,  1861,  and  the  men 
discharged  from  serving  the  remainder  of  their  two-years'  enlistment  in  the 
state  service. 

Many  of  the  soldiers  re-enlisted,  and  the  non-commissioned  officers  and 
rank  and  file  furnished  numerous  officers  for  other  regiments.  Colonel 
Jackson  became  colonel  of  the  Fifth ;  Adjutant  Fillebrown,  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Tenth ;  Captain  Emerson  and  Lieutenants  Knowlton,  Nye,  and  Shaw, 
captains  in  the  Tenth ;  and  Lieutenant  Johnson,  adjutant  of  the  Seventh. 


Military  Affairs. 


107 


ROSTER. 


Nathaniel  J.  Jackson,  CoL, 
James  S.  Fillebrown,  Adjt, 
Foster  Randall,  Serg.  Maj., 
Stephen    H.    Manning,    Q.    M. 
promoted  Q.  M.,  Fifth  Maine, 
Cyrus  Freeman,  Fife  Maj., 
Wellington  Dwiual,  B, 
Joseph  Q.  Edmunds,  B, 
John  Fandy,  B, 
H.  H.  Hutchinson,  A, 
Charles  E.  Harris,  B, 
A.  H.  Hutchinson,  B, 
Levi  F.  Jordan,  B, 
Hiram  B.  King,  A, 
William  Clark,  D, 
Franklin  Dyer,  D, 
Jesse  T.  Stevens,  Capt.,  F, 
William  Knowlton,  Lieut,  F, 
.John  H.  Ferguson,  Serg.,  F, 
Marvin  L.  Blood,  Serg.,  F, 
Isaac  S.  Faunce,  Serg.,  F, 
Harrison  A.  Cook,  Serg.,  P, 
Charles  H.  Moore,  Corp.,  F, 
Edward  S.  Butler,  Corp.,  F, 
Edgar  M.  Eustis,  Corp.,  F, 
Almon  J.  Gardner,  Corp.,  F, 
Edward  P.  Carman,  Mus.,  F, 
Augustus  C.  Annis,  F, 
Zelind  W.  Annis,  F, 
George  Abbot,  F, 
George  W.  Brown,  F, 
Gilbert  V.  Bangs,  F, 
Charles  A.  Beals,  F, 
Alonzo  M.  Bartlett,  P, 
Hardy  W.  Baker,  F, 
Charles  H.  Bowker,  F, 
Daniel  W.  Burnham,  F, 
John  Blake,  2d,  F, 
Lewis  Carvill,  F, 
Daniel  J.  Chandler,  F, 
Nicholas  Curran,  F, 
Frank  B.  Dakin,  F, 
Abraham  G.  Durell,  F, 
Charles  B.  Dean,  F, 
William  Forbes,  F, 
Charles  R.  Foster,  F, 
Bradley  F.  Gurney,  F, 
George  H.  Gould,  F, 
Stephen  Graffam,  F, 
Charles  W.  Heney,  F, 
Enoch  L.  Hall,  F, 
Theodore  V.  Hill,  F, 
Charles  H.  Haskell,  F, 
David  Jones,  F, 
Andrew  Jackson,  F, 
Samuel  W.  Lovell,  F, 


Serg., 


Lewiston 

James  Lowe,  F, 
Samuel  S.  Mann,  F, 
Hosea  S.  Mace,  F, 
Albion  K.  P.  Neal,  F, 
Luther  Oliver,  F, 
Chester  C.  Pearson,  F, 

Lewiston 

Poland 

James  G.  Preble,  F, 
Edward  L.  Prindall,  F, 

>> 

„ 

William  Price,  F, 

)> 

,, 

Abel  G.  Rankin,  F, 

11 

,, 

Charles  H.  Reed,  F, 

>» 

„ 

Samson  H.  Stover,  F, 

„ 

Hiram  S.  Stewart,  F, 

Greene 

,, 

John  Knowles,  F, 

„ 

Lewiston 

Isaiah  S.  Stevens,  F, 

Auburn 

Danville 

Joseph  T.  Stockbridge,  F, 

,, 

Lewiston 

Robert  C.  Thayer,  F, 

Turner 

,, 

John  A.  Trufant,  F, 

Lewiston 

,, 

Andrew  J.  Thompson,  F, 

,, 

„ 

Charles  H.  Whitney,  F, 

„ 

„ 

Orrin  Dwinal,G, 

Poland 

,, 

Alonzo  H.  Snell,  G, 

M 

„ 

Albion  K.  Snell,  G, 

,, 

Hiram  P.  Bailey,  G, 

Mi  not 

,, 

George  H.  Fuller,  G, 

Li verm ore 

Durham 

George  W.  Field,  G, 

" 

Lewiston 

Joseph  F.  Raynes,  G, 
Charles  S.  Emerson,  Capt.,  H, 

Auburn 

>> 

James  C.  Fulsom,  Lieut,  H, 

» 

,, 

Phineas  W.  Dill,  Lieut,  H, 

II 

„ 

James  Dingley,  Jr,  Serg.,  H, 

II 

„ 

Aaron  T.  Frost,  Serg.,  H, 

,, 

„ 

Horace  Wright,  Serg.,  H, 

,, 

„ 

Royal  A.  Bray,  Serg.,  H, 

Turner 

„ 

John  O.  Kidder,  Corp.,  H, 

Auburn 

Auburn 

Albert  B.  Furbish,  Corp.,  H, 

jj 

Lewiston 

Jabez  M.  Hogan,  Corp.,  H, 

Lewiston 

Turner 

George  A.  Warren,  Mus.,  H, 

,, 

Lewiston 

Eleazer  B.  Atwood,  H, 

Poland 

Charles  R.  Anderson,  H, 

Lewiston 

James  L.  Barker,  H, 

,, 

Thomas  R.  Beal,  H, 

Durham 

William  W.  Bailey,  H, 

,, 

Benjamin  M.  Bradbury,  H, 

Auburn 

Alex  B.  Conant,  H, 

,, 

George  B.  Coburn,  H, 

Lewiston 

Dennett  Cotton,  H, 

Auburn 

Thomas  H.  Cotton,  H, 

,, 

Timothy  DriscoU,  H, 

Lewiston 

James  T.  Doyle,  H, 

,, 

Daniel  P.  Eaton,  H, 

Auburn 

Stephen  R.  Estes,  H, 

Lewiston 

Albert  W.  Freeman,  H, 

Minot 

Henry  W.  Furbush,  H, 

Lewiston 

Harrison  B.  Green,  H, 

Auburn 

William  H.  Gordon,  H, 

„ 

108 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


George  W.  Harradon,  H, 
Washington  F.  Harradon,  H, 
Charles  E.  Harradon,  H, 
George  B.  Haley,  H, 
David  A.  Jumper,  H, 
George  F.  Joy,  H, 
Isaiah  Kimhall,  H, 
Roscoe  J.  Kidder,  H, 
William  R.  Little,  H, 
Sullivan  Luce,  H, 
Nathaniel  Lovejoy  Jr,  H, 
Lemout  Manning,  H, 
Charles  P.  Miller,  H, 
Charles  S.  Merrill,  H, 
Chandler  Nason,  H, 
George  H.  Parker,  H, 
Jabez  Pratt,  H, 
Andrew  J.  Royall,  H, 
Churchill  S.  Stevens,  H, 
IMiineas  W.  Skinner,  H, 
Josiah  Stone,  H, 
Sidney  Small,  H, 
William  M.  Savage,  H, 
Samuel  L.  Stevens,  H, 
John  S.  Turner,  H, 
Nathaniel  R.  Turner,  H, 
James  H.  Tunks,  H, 
Augustus  White,  H, 
Philip  Witham,  H, 
Benjamin  F.  Hicks,  I, 
Silas  B.  Osgood,  Capt.,  K, 
Elijah  D.  Johnson,  Lieut,  K, 
George  H.  Nye,  Lieut,  K, 
John  B.  Cook,  Serg.,  K, 
Benjamin  A.  Howard,  Serg.,  K, 
Edwin  Robbins,  Serg  ,  K, 
Richard  W.  Stewart,  Serg.,  K, 
Ethelbert  C.  Caswell,  Corp.,  K, 
James  Layden,  Corp.,  K, 
Asa  J.  Cole,  Corp.,  K, 
John  R.  Morrill,  Corp.,  K, 
Albert  E.  Hanson,  Mus.,  K, 
Henry  Ash  ton ,  K, 


Auburn 

Andrew  Bubier,  K,. 

Webster 

„ 

James  R.  Braley,  K, 

Lewiston 

„ 

Ivory  Brown,  K, 

„ 

Lisbon 

George  W.  Bickford,  K. 

,, 

Lewiston 

Albert  L.  Bolan,  K, 

,, 

Lisbon 

Frederick  N.  Baker,  K, 
Ellsworth  A.  Brown,  K, 

" 

Turner 

Houghton  Bond,  K, 

,, 

Auburn 

Hiram  Cord  well,  K, 

,, 

Lisbon 

Elmer  Chipman,  K, 

Poland 

Greene 

Nathan  Herrick,  K, 

,, 

Lewiston 

Jordan  G.  Carville,  K, 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Benjamin  A.  Eaton,  K, 

Greene 

Durham 

James  B.  Ford,  K, 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Joseph  F.  Goss,  K, 

,, 

Durham 

George  F.  Hodgdon,  K, 

Livermore 

Greene 

Almond  L.  Goss,  K, 

Danville 

Danville 

James  Guiney,  K, 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Ambrose  E.  Hammond,  K, 

,, 

Poland 

James  Hedon,  K, 

,, 

Lewiston 

Charles  H.  Jumper,  K, 

,, 

Auburn 

Leonard  Jepson,  K, 
Albert  E.  Kingsley,  K, 
Augustus  K.  Lane,  K, 

" 

Lewiston 

Frederic  S.  Myrick,  K, 

,, 

,, 

Richard  McCarthy,  K, 

Auburn 

Auburn 

Jonathan  Nash,  K, 

,, 

,, 

James  E.  Osgood,  K, 

Lewiston 

Lewiston 

James  Onias,  K, 

,, 

Lewiston 

Manassah  Pettingill,  K, 
Charles  W.  Smith,  K, 
Llewellyn  Sawyer,  K, 
James  Smith,  K, 
Philip  H.  Tarr,  K, 
Charles  E.  Taylor,  K, 
James  E.  Tarr,  K, 
Reuben  Viele,  K, 
Elias  S.  Webber,  K, 
Melvin  Woodcock,  K, 
Michael  Welch,  K, 
John  A.  Willard,  K, 

" 

,, 

Lewis  Gordon,  H, 

Poland 

,, 

Frank  C.  Adams,  K, 

Auburn 

Seeond  Infantry  Rcf/imfnt.  —  This  was  rendezvoused  at  Bangor,  and  left  the 
state  May  14,  18(31.  It  was  organized  at  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  May  28,  1861,  to 
serve  two  and  three  years.  Charles  D.  Jameson  was  colonel;  Charles  W. 
Roberts,  lieutenant-colonel ;  George  Varney,  major;  all  of  Bangor. 

July  1  the  Second  joined  the  Army  of  Virginia  at  Falls  Church,  and  on 
July  21  did  distinguished  service  at  Bull  Run.  "The  Second,  in  its  two- 
years'  enlistment,  saw  an  amount  of  service  that  would  put  to  the  blush 
many  of  the  veteran  troops  of  the  old  world.  It  was  engaged  in  eleven  bloody 
and  hard-fought  battles  and  numerous  skirmishes,  always  distinguishing  itself^ 
and  never  received  the  slightest  word  of  censure  from  the  higher  commanding 


Military  Affairs. 


101  > 


officers.  It  had  a  i-ecord  second  to  none  from  the  state.  Its  tedious  marches 
were  cheerfully  sustained,  and  it  never  wearied,  never  faltered,  never  mur- 
mured, but  at  all  times,  even  in  its  most  desperate  engagements,  faithfully  and 
unflinchingly  performed  its  duty."  The  two-years'  men  were  mustered  out 
June  9,  i860,  and  the  others  transferred  to  the  Twentieth. 

Colonel  Jameson  was  promoted  brigadier-general  and  showed  great 
gallantry.  He  died  November  (3,  lcS62,  from  injuries  received  at  Fair  Oaks. 
He  was  succeeded  as  colonel  by  Charles  W.  Roberts,  and  January  10,  1863, 
Major  Varney  became  colonel. 

ROSTER. 


John  C.  Harmon,  Corp.,  A,  Lowiston 

John  F.  Black,  A,  pro  Lt,  Aug.  I),  01, 

Alhion  Morris,  band,  Leeds 


Michael  Young,  B,  Webster 

John  McDonald,  B,  trans  to  '20  Me,       Lewistou 
John  Sullivan,  C,  Auburn 


Third  Infanfr//  Bajimenf. —  This  regiment  went  into  camp  at  Augusta, 
May  28,  1861,  and  was  organized  June  4,  1861.  Its  in-rsonnel  was  most 
admirable,  for  the  Kennebec  lumberman  was  largely  represented,  and  all  were 
well-formed  men.  The  average  weight  of  one  company  was  170  pounds.  Its 
service  of  three  years  was  marked  by  undaunted  valor,  patient  endurance,  and 
heroic  achievements.  It  was  mustered  out  at  Augusta,  June  28,  1864,  and  the 
recruits  transferred  to  the  Seventeenth.  Its  first  colonel  was  Oliver  O. 
Howard,  of  Leeds,  promoted  to  brigadier-general  September  7, 1861.  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Isaac  N.  Tucker  was  discharged  November  4,  1861.  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Charles  A.  L.  Sampson  resigned  July  7,  1862,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Edwin  Burt  was  killed  in  the  Wilderness  fight  of  May  6,  1864.  Major 
Henry  G.  Staples,  the  first  major,  was  promoted  to  colonel,  and  resigned 
November  14,  1862,  and  Major  William  C.  Morgan  was  killed  at  North  Anna, 
May  23,  1864.  November  14,  1862,  Moses  B.  Lakeman,  who  was  first  captain 
of  Company  B,  was  commissioned  colonel. 

The  Third  took  active  part  in  the  battles  of  Centreville,  Bull  Run, 
Yorktown,  Williamsburg,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Run, 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Manassas,  Wilderness,  Spottsyl- 
vania,  and  South  Anna. 


ROSTER. 


Oliver  Otis  Howard,  CoL,  promoted  to 

Brig.  Gen., 
William  H.  Jewett,  Asst.  Surgeon, 
Charles  H.  Howard,  Drum  Major,  pro- 
moted to  staff, 
Russell  Carver,  A,  wd  at  Fair  Oaks,  ,, 

Page  T.  Francis,  A,  ,, 

Frank  Bubier,  B,  Lewistou 


Leeds 
Turner 


Leeds 


Joseph   C.   Harlow,   C,   transferred    to 

Third  U.  S.  Artillery,  Auburn 

Charles  M.  Landers,  C,  pro  to  Serg.,      Danville 
Frank  Heald,  F,  Lewiston 

Newell  Strout,  Capt.,  K,  res  1861,  Durham 

Freeman  H.  Strout,  Serg.,  K,  killed,  ,, 

Frederic  H.  Strout,  Corp.,  K,  promoted 
to  1st  Serg.,  ,, 


110 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


William  B.  Bryant,  K,  Turner 

Thomas  J.  Bryant,  K,  ,, 

John  W.  Campbell,   K,  died    Sept.    16, 

1861,  Livermore 

Jason  Carver,  K,  disch  Sept.  19,  ISOl,  Leeds 

Lloyd  B.  Caswell,  K,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Francis  George,  K,  ,, 

William  Heald,  K,  East  Livermore 

John  C.  Keene,  Capt.,  K,  killed,  Gettys- 
burg, July  2,  18G:{,  Leeds 
Levi  R.  Reay,  K,  died  in  prison,  ,, 
Henry  S.  Turner,  K,  ,, 
Benjamin  Woodman,  K,  died  in  service,         ,, 
Elisha  K.  Mann,  Corp.,  K,  transferred 

to  17  Maine,  ,, 

Henry  O.  Fabyan,  K,  died  Oct.  30,  18(52,         ,, 
Walter  W.  Boothby,  K,  kd  Dec.  13,  02, 
Dexter  W.  Howard,  K.pro  Serg.,  trans 

17  Me,  ,, 

Buggies  S.  Keay,  K,  trans  to  17  Me,         Greene 
Clark  H.  Eldridge,  H,  Livermore 

Eben  Farrington,  Corp.,  H,  died  July  2, 

1863,  Livermore 

Charles  W.  Pike,  I,  East  Livermore 

C.  C.  Eldridge,  killed, 

Jefferson  T.  Stevens,  killed,  ,,  ,, 

John  J.  O'Connell,  B,  trans  17  Me,       Lewiston 
Edward  E.  Jones,  B,  trans  17  Me,  Minot 

Josiah  Winslow,  E,  transferred  17  Me,  ,, 

George  G.  Babb,  C,  trans  17  Me,  Lewiston 

Amos  B.  Canwell,  C,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 


Frederic  Cook,  C,  trans  17  Me,  Lewiston 

George  W.  Foster,  C,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

John  Fallen,  C,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Henry  H.  Garcelon,  C,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Cyrus  W.  Gilpatrick,  C,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Lars  F.  Miller,  C,  trans  17  Me,  „ 

John  Smith,  C,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Mandrid  O.  Savage,  C,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Charles  D.  Wallace,  C,  ,, 

Albion  P.  Cobb,  D,  died  Dec.  2,  1863, 
Emery  E.  Lowell,  D,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Henry  F.  Noyes,  D,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

James  Welch,  D,  ,, 

James  L.  Kilgore,  E,  ,, 

Alonzo  P.  Lamb,  Capt.,  G,  Poland 

Stephen  P.  Cutler,  G,  trans  17  Me,         Lewiston 
George  W.  Hatch,  G,  killed  May  12, 18(i4,      ,, 
Charles  Harris,  G,  died  Feb.  13, 1804,  Livermore 
James  L.  Faden,  H,  trans  17  Me,  Turner 

Orville  Young,  H,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Samuel  Parker,  H,  trans  17  Me,  Lewiston 

Henry  H.  Thompson,  H,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 
William  C.  Thompson,  H,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 
John  L.  Tubbs,  H,  killed  May  12,  1864,  „ 
Arthur  L.  Coombs,  I,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

Joseph  O.  Sturtevant,  I,  trans  17  Me,  Leeds 
James  M.  Hatch,P.,killedMay  31, 1864,  Lewiston 
Martin  McElroy,  B,  ,, 

Charles  W.  Lowell,  I,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

John  Warner,  I,  trans  17  Me,  ,, 

W.  Heald,  East  Livermore 


Fourth  Infantry  Regiment. — The  state  regimental  organization  was 
completed  May  8,  1861,  at  Rockland,  and  it  was  mustered  into  the  national 
service  for  three  years,  June  15,  1861.  Hiram  G,  Berry,  of  Rockland,  was 
colonel;  Thomas  H.  Marshall,  of  Belfast,  lieutenant-colonel;  Frank  S. 
Nickerson,  of  Searsport,  major.  The  Fourth  did  gallant  service  in  most  of  the 
important  battles  in  Virginia,  and  at  Gettysburg,  during  its  three-years' 
warfare,  was  mustered  out  July  19,  1864,  and  the  veterans  and  recruits 
transferred  to  the  Nineteenth.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Marshall  was  promoted  to 
colonel  of  the  Seventh  Maine,  September  9,  1861,  and  his  successor, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Frank  S.  Nickerson,  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
Fourteenth,  November  29,  1861.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Silas  M.  Fuller  resigned 
March  1,  1862,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lorenzo  D.  Carver  was  discharged 
December  16, 1863.  Lieutenant-Colonel  George  G.  Davis  was  commissioned 
May  10,  1864.  Major  William  L.  Pitcher  was  killed  at  Fredericksburg, 
December  13,  1862.  Major  Ebenezer  Whitcomb  died  October  5,  1863,  from 
wounds  received  at  Gettysburg,  and  Major  Robert  H.  Grey,  May  9,  1864, 
of  wounds  received  in  action.  March  17,  1862,  Major  Elijah  Walker  was  made 
colonel  on  the  promotion  of  Colonel  Berry  to  brigadier-general.  General 
Berry  won  unfading  honors.     He  was  given  official  credit  for  saving  the  day  at 


Military  Affairs. 


Ill 


Williamsburg.  After  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  December  13, 1862,  General 
A.  P.  Hill,  commanding  the  Confederates,  sent  a  flag  of  truce  to  compliment 
General  Berry  on  his  skillful  generalship.  In  March,  1863,  General  Berry  was 
made  major-general,  and  May  3,  1863,  was  killed  at  Chancellorsville,  after 
having  saved  the  day  with  his  division.  Captain  Edwin  M.  Smith,  of  Company 
G,  was  made  major,  April  1,  1862,  but  soon  resigned  to  become  assistant- 
adjutant-geneial  on  the  staff  of  General  Berry,  and  was  killed  at  Fair  Oaks. 


ROSTER. 


Freeborn  G.  Bean,  A,  trans  19  Me,         Lewiston 
John  Cusick,  A,  trans  19  Me,  ,, 

John  Cochran,  A,  trans  19  Me,  ,, 

James  C.  Crafts,  A,  trans  19  Me,  ,, 

John  Carter,  A,  trans  19  Me,  ,, 

Charles  W.  Merrill,   D,   trans  19  Me,  ,, 

Henry  Martin,  D,  trans  19  Me,  ,, 

William  Reiley,  D, 
Henry  O.  Smith,  D,  trans  19  Me, 
Hezekiah  D.  Morse,  F,  died  in  service,     Poland 
William  L.  Brown,  G,  trans  19  Me,     Livermore 
Adoniram  L.  Dyer,  G,  died  Feb.  8,  G4,        ,, 
James  B.  Davis,  G,  trans  19  Me,  Lewiston 


Hngh  Hunter,  G,  trans  19  Me,  Lewiston 

Charles  Hermann,  G,  ,, 

Peter  Lee,  G.  trans  19  Me,  ,, 

George  Wilbur,  G,  trans  19  Me,  ,, 
Elisha  S.  Bisbee,  Serg.,  G,  killed  May 

23,  1864, 

Daniel  McDonald,  H,  ,, 

George  Martin,  I,  ,, 

Charles  Miles,  I,  trans  19  Me,  „ 
Otto  Smith,  K,  trans  19  Me, 

Nathan  B.  Harlow,  C,  trans  19  Me,  Auburn 

John  L.  Higgins,  C,  trans  19  Me,  Webster 

Josiah  Carr,  Surgeon,  Minot 


Fifth  Infantry  Regiment.  —  This  was  raised  in  the  third  division  of  the 
state  militia,  and,  contrary  to  the  preceding  ones  which  had  one  or  more 
organized  and  well-drilled  militia  companies  in  each  organization,  was  wholly 
composed  of  raw  men.  The  regiment  was  mustered  into  United  States  service 
June  24,  1861,  with  Mark  H.  Dnnnell,  of  Portland,  colonel;  Edwin  lUsley, 
of  Limington,  lieutenant-colonel ;  Samuel  C.  Hamilton,  of  Biddeford,  major. 
Emery  W.  Sawyer,  of  Lisbon,  was  captain  of  Company  E,  and  Aaron  S. 
Daggett,  of  Greene,  first  lieutenant.  William  A.  Tobie,  of  Poland,  was 
captain  ;  and  Hamlin  T.  Bucknam,  of  Minot,  first  lieutenant  of  Company  K. 

Two  days  after  the  muster-in,  the  Fifth  left  the  state  en  route  for  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  battlefield,  with  1,046  men.  June  27,  the 
Sons  of  Maine  of  New  York  City,  presented  the  regiment  with  a  silken 
regimental  flag.  June  29  it  went  into  camp  at  Meridian  Hill,  but  soon 
joined  the  Union  forces  south  of  the  Potomac,  and  July  21  was  terribly 
involved  in  the  disastrous  battle  of  Bull  Run ;  in  the  retreat  losing 
knapsacks,  tents,  cooking  utensils,  and  clothing,  all  these  falling  into  Confed- 
erate hands.  The  regiment,  without  opportunities  for  drill,  was  engaged  in 
fatigue  and  picket  duty,  and  suffered  severe  privations  for  lack  of  necessary 
supplies  and  from  sickness.  Colonel  Dunnell,  who  was  United  States  consul 
at  Vera  Cruz  and  on  leave  of  absence,  resigned  the  colonelcy  September 
2,  and  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Nathaniel  J.  Jackson,  late  of  the  First. 
The  same  month  the  lieutenant-colonel  and  major  resigned,  and  were  succeeded 


112 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


by  Captain  William  S.  Heath  of  Company  H,  Third  Maine,  as  lieutenant- 
colonel  (killed  in  action,  June  27,  1862),  and  Captain  Edward  A.  Scammon 
of  Company  H,  of  the  Fifth,  as  major. 

A  rapid  improvement  succeeded  in  the  health  of  the  regiment,  as  they  were 
moved  to  a  healthful  location,  and  drill  soon  brought  good  discipline.  From 
this  time  it  shared  the  privations,  the  honors,  and  the  losses  of  the  bravest 
reo-iments  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Colonel  Jackson  was  made  brigadier- 
general,  September  24,  1862,  and  November  1,  1862,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Scammon  became  colonel.  Major  Edwards,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Captain 
Millett  of  Company  A,  major.  Colonel  Scammon  resigned  January  8,  1863, 
and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Edwards  was  made  colonel,  and  Major  Millett,  lieu- 
tenant-colonel. Captain  Aaron  S.  Daggett,  of  Company  E,  became  major,  April 
24,  1863. 

This  regiment  was  mustered  out  at  Portland,  July  27,  1864,  and  the 
veterans  and  recruits  transferred  to  the  Sixth  Maine  Battalion.  During  its 
service  it  was  engaged  in  eleven  pitched  battles  and  eight  heavy  skirmishes 
before  participating  in  the  Wilderness  campaign.  It  captured  more  prisoners 
than  were  altogether  numbered  in  its  own  ranks,  and  six  Confederate  battle- 
flags.  General  Upton,  commanding  the  division  in  wliich  the  Fifth  served, 
complimented  it  highly  as  it  left  the  front  for  liome,  in  a  letter  to  the  officers 
and  men  from  wliich  we  extract:  — 

Tour  gallantry,  your  constancy,  your  devotion  to  the  Hag  of  your  country,  your  patient 
endurance  of  fatigue  during  the  campaigns  of  three  long  years  entitle  you  to  the  lasting 
gratitude  and  esteem  of  your  countrymen.  You  have  given  proof  of  your  valor  and 
jjatriotism  on  every  field  from  the  first  Bull  Run  to  the  present  time.  Leaving  your  native 
state  with  over  1,040  men,  after  receiving  a  large  number  of  recruits,  you  now  return  with 
but  216.  The  long  list  of  battles  in  which  you  have  participated,  including  Bull  Run, 
West  Point,  Gaines'  Mill,  Charles  City,  Crarapton  Gap,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Salem 
Heights,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock,  the  eight-days'  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Spott- 
sylvania,  and  Cold  Harbor,  will  account  for  your  losses. 

ROSTER. 


Nathaniel   J.   Jackson,   Col,   promoted 

to  Brig.-Gen.,  Lewiston 

Edwin  Illsley,  Lieut-Col,  resigned,  ,, 

Stephen  H.  Manning,  Q.  M.,  promoted 

A.  Q.  M.. 
Warren  Hume,  band,  ,, 

George    A.    Chandler,    Serg.-Maj.,  pro 

Lieut,  A,  taken  pris  July  24,  (53,  ,, 

Fabian  Churchill,  C,  killed  May  3,  1863,      Minot 
Adelbert  Churchill,  C,  killed,  ,, 

John  Foster,  C,  ,, 

John  H.  Stevens,  1st  Lieut,  C,  tr  D,         Greene 
Lawrence  Hassett,  D,  Lewiston 

Thomas  Tuttle,  D,  Durham 


William  A.  Walker,  D,  kd  Jan.  3,  64,     Durham 
Charles  Manning,  D,  Lewiston 

Emery  W.  Sawyer,   Capt.,  E,   resigned 

Aug.,  1861,  Lisbon 

Aaron   S.  Daggett,  Lieut,  E,  promoted 

Capt.,  Aug.   1.5,  1861,  promoted  Maj., 

Jan.  5,  1863,  Greene 

Frank  L.  Lemont,  E,  pro  Capt.  Jan.  8, 

1863,  kd  May  12,  1864,  Lewiston 

Norris  Litchfield,  Serg.,  E. 

John  B.  Bailey,  Serg.,  E.died,  Auburn 

Leander  Prentiss,  Corp.,  E,  discharged 

Oct.,  1861,  Lewiston 

John  A.  Lane,  Corp.,  E,  ,, 


Military  Affairs. 


113 


Washington  Ellis,  Corp.;  E,  discharged 

Aug.,  1861,  Lisbon 

Charles  B.  Keith,  Corp.,  E,  discharged 

Nov.,  1861,  Auburn 

Isaac  G.  Jordan,   Corp.,    E,    discharged 

Oct.,  1861,  Lewiston 

Samuel  M.  Thomas,  Mus.,  E,  discharged 

Oct.,  1861,  Durham 

E.  S.  Litchfield,  wagoner,  E,  Lewiston 

Alonzo  Adley,  E,  promoted  Serg.,  Lisbon 

Rodney  B.  Atwood,  E,  killed,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Bodge,  Corp.,  E,  Leeds 

Isaac  A.  Blethen,  E,  kd  Nov.  27,  ()3,  Durham 
Silas  R.  Cummings,  E,  Greene 

Lemont  Manning,  E,  Lewiston 

David  D.  Dresser,  E,  ,, 

Francis  Day,  E,  promoted  Serg.,  Durham 

Jeremiah  Day,  E,  Leeds 

Joseph  T.  Dennison,  E,disch  Oct.,  61,  Durliam 
Edward  Collins,  E,  Lewiston 

Henry  P.  Estes,  E,  ,, 

B.  Franklin  Frost,  E,  Durham 

Almond  L.  Foss,  E,  died  Sept.,  62,         Lewiston 
Adelbert  H.  Holland,  E, 
Daniel  Harvey,  Corp.,  E,  killed  atGaines 

Hill,  Durham 

Nathaniel  Haskell,  E,  Lewiston 

Samuel  O.  Hatch,  E,  disch  Oct.,  61,  ,, 

James  C.  Higgins,  E,  kd  May  3,  1863,  Lisbon 
Thomas  Higgins,  E,  disch  Oct.,  61,  Lewiston 
George  H.  Hamilton,  E,  died  of  wounds 

Nov.  14,  1863, 
Charles  E.  Jones,  E,  kd  May  10,  64,         Turner 
David  H.  Jones,  E,  Auburn 

Horace  E.  Kimball,  E,  Lewiston 

Lucius  L.  Lothrop,  E,  ,, 

Luther  Litchfield,  E, 

Lee  W.  Laugh  ton,  E,  ,, 

William  H.  Larrabee,  E,  ,, 

Luther  C.  Manlej',  E,  Auburn 

David  Given,  E,  ,, 

James  Maloney,  E,  Lewiston 

Walter  A.  Moulton,  E,  ,, 

Horace  H.  Moody,  E,  died  Aug.  30,  62,  Durham 
Levi  Marks,  E,  Lewiston 

Thomas  H.  Mason,  E,  ,, 

Henry  McCone,  E,         '  ,, 

James  G.  Purington,  E,  Lisbon 

Isaiah  C.  Purinton,  E,  ,, 

Isaiah  Randall,  E,  disch  Sept.,  61,  Lewiston 

Daniel  Sheehan,  E,  promoted  Corp.,  ,, 

Cyrenus  P.  Stevens,  Corp.,  E,  jiromoted 

1st  Serg.,  Greene 

Daniel  Sutherland,  E,  Durham 

David  Small,  E,  Danville 

John  L.  Verrill,  E,  Poland 

Charles  N.  Waterman,  E,  Durham 

John  Howard  Nason,  F, 


Henry  Whittingham,  E,  Lewiston 

Thomas  Ward,  E, 

John  Harvey,  E,  Auburn 

Preston  R.  Bryant,  E,  disch  July,  61,  ,, 

Andrew  J.  Lufkin,  Serg.,  disch  Sept., 

1861,  Lewiston 

Charles  E.  Coombs,  F,  Auburn 

Joseph  Charlton,  F,  disch  Aug.,  61,       Lewiston 
William  Connolly,  F,  „ 

Charles  Edwards,  F,  ,, 

Lyman  H.  Edwards,  F,  ,, 

John  Loney,  P,  ,, 

Elias  Malone,  F,  trans  K,  ,, 

R.  D.  Meridith,  F,  „ 

Melvin  A.  Perkins,  F,  Auburn 

Albion  R.  Stewart,  Corp.,  F,  Lewiston 

Sylvester  Smith,  F,  disch  Oct.,  61, 
Bernard  McGee,  F,  ,, 

Samuel  Gray,  F,  ,, 

Harry  M.  Stinson,  H,  Auburu 

Josiah  M.  Penley,  H,  Danville 

John  Binner,  H,  missing  in  action  May 

3,  1863,  Lewiston 

John  Conlin,  H,  ,, 

George  W.  Fargo,  I,  Turner 

James  Kelly,  I,  Lewiston 

Josiah  Thompson,  I,  ,, 

William  A.  Tobie,  Capt.,  K,  Poland 

Hamlin    T.   Bucknam,   Lieut,   K,   pro- 
moted Capt.,  Sept.  23,  1861,  Minot 
Smith  G.   Bailey,   Serg.,   K,   promoted 

Lieut,  H,  killed,  Poland 

John  J.  Bragdon,  Serg.,  K,  promoted  1st 

Serg., 
John  T.  Mason  Serg.,  K,  Lewiston 

Comfort  M.  Perkins,  Corp.,  K,  Minot 

Charles  E.  Harris,  Corp.,  K,  wounded, 

transferred  to  1st  Maine  Veterans,       Poland 
George  E.   French,  Serg.,  K,  killed  at 

Fredericksburg,  Auburn 

Charles  Andrews,  K,  missing  in  action 

May  3,  1863,  Minot 

Richard  Bailey,  K,  ,, 

John  F.  Bancroft,  K,  Poland 

William  A.  Campbell,  K,  Minot 

Charles  W.  Campbell,  K,  ,, 

Dudley  Chase,  K,  ,, 

Augustus  A.  Dwinal,  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Burbank  Spiller,  1st  Lieut,  K,  ,, 

George  A.  Durgin,  K,  Poland 

Joseph  Q.  Edmunds,  Corp.,  K,  Auburn 

Silas  Estes,  K,  died  Dec.  27,  1861,  Poland 

John  Fardy,  K,  Lewiston 

Solomon  Frost,  K,  ,, 

Ezra  M.  Goodwin,  K,  Minot 

William  H.  Grant,  K,  Poland 

Tristram  T.  Harris,  K,  ,, 

S.  Frank  Haskell,  K,  „ 


114 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Delmar  Harris,  K, 

Minot 

Albert  W.  Hines,  Corp.,  K, 

Turner 

Barney  Heany,  K, 

Lewiston 

Almond  H.  Hutchinson,  K, 

Minot 

Samuel  H.  Hutchinson,  K, 

,, 

Henry  H.  Hutchinson,  Corp.,  K, 

,, 

Silas  C.  Libby,  K, 

Poland 

Dan  Matherson,  K, 

Lewiston 

Donald  McDonald,  K, 

,, 

Charles  F.  McKenney,  K, 

Minot 

Beniah  Niles,  Jr,  K,  died  May  17, 

1863,  Auburn 

Marshall  S.  Phillips,  K, 

,, 

Charles  A.  Richardson,  K, 

Minot 

Alauson  W.  St  Clair,  K, 

Poland 

Horace  A.  Verrill,  K, 

,, 

George  H.  Trundy,  K, 

Minot 

Henry  C.  Weston,  Corp.,  K, 

,, 

William  A.  Campbell,  K, 

„ 

Elias  Maloon,  K, 

Lewiston 

Harrison  J.  Dwinal,  K, 

Minot 

Wellington  H.  Dwinal,  K, 

,, 

John  French,  K, 

Turner 

Levi    F.    Jordan,  K,   wounded,    trans- 
ferred to  1st  Maine  Veterans,  Poland 
Walter  S.  Witham,  E,  died  May  4,  62,    Lewiston 
James  L.  Baker,  E,  ,, 
John  Barnes,  ,, 
Hollis  Edwards,                                                 „ 
Isaac  G.  Jordan,  E,  ,, 
Charles  Dore,  K,                                              Minot 
Arthur  M.  Brown,  K,  ,, 
William  H.  Morse,  E,                                        ,, 
Edwin  Goss,  E,  died  July  27,  1862,        Lewiston 
Frank  S.  Goss,  E,                                        Danville 
Warren  Keen,                                                 Lisbon 
Henry  M.  Gould,                                            Greene 
James  M.  Atwood,                                   Livermore 
William  H.  Everett,  C,  died  May  14,  63,   Poland 
David  Jewell,  G,                                              ,, 
George  A.  Hodgkins,  K,  trans  V.  R.  C,        ,, 
William  E.  Morton,  E,  trans  U.  S.  N.,           „ 
Samuel  W.  Taylor,  E,                                  Wales 
Albert  L.  Deering,  Lieut,  1,   promoted 

to  Capt.,  H,  Webster 


S'ixth  Lifantry  Regiment.  —  This  was  organized  at  Portland  and  mustered 
into  the  national  service  July  15,  1861,  with  Abner  Knowles,  colonel ;  Hiram 
Burnham,  lieutenant-colonel;  Frank  Pierce,  major.  This  regiment  was  largely 
composed  of  stalwart  lumbermen.  It  went  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  was 
in  ten  general  engagements  and  innumerable  skirmishes;  in  three  battles  it 
led  the  attack  and  left  half  its  number  lying  on  the  field.  It  won  a  reputation 
for  unflinching  courage  and  bravery  which  caused  its  selection  for  especially 
dangerous  service.  Colonel  Knowles  resigned  his  commission  December  11, 
1861,  and  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Burnham.  Captain  Charles  H.  Chandler, 
of  (yonipany  A,  was  made  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Captain  Benjamin  F.  Harris, 
of  Company  C,  major.  Chandler  resigned  March  9,  1863,  and  Harris  became 
lieutenant-colonel,  the  major  being  Major  Joel  A.  Haycock,  killed  at  Fred- 
ericksburg, May  3,  1863.  He  was  succeeded  May  28,  1863,  by  Major  George 
Fuller.  Colonel  Burnham  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general,  and  Major  Fuller 
became  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Captain  Theodore  Lincoln,  Jr,  of  Company  F, 
major.  General  Burnham  was  killed  at  Chapin's  Bluff,  September  28,  1864. 
The  regiment  was  mustered  out  at  Portland,  August  15,  1864,  and  the 
veterans  and  recruits  transferred  to  the  Seventh  Maine.  Eben  W.  Foster,  of 
Company  H,  was  from  Lewiston,  and  M.  V.  B.  Gilmore,  of  Company  I,  was 
from  Turner.     He  died  November  25,  1862. 

Seventh  Infantry  Mcyhicnf. — This  was  raised  throughout  the  state.  At  its 
organization,  August  21,  1861,  Edwin  C.  Mason,  of  Portland,  was  colonel; 
Selden  Connor,  of  Fairfield,  lieutenant-colonel;  Thomas  W.  Hyde,  of  Bath, 
major;  Elijah  D.  Johnson,  of  Lewiston,  adjutant;  William  L.  Haskell,  of 
Poland,  first  lieutenant  of  Company  B ;  John  B.  Cook,  of  Lewiston,  second 


Military  Affairs. 


115 


lieutenant  of  Company  K.  The  regiment  left  the  state  August  23,  and 
arrived  in  Baltimore,  August  25.  While  here  the  Union  ladies  of  the 
city  presented  it  with  a  fine  stand  of  colors.  September  5,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Thomas  H.  Marshall,  of  the  Fourth  Maine,  was  appointed  colonel,  but  died 
October  25,  the  day  his  regiment  left  for  Washington.  His  earnest  character 
and  sterling  worth  had  endeared  him  to  all  associated  with  him.  In 
November,  the  Seventh  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  tenth 
Colonel  Mason  took  command.  This  regiment  was  in  many  memorable 
battles,  and  its  soldiers  were  honored  by  the  personal  thanks  of  General 
McClellan  for  bravery  and  good  conduct  at  Williamsburg,  in  these  words: 
"  You  and  your  comrades  arrested  the  progress  of  the  advancing  enemy,  saved 
the  army  from  a  disgraceful  defeat,  and  turned  the  tide  of  victory  in  our 
favor."  The  Seventh  gained  glory  at  Yorktown,  Williamsburg,  Mechanics- 
ville,  Golding's  Farm,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Crampton's  Pass,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  Gettysburg,  Wilderness,  and  Spottsylvania.  Its  numbers 
were  so  materially  decimated  by  battle  and  disease  that  in  October,  1862,  it 
was  sent  home  to  recruit.  January  25,  1863,  it  rejoined  its  old  command. 
December  1,  1863,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Connor  was  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  Nineteenth,  and  Major  Hyde  promoted  to  colonel,  and  Captain  James  P. 
Jones  promoted  to  the  majority  December  29,  1863.  After  many  sieges, 
marches,  and  battles,  the  Seventh  returned  to  Augusta,  and  September  5, 1864, 
those  soldiers  whose  term  of  service  had  expired  were  mustered  out  and  the 
others  consolidated  with  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  to  form  the  First  Veteran 
Infantry. 

ROSTER. 


Elijah  D.  Johnson,  Adjt,  Lewiston 

Albert  L.  Frye,  Hospital  Steward,  ,, 

Marcus  M.  Small,  K,  died.  East  Livermore 

William  L.  Haskell,  1st  Lieut,  B,    pro 

Capt.,  G,  wd  Antietam,  died  62,  Poland 

•Sumner  R.  Tarbox,  B,  Lewiston 

Hiram  M.  Hatch,  B,  ,, 

Thomas  A.  Galusha,  B,  Lisbon 

C.  K.  Hewey,  D,  Webster 

Veraaus  M.  Arno,  D,  Wales 

Charles  Doughty,  D,  Durham 

John  Lee,  D,  Lewiston 

William  B.  Rush,  D, 

William  Barrows,  F,  transferred  to  D,       Minot 
Silas  Crooker,  F,  transferred  to  D,  ,, 

Almon  L.  Crooker,  F,  transferred  to  D,  ,, 

George  W.  Verrill,  F,  transferred  to  D,  ,, 

George  G.  Saunders,  Serg.,  F,  ,, 

Mark  A.  Verrill,  F,  transferred  to  D,  ,, 

John  B.  Cook,  Lieut,   K,  promoted  to 

Capt.,  I,  Lewiston 

John  B.  Jennings,  Serg.,  K,  killed  May 

4,  1863,  Leeds 


Joseph  Hackett,  K, 

Greene 

John  W.  Adams,  K, 

Auburn 

John  F.  Adams,  K,  died  Oct 

17,  1862 

,, 

Charles  H.  Hatch,  K, 

„ 

Marcellus  F.  Cushman,  K, 

Leeds 

Jordan  G.  Carvill,  K, 

Lewiston 

Ezekiel  Hackett,  K, 

Greene 

Merrill  J.  Hibbard,  K, 

Lewiston 

George  F.  Hodgdon,  K, 

East  Livermore 

Winflield  S.  Norcross,  K, 

Livermore 

Hiram  Jenkins,  K,  died  Oct. 

19,  1862, 

Wales 

Sanford  K.  Knox,  K, 

Greene 

Jacob  Kimball,  K, 

,, 

James  W.  Libby,  Serg.,  K, 

Leeds 

William    H.    Larrabee,    K, 

promoted 

Adjt  and  1st  Lieut,  H, 

Danville 

Nathan  A.  Munroe,  K, 

Auburn 

Charles  W.  Merrill,  K, 

Lisbon 

Franklin  Peale,  K, 

Leeds 

Albert  M.  Rose,  K, 

,, 

John  Q.  Robbins,  K,  died  Oct.,  1862, 

,, 

Allen  F.  Plummer,  K, 

Wales 

William  F.  Record,  K,  died  Dec.  10, 1861,  Greene 


116 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Loring  C.  Record,  K,  Turner 
Henry  J.  Ricker,  K,  died  Jan.  20,  1862, 
Wansbron  Turner,  K,  died  Nov.  24, 1861,     Leeds 

Elbridge  P.  Wardwell,  K,  Greene 

William  H.  Whitney,  K,  Lisbon 
Joseph  P.  Getchell,  K,  died  Jan  24,  62,  Durham 

Dennis  Harris,  K,  Greene 

John  B.  Cook,  Capt.,  I,  Lewiston 

Aaron  L.  Hill,  I,  .. 

George  B.  Moor(!,  H,  Lisbon 

George  W.  McKenney,  K,  Greene 

Henry  Ricker,  K,  ,, 

Lyman  Besse,  K,  Lewiston 

James  B.  Blackstone,  K,  ,, 

Richard  Byrns,  K,  i, 

John  Collins,  K,  „ 

John  Daly,  K,  „ 

John  Dow,  K,  ,, 

Dennis  Downey,  K,  ,, 

John  Grant,  K,  >, 

Ashel  W.  Hutchins,  K,  „ 


Elijah  D.  Johnson,  Lieut,  K,  Com. 

21  Maine, 
James  McCabe,  K, 
Felix  McHannan,  K, 
John  Magner,  K, 

Patrick  Murphy,  K,  died  May,  1862, 
Increase  Gould,  K, 
James  H.  Woodward,  G, 
Francis  M.  Bragdon,  B, 
Edward  Sisk,  Serg.,  D, 
Charles  H.  Hodgdon,  G, 
Benjamin  F.  Mower,  I, 
James  Mohegan,  K, 
George  Morgan,  K, 
Lyman  E.  Besse, 
Karl  Yahr, 
J.  T.  M.  Lahrssen, 
Walter  E.  Randt, 
Robert  Huencke, 
Paul  H.  Ingensen, 


Col. 

Lewiston 


Lisbon 

Poland 

Lewiston 

Wales 

Greene 

Lewiston 


Auburn 


Ei;ihth  Maine  Infantrii.  —  This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Septem- 
ber 7,  1861.  Lee  Strickland,  a  patriotic  and  loyal  citizen  of  Livermore,  raised 
a  company  and  was  elected  colonel;  John  D.  Rust,  of  Camden,  was  lieutenant- 
colonel;  Joseph  S.  Rice,  of  Ellsworth,  major;  James  Dingley,  Jr,  of  Auburn, 
adjutant;  William  H.  Timberlake,  of  Livermore,  second  lieutenant  of  Company 
C.  The  regiment  left  the  state  September  10,  and  reported  to  Brigadier-General 
E.  L.  Viele,  at  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  December  14,  Colonel  Strickland  resigned, 
on  account  of  ill  health,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Rust  was  commissioned  colonel. 
February  14,  1862,  five  companies  were  ordered  to  Dawfuski  Island,  S.  C,  and 
May  1,  Colonel  Rust  was  ordered  to  report  at  Typee  Island,  about  five  miles 
distant.  Here  during  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Pulaski  the  most  exposed 
positions  were  assigned  to  Companies  D,  E,  F,  H,  and  I.  The  regiment  was 
mostly  employed  until  the  spring  of  1864  in  guard  duty  in  South  Carolina  and 
Florida,  and  suffered  much  from  exposure.  In  the  fall  of  1862,  when  the  first 
regiment  of  colored  troops  was  raised,  the  men  of  the  Eighth  were  warm 
espousers  of  their  enlistment  and  nearly  half  of  the  line  officers  of  the  first 
regiment  of  colored  troops  were  from  the  Eighth.  In  March,  1864,  316  vet- 
erans who  had  re-enlisted  received  a  furlough  of  thirty  days,  and  the  others, 
numbering  about  one  hundred  and  twenty,  were  mustered  out  at  Augusta, 
September  15,  1864.  This  regiment  actively  participated  in  the  bombardment 
of  Fort  Pulaski  (one  of  its  flags  was  the  first  to  be  raised  over  the  fort  after 
the  surrender),  siege  of  Charleston,  Drury's  Bluff,  battle  of  Coal  Harbor, 
Chapin's  Farm,  and  many  other  engagements.  The  flag  presented  by  Governor 
Hicks,  of  Maryland,  in  behalf  of  Mrs.  Viele,  was  borne  in  all  its  battles.  The 
officers  and  men  of  the  Eighth  were  not  excelled  by  any  in  the  service  for 
bravery  and  efficiency. 


Military  Affairs. 


117 


Colonel  Rust  was  mustered  out  August  19,  1864,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Henry  Boynton  became  colonel,  and  February  26,  1865,  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion, and  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  William  M.  McArthur.  In  the  United 
States  Official  Army  Register  it  is  stated  that  Lieutenant-Colonel  E.  W.  Wood- 
man was  discharged  May  6,  1862,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Joseph  F.  Twitchell, 
April  18,  186)3,  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Hemingway  resigned  February  16, 
1864,  and  Edward  A.  True  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  March  8, 1865. 

The  Eighth  was  mustered  out  of  the  United  States  service  at  Fort  Munroe, 
January  18,  1866,  and  discharged  at  Augusta,  January  25,  1866. 

ROSTER. 


Auburn 
died   of 

Livermoi-e 

Greene 


Lee  Strickland,  Col,  res  Dec.  14,  61,     Livermore 
Augustus  H.  Strickland,   Q.   M.,  Cora. 

Sept.  9,  LSfil, 
James  Dingley,  Jr.,  Adjt, 
Charles    F.  Monroe,   Lieut,  C 

wounds,  June  6,  1864,  C, 
Wm.  H.  Timberlake,  Lieut,  C, 
John  M.  Rohbins,  Q.  M.,  Serg. 
Thomas  A.  Kilgore,  Serg.,  C,  promoted 

Lieut,  died  Nov.  19,  1862,  Turner 

James  H.  Tunks,  Serg.,  C,  transferred 

to  D,  promoted  1st  Lieut,  I,  Auburn 

Wallace  Smith,  Serg.,  C,  Turner 

Levi  W.  Metcalf,  Serg.,  C,  promoted  1st 

Serg.,  promoted  Capt.  1st  S.  C.  Vols,        ,, 
Josiah  Libby,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 

William    W.    Sampson,   Corp.,   C,   pro- 
moted Serg.  and  Capt.  1st  S.  C.  Vols,         ,, 
Edward  Shurtleff,  Corp.,  C, 
Charles  E.  Cole,  Corp.,  C,  Livermore 

S.G.  Shurtleff,  Corp.,  C,  promoted  Serg., 

promoted  Lieut,  D,  ,, 

Dexter  Mitchell,  Corp.,  C,  promoted  2d 

and  1st  Lieut,  Danville 

Samuel  E.  Smith,  Mus.,  C,  Turner 

George    W.    Bean,    Mus.,    C,    died    in 

Andersonville  prison.  East  Livermore 

Sylvester  G.  Delano,  C,  Turner 

Charles  A.  Berry,  C,  East  Livermore 

Oscar  W.  Billings,  C,  Livermore 

Henry  O.  Brown,  C,  ,, 

Philip  H.  Briggs,  C,  died, 

B'ranklin  Bradford,  C,  died  Oct.  17,1862,  Turner 
Henry  Callahan,  C,  ,, 

Charles  Dorr,  C,  died,  Livermore 

H.  K.  Durfee,  C, 
Timothy  K.  DriscoU,  C,  transferred  1st 

U.  S.  Art.,  Lewiston 

Daniel  J.  Linscott,  B,  Auburn 

Wallentien  Kieler,  B,  Danville 

Samuel  Emerson,  Corp.,  C, 
George  E.  Fales,  Mus.,  C,  Turner 


Grin  M.  Godwin,  C,  Livermore 

Emulous  Godding,  C,  ,, 

Sylvester  Graves,  C,  East  Livermore 

Samuel  Holt,  C,  died  Aug.  22,  1862,  Turner 

James  Hartford,  C,  Livermore 

Gad  Hayford,  C,  Turner 

Augustus  Hayford,  C,  ,, 

A.  W.  Jackson,  C,  promoted  1st  Lieut, 

S.  C.  Vols, 
Elisha  Keen,  C,  „ 

Waldo  B.  Keen,  C, 
Leander  Kilbreth,   Serg.,   C,   promoted 

Lieut,  I,  Livermore 

George  W.  Mitchell,  C,  promoted  Q.  M. 

Serg.,  promoted  Adjt,  ,, 

Stanford  Mitchell,  C,  Danville 

Cyrus  E.  Metcalf,  C,  promoted  Corp.,  Turner 
Nathaniel  Nason,  C,  Auburn 

Edwin  T.  Quimby,  C,  promoted  Corp., 

died  May  11,  1862,  Livermore 

Abington  Ridley,  C,  East  Livermore 

Daniel  W.  Ross,  C, 

J.  Wesley  Ricker,  C  (Auburn),       ,,  ,, 

George  Raynes,  C,  Ijcwiston 

James  Smith,  C,  ,, 

William  B.  Smith,  C,  ,, 

H.  C.  Shaw,  C,  Turner 

Uzza  Thomas,  Serg.,  C,  ,, 

Enoch  L.  Tinkham,  C,  Auburn 

Charles  L.  Wyer,  C,  died  in  service,  Livermore 
John  A.  Dill,  A,  died  July  16,  1863,  Lewiston 
Peter  Neilson,  B,  Lewiston 

William  Briggs,  A,  Danville 

Delance  Young,  C,  Livermore 

Elmer  R.  Record,  C,  died  in  Salisbury 

prison,  Greene 

Joseph  M.  Fowler,  Danville 

Thomas  Mason,  Lewiston 

William  D.  Shurtleff,  Turner 

Jonathan  Ridley,  Corp.,  H,  Livermore 

Horace  C.  White,  Asst  Serg.,  resigned 

May  29,  1863,  Lisbon 


118 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Joseph  G.  Knowles,  A,  East  Livermore 

Edmund  Blake,  A,  Auburn 

Francis  C.  Rankin,  A,  >, 

William  Bickler,  C,  Livermore 
Timothy  B.  Niles,  C,  killed  in  action,        ,, 

Eben  M.  Jones,  A,  ,, 

Isaac  P.  Davis,  Serg.,  C,  Poland 

George  W.  Hnnnawell,  C,  ,, 

Isaiah  S.  Hunnawell,  C,  ,, 

Renselaer  Jillson,  C,  ,, 

Philemon  Harlow,  G,  Auburn 

Calvin  C.  Huzzey,  C,  ,, 

William  H.  Pottle,  C,  Lewiston 

Onsville  Record,  C,  Minot 

William  Stevens,  C,  Greene 


William  H.  Weymouth,  C,  Webster 

Isaac  Bearce,  E,  Lewiston 

Samuel  A.  Wilson,  E,  died  of  wounds, 

June  14,  1804,  Durham 

James  E.  Tarr,  F,  died  of  wounds  re- 
ceived May  16,  1864,  Lewiston 
James  DriscoU,  G,  killed  May  20,  1864, 
William  E.  Toothaker,  I, 
John  A.  Skinner,  G,  ,, 
Alex  Walton,  I,                                            Auburn 
Charles  O.  Freeman,  K,                               Poland 
John  G.  McKnight,  H,                             Lewiston 
Louis  A.  Waterman,  H,                         Livermore 
Jonathan  Ridley,  H,                                        ,, 
LeRoy  Stevens,  killed  at  Gettysburg,          ,, 


JVitttJi  Infantry  Regiment.  —  In  less  than  two  weeks  from  the  arrival  of  the 
first  company  at  Augusta,  the  Ninth  was  on  its  way  to  Washington,  numbering 
over  1,000  men.  It  was  mustered  into  United  States  service  September  22, 
1861,  for  three  years,  and  started  for  the  front  on  September  24.  The  field 
officers  were  Rishworth  Rich  of  Portland,  colonel ;  Colman  Harding,  of 
Gorham,  lieutenant-colonel;  Sabine  Emery,  of  Eastport,  major.  None  of 
the  officers  in  the  Ninth  were  from  Androscoggin  county.  January  8,  1862, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Harding  resigned,  and  Captain  Horatio  Bisbee,  of  Company 
I,  was  commissioned  in  his  place.  In  the  early  part  of  1863,  Colonel  Rich  was 
dismissed  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Bisbee  commissioned  colonel,  but  March 
19  he  resigned,  and  Colonel  Rich  was  reinstated.  He  resigned  May  27,  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Emery  was  promoted  to  colonel.  Major  Zina  H.  Robinson 
becoming  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Captain  George  F.  Granger  of  Company  A, 
major.  Colonel  Emery  resigned  May  25,  1864,  and  the  other  field  officers  were 
advanced.  Colonel  Robinson  resigned  August  16,  1864,  and  September  13 
was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Granger,  and  Captain  Robert  J.  Gray,  of  Company 
G,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  killed  in  battle  September  29, 
and  October  10  Major  Joseph  Noble,  originally  captain  of  Company  H, 
succeeded  him,  and  Captain  George  B.  Dyer  of  Company  B  became  major. 

The  Ninth  first  saw  service  at  Port  Royal,  S.  C,  and  made  a  brilliant 
record  in  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Florida.  The  glory  of  capturing  Morris 
Island  is  entirely  due  to  its  bravery.  August  25,  1863,  General  Gilmore  sent 
the  flags  captured  on  this  occasion  from  the  Twenty-first  South  Carolina 
Confederate  regiment  by  soldiers  of  the  Ninth,  to  Governor  Coburn,  with  a 
complimentary  letter.  In  the  abortive  attacks  on  Fort  Wagner,  317  men 
were  reported  killed,  wounded,  and  missing.  The  original  members,  with  the 
exception  of  tlie  re-enlisted  men,  who  numbered  nearly  430,  every  man  eligible 
to  enlistment  —  eighty  men — were  mustered  out  September  27,1864.  After 
a  furlough  of  thirty  days  in  March,  1864,  the  Ninth  was  transferred  to  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  where  it  did  gallant  duty  until  its  muster-out,  July  13, 
1865.     Colonel  Granger  was  bre vetted  brigadier-general,  June  12,  1865. 


Military  Affairs. 


119 


ROSTER. 


Henry  M.  Jordan,   Serg.,  B,   promoted 

2d  Lieut,  2d  S.  C.  Vols, 
Joseph  H.  Durgin,  Corp.,  B, 
Elliott  C.  Duran,  wagoner,  B, 
James  H.  Cutler,  Corp.,  B, 
Benjamin  F.  Estes,  Corp.,  B, 
James  F.  Goss,  B, 
Chase  M.  Harris,  B, 
William  Knights,  B, 
Phineas  Leach,  B, 
Isaac  B.  Martin,  B, 
Samuel  Smith,  B, 
Mark  Goodwin,  F, 
William  H.  Walker,  B, 
Warren  W.  Young,  B, 
Gilbert  T.  Johnson,  C, 
Cyrus  M.  Lord,  F, 
Ezra  Mitchell,  Jr,  F, 
John    Blake,    2d  Lieut,    F,    promoted 

Capt.,  C,  died  Nov.  9,  18G2, 
William  W.  Harlow,  F, 
Jesse  B.  Whitney,  F, 
Robert  W.  Carr,  K, 
Horace  A.  Wright,  K, 
James  B.  Walker,  K, 
Hiram  Beal,  B, 
Henry  D.  Bean,  A, 
Elias  Burgess,  A, 
Dennis  Corvine,  A, 
John  Donahue,  A, 
Joshua  S.  Spiller,  A, 
Adriel  Whales,  A, 
Thomas  J.  Segeberg,  A, 
John  E.  Worrey,  A, 
James  F.  Gerry,  B, 
Henry  Loriot,  B, 
Francis  H.  Reed,  B, 
Charles  H.  Roberts,  B, 
Samuel  A.  Temple,  C, 
Christopher  F.  Cox,  C, 
Isaac  A.  Whittemore,  C, 


Poland 
Poland 

Minot 

Durham 

Minot 

Poland 

Auburn 

Danville 

Minot 

Poland 

East  Livermore 

Lisbon 

Minot 


Turner 


Minot 

Lewistou 

Turner 

Auburn 


Auburn 
Lewiston 

Poland 

liCwiston 
Minot 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Minot 


Otis  S.  West,  C, 

Granville  N.  Wise,  C, 

Melville  W.  Chase,  E, 

Bradbury  Rollins,  E, 

George  L.  Allen,  F, 

Percival  D.  Herrick,  F, 

Nahum  Roberts,  F, 

Joseph  W.  Hodge,  F, 

Luther  E.  Davis,  F,  died  in  service, 

William  H.  Foss,  died  in  service, 

William  A.  Copelaud,  G, 

James  N.  Nason,  G, 

Charles  H.  Additon,  G, 

Oliver  P.  Dudley,  G, 

William  H.  Harris,  G, 

Henry  Jordan,  G, 

John  Forel,  H, 

George  F.  Blake,  C,  pro  Com.  Serg., 

Frederic  B.  Sweetser,  H, 

Stillman  Harvard, 

Charles  W.  Waterhouse,  H, 

Silas  E.  Libby,  H, 

Florentine  Butler,  I, 

John  Brooks,  I, 


Minot 


Poland 


Durham 

Minot 


Greene 
Poland 


Lewiston 

Lewiston 

Livermore 

Poland 


Lewiston 


William  R.  Small,  I,  died  in  service, 

David  S.  Small,  I,  died  in  service, 

George  Strout,  I, 

Winfield  A.  Winslow,  I, 

Horace  Perkins,  Chap., 

Horace  A.  Wright,  E, 

Nicholas  N.  Robertson,  G, 

Charles  K.  Sawyer,  G, 

John  J.  Sawyer,  G, 

John  Richardson,  H, 

John  C.  Gifford,  H, 

Henry  Huckius,  H, 

Alexander  W.  Lunt,  H, 

Lemuel  T.  Marshall,  F, 

Henry  M.  Stinson,  promoted  Lieut-Col, 

H,  Fifth  Regiment, 
Isaac  Verrill,  H, 


Minot 


Lewiston 
Minot 


Leeds 


Poland 


Minot 


Tenth  Infantry  Regiment.  —  A  portion  of  the  First  iMaine  was  the  basis  of 
this  organization,  formed  at  Cape  Elizabeth,  and  mustered  into  the  United 
States  service  October  4,  1861.  The  field  officers  were:  George  L.  Beal,  of 
Norway,  colonel;  James  S.  Fillebrown,  of  Auburn,  lieutenant-colonel;  Charles 
Walker,  of  Portland,  major.  Adjutant  Elijah  M.  Shaw  was  of  Lewiston. 
Several  of  the  companies  had  large  representations  from  this  county,  notably 
Companies  F,  H,  and  K.  Company  F  was  officered  by  William  Knowlton, 
captain;  Edward  S.  Butler  and  Abel  C.  Rankin,  lieutenants,  —  all  of  Lew- 
iston; Company  H,  by  Charles  S.  Emerson,  captain;  James  C.  Folsom  and 
Phineas  W.  Dill,  lieutenants,  —  all  of  Auburn.  Captain  George  H.  Nye,  of 
Company  K,  was  of  Lewiston.     He  became  brevet  brigadier-general. 


120 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


This  regiment  was  in  service  in  the  Potomac  and  Shenandoali  valleys, 
and  from  its  splendid  condition,  discipline,  and  drill  it  was,  it  is  said,  mistaken 
for  regular  troops  by  Stonewall  Jackson.  It  furnished  many  scouts.  It 
participated  fearlessly  and  well  later  in  many  of  the  hard-fought  battles  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  —  Winchester,  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock,  and 
Antietam  bear  testimony  to  its  valor.  Of  the  three  hundred  regiments 
composing  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  Tenth  was  one  of  eleven  which 
received  the  commendation  of  General  Hooker  for  showing  a  good  inspection 
report.  The  two-years'  men  were  mustered  out  May  7  and  8,  1863,  and  the 
Tenth  Maine  Battalion  was  formed  from  the  three-year  men,  and  November  1, 
1863,  it  was  transferred  to  the  Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  joining  it  at  Morganzia, 
Louisiana,  after  doing  much  severe  marching  along  the  Potomac  and 
|)articipating  in  the  campaigns  in  Pennsylvania  and  Tennessee. 


ROSTER. 


James  S.  Fillebrown,  Lieut-Col 

Auburn 

Elijah  M.  Shaw,  Adjt, 

Lewiston 

Horace  N.  Johnson,  Mus., 

Auburn 

Andrew  G.  Fitz,  Mus., 

Durham 

Charles  E.  Coleman,  Mua., 

Lewiston 

Joshua  B.  Newell,  Mus., 

,, 

Charles  O.  Warren,  Mus., 

,, 

Gilhert  H.  Bailey,  Mus., 

M 

Elisha  Gott,  Mus., 

)) 

Thomas  B.  Edgeconih,  Mus., 

,, 

Daniel  Davis,  Mus., 

Auburn 

Ad  on  i  ram  B.  Crafts,  Mus., 

,, 

Moses  Crafts,  Mus., 

,, 

Cyrus  Hall,  Mus., 

,, 

Justin  E.  Hill,  Mus.,  died  in  service, 

,, 

Augustus  L.   Littlefield,  Mus., 

died 

in 

service, 

,, 

Moses  P.  Merrill,  B, 

Turner 

Lorenao  Mayherry,  C, 

Minot 

Thomas  D.  Sturtevant,  C,  died  Aug. 

25, 

1862, 

Lewiston 

David  H.  Stevens,  C, 

Auburn 

Joseph  H.  Sawyer,  C, 

,, 

Joshua  B.  Goodwin,  C, 

J, 

Calmon  H.  Allen,  C, 

,, 

John  G.  Annis,  C, 

,, 

J.  Bailey  Goodwin,  C, 

,, 

James  Baker,  C, 

Lewiston 

Charles  Lancaster,  C.diod  Aug 

30,18()2,      „ 

Gorham  P.  McFaden,  C, 

^^ 

Wallace  E.  Cummings,  C, 

Poland 

Charles  H.  Thayer,  C, 

Turner 

John  L.  Hoyt,  E, 

East  Livermore 

L.  M.  Garcelon,  E, 

Andrew  J.  Walton,  E,  kd  May  25, 

G2, 

East  Livermore 

Ehen  C.  Whittemore,  E,  died. 

,, 

Durham 


Lewiston 


Auburn 
Lewiston 


John  A.  Putnam,  C,  East  Livermore 

William  Knowlton,  Capt.,  F,  Lewiston 

Edward  S.  Butler,  Lieut,  F, 

Abel  G.  Rankin,  Lieut,  F, 

Hardy  N.  Baker,  Serg.,  F, 

Charles   W.   Marston,   Serg.,   F,  killed 

Aug.  9,  18G2, 
Dan  S.  Fitzgerald,  Serg.,  F, 
George  H.  Gould,  Serg.,  F,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Haskell,  Lieut,  F, 
Alfred  Roberts,  Corp.,  F, 
James  Low,  Corp.,  F, 
Charles  W.  Heney,  Corp.,  F, 
Isaac  P.  Davis,  Corp.,  F, 
William  H.  Given,  Mus.,  F, 
Isaac  K.  Knowlton,  F, 
Nicholas  I.  Allen,  F, 
William  Burke,  F, 
Gu.stavus  A.  Dwelly,  F, 
Thomas  A.  Eastman,  F, 
Nicholas  L.  Foster,  F, 
Enoch  L.  Hall,  F, 
Andrew  Jackson,  F, 
Hugh  McGlinchy,  F, 
Alva  E.  Nichols,  F, 
William  A.  Pyor,  F, 
John  A.  Kiucaid,  F, 
Josiah  H.  Smith,  F, 
Charles  H.  Kennison,  F, 
James  E.  Covell,  F,  kd  Sept.  17, G2 
Amaziah  Grant,  F, 
Samuel  R.  Grant,  F, 
George  A.  Dockham,  F, 
Edwin  Record,  F, 
Henry  Stirk,  F, 
Euos  H.  Stevens,  F, 
John  W.  Townsend,  F, 


Durham 


Poland 
Turner 


Auburn 


Military  Affairs. 


121 


Benjamin  A.  Welch,  F,  .  Minot 

J.  Franklin  Raynes,  Serg.,  G,  Auburn 

Sewall  B.  Emery,  G.  Poland 

Charles  W.  Witham,  G,  died  July  24, 

1852,  Minot 

Charles  S.  Emerson,  Capt.,  H,  Auburn 

Elijah  M.  Shaw,  Capt.,  H,  Lewiston 

James  C.  Folsom,  1st  Lieut,  H,  killed 

Aug.  9,  1862,  Auburn 

George  W.  True,  1st  Lieut,  H,  died  of 

wounds,  Sept.  20,  1862, 
Granville  Blake,  1st  Lieut,  H, 
Phineas  W.  Dill,  2d  Lieut,  H, 
Benjamin  M.  Bradbury,  2d  Lieut,  H, 
Horace  Wright,  2d  Lieut,  H, 
Albert  W.  Freeman,  2d  Lieut,  H,  died 

of  wounds  Aug.  25,  1862,  Minot 

Alex  B.  Conant,  Serg.,  H,  Auburn 

Ivory  W.  Emerson,  Serg.,  H,  ,, 

Louville  Smith,  B,  transferred  to  Co.  I, 

Twenty-ninth,  Poland 

Nathaniel  Cash,  B,  transferred  to  Co.  I, 

Twenty-ninth,  ,, 

Charles  R.  Anderson,  Serg.,  H, 
David  A.  Jumper,  Serg.,  H, 
Stephen  R.  Estes,  Corp.,  H, 
Samuel  Webber,  Corp.,  H, 
George  W.  Harradon,  Corp.,  H, 
Benjamin  L.  Given,  Corp.,  H, 
Augustus  White,  Corp.,  H, 
Cyrus  D.  Wood,  Corp.,  H, 
Samuel  L.  Stevens,  Corp.,  H, 
W infield  S.  Wright,  Corp.,  H, 
Isaac  J.  Perry,  Mus.,  H, 
Cyrus  B.  Townsend,  Mus.,  H,  ,, 

Francis  M.  Allen,  H,  '     ,, 

Lewis  Bates,  H,  ,, 

Hugh  M.  Bradbury,  H,  kd  Sept.  17,  62, 
Charles  H.  Davis,  H,  ,, 

William  Dearth,  H,  „ 

Isaac  R.  Dillingham,  H,  ,, 

Robert  B.  Harris,  H,  ,, 

Oliver  Herrick,  H,  ,, 

Alonzo  F.  Morrill,  H,  ,, 

Adolphus  S.  Read,  H,  ,, 

Henry  J.  Ricker,  H,  died  Aug.  17,  1862,        ,, 
David  L.  Stetson,  H,  ,, 

Virgil  True,  H,  ,, 

Daniel  L.  Verrill,  H,  Auburn 

Isaiah  H.  Vickery,  H,  ,, 

Lewis  Warren,  H,  ,, 

John  Warren,  H,  ,, 

William  H.  Wentworth,  H, 
Lyman  H.  Wright,  H, 

Charles  F.  Marden,  H,  Danville 

Greenfield  F.  Libbev,  H,  kd  Aug.  9,  62, 
Greenlief  Sawyer,  H,  ,, 

Aug  M.  Vickery,  H,  ,, 


Lewiston 


Auburn 


Greene 
Auburn 


James  H.  Marston,  H,  Minot 
George  J.  Fuller,  H,  killed  Sept.  17,  1862,      „ 

Nelson  C.  Perry.  H,  „ 

Gilman  Rice,  H,  „ 

Edward  K.  Verrill,  H,  „ 
Edward  P.  Verrill,, H,  killed  Aug.  9,  1862,      ,, 

Charles  A.  Metcalf,  H,  Lisbon 

Isaiah  Kimball,  H,  ,, 

Asaph  H.  Witham,  H,  ,, 

Gladden  Bonney,  H,  Turner 

Charles  O.  Fargo,  H,  „ 

Charles  M.  Keen,  H,  „ 

Ezra  F.  Stevens,  H,  „ 

Joseph  Brooks,  H,  Lewiston 

Silas  Estes,  H,  „ 

Mark  Grover,  H,  ,, 
Azro  C.  Hibbard,  H, 
Dudley  F.  Sanborn,  H, 
Charles  H.  Wentworth,  H,  killed  Sept. 

17,  1862, 

John  Knowles,  H,  Greene 
Gideon  P.  Lowell,  H, 

Charles  Richardson,  H,  ,, 

George  H.  Parker,  H,  Durham 

Henry  A.  Batchelder,  I,  Lewiston 

George  H.  Nye,  Capt.,  K,  ,, 

Albert  E.  Kingsley,  Lieut,  K,  ,, 
Francis  H.   Pratt,  1st  Serg.,   K,  killed 

June  30,  1862, 

Almon  L.  Goss,  1st  Serg.,  K,  Danville 

James  Layden,  Serg.,  K,  Lewiston 

Charles  H.  Jumper,  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Jonathan  Nash,  Serg.,  K,  Auburn 

James  E.  Osgood,  Corp.,  K,  Lewiston 

Thomas  A.  Thorn,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Henry  H.  Ash  ton,  Corp.,  K,  „ 
John  A.  Willard,  Corp.,  K, 

John  R.  Morrill,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Martin  Fox,  Corp.,  K,  Auburn 

Albert  E.  Hanson,  Mus.,  K,  Lewiston 

Chester  H.  Thing,  Mus.,  K,  ,, 

Melvin  Woodcock,  K,  „ 

Frank  C.  Adams,  K,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Houghton  Bond,  K,  ,, 

Erasmus  D.  Clark,  K,  ,, 

Emery  E.  Larrabee,  K,  „ 

John  Lee,  K,  died  Oct.  9,  1862,  „ 

John  H.  Merrill,  K,  „ 

George  B.  Morrill,  K,  „ 

Henry  J.  Penney,  K,  ,, 

Benjamin  F.  Pray,  K,  ,, 

James  G.  Preble,  K,  ,, 

James  Guiney,  K,  „ 

William  M.  Hall,  K,  „ 

Ambrose  E.  Hammond,  K,  „ 

Thomas  B.  Hodges,  K,  „ 

Leonard  Jepson,  K,  „ 

Levi  B.  Johnson,  K,  „ 


122 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Marquis  F.  Joy,  K, 
Henry  II.  Smith,  K, 
James  Smith,  K, 
Joseph  B.  Smith,  K, 
Alonzo  Stevens,  K, 
David  D.  Tarr,  K, 
Thomas  Taylor,  K, 
Leroy  II.  Tobie,  K, 
Elias  S.  Webber,  K, 
George  D.  Whittum,  K, 
Ethan  Allen,  K, 
Horace  J.  Coburu,  K, 
John  F.  Quimby,  K, 
Aaron  A.  Simonds,  K, 
Hewitt  C.  Bailey,  K, 
Stephen  C.  Blackstone,  K, 


Lewiston 


Turner 


Minot 
Auburn 


Charles  S.  Raymond,  K,  died  Mar.  15, 62,  Auburn 

James  E.  Magner,  K,  ,, 

David  J.  Nash,  K,  •  „ 

Benjamin  Hutchinson,  K,  ,, 

George  P.  Wyraan,  K, 

Stillman  Bond.  K, 

Henry  T.  Frost,  K, 

Elmer  Chipman,  K, 

Nathan  Herrick,  K, 

Alonzo  G.  Frost,  K,  died  in  service, 

Asa  Reed,  K,  killed  Sept.  17,  1862, 

Augustus  Royal,  K, 

James  H.  Thurston,  K, 

Samuel  N.  Royal,  K, 

Albert  P.  Hodsdon,  K, 


Greene 

Poland 

Lisbon 
Danville 


Wales 


ROSTER   TENTH    MAINE   BATTALION. 


James  Guiney,  A, 
E.  E.  Larrabee,  A, 
James  G.  Preble,  A, 
Leonard  Jepson,  A, 
Samuel  N.  Royal,  A, 


Lewiston 


James  H.  Thurston,  A,  Danville 

Isaiah  H.  Vickery,  Corp.,  B,  Auburn 

William  H.  Gordon,  B,  died  July  27, 

1863,  Livermore 

Dudley  F.  Sanborn,  B,  Lewiston 


Eleventh  Infantry  Eef/imcut.  —  This  regiment  was  organized  October  11, 
1861,  at  Augusta,  where  it  was  mustered  into  United  States  service  November 
12.  John  C.  Caldwell,  of  East  Machias,  was  colonel;  Harris  M.  Plaisted,  of 
Bangor,  lieutenant-colonel;  William  M.  Shaw,  of  Portland,  major.  Colonel 
Caldwell  was  made  brigadier-general  April  28,  1862,  and  left  the  regiment, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Plaisted  becoming  colonel,  and  Major  Shaw  lieutenant- 
colonel.  The  last  named  ofificer  resigned  September  16,1862.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Robert  F.  Cam})bell  resigned  May  23,  1863,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Winslow 
P.  Spofford  died  of  wounds  June  17,  1864.  Colonel  Plaisted  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  February  21,  1865,  and  was  discharged  March  25,  1865. 
April  16,  1865,  Colonel  Jonathan  A.  Plill*  took  command  of  the  Eleventh,  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Charles  P.  Baldwin  and  ^lajor  Henry  C.  Adams  were 
commissioned  to  their  offices  May  1  of  the  same  year. 

This  was  a  fighting  regiment,  took  efficient  part  in  some  of  the  bloodiest 
contests  in  which  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  engaged,  and  its  men  displayed 
the  intrepidity  and  firmness  of  veterans.  Lee's  Mills,  Williamsburg,  Chicka- 
hominy.  Fair  Oaks,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Harrison's  Landing,  all  testified  to 
their'gallant  bravery,  while  they  aided  in  many  another  momentous  encounter. 
General  Nagle  gave  them  this  merited  meed  of  praise:  "  Yours  is  the  honor 
of  having  been  the  first  to  pass  and  the  last  to  leave  the  Chickahominy.  And 
while  you  led  the  advance  from  this  memorable  place  near  Richmond,  you  were 
the  last  in  the  retreating  column,  when,  after  seven  days  of  constant  fighting. 


'Later  brevetted  brigadier-general. 


Military  Affairs. 


123 


it  reached  a  place  of  security  and  rest  at  Harrison's  Landing."  Later  at 
Morris  Island,  S.  C,  and  in  the  Army  of  the  James  it  won  added  honors  and 
suffered  great  losses.  In  the  heavy  and  sanguinary  engagements  around 
Bermuda  Hundred,  at  Deep  Bottom  and  Deep  Run,  in  front  of  Petersburg,  at 
Second  Fair  Oaks,  it  performed  deeds  of  valor  and  vras  a  credit  to  the  state. 
November  2,  1864,  12  commissioned  officers  and  130  enlisted  men  returned  to 
Maine  on  expiration  of  time  of  service,  100  more  had  re-enlisted,  and  this  was 
all  that  was  left  of  the  original  number.  After  General  Caldwell  was  assigned 
to  General  Howard's  brigade  he  led  it  in  all  the  battles  of  the  Peninsula  cam- 
paign, after  Fair  Oaks,  never  losing  a  gun,  color,  or  inch  of  ground.  In  the 
retreat  to  Harrison's  Landing  his  command  was  in  six  battles  in  three  days, 
marching  all  night  after  fighting  all  day.  At  Antietam  it  drove  a  much 
superior  force  of  Confederates  and  captured  seven  stands  of  colors  and  300 
prisoners,  a  larger  number  of  both  than  was  taken  by  any  other  brigade  in  the 
army.  The  regimental  organization  was  mustered  out  at  City  Point,  Va, 
February  2,  1866. 

ROSTER. 


James  A.  Scoulhir,  Corp.,  F,  supposed 


killed  May  31,  18(>2, 

Lewiston 

James  Donnovan,  F, 

,, 

Harmon  I.  Dill,  F, 

Auburn 

William  H.  Doughty,  F, 

Lewiston 

James  Lang,  F,  died  in  service, 

,, 

Kenneth  McCanley,  F, 

,, 

John  Maloney,  F,  transferred  to  A, 

,, 

Harrison  N.  Plaise,  F, 

,, 

James  Rutherford,  F, 

jj 

William  A.  Smith,  F, 

J, 

Samuel  C.  Webber,  F,died  Oct. 

19, 1862,      „ 

John  Barrett,  F, 

,, 

B.  Franklin  Morrill,  F,. 

East  Livermore 

M.  P.  Chase,  F,  killed, 

,, 

John  Smith,  F, 

,, 

Hiram  C.  Cui-tis,  F,  died 

July  1 

1862, 

Minot 

Seth  C.  Welch,  F, 

,, 

Albion  A.  Drake,  F, 

,, 

Edwin  W.  Davis,  F, 

Lisbon 

David  T.  Graffam,  F, 

Theron  Kelly,  F, 

II 

Sullivan  H.  Penley,  H, 

Danville 

Luther  H.  Morgan,  H, 

,, 

George  H.  Lord,  H,  died 

May  16 

,  1862, 

Auburn 

George  P.  Moody,  H, 

,, 

Nathaniel  Moody,  H, 

,, 

Joseph  Doms,  K, 

,, 

Joseph  C.  Bray,  F, 

Poland 

Nathan  P.  Downing,  Serg.,  F, 

Sidney  F.  Downing,  F, 

Charles  F.  Davis,  F, 

Oscar  D.  Wilbur,  Corp.,  C, 

Frank  Bubier,  D,  died  of  wounds  Sept. 


Minot 


Lewiston 


Auburn 
Lewiston 


Leeds 


13,  18G4, 
John  Hall,  D,  killed  Aug.  14,  1864 
Leonard  C.  Judkins,  D, 
George  A.  Beals,  E, 
Ellison  Libby,  F, 
Charles  H.  Winter,  F, 
George  H.  Balkam,   Corp.,  F,   died  in 

service, 
Enoch  T.  Fish,  F, 
George  A.  Goody,  F,  killed  May  15, 1864,  Lisbon 
Otis  B.  George,  F,  East  Livermore 

Augustus  S.  George,  F,  ,,  ,, 

Charles  B.  Keith,  F,  Auburn 

J.  G.  S.  Littlefield,  F,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Sewell  L.  Chamberlain,  G,  wounded  and 

missing,  June  3,  1864,  ,, 

Ellis  A.  Briggs,  H,  died  Sept.  25,  64, 
Azel  W.  Drake,  H. 
Euseb  Degreeney,  I, 
John  B.  Laroche,  A, 
Abel  Mahomet,  A, 
James  Morrissey,  C, 
Francis  Fylan,  H, 


Lewiston 

Minot 

Poland 

Auburn 

Poland 

Danville 


Twelfth.  Infantry  Regiment.  —  This  regiment  was  mustered  into  United 
States  service  at  Portland,  November  16,  1861,  for  three  years.  It  was 
designed  for  service  in  General  B.  F.  Butler's  expedition  for  the  capture  of  New 
Orleans,  and  occupancy  of  the  Mississippi  Gulf  region.     Tlie  entire  regiment 


124 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


was  enlisted  in  three  weeks'  time.  Its  colonel  was  George  F.  Shepley,  one  of 
the  ablest  and  most  eloquent  lawyers  in  Maine.  Its  lieutenant-colonel  was 
William  K.  Kimball,  of  Paris.  David  R.  Hastings,  of  Lovell,  was  major.  Edwin 
Illsley,  of  Lewiston,  was  adjutant. 

The  Twelfth  commenced  its  course  of  gallantry  at  Manchac  Pass,  where 
six  companies  destroyed  railroad  communication  between  New  Orleans  and 
Jackson,  and  captured  a  large  amount  of  stores  and  ordnance.  Colonel 
Shepley  was  appointed  military  commandant  of  New  Orleans  after  its  capture, 
serving  in  that  office  until  promoted  to  brigadier-general  and  appointed  mili- 
tary governor  of  Louisiana.  In  1864  he  was  transferred  to  Norfolk,  Va,  to 
act  in  the  same  capacity  there.  July  17,  1862,  Major  Hastings  tendered  his 
resignation.  The  lieutenant-colonel  was  soon  commissioned  colonel,  and  held 
the  command  until  mustered  out  December  7,  1864,  at  expiration  of  service. 
He  was  re-commissioned  colonel,  April  10,  1865,  as  was  Major  Gideon  A.  Hast- 
ings, who  had  also  been  mustered  out. 

After  faithful  service  and  participation  in  the  battles  of  Irish  Bend,  Port 
Hudson,  and  Donaldsonville,  the  regiment  troops  were  sent  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  attached  to  tlie  Army  of  the  James,  and  lost  one-fourth  its  number 
in  tlie  blood}^  battle  of  Winchester.  Later  at  Cedar  Creek  it  lost  nearly  as 
heavily.  The  regiment  has  a  good  record.  It  was  prompt  and  trusty,  never 
wanting  in  courage,  invariably  chosen  for  arduous  and  perilous  service,  and 
complimented  by  every  general  under  whom  it  served.  The  original  members 
who  did  not  re-enlist  were  mustered  out  December  7,  1864,  and  the  veterans 
and  recruits  consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  four  companies  and  retained  in 
service.  Six  new  unassigned  companies  organized  at  Portland  in  February  and 
March,  1865,  to  serve  one,  two,  and  three  years,  were  assigned  to  the  Twelfth, 
which  was  stationed  at  Savannah.  These  companies  were  mustered  out  in 
February  and  March,  1866,  and  the  whole  organization  April  18,  1866. 


ROSTER. 


Edwin  Illsley,  Adjt,  pro  Lieut-Col,        Lewiston 

Almon  L.  Gilpatrick,  Corp.,  A,  trans- 
ferred Bat.  12  Me,  Lisbon 

Franklin  Martin,  Corp.,  A,  Danville 

Silas  E.  Field,  B,  trans  Bat.  12  Me, 

Frederic  D.  Daggett,  C,  transferred  Bat. 

l-'5  Me,  Auburn 

William  D.  Edwards,  C,  transferred  Bat. 

12  Me,  Lewiston 

Henry  W.  Carvill,  D, 

Charles  Kimball,  F,  Lisbon 

Stephen  B.  Packard,  Lieut,  G,  pro- 
moted Capt.,  B,  Auburn 

William  A.  Bcarce,  1st  Serg.,  G,  pro- 
moted 1st  Lieut, 

Samuel  L.  Brown,  G,  Minot 

Darius  Holt,  G, 


James  R.  Holt,  G,  Minot 

John  R.  Anderson,  K,  died  Feb.  8,  62,    Durham 
Eleazer  W.  Jordan,  K,  ,, 

Blaney  C.  Allen,  K,  ,, 

W.  H.  H.  Roberts.  K, 
George  B.  Hasey,  K,  transferred  to  First 

Maine  Bat.,  Lisbon 

Royal  A.  Bray,  G,  trans  to  K,  pro  Lieut,    Turner 
Artemas  Bubier,  A,  Webster 

Thomas  Daroll,  B,  died  Sept.  21,  1864,  Lewiston 
Charles  Patnawd,  B,  died  July  11,  1864,      „ 
Calvin  L.  Edwards,  C,  trans  12  Me, 
Octavius  Forge,  C,  trans  to  Bat.  12  Me,  ,, 

Thomas  Odee,  C,  trans  to  Bat.  12  Me,  ,, 

Peter  Dagle,  K,  trans  to  Bat.  12  Me,  ,, 

Louis  Dubar,  K,  trans  to  Bat.  12  Me,  „ 

Robert  Swett,  K,  ,, 


Military  Affairs. 


125 


ROSTER   BATTALION    AND    NEW   TWELFTH    REGIMENT. 


Almon  L.  Gilpatrick,  A,  Lisbon 

Artemas  Bubier,  A,  Webster 

William  D.  Edwards,  C,  Lewiston 

Calvin  L.  Edwards,  C, 

Octavius  Forge,  C, 

Thomas  Odee,  C, 

Peter  Dagle,  D, 

Louis  Dubar,  D, 

Silas  E.  Fields,  Corp.,  D,  Danville 

Liicien  P.  Gould,  D, 

Robert  Swett,  D,  Lewiston 

Alexis  Adams,  D,  Auburn 

Henry  O.  Childs,  D,  '  Livermore 

William  Karvin,  A,  Minot 

Frank  McKenley,  B,  Turner 

John  C.  Mower,  C,  Greene 

Sylvester  F.  Jordan,  Lieut,  E,  Lisbon 

Elbridge  W.  Oakes,  1st  Serg.,  E,  Auburn 

Benjamin  D.  Bryent,  F,  Webster 

Kendall  Pollard,  Lieut,  G,  Lewiston 

Joseph  Brierly,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Raphael  Gay,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

George  H.  Stinchfield,  G,  ,, 

Jefferson  S.  Bailey,  G,  ,, 

Robert  J.  Bailey,  G,  ,, 

Charles  F.  Churchill,  G, 

Charles  D.  Cates,  G,  ,, 

William  P.  Douglass,  G,  ,, 

William  E.  Elder,  G,  „ 

Eben  W.  Elder,  G, 

Henry  Fellows,  G,  „ 

Russell  S.  Foss,  G, 

Eben  Goodridge,  Jr,  G,  East  Livermore 


Elisha  B.  Lovejoy,  G,  East  Livermore 

William  Beal,  G,  Greene 

El  wood  S.  Dailey,  G, 

George  W.  Kalner,  G,  Poland 

Ripley  T.  McCully,  G,  Auburn 

Charles  H.  Piper,  G,  Turner 

William  F.  Jordan,  G,  Lewiston 

Elliot  King,  G, 

Abram  A.  Larrabee,  G,  died  in  service,      ,, 

John  Loring,  G,  ,, 

Joseph  Nelson,  G,  „ 

Charles  E.  Roberts,  G,  „ 

Frank  J.  Thompson,  G,  ,, 

George  Vosmus,  G,  Lewiston 

John  H.  Wing,  G,  died  in  service,  ,, 

William  H.  Larrabee,  2d  Lieut,  H,  ,, 

William  H.  Sawyer,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 

John  R.  Allen,  H,  „ 

William  Gilpatrick.  H,  ,, 

Louville  G.  Lord,  H,  ,, 

John  B.  Sanders,  H,  ,, 

Albert  B.  Trollop,  H, 

Lorenzo  Buck,  H, 

A.  K.  P.  Dixon,  H, 

John  McFarland,  H, 

Jacob  A.  Field,  1st  Lieut,  K, 

Robert  A.  Field,  Serg.,  K, 

Herbert  N.  Adams,  K, 

Charles  W.  Campbell,  K, 

John  Q.  Mason,  K, 

George  A.  Pray,  K,                           ,,  ,, 

James  S.  Small,  K,  Minot 

Frank  White,  K,  Leeds 


Auburn 
Wales 


Lewiston 


Auburn 
East  Livermore 


Thirteenth  Infantr//  .Re;/tment.  —  According  to  tlie  official  United  States 
Army  Register  this  regiment  was  mustered  into  United  States  service  at 
Augusta,  December  13,  1861.  It  was  commanded  by  the  eminent  Neal  Dow 
as  colonel;  Henry  Rust,  Jr,  of  Norway,  lieutenant-colonel;  Frank  S.  Hesseltine, 
of  Waterville,  major.  Wayne  W.  Blossom,  of  Turner,  was  quartermaster- 
sergeant,  John  S.  C.  Ham,  of  Lewiston,  second  lieutenant  of  Company  C,  and 
Waldo  A.  Blossom,  of  Turner,  first  lieutenant  of  Company  F.^  February  18, 
1861,  the  regiment  left  for  Ship  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  where  it  did 
guard  duty  until  July  5,  and  although  suffering  in  the  meantime  terribly  from 
disease,  damaged  stores  and  provisions.  General  Weitzel  said  he  had  never  seen 
better  soldiers.  April  28,  1862,  Colonel  Dow  was  promoted  to  brigadier- 
general,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Rust  to  colonel.  Major  Hesseltine  to  the  lieu- 
tenant-colonelcy, and  Captain  Abernethy  Grover  to  major.  The  Thirteenth 
remained  in  the  department  of  the  Gulf,  winning  honorable  mention  in  many 
places,  notably  the    captures  of  Point  Isabel,  Mustang  Island,  Aranzas  Pass, 


1  Resigned  April  12, 1862. 


126 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  Fort  Esperanza,  at  Matagorda  Peninsula,  Pleasant  Hill,  etc.  For  some 
time  Colonel  Rust  was  president  of  the  enrolling  board,  and  provost  marshal  of 
the  second  congressional  district  of  Louisiana.  July  1, 1864,  the  regiment  was 
ordered  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  its  service  was  passed  in  garrison 
and  picket  duty  at  Martinsburg,  Va,  the  base  of  supplies  for  General 
Sheridan's  army.  155  enlisted  men  were  mustered  out  at  Augusta,  January  6, 
1865,  and  282  re-enlisted  men  and  82  recruits  were  soon  organized  into  a 
battalion  and  transferred  to  the  Thirtieth  Maine.  Colonel  Dow,  after  becoming 
general,  held  important  commands,  was  taken  prisoner  in  Louisiana,  and 
suffered  severely  in  confinement  at  Richmond  and  elsewhere  during  his  long 
captivity.     He  acquitted  himself  in  all  his  duties  with  eminent  ability. 

ROSTER. 


David  S.  Stinson,  Q.  M.,  died  July  8,  62,  Auburn 
Wayne  W.  Blossom,  Q.  M.  Serg.,  Turner 

Alfred    E.   Buck,   Capt.,   C,    promoted 

Lieut-Col  colored  troops,  Lewiston 

John  S.  P.  Ham,  Lieut,  C, 
Daniel   F.   Smith,    Serg.,   C,   promoted 

Capt.  colored  troops,  Turner 

Henry  H.  Dudley,  Serg.,   C,   promoted 

2d  Lieut  colored  troops,  Lewiston 

Albert  N.  Ames,  Serg.,  C,  pro  1st  Serg.,      ,, 
Charles  E.  Hanson,  Mus.,  C,  died  May 

19,  1864, 
Wesley  Carvill,  C,  „ 

Robert  England,  C,  ,, 

Albert  Foss,  C,  „ 

William  H.  Graffam,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 

Maurice  S.  Hussey,  C,  „ 

Daniel  M.  Johnson,  C,  ,, 

Charles  A.  Litchfield,  C,  died  July  6, 64,      ,, 
Anthony  Morgan,  C,  ,, 

Tobias  Meader,  C,  ,, 

George  T.  Storer,  C, 
Augustus  O.  Fish,  C,  trans  from  G, 
John  C.  Steele,  C, 
Almon  L.  Crooker,  C,  died  Au}2 
Samuel  Cotton,  C, 
Gideon  Hammond,  C, 
Josiah  Jones,  C, 
William  B.  Webber,  C, 
Jeremiah  Osgood,  E, 
Waldo  A.  Blcssom,  Lieut,  F, 
Andrew  C.  Pettingill,  Serg.,  F, 
Lucius  Harlow,  Corp.,  F, 
Benjamin  A.  Elwell,  Corp.,  F,  promoted 

Serg.,  died  Apr.  20,  1863, 
Auburn  Merrill,  Corp.,  F,  prQ  Serg., 
Joseph  O.  Nichols,  Corp.,  F.,  ])ro  Serg., 
William  Anderson,  F, 
William  F.  Bird,  F,  died  Aug.  20,  1862, 
Win.slow  Conant,  F,  died  in  service, 


Durham 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

20,  1862,  Miuot 

Lisbon 


Durham 

Turner 

Auburn 


Henry  S.  Drake,  F,  Auburn 

Asbury   W.    Foss,    F,   promoted    Com. 

Serg.,  U.  S.  C.  T., 
Enoch  Grant,  F,  died  July  3,  1863,  ,, 

George  W.  Pierce,  F,  ,, 

Jonathan  E.  Piper,  F,  ,, 

John  O.  Smith,  F, 

Charles  L.  Connor,  Mus.,  F,  Lewiston 

Joseph  Andrews,  Serg.,  F,  ,, 

Charles  Arris,  F,  ,, 

James  Gilpatrick,  F,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Hilton,  F,  ,, 

John  McNulty.  F,  „ 

John  O'Brion,  F,  ,, 

John  Plunket,  F, 
William  P.  Arris,  F, 
Lewis  Beals,  Corp.,  F, 
Daniel  J.  Linscott,  Corp.,  F, 
Rufus  P.  Hackett,  F, 
Cyrus  A.  Stinchfield,  F, 
Henry  Records,  F, 
C.  Winthrop  Jordan,  F, 
John  S.  Brown,  F, 
Harrison  D.  Lowell,  F, 
James  R.  Lowell,  Corp.,  C,  died  Sept. 

12,  1863, 
Leonard  H.  Beal,  F, 
Charles  H.  Dyer,  F, 
Albert  G.  Dunham,  F, 
George  F.  Jordan,  F,  died  in  service, 
Bennett  B.  Fuller,  F, 
James  F.  Ayer,  F,  ,, 

Charles  Hodsdon,  F,  Wales 

Isaac  G.  Rackley,  G,  died  Dec.  25,  1863,  Greene 
Isaac  Johnson,  K,  died  Oct.  12,  1864,  Turner 
William  F.  Sawyer,  K,  Minot 

Amos  Maines,  C,  Webster 

James  N.  Dunn,  A,  transferred  from  I,  Lewiston 
Joseph  Blackstone,  F,  Auburn 

W.  F.  Haradon,  F,  died  in  service,  ,, 


Danville 


Auburn 
Danville 


Greene 


Poland 

East  Livermore 

Lisbon 


Minot 


Military  Affairs. 


127 


Charles  E.  Haradon,  F,    ,  Auburn 

James  M.  Ramsdell,  F,  ,, 

Freeman  L.  Jackson,  F,    .  ,, 

Joshua  Harmon,  F,  Wehster 

Adelbert  I.  Clark,  G,  Greene 
George  R.  Sleeper,  I,  transferred  to  H,  Lewiston 

George  H.  Clark,  Mus.,  I,  ,, 

Luther  Litchfield,  C,  ,, 

John  P.  Murphy,  C,  ,, 


Charles  L.  Newton,  C, 
Osgood  Ramsdell,  C, 
Jesse  F.  Sweat,  C, 
Daniel  Severance,  C, 
Isaac  D.  Tarr,  C, 
Mark  Ham,  H, 
Edwin  Moulton,  Corp., 


C, 


Benjamin  Harrington,  G, 


Lewiston 


Greene 
Lisbon 


Fourteenth  Infantry  Reii'tinent. — The  Fourteenth  was  organized  at  Augusta, 
in  December,  1861,  to  serve  three  years.  Frank  S.  Nickerson,  of  Searsport, 
was  colonel;  Elias  Milliken,  of  Burnham,  lieutenant-colonel;  Thomas  W. 
Porter,  of  Bangor,  major.  In  February,  18()2,  the  regiment  started  for  the 
Department  of  the  Gulf,  where  it  won  laurels  at  Baton  Rouge,  St  Charles 
Court  House,  Civiquis  Ferry,  Port  Hudson,  and  in  other  service.  From  the 
investment  of  Port  Hudson  until  its  surrender  there  was  not  a  night  in  which 
the  regiment  was  not  represented  in  active  duty  in  the  trenches,  as  skirmishers, 
pickets,  or  sharpshooters.  Colonel  Nickerson  was  appointed  brigadier-general 
November  29,  1862,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Porter,  who  was  advanced  from 
major  on  the  resignation  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Milliken,  June  2,  1862,  became 
colonel,  and  Major  Charles  S.  Bickmore  succeeded  to  his  office,  Captain  Albion  K. 
Bolan,  of  Company  F,  rising  to  the  majority.  January  1,  1864,  all  of  the  available 
men  but  forty  re-enlisted,  and  February  10  the  Fourteenth  sailed  for  New 
York  and  was  furloughed.  Rendezvousing  again  at  New  Orleans,  March  26,  it 
was  soon  sent  to  Bermuda  Hundred,  Va,  wliere  it  joined  the  Army  of  the 
James,  and  later  was  sent  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  Here,  in  General  Sheri- 
dan's campaign,  it  lost  one-third  its  numbers  in  killed,  wounded,  and  prisoners, 
many  men  falling  at  Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill,  Opequan,  and  Cedar  Creek, 
among  them  Lieutenant-Colonel  Bickmore.  December  23  those  whose  term  of 
service  had  expired  were  ordered  to  Maine,  and  the  re-enlisted  men  and 
recruits,  numbering  over  300  men,  were  consolidated  into  four  companies. 
The  old  organization  of  the  Fourteenth  was  mustered  out  Januarj'  13,  1865. 
Six  unassigned  com[)anies  from  Maine  were  united  with  the  veterans  in  April, 
1865,  and  the  whole  retained  the  name  of  Fourteenth  until  mustered  out 
August  28,  1865.  The  last  field  officers  were  Albion  K.  Bolan,  colonel ;  John 
K.  Laing,  lieutenant-colonel ;  Joseph  M.  Wiswell,  major. 

Abbott  says  in  his  "History  of  Maine":  "There  seems  to  have  been  but 
little  rest  for  this  regiment  by  day  or  night.  Marchings  and  battles  were 
incessant.  From  May  to  August  they  were  without  tents.  However  severe 
the  storm  they  had  no  shelter.  Their  only  camp  equipage  was  their  camp- 
kettles  carried  in  their  hands.  It  seems  strange  that  men  could  endure 
such  hardships  and  live."  General  Weitzel  wrote  in  high  commendation  of 
its  valor. 


128 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


William  S.  Brown,  B,  Livermore 

Charles  H.  Sawyer,  F,  Lewiston 

William  M.  Perkins,  Serg.,  G,  Poland 

Joseph  T.  Jordan,  '2d,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Jonathan  Crooker,  G,  died  Sept.  26,  (52,         ,, 
Chipman  Cobb,  G,  ,. 

Marshall  C.  Cobb,  G,  died  Nov.,  1862, 
George  W.  Herrick,  G,  ,, 

Bloomfield  Herrick,  G,  ,, 

Freeland  M.  Herrick,  G,  promoted  Serg., 

died  Sept.  8.  1862, 
Lewis  J.   Morton,  G,   promoted   Serg., 

promoted  Lieut,  B,  ,, 

Newton  E.  Stowe,  Corp.,  G,  trans  to  B,         ,, 
Charles  E.  Stront,  G,  ,, 

Augustine  Wallace,  G,  died  Jan.  20,  62,        ,, 
Charles  H.  Moody,  G,  Minot 

Adna    T.   Cushman,   G,   transferred  to 

14th  Maine  Bat.,  Auburn 


Ebenezer    A.   Libbey,    Corp.,    H,   died 

May  25,  1862,  Leeds 

Daniel  Brown,  H,  Livermore 

Eliphalet  C.  Morse,  Corp.,  H,    died  of 

wounds  Nov.  5,  1864,  ,, 

John  Timberlake,  H,  ,, 

Edward  F.  Chase,  H,  East  Livermore 

Clarence  G.  Haskell,  H,  killed,      ,,  ,, 

Charles  Walker,  H,  Turner 

John  F.  Pinkham,  K,  Lewiston 

Alfred  B.  Ridlon,  Corp.,  K, 
George  W.  Knight,  Serg.,  F,  promoted 

2d  Lieut  in  U.  S.  C.  T.,  Lewiston 

Henry  O.  Trafton,  F,  „ 

Charles  B.  Davis,  G,  Minot 

Joseph  Davis.  G,  died  March,  18()3,  „ 

Barton  H.  Ross,  K,  Lewiston 

Frank  Smith,  F,  ,, 

Wilmot  P.  S^ordan,  H, 


ROSTER   BATTALION    AND   NEW   FOURTEENTH    REGIMENT. 


Frank  Smith,  A,  Lewiston 
Lewis  J.  Morton.  Serg.,  B,  pro  2d  Lieut,  Poland 
Jo.seph  H.  Rounds,  Capt.,  A,  tr  from  H,  Danville 

Newton  E.  Stowe,  B,  Poland 

Alfred  B.  Ridlon,  C,  Lewiston 

Joseph  Bertram,  C,  Auburn 

John  Harris,  C,  ,, 

John  McHugh,  C,  ,, 

Charles  Napier,  C,  ,, 

John  Osborn,  C,  ,, 

Jeremiah  Murphy,  D,  ,, 

Wilmot  P.  Jordan,  A,  Lewiston 

Edwin  E.  Emery,  D,  ,, 
Andrew  Jackson,  D,                      East  Livermore 

Patrick  Smith,  D,  Lewiston 

George  E.  Bordwell,  Corp.,  F,  Greene 
Daniel  P.  Eaton,  F, 

James  D.  Towle,  F,  Leeds 

Joseph  H.  Freeman,  Capt.,  H,  Minot 

John  C.  Murdough,  Serg.,  H,     -  ,, 

Samuel  O.  Partridge,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 

Charles  Arris,  H,  ,, 

Joseph  H.  Bowker,  H,  ,, 

John  Starbird,  H,  „ 
Charles  A.  True,  H, 

Jordan  G.  Carvill,  1st  Lieut,  H,  Leeds 

Azel  A.  Burnhauj,  H,  ,, 

Alfred  C.  Webber,  Serg.,  H,  Lisbon 

John  A.  Douglass,  H,  killed,  ,, 

George  W.  Jordan,  H,  ,, 
Charles  W.  Shea,  H, 

Charles  Richardson,  Serg.,  H,  Lewiston 

Henry  Bonney,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 
John  Butler,  H, 


Calvin  Carvill,  H,  Lewiston 

David  S.  Davis,  H,  „ 

Albion  G.  Hayford,  H, 

Henry  Hutchings,  H,  ,, 

Floran  Jordan,  H,  ,, 

Flavel  R.  Jordan,  H,  ,, 

Ephraim  S.  Litchfield,  H, 

Charles  W.  Leslie,  H,  ,, 

Fifield  A.  Luce,  H, 

Francis  Niles,  H,  ,, 

John  Ranks,  Jr,  H,  ,, 

Rufus  Wright,  H, 

Joseph  Rounds,  Lieut,  H,  pro  Capt.,  A,   Poland 

George  W.  Berry,  H,  died  July  18,  1865, 

Isaac  Cole,  H,  died  June  10,  1864,  „ 

Hanson  S.  Cousens,  H,  ,, 

Norris  Greenwood,  H,  ,, 

John  B.  Hunnewell,  H,  „ 

Albert  W.  Harris,  H, 

Edwin  D.  Jewell,  H,  „ 

Silas  E.  Libby,  H,  „ 

Alex  W.  Lunt,  H, 

William  H.  Merrill,  H, 

Francis  E.  Mayberry,  H,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Par.sons,  H,  pro  Hsp.  Steward,     ,, 

Thomas  Verrill,  H, 

Jona.  L.  Tobie,  H,  ,, 

Daniel  McKay,  H,  ,, 

John  C.  Pendexter,  H,  ,, 

William  Corbett,  I,  Turner 

Thomas  Roustin,  I,  ,, 

George  A.  Roberts,  I,  Lewiston 

Peter  McGuire,  I,  ,, 

James  W.  Libby,  Capt.,  K,  Leeds 


Military  Affairs. 


129 


James  Carver,  K, 
Stephen  W.  Grant,  K, 
George  E.  Gilbert,  K, 
Lloyd  A.  Gilbert,  K, 


Leeds 


David  Morse,  K, 
Herbert  Hunton,  Serg.,  K, 
John  P.  R.  Sleeper,  K, 
Charles  C.  Durgin,  Serg.,  K, 


Leeds 


Poland 


Fifteenth  Infaiitry  Regiment.  —  The  material  of  tliis  very  effective  regiment 
was  taken  largely  from  Aroostook,  Washington,  and  Penobscot  counties.  It 
was  organized  at  Augusta  in  December,  1861,  and  mustered  into  United  States 
service  January  23,  18()2,  for  three  years,  with  John  McCluskey  of  Houlton, 
colonel;  Isaac  Dyer  of  Skowhegan,  lieutenant-colonel;  and  Benjamin  Hawes  of 
Ashland,  major. 

March  (3  the  Fifteenth  left  Portland  to  join  the  Department  of  the  Gulf  at 
Ship  Island,  and  was  there,  at  New  Orleans  and  Carrollton  until  September  8. 
August  25  Colonel  McClusky  resigned,  and  Major  Hawes  also  resigned  Sep- 
tember 9.  The  field  officers  were  now  Colonel  Isaac  Dyer,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Benjamin  B.  Murray  (originally  captain  of  Company  A),  Major*  Franklin  M. 
Drew  (originally  captain  of  Company  G).  From  Carrollton  the  regiment  went 
to  Pensacola,  where,  until  June,  18(>3,  it  was  encamped,  Colonel  Dyer  being  in 
command  of  the  troops  in  West  Florida,  Forts  Pickens  and  Barrancas  being 
included.  In  its  first  year  of  service  out  of  962  enlisted  men  it  lost  329  by  deser- 
tion, discharge,  and  death,  and  had  never  been  in  battle.  June  21  it  was  ordered 
to  New  Orleans,  joined  the  Texas  expedition  of  General  Banks  in  October,  and 
its  flag  was  the  first  unfurled  on  Texas  soil.  General  Ransom  selected  the 
Fifteenth  and  Thirteenth  Maine  to  lead  the  advance  of  his  expedition  against 
the  rebels  at  Mustang  Island  and  Forts  Semines  and  Esperanza.  Here  the 
Fifteenth  rendered  gallant  service  and  was  complimented  by  the  general  com- 
manding. It  was  a  part  of  the  army  of  occupation  of  Texas  until  February 
28,  marching  the  whole  length  of  the  sea-coast  of  the  state,  and  suffering 
severely  from  exposure.  It  was  then  made  a  part  of  General  Banks's  Red 
River  expedition  in  which  it  marched  over  700  miles  in  two  months,  taking 
conspicuous  part  in  the  heavy  battles  of  Sabine  Cross  Roads  and  Pleasant  Hill, 
and  participating  in  actions  at  Cane  River  Crossing  and  Mansura  Plains. 

In  June  it  was  ordered  to  New  Orleans,  in  July  went  to  Fortress  Monroe, 
where  six  companies  were  sent  to  Bermuda  Hundred,  while  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Murray  and  Major  Drew,  in  command  of  the  other  four  companies,  participated 
in  the  campaign  against  Early's  raiders.  The  regiment  (reunited  at  Monocacy 
Junction,  August  4,)  was  furloughed  August  10  for  thirty-five  days.  The 
Fifteenth  served  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  until  after  Lee's  surrender,  when 
it  was  stationed  in  different  parts  of  South  Carolina.  Here  its  officers  were 
largely  employed  as  provost-marshals,  provost-judges,  members  of  courts-mar- 
tial and  military  commissions,  and  agents  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau.  This 
regiment  was  in  service  longer  than  other  Maine  regiments,  not  being  mustered 
out  until  July  5,  1866.     Majors  Drew  and  Whittemore  were  discharged  in 


130 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


1865.     The  field  officers  at  close  of  service  were  Lieutenant-Colonel  Benjamin 
B.  Murray  and  Major  John  R.  Coates. 


ROSTER. 


Charles  Dennett,  Serg.,  B,  Lewiston 

Alonzo  Rogers,  Mus.,  B,  Lisbon 

N.  A.  Beal,  B,  ,, 

Leeman  H.  Bard,  B,  ,, 

B.  Franklin  Hisgins,  Corp.,  B,  Webster 

Andrew  Bubier,  B,  promoted  Serg.,  ,, 

Mariner  T.  Green,  B,  drowned  Mar.  (i, 

1803,  Lisbon 

John  L.  Higgins,  B,  "Webster 

James  S.  Metcalf,  B,  died  Jan.  26,  1864,        „ 
William  H.  Metcalf,  B, 

Josiah  Bragdon,  D,  died  Jan.  27,  1862,      Poland 
William  Berry,  D,  died  July  13,  1863, 
James  W.  Duran,  D,  died  Dec.  27,  1861,        ,, 
Humphrey  S.  Edwards,  D,  died  Apr.  1, 

1862, 
Luke  Jillson,  D,  died  Jan.  14,  1803, 
Daniel  Orr,  D,  ,, 

Joshua  Edwards,  D,  died  Aug.  17,  1802,        ,, 
George  Storer,  H,  died  Aug.  3, 1862,        Auburn 
Joseph  Brimijoin,  Lisbon 

Otis  H.  Douglass,  B,  died  June  6,  1862,         „ 
Edwin  C.  Douglass,  B,  ,, 

Michael  Tobin,  I, 
Nelson  W.  Edwards.  D, 
Richard  Edwards,  D, 
Alexander  Brown,  D, 
Henry  F.  Brickett,  A, 
Edward  Pearsons,  D, 
Benjamin  F.  Brown,  Lieut,  G,  ,, 

George  Anderson,  A,  Turner 


Lewiston 
Poland 


Lewiston 
Livermore 


Albert  C.  Currier,  A, 
James  Smith,  K, 
Jesse  B.  Austin,  D, 
Thomas  Cunningham,  C, 
Patrick  Deehan,  C, 
Chase  M.  Harris,  C, 
Henry  Lane,  C, 
Martin  McNilf,  C, 
George  P.  McCarty,  C, 
Daniel  Patterson,  C, 
James  Sullivan,  C, 
Hira  A.  Archibald,  D,  died 
William  Bunnell,  D, 
Edward  H.  Gilson,  D,  died 
Alonzo  Impy,  D, 
Lendall  Knight,  D, 
Frank  Silvia,  E, 
Michael  Barnes,  F, 
John  Sullivan,  F, 
William  Fitzgerald,  F, 
John  Iveson,  Corp.,  G, 
George  L.  Fogg,  K, 
William  H.  Babb,  G,  died, 
John  Colbert,  G, 
Thomas  Fisher,  G, 
Harper  C.  McKeen,  G, 
Oliver  Forney,  G, 
Patrick  Kelly,  G, 
Charles  E.  Shirley,  G, 
Lewis  Morrin,  H, 
John  Williams,  H, 


Lewiston 

Wales 
Lewiston 

Poland 

Greene 

Lisbon 

Minot 

Turner 

Auburn 

in  service,     Poland 

Lewiston 


in  service. 


Minot 

Leeds 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Lewiston 

Minot 

Lisbon 


East  Livermore 
Poland 


Turner 

Minot 

Turner 

Poland 

Minot 


Sixteenth  Infantry  Rcjihiietit.  —  In  May,  18(i2,  recruiting  was  commenced  for 
this  organization,  whicli  was  mustered  into  United  States  service  at  Augusta, 
August  14, 1862.  The  men  came  from  all  parts  of  the  state.  The  field  officers 
were  Asa  W.  Wildes,  colonel;  Charles  W.  Tilden,  lieutenant-colonel;  Augustus 
B.  Farnham,  major.  Marshall  S.  Smith,  of  East  Livermore,  was  second  lieu- 
tenant of  Company  C;  Archibald  D.  Leavitt,  of  Turner,  captain  of  Company  E. 
Company  1  was  in  command  of  William  H.  Waldron,  of  Lewiston,  captain; 
William  Bray,  of  Turner,  first  lieutenant ;  Charles  C.  Garcelon,  of  Lewiston, 
second  lieutenant. 

August  19  the  Sixteenth  left  Augusta  for  Washington,  went  into  camp  at 
Arlington  Heights  on  arriving  there,  and  received  drill  in  heavy  artillery 
tactics  as  well  as  light  infantry,  but  the  exigencies  of  the  war  soon  caused  it  to 
be  ordered  into  the  field  in  light  marching  order  to  resist  the  invasion  of 
Pennsylvania.  The  knapsacks  and  overcoats  were  left  behind  and  later  sent 
to  Washington.     For   nearly  three  months   the   regiment   marched,   counter- 


Military  Affairs. 


131 


marched,  and  did  duty  without  a  tent  to  protect  the  men  from  cold  or  storm, 
and  the  only  covering  they  had  was  the  boughs  of  trees  and  an  occasional 
bunch  of  corn-stalks,  while  for  eleven  weeks  they  had  no  change  of  undercloth- 
ing. The  death-roll  and  casualities  reduced  the  number  to  less  than  700,  while 
of  these  250  were  on  the  sick  list.  This  was  the  more  unbearable  as  all  sur- 
rounding regiments  were  supplied  with  everything  needed  for  comfort.  At 
last  the  men  were  properly  equipped  and  called  to  demonstrate  their  valor  on 
the  battlefield.  How  well  that  was  done,  official  records  testify.  The  roll  of 
honor  numbers  among  others  the  battles  of  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock,  Mine  Run,  Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania,  Laurel  Hill,  North  Anna,  Tolopotomoy,  Bethesda  Church, 
Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad,  Hatcher's  Run,  Gravelly  Run,  and  South  Side 
Railroad.  In  some  of  these  its  loss  was  nearly  fifty  per  cent,  of  its  numbers, 
while  at  Gettysburg  in  three  days,  out  of  248  who  were  counted  for  duty,  all 
were  lost  except  seventeen.  Colonel  Wildes  resigned  January  7,  1863.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Tilden  who  was  taken  prisoner,  and  escaped  from  a 
nine-months'  captivity  through  the  famous  tunnel  of  Libby  Prison.  Major 
Farnham  became  lieutenant-colonel  Februarj'-  14,  18(33,  and  was  brevetted 
colonel  April  1,  1865.  Major  Leavitt  died  May  31,  1864,  from  wounds  received 
at  Laurel  Hill,  and  Major  Abner  R.  Small  succeeded  him  in  office.  The  regi- 
ment was  mustered  out  June  5,  1865,  and  the  recruits  transferred  to  the 
Twentieth. 

ROSTER. 


Uriah  Balkam,  Chaiilain,  Lewiston 

Hosea  D.  Manley,  Serg.-Maj.,  Auburn 

Luther  E.  Burgess,  Wag.,  B,  Turner 

Everett  G.  Ford,  B, 

Charles  A.  Adkins,  B,  died  Dec.  5,  62,  ,, 

Joseph  W.  Richardson,  B,  ,, 

Benj.  F.  Hutchinson,  B,  kd  Feb.  7,  6.5,  Lewiston 
Marshall  S.  Smith,  1st  Lieut,  C,  East  Livermore 
Columbus  A.  Whitney,  C,  Turner 

Nathan  Bartlett,   Jr,  C,  died   Dec.   10, 

1863,  East  Livermore 

Orville  Brown,  C,  ,,  ,, 

Calvin  Beals,  C,  ,,  ,, 

David  H.  Hinds,  C,  died,  ,,  ,, 

Dorillus  Hobbs,  Corp.,  C,  died,      ,,  ,, 

N.  J.  Sanford,  C, 


James  Ridley,  C, 

,,             ,, 

James  N.  Brown,  Corp.,  C, 

»»                           M 

Smith  Hilton,  D, 

Lewiston 

Thomas  Mason,  D, 

jj 

Lorenzo  Rourke,  D, 

,, 

Nelson  A.  Lane,  I), 

Poland 

Adrian  (J.  Roberts,  I>, 

Minot 

Arch  D.  Leavitt,  Capt.,  E,  pro  Maj.,  died 

May  31,  1864,  of  wds.  Turner 

Aubrey  Leavitt,  Serg.,  E,  pro  1st  Lt,  B,       ,, 


Jones    Whitman,   Corp.,    E,  pro  Serg., 

pro  1st  Lieut,  Turner 

Otis  Hood,  Wag.,  E, 
Seth  H.  Alden,  E, 
Sidney  A.  Allen,  E, 
Luther  Bradford,  Serg.,  E, 
Curtis  V.  Fales,  E,  died  Oct.  12,  63, 
f4eorge  C.  Harmond,  E, 
Calvin  M.  Heywood,  E, 
Frank  M.  Merrill,  Mus.,  E,  died  Dec. 

21,  1862, 
Isaac  J.  Monk,  E, 
Sarson  C.  Pratt,  E, 
Sampson  A.  Thomas,  E, 
Charles  P.  Winship,  E, 
Joseph  G.  Lamb,  Corp.,  E,  pro  Serg.,  Leeds 

Charles  R.  Berry,  E,  died  of  wds  Dec. 

25,  1862, 
John  A.  Buruhara,  E,  ,, 

Ebenezer  Curtis,  2d,  E,  ,, 

Francis  George,  E,  ,, 

George  G.  Hussey,  E,  ,, 

RoUin  F.  Jennings,  E,  trans  to  .5  Me  Bat.,        ,, 
(ieorge  H.  Peare,  E,  ,, 

Samuel  W.  Pettengill,  E,  trans  to  V.  R.  C,      ,, 
Granville  Richmond,  E,  ,, 


132 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


William  W.  Wheeler,  E,  Leeds 
Frank  Wiggin,  Serg.,  H,  Lewiston 
Wm  H.  Waldron,   Capt.,  I,  pro  Capt. 

andA.  Q.  M., 

Charles  A.  Garcolon,  Lieut,  I,  ,, 
Kdwin  K.  Hall,  Serg.,  I, 

E.  Freeman  Higgins,  1st  Sgt,  I,  died,  ,, 

Charles  R.  Anderson,  I,  ,, 

Edward  Hayes,  I,  ,, 

John  r.alvin,  I,  trans  Vet  Kes  Corps,  „ 

Hiram  W.  Loring,  1,  ,. 

Amos  Nevins,  I,  ,, 

Patrick  O'Neil,  I,  ,, 

Josejih  W.  I'armenter,  I,  ,, 

iMathew  Roberts,  I,  trans  5  JSIe.  Bat,  ,, 

Sebastian  S.  Vose,  I,  ,, 

William  Bray,  l,st  Lieut,  I,  Turner 

Freeman  H.  Farris,  I,  ,, 

Stewart  Holmes,  I,  ,, 
Orlando  A.  Jones,  I,  miss  in  act  at  Fred'b'g,    ,, 

George  T.  Piper,  I,  ,, 

Thomas  L,  Roberts,  I,  ,, 

William  B.  Staples,  I,  ,, 
Albert  Potter,  Serg.,  I,                               Webster 

George  W.  Jordan,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 

George  B.  Haskell,  Serg.,  I,  ,, 

Octavius  K.  Cloudman,  I,  ,, 

Benj.  B.  Crockett,  I,  trans  to  V.  R.  C,  ,, 

Benj.  F.  Garcelon,  I,  died  a  rebel  pris,  ,, 

Ephraim  L.  Jordan,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 

Francis  A.  McKinney,  I,  ,, 
Aden  A.  Niles,  I,  died  Dec.  2(),  03, 

Oliver  Stover,  I,  died  a  rebel  prisoner,  ,, 

R.  N.  Waterman,  I,  ,, 
Zelotus  Rowe,  Serg.,  I,  died  in   Libby 

Prison,  Lisbon 

Africa  P.  Cotton,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 
Nath  Gilpatrick,  Corji.,  I,  kd  Fred'b'g, 

Dec.  13,  62,  „ 
Isaac  A.  Blake,  I,  kd  Fred'b'g,  Dec  lo,  (52,      ,, 

Andrew  A.  Cotton,  I,  trans  V.  R.  C,  ,, 

Blanchard  ('otton,  I,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Benj.  F.  Farrar,  I,  trans  Vet  Res  Corps,  „ 

Thomas  J.  Gould,  Serg.,  I,  ,, 

Silas  C.  Gould,  I,  kd  Dec.  13,  18(i2,  ,, 

Daniel  Small,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 

Nelson  H.  Wade,  1 ,  trans  Vet  Res  Corps,  ,, 
Charles  Wescott,  I, 

Hosea  D.  Manley,  I,  pro  Serg.-Maj.,        Auburn 

Geo.  S.  Boutelle,  I,  died  in  service,  ,, 

George  D.  Marston,  Corp.,  I,  pro  Serg.,  ,, 
Noah  Jordan,  Mus.,  I, 
John  F.  Lewis,  I, 

Wilbur  F.  Mower,  Serg.,  I,  pro  2d  Lt,  Greene 


Jabez  P.  Pratt,  Serg.,  I,  pro  1st  Lt,  K,      Greene 

Araunah   H.    Briggs,  Corp.,  I,   died  in 

rebel  prison,  ,, 

Edward  P.  Dyer,  I,  ,, 

George  W.  Frost,  I,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Orison  W.  Hackett,  I,  ,, 

William  Johnson,  I,  died  Oct.  23,  62,  ,, 
William  H.  Michaels,  I,  died  Feb.  18,  63,       ,, 

Lora  S   Patten,  I,  died  Mar.  2,  65,  ,, 

Pilugene  S.  Mower,  I,  „ 

Edwin  H.  Nason,  I,  ,, 

Charles  W.  Allen,  I,  Livermore 

James  P.  Beals,  I,  Durham 

William  Davis,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 

Jeremiah  Estes,  I,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Henry  Hackett,  I,  ,, 

George  G.  Leavens,  I,  ,, 

Daniel  Perry,  I,  died  Mar,  28,  63,  Minot 

William  H.  Miller,  C ,  Lewiston 

Charles  D.  Ryder,  D,  Danville 

George  Bryan,  D,  Lewiston 

Michael  J.  Barrett,  D,  ,, 
Sylvanus  G.  Glover,  D,  miss  in  act  June 

6,  1864, 
James  H.  Houlahan,  D,  trans  to  20  Me,       ,, 

George  T.  Davis,  E,  trans  to  20  Me,  Turner 

John  Ellis,  E,  Lewiston 
Daniel  Witherell,  E,  trans  V.  R.  C, 

Edwin  M.  Jewell,  E,  Wales 

Timothy  Coharn,  G,  trans  to  20  Me,  Lewiston 
Augustus  A.  Sutherland,  G,  tr  20  Me,       Lisbon 

John  Clark,  H,  Lewiston 

Charles  Fisher.  H,  ,, 

William  J.  Linscomb,  H,  ,, 

John  Boyd,  I,  ,, 
William  Brown,  I,  died  in  Andersonville,     ,, 

Roscoe  Chandler,  I,  died  Apr.  7,  64,  ,, 

Charles  McGowan,  I,  ,, 
Charles   H.   Thompson,   I,   died  a  pris 

Nov.  30,  65, 
Fred  W.  West,  I,  died  Dec.  22,  63, 

George  R.  Grover,  K,  ,, 

David  H.  Stevens,  K,  ,, 

Frank  Manley,  A,  trans  from  K,  Auburn 

Thomas  Stewart,  A,  trans  to  F,  ,, 

Charles  C.  Getchell,  A,  Durham 

John  Kelley,  B,  trans  to  20  Me,  Auburn 

Richard  Libby,  B,  died  Jan.  29,  65,  ,, 

Jonathan  Allen,  C,  trans  to  20  Me,  Livermore 

John  Driscoll,  C,  trans  to  20  Me,  Auburn 

Charles  W.  Wright,  C,  Danville 

William  Tendall,  D,  Auburn 

George  H.  Gould,  H,  trans  from  A,  Lewiston 

William  C.  Hall,  Minot 


Seventeenth  Infantry  /iff/inwnt.  — This  body  was  enlisted  from  Andros- 
coggin, Cumberland,  Oxford,  and  York  counties,  and  was  mustered  into 
United  States  service,  August  18,  1862.     It  left  Maine  August  21  for  Wash- 


Military  Affairs. 


133 


ington,  and  was  engaged  in  garrison  duty,  in  perfecting  its  drill,  and  in 
various  camps  until  the  winter  campaign  of  18()2-3.  Thomas  A.  Roberts, 
of  Portland,  was  colonel;  Charles  B.  Merrill,  of  Portland,  lieutenant-colonel; 
and  George  W.  West,  of  Fort  Kent,  major.  Company  C  was  officered  by 
Captain  Augustus  Golderman,  of  Minot;  Otho  W.  Burnham,  of  Poland,  first 
lieutenant ;  Joseph  A.  Perry,  of  Portland,  second  lieutenant.  The  captain  and 
first  lieutenant  of  Company  D  were  Captain  Isaac  S.  Faunce  and  Lieutenant 
Milton  M.  Young,  both  of  Lewiston.  The  Seventeenth  first  engaged  in  battle 
at  Fredericksburg,  where  it  drove  the  charging  Confederates  back  to  their 
intrenchments  in  such  a  manner  as  to  elicit  compliments  from  General  Berry 
for  its  steadiness  under  fire.  It  would  be  pleasurable  to  linger  over  the 
brilliant  record  of  this  gallant  organization.  It  was  in  the  hottest  of  the 
historic  engagements  of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  the  Cedars,  Gettys- 
burg, Orange  Grove,  Auburn,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Po  River,  Spottsylvania, 
North  Anna,  Tolopotomoy,  Coal  Harbor,  and  at  and  arouiul  Petersburg, 
Weldon  Railroad,  Hatcher's  Run,  etc.  Ill  health  caused  tlie  resignation  of 
Colonel  Roberts,  June  2, 1863.  Major  West  was  mustered  as  colonel,  November 
26,  wounded  at  the  Wilderness  May  0,  brevetted  brigadier-general  December 
2,  1864,  and  discharged  April  17,  1865.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Merrill  was 
mustered  out  October  7,  1864.  The  recruits  of  the  Third  Maine  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  Seventeenth,  June  4,  1864.  February  18,  18(55,  Company  D, 
Second  United  States  Sharpshooters,  was  transferred  to  this  regiment,  and 
consolidated  with  its  several  companies.  The  members  of  the  Seventeenth, 
whose  terms  of  service  expired  previous  to  October,  1865,  were  mustered  out 
June  4,  1865,  and  the  others  consolidated  with  the  First  Maine  Heavy 
Artillery.  At  this  time  the  field  officers  were  Colonel  Charles  P.  Mattocks 
and  Lieutenant-Colonel  William  Hobson. 


ROSTER. 


Henry  L.  K.  "Wiggin,  Surgeon,  Auburn 

Augustus  Goldermann,  Capt.,  C,  Minot 

Asa  L.  Downs,  Serg.,  C,  ,, 

George  E.  Perry,  Corp.,C,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Edwin  G.  Parsons,  Mus.,  C,  ,, 

Alexander  Campbell,  C,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Samuel  Davis,  Jr,  G,                        ■  ,, 

Setb  B.  Day,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 

George  A.  Durgin,  Corp.,  C,  pro  Sgt,  ,, 

James  L.  Fuller,  Corp.,  C,  kd  in  action,  ,, 

Elmer  D.  Hackett,  C,  „ 

William  H.  Hersey,  C,  ,, 

Hosea  Knowlton,  C,  ,, 

George  F.  Perkins,  C,  ,, 

Addison  B.  Pratt,  C,  ,, 

George  F.  Sawyer,  C,  ,, 

Chas.  W.  Strout,  C,  tr  Vet.  Res.  Corps,  ,, 

Orin  Wbittemore,  C,  ,, 


Otho  W.  Burnham,  Lieut,  C,  Poland 

Edward  H.  Fuller,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 

Cyrus  T.  Pratt,  Corp.,  C,  kd  in  action,  ,, 

Stephen  W.  Gammon,  Mus.,  C,  ,, 

George  G.  Bridgham,  (",  ,, 

Horace  J.  Brown,  C,  tr  to  1st  H.  A.,  ,, 

Edward  S.  Chipman,  C,  ,, 
Allen  M.  Churchill,  C,  tr  Vet  Res  Corps, 
Cephas  B.  Cobb,  C,  died  Aug.  22,  G2, 
Chas.  Daisey,  C,  kd  May  23,  (J3, 

Chas.  M.  Dockham,  C,  tr  to  1st  H.  A.,  ,, 

James  T.  Donald,  C,  died  Mar.  12,  (13,  ,, 
George  B.  Dunn,  Sgt,C,  pro  2d  Lt,  Co.  B,     „ 

Josiah  Duran,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 
Albert  W.  Harris,  C, 

Samuel  F.  Haskell,  Serg.,  C,  ,, 

George  W.  Jackson,  C,  „ 

James  M.  Mills,  C,  ,, 


134 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


John  Noyes,  C,  Poland 

Andrew  J.   Pattee,  C,  kd   Gettysburg, 

July  2,  ()3, 

Elhanan  W.  Record,  C,  „ 

Wentworth  P.  Ricker,  C,  i. 

Tillson  Waterman,  Jr,  C,  tr  V.  R.  C,  ,, 

William  H.  Woodward,  C,  >. 
William  F.  Morrill,  Serg.,  C,                     Durham 
Jonathan  R.  Ryerson,  C,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,   Danville 

Edwin  P.  Gurney,  C,  .. 
Edward  R.  Allen,  C  (Danville),              Lewiston 

Isaac  S.  Faunce,  Capt.,  D,  tr  to  A,  ,, 

Milton  M.  Young,  Lt,  D,  pro  Capt.,  K,  ,, 
AVilliam  C.  Winter,  Sgt,  D,  pro  Lieut, 

died  Jan.  25,  US,  „ 

Dan'l  J.  Chandler,  1st  Sgt,  D,  pro  Lt,  B,  „ 

John  F.  Putnam,  Sgt,  D,  pro  Com.  Sgt,  ,, 

Levi  Willard,  Jr,  Serg.,  D,  ,, 

Artson  K.  Dennison,  Sgt,  D,  tr  V.  R.  C,  ,, 
Bernard    Hogan,    Corp.,    D,    mort    wd 

Gettysburg,  ,, 
Newton  W.  Parker,  Sgt,  D,  pro  1st  Lt, 

kd  in  act,  ,, 

Oliver  D.  Smith.  Corp.,  D,  „ 

George  Lothrop,  Serg.,  D,  ,, 

Frank  C.  Houghton,  Wag.,  D,  ,, 

Joseph  Austin,  D,  ,, 

Edwin  G.  Baker,  D,  tr  to  V.  II.  C,  ,, 

Nath  G.  Bickford,  D,  „ 

William  Bodge,  D,  „ 

Edward  Brackett,  D,  ,, 

Warren  S.  Butler,  D,  tr  to  V.  R.  C,  ,, 

Joseph  Chadderton,  D,  kd  June  IG,  CA,  ,, 

George  O.  Currier,  D,  ,, 

Richard  L.  Dalton,  1),  ,, 

Melvin  Davis,  Serg.,  D,  ,, 

Charles  A.  DeWitt,  Corp.,  I),  ,, 
Samuel  L.  Dwelly,  D,  died  from  wds 

July  9,  6.-?, 

Albert  Diinlai),  D,  ,, 
Aaron  Dunn,  D,  tr  to  V.  R.  C, 

Oilman  Faunce,  D,  ,, 

Levi  Fowler,  D,  kd  Gettysb'g,  July  2,  6.3,  ,, 
W.  P.  Gatchell,  D, 

Isaac  S.  Golden,  D,  „ 

Charles  H.  Groves,  D,  ,, 

LaForest  Groves,  D,  ,, 
Thomas  C.  Haley,  D, 

Elijali  P.  Harmon,  D,  ,, 

John  Hogan,  D,  ,, 

John  Holt,  D,  „ 

James  Hulrae,  D,  ,, 

Lemuel  Jackson,  I),  „ 

William  H.  Lane,  I),  „ 

CJeorge  H.  Maloon,  I),  ,, 

Isaiah  G.  j\Iason,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Thomas  McCarty,  1),  ,, 

Frank  A.  McDonald,  D,  kd  in  action,  „ 


Michael  McDonald,  D,  Lewiston 

Martin  McNulty,  D,  .  ,, 

George  A.   Parker,  D,   pro   Serg.-Maj., 

Lt  F,  and  Adjt, 
Geo.  I.  Parker,  D,  pro  Sgt  and  1st  Sgt, 
Charles  W.  Peasley,  D, 
Henry  H.  Penley,  Corp.,  D, 
John  A.  Reed,  D, 
Joshua  G.  Richardson,  D, 
Ezra  P.  Rogers,  D,  died  of  wds  in  service, 
Isaac  Rounds,  D  (Danville), 
John  N.  Smith,  D,  tr  to  V.  R.  C, 
Bradford  Stevens,  D, 
William  Stewart,  D, 
Michael  Sweeney,  Corp.,  D,  kd  in  action, 
Wm.  Tindall,  D,  tr  to  V.  R.  C, 
Thomas  Toole,  D,  kd  in  action, 
Waterman  Trafton,  D,  tr  V.  R.  C, 
Amos  G.  Winter,  D, 
Thomas  W.  Lord,  Sgt,  K,  pro  2d  Lt,        Auburn 
Charles  A.  Beal,  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Adolplius  P.  Wilson,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Andrew  J.  Miller,  K,  kd  Apr.  (J,  05,  ,, 

Alfred  Ring,  Corp.,  K  (Danville), 
Pliny  L.  Wyman,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Wm.    H.    Wyman,   Wag.,    K,   died  in 

service,  ,, 

Hiram  Andrews,  K,  ,, 

M.  M.  Andrews,  K,  ,, 

Alfred  E.  Atwood,  K,  died  Jan.  11,  63, 
Hiram  Atwood,  K,  ,, 

James  A.  Bennett,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Almon  E.  Brown  (Danville),  ,, 

John  H.  Conley,  K, 

John  H.  Cotton,  K,  „ 

John  McCrocker,  K,  „ 

Rufus  Danforth,  K,  „ 

William  J.  Golden,  K, 
Elisha  Hall,  Corp.,  K, 

Samuel  R.  Harris,  K  (Danville),  ,, 

Samuel  O.  Hatch,  K,  kd  at  Gettysb'g,  ,, 

John  F.  Hewey,  K,  ,, 

Aug.  A.  Keith,  Corp.,  K,  kd  in  action,  ,, 

Abraham  Libby,  K,  tr  to  V.  R.  C,  ,, 

George  W.  Lord,  K,  ,, 

Wm  H.  Lyon,  K,  kd  in  action,  G.3,  ,, 

Wallace  Maxfield,  K,  „ 

Addison  A.  Miller,  K  (Danville), 
Francis  D.  Morey,  K,  ,, 

Chandler  Nason,  K,  tr  to  1st  H.  A.,  ,, 

Nahum  Niles,  K,  died  Feb.  9,  63,  „ 

Leonard  R.  Penny,  K,  died  Nov.  7,  62, 
Weston  S.  Rand,  K,  ,, 

(Jeorge  F.  Read,  K,  ,, 

F'rederick  D.  Read,  K,  ,, 

Dana  Rounds,  K,  died  June  5,  63,  ,, 

David  Small,  K,  ,, 

Thomas  Storah,  K,  tr  to  V.  R.  C,  „ 


Military  Affairs. 


135 


Geo.  J.  Strout,  Corp.,  K,  kd  Apr.  11,  64,   Auburn 
Edwin  Verrill,  K,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Augustine  Voung,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Greenleaf  D.  Willard,  K,  ,, 

Joseph  J.  Jackson.  K,  Danville 

William  Doyle,  K,  Leeds 

Oliver  E.  Randall,  K,  Lewiston 

Charles  H.  Wright,  K, 
Milton  M.  Young,  K,  wd  July  2,  G.^i,  died 

Aug.  13,  ,) 

Charles  W.  Brown,  C,  ,, 

William  H.  Courson,  C,  ,, 

Silas  McCallister,  C,  ,, 

John  Stanley,  C,  ,, 

Tallman  L.  ^Iclntire,  D,  tr  to  1  H.  A., 
Henry  Hall,  E, 

John  McDonald,  E,  tr  to  V.  R.  C, 
John  r.  Barrows,  P,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,  Minot 

John  Taylor,  F,  Lewiston 

Patrick  Kelly,  H, 

James  Shannon,  H,  ,, 

Patrick  Sullivan,  H,  tr  to  1  H.  A., 
John  Sullivan,  H,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,  ,, 

Samuel  Parker,  A,  kd  in  service,  ,, 

Isaiah  Bonney,  A,  tr  f r  .3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A,     ,, 
Francis  H.  Barnes,  A,  tr  from  3  Me,  ,, 

Amos  G.  Bean,  A,  tr  from  3  Me,  ,, 

AnselH.  Cram,  A,trfr3Me,trto]  H.A.,   ,, 
Daniel  Cohan,  A,  tr  from  3  Me,  ,, 

Marcellus  Cram,  A,  tr  from  3  Me,  ,, 

Josephus  C.  Colby,  A,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to 

1  H.  A., 
Josiah  Dill,  A,  tr  to  1  H.  A., 
Isaac  S.  Faunce,  Capt.,  A,  tr  to  1  H.  A,       ,, 
S.  W.  G.  Gonyea,  A,  tr  to  1  H.  A., 
Lafayette  Plaisted,  A,  tr  to  Co.  G,  ,, 

Stephen  P.  Cutler,  B,  tr  fr  1  Me,  tr  to 

1  H.  A.,  Poland 

Julius  G.  Chipman,  B,  ,, 

George  B.  Dunn,  Lt,  B,  pro  1  Lt,  G,  ,, 

Arthur  L.  Coombs  B,  tr  fr  3  Me,  Lewiston 

Daniel  J.  Chandler,  Lieut,  B,  ,, 

Patrick  Dolan,  B,  tr  fr  3  Me,  trto  1  H.  A.,  „ 
John  O.  Sullivan,  B,  tr  to  1  H.  A., 
John  Fuller,  C,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,     ,, 
H.  H.  Garcelon,  C,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  V.  R.  C,  „ 
E.  T.  Getchell,  C,  tr  fr  3  Me,  „ 

Wm  Galoin,  C,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,      ,, 
Dexter  W.  Howard,  C,  pro  2d  Lt,  E,  *  Leeds 

Elisha  K.  Mann,  1st  Sgt,  C,  tr  fr  3  Me, 

tr  to  1  H.  A.,  Wales 

Jas.  A.  Cummings,  F,  died  Apr.  19,  05,  Auburn 
Thos.  Hayes,  D,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  H.  A.,  Lewiston 
Granville  Holt,  D,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  H.  A.,    „ 
Geo.  W.  Hatch,  D,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  H.  A.,   ,, 
Geo.  Hourd,  D,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  H.  A.,        ,, 


Jona  Hutchinson,  Jr,  D,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to 

H.  A.,  Minot 

James  Britten,  E,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  H.  A.,  Lewiston 
Chas.  McCarroll,  E,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  H.  A.,     ,, 
John  J.  O'Connell,  E,  tr  fr  3  Me,  kd  Oct. 

17,  04, 
Dexter  W.  Howard,  E,  joined  as  Lt  fr  C,    Leeds 
Edward  E.  Jones,  E,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1 

H.  A.,  Minot 

Josiah  Winslow,  F,  ,, 

Bartholomew  Cuff,  F,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1 

H.  A.,  Lewiston 

Patrick  Lyons,  F,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,     ,, 
M.  N.  Shephard,  F,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,    „ 
Rufus  F.  Dexter,  G,  died  of  wds  in  service,  „ 
Geo.  B.  Dunn,  1st  Lt,  G,  pro  Capt.,  K,     Poland 
John  Fallen,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me,  Lewiston 

Calvin  Kneeland,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me,  ,, 

Geo.  H.  Leighton,  G,  tr  fr  2  U.  S.  S.  S.,  „ 
L.  F.  Miller,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me,  died  July  4,  (54,  ,, 
Michael  A.  Murphy,  G,  tr  fr  2  U.  S.  S.  S.,  ,, 
Geo.  W.  Ryerson,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1 

H.  A., 
Michael  Riley,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,    ,, 
Orrin  Rogers,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me, 
Samuel  A.  Seeley,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to 

IH.  A., 
Chas.  Stewart,  G,  tr  fr  3  Me,  d  in  serv, 
Joseph  Newell,  G,  never  joined  company,  „ 
Chas.  H.  Lewis,  Corp.,  H,  tr  fr  3d  Me,  tr 

to  1  H.  A., 
John  Primrose,  H,tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,  ,, 
Roscoe  Smith,  H,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A..  „ 
James  P.  Thompson,  H,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to 

IH.  A., 
Melville  A.  I'erkins,  H,  died  May  3,  05,  Auburn 
Edward  L.  Stevens,  H,  tr  fr  3  Me,  Turner 

Newton  W.  Parker,  Lieut,  I,  killed,   Lewiston 
Charles  Lisbon,  I,  " 

Martin  McElroy,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me, 
Wm.  C.  Thompson,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me,  died,         ,, 
Henry  H.  Thompson,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me, 
Mark  Tripp,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A., 
John  L.  Tubbs,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,     „ 
Chas.  Wellman,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me, 
Wm.  A.  Ward,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me, 
James  C.  Smith,  I,  tr  fr  3  Me,  killed,  Livermore 
Orville  Swett,  I,  never  joined  Co.,  Durham 

Lloyd  B.  Caswell,  K,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to 

1  H.  A.,  Leeds 

Robert  W.  Austin,  K,  Danville 

John  Nixon,  K,  Lewiston 

Acton  Wheeler,   K,   tr  fr  3  Me,   tr  to 

IH.  A., 
John  Warner,  K,  tr  fr  3  Me,  tr  to  1  H.  A.,  „ 
Orville  Young,  K,  tr  fr  3  Me,  „ 


For  Eiiihteenth  Regiment  see  First  Regiment  Heavy  Artillery. 


136 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Nineteenth  Infantry  Regiment.  — T\\\s  regiment  enlisted  mostly  in  Knox, 
Kennebec,  Waldo,  and  Sagadahoc  counties,  was  organized  at  Bath,  August  25, 
1862,  for  three  years.  The  field  officers  were  Colonel  Frederick  D.  Sewall, 
who  had  served  as  assistant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  General  Howard; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Francis  E.  Heath,  who  had  been  a  captain  in  the  Third 
from  organization  ;  ^lajor  Henry  W.  Cunningham,  a  former  captain  of  the 
Fourth.  The  original  members  whose  terms  of  service  expired  before  October, 
1865,  were  mustered  out  of  service  jNIay  31,  1865,  and  the  others  united  with 
the  First  JNlaine  Heavy  Artillery. 

Leaving  Bath  August  27, 1862  (having  been  raised,  organized,  and  equipped 
in  less  than  four  weeks),  it  arrived  at  Washington  August  29,  and  was  ordered 
to  the  defenses  of  the  city.  In  October  it  operated  in  the  Shenandoah  valley, 
and  at  Charleston,  October  16,  first  came  under  fire,  wliere  it  behaved  with  the 
same  coolness  and  steadiness  that  characterized  the  regiment  in  every  subse- 
quent engagement.  November  17  it  took  position  at  Falmouth  in  front  of 
Fredericksburg,  and  participated  in  the  five-days'  battle  in  December.  It  was 
classed  among  the  first  regiments  of  the  corps  for  discipline,  bravery,  and 
efficiency.  At  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Bristow  Station,  Gettysburg, 
Wilderness,  Mine  Run,  Spottsylvania,  Po  River,  Tolopotomoy,  North  Anna, 
Coal  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Deep  Bottom,  Ream's  Station,  Strawberry  Plains, 
Boydton  Road,  and  in  otlier  actions  did  this  grand  regiment  conduct  itself 
most  gallantly,  taking  prisoners,  capturing  colors,  and  winning  commendation. 
Over  one-half  its  number  were  killed  and  wounded  at  Gettysburg.  Colonel 
Sewall  resigned  February  19,  1863 ;  Colonel  Heath,  November  1,  1863. 
Colonel  Selden  Connor  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general  July  1,  1864,  and 
Colonel  James  W.  Welch  resigned  October  21,  1864.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Cunningham  was  mustered  out  June  11,  1864.  The  regimental  commanding 
officers  in  its  later  service  were  Colonel  Isaac  W.  Starbird,  commissioned 
November  16,  1864;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Joseph  W.  Spaulding,  December  2, 
1864;  and  Major  David  E.  Parsons,  November  1(),  1864. 

ROSTER. 


Benjamin  F.  Sturgis,  Assistant  Surgeon. 


Henry  A.  Ham,  Corp.,  F, 

Wales 

George  W.  Hodgman,  F, 

,, 

Wm  S.  Small,  F, 

jj 

Thomas  L.  Bubier,  F,  tr  V.  R.  C, 

Leeds 

Addison  D.  Gilbert,  F, 

J, 

Calvin  B.  Keen,  F, 

J, 

Moses  S.  Dennett,  1st  Serg.,  F, 

Levviston 

Henry  H.  Lake,  F,  tr  4  U.  S.  Art., 

,, 

Thomas  S.  Rose,  F, 

Greene 

Jeremiah  Sullivan,  K,  tr  V.  R.  C, 

Lewiston 

John  G.  Curtis,  A, 

,, 

John  Carter,  A,  tr  fr  4  Me,  tr  1  H.  A., 


Benjamin  C.  Hatch,  B,  Lewiston 

Narcisse  Lamare,  B,  ,, 
Wm  H.  H.  Small,  Corp.,  B,  tr  1  H.  A., 

John  J.  Dalmage,  C,  ,, 

Rufus  Richardson,  C,  tr  1  H.  A.,  ,, 

Martin  V.  B.  Richardson,  C,  ,, 

Charles  Ludes,  D,  tr  1  H.  A.,  ,, 

Joseph  W.  Wilbur,  D,  ,, 

Orrin  I.  Peterson,  D,  tr  V.  R.  C,  Poland 
Augustus  Campbell,  E,  trto  1  H.  A.,  Livermore 

William  Farr,  E,  killed  May  G,  64,  Lewiston 
Lora  H.  Collins,  F, 

Walter  Jerald,  Serg.,  F,  tr  1  H.  A.,  „ 


Military  Affairs. 


137 


George  Morris,  F,  Lewiston 

Marcus  M.  Stone,  F,  tr  1  H.  A..  ,, 
Patrick  Sweeney,  F,  d  in  rebel  prison 

Aug.  27,  64, 

James  H.  Durgan,  G,  ,, 

Rinaldo  A.  Labree,  G,  tr  to  V.  R.  C,  ,, 
William  H.  H.  Small,  G, 

Adolphus  P.  Wilson,  G,  ,, 

Edward  Bogue,  I,  ,, 

Joseph  Baker,  I,  ,, 

John  Curran,  I,  ,, 

Patrick  Harrigan,  I,  died  June  10,  Gi,  „ 

George  Bixby,  K,  ,, 

William  Greenwood,  K,  tr  1  H.  A.,  ,, 
James  W.  Hicks,  K,  tr  to  1  H.  A., 

Loring  McKeen,  K,  ,, 

Norman  McKinsey,  K,  ,, 
John  L.  Thompson,  K,  died  from  wnds 

at  Wilderness,  ,, 
John  H.  Williams,  K,  tr  1  H.  A., 
Daniel  Dana,  B,  tr  fr.  4  Me,  d  Nov.  3,  fi4,       „ 

James  H.  Hutchinson,  B,  ,, 
Joseph  Jordan,  B,                                       Webster 


John  L.  Higgins.C,  tr  f r.  4 Me,  tr  1 H.  A.,  Webster 
Nathan  B.  Harlow,  C,  tr  from  4  Me,  tr  1 

H.  A.,  Auburn 

George  M.  Hatch,  C,  Lewiston 

Seth  W.  Jackson,  C,  tr  from  4  Me,  died 

Oct.  4,  64, 
Frank  Larvin,  C,  tr  fr.  4  Me,  tr  1  H.  A.,       ,, 
Charles  W.  Merrill,  C,  tr  from  4  Me,  tr 

1  H.  A.,  Lisbon 

Patrick  Bray,  F,  tr  fr.  4  Me,  tr  1  H.  A.,  Lewiston 
Michael  King,  F,  „ 

Maxim  Layois,  F,  tr  1  H.  A.,  „ 

Justus  C.  Briggs,  F,  died  in  rebel  prison 

Aug.  10,  ()4,  Turner 

Hezekiah  D,  Morse,  F,  tr  from  4  Me,  tr 

1  H.  A.,  Poland 

James  B.  Davis,  G,  tr  1  H.  A.,  Lewiston 

William  B.  Ellis,  G,  tr  1  H.  A., 
Hugh  Hunter,  G,  tr  1  H,  A.,  „ 

Peter  Lee,  G,  tr  1  H.  A., 
George  Wilbur,  G,  ,, 

Edwin  F.  Carter,  K,  died  April  14,  (54,  ,, 

Samuel  E.  Kenniston,  K,  tr  1  H.  A.,  ,, 


Twenfieth  Infantri/  Bc(/imenf. —  This  was  organized  at  Portland,  August 
29,  1862,  to  serve  three  years.  It  was  extremely  well  organized,  and  the 
personnel  of  its  officers  bespoke  for  it  a  brilliant  service,  which  the  regiment 
fully  maintained.  Professor  Joshua  L.  Chamberlain,  of  Bowdoin  College, 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  granted  him  to  visit  Enrope  to  offer 
himself  to  Governor  Washburn  for  military  service,  and  was  appointed  lieu- 
tenant-colonel of  this  regiment,  and  took  command  of  the  rendezvous  until  the 
organization  and  the  arrival  of  Colonel  Adelbert  Ames,  who  had  been  educated 
at  West  Point.  From  graduation  in  1861  he  was  in  active  service  as  captain, 
and  for  gallantry  at  jMalvern  Hill  was  recommended  for  two  brevets,  and 
commissioned  colonel  of  the  Twentieth.  Major  Charles  D.  Gilmore  was  of 
Bangor,  Lieutenants  Augustus  H.  Strickland,  Company  I,  and  William  W. 
Morrill,  Company  K,  were  of  Livermore.  September  3,  1862,  the  regiment 
left  the  state  for  the  Potomac,  and  immediately  entered  upon  the  severe  duties 
of  the  Maryland  campaign  ;  it  took  part  in  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  and 
many  reconnoissances,  skirmishes,  and  expeditions  during  the  winter.  In  the 
movements  preceding  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  the  regiment  was  left  in 
camp,  the  men  having  been  inoculated  with  small-pox  through  mistake,  and 
Colonel  Ames  secured  detached  service  on  General  Meade's  staff.  At  the 
sound  of  the  first  gun  of  the  battle  Lieutenant-Colonel  Chamberlain  solicited 
the  privilege  of  taking  the  regiment  somewliere  on  the  line,  saying  that  "  we 
would  give  the  rebels  the  small-pox  if  nothing  else,"  and  was  soon  put  in 
charge  of  the  signal  and  telegraph  lines  from  headquarters  to  the  several 
stations  on  the  battlefield.  May  20  he  was  commissioned  colonel.  July  2, 
1863,  the  Twentieth  had  to  hold  the  extreme  left  of  the  Union  line,  and  with- 


138 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


stood  an  attack  of  an  entire  rebel  brigade  for  two  hours  in  front,  flank,  and 
rear.  Holding  the  position  with  the  loss  of  half  its  men,  it  drove  the  remnants 
of  Hood's  division  before  it,  and  captured  and  held  all  night  the  heights  of 
Round  Top,  taking  more  than  double  its  own  number  in  prisoners.  The  credit 
of  capturing  Hound  Top  is  entirely  due  to  the  Twentieth,  and  for  it  they  were 
officially  thanked  by  brigade,  division,  and  corps  commanders,  and  Colonel 
Chamberlain  recommended  by  all  for  promotion.  He  was  dangerously  wounded 
at  Petersburg,  June  18,  and  "for  meritorious  and  efficient  service  on  the  held 
of  battle,  and  especially  for  gallant  conduct,"  he  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  by  General  Grant  on  the  field  —  the  only  instance  of  the  kind  in  the 
history  of  the  army.  The  Twentieth  passed  the  winter  of  1863-4  at  Rappa- 
hannock Station,  which  it  had  aided  in  capturing,  and  joined  the  campaign  of 
brilliant  service  which  embraced  the  battles  of  Locust  Grove,  Spottsylvania, 
Laurel  Hill,  North  Anna,  Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad,  Peeble's  Farm, 
Hatcher's  Run.  It  also  did  gallant  duty  during  its  service  at  Mine  Run,  Wil- 
derness, Five  Forks,  was  skirmishing  with  the  enemy  at  Appomattox  when  Lee 
surrendered,  and  was  one  of  the  regiments  designated  to  receive  the  Confed- 
erate arms.  Major  Gilmore  had  risen  to  be  colonel,  and  resigned  May  29, 
1865,  and  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Spear.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Walter  G. 
Morrill  and  Major  Atherton  W.  Clark  were  discharged  June  4,  1865,  and 
Colonel  Ellis  Spear,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  D.  Chamberlain  and  Major 
George  R.  Abbott  were  in  command  until  the  final  muster-out,  July  16,  1865. 
The  original  members  whose  service  expired  before  October,  1865,  had  been 
mustered  out  in  June,  when  the  men  of  the  Sixteenth  Regiment  and  First 
Sharpshooters  were  transferred  to  the  Twentieth. 

ROSTER. 


Aug.  H.  Strickland,  Lieut,  C,  Livermore 

Daniel  If.  Kilbreth,  Serg.,  C,  ,, 

Sereah  M.  Pratt,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 
Albert  C.    Pray,    Corp.,    C,    promoted 

Serg. -Major,  ,, 

Edward  R.  Brown,  C,  ,, 
Elisha  ().  Drake,  C, 

Lucius  M.  Joslin,  C,  ,, 

Davi.s  Jjarrabee,  C,  ,, 
William  Libby,  C, 

George  D.  Neal,  Serg.,  C,  ,, 

Albert  Roberts,  C,  ,, 

Seba  Smith,  C,  trans  to  V.  11.  C,  ,, 
Oliver  L.  Stevens,   C,  died  of  wounds 

July  11,  6:5, 
Alexis  C.  Taylor,  C, 

Arad  Thompson,  Serg.,  C,  pro  Capt.,  K,  ,, 

Philip  Williams,  C,  trans  to  V.  R.  C,  „ 
Henry  C.  Simmons,  C,  died  Dec.  13,  ()2,    Turner 

"Winslow  Turner,  C,  Leeds 
George  F.  .Toy,  Corp.,  K,                           Durham 


James  H.  Miller,  Corp.,  K,  tr  V.  R.  C,  Durham 
Irving  Tyler,  Mus.,  K,  ,, 

Wm  H.  Pollister,  K,  trans  to  V.  R.  C,  „ 
James  R.  Merrill,  K,  kd  at  Gettysburg,  ,, 
.lohn  F.  Bickford,  K,  Danville 

George  W.  Carleton,  K,  Lewiston 

Frank  Clark,  Serg. -Major,  pro  from  K,   Auburn 
Josei)li  Tyler,  Mus.,  Durham 

Louis  Benoit,  A,  Lewiston 

Wm.  W.  Morrill,  Capt.,  A,  killed  May 

8, 64,  Livermore 

Melvin  W.  Marston,  D,  Durham 

Geo.  Bryan,  D,  trans  fr  16tli  Me,  Lewiston 

Reuben  H.  Estes,  D.,  trans  fr  1st  S.  S.,  ,, 
James  Houlahan,  D,  tr  fr  16th  Me,  ,, 

Eugene  Hinkley,  E,  tr  fr  1st  S.  S.,trtoI,  ,, 
George  T.  Davis,  D,  tr  fr  16tb  Me,  Turner 

George  R.  Grover,  G,  tr  fr  16  Me,  Lewiston 

Francis  H.  Reed,  G,  Minot 

Joseph  Macomber,  H,  died  in  rebel  pri.,  Durham 
Alonzo  G.  Turner,  H,  „ 


Military  Affairs.  139 


John  Sullivan,  H,  Minot 

Otis  Thompson,  H,  Poland 

Jolin  Whittinghaui,  H,  Lewiston 

Micliael  Mot4ooty,  I,  Auburn 

John  Newbury,  I,  Lewiston 

Samuel  B.  Libby,  K,  Durham 


Enoch  F.  Newell,  K,  Sgt.,  Durham 

Enoch  M.  Billington,  K,  tr  £r  10  Me,  Auburn 

Timothy  Cahan,  K,  tr  fr  KJ  Me,  Lewiston 

William  Day,  K,  Auburn 

Lawrence  Doyle,  K,  Lewiston 
William  T.  Rowe,  K,  tr  fr  1(1  Me, 


Twenty-First  Infantry  Bcyiment .—T\\\&  was  a  nine-months'  regiment,  organ- 
ized at  Augusta  in  September,  and  mustered  October  14,  1862.  Elijah  D. 
Johnson,  of  Lewiston,  was  colonel ;  Nathan  Stanley,  of  Vassalboro,  lieutenant- 
colonel  ;  Benjamin  G.  Merry,  of  Bath,  major.  It  joined  General  Banks  at  New 
York,  where  he  was  organizing  his  expedition  for  opening  the  Mississippi,  and 
on  arrival  in  Louisiana  was  stationed  at  Baton  Rouge,  where  miasma  soon  caused 
great  suffering  from  disease.  It  did  good  service  in  the  various  attacks  on 
Port  Hudson,  was  one  of  the  first  regiments  to  approach  the  works,  fought 
against  superior  numbers  with  the  courage  of  veterans,  and  in  the  terrible 
encounters  of  May  27  and  June  14,  LS63,  did  well  its  part,  although  suffering 
great  loss.  Its  term  of  service  expired  during  the  siege,  but  the  men 
volunteered  to  serve  until  the  capture  of  the  city,  which  was  accomplished 
July  9, 1863.  They  received  compliments  from  General  Banks  for  the  efficient 
service  they  had  rendered.  July  25  the  regiment  started  for  Maine,  where  it 
was  mustered  out  August  25,  1863,  after  nearly  a  year's  service,  during  which 
it  traveled  over  4,000  miles. 

Twenty-Sfcond  Infantry  Regiment. — Another  nine-months'  regiment  mus- 
tered into  United  States  service  at  Bangor,  October  18,  1862.  Simon  G. 
Jerrard,  of  Levant,  was  commissioned  colonel;  Olonzo  G.  Putnam,  of  Dover, 
lieutenant-colonel.  Its  service  was  principally  on  the  lower  Mississippi.  It 
was  the  first  regiment  to  occupy  Baton  Kouge,  drove  the  enemy  at  Franklin, 
La,  did  constant  duty  during  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson,  and  was  quartered 
inside  the  works  after  the  surrender.  It  was  mustered  out  at  Bangor,  August 
14,  1863,  its  term  of  enlistment  having  expired.  Androscoggin  county  was 
represented  in  Company  E  by  Edward  W.  Weymouth  of  Webster. 

Tiventy-Third  Infantry  Regiment.  —  This  organization  was  made  up  almost 
entirely  by  men  of  Androscoggin  and  Oxford  counties,  and  was  mustered  into 
United  States  service  at  Portland,  September  29,  1862,  to  serve  nine  months. 
"It  is  believed  that  in  moral  and  intellectual  qualities  the  men  of  this  regiment 
have  not  been  exceeded  by  any  sent  from  the  state.  A  large  number  of  our 
most  intelligent  citizens,  graduates  of  seminaries  and  colleges,  men  of  culture 
and  wealth,  were  found  in  its  ranks,  and  the  number  of  men  of  foreign  birth 
would  scarcely  exceed  a  dozen  in  the  entire  regiment."^  The  commissioned 
regimental  officers  were :  William  Wirt  Virgin,  of  Norway,  colonel ;  Enos  T. 
Luce,  of  Auburn,  lieutenant-colonel:  Alfred  B.  Soule,  of  Lewiston,  major; 
Winthrop  H.  Hall,  of  Palmyra,  adjutant ;  William  Bray,  of  Turner,  quarter- 

1"  Maine  in  the  War." 


140 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


master  ;  Jesse  P.  Sweat,  of  Brownfield,  surgeon;  Richard  R.  Ricker,  of  Minot, 
assistant  surgeon ;  Joseph  C.  Snow,  of  Norway,  chaplain. 

Companies  A,  1),  E,  G,  and  I  were  Androscoggin  companies.  The 
Twenty-third  passed  its  ten  months  of  service  at  various  points  along  the 
Potomac,  and  acquired  a  high  reputation  for  efficiency  in  drill  and  guard  duty. 
During  this  time  it  had  its  share  of  hard  marches,  performed  much  fatigue, 
guard,  and  picket  duty,  but  was  never  under  fire.  This  is  no  discredit  to 
either  officers  or  men,  as  they  were  well-disciplined,  doing  their  duty  promptly 
and  well.  The  citizens  of  Edwards  Ferry,  where  the  regiment  was  on  guard 
for  months,  in  a  letter  to  the  brigade  commander  said  of  the  Twenty-third : 
"  At  no  time  since  the  occupation  of  this  section  of  the  state  by  military 
forces  have  we  sustained  so  little  detriment  to  our  property  by  the  depreda- 
tions of  soldiers;  no  regiment  has  done  so  much  towards  diminishing  the 
inconveniences  inseparable  from  a  state  of  war  and  effacing  the  distinction 
between  years  of  former  peace  and  the  current  turbulent  times.  Intelligence, 
urbanity,  and  all  the  soldierly  qualities  in  our  opinion  characterize  the  officers 
and  men  of  this  regiment  in  an  eminent  degree ;  and  in  declaring  our 
unanimous  and  grateful  recognition  of  their  qualities  we  perform  not  only  a 
pleasant,  but  what  seems  to  us  an  imperative  duty." 

June  27,  1863,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Portland,  where  it  was 
mustered  out  July  15,  having  lost  fifty  men  by  disease  and  accident. 


Enos  T.  Luce,  Lt-Col, 

Richard  R.  Ricker,  Asst-Surg., 

Robert  M.  Sykes,  F.  M., 

William  Bray,  Q.  M., 

Alfred  B.  Soule,  Major, 

Dudley  B.  Varuey,  Capt.,  A, 

Kirke  W.  Moses,  Lieut,  A, 

Henry  A.  Norcross,  Lieut,  A,  pro  Adjt, 

Sumner  Nason,  Sgt,  A,  pro  Lieut, 

Wm  Bagnall,  Sgt,  A, 

Ethelbert  C.  Caswell,  Sgt,  A, 

Wm  F.  Forbes,  Sgt,  A, 

Ed.  M.  Dearborn,  Sgt,  A, 

Alvali  J.  Hervoy,  Corp.,  A, 

Israel  B.  Merrill,  Corp.,  A, 

Lloyd  (}.  Arnold,  Corp.,  A, 

Abel  D.  Cook,  Corp.,  A, 

Frank  M.  Follansbee,  Corp.,  A, 

Nathaniel  Davis,  Corp.,  A, 

Uriah  Reed,  Corp.,  A, 

Thomas  F.  Doyle,  Corp.,  A, 

Wm  Wing,  Mus.,  A, 

John  Neal,  Mus.,  A, 

Jas.  R.  Fairbrother,  Wag.,  A, 

Albert  A.  Barker,  A, 

George  B.  Bearce,  A, 


ROSTER. 

Auburn 

Joseph  F.  Berry,  A, 

Lewi 

Minot 

Richard  Black,  A, 

Auburn 

Charles  E.  Blackwell,  A, 

Turner 
jcwiston 

Charles  M.  Bradbury,  A, 
William  F.  Brann,  A, 
William  C.  Bridge,  A, 
Freeman  Burleigh,  A, 
Philip  Cantlon,  A, 
John  H.  L.  Chick,  A, 
John  Clear,  A, 
Frank  A.  Conant,  A, 
Aaron  T.  Corliss,  A, 
James  M.  Crockett,  A, 
Benjamin  P.  Cummings,  A, 
Roscoe  G.  Day,  A, 
Charles  P.  Dean,  A, 
Peter  J.  Dresser,  A, 
Henry  N.  Eastman,  A, 
Joshua  B.  Emery,  A, 

Barton  A.  Fields,  A,  died  Nov. 

29,  62,         „ 

Robert  A.  Fields,  A, 

John  B.  Fowler,  A, 

Francis  M.  Gammage,  A, 

Caleb  S.  Gilbert,  A, 

Joseph  R.  Gilbert,  A, 
G.  W.  Goodbehere,  A, 

Military  Affairs. 


141 


Simon  P.  Gray,  A,  Lewiston 

Amos  Hadley,  A,  ,, 

Freeman  C.  Hall,  A,  ,, 

John  L.  Ham,  A,  ,, 

Edwin  Haskell,  A,  ,, 

Cyrus  Hayford,  A,  ,, 

Joseph  D.  Harville,  A,  ,, 

William  N.  Higgins,  A,  „ 

Henry  H.  Hinckley,  A,  ,, 

Walter  S.  Hodges,  A,  ,, 

Charles  K.  Hooker,  A,  ,, 

Allen  Hogarth,  A,  ,, 

Charles  E.  Huston,  A,  ,, 
John  M.  Jackson,  A,  pro  Lieut  'o2  Mc,         ,, 

Peter  Jerris,  A,  ,, 

James  B.  Ladd,  A,  ,, 

Elbridge  T.  Landers,  A,  „ 

Moses  Lee,  A,  ,, 

Joseph  M.  Litchfield,  A,  ,, 

Samuel  A.  Lord,  A,  ,, 

William  H.  Love,  A,  ,, 

Roscoe  F.  Ludwig,  A,  ,, 

William  H.  Mace,  A,  „ 

Dennis  Mara,  A,  ,, 

William  McDonald,  A,  ,, 

Cleveland  B.  Merrill,  A,  ,, 

Fred  Miller,  A,  ,, 

Jonas  A.  Mitchell,  A,  ,, 

Patrick  Munster,  A,  ,, 

John  Murphy,  A,  ,, 

Elbridge  G.  Oaks,  A,  „ 

John  Oliver,  A,  ,, 

Silas  Perham,  A,  ,, 

John  Pinkham,  A,  „ 

Dennis  Roberts,  A,  „ 

John  Rogers,  A,  ,, 

Hiram  B.  Rose,  A,  ,, 

Patrick  Rowan,  A,  ,, 

John  Sheehan,  A,  ,, 
Nath  E.  Skelton,  A, 

Phineas  W.  Skinner,  A,  ,, 

Aretas  Small,  A,  ,, 

John  B.  Stickney,  A,  ,, 

Jeremiah  A.  Sullivan,  A,  ,, 

Everett  Temple,  A,  ,, 

Ivory  Temple,  A,  ,, 
Elbridge  G.  Thomas,  A, 
Earl  S.  Ware,  A, 

Amos  Whitney,  A,  ,, 

Chester  Whitney,  A,  ,, 

John  S.  Winslow,  A,  ,, 
Henry  E.  Wood,  A, 
John  C.  Wright.  A, 

Charles  E.  Bradford,  Capt.,  D,  Turner 
Horace  C.  Haskell,  Lieut,  D,  promoted 

Capt.,  March  1,  63,  ,, 

Chandler  B.  Bailey,  1st  Serg.,  D,  ,, 

Job  P.  Leavitt,  Serg.,  D,  pro  Lieut,  ,, 

James  Clark,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 


John  E.  Ashe,  Corp.,  D,  pro  Serg.,  Turner 

Benj.  F.  Hodsdon,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

Thaddeus  Leavitt,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

Lewis  P.  Bradford,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 
Thomas  AV.  Davis,  Corp.,  D,  d  Jan.  14,  (i3,     ,, 

William  Smith,  Musician,  D,  ,, 

Jason  L.  Allen,  D,  ,, 

Benjamin  F.  Beals,  D,  ,, 

John  O.  Bean,  D,  ,, 

Mellen  A.  Bearce,  D,  ,, 

Asa  L.  Berry,  D,  ,, 

Charles  Blake,  D,  „ 

Leonard  P.  Bradford,  D,  ,, 

Philip  Bray,  D,  pro  Com.  Serg.,  ,, 

Benjamin  L.  Briggs,  D,  trans  25  rgt.,  ,, 

Morrill  E.  Briggs,  D,  trans  25  rgt.,  ,, 

Samuel  S.  Butler,  D,  „ 

James  A.  Cary,  D,  ,, 

Luther  K.  Carey,  D,  „ 

Thomas  T.  Cary,  D,  „ 

Howard  Conant,  D,  „ 

Sanford  Conant,  D,  „ 

Benjamin  Cox,  D,  ,, 

Jason  Cutler,  D,  ,, 
William  H.  Delano,  D, 

Elbridge  G.  Francis,  D,  „ 

Edwin  S.  French,  D,  ,, 
Edwin  E.  Fuller,  D, 
Hartwell  S.  French,  D, 

Lewis  D.  Hayford,  D,  „ 

Cyrus  W.  Hersey,  D,  ,, 

George  F.  Holmes,  D,  „ 

Ronello  B.  Keene,  D,  „ 

Lorenzo  S.  Leavitt,  D,  ,, 

James  McCorrison,  D,  ,, 

Calvin  McKenney,  D,  ,, 

Marcellus  S.  Merrill,  D,  ,, 

Shirley  Merrill,  I),  ,, 

Winslow  Merrill,  D,  ,, 

Samuel  T.  Perry,  D,  „ 

Isaac  Phillips,  D,  ,, 

Edson  Reckards,  D,  „ 

George  G.  Richardson,  D,  ,, 

Ira  A.  ShurtlelT,  D,  „ 

Edgar  E.  Swett,  D,  ,, 

George  C.  Wheaton,  D,  ,, 

James  A.  Whiting,  D,  „ 

Jolin  B.  Woodman,  D,  ,, 
Hiram  Moore,  Lieut.,  D,                               Minot 
Frank  H.  Hall,  Corp.,  D, 

John  A.  Barrows,  D  (Auburn)  killed,  ,, 

Azor  Bicknell,  D,  ,, 

Horace  C.  Briggs,  D,  ,, 

Justus  H  Briggs,  D  (Auburn),  „ 

James  Cox,  D,  ,, 

Albion  A.  Crooker,  D,  ,, 

Wellington  D.  Curtis,  D,  „ 

Charles  R.  Davis,  D,  ,, 

James  L.  Dingley,  D,  „ 


142 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Albert  Downes,  D,  Minot 

Joseph  Freeman,  D,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Martin,  D,  „ 

Judson  B.  Swett,  D,  „ 

Daniel  H.  Woodward,  D,  ,, 
Almon  C  Pray,  Capt.,  E,                           Auburn 

Freedom  H.  Lander,  1st  Lieut,  E,  ,, 

James  White,  E,  Serg.,  pro  Lieut,  T,  ,, 
Joseph  Littlefield,  Serg.,  E,  pro  1st  Serg.,     ,, 

Alex  Stinson,  Serg.,  E,  ,, 

George  W.  Bailey,  Corp.,  E,  ,, 

Aug  H.  Haskell,  Corp.,  E,  „ 

Joseph  Gould,  Corp.,  E,  ,, 

George  W.  Noyes,  Corp.,  E,  ,, 

J.  B.  K.  Drake,  Mus.,  E,  „ 

Frank  H.  Keed,  Mus.,  E,  „ 

Horace  C.  Thayer,  Wag.,  E,  ,, 

P^ancis  Allen,  E,  ,, 

Henry  H.  Bailey,  E,  „ 

George  S.  Boutelle,  E,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Aug  E.  Briggs,  E,  „ 
Jeff  L.  Briggs,  E, 

A.  H.  Chamberlain,  E,  ,, 

Harrison  A.  Coffin,  E,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Curtis,  E,  ,, 

David  S.  Curtis,  E,  ,, 

James  Dingley,  Jr,  E,  ,, 

John  T.  Dennison,  E,  ,, 
Calvin  F.  Durrell,  E, 
Elias  E.  Elliott,  E,  trans  to  25  Me, 

Jona  L.  Flagg,  E,  ,, 

Oscar  F.  Gammon,  E,  ,, 
Geo.  B.  Glover,  E, 

Aug  D.  Gurney,  E,  ,, 

Isaac  Haskell,  E,  ,, 

Simeon  H.  Haskell,  E,  ,, 

Stephen  VV.  Hersey,  E,  ,, 
Wm  W.  Holmes,  E, 

Stafford  B.  Jones,  E,  ,, 

Charles  M.  Keith,  E,  „ 
Nath  H.  Lander,  E, 

George  W.  Lane,  E,  ,, 

Arthur  G.  Larrabee,  E,  ,, 

Joshua  Littlefield,  Jr,  E,  ,, 

Frank  O.  Lovejoy,  E,  ,, 

John  McDonald,  E,  ,, 
Clark  Mitchell,  E, 
Thos.  P.  Mitchell,  E, 

James  W.  Morgan,  E,  died  May  21,  1862,       ,, 

George  F.  Merrow,  E,  ,, 

George  F.  Newell,  E,  ,, 

George  W.  Nickerson,  Serg.,  E,  ,, 

Charles  S.  Ricker,  E,  ,, 

Ilufus  E.  Rounds,  E,  ,, 

Charles  F.  Sawyer,  E,  ,, 

Edward  H.  Sawyer,  E,  ,, 
Jo-seph  M.  Small,  E,  died  Dec.  28, 1862,  „ 

Leonard  O.  Smith,  E,  ,, 

Abel  C.  T.  Stevens,  E,  „ 


William  S.  Stevens,  E,  Auburn 

Robert  M.  Sykes,  E,  „ 

Royal  F.  Starbird,  E,  „ 

Richard  H.  Swett,  E,  „ 

Wm  K.  Vickery,  E,  „ 

Augustus  White,  E,  ,, 

Charles  W.  Gerrish,  Lieut,  E,  Lisbon 

Wm  H.  H.  Atwood,  E,  „ 

Ozias  B.  Cotton,  E,  „ 

Samuel  G.  Dingley,  E,  ,, 

Edsel  A.  Douglas,  E,  „ 

Benj.  R.  Durgin,  E,  ,, 

Chas.  W.  Felch,  E,  .  „ 

Wm.  C.  Green,  E,  ,, 

Hiram  B.  Higgins,  E,  ,, 

Lorenzo  Hinckley,  E,  „ 

Abel  G.  Jackson,  E,  „ 

Abner  Jordan,  E,  ,, 

Robt.  E.  Mitchell,  E,  ,, 

Caleb  C.  Smith,  E, 

John  A.  Smith,  E, 

John  Wallace,  E,  „ 

Alfred  Wescott,  E, 

Josiah  T.  Jordan,  Serg.,  E,  Webster 

^Matthew  S.  Jordan,  Serg.,  E, 

Robert  H.  Niles,  Corp.,  E, 

Winfield  B.  Cutter,  Corp.,  E, 

Benjamin  D.  Bryent,  Corp.,  E, 

Charles  Mann,  Corp.,  E, 

William  F.  Alexander,  E, 

Nath  Courson,  E, 

Edward  J.  Cutter,  E, 

Benjamin  P.  Jordan,  E, 

Darius  Jordan,  E, 

Harris  W.  Jordan,  E, 

John  Leigh,  E, 

Llewellyn  S.  Libby,  E, 

George  A.  Moody,  E, 

Franklin  T.  Robinson,  E, 

Horatio  G.  Small,  Corp.,  E, 

Evander  Tarbox,  E, 

Alonzo  Tarr,  E, 

James  Thompson,  E, 

Lincoln  E.  Woodbury,  E, 

Alonzo  P.  Lamb,  Capt.,  G,  Poland 

Joseph  H.  Freeman,  Lieut,  G,  ,, 

Lucius  D.  Fisher,  Serg.,  G,  ,, 

Solomon  D.  Cushmau,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Lucius  Davis,  Corp.,  G,  ., 

Charles  S.  Libby,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Sidney  A.  Griffin,  Corp.,  G,  „ 

Greenlief  Emery,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Alviu  F.  Foss,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Silas  A.  Megquier,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Eugene  L.  Dennen,  Mus.,  G,  ,, 

William  H.  Allen,  G,  died  Dec.  10,  62, 

Clarenton  W.  Benson,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Eben  Bowen,  G,  died  Jan.  28,  63, 

Joseph  R.  Bragdon,  G,  died  Jfii;.  23,  63,        ,, 


Military  Affairs. 


Stephen  Bray,  G, 

Ezra  D.  Chandler,  G 

Samnel  F.  Chaplin,  G,  trans  U.  S  N 

Levi  E.  Cole,  G,  ' 

Osgood  Cole,  G, 

Almon  Crooker,  G, 

Benjamin  Davis,  G, 

Moses  B.  Davis,  G,  ' 

Timothy  T.  Downing,  G, 

Samuel  H.  Dudley,  G, 

Bertrand  F.  Dunn,  G,' 

Alfred  Dustin,  G,  ' 

James  W.  Field,  G, 

William  G.  Gerry,  G, 

Noah  H.  Goodwin',  G, 

Francis  A.  Hannaford,  G, 

Bloomville  Herrick,  G, 

Mark  A.  Herrick,  G, 

Aug  M.  Jackson,  G, 

Charles  W.  Jordan,'  G, 

Andrew  Kilgore,  G, 

Elvin  W.  Locke,  G,' 

Lemuel  F.  ^[arshall,  G, 

Joseph  W.  Mills,  G, 

William  W.  Pratt,  G, 

Joseph  Reed,  G, 

Willard  Stone,  6, 

Charles  H.  Tripp,'  G, 

Joseph  P.  Tripp,  G  ' 

Thomas  J.  True,  Jr',  G,  drown  Jan.  20  63 

Jeremiah  Verrill,  G  "'"■  ■^'J,bd, 

Plnneas  Walker,  G,'died  Jan.  14,  63 
George  L.  Whitman,  G, 

Edwin  Woodsum,  G, 

David  Woodsum,  G  ' 

Cbarles  Thurston,  1st  Lieut,  G  nn      •„ 

Joseph  Rounds,  Serg.,  G,  i>anv,lle 

Joseph  Goss,  Serg.,G', 

Horatio  Benson,  G, 

Cyrus  Cobb,  G, 

Judson  Dawes,  G, 

Orrin  Emerson,  G, 

Brackett  M.  Field,  G, 

Charles  L.  Field,  G 

EdwardK.Fit.,G,'diedDec.8,62. 
Charles  M.  Goss,  G, 

Aaron  Knights,  G,' 

Dominicus  Libby,  G, 

Gershom  C.  Libby,  G, 

Lewis  McKinney,  G,  ' 

Warren  B.  McKenney,  G 

Seward  Penley,  G, 
Stephen  M.  Pullen,  G, 
William  D.  Pulcifer,  G, 
Calvin  B.  Rice,  G, 
Elbridge  G.  Robinson,  G 
Erancis  R.  Rounds,  G, 
William  W.  Royal,  G,' 
WilUam  L.  Shackley,  G 


Liven 


James  L.  Shackley,  G, 
Andrew  M.  Smith,  G, ' 
George  ^Vagg,  G, 
Ezekiel  D.  Witham,  G 
Thatcher  W.  Parker,  I'st  Serg    a 
Josiah  H.  Mower,  Serg    G 
Lowell  M.  Mower,  Corp'  G 
Jarvis  T.  Beal,  G,  '     ' 

Moses  C;.  Beal,  G,' 
William  Beal,  G,' 
Charles  A.  Bradbury  G 
Converse  R.  Daggett,  G,' 
Alvah  N.  Dexter,  G, 
William  Donnell,  g', 
Chris  C.  Gorman,  G,' 
James  M.  Lowell,  g', 
Charles  H.  Morse   G 

Darius  Pease,  G,  died  Dec.  11,  1862, 
Lllery  Perea,  G, 

Charles  H.  Pratt,  G, 

Henry  A.  Smith,  G,' 

Edwin  W.  Taylor,  G, 

James  S.  Nash,  Capt'  I 

Amos  Leavitt,Corp.,'l,  pro  Serg., 

Johns        ders.  Corp.,  I.  pro  SeW., 
JMiiton  Leavitt,  Corp.    I 

Samuel  D.  Merrill,  Corp    I 

Cyrus  M.  Barrows,  Mus  'l' 

John  M.  Bumpus,  I         '    ' 

Willard  Carver,  I, 

John  Casey,  I, 

Jacob  G.  Edge'combe,  I, 

Lee  Edgecombe,  I, 

Elbridge  P.  Gibbs,' I, 

Charles  H.  Harrington   I 

Lorenzo  B.  Harrington,  l' 

Fred  A.  Haskell,  I, 

Isaac  Hewett,  I, 

Emerson  W.  Hill,  I 

Drewrie  Howard,!,' 

Henry  R.  Merrill,  I, 

Roscoe  Merrill,  I, 

Samuel  D.  Merrill,  I, 

Joseph  R.  Oldham',  I, 

Samuel  H.  Peterson,  'l, 

George  W.  Bobbins,  I,' 

Davis  T.  Timberlake   I 

Henry  C.  Wentworth,  Lieut  I  Ea.f  r  •     " 

William  W.  Noyes,ls;Ser"    I  ^^^^^more 

pro  Capt.,  *  '    ' 

James  L.  Morse,  Corp.,  I 
Caleb  W.  Brown,  I, 
Sylvester  D.  Brown',  I, 
Charles  L.  Burgess,  I,  ' 
John  W.  Dow,  I, 
Enoch  L.  Farrington,  Corp.,  I 
S.  Farrington,  I, 
Charles  D.  Fuller,  I,  died 
A.  P.  Fuller,  I,  ' 


143 


Danville 


Greene 


ore 


144 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Charles  H.  Kimball,  I,  died  Jan. 

17, 1863,  East  Livermore 

Charles  R.  Mitchell,  I,  died  Dec. 

20,  1862, 
Tisdale  D.  Norris,  I,  ,,  ,, 

Nathan  J.  Sanford,  I,  ,,  ,, 

Orville  K.  Trask,  I,  died  Mar.  18, 

1863,  ,,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Leadbetter,  Serjj.,  I,  Leeds 

Oscar  D.  Turner,  Serg.,  I,  >. 

Albert  Barker,  Serg.,  I,  ,, 

Loring  P.  Gould,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 

Sewell  Woodman,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 

Jason  Carver,  Wag.,  I,  ,> 

George  T.  Bishop,  Corp.,  I,  ,, 

Seth  F.  Burnham,  I,  died  Mar.  8,  63,  ,, 

James  H.  Burnham,  I,  ,, 

Milton  W.  Burnham,  I,  ,, 

Russell  L.  Gould,  I,  ,, 

Daniel  W.  Hinkley,  I, 

Charles  T.  Knights,  I,  ,, 

Lorenzo  Leadbetter,  I,  ,, 


Frank  J.  Lindsey,  I, 

Leeds 

Thomas  J.  Lindsey,  Corp.,  I, 

,, 

Rufus  K.  Perea,  I, 

,, 

Ireson  B.  Pettingill,  I,  died  Mar. 

21,6.3, 

,, 

Elisha  P.  Ramsdell,  I,  died  Jan. 

10,  63, 

,, 

John  R.  Smith,  I, 

,, 

Joshua  H.  Sumner,  I, 

,, 

James  D.  Towle,  I, 

>> 

John  E.  Woodman,  I, 

,  J 

Thomas  T.  Jenkins,  Corp.,  I, 

Wales 

Albert  L.  Additon,  I, 

,, 

Llewellyn  O.  Foster,  I, 

,, 

Charles  H.  McITarland,  I, 

,, 

Philip  H.  Tarr,  I, 

,, 

Arthur  Given,  Jr,  Serg.,  G, 

,, 

Royal  E.  Whitman,  Capt.,  G, 

pro  from 

Serg.-Maj., 

Turner 

James  White,  2d  Lieut,  I,  tr  from  E, 

Auburn 

Moses  F.  Hackett,  Serg.,  K, 

Danville 

Arthur  M.  Parker,  Serg.,  H, 

,, 

Philip  Bray,  Cora.  Serg.,    D, 

Turner 

Albert  I.  Additon,  I, 

Greene 

Twenty-Fourth  Infantri/  Bef/iment. — This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta 
October  16,  1862,  to  serve  nine  months,  and  was  mustered  out  August  25, 
1863.  George  M.  Atwood,  of  Gardiner,  was  colonel.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Charles  T.  Bean  was  discharged  on  the  day  of  muster-in,  and  July  1,  1863, 
Major  Eben  Hutchinson  was  appointed  in  his  stead.  Captain  William  Hol- 
brook  of  Company  H  was  commissioned  major,  July  23,  1863.  This  regiment 
formed  part  of  Banks's  expedition  on  the  lower  Mississippi,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  various  duties  contingent  upon  an  army  of  occupation.  May  21  the 
regiment  was  ordered  to  Port  Hudson,  where  it  remained  during  the  long  siege, 
and  was  often  called  upon  to  build  roads  and  bridges  during  the  approach  of 
the  forces  to  the  stronghold  of  the  enemy,  and  was  often  engaged  in  action. 
Nearly  every  night  during  the  investment  the  men  were  working  on  earth- 
works and  rifle-pits.  The  regiment  participated  in  the  desperate  assaults  of 
May  27  and  June  14.  It  lost  heavily  from  disease,  184  dying,  and  about  100 
being  discharged  for  disability.  Out  of  900  men  of  the  original  organization 
only  570  returned,  yet  none  were  killed  in  battle  or  died  of  wounds.  Andros- 
coggin county  was  represented  in  this  regiment  by  George  R.  Foster,  fife-major, 
of  Lisbon,  and  Albert  Harlow,  Company  D. 

Twenty-Fifth  Infmitry  Regiment.  —  This  regiment,  mustered  into  United 
States  service  at  Portland,  September  29,  1862,  was  the  first  nine-months' 
regiment  to  leave  the  state.  Its  colonel  was  Francis  Fessenden,  a  captain  in 
the  United  States  Army ;  Charles  E.  Shaw  was  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Alex- 
ander l\r.  Tolman,  major,  all  of  Portland.  Josiah  Carr,  of  Minot,  was  surgeon. 
Leaving  Portland,  October  16,  for  Washington,  it  there  joined  the  forces  for 
the  defense  of  that  city,  and  did  much  fatigue  and  picket  duty.     It  built  on 


Military  Affairs. 


145 


Arlington  Heights  a  camp  of  convenient  log  houses  with  board  roofs,  the  most 
elaborate  and  durable  camp  ever  constructed  in  the  department.  .June  21, 
1863,  the  First  brigade,  composed  of  the  Tvvent3^-fifth  and  Twenty-seventh 
Maine,  was  ordered  to  report  to  (leneral  Slocum,  commanding  the  Twelfth 
Corps  at  Leesburg,  but  as  their  time  of  service  had  nearly  passed,  they  were 
sent  to  Maine  for  muster-out,  and  arrived  at  Portland,  July  3,  1863,  where  the 
Twenty-fifth  was  discharged  on  July  10.  The  Twenty-fifth  participated  in  no 
engagement,  but  performed  its  responsible  and  arduous  duties  with  faithfulness 
and  zeal. 

ROSTER. 


Josiah  Carr,  surgeon, 

B.  L.  Briggs,  band, 

M.  E.  Briggs,  band, 

George  VV.  Spear,  A, 

Arthur  L.  Coombs,  Wag.,  B, 

Henry  Beal,  B, 

William  D.  Brewster,  B, 

Julius  E.  Eveleth,  Corp.,  B, 

Horace  P.  Merrill,  B, 

Sumner  N.  Strout,  Serg.,  T),  pro  Lieut, 

William  W.  Bailey,  Corp., 

Nathaniel  D.  Chase,  Corp.,  D, 

Isaac  M.  Bishop,  Jr,  D, 

Silas  Campbell,  D, 


Minot 

John  H.  Davis,  D, 

Turner 

Nelson  Gatchell,  D,  died  Dec. 
John  Q.  Jordan,  D, 

15,  1862 

Danville 

William  Mcintosh,  D, 

Durham 

>> 

Webster  Nevens,  D, 
Albert  Owen,  D, 
Alfred  Roberts,  D, 
Edmund  H.  Soper,  D, 
Benjamin  F.  Stevens,  D, 
Francis  Venus,  D, 
Orrin  S.  Vickery,  Corp.,  D, 
Joseph  O.  Wilson,  D, 
Frank  Crockett,  Serg.,  D, 

,, 

Sylvester  F.  Jordan,  1st  Serg. 

,G, 

Durham 


Lisbon 


Twenty-Sixth  lufantrii  Reniment.  —  Knox,  Hancock,  and  Waldo  counties 
furnished  the  men  for  the  Twenty-sixth,  organized  at  Bangor,  October  11,  1862, 
to  serve  nine  months.  Nathaniel  H.  Hubbard,  of  Winterport,  was  colonel; 
Philo  Hersey,  of  Belfast,  lieutenant-colonel;  and  James  N.  Fowler,  of  Sears- 
port,  major.  After  a  brief  sojourn  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  regiment 
joined  the  forces  of  General  Banks,  and  embarked  for  the  lower  Mississippi, 
where  it  did  as  much  active  service  as  any  regiment  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf  during  its  connection  therewith.  At  the  battle  of  Irish  Bend  it  lost  in 
killed  and  wounded  68  out  of  300  engaged.  In  this  action  the  men  displayed 
a  courage  creditable  to  veterans,  and  established  a  reputation  for  steadiness 
under  fire,  which  it  well  sustained  at  Port  Hudson,  where  it  did  duty  in  the 
trenches  and  on  picket.  On  June  14  it  took  part  in  the  unsuccessful  assault 
against  the  Confederate  works.  Here  the  soldiers  covered  themselves  with 
honor.  Finding  it  impossible  to  enter  the  enemy's  fortifications  they  advanced 
within  twenty  feet  of  them  and  sheltered  themselves  under  the  steep  bluff  on 
which  they  were  built.  Later  they  were  on  guard  over  a  battery  within 
musket  shot  of  the  Confederates  until  the  surrender  July  8,  1863.  Soon 
leaving  for  home  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  at  Bangor,  July  17,  having 
served  almost  a  year. 

Twenti/'iSeventh  Infantry  Reyiment. —  This  companion  regiment  of  the 
Twenty-fifth  was  recruited  in  York  county,  and  mustered  into  United  States 


146  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


service  at  Portland,  September  30,  1862.  Rufus  P.  Tapley,  of  Saco,  was 
colonel ;  Mark  F.  Wentworth,  of  Kittery,  lieutenant-colonel ;  James  M.  Stone, 
of  Kennebunk,  major.  Arriving  at  Washington,  October  22,  it  went  into  camp 
at  Arlington  Heights,  where  it  was  brigaded  with  the  Tv/enty-fifth,  with  whose 
fortunes  it  was  united  ever  after.  This  regiment  was  composed  of  the  stalwart 
yeomanry  of  the  state,  with  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  skilled  mechanics  and 
professional  men,  and  would  have  done  the  severest  duty  from  a  sense  of 
patriotic  principle  as  well  as  that  which  fell  to  its  lot.  When  their  time  had 
expired  and  interests  at  home  were  pressing  for  their  immediate  presence,  the 
momentous  action  of  Gettysburg  was  impending,  all  available  men  were 
demanded  at  the  front,  and  an  unprotected  capital  was  at  the  mercy  of  any 
enemy ;  so  the  men  were  asked  by  the  President  and  Secretary  of  War  to 
remain  for  the  defense  of  Washington  until  the  battle  was  fought,  and  315 
acceded  to  the  request  and  remained  until  the  joyful  tidings  of  victory  came 
from  the  embattled  Union  host  at  Gettysburg.  July  17,  1863,  the  regiment 
was  mustered  out  with  Colonel  Mark  H.  Wentworth,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
James  M.  Stone,  and  Major  John  D.  Hill,  field  officers.  George  O.  Dockman, 
of  Poland,  was  in  Company  B,  Oren  B.  Webber  and  Alfred  C.  Webber,  of 
Lisbon,  in  Company  F. 

Ttoenty-Eighth  Infantry  Bef/iment. — This  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Octo- 
ber 18,  1862,  for  nine  months'  service.  After  remaining  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  for  a  few  months,  it  joined  the  Department  of  the  Gulf  and  was,  soon 
after  its  arrival  at  New  Orleans,  stationed  at  Pensacola,  Florida.  After  the 
evacuation  of  that  city,  it  returned  to  New  Orleans  and  was  ordered  for 
duty  to  Donaldsonville,  Bayou  La  Fourche,  and  Plaquemine.  May  27  six 
companies  were  ordered  to  Port  Hudson,  the  others  remaining  at  New  Orleans 
and  at  Fort  Butler  at  Donaldsonville.  The  Port  Hudson  detachment  was 
employed  day  and  night  for  two  weeks  in  building  batteries  and  on  picket 
duty.  It  took  part  in  the  advance,  June  14,  but  suffered  no  loss.  June  22  it 
made  an  unsupported  and  unsuccessful  assault  on  the  works  with  some  loss. 
June  28  the  detachment  under  Major  Bullen  guarding  and  garrisoning  Fort 
Butler  was  attacked  by  a  greatly  superior  force,  which  it  bravely  repulsed, 
inflicting  great  loss.  July  4  the  Port  Hudson  contingent  was  ordered  to  Fort 
Butler,  arriving  there  the  next  day.  July  10  the  Twenty-eighth  went  to 
Baton  Rouge,  from  there,  August  6,  to  Augusta,  where  it  was  mustered  out 
August  31,  1863.  The  field  officers  were:  Ephraim  W.  Woodman,  of  Wilton, 
colonel ;  William  E.  Hadlock,  of  Cranberry  Isles,  lieutenant-colonel ;  Joseph  D. 
Bullen,  of  New  Sharon,  major.  ]\[ajor  Bullen  was  murdered  by  a  member  of 
the  Second  Louisiana  Regiment,  July  5,  the  day  after  his  gallant  defense  of 
Fort  Butler.     ■ 

Tivcnty-Ninth  Lifatitry  Reyiment.  —  This  was  a  veteran  regiment,  and  much 
of  its  material  came  from  Androscoggin  county.     In  fact,  the  First,  Tenth,  and 


Military  Affairs.  147 


Twenty-ninth  regiments  could  with  much  justice  be  styled  one  regiment. 
Many  of  the  men  saw  service  in  all  three  regiments,  and  the  same  familiar 
faces  were  seen  among  the  officers.  Among  the  regimental  officers  were: 
George  L.  Beal,  colonel,  also  of  the  Tenth;  Charles  S.  Emerson,  of  Auburn, 
lieutenant-colonel;  William  Ivnowlton,  of  Lewiston,  major ;  Henry  C.  Cotton, 
of  Lisbon,  assistant  surgeon.  Companies  F,  H,  I,  and  K  were  principally 
officered  by  Androscoggin  men.  Eight  companies  were  organized  at  Augusta, 
from  November  lo,  1863,  to  January  30,  18<M,  to  serve  three  years.  ( -ompanies 
A  and  D,  in  service  in  Tennessee  as  part  of  the  Tenth  Maine  Battalion,  were 
transferred  to  complete  the  regimental  organization,  joining  it  at  New  Orleans, 
where  the  regiment  arrived  Februar}^  1(3,  18»)4.  Taking  part  in  the  Red  River 
campaign,  the  regiment" rendered  effective  and  brilliant  service  in  the  battles 
of  Mansfield  and  Pleasant  Hill,  La.,  April  8  and  9,  1861.  On  April  23,  the 
action  at  Cane  River  Crossing  was  fought,  where  the  Twenty-ninth  aided  in 
driving  the  enemy.  Soon  after,  at  Alexandria,  it  assisted  in  building  the 
famous  dam  that  saved  the  Federal  fleet.  After  this  it  was  in  camp  at 
Morganzia  Bend  until  ordered  to  join  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  July. 
Arriving  in  Washington  July  12,  it  was  made  part  of  the  iVrmy  of  the 
Shenandoah,  and  was  in  all  its  marches  and  encounters  with  the  Confederates, 
including  tlie  battles  of  Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill,  and  Cedar  Creek,  doing 
gallant  service.  October  18,  1864,  Company  A  was  discharged  at  expiration 
of  service,  and  its  place  taken  by  the  First  Company  of  Unassigned  Infantry, 
organized  at  Augusta  September  16,  1864,  for  one  year's  service.  Major 
Ivnowlton  died  September  20,  1864,  from  wounds  received  in  the  battle  of 
Winchester,  and  Captain  George  H.  Nye  commissioned  in  his  stead.  December 
20,  1864,  Major  Nye  was  made  colonel  and  took  command  of  the  regiment. 
Colonel  Beal  having  been  commissioned  brigadier-general.  Adjutant  John  M. 
Gould  was  now  promoted  to  major.  January  1,  1865,  the  Twenty-ninth  was 
encamped  near  Stephenson  Depot,  Va.,  and  for  over  three  months  was  on 
special  service  at  various  points.  April  20,  18<)5,  it  went  to  Washington,  and 
May  4  and  5  was  on  guard  over  the  assassins  of  President  Lincoln  at  Wash- 
ington Arsenal.  May  23  it  participated  in  the  grand  review  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  at  Washington.  May  31,  1865,  Company  A  and  all  whose 
time  expired  before  the  next  October,  were  ordered  to  be  mustered  out.  June 
1,  1865,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  South  Carolina,  where  it  was  divided  into 
detachments  and  stationed  at  various  places,  with  headquarters  at  Darlington. 
Its  duties  were  here  extremely  arduous  and  consisted  in  part  in  investigating 
complaints  made  by  freedmen  and  planters,  in  making  contracts  between  them, 
and  in  the  various  unpleasant  offices  connected  with  the  operation  of  the 
Freedmen's  Bureau  and  the  reconstruction  period.  June  21,  1866,  the  regi- 
ment was  mustered  out  of  the  United  States  service  at  Hilton  Head,  S.  C, 
and  paid  off  and  discharged  June  27,  at  Hart's  Island  in  New  York  Harbor, 


148 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


ROSTER. 


George  H.  Nye,  Col, 

Charles  S.  Emerson,  Lieut-Col, 

Win  Knowlton,  Maj.,  d  Sept.  20,  (i4, 

George  Knox,  Chap.,  died  Oct.  31,  04, 

Chas  H.  Webster,  Chap., 

Henry  C.  Cotton,  Asst-Surg., 

C.  H.  Pettingill,  Com.-Serg., 

John  F.  Chamberlain.  Cora.-Serg., 

Horace  N.  Johnson,  leader  of  band, 

Roscoe  G.  Buck,  band, 

Adoniram  B.  Crafts,  band, 

Emery  E.  Larrabee,  old  A, 

James  Guiney,  old  A, 

Leonard  Jepson,  old  A, 

Dudley  F.  Sanborn,  old  A, 

Samuel  N.  Royal,  old  A, 

James  H.  Thurston,  old  A, 

Edward  S.  Butler,  Capt.,  A, 

Dennis  E.  Lowell,  Serg.,  A, 

Almon  J.  Gardner,  Serg.,  A, 

Samuel  W.  Lovell,  Serg.,  A, 

John  Howarth,  Mus.,  A, 

William  Ashton,  A, 

John  C.  Bridges,  A, 

George  Bubier,  Jr, 

Dennis  Farrell,  A, 

Alonzo  Gipson,  A, 

"William  Gipson,  A, 

Michael  Joice,  A, 

Hiram  Jordan,  A, 

Patrick  Lahey,  A, 

Alzamon  H.  Maxwell,  A, 

John  F.  Murphy,  A, 

John  Shehan,  A, 

John  Sweeney,  A, 

Michael  Sweeney,  A, 

F.  D.  Thompson,  A, 

Levi  Thompson,  A, 

Ezra  R.  Wright,  A, 

Freedom  H.  Mander,  1st  Lieut,  A, 

A.  C.  F.  Stevens,  1st  Serg.,  A, 

George  W.  Noyes,  Serg.,  A, 

John  Emerson,  Serg.,  A, 

Almon  J.  Gardner,  Serg.,  A, 

Henry  H.  Bailey,  Corp.,  A, 

Caiman  H.  Allen,  Corp.,  A, 

Fernando  A.  Blossom,  A, 

Selanus  Decker,  A, 

David  P.  Field,  A, 

David  Given,  A, 

Seth  B.  Johnson,  A, 

Isaac  B.  Martin,  A, 

Major  B.  Merrill,  A,  died  Oct.  21,  18G4 

Oren  B.  Merrow,  A, 

Aretas  B.  Penney,  A, 

Virgil  P.  Rounds,  A, 


Lewiston 

Auburn 

Lewiston 


Lisbon 
Auburn 


Lewiston 


Auburn 


Azel  Staples,  Jr,  A,  Auburn 

Simon  M.  Stevens,  A,  ,, 

Arba  H.  Trufant,  A,  „ 

Wm  R.  Vickery,  A,  ,, 

L.  E.  Woodl)ury,  A,  ,, 

Chas  W.  Gerrish,  Lieut,  A,  Lisbon 

John  Wallace,  Serg.,  A,  ,, 

George  S.  Curtis,  Serg.,  A,  ,, 
Edward  J.  Ander.son,  A,  died  Oct.  13,  64,      ,, 

Zeba  A.  Ayer,  A,  ,, 

Wm  R.  Garcelon,  A,  ,, 

Thos  S.  Y'onland,  A,  ,, 

Volney  Leavitt,  Corp.,  A,  kd,  1804,  Livermore 

Marshall  W.  Child,  A,  ,, 

Charles  F.  Ellis,  A,  „ 
Leonard  F.  Nash,  A,  died  Oct.  21,  1804,      „ 


Leeds 

"Webster 

Mechanic  Falls 

Webster 

Turner 


Durham 

Poland 

Lewiston 


Henry  T.  Frost,  Corp.,  A, 

James  H.  Gardner,  A, 

Alonzo  L.  Tarr,  A, 

La  F.  Tenney,  A, 

Boynton  C.  Hewey,  A, 

Horatio  G.  Small,  A, 

Addis  E.  Luke,  Corp.,  A, 

Francis  M.  Allen,  A, 

Wm  W.  Holmes,  A, 

George  C.  Wheaton,  A, 

William  McInto.sh,  A, 

Dexter  D.  Skinner,  A, 

G.  P.  McFaden,  Serg.,  B, 

Francis  M.  Chase,  Serg.,  B, 

Silas  R.  Cummings,  Serg.,  B, 

John  F.  Quimby,  Sgt,  B,  d  Mar.  I'J,  66, 

Barton  H.  Ross,  Serg.,  B, 

Levi  B.  Johnson,  Corp.,  B,  d  July  20,  04, 

Calvin  G.  Estes,  Corp.,  B, 

Eli  Owen,  Corp.,  B, 

li'rank  M.  Furber,  B,  died  Sept.  19,  04, 

William  McDonald,  B, 

Loring  Parcher,  B, 

C.  W.  Patterson,  B, 

Henry  W.  Furbish,  B, 

Samuel  R.  Harris,  B,  died  June  11,  64, 

Jeremiah  Sullivan,  B, 

Lewis  McKinney,  B, 

David  Parker,  B, 

Charles  E.  Piper,  B,  died  July  15,  64, 

Enoch  Perkins,  B, 

Orlando  C.  Gamage,  B, 

William  H.  Starbird,  B, 

Josiah  Keene,  B, 

Henry  Shea,  B, 

Louville  Smith,  B,  killed  Oct.  19,  64, 

George  W.  Gage,  Corp.,  C, 

Frank  H.  Nealley,  C,  „ 

John  Goold,  C,  '  ,, 

Charles  McDonald,  C,  Auburn 


Greene 


Auburn 


Turner 

Leeds 

Poland 

Lewiston 


Military  Affairs. 


149 


Benjamin  R.  Irish,  D,  Auburn 

Gbarles  H.  Jumper,  Lieut,  D,  Lewiston 

Daniel  Flanders,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

Morris  B.  Hobbs,  D,  ,, 

Nabum  L.  Hunt,  D,  ,, 

Elmer  Cbipman,  D,  Mechanic  Falls 

John  A.  Putman,  D,  Livermore 

Amos  Bucknam,  D,  Auburn 

Edward  Record,  D,  ,, 

Henry  K.  Millett,  Capt.,  E,  ,, 
Samuel  T.  Hill,  D, 

William  Lowry,  E,  Lewiston 

Levi  M.  Garcelon,  Corp.,  E,  East  Livermore 

Charles  G.  Smith,  E,  Lewiston 
William  Knowlton,  Capt.,  F,  pro  Maj.,       ,, 

Abel  G.  Rankin,  Capt.,  F,  ,, 

Levi  W.  Harmon,  Lieut,  F,  ,, 
Harrison  B.  Winter,  Lieut,  F,  died 

June  26,  65,  ,, 

Harrison  A.  Tripp,  Serg.,  F,  ,, 

George  H.  Gould,  Serg.,  F,  „ 
Charles  H.  Palin,  Serg.,  F, 

Charles  W.  Heney,  Serg.,  F,  Lewiston 

James  Low,  Corp.,  F,  ,, 
Charles  Dennett,  Corp.,  F,  d  May  11, 64,      ,, 

C.  H.  Kenison,  Corp.,  F,  d  Sept.  1,  64,         ,, 

Andrew  Jackson,  Corp.,  F,  ,, 

James  M.  Stevens,  Corp.,  F,  „ 

Gerry  E.  Coolidge,  F,  ,, 

David  Davis,  F,  ,, 

Nathaniel  Davis,  F,  died  Sept.  5,  64,  ,, 

Fred  A.  Howard,  F,  ,, 

John  A.  Kincaid,  F,  died  Dec.  5, 64,  ,, 

John  Maloney,  F,  ,, 
Hugh  McGlincb,  F, 

Harrison  O.  Plaise,  F,  died  Apr.  12,  64,        ,, 

Charles  Pray,  F,  died  Aug.  20,  64,  ,, 

Dennis  Roberts,  F,  died  July  29,  64,              ,, 

Dudley  F.  Sanborn,  F,  ,, 

Frank  Stebbins,  F,  „ 

Mont.  Tuttle,  F,  „ 

Loring  Josselyn,  Corp.,  F,  Auburn 

Enos  H.  Stevens,  Serg.,  F,  ,, 
Caleb  S.  Gilbert,  F, 

Charles  Gilmore,  F,  ,, 

Isaac  Hill,  F,  .                „ 

Jacob  L.  Woodman,  F,  ,, 

W.  N.  Martin,  Corp.,  F,  Minot 
H.  B.  Johnson,  F, 

George  F.  Chandler,  F,  Lisbon 

Levi  W.  Harmon,  Lieut,  G,  Lewiston 
Russell  S.  Worthing,  G, 

Frank  Devereaux,  G,  Auburn 

Joseph  W.  Parker,  G,  Danville 

L.  K.  Lane,  ,, 

William  C.  Stevens,  G,  Greene 

Zebedee  Cushman,  G,  Minot 

Granville  Blake,  Capt.,  H,  Auburn 

Nathan  H.  Landers,  Lieut,  H,  ,, 


Nath.  F.  French,  Serg.,  H,  d  Oct. 9, 64,   Auburn 

Henry  C.  Pratt,  Serg.,  H,  „ 

George  W.  Herridon,  Serg.,  H,  „ 

George  M.  Roak,  Serg.,  H,  ,, 

Edward  H.  Sawyer,  Serg.,  H,  ,, 

Ira  A.  Kneeland,  Corp.,  H,  „ 

John  C.  Stevens,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 

George  P.  Wyman,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 
William  H.  Wentworth,  Corp.,  H,  died 

August  9,  64,  ,, 

Samuel  L.  Stevens,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 
William  H.  Brackett,  Corp.,  H, 

William  H.  Lunt,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 

Roland  W.  Randall,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 

William  Bickerton,  H,  ,, 

Fred  N.  Burrill,  H,  ,, 

Albert  H.  Chamberlain,  H,  ,, 

Adon.  B.  Crafts,  11,  ,, 
Eben  Kneeland,  H,  died  May  19,  64, 

Daniel  Davis,  H,  ,, 
Winfield  S.  Walton,  H,  killed, 

Albion  A.  Drake,  H,  ,, 

Henry  S.  Drake,  H,  ,, 
Asa  H.  Fish,  H, 

Adolphus  S.  Read,  H,  ,, 
Charles  B.  Wentworth,  H,  d  July  7,  64, 
George  B.  Coburn,  Lieut,  H,                   Lewiston 

Stephen  K.  Estes,  Serg.,  H,  ,, 

Andrew  J.  Magill,  Serg.,  H,  ,, 

Mark  Grover,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 

William  H.  Given,  Mus.,  H,  „ 

Joseph  Brooks,  H,  „ 

Adelbert  Holland,  H,  „ 

George  D.  Humphrey,  H,  ,, 

Peter  Lawrence,  H,  ,, 

Edouard  Legendre,  H,  ,, 

Jules  Legendre,  H,  „ 

Michael  Locklin,  H,  „ 

Hiram  W.  Loring,  H,  „ 

John  F.  Donovan,  H,  ,, 

Timothy  Donovan,  H,  Auburn 
Daniel  Field,  H,                                         Lewiston 

Lawrence  Rourk,  H,  „ 

Holman  Foss,  H,  ,, 

John  L.  Hamlin,  H,  ,, 

John  Morton,  H,  ,, 
Frank  Thibault,  H, 

Hartwell  S.  French,  Lieut,  H,  Turner 

Samuel  S.  Butler,  H,  ,, 
William  B.  Butler,  H,  died  July  30,  64, 

William  W.  Keene,  H,  „ 

William  I.  Hayford,  H,  „ 

Charles  L.  Metcalf,  H,  ,, 

Charles  A.  Metcalf,  Serg.,H,  LLsbon 

Fred  S.  My  rick,  H,  „ 
John  S.  Merrill,  H, 
Robert  L.  Taylor,  H, 

Frank  Dumas,  H,  Minot 

Stephen  Herbert,  H,  „ 


150 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Joseph  St  Hiliare,  H,  Minot 

Charles  S.  Smith,  H,  d  July  29,  64,  Poland 

Almon  C.  Pray,  Capt.,  I,  Auburn 

C.  H.  Pettingill,  Lieut,  I,  ,i 

Augustus  White,  Serg.,  I,  died  in  service,      ,, 
Edward  H.  Sawyer,  Serg.,  I,  ,. 

Charles  H.  Crane,  Serg.,  I,  ., 

George  G.  Philbrook,  Serg.,  I,  ,, 

Cyrus  B.  Towusend,  Corp.,  I,  >> 

Charles  H.  Welch,  Corp.,  I,  „ 

Frank  H.  Read,  Mus.,  I,  „ 

Augustus  E.  Briggs,  I,  » 

A.  A.  Chamberlain,  I,  >> 

Washington  Martin,  I,  „ 

Charles  T.  Davis,  I,  Auburn 

John  T.  Dennison,  I,  ., 

Enoch  L.  Hall,  I, 

Augustus  Noyes,  I,  „ 

Jona  E.  Piper,  I,  died  Aug.  4,  04,  ,, 

Billings  J.  Hood,  I, 

Elbridge  G.  Snow,  I,  ,, 

Martin  L.  Verrill,  I,  ,, 

George  White,  I,  ,, 

Murray  B.  Watson,  I,  pro  Lieut  Militia,        ,, 
Isaac  D.  Yeaton,  I,  d  Aug.  14,  ()4,  ,, 

John  L.  Hoyt,  Lieut,  I,  kd  Oct. 

19,  64, 
H.  L.  Wadsworth,  Corp.,  I,  „ 

John  Noonan,  I,  ,, 

L.  F.  Paine,  I,  d  May  8,  64,  ,, 

George  S.  Dickenson,  I,  ,, 

A.  J.  Walton,  I,  killed,  „ 

Allen  Howarth,  Serg.,  I, 
Leonard  O.  Smith,  Serg.,  I, 
Harrison  W.  Smith,  Serg.,  I, 
Hugh  Lyon,  Serg.,  I, 
James  Donovan,  Corp.,  I, 
Daniel  Donovan,  Corp.,  I, 
George  B.  Morrill,  I, 
Charles  A.  Deshon,  F, 
John  A.  Phelps,  1,  died  Apr.  27,  04, 
Aratus  Small,  I, 
Levi  H.  Webber,  I, 
Allen  C.  Snow,  I, 
Charles  N.  Ware,  I, 
Michael  Sweeney,  I, 
Arza  B.  Webber,  I, 
Josiah  H.  Mower,  Serg.,  I, 
Henry  Sanborn,  Wag.,  I, 
Aaron  Mower,  I  (Lisbon), 
Albion  P.  Mower,  I, 
William  Donnell,  I, 
Gardner  Smith.  I, 
Edsell  A.  Douglass,  Corp.,  I, 
Ezra  Purinton,  I, 
George  P.  Moody,  I, 
Levi  Robinson,  I, 

Jas.  P.  Sutherland,  Corp,,  I,  d  in  service, 
Gideon  Hammond,  I,  died  in  service, 


East  Livermore 


Lewiston 
Auburn 


Greene 


Lisbon 


Elias  K.  Webber,  K, 
Henry  McFarland,  I, 
Eli  Owen,  I, 
James  H.  Thurston,  I, 
Joshua  M.  Wagg,  I, 


Lisbon 

Wales 

Lewiston 

Danville 

Durham 


Henry  A.  Wyman,  I,  d  May  12,  64,     Livermore 
George  H.  Nye,  Capt.,  K,  Lewiston 

Albert  E.  Kingsley,  Capt.,  K,  ,, 
William  Bagnall,  Lt,  K,  d  July  10,  64, 

Charles  H.  Jumper,  1st  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Jno.  A.  Willard,  1st  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Samuel  H.  Jumper,  1st  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

James  E.  Osgood,  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Thomas  A.  Thorn,  Serg.,  K,  „ 

Henry  A.  Smith,  Serg.,  K,  „ 

Jarvis  T.  Beal,  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Aaron  T.  Corliss,  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

John  Q.  A.  Jumper,  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

George  W.  Bickford,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

John  K.  Morrill,  Corp.,  K,  pro  Serg.,  ,, 

James  H.  Walker,  Corp.,  K,  „ 

John  Clear,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Alph.  B.  Holland,  Corp.,  K,  „ 

Albert  E.  Hanson,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 
Chester  H.  Thing,  Corp.,  K, 

Melvin  Woodcock,  Wag.,  K,  ,, 

John  G.  Annas,  K,  ,, 

John  S.  B.  Arris,  K,  „ 

Gilbert  H.  Bailey,  K,  band,  ,, 

James  Baloff,  K,  ,, 

James  B.  Blackstone,  K,  „ 

S.  C.  Blackstone,  K,  „ 

Houghton  Bond,  K,  ,, 

William  Bray,  K,  „ 

Richard  Butler,  K,  ,, 

Thomas  Kelley,  K,  ,, 

Em.  E.  Larrabee,  K,  „ 

James  E.  Magner,  K,  ,, 

Elias  Maloon,  K,  ,, 

Frederick  Miller,  K,  ,, 

John  E.  McDonald,  K,  „ 

Plummer  R.  Nevens,  K,  ,, 

Frederick  Palmer,  K,  „ 

Patrick  Collins,  K,  ,,  . 

Thomas  A.  Emmons,  K,  „ 
Joseph  Flood,  K,  died  July  21,  64, 

Harry  Freeman,  K,  ,, 
Willis  Goodridge,  K,  died  June  18,  64, 

William  T.  Graffam,  K,  ,, 

Charles  A.  Hanson,  K,  ,, 

Isaac  W.  Hodsdon,  K,  „ 

Arthur  T.  Jacobs,  K,  ,, 

Leonard  Jepson,  K,  ,, 

Albert  W.  Potter,  K,  „ 

Andrew  J.  Russell,  K,  „ 

George  N.  Spates,  K,  ,, 

Cassius  R.  Stevens,  K,  „ 

Lorenzo  Parker,  K,  „ 

Leroy  Tarr,  K,  i  „ 


Military  Affairs. 


151 


John  E.  Cutter,  Serg. 

K, 

Webster 

Robert  A.  Woodbury, 

K, 

,, 

Solomon  Dyer,  K, 

Danville 

Samuel  N.  Royal,  K, 

Wales 

Charles  N.  Warren,  K 

, 

Minot 

George  A.  Knox, 

Greene 

Sylvanus  A.  Stevens, 

Auburn 

Jonathan  L.  Stevens, 

,, 

Joseph  A.  Starbird, 

Lisbon 

Fred  A.  Tiffany,  K,  died  July  29,  64,  Lewiston 
Otis  Webber,  K, 

George  M.  Williams,  K,  „ 

John  C.  Wright,  K,  ,, 

Hartwell  S.  French,  Lieut,  K,  Turner 

Albert  N.  Jones,  K,  ,, 

Benjamin  A.  Eaton,  Serg.,  K,  Greene 

V.  P.  Dillingham,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 
Alpheus  G.  Stewart,  K,  died  May  1.  64,        ,, 

Thirtieth  Infantry  Regiment.  —  This  was  organized  at  Augusta  from 
December  12,  1863,  to  January  8,  1864,  for  three  years'  service.  Francis 
Fessenden,  of  Portland,  was  colonel ;  Thomas  H.  Hubbard,  of  Ilallowell, 
lieutenant-colonel;  Royal  E.  Whitman,  of  Turner,  major;  Josiah  C'arr,  of 
Minot,  surgeon ;  and  Simeon  C.  Higgins,  of  Turner,  chaplain.  Companies  A, 
E,  G,  and  K  brought  a  large  contingent  from  Androscoggin  county.  It  went 
direct  to  the  Army  of  the  Galf,  leaving  I'ortland,  February  7,  and  after  a 
month's  rest  in  camp  at  Franklin,  J^a,  entered  upon  the  Red  River 
campaign.  It  had  much  effective  and  veteran  material  in  its  composition,  and 
within  a  month  from  this  time  it  did  honorable  work  in  the  battles  of  Sabine 
Cross  Roads  and  Pleasant  Hill.  April  23,  the  Thirtieth  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  engagement  at  Cane  River  Crossing,  driving  the  Confederates  from  a 
position  considered  impregnable.'  From  May  22  to  July  2,  the  regiment  was 
in  camp  at  Morganzia  Bend,  and  soon  thereafter  was  sent  to  Virginia,  and  not 
long  after  arrival  joined  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah  at  Harper's  Ferry.  In 
September  the  brigade  was  detached  from  its  division  for  arduous  and 
responsible  duties,  and  thus  the  Thirtieth  was  debarred  from  sharing  in  the 
victories  of  September  and  October,  although  without  its  service  of  moving 
and  guarding  valuable  supply  trains,  the  victories  could  not  have  been  won. 
January  8,  1865,  the  regiment  was  joined  at  its  camp  in  Winchester  by  three 
companies  of  re-enlisted  men  and  recruits  of  the  Thirteenth  Maine,  assigned  to 
this  regiment  by  special  order  issued  November  18,  1864.  The  consolidation 
was  completed  in  January  under  the  immediate  orders  of  General  Sheridan, 
the  Thirtieth  forming  seven  companies  and  retaining  the  field  and  staff  officers. 
The  men  of  the  Thirteenth  were  organized  into  a  battalion  of  three  companies, 
commanded  by  officers  of  their  own  regiment,  and  became  Companies  B,  H, 
and  K  in  the  Thirtieth.  This  regiment  formed  part  of  tlie  line  of  sentinels 
around  Washington  during  the  search  for  the  assassins  of  President  Lincoln, 
and  did  guard  duty  at  Washington  Arsenal  while  the  trial  of  the  conspirators 
was  conducted  there.  May  22  it  took  part  in  the  grand  review  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  later  was  on  duty  at  Savannah,  Ga,  until  mustered  out 
August  20,  1865. 

May  12,  1864,  Colonel  Fessenden  was  promoted  to  brigadier-general.  His 
successor.  Colonel  Hubbard,  resigned  July  23,  1865,  and  in  August  the  field 


1  At  this  battle  Colonel  Fessenden  lost  a  leg. 


152 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


officers    were    commissioned  thus:  Royal  E.  Whitman,    colonel;    George    W. 
Randall,  lieutenant-colonel;  Horace  C.  Haskell,  major. 


roster. 


Royal  E.  Whitman,  Major,  pro  Lieut-Col 

and  Col,  Turner 

Josiah  Carr,  Surgeon,  Minot 

Simon  C.  Higgins,  Chaplain,  Turner 

Charles  B.  Rounds,  Q.  M.  S.,  Danville 

Horace  C.  Haskell,  Capt.,  A,  pro  Major,  Turner 
Benjamin  F.  Reals.  Serg.,  A, 
William  H.  Washburn,  Serg.,  A, 
Jacob  Keene,  Jr,  Mus.,  A, 
Ronello  B.  Keene,  Mus.,  A, 
Phil  A.  Bradford,  A,  died  Aug.  7,  04, 
Seth  D.  Bradford,  A,  died  April  22,  04, 
Asa  L.  Berry,  A,  died  July  2,  64, 
Jason  Cutler,  A,  died  July  9,  64, 
John  C.  Carver,  A, 
James  M.  Fish,  A, 

Oscar  L.  Johnson,  A,  killed  in  action, 
Albert  P.  Leavitt,  Corp.,  A, 
William  W.  Noyes,  Lieut,  A, 

pro  Capt.,  E,  East  Livermore 

A.  H.  S.  Garcelon,  A,  died,  ,,  ,, 

Thomas  E.  Nason,  A,  ,,  ,, 

Francis  E.  Dwinel,  1st  Lieut,  A,  Minot 

Ronello  C.  Dwinal,  Corp.,  A,  ,, 

George  W.  Currier,  A,  Hosp.  Steward,  ,, 

Charles  B.  Davis,  A,  kd  April  23,  64, 
Darius  Holt,  A,  ,, 

Charles  Martin,  A,  ,, 

F.  E.  Riggs,  A,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Edward  K.  Verrill,  A,  ,, 

Elbridge  M.  Yeaton,  A,  died  in  service,        ,, 
Jabez  T.  Denning,  Serg.,  A,  Poland 

Charles  W.  Jordan,  Srg.,  A,  d  July  11,  64,    ,, 
Thomas  S.  Bridgham,  A,  ,, 

John  W.  Deguis,  A,  ,, 

William  H.  Fuller,  A,  ,, 

Albert  Griffin,  A, 

Augustus  M.  Jackson,  A,  d  July  11,  64,        ,, 
Edward  F.  Ross,  A, 

Richard  W^eston,  A,  ,, 

Charles  L.  Field,  1st  Serg.,  A,  Danville 

Orrin  Emerson,  Corp.,  A,  pro  Serg., 

trans  V.  It.  C,  ,, 

Martin  Franklin,  Corp.,  A,  ,, 

Charles  Coding,  A,  ,, 

Alvin  L.  Coding,  A, 

Pemliroke  Haskell,  A,  i^ro  Corp.,  ,, 

Nicholas  Leighton,  A, 

Alvah  Leighton,  A,  ,, 

John  J.  Marston,  A,  ,, 

Luther  H.  Morgan,  A,  trans  V.  R.  C,         ,, 
Charles  B.  Rounds,  A,  ,, 

Amos  O.  Witliam,  A,  died  in  service,  ,, 


Francis  S.  Brown,  A,  Livermore 

Cyrus  M.  Barrows,  Serg.,  A,  ,, 

George  W.  Bobbins,  Corp.,  A,  ,, 
William  H.  H.  Goding,  Corp.,  A, 
Charles  H.  Harrington,  Corp.,  A,  died 

July  24,  ()4, 
Elisha  C.  Fuller,  Serg.,  A, 

William  A.  Hyde,  Wagoner,  A,  ,, 

Francis  S.  Brown,  A,  ,, 

Isaac  D.  Fuller,  A,  ,, 

Corydon  L.  Hyde,  A,  died  Aug.  7,64,  ,, 

Joseph  E.  Hyde,  A,  died  Aug.  26,  64,  „ 
Charles  W.  Keith,  A, 

Roscoe  F.  Merrill,  A,  died  in  service,        ,, 

William  S.  Moore,  Corp.,  A,  ,, 

Alden  L.  Norton,  A,  ,, 

George  F.  Rollins,  A,  ,, 

Frank  Roberts,  A,  died  in  captivity,  ,, 

Llewellyn  C   Vining,  A,  d  in  service,  ,, 
Amsbra  Bubier,  A,                                    Lewiston 

Allen  C.  Ford,  A,  died  in  service,  Danville 

Franklin  Hackett,  A,  ,, 

John  M.  Stockwell,  Corp.,  A,  Lewiston 

Joseph  M.  Curtis,  A,  kd  April  9,  64,  Leeds 

Thomas  G.  Pratt,  A,  Greene 

Alfred  Richardson,  G,  ,, 

Stillman  Bond,  C,  trans  to  G,  ,, 
William  H.  Starbird,  G, 

Charles  H.  Lowell,  Corp.,  C,  tr  to  G,  ,, 

Joseph  P.  Tripp,  C,  Poland 
Geo.  F.  Newell,  Corp.,  D,  k  in  action.    Auburn 

Sumner  N.  Strout,  Lieut,   E,  killed,  Durham 

Nath.  D.  Chase,  Serg..  E,  ,, 

Preston  R.  Strout,  Corp.,  E,  ,, 

Albert  Owen,  Serg.,  E,  „ 

Albert  Crockett,  E,  „ 

Ezekiel  S.  Brown,  E,  ,, 

John  Merrill,  E,  died  in  service,  ,, 

George  L.  Macomber,  E,  ,, 

Samuel  Newell,  E,  trans  to  V.  R.  C,  ,, 

Cyrus  A.  Roak,  E,  " 

Willard  J.  Fi.sh,  E,  Leeds 
Kirke  W.  Moses,  Capt.,  G,                      Lewiston 

Jos.  W.  Harville,  Serg.,  G,  pro  Lieut,  " 
William  F.  Forbes,  Serg.,  G, 
Elbridge  G.  Thomas,  1st  Serg.,  G, 
George  W.  Goodbehere,  Serg.,  G,  pro 

Serg. -Major,  ,, 
Nathan  D.  Colder,  Corp.,  G, 

James  R.  Braley,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Jacob  E.  Brown,  G,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Moses  A.  Dunton,  G,  ,, 
John  Holland,  Jr,  G,  d  in  rebel  prison,        ,, 


Military  Affairs. 


153 


John  B.  Lucas,  G,  died  in  service, 

Charles  H.  Ward,  G, 

Justin  K.  Richardson,  Lieut,  G, 

Bracket.t  M.  Field,  Corp.,  G, 

Asa  Garcelon,  G, 

Moses  A.  Briggs,  G, 

George  H.  Cooledge,  G, 

John  Casey,  G,  trans  to  A. 

Phil  H.  Fernald,  G,  died  in  service, 

Charles  H.  Colby,  G, 

Albert  Urinkwater,  G, 

John  C.  Jordan,  G, 

Franklin  F.  Robinson,  Corp.,  G, 

Almon  Fogg,  G,  died  in  service, 

Charles  B.  Beal,  G, 

William  E.  Longley,  G, 

Orrin  Furbush,  G, 

Llew^ellyn  O.  Foster,  G, 

John  H.  Hanscomb,  G, 

Hiram  Jewell,  G, 

Albert  F.  Gilmore,  G, 

William  O.  Parlin,  G, 

Wm  M.  B.  Hasey,  H,  died  in  service, 

Hiram  Polly,  H, 

Thomas  B.  Edgecomb,  H,  trans  to  A, 

Francis  T.  Page,  I,  trans  to  V.R.  C, 

Alba  C.  Hicks,  I, 

John  Little,  I, 

Nathan  Smith,  I, 

Chandler  B.  Bailey,  Lieut,  G,  transferred 

from  K, 
George  E.  Bartlett,  K,  trans  to  E, 
Ichabod  Goodrich,  K,  trans  to  G, 
Cyrus  Oliver,  K,  trans  to  G, 
John  E.  Oliver,  K,  trans  to  G, 
Richard  J.  Cook,  K,  killed,         E 


Lewiston 

Samuel  P.  Tripp,  A,  died  in  captivity, 

Minot 

,, 

Sylvester  D.  Brown,  A,                 East  Livermore 

Turner 

Charles  A.  Fogg,  A, 

Greene 

Danville 

Francis  A.  Libby,  A, 

Lewiston 

" 

Charles  S.  Ricker,  A, 

Auburn 

Auburn 

Edgar  D.  Swett,  A, 

Turner 

Livermore 

Charles  0.  Warren,  A,  trans  from  H, 

Lewiston 

,, 

Joseph  O.  G.  Nichols,  Serg.,  B, 

Auburn 

,, 

Freeman  L.  Jackson,  B, 

,, 

W  ebster 

James  M.  Ramsdell,  B, 

ji 

jj 

Charles  L.  Connor,  Mus.,  B, 

Lewiston 

,, 

George  H.  Clark,  Mus.,  B, 

,, 

,, 

John  McNulty,  B,  trans  from  K, 

,, 

Greene 

Joshua  Harmon,  B, 

Webster 

,, 

Harrison  D.  Lowell,  B, 

Greene 

J, 

Charles  Holt,  D, 

Lewiston 

J, 

Edwin  Smith,  E,  trans  from  K, 

jj 

Wales 

Charles  Dingman,  K,  trans  from  B, 

jj 

,, 

William  H.  Garcelon,  G, 

Webster 

,, 

James  E.  Weymouth,  G, 

Wales 

Leeds 

Albert  N.  Ames,  Lieut,  K, 
Wesley  Carville,  K, 

Lewiston 

Lisbon 

Robert  England,  K, 
Augustus  O.  Fish,  K, 
Luther  Litchfield,  K, 

Leeds 

John  P.  Murphy,  K, 

Lewiston 

Charles  L.  Newton,  K, 

,, 

Daniel  Severance,  K, 

,, 

Jesse  F.  Swett,  K, 

rred 

Isaac  G.  Tarr,  K, 

Turner 

Patrick  Flynn,  K, 

Lewiston 

Josiah  Jones,  K, 

Lisbon 

,, 

George  I.  Storer,  K, 

Auburn 

,, 

G.  F.  Hodgdou,                               East  Livermore 

,, 

C.  F.  Fogg, 

,, 

Livermore 

R.  S.  Clark, 

)> 

TJurt^-Flrst  Infantry  Regiment.  —  This  regiment  was  organized  from  March 
1,  1864,  to  April  29,  1864,  to  serve  three  years.  The  colonelcy  was  given  to 
George  Varney,  who  soon  declined  to  serve,  and  Thomas  Hight,  of  Augusta,  a 
graduate  of  West  Point,  was  commissioned  in  his  stead.  Stephen  C  Talbot, 
of  Machias,  became  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Captain  Daniel  White,  of  Company 
A,  advanced  to  major.  Richard  R.  Ricker,  of  Minot,  was  assistant  surgeon. 
Joining  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on  May  6,  the  regiment  lost  heavily  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness,  and  on  May  12  was  in  that  of  Spottsylvania,  where 
its  loss  was  great.  For  six  days  thereafter  it  was  under  fire.  May  21  it 
marched  to  the  Po  river,  thence  to  the  North  Anna,  which  it  crossed  on 
May  24  under  the  enemy's  fire.  Skirmishing  for  several  days,  on  June  1  was 
fought  the  battle  of  Tolopotomoy,  and  June  3  ensued  the  hotly-contested 
engagements  at  Bethesda  Church,  where  fifteen  were  killed  and  thirty-nine 
wounded.  For  its  gallantry  here  it  received  from  General  Griffin,  command- 
ing brigade,  this  compliment:  "  The  Thirty-first  Maine  has  made  for  itself  a 


154 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


most  brilliant  record,  and  won  for  its  officers  and  men  imperishable  renown." 
The  regiment  was  at  Cold  Harbor  the  next  day,  and  under  fire  and  in  frequent 
skirmishes  until  the  twelfth,  suffering  greatly  from  the  shells  and  sharpshooters 
of  the  Confederates.  On  the  seventeenth  it  took  part  in  the  assault  and 
capture  of  the  Confederate  works  at  Petersburg,  and  remained  under  fire, 
losing  many  men,  until  the  thirtieth,  when  the  regiment  was  assigned  to  an 
important  position  in  the  memorable  action  of  that  day,  and  its  soldiers  were 
the  first  to  enter  the  rebel  works.  Here  Colonel  White  was  taken  prisoner. 
From  this  time  until  August  18,  the  Thirty-first  was  on  picket  duty  within 
range  of  the  enemy's  guns.  At  the  battle  of  Poplar  Spring  Church,  Sep- 
tember 30,  it  did  grand  service.  Later  it  garrisoned  Fort  Fisher,  where  it  was 
joined  by  the  Fourth  and  Sixth  companies  of  unassigned  infantry  organized  at 
Augusta  in  October,  1864,  for  one  year.  These  became  companies  L  and  M  of 
the  Thirty-first.  In  December,  485  soldiers  of  the  'J'hirty-second  were  consol- 
idated with  this  regiment.  April  2  it  was  engaged  in  an  assault  on  the  enemy's 
works,  and  lost  heavily.  From  April  20  until  July  15,  1865,  when  it  was 
mustered  out,  the  Thirty-first  was  in  camp  at  Alexandria.  The  Official  Army 
Register  says  that  Colonel  Hight  was  discharged  July  2,  1864,  and  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Stephen  C.  Talbot  discharged  July  6,  1864.  Colonel  Daniel  White 
was  commissioned  July  8,  1864;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Edward  L.  Getchell  com- 
missioned October  21, 1864,  and  brevetted  colonel  April  2,  1865;  Major  George 
A.  Bolton,  commissioned  November  23,  1864,  and  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel, 
April  2,  1865.     Captain  Ebenezer  S.  Keyes  was  brevetted  major,  April  2,  1865. 

ROSTER. 


Rich  R.  Ricker,  Asst  Surgeon, 
Ansel  L.  Brooks,  B,  from  32d, 
Caleb  W.  Battles,  B,  from  .32d, 
Wesley  C.  Herrick,  B, 
Granville  R.  Herrick,  B,  from  32il, 
Rufus  W.  Herrick,  Corp.,  B,  from  .32d 
Ronello  S.  Herrick,  B,  from  32d, 
Charles  Seavey,  B,  from  32d, 
Benjamin  F.  Thurston,  B,  from32d, 
Caleb  Battles,  B,  from  32d, 
Charles  M.  Cobb,  C,  from  ;52d, 
Alphonso  I'ulcifer,  C,  from  32d, 
Benj.  F.  Roberts,  Corp.,  C,  from  32d, 
Robert  J.  Arris,  D,  from  32d, 
.John  W.  Abbott,  D,  from  32d, 
Forrest  E.  Bisbee,  D,  from  32d, 
Lora  H.  Collins,  Serg.,  D,  from32d, 
Leonard  G.  Dingley,  D,  from  32d, 
John  Dyer,  D,  from  32d,  tr  to  V.  R.  C, 
Charles  S.  Dyer,  D,  from  .ad, 
Charles  H.  Goodwin,  D,  from  32d, 
John  L.  Ham,  Serg.,  D,  from  32d, 
Alvah  N.  Ham,  Corp.,  D,  from  32d, 
John  Joyce,  D,  from  32d, 


Minot 


Leeds 
Poland 


Livermore 
Poland 


Durham 

Lewiston 


Timothy  Kennedy,  D,  from  .32d,  Lewiston 

Henry  C.  Litchfield,  D,  from  32d,  „ 
Henry  M.  Lord,  D,  from  32d,                '         „ 
A.  K.  P.  Marston,  D,  from  32d, 
Alg.  M.  Mitchell,  D,  fr  32d,  tr  V.  R.  C, 
Cleveland  B.  Merrill,  D,  from  .32d, 

Lewis  F.  Mixer,  D,  from  .32d,  „ 

William  H.  Nevens,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 
C.  N.  Pettengill,  1st  Serg.,  D,  from  ;?2d,      ,, 

Moses  W.  Tarr,  D,  from  .32d,  ,, 

Hiram  K.  Thompson,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

Charles  E.  Thompson,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

James  F.  Tarbox,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

Daniel  Tarbox,  Jr,  D,  from  .32d,  ,, 
Josiah  H.  Witham,  D,  from  32d, 

Frank  Wright,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

Benjamin  Witham,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

Andrew  J.  Bryant,  D,  from  32d,  Turner 

Hiram  A.  Conant,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

Cephas  J.  Fish,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

Albion  Hood,  Wagoner,  D,  from  32d,  ,, 

Daniel  G.  Harlow,  D,  from  32d,  „ 

Mellen  N.  Jones,  D,  from  32d,  „ 

Fred  I.  Johnson,  D,  from  32d,  „ 


Military  Affairs. 


155 


Oliver  N.  Leavitt,  D,  from  o2d, 
Alvora  S.  Pease,  D,  from  .Had, 
Isaac  Phillips,  D,  from  o2d, 
Ossian  C.  Phillips,  D,  from  32d, 
George  Sylvester,  D,  from  32d, 
John  W.  Beokler,  D,  from  32d, 
Loren  W.  Morse,  D,  from  .">2d, 
Ejias  A.  Morse,  D,  from  32d, 
Hebron  Norton,  D,  from  32d, 
Thomas  M.  Pratt,  D,  from  32d, 
Rogers  A.  Foss,  Corp.,  D,  from  32d, 
Andrew  J.  Gould,  D,  from  32d, 
Luther  M.  Smith,  D,  from  32d, 
Augustus  Smith,  D,  from  32d, 
Francis  E.  Salisbury,  D,  from  .32d, 
Solomon  Anderson,  E,  from  ;>2d, 
David  II.  Stevens,  E,  from  32d, 
James  S.  Townsend,  E,  from  33d, 
Albert  Bessey,  E,  from  32d, 
Charles  T.  Bailey,  E,  from  32d, 
Alonzo  D.  Edgecomb,  E,  from  32d, 
Henry  R.  Merrill,  E,  from  32d, 
Israel  C.  Taylor,  E,  from  .32d, 


Turner 


Livermore 


Lisbon 


Auburn 


Webster 
Lewiston 
Livermore 


Gilbert  Winslow,  E,  from  32d,  Livermore 

Mark  A.  Ilerrick,  G,  from  32d,  Poland 

Charles  W.  Verrill,  G,  from  32d,  died  in 

rebel  prison,  July  15,  65,  ,, 

Charles  II.  Judkins,  G,  from  .32d,  Lewiston 

S.  S.  T.  Marriner,  G,  from  32d,  died 

Dec.  1,  C)4,  in  rebel  prison,  ,, 

Albert  A.  Palmer,  G,  from  32d, 
George  V.  Rose,  G,  from  .32d,  Livermore 

Michael  Sullivan,  H,  from  .32d,  died 

March  20,  65,  Lewiston 

Almon   Strout,  H,  from  32d,   died   in 

captivity,  Poland 

Charles  M.  Labree,  I,  from  .32d,  Wales 

James  B.  Richardson,  K,  from  32d,  ,, 

Charles  B.  Rounds,  1st  Lieut,  K,  from 

32d,  pro  Captain,  Danville 

Charles  W.  Wills,  K,  from  32d,  Durham 

Edward  Higgins,  L,  Lewiston 

Jones  L.  Haskell,  Musician,  L,  ,, 

Joseph  C.  Norris,  D,  died  in  rebel 

prison,  East  Livermore 

Woodbury  S.  Libby,  F,  Minot 


Thirty-Second  Infantry  Re<iiment.  —  Tliis  was  organized  under  the  call  of 
the  President  made  February  1,  1864,  and  organized  at  Augusta  from  March  3 
to  May  6,  Company  D  coming  from  Androscoggin.  Mark  F.  Wentworth,  of 
Kittery,  was  colonel;  John  M.  Brown,  of  Portland,  lieutenant-colonel;  Arthur 
Deering,  of  Richmond,  major.  Owing  to  the  demand  for  troops  in  the  field, 
six  companies,  under  command  of  Major  Deering,  left  for  Virginia,  April  20. 
They  were  assigned  to  the  Second  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Ninth  Army 
Corps,  and  marched  to  Bristow  Station,  April  27.  May  5,  in  connection  with 
the  Ninth  New  Hampshire,  they  covered  the  rear  of  the  army  and  marched 
twenty-five  miles  to  the  Kappahannock,  losing  many  who  were  taken  prisoners. 
The  march  continued  until  May  12,  when  in  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania,  which 
continued  for  days,  they  rendered  valiant  and  valuable  service  in  the  most 
exposed  part  of  the  lines.  They  crossed  the  North  Anna  under  heavy 
cannonading,  threw  up  three  lines  of  works,  and  were  joined  by  the  balance  of 
the  regimental  organization.  At  Cold  Harbor  the  regiment  lost  heavily  June  3, 
and  June  17  captured  a  line  of  the  rebels'  works  at  Petersburg.  On  the 
nineteenth,  advancing  two  or  three  miles  the  regiment  erected  fortifications, 
the  men  digging  the  earth  with  bayonets  and  putting  it  in  place  with  dippers 
and  their  hands.  Here  it  remained  until  the  fort  in  front  was  blown  up,  when 
it  took  a  most  active  part  in  the  charge  which  followed  the  explosion.  In  this 
it  lost  eleven  officers  and  one  hundred  men  killed,  wounded,  and  taken 
prisoners.  September  30  a  bloody  battle  occurred  near  Pegram  House  between 
this  regiment  and  a  numerous  enemy,  in  which  it  was  completely  routed  and 
nearly  annihilated  by  the  greatly  superior  force.  December  12  the  Thirty- 
second  was  consolidated  with  the  Thirty-first  Kegiment. 


156 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Colonel  Wentwortli  was  discharged  October  18,  1864,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
John  M.  Brown  September  12,  1864,  Lieutenant-Colonel  James  L.  Hunt  and 
Major  Deering  December  12,  1864. 


ROSTER. 


James  B.  Walker,  Com.  Sergeant,  Turner 
Joseph  M.  Litchfield,  Hosp.  Stewd,      Lewiston 

Caleb  W.  Battles,  B,  Leeds 

Ansel  F.  Brooks,  B,  Minot 
Caleb  Battles,  B,                                     Livermore 

Ronello  S.  Herrick,  B,  Poland 

Joseph  H.  Reed,  B,  ,, 

Charles  Seavey,  B,  ,, 

Benjamin  F.  Thurston,  B,  ,, 

Jacob  Thurston,  15,  died  July  9,  04,  „ 

Kufus  W.  Herrick,  B,  trans  from  C,  ,, 

Sylvester  F.  Jordan,  C,  pro  1st  Serg.,  Lisbon 

Charles  ISL  Cobb,  C,  Poland 

Alphonzo  Pulcifer,  C,  ,, 
Benjamin  F.  Roberts,  C,                            Durham 
Wm  R.  Ham,  Capt.,  D,  k  June  3,  (54,    Lewiston 
John  ISL  Jackson,  Serg.,  D,  pro  Lieut,  C,     ,, 

James  H.  Sprowl,  Serg.,  D,  ,, 

John  L.  Ham,  Serg.,  D,  ,, 
Wm  H.  Mace,  Corp.,  D,  d  July  23,  CA, 

Walter  S.  Hodges,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

William  H.  Nevens,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

Robert  J.  Arris,  D,  ,, 

John  W.  Abbott,  D,  ,, 

Forest  E.  Bisbee,  D,  „ 

Lora  H.  Collins,  D,  ,, 

Leonard  (i.  Dingley,  D,  ,, 

Sewall  G.  Darling,  D,  died  May  26,  64,  „ 

John  Dyer,  D,  ,, 

Charles  S.  Dyer,  D,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Goodwin,  D,  ,, 
Alvah  N.  Ham,  D, 

(ieorge  A.  Hodgdon,  D,  died  May,  64,  ,, 

John  Joyce,  D,  ,, 

Warren  C.  Knowles,  D,  died  Sep.  4,  64,  ,, 

Timothy  Kennedy,  D,  ,, 

J lenry  (^  Litchfield,  D,  „ 

Benjamin  B.  Larrabee,  D,  k  June  .'?,  64,  ,, 

Henry  M.  Lord,  D,  ,, 

Albion  K.  Mai-ston,  1),  ,, 
Sylvanus  D.  Mitchell,  D,  d  July  11,  64, 

Algernon  M.  Mitchell,  D,  ,, 

Cleaveland  B.  Merrill,  D,  ,, 

Lewis  F.  Mixer,  D,  ,, 

C.  N.  Pettengill,  I),  pro  Serg.,  ,, 

Moses  W.  Tarr,  D,  ,, 

Hiram  S.  Tibbetts,  D,  died  May  1!),  64,  ,, 

Hiram  K.  Tliompson,  D,  ,, 

Charles  E.  Thompson,  D,  ,, 

James  F.  Tarbox,  D,  „ 

Daniel  Tarbox,  D,  ,, 


Frank  Wright,  D,  Lewiston 

Josiah  H.  Witham,  D,  ,, 

Benjamin  Witham,  D,  ,, 

Charles  B.  Rounds,  Lient,  D,  Danville 
Augustine  W.  Stinchfield,  D,  died 

October  24,  64, 
James  J.  Chase,  Lieut,  D,  promoted 

1st  Lieut,  K,  Turner 

Hiram  A.  Conant,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

Fred  T.  Johnson,  Mus.,  D,  ,, 

Albion  Hood,  Wagoner,  D,  „ 

Andrew  J.  Bryant,  D,  ,, 
Charles  B.  Chandler,  D, 

Cephas  J.  Fish,  D,  ,, 

Daniel  G.  Harlow,  D,  ,, 

Mellen  N.  Jones,  D,  '    ,, 

Oliver  N.  Leavitt,  D,  ,, 

Alvora  S.  Pease,  D,  „ 

Isaac  Phillips,  D,  ,, 

Ossian  C.  Phillips,  D,  ,, 

Judson  Pratt,  D,  ,, 

Francis  Snell,  D,  died  Aug.  29,  64,  ,, 

George  Sylvester,  D,  ,, 

James  B.  Walker,  D,  pro  Com.  Serg.,  ,, 

Lloyd  Q.  Arnold,  Serg.,  D,  Lisbon 

Rogers  A.  Foss,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

George  A.  Cole,  D,  ,, 

Andrew  J.  Gould,  D,  died  in  service,  ,, 
Albert  Small,  D,  died  May  14,  64, 

Luther  M.  Smith,  D,  „ 

Augustus  Smith,  D,  ,, 

F.  E.  Salisbury,  D,  ,, 

Chas.  E.  Cole,  Sgt,  D,  k  July  30,  64,  Livermore 
Henry  B.  Rose,  Corp.,  D,  k  June  1,  64,        ,, 

Charles  H.  Atwood,  D,  d  Aug.  5,  64,  ,, 
John  W.  Beckler,  D, 

Lorin  W.  Morse,  D,  ,, 

Elias  A.  Morse,  D,  ,, 

Charles  Morse,  D,  died  June  25,  64,  ,, 

Hebron  Norton,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 
Thomas  M.  Pratt,  D, 

Fred  H.  Nevens,  Corp.,  D,  Auburn 

Michael  McCarthy,  D,  ,, 

Maynard  G.  Davis,  D, k  May  12,  64,  Poland 

Joseph  C.  Norris,  D,  d.                  East  Livermore 

Henry  W.  Richards,  E,  kd  1864,       „  „ 

Charles  Gibbs,  Serg.,  E,  Livermore 

John  W.  Bigelow,  Serg.,  E,  ,, 

Alonzo  D.  Edgecomb,  E,  ,, 

Albert  Bessey,  E,  Webster 

Henry  R.  Merrill,  E,  Livermore 


Military  Affairs. 


157 


Israel  C.  Taylor,  E, 

Livermore 

Gilbert  Winslow,  E, 

,, 

diaries  T.  Duly,  E, 

Lewiston 

James  T.  Tarbox,  E, 

,, 

James  B.  Ridley,  E, 

Auburn 

David  H.  Stevens,  E, 

,, 

James  S.  Townsend,  E, 

jj 

Solomon  Anderson,  E, 

,, 

Mark  A.  Herrick,  G, 

Poland 

Charles  W.  Verrill,  G, 

,, 

Charles  H.  Judkins,  G, 

Lewiston 

S.  S.  T.  Marriner,  G, 

,, 

Albert  A.  Palmer,  G, 

George  V.  Rose,  G, 

Daniel  Constantine,  H, 

Michael  Sullivan,  H, 

Charles  E.  Phillips.  H,  d  July  '27,  (54 

Almon  Strout,  H, 

Charles  M.  Labree,  I, 

David  R.  Plummer,  K,  died  July  25, 

James  B.  Richardson,  K,  ,, 

E.  B.  Lovejoy,  East  Livermore 

E.  Goodrich,  „  „ 


Lewiston 

Livermore 

Lewiston 

Turner 
Poland 
Wales 
64, 


First  Veteran  Volunteers.  —  This  regiment  was  formed  August  21,  1864,  at 
Charlestown,  Va,  by  consolidating  the  Fifth,  Sixth,  and  Seventh  battalions,  and 
engaged  in  battle  the  same  day.  It  fought  at  Winchester,  September  19, 
Fisher's  Hill,  September  21,  and  took  its  part  in  all  the  marches  of  the  Shenan- 
doah Valley  campaign,  and  in  the  action  at  Cedar  Creek,  October  19.  From 
January  1,  1865,  to  March  25,  it  did  duty  along  the  lines  in  front  of 
Petersburg.  On  the  last-mentioned  day  the  regiment  took  part  in  the 
successful  assault  on  the  Confederate  lines  near  Fort  Fisher  as  part  of  the 
Sixth  Corps,  and  then  was  placed  on  the  right  of  General  Hyde's  line  to 
protect  that  flank.  Several  attacks  were  made  upon  it,  until,  charging  with 
Warren's  brigade,  the  regiment  carried  all  before  it  and  took  many  prisoners. 
April  2  it  was  the  second  line  of  Hyde's  brigade,  the  point  of  "the  Sixth 
Corps  wedge,"  which  General  Meade  said  decided  the  fate  of  Richmond, 
and  its  colors  were  among  the  first  on  the  rebel  works  and  before  daybreak. 
Being  ordered  at  once  to  Hatcher's  Run,  it  there  captured  many  prisoners 
and  munitions  of  war.  Here  Captain  Merrill  and  fourteen  men,  after  a 
brisk  fight,  captured  seventy-nine  Confederates,  an  entire  company  of  sharp- 
shooters. The  same  day  the  regiment  took  active  part  in  storming  the 
battery  at  Lee's  headquarters,  and  continued  in  brilliant  skirmishes  across 
the  Appomattox  until  the  day  closed  in  full  victory.  It  was  engaged  in 
the  pursuit  of  Lee's  retreating  army,  in  receiving  Lee's  surrender,  and, 
April  26,  in  the  bloodless  occupation  of  Danville.  Here  Colonel  Hyde  was 
appointed  military  governor,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Fletcher  provost-marshal. 
Remaining  here  nearly  a  month,  it  marched  to  Washington,  took  part  in  the 
grand  review.  May  23,  and  June  28,  1865,  was  mustered  out  of  the  United 
States  service.  Returning  to  Maine,  it  was  finally  discharged  July  3,  1865. 
Colonel  Thomas  W.  H3^de  was  commissioned  October  22,  1864,  and  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Stephen  C.  Fletcher,  November  6,  1864.  Captains  Charles  T. 
Witherell  and  Albert  A.  Nickerson  were  brevetted  major  October  19,  1864, 
and  Captain  Augustus  Merrill  brevetted  major  April  2,  1865.  Major  Alex- 
ander B.  Sumner,  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  April  2,  1865,  was  discharged 
June  16,  1865. 


158 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


ROSTER. 


Alonzo  Adley,  Serg.,  A,  Lewistou 

John  Dow,  A,  ,, 

Albert  G.  Dunham,  A,  ,, 

Charles  Ilicks,  A,  ,, 

Albert  R.  Turner,  A,  ,, 

Philander  C.  Towns,  A,  d  Nov.  14,  (J4,  ,, 
Augustus  A.  Dwiual,  Sgt,  A,  pro  Lt,  G,     Minot 

Albert  A.  Gilbert,  A,  Turner 

Davis  M.  Merrill,  A,  ,, 
Henry  H.  Hutchinson,  1st  Serg.,  A,          Poland 

Cyrenus  P.  Stevens,  1st  Serg.,  A,  Greene 

Francis  M.  Bragdon,  B,  tr  to  G,                 Poland 

Wellington  H.  Dwinal,  B,  „ 

Joseph  Q.  Edmonds,  B,  „ 

John  Fardy,  B,  ,, 

Charles  E.  Harris,  Corp.,  pro  Serg.,  B,  ,, 

Almon  H.  Hutchinson,  B,  „ 

Levi  F.  Jordan,  B,  ,, 

Arthur  M.  Brown,  Corp.,  B,  Minot 

Harrison  J.  Dwinal,  B,  ,, 

William  H.  Morse,  Corp.,  B,  „ 

Joseph  Layet,  G,  ,, 

Joseph  Jones,  H,  Turner 

Lewis  Gordon,  H,  Poland 

Philip  Sullivan,  H,  Livermore 

Ira  Emery,  A,  ,, 

Frank  F.  Goss,  Corp.,  B,  Danville 
David  Small,  B, 

Albert  W.  Hinds,  Corp.,  B,  Turner 

David  H.  Jones,  B,  Auburn 

Samuel  W.  Taylor,  B,  Wales 

Nathaniel  Haskell,  B,  Lewiston 

W.  M.  Larrabee,  B,  ,, 

Lemont  Manning,  B,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Manning,  B,  ,, 

Thomas  Nugent,  B,  „ 

Isaiah  Purrington,  B,  ,, 

Daniel  Shehau,  Corp.,  B,  „ 

Henry  Thompson,  B,  ,, 

Thomas  Ward,  Corp.,  B,  ,, 

William  Kelley,  B,  Greene 

George  W.  Verrill,  Corp.,  D,  kd,  G4,           Minot 

Silas  Crooker,  D,  ,, 

William  B.  Ru.sli,  I),  Lewiston 

John  Barrett,  D,  ,, 

McGIoire  Gosslin,  D,  kd  Sept.  22,  (J4,  „ 

Baptist  Marcho,  D,  ,, 

Thomas  Ripley,  D,  ,, 

Edward  Valrend,  D,  ,, 

James  (Iraham,  C,  Turner 

Jolin  O'Donnell,  E,  Auburn 


David  N.  Landers,  F,  Auburn 

Barzilla  Wilson,  F,  Webster 

George  N.  Thurlow,  Corp.,  F,  Lewiston 

Charles  H.  Hodgdon,  G,  Wales 

John  W».  Adams,  G,  Auburn 

Walter  Eckhart,  G, 
Robert  Henneke,  Corp.,  G, 
Paul  H.  Ingwerson,  G, 
John  F.  M.  Lahrssehn,  G, 
Joseph  Plant,  G, 
Carl  Yahr,  G, 
Welcome  Beals,  G,  Turner 

Enos  Corey,  G,  Lewiston 

Nathan  R.  Turner,  G,  ,, 

George  H.  Fuller,  G,  Livermore 

Dominicus  Libby,  G,  k  May  6,  64,  Danville 

Charles  W.  Longfellow,  G,  Greene 

William  H.  Larrabee,  1st  Lieut,  H,  Danville 
George  B.  JSUoore,  Qm.-Serg..  Lisbon 

John  B.  Cook,  Capt.,  I,  dis  for  pro,  Lewistou 
Benjamin  F.  Mower,  I,  Greene 

James  W.  Libby,  Serg.,  K,  Leeds 

Albert  M.  Rose,  Corp.,  K,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Smith,  Lewistou 

Elijah  R.  Smith, 
John  Collins,  K, 
Jordan  G.  Carville,  Serg.,  K,  pro  Lt, 

20  Co., 
^Merrill  J.  Hibbard,  K, 
James  McCabe,  K, 
Felix  McHanuan,  K, 
John  Magner,  K,  kd  Oct.  H),  1804, 
James  Mohegan,  K, 
George  Morgan,  Corp.,  K, 
William  S.  Real,  K, 
James  Cain,  K, 
John  Carney,  K, 
John  Hammond,  K, 
Leopole  Shillott,  K, 
Thomas  Willett,  K, 
Dennis  Harris,  Corp.,  K,  Greene 

San  ford  R.  Knox,  K,  ,, 

George  F.  Hodgdon,  Corp.,  K,  Livermore 

Allen  F.  Plummer,  K,  Wales 

jNIarcus  M.  Small,  K,  tr  to  I,  East  Livermore 
William  H.  Whitney,  K,  d  of  wds,  f)4,  Lisbon 
Lyman  E.  Bessey,  Lewiston 

Charles  A.  Hatch,  Auburn 

Thomas  J.  Thurston,  A,  Lewiston 

Harland  Page,  E,  Greene 

Thomas  Quinn,  E,  ,, 


First  Infantrij  Battalion.  —  This  was  organized  May  25,  1865,  at  Augusta, 
from  four  unassigned  companies  recruited  for  one  year's  service  and  originally 
designed  for  the  Fifteenth  Regiment.     The  companies  were  lettered  A,  B,  C, 


Military  Affairs. 


159 


and  D,  and  of  these  Company  C  had  quite  a  proportion  of  Androscoggin 
county  men.  The  battalion  was  assigned  to  the  Second  brigade  of  Dvvight's 
division,  and  commanded  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Calvin  S.  Brown.  It  was  on 
duty  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  later  at  different  places  in  South  Carolina, 
until  April  5,  1866,  when  its  term  expired  and  it  was  mustered  out  of  United 
States  service. 

ROSTER. 


Royal  A.  Bray,  Capt.,  C,  Turner 

John  E.  Ashe,  1st  Lieut,  C,  ,, 

William  E.  Alden,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 

Sanford  Conant,  C,  ,, 

Luther  K.  Carey,  C,  pro  Com.  Serg.,  ,, 

Algernon  H.  Davis,  C,  died  in  service,  ,, 

Henry  Donham,  C,  died  in  service,  ,, 
Alvah  N.  Dexter,  C, 

Alonzo  Fuller,  C,  ,, 
Edwin  S.  French,  Corp.,  C,died  in  service,      ,, 

Horace  J.  Gilbert,  Corp.,  C,  „ 

Samuel  J.  Oilman,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 


Frank  Kilgore,  C,  Turner 

Thaddeus  Leavitt,  1st  Serg.,  C,  ,, 

Liacius  Libby,  C,  ,, 

Orpheus  M.  Leonard,  C,  died  in  service,        „ 
Albert  Ladd,  C,  ,, 

Mellen  Merrill,  C, 
Edward  Shurtleif,  Serg.,  C, 
Charles  H.  Thayer,  Sei'g.,  C,  „ 

Eraslus  E.  Gilbert,  B,  died  in  service,         Leeds 
Lorenzo  D.  Stinchfield,  B,  Lewiston 

Samuel  F.  Coffin,  Mus.,  C,  Turner 


First  Heavii  Artillery  (Eighteenth  Infantry  Kegiment).  —  This  regiment 
was  organized  at  Bangor  and  Augusta,  August  21,  1862,  for  three  years,  as  the 
Eighteenth  Kegiment  of  infantry,  changed  to  heavy  artillery  and  designated 
the  First  Heavy  Artillery  Regiment  in  December,  1862.  Two  additional  com- 
panies were  organized  —  one  in  January,  the  other  in  February,  1864.  The 
original  members  were  mustered  out  June  6,  1865,  and  the  organization, 
composed  of  veterans  and  recruits  of  this  regiment,  with  accessions  from  the 
Seventeenth  and  Nineteenth  Infantry  regiments,  remained  in  service  until 
mustered  out,  September  11,  1865.  No  regiment  more  gallantly  acquired  its 
laurels.  May  19,  1864,  at  Fredericksburg  Pike,  it  lost  in  less  than  three  hours 
in  killed  and  wounded,  476  officers  and  men,  yet  never  wavered  nor  faltered 
till  night  fell  and  checked  the  carnage.  The  Adjutant-General's  Report  of 
1864  says  of  one  of  its  engagements  at  Petersburg: 

June  18,  1864.  Advanced  on  the  enemy's  works  and  carried  two  lines  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  O'Haire  house.  In  the  afternoon  the  command  was  massed  with  the  brigade  to  assault 
that  portion  of  the  enemy's  line  considered  too  strong  to  carry  in  the  raoruiug  —  the  regi- 
ment in  three  battalions  constituting  the  three  front  lines.  Works  had  been  constructed, 
arranged  to  sweep  by  direct  and  enfilade  fires  every  foot  of  the  intervening  j^lain.  Upon 
the  word  "Forward,"  the  first  lines  moved  forward.  The  First  Battalion  was  swept  away 
by  the  deadly  fire  of  the  enemy  before  it  had  advanced  one  hundred  yards,  whole 
companies  reeled  before  the  fury  of  the  shock,  yet  the  gallant  few  went  on  as  if  devoted  to 
death.  Unsupported  they  pressed  forward,  a  few  getting  within  forty  yards  of  the  enemy's 
breastworks,  when,  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  regiment  being  either  killed  or  wounded, 
the  order  was  given  to  fall  back.  Should  the  fearful  responsibility  of  this  fatal  assault  be 
charged  against  the  gallant  Colonel  Chaplin,  justice  demands  that  it  should  be  known  that 
he  acted  under  imperative  orders,  both  in  making  the  assault  and  in  the  disposition  of  his 
own  regiment  in  front. 


160 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Other  notable  actions  where  the  First  Heavy  Artillery  did  meritorious 
service  were  Tolopotomoy,  Coal  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Deep  Bottom,  Boydton 
Road.  Colonel  Chaplin  was  mortally  wounded  August  18,  1864.  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Thomas  H.  Talbot  resigned  September  14,  and  Major  George  W. 
Sabine,  December  10.  He  succeeded  Major  Charles  Hamlin,  discharged  April 
26,  1863,  and  was  followed  in  office  by  Major  Christopher  V.  Crossraan  until 
December  22,  when  he  was  discharged.  Colonel  Russell  B.  Shepherd  was 
commissioned  October  21,  1864;  Major  Harrison  G.  Smith,  March  28,  1865. 
Major  Charles  VV.  Nute  died  March  9,  1864.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Zimro  A. 
Smith  was  in  command  for  some  time  after  he  was  appointed  before  he  was 
mustered  in  with  that  rank. 

ROSTER. 


George  Duran,  A,  Durham 

Gilman  Rice,  A,  Lewistou 

William  0.  Bridge,  M,  ,, 

Frank  Bridge,  M,  ,, 

Philip  C.  Keith,  M, 

Joseph  Jordan,  B,  Webster 

Horatio  B.  Downer,  D,  kd  June  17,  M,  Lewiston 
Sylvester  Eaton,  D,  ,, 

Thomas  Hatch,  D,  died  of  wounds  July 

12,  1804,  Auburn 

Sewall  B.  Waite,  D,  Lewiston 

Henry  A.  Evans,  E,  d  of  wds  Apr.  11,  65,      ,, 
Stephen  F.  Harriman,  E,  ,, 

William  R.  Kennerson,  E,  ,, 

Henry  W.  Stearns,  E,  ,, 


Alonzo  Goodwin,  E, 

Auburn 

Edwin  L.  Ladd,  E,  transferred  to  G, 

Wales 

George  C.  Cross,  L,  died  June  18, 

64, 

Auburn 

John  J.  Bragdon,  L,  died  July  25 

()4 

Poland 

Nelson  W.  Edwards,  L,  died  July 

11, 

64, 

John  H.  Quimby,  L, 

Lewiston 

Phineas  K.  Martin,  M, 

,, 

John  G.  Tibbetts,  M, 

jj 

Isaac  S.  Fauuce,  Captain,  B, 

J, 

David  J.  Chandler,  Lieut,  B, 

>> 

W.  H.  H.  Small,  Corp.,  B, 

ft 

Arthur  L.  Coombs,  B, 

jj 

Patrick  Dolan,  B, 

,, 

John  O.  Sullivan,  B, 

,, 

Stephen  C.  Chitler,  B, 

Poland 

Elisha  K.  Mann,  Serg.,  C, 

Leeds 

Stephen  Richards,  Corp.,  C, 

Lewiston 

Mandrid  0.  Savage,  Serg.,  C, 

jj 

Nathan  B.  Harlow,  Corp.,  C, 

„ 

John  S.  Higgins,  C, 

>» 

David  Howe,  C, 

a 

Frank  Larvin,  C, 

Silas  McAllister,  C, 

][ 

Leonard  Percy,  C, 

n 

Leonard  Weston,  C, 

» 

Frank  White,  C, 
David  Bailey,  C, 
Jonathan  Hutchinson,  Jr,  D, 
Charles  Ludus,  1st  Serg.,  D, 
Thomas  JNIcCarty,  D, 
Charles  W.  Merrill,  D, 
Henry  Hall,  E, 
Frank  Kilgore,  E, 
Charles  McCarroll,  E, 
Edwin  E.  Jones,  Serg.,  E, 
Walter  Jerald,  Serg.,  F, 
Maxim  Layois,  F, 
Frederic  Leavitt,  F, 
Patrick  Lyons,  F, 
Emery  E.  Lowell,  F, 
Hezekiah  Morse,  F, 
( Jeorge  Morris,  F, 
William  H.  Lemont,  F, 
Eben  E.  Colby,  G, 
William  B.  Ellis,  G, 
Hugh  Hunter,  G, 
Michael  A.  Murphy,  Serg.,  G, 
Warren  Sturtevant,  G, 
George  Wilbur,  G, 
James  Courson,  H, 
Roscoe  Smith,  H, 
Daniel  Strickland,  H, 
John  Sullivan,  H, 
Patrick  Sullivan,  H, 
John  Brine,  Corp.,  I, 
James  Gleason,  I, 
Martin  McElroy,  I, 
Frank  Tripp,  I, 
Charles  Wellman,  I, 
Emanuel  Brazille,  K, 
William  Greenwood,  K, 
James  W.  Hicks,  K, 
Samuel  E.  Kenniston,  K, 
Morris  Murphy,  K, 
John  H.  Williams,  K, 


Lewiston 

Poland 

Minot 

Lewiston 


Minot 
Lewiston 


Auburn 
Lewiston 


Leeds 

Minot 

Lewiston 


Military  Affairs.  161 


John  Warner,  K,  Lewiston 
Charles  H.  Wright,  K, 

Orville  Young,  K,  ,, 

Almon  E.  Brown,  K,  Auburn 

Rufus  Danforth,  K,  „ 


Francis  D.  Moray,  K,  Auburn 

Chandler  Nason,  K,  ,, 

William  Doyle,  K,  Leeds 

Philip  C.  Keith,  M,  Lewiston 

Samuel  W.  Adams,  Greene 


First  Battalion  Light  Artillery.  —  This  name  was  given  to  an  organization 
of  seven  batteries,  serving  in  different  commands,  and  mustered  into  United 
States  service  at  different  times  and  places,  thus:  First  Battery  at  Port- 
land, December  18,  1861;  Second  Battery  at  Augusta,  November  30,  1861; 
Third  Battery  at  Augusta,  December  11,  1861;  Fourth  Battery  at  Augusta, 
December  21,  1861 ;  Fifth  Battery  at  Augusta,  December  4,  1861 ;  Sixth 
Battery  at  Augusta,  February  7, 1862;  Seventh  Battery  at  Augusta,  December 
30,  1863.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Davis  Tillson  was  discharged  March  25,  1863. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  George  F.  Leppien  died  May  24,  1864,  of  wounds  received 
in  action.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Freeman  McGilvery  died  September  2, 1864,  of 
wounds  received  in  action  at  Deep  Bottom,  Va.  Lieutenant-Colonel  James  A. 
Hall  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  March  7,  1865. 

The  First  Battery  joined  the  Army  of  the  Gulf  at  New  Orleans  and  was 
in  its  first  action  December  27,  1862,  at  Labadieville.  From  this  time  until 
August,  1863,  it  saw  much  service,  notably  at  Pattersonville,  January  14,  at 
Bisland,  April  12  and  13,  at  Port  Hudson  from  April  27  to  the  fall  of  the 
place,  and  at  Donaldsonville,  July  13,  where  it  took  a  prominent  part. 
December  29,  1863,  every  man  on  duty  re-enlisted  for  three  years  and  went 
home  on  a  furlough.  It  was  rendezvoused  at  Augusta  in  March,  and  was 
assigned  to  General  Burnside's  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and 
stationed  at  Washington.  July  12,  1864,  it  aided  in  repelling  General  Early's 
attack  on  Fort  Stevens,  and  September  19  it  was  prominent  in  the  battle  of 
Winchester,  and  at  Strasburg,  September  22.  October  19  it  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va,  losing  heavily.  From  November  9  to  July  9, 
1865,  it  was  stationed  at  Winchester  and  Manchester,  Va.  On  the  last-named 
day  it  was  ordered  to  Portland,  where  it  was  mustered  out  July  15,  1865. 

The  Second  Battery  saw  action  first  at  Cross  Keyes,  Va,  June  8,  1862,  and 
took  part  in  skirmishes  at  Strasburg  June  1,  Woodstock  June  2,  Mount 
Jackson  June  4,  Newmarket  June  5,  Harrisonburg  June  6,  and  Port  Republic 
June  9.  August  8  it  fought  the  Confederates,  five  miles  beyond  Culpepper, 
and  the  next  day  was  prominent  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain.  It  took 
part  in  the  action  at  Bull  Run,  August  30.  December  13  it  was  a  participant 
in  the  attack  on  Fredericksburg  and  very  active  all  day.  On  the  afternoon  of 
August  15,  the  battery  recrossed  the  river  and  took  position  on  the  heights 
covering  the  bridge  over  which  General  Franklin's  troops  were  crossing. 
August  19  it  went  into  camp  near  Fletcher's  Chapel,  where  it  stayed  until 
May  3,  1863,  when  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  From  this 
time  it  was  active  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  and  was  in    most  gallant 


1(32  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


combat  July  1,  2,  and  3  at  Gettysburg.  It  was  in  camp  and  on  furlough  from 
this  action  until  April  26,  1864,  when  it  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  and  joined  the  march  to  Richmond,  where  it  viciously  assailed  the 
enemy  near  Spottsylvania,  May  10,  11,  12,  14,  and  18,  and  south  of  the 
Pamunkey  river,  June  1  and  3.  It  engaged  the  enemy  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
July  26.  September  27  it  went  into  position  in  the  fort  on  the  left  of  the  road 
leading  to  Petersburg,  and  was  here,  at  City  Point,  and  at  Alexandria  until 
May  31,  1865,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Augusta,  where  it  was  mustered  out  of 
service  and  discharged  June  16. 

The  Third  Battery  arrived  at  Washington,  April  3,  1862,  and  acted  as 
"pontooniers"  for  General  McDowell  from  April  14  to  November  7,  when  it 
returned  to  Fort  Lincoln  and  engaged  in  building  "Battery  Maine."  March 
28,  1863,  it  became  Company  M,  First  Regiment  Heavy  Artillery  Maine 
Volunteers.  January  5,  1864,  seventj^-two  men  re-enlisted  for  three  years 
were  furloughed,  and  rendezvoused  at  Augusta,  February  22.  They  were 
detached  from  the  First  Heavy  Artillery,  and  reorganized  as  the  Third  Battery 
of  Mounted  Artillery.  This  was  at  Washington  on  duty  from  February  28 
until  July  5,  when  it  was  assigned  to  duty  with  the  Third  Division  of  the 
Ninth  Corps,  and  July  9  was  placed  in  position  before  the  rebel  works  in  front 
of  Cemetery  Hill  at  Petersburg.  From  this  time  until  August  19  it  was  in 
daily  battle  with  the  Confederates,  bearing  honorable  part  in  the  general 
engagement  of  July  30.  October  25  it  moved  to  the  defenses  of  City  Point, 
having  been  in  the  trenches  in  front  of  Petersburg  105  days.  The  battery 
remained  at  City  Point  and  Washington  until  June  2,  1865,  when  it  returned 
to  Maine,  and  was  mustered  out  and  discharged  June  22,  1865. 

The  Fourth  Battery  was  stationed  at  and  around  Washington  from  April  3 
until  June  28,  1862,  when  it  went  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  where,  August  9, 
it  participated  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain.  Returning  to  Culpepper, 
August  19  it  went  to  the  Rappahannock  river,  protected  the  bridge  at  the 
railroad  crossing,  the  next  day  repulsed  a  rebel  battery  and  rejoined  its  corps 
at  Sulphur  Springs,  where  it  had  a  brisk  engagement  with  a  Confederate 
battery,  August  12.  September  17  it  did  good  execution  at  Antietam,  and, 
following  the  retreating  foe  to  Harper's  Ferry,  took  position  on  Bolivar 
Heights,  September  20,  and  was  on  garrison  and  picket  duty  here  and  at 
Maryland  Heights  until  June  30,  1863,  when  it  evacuated  its  position.  July 
22  it  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Wapping  Heights,  Va,  and  from  this  time 
was  in  active  operations  until  going  into  camp  at  Brandy  Station,  December  3. 
It  fought  at  McLean's  Ford  October  15,  at  Kelly's  Ford  November  7,  and  at 
Mine  Run  November  30.  May  6,  1864,  it  crossed  the  Rapidan  as  part  of  the 
Sixth  Corps.  At  Cold  Harbor,  June  1,  and  later  at  Petersburg,  it  did  efficient 
service.  The  Fourth  remained  in  commission  until  June  17,  1865,  when  it 
was  mustered  out  and  discharged. 


Military  Affairs.  163 


The  Fifth  Battery  encamped  at  Washington,  April  1,  1862.  May  19  it 
"marched  to  Fredericksburg,  thence  to  Front  Royal,  and  August  9  took 
position  at  Cedar  Mountain  at  night  under  a  heavy  artillery  fire.  August  20, 
21,  and  23  it  covered  the  railroad  crossing  at  Rappahannock  Station  and 
prevented  the  Confederate  batteries  from  taking  position.  It  took  part  in  the 
action  at  Thoroughfare  Gap,  August  27,  and  lost  four  guns  at  Manassas, 
August  30.  December  13  it  was  under  the  heaviest  cannonading  of  the  battle 
of  Fredericksburg.  May  3,  1863,  it  suffered  severely  at  Chancellorsville, 
Captain  Leppien  being  mortally  wounded  and  thirty  others  killed  and  wounded. 
July  1  it  attacked  the  Confederates  at  Emmettsburg,  and  the  next  two  days 
was  active  in  the  great  action  at  Gett3'^sburg.  Passing  the  winter  at  Culpepper, 
Va,  it  commenced  its  activity  May  21,  1864,  at  Spottsylvania,  and  June  2 
silenced  the  rebel  batteries  in  front  of  its  position  at  Cold  Harbor.  It  was 
before  Petersburg,  and  later  with  the  Sixth  Corps  in  the  defensive  operations 
for  the  protection  of  Washington  and  Baltimore,  and  September  19  had  an 
all-day's  fight  at  Opequan.  At  Cedar  Creek,  October  19,  it  won  high  honors 
and  lost  heavily.  This  was  its  last  engagement  of  moment.  It  was  on  duty 
along  the  Shenandoah  and  Potomac  until  it  returned  to  Maine,  where  it  was 
mustered  out  and  discharged  July  6,  1865. 

The  Sixth  Battery  served  under  Generals  Sigel,  Banks,  and  Heintzelman  in 
Virginia,  and  Generals  Williams  and  Slocum  in  Maryland,  commencing  active 
campaigning  in  April,  1862.  At  Cedar  Mountain,  August  9,  it  held  an 
important  position  with  some  loss.  It  took  part  in  all  the  fighting  on  the 
Rappahannock  under  General  Pope,  and  was  of  great  service  at  Centerville 
and  Manassas,  August  29  and  30.  It  was  in  reserve  at  South  Mountain,  Sep- 
tember 14,  and  in  position  at  Antietam,  September  17.  December  27  one 
section  of  the  Sixth  made  a  successful  defense  of  Dumfries,  Va,  and  with 
infantry  support  repulsed  a  large  force.  It  took  a  prominent  part  at  Gettys- 
burg, July  2  and  3,  and  later  shared  in  the  skirmishing  of  the  First  Corps  on 
its  retreat  from  Culpepper.  More  than  two-thirds  of  the  men  re-enlisted  early 
in  1864.  From  May  3,  1864,  until  January,  1865,  it  was  constantly  in  aggres- 
sive duty.  May  6  losing  eight  men  at  the  action  of  Todd's  Tavern,  and  engaging 
the  Confederates  on  the  Ny,  North  Anna,  and  Pamunkey  rivers,  at  Cold 
Harbor,  for  two  weeks  in  front  of  Petersburg,  along  the  Appomattox,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  James  surrounded  by  the  enemy,  and  from  August  22  to 
October  22  garrisoning  and  defending  Fort  Davis.  From  October  the  Sixth 
liad  many  artillery  duels  with  the  Confederates,  was  pitted  against  their  heavy 
siege  guns  and  mortars,  and  in  many  other  ways  maintained  its  deservedly  high 
reputation.     It  was  mustered  out  at  Augusta,  June  17,  1865. 

The  Seventh  Battery  joined  the  Ninth  Army  Corps  in  April,  1863,  and 
May  9  and  12  had  its  first  encounters  with  the  Confederates  on  the  Ny,  acquit- 
ting itself  ably.     June  2  and  3  it  was  prominent  in  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor, 


164 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


then  took  its  way  to  Petersburg,  aided  in  driving  the  enemy  across  the  Norfolk 
raih-oad  on  the  eighteenth,  and  on  the  twenty-third  took  position  at  Peters- 
burg, only  700  yards  from  and  directly  in  front  of  the  point  where  the  mine 
was  exploded  July  30,  and  for  forty-seven  consecutive  days  was  under  fire. 
August  4  it  was  relieved  and  stationed  at  Fort  Rice,  where  it  received  great 
attention  from  the  Confederate  batteries.  October  2  it  took  position  at  the 
Pegram  House  under  a  heavy  artillery  fire,  and  assisted  in  repelling  the  attack 
on  that  position.  December  2  returning  to  Petersburg  it  garrisoned  Fort 
Sedgwick  until  April  1,  1865,  and  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Petersburg. 
After  Lee's  surrender  the  Seventh  returned  to  Washington,  May  10  participated 
in  the  grand  review  of  the  army,  and  June  5  left  Washington  for  Maine.  It 
was  mustered  out  at  Augusta,  June  21,  1865. 

ROSTER. 


Wales 

Durham 

Leeds 

Lewiston 

Auburn 


Lisbon 


Poland 

Lewiston 


William  D.  Wood,  Q.  M.  Sgt,  1  Bat.,      Auburn 

Charles  H.  Cobb,  Jr,  1  Bat.,  Danville 

A.  J.  Lufkin,  Serg.,  1  Bat.,  Lewiston 

Michael  Collins,  1  Bat.,  died  in  service,       ,, 

L.  I.  N.  Lenfest,  1  Bat.,  ,, 

John  K.  Hamilton,  1  Bat., 

Eben  Gould,  1  Bat., 

William  Morton,  1  Bat., 

Michael  O'Brien,  1  Bat., 

Daniel  P.  Eaton,  Serg.,  5  Bat., 

Sullivan  Luce,  5  Bat.,  kd  July  3,  6.3, 

Charles  P.  IVIiller,  5  Bat., 

Warren  B.  Bailey,  5  Bat., 

Charles  H.  Foss,  5  Bat., 

Charles  H.  Harlow,  5  Bat., 

Alonzo  Hinckley,  Corp.,  5  Bat., 

Isaac  P.  St  Clair,  5  Bat., 

William  C.  A.  Browu,  5  Bat., 

John  Carvill,  Corp.,  5  Bat., 

William  C.  Coatling,  5  Bat., 

Hiram  Cordwell,  5  Bat., 

John   Finley,  5  Bat.,  wd   and   miss 

Manassas, 
Patrick  Green,  5  Bat., 
Michael  Hickey,  5  Bat., 
James  S.  Lebroke,  5  Bat. 
William  Lenuard,  5  Bat. 
C.  W.  Richardson,  Mus., 
IJewellyn  Sawyer,  .5  Bat., 
Edward  Warren,  5  Bat., 
Richard  K.  Maxwell,  .5  I'at., 
John  R.  Whitticr,  5  Bat., 
John  H.  Hanson,  5  Bat., 
Edward  T.  Sawyer,  6  Bat., 
Omer  Smith,  Corp.,  7  Bat., 
Benjamin  S.  Crawford,  7  Bat., 
Edgar  Emery,  7  Bat., 
Delphinas  B.  Bicknell,  Serg.,  7  Bat., 


at 


,  pro  Serg. 
5  Bat., 


Minot 
Lewiston 

Danville 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Poland 


Joseph  R.  Niles,  7  Bat.,  d  of  wds,  18G4 

Harris  W.  Jordan,  7  Bat., 

Alfred  B.  Wyman,  7  Bat., 

Alfred  Roberts,  7  Bat., 

Charles  A.  N.  Waterman,  7  Bat., 

Solomon  L.  Carmoin,  2  Bat., 

Eli  B.  Clark,  2  Bat., 

Benjamin  P.  Peterson,  2  Bat., 

Jerry  Russell,  2  Bat., 

Oliver  L.  Stevens,  4  Bat., 

Martin  Goding,  4  Bat.,  died  Nov.  9,  04 

William  A.  Childs,  4  Bat., 

Frank  McCann,  4  Bat., 

Uriah  Read,  Corp.,  4  Bat., 

A.  K.  P.  Ramsdell,  4  Bat., 

John  B.  Hanson,  5  Bat., 

Matthew  Roberts,  5  Bat., 

Roscoe  A.  Williams,  5  Bat., 

Luther  Briggs,  Corp.,  7  Bat., 

Samuel  A.  Stillings,  7  Bat., 

George  Holmes,  7  Bat., 

Charles  Emerson,  7  Bat., 

Sewall  B.  Emery,  7  Bat., 

Wesley  Strout,  7  Bat., 

Oliver  B.  Strout,  7  Bat., 

Henry  Stockbridge,  7  Bat., 

Samuel  Taylor,  7  Bat., 

Edwin  Woodsum,  7  Bat., 

Wentworth  M.  Brown,  7  Bat., 

Lorenzo  B.  Harrington,  7  Bat., 

George  B.  Hasey,  1  Bat., 

Edward  Connor,  1  Bat., 

Patrick  Dunn,  1  Bat., 

Samuel  Scofleld,  1  Bat., 

Ezekiel  H.  Cook,  Q.  M.  Sgt,  1  Bat., 

John  McMullen,  1  Bat., 

Frederic  C.  Fuller,  7  Bat., 

Nathaniel  C.  Dean,  7  Bat., 


Webster 


Durham 


Lewiston 


Livermore 

Auburn 

Poland 

Lewiston 


Turner 
Minot 
Lisbon 

Turner 
Poland 


Lewiston 

Lisbon 

Auburn 


Minot 
Lewiston 


Webster 


Military  Affairs.  165 


Fii'st  Gavalry  Regiment.  —  This  regiment  of  twelve  companies  was  organized 
at  Augusta,  November  5, 1861,  for  three  years,  the  men  being  of  fine  material 
and  coming  from  all  parts  of  the  state.  Company  G  was  principally  recruited 
in  Androscoggin  county.  The  original  field  officers  were  Colonel  John  God- 
dard,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  Hight  (formerly  a  captain  in  the  regular 
army),  Majors  Samuel  H.  Allen,  David  P.  Stowell,  Calvin  S.  Douty.  Colonel 
Goddard  resigned  February  12,  1862,  and  Major  Allen  was  commissioned 
colonel.  Captain  Warren  L.  Whitney  of  Company  A  becoming  major.  March 
14,  1862,  Companies  A,  D,  E,  and  F,  under  command  of  Colonel  Allen,  left 
the  state  for  Washington,  where  they  arrived  March  19.  Companies  B, 
I,  H,  and  M,  under  Major  Douty,  left  March  20,  arriving  at  Washington 
March  24.  Here  the  two  detachments  were  joined  by  the  remaining  companies. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Hight  resigned  March  14,  1862,  and  May  10  Major  Douty 
was  commissioned  in  his  place,  and  with  Companies  A,  B,  E,  H,  and  M, 
was  assigned  to  General  Hatch's  cavalry  brigade  of  General  Banks's  corps. 
The  other  companies  were  soon  connected  with  General  Ord's  Division  at 
Fredericksburg.  May  23  l^ieutenant-Colonel  Douty  with  his  command  aided 
in  covering  General  Banks's  retreat  to  Williamsport.  The  regiment  was  con- 
solidated at  Warrenton,  Va,  July  10,  and  was  in  active  service  from  that  time; 
August  9  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  and  August  20  at  Brandy  Station. 
September  4  it  was  in  the  fight  of  Frederick  City,  Md,  and  garrisoned  the 
place.  Colonel  Allen  being  made  military  governor.  Company  G  (then 
General  Reno's  body-guard)  took  part  in  the  action  at  South  Mountain, 
September  14,  and  C-ompanies  M  and  H  in  that  of  Antietam,  September  17. 
The  regiment  was  at  Frederick  City  and  Falmouth,  Va,  until  February  20, 
1863,  when  it  joined  the  First  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Colonel  J.  Kilpatrick 
commanding.  Colonel  Allen  resigned  December  12,  1862,  and  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Douty  was  promoted  to  his  place.  From  April  13  to  June  8  the  First 
was  in  several  engagements  and  reconnoissances,  and  June  17  it  lost  heavily  at 
Aldie,  Va,  Colonel  Douty  being  among  the  killed.  June  19  it  was  in  action 
at  Middleburg,  June  21  at  Upperville,  and  July  3  in  a  severe  cavalry  fight 
at  Gettysburg.  July  1  Lieutenant-Colonel  Charles  H.  Smith  was  commis- 
sioned colonel,  and  Major  Boothby  succeeded  him.  The  First  went  to  the 
support  of  the  pickets  at  Shepherdstown,  who  were  attacked  by  a  large  force 
under  General  Stuart  July  16,  and  had  a  hotly  contested  fight  of  many 
hours.  From  August  24  to  January  1,  1864,  the  First  was  a  prominent  factor 
in  numerous  battles,  skirmishes,  and  reconnoissances.  February  27,  1864,  300 
men  reported  to  General  Kilpatrick  for  duty  in  the  expedition  to  Richmond,  in 
which  they  had  several  engagements,  losing  before  their  return  to  Alexandria, 
March  12,  98  men  and  over  200  horses.  May  7  and  8  they  liad  a  severe  engage- 
ment at  Todd's  Tavern,  and  May  9  started  on  (leneral  Sheridan's  first  raid  and 
reached  within  three  miles  of  Richmond.     June  2  Chaplain  Barrett  was  killed 


166 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


by  a  solid  shot.  From  this  time  until  September,  the  First  took  gallant  part  in 
the  actions  of  Trevillian's  Station,  St  Mary's  Church,  Malvern  Hill,  Charles 
City  Road,  Dinwiddle  Court  House,  and  Ream's  Station.  At  this  time  seven 
companies  of  the  First  District  of  Columbia  Cavalry  were  transferred  to  the 
various  companies  of  the  First  Maine.  In  October  were  fought  actions  at 
Gravelly  Creek  and  Roydton  Plank  Road.  The  members  whose  terms  of 
service  expired  November  4,  1864,  were  mustered  out  at  Augusta,  November 
25,  1864.  The  organization  still  in  service  had  an  obstinate  engagement  Feb- 
ruary, 1865,  at  Cat  Tail  Run,  where  it  lost  heavily.  It  did  good  service  in  the 
closing  battles  of  the  war,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the  United  States  service 
at  Petersburg,  Va,  August  1,  1865,  after  a  most  heroic  career. 

Colonel  Smith  was  bre vetted  brigadier-general  August  1,  1864.  Major 
Whitney  resigned  May  13,  1863,  Major  George  W.  Jirown  February  11,  1864, 
Major  Sidney  W.  Thaxter  November  24,  1864,  Major  Daniel  S.  Curtis  Jan- 
uary 18,  1865,  and  Major  Joel  W.  Cloudman  February  20,  1865.  The  field 
officers  at  the  close  of  service  were  Colonel  Charles  H.  Smith,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Jonathan  P.  Cilley,  and  Majors  Constantine  Taylor,  Benjamin  F. 
Tucker,  and  Paul  Chadbourne.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Stephen  Boothby  died 
June  6,  1864,  from  wounds  received  in  action. 

An  organization  was  formed  in  1890  as  First  Maine  Cavalry  Association  of 
Androscoggin  County,  to  hold  semi-annual  meetings  in  memory  of  their  gallant 
history.  Charles  E.  Moulton  was  chosen  president ;  M.  F.  Ricker,  vice- 
president  ;  Henry  Little,  secretary  and  treasurer.  At  that  time  the  veterans 
residing  in  the  county  numbered  about  sixty,  embracing  these  whom  we  do 
not  find  credited  to  any  town  of  the  county:  Charles  E.  Moulton,  George  Day, 
O.  M.  Barnard,  J.  M.  Woodman,  Samuel  Whitney,  C.  B.  Kimball,  Nelson  A. 
Dodge,  Daniel  Irish,  J.  W.  West,  George  L.  Fassett,  Perry  Chandler,  William 
Dudley,  Charles  Phenix,  B.  P.  Lowell,  I.  B.  Harvey,  Andrew  Brawn,  Horace 
Whitcomb,  Frank  Whitcomb,  I.  S.  Maxwell,  Charles  Merryfield,  A.  E.  Soule, 
Samuel  Stone,  John  Stone,  John  Steele,  Albert  Smith,  Leander  Lane,  A.  P. 
Donnell,  A.  B.  Brown. 

ROSTER. 


Thomas  Otis,  D,  Poland 

George  Wentworth,  B,  Greene 

Seth  H.  Keene,  E,  Turner 

Roscoe  G.  Reals,  E,  Leeds 

p:d  P.  Mitchell,  F,  Vii'ales 

Moses  H.  Fogg,  H,  tr  to  V.  R.  C,  ,, 
Llewellyn  W.  Fogg,  H,                            Lewistou 

Augustus  J.  Burbank,  Capt.,  G,  ,, 
Zebulon  B.  Blethen,  Lieut,  G,  promoted 

Capt.  Aug.  14,  18()2,  „ 

Nelson  J.  Forsyth,  Serg.,  G,  ,, 
George  E.  Jumper,  G,  promoted  Lieut 

April  16,  1865, 


Boynton  Grover,  Corp.,  G,  promoted 

Sergeant  Oct.  28,  1862,  Lewiston 

Henry  W.  Furbish,  G,  ,, 
Fred  M.  Baker,  Corp.,  G,  d  Apl  17, 65, 

Elijah  Collamore,  G,  „ 

Levi  S.  Dakiu,  G,  ,, 

F.  B.  Dakin,  G,  ,, 

Rodney  C.  Davis,  G,  died  March  5,  62,  ,, 
Charles  T.  Duley,  G, 

George  L.  Duston,  G,  ,, 

Israel  M.  Hatch,  G,  „ 

Sumner  W.  Howes,  G,  ,, 

Frank  M.  Furber,  Band,  ,, 


Military  Affairs. 


167 


William  O.  Howes,  G,  Com.  June  2,  64, 

Capt.  1st  Maine  S.  S.,  Lewiston 

Riley  L.  Jones,  G, 
Fred  K.  Noyes,  G, 
Charles  W.  Jordan,  G, 
Addison  G.  Pulsifer,  G, 
William  Maloon,  Bugler,  G, 
Bailey  T.  Royal,  G, 
George  A.  Royal,  G, 
John  M.  Stockwell,  G, 
Edward  P.  Tobie,  Jr,  G,  Com  2d  Lt,  E, 
George  E.  Huuton,  Serg.,  G,  pro 

1st  Lieut,  East  Livermore 

Cyrus  T.  Reed,  Corp.,  G,  pro 

Serg.,  April  1,  1803, 
Andrew  Jordan,  G,  Danville 

Dennis  Carty,  G,  pro  Corporal, 

Jan.  1,  1864,  East  Livermore 

Daniel  B.  Doyen,  G,  pro  Serg., 

March  21,  1864,  „  „ 

Edwin  V.  Fuller,  G, 
S.  B.  M.  Lovejoy,  G,  pro  Lieut, 

Dec.  31,  1862,  „ 

John  Mitchell,  G,  ,,  ,, 

Geo.  E.  Reed,  G,  k  Aug.  25,  64,     ,,  ,, 

William  H.  Wyman,  G, 

Eben  J.  Pulsifer,  Corp.,  G,  Poland 

Alden  Hall,  G,  pro  Corp.,  Nov.  20,  61,     Auburn 
Henry  Little,  G,  pro  Serg.,  Oct.  28,  62,         ,, 
Churchill  S.  Stevens,  G,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Additon,  G,  Greene 

Russell  S.  Bradbury,  ,, 

V.  P.  Dillingham,  G, 

Freeman  J.  Gurney,  G,  ,, 

Thomas  H.  Mower,  G,  pro  Corp.,  ,, 

John  Coffin,  G,  Webster 

Joseph  H.  Coffin,  G,  pro  Corp.,  ,, 

Charles  H.  Delano,  G,  k  May  10,  64,  Turner 

Geo.  M.  Delano,  G,  pr  Corp.,  Mar.  21,  64,      ,, 
William  Doble,  G,  Livermore 

John  B.  Drake,  Corp.,  G,  pro  Serg., 

April  1,  1863,  East  Livermore 

J.  S.  Dow,  G,  „  „ 

Joseph  F.  Hutchins,  G,  Livermore 

Timothy  B.  Niles,  G,  „ 


Alonzo  P.  Russell,  G,  Livermore 

Volney  H.  Foss,  G,  pro  1st  Sgt,  Apr.,  65,    Leeds 

Lucius  C.  Robbins,  G,  ,, 

Leonard  L.  Rose,  Corp.,  G,  ,, 

Seth  G.  Rose,  G,  „ 
Levi  W.  Wheeler,  G, 

George  Q.  Gammon,  L,  Livermore 

Milton  F.  Ricker,  L,  pro  Corp.,  1864,  „ 
Elisha  C.  Fuller,  L, 
William  H.  H.  Coding,  L, 

Laban  Smith,  L,  d  Nov.  6,  62,  Turner 
Ephraim  H.  Taylor,  Lieut,  M,  killed 

June  19,  1863,  Lisbon 

Horace  K.  Blethen,  Corp.,  M,  ,, 

George  H.  Dunham,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 

John  Ford,  C,  died  in  service,  Lewiston 

Horace  Wright,  C,  died  in  service.  Auburn 

Eswell  Bonnasa,  D,  Lewiston 

John  Brown,  D,  " 

David  Curran,  1),  " 

Andrew  Felix,  D,  " 

Joseph  Rivers,  D,  " 

J.  S.  Dow,  D,  Leeds 

Winfield  S.  Bucknam,  F,  Minot 

Fernando  F.  Mason,  G,  Turner 

Frank  C.  Adams,  G,  Auburn 

David  Nash,  G,  ,, 

Henry  J.  Penny,  G,  Lewiston 

Albion  K .  Snell ,  G ,  Poland 

Alonzo  H.  Snell,  G,  ,, 

Leroy  H.  Tobin,  G,  Lewiston 
Albert  Small,  H, 

Andrew  McCoy,  H,  „ 

George  Garner,  I,  ,, 
Arad  E.  Gilbert,  I, 

Job  S.  Spear,  M,  Turner 

George  W.  Proctor,  A,  Lisbon 

John  Getchell,  F,  Lewiston 

John  S.  Johnson,  F,  killed  in  action,  ,, 

Henry  A.  Capen,  G,  Auburn 

George  W.  Lane,  G,  ,, 

Charles  A.  Washburn,  G,  ,, 

Richard  McCarthy,  K,  ,, 

George  P.  Day,  M,  Durham 


First  D.  G.  Cavalry  Regiment.  —  Eight  hundred  men,  comprising  eight 
companies,  were  enlisted  and  organized  at  Augusta,  from  October,  1863,  to 
March,  1864,  to  serve  three  years.  This  body  was  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  L.  C.  Baker,  and  was  designed  for  special  service  only  in  the  District 
of  Columbia.  The  only  commissioned  officer  originally  from  Androscoggin 
county  was  Zebulon  B.  Blethen  of  Lewiston,  second  lieutenant  of  Company  H. 
After  important  service  in  its  original  field  for  some  months,  half  of  the  regi- 
ment was  dismounted  and  ordered  to  Portsmouth,  Va.  The  other  part  was 
assigned  to  General  Butler's  command,  and  was  in  General  Kautz's  cavalry 


168 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


raid  in  June,  1864.  August  23  the  regiment  had  an  engagement  with  the 
famous  Hampton  Legion,  the  next  day  it  was  in  the  thick  of  the  fight  at 
Ream's  Station,  and  the  next  day  all  its  Maine  men  were  officially  transferred 
to  the  First  Maine  Cavalry,  but  remained  on  picket  duty  on  the  extreme  left 
of  the  Union  line.  September  15, 1864,  the  regiment  was  attacked  by  a  heavy 
force  of  Confederates,  and  after  a  gallant  resistance  in  which  it  lost  heavily  in 
killed,  most  of  the  survivors  were  captured.  The  small  contingent  remaining 
joined  the  First  Maine  Cavalry  and  became  incorporated  with  it. 


ROSTER. 


H, 


Charles  H.  Pratt, 

William  G.  Besse,  H, 

George  C.  Besse,  H,  kd  in  service, 

Edwin  R.  Blodgett,  Sgt,  G,  d  in  reb  pri, 

Albion  H.  Collins,  H,  d  in  reb  pri, 

Peter  J.  Dresser,  Corp.,  K,  pro  Serg., 

William  W.  Douglas,  Corp., 

Benjamin  C.  Witham,  K, 

Thomas  B.  Hodges,  K, 

William  X.  Higgins,  Serg 

William  H.  Howard,  H, 

Thomas  J.  McMaster,  H, 

Peter  Jerris,  R, 

Samuel  O.  Libby,  pro  Corp.,  A,  1st  Cav., 

Frank  J.  Savage,  H,  promoted  1st  Serg., 

M,  1st  Cav., 
John  Spear, 

Jeremiah  Bowban,  killed  in  action,  I, 
Samuel  Thorn,  died  in  rebel  prison, 
Salmon  C.  Brewster,  K, 
Hollis  Harlow,  H, 

Delmer  Harris,  pro  Serg.,  A,  1st  Cav., 
George  A.  Kingsley,  H, 
Charles  G.  Kingsley,  H,  died  in  rebel  pris., 
Albert  P.  Winslow, 
Benj.  A.  Welsh,  Serg.,  H,  died  of  wds, 

Oct.  26,  1864, 
Stafford  B.  Jones,  Corp., 
George  F.  Proctor, 
Kendall  Pollard,  C, 
Benjamin  Sutherland,  C, 
Jeff.  L.  Coburn,  pro  Lt,  A,  1st  Cav., 
Hiram  S.  Coburn, 
John  H.  L.  Chick,  Corp.,  H, 
George  S.  Dill,  killed  in  action. 


Greene 
Lewiston 


Lisbon 


Lewiston 


Ijeeds 
Minot 


Auburn 
Lisbon 


Lewiston 


Daniel  S.  Fitzgerald,  H,  Lewiston 

Mansel  W.  Farr,  ,, 

Charles  E.  Huston,  C,  ,, 

Andrew  J.  Lufkin,  „ 

James  W.  Lovejoy,  killed  in  action,  ,, 

Henry  C.  Nado,  I,  ,, 

Jonathan  Nash,  Corp.,  H,  ,, 

Edward  E.  Proctor,  K  (Lisbon),  ,, 

George  W.  Penley,  ,, 
John  W.  Peachey,  trans  to  M,  1st  Cav.,      ,, 

Thomas  Phillop,  K,  killed  in  action,  ,, 

George  A.  Royal,  I,  „ 

Benjamin  H.  Turner,  Corp.,  „ 

Richard  Webb,  1st  Serg.,  K,  ,, 

Ezra  R.  Wright,  ,, 
Chas  H.  Wallace,  Serg.,  I,  kd  in  service,      ,, 

Zebulon  B.  Blethen,  1st  Lieut,  H,  ,, 

Nelson  Chandler,  I,  Auburn 
Granger  C.  Crafts,  H,  died  in  rebel  prison,     ,, 

Henry  A.  Hersey,  H,  ,, 

David  L.  Stetson,  H,  ,, 

Andrew  McCoy,  H,  „ 
Alex.  B.  Conant,  Serg.,  H, 
Milton  R.  Davis,  I, 


John  French,  B, 

Edwin  D.  Hall, 

J.  D.  A.  Jacobs,  Mus.,  H, 

Hiram  B.  King, 

Horace  Perkins,  K, 

Oren  Small,  Serg.,  I, 

James  McGuire,  pro  1st  Lt,  H,  1st  Cav., 

Menander  Dennett, 

John  Warren,  H,  died  in  service, 

Lewis  Warren,  H, 


Turner 

Poland 

Turner 

Durham 

Minot 

Poland 

Minot 

Poland 

Leeds 

Lewiston 

Auburn 


Second  Cavalry  Regiment. — This  was  organized  at  Augusta,  from  November 
30,  1863,  to  January  2,  1864.  The  field  officers  were  Ephraim  W.  Woodman, 
of  Wilton,  colonel ;  John  F.  Godfrey,  of  Bangor,  lieutenant-colonel ;  Charles 
A.  Miller,  of  Rockland,  major.  Captain  Elijah  D.  Johnson,  Company  C,  of 
Lewiston,  was  the  only  commissioned  officer  from  Androscoggin  county. 
Detachments  of  this  regiment  left  the  state  at  various  times,  and  were  united 


Military  Affairs. 


169 


at  New  Orleans  June  1, 1864.  Previous  to  this,  Companies  A,  D,  and  a  portion 
of  G,  had  taken  part  in  engagements  at  Cherryville  Cross  Roads,  Marksville, 
Avoyelles  Prairie,  and  Yellow  Bayou,  winning  credit.  August  11,  the  regi- 
ment formed  camp  at  Barrancas,  Fla,  and  was  employed  in  fatigue  duty  and 
in  raiding  until  February,  1865.  February  23,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Spurling 
attacked  a  strong  force  of  Confederates  at  Milton,  Fla,  with  300  men,  and 
routed  it.  March  19,  the  regiment  joined  General  Steele's  command  at  Pen- 
sacola  to  aid  in  the  campaign,  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  Mobile  and  the 
opening  of  Alabama  to  the  advance  of  Federal  troops.  In  this  campaign  the 
Second  had  several  encounters  with  the  Confederates,  and  destroyed  a  large 
amount  of  the  enemy's  property,  beside  opening  communication  with  General 
Canby,  besieging  Spanish  Fort,  and  capturing  many  prisoners.  After  the  fall 
of  Mobile  one  detachment  of  the  Second  was  assigned  to  the  Sixteenth  Army 
Corps,  and  was  all  the  cavalry  with  that  body  of  30,000  men  in  its  march 
to  Montgomery.  In  August  the  regiment  was  scattered  in  small  detach- 
ments throughout  western  Florida  to  keep  harmony  and  prevent  insurrection. 
December  6,  it  was  again  at  Barrancas  and  mustered  out  of  the  United  States 
service.  Twenty-five  commissioned  officers  and  116  men  were  discharged  in 
Florida  on  their  making  oath  to  remain  there  and  become  citizens,  and  14 
officers  and  500  men  were  sent  to  Maine,  where  they  were  discharged  at 
Augusta,  December  21,  1865.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Godfrey  resigned  May  4, 
1864,  and  the  field  officers  at  close  of  service  were  Ephraim  W.  Woodman, 
colonel;  Andrew  B.  Spurling,  lieutenant-colonel;  Nathan  Cutler,  Charles  A. 
Miller,  and  Eben  Hutchinson,  majors. 

ROSTER. 


James  N.  Atwood,  Bugler,  Liver  more 

LendaU  S.  Caswell,  B,  Leeds 

Elijah  D.  Johnson,  Capt.,  C,  Lewiston 

Thomas  J.  Owen,  Corp.,  I,  Turner 

Dexter  AV.  True,  I,  pro  Serg.,  ,, 

Daniel  D.  Dunn,  K,  liivermore 
Benj.  M.  Bradbury,  Sgt,  M,  died  Oct. 

25,  1864,  Auburn 

Henry  C.  Daley,  B,  Lewiston 

E.  Riley  Bishop,  Corp.,  I,  Leeds 


Chas  T.  Knight,  I,  died  Sept.  29,  G4,  Leeds 

David  E.  Trask,  M,  died  July  12,  64, 
Roscoe  G.  Lindsay,  I,  died  Sept.  8,  64,  ,, 

Forest  L.  Chase,  C,  East  Livermore 

Adam  Young,  C,  Auburn 

Philip  Cautlin,  D,  Lewiston 

James  E.  Caswell,  H,  ,, 

James  M.  Cobb,  H,  Durham 

Reuel  Haskell,  M,  Auburn 

Fred  B.  Haskell,  M, 


First  Regiment  Sharpshooters.  —  This  body  of  six  companies  was  organized 
at  Augusta  to  serve  one  and  three  years.  Companies  A  and  B  were  sent  south 
November  12,  1864,  and  assigned  to  the  defenses  of  City  Point,  Va.  Com- 
panies C,  D,  E,  and  F  were  oi-ganized  later  in  1864.  December  7  and  30  they 
went  to  Galloupe's  Island,  Boston  Harbor,  and  January  1,  1865,  were  ordered 
to  City  Point,  where,  joining  their  comrades,  they  remained  until  the  discovery 
by  the  War  Department  that  no  Federal  authority  existed  for  such  a  regi- 


170  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


mental  organization.     Soon  after  the  several  companies  were  consolidated  with 
the  Twentieth  Infantry  Regiment. 


ROSTER. 


John  Butler,  1st  Lieut,  C,  Lewiston 
George  F.  Haskell,  Corp.,  C,  ,, 

William  Roberts,  Serg.,  E,  ,, 

Eugene  Hinkley,  Corp.,  E,  ,, 

Frank  E.  Frye,  Serg.,  F,  „ 


Daniel  W.  Hinkley,  Serg.,  F,  died  of 

wounds,  April  3, 1865,  Lewiston 

James  W.  Libby,  Lieut,  E,  Leeds 

Albert  M.  Rose,  E,  died  Jan.  17,  1865, 


Company  i),  Second  United  States  Sharpshooters.  — This  was  a  picked 
company,  each  man  having  to  put  ten  consecutive  shots  within  five  inches  of 
the  center  of  a  target,  firing  from  a  rest  two  hundred  yards  distant.  James 
D.  Fessenden,  of  Portland,  was  captain;  Jacob  McClure,  of  Rockland,  first 
lieutenant;  Silas  C.  Barker,  of  Augusta,  second  lieutenaiit.  This  company 
was  mustered  into  service  November  2,  1861,  left  the  state  November  13,  for 
Washington,  and  became  Company  D  of  Berdan's  Second  Regiment  of  Sharp- 
shooters on  their  arrival,  and  was  stationed  in  or  near  Washington  until  March 
19,  1862,  when  it  was  assigned  to  General  King's  division  of  General  McDow- 
ell's Corps.  This  year  this  company  did  effective  service  in  many  important 
skirmishes  and  battles,  among  them  the  battles  near  Manassas,  the  advance  to 
Sharpsburg,  Antietam,  and  Fredericksburg.  It  was  in  camp  at  Stoneman's 
Station  from  December  15,  1862,  to  April  28,  1863.  It  took  part  in  the  fight 
at  Chancellorsville,  May  2,  and  was  at  Gettysburg  July  2  and  3.  Recrossing 
the  Potomac  it  went  into  camp  at  Brandy  Station,  where  the  men  re-enlisted 
and  were  furloughed.  Returning  March  1,  1864,  the  company  took  part  in 
the  regimental  movements  and  actions  until  it  was  consolidated  with  the  Sev- 
enteenth Infantry,  February  18,  1865.  Daniel  P.  Eaton,  of  Auburn,  Michael 
Murphy  and  Patrick  Earley,  of  Lewiston,  were  in  this  company. 

Miscellaneous.  —  A  coast-guard  battalion  of  seven  companies  was  organized 
from  March  18,  1864,  to  March  2,  1865,  to  serve  one,  two,  and  three  years. 
Androscoggin  was  represented  in  I),  E,  and  F.  All  of  the  companies  were 
mustered  out  of  service  in  1865. 

Three  companies.  A,  B,  and  K,  of  light  infantry  militia  were  mustered  into 
United  States  service  in  1864,  to  serve  in  forts  along  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Company  H  was  in  service  from  April  27,  1864,  to  July  9,  1864,  at  Fort 
McClary,  Kittery.     Many  of  its  men  were  from  Lewiston. 

Thirty  unassigned  companies  of  infantry  were  organized  at  Augusta  in 
1864  and  1865  to  serve  one,  two,  and  three  years.  Nineteen  were  assigned  to 
various  regiments,  four  were  organized  as  the  First  Battalion  Infantry,  two 
were  never  mustered  into  Federal  service,  and  five  continued  in  independent 
service  until  they  were  mustered  out.  The  Sixth,  Twenty-seventh,  and 
Thirtieth  contained  men  from  this  county. 


Military  Affairs. 


171 


ROSTER   COAST   GUARD   INFANTRY. 


Daniel  L.  Verrill,  Corp.,  D,  Auburn 

George  W.  Bailey,  Corp.,  D,  „ 

George  L.  Adams,  D,  ,, 

Stephen  S.  Merrill,  D,  „ 

Rufus  E.  Rounds,  Corp.,  D,  ,, 

Marshall  Stevens,  D,  „ 

Charles  M.  Stevens,  D,  ,, 

William  W.  Stevens,  D,  „ 

Charles  A.  "Williams,  D,  „ 
Roswell  C.  Dunton,  D,                              Lewiston 

Joseph  H.  Dunton,  D,  ,, 

Lewis  M.  Hatch,  D,  ,, 

Arthur  Hathorn,  D,  „ 


Enoch  L.  Hinkley,  D,  Lewiston 

Charles  II.  Holbrook,  D,  ,, 

David  C.  Jackson,  D,  ,, 

Marcus  F.  Joy,  D,  ,, 

Llewellyn  S.  Libby,  D,  ,, 

William  Quimby,  D,  ,, 
Silas  B.  Wood,  D, 

James  J.  Chase,  Lieut,  E,  Turner 
Stephen  M.  Chamberlain,  Corp.,  F,          Auburn 

John  D.  Bailey,  F,  ,, 

Cornelius  Stackpole,  F,  „ 

Samuel  L.  Washburn,  F,  ,, 


ROSTER    COMPANY    H,   LIGHT   INFANTRY. 


Chester  C.  Thing,  1st  Lieut, 
Dennis  E.  Lowell,  Serg., 
Lnther  Jones,  Corp., 
William  Maines,  Corp., 
William  Hayes,  Corp., 
William  W.  Bailey,  Mus., 
Luther  C.  Bateman, 
Charles  H.  Berry, 
Ansil  F.  Crooker, 
Robert  D.  Carvill. 
Albert  G.  Dunham, 
Wesley  C.  Donnell, 
Charles  W.  Dennett, 
Andrew  Elliot, 
Jacob  A.  Field, 
Alonzo  P.  Graffam, 
Enoch  L.  Hinkley, 
Eben  Merrill, 
Martin  W.  Penley, 
John  N.  Packard, 
Charles  Sampson, 
John  B.  Sanders, 
Orestes  S.  Wood, 


Lewiston 


Thomas  A.  Eastman,  Serg. 
Andrew  F.  Hodsdon,  Serg., 
George  D.  Bearce,  Corp., 
William  Hayes,  Corp., 
John  Keene,  Mus., 
Joel  S.  Boomer, 
Joseph  Brisey, 
Chandler  Barron, 
Joseph  S.  Carter, 
Thomas  B.  Chadbourne, 
Richard  DeWitt, 
Ervin  V.  Daley, 
H.  Nelson  Emery, 
John  F.  Eaton, 
Moses  D.  Golder, 
Oscar  F.  Gammon, 
Charles  H.  Holland, 
Melville  I.  McKenney, 
Almortd  L.  Penley, 
Joseph  E.  Rankin, 
James  M.  Steadman, 
Greenleaf  G.  Wagg, 


Lewiston 


ROSTER    OF   UNASSIGNED   COMPANIES    INFANTRY. 


John  H.  Merrill,  Corp.,  6th,  Lewiston 

Edgar  H.  Forrest,  Corp.,  Gth,  ,, 

Henry  P.  Abbott,  6th,  ,, 

Barnum  Jones,  6th,  ,, 

Benjamin  F.  Pray,  6th,  ,, 

George  Seabury,  6th,  ,, 

Nathaniel  D.  Chase,  Serg.,  9th,  Durham 

William  Newell,  9th,  ,, 

W.  Chaplin,  27th,  Poland 

Ansel  F.  Crooker,  27th, 
James  W.  Downing,  27th, 
Albert  F.  Herrick,  27th, 
William  H.  Kilbouru,  27th, 
George  B.  Lane,  27th, 


James  M.  Mills,  27th, 
Mark  E.  Morton,  27th, 
George  W.  Walker,  27th, 
William  E.  Farrar,  27th, 
Frank  E.  Frye,  Lieut,  30th, 
Andrew  J.  Elliott,  Corp.,  .30tb, 
Alonzo  P.  Graffam,  30th, 
James  W.  Mitchell,  30th, 
Moses  Chick,  30th, 
Gerard  Chick,  30th, 
Elisha  P.  Churchill,  30th, 
James  A.  Douglass,  30th, 
George  R.  Howard,  30th, 
Charles  Jackson,  30th, 


Poland 


Minot 
Lewiston 


172 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Charles  J.  King,  30th,  Lewiston 

Ward  Locke,  30th, 

Llewellyn  C.  Pomeroy,  30th,  d  in  service,    ,, 

Warren  Pickering,  30th,  ,, 

Nicholas  F.  Ward,  30th, 

Millard  A.  Bowie,  30th,  Durham 

Seward  ^lerrill,  30th,  ,, 

Ira  F.  Beal,  30th,  Auburn 

Samuel  J.  Bradbury,  30th,  ,, 


Seth  Briggs,  30th,  Auburn 

Hiram  B.  Drake,  30th,  „ 

Solomon  Pettingill,  30th,  ,, 

Stillman  S.  Perkins,  30th,  „ 

Roscoe  G.  Townsend,  30th,  ,, 

Albert  H.  Wilson,  30th,  ,, 

Charles  Knight,  30th,  ,, 

Samuel  P.  Irving,  Corp.,  30th,  Livermore 

Orpheus  M.  Leonard,  25th,  Leeds 


ENLISTMENTS   IN   U.   S.   REGULAR   ARMY. 


George  Clark, 
Wilson  Whittier, 
William  F.  Webb, 
Charles  Smith, 
Frank  Porri, 
David  W.  Pyle, 
Arthur  W.  Penley, 
Henry  Herman, 


Auburn 


Turner 


Henry  Cousins, 

Sanford  M.  Annis,      17th  U.  S. 
Albion  D.  Briggs,  ,, 

Charles  W.  Hayford,     ,, 
Sanford  Annis,  ,, 

Richard  McCarthy,        ,, 
Wm  K.  Chamberlain,  1st  Lieut,  17th 
U.  S.  I.,  killed  July  2,  1863, 


Lewiston 
Auburn 


ENLISTMENTS   IN   THE   U.   S.   NAVY. 


Winfield  S.  Hill, 

Greene 

William  Berry, 

Minot 

John  Baptiste, 

Leeds 

Clark  R.  Caswell, 

,, 

Timothy  Connelly, 

,, 

John  Butler, 

Danville 

Charles  Brown, 

Durham 

Bernard  Burke, 

Turner 

Radford  Booker, 

,j 

John  Burns, 

>) 

Daniel  Burns, 

Durham 

George  B.  Barstow, 

,, 

Dennis  Conners, 

Lewiston 

Luther  C.  Chadbourne, 

Greene 

Jesse  Coffin, 

Webster 

Charles  Clark, 

Durham 

Cornelius  Crowley, 

Lewiston 

James  Cullen, 

Leeds 

Daniel  Canlon, 

Greene 

William  Clark, 

,, 

James  A.  Oronins, 

Leeds 

George  Currier, 

Durham 

Patrick  Driscoll, 

Minot 

James  Dooly, 

Danville 

Daniel  Downing, 

jj 

Rufus  L.  Dill, 

Auburn 

William  Dunn, 

Lisbon 

Mark  Denningliam, 

Durham 

Francis  Evans, 

Greene 

James  Ferguson, 

" 

James  Fitzgerald, 

East  Livermore 

Henry  Fitz, 

Durham 

Herbert  Field, 

Lewiston 

James  Gordon, 

jj 

William  Greene, 
Charles  M.  Hines, 
James  Hampton, 
Sandy  Harper, 
Louis  Henry, 
Benjamin  Hammond, 
Gustave  Henderson, 
Charles  E.  Johnson, 
Charles  F.  Lindsey, 
Rosmus  Lawson, 
Frank  J.  Lindsey, 
Everett  Lindsey, 
Gideon  P.  Lowell, 
Alden  Moulton, 
Arthur  N.  G.  Moulton, 
Daniel  Mahoney, 
John  McNeil, 
Jacol)  Moore, 
John  A.  Moore, 
James  MuUin, 
Daniel  McDaniels, 
Daniel  McLellan, 
John  Moore, 
John  McBride, 
Charles  Miller, 
William  Needham, 
John  Philpot, 
John  Peterson, 
William  F.  Quinby, 
John  Ready, 
Frans  Raborg, 
William  Ryan, 
Francis  Robinson, 
Henry  L.  Springer, 


Danville 

Turner 

Minot 

Danville 

Durham 

Minot 
Leeds 

Minot 
Leeds 

Greene 


Lewiston 
Turner 

Auburn 

Minot 

Leeds 

Danville 


Durham 
Greene 

Auburn 

Turner 

Greene 

Minot 

Lisbon 

Durham 

Lewiston 


Military  Affairs. 


173 


Levi  C.  Sumner, 
John  Sullivan, 
John  Sullivan, 
James  Scott, 
John  Steib, 
Henry  Spaulding, 
Charles  Smith, 
William  Turner, 
Charles  F.  Tripp, 
Thomas  Vance, 
Joseph  Worth, 
John  Wilson, 
Charles  H.  Ward, 
Doane  S.  Wing, 


Leeds 

Minot 

Poland 

Danville 

Lisbon 

Greene 

Lisbon 

Minot 

Danville 

Durham 

Livermore 

Danville 

Lisbon 

Leeds 


Benjamin  P.  Winston, 

John  V.  Winslow, 

George  D.  Field, 

Warren  F.  Field, 

Cyrus  E.  Field, 

George  A.  Stinchfield, 

Isaac  W.  Bowring,  enlisted  Portland, 


Greene 


Danville 


Auburn 


Willard  Winslow, 
Charles  H.  Davis, 
Dennett  Cotton, 
Charles  N.  Raynes, 
Francis  Allen, 
Robert  Harlow, 


Boston, 


Portland,  kd. 


From  Auburn  enlisted  apparently  unaccounted  for  in  preceding  rosters: 
Wallace  Bicknell,  John  Y.  Turner,  William  T.  Turner,  Allen  D.  Whitman, 
Parker  S.  Merrill  (Second  D.  C.  Volunteers),  Parker  S.  Stevens  (Second  D.  C. 
Volunteers),  Henry  Jago.  From  Durham  went  Rufus  Tuttle,  George  Tuttle, 
and  John  D.  Haskell  in  Massachusetts  organizations,  Edwin  Osgood  in  a  New 
York,  and  Samuel  Loring  in  an  Ohio  regiment,  E.  W.  Stetson  in  a  Wisconsin 
battery.  George  Wentworth,  Byron  G.  Hill,  and  Henry  H.  Coburn  of  Greene, 
and  Alphonzo  B.  Holland  of  Lewiston,  served  in  Second  D.  C.  Infantry.  Dr. 
John  F.  Pratt,  of  Greene,  was  a  surgeon  in  service,  while  Lewis  Winslow  and 
John  Chase  are  apparently  unaccounted  for.  Danville  sent  Charles  Smith, 
Cyrus  C.  Walker,  and  Charles  B.  iieynolds.  Samuel  Jordan,  of  Poland,  was 
paymaster  in  United  States  Nav3^  Charles  W.  Norcross,  of  Livermore,  served 
in  Fourth  Massachusetts  Infantry.  John  N.  Fuller,  a  native  of  Livermore, 
served  in  the  Eleventh  Illinois.  Joseph  E.  Jackson,  of  Lewiston,  was  hospital 
steward  in  a  Federal  Kentucky  regiment.  Ezra  Mitchell,  Jr,  of  Mechanic 
Falls,  was  assistant  surgeon  at  Cony  Hospital.  ' 


THE   GRAND   ARMY   IN   ANDROSCOGGIN. 

K710X  Post,  No.  0,  Gr.  A.  M.,  Lewiston.  —  The  order  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic  was  introduced  into  Maine  by  General  William  A.  Schmidt, 
of  Quincy,  Illinois,  in  1867.  Some  of  the  ex-veterans  of  Lewiston  met  General 
Schmidt  at  the  convention  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  held  in  Portland  in  June, 
1867.  They  were  extremel}^  anxious  to  arrange  for  the  organization  of  a  post 
in  Lewiston,  but  it  was  not  effected  until  November  25,  1867.  For  this 
purpose  a  meeting  was  called  at  Graffam  &  Skinner's  Hall,  on  Bates  street, 
and  the  following  were  mustered  in  as  charter  members  of  a  post  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  viz.:  John  S.  P.  Ham,  Isaac  S.  Faunce,  H.  H.  Rich- 
ardson, George  A.  l^arker,  John  F.  I'utnam,  Daniel  J.  Chandler,  E.  D.  Johnson, 
Amos  Whitney,  Phil  P.  Getchell,  Nelson  Howard,  Benjamin  Litchfield,  J.  H. 
Bowie,  John  A.  Skinner,  Almon  J.  Gardiner,  C.  K.  Hooker,  C.  W.  Richardson, 
George  L.  Dustin,  and  G.  C.  Sabin.     This  was  the  ninth  post  in  Maine,  and 


174  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


was  organized  under  the  direction  of  Cai)tain  H.  A.  Shorey,  of  Bath.  First 
Officers.  — John  S.  P.  Ham,  P.  C. ;  Isaac  S.  Faunce,  S.  V.  P.  C;  H.  H.  Rich- 
ardson, J.  V.  P.  C;  John  F.  Putnam,  P.  Adjutant;  Phil  P.  Getchell,  P.  Q.  M.; 
Daniel  J.  Chandler,  I.  G.;  George  A.  Parker,  O.  G.  Amos  Whitney,  Almon 
J.  Gardiner,  Benjamin  Litchfield,  Charles  K.  Hooker,  J.  H.  Bowie,  were 
detailed  for  guard  duty.  The  post  did  not  receive  a  name  until  December 
1,  1868,  and  was  then  called  Knox  Post,  in  memory  of  Chaplain  George  Knox, 
who  was  chaplain  of  the  First,  Tenth,  and  Twenty-ninth  Maine  Regiments; 
and  died  in  Virginia,  October  31,  1861.  One  of  the  members  served  as 
commander  of  the  Department  of  Maine  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and 
several  others  were  elected  to  offices  in  that  body.  The  post  surrendered  its 
charter  April  18,  1877,  thus  closing  a  work,  which  for  nearly  ten  years  had 
been  fruitful  in  acts  of  philanthropy  and  charity. 

Custer  Post,  No.  7,  (r.  A.  M.,  Le/wiston.  —  This  post  had  its  origin  in  a 
meeting  of  the  petitioners  for  a  charter  held  at  the  hall  formerly  occupied  by 
Knox  Post,  May  16,  1877.  (The  record  of  the  meeting  is  dated  June  16,  an 
obvious  error,  as  the  next  meeting  was  held  "on  Saturday  next.  May  19.") 
On  May  19  and  23,  preliminary  meetings  were  held,  and  May  26  the  post  was 
organized  by  the  assistant-adjutant  general  of  the  Department  of  Maine,  S.  J. 
Gallagher,  who  mustered  in  these  comrades:   M.  T.  Ludden,  R.  L.  Howard,  G. 

A.  Chandler,  J.  Q.  A.  Jumper,  A.  L.  Wills,  M.  A.  Murphy,  I.  S.  Faunce,  M. 
Emery,  N.  R.  Lougee,  L.  Q.  Arnold,  D.  P.  Field,  L.  T.  Curtis,  J.  S.  P.  Ham, 
J.  F.  Davis,  W.  H.  Graffam,  Russell  Daggett,  Otis  Currier,  A.  J.  Woodbury, 

B.  B.  Wells,  W.  S.  Voter,  D.  H.  Elliott,  G.  A.  Parker,  Nelson  Howard,  W.  T. 
Chase,  A.  S.  Perham,  J.  L.  Hayes,  T.  B.  Mennealy,  C.  H.  Goodwin,  Charles  H. 
Jumper,  L.  C.  Aldrich,  A.  B.  Holland.  The  first  officers  were:  W.  T.  Chase, 
commander;  J.  L.  Hayes,  quartermaster;  R.  L.  Howard,  chaplain;  C.  H. 
Jumper,  officer  of  the  day;  T.  B.  Mennealy,  officer  of  the  guard;  A.  S.  Per- 
ham, adjutant.  The  post  was  named  by  M.  T.  Ludden,  R.  L.  Howard  and  A. 
S.  Perham.  The  commanders  have  been:  W.  T.  Chase,  C.  P.  Nash,  Isaac  S. 
Faunce,  R.  L.  Howard,  J.  Q.  A.  Jumper,  W.  G.  Haskell,  B.  B.  Wells,  D.  P. 
Field,  S.  H.  Bagley,  D.  P.  Field,  J.  O.  Nickerson,  George  B.  Haskell,  William 
H.  Graffam,  George  W.  Cappers,  J.  L.  Hayes,  C.  S.  Crowell,  F.  A.  Conant. 
Much  of  the  good  work  done  by  Custer  Post,  its  care  for  the  sick  and 
distressed,  and  other  labors  in  which  it  has  wrought  well,  unrecorded,  and  are 
only  indicated  on  its  books  by  the  payment  of  some  bill  for  supplies,  and  by 
the  record  of  thanks  received  from  some  beneficiary,  (xraves  are  decorated  in 
Riverside,  Barkerville,  Mount  Hope,  Greene,  Sabattus,  and  South  Lewiston 
cemeteries.  The  post  owns  a  large  lot  in  Riverside  Cemetery,  whither  have 
been  brought  the  bodies  of  soldiers  previously  buried  in  various  places  in  the 
cemetery,  and  May  5,  1890,  it  was  incorporated  as  a  charitable  association.  It 
holds  annual  fairs,  which  are  well  patronized  and  has  a  large  post  fund,  while 


Military  Affairs. 


175 


the  relief  fund,  although  constantly  drawn  upon,  is  kept  in  good  condition.  It 
receives  valuable  aid  from  Custer  Relief  Corps  and  Custer  Sons  of  Veterans. 
April  1,  1891,  there  were  235  members  in  good  standing.  Regular  meetings 
are  held  weekly,  on  Monday  evenings,  at  (1.  A.  R.  Hall,  in  Pilsbury  lilock, 
corner  of  Lisbon  and  Pine  streets.  These  comrades  served  in  other  than  Maine 
reg'iments :  — 


George  D.  Armstrong, 

E.  W.  Bartlett, 

Leander  Bourque, 

Fred  A.  Berthold, 

John  E.  Carrigan, 

Seth  Chandler, 

T.  C.  Chapman, 

B.  F.  Cotton, 

W.  E.  Cunningham, 

Russell  S.  Daggett, 

Hugh  Daly, 

Randall  W.  Dresser, 

I.  W.  Emerson, 

Charles  G.  English, 

A.  P.  Foster, 

Thomas  Fahey, 

Fred  A.  Hall, 

William  G.  Haskell, 

O.  A.  Horr,  114  U.  S.  Cav 

Albert  R.  Hovey, 

Charles  Horbury, 

J.  Q.  Huzzy, 

John  C.  Jepson, 


C,  13  Mass  Inf 

A,  19  Mass  Inf 

A,  7  N.  H.  Inf 

1  Conn.  Art 

A,  Marine  Corps 

L,  2  Mass  Cav 

E,  31  Mass  Inf 

C,  2  N.  H.  Inf 

A,  5  Md  Inf 

Navy 


G,  101  Penn. Inf 

G,  1  U.  S.  Cav 

B,  1  Mass  Cav 

A,  (i  N.  H.  Inf 

Navy 

7  Mass  Bat . 

2  Mass  Art 

Ass't  Surgeon 

A,  13  Mass  Inf 

Navy 

H,  1  Minn.  M.  R 

C,  6  Mass  Inf 


James  Kelley, 
Herman  Klusner, 
John  H.  Lander, 
Benjamin  Litchfield, 
Samuel  Lowell, 
Charles  Morgan, 
Hiram  A.  Robinson, 
James  Scott, 
W.  H.  Scruton, 
O.  L.  Small, 
N.  B.  Stockbridge, 
Jonas  W.  Strout, 
Christopher  Thompson, 
Fred  Thornton, 
E.  W.  Vosmus, 
G.  H.  Lombard, 
Charles  E.  Hayes, 
George  Willetts, 
Samuel  Wilkinson, 
W.  J.  Cotton, 
Rodney  Hadley, 
-Jacob  L.  Hayes, 
John  S.  Hill, 


Navy 

K,  25  Mass  Inf 

F,  10  N.  H.  Inf 

D,  13  Mass  Inf 

1,  20  Mass  Inf 

1,  N.  Y.  Cav 

B,  32  Mass  Inf 

G,  53 Ind. Inf 

B,  86  111.  Inf 

B,  8  Penn.  Cav 

A,  142  N.  Y.  Inf 

10  Mass  Bat 

I,  1  Oregon  Inf 

Navy 

26  Mass  Band 

1  Mass  Cav 

Navy 

1,7U.  S.  Inf 

F,  4  N.  H.  Inf 
3,  N.  H.  Inf 
7,  N.  H.  Inf 

Navy 

G,  8  N.  H.  Inf 


Folsom  Post,  No.  J^-Jf,  G.  A.  R.,  Auburn,  was  organized  at  Armory  Hall, 
Auburn,  March  23,  1869.  Charter  members:  A.  A.  Miller,  George  D.  Field, 
Roland  W.  Randall,  Frank  E.  Miller,  Orren  Emerson,  Henry  Young,  Charles 
S.  Emerson,  Joseph  Littlefield,  James  White.  March  27,  A.  C.  Pray,  Henry 
Little,  A.  H.  Fish,  Lyman  Wright,  Aretas  B.  Penney,  S.  H.  West,  Dr  B.  F. 
Sturgis,  Charles  M.  Goss,  and  S.  B.  Day  were  elected  members,  and  officers 
installed  as  follows:  C.  S.  Emerson,  Commander;  A.  C.  Pray,  S.  V.  C;  A.  A. 
Miller,  J.  V.  C;  Henry  Little,  Adjutant;  Joseph  Littlefield,  Q.  M.;  A.  H. 
Fish,  S.  M.;  Lyman  Wright,  Q.  M.  S.;  B.  F.  Sturgis,  Surgeon.  The  post  was 
named  in  honor  of  Lieutenant  James  C.  Folsom,  killed  at  Cedar  Mountain, 
Va.  This  post  relinquished  its  charter  after  an  existence  of  eight  years,  during 
which  time  it  did  a  large  amount  of  good  work,  one  year  paying  out  more  for 
relief  to  soldiers  and  soldiers'  families  than  any  other  post  in  the  state.  Its 
largest  membership  was  about  180. 

Wilson  Post,  No.  17,  G-.  A.  R.,  Turner,  was  organized  in  1876,  with  these 
charter  members:  Jacob  Keene  (dec),  Augustus  H.  Strickland  (dec),  Horace 
Coburn,  Elisha  B.  Lovejoy,  Samuel  A.  Thomas  (dec),  Elbridge  G.  Francis, 
Loren  W,  Morse,  Charles  B.  Young  (dec),   John  Y.  Wood,  Elonzo  Fuller, 


176  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Konello  B.  Keene.  Its  headquarters  have  been  at  North  Turner.  There  have 
been  one  hundred  and  forty-two  mustered  into  its  ranks;  at  present  there  are 
sixty-six  members  in  good  standing.  There  is  a  fund  of  six  hundred  dollars 
for  relief  and  post  use.  Wilson  Post  decorates  about  eighty  graves  each  year. 
Livermore,  Hartford,  Buckfield,  Turner,  and  Leeds  are  represented  in  this 
post.  E.  G.  Francis,  E.  B.  Lovejoy,  A.  H.  Pratt,  M.  K.  Mabry,  and  Shirley 
Merrill  are  past  post  commanders  now  living.  H.  T.  Conant  is  the  present 
post  commander,  and  Rev.  M.  K.  Mabry,  adjutant. 

The  following  comrades  did  not  enlist  from  Androscoggin  county:  Elonzo 
Fuller,  Hartford,  First  Maine  Battery ;  John  Y.  Wood,  Hartford,  Company  E, 
Sixteenth  Maine;  Sylvanus  DeCosta,  Hartford,  Company  C,  Eighth  Maine; 
Moses  Verrill,  Buckfield,  Company  C,  Twentieth  Maine;  Seth  Alden,  Hartford, 
Company  E,  Sixteenth  Maine;  William  G.  Page,  Hartford,  Company  E, 
Eighteenth  Maine;  Jason  Carney,  Wayne,  Company  K,  Third  Maine;  M.  K. 
Mabry,  Hiram,  Company  K,  Seventeenth  Maine;  A.  H.  Pratt  enlisted  in  the 
Fiftieth  Massachusetts;  Patrick  Octril,  Seventeenth  Massachusetts;  Ira  L. 
Mason,  Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry. 

Burndde  Post,  No.  ^7,  Cr.  A.  B.,  Auburn,  was  instituted  October  21,  1881, 
by  Rev.  W.  G.  Haskell,  commander  of  the  Department  of  Maine.  There  were 
seventy-seven  charter  members:    J.  E.  Ashe,  C.  W.  Allen,  Francis  M.  Allen, 

B.  F.  Beals,  D.  Bickford,  George  D.  Barnum,  Rufus  Bryant,  B.  K.  Barrows, 
Charles  F.  Burr,  Horatio  Bumpus,  R.  F.  Bickford,  J.  W.  Chaplin,  J.  W. 
Chaplin,  Jr,  Charles  W.  Campbell,  D.  S.  Curtis,  George  H.  Dunham,  Henry  S. 
Drake,  George  P.  Day,  James  C.  Drew,  J.  N.  Foster,  A.  S.  Folsora,  Frank  F. 
Goss,  C.  M.  Goss,  Joseph  Goss,  R.  L.  Gilbert,  Henry  M.  George,  Benjamin  J. 
Hill,  J.  C.  Harlow,  R.  L.  Harlow,  S.  F.  Haskell,  R.  G.  Jackson,  F.  R.  Jordan, 
Florian  Jordan,'  C.  B.  Kimball,  C.  M.  Keith,  Henry  Little,  Alvah  Leighton,  C. 
M.  Lander,  Alonzo  P.  Lamb,  Abram  Libby,  Elias  A.  Lothrop,  A.  L.  Lamarche, 
George  Lothrop,  W.  H.  Lunt,^  Charles  L.  Metcalf,  Clark  Mitchell,  Frank 
Martin,  I.  B.  Martin,  F.  E.  Miller,  George  W.  Moore,  O.  C.  Phillips,  A.  M. 
Peables,  M.  W.  Penley,  I.  O.  Partridge,  S.  G.  Perry,  Frank  H.  Read,  Weston 
H.  Rand,  iUifus  E.  Rounds,  Thomas  L.  Roberts,'  Frank  J.  Shaw,  J.  B.  Saun- 
ders, B.  F.  Sturgis,  Edwin  T.  Stevens,  Edward  H.  Sawyer,  Robert  M.  Sykes, 
Thomas  Tyrie,  H.  Thompson,  John  E.  True,  R.  B.  Taylor,  George  F.  True, 
Murray  I>.  Watson,  J.  M.  Wagg,  Henry  C.  Weston,  Benjamin  Watson,  Henry 

C.  Cony,'  S.  F.  Chaplin,  Delance  Young.  The  first  officers  were:  Thomas 
Tyrie,  Commander;  Delance  Young,  S.  V.  C. ;  J.  E.  Ashe,  J.  V.  C;  Edwin 
T.  Stevens,  Q.  M. ;  A.  M.  Peables,  Surgeon;  George  Lothrop,  Chaplain; 
George  D.  Barnum,  O.  D.;  A.  P.  Lamb,  O.  G. ;  Murray  B.  Watson,  Adjutant; 
C.  M.  Lander,  S.  M.;  F.  F.  Goss,  Q.  M.  S.  This  post  is  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  influential  posts  in  Maine.     Its  total  membership  has  been  486,  and  at 

1  Not  eligible  to  membership. 


Military  Affairs. 


177 


present  writing  (March,  1891,)  it  has  310  members  in  good  standing.  It  has 
ever  been  an  active  body,  and  has  discharged  its  duties  in  a  faithful  manner. 
It  has  had  nearly  every  year  a  fine  parade  on  Memorial  Day,  when  the 
numerous  cemeteries  in  the  town  have  been  visited  and  the  graves  of  soldiers 
decorated.  Its  fairs  have  met  the  hearty  support  of  the  people  and  brought  to 
the  relief  fund  ample  supplies,  which  have  been  expended  wisely  and  gener- 
ously in  the  aid  of  sick  and  distressed  soldiers  and  their  families.  Its  record 
is  a  noble  one.  The  moneys  paid  out  for  charitable  purposes  since  its  organi- 
zation amount  to  thousands  of  dollars.  It  has  two  valuable  auxiliaries  —  the 
Relief  Corps  and  Sons  of  Veterans,  that  have  been  of  great  service  in  its  good 
works.  The  commanders  have  been  Thomas  Tyrie,  Delance  Young,  J.  E. 
Ashe,  Charles  S.  Emerson,  George  Lothrop,  J.  N.  Foster,  Edwin  T.  Stevens, 
A.  B.  Crafts,  Charles  L.  Metcalf,  H.  B.  Sawyer. 

Some  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Auburn  who  were  not  soldiers  are  connected 
with  the  post  as  honorary  members,  and  are  called  Honorary  Reserves.  Two 
of  these,  Ara  Cushman  and  E.  T.  Gile,  each  have  purchased  a  Post  Memorial 
Record,  costing  $100  per  volume,  to  secure  for  the  post  the  complete  war 
record  of  each  member,  and  Comrade  Henry  Little,  the  post  historian,  is  now 
making  the  transcript  in  these  magnificent  volumes.  The  flag  which  waves 
over  Edward  Little  High  School  when  in  session,  was  presented  by  Burn- 
side  Post,  April  9,  1890.  The  post  has,  at  46  Main  street,  a  fine  hall  with 
reading  and  social  rooms  attached,  where  weekly  meetings  are  held  Wednesday 
evenings.     These  members  served  in  other  than  Maine  organizations:  — 


George  Acherson, 

Serg.,  A,  12th  R.  I 

George  H.  Howard, 

B,  1st  H.  A 

William  E.  Alden, 

Unattached  Mass 

Moses  D.  Hodgkins, 

G,  45th  Mass 

Isaac  S.  Ayers, 

F,  104th  111 

J.  A.  Hackett, 

Serg.,  C,  1st  111.  Art 

George  D.  Barnum, 

C,  12th  Mass 

W.  H.  Hanscom, 

D,  74th  N.  Y 

R.  F.  Bickford, 

I,  12th  N.  H 

Thomas  Hayes, 

U.  S.  S.  Sabine 

David  Bickford, 

A,  2d  Mass 

H.  N.  Hood, 

A,  3d  Mass 

R.  S.  Bradbury, 

A,  2d  Mass 

John  M.  Kennison, 

Serg.,  D,  7th  N.  H 

George  H.  Billington, 

58th  Mass 

Oliver  P.  Laverty, 

E,  25th  Mass 

James  W.  Chaplin, 

H,  6th  Mo.  Cav 

Lawrenton  Lane, 

A,  17th  U.  S.  Inf 

Henry  Clark, 

U.  S.  N 

William  A.  Miller, 

6th  Ind.  Mass 

William  P.  Dyer, 

8th  Mass  H.  A 

Michael  McGrath, 

F,  91st  N.  Y 

George  M.  Dyer, 

G,  19th  Mass 

Enoch  C.  Nevrton, 

G,  18th  Conn 

Henry  P.  Dorman, 

A,  13th  Mass 

A.  M.  Peables, 

Surg.,  30th  U.  S.  Col 

G.  W.  Daicy, 

Serg.,  D,  53d  Penn 

J.  D.  Pulsifer, 

paymaster  U.  S.  A 

Charles  Dinsmore, 

D,  3d  Vt 

George  H.Rock, 

K,  1st  Va  Cav 

Walter  S.  Eldridge, 

F,  92d  N.  Y 

Edwin  T.  Stephens, 

Serg.,  D,  1st  Mass  Bat 

Nelson  Fogg, 

C,  2d  Mass  H.  A 

Thomas  Tyrie, 

Serg.,  H,  1st  N.H.  Cav 

H.  M.  George, 

A,  17th  Vt 

Hannibal  Thompson, 

Corp.,  L,  2d  Mass  H.  A 

F.  W.  Garrett, 

Mus.,  13th  Mass 

Albert  F.  Whiting, 

K,  7th  Mass 

Horace  INI.  Gurney, 

K,  14th  Mass  H.  A 

Charles  W.  Wallace, 

E,  6th  Vt 

John  Gray, 

G,  7th  U.  S.  Inf 

A.  D.  Whitman, 

G,  13th  Mass 

I.  C.  Hanson, 

K,  3d  U.  S.  Art 

William  Willett, 

U.S.  N 

Ruel  W.  Hanscom, 

I,  43d  Mass 

Albert  A.  Young, 

Corp.,  D,  33d  Mass 

Behj.  F.  B.  Holmes, 

C,  1st  Mass  Cav 

178  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Burnside  Belief  Corps  was  instituted  January  30, 1883.  It  had  thirty-three 
charter  members  and  its  first  officers  were:  President,  Dr  Mary  Bates  Stevens; 
Vice-President,  Mrs  C.  E.  Moulton  ;  Secretary,  Mrs  Ella  A.  Beals ;  Treasurer, 
Mrs  Amy  Estes ;  Chaplain,  Mrs  Annie  Foster;  Conductor,  Mrs  George  D. 
Barnum;  Guard,  Mrs  M.  E.  Smith;  Past  President,  Lydia  A.  Bickford. 
Since  organization  the  corps  has  had  over  275  members  on  its  books.  It  has 
furnished  for  the  state  department  of  the  society  two  presidents,  two  secre- 
taries, two  treasurers,  one  inspector,  and  one  director.  The  corps  and  the  post 
work  hand  in  hand  for  the  good  of  the  veterans  and  their  families,  and  in  a 
year  do  a  large  amount  of  labor  and  accomplish  much  good. 

A.  A.  DwinaJ  Post,  No.  3,  Gr.  A.  B.,  Mechanic  Falls.  —  This  post,  named  in 
honor  of  one  of  Minot's  youngest  citizen  soldiers,  a  lieutenant  in  Company  E, 
Seventeenth  Maine  Regiment,  whose  picture  and  sword  hang  on  the  walls  of 
the  hall  where  the  post  meets  weekly,  was  instituted  July  18,  1872,  by 
Inspector  W.  H.  Pennell,  of  Portland.  Although  only  nine  men,  Josiah  Carr, 
Augustus  Golderman,  Asa  L.  Downs,  Elliot  King,  R.  D.  Weston,  L.  L. 
Brown,  H.  T.  Bucknam,  David  Farr,  G.  M.  Holt,  and  Edward  F.  Ross  were 
named  in  the  charter,  thirty-one  men  were  present  at  the  institution,  viz.: 
Josiah  Carr,  Augustus  Golderman,  H.  T.  Bucknam,  Z.  M.  Cushman,  S. 
Hiram  Hutchinson,  Nathaniel  Harding,  Frank  A.  Millett,  Eliab  Bryant,  James 
L.  Dingley,  A.  L.  Rounds,  David  Farr,  A.  S.  Harmon,  Mellen  Greene,  William 
C.  Bridge,  Frank  Bridge,  G.  M.  Holt,  Elliot  King,  G.  W.  Currier,  Asa  L. 
Downs,  William  A.  Tobie,  Joseph  R.  Bearce,  W.  W.  Pratt,  Edward  F.  Ross, 
Hiram  B.  King,  Percival  D.  Herrick,  Richard  D.  Weston,  L.  L.  Brown, 
Edward  Fuller,  Ronello  Dwinal,  Hiram  Moore,  Hiram  P.  Bailey.  The  first 
officers  were:  Commander,  Josiah  Carr;  Senior  Vice  Commander,  Hamlin  T. 
Bucknam;  Junior  Vice  Commander,  Z.  M.  Cushman;  Chaplain,  Zenas 
Thompson;  Quartermaster,  G.  M.  Holt;  Officer  of  the  Day,  S.  H.  Hutchinson; 
Officer  of  the  Guard,  Asa  L.  Downs ;  Adjutant,  Augustus  Golderman ; 
Sergeant-Major,  Mellen  Greene;  Quartermaster  Sergeant,  Elliot  King.  The 
commanders  since  that  time  have  been :  Horace  A.  Sawyer,  1873 ;  Hamlin  T. 
Bucknam,  1874 ;  Edward  Fuller,  1875  ;  Edward  F.  Ross,  1876 ;  Frank  R. 
Harmon,  1877  and  1878;  Hiram  B.  King,  1879;  William  H.  Poole,  1880; 
William  C.  Bridge,  1881 ;  Charles  B.  Adams,  1882;  George  W.  Robbins,  1883; 
Hamlin  T.  Bucknam,  1884;  F.  Edwin  Dwinal,  1885;  Asa  L.  Downs,  1886; 
George  W.  Sholes,  1887;  Frank  A.  Millett,  1888;  Charles  N.  Burns,  1889; 
Orrin  Downs,  1890 ;  Joseph  Gould,  1891.  The  present  officers  are :  Commander, 
Joseph  Gould;  Senior  Vice  Commander,  Dexter  D.  Skinner;  Junior  Vice 
Commander,  Charles  S.  Greene;  Adjutant,  Charles  N.  Burns;  Quartermaster, 
Hamlin  T.  Bucknam;  Chaplain,  George  W.  Sholes;  Surgeon,  Francis  E. 
Mabry ;  O.  D.,  John  F.  Bancroft ;  ( ).  G.,  Amos  Tilton.  The  post  held  its  first 
meeting  in  Briggs's  Hall,  in  the  block  now  owned  by  D.  B.  Perry,  and  occupied 


Military  Affairs.  179 


these  quarters  until  about  1883,  when  it  leased  and  moved  into  J.  1).  Curtis's 
hall,  where  its  meetings  are  held.  With  the  aid  of  liberal  contributions  from 
the  citizens  of  Minot  and  Poland  the  post  has  erected  a  beautiful  soldier's 
monument  in  ^Mechanic  Falls,  "Dedicated  May  30,  A.D.  1887,  to  the  memory 
of  those  comrades  who  died  during  the  war,  1861-1865." 

These  members  of  the  post  served  in  organizations  outside  the  state:  Frank 
A.  Millett,  4  Mass.  Heavy  Art.,  Co.  I;  Z.  M.  C'ushman,  1st  Mass.,  Co.  I),  lieut; 
Hiram  B.  King,  Co.  K,  1  D.  C.  Cav.;  J.  C.  Owens,  Co.  G,  181  Ohio;  H.  A. 
Sawyer,  Co.  H,  1st  Mass.;  George  F.  Church,  Co.  G,  11  Mass.;  Horatio  H. 
Gammon,  Co.  G,  43  Mass.;  Henry  M.  George,  Co.  A,  17  Vt  Inf.;  Albert  H. 
Law,  Co.  C,  33  Ind.;  Jeremiah  Robinson,  Co.  C,  4  Mass.  Cav.;  L.  F.  Johnson, 
Co.  G,  2  Mass.;  Edson  F.  Howard,  19  unattached  Mass.  Vols.;  Moses  D.  Hodg- 
kins,  Co.  G,  45  Mass.;  B.  R.  Sumner,  Navy;  Orrin  AV.  Bartlett,  Co.  L,  1  D.  C. 
Cav.;  Harry  W.  Jordan,  Co.  E,  14  N.  H. ;  Albert  J.  Smith,  Navy;  E.  H. 
Damon,  Co.  G,  2  D.  C.  Inf.;  John  Faunce,  Co.  I,  1  D.  C.  Cav.;  Michael 
McGrath,  Co.  F,  91  N.  Y.;  Charles  Greene,  1  N.  H.  Heavy  Art. 

Berry  Post,  JVo.  10,  Cr.  A.  R.,  Lisbon.  —  A  post  was  instituted  here  February 
1,  1868,  by  Captains  I.  S.  Faunce  and  J.  S.  P.  Ham,  with  these  officers:  O.  E. 
Small,  P.  C;  Charles  W.  Gerrish,  S.  V.  C;  W.  H.  H.  Atwood,  J.  V.  C; 
Emery  Gilbert,  Adjutant;  Judson  Ames,  Q.  M.;  L.  Judkins,  S.;  George  W. 
Jordan,  Chaplain.  This  had  a  brief  life,  for  May  8,  1871,  Berry  Post  was 
instituted  by  George  A.  Parker,  of  Lewiston,  with  twenty-eight  members.  E. 
M.  Shaw  was  commander;  W.  PI.  Atwood,  adjutant;  E.  B.  Warren,  quarter- 
master. The  post  was  named  in  honor  of  General  Hiram  G.  Berry,  of  Rock- 
land. These  members  served  in  organizations  outside  of  Maine:  W.  H.  Miles, 
2  Mass.;  Frank  E.  Grinniger,  47  Mass.;  Edward  Marr,  Engineer  Corps;  James 
Ives,  56  Mass.;  N.  J.  Shaw,  72  N.  Y.;  S.  Stone,  1  Ver.;  Jesse  Coffin,  J.  A. 
Rogers,  U.  S.  N. ;  H.  P.  Thompson,  hospital  steward.  Meetings  are  held  in 
Farwell  Hall,  semi-monthly. 

Knox  Post,  No.  1'20,  G-.  A.  R.,  Lewiston,  was  organized  May  5,  1890,  at 
Clan  Campbell  Hall,  Lewiston,  by  the  officers  of  the  Department  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  jNIaine.  The  officers  jtresent  were :  John  I).  Anderson,  Department 
Commander;  M.  C.  Wadsworth,  Senior  Vice  Commander;  John  D.  Williams, 
Junior  Vice  Commander;  B.  F.  Beals,  Assistant  Quartermaster;  E.  C.  Mil- 
liken,  Assistant  Adjutant-General;  J.  W.  Oilman,  Chief  Mustering  Officer. 
The  following  were  elected  officers :  Danville  B.  Stevens,  Commander ;  R.  R. 
Ricker,  Senior  Vice  Commander;  F.  C.  Tarr,  Junior  Vice  Commander; 
William  Baird,  Adjutant;  M.  A.  Murphy,  Quartermaster;  E.  C.  Douglas, 
Chaplain;  C.  H.  Allen,  Officer  of  the  Day;  A.  B.  Holland,  Officer  of  the 
Guard ;  C.  H.  Weymouth,  Sergeant-Major ;  I.  W.  Hodgdon,  Quartermaster 
Sergeant.  The  charter  membei'S  were:  Danville  B.  Stevens,  R.  R.  Ricker,  F. 
C.  Tarr,  William  Baird  (12  Mass.),  M.  A.  Murphy,  E.  C.  Douglas,  C.  H.  Allen, 


180  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


A.  B.  Holland,  C.  H.  Weymouth,  I.  W.  Hodgdon,  C.  H.  Jumper,  D.  B.  Cressey, 
L.  D.  Parker,  John  A.  Hodgden,  G.  G.  Wagg,  Henry  J.  Penney,  L.  G.  Dingley, 
Horace  V.  Whitcomb,  P.  R.  Nevens,  Levi  Webber,  J.  M.  Sherman,  E.  E.  Hall, 
I.  S.  Faunce,  R.  D.  Damren,  George  B.  Haskell,  George  W.  Hartwell,  William 
N.  Higgins,  F.  E.  Bisbee,  William  Barnes,  L.  C.  Robbins,  Joseph  A.  Johnson, 
David  Nash,  Byron  D.  Babcock,  A.  S.  Donnell. 

The  post  retired  to  Lyceum  Hall,  where  the  officers  were  publicly  installed. 
After  the  installation  the  ladies  of  Knox  Relief  Corps  held  an  informal  recep- 
tion, during  which  they  presented  to  the  post  a  check  for  -flOO,  the  president, 
Miss  Nellie  G.  Ham,  making  the  presentation.  The  year  has  been  a  prosperous 
one.  The  membership  is  forty-six.  The  officers  for  the  year  are :  R.  R. 
Ricker,  Commander;  F.  C.  Tarr,  Senior  Vice  Commander;  A.  B.  Holland, 
Junior  Vice  Commander;  William  Baird,  Adjutant;  M.  A.  Murphy,  Quarter- 
master; George  B.  Haskell,  Chaplain;  Levi  Webber,  Officer  of  the  Day;  H. 
V.  Whitcomb,  Officer  of  the  Guard;  C.  H.  Allen,  Sergeant  Major;  J.  W. 
Hodgdon,  Quartermaster's  Sergeant. 

Kimhnll  Fosf,  No.  38,  Gr.  A.  B.,  Livermore  Falls,  was  organized  May  9, 
1881,  with  these  charter  members:  Commander,  Augustus  D.  Brown;  S.  V. 
C,  David  F.  Blunt;  J,  V.  C,  Josiah  Mitchell;  Surgeon,  Almado  R.Smith; 
Chaplain,  George  Tarr;  O.  D.,  John  F.  Lamb;  O.  G,,  James  Ridley;  Q.  M., 
Adelbert  Alden;  Adjutant,  Edgar  M.  Eustis;  S.  M.,  Rufus  M.  Dinsraore;  Q. 
M.  S.,  Granville  Richmond,  James  Elliott,  Lyman  Harmon.  The  present 
membership  (April,  1891,)  is  sixty-two,  of  whom  these  served  in  organizations 
out  of  the  state:  Charles  R.  Loring,  U.  S.  N. ;  Loring  P.  Gould,  K,  3  Mass.; 
John  Girard,  H,  2  R.  L;  A.  B.  Holmes,  20  Mass.;  J.  F.  Jefferds,  1  Mass.  H.  A. 
Of  the  charter  members,  Josiah  Mitchell  died  April  18,  1889,  and  Edgar  M. 
Eustis  in  December  of  the  same  year.  The  officers  for  1891  are:  Commander, 
A.  D.  Brown;  S.  V.  C,  A.  Alden;  J.  V.  C,  Charles  Burgess;  Surgeon,  C.  W. 
Brown  ;  Chaplain,  J.  L.  Morse;  Q.  M.,  T.  Stone;  O.  D.,  J.  Ridley;  O.  G.,  C. 
N.  Kincaid;  Adjutant,  George  Tarr;  S.  M.,  C.  R.  Loring;  Q.  M.  S.,  James 
Elliott.  The  past  commanders  are:  A.  D.  Brown,  C.  R.  Loring,  John  F. 
Lamb,  Josiah  Mitchell,  J.  F.  Jefferds,  C.  W.  Brown,  George  Tarr.  The  adju- 
tants have  been:  E.  M.  Eustis,  C.  R.  Loring,  A.  B.  Holmes,  George  Tarr.  The 
post  holds  its  meetings  in  G.  A.  R.  Hall,  on  Depot  street.  It  decorates  graves 
in  Livermore,  East  Tjivermore,  Jay,  and  other  places  Kimball  Relief  Corps, 
No.  31,  was  organized  in  December,  1885,  with  thirty-four  members.  Mrs  J.  F. 
Lamb  was  president;  Mrs  May  Allen,  vice-president. 

Sons  of  Veterans,  U.  S.  A.  —  This  patriotic  order,  founded  in  1881, 
admits  to  membership  the  sons,  not  less  than  eighteen  years  of  age,  of  deceased 
or  honorably  discharged  soldiers,  sailors,  or  marines,  who  served  in  the  Union 
army  or  navy  during  the  Civil  War  of  1861-65,  and  the  sons  of  members  of 
the  order,  not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  age.     No  one  is  eligible  who  has 


Military  Affairs.  181 


ever  been  convicted  of  an  infamous  crime,  or  who  has,  or  whose  father  has, 
ever  borne  arms  against  the  government  of  the  United  States.  Its  objects  are 
"to  keep  green  the  memories  of  our  fathers  and  their  sacrifices  to  maintain  the 
Union,  and  to  promote  their  interests  and  welfare  as  opportunity  may  offer  or 
necessity  may  demand;  to  aid  and  assist  in  caring  for  their  helpless  and 
disabled  veterans  ;  to  extend  aid  and  protection  to  their  widows  and  orphans  ; 
to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  their  heroic  dead,  and  the  proper  observance  of 
Memorial  Day ;  to  aid  and  assist  worthy  and  needy  members  of  our  order ;  to 
inculcate  patriotism  and  love  of  country,  not  only  amongst  our  membership, 
but  among  all  the  people  of  our  land,  and  to  spread  and  sustain  the  doctrine  of 
equal  rights,  universal  liberty,  and  justice  to  all."  The  announced  principles 
are  a  firm  belief  and  trust  in  Almighty  God,  and  a  recognition  of  His  beneficent 
guidance  in  the  preservation  of  the  life  and  integrity  of  the  nation.  True 
allegiance  to  the  government  of  the  United  States  of  America,  a  respect  for 
and  fidelity  to  its  constitution,  laws,  and  opposition  to  any  sj^stem  or  power 
that  in  any  manner  tends  to  impair  the  efficiency  and  permanency  of  our 
National  Union. 

In  1882  General  I.  S.  Bangs,  of  Waterville,  who  had  been  commissioned  to 
inaugurate  the  order  in  Maine,  organized  James  A.  Garfield  Camp,  No.  1,  in 
Waterville.  This  was  an  experimental  camp,  composed  of  lads  under  fourteen 
years,  and,  after  successfully  exemplifying  the  workings  of  the  ritual,  it  ceased 
to  exist.  The  first  camp  in  Maine  organized  under  the  constitution,  rules,  and 
regulations  of  the  order  was 

Almon  C\  Pray  Camp^  No.  2.  —  This  was  established  by  Provisional 
Colonel  Frank  P.  Merrill,  at  Auburn,  January  16,  1883,  and  fourteen  charter 
members  were  mustered  in.  These  were  Frank  P.  Merrill,  Fred  H.  Storah, 
Herbert  A.  Goss,  John  C  Blake,  Leonard  A.  Pray,  Melville  E.  Goss,  A.  A. 
Mower,  Arthur  C.  Wyman,  George  D.  Emerson,  Henry  Harvey,  Samuel  H. 
Dill,  Wallace  P.  Dill,  Robert  E.  Casey,  Henry  G.  Casey. 

The  first  officers  were  H.  A.  Goss,  captain ;  A.  C.  Wyman,  M.  E.  Goss, 
lieutenants;  John  C.  Blake,  first  sergeant;  S.  H.  Dill,  quartermaster  sergeant. 
The  camp  has  now  sixty-six  members.  The  meetings  are  weekly,  on  Tuesday 
evenings,  and  have  been  held  in  the  G.  A.  R.  Hall  from  organization  except  in 
1886-7-8,  when  they  were  held  in  Union  and  Glover's  Band  halls.  The 
captains  have  been  H.  A.  Goss,  A.  C.  Wyman,  S.  H.  Dill,  G.  D.  Emerson,  F. 
W.  Davis,  C.  E.  Merrill,  C.  L.  Wright,  D.  M.  Chamberlain,  F.  L.  Beals,  O.  H. 
Bradbury.  Those  members  entitled  to  vote  in  the  Division  Encampment  are 
the  past  captains,  F.  L.  Donnell,  G.  A.  Field,  F.  P.  Merrill  (past  commander- 
in-chief),  John  C.  Blake  (past  colonel  of  division),  W.  A.  Ripley  (inspector  of 
division).  F.  W.  Davis  has  been  division  quartermaster,  F.  L.  Beals  member 
of  division  council,  C.  E.  Merrill  aid-de-camp  on  staff  of  commander-in-chief. 
F.  L.  Dearborn  was  delegate  to  the  last  National  Encampment  held  in  Auburn 


182  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

in  June,  1891.  The  officers  installed  in  January  were  O.  H.  Bradbury, 
captain;  C.  A.  Campbell,  first  lieutenant;  J.  H.  Folsoni,  second  lieutenant; 
George  W.  Wing,  chaplain ;  J.  Sherman  Douglass,  first  sergeant ;  F.  W. 
Haskell,  quartermaster;  H.  C.  Mitchell,  color  sergeant;  E.  H.  Bickerton, 
sergeant  of  guard ;  Warren  M.  Spearin,  camp  guard ;  George  E.  Sleeper, 
picket-guard;  Charles  E.  Merrill,  D.  M.  Chamberlain,  Frank  L.  Beals,  camp 
council.  The  first  permanent  division  of  Sons  of  Veterans,  U.  S.  A. — 
Division  of  Maine  — was  organized  at  Auburn,  April  10,  1888,  in  connection 
with  Almon  C.  Pi-ay  Camp,  and  Frank  P.  Merrill  elected  colonel. 

Ouster  Camp,  S.  of  T",  U.  S.  A.,  Lewlston,  was  instituted  March  16,  1883, 
and  had  twenty-four  charter  members:  G.  W.  Martin,  Ranee  H.  Babb,  Pearl 
Babb,  George  E.  Faunce,  I.  S.  Blake,  Fred  Edgecomb,  I.  L.  Quinby,  Harry  H. 
Miller,  Fred  Merryfield,  George  B.  Estes,  Henry  R.  Ham,  H.  Arthur  Goodwin, 
Burton  S.  Stubbs,  Charles  F.  Nealey,  Charles  F.  Stanley,  Willard  Hayford,  E.  H. 
Jackson,  H.  L.  Wright,  Charles  F.  Hayford,  Edwin  E.  Rowe,  Fred  W.  Goodwin, 
Charles  M.  Penney,  C.  S.  Jackson,  A.  Holland.  The  first  commissioned  officers 
were:  Lyman  H.  Wright,  captain;  George  E.  Faunce,  first  lieutenant;  H.  H. 
Miller,  second  lieutenant;  Charles  F.  Hayford,  chaplain;  George  W.  Martin, 
surgeon.  For  the  first  years  the  camp  had  great  prosperity.  It  has  had  ninety- 
one  names  on  its  roll  of  members,  and  has  been  especially  active  in  charitable 
work.  It  has  cordially  and  ably  supported  the  Grand  Army  in  its  weighty 
duties,  and  has  been  numbered  among  the  first-class  camps  in  Maine.  The 
captains  have  been  Lyman  H.  Wright,  Harry  H.  Miller,  George  A.  Field,  E.  H. 
Jackson,  George  E.  Faunce,  Beaumont  Stevens,  Charles  F.  Hayford,  Charles  L. 
Witham,  Willard  Hayford,  A.  F.  Nutting,  Frank  A.  Lapham,  Edward  M.  Small. 

Kimball  Camp-,  S.  of  F".,  No.  11,  Livermore  Falh,  was  organized  February 
23,  1888,  with  sixteen  charter  members :  Charles  L.  Day,  captain  ;  Charles 
Elliott,  G.  A.  Thompson,  D.  W.  Mitchell,  E.  E.  Kincaid,  E.  Y.  Kincaid,  C.  N. 
Kincaid,  H.  S.  Kincaid,  George  Tarr,  George  A.  Parker,  J.  L,  Goodwin,  J.  H. 
Royal,  C.  W.  Brown,  Jr,  Charles  A.  Gould,  Warren  Hyde,  W.  B.  Gould,  Leon 
Blunt,  Herbert  Newman.  The  first  officers  were  C.  L.  Day,  captain;  C.  N. 
Kincaid,  J.  G.  Loring,  lieutenants;  S.  C.  Elliott,  S.  G. ;  C.  W.  Brown,  first 
sergeant ;  George  Tarr,  chaplain  ;  H.  Newman,  sergeant-major  ;  I.  L.  Goodwin, 
color  sergeant;  C.  A.  Gould,  corporal  of  guard;  W.  B.  Gould,  inside  guard;  J. 
H.  lioyal,  outside  guard.  There  were  thirty -four  members  April  1,  1891,  and 
these  officers:    C.  N.  Kincaid,  captain;   J.  C.  Hatch,  C.  W.  True,  lieutenants; 

E.  Ridley,  S.  G.;   W.  B.  Gould,  first  sergeant;  R.  N.  Holmes,  quartermaster; 

F.  H.  Farrington,  color  sergeant;  E.  Y.  Kincaid,  inside  guard;  E.  E.  Kincaid, 
outside  guard;  C.  L.  Day,  chaplain.     Meetings  are  held  in  G.  A.  R.  Hall. 

A.  J.  Pelter  Camp,  No.  60,  Mechanic  Falls,  was  organized  March  12,  1891, 
with  I).  S.  Smith,  captain;  A.  A.  Cobb  and  George  Sawyer,  lieutenants;  O. 
C.  Bridge,  C.  M.  Cobb,  H.  C.  Bucknam,  camp  counsel. 


IIATIIORX    HALL,    HATES    CDLLEGL. 


Bates  College.  183 


CHAPTER   XI. 

BATES   COLLEGE. 

By  Rev.  James  Albert  Howe,  D.D. 

Difficulties  in  Founding  a  College  in  New  England.  Ratson  d'etre:  Denominational 
Need  — Co-education  —  Indigent  Students  — Local  Support  —  General  Public.  The  Begin- 
ning OF  THE  College:  The  Maine  State  Seminary  — Organization  of  the  College  —  An 
Honored  Name  —  Other  Details  — The  Terms  of  Admission —First  Faculty  —  College  and 
Seminary  Separated  — The  Latin  School  —  Cobb  Divinity  School  — Faculty  —  Courses 
of  Study.  Growth  of  the  College  — Storm  and  Stress  — Relief— Benefactors  and  Benefac- 
tions—  The  Equipment  of  the  College  —  The  Gymnasium  — The  Libraries  — The  Cabinet  — 
Instructors  and  Instruction.  Characteristic  Features:  Co-education  —  Open  Socie- 
ties—  Needy  Students  Helped  —  Forensics  —  Prizes  —  Outside  Lectures  —  Morals  and 
Religion  —  Interest  of  the  Faculty  in  Students  — The  Alumni  — Alumni  Associations. 

BATES  COLLEGE  is  one  of  the  youngest  of  New  England  colleges,  and 
next  to  the  youngest  of  the  four  Maine  colleges.  It  was  started  in 
1863,  and  chartered  by  the  legislature  of  the  state  in  January  of 
the  next  year.  Viewed  in  respect  to  the  time  and  place  of  its  beginning, 
it  will  be  seen  that  its  projectors  undertook  a  work  of  no  little  difficulty. 

Difficulties  of  Founding  a  College  in  New  England.  —  The  terri- 
tory of  the  six  Eastern  states,  compared  with  that  of  some  single  states  in 
other  parts  of  our  country,  is  small.  Within  this  small  territory,  in  1863 
fourteen  colleges  existed:  two  in  Maine,  two  in  Vermont,  one  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, five  in  Massachusetts,  one  in  Rhode  Island,  three  in  Connecticut.  Into 
this  somewhat  exclusive  set  a  new  college  comes  as  an  intruder,  encroaching 
upon  vested  rights.  Hence  it  is  challenged  to  answer  how  it  can  expect 
to  stand  on  an  equality  with  institutions  of  age  and  repute,  or  perform  any 
service  for  society  not  already  taken  in  charge. 

However  well  endorsed,  the  young  college  enters  more  or  less  into  compe- 
tition with  the  older  colleges  for  patronage,  and  at  a  great  disadvantage. 
Strong  in  the  friendship  of  a  numerous  and  illustrious  alumni,  led  by  a  full, 
able,  and  liberally  paid  faculty,  rich  in  libraries,  cabinets,  and  other  means  of 
culture,  with  grounds  and  buildings,  class-rooms,  halls,  and  groves,  hallowed 
by  inspiring  associations,  endeared  to  church,  and  state,  and  the  whole 
commonwealth  of  letters,  these  old  colleges  have  resources  of  strength  and 
abundance  of  attractions  altogether  wanting  in  nascent  institutions,  where 
everything  is  new,  untried,  and  incomplete. 


184  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

On  the  other  hand  there  are  considerations  serving  in  a  measure  to  coun- 
teract these  powerful  competitive  influences.  All  the  attractions  of  college  halls 
do  not  stand  to  the  credit  of  age,  else  new  comers  would  be  entirely  shut  out. 
The  customs,  traditions,  methods,  and  spirit  dominating  an  institution  in  the 
name  of  the  past,  may  lack  adaptation  to  the  intellectual  and  moral  interests 
of  students  of  the  present  day.  Besides,  the  flush  and  freedom  and  energy 
of  youth  may  make  liberal  compensations  in  the  class-room  for  the  must  of 
antiquity  wanting  there. 

The  disadvantage  under  which  a  new  college  begins  may  also,  in  a 
measure,  be  offset,  if  it  is  to  be  devoted  to  a  special  line  of  instruction,  and 
if  it  is  planted  on  a  rich  foundation.  But  let  it  propose  to  be  of  the  same 
general  character  as  that  of  other  colleges;  let  it  start  in  poverty,  looking  for 
support  and  equipment  to  funds  to  be  gathered  here  and  there  by  personal 
solicitation,  and  largely  from  persons  of  small  means ;  let  it  aim  to  secure  on 
meager  salaries  a  full  and  able  faculty,  attempt  to  win  the  confidence  of 
tlie  public  in  an  institution  half  equipped,  and  attract  students  to  an  alma 
mater  without  children,  and  the  difficulties  it  would  have  to  surmount  would 
be  precisely  those  confronting  the  founders  of  Bates  College  as  they  began 
their  work.  By  their  uncommon  faith  and  courage,  however,  they  at  the 
outset  gave  hostages  to  the  friends  of  education  that,  in  spite  of  the  magnitude 
of  their  undertaking,  it  should  be  carried  to  success. 

They  saw  that  certain  educational  wants  in  New  England  were  not  met  by 
any  existing  college.  They  knew,  as  well,  that  in  some  special  directions  a 
need  existed  that  only  a  new  college  could  supply.  Believing  also  in  the 
leadings  of  Providence  in  the  matter,  they  started  the  institution,  and  stood 
ready  to  give  to  every  man  a  reason  for  calling  it  into  existence. 

Raison  d'etre.  I.  Denominational  Need.  —  The  primary  object  of  the 
projectors  of  the  college  was  to  provide  the  Free  Baptists  of  New  England 
with  an  institution  of  their  own  for  the  higher  education  of  their  children. 
When  the  enterprise  was  started,  this  denomination,  having  in  New  England 
r)00  churches,  30,000  church  members,  and  thrice  that  number  of  church 
attendants,  had  no  college  east  of  Hillsdale,  Michigan.  Several  small  acad- 
emies and  two  large  seminaries  of  a  higher  grade  constituted  their  educational 
equipment.  From  these  schools  classes  of  young  men  were  annually  sent  to 
colleges  controlled  by  other  denominations. 

Among  the  Free  Baptists  no  popular  demand  for  the  college  existed,  only 
a  great  need,  and  a  great  possibility.  Its  projectors  expected  to  meet  opposi- 
tion, but  knew  that  if  the  college  were  once  secured,  the  effect  of  denomina- 
tional ownership  would  be  to  awaken  interest  in  it,  to  make  the  churches 
centers  for  advertising  its  advantages,  and  to  set  the  ministers  at  work  to  find 
students  and  put  them  on  the  way  to  its  halls;  they  knew,  also,  that  many 
young  people,  who  would  otherwise  never  be  reached  by  a  call  to  enter  on  a 


Bates  College.  185 


thorough  course  of  study,  would  now  come  under  a  special  jiressure  to  fit  for 
college  and  begin  the  pursuit  of  learning.  Within  the  denomination,  therefore, 
it  was  plain  that  room  and  reason  enough  for  the  college  could  be  found.  But 
patronage  from  this  source  alone  would  be  comparatively  small.  The  college 
required  a  larger  constituency ;  and  another  large  class  remained  needing  if 
not  asking  for  its  aid. 

II.  Co-education.  —  Prior  to  1863  no  college  in  New  England  opened  its 
doors  to  her  sons  and  daughters  alike,  or  opened  them  to  her  daughters  at  all. 
Against  the  principle  of  co-education  old  customs,  traditions,  inherited  preju- 
dices were  stoutly  arrayed.  If  a  college  would  come  forward,  accepting  the 
hazard  of  the  experiment,  and  admit  young  women  to  its  classes  on  the  same 
terms  as  it  did  young  men,  it  doubtless  would  in  time  find  its  intelligent  and 
generous  action  appreciated,  and  have  the  honor  of  first  ministering  to  this 
peculiar  educational  need.  If  Bates  had  no  other  sufficient  reason  for  its 
existence,  it  certainly  had  one  here,  and  one  that  came  to  be  approved  by  the 
later  spread  of  the  principle  of  co-education. 

III.  Ind'Kjetit  jSfvdents. — Few  of  the  old  colleges  managed  their  affairs 
in  the  interest  of  a  class  of  students  compelled  by  their  own  exertions  to  pay 
their  way  through  the  course.  By  the  standards  of  the  poor  the  scale  of 
expenses  was  high  in  all  New  England  colleges,  and  to  many  a  youth  disheart- 
ening. However  willing  to  work,  the  sons  and  daughters  of  farmers  and 
mechanics  saw  no  reasonable  prospect  of  earning  enough  money  to  cover  the 
expense  of  four  years'  work  in  college,  after  meeting  the  expense  of  a  prepara- 
tion for  college. 

College  history  shows  that  expenses  tend  to  increase  with  the  age  and 
wealth  of  the  institution.  Funds  are,  therefore,  provided,  to  a  limited  extent, 
for  directly  assisting  poor  students.  But  however  delicately  given,  this  form 
of  charity  chafes  the  spirit  of  the  beneficiary.  American  youth  prize  their 
independence  and  demand  the  right  to  meet  their  companions  as  equals.  When 
Bates  was  projected  there  was  need  of  a  college  where,  without  loss  of  self- 
respect  or  social  standing,  poor  young  men  and  women  could  get  on,  pay  their 
bills,  and  reach  graduation  the  peei's  of  any  other  student,  if  only  peers  in 
brains  and  scljolarshij). 

IV.  Local  /Support.  —  The  location  of  Bates  promised  to  secure  it  the 
attendance  of  a  large  number  of  students  of  botli  sexes  from  the  homes  of 
Lewiston  and  Auburn.  Bates  was  to  stand  in  the  midst  of  more  than  thirty 
thousand  people.  To  the  young  people  of  its  neighborhood  a  college  is  an 
object-lesson  on  the  value  of  an  education.  The  sound  of  the  college  bell, 
the  sight  of  the  grounds  and  buildings  animate  with  student  life,  the  results 
of  college  training  shovi^n  in  public  declamations,  debates,  and  other  rhetorical 
and  literary  exhibitions,  together  with  the  inspiring  scenes  of  Class  Day  and 
Commencement  Day,  powerfully  appeal  to  the  youth  living  in  the  vicinity  of  a 


186  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


college  urging  them  not  to  be  left  behind  by  their  equals  in  age  in  the  pursuit 
of  the  best  things  of  life.  Bates  saw  a  great  opportunity  to  diffuse  intelli- 
gence and  culture  in  society  at  its  doors. 

V.  The  General  Pnhlic.  —  In  addition  to  serving  the  wants  of  the  special 
classes  named,  the  college  saw  a  good  chance  to  do  no  inconsiderable  work 
for  the  cause  of  higher  education,  irrespective  of  any  special  class.  By  main- 
taining a  decided  moral  and  Christian  character,  and  by  securing  a  reputation 
for  the  quality  of  its  instruction,  the  college  might  reasonably  expect  that 
parents  would  often  prefer  to  intrust  to  it  the  training  of  their  children. 

In  view  of  all  these  considerations,  it  was  evident  that  New  England  had 
left  a  large  place  vacant  in  her  educational  work  for  Bates  College  to  fill.  Its 
originators  could  reasonably  count  on  adequate  patronage,  increasing  from 
year  to  year,  if  they  went  forward  and  called  the  college  into  existence. 

The  Beginning  of  the  College. —  The  Maine  State  Seminary.  —  The 
college  was  developed  from  the  Maine  State  Seminary  and  succeeded  to  its 
lands  and  buildings.  Hence  it  is  necessary  to  give  some  account  of  the  latter 
institution.  The  seminary  was  chartered  by  the  state  in  1855,  and  was  given 
$15,000  on  condition  that  its  friends  would  raise  an  equal  sum.  Before  the 
seminary  was  begun,  or  its  location  fixed,  many  Maine  towns,  appreciating  the 
advantages  it  would  bring  to  the  place  securing  it,  made  strenuous  efforts  to 
obtain  it.  China,  South  China,  Hallowell,  West  Waterville,  Unity,  Vienna, 
Pittsfield,  and  Lewiston,  competed  in  offers  for  it.  The  people  of  Lewiston 
agreed  to  raise  $10,000  for  the  seminary  and  to  provide  it  a  site  worth  $5,000, 
and  won  the  prize.  Of  the  money  from  the  state,  $10,000  were  to  be  set  aside 
as  a  fund ;  the  remainder  could  be  used  for  any  purpose  needed.  The 
conditions  of  the  state  grant  having  been  met  by  the  payment  of  the  pledges 
made  by  the  citizens  of  Lewiston,  the  seminary  started  on  a  capital  of  $30,000. 
This  sum  was  soon  increased  by  many  private  donations. 

Two  buildings  were  constructed  on  a  well  chosen  site,  Parker  and  Hathorn 
halls.  The  former  is  a  brick  dormitory,  147  x  44  feet,  three  stories  high, 
divided  into  two  distinct  apartments,  with  dining  halls  in  the  basement.  This 
building  was  named  in  honor  of  Hon.  Thomas  Parker,  of  Farmington,  Me,  the 
largest  individual  contributor  towards  its  construction.  Tlie  latter  hall  is  a 
beautiful  brick  building,  86  x  50  feet,  containing  the  chapel,  recitation,  and 
society  rooms,  cabinet,  and  library.  It  was  so  called  to  commemorate  the 
liberality  of  Mr  and  Mrs  Seth  Hathorn,  of  Woolwich,  Me,  who  gave  $5,000 
towards  the  erection  of  the  building.  Another  dormitory  like  Parker  Hall, 
and  designed  to  balance  it  on  the  opposite  side  of  Hathorn  Hall,  was  included 
in  the  original  plan,  but  was  never  built. 

In  September,  1857,  the  seminary  began  the  work  of  instruction.  One 
hundred  and  thirty-seven  students  were  in  attendance,  eighty-three  gentlemen 
and  fifty-four  ladies.     The  corps  of  instructors  consisted  of  Rev.  O.  B.  Cheney, 


Bates  College.  187 


A.M.,  principal;  Miss  Rachel  Symonds,  preceptress;  George  H.  Ricker,  A.M., 
John  A.  Lowell,  A.M.,  Miss  Jane  W.  Hoy-t,  and  Miss  Mary  R.  Cushman. 
Three  courses  of  study  were  taught:  a  classical  course,  fitting  students  for 
college  ;  a  ladies'  course  that,  omitting  Greek,  went  beyond  the  classical  course 
in  Latin,  and  included  modern  languages,  mental  and  moral  philosophy,  and 
other  advanced  studies;  an  English  course,  designed  especially  to  meet  the 
wants  of  students  looking  to  a  business  life. 

The  seminary  took  high  rank  among  institutions  of  its  kind.  That  it 
placed  scholarly  ideals  before  its  students  appears  from  the  fact  that,  until  it 
was  transformed  into  a  college,  it  graduated  on  an  average,  each  year,  a  class 
of  twelve  fitted  to  enter  college.  During  these  six  years,  also,  forty-one  young 
ladies  took  the  full  course  of  study  in  their  department.  It  was  very  natural, 
therefore,  that  the  thoughtful  teachers  of  the  seminary  should  begin  to  question 
the  wisdom  of  Free  Baptists  in  maintaining  the  seminary  as  a  source  of  supply 
for  colleges  of  other  denominations. 

The  Originator  or  the  College.  —  As  the  seminary  largely  owed  its 
rise  to  its  principal,  so  even  more  did  the  college.  In  the  autumn  of  1854, 
while  Mr  Cheney  was  pastor  of  the  Free  Baptist  Church,  in  Augusta,  Me, 
Parsonsfielcl  Seminary,  at  that  time  the  only  Free  Baptist  school  in  the  state, 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  At  once  Mr  Cheney  conceived  the  idea  of  substituting 
for  it  a  higher  seminary,  in  a  more  central  location.  Taking  others  into  his 
counsels,  and  ably  seconded  at  every  step  and  sometimes  led  by  Rev.  Ebenezer 
Knowlton,  Mr  Cheney  brought  to  pass  most  of  the  measures,  and  largely 
secured  the  means  by  which  the  Maine  State  Seminary  was  founded,  and 
carried  to  its  good  degree  of  prosperity.  Meanwhile,  other  ideas  grew  upon 
him,  and  a  larger  plan  took  shape  in  his  mind.  He  saw  the  opportunity,  felt 
the  necessity,  and  pressed  the  subject  of  using  the  seminary  as  the  foundation 
of  a  college. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  trustees  of  the  seminary,  in  1862,  sixteen  of 
its  young  men  presented  a  petition  to  the  board  for  college  instruction  to  be 
provided  them  in  the  institution.  In  anticipation  of  the  inevitable  change  the 
right  of  the  seminar}^  thus  to  enlarge  its  scope  and  to  confer  degrees  had  been 
obtained  from  the  state,  on  conditions,  however,  as  yet  unmet.  Mr  Cheney 
now  requested  the  trustees  to  add  to  the  seminary  a  college  department.  The 
trustees  were  not  ready  to  adopt  so  bold  a  measure.  To  the  petitioners  they 
replied  that  the}^  dared  not  assure  them  that  their  request  would  be  granted, 
but  advised  them  to  consult  with  their  teachers  in  respect  to  enlarging  the 
course  of  study  in  the  seminary. 

The  trustees  hesitated,  with  good  reason.  They  questioned  their  ability  to 
secure  funds  sufficient  to  give  a  college  any  standing  or  worth.  For  the  year 
just  closed  the  regular  income  of  the  seminary  was  less  than  '16,000.  The 
chapel  in  Hathorn  Hall  was  not  finished.     The  seminary  had  but  two  build- 


188  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


ings.  rts  assets  over  liabilities,  exclusive  of  land  and  buildings,  were  only 
.^12,000.  Free  Baptist  educational  interests  centered  in  New  Hampton,  N.  H., 
divided  the  sympathies  of  the  churches,  and  prevented  a  concentration  of 
denominational  effort  at  I>ewiston.  Already  a  tripartite  agreement  between 
the  Theological  School,  New  Hampton  Institution,  and  Maine  State  Seminary 
aiming  to  become  a  college,  had  been  proposed,  and  was  under  advisement. 

Notwithstanding  these  objections,  at  the  next  annual  meeting,  in  July, 
1863,  the  trustees  unanimously  voted  "  That  the  seminary  be  hereafter  known 
and  called  by  the  name  of  liates  College,"  and  that  application  be  made  to  the 
next  legislature  for  a  college  charter  under  that  name. 

This  vote  meant  that,  during  the  year,  friends  of  education  in  and  out  of 
the  denomination  had  been  approached  upon  this  subject  and  that  there 
appeared  to  be  a  reasonable  prospect  of  success  in  the  attempt  to  found  a 
college.  Prior  to  the  annual  meeting  of  the  board  two  special  meetings  had 
been  held,  —  one  in  February,  at  Augusta,  to  take  action  on  certain  generous 
proposals  received  from  wealthy  gentlemen  of  Boston  who  were  interested  in 
the  business  enterprises  of  Lewiston.  Encouraged  by  this  unexpected  and 
liberal  promise  of  help  in  an  attempt  to  enlarge  the  institution,  the  trustees 
resolved  to  go  forward  in  that  direction.  At  a  second  special  meeting  of  the 
board,  in  May,  at  Lewiston,  it  was  voted  to  commence  a  college  course  in  the 
fall  and  to  put  an  agent  in  the  field  to  solicit  funds  for  the  great  undertaking. 

These  offers  of  aid  came  to  the  trustees  through  the  activity  of  Mr  Cheney. 
He  was  the  head  and  front  of  this  enterprise,  and  was  the  secret,  when  not 
manifest,  force  back  of  almost  every  movement  in  its  favor ;  and  it  was  chiefly 
due  to  his  faith  and  determination,  courage  and  persistency,  that  the  desired 
result  was  reached.  He  believed  in  Lewiston  as  a  favorable  place  for  such  an 
institution,  and  was  convinced  that  if  it  were  managed  in  the  interests  of  poor 
students  and  of  students  of  both  sexes,  patronage  would  flow  to  it.  He  knew, 
also,  that  his  denomination  would  gladly  second  an  attempt  to  plant  a  college 
of  its  own,  if  men  of  wealth  were  found  ready  to  aid  it  by  their  benefactions. 

An  Honored  Name.  —  Providentially,  at  this  time  several  such  men  had 
large  sums  of  money  invested  in  Lewiston,  who,  both  for  the  sake  of  the  city 
and  for  the  cause  of  education,  had  taken  a  generous  interest  in  the  seminary. 
Foremost  of  these  was  Mr  Benjamin  E.  Bates.  Possessed  of  great  wealth,  he 
had  cherished  the  thought  of  devoting  a  good  part  of  it  to  the  benefit  of 
mankind  through  an  institution  of  learning.  Taking  the  seminary  into  his 
favor,  he  encouraged  the  i)roject  of  clianging  its  character.  In  1863  he  offered 
to  give  the  trustees  .125,000  if  they  would  raise  $75,000  towards  making  it  a 
college.  The  next  year  he  made  them  the  munificent  offer  of  175,000  more,  on 
condition  that  they  would  raise  !|25,000.  These  conditions  having  been  met 
to  his  satisfaction,  Mr  Bates  paid  the  college  '1100,000,  and  became  its  honored 
founder. 


Bates  College.  189 


In  view  of  his  first  proposition,  the  trustees  voted  that  the  college  should 
bear  his  name,  an  honor  as  unexpected  by  Mr  Bates  as  it  was  deserved.  For  in 
this,  as  in  all  his  many  subsequent  favors  to  the  college,  Mr  IJates  was  governed 
by  philanthropic  and  Christian  motives.  He  understood  the  value  to  our 
country  of  Christian  colleges,  and  looked  upon  the  opportunity  of  aiding  a 
small  denomination  to  found  such  a  college  as  a  happy  way  of  executing  one 
of  his  benevolent  intentions.  It  may  be  questioned  if  he  could  have  found  for 
his  money  a  wider  field  of  usefulness.  To  his  distinguished  liberality  in 
thought  and  deed  the  college  owes  its  existence.  Without  his  benefactions 
the  labors  of  Mr  Cheney  would  have  been  unavailing. 

Other  Details.  —  In  1864  the  trustees  secured  from  the  legislature  of  the 
state  an  act  changing  the  name  of  Maine  State  Seminary  to  Bates  College, 
and  allowing  all  the  property  of  the  seminar}^  to  become  the  property  of  the 
college,  the  same  as  if  the  college  and  seminary  were  one.  In  addition  to  this, 
the  state  made  a  grant  of  land  to  the  college,  valued  at  $20,000.  This  grant 
was  accompanied  by  the  provision  that  the  state  should  control  ten  scholarships 
in  the  college,  giving  free  tuition  to  as  many  need}^  students,  the  children  of 
soldiers  falling  in  the  war  having  the  preference. 

The  course  of  study  adopted  was  made  very  similar  to  that  of  other  colleges 
in  New  England.  Invitations  to  enter  the  freshman  class  were  sent  out.  The 
terms  of  admission  were  not  made  low  for  the  sake  of  attracting  students.  It 
was  determined  by  the  government  that  the  college  should  be  of  the  same 
grade  as  that  of  other  New  England  colleges. 

It  is  interesting  to  notice  what  were  the  standard  requirements  for 
admission  to  New  England  colleges  in  1863. 

The  Terms  of  Admission.  —  Latin  —  Virgil's  ^Eneid,  nine  books;  Virgil's 
Bucolics  and  first  two  (Tcorgics;  Hanson's  Cicero,  Sallust  and  Csesar;  Arnold's 
Prose  Composition,  twenty -four  exercises;  Andrew's  &  Stoddard's  Latin  Gram- 
mar. Greek  —  Xenophon's  Anabasis,  five  books;  Homer's  Iliad,  first  book; 
Greek  Grammar.  Mathematics  —  Arithmetic,  Robinson's;  Algebra,  first  six 
sections,  Smyth.  JSne/Iish  —  Ancient  and  Modern  History;  Ancient  and 
Modern  Geography ;    English  Grammar. 

Sixteen  joined  the  first  freshman  class,  of  whom  eight  continued  through 
the  course.  At  the  end  of  the  first  four  years  the  classes  stood:  seniors,  8; 
juniors,  7 ;  sophomores,  9 ;  freshmen,  24  ;  whole  number,  48. 

The  first  catalogue  of  the  college  gave  the  faculty  as  follows:  Rev.  Oren 
B.  Cheney,  A.M.,  President;  Levi  W.  Stanton,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Greek 
Language  and  Literature ;  Selden  F.  Neal,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  ; 
Jonathan  Y.  Stanton,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Latin  Language  and  Literature; 
Horace  R.  Cheney,  A.B.,  Tutor  in  Latin  and  Mathematics. 

In  1865  Professor  Neal  resigned  to  enter  upon  the  practice  of  medicine,  and 
Tutor  Cheney  also  resigned  that  he  might  begin  the  study  of  law.     The  next 


190  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


year  Professor  L.  W.  Stanton  accepted  the  principalship  of  an  institution  in 
IJyfield,  Mass.  The  places  thus  vacated  were  filled  by  temporary  instructors, 
and  by  the  permanent  professors  of  whom  mention  is  made  in  another  place. 

College  and  Seminary  SErARATED.  —  When  the  college  opened  the 
seminary  remained  as  a  department  of  the. college,  sharing  with  it  Parker  and 
Hathorn  Halls,  the  grounds,  library,  and  apparatus.  As  the  college  classes 
o-rew,  the  mistake  of  associating,  in  this  way,  students  of  all  grades  of  advance- 
ment began  to  be  recognized,  and  a  complete  separation  of  the  college  and 
seminary  was  declared  to  be  necessary.  Hence,  in  1867,  a  site  then  near  but 
now  within  the  college  campus  was  selected,  and  a  commodious  brick  building, 
100x43  feet,  three  stories  high,  was  constructed,  at  a  cost  of  |>30,000,  and 
named  Nichols  Hall  in  honor  of  Mr  Lyman  Nichols  of  Boston.  Here,  the 
next  year,  the  seminary  took  up  its  abode,  under  the  control  of  its  own  faculty 
and  board  of  trustees.  By  a  new  seminary  charter  the  college  was  required 
to  pay  the  seminary  not  less  than  forty,  nor  more  than  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

The  Latin  School.  —  Three  years  prior  to  this  separation,  the  college 
preparatory  class  in  the  seminary  had  been  formed  into  a  distinct  body  of 
students,  called  the  Latin  School,  having  for  its  special  work,  by  a  three  years' 
course  of  study,  to  fit  students  for  college.  Without  involving  any  immediate 
change  in  the  character  of  the  seminary,  this  action  had  the  effect  to  bring 
into  special  prominence  this  department,  and  to  make  it  attractive  to  the 
ambitious  student.  The  influence  of  the  college  upon  the  seminary  was 
generally  recognized  to  be  in  favor  of  the  Latin  School  as  of  the  first  import- 
ance. This  department  soon  became  the  heart  of  the  institution.  Ere  long 
the  idea  of  discontinuing  the  seminary  in  the  interests  of  the  Latin  School  was 
broached.  Hence  it  came  about  that,  the  next  year  after  the  seminary  took 
possession  of  Nichols  Hall,  the  Ladies'  De[)artment  was  discontinued,  and, 
together  with  -$5,000,  was  presented  to  the  Maine  Central  Institute,  a  new 
Free  Baptist  school  in  Pittsfield,  Maine.  The  Latin  School  was  retained  and 
this,  with  the  remaining  property  of  the  seminary,  was  given  over  to  the 
college.     Then  the  charter  of  the  seminary  was  surrendered. 

The  endeavor  to  carry  on  a  seminary  in  connection  with  the  college,  after 
the  manner  of  not  a  few  successful  institutions  in  the  West,  proved  unsatis- 
factory, and  was  at  length  abandoned.  The  various  changes  through  which 
the  institution  passed  before  its  final  state  was  evolved  were  not  made  without 
some  opposition.  Ardent  friends  of  the  seminary,  in  the  name  of  which  the 
enterprise  was  started,  were  not  all  ardent  for  the  college,  and  some  of  them 
viewed  its  absorption  of  the  property  of  the  seminary,  and  its  willingness  to 
have  the  seminary  given  up,  as  wanting  in  good  faith.  Time,  however, 
vindicated  the  wisdom  of  the  trustees,  and  changed  this  feeling  into  one  of 
cordial  acc^uiescence  in  all  the  measures  adopted,  and  of  approval  of  the  results 
effected. 


COULi    DIVINITV    SCHOOL,    DAIKS    CoLLKOK. 


Bates  College.  191 


The  college  was  now  in  a  fair  way  of  enlargement  and  prosperity.  Its 
friends  multiplied  rapidly  and  generously  remembered  it.  It  steadily  increased 
in  patronage,  the  catalogue  of  18(i6-<>7  showing,  in  the  first  four  classes, 
forty-eight  students;    that  of  1869-70  showing  seventy -seven. 

The  Cobb  Divinity  School.  —  The  Maine  State  Seminary  was  discon- 
tinued at  the  close  of  the  summer  term,  in  1870.  The  next  autumn,  the 
college  government  opened,  in  the  vacated  Nichols  Hall,  a  theological  depart- 
ment. The  first  charter  of  the  college  allowed  it  to  give  instruction  in  law, 
medicine,  and  theology,  but  expressly  prohibited  it  from  opening  a  distinct 
school  in  either  of  those  branches.  Obtaining  a  new  charter  with  this  restrictive 
clause  left  out,  the  young  college,  notwithstanding  all  that  was  upon  its  hands, 
assumed  the  further  responsibility  of  opening  a  theological  department. 

To  understand  the  causes  of  this  act,  reference  to  some  denominational 
matters  of  that  day  must  be  made.  In  1870,  the  Free  Baptist  Education 
Society  was  supporting  a  theological  school  of  its  own,  in  th«  beautiful  village 
of  New  Hampton,  N.  H.  For  several  years  an  effort  had  been  going  on  to 
give  the  school  a  more  complete  equipment,  but  it  had  met  with  a  limited 
success.  A  better  location,  a  suitable  building,  more  men  in  the  faculty,  and 
additions  to  the  library  were  imperatively  demanded.  The  opening  of  the 
college,  necessitating  a  thorough  canvass  of  the  churches  for  funds,  seriously 
interfered  with  the  endeavor  to  find  means  for  improving  the  condition  of  the 
theological  school.  The  trustees  of  the  college  had,  from  the  first,  sought  the 
approval  of  the  Education  Society  upon  their  great  undertaking,  and  were  now 
in  communication  with  its  officers  to  prevent  collision  of  methods  or  measures. 

Negotiations  for  the  removal  of  the  school  to  Lewiston  were  at  last  begun, 
and  were  carried  almost  to  completion.  The  society  agreed  to  remove  the 
school  and  pay  the  income  of  its  funds,  'M2,000,  towards  its  support,  on  con- 
dition that  the  college  should  provide  a  building  for  its  exclusive  use,  and  add 
two  men  to  the  faculty;  the  men  to  be  nominated  by  the  society  and  elected 
by  the  trustees  of  the  college.  It  was  further  stipulated  that  two-thirds  of  the 
college  corporation  should  consist  of  persons  connected  with  the  Free  Baptist 
denomination.  To  these  terms  the  college  authorities,  at  the  annual  meeting 
in  1870,  voted  to  accede,  and  then  adjourned  for  one  month  to  give  the  society 
time  to  select  men  for  the  additional  professorships. 

Meanwhile  the  project  was  critically  examined  by  leading  men  in  the 
denomination.  Complaints  were  made  against  it  on  the  ground  of  its  giving 
undue  control  of  the  school  to  the  college.  Hence,  when  the  corporation 
reassembled  in  July,  President  Cheney  represented  to  it  that  the  measures 
agreed  upon  as  a  basis  of  co-operation  with  the  Education  Society  were  not 
satisfactory  to  many,  and  were  likely  to  create  a  prejudice  against  the  college 
among  some  of  its  proper  friends  and  patrons.  On  his  recommendation  the 
trustees  reconsidered  their  action,  voted  to  start  a  theological  school  of  their 


192  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


own,  and  to  ask  the  Education  Society  to  surrender  its  school  and  appropriate 
the  income  of  its  funds  in  aid  of  needy  students  studying  for  the  ministry,  but 
to  give  the  use  of  its  library  to  the  new  institution.  The  college  agreed  to 
open  its  school  in  the  autumn,  with  three  men  in  the  faculty,  and  to  add  a 
fourth  man  within  three  years.  Rev.  John  Fullonton,  D.D.,'and  Rev.  John  J. 
Butler,  D.D.,  professors  in  the  former  school,  were  elected  to  chairs  in  the 
new.  To  these  was  added,  temporarily.  Professor  Hayes  of  the  college  faculty, 
who  was  to  teach  in  both  departments.  Readily  accepting  this  surprisingly 
liberal  offer,  the  Education  Society  took  the  step  asked  of  it,  and  left  the  way 
clear  for  the  college  to  initiate  its  new  enterprise. 

The  school  opened  in  Nichols  Hall,  at  the  beginning  of  the  fall  term  of  the 
college,  with  fourteen  students  present.  Professor  Fullonton  taught  Hebrew 
and  Ecclesiastical  History;  Professor  Butler,  Theology  and  Homiletics;  Pro- 
fessor Hayes,  English  and  Greek  Exegesis.  Rev.  James  A.  Howe,  A.M.,  was 
added  to  the  faculty,  in  1872,  as  Professor  of  Theology,  and  Thomas  Hill 
Rich,  A.M.,  as  Professor  in  Hebrew.  The  next  year.  Professor  Butler  accepted 
a  call  to  a  professorship  in  the  theological  department  of  Hillsdale  College. 
In  1890,  Rev.  Alfred  W.  Anthony,  A.M.,  took  the  chair  of  New  Testament 
Exegesis  and  Criticism.  Since  the  school  has  been  in  operation,  the  annual 
average  attendance  has  been  twenty-one,  and  thirty-eight  per  cent,  of  the 
students  have  been  college  graduates. 

In  1887,  the  name  was  changed  to  Cobb  Divinity  School,  in  recognition  of 
the  catholic  spirit  and  generous  act  of  Hon.  J.  L.  H.  Cobb,  of  Lewiston,  in 
giving  to  the  institution  -^25,000.  Probably  this  is  the  only  instance  in  our 
country  of  a  divinity  school  of  one  denomination  named  in  honor  of  a  member 
of  another  denomination.  This  donation,  joined  with  others  specially  con- 
tributed for  the  divinity  school,  has  secured  to  it  a  foundation  of  its  own 
nearly  sufficient  for  its  entire  support.  The  interests  of  the  Free  Baptist 
churches  in  New  England  were  appreciably  promoted  by  uniting  their  divinity 
school  with  their  college;  and  the  college,  in  turn,  has  been  benefited  even 
more,  both  because  its  right  to  appeal  to  the  churches  has  thus  been  reinforced, 
and  because  through  the  divinity  school  the  college  became  more  widely 
advertised,  and  more  distinctly  a  center  of  denominational  attraction. 

Growth  of  the  College.  —  The  decade  from  1870  to  1880  was  one  of 
steady  growth  in  patronage.  The  catalogue  of  1879-80  shows  a  total  of 
students,  in  the  academical  department,  of  one  hundred  and  forty-one,  or 
nearly  double  the  number  ten  years  before.  During  this  time,  also,  four  men 
were  added  to  the  college  faculty:  In  1872,  Mr  George  C.  Chase,  A.M.,  as 
Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  English  Literature ;  in  1873,  Rev.  I'riah  Balkam, 
D.D.,  as  Professor  of  Logic  and  Christian  Evidences;'  in  1875,  Mr  Oliver  C. 

1  At  the  time  of  liis  election  Trofessor  Balkam  was  a  retired  clergyman,  who  had  at  an  earlier  date 
been  pastor  of  the  large  Congregational  church  in  Lewiston.    In  view  of  his  scholarly  attainments, 


Bates  College.  193 


Wendell,  A.M.,  as  Professor  of  Astronomy;^  in  1876,  Mr  John  H.  Rand, 
A.M.,  as  Professor  of  Mathematics.  The  library  and  apparatus  were  steadily 
increased,  receiving  annual  appropriations  from  the  college  treasury,  -tSOO  being 
the  standard  sum  of  expenditure  for  them.  The  cabinet  collections  were  also, 
to  some  degree,  enriched,  both  by  occasional  purchases,  and  by  valuable  gifts 
from  friends. 

The  external  appearance  of  the  college  was  not  forgotten.  A  lot  of  land 
sej^arating  the  site  of  the  divinity  school  from  that  of  the  college  was  pur- 
chased, at  a  cost  of  #13,838,  and  added  to  the  campus.  The  gymnasium  was 
built  and  partly  equipped,  at  a  cost  of  -#4,000 ;  a  building  for  the  Latin  School 
was  constructed  at  a  cost  of  l|7,000;  and  a  house  for  the  president  bought  for 
115,000. 

This  increase  of  land  and  buildings,  of  facilities,  students,  and  professors, 
were  signs  to  the  public  of  a  healthful  development  of  the  college  and  of  an 
intelligent  adjustment  of  its  affairs  to  secure  its  present  and  future  interests. 
But  during  this  period  there  was  written  an  altogether  different  cliapter  of 
history.  In  spite  of  these  appearances  of  prosperity,  for  a  period  of  fifteen 
years,  beginning  in  1870,  the  college  was  battling  against  a  financial  storm  of 
increasing  severity,  threatening  the  destruction  of  the  institution. 

Storm  and  Stress.  —  The  first  necessity  of  a  college  is  income.  Inexo- 
rable are  the  demands  for  it.  Buildings,  students,  professors,  are  of  no  avail 
without  it.  The  college  must  have  money,  and  that  in  a  liberal  measure. 
Starting  on  an  inadequate  foundation.  Bates,  at  once,  had  to  begin  a  struggle 
for  existence.  With  its  expenditures  brought  down  to  the  lowest  figure,  they 
would,  year  by  year,  stubbornly  overrun  the  receipts.  The  gifts  of  friends, 
though  generous,  could  only  supplement  other  sources  of  income.  The  tuition, 
according  to  the  settled  policy  of  the  college  to  assist  poor  students,  was  kept 
at  $36  a  year,  the  lowest  tuition  charged  by  an}'  college  in  New  England;  and 
this,  too,  in  many  cases  of  need,  was  freely  given  to  the  student.  The  room- 
rent  receipts  from  Parker  Hall,  the  only  dormitory,  did  not  pay  four  per  cent, 
on  its  cost.  The  main  source  of  revenue,  the  endowment  fund,  in  1869,  the 
year  before  the  divinity  school  was  opened,  when  swelled  by  room  rent,  tuition, 
and  all  gifts  for  current  expenses,  allowed  the  expenditures  to  exceed  the 
receipts   by    the  sum  of   #2,567.     When    the  trustees  dared  to  add    to  their 

Professor  Stanton  conceived  the  idea  of  connecting  him  with  the  college,  and  solicited  money  in 
Lewiston,  principally  from  the  members  of  Dr  Balkam's  former  parish,  towards  endowing  the  chair 
of  Logic  and  Christian  Evidences,  for  his  occupancy.  This  effort  was  so  far  successful  that  in  the 
autumn  of  1873,  Dr  Balkam  began  his  work  as  an  instructor,  taking  for  that  year  the  classes  of 
Professor  Hayes,  who  was  studying  abroad.  On  the  fourth  of  March,  in  the  next  spring,  while  riding 
to  the  college  to  meet  his  class,  Pi'ofessor  Balkam  was  thrown  from  his  horse  and  instantly  killed.  His 
death  brought  upon  the  college  the  loss  of  a  teacher  of  superior  ability  and  scholarship,  who  was 
adding  greatly  to  its  attractiveness  and  worth. 

'-Professor  Wendell,  on  account  of  ill  health,  was  compelled  to  retire  at  the  end  of  the  year. 


194  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


already  heavy  responsibilities  the  support  of  a  theological  school,  they  saw  a 
reasonable  prospect  of  an  immediate  increase  of  the  resources  of  the  college. 
Instead  of  any  increase,  however,  the  year  of  opening  the  divinity  school  was 
signalized  by  the  failure  of  two  of  the  generous  patrons  of  the  college,  involv- 
ino-  a  loss  to  it  of  125,000.  The  support  of  the  theological  faculty  together 
with  that  of  the  increased  college  faculty,  added  to  the  outlay  for  improve- 
ments before  noticed,  soon  carried  the  aggregate  excess  of  expenditures  over 
income  to  an  alarming  extent.  In  1876  the  floating  debt  amounted  to  -181,292. 
The  next  year  it  was  '|!5,000  more,  with  the  invested  funds  of  the  college 
reduced  to  nearly  !|120,000.  The  outlook  of  the  institution  grew  more  and 
more  menacing,  except  as  relieved  in  a  measure  by  promises  of  aid. 

By  another  characteristically  generous  act,  Mr  Bates  early  came  to  the 
assistance  of  the  struggling  institution.  February  21,  1873,  President  Cheney 
received  word  from  him  that  if  within  live  years  the  college  would  raise 
'tlOO,000,  he  would  give  it  an  equal  sum.  At  the  same  time  the  college  was 
encouraged  to  expect  that  half  the  amount  required  of  it  would  come  from 
another  generous  source.  Hence,  with  -150,000  to  raise,  the  college  went 
zealously  to  work.  Its  needs  were  too  pressing  to  admit  of  delaj^  The  Free 
Baptist  Education  Society  subscribed  125,000.  In  a  little  more  than  a  year, 
by  strenuous  solicitations,  the  subscription  called  for  by  the  college  was 
declared  complete. 

Then  it  was  found  that,  owing  to  the  prevailing  business  depression,  the 
anticipated  gift  of  |!50,000  could  not  be  secured.  This  great  sum  was  thrown 
back  upon  the  college  for  it  to  raise.  A  limited  field,  at  best,  was  that  open 
to  appeals  for  Free  Baptist  enterprises,  and  this  field  had  just  been  canvassed. 
The  stagnation  of  trade  increased  the  difficulty  of  soliciting  money.  The 
endeavors  of  the  college  to  accomplish  its  object  were  tireless  and  heroic.  The 
very  life  of  the  college  seemed  to  depend  on  getting  this  promised  fund.  A 
donation  of  ^10,000,  made  by  the  president,  at  commencement,  in  1876, 
finished  the  subscription.  Again  there  was  great  rejoicing.  In  view  of  the 
general  prostration  of  business,  the  payment  of  Mr  Bates's  subscription  was 
delayed.  Meanwhile,  some  of  the  pledges  made  to  the  college  had  suffered 
from  the  financial  distress  of  the  time.  Before  the  matter  was  settled,  on 
January  14,  1878,  within  live  weeks  of  the  limit  of  time  allowed  for  meeting 
the  terms  of  his  offer,  Mr  Bates  suddenly  died. 

The  college  knew  that  to  deal  with  the  law  was  not  to  deal  with  a  per- 
sonal friend.  Therefore  it  carefully  reviewed  its  subscription  list,  converted 
unsettled  pledges  into  cash  or  legal  notes,  and,  with  the  utmost  confidence  in 
tlie  validity  of  its  claim  against  Mr  Bates's  estate,  awaited  the  day  of  settle- 
ment. By  counting  a  bequest  of  140,000  that  fell  to  the  college  in  1874,  with 
the  other  sums  received,  it  could  show  that,  in  the  given  time,  it  had  raised  in 
notes,  cash,  and  other   securities,  $143,785.      The  legality  of   the  claim  was 


Bates  College.  195 


doubted  by  the  executors  of  Mr  Bates's  will,  and  the  courts  sustained  them  in 
their  doubt.  Not  until  five  years  after  the  death  of  Mr  Bates  was  the  case 
finally  decided,  and  then  the  college  was  non-suited.  The  decision  of  the 
supreme  bench  against  the  college  rested  on  a  point  not  considered  by  either 
party  in  the  trial.  The  gift  of  the  Education  Society  carried  with  it  the 
condition  that  the  money  should  be  available  for  the  use  of  the  college  so  long 
as  the  teachers  supported  by  it,  in  whole  or  in  part,  "  should  be  approved  by 
the  executive  committee  of  the  society."  No  evidence  was  offered  to  show 
that  in  view  of  these  terms  Mr  Bates  would  accept  this  money  as  a  permanent 
gift  to  the  college.  Hence,  by  not  allowing  this  sum  to  stand,  nor  legal  notes 
to  be  counted  as  dollars,  the  courts  ruled  that  the  conditions  of  Mr  Bates's 
pledge  were  not  fulfilled. 

The  effort  to  meet  those  conditions,  however,  had  brought  to  the  college 
treasury  ^100,000,  and  had  proved  to  be  the  salvation  of  the  institution. 
Increased  by  this  amount  on  the  one  hand,  diminished  by  the  amount  of  many 
annual  deficits  on  the  other,  the  funds  of  the  college  still  remained  obstinately 
insufficient.  The  poverty  of  the  college  rested  heavily  on  the  faculty.  For 
twelve  years  they  each  sacrificed  a  fifth  of  their  salaries  towards  keeping  down 
the  debt.  At  their  request  Professor  Chase  was  induced  to  act  as  an  agent  for 
the  college  during  vacations,  if  not  for  a  longer  period.  His  efforts  were 
especially  valuable.  By  his  labors,  in  connection  with  those  of  the  president, 
it  came  about  that,  in  1884,  the  treasurer's  books,  for  the  first  time  since  1868, 
showed,  on  current  expense  account,  a  slight  balance  on  the  right  side.  The 
expenditures  were  <|18,729.28,  the  income  $18,800.80,  leaving  the  balance 
171.52.  But  a  balance  so  small  as  this  is  with  difficulty  kept  from  shifting 
sides.     The  next  year  the  familiar  story  was  repeated  —  a  deficit  of  JftSlO. 

Wliile  the  current  expense  account  was  brought  within  control,  the 
permanent  fund  did  not  always  show  a  stability  in  harmony  with  its  name. 
In  1881,  for  instance,  two  notes,  valued  at  -112,000,  belonging  to  that  fund, 
became  worthless  ;  on  the  other  hand,  during  the  same  year,  rf5,000  were  added 
to  the  fund,  leaving  it,  with  all  debts  of  the  college  paid,  !i!l57,037,  or  less  than 
half  the  sum  needed  by  IJates  for  a  generous  life.  The  equipment  of  the 
college  was  not  complete ;  the  management  was  rigidly  economical ;  expenses 
were  kept  at  the  lowest  scale;  wants  accumulated;  desirable  improvements 
were  deferred;  the  salaries  of  the  professors  remained  severely  meager. 
But,  at  last,  a  prospect   of   relief   appeared. 

Relief.  —  The  financial  relief  of  the  college,  so  long  desired,  came  about 
through  another  conditional  promise  of  money,  and  b}^  another  liberal  bequest. 
In  1886,  Hon.  J,  L.  H.  Cobb,  of  Lewiston,  proposed  to  give  $25,000  to  the 
college  if  it  would  raise  $75,000.  This  offer  was  followed  by  that  of  another 
gentleman  to  add  to  the  sum  thus  obtained  $30,000,  the  gift  to  be  used  for 
an  astronomical  observatory.     While  the  college  was  engaged  in  finding  the 


196  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


money  for  securing  these  pledges,  a  bequest  of  $40,000  fell  to  it,  and,  as 
bequests  were  not  to  be  included  in  the  $75,000  to  be  raised,  the  funds  of  the 
college  were  by  so  much  the  more  increased. 

To  lighten  the  work  thus  inqiosed  upon  the  college,  the  Free  Baptists  of 
New  England  were  invited  to  endow  a  chair  in  the  divinity  school,  to  be  named 
the  FuUonton  professorship,  in  honor  of  Professor  John  FuUonton,  D.D.,  who, 
for  more  than  fifty  years,  has  served  his  denomination  as  an  instructor  of  its 
youth.  This  proposition  was  heartily  seconded  by  all  the  old  pupils  of  the 
revered  professor.  The  churches  were  canvassed  by  two  students  who,  in  the 
course  of  a  year,  secured,  generally  in  small  suras,  a  good  part  of  this  endow- 
ment fund.     The  remainder  will  doubtless  be  made  up  in  a  short  time. 

At  the  end  of  two  years  the  college  had  met  the  conditions  to  Mr  Cobb's 
generous  offer,  when  his  noble  purpose  was  promptly  executed,  and  the  college 
found  itself  brought  into  a  safe  position. 

Benefactors  and  Benefactions.  —  Since  the  building  of  a  college  is 
the  building  of  a  public  and  permanent  institution,  the  persons  by  whose 
liberal  gifts  its  foundation  is  secured  are  entitled  to  such  public  and  lasting 
honor  as  the  pages  of  its  history  can  give.  It  is  a  pleasant  as  well  as  a  just 
act  to  put  on  record  the  names  of  some  of  the  generous  givers  to  Bates  College. 
Institutions  owing  their  existence  to  funds  gathered  as  were  those  of  Bates, 
become  indebted  to  a  multitude  of  donors  of  small  sums  worthy  of  grateful 
and  enduring  remembrance.  Of  such  benefactors  Bates  has  a  long  and 
illumined  roll.  The  aggregate  of  their  gifts  formed  no  small  part  of  the 
capital  of  the  college  at  the  beginning  of  its  history.  Its  growth  in  years 
made  imperative  enlargement  in  every  direction.  Enlargement  meant  larger 
expenditures,  and  larger  expenditures,  the  necessity  of  larger  receipts.  So 
inexorable  have  been  the  calls  for  money  in  equipping  this  young  institution, 
so  wide  and  strong  the  ever-flowing  and  deepening  current  of  expense,  that 
only  the  munificent  gifts  of  wealthy  friends  could  have  availed  to  arrest  the 
flood  and  keep  it  froiu  overwhelming  the  college.  Though  the  endowment  of 
Bates  is  still  small,  not  reaching  to  an  approximate  equality  with  that  of  most 
New  England  colleges  having  only  one  department,  and  conducted  on  a  higher 
scale  of  charges,  yet  it  has  probably  known  more  widely  than  they  the  warmth 
of  philanthropic  hands  and  hearts.  And  to  these  the  college  is  specially 
indebted  for  its  record,  and  for  all  its  promise  of  usefulness. 

To  group  the  chief  benefactors  of  the  college,  in  spite  of  the  slight 
repetition  it  may  involve,  is  to  present  in  a  true  light  one  important  chapter 
of  the  college  history.  First  among  these,  first  in  time,  and  first  in  the  amount 
of  his  benefactions,  was  the  noble  man  whose  name  the  college  bears,  who 
gave  the  institution,  in  addition  to  his  valuable  influence,  1100,000.  The  state 
of  Maine,  with  a  constitution  requiring  it  to  make,  from  time  to  time,  appropria- 
tions in  aid  of  institutions  of  learning,  must  be  ranked  among  the  benefactors 


Bates  College.  197 


of  Bates.  It  appropriated  $15,000  at  the  beginning  of  the  Maine  State 
Seminary,  and,  at  the  starting  of  the  college,  two  townships  of  land,  valued 
at  120,000.  The  Free  Baptist  Education  Society,  relieved  by  the  college  of 
the  support  of  its  theological  school,  gave  $25,000  towards  securing  Mr 
Bates's  last  subscription.  The  Alumni  Association,  a  legally  incorporated 
body,  gave  the  college  its  note  for  $10,000,  with  the  understanding  that  all 
gifts  from  the  alumni  should  go  towards  the  liquidation  of  the  note.  President 
Cheney,  with  characteristic  liberality,  gave  $11,000  to  the  college  to  which  he 
has  given  his  life.  The  bequest  of  Mr  Joshua  Benson,  of  Boston,  brought 
great  encouragement  to  the  college  in  a  dark  hour  of  its  history.  Intending 
to  devise  the  principal  part  of  his  estate  to  some  institution  of  learning,  he 
was  induced  by  a  grand-nephew  of  his,  then  in  college,  the  late  Mr  E.  H. 
Besse,  of  the  class  of  1877,  to  consider  the  character  and  need  of  Bates. 
Another  grand-nephew,  Mr  E.  C.  Benson,  of  Boston,  heartily  seconded  this 
request.  The  will  was  made  in  favor  of  Bates,  and  brought  it  $40,000,  though 
changes  in  the  real  estate  somewhat  reduced  this  amount. 

The  next  large  legacy  came  to  the  college  by  the  will  of  Mrs  Sarah  S. 
Belcher,  of  Farmington,  Me.  A  widow,  without  children,  long  interested 
in  the  educational  work  of  her  denomination  at  Lewiston,  and  influenced  by 
her  friendship  for  Dr  Cheney,  she  formed  the  wise  and  large-hearted  purpose 
of  leaving  the  bulk  of  her  property  to  the  college.  The  will  was  contested 
on  the  ground  of  undue  influence,  a  fictitious  and  absurd  charge,  contradicted 
by  her  remarkable  strength  of  mind  and  disallowed  by  the  courts.  The 
expense  of  the  entire  suit  falling  upon  the  college,  the  only  result  of  the  trial 
was  to  take  from  the  legacy  nearly  $10,000  for  the  costs  of  law,  leaving 
$40,000  to  the  treasury. 

The  largest  benefaction  Bates  has  received  from  any  person  now  living  is 
$25,000  from  Hon.  J.  L.  H.  Cobb,  of  Lewiston.  To  this  noble  liberality  in 
behalf  of  the  college  Mr  Cobb  was  moved  as  the  result  of  his  observation  of 
its  work  and  worth.  How  the  trustees  expressed  their  appreciation  of  this 
benevolence  of  spirit  and  act  by  naming  the  divinity  school  after  him  has 
already  been  noticed. 

In  1887,  Mrs  Caroline  A.  Wood,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  left  to  the  college  a 
legacy  of  $35,000.  In  early  life  Mrs  Wood  was  connected  with  the  Free 
Baptist  church  in  Vermont.  By  removal  of  residence  her  membership  was 
lost  to  the  denomination,  but  not  her  attachment.  Having  become  acquainted 
with  the  character  and  needs  of  the  college,  she  generously  remembered  it  in 
the  final  disposition  of  her  estate.  The  money  thus  devised  is  yet  on  its  way 
to  the  treasury.  This  is  also  true  of  the  money  coming  from  another  recent 
bequest,  that  of  the  late  Mr  Henry  W.  Easterbrooks,  of  Sutton,  Vt,  whose 
thoughtfulness  in  his  last  days  brings  to  the  college  $12,000  in  aid  of  the 
education  of  young  men  for  the  ministry. 


198  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Early  in  the  history  of  the  institution,  Mr  William  Toothaker  and  his 
wife,  of  Phillips,  Me,  gave  it  |6,600.  At  a  later  period  Hon.  Asa  Redington, 
LL.D.,  of  Lewiston,  made  a  donation  to  the  college  of  ■'i<5,000  in  stock, 
accompanied  by  the  wish  that  11,000  of  this  sum  be  used  to  found  a  scholar- 
ship for  a  lady  student — the  first  act  of  the  kind  known  in  the  experience  of 
a  New  England  college.  By  depreciation  of  the  stock  shortly  after  its  transfer 
to  the  college,  the  generous  purposes  of  Judge  Redington  failed  to  give  the 
aid  intended.  Mrs  Charlotte  Chesley,  of  New  Market,  N.  H.,  left  the  college 
l)y  will  about  -14,000.  Hon.  George  G.  Fogg,  LL.D.,  of  Concord,  N.  H.,  one 
of  the  trustees,  showed  his  genuine  friendship  for  it  by  a  gift  of  $5,500. 

Mr  Cliace  Lewis,  of  Providence,  R.  L,  endowed  one  of  the  first  scholarships 
in  the  college,  and  also  left  to  it  a  legacy  of  $4,000.  The  late  Mr  M.  D. 
Spalding  and  his  brother,  of  Boston,  rendered  valuable  aid  to  the  college  in 
its  time  of  need,  by  a  gift  of  |i4,000.  By  repeated  remembrances  of  the 
college,  the  late  Mr  S.  D.  Warren  and  his  family,  of  Boston,  assisted  it  to 
tlie  amount  of  $10,000,  assistance  made  doubly  valuable  by  the  ever  cordial 
spirit  with  which  it  was  rendered.  I.  H.  Hedge,  M.D.,  of  Waukon,  Iowa, 
contributed  $5,000  towards  the  erection  of  the  laboratory  that  bears  his  name. 
Two  liberal  and  cultured  ladies  of  Boston  have  placed  the  college  under  deep 
obligations  to  them  for  donations  amounting  to  $7,300.  Their  names,  not 
their  generous  acts,  can  be  kept  concealed.  United  States  Senator  Stanford, 
of  California,  has  given  this  Maine  college  signal  reason  for  cherishing  a 
fraternal  interest  in  the  university  of  which  he  is  the  founder,  as  well  as  for 
holding  his  name  in  lasting  honor  by  a  gift  to  Bates  of  $8,000.  In  addition  to 
these  sums  should  be  counted  the  outstanding  pledge,  soon  to  be  honored,  of 
$30,000  towards  an  observator}^  and  its  equipment. 

As  has  been  said  this  is  only  a  partial  list  of  the  noble  benefactors  who 
have  chosen  to  make  Bates  the  almoner  of  their  liberality  to  church,  society, 
and  native  land.  The  college  thus  bears  witness  to  the  claim  of  American 
wealth  to  be  foremost  in  the  world  in  recognizing  institutions  of  learning,  and 
especially  those  designed  for  students  of  limited  means,  as  agencies  of  highest 
usefulness.  Were  all  the  records  of  Bates  to  be  published  they  would  testify 
as  strongly  to  the  appreciation  of  such  institutions  by  >  American  people  not 
counted  as  wealthy. 

The  Equipment  of  the  College.  —  The  aggregate  gifts  to  the  college 
named  in  the  above  list  is  about  $415,000,  including  in  this  sum  the  legacies 
and  pledge  not  yet  in  the  possession  of  the  college.  By  means  of  these  and 
smaller  gifts,  the  college,  in  spite  of  the  large  excess  of  current  expenses  over 
current  income,  extending  through  a  period  of  fifteen  years  and  carrying  the 
debt  nearly  to  $90,000,  has  managed  to  stop  the  deficit,  pay  this  debt,  and 
retain  a  working  capital,  that,  by  the  strictest  economy,  will  enable  it  to  live. 
It  now  has,  for  both  departments,  an  endowment  fund  of  $262,967.22,  shortly 


Bates  College.  199 


to  be  increased  by  the  Wood  and  Easterbrooks  legacies  to  over  J|300,000. 
The  grounds  contain  fifty  acres,  and  with  the  six  college  buildings  are  valued 
at  1200,000. 

The  G-i/mnasium. — The  gymnasium  is  the  least  expensive  of  the  buildings, 
though  adequate  for  its  purpose.  It  is  a  commodious  wooden  structure  in  the 
rear  of  Parker  and  Hathorn  halls,  and  is  the  place  where  commencement 
dinner  is  served.  It  is  furnished  with  apparatus  of  the  most  approved  pattern. 
Exercise  is  taken  under  the  care  of  four  students,  one  of  them  a  young  lady, 
who  are  specially  trained  at  Harvard  under  Professor  Sargent  for  instructors 
in  gymnastics.  It  is  thought  that,  by  taking  competent  undergraduates  for 
tutors  in  the  gymnasium,  the  interest  and  morale  of  this  work  will  be  kept  at 
its  best,  while  the  instructors  will  receive  compensation  to  help  them  through 
their  college  course.  Instruction  is  given  four  times  a  week  to  each  class  by 
itself.  Regular  attendance  is  required  of  all  students  as  at  other  college 
exercises. 

The  Lihraries  connected  with  the  college  amount  to  15,373  volumes.  These 
are  distributed  thus  :  College  library,  10,373;'  society  libraries,  1,000  ;  divinity 
school,  3,900.  The  books  of  the  college  library  have  been  selected  with  care, 
and  primarily  with  reference  to  the  needs  of  the  undergraduates.  Hence,  as 
an  aid  in  their  education  it  has  a  value  that  might  not  be  found  in  a  much 
larger  collection  of  books.  It  contains  little  rubbish,  is  enriched  by  a  few  rare 
books  of  value,  and  is  constantly  growing. 

The  cabinet  of  minerals,  fossils,  shells,  and  birds,  classified  and  arranged  for 
uses  of  instruction,  has  grown  with  the  years  of  the  college  to  a  respectable 
size.  It  contains  valuable  specimens  of  fossils  from  the  coal  regions  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  gift  of  Rev.  Dr  I.  P.  Warren,  of  Portland.  A.  C.  Hamlin, 
M.D.,  of  Bangor,  Me,  contributed  to  the  collection  sixty  rare  minerals, 
including  several  precious  stones.  Other  friends  have  made  additions  from 
time  to  time,  so  that,  by  gradual  accumulation,  it  now  answers,  though  still 
meager,  most  of  the  demands  of  the  class-room  upon  it  for  illustrations  of  the 
processes  of  nature.  One  feature  of  the  cabinet  deserving  notice  is  the 
ornithological  collection  that  contains  a  good  number  of  New  England  birds, 
together  with  specimens  of  foreign  birds.  This  collection  was  gathered  at  a 
cost  of  $500,  and  presented  to  the  college  by  its  distinguished  ornithologist. 
Professor  J.  Y.  Stanton.  The  study  of  botany  is  aided  by  an  herbarium,  secured 
at  a  cost  of  several  hundred  dollars  from  the  late  President  Chadbourne,  of 
Williams  College. 

Apparatus  is  supplied  to  meet  the  needs  of  instruction  in  chemistry  and 
physics  to  a  good,  but  not  to  the  fullest  extent,  as  the  aim  of  the  college  in 
this  direction  is  sometimes  hindered  by  lack  of  money.  Several  years  ago  the 
lamented   Professor  Stanley  received    seven  hundred  dollars  from  Mr  A.  D. 

iln  1891,  10,757. 


200  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Lockwood,  an  old  friend  and  former  trustee  of  the  college,  for  the  purchase  of 
a  small  telescope.  By  rare  good  fortune  one  of  A.  Clark  &  Sons'  six  and  one- 
half  inch  classes  was  secured  from  Professor  O.  C.  Wendell  of  Harvard 
Observatory.  This  telescope  is  equatorially  mounted,  and  located  where  it 
can  be  made  available  for  the  classes  in  astronomy.  The  college  now  has 
a  prospect  of  crowning  David  Mountain — a  steep  and  solitary  hill,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  above  surrounding  territory,  three  hundred  and 
ninety  feet  above  tide  water,  its  base  within  a  stone's  throw  of  the  college  — 
with  an  observatory  furnished  with  a  large  telescope  and  other  instruments  of 
astronomical  science. 

In  things  essential  to  a  full  equipment  of  a  college,  Bates,  of  course,  has 
not  yet  reached  a  limit.  It  is  glad  to  be  able  to  point  to  Hedge  Laboratory, 
just  completed,  a  brick  building  36x58  feet,  two  stories  higli,  finished  to  the 
roof,  as  evidence  of  progress  in  supplying  the  facilities  for  instruction. 

The  Instructors  and  Instruction.  —  The  branches  taught  in  the 
college  may  be  grouped  under  the  following  heads:  classics,  mathematics, 
modern  languages,  English  literature  and  rhetoric,  political  economy  and  the 
various  branches  of  science,  psychology,  logic  and  Christian  evidences.  The 
gymnasium,  not  the  university,  is  taken  for  a  model.  On  the  question  of 
extensive  modifications  of  the  old  curriculum  under  which  earlier  New  England 
colleges,  not  to  speak  of  those  abroad,  have  won  their  reputation  for  discipline 
and  scholarship.  Bates,  in  part  by  necessity,  but  more  by  preference,  is  inclined 
to  be  conservative.  A  technical  course  of  study  pursued  after  graduation 
from  college,  when  the  mind  has  been  broadened,  disciplined,  and  furnished 
with  the  groundwork  of  knowledge,  gives  promise  of  yielding  the  best  results. 
If  the  business  of  life  is  to  shut  the  student  up  to  one  special  line  of  studies, 
not  too  early  let  him  turn  aside  from  all  other  departments  of  learning.  Of  no 
branch  of  study  in  the  curriculum  of  Bates  would  a  liberally  educated  inan 
willingly  be  ignorant.  Even  in  America  life  is  not  too  short  for  one  to  lay, 
in  youth,  a  proper  foundation  for  his  future  work. 

In  the  classics,  the  instruction  at  Bates  aims  to  secure  accuracy  and 
smoothness  of  translation,  and  to  bring  the  student  to  feel  the  force  and 
beauty  of  the  ancient  languages.  Special  weight  is  attached  to  a  correct 
knowledge  and  application  of  the  grammar  as  one  of  the  surest  means  of 
sharpening  the  power  of  discrimination  and  disciplining  the  judgment.  This 
department,  together  with  that  of  ornithology,  is  in  charge  of  Professor 
Stanton,  who  has  been  a  member  of  the  faculty  since  the  opening  of  the 
college.  Professor  Stanton  is  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin,  and  of  Andover 
'Jlieological  Seminary,  and  has  also  studied  abroad. 

Mathenuitics  are  continued  through  two  years,  concluding  with  calculus, 
except  as  French  is  chosen  in  place  of  it.  The  only  option  in  the  course  is 
between  these  two  studies.     Instruction  in  this  department   since    1876   has 


HEDGE   LABORATORY,    BATES    COLLEGE. 


Bates  College.  201 


been  given  by  Professor  Rand.  Professor  Rand  was  a  member  of  the  first 
class  graduated  by  the  college,  and  left  a  reputation  for  aptitude  in  this  branch 
of  study  that  secured  his  call  to  this  chair. 

French  is  taught  five  hours  a  week  through  the  sophomore  year;  German, 
the  same  number  of  hours  through  the  junior  year,  and  also  one  hour  a  day, 
once  a  week,  for  one  term  of  the  senior  year.  The  limited  time  allowed  to 
these  languages  compels  the  instruction  to  favor  acquaintance  either  with  the 
written  or  the  spoken  tongue.  If  four  years  in  a  foreign  land  are  essential 
for  acquiring  the  art  of  correct  conversation  in  its  language,  it  would  seem  to 
be  wise  in  college  to  devote  the  time  given  to  French  and  German  primarily 
to  the  study  of  the  grammar  and  the  literature.  Hence,  in  this  department. 
Professor  Angell,  without  overlooking  conversation,  follows  this  line  of 
instruction,  drilling  his  classes  thoroughly  in  the  grammar,  and  introducing 
them  to  some  of  the  best  works  of  the  best  authors.  Professor  Angell  is  a 
graduate  of  Brown,  for  several  years  was  the  principal  of  Lapham  Institute, 
and  has  studied  for  his  department  in  France  and  Germany. 

English  litei'ature  and  rhetoric  receive  special  attention  at  Bates.  Instruc- 
tion in  these  branches  is  given  during  some  part  of  each  of  the  four  years.  By 
text-book  and  lectures  on  the  part  of  the  instructor,  and  by  essays  and 
criticisms  on  the  part  of  the  students,  the  theory  and  practice  of  rhetoric  are 
combined.  The  origin,  development,  and  character  of  English  speech  and 
literature  are  fully  enough  treated  to  exempt  Bates  from  the  charge  frequently 
made  that  our  higher  institutions  neglect  the  mother-tongue.  In  the  absence 
of  any  direct  instruction  in  history.  Professor  Chase  aims  to  assign  historical 
events  and  characters  as  the  subjects  of  essays  and  criticisms,  and  to  send  his 
students  to  the  library  for  historical  investigation,  and  thus,  in  a  measure,  to 
supply  the  defect  until  the  chair  in  history  is  filled.  Professor  Chase  is  the 
youngest  of  the  professors,  an  alumnus  of  the  college,  of  the  class  of  1868. 
He  specially  fitted  for  this  department  by  a  post-graduate  course  at  Harvard. 
He  is  now  traveling  in  Europe. 

Scientific  studies  and  political  economy  were  taught  by  the  lamented  Pro- 
fessor R.  C.  Stanley  from  the  time  of  his  coming  into  the  college,  in  1865,  until 
his  death,  August  5,  1889.  They  are  now  in  charge  of  Professor  W.  H.  Harts- 
horn, who  is  ably  sustaining  the  reputation  given  this  department  by  his  pred- 
ecessor. The  course  in  chemistry  has  recently  been  enlarged  in  the  direction  of 
more  laboratory  work.  Professor  L.  G.  Jordan,  of  the  class  of  1870,  was  elected 
to  this  department  in  June,  1889.  The  other  subjects  taught  under  the  head  of 
science  —  astronomy,  geology,  botany,  ornithology,  physics,  zoology,  biology  — 
are  carried  far  enough  to  give  the  student  an  intelligent  acquaintance  with 
them,  and  to  prepare  him  for  further  study.  Five  hours  a  week,  for  a  term, 
are  devoted  to  each  of  these  branches  except  ornithology,  and  for  two  terms  to 
physics.     Bates  takes  special  pride  in  its  instruction  in  ornithology  as  one  of 


202  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


its  peculiar  features.  Possessing  the  best  private  collection  of  Maine  birds  in 
the  state,  Professor  Stanton  brings  to  this,  his  favorite  side-study,  the  results 
of  wide  investigation.  By  lectures,  illustrated  with  specimens  from  his  own 
or  the  college  collection,  and  also  by  accompanying  his  class  into  the  haunts  of 
living  birds,  he  leads  the  students  to  take  a  deep  interest  in  this  somewhat 
neglected,  yet  fascinating  branch  of  study. 

(christian  in  foundation  and  in  character,  the  college  regards  moral  philos- 
ophy, ps3^chology,  and  Christian  evidences  as  studies  of  first  importance  for 
all  liberally  educated  minds.  These  subjects  are  taught  by  text-books,  lectures, 
and  the  investigation  of  assigned  topics,  and  the  preparation  of  papers  upon 
them  by  the  class.  Questions  related  to  these  topics  are  given  to  the  class  to 
answer  by  the  aid  of  their  own  reading  and  thought.  The  work  in  this 
department  falls  to  the  senior  year,  and  is  in  the  hands  of  Professor  Hayes. 
Coming  to  the  college  after  five  years'  service  as  a  pastor,  and  after  several 
years  of  teaching  the  higher  branches  of  study,  Professor  Hayes  had  a  double 
preparation  for  his  department.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  and  of  the  Free 
Baptist  Theological  School,  and  has  studied  in  Germany.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Hillsdale. 

In  the  faculty  of  both  departments  four  colleges  are  represented.  Two  of 
the  professors  are  graduates  of  Dartmouth,  four  of  Bowdoin,  two  of  Brown, 
and  four  of  Bates.  Five  of  the  faculty  have  supplemented  their  college  and 
professional  courses  by  study  abroad.  From  the  first  the  faculty  of  Bates 
have  been  a  working  corps.  In  the  youth  and  poverty  of  the  college,  the 
character  of  its  instruction  has  been  its  main  reliance  for  attractiveness  and 
growth.  Regarding  themselves  as  stewards  of  the  bounty  and  the  sacrifices 
of  many,  and  their  work  as  a  sacred  trust  received  from  the  patrons  of  the 
college,  the  faculty  have  brought  to  pass  far  greater  results  than  the  most 
sanguine  friends  of  the  college  at  first  anticipated. 

Characteristic  Features.  I.  Co-Educatlon.  —  It  was  comparativel}^ 
easy  for  Bates  to  lead  the  way,  in  New  England,  in  offering  college  privileges 
to  young  women  on  the  same  terms  as  to  young  men.  For  in  the  seminary, 
out  of  which  the  college  sprung,  both  sexes  studied  together  through  all  the 
course.  Why  prolonging  the  course  for  one  year,  or  for  four  years,  should 
involve  a  necessity  of  separating  the  sexes,  the  trustees  failed  to  see.  Before 
their  eyes  and  under  their  superintendence  the  principle  of  co-education  had 
been  put  to  the  test ;  for  them  to  abandon  it  in  the  college,  in  the  absence  of 
any  fundamental  difference  in  the  situation  presenting  a  solid  reason  for  a 
change  of  policy,  would  be  plainly  inconsistent.  Besides,  here  was  an  open 
field  for  the  new  college  to.  cultivate  with  the  prospect  of  large  returns. 
Bates,  therefore,  determined  to  introduce  the  innovation  and  fearlessly  flung 
open  its  doors  to  all.  This  step  was  taken  in  advance  of  any  popular  demand, 
but  not  in  advance  of  public  need. 


Bates  College.  20^ 


At  the  opening  of  the  college  course,  several  young  ladies,  who  had  pursued 
the  preparatory  studies  in  the  seminary,  matriculated,  and  kept  along  with  the 
class  through  two  or  three  years,  but  none  continued  until  graduation.  Miss 
Maria  W.  Mitchell,  of  the  class  of  1869,  has  the  distinction  of  being  the 
first  lady  graduate  of  any  New  England  college.  Her  example  was  slowly 
influential.  It  was  not  until  her  senior  year  that  she  saw  another  of  her  sex 
in  college.  The  number  of  ladies  graduating  thus  far  has  been  fifty-four, 
distributed  thus:  18(39,  1;  1872,  1;  1877,  2;  1880,  2;  1881,  1;  1882,  2;  1883, 
2;  1884,  5;  1886,  1;  1887,  5;  1888,  5;  1889,  7;  1890,  7;  1891,  13.  There  are 
now  forty-eight  young  ladies  in  college.  The  novelty  of  their  presence  and  of 
their  equal  participation  in  all  college  exercises  long  since  wore  away,  and 
has  ceased  to  excite  comment.  The  sight  of  them  in  college  is  as  pleasant  and 
natural  as  in  church.  Some  superior  love  of  learning  and  earnestness  of 
purpose  unite  in  such  young  ladies  as  are  intent  on  having  a  college 
education.  Thus  a  principle  of  selection  operates  to  secure  among  them  a 
high  average  of  ability ;  and  this  explains  how  it  is  that  college  honors  have 
fallen  to  them  out  of  all  proportion  to  their  numbers.  It  is  the  rule  rather 
than  the  exception  for  them  to  reach  oration  rank.  Three  times  they  have 
won  the  valedictory  and  twice  the  salutatory.  In  one  class,  containing  only 
two  young  ladies,  they  divided  these  honors  between  them.  Study  has  not 
been  detrimental  to  their  health.  The  regular  habits  of  college  life,  taken  in 
connection  with  the  prescribed  course  of  gymnastics,  tend  to  imjDrove  rather  than 
to  impair  their  health.  In  all  matters  of  college  discipline  they  are  an  aid  to 
good  order,  and  have  themselves  never  given  any  occasion  for  rebuke.  As 
their  numbers  have  increased,  the  inclination  of  the  students  to  cultivate 
unduly  the  social  instinct  has  attracted  the  attention  of  the  faculty,  and  been 
guarded  against.     Co-education,  as  tried  at  Bates,  has  proved  a  success. 

II.  Open  Societies.  —  Among  the  earliest  enactments  of  the  college  gov- 
ernment was  a  law  declaring  that  "  On  no  condition  shall  a  secret  society  be 
organized  or  be  allowed  to  exist."  Petitions  to  the  trustees  from  time  to  time 
for  the  abrogation  of  this  law  have  been  unavailing.  The  experience  of 
American  colleges  has  demonstrated  that  they  must  choose  between  secret  or 
open  societies.  Both  do  not  flourish.  Bates  prefers  the  latter  as  avoiding  ex- 
pense, securing  the  best  literary  returns,  shutting  out  the  temptations  incident 
to  secret  meetings  of  students  at  late  hours  of  night,  and  as  leaving  open  to  all 
members  of  the  college,  and  especially  of  each  class,  the  acquaintance  and 
good-fellowship  usually  pledged,  if  not  confined,  to  the  few  members  of  a 
fraternity.  One  of  the  superior  advantages  of  small  colleges  lies  in  their 
ability  to  give  students  opportunities  for  the  forensic  training  cultivated  by 
open  societies.  The  Eurosophian  and  Polymnian  societies  maintain  separate 
rooms  in  Hathorn  Hall,  each  society  having  a  library  of  about  800  volumes 
apiece.     In  their  respective  rooms  they  hold  weekly  meetings  on  Friday  night. 


204  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  once  a  year  have  a  more  public  meeting  in  the  chapel.  As  members  from 
the  freshman  class  are  secured  according  to  the  comparative  merits  of  the 
exercises,  a  healthful  rivalry  develoi:)S  a  healthful  exertion  to  excel.  It  cannot 
but  be  that  in  meetings  where  papers  are  read,  declamations  rendered,  ques- 
tions on  various  subjects  discussed  and  criticisms  passed,  the  literary  taste  and 
forensic  skill  of  the  members  should  steadily  improve. 

TIL  Needy  Students  Helped.  —  No  better  proof  of  the  design  of  the  college 
to  keep  its  expenses  within  the  reach  of  poor  students  could  be  given  than 
that  shown  in  its  refusal  to  obtain  relief  from  its  financial  distress  by  raising 
the  tuition  to  an  equality  with  that  charged  in  other  colleges.  "Many  a 
country  lad,"  said  one  of  the  trustees  in  discussing  a  proposition  to  raise  the 
tuition,  "is  influenced  in  his  choice  of  a  college  by  a  difference  of  five  dollars 
in  the  tuition."  In  addition  to  the  help  thus  offered  needy  students,  the 
college  has  twenty-five  scholarships  and  the  state  tea,  giving  free  tuition  to 
deserving  applicants.  A  still  greater  advantage  in  this  dii-ection  results  from 
arranging  the  college  calendar  with  a  view  to  have  vacations  favor  the  students 
in  earning  money.  Beginning  the  last  week  in  August  the  fall  term  runs  to 
the  Friday  before  Thanksgiving.  The  college  is  tlien  suspended  for  six  weeks 
to  allow  for  teaching  winter  schools,  a  privilege  made  use  of  to  such  an  extent 
that  two-thirds  of  the  young  men,  during  tliis  vacation,  may  be  found  scattered 
over  New  England  engaged  in  this  work.  Thus  New  England  reaps  some 
reward  for  whatever  aid  it  has  in  any  way  given  the  college.  Teaching,  too, 
has  other  than  pecuniary  rewards  for  the  student,  bringing  him  more  fully 
into  sympathy  with  college  methods  and  requirements,  and  quickening  his 
grasp  on  the  studies  pursued.  It  also  prepares  him,  on  leaving  college,  to 
obtain  at  once  a  permanent  situation  as  a  teacher.  Undoubtedly  the  expla- 
nation of  the  fact  that  so  large  a  per  cent,  of  the  alumni  make  teaching 
their  life-work  may  be  found  here.  The  money  earned  in  the  summer  and 
winter  vacations  frequently  enables  economical  students  to  meet  all  their 
college  bills;  and,  if  by  this  means  their  time  has  to  be  taken  from  reading 
and  the  pursuits  of  general  culture,  and  be  given  to  things  not  always 
intellectual,  these  students  receive  some  valuable  compensations  in  the  self- 
reliance,  energy,  and  perseverance,  coming  into  character  as  the  result  of  their 
exertions. 

IV.  Forensles.  —  The  system  of  public  debates,  established  at  Bates,  is  a 
peculiar  feature  of  the  institution,  and  one  of  very  high  merit.  During  the 
freshman  year  the  class  is  divided  into  groups  of  six  or  eight,  and  each  group 
is  given  a  question  for  public  discussion  at  the  close  of  the  fall  term  of  the 
sophomore  year.  When  the  debate  comes  off  each  disputant  is  allowed  to 
speak  twenty  minutes,  and  to  read  his  argument  or  deliver  it  from  memory. 
The  discussion  takes  place  in  the  presence  of  the  students  and  their  friends, 
before  a  committee  selected  by  the  speakers,  usually  chosen  from  the  senior 


Bates  College.  205 


class,  with,  perhaps,  one  member  from  outside  the  college.  The  committee 
first  names  the  best  debater  in  each  division,  regardless  of  his  elocution,  and 
then,  out  of  all  the  class,  selects  the  eight  best  disputants,  whether  successful 
in  their  own  division  or  not,  for  a  final  "cliampion  debate"  that  constitutes 
one  of  the  exercises  of  commencement  week.  Care  is  taken  to  have  all  the 
topics  discussed  worthy  of  the  student's  study.  Out  of  a  list  presented  by  the 
professor  in  charge  of  the  exercise  the  students  choose  one  to  their  taste. 
Some  of  the  questions  discussed  have  been:  The  Tariff;  State  vs.  Denomina- 
tional Colleges;  Bismarck  or  Grladstone ;  English  Civil  /Service  for  the  United 
States;  Correctness  of  the  Popular  Estimate  of  Bacon;  A  Canal  Across  the 
Isthmus  to  he  Built  hy  the  United  States. 

The  rhetorical  exercises  of  the  freshman  and  sophomore  classes  include 
essays  and  public  prize  declamations.  Each  member  of  both  classes  after  a 
private  drill  in  speaking  participates  in  the  declamations.  Each  junior  debates 
before  the  class,  writes  essays,  and  prepares  an  original  declamation  for  a  public 
prize  contest.  All  the  class  read  their  parts  before  a  committee  of  their  own 
selection,  who  then  choose  the  twelve  best  to  compete,  during  commencement 
week,  in  respect  to  composition  and  elocution,  for  a  first  and  second  prize. 
The  rhetorical  work  of  the  senior  3^ear  consists  of  criticisms,  literary  and 
philosophical,  essays,  and  orations.  At  the  close  of  the  spring  term,  a  senior 
exhibition  is  given  by  twelve  representative  speakers  selected  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  contestants  in  the  junior  prize. 

V.  Prizes. — The  system  of  prizes  established  at  Bates  has  been  found  to 
be  attended  with  good  results.  It  is  as  follows :  For  general  scholarship,  a 
first  and  second  prize  are  given  to  each  of  the  first  three  classes  ;  the  first  prizes 
are  respectively  eight,  nine,  and  ten  dollars;  the  second,  five,  six,  and  seven 
dollars.  As  it  often  happens  that  the  best  scholars  are  not  the  best  speakers, 
these  prizes  answer  a  wise  end,  in  honoring  merit  on  other  grounds.  For 
excellence  in  public  declamation  there  is  given  to  the  best  speaker  of  the 
freshman  class,  at  the  close  of  the  fall  term,  and  to  the  best  speaker  of  the 
sophomore  class,  at  the  close  of  the  spring  term,  a  prize  of  ten  dollars  each. 
The  successful  competitors  in  the  prize  debates  receive  ten  dollars  each, 
and  the  victor  in  the  champion  debate,  a  prize  of  twenty  dollars.  The  first 
prize  given  for  the  best  original  declamation  by  the  juniors  in  commencement 
week  is  seventy-five  dollars,  and  the  second,  twenty.  For  improvement  in 
English  composition,  as  shown  by  the  essays  and  original  declamations,  prizes 
of  ten  dollars  each  are  given  to  the  most  deserving  member  of  the  sopho- 
more and  of  the  junior  classes  respectively. 

VI.  Outside  Lectures.  —  It  has  come  to  be  a  custom  of  the  college  to  secure 
from  eminent  scholars,  teachers,  and  divines,  a  yearly  course  of  lectures  before 
the  students.  Some  of  New  England's  ablest  thinkers  and  leaders  of  thought 
have  been  heard  in  this  way.     These  lectures  are  made  free  to  the  public,  and 


206  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


are  highly  appreciated  by  the  scholarly  element  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn,  as 
well  as  by  the  class  for  whom  they  are  more  immediately  intended.  Among 
those  who  have  been  heard  are  John  Fiske,  Edwin  D.  Mead,  Phillips  Brooks, 
Edward  Everett  Hale,  Alexander  McKenzie,  Ruen  Thomas,  Professor  C.  W. 
Emerson,  ex-President  Hill  of  Harvard.  In  one  course,  Rev.  Selah  Merrill, 
D.D.,  gave  six  lectures  on  Palestine.  It  has  been  generally  by  the  courtesy 
and  generous  consideration  of  these  eminent  men  that  the  students  have  had 
the  privilege  of  listening  to  their  counsels. 

VII.  Morals  and  Eeligion. — The  college  requires  attendance  at  church,  once 
each  Sabbath,  wherever  the  student  may  elect  to  go ;  also  at  daily  morning 
prayers  after  the  first  recitation,  and  at  the  public  services  on  the  day  of 
prayer  for  colleges. 

The  students  sustain  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  a  Y.  W.  C.  A.  —  the  two  forming  a 
Christian  union  for  a  general  social  meeting  on  Wednesday  evening.  Class 
prayer-meetings,  with  more  or  less  regularity,  are  also  held.  By  reason  of 
these  and  other  direct  Christian  agencies,  a  pure  moral  and  religious  atmos- 
phere has,  from  the  first,  pervaded  the  institution.  In  their  guardianship 
of  the  moral  character  of  the  college,  the  faculty  have  not  hesitated  to  be 
"paternal  "to  the  extent  of  promptly  dismissing  any  student  disposed  to 
spread  moral  contamination  among  his  associates.  Temperance,  interpreted 
to  mean  total  abstinence,  is  universally  prevalent,  and,  what  is  possibly  more 
significant,  the  use  of  tobacco,  while  not  prohibited  by  the  college,  is,  by  the 
students'  own  act,  reduced  to  a  minimum,  or  altogether  discarded.  At  the 
present  time  it  is  believed  that  not  one  of  the  students  is  addicted  to  its  use. 
The  benefit  of  a  scholarship  carries  with  it  a  pledge  of  abstinence  from  tobacco. 

VIII.  Interest  of  the  Faculty  m  the  Students.  —  The  personal  interest  of  the 
faculty  in  the  students,  made  possible  by  the  size  of  the  classes,  can  be  men- 
tioned as  one  of  the  striking  features  of  the  college.  Any  student  is  invited  to 
consult  freely  with  the  faculty  on  whatever  concerns  his  welfare  as  a  member  of 
the  college.  By  the  free  response  to  this  invitation,  the  faculty  are  brought  to 
know  the  moral  as  well  as  the  intellectual  bent  of  the  members  of  each  class. 
The  result  is  that  the  student,  perceiving  that  he  is  an  object  of  interest  to  his 
teachers,  feels  at  liberty  to  seek  their  advice  in  respect  to  his  studies,  or  to  ask 
their  aid  in  his  endeavors  to  get  a  situation  to  teach  or  work.  The  opportunity 
is  thus  presented  to  the  faculty  to  mingle  any  word  of  caution,  reproof,  or 
commendation  with  their  favors.  The  good  offices  of  the  faculty  invoked  and 
freely  extended  through  the  course,  are  especially  sought  as  graduation  draws 
near,  by  those  intending  to  teach.  It  is  very  natural,  too,  that  members  of  an 
alumni  thus  trained  in  college  should  not  be  restrained  from  looking  to  the 
faculty,  at  any  later  time,  for  counsel  or  other  consideration. 

The  Alumni.  —  The  whole  number  of  graduates  from  the  college  is  five 
hundred  and  five.     The  whole  number  of  graduates  from  the  divinity  school 


Bates  College.  207 


is  ninety-four.  The  whole  number  of  graduates  from  the  institution  is  five 
hundred  and  ninetj^-nine.  The  first  class,  of  1867,  consisted  of  eight;  the 
last,  of  thirty-three,  in  1891.  Assuming  the  average  age  of  the  students  at 
graduation  to  be  twenty -three  years,  the  members  of  the  first  class  would  now 
be  in  their  forty-fifth  year.  The  first  nine  classes  graduated  one  hundred  and 
two,  —  that  is,  about  one-fourth  of  the  entire  alumni.  The  remaining  three- 
fourths,  therefore,  have  not  yet  passed  their  thirty-eighth  year.  Eighteen 
more  than  one-half  of  the  alumni  had  graduated  in  1881 ;  hence,  one-half  of 
the  whole  number  have  not  yet  passed  their  thirty-third  year.  These  figures 
clearly  set  forth  the  youth  of  the  college  and  show  that  but  few  of  its  alumni 
have  arrived  at  the  period  when  distinction  usually  comes  to  men.  The 
alumni  are  not  too  young  to  have  successfully  entered  upon  the  pursuits  of 
life,  but  are  yet  too  young  to  have  carried  off  its  highest  honors. 

Interpreted  by  the  callings  selected,  the  alumni  may  claim  to  have  been 
rather  drawn  to  positions  of  usefulness  than  to  those  promising  renown. 
Forty  per  cent,  of  them  have  become  teachers,  and  not  a  few  of  them  teachers 
of  a  superior  order.  Accustomed  to  teach  while  in  college,  on  leaving  it  many 
of  them  can  at  once  turn  their  experience  to  their  advantage  in  this  line  of 
work.  Thus  it  has  come  about  that  more  city  high  schools  in  New  England 
are  now  taught  by  graduates  of  Bates  than  by  those  of  any  other  college. 
Three  of  the  alumni  are  teachers  in  Boston,  three  in  Washington,  one  at 
Harvard,  nine  in  other  colleges,  and  others  are  found  scattered  through  the 
schools  of  twenty-one  states  of  the  Union. 

Exclusive  of  the  alumnoe,  although  the  second  young  woman  to  graduate 
from  the  college  is  a  preacher,  about  nineteen  per  cent,  of  the  alumni  have 
chosen  the  ministry,  or  seventy  in  all.  Of  these  forty-one  have  entered  the 
Free  Baptist  ministr}^  seventeen  the  Congregational,  and  twelve  that  of  other 
bodies.  In  the  lirst  decade,  twenty-three  per  cent.,  in  the  second  only  thirteen 
per  cent,  of  the  alumni  chose  this  profession,  a  serious  decline,  although  one 
shared  in  common  with  the  other  New  England  colleges  of  our  day.  Of  the 
remainder  of  the  alumni  fourteen  per  cent,  have  chosen  the  law,  twelve 
per  cent,  medicine,  the  rest,  architecture,  civil  engineering,  journalism,  and 
other  vocations. 

Alumni  Assoc(atio)ts.  —  The  loyalty  of  any  alumni  to  their  alma  inafer  may 
be  assumed  to  exist.  The  alumni  of  Bates  give  to  it  an  ardent  loyalty.  From 
association  with  graduates  of  other  colleges  in  ways  to  bring  into  relief  the 
comparative  results  of  each  other's  mental  training,  many  of  the  alumni  have 
taken  occasion  to  report  their  satisfaction  with  the  instruction,  course  of  study, 
discipline,  spirit,  and  standards  maintained  at  Bates.  Wherever  found  in 
sufficient  numbers,  they  have  organized  alumni  associations  for  an  annual 
reunion  and  supper,  and  for  fostering  the  interests  of  the  college.  The  most 
important  of  these  associations  is  the  chartered  body  consisting  of  all  the  grad- 


208  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


uates,  and  holding  its  annual  meeting  during  commencement.  One  evening  of 
the  week  is  given  up  to  this  association  for  such  literary  exercises  as  it  may,  out 
of  its  own  members,  provide.  Two-fifths  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  are  now 
nominated  by  the  alumni,  or  two  out  of  the  five  that  are  annually  elected. 
The  acquaintance  of  these  alumni  with  the  internal  affairs  of  the  college  can 
hardly  be  equaled  by  that  of  other  members  of  the  corporation ;  and  hence  the 
influence  of  the  alumni  on  the  management  of  the  college  seems  destined  to 
be  increasingly  controlling  and  valuable,  as  their  years,  with  those  of  the 
college,  ripen  into  maturity. 

Present  Condition.  —  The  college  corporation  is  now  sustaining  three 
distinct  departments:  The  Latin  School,  with  seven  instructors  and  eighty- 
nine  students;  Cobb  Divinity  School,  with  a  faculty  of  six, and  twenty  students  ; 
Bates  College  proper,  with  ten  professors  and  instructors,  and  one  hundred 
and  forty-six  students."  For  the  support  of  these  schools  the  corporation  has, 
besides  annual  donations  from  special  friends,  and  the  income  from  room  rents 
and  tuition,  the  interest  of  above  -^300, 000  of  productive  funds.  Thus,  well 
organized,  respectably  equipped  and  endowed,  with  the  confidence  of  the 
public,  and  a  commanding  reputation  for  scholarship  secured,  with  an  increas- 
ing circle  of  friends,  and  with  a  faculty  whose  character  is  best  portrayed  by 
this  record  of  results  achieved.  Bates  College  can  be  said  to  have  started  well 
on  a  career  of  service  for  education,  religion,  and  humanity. 


CHAPTER   XH. 


MASONIC    AND    ODD   FELLOW   SOCIETIES. 


FREEMASONRY  in  Androscoggin. — The  first  Masonic  lodge  in  America, 
St  John's  Lodge,  was  holden  at  Boston,  July  30,  1733,  by  commission 
from  Lord  Viscount  Montague,  Grand  Master  of  England.  The  next 
was  St  Andrew's  Lodge,  instituted  there,  November  30,  1752,  by  a  dispensation 
from  Lord  Aberdowr,  Grand  Master  of  Scotland.  His  successor,  the  P^arl  of 
Dalhousie,  March  3,  1772,  commissioned  "Doctor  Joseph  Warren,  Grand 
Master  of  all  the  Masonic  lodges  in  America."  After  General  Warren  fell  on 
Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1775,  Joseph   Webb,  Esq.,  succeeded  him  as   Grand 

1  Figures  of  1890. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  209 


Master.  The  first  lodge  in  Maine  was  Portland  Lodge,  chartered  in  1762, 
established  in  March,  1769.  The  oldest  chapter  was  Portland  Chapter, 
instituted  in  1805.  The  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine  was  established  at  Portland, 
during  the  first  session  of  the  Maine  Legislature,  in  1820.  The  strong  men  of 
Androscoggin  Valley  were  heartily  in  unison  with  the  fraternal  spirit  and 
principles  of  Freemasonry,  and  in  the  first  decade  of  this  century  movements 
were  made  culminating  in  the  creation  of  Oriental  Star  Lodge  in  Livermore 
in  1811,  and  of  Tranquil  Lodge  now  of  Auburn.  From  these  have  sprung 
numerous  children,  and  both  exist  to-day,  exercising  a  potent  influence  in 
Masonic  counsels. 

Oriental  Star  Lodije,  No.  21,  F.  <f  A.  31.,  North  Livermore.^  —  Among  the 
early  settlers  of  Livermore  and  vicinity  were  quite  a  number  of  persons  who 
belonged  to  the  ancient  order  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons.  Drawn  together 
by  a  fraternal  feeling,  stronger  perhaps  because  they  were  strangers  in  a  strange 
land,  they  occasionally  met  together,  when  naturally  the  subject  of  Masonry 
would  be  the  topic  of  conversation.  Afterwards  there  were  appointed  meetings 
for  consultation  or  instruction.  Finally  a  general  invitation  was  extended  to 
all  brethren  residing  in  the  adjoining  towns  to  meet  at  Stone's  Hall,  Livermore, 
March  5,  1811,  to  take  measures  towards  the  formation  of  a  lodge  of  Masons 
in  that  vicinit}''.  After  mature  consultation  it  was  voted  to  petition  the  Most 
Worshipful  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts  for  a  charter.  At  a  meeting  held 
in  July  following  they  received  notice  that  their  petition  had  been  granted, 
and  a  charter  was  ready  for  them  in  Boston,  upon  the  payment  of  the  usual 
fee  of  seventy  dollars,  granting  them  full  powers  as  a  lodge  of  Free  and 
Accepted  Masons  by  the  name  of  Oriental  Star  Lodge.  This  charter  was 
received  at  a  meeting  held  April  21,  1812.  It  bore  the  date  of  June  13,  1811, 
and  was  signed  by  Timothy  Bigelow,  Grand  Master.  At  the  same  meeting 
these  officers  were  elected :  W.  Samuel  Small,  W.  M. ;  William  H.  Brettun,  S. 
W. ;  Simeon  Waters,  J.  W.;  Jesse  Stone,  treasurer;  Sylvester  Strickland,  secre- 
tary. This  lodge  never  worked  under  a  dispensation.  During  the  first  few  years 
of  its  existence  it  had  no  suitable  place  for  its  meetings,  and  usually  met  in  a 
private  room  of  a  dwelling  of  one  of  the  brethren,  and  sometimes  in  an 
unfinished  chamber  over  a  store.  It  was  determined  to  erect  a  building  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  lodge,  and  in  1818  a  hall  was  erected  at  Stone's 
Corner,  Livermore,  at  a  cost  of  about  one  thousand  dollars.  The  lodge  was 
incorporated  by  the  legislature,  February  10,  1823,  with  the  right  to  take  and 
hold  for  charitable  and  benevolent  purposes  real  estate  to  the  value  of  three 
thousand  dollars,  and  personal  estate  to  the  value  of  five  thousand  dollars. 
The  original  members  were  Samuel  Small,  Sylvester  Strickland,  James 
Johnston,  Oliver  Pollard,  James  Waite,  Simeon  Waters,  Ithamar  Phinney, 
Isaac    Root,  Isaac  Livermore,  Libeus  Leach,   Aaron  S.  Barton,  William   H. 

1  By  S.  G.  Shurtleff. 


210  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Brettun,  Cornelius  Holland,  Jesse  Stone,  and  Dexter  Walker.  These  either 
signed  the  petition  or  were  active  in  the  preliminary  measures  taken  to  start 
the  lodoe.  Many  of  them  were  prominent  and  influential  members  of  the 
community. 

The  lodge  got  well  under  way  and  its  prospects  were  looking  bright  wlieu 
the  Morgan  excitement  broke  out.  Oriental  Star  felt  its  disheartening  influ- 
ence with  the  rest.  The  excitement  even  got  into  the  church.  Stillman 
Noyes,  James  Starr,  Sebes  Hyde,  and  Arnold  Whittemore,  members  of  (Oriental 
Star,  were  also  members  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Jay.  They  were  notified  to 
withdraw  from  the  order  or  lose  their  standing  in  the  church.  Of  course  they 
adhered  to  their  obligations  as  Masons,  and  the  church  concluded  it  would  not  be 
wise  to  lose  some  of  its  best  members.  For  about  fifteen  years  following  1830 
little  or  no  work  was  done  ;  but  the  lodge  usually  elected  its  officers  and  was 
in  condition  to  do  work.  While  at  this  time  they  received  no  accessions  to 
their  numbers  they  were  yet  thoroughly  imbuded  with  the  spirit  of  Masonry 
and  some  of  the  most  interesting  meetings  were  held  during  this  period. 

In  185(3  the  lodge  met  with  a  severe  misfortune.  On  July  26  their  hall, 
with  a  great  part  of  their  furniture,  was  burned.  The  loss  was  but  one-half 
covered  by  insurance.  The  lodge  immediately  voted  to  rebuild,  and  a  new 
hall  was  completed  in  November,  1857,  which,  on  June  24  following,  was 
solemnly  dedicated  to  Free  Masonry  by  the  M.  W.  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine, 
Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master  Robert  P.  Dunlap,  presiding.  November  9, 
1875,  this  hall  also,  with  the  furniture,  fixtures,  and  regalia,  was  destroyed  by 
fire,  together  with  its  ancient  charter.  In  no  ways  discouraged.  Oriental  Star 
promptly  voted  to  rebuild  on  a  larger  scale.  A  new  hall  was  erected  the 
next  year,  and  completed  so  that  the  annual  communication  was  held  in  it  in 
October.  It  was  dedicated  on  June  21,  1877,  by  the  M.  W.  Grand  Lodge  of 
Maine.  There  were  present,  on  this  occasion,  Whitney  Lodge  of  Canton, 
Reuel  VVashburn  Lodge  of  Livermore  Falls,  King  Hiram  Lodge  of  Dixfield, 
beside  delegations  from  Nezinscot,  Evening  Star,  Tranquil,  Kabboni,  Asylum, 
and  Blazing  Star  lodges.  The  address  was  delivered  by  M.  W.  Josiah  H. 
Drunimond,  I'ast  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine. 

Oriental  Star  was  organized  during  the  earl}^  settlement  of  Livermore.  As 
this  section  of  the  state  was  then  sparsely  settled,  it  drew  its  membership 
largely  from  the  adjacent  towns.  But  as  the  country  became  more  thickly 
settled,  new  lodges  were  formed  in  the  adjoining  towns,  often  drawing  quite 
largely  upon  Oriental  Star  for  membership.  In  April,  1872,  twenty-nine 
members  were  dimitted  to  enable  them  to  organize  Whitney  Lodge,  in  Canton. 
Again  in  May,  1877,  twenty -five  more  were  dimitted  to  organize  Reuel  Wash- 
burn Lodge  at  Livermore  Falls.  Few  lodges  have  experienced  so  many 
misfortunes  or  have  met  with  so  much  discouragement  as  Oriental  Star.  It  is 
quite  a  different  thing  to  build  up  and  maintain  a  flourishing  lodge  in  the 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  211 

cities  and  larger  villages  where  wealth  abounds,  to  what  it  is  in  a  sparsely 
settled  farming  community.  Oriental  Star  is  entitled  to  much  credit  for  its 
energy  and  pluck  in  meeting  its  misfortunes  so  bravely,  and  so  resolutely 
pushing  ahead  against  adversity.  To  resist  the  discouraging  influence  of  the 
anti-Morgan  excitement,  to  lose  two  Masonic  halls  by  fire  within  twenty  years, 
to  lose  fifty-four  members  within  six  years  by  dimit,  and  then  to  retain  a 
membership  of  ninety  and  possess  a  Masonic  hall  worth  twenty-five  hundred 
dollai's,  and  an  invested  fund  of  more  than  one  thousand  dollars,  is  consider- 
able for  a  small  country  town  of  less  than  twelve  hundred  population.  More 
than  this,  in  November,  1873,  it  donated  the  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars  to 
Whitney  Lodge,  to  be  used  for  charitable  purposes,  according  to  the  usages  of 
the  fraternity.  Doubtless  the  prosperity  of  the  lodge  was  largely  due  to  many 
prominent  and  influential  men  included  in  its  list  of  membership.  Among 
them  may  be  mentioned  Samuel  Small,  Cornelius  Holland,  and  Keuel  Washburn. 
Samuel  Small  was  a  physician  of  extensive  practice,  and  the  first  Master  of  the 
lodge.  He  was  a  man  of  intelligence  and  respected  by  the  whole  community. 
He  represented  his  town  in  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine,  and 
the  County  of  Oxford  in  tlie  Senate  of  Massachusetts  and  in  the  Senate  of 
Maine,  and  was  a  member  of  the  executive  council.  Cornelius  Holland  was 
also  a  phj^sician  of  large  practice.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the  lodge 
upon  its  first  organization,  and  was  conspicuous  for  his  zeal  and  fidelity  to 
Masonic  principles.  He  was  several  times  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
twice  elected  Representative  to  Congress. 

Perhaps  the  man  to  whom  Oriental  Star  Lodge  is  indebted  more  than  to 
any  other  is  Reuel  Washburn.  He  was  born  in  1793;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1814;  admitted  to  the  bar,  1817;  made  a  Mason  in  1818;  elected 
Master,  1822;  D.  D.  S.  M.,  1826  and  1827;  Grand  Master,  1835-0-7;  served  his 
lodge  as  Master  seven  years,  and  as  secretary  eleven  years;  was  a  member  of 
both  branches  of  the  legislature  and  of  the  executive  council;  was  register 
and  judge  of  probate,  and  several  times  a  candidate  of  the  Whig  party  for 
Congress.  During  his  membership  of  Oriental  Star  Lodge  of  nearly  sixty 
years  he  was  largely  instrumental  in  shaping  its  course  of  action,  and  watchful 
of  its  financial  as  well  as  of  its  moral  advancement.  He  took  a  deep  interest 
in  everything  pertaining  to  Masonry,  and  his  invaluable  services  both  in  and  out 
of  the  lodge  to  promote  its  usefulness  will  not  soon  be  forgotten.  His  ability, 
integrity,  and  upright  bearing  in  all  of  the  walks  of  life  gave  him  an  influence 
possessed  by  no  one  else. 

Among  other  prominent  members  of  the  lodge  may  be  mentioned  William 
H.  Brettun,  an  active  business  man,  who  accumulated  quite  a  large  estate; 
Sylvester  Strickland,  a  merchant,  who  was  the  first  secretary  of  the  lodge ; 
Benjamin  Bradford,  for  nearly  sixty  years  a  practicing  physician  in  Livermore, 
several  times  elected  to  the  legislature,  twice  elected  Master  of  the  lodge,  and 


212  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


held  in  high  esteem  by  the  fraternity ;  Lee  Strickland,  colonel  of  the  Eighth 
Maine  Infantry;  Major  Isaac  Strickland,  a  prominent  business  man;  Joseph 
Covell,  wlio  died  while  consul  to  Prince  Edward's  Island;  nor  should  the 
name  of  Moses  Stone  be  omitted,  who  served  as  chaplain  of  the  lodge  for 
forty  years.  He  was  noted  for  integrity,  firmness  of  purpose,  and  purity 
of  life.  No  member  was  so  sincerely  and  universally  venerated  and  loved 
by  the  fraternity.  During  that  dark  period  of  Masonry,  the  anti-Masonic 
excitement,  he  conld  be  seen  advancing  with  a  firm  and  unfaltering  step 
to  that  Masonic  temple  where  his  brethren  were  assembled,  and  where  he 
always  devoutly  and  fervently  prayed  for  the  perpetuity  of  the  order,  and 
God's  blessing  upon  it.  For  his  moral  and  Christian  character  and  unblem- 
ished reputation  he  was  respected  by  all,  and  regarded  in  the  order  as  a  pillar 
of  strength. 

Oriental  Star  has  now  a  membership  of  ninety-two.  With  a  lodge  on  one 
side  within  five  miles,  and  on  the  other  side  within  three  miles,  its  territory  is 
quite  restricted,  and  its  membership  is  therefore  smaller  than  it  otherwise 
would  be.  The  present  officers  are:  Asa  G.  Timberlake,  W.  M. ;  Willie  A. 
Thompson,  S.  W. ;  K.  A.  Ryerson,  J.  W.;  Caleb  Smith,  treasurer;  S.  G. 
Shurtleff,  secretary.  The  living  past  masters  are :  Lewis  A.  Farrar,  John  D. 
Hodge,  Cornelius  M.  Holland,  Byron  C.  Waite,  Everett  L.  Philoon,  C.  H. 
Boothby,  C.  E.  Knight,  M.D.,  and  George  Q.  Gammon. 

Tranquil  Lo(l</e,  No.  !B9,  F.  <|-  A.  M.,  Auhurti.  —  This  lodge  never  worked 
under  a  dispensation.  March  18,  1818,  a  number  of  brethren  met  at  the  house 
of  Bro.  Oliver  Pollard  in  Minot  (North  Auburn),  took  the  necessary  steps  for 
formation  and  elected  officers.  These  were  Oliver  Pollard,  W.  M. ;  Henry 
Jackson,  S.  W. ;  Alden  Blossom,  J.  W. ;  Enoch  Perkins,  treasurer;  Joseph 
Keith,  secretary ;  Seth  Staples,  S.  D. ;  Asa  Phillips,  J.  D. ;  Hezekiah  Bryant, 
tyler.  Beside  these  were  present  Lemuel  Nash,  Thomas  Davis,  Leonard 
Richmond,  Cyrus  Clark,  Jacob  Hill,  Reed  Phillips,  Aaron  Bird,  Jonathan  Nash, 
Henry  Jones,  Jr,  Hira  Bradford,  Oliver  Herrick.  Opening  a  lodge  of  master 
Masons  they  voted  to  apply  for  a  charter,  and  a  petition  signed  by  the  nineteen 
Masons  was  forwarded  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts,  which  acted 
favorably  on  the  petition  and  granted  a  charter,  dated  March  11,  1818. 
March  24,  1819,  occurred  the  first  meeting  after  the  arrival  of  the  charter. 
Officers  were  chosen  and  Nathaniel  Ingalls  was  proposed  as  a  candidate.  He 
was  accepted  and  was  the  first  person  initiated.  From  this  time  monthly 
communications  were  held  until  September  19,  when  the  lodge  was  constituted 
by  the  Grand  Lodge  and  its  officers  installed. 

l^'rom  1820  to  1826  harmony  prevailed,  attendance  was  large,  and  good 
work  was  done.  February  9,  1824,  the  lodge  was  incorporated  as  a  charitable 
institution  by  the  legislature  to  hold  real  estate  to  the  value  of  |6,000,  and 
personal  property  amounting  to  110,000.     The  membership  was  widely  scat- 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  21S 

tered;  some  lived  at  Turner  village  and  neighborhood,  others  at  Levviston 
Falls,  and  others  at  Minot  Corner,  and  several  fruitless  attempts  were  made  to 
divide  the  lodge  or  change  the  place  of  meeting.  No  work  was  done  from 
June,  1829,  to  June,  1847,  although  meetings  were  sustained  until  1831,  and 
August  17, 1843,  a  fire  destroyed  the  charter.  June  23, 1847,  the  last  meeting 
was  held  at  North  Auburn.  Officers  were  elected  and  it  was  voted  to  remove 
the  lodge  to  "  Chamberlain  Hall  in  Auburn,  near  Lewiston  Falls,"  where, 
October  13,  the  officers  were  publicly  installed.  The  new  charter  was  dated 
May  20,  1847.  From  this  time  the  prosperity  of  the  lodge  has  been  contin- 
uous, the  ablest  citizens  being  members,  and  active  in  work.  Among  those 
removed  by  death  in  its  earlier  years  were  Mark  Hill  (1848),  George  W.  Chase 
(D.  D.  G.  M.),  and  Dan  Read  (1853),  Gen.  Alden  Blossom,  of  Turner,  eighty- 
seven  years  old,  a  Past  Master  (1863),  G.  F.  Newell,  Jacob  Herrick,  Edmund 
D.  Covell,  and  (ieorge  C.  C'ross  (18(34),  C.  R.  Bowker,  G.  G.  Robinson,  Joseph 
Freeman,  Joseph  Lufkin,  and  A.  A.  Trueworthy  (1865).  In  1868  died  A.  H. 
Small  and  T.  A.  D.  Fessenden;  in  1869  S.  S.  Bridgham,  Lewis  Phillips,  and  R. 
L.  Andrews ;  in  1870  Hubbard  Lovejoy,  William  Kilbourne,  Isaac  L.  Merrill ; 
in  1871  J.  M.  Blossom  and  J.  K.  Piper ;  in  1872  B.  E.  Lombard  and  Almon  C. 
Pray,  the  last  a  very  zealous  Mason  and  master  of  the  lodge.  John  Penley, 
for  nearly  sixty  years  a  Mason,  died  in  1873.  These  3^ears  have  given  the 
greatest  mortality  among  the  members  in  proportion  to  the  number.  June 
24,  1874,  the  dedication  of  Masonic  Hall  (now  used  by  Burnside  Post  as  a 
G.  A.  R.  Hall)  occurred  with  the  celebration  of  St  John's  Day.  The  Grand 
Lodge,  Ashlar,  Kabboni,  Cumberland,  and  Nezinscot  lodges,  DeMolay,  Trinity, 
Biddeford,  and  Lewiston  commanderies  joining  in  the  services.  In  1876 
an  extensive  history  of  the  lodge,  written  by  Brother  Robert  Martin,  was 
published  in  pamphlet  form  by  the  lodge.  Up  to  January,  1875,  931  commu- 
nications had  been  held,  333  persons  initiated,  and  82  applications  rejected, 
and  at  that  date  the  lodge  numbered  198  members. 

In  1876  George  C.  Wing  was  elected  W.  M.;  John  B.  Jordan,  S.  W. ;  H. 
D.  Donovan,  J.  W.;  John  Pickard,  treasurer;  J.  F.  Atwood,  secretary. 
January  27  Rev.  (xeorge  Bates,  formerly  pastor  of  the  Universalist  church, 
was  buried  with  Masonic  honors.  Past  G.  W.  Reuel  Washburn  acting  as  W.  M. 
Quite  a  mortality  among  the  members  this  year.  In  1877  John  B.  Jordan 
was  chosen  W.  M.;  H.  D.  Donovan,  S.  W.;  Algernon  M.  Roak,  J.  W.  Brother 
Pickard  was  again  chosen  treasurer,  and  Brother  Atwood  secretary.  They 
have  done  their  duty  so  well  that  in  the  wisdom  of  tlie  lodge  there  has  been 
no  change  demanded  in  either  of  these  offices,  and  after  fifteen  years  of  active 
service  they  now  hold  and  wear  the  jewel  insignia  of  the  key  and  pen, 
October  11  a  special  communication  was  called  to  form  an  escort  to  the  pro- 
cession participating  in  the  dedication  of  the  statute  of  Edward  Little  in  the 
Auburn  park.     1878  —  same  officers  as  last  year.     It  appears  to  be  an  almost 


214  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

unbroken  custom  of  the  lodge  to  keep  the  elective  officers  in  place  for  two 
successive  years.  1879  — H.  D.  Donovan,  W.  M.;  Algernon  M.  Roak,  S.  W. ; 
Albert  R.  Savage,  J.  W.  June  24,  St  John's  day,  the  lodge  sent  a  large 
delegation  to  participate  in  the  grand  Masonic  celebration  held  at  Portland. 
1880-1881  — A.  M.  Roak,  W.  M.;  A.  R.  Savage,  S.  W. ;  E.  G.  Heath,  J.  W. 
February  19,  1881,  a  special  communication  was  called  to  conduct  the  funeral 
exercises  of  Worshipful  Brother  Augustus  Callahan,  Past  Master  of  this  lodge. 
Past  District  Deputy  Grand  Master,  and  later  a  member  of  Ashlar  Lodge, 
Lewiston.  His  Masonic  virtues  and  activity  were  great,  and  it  was  with 
intense  sorrow  that  the  sprig  of  acacia  was  planted  at  his  grave.  August  30 
a  number  of  the  members  went  to  Poland  Springs  to  assist  in  the  obsequies  of 
Robert  E.Campbell,  a  temporary  resident  at  the  Springs,  and  a  brother  Mason. 
1882  — Albert  R.  Savage,  W.  M.;  Elbridge  G.  Heath,  S.  W.;  Charles  E.  Darling, 
J.  W.  Brother  Liberty  H.  Hutchinson,  a  young  man  of  brilliant  attainments, 
this  year  was  called  to  the  Grand  Lodge  above.  1883-1884 — -Elbridge  G. 
Heath,  VV.  M. ;  Charles  E.  Darling,  S.  W.;  W.  Freeman  Lord,  J.  W.  August 
3, 18S4,  a  large  number  from  this  lodge  joined  Lewiston  Commandery  in  con- 
ducting the  funeral  rites  of  lirother  Warren  Ward,  a  worthy  and  much 
resijected  brother.  This  year  were  also  attended  two  other  funerals  of  worthy 
brethren:  William  Haskell  (November  7)  and  Charles  E.Smith  (November  18), 
while  close  following  thes^,  January  29,  the  lodge  bore  Brother  Charles  T. 
Davis  to  his  last  earthly  resting-place.  1885-1886  —  Charles  E.  Darling,  W.  M. ; 
W.  F.  Lord,  S.  W.;  Benjamin  F.  Metcalf,  J.  W.  March  29,  1885,  occurred 
the  funeral  of  Brother  Ansel  L.  Lombard,  formerly  the  treasurer  of  the  lodge. 
April  30  the  lodge  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  Brother  Joseph  Littlefield, 
for  many  years  identified  with  the  growth  and  activity  of  the  lodge,  and  to 
carry  his  remains  to  the  grave.  June  7  Dr  R.  F.  Harlow,  an  old  and 
prominent  Mason,  was  buried.  June  18  the  oldest  member,  Robert  Martin, 
a  very  enthusiastic  and  valued  Mason,  was  buried.  His  apron,  on  which  the 
Masonic  emblems  were  carefully  painted  and  which  he  wore  from  the  time  he 
was  "made  a  Mason,"  was  presented  to  the  lodge  after  his  death,  and  now, 
appropriately  framed,  hangs  in  the  lodge  room,  a  cherished  souvenir  and 
ornament. 

January  20,  1887,  Brother  Jacob  Robie  was  buried  under  the  auspices  of 
the  lodge.  1887-1888  — W.  F.  Lord,  W.  M.;  B.  F.  Metcalf,  S.  W.;  Everett  M. 
Stevens,  J.  W.  December  28  Brother  J.  Q.  A.  Atwood  received  Masonic 
burial  by  the  lodge.  October  23  the  lodge  attended  the  funeral  of  Brother 
Joseph  Nichols,  at  Lisbon.  September  6,  1888,  Brother  Jacob  B.  Ham  was 
buried,  one  of  the  oldest  members,  for  thirty-four  years  connected  with  this 
lodge  where  he  was  initiated.  He  filled  the  office  of  mayor  of  Lewiston  for 
the  first  two  terms.  December  13  Brother  Rodney  F.  Foss,  a  Past  Master  and 
an  active  working  member,  was  buried.     1889  — B.  F.  Metcalf,  W.  M.;  E.  M. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  215 

Stevens,  S.  W.;  Henry  H.  Hanson,  J.  W.  The  lease  of  the  lodge-room  expir- 
ing, the  tliird  story  of  the  new  Savings  Bank  Block  was  especially  fitted  up 
for  a  Masonic  hall  and  leased  for  twenty  years.  For  its  size  it  is  the  finest  and 
best  hall  in  Maine.  It  is  occupied  and  jointly  owned  by  Tranquil  Lodge, 
Ancient  Brothers  Lodge,  and  Bradford  Chapter,  and  was  dedicated  by  the 
officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  June  24,  1889. 

The  officers  elected  for  1891  were:  E.  M.  Stevens,  W.  M.;  George  B. 
Attwood,  S.  W.;  Harry  L.  Haskell,  J.  W.;  A.  M.  Roak,  treasurer;  J.  F. 
Atwood,  secretary;  D.  W.  Verrill,  trustee  for  Masonic  Association.  The 
reports  were  very  satisfactory  to  the  members,  showing  the  lodge  to  be  in  a 
prosperous  condition,  financially  and  otherwise. 

The  masters  from  the  first  have  been  (in  order  of  service) :  Oliver  Pollard, 
Alden  Blossom,  Joseph  Keith,  Oliver  Pollard,  William  l^ickford,  George  W. 
Chase  (elected  G.  W.  in  1849),  Josiah  Little,  Jr,  Augustus  Callahan,  S.  H. 
Wilson,  George  A.  Gordon,  A.  Callahan,  J.  P.  Fessenden,  S.  H.  Wilson,  O.  H. 
Maxwell,  George  S.  Woodman,   N.  W.  Button,  W.  M.  Emerson,  R.  F.  Foss, 

A.  C.  Pray  (died  in  office),  George  McClure,  G.  S.  Woodman,  George  C.  Wing, 
John  B.  Jordan,  H.  D.  Donovan,  Algernon  M.  Roak,  Albert  R.  Savage, 
Elbridge  G.  Heath,  Charles  E.  Darling,  W.  F.  Lord,  B.  F.  Metcalf,  E.  M. 
Stevens. 

Tranquil  Lodge  has  contributed  liberally  to  the  formation  of  many  of  the 
lodges  of  the  county,  while  she  is  numerously  represented  in  the  higher 
Masonic  bodies,  hi  the  pcr^^ontwl  of  its  membership,  in  the  character  of  its 
work,  and  in  the  liberality  of  its  charity  it  is  second  to  no  other  lodge,  and  the 
statement  below  is  as  true  now  as  when  Brother  Martin  wrote  it  in  1870  : 
"Not  only  has  every  needy  call  from  a  distressed  worthy  brother  been  promptly 
answered,  but  objects  of  charity,  whether  brethren,  widows,  or  orphans,  have 
been  sought  out  and  generously  supplied  from  the  funds  of  the  lodge,  and  also 
by  private  contribution." 

Ancient  Brothers  Loth/e,  iV(>.  17S,  Anhurn,  F.  <|'  A.  31.^  ^  was  granted  a 
dispensation  by  M.  W.  Albert  Moore,  G.  M.,  dated  June  25,  1875,  with  these 
officers:  Samuel  O.  Wood,  W.  M. ;  Albert  M.  Penley,  S.  W.;  and  Marcellus 

B.  Preble,  J.  W.  After  working  under  dispensation  for  one  year,  and 
initiating  fourteen  candidates,  a  charter  was  granted,  dated  May  4,  1870,  with 
the  following  charter  members:  Forest  E.  Bisbee,  George  H.  Brown,  DeWitt 

C.  Chase,  Lewis  A.  Cobb,  Francis  Corson,  C.  B.  Eaton,  Enoch  Perkins,  George 
Parker,  Isaac  S.  Robinson,  Edwin  T.  Stevens,  Andrew  M.  Peables,  Milton  J. 
Loring,  Nathaniel  M.  Neal,  Samuel  O.  Wood,  H.  A.  Wallingford,  Albert  M. 
Penley,  M.  B.  Preble,  James  W.  Peables,  Albion  G.  Smith. 

At  a  special  communication,  held  in  Masonic  Hall,  in  Auburn,  June  15, 
1876,  the  following  representatives  of  the  Grand  Lodge  were  present:    Most 

1  By  L.  A.  Cobb. 


216  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Worshipful  Albert  Moore,  G.  M.;  Right  Worshipful  William  J.  Burnham  as 
D.  G.  M.;  Right  Worthy  Fessenden  I.  Day  as  S.  G.  W.;  Worshipful  A.  M. 
Larrabee  as  J.  G.  W.;  Worshipful  W.  W.  Sanborn  as  G.  Treas. ;  Worshipful 
George  A.  Callahan  as  G.  Sec;  Worshipful  H.  E.  Morriscy  as  G.  S.  D.; 
Worshipful  C.  H.  Jumper  as  G.  J.  D.;  Right  Worshipful  Warren  Phillips,  G. 
Tyler.  The  lodge  was  then  formally  constituted  and  the  following  ofifioers 
were  duly  installed  by  the  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master:  Samuel  O.  Wood, 
W.  M.;  Albert  M.  Penley,  S.  W.;  M.  B.  Preble,  J.  W.;  Nathaniel  M.  Neal, 
treasurer;  Edwin  T.  Stevens,  secretary;  G.  M.  Atkins,  chaplain;  J.  W. 
Peables,  M.;  M.  J.  Loring,  S.  D. ;  F.  E.  Bisbee,  J.  D.;  L.  L.  Hersey,  S.  S.; 
C.  H.  Parker,  J.  S.;  Charles  E.  Johnson,  tyler.  At  the  annual  communication, 
held  October  5,  1876,  the  lodge  elected:  A.  M.  Penley,  W.  M.;  M.  J.  Loring, 
S.  W.;  George  Parker,  J.  W.;  N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  E.  T.  Stevens,  secretary; 
and  at  the  annual  communication,  held  October  16,  1877,  the  same  officers 
were  re-elected. 

At  the  annual  communication  held  October  15,  1878,  the  following  were 
elected:  M.  J.  Loring,  W.  M.;  G.  M.  Atkins,  S.  W.;  John  T.  Hale,  J.  W.; 
N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  E.  T.  Stevens,  secretary.  At  the  annual  communica- 
tion held  October  21,  1870,  the  same  officers  were  re-elected.  At  the  annual 
communication,  held  October  19,  1880,  the  following  officers  were  elected: 
George  Parker,  W.  M.;  John  T.  Hale,  S.  W.;  Isaac  S.  Robinson,  J.  W. ;  N.  M. 
Neal,  treasurer ;  E.  T.  Stevens,  secretary.  At  the  annual  communication  held 
October  18,  1881,  elected:  N.  M.  Neal,  W.  M. ;  L  S.  Robinson,  S.  W. ;  C.  H. 
Parker,  J.  W.;  E.  O.  Wells,  treasurer;  E.  T.  Stevens,  secretary.  At  the 
annual  communication  held  October  17,  1882,  elected:  Isaac  S.  Robinson,  W. 
M.;  C.  H.  Parker,  S.  W.;  G.  M.  Atkins,  J.  W.;  N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  E.  T. 
Stevens,  secretary.  A  special  meeting  of  the  lodge  was  called  December  25 
to  attend  the  funeral  of  Isaac  S.  Robinson,  Master  of  the  lodge.  At  the  next 
regular  meeting  suitable  resolutions  were  adopted  and  the  secretary  instructed 
to  inscribe  a  page  of  the  records  to  his  memory.  At  the  annual  communica- 
tion held  October  16,  1883,  elected:  Lionel  O.  Brackett,  W.  M. ;  G.  M. 
Atkins,  S.  W. ;  H.  B.  Sawyer,  J.  W.;  N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  E.  T.  Stevens, 
secretary.  At  the  annual  communication  held  October  21,  1884,  the  officers 
were  re-elected  with  the  exception  of  Brother  E.  T.  Stevens,  who,  having 
served  as  secretary  of  the  lodge  since  its  organization,  declined  a  re-election, 
and  Walter  H.  Jolnison  was  elected.  At  the  annual  communication  held 
October  20,  1885,  elected:  Orrel  Brown,  W.  M. ;  J.  H.  Litchfield,  S.  W.; 
Benjamin  R.  Irish,  J.  W.;  N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  L.  A.  Cobb,  secretary.  At 
the  annual  communication  held  October  19,  1886,  the  same  officers  were 
re-elected.  At  the  annual  communication  held  October  18,  1887,  elected:  J. 
H.  Litchfield,  W.  M.;  H.  L.  Gurney,  S.  W.;  M.  P.  Buchanan,  J.  W.;  N.  M. 
Neal,  treasurer;    J^.  A.  Cobb,  secretary.     At  the  annual  communication  held 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  217 

October  16,  1888,  re-elected  the  officers  of  the  previous  year.  At  the  annual 
communication  held  October  15,  1889,  elected:  Herbert  L.  (Jurney,  W.  M.; 
M.  Perry  Buchanan,  S.  W.;  C.  S.  Stevens,  J.  W. ;  N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  L. 
A.  Cobb,  secretary.  At  the  annual  communication  held  October  21,  1890, 
elected:  Herbert  L.  Gurney,  W.  M.;  M.  Perry  Buchanan,  S.  W.;  Clarence  A. 
Chase,  J.  W.;  N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  L.  A.  Cobb,  secretary.  A  public  instal- 
lation was  held  in  Masonic  Hall,  Tuesday,  November  18,  and  the  above  officers 
were  installed  by  M.  W.  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  P.  G.  M.,  assisted  by  M.  W.  Fes- 
senden  I.  Day  as  Grand  Marshal,  and  R.  W.  William  J.  Burnham  as  Grand 
Chaplain . 

Of  the  20  charter  members  13  are  at  present  members,  three  have  died,  and 
four  have  left  the  lodge.  In  addition  to  its  charter  members  the  lodge  has 
gained  78  by  initiation  and  11  by  dimit,  making  the  whole  number  on  its  books 
109.  It  has  lost  by  death,  dimits,  and  other  causes,  19.  Its  present  member- 
ship (November,  1890,)  is  90.  The  meetings  are  well  attended,  and  a  good 
degree  of  interest  is  manifested  by  the  brethren  in  the  advancement  of  masonry 
and  the  prosperity  of  the  lodge. 

Bradford  CJiapter,  No.  38^  R.  A.  M.^  —  This  body  began  its  existence  as 
Auburn  Chapter  under  a  dispensation  granted  May  17,  1874,  to  Companions 
George  S.  Woodman,  Rodney  F.  Foss,  Joseph  Littlefield,  Charles  B.  Merrill, 
Robert  M.  Sykes,  Levi  W.  Sanborn,  Myron  W.  Jones,  George  B.  Stevens, 
Samuel  O.  Wood,  Henry  D.  Donovan,  Cyrus  Hall,  Albert  M.  Penley,  Charles 
C.  Keith,  S.  E.  Wentworth,  Milton  J.  Loring,  Daniel  E.  Hall,  Charles  B. 
Eaton,  Albert  W.  Larrabee,  Isaac  S.  J\obinson,  Daniel  F.  Bean,  and  Edwin  M. 
Leavitt.  Horace  H.  Burbank,  Grand  High  Priest,  apjjointed  Companion 
George  S.  AVoodman  the  first  High  Priest,  Companion  Rodney  F.  Foss  the 
first  King,  and  Companion  Joseph  Littlefield  the  first  Scribe.  May  18  the 
companions  assembled  at  the  probate  court  room  in  Auburn,  and  a  chapter  of 
Royal  Arch  Masons  was  opened.  Present,  M.  E.  George  S.  Woodman,  H.  P.; 
E.  Rodney  F.  Foss,  King;  E.  Joseph  Littlefield,  Scribe;  Companions  C.  B. 
Merrill,  E.  M.  Leavitt,  L.  W.  Sanborn,  A.  W.  Larrabee,  J.  S.  Robinson,  C.  B, 
Eaton,  A.  M.  Penley,  and  S,  O.  Wood.  The  dispensation  was  read  by  the 
H.  P.  and  accepted.  The  M.  E.  H.  P.  appointed  C/ompanions  S.  O.  Wood, 
C.  of  H.;  George  B.  Stevens,  P.  S. ;  A.  M.  Penley,  R.  A.  C;  E.  M.  Leavitt, 
treasurer;  C.  B.  Merrill,  secretary;  D.  F.  Bean,  M.  3d  V.;  H.  D.  Donovan, 
M.  2d  v.;  C.  B.  Eaton,  M.  1st  V.;  C.  C.  Keith,  Sent.  Companions  Leavitt, 
Robinson,  and  Foss  were  chosen  to  procure  a  room  for  meetings,  Companions 
Donovan,  Merrill,  and  Foss  to  prepare  by-laws,  and  Companions  Larrabee, 
Wood,  and  Stevens  to  procure  furniture  and  regalia.  Voted  that  the  stated 
convocations  be  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  each  month. 

A  stated  convocation  was  held  June  2,  1874.     Petitions  for  degrees  were 

1  By  Algernon  M.  Roak,  P.  H.  P. 


218  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

received  from  brothers  Algernon  M.  Roak,  James  W.  Peables,  Abram  Atwood, 
John  B.  Jordan,  John  Pickard,  Henry  Little,  George  C.  Wing,  Samuel  F. 
Merrill,  Ansel  L.  Lombard,  George  W.  Curtis,  Andrew  M.  Peables,  Benjamin 
F.  Sturgis.  Later  all  were  elected  to  the  degrees.  Tranquil  Lodge  offered 
the  free  use  of  its  rooms  to  the  chapter,  while  working  under  dispensation, 
and  it  was  voted  to  accept  the  offer.  August  27  the  first  work  was  done, 
Algernon  M.  Koak,  James  W.  Peables,  and  Abram  Atwood  being  advanced 
to  the  honorary  degree  of  Mark  Master  Mason.  February  9,  1875,  a  con- 
vocation was  called  to  confer  the  Mark  Master's,  Past  Master's,  and  Most 
Excellent  Master's  degrees.  Li  the  evening  the  Hoyal  Arch  degree  was 
conferred.  M.  E.  Horace  H.  Burbank,  Grand  High  Priest,  in  his  ofificial 
capacit}^  reviewed  the  work,  and  expressed  himself  as  much  pleased.  There 
was  present  a  large  representation  from  King  Hiram  and  other  chapters.  It 
was  voted  to  change  the  name  of  the  chapter  to  liradford.  At  the  annual 
session  of  the  Grand  Chapter,  May  4,  1875,  the  Grand  High  Priest,  in  his 
communication,  said: 

February  9,  1874,  I  iii^pected  the  work  in  all  the  degrees,  and  with  pleasure  report  it 
eminently  satisfactory.  Accuracy,  deliberation,  and  dignity  characterized  the  entire 
ceremonies.  Their  large  and  elegant  hall  with  its  suitable  appointments,  the  specimens  of 
their  skill,  their  zealous  efforts  to  succeed,  all  afford,  abundant  evidence  that  with  a 
charter  they  would  do  credit  to  themselves  and  honor  to  the  Grand  Chapter. 

The  charter  was  granted  May  5, 1875,  as  Bradford  Chapter,  No.  38,  to  take 
rank  and  precedence  from  May  7, 1874.  June  1, 1875,  the  companions  who  had 
signed  the  petition  assembled  to  accept  the  charter,  and  to  elect  officers.  The 
chapter  was  constituted  by  M.  E.  Henry  L.  Paine,  Grand  High  Priest;  Joseph 
M.  Hayes,  Grand  King;  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Grand  Scribe;  Warren  Phillips, 
Grand  Sentinel;  George  A.  Callahan  and  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  King  Hiram 
Chapter;  N.  Woodbury,  Somerset  Chapter;  F.  1.  Day,  St  Paul  Chapter.  The 
Grand  High  Priest  installed  the  officers:  George  S.  Woodman,  H.  P.;  Rodney 
F.  Foss,  King;  Joseph  Littlefield,  Scribe;  E.  L.  Leavitt,  Treasurer;  Charles  B. 
Merrill,  Secretary;  Samuel  ().  Wood,  C.  of  H.;  Albert  M.  Penley,  P.  S.; 
Henry  D.  Donovan,  R.  A.  C.;  C.  B.  Eaton,  M.  3d  V.;  D.  E.  Hall,  M.  2d  V.; 
L.  W.  Sanborn,  M.  1st  V.;  C.  C.  Keith,  Sentinel.  September  5,  1875,  Comp. 
Daniel  E.  Hall  died.  At  the  annual  convocation  in  Portland,  May  2, 1876,  the 
Grand  High  Priest  in  his  report  said: 

November  2  I  visited  this  chapter  and  inspected  work  on  the  R.  A.  degree,  which  was 
presented  in  a  manner  which  many  of  our  older  chapters  would  do  well  to  imitate. 

June  3, 187t),  the  annual  convocation  was  held.  Up  to  this  time  the  chapter 
had  exalted  thirty-two  companions.  The  following  were  elected  :  M.  E.  Rodney 
F.  Foss,  H.  P.;  Samuel  O.  Wood,  King;  Albert  M.  Penley,  Scribe ;  E.  M. 
Leavitt,  Treasurer;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Secretary;  R.  L.  Harlow,  C.  of  H.;  A.  M. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  219 

Roak,  P.  S. ;  J.  W.  Peables,  R.  A.  C,  and,  June  22,  were  installed  by  M.  E. 
George  S.  Woodman,  P.  H.  P.,  assisted  by  Companion  John  B.  Jordan  as 
Marshal.  March  6,  1877,  R.  E.  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Grand  Scribe,  officially  visited 
the  chapter.  June  5  the  annual  convocation  was  held.  During  the  year 
there  had  been  six  exaltations.  The  officers  elected  were :  M.  E.  Samuel  O. 
Wood,  H.  P. ;  Albert  M.  Penley,  King ;  R.  L,  Harlow,  Scribe  ;  E.  M.  Leavitt, 
Treasurer ;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Secretary  ;  A.  M.  Roak,  C.  of  H. ;  A.R.  Savage,  P.  S. ; 
B.  F.  Metcalf,  R.  A.  C.  July  19  P.  H.  P.  Augustus  Callahan,  assisted  by 
P.  H.  P.  George  S.  Woodman,  as  Grand  Marshal,  publicly  installed  the  officers. 
February  8,  1878,  R.  E.  Joseph  M.  Hayes,  D.  G.  H.  P.,  made  an  official  visit. 
There  were  also  present  M.  E.  John  W.  Ballou,  P.  G.  H.  P.;  R.  E.  F.  T. 
Faulkner,  Grand  King,  and  a  large  number  of  visiting  companions.  June  4, 
1878,  were  elected:  A.  M.  Penley,  H.  P.;  R.  L.  Harlow,  King;  A.  M.  Roak, 
Scribe  ;  A.  R.  Savage,  C.  of  H. ;  B.  F.  Metcalf,  P.  S. ;  W.  F.  Lord,  R.  A.  C. ; 
E.  M.  Leavitt,  Treas. ;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Sec,  who,  June  19,  were  publicly  installed 
by  R.  E.  Jos.  A.  Locke,  Grand  Scribe,  assisted  by  F.  I.  Day,  P.  H.  P.,  as 
Marshal.  March  12,  1879,  R.  E.  Comp.  Locke  again  visited  the  chapter  when 
the  Royal  Arch  degree  was  conferred.  In  his  report  to  the  Grand  Chapter, 
May,  1879,  he  said  : 

The  officers  of  this  chapter  are  determined  not  to  be  excelled,  and  the  large  attend- 
ance showed  that  the  companions  as  well  as  the  officers  felt  a  deep  Interest  in  the  welfare 
and  good  name  of  their  chapter. 

Right  Eminent  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Grand  King,  and  visitors  from  King  Hiram 
St  Paul,  Keystone,  Androscoggin,  Jerusalem,  and  Turner  cliapters  were  also 
present.  June  3, 1879,  were  elected:  Comp.  R.  L.  Harlow,  H.  P.;  A.  M.  Roak, 
King;  A.  R.  Savage,  Scribe;  B.  F.  Metcalf,  C.  of  H.;  W.  F.  Lord,  P.  S ;  J.  F. 
Atwood,  R.  A.  C. ;  George  C.  Wing,  Treas.;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Sec.  June  17  P. 
H.  P.  A.  M.  Penley,  assisted  by  P.  H.  P.  George  S.  Woodman  as  Marshal,  pub- 
licly installed  the  officers.  After  the  installation  a  banquet  was  served.  June 
1,  1880,  were  elected:  A.  M.  Roak,  H.  P.;  A.  R.  Savage,  King;  B.  F.  Metcalf, 
Scribe;  George  C.  Wing,  Treas.;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Sec;  W.  F.  Lord,  C.  of  H. ; 
J.  F.  Atwood,  P.  S.;  C.  E.  Libby,  R.  A.  C.  July  6  P.  H.  P.  R.  L.  Harlow, 
with  the  assistance  of  P.  H.  P.  Geo.  S.  Woodman  as  Marshal,  publicly  installed 
the  officers.  After  the  installation  refreshments  were  served.  January  4, 
1881,  the  committee  appointed  to  present  resolutions  on  the  death  of  Comp. 
Charles  B.  Eaton,  reported  this  among  others:  ^'' Me  solved,  That  in  the  death 
of  Companion  Eaton  this  chapter  has  lost  a  worth}''  member,  —  who,  as  one  of 
its  charter  members,  labored  hard  for  its  success,  —  his  widow,  a  kind  husband, 
and  the  state  a  good  citizen."  March  8,  1881,  M.  E.  Jos.  M.  Hayes,  G.  H.  P., 
made  his  official  visit.     In  his  report  he  said: 

I  visited  Bradford  Chapter,  No.  38,  Auburn,  and  witnessed  work  in  the  Royal  Arch 
degree.     This  chapter,  although  young,  is  one  that  will  rank  high,  for  its  officers  are 


220  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


interested  in  its  welfare,  are  accurate  ritualists,  and  appreciate  the  spirit  of  the  text.  The 
work  presented  would  have  been  creditable  for  any  chapter. 

June  7,  1881,  were  elected:  A.  R.  Savage,  H.  P.;  B.  F.  Metcalf,  King;  W. 

F.  Lord,  Scribe;  J.  F.  Atwood,  C.  of  H.;  C.  E.  Libby,  P.  S.;  E.  G.  Thompson, 
R.  A.  C;  Geo.  C.  Wing,  Treas.;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Sec.  June  14  the  officers  were 
publicly  installed  by  A.  M.  Roak,  P.  H.  P.,  assisted  by  A.  M.  Penley,  P.  H.  P., 
as  Grand  Marshal.  April  4,  1882',  R.  E.  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  D.  G.  H.  P.,  made 
his  official  visit.     In  his  report  he  said: 

I  visited  Bradford  Chapter  at  Auburn  and  witnessed  work  in  the  M.  M.  M.  degree.  The 
oflScers  and  many  of  the  members  showed  a  very  commendable  zeal  to  ascertain  what  is  the 
correct  wording  of  the  ritual.     The  chapter  is  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

June  G,  1882,  these  officers  were  elected:  B.  F.  Metcalf,  H.  P.;  W.  F. 
Lord,  King;  J.  F.  Atwood,  Scribe;  C.  E.  Libby,  C.  of  H.;  H.  G.  Foss,  P.  S. ; 
E.  G.  Heath,  R.  A.  C.;  George  C.  Wing,  Treas.;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Sec;  and 
June  29  they  were  publicly  installed  by  A.  R.  Savage,  P.  H.  P.,  assisted 
by  A.  M.  Roak,  P.  H.  P.,  as  Marshal.  March  27,  1883,  R.  E.  Manley  G. 
Trask,  Grand  King,  made  his  official  visit.     In  his  report,  he  said: 

I  visited  Bradford  Chapter  at  Auburn,  and  witnessed  most  excellent  work  on  the 
M.  E.  M.  degree.     The  officers  displayed  a  thorough  knowledge  of  their  several  parts. 

June  5,  1883,  the  following  were  elected:  W.  F.  Lord,  H.  P.;  J.  F. 
Atwood,  King  ;  C.  E.  Libby,  Scribe ;  H.  G.  Foss,  C.  of  H. ;  E.  G.  Heath, 
P.  S. ;  L.  O.  Brackett,  R.  A.  C. ;  Geo.  C.  Wing,  Treas. ;  C.  B.  Merrill,  Sec. 
June  12  the  officers  were  publicly  installed  by  A.  M.  Roak,  P.  XL  P.,  assisted  by 
A.  M.  Penley,  P.  H.  P.,  as  Marshal.  March  4, 1884,  resolutions  were  adopted  to 
the  memory  of  our  late  companion,  Marcellus  B.  Preble.  April  22  M.  E.  Frank 
E.  Sleej)er,  G.  H.  P.,  made  his  official  visit.     Li  his  report,  he  said: 

I  visited  Bradford  Chapter  at  Auburn.  Three  candidates  were  exalted.  The  chapter 
has  done  a  large  amount  of  work  during  the  year,  and  I  judge  from  the  specimens  of  skill 
exhibited  at  the  time  of  my  visit,  it  has  been  well  done. 

June  3,  1884,  the  following  officers  were  elected:  J.  F.  Atwood,  H.  P.; 
C.  E.  Libby,  King;  H.  G.  Foss,  Scribe;  E.  G.  Heath,  C.  of  H. ;  L.  O. 
Brackett,  P.  S. ;  L.  W.  Haskell,  R.  A.  C.;  Geo.  C^  Wing,  Treas.;  L.  Linn 
Small,  Sec.  They  were  installed  July  1  by  W.  F.  Lord,  P.  H.  P.,  assisted  by 
A.  M.  Penley,  P.  H.  P.,  as  Marshal.  September  2  resolutions  were  adopted  in 
memory  of  Comp.  Warren  Ward,  who  died  August  1,  1884.  February  3, 
1885,  resolutions  were  reported  to  the  memory  of  Comp.  Charles  E.  Smith, 
who  died    November   15,  1884.      March    31,  1885,  M.  E.  Frank    E.  Sleeper, 

G.  IL  P.,  made  his  official  visit.     Li  his  report,  he  said: 

March  31,  I  visited  Bradford  Chapter  at  Aubm-n.  The  Royal  Arch  degree  was  conferred 
in  accordance  with  the  standard  ritual,  and  in  a  very  correct  manner.     The  High  Priest 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  221 

and  several  of  his  companions  are  thorough  ritualists,  and  have  labored  hard  to  bring  the 
work  to  a  high  state  of  proficiency  in  which  they  have  well  succeeded.  The  records  are 
nicely  kept,  and  the  chapter  is  prospering. 

June  2,  1885,  these  officers  were  elected:  C.  E.  Libby,  H.  P.;  H.  G.  Foss, 
King;  E.  G.  Heath,  Scribe;  L.  O.  Brackett,  C.  H. ;  L.  W.  Haskell,  P.  S.; 
H.  W.  Hutchins,  R.  A.  C. ;  Geo.  (-.  Wing,  Treas. ;  L.  Linn  Small,  Sec.  July  16 
the  officers  were  installed  by  M.  E.  J.  F.  Atwood,  P.  H.  P.,  assisted  by  W.  F. 
Lord  as  Marshal.  August  4  resolutions  were  adopted  on  the  death  of  Conip. 
Ansel  L.  Lombard.  February  19,  1886,  R.  E.  Henry  R.  Taylor,  D.  D.  G.  H.  P. 
made  his  official  visit.  In  his  report  he  said:  "I  visited  Bradford  Royal  Arch 
Chapter  at  Auburn,  and  witnessed  work  in  the  R.  A.  degree,  which  was  very 
correctly  done."  June  1,  1886,  were  elected :  H.  G.  Foss,  H.  P. ;  E.  G.  Heath, 
King;  Geo.  C.  Wing,  Treas.;  L.  Linn  Small,  Sec.  July  6  the  officers  were 
installed  by  M.  E.  Chas  E.  Libby,  assisted  by  Ex.  A.  M.  Roak  as  G.  C.  of  H. 
February  8,  1887,  R.  PI  Chas  I.  Collamore,  Grand  Scribe,  made  his  official 
visit.  In  his  report  he  said:  "At  Auburn  I  saw  the  R.  A.  degree  conferred. 
The  work  was  performed  in  an  impressive  manner.  This  chapter  is  in  good 
condition."  March  1  resolutions  were  presented  on  the  death  of  Comp.  Jacob 
Robie.  June  7  the  following  were  elected:  E.  G.  Heath,  H.  P.;  H.  Wesley 
Hutchins,  King;  Henry  H.  Hanson,  Scribe;  Geo.  S.  Woodman,  Treas.;  A.  M. 
Roak,  Sec. ;  and  July  5,  they  were  installed  by  M.  E.  H.  G.  Foss,  assisted  by 
W.  F.  Lord  as  Grand  Captain  of  Host.  April  3, 1888,  M.  E.  James  M.  Nevens, 
G.  H.  P.,  made  his  official  visit  and  reported: 

April  .3  I  made  my  oflBcial  visit  to  Bradford  Chapter,  and  witnessed  work  in  the  R.  A. 
degree.  The  officers  were  all  new  in  their  stations,  and  this  was  the  first  time  that  they 
had  worked  the  degree,  yet  it  was  very  well  presented. 

June  5  the  following  were  elected:  H.  Wesley  Hutchins,  H.  P.;  Henry 
H.  Hanson,  King;  Geo.  B.  Attwood,  Scribe;  Geo.  S.  Woodman,  Treas.;  A.  M. 
Roak,  Sec.  July  3  the  officers  were  installed  by  R.  E.  A.  M.  Penley,  assisted 
by  E.  G.  Heath  as  Grand  C.  of  H.  April  30,  1880,  M.  E.  Geo.  W.  Goulding, 
G.  H.  P.,  made  his  official  visit.     In  his  report  he  said: 

Bradford  Chapter,  in  the  beautiful  city  of  Auburn,  was  visited  by  me  April  30.  The 
Eoyal  Arch  degree  was  worked  to  my  entire  satisfaction.  Twelve  exaltations  during  the 
year  with  several  applications  pending  will  give  an  idea  of  its  condition. 

June  5  were  elected:  Henry  H.  Hanson,  H.  P.;  Geo.  B.  Attwood,  King; 
E.  H.  Hutchins,  Scribe ;  Geo.  S.  Woodman,  Treas. ;  A.  M.  Roak,  Sec.  August  6 
the  officers  were  installed  b}'^  R.  E.  A.  M.  Penley,  assisted  by  Chas  E.  Libby  as 
G.  C.  of  A.  March  4,  1890,  R.  E.  Judson  B.  Dunbar,  Grand  Scribe,  made  an 
official  visit.  June  3  these  officers  were  chosen:  Geo.  B.  Attwood,  H.  P.; 
E.  H.-  Hutchins,    King;  L.  O.  Brackett,  Scribe;  Geo.  S.  Woodman,    Treas.; 


222  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


A.  M.  Roak,  Sec.  They  were  installed  July  1  by  Henry  H.  Hanson,  assisted 
by  n.  E.  A.  M.  Penley  as  G.  C.  of  H.  The  officers  for  1891  are:  E.  H. 
Hutchins,  H.  P.;  L.  O.  Brackett,  King;  E.  L.  Philoon,  S. ;  Geo.  S.  Woodman, 
Treas.;  A.  M.  Roak,  Sec;  C.  A.  Ring,  C.  of  H.;  L.  O.  Morse,  P.  S. ;  M.  B. 
Watson,  R.  A.  C;  J.  F.  Atwood,  A.  M.  Penley,  D.  W.  Verrill,  Finance 
Committee ;  J.  F.  Atwood,  Trustee.  There  is  no  more  united  or  more  flourishing 
body  in  a  large  region ;  no  better  workers ;  nor  a  band  of  brothers  whose 
mutual  strivings  after  excellence  in  masonic  virtues  have  given  more  satisfactory 
results  than  has  been  the  case  with  our  highly  favored  brotherhood,  and  the 
prospect  seems  pleasant  in  the  future. 

Auhurn  Council  Princes  of  Jerusalem  was  instituted  at  Masonic  Hall  under 
a  dispensation  granted  April  12,  1888.  There  were  26  charter  members : 
Fessenden  I.  Day,  A.  M.  Penley,  Horace  C  Little,  Algernon  M.  Roak,  Wm 
J.  Burnham,  John  Garner,  A.  R.  Savage,  George  C.  Wing,  H.  W.  Hutchins, 
T.  J.  Miller,  Seth  D.  Wakefield,  M.  E.  D.  Bailey,  Fred  H.  White,  Charles  H. 
Jumper,  Frank  H.  Johnson,  Wm  Freeman  Lord,  C.  E.  Libby,  Elbridge  G. 
Heath,  J.  H.  Foss,  Frank  L.  Sleeper,  Charles  L.  Cushman,  Frank  T.  Faulkner, 
Joseph  H.  Stetson,  John  W.  Ballon,  D.  P.  Boynton,  John  B.  Cotton.  The 
first  meeting  was  held  June  28,  1888.  The  officers  then  appointed  and  elected 
are:  Fessenden  I.  Day,  M.-.  E.-,  S.-.  P.-.  Grand  Master;  Albert  M.  Penley, 
G.-.  H.-.  P.-.  Deputy  Grand  Master;  Horace  C.  Little,  M.-.  E.-.  S.-.  Grand 
Warden  ;  Algernon  M.  Roak,  M.-.  E.-.  J.-.  Grand  Warden;  William  J.  Burnham, 
Val.  Grand  Treas.;  Elbridge  G.  Heath,  Val.  Grand  Sec.  K.-.  of  S.-.  &  A.-.; 
Albert  R.  Savage,  Val.  Grand  M.-.  of  C.-. ;  John  B.  Cotton,  Val.  (ira.nd 
Almoner  ;  Wm  Freeman  Lord,  V.-.  G.-.  M.-.  of  E.-. ;  Charles  Libby,  Grand 
tyler.  The  regular  meetings  of  the  council  are  held  on  the  second  Thursdays 
of  January,  April,  July,  and  October,  at  Masonic  Hall,  Auburn.  Regular 
meetings  may  be  called  by  the  Grand  Master  to  meet  on  the  second  Thursday 
of  any  other  month.  November  9,  1888,  the  council  was  visited  by  Portland 
Council  P.  of  J.,  which  exemplified  the  work  for  the  new  council,  and  were 
entertained  at  a  banquet  provided  at  the  Elm  House.  The  number  of 
members,  March,  1891,  was  (36. 

iJichei/  Chapter^  I\<n<e  Croix,  A.  <f  A.  A.,  Scottish  Rite,  Auhurn,  was  organized 
at  Masonic  Hall,  under  a  dispensation  granted  January  5,  1891,  with  these 
charter  members:  Wm  J.  Burnham,  Albert  M.  Penley,  Fessenden  I.  Day, 
Algcniion  M.  Roak,  Wm  F.  Wood,  Charles  E.  Libby,  Wm  Freeman  Lord, 
Elbridge  G.  Heath,  Wm  D.  Pennell,  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Charles  E.  Philoon,  H. 
Wesley  Hutchins,  James  E.  Coombs,  Albert  R.  Savage,  George  C.  Wing,  Wm 
Chandler  Bearce,  Fred  H.  White,  Seth  D.  Wakefield,  Joseph  K.  Stetson,  Wm 
Parkin,  Samuel  Sylvester,  Daniel  Fessenden,  Frank  H.  Johnson,  John  Garner, 
Frank  S.  French,  H.  G.  Foss,  John  A.  Greenleaf,  Frank  E,  Sleeper,  M.  E.  D. 
Bailey,  Charles  L.  Cushman,  Horace  C.  Little,  Daniel  P.  Boynton,  Charles  H. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  223 

Miller.  The  first  regular  meeting  was  held  in  Masonic  Hall,  January  27,  1891. 
The  officers  for  1891  are:  Wm  J.  Buruham,  M.-.  W.-.  e^  P.-.  M.-.;  A.  M.  Penley, 
M.-.  E.-.  &  P.-.  K.-.  S.-.  W.-.;  F.  I.  Day,  M.-.  E.-.  &  P.-.  K.-.  J.-.  W.-.;  A.  M. 
Roak,  M.-.  E.-.  &  P.-.  K.-.  G.-.  ().-. ;  Wm  F.  Wood,  R.-.  &  1\-.  K.-.  T.-. ;  Charles 
E.  Libby,  R.-.  &  P.-.  K.-.  H.-.;  Wm  F.  Lord,  R.-.  &  P.-.  K.-.  M.-.  of  C.-.  ;  E.  G. 
Heath,  R.-.  &  P.-.  K.-.  S.-.  March  26,  1891,  the  work  was  rendered  by  the 
officers  of  Dunlap  Chapter  of  Rose  Croix  of  Portland,  and  the  following 
Valorous  Princes  received  the  degree  of  Knight  of  the  East  and  West,  17°, 
and  Knight  of  the  Eagle  and  Pelican :  Walter  E.  Plummer,  James  H.  Brewster, 
Albert  B.  Nealey,  Edwin  R.  Protheroe,  George  W.  Hutchins,  Melville  W. 
Manter,  George  B.  Bearce,  Arthur  G.  Staples,  H.  Bradford  Hayes,  Sylvester  S. 
Wright,  Willie  A.  Knight,  Augustus  A.  Waite,  Lavator  O.  Morse,  Ernest  W. 
Russell,  John  B.  Wise,  Harry  L.  Haskell,  James  II.  Eacott,  Samuel  Hibbert, 
Abram  Atwood,  James  F.  Atwood,  John  N.  Wood. 

Ashlar  Lodge.,  No.  105.,  F.  cf  A.  M..,  Leivuton.,  had  its  origin  in  a  meeting 
held  at  the  DeWitt  House,  October  24,  1860,  where  Jos.  Pearson  Gill, 
Jos.  P.  Fessendeu,  Samuel  W.  Kilvert,  David  Cowan,  Eli  Fernald,  J.  D. 
Rollins,  Nathaniel  J.  Jackson,  Isaac  J.  Carr,  Geo.  H.  Nye,  Carlos  Nudd,  Geo. 
W.  Wright,  A.  C.  Mitchell,  Wm  Skelton,  H.  H.  Dickey,  Wm  Knowlton,  A.  K. 
P.  Knowlton,  Uriah  Balkam,  Benjamin  I.  Leeds,  signed  a  petition  in  answer 
to  which  a  dispensation  was  granted  November  5,  1860,  by  Josiah  H.  Drum- 
mond,  Grand  Master,  to  the  petitioners  to  work  as  a  lodge  of  F.  &  A.  M.  He 
appointed  Jos.  Pearson  Gill  to  be  the  first  W.  M.,  Jos.  P.  Fessenden,  S.  W., 
and  Eli  Fernald,  J.  W.  The  other  officers  were  S.  W.  Kilvert,  Treas. ;  A.  K. 
P.  Knowlton,  Sec;  N.  J.  Jackson,  S.  D. ;  Wm  Knowlton,  J.  I).;  Wm  Skelton, 
S.  S.;  Geo.  H.  N3^e,  J.  S.;  Rev.  LIriah  Balkam,  Chap.;  David  Cowan, 
Marshal;  A.C.Mitchell,  Sentinel;  Carlos  Nudd,  Tyler.  The  young  lodge 
attracted  much  attention  from  Masons  and  had  many  visitors.  June  9,  1862,  an 
invitation  was  received  from  Portland  Lodge,  No.  1,  to  attend  the  centennial 
anniversary  in  that  city,  on  June  24,  which  was  accepted.  November  3,  the 
lodge  voted  "to  unite  with  King  Hiram  Chapter  in  hiring  the  floor  containing 
the  hall  in  Mr  Dingley's  building  on  Lisbon  street  at  -ij^lOO  per  year."     During 

1863  17  were  initiated.  January  17,  1864,  occurred  the  first  Masonic  funeral, 
conducted  by  the  lodge,  that  of  Josiah  Stimson.  December  27  a  special  com- 
munication was  held  to  attend  the  funeral  of  Brother  Wm  Knowlton.     During 

1864  43  petitions  were  received  and  21  initiated.  May  8,  1865,  the  lodge  gave 
a  vote  of  thanks  to  Bro.  Samuel  W.  Kilvert  for  the  present  of  an  altar.  (Jctober 
30  the  Lewiston  Masonic  Association  was  formed  by  Ashlar  Lodge,  King 
Hiram  Chapter,  Dunlap  Council,  and  Lewiston  Commandery.  By  January  1, 
1866,  the  record  of  the  annual  meeting  had  grown  to  several  pages,  showing 
the  growth  and  importance  of  the  lodge.  Ham  Brooks  and  Samuel  W. 
Kilvert  were  appointed  members  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  Ashlar  Lodge. 


224  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


April  23  a  communication  was  received  from  Charlottestown,  P.  E.  I.,  giving 
information  of  the  death  and  burial  of  Brother  Joseph  Covell.  January  14, 
1867,  the  secretary's  report  says:  "  There  have  been  22  admitted  to  membership 
during  the  year,  and  there  are  now  96  members.  One  brother  has  died,  J.  U. 
Parkinson.  The  amount  of  the  charity  fund  is  1399.86."  In  June  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  have  by-laws  printed.  October  23  the  lodge  attended  the 
funeral  of  Bro.  Noah  C.  Barnes.  January  6, 1868,  annual  meeting.  Seventeen 
have  joined  during  the  past  year,  35  communications  have  been  held,  and  the 
lodge  has  111  members.  The  charity  fund  has  risen  to  $508.16,  and  the 
treasurer  holds  in  cash  1530.  May  11  voted  to  place  the  procuring  of  another 
hall  in  the  hands  of  the  trustees.  July  28  attended  the  funeral  of  Bro.  A.  H. 
Small  of  Tranquil  Lodge.  November  30  R.  W.  Wm  J.  Burnham,  D.  D.  G.  M., 
made  the  lodge  an  official  visit.  December  28  a  petition  for  another  (new) 
lodge  in  Lewiston  was  presented  by  H.  H.  Dickey,  and  petitioners  were 
allowed  permission  to  present  it  to  the  Grand  Lodge  by  a  unanimous  vote. 
The  lodge  also  voted  to  allow  the  new  lodge  the  use  of  the  jewels  and  furniture 
of  Ashlar  Lodge  for  six  months.  January  25,  1869,  annual  meeting.  Seven- 
teen have  joined  during  the  year;  whole  number  of  members,  124;  amount 
of  charity  fund,  $614.69.  J.  P.  Gill,  A.  Callahan,  and  Wm  J.  Burnham  were 
continued  in  their  ver}^  useful  place  as  finance  committee.  Wm  J.  Burnham 
was  also  appointed  trustee  of  the  Masonic  Association. 

Januar}^  17,  1870,  was  held  the  first  annual  meeting  in  the  hall  in  Savings 
Bank  building.  The  lodge  voted  to  procure  new  regalia,  to  authorize  the  loan 
of  the  funds  of  the  lodge  to  the  trustees  of  the  Masonic  Association,  and  $1,000 
was  so  loaned,  also  $400  of  the  charity  fund.  The  officers  were  installed  Jan- 
uary 31,  by  R.  W.  Isaac  G.  Curtis,  D.  D.  G.  M.  April  25  R.  W.  I.  G.  Curtis, 
D.  D.  G.  M.,  made  an  official  visit.  October  3  a  committee  on  history  was 
appointed,  consisting  of  Brothers  John  F.  Putnam,  Augustus  Callahan,  and 
Wm  J.  Burnham.  January  2,  1871,  annual  meeting.  Ten  have  become 
members  during  the  year,  and  there  are  136  members.  The  lodge  has  a  fund 
of  $1,153.59  and  a  charity  fund  of  $788.41.  April  3  received  a  petition  from 
Bro.  Luther  Lombard  and  14  others  asking  permission  to  present  it  to  the 
Grand  Lodge  for  a  dispensation  for  a  lodge  at  Webster.  October  23  the  lodge 
by  vote  approved  of  the  action  of  the  treasurer  and  W.  M.  in  sending  $100  to 
the  sufferers  from  the  fire  in  Chicago.  This  was  sent  on  Tuesday  following 
the  fire  on  Sunday,  and  the  record  says:  "This  was  probably  the  first  remit- 
tance from  New  England  if  not  the  first  made  in  the  country."  The  same 
evening  the  lodge  received  a  novel  and  beautiful  present  from  Bro.  George  B. 
Moore  of  Brownsville,  Neb.,  of  the  square  and  compasses  tastefully  wrought 
in  wax,  which  now  ornaments  Masonic  Hall.  November  5  the  lodge  buried 
the  body  of  Bro.  L.  B.  Roys,  of  Miami  Lodge,  Cincinnati,  O.,  in  Riverside 
Cemetery,  with  Masonic  honors.     January  22,  1872,  annual  meeting.     Seven- 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  225 

teen  members  have  been  added  to  the  lodge  during  the  year,  making  a  total  of 
151.  March  18  intelligence  was  received  of  the  deaths  of  I>rothers  Stephen 
G.  Marden,  at  Palermo,  and  W.  H.  B.  Moore,  F.  C,  at  Rumford.  August  11 
attended  the  funeral  of  Bro.  A.  C.  Pray  of  Tranquil  Lodge.  Annual  meeting 
January  3,  1873.  Twelve  admitted  to  membership  during  the  year.  August 
29  attended  the  funeral  of  IJro.  J.  Frank  Pierce;  December  23  that  of  Bro. 
John  Neal.  March  G,  1874,  attended  the  funeral  of  Rev.  Uriah  Balkam,  a 
member  of  the  lodge,  buried  with  Masonic  rites.  April  27  a  communication 
from  the  Grand  Lodge  received,  ordering  the  altar  and  working  tools  of  the 
lodge  to  be  draped  witli  mourning  for  thirty  days,  as  a  token  of  respect  to  the 
two  Past  Grand  Masters  who  had  died  during  the  year  —  Freeman  Bradford 
and  Jolni  H.  Lynde.  June  24  assisted  in  the  dedication  of  the  new  Masonic 
hall  in  Auburn.  June  29  contributed  -flOO  to  the  Louisiana  sufferers. 
August  24  contributed  -^25  to  Cambridge  Lodge  to  aid  in  repairing  its  hall, 
damaged  by  a  tornado. 

January  18, 1875,  annual  meeting.  R.  W.  P\ancis  T.  Faulkner,  1).  D.  G.  M., 
was  present  in  an  official  capacity.  Nine  members  have  been  admitted  during 
the  year.  The  able  finance  committee-men,  who  have  so  long  served,  are 
continued  in  office,  and  Bro.  Wm  J.  Burnham  continued  trustee.  June  14 
granted  permission  to  have  a  dispensation  granted  to  Ancient  Brothers  Lodge 
to  be  formed  in  Auburn.  November  18  the  lodge  votes  its  thanks  to  Bro. 
John  N.  Wood  for  the  valuable  Bible  he  has  presented.  January  2,  1876,  a 
special  communication  was  held  in  connection  with  Rabboni  Lodge  for  the 
purpose  of  attending  the  funeral  of  Bro.  (^eo.  Hill,  of  Portland  Lodge,  No.  1. 
Annual  meeting  January  10.  The  treasurer  reports  the  amount  on  hand  to  be 
$1,505.34,  and  the  charity  fund  to  be  $1,441. 46.  Eight  members  have  been 
admitted  during  the  year.  March  6  a  committee  of  seven  was  appointed  to  visit 
and  supply  watchers  for  sick  brethren.  March  20  the  lodge  was  visited  by  R. 
W.  F.  T.  Faulkner,  ex-D.  D.  G.  M.,  and  R.  W.  F.  E.  Sleeper,  I).  D.  G.  M.,  of 
the  Fourteenth  Masonic  District,  and  officially  visited  by  R.  W.  F.  I.  Day, 
D.  D.  G.  M.  June  5  accepted  an  invitation  from  Ancient  Brothers  Lodge, 
U.  D.,  Auburn,  to  attend  the  constituting  and  dedicating  of  that  lodge. 
January  29,  1877,  annual  meeting.  Number  of  members,  174.  March  9  Bro. 
Geo.  C.  Leavitt  died  in  Wilton.  Lyman  O.  Goodwin  died  in  Salem,  Mass., 
July  30,  1877.  January  14  annual  meeting.  R.  W.  R.  Wesley  Dunn, 
D.  D.  G.  M.,  of  the  Twelfth  Masonic  District,  was  a  visitant.  The  death  of 
Bro.  Geo.  G.  Carlton,  at  Denver,  Col.,  was  reported  in  February,  1878.  Through 
the  efforts  of  ladies  interested  in  Masonry,  who  furnished  the  most  of  its  cost, 
an  organ  was  bought  and  S.  D.  Wood  made  organist.  The  officers  for  1879 
were  installed  publicly,  January  20,  by  R.  W.  Archie  L.  Talbot,  D.  G.  M., 
installing  officer,  assisted  by  R.  W.  Wm  J.  Burnham  as  Grand  Marshal. 
June  2  accepted  the  invitation  to  attend  the  Masonic  celebration  at  Portland, 


226  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


June  24,  which  was  attended,  and  a  fine  time  enjoyed.  June  30  the  thanks  of 
the  lodge  is  voted  to  several  benefactors.  November  23  a  connnunication  was 
received  from  the  (Irand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  announcing  the  death  of 
R.  W.  Bro.  Moses  Dodge,  Grand  Treasurer. 

January  26,  1880,  annual  meeting.  Nine  members  joined  daring  the  year. 
Installation  February  23,  1880,  was  conducted  by  R.  W.  Archie  L.  Talbot, 
D.  D.  G.  M.,  assisted  by  Wor.  Milton  J.  Loring,  W.  M.,  of  Ancient  Brothers 
Lodge,  Auburn,  as  Grand  Marshal.  April  26  the  funeral  of  Bro.  Elbridge 
L.  Flagg  was  attended.  1881  —  annual  meeting  January  10;  172  members 
reported.  The  officers  were  publicly  installed,  February  14,  by  R.  W.  Charles  R. 
Whitten,  D.  1).  G.  M.,  installing  officer,  assisted  by  R.  W.  Archie  Lee  Talbot, 
J.  G.  W.  The  ceremonies  were  succeeded,  as  has  been  usual  on  such  occasions, 
by  a  bountiful  banquet.  February  10  a  special  communication  was  called  to 
attend  the  funeral  of  W.  Bro.  Augustus  Callahan,  one  of  the  ablest  and  most 
honored  members  of  the  lodge,  who  had  done  great  service  in  various  official 
positions  on  the  finance  committee,  and  as  trustee  of  the  Masonic  Association. 
July  20  the  lodge  attended  the  funeral  of  Bro.  L  N.  Parker.  October  31  a 
contribution  was  sent  to  the  sufferers  from  the  forest  fires  in  Michigan. 
January  2, 1882,  annual  meeting.  Membership,  179;  admitted  during  the  year, 
six;  died,  two  —  A.  Callahan  and  Geo.  W.  Farr.  January  5,  1883,  attended 
the  funeral  services  of  Bro.  Simon  W.  Miller.  January  22  annual  meeting; 
186  members  reported.  The  finance  committee  report  the  lodge  entirely  out 
of  debt  with  a  balance  on  hand.  Public  installation  of  officers  February 
26,  by  R.  W.  A.  M.  Roak,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  who,  April  16,  officially  visited  the 
lodge.  Wm  Skelton  and  Samuel  W.  Kilvert,  charter  members,  and  John 
Jones  died  this  year.  1884  —  January  7,  annual  meeting;  191  members. 
March  5  Masonic  funeral  of  Bro.  Wm  Sheehan.  May  23  occurred  the  last 
rites  over  the  body  of  Bro.  H.  H.  Dickey,  P.  J.  G.  W.  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  a 
charter  member,  conducted  by  M.  W.  Josiah  H.  Drummond,  Grand  Master  of 
the  Grand  Lodge.  To  his  earnest  labors  much  of  the  prosperity  of  the  lodge 
is  due.  1885  —  annual  meeting  January  26.  The  lodge  voted  to  purchase 
crayon  portraits  of  Past  Masters  H.  H.  Dickey  and  Augustus  Callahan. 
Number  of  members,  201.  April  13  R.  W.  N.  U.  Hinkley,  D.  D.  G.  M., 
made  an  official  visit.  Masonic  burial  services  conducted  February  7,  1886, 
over  the  remains  of  Bro.  George  Washburn.  February  18  an  official  visit 
made  by  R.  W.  Lyman  L.  Jones,  D.  D.  G.  M.  April  4,  1887,  R.  W.  Geo.  S. 
Woodman,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  made  an  official  visit.  Officers  installed  publicly, 
February  15,  1888,  by  M.  W.  F.  E.  Sleeper,  Grand  Master.  August  26  a 
special  communication  was  called  to  bury  Bro.  Arthur  Sands  with  Masonic 
ceremonies.  This  year  the  trustees  increased  the  amount  of  crockery  so  as 
to  seat  100  guests.  This  crockery  is  made  for  the  lodge,  and  each  piece  is 
stamped  with  its  name.     June  23  the  lodge  conducted  the  funeral  services  of 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  227 

Bro.  George  A.  Haynes.  1890  —  officers:  Albert  Ring,  W.  M. ;  Henry  A. 
Torsey,  S.  W. ;  Frank  A.  Johnson,  J.  W.;  R.  C,  Pingree,  Treas. ;  Fred  I. 
Morrell,  Sec. ;  Wm  J.  Burnham,Chap. ;  W.  F.  Wood,  Marshal ;  A.  M.  Edwards, 
S.  D.;  H.  A.  Free,  J.  D.;  E.  P.  lirett,  S.  S.;  J.  F.  Pickermg,  J.  S.;  Wm 
Stevens,  Tyler.  Installed  publicly,  February  3,  by  R.  W.  F.  I.  Day,  P.  (i.  M. 
of  the  (Irand  Lodge.  During  tlie  installation  of  Bro.  Wm  J.  Burnham  the 
installing  officer  presented  to  him  on  behalf  of  the  lodge  an  elegant  Past 
Master's  jewel  "  as  a  slight  token  of  their  appreciation,  and  as  a  memento  of 
the  occasion  of  his  twentieth  appointment  as  chaplain."  Granville  L.  Cobb 
was  buried  with  Masonic  ceremonies  in  February.  April  20  the  lodge  conducted 
the  funeral  rites  of  Bro.  G.  Henry  Jordan,  of  Lisbon,  a  member  of  this  lodge. 
June  24  the  lodge  attended  the  Masonic  celebration  at  Portland.  June  2 
George  A.  Callahan,  having  been  appointed  Grand  Standard  Bearer  of  the 
Grand  Lodge,  was  duly  installed  by  the  W.  M.  Bro.  Geo.  I.  Avery  died  at 
Lisbon  in  July.  October  19  the  lodge  attended  the  funeral  of  Bro.  Linneus 
Cheetham.  1891  —  annual  meeting  January  19;  present  membership  189; 
charity  fund  $2,191.41;  lodge  fund  11,647.50.  Officers,  1891:  Albert  Ring, 
W.  M. ;  H.  A.  Torsey,  S.  W. ;  Frank  H.  Johnson,  J.  W.;  R.  C.  Pingree,  Treas.; 
P>ed  I.  Morrell,  Sec;  Wm  J.  Burnham,  Chap.;  Wm  F.  Wood,  S.  D.;  E.  P. 
Brett,  J.  D.;  J.  F.  Pickering,  S.  S.;  Geo.  W.  Belt,  J.  S.;  Wm  Stevens,  Tyler. 

During  the  thirty  years  of  its  existence  Ashlar  Lodge  has  admitted  319 
members,  and  ever  been  in  the  front  rank  of  Masonic  lodges  in  the  state. 
Its  membership  has  embraced  leading  citizens,  and  its  management  has  been  in 
wise  and  conservative  hands.  Its  finances  have  been  carefully  looked  after, 
and,  although  many  generous  donations  to  worthy  objects  and  brethren  have 
been  made,  they  speak  well  for  the  committee  having  them  in  charge. 
Commencing  a  new  decade  of  life  with  nearly  200  members  and  in  prosperous 
circumstances,  its  future  promises  to  be  as  useful  as  has  been  its  past.  The 
masters  have  been  J.  P.  Gill,  H.  H.  Dickey,  W.  J.  Burnham,  I.  G.  Curtis, 
Denison  Harden,  I.  C.  Downes,  A.  E.  Frost,  W.  W.  Sanborn,  George  H. 
Benson,  F.  B.  Sands,  J.  H.  Fisher,  J.  Q.  A.  Jumper,  Fred  I.  Morrell,  Hiram 
Morrell,  C.  H.  Jumper,  Albert  Ring.  The  trustees  of  the  lodge  in  the  Masonic 
Association  from  the  first  have  been  Wm  J.  Burnham,  H.  H.  Dickey,  F.  B. 
Sands.  R.  C.  Pingree  has  been  treasurer  since  1873  when  he  succeeded  H.  H. 
Dickey. 

Rahhoni  Lodge.,  No.  150.,  F.  ^  A.  M.,  had  its  origin  in  a  petition  signed  by 
F'.  Bradford,  A.  Callahan,  J.  Pearson  Gill,  H.  H.  Dickey,  Thomas  Tash,  F.  O. 
Sands,  S.  W.  Butterfield,  Chas  A.  Coombs,  David  Cowan,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton, 
F.  I.  Day,  Peter  Morriscy,  T.  H.  Longley,  W.  W.  Sanborn,  Geo.  I.  Parker, 
J.  K.  Piper,  John  M.  Small,  Isaac  R.  Knowlton,  Milan  Graves,  T.  M.  Varney, 
Chas  Millett,  James  Wrigley,  F.  P.  Weymouth,  Geo.  H.  Benson,  A.  F. 
Sanborn,  C.  O.  Freeman,  Chas  A.  Norcross,  J.  W.  Perkins,  John  Given,  Thos 


228  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


B.  Norris,  E.  P.  Tobie,  Jr,  John  N.  Wood,  John  W.  Farwell,  O.  S.  Brown, 
H.  H.  Williams,  Geo.  O.  Durgin,  Kicliard  Skelton,  and  A.  N.  Tracy,  which 
Ashlar  Lodge  gave  the  petitioners  leave  to  present  to  the  Grand  Master, 
December  28,  1868.  The  petitioners  asked  for  a  dispensation  to  allow  them 
to  meet  as  a  Masonic  lodge  at  Lewiston,  on  the  Wednesday  succeeding 
the  full  moon  of  eacli  month,  under  the  name  of  Rahhoni  Lodne,  and 
recommended  Bro.  David  Cowan  for  the  first  Master,  Bro.  A.  K,  P.  Knowlton 
for  S.  W.,  and  Bro.  Fessenden  I.  Day  for  J.  W.  The  D.  D.  G.  M.  recom- 
mended that  the  prayer  of  the  petitioners  be  granted,  and  the  G.  M.  granted 
a  dispensation,  dating  from  December  28,  1868.  Charter  Members.  —  David 
Cowan,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  Fessenden  I.  Day,  Thomas  Tash,  C.  A. 
Coombs,  T.  M.  Varney,  George  I.  Parker,  F.  P.  Weymouth,  T.  H. 
Longley,  J.  K.  Piper,  Chas  O.  Freeman,  Isaac  K.  Knowlton,  Frank  O.  Sands, 
Alonzo  F.  Sanborn,  James  Wrigley,  Chas  H  Millett,  Geo.  O.  Durgin,  Thos  B. 
Norris,  John  W.  Farwell,  Peter  Morriscy,  Richard  Skelton,  Chas  A.  Norcross, 
Milan  Graves,  H.  H.  Richardson,  Daniel  P.  Atwood,  M.  T.  Ludden,  John 
Given.  The  first  stated  meeting  was  held  December  30,  1868.  The  full  list  of 
officers  is:  David  Cowan,  W.  M. ;  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  S.  W. ;  Fessenden  I. 
Day,  J.  W.;  Thomas  Tash,  Treas.;  C.A.  Coombs,  Sec;  T.  M.  Varney,  S.  D. ; 
George  I.  Parker,  J.  D. ;  F.  P.  Weymouth,  S.  S. ;  T.  H.  Longley,  J.  S. ;  Augus- 
tus Callahan,  Chap. ;  D.  Harding,  Tyler.  The  preliminary  meetings  were  held 
in  what  are  now  the  editorial  rooms  of  the  Lewiston  Journal.  Arrangements 
were  soon  made  with  Ashlar  Lodge,  and  meetings  held  in  the  hall  in  the  upper 
story  of  27  Lisbon  street.  September  22,  1869,  the  lodge  sent  a  contribution 
to  the  building  fund  of  the  Masonic  Temple  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
appointed  a  committee  to  arrange  for  the  use  of  the  new  Masonic  Hall,  which 
they  occupied  January  1,  1870.  February  9,  1870,  a  special  communication 
was  held  to  consecrate  and  constitute  Rabboni  Lodge,  No.  150,  and  install  its 
officers  for  the  term.  They  were:  David  Cowan,  W.  M. ;  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton, 
S.  W.;  Fessenden  I.  Day,  J.  W.;  Thomas  Tash,  T.;  C.  A.  Coombs,  S.;  M.  T. 
Ludden,  Chap.  April  20,  1870,  the  lodge  accepted  the  act  of  incorporation  of 
the  Masonic  Board  of  Trustees,  and  became  parties  to  the  contract.  Septem- 
ber 28  occurred  the  installation  of  officers :  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  W.  M. ;  F.  I. 
Day,  S.  W.;  T.  M.  Varney,  J.  W.;  D.  Cowan,  Chap. ;  C.  A.  Coombs,  Sec. 
January  11, 1871,  Charles  O.  Freeman  was  buried  at  Minot  Corner  with  Masonic 
rites.  April  12,  1871,  E.  H.  C'ummings  was  chosen  proxy  for  the  lodge  at  the 
Grand  Lodge.  September  11,  1871,  these  officers  were  elected:  A.  K.  P. 
Knowlton,  W.  M.;  F.  I.  Day,  S.  W. ;  G.  I.  Parker,  J.  W. ;  Thomas  Tash,  T.; 
H.  N.  Emery,  Sec;  F.  O.  Sands,  C.  A.  Coombs,  Ai  Brooks,  Jr,  Finance  Com- 
mittee. October  31  a  funeral  was  conducted,  that  of  J.  K.  Piper.  January  10, 
1872,  Albert  N.  Tracy  was  buried,  and  F.  O.  Sands  (a  charter  member,  agent 
Lewiston  Mills,)   July  3,  1872.     Annual  election  September  18,  1872.     The 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  229 

new  officers  were  :  F.  I.  Da}^  W.  M. ;  F.  P.  Weymouth,  S.  W.;  T.  H.  Longley, 
J.  W. ;  Thomas  Tash,  Treas.  (superintendent  of  Lewiston  schools);  H.  N. 
Emery,  Sec.  The  officers  elected  September  10,  1873,  were  the  same  except 
H.  E.  Morriscy,  chosen  J.  W.  June  24  the  lodge  joined  in  the  dedication 
services  of  the  new  Masonic  Hall  in  Auburn.  Officers  for  1874-5:  H.  E. 
Morriscy,  W.  M. ;  E.  V.  Daly,  S.  W. ;  O.  G.  Douglass,  J.  W. ;  Cyrus  Greely, 
Treas.;  H.  N.Emery,  Sec;  John  Garner,  Chaplain;  Wm  D.  Pennell,  Marshal; 
Fred  Kelly,  S.  D.;  Horace  C.  Little,  J.  D.  Alba  C.  Nichols  died  at  Lancaster, 
N.  H.,  in  November.  September  15,  1875,  were  elected:  George  G.  Hartwell, 
W.  M.;  E.  V.  Daly,  S.  W.;  O.  G.  Douglass,  J.  W. ;  C.  Greely,  Treas.;  H.  N. 
Emery,  Sec;  Fessenden  I.  Day,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  L.  E.  Timberlake,  Finance 
Committee;  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  representative  to  the  Grand  Lodge.  Septem- 
ber 6,  187(3,  George  G.  Hartwell  was  chosen  W.  M. ;  O.  G.  Douglass,  S.  W. ; 
Fred  Kelly,  J.  W.;  C.  Greely,  Treas.;  H.  N.  Emery,  Sec.  The  finance  com- 
mittee was  continued.  June  26, 1877,  the  funeral  of  I>ro.  John  Thompson  was 
attended.  September  26, 1877,  were  elected:  Oscar  G.  Douglass,  W.  M.;  Fred 
Kelly,  S.  W.;  F.  W.  Parker,  J.  W.;  C.  Greely,  Treas.;  L.  E.  Timberlake,  Sec 
The  first  public  installation  and  banquet  of  the  lodge  occurred  October  18, 
1877.     December  26  the  death  of  C.  F.  Ranks  was  reported. 

The  officers  elected  in  September,  1878,  were:  O.  G.  Douglass,  W.  M. ;  Fred 
Kelly,  S.  W.  ;  F.  W.  Parker,  J.  W.  ;  C.  Greely,  Treas. ;  Lewis  Garner,  Sec ; 
F.  I.  Day,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  George  G.  Hartwell,  Finance  Committee. 
Installation  November  13.  June  21  assisted  in  laying  the  corner-stone  of 
Trinity  (Episcopal)  Chapel,  also  voted  to  attend  St  John's  Day  celebration, 
at  Portland,  in  full  Masonic  dress.  Officers  elected  in  1879  and  1880  were : 
Fred  Kelly,  W.  M. ;  Frank  W.  Parker,  S.  W. ;  Albert  S.  Plummer,  J.  W. ; 
C.  Greely,  Treas. ;  Lewis  Garner,  Sec.  H.  H.  Richardson,  of  Livermore,  a 
charter  member,  and  ex-city  marshal  of  Lewiston,  died  in  October,  1879. 
Nathan  Woodbury  was  chaplain,  and  held  the  position,  from  1880,  for  many 
years.  In  1881  and  1882  the  officers  were:  Frank  W.  Parker,  W.  M. ; 
A.  S.  Plummer,  S.  W. ;  Frank  L.  Hoyt,  J.  W. ;  V.  Greely,  Treas. ;  Eugene 
E.  Ham,  Secretary.  October  11,  1881,  attended  the  funeral  services  of 
Rrother  George  A.  Chandler.  September  23  was  buried  M.  T.  Ludden,  a 
charter  member,  a  prominent  lawyer,  and  ex-mayor  of  Lewiston.  September 
19,  1883,  were  elected:  Albert  S.  Plummer,  W.  M.  ;  F.  L.  Hoyt,  S.  W.  ;  C. 
V.  Emerson,  J.  W. ;  C.  (Treely,  Treas. ;  E.  E.  Ham,  Sec  September  10,  1884, 
the  same  officers  elected.  November  2  attended  the  funeral  of  T.  J.  Ridley, 
of  King  David  Lodge,  Taunton,  Mass.  April  19,  1885,  attended  funeral  of 
Wm  F.  Goulding ;  July  25, 1885,  that  of  Alonzo  F.  Sanborn.  Officers  elected 
in  1885  and  in  1886  were:  F.  L.  Hoyt,  W.  M.;  C.  V.  Emerson,  S.  W. ;  E.  K. 
Smith,  J.  W. ;  C.  Greely,  Treas.;  E.  E.  Ham,  Sec;  and  November  3,  1885, 
occurred  the  second  public  installation  of  officers.     December  30,  1886,  a  large 


230  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

number  of  members  and  visitors  witnessed  the  conferring  of  the  degrees 
upon  Daniel  H.  Day  by  his  father,  M.  W.  Fessenden  I.  Day,  Grand  Master 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine,  assisted  by  other  officers  of  the  Grand 
Lodge.  April  10,  1887,  David  Cowan  (a  charter  member,  past  master,  a 
mayor  of  Lewiston)  was  buried  with  the  honors  of  Masonry,  M.  W.  Fes- 
senden I.  Day,  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  conducting  the  services. 
The  officers  elected  in  1887  were:  C.  V.  Emerson,  W.  M. ;  E.  K.  Smith,  S.  W.; 
D.  B.  Stevens,  J.  W. ;  C.  Greely,  Treas. ;  E.  E.  Ham,  Sec.  The  next  year  no 
change  occurred  except  G.  F.  Turner  was  chosen  secretary.  The  third  public 
installation  occurred  October  25,  1887.  S.  C.  Wyman  and  Daniel  Allen  died 
in  1888.  September  26  a  contribution  was  made  to  the  suffering  brethren  in 
Florida.  Officers  elected  in  1889  and  in  1890:  E.  K.  Smith,  W.  M.;  D.  B. 
Stevens,  S.  W.;  W.  H.  Judkins,  J.  W.;  C.  Greely,  Treas.;  George  F.  Turner, 
Sec;  N.  Woodbury,  Chap.     The  lodge  visited  Portland  June  24,  1890. 

This  lodge,  though  young  in  years,  lias  a  good  record,  and  has  many  promi- 
nent citizens  on  its  rolls.  It  has  now  (April  15,  1891,)  a  membership  of  165, 
is  prosperous,  and  owns  its  portion  of  Masonic  Hall,  which  is  paid  for.  During 
the  last  Masonic  year  it  has  admitted  thirteen  members,  and  conferred  the 
third  degree  on  11  candidates.  Kegular  meetings  are  held  Wednesday  evening 
after  the  full  moon. 

Kinfi  Hiram  Chapter,  No.  9,  R.  A.  M.,  Lewiston.'^  —  In  pursuance  of  a 
petition  presented  to  Timothy  Chase,  Grand  High  Priest  of  the  Grand  Royal 
Arch  Chapter  of  Maine,  signed  by  Comps.  Alonzo  Andrews,  Thurston  Libby, 
William  White,  Levi  Bates,  Albert  H.  Kelsey,  George  Moore,  Samuel  Soule, 
J.  W.  Littlefield,  Samuel  B.  Hutchins,  and  Joseph  Covell,  a  dispensation  was 
granted  November  28, 1854,  instituting  King  Hiram  Chapter.  Alonzo  Andrews 
Avas  appointed  Most  Excellent  High  Priest;  Thurston  Libby,  King;  and 
William  White,  Scribe.  At  this  time  but  eight  chapters  held  charters  in 
Maine,  and  but  two  had  been  constituted  since  1829.  These  were  at  Portland, 
Brunswick,  Wiscasset,  Gardiner,  Saco,  Bangor,  Belfast,  and  Rockland.  The 
territorial  limits  of  King  Hiram  Chapter  extended  north  to  Canada,  west  and 
south  half  way  to  Brunswick  and  Portland,  and  east  to  the  jurisdiction  of 
Gardiner. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  new  chapter  was  held  December  15,  1854,  at  the 
house  of  Comp.  Thurston  Libby,  in  Lewiston,  for  organization.  Comps. 
Andrews,  Libby,  White,  Bates,  Kelsey,  Hutchins,  and  Covell  were  present,  and 
the  organization  was  perfected  with  these  officers:  M.  E.  Alonzo  Andrews,  H. 
P.;  Thurston  Libby,  E.  K. ;  Wm  White,  E.  S. ;  A.  H.  Kelsey,  Treas.;  George 
Moore,  C.  H.;  Levi  Bates,  P.  S. ;  S.  B.  Hutchins,  R.  A.  C;  Joseph  Covell, 
M.  3d  v.;  Samuel  Soule,  M.  2d  V.;  J.  W.  Litchfield,  M.  1st  V.  The  chapter 
met  December  22  at  the  office  of  the  Bates  corporation,  where  petitions  for 

1  Chiefly  condensed  from  the  history  written  by  George  A.  Callahan,  P.  H.  P. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  231 

membership  were  received  from  Thos  C.  Upton,  Augustus  Callahan,  George 
Webb,  Robert  H.  Hose,  Jos.  P.  Gill,  and  John  G.  Cook,  who  were  elected. 
The  chapter  was  incorporated  by  the  legislature  March  1,  1855.  January  19, 
1855,  the  first  meeting  was  held  in  the  hall  of  the  DeWitt  House,  which  was 
occupied  until  the  one  in  Journal  Block  was  leased  in  1862.  At  this  meeting 
the  first  work  was  done,  Thos  C.  Upton,  Augustus  Callahan,  Geo.  Webb, 
Robert  H.  Rose,  J.  Pearson  Gill,  and  John  G.  Cook  being  advanced  to  the 
degree  of  M.  M.  M.  January  2(3  the  P.  M.  degree  was  conferred,  Bros.  Reuel 
Washburn,  Uriah  Balkam,  and  Augustus  Callahan  being  present  as  visitors. 
February  2  the  M.  M.,  P.  M.,  and  M.  E.  M,  degrees  were  conferred,  the  first 
time  the  latter  one  was  worked.  February  16  the  R.  A.  degree  was  first  con- 
ferred, the  candidates  being  Thos  C.  Upton,  Augustus  Callahan,  Robert  H. 
Rose,  J.  Pearson  Gill,  and  John  G.  Cook. 

The  chapter  asked  for  a  charter,  and  June  15  the  chapter  was  duly  con- 
stituted by  the  Most  Excellent  Puissant  General  Grand  High  Priest  of  the 
General  Grand  Chapter  of  the  United  States,  Robert  P.  Dunlap,  under  the 
charter  granted  May  3.  At  this  meeting  the  following  were  elected  members : 
Thomas  C.  Upton,  Augustus  Callahan,  Robert  H.  Rose,  Joseph  P.  Gill,  George 
Webb,  Geo.  L.  Drinkwater,  Thomas  F.  Lamb,  Robert  Blacker,  Samuel  H. 
Wilson,  Thomas  A.  D.  Fessenden,  Jacob  Herrick,  Wm  Skelton,  Geo.  W.  Chase, 
John  G.  Cook.  These  officers  were  elected:  Alonzo  Andrews,  H.  P.;  Thurston 
Libby,  K.;  Joseph  Co  veil,  S.;  Joseph  P.  Gill,  C.  H. ;  Augustus  Callahan,  P.  S.; 
Thomas  C.  Upton,  R.  A.  C;  S.  H.  Wilson,  M.  3d  V.;  Robert  H.  Rose,  M.  2d 
v.;  John  G.  Cook,  M.  1st  V.;  A.  H.  Kelsey,  Treas. ;  Geo.  L.  Drinkwater,  Sec; 
Robert  Blacker,  Chap.;  T.  A.  D.  Fessenden,  S.  S.;  Thomas  F.  Lamb,  J.  S.; 
Geo.  Webb,  Tyler. 

June  6,  1856,  the  annual  convocation  was  held.  The  chapter  had  now 
exalted  18  companions.  During  the  second  year  four  companions  were  exalted. 
At  the  annual  session  of  the  Grand  Chapter,  May  5,  1857,  M.  E.  Alonzo 
Andrews  was  elected  Deputy  Grand  High  Priest,  Comp.  J.  P.  Gill  Grand 
Captain  of  the  Host,  and  Comp.  Joseph  Covell  Grand  Master  of  the  3d  Vail. 
Li  1857  two  valuable  companions  removed  from  Lewiston,  Comp.  Andrews, 
P.  H.  P.,  and  C.  C.  Niebuhr,  Sec.  At  the  Grand  Chapter  in  May,  1858,  Comp. 
Joseph  Covell  was  appointed  Grand  Master  of  the  3d  V^ail,  and  Comp.  J.  P. 
Gill  Grand  Captain  of  the  Host.  March  18,  1859,  the  death  of  Comp.  Wm 
White  was  announced,  and  the  committee  appointed  to  draft  resolutions  were 
also  directed  to  prepare  resolutions  on  the  death  of  Comp.  Alonzo  Andrews,  to 
whom  was  preeminently  due  the  erection  of  King  Hiram  Chapter.  January  6, 
1860,  a  preamble  and  resolutions  in  memory  of  the  late  M.  E.  Robert  P.  Dunlap 
was  received  from  Mount  Vernon  R.  A.  Chapter  of  Portland,  and  appropriate 
action  was  taken.  The  chapter  was  represented  at  the  Grand  Chapter  by 
A.  Callahan,  J.  G.  Cook,  and  I.  E.  Libby.     Comp.  Covell  was  made  a  member 


232  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


of  the  finance  committee,  chairman  of  committee  on  grievances  and  appeals, 
and  Grand  Master  of  the  3d  Vail.  Comp.  A.  Callahan  was  appointed  on  the 
committee  on  warrants  and  dispensations. 

October  26,  1860,  it  was  voted  to  grant  the  use  of  the  chapter  rooms  to 
Ashlar  Lodge  for  six  months,  free  of  charge.  February  22,  1861,  the  death  of 
Isaac  H.  Weston  was  announced.  At  the  Grand  Chapter  Comps.  Gill,  Libby, 
and  Joseph  Covell  were  present.  June  24,  1862,  the  chapter  participated  in 
the  Masonic  Centennial  celebration  at  Portland.  July  22  a  dispensation  was 
granted  to  confer  the  degrees  upon  Colonel  N.  J.  Jackson  in  less  time  than 
required  by  law.  October  31  it  voted  to  rent  the  hall  in  Journal  Block  in 
connection  with  Ashlar  Lodge.  January  30,  1863,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  revise  the  by-laws.  May  29  the  death  of  Comp.  Alvarez  V.  Teague  was 
announced.  Comps.  Gill  and  Thurston  Libby  represented  the  chapter  in  the 
Grand  Chapter,  and  Comp.  Covell  was  Grand  Master  of  the  3d  Vail  and  mem- 
ber of  the  finance  committee.  October  23,  1863,  it  was  voted  to  grant  the  free 
use  of  the  hall  to  Dunlap  Council,  R.  &  S.  M.  December  18  voted  to  purchase 
the  organ  with  Ashlar  Lodge.  January  22,  1864,  A.  J.  Fuller,  D.  G.  H.  P., 
officially  visited  the  chapter  and  reported : 

This  chapter  is  in  fine  condition  and  tlie  work  was  well  done ;  it  is  well  fitted 
with  regalia,  the  officers  appeared  perfectly  familiar  with  their  several  duties,  and  the 
revised  work  is  strictly  adhered  to.  This  chapter  is  doing  a  fine  work  and  making 
valuable  acquisitions  to  its  members.  From  the  known  ability  of  its  officers  its  success 
is  sure. 

March  18,  1864,  the  fees  were  raised  from  't26  to  135.  In  the  Grand  Chap- 
ter, Comps.  J.  P.  Gill  and  H.  H.  Dickey  represented  the  chapter,  while  Comp. 
Covell  was  one  of  the  grand  officers.  This  year  was  one  of  great  prosperity; 
14  members  were  admitted  and  18  companions  exalted.  The  finances  were 
placed  on  a  solid  basis,  which  has  continued  to  the  present.  The  total  mem- 
bership is  48.  June  24,  1864,  26  membei-s  represented  the  chapter  at  the 
Masonic  celebration  at  Livermore  Falls.  January  13,  1865,  voted  to  pay  -^15 
towards  a  new  altar.  At  the  Grand  Chapter  convocation  Comp.  J.  P.  Gill  was 
Grand  R.  A.  Captain,  Comp.  H.  H.  Dickey  Grand  Steward,  and  Comp.  Covell 
elected  member  of  finance  committee.  The  Grand  Hiffh  Priest  said  in  his 
address:  "April  5  I  officially  visited  King  Hiram  IL  A.  Chapter,  Lewiston.  It 
is  in  fine  condition  and  the  work  was  well  done."  This  year  26  members  were 
admitted.  June  9, 1865,  action  was  taken  toward  the  establishment  of  a  board 
of  trustees  or  directors  for  the  general  business  management  of  all  the  Masonic 
bodies  in  the  city.  The  chapter  was  represented  in  the  Grand  Chapter  by 
Comp.  Aug.  Callahan,  H.  P.,  appointed  (irand  Master  of  the  3d  Vail  p-o  tern, 
Comp.  H.  H.  Dickey  Grand  Steward,  and  Comp.  J.  P.  Gill,  Grand  Captain  of 
the  Host.     This  year  13  brothers  received  the  M.  M.  degree,  11  passed  the 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  233 

chair,  14  received  and  acknowledged  M.  E.  M.,  and  14  exalted,  15  signed  the 
by-laws,  two  were  dimitted,  and  1  deceased.^ 

July  6,  186G,  the  chapter  donated  $100  for  the  best  interest  of  the  Royal 
Arch  Masons  in  Portland,  sufferers  of  the  late  fire.  At  the  session  of  the 
Grand  Chapter,  May,  1867,  King  Hiram  Chapter  had  M.  E.  Wm  J.  Burnham, 
H.  P.;  H.  H.  Dickey,  K.;  A.  L.  Dresser,  proxy  for  Scribe;  Coinp.  J.  P.  Gill 
was  chosen  Grand  Scribe ;  Comp.  Burnham  appointed  Grand  Chaplain,  and 
Comp.  Dickey  appointed  on  Committee  on  Credentials.  The  number  of 
members  is  now  90,  11  being  received  this  year,  three  dimitted,  and  two 
deceased.  Petitions  being  received  from  Bethel  and  South  Paris,  asking 
recommendations  for  the  creation  of  R.  A.  charters  at  these  places,  in 
December,  1867,  it  was  voted  to  recommend  the  granting  of  a  dispensation  to 
the  petitioners  from  Bethel.  At  the  yearly  session  of  the  Grand  Chapter,  Wm 
J.  Burnham,  T.  M.  Varney,  D.  Harden,  and  Jos.  P.  Gill,  Grand  Scribe,  repre- 
sented King  Hiram  Chapter.  J.  P.  Gill  was  elected  D.  G.  H.  P.,  and  T.  M. 
Varney  appointed  Grand  Steward.     The  membership  is  now  102. 

Comp.  Albert  H,  Small  died  July  28,  1868,  "a  valued  and  respected 
officer,"  and  September  28  died  Comp.  T.  A.  D.  Fessenden,  one  of  the 
prominent  members  and  a  Mason  of  much  influence.  At  the  annual  convoca- 
tion of  the  Grand  Chapter  were  present:  R.  E.  Joseph  P.  Gill,  D.  G.  H.  P. ; 
M.E.Theodore  M.  Varney,  Grand  Steward;  Dennison  Harden,  King;  and 
H.  H.  Dickey,  proxy  for  Scribe.  J.  P.  Gill  was  elected  Grand  High  Priest. 
October  8,  1869,  it  was  decided  to  place  the  funds  of  the  chapter  in  the  hands 
of  the  Board  of  Masonic  Trustees.  January  14,  1872,  it  was  voted  to 
purchase  a  photograph  album  and  to  request  each  member  to  furnish  his 
photograph.  M.  E.  J.  P.  Gill,  G.  H.  P.,  presided  over  the  Grand  Chapter  at 
the  annual  convocation,  where  Carlos  Nudd  represented  this  chapter.  The 
G.  H.  P.  reports:  "  King  Hiram  Chapter  adds  to  its  former  reputation.  Much 
to  the  credit  of  the  presiding  and  all  its  officers,  it  can  be  said  that  it  is  in 
better  working  condition  than  ever  before."  The  number  of  members  is  117. 
During  the  year  24  petitions  for  degrees  have  been  received,  and  one  for 
membership,  live  petitions  for  degrees  were  rejected,  18  were  advanced  to  the 
degree  of  M.  M.,  15  passed  the  chair,  16  were  received  as  M.  E.  M.,  15  ^Vere 
exalted,  two  died,  and  two  were  dimitted. 

November  11,  1870,  the  chapter  granted  consent  to  the  formation  of 
Androscoggin  Chapter  at  Canton.  February  10,  1871,  M.  E.  Stephen  J. 
Young,  G.  H.  P.,  visited  the  chapter  officially  and  witnessed  work  in  the  R.  A. 
degree.  April  11  the  deaths  of  C'omps.  Edw.  Bisbee  and  Edw.  G.  Hawkes 
were  announced.     Clothing  and  paraphernalia  of  consideral)le  expense  were 

iComp.  Joseph  Covell  died  at  Prince  Edward  Island,  March  7,  1S6G,  while  American  consul.  He 
was  exalted  in  Jerusalem  Chapter  at  Augusta,  about  1850.  His  zeal  as  a  Royal  Arch  Mason  was 
unwearied;  and,  though  residing  for  several  years  fifty  miles  from  his  chapter,  he  seldom  neglected  to 
attend  its  regular  meetings.    He  was  elected  High  Priest  of  King  Hiram  Chapter  in  1858. 


234  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

provided  this  year,  enabling  the  degrees  to  be  presented  in  a  manner  much 
superior  to  previous  efforts.  The  chapter  sent  to  the  annual  convocation  of 
the  Grand  Chapter:  Carlos  Nudd,  H.  P.;  C.  A.  Coombs,  K.;  and  F.  T.  Faulkner, 
S.  M.  E.  Carlos  Nudd  was  appointed  G.  M.  1st  V.  The  number  of  members 
is  now  132.  Comp.  T.  B.  Rowell  removed  from  Maine  early  in  1871,  and 
Comp.  David  Cowan  performed  the  duties  of  the  G.  of  H.  for  the  year. 
This  year  Comp.  Thurston  Libby,  P.  H.  P.,  a  charter  member,  died.  Number 
of  members,  134.  In  the  annual  convocation  of  the  Grand  Chapter  this 
chapter  had  as  members  Comps.  Isaac  G.  Curtis  and  Francis  T.  Faulkner. 
R.  E.  D.  G.  H.  P.  J.  W.  Ballou  in  his  report  says: 

I  visited  King  Hiram  Chapter  aud  witnessed  the  conferring  of  the  Royal  Arch  degree 
in  a  very  intelligent  and  creditable  manner  by  the  scribe,  acting  as  high  priest.  By  a 
combination  of  circumstances  entirely  unusual,  the  high  priest  had  been  called  away  to 
another  state,  and  the  king  to  a  distant  part  of  our  own  state,  leaving  the  onerous  work 
pertaining  to  the  work  and  general  management  of  the  chapter  to  the  scribe,  Comp. 
Francis  T.  Faulkner.  And  while  the  companions  of  King  Hiram  Chapter  cannot  but 
deplore  the  loss  of  two  such  valuable  officers  as  the  high  priest  and  king,  still  they  may  as 
well  congratulate  themselves  upon  their  sagacity  and  good  fortune  in  electing  an  officer  so 
eminently  fit  for  the  important  duties  required  of  him  as  the  present  acting  high  priest. 

September  13,  1872,  the  chapter  recommended  the  organization  of  Union 
Chapter  at  Mechanic  Falls.  The  Grand  King,  R.  E.  Henry  L,  Paine,  officially 
visited  the  chapter  March  14,  1873.  He  reports  witnessing  "  work  in  the  R. 
A.  degree,  excellently  well  performed."  At  the  annual  convocation  of  the 
Grand  Chapter  M.  E.  F.  T.  Faulkner  was  appointed  Grand  Steward.  Number  of 
members,  144.  June  13,  1873,  thanks  were  voted  to  the  retiring  H.  P.  Comp. 
F.  T.  Faulkner  "  for  the  marked  interest  he  has  taken  in  the  chapter,  and  the 
highly  creditable  manner  in  which  he  has  performed  the  work  and  duties  of  the 
chair."  Although  residing  12  miles  from  Lewiston  he  was  present  at  every 
convocation  except  one.  December  12  the  chapter  was  officially  visited  by 
Horace  H.  Burbank,  G.  IT.  P.  Work  was  done  in  the  R.  A.  degree.  Seventy- 
one  companions  were  present,  representing  12  chapters.  In  1874  permission 
was  asked  for  a  chapter  at  Auburn,  which  was  granted  with  a  recommendation 
in  favor  thereof  to  the  Grand  Chapter.  At  the  annual  convocation  of  Grand 
Chapter  Comp.  G.  A.  Callahan  was  appointed  G.  M.  of  1st  V.  pro  frrn.  Comp. 
F.  T.  Faulkner,  (r.  S.,  was  present.  This  chapter  was  represented  also  by  S. 
Stone  and  F.  E.  Sleeper.  June  12,  1874,  there  were  140  members  in  the 
chapter.  January  8,  1875,  the  chapter  was  visited  officially  by  M.  E.  Horace 
H.  Burbank,  G.  H.  P.,  who  reported:  "In  the  presence  of  95  members  and 
visitors  the  officers  of  King  Hiram  Chapter  exhibited  excellent  Royal  Arch 
degree  work.  ...  I  am  confident  that  no  superior  work  can  be  presented  in 
our  jurisdiction."  This  year  the  chapter  was  represented  by  Comps.  Geo.  A. 
Callahan,  H.  P. ;  A.  W.  Larrabee,  proxy  for  K. ;  F.  E.  Sleeper,  S.      Comp.  F. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  235 

T.  Faulkner  was  elected  Grand  Scribe,  G.  A.  Callahan  appointed  Grand 
Steward,  and  Comps.  R.  E.  Paine,  E.  P.  Burnham,  and  G.  A.  Callahan  were 
appointed  on  the  standing  committee  on  history. 

Twenty  years'  work  under  the  charter  expired  with  the  annual  convocation, 
June  11,  1875.  Uninterrupted  prosperity  has  marked  the  whole  period. 
There  are  now  140  members,  a  noble  hall,  well  fitted  up,  a  good  financial 
condition,  and  a  harmony  and  interest  in  the  work  unexcelled  by  any  chapter 
in  the  state.  November  12  the  revision  and  printing  of  the  by-laws  was 
ordered.  Comp.  F.  T.  Faulkner,  G.  S.,  and  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  H.  P., 
attended  the  annual  convocation  of  the  Grand  Chapter.  Frank  E.  Sleeper, 
K.,  was  representative  in  187(3  to  the  Grand  Chapter  and  was  made  Grand 
Steward.  Comp.  F.  T.  Faulkner,  G.  S.,  was  in  attendance  and  chosen  Grand 
King.  F.  E.  Sleeper  and  A.  W.  Larrabee  attended  the  Grand  Chapter 
in  1877,  where  Comp.  Sleeper  was  reappointed  G.  S.  During  the  year  two 
brothers  received  the  M.,  P.,  and  M.  E.  M.  degrees,  three  were  exalted,  one 
was  dimitted,  and  one  died;  139  members.  A.  Callahan,  Wm  J.  Burnham, 
Wm  D.  Pennell,  John  Given,  Geo.  A  Callahan  were  appointed  a  committee 
on  history  in  1878.  At  the  annual  convocation  of  the  Grand  Chapter  there 
were  present  Comps.  F.  E.  Sleeper  and  A.  W.  Larrabee.  Comp.  Sleeper  was 
elected  Grand  Scribe.  During  the  year  two  candidates  received  all  the 
degrees  and  two  were  dimitted ;  140  members.  The  chapter  was  represented 
in  the  Grand  Chapter,  in  1879,  by  Comps.  H.  H.  Dickey,  C.  H.  Jumper,  L. 
E.  Timberlake.     Comp.  Sleeper  was  re-elected  G.  S. 

The  first  quarter  of  a  century  of  the  chapter  under  charter  expired  June 
11,  1880,  when  143  were  in  active  membership.  During  the  past  year  three 
candidates  received  the  degrees,  one  member  died,  and  one  was  dimitted.  At 
the  annual  convocation  of  the  Grand  Chapter  were  present  Comps.  H.  H. 
Dickey,  C.  H.  Jumper,  L.  E.  Timberlake,  and  F.  E.  Sleeper.  The  annual  con- 
vocation was  held  June  10,  1881.  No  work  wa^  done  during  the  past  year; 
two  petitions  were  received  for  degrees  and  one  for  membership;  three  were 
dimitted,  and  one,  Augustus  Callahan,'  died;  members,  141.     The  expense  of 

iM.  E.  Augustus  Callahan,  P.  H.  P.,  died  February  16,  1881.  He  was  born  in  Andover,  Mass., 
April  12,  1815,  and  resided  there  until  1847,  when  he  removed  to  Lewiston.  His  business  was  woolen 
manufacturing,  and  he  was  accounted  skillful.  .January  19,  1848,  he  became  a  Mason  in  Tranquil 
Lodge.  He  was  elected  Worshipful  Master  in  December,  184'.>,  He  occupied  the  East  until  January 
21,  1852,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  lodge.  January  11,  1854,  he  was  again  elected  and  occupied 
the  East  from  that  time  until  1858.  He  was  not  a  charter  member  of  Ashlar  Lodge,  being  away  when 
it  was  constitiited,  but  became  a  member  October  6,  1862.  He  was  one  of  the  first  candidates  in  King 
Hiram  Chapter,  his  petition  being  received  at  the  first  meeting.  He  was  elected  High  Priest  in  1859, 
18G0,  and  1865.  During  a  short  residence  in  Vassalboro  he  dimitted,  and  was  elected  High  Priest  of 
Dunlap  Chapter,  at  China,  but  again  became  a  member  of  King  Hiram  Chapter  on  his  return.  He 
was  an  officer  of  the  chapter  from  the  first  election  until  his  death  (with  the  exception  of  the  time 
when  dimitted),  being  chaplain  and  chairman  of  the  finance  committee  at  the  time  of  decease.  He 
was  among  the  first  members  of  Dunlap  Council,  and  was  Thrice  Illustrious  Master.  He  was  one  of 
the  early  members  of  Lewiston  Commandery,  Eminent  Commander  of  that  body  in  1871,  and  later, 


236  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

the  chapter  in  furnishing  the  Masonic  hall,  was  #700.  The  chapter  was  repre- 
sented in  the  Grand  Chapter  by  A.  W.  Larrabee,  L.  E.  Timberlake,  E.  E. 
Pomeroy,  and  R.  E.  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  D.  G.  H.  P.  Annual  convocation,  June 
8,  1882.  Seventeen  candidates  received  the  degrees  in  the  past  year  and  one 
was  dimitted,  making  now  158  members.  The  Grand  Chapter  this  year  made 
Comp.  H.  E.  Morriscy  Grand  Steward  and  re-elected  F.  E.  Sleeper  Grand  High 
Priest. 

The  year  opened  June  8, 1883,  with  162  members.  During  the  year  M.  E.  F.  E. 
Sleeper  officiated  as  Grand  High  Priest  with  great  satisfaction  to  the  fraternity. 
He  accomplished  the  revision  of  the  ritual  and  its  excellence  must  be  largely 
attributed  to  him  and  his  able  assistant,  Comp.  A.  W.  Larrabee.  M.  E.  F.  E. 
Sleeper,  G.  H.  P.,  presided  at  the  annual  convocation  of  the  Grand  Chapter  in 
1884,  and  was  re-elected  ;  Comp.  A.  W.  Larrabee  was  G.  C.  of  H.;  C-omp.  D.  B. 
Stevens  was  G.  M.  of  3d  Vail ;  Comp.  Larrabee  was  appointed  Grand  Lecturer, 
and  Comp.  Callahan  Grand  Steward.  This  year  died  Comp.  H.  H.  Dickey, 
P.  H.  P.,'^  a  most  valued  member  and  earnest  and  faithful  worker,  whose  life 
and  character  gave  emphasis  to  Masonic  principles,  and  March  13,  1885,  the 
chapter  voted  to  act  in  conjunction  with  Ashlar  Lodge  in  procuring  crayon 
portraits  of  Comp.  Augustus  Callahan  and  Comp.  H.  H.  Dickey,  Past  High 
Priests,  for  Masonic  Hall.  February  17,  1887,  R.  E.  Henry  R.  Taylor,  D.  D. 
G.  H.  1^.,  made  an  official  visit.  This  year  died  Comps.  Samuel  E.  May,  David 
Cowan,  Charles  D.  Starbird.  Deaths  in  1888 :  March  27,  Daniel  Allen ; 
August  5,  Arthur  Sands;  September  3,  Jacob  B.  Ham.  Frank  E.  Severance 
also  died,  date  not  given.  June  13,  1890,  officers  chosen  :  G.  W.  Furbush, 
H.  P.;  E.  K.  Smith,  K.;  W.  F.  Wood,  S.;  Wm  J.  Burnham,  Treas.;  John  F. 
Putnam,  Sec;   A.  M.  Edwards,  C.  of  H.;   H.  B.  Warner,  P.  S.;  Samuel  Hib- 

Prelate.  He  received  the  Order  of  the  Red  Cross  of  Constantine,  May  5,  1875,  was  a  charter  member 
of  Eusebius  Conclave,  and  was  its  presiding  officer  at  his  decease.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  Lew- 
iston  Lodge  of  Perfection,  holding  the  highest  office  in  1879  and  1880.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Cliapter  of  Rose  Croix,  Princes  of  Jerusalem,  and  Maine  Sovereign  Consistory,  S.  P.  R.  S.  o2°.  He 
was  I).  D.  CJ.  M.  in  IS-W,  held  varioiis  offices  and  appointments  in  the  Grand  Bodies,  but  always  declined 
high  honors.  As  a  ritualist  he  probably  had  no  sup«!rior.  His  knowledge  was  comprehensive  and 
exact,  and  his  attainments  in  Masonic  jurisprudence  and  history  were  profound  and  accurate.  He 
was  imbued  with  the  whole  spirit  of  Masonry,  and  his  words  and  actions  were  governed  by  that 
benign  intluence.  He  was  a  firm  believer  in  the  Christian  religion,  and  a  constant  attendant  upon 
divine  service.    Ife  was  buried  with  Masonic  honors  by  Ashlar  Lodge. 

2  Mr  Dickey  was  born  in  Amherst,  N.  H.,  May  14,  181(1.  He  came  to  Lewiston  in  1854,  and  com- 
menced business  as  a  top-roll  coverer  in  the  basement  of  the  Hill  Mill.  He  afterward  occupied  a  part 
of  the  red  shop  on  Cross  Canal,  and  then  a  fioor  in  Cowan's  Mill.  In  ISOit  he  erected  the  shop  on  the 
river  bank  which  has  since  l>een  occupied  by  himself  and  sou  William.  He  was  school  agent  in  the 
village  district,  while  Lewiston  was  a  town  ;  and  in  1874  was  mayor.  He  gave  dignity  to  the  office  and 
an  acceptable  administration.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Scottish  rite  of  the  3."°  of 
Masonry,  and  the  only  Mason  in  this  vicinity  who  at  that  time  had  attained  that  distinction.  Mr 
Dickey  had  been  Master  of  Ashlar  I>odge,  High  Priest  of  King  Hiram  Chapter,  Master  of  Dunlap 
Council,  Eminent  Commander  of  Lewiston  Commandery  of  Knights  Templar,  Junior  Grand  Warden 
and  Grand  Commander  of  the  (Jrand  Lodge  of  Maine,  and  Grand  Commander  of  the  Grand  Com- 
mandery of  Maine  Knights  Templar.    He  died  in  May,  1884. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  237 

bert,  R.  A.  C;    H.  G.  Ripley,  M.  3d  V.;   W.  H.  Judkins,  M.  2d  V.;    E.  F. 

Scruton,  M.  1st  V.  This  year  died  Nathan  W.  Dutton,  Sullivan  C.  Andrews, 
G.  Henry  Jackson.  The  number  of  members  April  1,  1891,  was  173.  The 
High  Priests  from  organization  have  been  Alonzo  Andrews,  Thurston  Libby, 
Joseph  Covell,  Augustus  Callahan,  J.  P.  Gill,  Augustus  Callahan,  Wm  J. 
Burnham,  T.  M.  Varney,  Carlos  Nudd,  Francis  T.  Faulkner,  Geo.  A.  Callahan, 
A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  Frank  E.  Sleejjer,  Henry  H.  Dickey,  H.  E.  Morriscy,  Charles 
H.  Jumper,  A.S.  Plummer,  I).  I>.  Stevens,  F.  L.  Hoyt,  Albert  Ring,  Frank  H. 
Johnson,  H.  A.  Torsey,  (j.  W.  Furbush. 

Diinlap  Council,  Wo.  <S,  Jlo//al  <in(l  Select  Mnsfers,  Lewiston,  was  instituted 
October  19,  1863,  at  Lewiston,  Me,  by  M.  I.  Timothy  J.  Murray,  Grand 
Puissant  of  the  Grand  Council  of  R.  and  S.  Masons  of  the  State  of  Maine, 
with  the  following  charter  members:  Joseph  Covell,  William  Atwood,  (iordon 
R.  Gardew,  Augustus  Callahan,  11.  H.  Dickey,  Joseph  P.  Gill,  Aurin  L.  Dresser, 
John  G.  Cook,  Dorville  J^ibby.  The  officers  appointed  at  the  first  organization 
of  the  Council  were:  Augustus  Callahan,  T.  1.  Master;  H.  H.  Dickey,  R.  I. 
Master;  and  John  G.  Cook,  I.  Master.  At  the  meeting  on  above  mentioned 
date  the  degrees  were  conferred  upon  three  candidates,  viz.:  Comps.  Levi 
Bates,  Oliver  11.  Maxwell,  and  David  Cowan. 

The  membership  of  the  Council  now  (March  16,  1891,)  numbers  238. 
Present  officers:  Algernon  M.  ivoak,  T.  I.  Master;  Geo.  A.  Callahan,  Dept. 
Master;  Lionel  O.  Brackett,  P.  C-.  of  Work;  Joseph  II.  Stetson,  Treas.;    John 

F.  Putnam,  Recorder;  Henry  A.  Torsey,  C.  of  Guard;  Frank  H.  Johnson,  C. 
of  Council;  Samuel  Hibbert,  Steward;  Charles  H.  Jumper,  Sentinel.  The 
following  are  the  living  Past  Thrice  Illustrious  Masters:  Theodore  M.  Varney, 
Timothy  B.  Rowell,  Warren  E.  Pressey,  M.  E.  D.  Bailey,  Chas  H.  Jumper, 
Frank  E.  Sleeper,  Chas  E.  Libby,  Wm  J.  Burrdiam,  Albert  W.  Larrabee, 
Archie  L.  Talbot,  Albert  M.  Penley,  Albert  S.  Plummer,  Frank  L.  Hoyt. 

Lewiston  Commandery,  No.  6\  KniyJits  Templar  was  opened  under  a  dispen- 
sation by  Grand  Commander  Timothy  J.  Murray,  granted  December  17,  1864,  to 
Freeman   Bradford,   H.  H.  Dickey,  S.  D.  Wakefield,   Aurin  L.  Dresser,  John 

G.  Cook,  T.  M.  Varney,  Jos.  Pearson  Gill,  A.  B.  Jones,  F.  I.  Day,  Geo.  W. 
Garcelon,  Wm  J.  Burnham,  Jos.  Covell,  M.  E.  D.  Bailey,  David  Cowan. 
Sir  Henry  H.  Dickey  was  appointed  Eminent  Commander,  Sir  Joseph  P.  Gill, 
Generallissimo,  and  Sir  David  Cowan,  Captain-General.  January  12,  1865, 
Sir  Knight  Freeman  Bradford  was  appointed  Prelate  and  Seth  D.  Wakefield, 
Recorder.  January  19  these  appointments  were  made:  Theodore  M.  Varney, 
S.  W.;  Fessenden  I.  Day,  J.  W.;  Wm  J.  Burnham,  Treas.;  Augustus  B. 
Jones,  Sw.  B.;  Aurin  L.  Dresser,  St.  B.;  M.  E.  D.  Bailey,  W. ;  Robert  M. 
Sykes,  C.  of  G.  The  commandery  was  first  officially  visited  by  R.  E.  Timothy 
J.  Murray,  Grand  Commander  of  the  Grand  Commandery  of  Maine,  April  27. 
The  first  election  of  officers  occurred  November  30,  when  were  chosen:    H.  H. 


238  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Dickey,  E.  C;  Wm  J.  Burnhain,  Gen.;  Augustus  (Callahan,  C.  G.;  Freeman 
Bradford,  Prelate  ;  David  Cowan,  Treas.;  Seth  D.  Wakefield,  Recorder;  T.  M. 
Variiey,  S.  W.;  Fessenden  I.  Day,  J.  W.  At  this  conclave  Lev^iston  Com- 
niandery  was  constituted  by  Sir  Moses  Dodge,  D.  G.  Commander  of  the  Grand 
Commandery  of  Maine,  assisted  by  Sir  Knight  Chas  F.  King  as  Grand  Marshal, 
after  which  the  officers  were  installed.  Sir  Knight  I.  H.  Maxwell  was 
appohited  St.  B.  December  28,  and  Sir  Knights  A.  Callahan  and  Jos.  P.  Gill 
appointed  Trustees.  July  4,  1860,  a  special  conclave  was  held,  which  was 
visited  by  a  large  delegation  of  Maine  Commandery.  March  2(3,  18(58,  there 
were  37  members.  September  30,  1868,  attended  the  funeral  of  Sir  Knight 
Thomas  A.  D.  Fessenden.  August  24,  1869,  the  commandery  attended  the 
yearly  parade  and  encampment  at  Cushing's  Island.  April  7,  1870,  the 
commandery  was  officially  visited  by  R.  E.  C.  H.  McClellan,  Grand  Commander, 
and  H.  H.  Dickey,  (xrand  Generallissimo,  who  installed  the  officers  elect. 
September  27  the  commandery  went  to  Lisbon  Falls  to  aid  in  constituting 
Ancient  York  Lodge.  Edw.  Bisbee  died  March  20,  1871.  August  7  attended 
the  funeral  of  P.  G.  C.  Abner  Thompson  at  Brunswick  and  assisted  in  escort 
duty.  In  the  year  ending  March  26, 1874, 17  members  were  admitted,  making 
the  membership  96.  May  28,  1874,  accepted  an  invitation  from  Tranquil 
Iwodge  of  Auburn  to  perform  escort  duty  at  the  dedication  of  its  new  hall 
June  24.  March  23,  1876,  113  members  were  reported.  February  22,  1877, 
R.  E.  Seth  C.  Gordon,  Grand  Commander,  officially  visited  the  commandery 
and  complimented  it  highly,  and  stated  that  he  had  never  visited  a  command- 
ery before  where  the  17  officers  were  all  present  and  in  their  places. 
April  26  the  retiring  commander.  Sir  Francis  T.  Faulkner,  was  presented  with 
an  elegant  gold  Past  Eminent  Commander's  jewel.  April  18  an  official  visit 
was  made  by  R.  E.  John  Bird,  Grand  C.  G.  G.  Commander  of  Maine,  who 
said  that  the  manner  in  which  the  work  was  done  gave  him  great  pleasure, 
and  that  it  had  been  done  as  nearly  correct  as  by  any  commandery  he  had 
visited.     Forty-eight  Knights    marched  out  of  Masonic  Hall  Memorial    Day, 

1878,  in  a  pouring  rain  to  do  escort  duty  for  the  Grand  Army.  July  4  the 
commandery  did  escort  duty  for  the  Lewiston  City  Government.     April  10, 

1879,  R.  E.  J.  H.  Drummond  made  an  official  visit,  and  spoke  words  of  praise 
find  encouragement.  May  22  accepted  an  invitation  from  Belfast  Freemasons 
to  assist  in  the  dedication  of  their  new  hall  July  4.  One  hundred  and  thirty- 
one  members  reported  March  25,  1880.  September  26,  1880,  attended  the 
memorial  services  of  President  Garfield,  at  City  Hall.  R.  E.  Edward  P. 
Burnham,  Grand  Commander  of  Maine,  and  a  large  delegation  from  Dunlap 
Commandery,  visited  the  commandery  December  8,  1881. 

October  26,  1882,  a  petition  was  received  from  Knights  Templar  residing 
in  Auburn  and  vicinity,  asking  permission  to  form  a  commandery  at  Auburn, 
which  was  not  favored.     April  5,  1883,  commandery  was  officially  visited  by 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  239 

R.  E.  Charles  B.  Morton,  Grand  Captain  General  of  the  Grand  Commandery. 
June  7  was  a  gala  day.  A  special  conclave  was  held,  and  R.  E.  Sir  Isaac  S. 
Bangs,  of  Waterville,  Grand  Commander  of  the  Grand  Commandery  of  Maine, 
was  present  as  a  guest  and  installed  the  officers-elect  in  a  public  instaUation. 
The  ceremonies  were  interspersed  with  vocal  and  instrumental  music  of  a  high 
order,  and  readings  by  Mrs  J.  'i\  Waterhouse,  of  Boston.  Afterwards  a 
banquet  was  served,  followed  by  one  of  the  most  elegant  society  entertainments 
ever  given  in  the  state.  March  20,  18<S4,  V.  E.  John  O.  Shaw,  D.  G.  Com- 
mander of  the  Grand  Commandery  of  Maine,  made  an  official  visit.  He  was 
accompanied  by  large  delegations  from  Maine  Commandery  No.  1,  of  Gardiner, 
Portland  Commandery  No.  2,  Portland,  Bradford  Commandery  No.  4,  Bidde- 
ford,  Dunlap  Commandery  No.  5,  Bath,  Trinity  Commandery  No.  7,  Augusta, 
St  Alban  Commandery  No.  8,  of  Portland,  Claremont  Commander}^  No.  9, 
Rockland,  and  St  Omer  Commandery  No.  12,  Waterville.  There  were  64 
visitors  present.  April  15,  36  Knights  visited  Dunlap  Commandery  No.  5, 
Bath.  June  2  an  order  was  issued  by  the  Grand  Commander  ordering,  as  a 
tribute  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  R.  E.  Sir  Henry  H.  Dickey,  P.  G.  C.  of  the 
Grand  Commandery,  that  the  asylum  of  each  subordinate  commandery  in  this 
grand  jurisdiction  be  draped  in  mourning  for  60  days.  June  23  and  24  a 
pilgrimage  was  made  to  Lake  Winnipesaukee  and  Dover,  N.  H.  Number  of 
members  reported  March  26,  1885,  was  175.  May  28  Past  Commander  Wm 
J.  Burnham  was  installed  into  the  office  of  Grand  Senior  Warden  of  the 
Grand  Commandery  of  Maine,  by  E.  C.  Frank  E.  Sleeper.  July  7  a  special 
conclave  was  held  to  extend  a  complimentary  escort  and  banquet  to  St 
Alban  Commandery  No.  8,  of  Portland.  November  26  an  invitation  was 
received  from  the  Grand  Encampment  of  Knights  Templar  of  the  United 
States  for  this  commandery  to  assist  in  escorting  the  Grand  Encampment  at  its 
Twenty-third  Triennial  Conclave  at  St  Louis  in  September.  Caleb  Blake  and 
Alonzo  F.  Sanborn  have  died  this  year. 

January  7,  1886,  E.  G.  C.  G.  Joseph  Y.  Hodsdon  made  an  official  visit, 
escorted  by  Portland,  Dunlap,  and  St  Alban  commanderies.  During  this 
conclave  E.  S.  Albro  E.  Chase,  on  behalf  of  the  Knights  of  St  Alban 
Commandery,  presented  Lewiston  Commandery  with  an  elegantly  engraved 
memorial  as  a  token  of  appreciation  of  Knightly  courtesies  extended  them 
and  their  ladies  on  July  7.  April  10,  1887,  attended  the  obsequies  of  the  late 
Prelate  David  Cowan,  who  died  April  6.  Among  the  visitors.  May  19,  were 
E.  I.  Garfield,  P.  G.  Commander  of  Michigan  and  Past  Commander  of  Detroit. 
February  2,  1888,  number  of  members  reported,  106.  April  5  R.  E.  Wm  J. 
Burnham,  Grand  Commander  of  the  Grand  Commandery  of  Maine,  returned 
thanks,  in  behalf  of  himself  and  suite,  for  the  recent  reception  tendered  them 
by  this  commandery  at  City  Hall.  June  22  entertained  St  Johns  Commandery 
of  Bangor,  and  escorted  them  to  Poland  Springs.     Sir  Knights  Arthur  Sands 


240  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  Rodney  F.  Foss  died  in  1888.  January  17,  1889,  official  visit,  as 
inspecting  officer,  of  V.  E.  Sir  Edwin  M.  Fuller,  D.  G.  C.  of  the  Grand 
Commandery.  He  was  accompanied  by  his  suite  and  distinguished  Knights 
from  various  commanderies.  Sir  Knight  Daniel  M.  Teague  died  December  9. 
January  28,  1890,  R.  E.  Joseph  A.  Locke,  G.  C.  of  the  Grand  Commandery, 
accompanied  by  liis  suite  and  prominent  Knights  of  Dunlap,  Portland,  and 
St  Alban  commanderies,  made  an  official  visit  of  inspection.  Two  hundred 
and  thirteen  members  were  reported  February  H.  February  27  Past  E.  C. 
Alo"ernon  M.  Roak  was  presented  with  a  Past  Commander's  jewel  as  a  token 
of  appreciation  of  his  services.  September  4  procured  a  testimonial  to  be 
presented  to  De  Molay  Commandery.  January  15,  1891,  inspecting  officer, 
I\.  E.  Sir  Edwin  M.  Fuller,  G.  C,  visited  the  commandery  with  his  suite. 
February  5  accepted  an  invitation  from  Sir  Knight  C.  A.  Hayden  to  attend,  in 
a  body,  divine  service  at  Elm  Street  Church,  Auburn,  on  Easter  Sunday. 

The  commanders  have  been:  Henry  H.  Dickey,  1865-1868;  William  J. 
Burnham,  1868-1870  ;  Augustus  Callahan,  1870-1871 ;  David  Cowan,  1871- 
1872;  Fessenden  I.  Day,  1872-1874;  Frank  T.  Faulkner,  1874-1877  ;  George 
S.  Woodman,  1877-1878;  Theodore  M.  Varney,  1878-1880;  Charles  H.  Jumper, 
1880-1882;  Albert  M.  Penley,  1882-1884;  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  1884-1886; 
William  F.  Wood,  1880-1888;  Algernon  M.  Roak,  1888-1890;  Danville  IJ. 
Stevens,  present  commander.  The  recorders  have  been  :  Seth  I).  Wakefield 
until  April,  1868;  George  S.  Woodman  until  April,  1869;  F.  O.  Sands  elected 
April,  1870;  M.  E.  D.  Bailey  elected  March,  1872;  Jol)n  F.  Putnam  elected 
March,  1873  ;  F.  I.  Day  elected  March,  1874 ;  Horace  C.  Little  elected  March, 
1883.  The  treasurers  have  been  :  Wm  J.  Burnham  until  November  16,  1865, 
when  David  C'owan  was  elected.  George  H.  Nye  was  chosen  March  28,  1867 ; 
he  left  the  city,  and  July  25,  1867,  John  W.  Farwell  was  appointed  and  held 
the  office  until  April  7, 1870,  when  Wm  J.  Burnham  was  elected.  The  officers 
for  1891  are:  Danville  B.  Stevens,  E.  C. ;  W.  Freeman  Lord,  G.;  Charles  E. 
Libby,  C.  G. ;  Fessenden  L  Day,  P. ;  Elbridge  G.  Heath,  S.  W. ;  Albert  S. 
Plummer,  J.  W. ;  Wm  J.  Burnham,  Treas. ;  Horace  C.  Little,  R. ;  Lavater  O. 
Morse,  St.  B. ;  Frank  H.  Johnson,  Sw.  B. ;  Samuel  Hibbert,  W. ;  Henry  L.  Has- 
kell, 3d  G.;  Roscoe  E.  Atwood,  2d  G. ;  Eben  W.  Dresser,  1st  G. ;  Charles  H. 
Jumper,  S.  The  stated  conclaves  are  held  in  Masonic  Hall  on  the  first  Thurs- 
day of  each  month ;  the  annual  conclaves  in  February.  This  commandery 
has  had  a  brilliant  and  prosperous  existence,  and  never  were  its  prospects 
better  for  a  long  term  of  activity  and  usefulness.  The  number  of  members 
at  last  report  was  231. 

Lewiston  Lodge  of  Perfection,  A.  A.  S.  Rite,  was  organized  January  27, 
1876,  under  a  dispensation  granted  by  the  Supreme  Council,  January  19,  1876, 
to  Henry  Holden  Dickey,  Fessenden  Irving  Day,  Augustus  Callahan,  Joseph 
Harvey    Stetson,  David  Cowan,   George  Stoves   Follensbee,  Francis  Thomas 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  241 

Faulkner,  John  W.  Ballon,  Charles  Albert  Coombs,  William  Jackson  Burn- 
ham,  and  Theodore  Murray  Varney.  The  first  officers  elected  were  :  Wm  J. 
Burnham,  T.  P.  G.  Master;  F.  I.  Day,  D.  G.  M. ;  Augustus  Callahan,  V.  S.  G. 
Warden;  F.  T.  Faulkner,  V.  J.  G.  W.;  H.  H.  Dickey,  G.  Orator;  Joseph  H. 
Stetson,  G.  Treas.  and  Sec. ;  T.  M.  Varney,  G.  M.  of  C. ;  Geo.  S.  Follensbee, 
G.  C.  of  G. ;  David  Cowan,  G.  Hospitaler;  John  W.  Ballou,  G.  Tyler.  Wm 
J.  Burnham  was  T.  P.  G,  Master  from  January  27,  1876,  to  February,  1(S7H; 
Augustus  Callahan  from  February,  1878,  to  February,  1879;  Fessenden  I.  Day 
from  February,  1879,  to  February,  1883;  T.  M.  Varney  from  February,  1883, 
to  February,  1885;  Charles  H.  Jumper  from  February,  1885,  to  February,  1887  ; 
A.  M,  Penley  from  February,  1887,  to  February,  1889;  F.  F^.  Sleeper  from  Feb- 
ruary, 1889,  to  February,  1891,  when  the  present  officers  were  elected:  Elbridge 
G.  Heath,  T.  P.  (J.  Master;  Charles  E.  Libby,  D.  G.  M.;  Wm  F.  Wood,  V.  S. 
G.  Warden;  A.  M.  Roak,  V.  J.  G.  W.;  Wm  F.  Lord,  G.  Orator;  Joseph  H. 
Stetson,  G.  Treas.;  John  Garner,  G.  Sec;  James  T.  Tarbox,  G.  M.  of  C;  F. 
H.  Johnson,  G.  C.  of  G. ;  Samuel  Hibbert,  G.  Hospitaler;  C.  H.  Jumper,  G. 
Tyler.  Joseph  H.  Stetson  has  been  G.  Treasurer  ever  since  its  organization; 
John  Garner  G.  Secretavy  since  February,  1883.  There  were  105  members. 
May  1,  1891. 

Tyrian  Lodye.,  No.  73,' F.  tf  A.  M.,  Mechanic  Falls.  —  A  dispensation  was 
granted  by  G.  M.  John  C.  Humphrey,  January  21,  1853,  to  Geo.  Moore,  Daniel 
W.  True,  Nathaniel  Bray,  Augustus  Golderman,  George  Hathaway,  Josiah 
Carr,  and  Samuel  Atwood,  to  open  and  hold  a  Freemason's  lodge  to  be  known 
as  Fraternal  Lodge;  George  Moore  was  named  as  first  Master,  D.  W.  True  as 
Senior  Warden,  Nathaniel  Bray  as  Junior  Warden.  The  first  meeting  U.  D. 
was  held  January  24,  1853,  with  the  original  members  all  present  and  two 
visitors.  Bros.  True,  Carr,  and  Moore  were  chosen  to  draft  by-laws  which 
were  reported  and  adopted  January  27.  These  are  preserved  and  show  a  clear 
knowledge  of  Masonic  and  parliamentary  law  on  the  part  of  the  framers.  At 
this  meeting  five  applications  were  received.  February  10,  at  the  sixth 
communication,  Ellis  D.  Moore  was  initiated  and  "passed."  He  is  now  the 
oldest  Mason  of  the  lodge.  The  next  oldest  is  Lorenzo  Edgecorab,  initiated 
and  "passed"  March  17.  Fraternal  Lodge  held  but  19  communications,  for 
when  a  charter  was  granted.  May  10,  1853,  it  was  to  Tyrian  Lodge,  No.  78, 
with  rank  of  precedence  from  January  1,  1853.  The  meetings  U.  D.,  and 
until  the  fitting  up  of  the  hall  now  occupied,  were  in  Moore's  Hall,  in  Minot. 
June  18,  1853,  M.  W.  G.  M.  Freeman  Bradford  opened  a  grand  lodge  in  the 
building  in  which  the  lodge  held  its  meetings,  and  proceeding  to  the  hall 
consecrated  Tyrian  Lodge  and  installed  its  officers.  They  were  George  Moore, 
W.  M.;  S.  B.  Hutchins,  S.  W.;  D.  P.  Atwood,  J.  W.;  Josiah  Carr,  Treas.; 
A.  Golderman,  Sec;  and  subordinates.  Twenty-two  Masons  were  made 
during  the  year.     The  officers  elected  for  1854  were  those  of  1853,  with  W.  F. 


242  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Milliken  secretary  in  place  of  Golderman.  Nine  Masons  were  made  during 
the  year  and  two  diniitted.  Seven  received  the  third  degree  in  1855,  and  the 
officers  elected  were  D.  P.  Atwood,  W.  M.;  S.  B.  Hutchins,  S.  W.;  Clement 
Phinney,  J.  W.;  Josiah  Carr,  Treas. ;  W.  F.  Milliken,  Sec.  June  24  occurred 
the  first  expulsion  from  the  lodge.  In  1856  four  were  made  Masons  and  two 
dimitted.  D.  P.  Atwood  was  W.  M.;  S.  B.  Hutchins,  S.  W.;  Josiah  Carr, 
J.  W.;  Tristram  Durell,  Treas.;  W.  W.  Knight,  Sec.  This  year  died  Nathaniel 
Bray,  May  29,^  and  Otis  Waterhouse,  October  12.^ 

The  elective  officers  for  1857  and  1858  were:  Josiah  Carr,  W.  M.;  Augus- 
tus Golderman,  S.  W.;  A.  P.  Lamb,  J.  W. ;  T.  Durell,  Treas.;  O.  B.  Dwinal, 
Sec.  Eight  Masons  were  made  and  one  added  by  dimit  in  1857,  and  five  were 
added  in  1858  and  one  dimitted.  January  28,  1858,  a  large  Bible,  square,  and 
compasses  for  altar  service,  were  presented  to  the  lodge  by  the  ladies  of  Poland 
and  Minot  interested  in  its  welfare.  In  1859  three  were  initiated.  The  officers 
in  1859  were:  Augustus  Golderman,  W.  M.;  A.  P.  Lamb,  S.  W. ;  C.  D. 
Hackett,  J.  W.;  W.  C.  Dwinal,  Treas.;  E.  G.  Hawkes,  Sec.  In  1860  the  same, 
except  treasurer,  D.  P.  Atwood,  being  chosen.  This  year  a  public  installation 
was  held  and  a  banquet  followed,  enjoyed  by  many.  Five  were  initiated, 
passed,  and  raised  this  year.  1861  —  the  same  officers  were  chosen.  Eleven 
were  made  Masons,  one  dimitted,  and  one  (John  Stinchfield)  died.  The  lodge 
was  incorporated  this  year  by  legislative  enactment.  1862  —  Alonzo  P.  Lamb, 
W.  M.;  C.  D.  Hackett,  S.  W.;  J.  M.  Eveleth,  J.  W.;  D.  P.  Atwood,  Treas.; 
E.  G.  Hawkes,  Sec.  June  24  attended  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  intro- 
duction of  Masonry  into  Maine,  held  at  Portland.  Four  were  made  Masons 
this  year,  and  eight  in  1863.  In  1863  C.  D.  Hackett  was  W.  M.;  John  M. 
Eveleth,  S.  W.;  G.  W.  Seaverns,  J.  W.;  same  secretary  and  treasurer.  Bro. 
Burbank  Spiller  was  buried  with  Masonic  honors  April  15.  Enlisting  in  the 
Fifth  Maine  in  the  spring  of  1861  he  rose  rapidly  from  private  to  a  captaincy, 
and  died  from  disease  contracted  in  service.  1864  —  J.  M.  Eveleth,  W.  M. ; 
G.  W.  Seaverns,  S.  W. ;  F.  H.  Cobb,  J.  W.;  A.  T.  Denison,  Treas.;  E.  G. 
Hawkes,  Sec,  with  other  officers  were  publicly  installed.  Twenty-five  were 
initiated  this  year  and  three  died  —  Levi  Verrill,  Willard  W.  Woodman, 
Charles  W.  Jordan.  1865  —  elective  officers,  except  secretary,  same  as  1864. 
W.  C.  Dwinal  now  assumes  the  pen.  August  12  was  buried  Bro.  Mark  D. 
Curtis,  and  September  15  Augustus  B.  Dwinal.^     Twenty-seven  were  made  this 

1  Brother  Bray  was  made  a  Mason  in  Cumberlaud  Lodge  January  20, 1826,  was  a  charter  member  of 
Tyrian  Lodge,  a  worthy  and  faithful  brother. 

-Brother  Waterhouse  was  son  of  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  and  was  born  in  Poland  in  1831.  Educated 
by  his  own  efforts,  he  bcseame  a  successful  teacher,  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856. 
He  gave  promise  of  a  brilliant  career. 

s  He  was  son  of  Alexander  Dwinal  of  Minot.  Instead  of  entering  college,  for  which  he  fitted,  he 
was  one  of  the  first  to  enlist  as  a  Union  soldier,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant  and  wounded,  from  the 
effects  of  which  he  died. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  243 

year.  1866— E.  G.  Hawkes,  W.  M.;  P.  R.  Cobb,  S.  W. ;  Geo.  W.  Slioles,  J. 
W. ;  G.  W.  Seaverns,  Treas.;  W.  G.  Millett,  Sec.  Eight  were  initiated, 
passed,  and  raised.  1867  — Prescott  R.  Cobb,  W.  M.;  G.  W.  Sholes,  S.  W. ; 
H.  B.  King,  J.  W.;  S.  G.  Spurr,  Treas.;  W.  G.  Millett,  Sec.  Fourteen  joined 
this  year  by  election  and  initiation.  1868  —  P.  R.  Cobb,  W.  M.;  G.  W.  Sholes, 
S.  W.;  E.  F.  Ross,  J.  W.;  S.  G.  Spurr,  Treas.;  W.  G.  Millett,  Sec.  This  year 
were  buried  Bros.  W.  C.  Dwinal^  and  Simeon  W.  Hawkes.  1869  —  Geo.  W. 
Sholes,  VV.  M.;  E.  F.  Ross,  S.  W.;  D.  B.  Perry,  J.  W. ;  F.  H.  Cobb,  Treas.; 
E.  A.  Gammon,  Sec.  Ten  Masons  were  made  and  one  (William  Cousens) 
buried  this  year.  1870  — E.  F.  Ross,  W.  M. ;  D.  B.  Perry,  S.  W.;  C.  H. 
Dwinal,  J.  W. ;  John  Richardson,  Treas. ;  E.  A.  Gammon,  Sec.  February  10 
a  Masonic  Board  of  Trustees  having  been  incorporated,  the  lodge  voted  to 
surrender  its  civil  charter  and  transfer  its  funds  to  the  treasurer  of  the  board 
of  trustees.  Bro.  Samuel  Atwood,  a  charter  member  and  a  Mason  since  1815, 
died  February  10,  aged  82.     By  this  time  179  members  have  been  admitted. 

So  far  we  have  followed  the  manuscript  history  prepared  for  the  Grand 
Lodge.  November  30  Past  Master  Dimon  B.  Perry  presented  the  lodge  with 
large  photographs  of  all  Past  Masters.  These  hang  on  the  walls  of  the  lodge 
room  in  substantial  frames,  and  from  this  year  it  has  been  an  unwritten  law  of 
the  lodge  that  each  Master  shall  add  his  framed  photograph  to  the  number. 
Nine  were  made  Masons  this  year,  four  dimitted,  one  died.  In  1871  Edward 
Ross  was  W.  M. ;  D.  B.  Perry,  S.  W.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  J.  W.;  John  Richardson, 
Treas.;  F.  C.  Whitehouse,  Sec.  In  1872, 1873, 1874,  Dimon  B.  Perry,  W.  M.  ; 
Hiram  B.  King,  S.  W. ;  J.  Richardson,  J.  W.;  F.  C.  Whitehouse,  Treas.;  J.  S. 
Merrill,  Sec.  February  1,  1872,  was  held  the  first  meeting  of  Tyrian  Lodge  in 
its  present  well-arranged  and  convenient  hall  in  Denison  Block,  Poland,  when 
the  lodge  room  was  dedicated  under  the  auspices  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  repre- 
sented by  M.  W.  Henry  H.  Dickey,  P.  G.  M.,  who  publicly  installed  the 
officers.  October  9,  1873,  the  lodge  assisted  in  constituting  Union  R.  A. 
Chapter.  Thirty-seven  were  initiated,  11  dimitted,  and  seven  died  in  these 
three  years.  1875  — H.  B.  King  was  W.  M.;  J.  Richardson,  S.  W. ;  E.  F. 
Stevens,  J.  W.;  A.  J.  Weston,  Treas.;  T.  S.  Turner,  Sec.  In  1876,  J.  Rich- 
ardson, W.  M. ;  E.  F.  Stevens,  S.  W.;  C.  E.  Stoddard,  J.  W. ;  A.  J.  Weston, 
Treas.;  H.  C.  Bray,  Sec.  April  6,  1876,  the  time  of  the  annual  meeting  was 
changed  from  January  to  October.  In  1877,  J.  Richardson,  W.  M.;  E.  F. 
Stevens,  S.  W.;  John  F.  Briggs,  J.  W.;  A.  J.  Weston,  Treas.;  E.  F.  Edge- 
comb,  Sec.  1878-1879  — E.  F.  Stevens,  W.  M. ;  J.  M.  Libby,  S.  W. ;  H.  N. 
Whittle,  J.  W.;  A.J.  Weston,  Treas.;  E.  F.  Edgecomb,  Sec.  1880  — Jesse  M. 
Libby,  W.  M  ;  H.  M.  Whittle,  S.  W.;  Charles  H.  Adams,  J.  W.;  A.  J.  Weston, 
Treas.;  E.  F.  Edgecomb,  Sec.     1881  —  same  officers  as  1880  except  James  H. 

iWinfield  C.  Dwinal,  son  of  Jacob.    He  was  prominent  in  Minot  business  affairs,  was  a  mercliant 
aud  paper  manufacturer,  and  later  a  member  of  the  mercantile  house  of  D.  W.  True  &  Co.,  of  Portland. 


244  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Harper  is  J.  W.     1882— H.  N.  Whittle,  W.  M. ;  John  F.  Briggs,  S.  W.;  Hollis 

C.  Bray,  J.  W.;  I).  B.  Perry,  Treas.  (which  office  he  has  since  held);  E.  F. 
Edgecomb,  Sec.  1883  — H.  N.  Whittle,  W.  M.;  H.  C.  Bray,  S.  W.;  D.  R. 
Greenwood,  J.  W. ;  C.  E.  Stoddard,  Sec.  1884— H.  C.  Bray,  W.  M.;  E.  F. 
Edgecomb,  S.  W.;  J.  H.  King,  J.  W.;  C.  E.  Stoddard,  Sec.  1885,  1886— E. 
F.  Edgecomb,  W.  M.;  J.  H.  King,  S.  W.;  Thos.  B.  Davis,  J.  W.;  E.  F.  Ross, 
Sec.  1887,  1888  — J.  H.  Kifig,  W.  M.;  F.  R.  Harmon,  S.  W. ;  H.  E.  Dennen, 
J.  W.;  O.  H.  Guptill,  Sec.  1889  — Frank  R.  Harmon,  W.  M.;  H.  E.  Dennen, 
S.  W.;  T.  B.  Davis,  J.  W. ;  O.  H.  Guptill,  Sec.  1890— F.  R.  Harmon,  W. 
H.  E.  Dennen,  S.  W. ;  J.  H.  DeCoster,  J.  W. ;  P.  R.  Cobb,  Sec.  1891  —  H.  E. 
Dennen,  W.  M. ;  O.  H.  Guptill,  S.  W. ;  F.  O.  Purington,  J.  W.;  D.  B.  Perry, 
Treas. ;  F.  C.  Bucknam,  Sec. 

Tyrian  I^odge  has  had  a  most  prosperous  existence.  Twelve  candidates 
have  been  initiated  this  year,  and  the  membership  in  March,  1891,  was  201. 
The  lodge  has  an  invested  fund  of  't2,300,  owns  the  furnishings  and  finishings 
of  its  hall,  which  was  fitted  up  by  the  lodge.  Many  pleasant  things  have 
occurred  to  strengthen  the  bonds  of  fraternity,  and  one  incident  shows  the 
far-extending,  watchful  care  of  the  brotherhood.  A  letter  was  received  by  the 
secretary  from  W.  M.  James  Smith,  of  Monumental  Lodge  of  Baltimore,  under 
date  of  July  31,  1804,  stating  that  several  trunks  had  been  picked  up  at  sea 
off  Cape  Henry,  and  on  opening  them  in  one  was  found  a  diploina  purporting 
to  belong  to  Frank  M.  Cobb,  a  member  of  this  lodge,  and  the  letter  was  written 
to  give  him,  or  members  of  his  family,  notice  that  the  trunk  was  safely  cared 
for  and  requesting  orders  for  its  disposition.  The  work  of  this  lodge  has  ever 
been  complimented  highl}^  by  the  visiting  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  and  its 
record  stands  second  to  none  in  its  district,  and  the  attendance  has  always  been 
large.  But  few  have  held  office  in  the  Grand  Lodge:  Daniel  P.  Atwood  in 
1857  and  1861,  John  M.  Eveleth  in  1871,  Dimon  B.  Perry  in  1876,  Edward  F. 
Stevens  in  1881  and  1882  have  been  District  Deputy  Grand  Masters,  and  E.  F. 
Edgecomb  was  a  member  of  the  standing  committee  on  returns  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  in  1886  and  1887.  Daniel  W.  True  and  W.  F.  Milliken,  made  Masons 
in  this  lodge,  later  became  prominent  business  men  of  Portland.  The  lodge 
has  a  select  library  of  several  hundred  volumes. 

Union  Moijul  Arch  Chapter,  JSfo.  36,  Merhanic  Falls.  —  In  1872,  ninth 
month,  twenty-sixth  day,  G.  H.  P.  John  W.  Ballou  granted  to  J.  M.  Eveleth, 

D.  B.  Perry,  C.  H.  Dwinal,  J.  L.  Tenney,  Josiah  Carr,  A.  Golderman,  D.  H. 
McCann,  Adna  T.  Denison,  E.  F.  Stevens,  W.  B.  Bucknam,  S.  G.  Hatch,  F. 

E.  Crockett,  A.  O.  Noyes,  M.  M.  Fuller,  Calvin  E.  Evans,  H.  D.  Smith,  S. 

F.  Sargent,  George  Moore,  Zenas  Thompson,  John  Hooper,  W.  G.  Lowell, 
Luther  Perkins,  D.  S.  Perkins,  Mark  Crockett,  Ceylon  Watson,  and  George  E. 
Hawkes,  a  dispensation  for  a  chapter  of  Royal  Arch  Masons  at  Mechanic  Falls. 
J.  M.  Eveleth  was  appointed  H.  P.;   E.  F.  Stevens,  K.;   and  D.  B.  Perry,  S. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies,  245 

The  chapter  held  its  first  meeting  October  8,  1872.  The  charter  was  granted 
May  7,  1873.  The  charter  members  were  D.  B.  Perry,  E.  F.  Stevens,  J.  L. 
Tenney,  Josiah  Carr,  A.  Golderman,  D.  N.  McCann,  G.  E.  Hawkes,  Mark 
Crockett,  C.  H.  Dwinal,  A.  T.  Denison,  W.  G.  Lowell,  W.  B.  Bucknam,  A. 
Oscar  Noyes,  Fred  E.  Crockett,  David  G.  Millett,  S.  G.  Hatch,  L.  B.  Weeks, 
C.  F.  Durell,  J.  M.  Eveleth,  George  Moore,  Zenas  Thompson,  Luther  Perkins, 
H.  D.  Smith,  James  S.  Merrill,  Wm  H.  Pierce,  Thos  S.  Turner,  Geo.  H. 
Butler,  Moses  S.  Jordan,  Jeffrey  Parsons,  Geo.  W.  Hobbs,  Charles  A.  Pierce, 
Albert  E.  Sawyer,  Hiram  B.  King.  G.  H.  P.  Horace  H.  Burbank  constituted 
the  chapter  October  9,  1873,  and  these  officers  were  installed:  J.  M.  Eveleth, 
H.  P.;  E.  F.  Stevens,  K.;  D.  B.  Perry,  S.;  W.  B.  Bucknam,  Treas.;  C.  H. 
Dwinal,  Sec;  Zenas  Thompson,  Chap.;  D.  N.  McCann,  C.  H.;  A.  T.  Denison, 
P.  S.;  H.  B.  King,  R.  A.  C;  J.  L.  Tenney,  M.  3d  V.;  J.  S.  Merrill,  M.  2d  V.; 
S.  H.  Hutchinson,  M.  1st  V.;  Charles  A.  Pierce,  Sent.  Officers  for  1874:  J. 
M.  Eveleth,  H.  P.;  E.  F.  Stevens,  K.;  D.  B.  Perry,  S.;  W.  B.  Bucknam, 
Treas.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Sec;  1875  — E.  F.  Stevens,  H.  P.;  D.  B.Perry,  K.; 
Thomas  S.  Turner,  S.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Treas.;  Hollis  C.  Bray,  Sec;  1876  — 
E.  F.  Stevens,  H.  P.;  P.  R.  Cobb,  K.;  J.  S.  Merrill,  S.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Treas.; 
J.  E.  Adams,  Sec;  1877  — E.  F.  Stevens,  H.  P.;  P.  R.  Cobb,  K.;  S.  H. 
Hutchinson,  S.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Treas.;  J.  S.  Merrill,  Sec;  1878  — P.  R.  Cobb, 
H.  P.;  J.  M.  Eveleth,  K.;  J.  F.  Briggs,  S.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Treas.;  J.  S. 
Merrill,  Sec;  1879-1880  — P.  R.  Cobb,  H.  P.;  J.  F.  Briggs,  K.;  W.  Waters, 
S.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Treas.;  E.  F.  Stevens,  Sec;  1881  — J.  F.  Briggs,  H.  P.; 
Wm  Waters,  K.;  H.  C.  Bray,  S.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Treas.;  E.  F.  Stevens, 
Sec  John  F.  Briggs,  H.  P.,  was  buried  with  Masonic  honors  March  15, 
1882.  A  dispensation  was  given  this  year  changing  the  place  of  meeting  to 
Norway,  and  in  1883  that  place  was  continued  as  the  home  of  the  chapter. 

Nezinscof  Ludf/e,  JVo.  101,  Turner.  —  In  1859  several  members  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  residing  in  this  town,  desiring  more  of  the  benefits  of  the 
order  than  could  be  given  by  the  lodges  to  which  they  held  allegiance 
conceived  the  idea  of  a  lodge  in  I'nruer,  which  was  fostered  by  informal 
meetings  held  in  the  law  office  of  M.  T.  Ludden,  and  culminated  in  a  petition 
to  the  Grand  Lodge  for  a  dispensation  signed  by  Geo.  W.  Turner,  Hira 
Bradford,  H.  M.  Mayo,  Philo  (lark,  Seth  D.  Andrews,  Deering  Farrar,  F.  M. 
Mayo,  M.  T.  Ludden,  Wm  Bray,  Henry  Turner,  Chas  E.  Bradford,  Gilbert 
Phillips,  Rufus  Prince,  Lewis  A.  Farrar.  Tliey  were  vouched  for  "by  lYanquil 
Lodge  of  Danville,"  and  the  petition  was  countersigned  by  R.  W.  Augustus 
Callahan,  D.  D.  G.  M.  of  the  second  Masonic  district. 

A  dispensation  was  granted  March  1,  1860,  and  the  first  regular  communi- 
cation was  held  at  Masonic  Hall,  March  3,  1860.  There  were  present  Geo.  W. 
Turner,  W.  M. ;  Seth  D.  Andrews,  S.  W.  ;  Horatio  M.  Mayo,  J.  W.  — the 
officers  named  in  the  dispensation,  and  these  brethren,  Hira  Bradford,  Deering 


246  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Farrar,  Lewis  A.  Farrar,  F.  M.  Mayo,  M.  T.  Ludden,  Hufus  Prince,  Charles 
E.  Bradford,  Henry  Turner,  Gilbert  Phillips.  Deering  Farrar  was  chosen 
treasurer;  Kufus  Prince,  Sec;  C.  E.  Bradford,  S.  D. ;  H.  Turner,  J.  D. ; 
G.  Phillips,  S.  S.;  F.  M.  Mayo,  J.  S. ;  Philo  Clark,  M.;  M.  T.  Ludden,  Tyler. 
Five  petitions  for  membership  were  presented  and  the  new  lodge  started  under 
very  favorable  auspices.  June  2,  1860,  occurred  the  first  election  of  officers: 
G.  W.  Turner,  W.  M.;  S.  D.  Andrews,  S.  W.;  H.  M.  Mayo,  J.  W. ;  D.  Farrar, 
Treas.;  Kufus  Prince,  Sec.  June  23  was  a  great  day  for  the  new  lodge.  A 
past  master's  lodge  was  opened  by  M.  W.  Josiah  H.  Drummond,  Grand 
Master,  W.  M. ;  M.  W.  Keuel  Washburn,  S.  W.;  Joseph  Covell,  J.  W.;  other 
officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  filling  the  other  stations.  The  degree  of  past 
master  was  then  conferred  on  G.  W.  Turner,  the  master-elect,  after  which  the 
Grand  Lodge  officers  "consecrated,  constituted,  and  dedicated  Nezinscot 
Lodge  in  ample  form,"  and  the  officers  were  publicly  installed  in  the  Baptist 
church.  June  26,  1861,  were  elected  Geo.  W.  Turner,  W.  M.;  S.  D. 
Andrews,  S.  W. ;  Silas  Morse,  J.  W. ;  D.  Farrar,  Treas. ;  11.  Prince,  Sec. ; 
M.  T.  Ludden,  S.  S.;  H.  Turner,  J.  D.  December  14  a  contribution  was  sent 
to  the  erection  fund  of  the  Dunlap  monument.  In  1862  the  officers  of  1861 
were  re-elected.  The  celebration  of  the  anniversary  of  the  introduction  of 
Masonry  into  Maine,  held  at  Portland,  June  24,  was  attended  as  a  lodge. 
January  3,  1863,  a  committee  was  chosen  "  to  procure  a  legislative  charter. " 
January  24,  Masonic  rites  were  held  in  memory  of  Thomas  W.  Davis,  who  died 
in  the  army.  June  17  Hira  Bradford's  funeral  services  were  conducted. 
June  27,  1863,  elected  Seth  D.  Andrews,  W.  M.;  Charles  E.  Bradford,  S.  W.; 
M.  T.  Ludden,  J.  W.;  Phillips  Bradford,  Treas.;  Jas.  P.  Waterman,  Sec; 
H.  C.  Haskell,  S.  D.;  Eland  Fuller,  J.  D.  July  25  officers  installed  by  R.  W. 
D.  D.  G.  M.  Joseph  P.  Gill.  August  12  the  burial  services  of  Gen.  Alden 
Blossom  were  attended.  April  16,  1864,  G.  W.  Turner  was  chosen  rep- 
resentative to  the  Grand  Lodge.  May  21  voted  to  attend  the  celebration 
of  St  John's  day  to  be  held  at  Livermore  Falls.  June  8  a  special  meeting 
was  held  at  the  house  of  Timothy  Pratt  to  bury  Major  Archibald  D.  Leavitt 
with  Masonic  honors.     Charles  E.  Bradford  was  W.  M.  this  year. 

Up  to  this  period  much  good  material  had  been  incorporated  into  the  lodge. 
October  11  the  funeral  services  of  Bro.  W.  H.  Torrey,  "died  in  battle,"  were  held. 
November  15  the  funeral  of  Bro.  W.  M.  Bridgham  was  attended.  Officers, 
18(55 :  M.  T.  Ludden,  W.  M. ;  L.  P.  Bradford,  S.  W. ;  Thomas  W.  Bowman, 
J.  W.;  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Treas.;  J.  B.  Waterman,  Sec;  Charles  Blake,  S.  I).; 
Gilbert  Piiillips,  J.  D.  August  5  the  lodge  instructed  tlie  W.  M.  to  pay  Cyrus 
Cole  i|500  for  a  deed  of  the  hall,  building,  and  land.  August  25,  1866,  voted 
1800  for  repairs.  M.  T.  Ludden  was  Master  in  1866;  D.  H.  Teague,  Sec;  L. 
P.  Bradford,  S.  W.;  T.  W.  Bowman,  J.  W.  Bro.  G.  W.  Turner  is  now  D.  D.  G. 
M.;  Philo  Clark,  Representative.     1867  — officers  elected,  L.  P.  Bradford,  W. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  247 

M.;  Henry  Turner,  S.  W.;  H.  C.  Haskell,  J.  W.;  D.  H.  Teague,  Sec.  April  4, 
1868,  the  petition  for  a  new  lodge  at  Buckfield  was  voted  upon  and  decided 
adversely.  I'be  lodge  was  finally  established,  taking  21  members  from  this  lodge. 
Officers  elected,  1868:  L.  P.  Bradford,  W.  M.;  Henry  Turner,  S.  W. ;  Charles 
Blake,  J.  W.;  S.  D.  Andrews,  Sec.  F.  T.  Faulkner  elected  representative  to 
the  Grand  Lodge.  Officers  for  1869:  L.  P.  Bradford,  W.  M.;  Charles  Blake, 
S.  W. ;  F.  T.  Faulkner,  J.  W. ;  James  A.  Cary,  Treas.  July  24  the  funeral  of 
Charles  B.  Blake  was  attended.  June  11,  1870,  chose  F.  T.  Faulkner,  W.  M.; 
Charles  Blake,  S.  W. ;  C.  H.  Thayer,  J.  W.;  J.  A.  Cary,  Treas.  The  lodge 
was  invited  to  participate  in  the  dedication  at  Bangor  by  the  Grand  Lodge. 
In  November,  P.  M.  S.  I).  Andrews  and  W.  M.  F.  T.  Faulkner  were  chosen 
committee  on  history.  March  4,  1871,  the  deaths  of  Asa  Phillips,  D.  H. 
Teague,  and  H.'  D.  Irish  were  reported.  March  9  the  lodge  gave  Masonic 
burial  to  the  remains  of  Bro.  Joseph  Ludden  of  Temple  Lodge.  March  28  R. 
W.  I.  G.  Curtis,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  witnessed  work  on  the  M.  M.  degree,  and  gave 
remarks  complimentar}'  to  the  lodge.  June  17  R.  W.  Dura  Bradford,  D.  D. 
G.  M.  installed  the  officers  elect.  These  were:  F.  T.  Faulkner,  W.  M.; 
Chas  Blake,  S.  W.;  L.  B.  Perry,  J.  W.;  J.  A.  Cary,  Treas.;  C.  E.  Kempton, 
S.  D.;  W.  L.  Loring,  J.  D.  July  29  occurred  the  first  suspension  since  the 
organization  of  the  lodge.  September  23  many  visiting  brethren  from  Tran- 
quil, Rabboni,  Oriental  Star,  and  Evening  Star  lodges  were  present  to  witness 
work  on  the  M.  M.  degree,  and  when  "called  from  labor  to  refreshment"  58 
Masons  were  present.  October  28  Bro.  Faulkner  appointed  to  procure  new 
regalia  and  jewels.  October  24  the  lodge  went  to  North  Turner  to  bury  with 
Masonic  honors  Bro.  Charles  W.  Willard  (non-affiliated).  December  13  the 
death  of  Bro.  J.  Eldridge  occurred.  He  was  the  first  tyler  of  the  lodge  after 
receiving  its  charter. 

February  2,  1872,  a  large  number  of  visiting  brethren  present  from  Ashlar, 
Tranquil,  Rabboni,  Oriental  Star,  Polar  Star,  and  Lancaster  lodges.  April  18 
Brothers  Faulkner  and  Andrews  appointed  to  revise  the  by-laws  and  have 
them  printed.  Officers  for  1872:  F.  T.  Faulkner,  W.  M. ;  L.  B.  Perry, 
S.  W.;  C.  H.  Thayer,  J.  W.;  S.  P.  Bradford,  Treas.;  C.  E.  Kempton,  S.  D. ; 
I.  N.  Loring,  J.  D.  August  15  the  lodge  attended  the  consecration  of  Whitney 
Lodge  of  Canton.  July  5,  1873,  public  installation  of  officers,  by  R.  W.  F. 
T.  Faulkner,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  which  were:  Carlos  E.  Kempton,  W.  M.;  C.  H. 
Thayer,  S.  W.;  C.  D.  Ford,  J.  W.;  Lewis  P.  Bradford,  Treas.;  S.  S.  Merrill, 
S.  D. ;  I.  N.  Loring,  J.  I).  June  24,  1874,  by  invitation  the  lodge  joined  in 
the  dedication  of  the  new  hall  of  Tranquil  Lodge  and  participated  in  the 
celebration  of  St  John's  Day.  The  historian  says :  "  As  the  guests  of 
Tranquil  Lodge,  we  shall  not  soon  forget  the  fraternal  and  hospitable  manner 
in  which  we  were  entertained."  June  27  the  lodge  appropriated  #40  for 
suffering    Masons    in    Louisiana.      The    officers   for  1874    were:    Carlos   E. 


248  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Kerapton,    W.  M.;    Chas  H.   Thayer,  S.  W. ;    Perkins,    J.    W.;    F.    T. 

Faulkner,  Treas.;  S.  S.  Merrill,  S.  D.;  I.  N.  Loring,  J.  D.  March  16,  1875, 
attended  the  funeral  of  Brother  J.  A.  Gary.  August  14  the  officers-elect  were 
installed  by  R.  W.  F.  I.  Day,  D.  D.  G.  M.;  Carlos  E.  Kempton,  W.  M. ;  S.  S. 
Merrill,  S.  W.;  J.  E.  Ashe,  J.  W.;  F.T.  Faulkner,  Treas.;  F.  K.  Jack,  S.  D.; 
I.  N.  Loring,  J.  D.  November  27  Bro.  Robert  Lindsey,  of  Leeds,  was 
reported  as  very  ill,  and  Bro.  R.  Jennings  was  appointed  to  convey  to  him  the 
sympathy  of  the  lodge.  December  11  Bro.  Philo  Clark  by  request  delivered  a 
lecture  on  "The  Duties  of  Masons,"  which  for  beauty,  sound  sense,  and 
instruction  has  never  been  excelled  in  this  lodge.  January  8,  1876,  Bro. 
Jennings  on  invitation  delivered  a  timely  and  well-written  lecture  on  "Our 
Characters  as  Masons."  January  27  a  special  meeting  was  called  to  receive 
and  bury  the  remains  of  Bro.  George  Bates,  of  Oriental  Lodge,  who  died  at 
Auburn  and  was  buried  in  the  cemetery  at  Turner.  The  ceremony  was 
conducted  by  P.  M.  George  W.Turner.  February  6  Bro.  Roscoe  Smith,  M.D., 
delivered  a  lecture  on  "The  Origin  of  Masonry"  —  very  interesting  and 
displaying  much  research.  A  contribution  was  sent  to  aid  a  Mississippi  lodge. 
Officers  for  1876:  S.  S.  Merrill,  W.  M.;  Chas  Blake,  S.  W.;  J.  E.  Ashe,  J.  W.; 
F.  K.  Jack,  S.  D.;  W.  L.  Loring,  J.  D.  Officers  for  1877:  S.  S.  Merrill, 
W.  M.;  Chas  Blake,  S.  W.;  John  E.  Ashe,  J.  W.;  Roscoe  Smith,  Sec; 
F.  K.  Jack,  S.  D.;  W.  L.  Loring,  J.  D.  September  21,  1877,  attended  the 
funeral  of  Bro.  B.  F.  Perry  at  West  Auburn.  March  15,  1878,  conducted  the 
funeral  services  of  P.  M.  George  W.  Turner  at  Turner  Center.  Bro.  Turner 
was  the  first  Master  serving  three  years  under  the  charter,  and  declined  to 
serve  after  being  again  elected.  He  held  many  distinguished  positions  in 
Masonry.  Officers  for  1878:  S.  S.  Merrill,  W.  M.;  C.  H.  Thayer,  S.  W.; 
John  E.  Ashe,  J.  W. ;  F.  K.  Jack,  S.  D. ;  W.  L.  Loring,  J.  D.  August  10  the 
thanks  of  the  lodge  were  presented  to  the  ladies  (especially  Mrs.  C.  E. 
Kempton)  who  have  so  generously  given  their  aid  to  beautify  and  adorn  the 
hall.  The  lodge-room  has  been  carpeted,  painted,  papered,  and  otherwise 
improved.  February  1,  1879,  the  death  of  P.  M.  Charles  E.  Bradford  (third 
master  of  the  lodge)  was  announced.  He  had  held  many  prominent  positions 
in  civil  Hfe.  In  1870  the  officers  were:  Charles  Blake,  W.  M.;  C.  H.  Thayer, 
S.  W.;  W.  L.  Loring,  J.  W. ;  Roscoe  Smith,  S.  D.;  C.  H.  Barrell,  J.  D. 
Public  installation,  August  30.  September  27  death  announced  of  Bro.  W.  H. 
Jewett,  M.I).  February  14,  1880,  officially  visited  by  D.  D.  G.  M.  Archie  L. 
Talbot.  An  organ  was  purchased  in  April.  Officers  elected  June  19:  C.  H. 
Thayer,  W.  M. ;  W.  L.  Loring,  S.  W. ;  Roscoe  Smith,  J.  W. ;  Levi  B.  Perry, 
S.  D.;  C.  H.  Barrell,  J.  D.  February  26  an  official  visit  from  R.  W.  C.  R. 
Whitton,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  who  stated  that  "Nezinscot  Lodge  sustained  her  high 
reputation  for  correctness  of  work."  April  9,  1881,  the  death  of  Bro.  W.  R. 
Bradford  was  announced.     August  31  attended  the  funeral  services  of  the  late 


1 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  249 

Master,  C.  H.  Thayer.  Officers  elected  September  3:  Levi  B.  Perry,  W.  M.; 
W.  L.  Loring,  S.  W.;  Roscoe  Smith,  J.  W.  December  3  S.  D.  Andrews, 
F.  T.  Faulkner,  and  Roscoe  Smith  appointed  to  write  the  history  of  the  lodge. 
April  29,  1882,  the  death  of  Bro.  O.  D.  Turner  announced.  May  27  Levi  B. 
Perry  chosen  W.  M.;  W.  L.  Loring,  S.  W.;  C.  H.  Barrell,  J.  W.  Officers, 
1883:  David  N.  Osgood,  W.  M.;  H.  C.  Haskell,  S.  W.;  C.  H.  Barrell,  J.  W.; 
J.  F.  Quimby,  S.  D.;  H.  A.  Hildreth,  J.  D.  1884  — D.  N.  Osgood,  W.  M.; 
C.  H.  Barrell,  S.  W. ;  J.  N.  Donham,  J.  W.;  J.  F.  Quimby,  S.  D.;  H.  A. 
Hildreth,  J.  D.  June  22,  1884,  attended  the  funeral  of  Bro.  Philo  Clark. 
August  30  public  installation.  February  27  an  official  visit  from  R.  W.  N.  U. 
Hinkley,  D.  D.  (I.  M.  Officers,  1885:  Charles  H.  Barrell,  W.  M.;  J.  N. 
Donham,  S.  W.;  J.  W.  Newell,  J.  W. ;  Elisha  Pratt,  S.  D. ;  E.  P.  Ramsdell, 
J.  D.  July  22  the  lodge,  escorted  by  I^ewiston  Commandery,  attended  the 
funeral  services  of  Bro.  Caleb  Blake,  an  old  and  honored  member.  In 
December  a  contribution  was  sent  to  the  suffering  brethren  of  Galveston, 
Texas.  Bro.  H.  M.  Humphrey  buried  with  Masonic  honors  February  2,  1886. 
March  17  another  Masonic  funeral  attended,  that  of  Bro.  Asa  Bradford.  July 
7  attended  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  settlement  of  the  town,  in  regalia. 
Officers,  1886:  C.  H.  Barrell,  W.  M. ;  J.  M.  Donham,  S.  W.;  J.  W.  Newell, 
J.  W.;  E.  P.  Ramsdell,  S.  D. ;  Geo.  W.  Snell,  J.  D.,  who  were  publicly 
installed.  November  6  voted  to  grant  Turner  R.  A.  Chapter  the  free  use  of  the 
hall  and  anterooms  for  five  years.  March  S,  18(S7,  the  late  honored  Master, 
Charles  H.  I>arrell,  was  buried  with  Masonic  rites.  Officers  chosen  June  4: 
James  N.  Donham,  \V.  M. ;  E.  P.  Ramsdell,  S.  W.;  Harvey  W.  Burdin,  J.  W. ; 
F.  S.  French,  S.  D.;  A.  W.  Roberts,  J.  D.  Officers,  1888:  James  N.  Donham, 
W.  M.;  E.  P.  Ramsdell,  S.  W.;  F.  S.  French,  J.  W.;  A.  W.  Roberts,  S.  D.; 
E.  V.  Stevens,  J.  D.  June  8,  1889,  elected  E.  P.  Ramsdell,  W.  M.;  Frank  S. 
French,  S.  W. ;  Albion  W.  Roberts,  J.  W.;  E.  V.  Stevens,  S.  D.;  W.  H.  French, 
J.  D.  July  27  attended  the  Masonic  funeral  of  our  cherished  brother,  Phillips 
Bradford,  at  Auburn.  May  3,  1890,  announcement  was  made  of  the  death  of 
Bro.  C.  A.  Coombs.  The  lodge  attended  the  Masonic  celebration  at  Portland, 
accompanied  by  the  Turner  band.  The  officers  elected  June  28  were:  E.  P. 
Ramsdell,  W.  M.;  F.  S.  French,  S.  W.;  A.  W.  Roberts,  J.  W. ;  Wm  H.  Downing, 
S.  D. ;  Wm  H.  French,  J.  D.,  and  they  were  publicly  installed  August  23. 
October  25  the  secretary  was  appointed  to  write  the  history  of  tlie  lodge. 
January  13,  1891,  the  Masonic  funeral  of  Bro.  Benjamin  Keen  was  attended  at 
North  Turner.  The  death  of  Bro.  Rufus  Prince  was  announced  May  23,  and 
since  then  have  passed  to  the  Grand  Lodge  above  Charles  A.  Coombs  and 
Henry  Turner.  The  officers  for  1891  are:  E.  P.  Ramsdell,  W.  M. ;  Frank  S. 
French,  S.  W.;  A.  W.  Roberts,  J.  W.;  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Treas.;  S.  D.  Andrews, 
Sec;  Wm  H.  Downing,  S.  D.;  W.  H.  French,  J.  D.;  H.  C.  Haskell,  Mar.; 
S.  D.  Thomas,  S.  S.;   Wm  B.  Bradford,  J.  S.;   Wm  L.  Blake,  Tyler. 


250  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  membership  is  now  100,  scattered  from  Aroostook  county  to  the 
Pacific  coast.  The  lodge  has  been  composed  of  the  best  possible  material,  of 
citizens  eminent  in  intellectual  and  moral  virtues,  and  has  always  held  high 
place  for  its  correct  rendition  of  the  "work,"  and  the  reports  of  the  D.  D. 
(Irand  Masters  concerning  it  have  been  uniformly  highly  eulogistic.  It  has 
been  financially  well  conducted ;  it  owns  its  hall  of  three  stories  (the  lower 
part  is  rented  for  -K^lOO  per  annum),  and  it  has  a  fund  of  $1,200.  F.  T.  Faulkner 
has  been  treasurer  from  1865  excepting  1871-2-3-1,  and  S.  D.  Andrews  has 
been  secretary  since  1868  except  one  year. 

Turner  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  No.  Jfl-,  Turner}  —  Those  Masons  who  had 
received  the  Royal  Arch  degree,  living  in  Turner  and  vicinity,  being  12  miles 
from  a  chapter  were  practically  deprived  of  the  advantages  pertaining  to 
capitulary  Masonry.  There  were  other  Master  Masons  who  desired  the  degrees 
but  did  not  feel  able  to  go  so  far  for  them.  So,  after  due  consideration,  it  was 
decided  to  establish  a  chapter  in  Turner.  Accordingly,  on  January  15,- 1876, 
the  first  meeting  was  held  in  Masonic  Hall,  Turner  village,  with  these  ofificers : 
M.  E.  Geo.  W.  Turner,  H.  P.;  E.  Carlos  E.  Kempton,  K.;  E.  Jas  A.  Ridlon, 
S.;  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Sec.  ;  Chas  Jones,  C.  H.;  H.  A.  Ellis,  P.  S. ;  J.  H.  Ellis, 
R.  A.  C;  H.  M.  Pratt,  M.  2d  V.;  S.  H.  Wilson,  Sent.  At  this  meeting  the 
chapter  received  the  petitions  of  ten  candidates  for  the  capitular  degrees.  Com- 
mittees were  chosen  to  draft  a  code  of  by-laws,  on  chandeliers,  wood,  aprons,  and 
repairs.  A  dispensation  was  read  from  M.  E.  Henry  L.  Paine,  G.  H.  P.  of  the 
M.  E.  G.  R.  A.  Chapter  of  the  State  of  Maine,  dated  January  6,  1876,  "to  form 
and  open  a  chapter  of  R.  A.  Masons  in  the  town  of  Turner,  by  the  name  of 
Turner  Chapter."  This  dispensation  was  granted  to  Comps.  F.  T.  Faulkner, 
C.  E.  Kempton,  Geo.  W.  Turner,  Caleb  Blake,  H.  C.  Munson,  Jas  A.  Ridlon, 
S.  H.  Wilson,  Milton  J.  Loring,  and  C.  E.  Bradford,  and  Bradford  R.  A.  Chapter, 
of  Auburn,  favored  the  dispensation.  Geo.  W.  Turner  was  appointed  to  be  the 
first  High  Priest;  C.  E.  Kempton,  King;  and  Jas  A.  Ridlon,  Scribe. 

At  the  stated  meeting,  February  12,  two  petitions  were  received  and  nine 
candidates  accepted.  The  committee  on  by-laws  reported  a  code  which  was 
accepted.  The  M.  M.  Mason's  degree  was  conferred  on  nine  candidates.  March 
11  one  application,  and  two  candidates  accepted.  At  a  special  meeting,  April  1, 
the  R.  A.  degree  was  first  worked,  and  six  were  exalted.  April  13  three  candi- 
dates were  exalted.  At  the  stated  meeting,  April  15,  the  chapter  voted  to  petition 
for  a  charter.  April  29  three  candidates  were  exalted.  May  13  two  petitions 
were  received,  also  report  made  that  the  Grand  Chapter  had  granted  a  charter. 
The  following  resolution  was  presented  by  Comp.  H.  C.  Munson,  and  adopted: 

Whereas,  We  are  greatly  indebted  to  Companion  Faulliner  for  bis  persistent  and  suc- 
cessful efforts  in  establishing  Turner  Chapter  of  Royal  Arch  Masons; 

Resolved,  That  wo  extend  to  him  our  heartiest  thanks  in  recognition  of  bis  interest  in 

iRy  S.  D.  Andrews. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  251 

Masonry  in  general  and  in  Turner  Chapter  in  particular,  and  that  our  acknowledgment  of 
indebtedness  to  him  as  a  chapter  be  placed  upon  the  secretary's  book  of  records. 

At  a  special  meeting,  June  30,  1876,  the  chapter  was  duly  constituted  by 
M.  E.  Henry  L.  Paine,  G.  H.  P.,  assisted  by  R.  E.  F.  T.  Faulkner,  G.  Scribe 
as  D.  G.  H.  P.;  R.  E.  Joseph  M.  Hayes,  G.  King,  as  G.  Scribe;  Comp.  J.  W 
Ballou,  P.  G.  H.  P.,  as  G.  C.  of  H.;  Comp.  Charles  Jones  as  G.  R.  A.  C. 
Comp.  Warren  Phillips,  G.  Sent.  The  first  officers  under  the  charter  were 
C.  E.  Kempton,  H.  P.;    H.  M.  Pratt,   K.;    Philo   Clark,   S.;    H.  C.  Haskell 

C.  of  H.;  C.  H.  Thayer,  P.  S.;   F.  K.  Jack,  R.  A.  C;  S.  S.  Merrill,  M.  3d  V. 
W.  L.  Loring,  M.  2d  V.;  J.  E.  Ashe,  M.  1st  V.;  S.  D.  Andrews,  Treas.;  F.  T 
Faulkner,  Sec;  H.  C.  Munson,  Chap.;  Asa  Bradford,  S.  S.;  F.  M.  Loring,  J.  S. 
H.  W.  Humphrey,  Sent.     July  8  committees  were  appointed  to  procure  a  seal 
and  on  printing  by-laws.     June  30,  1877,  election  of  officers :     C.  E.  Kempton, 
H.  P.;   H.  C.  Haskell,  K.;   Philo  Clark,  Scribe;   S.  D.  Andrews,  Treas.;   F.  T. 
Faulkner,  Sec;    C.  H.  Thayer,  C.  of  H.;    F.  K.  Jack,  P.  S.;    S.  S.  Merrill,  R. 
A.  C;   W.  L.  Loring,  M.  MY. ;  J.  E.  Ashe,  M.  2d  V.;   P.  C.  Torrey,  M.  1st  V. 
Voted  to  invite  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Grand  King,  to  install  the  officers-elect  at  the 
next  stated  meeting  (July  28),  which  he  did.      October  27  three    petitions 
for  degrees. 

February  7,  1878,  three  candidates  exalted.  The  official  visit  of  R.  E. 
Joseph  M.  Hayes,  D.  G.  H.  P.,  occurred  this  evening.  There  were  many 
distinguished  Masons  present.  Refreshments  were  served  and  a  delightful 
evening  passed.  June  15,  election  of  officers.  August  17,  officers  installed 
by  R.  E.  F.  T.  Faulkner.  February  8,  1879,  the  death  of  Comp.  C.  E. 
Bradford  was  announced,  and  appropriate  action  was  taken.  He  died  January 
22,  in  Massachusetts,  where  he  was  teaching.  March  11  official  visit  of  a 
grand  officer;  other  distinguished  members  of  the  order  were  present.  Sep- 
tember 6  officers  installed. 

February  19,  1880,  M.  E.  J.  M.  Hayes,  G.  H.  P.,  witnessed  work  in  M.  M. 
M.  degree.  Remarks  by  Comps.  Hayes,  J.  W.  Ballou,  and  others.  Refreshments 
were  served.  June  26  election  of  officers.  September  25,  1880,  two  applica- 
tions for  degrees;  officers  installed.  February  19,  1881,  official  visit  by  R.  E. 
Frank  E.  Sleeper,  G.  S.  June  18  election  of  officers:  H.  C.  Haskell,  H.  P.; 
S.  D.  Andrews,  King;  Philo  Clark,  Scribe;  Henry  Turner,  Treas.;  F.  T. 
Faulkner,  Sec;  C.  H.  Thayer,  C.  of  H.;  S.  S.  Merrill,  P.  S.;  W.  L.  Loring, 
R.  A.  C.;  John  E.  Ashe,  M.  3d  V.;  Thos  J.  Owen,  M.  2d  V.;  H.  W.  Copeland, 
M.  1st  V.  I  give  the  names  of  this  list  of  officers  because  some  of  the  principal 
ones  have  been  re-elected  annually  for  10  years.  September  10  the  death  of 
Comp.  C.  H.  Thayer  was  announced.  He  died  August  29.  November  12  a 
committee  on  history  of  the  chapter,  consisting  of  Comps.  C.  E.  Kempton,  S. 

D.  Andrews,  and  W.  L.  Loring,  was  chosen. 

August  9, 1884,  the  death  of  Comp.  Philo  Clark,  Scribe  of  this  chapter,  was 


252  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

announced.  Comp.  Clark  had  held  many  civil  offices  in  the  town  and  county, 
and  had  been  long  a  Mason  honored  and  respected.  August  29, 1885,  the  death 
of  Comp.  Caleb  Blake  was  reported.  He  died  July  20.  He  was  a  well-known 
business  man,  a  genial  companion,  and  much  esteemed.  February  20,  1886, 
Comp.  H.  W.  Humphrey  was  reported  as  having  passed  over  to  the  majority. 
March  20  the  death  of  Comp.  Asa  Bradford  was  announced.  September  11 
the  officers  were  publicly  installed  by  Comp.  F.  T.  Faulkner,  on  the  same 
evening  with  Nezinscot  Lodge.  Ivefreshments  were  served  by  the  lodge. 
January  30,  1891,  the  death  of  Benj.  Keen  was  reported. 

The  growth  of  the  chapter  has  been  of  late  years  slow  ;  our  jurisdiction 
has  been  very  limited.  Other  organizations  have  sprung  up  around  us  and  by 
great  promise  of  sick  benefits  and  pecuniary  aid  have  drawn  from  the  chapter. 
It  is  not  the  practice  of  Masons  to  solicit  men  to  join  their  various  bodies ; 
indeed,  they  are  forbidden  to  do  it.  Our  members  are  scattered  over  a  wide 
territory,  from  Maine  to  Florida,  so  that  we  find  it  difficult  to  get  a  quorum  at 
our  meetings;  but  we  have  a  good  chapter,  and  have  always  received  the 
highest  encomiums  from  the  representatives  of  the  Grand  Chapter  for  the 
correctness  of  our  work,  and  we  expect  to  do  good  work  in  the  years  to  come. 

Acacia  Loil[n\  No.  121^  F.  ^  A.  il/.,  Durliam.,  was  organized  under  a  dispen- 
sation granted  May  7,  1803,  and  the  first  meeting  was  held  June  24,  1803.  A 
charter  was  granted  May  4,  1865,  by  Wm  P.  Preble,  G.  M.,  to  Geo.  W.  Wagg, 
Wm  R.  Wright,  David  O.  S.  Stetson,  Stephen  C.  Stetson,  Isaac  S.  Brown,  Wm 
Wording,  Jas  W.  Webber,  Parmenio  C.  Shaw,  E.  G.  Parker,  Wm  S.  Michaels. 
About  the  time  of  the  granting  of  the  charter  a  dwelling  was  purchased  and 
altered  into  a  convenient  Masonic  hall.  Its  cost  with  repairs  was  'f  1,000.  The 
number  of  members  in  May,  1891,  was  80.  Bro.  Charles  W.  Harding  was 
D.  D.  G.  M.  in  1888-9. 

Officers  from  Organization.  — 1863— Geo.  W.  Wagg,  W.  M.;  I.  S.  Brown,  S.  W.;  W.  R. 
Wright,  J.  W.;  P.  C.  Shaw,  Treas. ;  J.  W.  Webber,  Sec;  Wra  Wording,  J.  I).;  E.  G. 
Parker,  Tyler.  1864  (appointed  by  G.  M.)  — Asa  P.  Moore,  W.  M.;  Win  R.  Wright,  S.  W.; 
Wm  W.  Beals,  J.  W.;  Geo.  W.  Rico,  Sec;  Wm  H.  Haskell,  S.  D.;  Nelson  Strout,  J.  D. 
186.'>— W.  R.  Wright,  W.  M.;  Nelson  Strout,  S.  W.;  H.  B.  Strout,  J.  W.;  E.  S.  Warren, 
Treas.;  Geo.  W.  Rice,  Sec;  P.  R.  Strout,  S.  D.;  Wm  B.  Newell,  J.  D.  1866  — W.  R. 
Wright,  W.  M.;  Nelson  Strout,  S.  W.;  H.  B.  Strout,  J.  W.;  E.  S.  Warren,  Treas.;  Geo.  W. 
Rice,  Sec;  Z.  Fickett,  S.  D.;  Elmer  W.  Randall,  J.  D.  1867  — W.  R.  Wright,  W.  M. ; 
Nelson  Strout,  S.  W.;  W.  S.  Michaels,  J.  W.;  E.  S.  Warren,  Treas.;  Geo.  W.  Rice, 
Sec;  B.  I.  Small,  S.  D.;  Elmer  W.  Randall,  J.  D.;  1868  — Wra  R.  Wright,  W.  M.; 
I.  S.  Brown,  S.  W. ;  B.  I.  Small,  J.  W. ;  E.  S.  Warren,  Treas.;  W.  F.  Morrell,  Sec; 
1869  — Benj.  I.  Small,  W.  M.;  P.  R.  Strout,  S.  W. ;  Alfred  Lunt,  J.  W.;  E.  S.  Warren, 
Treas.;  W.  D.  Roak,  Sec;  Fred  W.  Elder,  S.  D.;  C.  W.  Harding,  J.  D.  1870— B.  I. 
Small,  W.  M.;  P.  R.  Strout,  S.  W.;  Alfred  Lunt,  J.  W.;  E.  S.  Warren,  Treas.;  W.  D. 
Roak,  Sec;  I.  N.  Beals,  S.  D.;  Chas  W.  Harding,  J.  D.  1871  — B.  I.  Small,  W.  M.;  Alfred 
Lunt,  S.  W.;  S.  B.  Libby,  J.  W.;  E.  S.  Warren,  Treas.;  W.  D.  Roak,  Sec;  C.  W.  Harding, 
S.  D.;  Josiah  L.  Vining,  J.  D.     1872  — Alfred  Lunt,  W.  M.;  S.  B.  Libby,  S.  W.;  Elmer  W. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  253 

Randall,  J.  W. ;  E.  S.  Warren,  Treas.;  J.  H.  Davis,  Sec;  Wm  B.  Newell,  Chap.;  C.  W. 
Harding,  S.  D.;  True  Tuttle,  J.  D.  1873  — S.  B.  Libby,  W.  M.;  C.  W.  Harding,  S.  W.; 
E.  0.  Tyler,  J.  W.;  E.  S.  Warren,  Treas.;  Alfred  Luut,  Sec;  W.  D.  Roak,  Marshal;  A.  H. 
Parker,  S.  D.;   True  Tuttle,  J.  D.     1874  — S.  B.  Libby,  W.  M.;   C  W.  Harding,  S.  W.; 

E.  0.  Tyler,  J.  W.;  A.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  Alfred  Luut,  Sec;  E.  S.  Warren,  Chap.;  1875  — C. 
W.  Harding,  W.  M.;  E.  0.  Tyler,  S.  W. ;  Jos.  H.  Davis,  J.  W.;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  Alfred 
Lunt,  Sec.  1876  — C.  W.  Harding,  W.  M.;  E.  0.  Tyler,  S.  W.;  J.  H.  Davis,  J.  W.;  W.  D. 
Roak,  Treas.;  Alfred  Lunt,  Sec.  1877— Jos.  H.  Davis,  W.  M.;  A.  H.  Parker,  S.  W.;  C.  S. 
Fenlason,  J.  W. ;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas. ;  Alfred  Lunt,  Sec. ;  Wm  R.  Wright,  Chap.  1878  —  J. 
H.  Davis,  W.  M.;  A.  H.  Parker,  S.  W.;  C.  S.  Fenlason,  J.  W.;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  W.  B. 
Newell,  Sec;  W.  H.  Douglass,  Chap.;  1879— J.  H.  Davis,  W.  M ;  A.  H.  Parker,  S.  W.; 
C.  S.  Fenlason,  J.  W. ;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  Wm  B.  Newell,  Sec;  I.  A.  Paine,  Chap.; 
C.  W.  Harding,  S.  D.  ;  W.  H.  Merrill,  J.  D. ;  1880  — A.  H.  Parker,  W.  M. ;  C.  S.  Fenlason, 
S.  W. ;  True  Tuttle,  J.  W. ;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  Lora  Newell,  Sec;  C.  W.  Harding, 
S.  D. ;  Wm  H,  Merrill,  J.  D. ;  1881  —A.  H.  Parker,  W.  M.  ;  C.  S.  Fenlason,  S.  W.;  True 
Tuttle,  J.  W. ;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  Lora  Newell,  Sec;  1882— Alfred  Lunt,  W.  M.;  L.  O. 
Morse,  S.  W. ;  S.  S.  Parker,  J.  W.;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  Lora  Newell,  Sec;  1883  — 
Alfred  Lunt,  W.  M. ;  E.  0.  Tyler,  S.  W. ;  W.  H.  Douglass,  J.  W. ;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas. ;  Lora 
Newell,  Sec;  S.  B.  Libby,  S.  D.;  F.  A.  Harding,  J.  D.;  1884  — E.  0.  Tyler,  W.  M.;  S.  B. 
Libby,  S.  W.;  W.  H.  Douglas,  J.  W.;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  Lora  Newell,  Sec;  F.  A. 
Harding,  S.  D.;  J.  L.  Wright,  J.  D. ;  1885  — E.  O.  Tyler,  W.  M.;  S.  B.  Libby,  S.  W.;  F.  A. 
Harding,  J.  W. ;  W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  J.  L.  Wright,  Sec;  Geo.  H.  Hatch,  S.  D. ;  L  S. 
Trufant,  J.  D.;  1886  — S.  B.  Libby,  W.  M. ;  F.  A.  Harding,  S.  W.;  Geo.  L.  Sylvester,  J.  W. ; 
W.  D.  Roak,  Treas.;  J.  L.  Wright,  Sec;  Jos.  H.  Davis,  S.  D. ;  1.  S.  Trufant,  J.  D.; 
1887— S.  B.  Libby,  W.  M.;  F.  A.  Harding,  S.  W.;  Geo.  L.  Sylvester,  J.  W.;  Wm  P.  Water- 
house,  Treas. ;  J.  L.  Wright.  Sec. ;  1888  — S.  B.  Libby,  W.  M.;  F.  A.  Harding,  S.  W. ;  J.  W. 
Thomas,  J.  W.;  J.  L.  Wright,  Sec;  I.  S.  Trufant,  S.  D.;  E.  L.  Macomber,  J.  D.;  1889  — 

F.  A.  Harding,  W.  M.;  H.  M.  Beal,  S.  W.;  J.  W.  Thomas,  J.  W. ;  W.  P.  Waterhouse,  Treas. ; 
J.  L.  Wright,  Sec.  ;  J.  H.  Davis,  S.  D. ;  J.  L.  Viniug,  J.  D. :  J.  S.  Lang,  S.  S. ;  G.  W. 
Nichols,  J.  S.;  A.  S.  Dinglcy,  Tyler;  1890  — F.  A.  Harding,  W.  M. ;  H.  M.  Beal,  S.  W. ;  E.  L. 
Macomber,  J.  W.;  W.  P.  Waterhouse,  Treas.;  J.  L.  Wright,  Sec;  E.  R.  Miller,  Chap.; 
L.  B.  Small,  Marshal;  J.  L.  Viniug,  S.  D. ;  J.  H.  Williams,  J.  D.;  J.  S.  Lang,  S.  S. ;  G.  W. 
Nichols,  J.  S.;  A.  S.  Dingley,  Tyler. 

Ancient  York  Lod(/e,  JVo.  ISS,  F.  (|'  A.  M.,'^  Lisbon  Falls,  was  granted  a 
dispensation  January  1,  1870,  by  M.  W.  J.  H.  Lynde,  G.  M.  of  the  M.  W. 
Grand  Lodge  of  the  State  of  Maine.  The  petitioners  were:  David  S.  Dunlap, 
S.  P.  Crosman,  Geo.  C.  Wing,  Geo.  W.  Coombs,  Samuel  Sylvester,  Geo.  F. 
Alexander,  C.  TI.  Douglass,  Tobias  T.  Goddard,  S.  Estes,  E.  B.  Webber,  A.  T. 
Crosman,  Edw.  Plummer,  N.  L.  Shea,  L.  Harden,  F.  A.  Small,  J.  H.  Eacott, 
T.  C.  liogers,  Simeon  Stone,  Geo.  B.  Shorey,  Abram  H.  Nason,  H.  A.  Small, 
E.  Day,  Silas  Plummer,  H.  C.  White,  and  O.  R.  Small.  The  first  meeting  was 
held  January  17,  1870.  The  G.  M.  appointed  Tobias  T.  Goddard,  W.  M.; 
Horace  C.  White,  S.  W. ;  N.  L.  Shea,  J.  W.  The  Grand  Lodge  granted  a 
charter  on  May  4,  1870,  and  on  September  27,  1870,  at  the  adoption  of  the 
constitution  and  installation  the  following  officers  were  installed:    Tobias  T. 

1  By  William  Parkin,  Secretary. 


254  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Cxoddard,  W.  M. ;  Horace  C.  White,  S.  W.;  N.  L.  vShea,  J.  W.;  Edw.  Plummer, 
Treas. ;  Cephas  H.  Douglass,  Sec.;  Simeon  Stone,  S.  D.;  Geo.  W.  Coombs, 
J.  D.;  David  S.  Dunlap,  S.  S.;  Thos  C.  Rogers,  J.  S.;  O.  R.  Small,  Marshal; 
Sumner  Estes,  Chap.;  Silas  Plummer,  Tyler.  The  lodge  has  been  very 
successful,  both  financially  and  otherwise,  from  its  first  meeting.  The  following 
are  names  of  members  admitted:  Otis  S.  Vining,  Wra  Rhodes,  Chas  B. 
Plummer,  John  L.  Gardner,  Geo.  D.  Frost,  Samuel  J.  White,  Joshua  S.  Newell, 
Alfred  Webber,  Wm  Maines,  Frank  M.  Hacker,  T.  Alvah  Moore,  Joseph  G. 
Small,  Geo.  A.  Pettingill,  Roscoe  G.  Green,  Frank  H.  Ambach,  Edward  R. 
Warren,  N.  J.  Wedgwood,  J.  Reid  Edgecomb,  Lafayette  E.  Dennison,  Seward 

A.  Parker,  John  A.  Smith,  Jas  E.  Edgecomb,  Abram  Healey,  E.  M.  Shaw, 
Geo.  W.  Gould,  Nathaniel  S.  Purinton,  Alonzo  S.  Purinton,  Wm  S.  Merrill, 
Chas  A.  Ambach,  Frank  B.  Potter,  Eugene  B.  Earl,  Addison  Slater,  Robert  N. 
Callahan,  Jas  W.  Card,  Levi  C.  Gould,  Wm  S.  Cotton,  Jr,  Jas  W.  Farrin,  John 
H.  Coombs,  Jas  L.  Atwood,  H.  J.  Hutchinson,  Lewis  Lander,  Wm  H.  Gilmore, 
Edwin  R.  Small,  Webster  Nevins,  Samuel  H.  Goody,  Chas  F.  Edgecomb,  Thos 

B.  Fish,  Jos.  S.  Potter,  Chas  H.  Keopka,  John  W.  Dufton,  John  H.  Potter, 
Frank  H.  Abbott,  Elbridge  G.  Rideout,  Simeon  W.  Goodwin,  John  H. 
Tomlinson,  Wm  A.  Lewis,  H.  M.  Harmon,  Freeman  C.  Hall,  L.  R.  Ross, 
Albion  Chase,  Nathaniel  R.  Williams,  L.  B,  Burrill,  Wm  Parkin,  Geo.  H. 
Whittier,  Pennell  P.  Woodard,  Fred  C.  Worth,  Geo.  W.  Jordan,  Hibbert 
Lockhart,  Chas  W.  Girard,  John  Cornish,  Millard  C.  Webber,  Aaron  H. 
Goodwin,  Thos  F.  Millett,  Benjamin  F.  Christopher,  Robert  N.  Barbrick, 
Wilbur  H.  Judkins,  Enoch  Tibbetts,  E.  A.  Durille,  Benjamin  W.  Card,  Alfred 
D.  Sawyer,  George  W.  Curtis,  Cyril  O.  Abell,  Charles  L.  Osborne,  C.  W. 
Girard,  Wm  H.  Douglass,  James  A.  Underwood,  James  H.  Eacott,  Jr,  H. 
W.  Pike,  Daniel  Fessenden,  W.  E.  Plummer,  C.  F.  A.  Stuebing,  Otis  S.  White, 
Fenton  Haigh,  George  Canham,  George  Turnbull,  K.  M.  Small,  John  Rawstrom, 
Wm  E.  Stevens,  A.  J.  Small,  F.  E.  Greissenger,  George  W.  Beal,  F.  A.  Jordan, 
W.  F.  Rogers,  Samuel  W.  Smith.  The  Past  Masters  have  been :  Tobias  T. 
Goddard,  Horace  C.  White,  Simeon  Stone,  O.  R.  Small,  George  W.  Coombs, 
Samuel  J.  White,  Wm  S.  Cotton,  Jr,  Otis  S.  Vining,  Simeon  Stone,  Alonzo  S. 
Purinton,  Millard  C.  Webber,  James  W.  Card,  James  A.  LTnderwood.  The 
meetings  are  held  on  the  Mondays  on  or  immediately  before  the  full  moon,  in 
Masonic  Hall,  Perkin  Block,  Main  street. 

Webster  Lodge,  No.  164,  ^'-  #  -4-  M.,  Sahath.  —  lw  the  winter  of  1870-71 
Luther  Lombard,  Stetson  L,  Hill,  Bradford  D.  Farnham,  John  Shore,  Cyrus 
Hackett,  Calvin  D.  Bubier,  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  Eugene  D.  Greenleaf,  being 
desirous  of  establishing  a  lodge  of  Masonry  at  Sabatis,  and  believing  that  good 
work  in  extending  Masonic  influence  in  the  vicinity  would  be  done  thereby, 
secured 'the  co-operation  of  Andrew  J.  Harris,  H.  S.  Harris,  and  James  H. 
Thompson,  of  (ireene,  and  Joseph  G.  Bragg,  Augustus  C.  Frost,  and  Stephen 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  255 

R.  Raynes,  of  Wales,  in  sending  a  petition  for  the  organization  of  a  lodge  here. 
In  answer,  M.  W.  John  H.  Lynde,  then  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Maine,  granted  a  dispensation,  empowering  theni  to  form  and  open  a  lodge  in 
Webster,  and  appointing  Bro.  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  first  Master;  Stetson  L.  Hill, 
first  Senior  Warden;  and  Bradford  D.  Farnham,  first  Junior  Warden.  Bro. 
Frank  E.  Sleeper  was  a  native  of  Lewiston,  a  graduate  of  the  first  class  of 
Bates  College,  and  of  Maine  Medical  School,  and  had  recently  located  in  Sabatis 
as  a  physician.  He  was  24  years  of  age,  and  a  member  of  Ashlar  Lodge,  Lew- 
iston. He  was  the  mainspring  in  organizing  and  regulating  the  lodge,  and  to 
his  energy  and  tact  it  is  largely  indebted  for  the  many  complimentar}^  notices 
from  the  several  district  deputies  and  other  visitors  who  have  witnessed  its 
work.  He  has  held,  among  others,  these  Masonic  offices :  Master  of  Webster 
Lodge  10  3^ears,  District  Deputy  Grand  Master  three  years.  Senior  Grand  War- 
den, Deputy  Grand  Master,  Grand  Master  of  Masons  in  Maine  (by  unanimous 
election  serving  two  terms),  and  is  Grand  Lecturer  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  High 
Priest  of  King  Hiram  Chapter,  Grand  High  Priest  of  the  Grand  Royal  Arch 
Chapter  of  Maine  and  its  Grand  Lecturer,  Thrice  Illustrious  Master  of  Dunlap 
Council  Royal  and  Select  Masters,  Commander  of  Lewiston  Commandery 
Knights  Templar,  Grand  Lecturer  of  the  Grand  Commandery,  and  Thrice 
Potent  Grand  Master  of  Lewiston  Lodge  of  Perfection,  A.  A.  S.  R.  He  is  author 
of  the  monitorial  portion  of  the  "Maine  Ro3^al  Arch  Text-book,"  authorized 
text-book  for  chapters  in  Maine.  Bro.  Stetson  L.  Hill  was  a  native  of  Web- 
ster, and  a  member  of  Tianquil  Lodge,  Auburn.  He  studied  law  with  his 
father,  Jacob  Hill,  had  followed  that  profession  for  several  years,  and  was  about 
50  years  of  age,  and  the  owner  of  considerable  property.  Bro.  Bradford  D. 
Farnham,  belonging  to  Ashlar  Lodge,  Lewiston,  was  junior  })artner  in  the  firm 
of  Davis  &  Farnham,  merchants.  He  never  attended  a  lodge  meeting,  as  he 
moved  from  town.  Bro.  Luther  Lombard,  a  native  of  Wales,  had  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Sabatis  for  30  years,  and  was  engaged  in  farming,  owning  quite  an 
extensive  property.  Capt.  Lombard  received  his  degrees  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  active  and  efficient  members.  liro.  Joseph  G.  Bragg 
was  a  member  of  Monmouth  Lodge,  a  ship-joiner  by  trade,  but  farming  in 
Wales.  He  was  one  of  our  most  highly  esteemed  members.  Bro.  John  Shore 
was  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  England,  a  wool-carder  in  charge  of  the  carding- 
room  of  the  Webster  Woolen  Mill.  Bro.  Shore  was  41  years  of  age,  a  member 
of  Ashlar  Lodge,  and  a  just  and  upright  man.  He  was  of  great  assistance  to 
the  lodge,  and  his  removal  to  Lisbon  was  greatly  regretted.  Bro.  Eugene  D. 
Greenleaf  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  and  agent  of  Webster  Woolen  Mill.  He 
removed  to  Boston  three  years  later,  remaining^  however,  a  member  of  the 
lodge.  Bro.  Calvin  D.  Bubier,  a  native  of  Lewiston,  35  years  of  age,  was  a 
clerk  of  Davis  &  Farnham.  He  received  his  degrees  in  Princeton.  Bro. 
Augustus  C.  Frost  was  27  years  of  age,  and  a  member  of  Morning  Star  Lodge 


25G  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


of  Litchfield.  Though  living  at  a  great  distance  he  set  an  excellent  example 
of  punctuality.  Bro.  Cyrus  Hackett,  aged  49,  was  a  native  of  Greene,  a  mill- 
wright and  a  member  of  Tranquil  Lodge. 

Perhaps  a  more  rusty  body  of  Masons  never  gathered  together,  but  all 
went  to  work  with  energy,  and  under  Bro.  Sleeper's  instruction  rapid  progress 
was  made.  Previous  to  organization,  they  met  frequently  in  secure  places  to 
practice  Masonic  work,  thus  enabling  them  to  acquit  themselves  very  well  at 
the  first  communication  of  the  lodge.  Bro.  Luther  Lombard  advanced  1300, 
taking  the  joint  note  of  the  other  members  as  security.  This  note  was  after- 
wards signed  by  several  of  the  first  admitted  members.  With  this  money  the 
brethren  leased,  finished,  painted,  and  furnished  the  second  story  of  the 
school-house  in  Sabatis,  making  a  neat  and  tasty  hall,  and  September  23, 
1871,  held  the  first  stated  communication.  At  this  meeting  Bro.  Sleeper 
congratulated  the  lodge  on  the  excellent  progress  made,  promising  the 
continuance  of  his  own  exertions,  requesting  earnest  endeavors  by  the  others, 
and  predicting  a  useful  future.  Two  applications  were  received.  October  28, 
1871,  four  applications  were  received,  the  two  previous  applicants  accepted, 
and  Edwin  H.  Johnson  initiated.  At  the  next  meeting  the  members'  dues 
were  fixed  at  two  dollars,  and  the  Master  appointed  these  officers:  Luther 
Lombard,  Treas.;  Eugene  D.  Greenleaf,  Sec;  J.  G.  Bragg,  Marshal;  Augustus 
C.  Frost,  S.  D.;  Cyrus  Ilackett,  J.  D. ;  C.  D.  Bubier,  S.  S.;  John  Shore,  J.  S.; 

A.  J.  Harris,  Sent. ;  W.  B.  Cutler,  T3der.     The  lodge  was  officially  visited  by 

B.  W.  Dura  Bradford,  1).  D.  G.  M.,  February  20,  1872.  There  were  many 
visitors  present.  After  witnessing  work  in  the  second  degree,  Bro.  Bradford 
complimented  the  officers  very  highly.  April  20,  1872,  the  lodge  voted  to 
petition  for  a  charter;  a  code  of  by-laws  was  acce[)ted,  and  ordered  to  be 
submitted  to  tlie  Grand  Lodge  for  approval. 

Authority  having  been  obtained  June  15,  1872,  tlie  lodge  elected:  Frank 
E.  Sleeper,  W.  M.;  Stetson  L.  Hill,  S.  W. ;  J.  G.  Bragg,  J.  W.;  Luther  Lombard, 
Treas.:  Alden  S.  Potter,  Sec.  Eleven  brethren  who  had  taken  their  degrees 
in  this  lodge  were  admitted  to  membership,  and  a  committee  apj)ointed  to  make 
arrangements  for  constituting  Webster  Lodge.  August  1,  1872,  M.  W.  David 
Cargill,  G.  M.,  assisted  by  Bro.  Eaton,  of  United  Lodge  No.  8,  of  Brunswick, 
as  Sen.  G.  W.,  Bro.  Geo.  Swift,  of  Acacia  Lodge  No.  121,  of  Durham,  as  Jun. 
G.  W.,  Bro.  Chase,  of  Morning  Star  Lodge  No.  141,  of  Litchfield,  as  Grand 
Chaplain,  and  Bro.  Warren  Phillips,  of  Portland,  Grand  Tyler,  dedicated  and 
constituted  Webster  Lodge,  No,  164,  after  which  the  M.  W.  G.  M.  publicly 
installed  the  officers.  January  0, 1873,  the  officers  were  re-elected  (except  E.  D. 
(ireenleaf,  chosen  secretary),  and  installed  by  R.  W.  Joseph  M.  Hayes,  D.  D. 
G.  M.  of  the  Fourteenth  Masonic  District  (to  which  the  lodge  was  assigned 
November  6,  1872),  assisted  by  W.  James  B.  Westcott  of  Solar  Lodge,  No.  14, 
Bath,  as  Grand  Marshal. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  257 

January  1,  1874,  were  elected:  F.  E.  Sleeper,  W.  M.;  A.  C.  Frost,  S.  W.; 
J.  G.  Bragg,  J.  W. ;  L.  Lombard,  Treas.;  Stetson  L.  Hill,  Sec;  and  they  were 
installed  by  Wor.  Bro.  Geo.  S.  Woodman,  assisted  by  Geo.  C.  Wing.  In  May 
liro.  Sleeper  was  appointed  D.  D.  G.  M.,  and  for  the  remainder  of  the  year  the 
Master's  station  was  filled  by  the  Senior  Warden,  although  Bro.  Sleeper 
attended  the  meetings  and  took  an  active  part. 

January  21,  1875,  choice  was  made  of  A.  C.  Frost,  W.  M.;  Jos.  G.  Bragg,  S. 
W. ;  Edwin  H.  Johnson,  J.  W. ;  L.  Lombard,  Treas.;  S.  L.  Hill,  Sec.  Feb- 
ruary 13  these  officers  were  publicly  installed  by  R.  W.  Bro.  F.  E.  Sleeper,  D. 
D.  G.  M.  This  year  the  annual  meeting  was  changed,  and  December  9,  1875, 
were  chosen:  Edwin  H.  Johnson,  W.  M. ;  James  F.  Heney,  S.  W.;  Retiah  D. 
Jones,  J.  W. ;  L.  Lombard,  Treas.;  S.  L.  Hill,  Sec.  They  were  publicly 
installed  by  K.  W.  Frank  E.  Sleeper.  June,  1876,  II.  W.  Simeon  Stone,  D.  D. 
G.  M.,  visited  the  lodge,  witnessed  work  in  the  M.  M.  degree,  and  compli- 
mented the  lodge  very  highly  for  its  proficiency  in  the  ritual.  The  note 
against  the  lodge  was  paid  this  year,  and  committed  to  the  flames  —  a  most 
acceptable  burnt  offering  to  the  Masonic  "goat."  December  25,  1876,  were 
elected:  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  W.  M.;  Wm  H.  Wright,  S.  W.;  R.  D.  Jones,  J.  W.; 
L.  Lombard,  Treas.;  T.  C.  Billings,  Sec.  They  were  publicly  installed  January 
4, 1877,  by  R.  W.  Fessenden  L  Day,  assisted  by  Archie  L.  Talbot.  The  instal- 
lation services  were  followed  by  a  collation  and  sociable. 

May  1,  1877,  Webster  Lodge  buried  Bro.  James  Keates.  Bro.  Keates  was 
an  Englishman,  49  years  of  age,  and  a  wool-spinner.  He  was  an  interested 
and  active  member  and  a  much-esteemed  citizen.  The  lodge  was  officially 
visited  during  the  year  by  R.  W.  Simeon  Stone,  who  highly  complimented  it 
on  its  accuracy  in  the  third  degree.  This  commendation  was  highly  valued. 
Soon  after,  the  lodge  accepted  Bro.  Stone's  invitation  and  visited  him  at 
Ancient  York  Lodge,  Lisbon  Falls.  December  20,  1877,  officers  were  chosen: 
F.  E.  Sleeper,  W.  M.;  Wm  H.  Wright,  S.  W. ;  R.  D.  Jones,  J.  W. ;  L.  Lombard, 
Treas.;  T.  C.  Billings,  Sec;    who  were  publicly  installed  January  16,  1878. 

January  17,  1878,  a  board  of  trustees  of  the  charity  fund  was  selected  and 
duly  organized.  A  list  of  all  property  of  the  lodge  was  made,  and  March  14, 
1878,  transferred  to  its  custody.  December  5, 1878,  were  chosen :  F.  E.  Sleeper, 
W.  M.;  R.  D.  Jones,  S.  W.;  A.  S.  Potter,  J.  W.;  L.  Lombard,  Treas.;  T.  C. 
Billings,  Sec  They  were  publicly  installed  by  R.  W.  Augustus  Callahan, 
P.  M.,  of  Tranquil  Lodge,  after  which  a  supper  was  served  at  the  Sabatis  House, 
followed  by  a  sociable  at  the  hall.  March  5, 1879,  Masonic  honors  were  paid  to 
the  remains  of  Bro.  James  F.  Heney,  conveyed  to  Biddeford.  Bro.  Heney  was 
46  years  of  age,  English  by  birth,  and  a  weaver.  In  1872  he  received  the 
degrees  in  Webster  Lodge  and  remained  an  active  and  efficient  member.  With 
his  death  originated  the  relief  fund  of  the  lodge.  About  this  time  the  lodge 
procured  an  album  and  has  made  efforts  to  secure  photographs  of  the  brethren, 


258  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


but  many  pages  are  yet  empty.  June  24,  1879,  Webster  Lodge,  joining  with 
Rabboni  Lodge,  attended  the  celebration  of  St  John's  Day,  at  Portland. 

The  annual  communication  of  1 879  falling  on  Christmas,  evening,  the  lodge 
was  duly  opened  and  called  to  refreshment  to  allow  the  brethren  to  attend  a 
Christmas  festival  at  the  Free  Baptist  church.  Later  in  the  evening  the  officers 
were  re-elected,  and  on  New-Year's  eve  they  were  publicly  installed  by  R.  W. 
F.  I.  Day,  assisted  by  R.  W.  Augustus  Callahan.     After  supper,  served  by  Bro. 

A.  S.  Potter,  of  the  Sabatis  House,  Bro.  Callahan  gave  an  instructive  lecture 
on  Masonry.  Nothing  worthy  of  note  took  place  in  1880-1881.  Not  an 
application  was  received.  December  16,  1880,  showed  -tl 77.48  in  the  treasury, 
and  a  charity  fund  of  -1105.  Chose  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  W.  M. ;  R.  D.  Jones, 
S.  W. ;    J.  G.  Jordan,  J.  W. ;    L.  Lombard,  Treas. ;    T.  C.  Billings,  Sec. 

1881  — officers:  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  W.  M.;  R.  D.  Jones,  S.  W.;  Jas.  G. 
Jordan,  J.  W. ;  Luther  Lombard,  Treas. ;  T.  C.  Billings,  Sec. ;  A.  S.  Potter, 
Chap.;    Jos.  G.  Bragg,  Marshal;    Judson  Bangs,  S.  D.;    E.  G.  Thomas,  J.  D.; 

B.  P.  Jordan,  S.  S.;  L.  H.  Lombard,  J.  S.;  L  N.  Spofford,  Sent.;  Herman 
Amback,  Tyler.  1882  — officers:  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  W.  M.;  R.  D.  Jones, 
S.  W.;  J.  G.  Jordan,  J.  W. ;  Luther  Lombard,  Treas.;  T.  C.  Billings,  Sec; 
Geo.  H.  Bingham,  Chap.;  J.  G.  Bragg,  Marshal;  Judson  Bangs,  S.  D.;  E.  G. 
Thomas,  J.  D.;  B.  P.  Jordan,  S.  S.;  L.  H.  Lombard,  J.  S. ;  Herman  Amback, 
Sent.;  Joseph  Heck,  Tyler.  January  31,  in  the  presence  of  a  very  large 
company,  many  visitors  being  present  from  adjacent  lodges,  the  officers  were 
publicly  installed.  A  Past  Master's  jewel  was  presented  to  Worthy  Bro. 
Sleeper  by  the  lodge,  and  a  beautiful  steel  engraving  was  given  to  the  lodge 
by  its  lady  friends.  1883  —  Brothers  Sleeper  and  Lombard  positively  declining 
re-election,  the  following  officers  were  chosen:  Retiah  D.  Jones,  W.  M. ; 
Judson  Bangs,  S.  W.;  B.  P.  Jordan,  J.  W.;  F.  E.  Sleeper,  Treas.;  T.  C. 
Billings,  Sec;  Geo.  H.  Bingham,  Chap.;  E.  G.  Thomas,  Marshal;  W.  H. 
Wright,  S.  D.;  John  W.  Wood,  J.  D.;  C.  D.  Bubier,  S.  S.;  H.  Amback,  J.  S.; 
F.  E.  Marr,  Sent.;  C.  C.  Getchell,  Tyler.  1884  — officers:  Judson  Bangs, 
W.  M.;  W.  H.  Wright,  S.  W. ;  E.  G.  Thomas,  J.  W.;  F.  E.  Sleeper,  Treas.; 
T.  C.  Billings,  Sec;  R.  D.  Jones,  Chap.;  J.  G.  Bragg,  Marshal;  J.  W.  Wood, 
S.  D.;  C.  C.  Getchell,  J.  D. ;  H.  Amback,  S.  S. ;  F^E.  Marr,  J.  S.;  Gustave 
Graichen,  Tyler.  Publicly  installed  February  6  by  R.  W.  Fessenden  I.  Day, 
over  sixty  visitors  being  present  from  Ancient  York  Lodge,  Lisbon,  besides 
many  from  Ashlar,  Rabboni,  Tranquil,  Tyrian,  and  other  lodges.  Bro.  Billings 
was  presented  with  an  elegant  gold  pen,  a  stylographic  pen,  and  a  set  of  cut- 
glass  inkstands  by  the  members. 

1885  — officers:  Judson  Bangs,  W.  M.;  Wm  H.  Wright,  S.  W.;  E.  G. 
Thomas,  J.  W. ;  F.  E.  Sleeper,  Treas.;  T.  C.  Billings,  Sec;  R.  D.  Jones, 
Chap.;  J.  G.  Bragg,  Marshal ;  J.  W.  Wood,  S.  D.;  C.  C.  Getchell,  J.  D. ;  H. 
Amback,  S.  S.;   F.  E.  Marr,  J.  S. ;    G.  Graichen,  Tyler.      July  8  the  lodge 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  259 


buried  its  oldest  charter  member,  Bro.  Luther  Lombard,  its  Treasurer  con- 
tinuously for  ten  years.  1886  —  officers:  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  W.  M.;  F.  E. 
Marr,  S.  W.;  B.  P.  Jordan,  J.  W.;  Jas  G.  Jordan,  Treas. ;  T.  C.  Billings, 
Sec;  J.  W.  Wood,  Chap.;  J.  G.  Bragg,  Marshal;  C.  C.  Getchell,  S.  D.;  E.  G. 
Thomas,  J.  D.;  H.  Amback,.  S.  S.;  L.  H.  Lombard,  J.  S.;  G.  Graichen,  Tyler. 
January  22  they  were  publicly  installed  by  M.  W.  Fessenden  L  Day,  Grand 
Master.  Bro.  Sleeper,  being  Deputy  Grand  Master,  accepted  the  office  of 
Master  only  upon  the  earnest  solicitation  of  his  brethren  and  the  Grand 
Master.  1887  — officers:  Jos.  G.  Bragg,  W.  M.;  F.  E.  Marr,  S.  W. ;  Chas  C. 
Getchell,  J.  W. :  J.  G.  Jordan,  Treas.;  T.  C.  Billings,  Sec;  R.  D.  Jones, 
Chap.;  E.  G.  Thomas,  Marshal;  Judson  Bangs,  S.  D.;  H.  Amback,  J.  D. ; 
G.  Graichen,  J.  S.;  A.  D.  Ames,  Tyler.  September  23  Bro.  John  W. 
McFarland  was  buried  by  the  lodge.  1888  —  officers  same  as  1887.  They 
were  publicly  installed  on  February  29  by  Grand  Master  Frank  E.  Sleeper. 

1889  — officers:  Frank  E.  Marr,  W.  M.;  W.  H.  Wright,  S.  W.;  H. 
Amback,  J.  W.;  J.  G.  Jordan,  Treas.;  Judson  Bangs,  Sec;  R.  D.  Jones, 
Chap.;  E.  G.  Thomas,  Marshal;  T.  C.  Billings,  S.  D.;  L  N.  Spofford,  J.  D.; 
George  W.  Jordan,  S.  S.;  A.  D.  Ames,  J.  S.;  Fred  Dodson,  Tyler.  They 
were  publicly  installed  by  Grand  Master  Frank  E.  Sleeper  January  4.  On 
June  17  the  lodge  vacated  the  hall  over  the  mill  of  Bro.  R.  I).  Jones, 
which  it  had  occupied  for  seven  years.     1890  —  officers  same  as  1889,  except 

C.  D.  Bubier,  Tyler.  Officers  installed  by  Past  Master  Bangs,  in  the  hall 
of  the  Golden  Cross.  This  year  died  Bro.  Oren  A.  Jordan.  November  20  the 
lodge  entered  into  its  new  hall  —  the  upjjcr  part  of  the  building  erected  for 
a  post-office  and  store  by  Bro.  E.  Woodside.  1891  —  officers:  Judson  Bangs, 
W.  M.;  T.  C.  Billings,  S.  W.;  L  N.  Spofford,  J.  W.;  F.  E.  Sleeper,  Treas.; 
J.  G.  Jordan,  Sec;  R.  D.  Jones,  Chap.;  E.  G.  Thomas,  Marshal;  Edwin 
Woodside,  S.  D.;  Geo.  W.  Jordan,  J.  D.;  C.  A.  Amback,  S.  S.;  C.  A.  Dins- 
more,  J.  S.;  C.  D.  Bubier,  Tyler.  Publicly  installed  by  Past  Grand  Master 
Sleeper,  February  6.     May  7  Judson  Bangs,  the  present  master,  was  appointed 

D.  D.  G.  M. 

The  number  of  members  April,  1891,  was  45.  From  its  formation  43  have 
been  initiated,  eight  received  from  other  lodges,  which  makes  the  whole  number 
of  members  60.  Six  have  died  and  nine  dimitted.  A  steady  growth  has  been 
made,  and  an  interest  maintained  which,  considering  the  small  territory  of  the 
jurisdiction,  has  been  remarkable,  and  the  lodge  has  been  noted  for  the  excel- 
lence of  its  work,  which  has  caused  frequent  visits  from  other  lodges.  It  is  in  a 
prosperous  condition,  and  owns  one  of  the  best  lots  in  the  village,  where,  when 
the  ten  years  of  its  present  lease  expires,  it  hopes  to  have  a  home  of  its  own. 

Reuel  Washburn  Lodge,  F.  ^  A.  iHf.,  No.  181,  Livermore  Falls,  held  its 
first  meeting  under  dispensation  May  10,  1876,  in  Masons'  Hall,  on  Depot 
street.     There  were  present  Wor.  Levi  H.  Daggett,   W.  M.;    W.  H.  Wood, 


260  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


S.  W.;  Frank  Garcelon  as  J.  W.  (A.  G.  French  being  absent);  and  the 
Master  appointed  Winfield  S.  Treat,  Treas.;  George  O.  Eustis,  Sec. ;  Ensign 
S.  Goding,  S.  D.;  R.  C.  Boothby,  J.  D.;  Rev.  Phineas  Bond,  Chap.;  Chas  L. 
Eustis,  S.  S.;  John  C.  Eaton,  J.  S.;  A.  C.  Otis,  Marshal;  S.  J.  Burgess,  Tyler. 
There  were  also  present  Bros.  Chas  H.  Cram,  A.  R.  Millett,  Albert  Allen,  and 
some  visiting  brethren.  Committees  were  appointed  to  draft  constitution  and 
by-laws,  to  loan  -f 200  to  procure  jewels  and  furniture,  and  to  arrange  for  hall. 
Alonzo  M.  Bumpus  and  Sullivan  Newman  made  applications  for  admittance, 
and  at  the  next  meeting  Newman  was  initiated.  The  new  lodge  starts  in 
prosperously,  numerous  applications  being  received  and  much  good  work 
done.  From  the  number  of  rejections  a  very  high  standard  was  established 
for  the  lodge.  November  8  voted  to  lease  the  hall  one  year  for  $20,  and  to 
purchase  two  dozen  chairs.  January  10,  1877,  R.  W.  Fessenden  I.  Day, 
I).  D.  G.  M.,  made  an  official  visit.  A  special  meeting  was  held,  January  29, 
for  exemplification  of  the  work  on  the  third  degree  by  D.  D.  G.  M.  Day.  April 
11  it  was  voted  to  apply  to  the  Grand  Lodge  for  a  charter,  and  Levi  H. 
Daggett,  W.  H.  Wood,  A.  G.  French,  C.  L.  Eustis,  George  O.  Eustis,  W.  S. 
Treat,  J.  C.  Eaton,  Abel  Prescott,  S.  J.  Burgess,  E.  S.  Goding,  and  Elijah 
Wadsworth  were  chosen  representatives  to  the  Grand  Lodge.  May  9  the 
secretary  records:  "Unable  to  hold  our  regular  monthly  communication 
to-day  as  the  Grand  Secretary  has  not  returned  our  dispensation."  June  13 
accepted  the  invitation  to  attend  the  dedication  of  the  hall  of  Oriental  Star 
Lodge,  June  21;  also  voted  "that  this  lodge  be  constituted  and  officers 
installed  June  21,"  and  committees  were  chosen  to  make  arrangements,'  and  to 
provide  refreshments  and  entertainment  for  the  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge. 
Officers  for  the  ensuing  year  were  chosen:  W.  H.  Wood,  W.  M.;  A.  G. 
French,  S.  W.;  Frank  Garcelon,  J.  W.;  M.  M.  Stone,  Treas.;  W.  S.  Treat, 
Sec;  E.  S.  Goding,  S.  D.;  R.  C.  Boothby,  J.  D.;  C.  L.  Eustis,  S.  S. ;  John  C. 
Eaton,  J.  S.;  S.  J.  Burgess,  Marshal;  Albert  Allen,  Tyler.  A  committee  was 
appointed  to  obtain  a  portrait  of  our  esteemed  brother,  Reuel  Washburn. 

June  21,  1877,  was  a  great  and  a  gala  day.  Authority  had  been  granted 
to  the  lodge  to  appear  in  public  procession  at  the  dedication  of  the  Masonic 
hall  of  Oriental  Star  Lodge,  and  a  large  number  of  the  members  were  escorted 
by  Oriental  Star  Lodge  to  its  hall.  After  the  ceremonies  they  were  escorted 
to  refreshments,  then  to  a  grove  where  M.  W.  Josiah  H.  Drummond  gave 
an  eloquent  oration.  Li  the  evening  Reuel  Washburn  Lodge  was  duly  con- 
stituted, and  its  officers  publicly  installed  at  the  Baptist  church  by  M.  W. 
Edward  P.  Burnham,  Grand  Master,  assisted  by  other  officers  of  the  Grand 
Lodge.  The  charter  now  received  (granted  May  3,  1877,)  declared  the  pre- 
cedence of  the  lodge  to  commence  from  May  4,  1876.  The  charter  members 
were:  Frank  Garcelon,  Stephen  J.  Burgess,  Wm  H.  Wood,  W.  S.  Treat,  Elijah 
Wadsworth,  Albert  Allen,  George  O.  Eustis,  T.  Everett  Eustis,  Roswell  C. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  261 

Boothby,  Henry  D.  Parker,  Alvin  Record,  Charles  H.  Cram,  Augustus  L. 
Young,  John  C.  Eaton,  Charles  L.  Eustis,  J.  W.  Eaton,  Alanson  C.  Otis, 
Matthew  M.  Stone,  Levi  H.  Daggett,  Alexander  O.  Nelson,  G.  O.  Foye,  Ensign 
S.  Goding,  Wm  W.  Noyes,  Albion  R.  Millett,  John  B.  Drake,  Chas  B.  Knapp, 
Thomas  F.  Palmer,  Albert  G.  French,  Joseph  Brown,  Sullivan  Newman, 
Charles  W.  Brown,  Henry  A.  Strout,  Abel  Prescott,  David  C.  Searles,  Prince 
E.  Hinds,  Alonzo  M.  Bunipus. 

July  11  the  annual  meeting  was  changed  to  June,  and  the  lodge  received 
the  following  letter  from  the  venerated  brother  whose  name  it  bears:  — 

To  the  Worshipful  Master,  etc.— I  was  very  sorry  that  I  could  not  be  witli  you  last 
evening  at  the  consecration  of  your  lodge,  but  at  my  age,  and  with  my  infirmities,  at  the 
late  hour  of  your  meeting  I  must  have  denied  myself  the  pleasure  of  being  present,  even 
if  the  weather  had  been  pleasant,  but  stormy  as  it  was  it  would  have  been  presumptuous 
folly  to  have  undertaken  it.  You  know  how  much  I  lamented  your  withdrawal  from  Oriental 
Star  Lodge,  and  if  I  could  have  persuaded  you  to  remain  would  gladly  have  done  so;  but 
as  you  decided  otherwise  I  wish  you  abundant  success,  and,  to  this  end  I  expect  you  to  be  true 
and  faithful  to  the  high  trust  and  responsibility  you  have  assumed.  You  cannot  reasonably 
expect  success  without  working  for  and  deserving  it.  Be  honorable  and  honest  in  all  your 
dealings  and  business  transactions  with  each  other  and  with  the  world,  and  demonstrate 
by  example  that  you  are  better  men  for  being  good  Masons.  Guard  well  the  outer  door 
and  be  wise  in  the  acceptance  of  worthy  applicants  for  the  honors  of  Masonery  and  firm 
in  rejecting  the  unworthy.  Be  kind  and  courteous  to  neighboring  lodges,  respecting  their 
rights  as  well  as  your  own.  If  you  have  work  to  do  be  prepared  to  do  it  promptly,  correctly, 
and  creditably.  The  importance  of  making  a  good  and  favorable  impression  upon  the 
candidate  when  receiving  the  degrees  cannot  be  overestimated.  If  you  have  no  work  to 
do,  remember  and  regard  the  admonition  of  our  most  excellent  Past  Grand  Master  Josiah 
H.  Drummond,  to  assemble  yourselves  together  at  your  stated  communications  socially,  as 
friends  and  brothers  spread  the  cement  of  brotherly  love  and  aflection,  learn  the  lectures 
and  the  work,  study  and  practice  the  teachings  of  our  ancient  and  honorable  institution, 
and  you  will  not  materially  err;  you  will  have  your  reward  —  the  approval  and  blessing 
of  your  God.     Farewell.  Reuel  Washburn. 

North  Livermore,  June  22,  1877. 

Friday,  March  8,  1878,  united  with  Oriental  Star  Lodge  in  conferring  the 
last  honors  of  masonry  on  the  remains  of  this  honored  Mason,  and  March  13 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  draft  resolutions  on  his  death.  June  12  the 
death  of  Bro.  E.  N.  Wheeler  reported,  and  officers  elected.  W.  H.  Wood,  W. 
M.;  F.  Garcelon,  S.  W.;  E.  S.  Goding,  J.  W.;  M.  M.  Stone,  Treas.;  W.  S. 
Treat,  Sec;  L.  P.  Gould,  Chap.;  R.  C.  Boothby,  S.  D.;  P.  E.  Hinds,  J.  D. 
The  officers  were  installed  July  10.  March  12,  1879,  voted  to  attend  the 
celebration  of  St  John's  Day  at  Portland.  Officers  for  1879-80 :  W.  H.  Wood, 
W.  M.;  F.  Garcelon,  S.  W.;  E.  S.  Goding,  J.  W.;  M.  M.  Stone,  Treas.;  W.  S. 
Treat,  Sec;  C.  B.  Knapp,  Chap.  June  24  was  passed  pleasantly  at  Portland, 
as  the  secretary  records  "having  had  a  big  time."  In  1880  the  lodge  was 
reported  as  "nearly  out  of  debt."     Frank  Garcelon  was  elected  W.  M.;  R.  C. 


262  History  of  Androscogoin  County. 


Boothby,  S.  W.;  Alonzo  M.  Bunipus,  J.  W.;  M.  M.  Stone,  Treas.;  C.  B. 
Knapp,  Sec.  They  were  installed  by  R.  W.  David  Cargill,  P.  G.  M.,  July  19. 
October  13  voted  to  attend  a  celebration  of  Wilton  Lodge,  October  21.  Feb- 
ruary 9,  1881,  R.  W.  C.  R.  Whitten,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  made  an  official  visit.  He 
was  "much  pleased  to  see  such  good  work."  May  11  voted  "to  allow  the  Odd 
Fellows  the  use  of  our  hall  for  meetings."  Officers  elected  June  8  were  pub- 
licly installed  June  24  by  A.  M.  Roak,  D.  D.  G.  M.;  Frank  Garcelon,  W.  M.; 
R.  C.  Boothby,  S.  W.;  A.  M.  Bumpus,  J.  W.;  Rev.  G.  L.  Burbank,  Chap.; 
M.  M.  Stone,  Treas. ;  C.  B.  Knapp,  Sec.  September  26  lodge  attended  memo- 
rial exercises  in  honor  of  the  late  President  James  A.  Garfield. 

The  first  meeting  in  the  new  Masonic  Hall  in  Treat's  Block  was  held  Jan- 
uary 4,  1882,  and  it  was  voted  to  furnish  it  at  an  expense  of  $250.  March  1 
D.  D.  G.  M.  Algernon  M.  Roak  visited  the  lodge  officially,  and  complimented 
it  on  its  correct  work  and  its  neat  and  commodious  hall.  June  28  were  elected 
and  installed  the  officers  for  the  ensuing  year:  R.  C.  Boothby,  W.  M. ;  A.  M. 
Bumpus,  S.  W.;  D.  C.  Searles,  J.  W. ;  M.  M.  Stone,  Treas.;  C.  B.  Knapp,  Sec; 
G.  L.  Burbank,  Chap.  June  20,  1883,  election  of  officers :  R.  C.  Boothby, 
W.  M.;  A.  M.  Bumpus,  S.  W.;  D.  C.  Searles,  J.  W.;  J.  A.  Rich,  Treas.;  E.  S. 
Coding,  Sec;  David  Cargill,  Chap.  February  15,  1884,  official  visit  of  D.  D. 
G.  M.  N.  U.  Hinkley,  who  exemplified  work  on  the  third  degree.  March  15 
the  death  of  Bro.  M.  M.  Stone,  so  long  treasurer,  was  reported.  May  29  the 
lodge  conducted  the  funeral  services  of  Bro.  John  W.  Eaton.  June  4  elected 
officers:  A.  M.  Bumpus,  W.  M.;  D.  C.  Searles,  S.  W. ;  W.  S.  Treat,  J.  W.; 
David  Cargill,  Chap.;  E.  S.  Coding,  Sec;  J.  A.  Rich,  Treas.  June  24,  1885, 
were  elected  the  same  officers  as  last  year  except  that  R.  C.  Boothby  was  made 
tyler.  Public  installation  July  1,  R.  C.  Boothby,  P.  M.,  installing  officer. 
January  20,  1886,  a  contribution  was  sent  to  the  sufferers  by  the  Galveston, 
Texas,  fire.  June  10  election  of  officers:  D.  C.  Searles,  W.  M.;  W.  S.  Treat, 
S.  W.;  H.  W.  Bailey,  J.  W.;  R.  W.  Weld,  Treas.;  J.  A.  Record,  Sec;  David 
Cargill,  Chap.  December  15  funeral  of  Bro.  C.  S.  Hutchins.  March  9,  1887, 
D.  D.  G.  M.  Geo.  S.  Woodman  made  an  official  visit.  June  1  annual  meeting. 
Officers  chosen:  D.  C.  Searles,  W.  M.;  W.  S.  Treat,  S.  W.;  H.  W.  Bailey, 
J.  W.;  R.  C.  Boothby,  Sec;  R.  W.  Weld,  Treas.  Public  installation  June  15, 
P.  M.  R.  C.  Boothby,  installing  officer.  After  the  installation  Mrs  S.  J.  Burgess, 
in  behalf  of  ladies  interested  in  the  lodge,  presented  the  brethren  an  elegant 
Bible.  A  magnificent  banquet  followed.  January  25,  1888,  the  death  of  Bro. 
Albert  G.  French  was  reported.  June  20  elected  W.  S.  Treat,  W.  M.;  H.  W. 
Bailey,  S.  W.;  H.  H.  Dyke,  J.  W.;  R.  W.  Weld,  Treas.;  R.  C.  Boothby,  Sec. 
June  30  they  were  publicly  installed,  David  Cargill,  P.  G.  M.,  officiating. 
August  15  the  death  of  Bro.  H.  H.  White  was  reported.  June  11,  1889, 
attended  the  funeral  of  Dr  Albion  R.  Millett,  a  worthy  brother.  July  10  were 
installed  the  officers-elect:     W.  S.  Treat,  W.  M.;    Henry  W.  Bailey,  S.  W.; 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  263 

Davilla  S.  Thompson,  J.  W.;  Roswell  C.  Boothby,  Sec;  Stephen  J.  Burgess, 
Marshal;  David  Cargill,  Chap.;  Clinton  Newman,  Tyler.  April  8,  1890,  R.  C. 
Boothby,  having  been  made  I).  D.  G.  M.,  visited  the  lodge  oflicially  and  made 
corrections  in  the  work.  May  28,  1890,  officers  elected:  D.  S.  Thompson, 
W.  M.;  R.  M.  Maxim,  S.  W.;  J.  G.  Ham,  J.  W.;  R.  W.  Weld,  Treas.;  R.  C. 
Boothby,  Sec.  Public  installation  June  10,  P.  M.  W.  S.  Treat  officiating. 
February  18,  1891,  the  third  degree  was  conferred  by  the  officers  of  Oriental 
Star  Lodge.  April  22  the  death  of  Bro.  Sullivan  Newman  was  reported.  The 
lodge  June  1,  1891,  has  95  members,  is  practically  free  from  debt,  with 
brotherly  love  existing  among  the  craftsmen,  and  the  prospect  that  much 
benefit  will  be  realized  through  its  labors. 

Androscoggin  Chapter  of  R.  A.  M,  No.  o4-,  Liocrmort'  Falh,  was  instituted 
in  1871  at  Canton.  A  petition  signed  by  13  R.  A.  Masons,  recommended  by 
King  Hiram  Chapter  of  Lewiston,  was  forwarded  to  M.  E.  Stephen  J.  Young, 
G.  H.  P.,  asking  for  a  dispensation,  which  was  granted  January  21,  1871,  to 
Hiram  A.  Ellis,  Charles  A.  Coolidge,  Otis  Playford,  Jr,  John  D.  Hodge,  R.  E. 
Hathaway,  Gideon  Ellis,  and  George  W.  Moore  of  Cant6n,  H.  T.  Gleason,  J. 
H.  Gleason,  P.  M.  Edwards,  and  John  H.  Ellis  of  Mexico,  H.  F.  Howard  of 
Dixfield,  Wm  H.  H.  Wood  of  Livermore  Falls.  The  officers  named  were : 
Otis  Hayford,  Jr,  H.  P.;  John  D.  Hodge,  King;  John  H.  Ellis,  Scribe.  The 
chapter  was  opened  January  30,  1871,  at  Masonic  Hall  in  Canton,  which  had 
been  erected  the  previous  summer  for  this  purpose,  and  duly  organized,  with 
these  officers:  M.  E.  Otis  Hayford,  Jr,  H.  P.;  ex-Comps.  John  D.  Hodge, 
King;  John  H.  Ellis,  Scribe;  Comps.  Henry  F.  Howard,  Treas.;  Hiram  A. 
Ellis,  Sec. ;  C.  T.  Gleason,  P.  S. ;  George  W.  Moore,  C.  H. ;  Charles  A.  Cool- 
idge, R.  A.  C. ;  C.  E.  Philoon,  M.  3d  V. ;  R.  E.  Hathaway,  M.  2d  V. ;  W.  H.  H. 
Wood,  M,  1st  v.;  P.  M.  Edmunds,  Sent.  It  received  its  charter,  dated  May 
3,  1871,  June  26,  1871,  when  these  officers  were  chosen  :  M.  E.  Otis  Hayford, 
H.  P. ;  John  D.  Hodge,  King ;  John  H.  Ellis,  Scribe  ;  Oscar  Hayford,  Treas. ; 
Hiram  A.  Ellis,  Sec.  October  6  there  were  present  M.  E.  Stephen  J.  Young, 
G.  H.  P. ;  Comp.  Warren  Phillips,  G.  Sent. ;  Comp.  Dura  Bradford  as  G.  C. ; 
Comp.  Geo.  W.  Moore  as  G.  C.  of  H.,  and  the  chapter  was  duly  constituted, 
after  which  the  above  officers  were  installed  by  M.  E.  Stephen  J.  Young,  G. 
H.  P.,  as  were  also  these  appointed  officers :  Geo.  W.  Moore,  C.  H. ;  Wm  H. 
H.  Washburn,  P.  S. ;  C.  A.  Coolidge,  R.  A.  C. ;  C.  S.  Brown,  M.  3d  V. ;  Wm 
K.  Decoster,  M.  2d  V.;  John  N.  Read,  M.  1st  V.;  Isaac  A.  Ellis,  S.  S.;  C.  E. 
Philoon,  J.  S.;  Rev.  O.  H.  Johnson,  Chap.;  F.  M.  Mayo,  Sent. 

August  15,  1872,  Masonic  Hall,  Canton,  was  dedicated,  these  taking  part 
Oriental  Star  Lodge,  No.  21,  Livermore ;  King  Hiram  Lodge,  No.  57,  Dixfield 
Nezinscot  Lodge,  No.  101,  Turner;    Evening  Star  Lodge,  No.  147,  Buckfield 
Whitney  Lodge,  No.  167,  Canton  ;  Androscoggin  R.  A.  Chapter  ;  Grand  Lodge 
of  Maine,  M.  W.  David  Cargill,  G.  M.;    Grand  Chapter  of  Maine,  M.  E.  John 


264  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

W.  Ballou,  G.  H.  P.  Comp.  Gideon  Ellis,  the  oldest  member  of  the  chapter, 
died  November  1,  1872,  in  his  77th  year.  December,  1873,  Comp.  Gilbert  L. 
Heald  died.  January  1,  1876,  the  chapter  had  60  members;  the  following 
from  this  county:  Wm  H.  H.  Wood,  Frank  Garcelon,  Elijah  and  Marshman 
E.  Wardsvvorth,  Roswell  C.  Boothhy,  Livermore  Falls  ;  Welcome  F.  Fuller  and 
Henry  Clay  Munson,  Turner;  Charles  Jones,  Livermore.  P^lected  officers: 
June  17,  1872,  Otis  Hayford,  H.  P.;  John  D.  Hodge,  King;  Dura  Bradford, 
Scribe;  Oscar  Hayford,  Treas. ;  H.  A.  Ellis,  Sec.  June  9,  1873,  John  D. 
Hodge,  H.  P.;  Dura  Bradford,  King;  George  W.  Moore,  Scribe;  Oscar  Hay- 
ford, Treas.;  H.  A.  Ellis,  Sec.  June  29,  1874,  M.  E.  Dura  Bradford,  H.  P.; 
W.  H.  Washburn,  King  ;  John  H.  Ellis,  Scribe  ;  Oscar  Hayford,  Treas. ;  H. 
A.  Ellis,  Sec.     June  14,  1875,  the  only  change  is  that  of  Otis  Hayford,  Sec. 

For  some  years  the  chapter  was  prosperous,  then  interest  waxed  cold,  pay- 
ment of  dues  was  neglected,  only  a  faithful  few  preserved  its  vitality,  and  the 
roll  of  the  officers  would  be  very  nearly  the  annual  repetition  of  their  names. 
Things  grew  from  bad  to  worse  as  the  years  wore  on.  In  1887  the  chapter  was 
holding  its  meetings  in  the  hall  of  the  brick  store,  as  the  old  Masonic  Hall  was 
let  and  occupied  for  other  than  Masonic  purposes  since  the  fire  of  January  28, 
1887,  and  in  October  a  chapter  was  opened.  Finding  the  old  hall  not  in  con- 
dition to  hold  said  meeting,  it  was  voted  to  act  with  Whitney  Lodge  to  see 
what  should  be  done  with  the  furniture  and  other  fixtures,  and  to  see  what 
arrangements  could  be  made  with  the  lodge  to  use  said  hall  in  common  with 
the  lodge;  also  voted  to  write  for  a  dispensation  to  elect  officers  at  the  regular 
convocation  in  November,  having  failed  to  do  so  at  the  annual  meeting. 
November  28,  Cyrus  T.  Bonney,  Jr,  was  chosen  H.  P.;  Thos.  Raymond,  King; 
A.Delano,  Scribe;  James  H.  Burbank,  Treas.  Again  the  chapter  failed  to 
elect  officers,  and  August  20,  1888,  a  dispensation  was  again  asked  for,  and  the 
visit  of  some  grand  officer  with  whom  to  consult  was  requested.  The  dispen- 
sation was  granted,  and  September  15  officers  were  elected,  and  October  15, 
installed:  Cyrus  T.  Bonney,  Jr,  H.  P.;  Thos.  Reynolds,  King;  John  D.  Hodge, 
Scribe;  E.  R.  Oldham,  C.  H.;  C.  M.  Holland,  R.  A.  C,  with  others.  Decem- 
ber 17  a  convocation  was  held  in  Grange  Hall,  Canton,  under  a  dispensation, 
and  a  counsel  was  held  with  the  Grand  Scribe.  At  a  later  convocation  14 
members  were  deprived  of  membership  for  arrearages  of  dues.  April  15,  1889, 
voted  18  to  1  in  favor  of  removal  to  Livermore  Falls. 

The  first  meeting  at  Livermore  Falls  was  the  annual  convocation,  June  10, 
1889.  R.  C.  lioothby  was  chosen  H.  P. ;  B.  C.  Waite,  K. ;  W.  S.  Treat,  Scribe  ; 
who  were  installed  by  M.  E.  Dura  Bradford,  P.  H.  P.  June  30,  1890,  R.  C. 
Boothby  was  elected  and  installed  H.  P.;  W.  S.  Treat,  K. ;  I).  S.  Thompson, 
S.  J.  G.  Ham  was  then  appointed  C.  of  H.  ;  E.  Eaton,  P.  S. ;  S.  E.  Perkins, 
R.  A.  C. ;  C.  R.  Loring,  M.  3d  V. ;  E.  S.  Coding,  M.  2d  V. ;  D.  C.  Searles,  M. 
1st  V.     Comp.  David  Cargill  was  made  an  honorary  member.     November  25 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  265 

A.  M.  Roak,  H.  P.  of  Bradford  Chapter,  by  request  confers  the  R.  A.  degree 
on  several  substitutes.  There  are  now  (Jun-e  1,  1891,)  54  members,  seven 
having  been  received  the  past  year  and  one  dimitted.  In  its  new  home  the 
chapter  is  in  good  condition,  and  bids  fair  to  have  a  flourishing  future.  Among 
its  treasures  the  chapter  cherishes  a  gavel  made  in  Jerusalem ;  the  head  is  of 
olive  wood  from  Mt  Olivet,  the  handle  of  wood  grown  on  the  banks  of  the 
Jordan.     This  was  a  present  from  Rev.  A.  C.  Herrick. 

ODD   FELLOWSHIP. 

Manufacturers  and  Mechanies  Lodge,  No.  62,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  Lewiston,  was 
instituted  March  19,  1853,  by  D.  G.  M.  John  Read,  assisted  by  J.  B.  Ham 
as  Grand  Marshal,  Ebenezer  Ham  as  Grand  Secretary,  Stephen  H.  Read  as 
Grand  Treasurer,  Ham  Brooks  as  Grand  Warden.  The  petition  was  signed  by 
Jordan  K.  Piper,  George  Webb,  E.  D.  Clark,  George  Latham,  and  Charles  J. 
Greene,  all  residents  of  Lewiston.  It  is  not  known  when  or  where  they  joined 
the  order.  The  charter  was  granted  by  the  Grand  Lodge  in  July,  1853.  The 
lodge  was  unquestionably  instituted  in  a  small  hall  in  the  upper  part  of  Jones's 
Block,  which  was  occupied  by  them  for  some  time,  renting  it  of  a  temperance 
society  who  controlled  it  and  subsequently  leased  it.  The  first  officers  installed 
were:  Geo.  Webb,  N.  G.;  Geo.  Latham,  V.  G.;  E.  D.  Clark,  R.  Sec;  Charles 
J.  Green,  Treas.  Geo.  W.  Farr,  Hermon  L.  Guild,  Benj.  Dexter,  Hanson  W. 
Small,  David  S.  Parker,  and  James  Lewis  were  elected  and  initiated  at  the 
meeting.  This  was  the  first  lodge  instituted  in  Lewiston,  and  entered  upon  a 
season  of  unusual  prosperity,  additions  being  made  to  its  membership  at  nearly 
every  meeting.  This  prosperity  continued  for  several  years;  but  from  1855 
to  1861  the  order  in  the  state  was  suffering  much  from  depletion  in  member- 
ship owing,  in  a  large  measure,  to  the  imperfect  administration  of  its  financial 
affairs.  At  that  time  the  relation  between  dues  and  weekly  benefits  was 
not  properly  adjusted.  During  these  years  many  of  the  lodges  throughout  the 
country  were  financially  ruined.  The  lodge  was  involved  in  the  general  depres- 
sion, but  continued  to  administer  its  affairs  until  September  20,  1858.  From 
that  time  until  October  3,  1859,  there  are  no  records  of  any  sessions.  It  met 
October  10,  1859,  in  the  hall  over  Keyes's  store.  This  was  on  the  northerly  side 
of  Haymarket  Square,  the  building  next  to  the  Frye  house.  This  hall  they 
secured  for  $25  per  annum.  Subsequently  another  room  for  an  anteroom  was 
leased  for  $5  per  annum,  which  made  comfortable  and  convenient  rooms  for  a 
short  time.  The  installation  of  officers,  October  21,  1859,  was  in  the  hall  of 
Androscoggin  Lodge,  in  Auburn.  They  were  installed  by  D.  G.  M.  Nahura 
Morrill,  as  follows :  Geo.  W.  Farr,  N.  G. ;  J.  W.  Hutchinson,  V.  G. ;  E.  D. 
Johnson,  Rec.  Sec. ;  George  Webb,  Treas.  These  rooms  were  soon  too  small, 
and  a  committee  was  raised  January  16,  1860,  to  ascertain  if  the  lodge  could 
procure  Cutter's  Hall,  which  was  obtained  for  t|55  per  year,  and  January  25, 


206  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


1860,  it  was  occupied,  holding  the  first  meeting  January  30.  The  lodge  did 
some  repairing  in  the  hall,  had  it  lighted  with  gas,  and  the  floor  neatly  car- 
peted. Prosperity  was  now  assured.  Accessions  were  made  at  almost  every 
meeting.  In  1864,  owing  in  a  great  measure  to  increase  in  membership,  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  secure  a  hall  better  adapted  to  their  needs,  and 
sufiiciently  large  to  give  them  ample  accommodations.  This  reported  Septem- 
ber 28,  1864,  in  favor  of  rooms  in  Central  Block.  The  lodge  voted  to  occupy 
the  rooms,  which  were  fitted  up  at  an  expense  of  #96.68,  the  carpet  being  paid 
for  by  subscription.  These  were  comfortable  and  convenient  quarters,  with 
sufficient  room  for  work,  and  the  lodge  was  supplied  with  ample  means  to  carry 
on  its  charitable  and  fraternal  labors.  This  hall  was  occupied  until  June, 
1870.  On  Sunday  morning,  June  12,  1870,  the  westerly  portion  of  Central 
Block,  which  included  Odd  Fellows  Hall,  was  destroyed.  The  lodge  lost  its 
furniture,  and  the  most  of  its  paraphernalia.  The  loss  was  '$800,  with  an 
insurance  of  -1500.  From  June  15  to  September  14,  1870,  the  lodge  held 
weekly  sessions  in  the  hall  of  Androscoggin  Lodge,  in  Auburn.  At  the  first 
session  after  the  fire,  June  15,  the  lodge  chose  Geo.  A.  Callahan,  Warren  E. 
Pressey,  and  Geo.  A.  Drew  to  act  with  a  committee  of  Androscoggin  Lodge  in 
procuring  and  furnishing  a  new  hall.  Rooms  were  found  in  Union  Block. 
They  were  completed,  fitted  up,  furnished,  and  formally  delivered  to  the  joint 
committee,  Tuesday  evening,  September  13,  1870,  and  were  occupied  by  this 
lodge  on  the  following  evening.  The  hall  was  also  occupied  by  Andros- 
coggin Lodge  and  Worombus  Encampment.  At  this  time  Manufacturers  and 
Mechanics  Lodge  entered  upon  a  period  of  marked  prosperity.  It  has  con- 
stantly increased  in  numbers  as  well  as  influence,  and  is  to-day  among  the 
large  and  strong  lodges  of  the  state.  Desiring  larger  and  better  accommoda- 
tions, the  lodge  in  connection  with  Golden  Rule  Lodge,  leased  the  upper  story 
of  Odd  Fellows  Block  for  the  use  of  the  order  in  this  city.  The  expense  to 
this  lodge  in  finishing  and  furnishing  was  about  -f  1,500,  and  the  members  joined 
with  Golden  Rule  Lodge  in  the  dedication,  January  8,  1877,  with  pride  and 
satisfaction.  The  hall  and  adjoining  rooms  are  among  the  best  in  the  state  and 
are  especially  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  lodge.  They  were  occupied  for  the 
first  time  by  this  lodge,  in  January,  1877.  The  lodge  has  expended  for  the 
relief  of  its  members  about  'il'27,000,  an  average  of  more  than  -1700  per  annum. 
Its  membership  is  408.  In  1872  Geo.  A.  Callahan  of  this  lodge  was  elected 
Grand  Master,  and  filled  the  office  with  much  satisfaction  to  the  order 
througliout  the  state.  At  the  annual  session  of  the  Grand  Lodge  in  1873,  he 
was  elected  representative  to  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge,  where  he  acquired 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  work  of  the  order,  and  undoubtedly  did  more 
than  any  of  his  predecessors  to  perfect  it  among  the  lodges  of  this  jurisdiction. 
Golden  Mule  Lodge,  No.  73,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  Lewiston,  was  instituted  September 
26,  1873,  by  Grand  M.  O.  B.  Whitten,  assisted  by  Grand  Sec.  Joshua  Davis, 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  267 

Past  Grand  Masters  Benjamin  Kingsbury  and  J.  E.  Haseltine.  The  charter 
members  were  George  A.  Callahan,  Silas  W.  Cook,  George  A.  Drew,  George 
W.  Maxfield,  Arthur  S.  Melcher,  Fred  A.  Hall,  Eben  J.  Atwood,  Samuel  O. 
Wood,  Edwin  Wakefield,  Ai  Brooks,  Abel  D.  Cook,  Isaac  H.  Estes,  Milton  C. 
Wedgwood,  Wm  F.  Garcelon,  Thos  W.  Murch,  Thos  A.  Eastman.  Eleven  of 
them  came  from  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Lodge,  and  five  from  Andros- 
coggin Lodge  of  Auburn.  The  following  were  initiated  in  Manufacturers  and 
Mechanics  Lodge:  George  A.  Callahan,  February  18,  1863;  Silas  W.  Cook, 
January  31,  1872;  George  A.  Drew,  June  19,  1869;  George  W.  Maxfield, 
February  5,  1867;  Arthur  S.  Melcher,  February  19,  1873;  Fred  A.  Hall, 
February  19,  1873 ;  Eben  J.  Atwood,  May  4,  1869 ;  S.  O.  Wood,  May  21, 
1873;  Edwin  Wakefield,  February  27,  1872;  A.  D.  Cook,  August  6,  1873;  L 
H.  Estes,  May  31,  1871 ;  and  the  following  in  Androscoggin  Lodge :  William 
F.  Garcelon,  January  10,  1870;  M.  C.  Wedgwood,  October  3,  1870;  Ai 
Brooks,  May  17,  1869;  T.  W.  Murch,  January  23,  1871;  T.  A.  Eastman, 
March  25,  1872.  The  grand  officers  installed  Ai  Brooks,  N.  G.;  S.  W.  Cook, 
V.  G.;  S.  O.  Wood,  R.  Sec;  Fred  A.  Hall,  P.  Sec;  and  T.  W.  Murch, 
Treas.  The  charter  was  granted  August  11,  1874.  The  lodge  purchased  one- 
half  of  the  furniture  and  paraphernalia  of  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Lodge, 
and  became  joint  tenant  of  its  hall,  where  it  held  weekly  sessions  until  January 
11,  1877,  when  it  occupied  its  present  rooms  in  Odd  Fellows  Block.  At  this 
session,  the  first  in  the  new  hall,  these  officers  were  publicly  installed:  Thos  H. 
Jordan,  N.  G.;  D.  Horace  Holman,  V.  G,;  J.  G.  Elder,  R.  Sec;  Fred  A.  Hall, 
P.  Sec;  L.  C.  Peck,  Treas.  This  hall  was  jointly  fitted  up  by  Manufacturers 
and  Mechanics  Lodge  and  this  lodge,  at  an  expense  of  |3,000.  It  contains  a  hall 
for  regular  sessions,  a  banquet  hall,  and  several  anterooms.  The  hall  was  pub- 
licly dedicated  January,  1877,  by  G.  M.  Stephen  K.  Dyer.  In  his  communication 
to  the  Grand  Lodge,  held  in  Portland,  August  14, 1877,  the  Grand  Master  said: 

January  8,  1877,  I  visited  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Lodge,  No.  62,  and  Golden  Rule 
Lodge,  No.  73,  in  the  city  of  Lewiston.  Assisted  by  S.  P.  Getchell,  G.  M.,  Chas  H. 
Blake,  G.  Chap.,  J.  E.  Haseltine  and  J.  N.  Read,  P.  G.  Representatives,  and  Past  Grands 
A.  D.  Smith,  0.  G.  Douglass,  and  S.  W.  Cook,  I  publicly  dedicated  their  beautiful  hall,  one 
of  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  state,  and  I  congratulated  the  brethren  upon  the  prosperity 
that  has  attended  them  in  thus  pi'oviding  themselves  with  such  a  comfortable  home.  At 
the  conclusion  of  the  dedicatory  service  we  had  the  pleasure  of  listening  to  an  able  address 
delivered  by  Rev.  Bro.  Bolton,  which  added  much  to  the  interest  of  the  occasion. 

The  officers  were  publicly  installed  by  the  Grand  Master,  January  7,  1878. 
This  was  the  first  installation  by  the  Grand  Master,  and  we  quote  from  his 
annual  communication  to  the  Grand  Lodge  his  reference  to  it:  — 

January  7,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  assembly  of  invited  friends,  with  the  assistance  of 
the  Grand  Marshal  and  Past  Grands  Pressey,  Snow,  and  Cook,  I  installed  the  officers  of 


268  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Golden  Rule  Lodge,  No.  73,  at  Lewiston.  Here  I  found  Odd  Fellowship  in  its  most  luxu- 
riant growth.  Our  brethren  here  had  prepared  a  rich  and  bounteous  banquet  in  the 
commodious  anterooms  of  their  beautiful  hall,  to  which  at  the  close  of  the  installation 
ceremony,  all  present  were  invited.  The  warm  greeting  the  ofiflcers  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
received  will  never  be  forgotten. 

At  the  annual  session  of  the  Grand  Lodge  held  at  Auburn,  August  8,  1882, 
Silas  W.  Cook  of  this  lodge  was  elected  Grand  Master  and  held  the  position 
with  honor  to  himself  and  fidelity  to  the  order.  In  1883  he  was  elected  repre- 
sentative to  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge,  and  held  the  office  for  two  years. 
Geo.  W.  Goss  was  elected  Grand  Master  at  the  session  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
held  in  Portland,  August  9,  1887.  He  was  an  able  officer  and  served  with 
much  acceptance.  In  1888  he  was  elected  representative  to  the  Sovereign 
Grand  Lodge,  holding  the  office  for  two  years  and  occupying  positions  upon 
important  committees.  The  lodge  has  expended  more  than  'if!l2,000  in  relief  of 
its  members,  and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  with  a  merabershijD  of  250. 

Worombus  Encampment^  No.  13,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  Lewiston. — The  warrant  for  the 
institution  of  Worombus  Encampment  was  dated  April  25, 1848,  and  signed  by 
Benjamin  Kingsbury,  G.  P.,  and  Nathaniel  F.  Deering,  G.  S.  The  petitioners 
were  J.  C.  Lane,  S.  P.  Gorham,  Elisha  Turner,  Benjamin  Dunn,  Temple  Tib- 
betts.  Nelson  B.  Reynolds,  Uriah  Read,  Levi  A.  Gould,  and  William  T.  Plaisted. 
The  institution  took  place  at  Odd  Fellows  Hall  in  Auburn,  April  27,  1848, 
under  the  direction  of  Nathaniel  F.  Deering,  Acting  G.  P. ;  Edward  P.  Banks, 
Acting  G.  H.  P.;  Wm  E.  Kimball,  G.  S.  W. ;  Fred  W.  Nichols,  Acting  G.  S.; 
Nathaniel  Walker,  Acting  G.  T.  After  the  institution  of  the  encampment 
these  patriarchs  were  elected  and  installed :  Levi  A.  Gould,  J.  W. ;  Elisha 
Turner,  Treas. ;  Benjamin  Dunn,  Scribe;  S.  P.  Gorham,  S.  W. ;  N.B.Reynolds, 
H.  P.;  J.  C.  Lane,  C.  P.;  W.  T.  Plaisted,  G. ;  Temple  Tibbetts,  S.  W. ;  Uriah 
Read,  T.  W.  In  the  evening  Geo.  W.  Foss,  Dan  Read,  3d,  Almon  C.  Pray, 
Stephen  Blethen,  Daniel  B.  Hawks,  and  Ai  Brooks  received  the  degrees. 

The  encampment  experienced  usual  prosperity,  holding  regular  sessions 
until  August  10,  1857.  Then  followed  a  period  of  great  depression,  from 
which  the  order  throughout  the  country  suffered.  It  was  largely  occasioned 
by  the  false  basis  on  which  the  financial  principles  of  the  order  rested.  From 
the  above  date  until  January  26,  1869,  no  session  was  held.  The  charter  had 
not  been  recalled,  having  been  cared  for  by  some  of  the  members.  The  few 
patriarchs  who  remained  in  the  vicinity  were  anxious  to  have  the  encampment 
revived,  and  the  officers  of  the  Grand  Encampment  appointed  a  meeting  for 
January  26,  1869,  and  reorganized  under  the  old  charter.  Not  enough  of  the 
old  members  could  be  found  to  constitute  a  quorum,  and  the  grand  officers 
were  compelled  to  initiate  new  members  before  the  organization  could  be 
perfected.  The  grand  officers  were:  James  E.  Haseltine,  G.  P.;  C.  C. 
Hayes,  Acting  G.  H.  P.;    George  A.  Walden,  G.  S.  W.;    Charles  H.  Rich, 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  269 

G.  J.  W.;  George  F.  Mariner,  G.  S.;  Charles  B.  Nash,  G.T.;  N.  G.  Cummings, 
G.  S.  The  officers  were:  Almon  C.  Pray,  C.  P.;  Geo.  A.  Callahan,  H.  P.; 
John  Holt,  S.  W. ;  C.  S.  Emerson,  J.  W. ;  J.  M.  Cook,  Scribe  ;  Frank  H.  Riggs, 
Treas.  With  this  new  lease  of  life  the  encampment  commenced  a  period  of 
usefulness  and  unremitted  prosperity.  It  has  now  a  large  and  steadily  increas- 
ing membership,  and  is  bestowing  its  bounties  as  well  as  its  charities  to  those 
deserving.  The  past  chief  patriarchs  are :  J.  C.  Lane,  S.  P.  Gorham,  N.  B. 
Reynolds,  Benjamin  Dunn,  Geo.  W.  Foss,  Almon  C.  Pray,  Samuel  Stetson, 
Everett  H.  Jones,  Nahum  Morrill,  Dan  Read,  3d,  Uriah  Read,  John  Holt,  Geo. 
A.  Callahan,  J.  M.  Cook,  Geo.  A.  Drew,  Wm  F.  Garcelon,  Hiram  Snow,  Wm 
Pulverman,  Ai  Brooks,  J.  D.  Johnson,  S.  W.  Cook,  J.  O.  Nickerson,  C.  B. 
Heath,  Frank  A.  Conant,  Thomas  W.  Murch,  Arion  C.  Peirce,  John  L.  Pea- 
body,  Melvin  J.  Googin,  D.  H.  Holman,  Thomas  H.  Jordan,  Geo.  W.  Furbush, 
J.  G.  Elder,  Lewis  C.  Peck,  Albert  L.  Wells,  Geo.  F.  Turner,  Chas  H.  Plobbs, 
John  S.  Manson,  Albion  K.  (3rdway,  E.  T.  Hatch,  L.  P.  Woodbury,  Geo.  W. 
Goss,  Chas  H.  Osgood,  R.  W.  Clark,  Fred  L  Morrell,  Fred  J.  Hodgkins, 
Everett  E.  Read,  Aubrey  G.  Lothrop,  Thomas  F.  Palmer,  James  M.  Sherman, 
Robert  W.  Keist,  Chas  O.  Morrell,  E.  O.  Carll,  J.  E.  Bailey,  L.  W.  Daly. 

Grand  Canton  Worombus,  JVo.  1,  I.  0.  0.  F.  —  The  organization  of  a 
military  branch  of  the  order  was  a  matter  of  special  legislation  by  the 
Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  in  1885.  In  1884  a  special  committee  was  appointed, 
authorized  to  present  a  plan  for  such  an  organization  at  the  next  session  of  the 
Sovereign  Grand  Lodge.  The  plan  presented,  with  slight  modifications,  was 
adopted  at  the  session  of  1885,  a  commanding  officer  elected,  and  measures 
adopted  to  institute  cantons  throughout  the  United  States.  Inspired  with  the 
belief  that  such  an  organization  would  give  a  healthful  enthusiasm  to  the  order, 
some  of  the  members  in  this  communit}''  took  measures  to  secure  the  institution 
of  one  at  Lewiston.  The  organization  was  perfected  and  a  Grand  Canton 
instituted  February  16,  1886,  by  Lieut-Gen.  J.  C.  Underwood,  assisted  by 
Lieut-Col  Henry  A.  Cox  as  aide-de-camp.  The  officers  were  Henry  M. 
Sprague,  Com.;  Chandler  H.  Barron,  Lieut;  J.  M.  Sherman,  E.;  J.  M. 
Fernald,  C. ;  L.  W.  Daly,  A.  The  charter  members  were  :  Oscar  G.  Douglass, 
Leonard  P.  Woodbury,  Geo.  W.  Goss,  Geo.  A.  Callahan,  Geo.  A.  Drew,  Edgar 
J.  Riker,  Arthur  S.  Melcher,  John  E.  Miller,  Lewis  C.  Peck,  John  Davis, 
Geo.  W.  Maxlield,  Geo.  H.  Harmon,  Wm  H.  Roberts,  James  Cooper,  Wm 
Pulverman,  Horace  C.  Beal,  Dennis  Harris,  Chandler  H.  Barron,  Rendall  W. 
Clark,  Fred  I.  Morrell,  Fred  J.  Hodgkins,  Israel  B.  Merrill,  Rendall  Dresser, 
Eben  W.  Dresser,  Chas  F.  Goss,  Benjamin  F.  Getchell,  Henry  T.  Haskell, 
John  Richardson,  John  L.  Frost,  Wm  A.  Shackford,  Geo.  W.  Monk,  Chas  H. 
Foster,  Jas  S.  Randall,  Albert  B.  Nealey,  John  L.  Peabody,  Jas  M.  Fernald, 
Frank  A.  Conant,  D.  Horace  Holman,  Edwin  Wakefield,  Edward  M.  Lowell, 
Phil  P.  Getchell,  Geo.  F.  Turner,  Henry  M.  Austin,  Byron  A.  Bearce,  Chas 


270  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


F.  Cornish,  Reuben  M.  Gordon,  Chas  W.  Hill,  Lucius  C.  Robbins,  Palmer  O. 
Spinney,  Geo.  W.  P'urbush,  Albert  A.  Foss,  J.  Frank  Pickering,  Fred  Olfene, 
James  O.  Nickerson,  Robert  W.  Keist,  Jas  M.  Sherman,  J.  G.  Elder,  Herbert 
A.  Cole,  Alvah  Doten,  Jas  T.  Small,  Ivory  D.  Stevens,  Chauncy  B.  White, 
Fred  G.  Payne,  Abner  Linnell,  Edwin  O.  Carll,  John  Corrigan,  Edwin  A. 
Lane,  Aubrey  G.  Lothrop,  Samuel  H.  Foster,  Lorenzo  W.  Daly,  Edwin  N. 
Hutchins,  Charles  G.  Corliss,  Melvin  J.  Googin,  Clinton  B.  Heath,  Frank  W. 
Dana,  Daniel  Guptill,  John  F.  Lamb,  Benj.  Palmer,  Silas  W.  Cook,  Albion  K. 
Ordway,  Nahum  Morrill,  Wm  E.  Longley,  Edward  H.  Kimball,  Geo.  W. 
Metcalf,  Everett  E.  Read,  Wm  Dixon,  Anson  O.  Wight,  Thos  Casson,  Arthur 
E.  Madison,  Geo.  L.  Read,  Henry  B.  Stearns,  Wm  A.  Haines,  Benj.  B. 
Bradford,  Anson  Gilman,  Warren  E.  Riker,  Geo.  W.  Proctor,  Fred  A.  Hall, 
Alvin  T.  Neal,  Hiram  A.  Morrell,  Chas  H.  Osgood,  Chester  M.  Lord,  David 
Williams,  David  P.  Field,  Henry  H.  Hanson,  Fred  S.  Weymouth,  Levi 
Greenleaf,  John  Harper,  William  Olfene,  Charles  Davis,  Orrin  A.  Horr,  Geo. 
H.  Harris,  Isaiah  Merrill,  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  Wm  H.  Newell,  Leonard  C. 
Moore,  Frank  L.  Noble,  Wm  Dickey,  Henry  A.  Torsey,  Horace  C.  Little, 
Frank  G.  Ham,  Chas  H.  Hinckley,  Wm  Entwistle,  Jos.  H.  Day,  Chas  W. 
Dexter,  Chas  S.  Crowell,  Geo.  M.  Coombs,  Rufus  Carr,  Sewell  H.  Bagley, 
Thomas  W.  Murch,  Marshall  Emery,  John  T.  Hale,  Thomas  F.  Palmer.  The 
canton  has  a  drill  corps  of  34  members  and  three  officers,  which  has  been 
thoroughly  trained,  under  the  direction  of  Major  Brabson.  At  a  tournament 
at  Cincinnati,  July  26,  1888,  participated  in  by  drill  corps  throughout  the 
country,  they  won  the  sixth  prize,  which  was  a  banner,  valued  at  $300,  a 
purse  of  $200,  and  a  gold  medal  valued  at  $100. 

Sahattus  River  Lodge,  No.  21,  I.  0.  0.  jP.,  Lisbofi,^  was  instituted  March 
17,  1874,  by  G.  M.  O.  B.  Whitten,  assisted  by  W.  F.  Garcelon,  D.  G.  M.,  Geo. 
A.  Callahan,  G.  S.,  Daniel  l^ucas,  G.  G.,  I.  Hicks,  G.  M.  The  charter  mem- 
bers were  A.  Callahan,  J.  M.  Corbett,  Thomas  Judd,  C.  H.  Keopka,  John 
Marsden,  F.  H.  Amback,  E.  M.  Shaw,  G.  L.  Stone.  The  officers  installed 
at  the  first  meeting  were  E.  M.  Shaw,  N.  G.;  F.  H.  Amback,  V.  G.;  J.  M. 
Corbett,  Treas. ;  William  Sheehan,  Sec.  From  its  organization  Sabattus  River 
Lodge  has  added  constantly  to  its  membership,  and  is  socially  and  financially 
one  of  the  best  lodges  of  the  order  in  the  state.  There  are  109  members  in  good 
standing.  The  lodge  owns  its  hall  building,  purchased  in  1875,  and  valued  at 
$2,000,  has  a  paraphernalia  second  to  none  in  Maine  and  valued  at  $500,  and 
has  a  handsome  amount  in  its  treasury,  with  a  large  sum  in  investments. 
Past  Grands  —  Augustus  Callahan,  E.  M.  Shaw,  F.  H.  Amback,  Wm  Sheehan, 
N.  J.  Shaw,  G.  R.  Avery,  John  Willard,  A.  H.  Macurda,  J.  C.  Moore,  N.  J. 
Wedgwood,  M.D.,  A.  Wakefield,  Wm  H.  Miles,  Frank  Miles,  Simeon  Stone, 
Harrison  Glidden,  Thomas  Douglass,  A.  W.  Potter,  M.D.,  H.  G.  Spear,  Frank 

1  By  C.  A.  Jordan,  Secretary. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  271 

A.  Jordan,  H.  P.  Thompson,  R.  G.  Greene,  B.  F.  Thorn,  Virgil  Crockett,  W. 
D.  Byrnes,  E.  T.  Smith,  C.  H.  Foster,  M.  D.  Oiificers,  December,  1890: 
Charles  Slater,  N.  G.;  Frank  Haley,  V.  G. ;  Charles  A.  Jordan,  Sec;  Arthur 
Wakefield,  Treas. 

Monami  Lodge ^  No.  ^O,  L  0.  0.  F.,  MecJianic  Falls.  —  This  lodge  was  insti- 
tuted by  G.  M.  F.  N.  Laughton  and  other  grand  officers,  November  20,  1874, 
at  J.  A.  Bucknam's  hall.  In  the  previous  September  Alvin  Reed,  Charles 
Dwinal,  F.  A.  Millett,  G.  L,  Reed,  and  D.  N.  McCann  held  an  informal  meet- 
ing to  consider  the  propriety  of  an  organization.  Their  petition  for  a  charter 
was  granted,  and  the  lodge  entered  upon  a  career  of  continued  prosperity. 
A.  C.  Denison,  A.  J.  Weston,  C,  M,  Cram,  A.  L.  Gaubert,  Luther  Perkins, 
J.  H.  Fernald,  Charles  Lane,  J.  I.  Martin,  D.  B.  Perry,  J.  W.  Pray,  J.  J. 
Bucknam,  and  D.  F.  Cummings  were  accepted  and  instructed  in  the  degrees 
at  the  first  meeting.  The  first  officers  were:  Alvin  Reed,  N.  G. ;  D.N. 
McCann,  V.  G.;  G.  L.  Reed,  Sec;  Wm  Whitney,  Treas.;  C.  H.  Dwinal,  W.; 
F.  A.  Millett,  C;  D.  F.  Cummings,  O.  G.;  John  Pray,  L  G.;  A.  J.  Weston, 
R.  S.  N.  G.;  A.  L.  Gaubert,  L.  S.  N.  G. ;  D.  B.  Perry,  R.  S.  V.  G.;  Charles 
Lane,  L.  S.  V.  G.;  J.  I.  Martin,  R.  S.  S.;  J.  J.  Bucknam,  L.  S.  S.  In  1888 
the  lodge  had  211  members  in  good  standing,  and  owned  real  estate  and  other 
property  to  the  amount  of  i<3,000.  This  membership  had  increased  to  223  in 
April,  1891.  During  ten  years  prior  to  1888  it  relieved  161  brothers,  paid  out 
for  sick  benefits  14,182,  for  burying  the  dead  |2,200,  and  to  widows  11,800. 
Colfax  Lodge,  No.  27,  Daughters  of  Rebekah,  connected  with  this  lodge,  is  in 
a  flourishing  condition.  Among  the  officers,  June,  1891,  are:  R.  C.  Mayberry, 
N.  G.;  A.  B.  Clapp,  V.  G.;  E.  K.  Holbrook,  R.  Sec;  O.  H.  Guptil,  P.  Sec; 
Z.  Lane,  Treas.;  A.  S.  Ellsworth,  W.;  C.  P.  Lawrence,  C;  F.  Newport,  Chap. ; 
F.  A.  Millett,  M.;  Geo.  E.  Moore,  L.  The  Past  Grands  are  Alvin  Reed,  A. 
Lewis  Gaubert,  George  L.  Reed,  Palmer  T.  Murray,  Nathaniel  Gammon, 
Hiram  Perkins,  David  F.  Cummings,  Charles  F.  Brown,  Herbert  A.  Gerry, 
Addison  E.  True,  Albert  V.  Hathaway,  Frank  E.  Thurlow,  E.  F.  Bradford, 
T.  D.  Sale,  O.  H.  Guptill,  C.  H.  Dwinal,  Andrew  J.  Weston,  F.  A.  Millett, 
John  W.  Pray,  Calvin  M.  Cram,  Dimon  B.  Perry,  John  F.  Briggs,  Jesse  M. 
Libby,  Luther  Perkins,  John  E.  Saunders,  George  W.  Bobbins,  J.  K.  Denning, 
W.  W.  Dennen,  Ernest  K.  Holbrook,  Charles  Lane,  George  Andrews. 

Orion  Encampment,  No.  27.,  I.  0.  0.  F..,  Mechanic  Falh. — November  20, 
1878,  Orion  Encampment  was  instituted  by  G.  C.  P.  E.  C.  Chamberlain, 
assisted  by  other  grand  officers,  a  charter  having  been  granted  on  the  petition 
of  G.  L.  Reed,  F.  A.  Millett,  E.  A.  Gammon,  Wm  Whitney,  Hiram  Perkins, 
J.  J.  Bucknam,  D.  B.  Perry,  I.  A.  Denison,  P.  T.  Murray,  and  W.  M.  Green- 
leaf.  The  first  officers  were:  G.  L.  Reed,  C.  P.;  F.  A.  Millett,  H.  P.;  P.  T. 
Murray,  S.  W.;  J.  J.  Bucknam,  J.  W.;  W.  M.  Greenleaf,  Scribe;  Hiram 
Perkins,  Treas.     The  encampment  has  grown  steadily  from  its  organization, 


272  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  is  now  in  a  prosperous  condition  with  sixty  members.  The  officers  for 
term  ending  June  30,  1891  are:  O.  H.  Guptill,  C.  P.;  A.  V.  Hathaway,  H.  P.; 
A.  E.  True,  S.  W. ;  A.  B.  Clapp,  J.  W.;  L.  W.  Mason,  Scribe;  J.  J.  Bucknam, 
Treas. ;  II.  C.  Mayberry,  G.;  Charles  Lawrence,  I.  S.;  W.  E.  Morton,  O.  S. 
The  past  chief  patriarchs  are:  George  L.  Reed,  F.  A.  Millett,  Dimon  B.  Perry, 
Hiram  Perkins,  P.  T.  Murray,  Wm  M.  Greenleaf,  P.  D.  Herrick,  Luther 
Perkins,  A.  J.  Weston,  A.  L.  Gaubert,  E.  A.  Thomas,  G.  W.  Robbins,  S.  T. 
Rowe,  F.  E.  Thurlow,  A.  V.  Hathaway,  H.  E.  Thurston.  The  Past  High 
Priests  are:  Frank  A.  Millett,  Hiram  Perkins,  P.  T.  Murray,  Wm  M.  Greenleaf, 
John  W.  Pray,  E.  A.  Thomas,  A.  E.  True,  W.  W.  Dennen. 

Livermore  Falls  Lodge.,  No.  83,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  East  Livermore,  was  organized 
June  9,  1881,  with  these  charter  members:  David  Cargill,  D.  F.  Blount,  A.  B. 
Swift,  H.  H.  Dyke,  O.  A.  Barker,  Granville  Richmond,  J.  F.  Lamb,  S.  E. 
Perkins,  J.  W.  Dunham.  The  first  officers  were:  David  Cargill,  N.  G.;  John 
W.  Dunham,  V.  G.;  D.  F.  Blount,  Sec;  G.  Richmond,  Treas.;  O.  A.  Barker, 
W.;  C.  B.  Knapp,  C;  J.  F.  Lamb,  R.  S.  S.;  C.  F.  Brown,  L.  S.  S.;  H.  W. 
Bailey,  I.  G. ;  W.  S.  Francis,  O.  G.;  A.  B.  Swift,  R.  S.  N.  G.;  H.  H.  Dyke, 
L.  S.  N.  G.;  S.  E.  Perkins,  R.  S.  V.  G. ;  R.  W.  Weed,  L.  S.  V.  G.  The  first 
year  27  joined  the  lodge,  15  during  the  second  year,  16  in  the  third,  nine  in 
the  fourth,  12  in  the  fifth,  20  in  the  sixth,  11  in  the  seventh,  12  in  the  eighth, 
and  in  its  ninth  year  37  became  members.  The  membership  March,  1891,  was 
148.  The  officers  then  were:  C.  H.  Dean,  N.  G.;  F.  H.  Foss,  V.  G.;  C.  H. 
Gibbs,  Sec;  G.  Richmond,  Treas.;  Alfred  Riggs,  W. ;  J.  Ridley,  Con.;  A.  S. 
Wyman,  R.  S.  S.;   C.  H.  Thurston,  L.  S.  S.;   F.  A.  Millett,  I.  G. ;    S.  Smith, 

0.  G.;  C.  P.  Brown,  R.  S.  N.  G. ;  R.  J.  Mitchell,  L.  S.  N.  G.;  Carroll  D. 
Cargill,  R.  S.  V.  G.;  F.  A.  Wendell,  L.  S.  V.  G.;  David  Cargill,  Chap.  Past 
Grands  — l>Ay-i&  Cargill,  J.  W.  Dunham,  R.  W.  Weld,  F.  A.  Millett,  H.  E. 
Haines,  James  Ridley,  C.  H.  Gibbs,  H.  C.  Burcely,  E.  C.  Dow,  C.  E.  Knight, 

1.  T.  Monroe,  Wilder  Pettingill.  The  lodge  has  had  a  most  prosperous 
existence,  and  has  erected  Odd  Fellows  Block  on  Depot  street.  This  block, 
an  ornament  to  the  village,  cost  17,000,  is  70  x  40  feet  in  size,  and  has  three 
stories;  the  first  one  contains  two  stores,  which,  with  the  two  suites  of  rooms 
in  the  second  story,  are  rented,  while  the  third  is  devoted  to  lodge  purposes. 
The  hall  was  dedicated  June  11,  1891. 

Worumho  Lodfie,  No.  107, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  Lisbon  Falls,^  was  instituted  in  Masonic 
Hall,  Parkin's  Block,  June  25,  1884,  by  J.  Henry  Crockett,  G.  M.,  assisted 
by  R.  B.  Capen,  G.  W.,  Joshua  Davis,  G.  Sec,  Stephen  K.  Dyer,  G.  Treas., 
Wm  E.  Plummer,  G.  M.,  and  Geo.  W.  Goss,  D.  D.  G.  M.  Its  charter  mem- 
bers were:  Simeon  Stone,  N.  G. ;  Wm  E.  Stevens,  V.  G.;  Benj.  F.  Thorn,  Sec; 
Thos  C.  Rogers,  Treas.;  Geo.  H.  Lanaaster,  Geo.  D.  Frost,  Geo.  R.  Foster,  A. 
D,  Sawyer,  Jeremiah  Philbrook,  A.  T.  Bibber,  Chas  E.  Applehy,  Jas  E.  Berry, 

1  By  William  Parkin,  Secretary. 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  273 

Frank  Maines,  E.  C  Tarr,  Luke  B.  Taylor,  Chas  IT.  Keopka,  and  Harris  Gins- 
burg.  Names  in  italics  are  those  of  Past  Grands.  Having  been  very  prosperous 
both  financially  and  in  other  ways,  April  3,  1889,  the  lodge  removed  from 
Masonic  Hall  into  the  large  hall  adjoining,  which  they  leased  for  seven  years, 
and  furnished  to  the  satisfaction  of  every  member.  At  this  date  (July  23, 
1890,)  the  lodge  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  with  the  following  named 
members  admitted  since  its  institution  :  L.  L.  Barrell,  Wm  Maines,  Geo.  E. 
I'hilbrook,  Frank  A.  Coombs,  Vincent  A.  Hogan,  G.  Eugene  Robbins,  TFm  //. 
Foster,  Elmer  E.  Gordon,  W.  T.  Brodmerckel,  Geo.  W.  Pratt,  Reuben  Harmon, 
A.  D.  Holmes,  Jas  H.  Eaton,  Edward  31.  Holland,  Jno.  S.  Randall,  Wm 
Gyngell,  Thos  B.  Brooks,  Joseph  H.  Rabner,  Jas  S.  Sakind,  Albert  Risska,  Jas 
H.  Eacott,  Walter  E.  Plummer,  W/n  A.  Brimijout,  Moses  Sheehy,  Geo.  H. 
White,  Ofis  S.  Whife,  Geo.  W.  Beal,  Jas  A.  Beal,  Frank  Wagner,  Chas  F. 
Hackett,  Wm  Schellsmidt,  Geo.  E.  ILtskins,  Fred  W.  Jordan,  Clarence  L.  Proc- 
tor, Geo.  W.  Keene,  Geo.  W.  Curtis,  Alden  A.  Appleby,  Joshua  Wakley,  Fred 
F.  Prosser,  G.  E.  Reynolds,  Jno.  M.  Dennison,  Frank  L.  Smith,  Willard  Jones, 
Benj.  F.  Leavitt,  Jno.  C.  French,  Robert  L.  Dwelley,  Herbert  E.  Lombard, 
Wm  Parkin,  Lorenzo  D.  Libby,  E.  R,  Campbell,  C.  E.  Huskins,  L.  Irving  Phil- 
brook,  Boothroyd  Fearnley,  Geo.  A.  Prosser,  Harry  H.  Severin,  Herbert  W. 
Pike,  and  Fred  E.  Crosman.  Meetings  are  held  on  Wednesday  evenings. 
The  officers  installed  January  14,  1891,  were:  B.  F.  Leavitt,  N.  G.;  Wm 
Parkin,  V.  G. ;  W.  E.  Stevens,  Sec;  F.  C.  Rogers,  Treas.;  C.  E.  Huskins,  W. 
L.  I.  Philbrook,C.;  W.  H.  Foster,  R.  S.  N.  G.;  B.  Fearnley,  L.  S.  N.  G.;  O.  S. 
White,  R.  S.  V.  G.;  Geo.  N.  Pratt,  L.  S.  V.  G.;  W.  Jones,  R.  S.  S.  C. ;  F. 
Hackett,  L.  S.  S.;  G.  E.  Reynolds,  Chap.;  L.  D.  Libby,  O.  G.;  H.  E.  Lombard, 
I.  G. ;  W.  E.  Stevens,  W.  A.Brimijoin,  C).  S.  White,  Trustees. 

Androseoijiiln  Lodge,  No.  24,  I-  0.  0.  F.,  Auburn,^  was  organized  under  a 
dispensation  of  the  Grand  Lodge  in  Febrnary,  1845,  with  these  charter 
members:  Alonzo  Garcelon,  Temple  Tibbetts,  George  W.  Foss,  Freeman 
Newell,  S.  P.  Gorham,  Wm  R.  Frye,  Edward  P.  Weston,  Nelson  B.  Reynolds, 
W.  R.  French,  C-harles  Clark,  Daniel  B.  Hawk,  James  F.  Davis,  John  Herrick, 
John  H.  Durgin,  Joel  Lane,  Samuel  Stetson,  Isaac  C.  Thompson,  James 
Dingley.  The  charter  is  dated  May  2,  1845.  Edward  P.  Weston  was  elected 
the  first  Noble  Grand.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College,  of  the  class  of 
1849,  and  principal  of  Lewiston  Falls  Academy.  He  was  afterwards  state 
superintendent  of  schools,  principal  of  Gorham  Seminary  and  Little  Blue 
School  of  Farmington.  He  died  in  Chicago,  where  he  was  president  of  a 
college.  He  was  one  of  the  best  educators  in  Maine.  Dr  A.  Garcelon,  Hon. 
Wm  R.  Frye,  Rev.  W.  R.  French,  and  others,  were  extensively  known,  and 
the  lodge  commenced  under  favorable  circumstances.  Many  applications  were 
soon  sent  in;    quite  a   number   from  adjoining    towns.      Several    came  from 

1  By  H.  G.  Garcelon. 


274  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Canton  and  Durham,  and  Lewiston  was  equally  represented  with  Auburn. 
The  lodge  soon  became  a  strong  one,  and  has  always  been  regarded  one  of  the 
best  in  the  state.  Past  (^rnw^s  —  Edward  P.  Weston,  Frank  W.  Brooks, 
George  W.  Bumpus,  George  W.  Curtis,  James  Dingley,  George  L.  Duston, 
Richard  Dresser,  Clarence  A.  Davis,  Ira  W.  Fitz,  Horatio  G.  Garcelon,  Lewis 
W.  Haskell,  John  T.  Hale,  Rev.  James  J.  Hall,  Frank  M.  Jordan,  Charles  A. 
Jordan,  Horace  G.  Kingsley,  Josiah  P.  Longley,  Edmund  Libby,  A.  P.  Lamb, 
Thomas  Littlefield,  Frank  L.  Lowell,  Nahum  Morrill,  R.  M.  Mason,  S.  P. 
Miller,  Franklin  Martin,  Clark  Mitchell,  Rev.  Jason  Marriner,  Henry  W. 
Oakes,  O.  C.  Phillips,  Merritt  L  Paine,  John  Read,  Levi  N.  Smith,  L.  M. 
Starbird,  L.  L.  Small,  E.  G.  Spofford,  Benjamin  L.  Tuttle,  Albert  E.  Verrill, 
Dr  L.  P.  Woodbury,  Daniel  Wood,  George  W.  Yeaton,  Clarence  Young, 
Roscoe  P.  Wood,  Frank  C.  Currier.  Permanent  Secretaries  —  Benjamin  Dunn, 
H.  G.  Garcelon,  J.  M.  Steadman,  Joseph  Littlefield,  F.  M.  Brooks,  George  W. 
Bumpus.  Mr  Dunn  served  12  years,  Garcelon  10  years.  Brooks  11  years. 
Bumpus  has  held  the  place  since  1885.  Treasurers  —  Wm  S.  Young,  J.  P. 
Longley,  F.  M.  Jordan,  Daniel  Wood,  James  Dingley,  L.  W.  Haskell,  Frank 
A.  Rendall.  Recording  Secretaries  —  James  G.  Read,  John  Read,  Dana  Goff, 
A.  T.  Bean,  C.  C.  Frost,  F.  W.  Gamage,  W.  H.  Foss,  H.  G.  Garcelon,  A.  M. 
Peables,  O.  C.  Phillips,  John  March,  H.  A.  Thompson,  N.  B.  Reynolds,  F.  M. 
Jordan,  C.  F.  Dunlap,  Philip  Briggs,  J.  F.  Davis,  Henry  M.  Sprague,  L.  L. 
Small,  A.  E.  Verrill,  Clarence  Chase,  George  L.  Duston.  Since  the  lodge  was 
organized  it  has  had  about  700  members,  and  now  has  (1890)  400.  It  has 
changed  its  place  of  meeting  several  times.  For  the  last  few  years  it  has  been 
located  in  Goff  Block,  the  lodge  leasing  the  entire  upper  story  when  it  was 
built,  and  it  was  finished  under  its  direction,  so  they  have  fine  and  convenient 
accommodations,  and  a  long  lease  of  them.  Tliis  hall  is  sublet  to  the  other 
lodges  of  the  order.  The  relief  Androscoggin  Lodge  has  afforded  in  times  of 
sickness  has  been  a  great  blessing  to  brethren  when  pecuniary  aid  was  needed, 
and  also  when  a  few  kind  words  and  a  warm  grasp  of  the  hand,  with  a  "  God 
bless  you,  my  brother,"  has  brought  joy  and  comfort  to  the  sick  and  affiicted. 
The  words  of  a  visiting  brother  Odd  Fellow  have  often  been  like  "aj)ples  of 
gold  in  pictures  of  silver." 

JIi(/her  Officers  froin  this  Lodge.  —  P.  G.  John  Read  has  held  the  office 
of  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  Grand  Representative  to  the 
Sovereign  Grand  Lodge.  P.  G.  Dr  L.  P.  Woodbury  holds  an  office  in 
the  Grand  Encampment.  P.  G.  H.  G.  Garcelon  has  been  Grand  Chaplain  of 
the  Grand  Lodge.  P.  G.  Read  is  secretary  of  Odd  Fellows'  Mutual  Relief 
Association. 

Most  of  the  old  members  have  gone  to  their  immortality.  Their  record 
has  been  made  up.  Tliey  ever  had  the  respect  of  the  community  at  large. 
The  influence  they  imparted  to  the  lodge  endures,  and  the  good  deeds  it  has 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  275 

done,  and  the  virtues  it  has  inculcated  have  been  in  line  with  the  principles  of 
the  order,  and  it  has  always  stood  well  with  the  lodges  of  the  state. 

Aboii  Ben  Adhem  Lodge,  No.  23,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  Auburn.^  — Although  this 
lodge  is  the  youngest  of  this  order  in  this  vicinity,  its  organization  and 
subsequent  work  make  it  worthy  a  place  beside  any  kindred  organization  in 
this  city,  and  it  has  had  a  marked  influence  in  bringing  the  order  to  the  high 
position  it  occupies  in  Auburn  and  Lewiston.  In  1872  Odd  Fellowship  was 
almost  unknown  to  the  writer,  he  knowing,  like  many  others,  that  such  an 
order  existed,  but  being  entirely  ignorant  of  its  aims  find  purposes.  At  that 
time  Lewiston  and  Auburn  had  but  one  lodge  each,  and  such  low  ebb  had  the 
order  touched  that  Androscoggin  Lodge,  of  Auburn,  held  its  meetings  in  Odd 
Fellows  Hall,  Lewiston.  With  such  a  state  of  affairs,  it  is  but  reasonable  to 
suppose  that  some  residents  of  Auburn  joined  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics 
Lodge  who  would  have  connected  themselves  with  Androscoggin  Lodge  had  it 
met  in  Auburn.  The  writer  was  one  of  that  number,  but  in  looking  back  he 
feels  quite  satisfied  that  he  was  ignorant  of  the  situation,  for  it  has  enabled 
him  to  assist  in  a  work  that  otherwise  would  have  fallen  to  another.  About 
this  time  the  members  of  the  order  seemed  to  awake  from  their  lethargy. 
Androscoggin  Lodge  began  to  agitate  a  return  to  its  original  home,  new  life 
seemed  to  be  given  it,  a  deeper  interest  soon  prevailed,  and,  as  a  result,  rooms 
were  leased  in  Phoenix  Block,  Auburn,  and  a  hall  fitted  up,  which  was 
considered  second  to  none  in  the  state.  Li  the  fall  of  1873  the  Lewiston 
brethren  felt  the  need  of  another  lodge  in  Lewiston  to  such  an  extent  that 
enough  members  of  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Lodge  and  Androscoggin 
Lodge  withdrew  from  their  respective  lodges  and  formed  Golden  Rule  Lodge. 
This  is  mentioned  to  show  the  rapid  strides  taken  by  the  order  inside  of  three 
years,  and  how,  indirectly,  the  above  events  aided  the  organization  of  this 
lodge  and  are  closely  allied  with  its  formation.  With  this  addition  of  a  lodge 
and  a  rapidly  increasing  membership,  it  seemed  possible  to  some  of  the 
brethren  of  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Lodge  who  resided  in  Auburn,  to 
add  greater  interest  to  the  order  and  a  contribution  to  its  membership  by 
forming  another  lodge  in  Auburn.  A  few  of  them  had  been  quietly  at  work 
for  some  time  to  accomplish  this  object,  which  was  at  first  met  by  opposition 
and  thought  to  be  downright  folly  by  those  who  opposed  it.  They  argued 
that  in  a  city  which  so  short  a  time  before  could  not  support  even  one  lodge, 
a  second  could  but  be  a  failure.  It  sometimes  happens,  however,  that  the 
greater  the  opposition,  the  more  complete  the  success.  It  was  so  in  this  case. 
To  C.  M.  Lander,  Enoch  Perkins,  Geo.  B.  Briggs,  and  Chas  S.  Yeaton  must  be 
given,  in  a  large  measure,  the  credit  for  the  existence  of  Abou  Ben  Adhem 
Lodge.  They  were  residents  of  Auburn  and  believed  in  Auburn  institutions. 
They  met  opposition  with  one  answer:  "We  are  bound  to  have  another  lodge." 

1  By  Charles  S.  Yeaton,  P.  G. 


276  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  sympathies  of  seven  brothers  of  Androscoggin  Lodge  were  enlisted,  who, 
in  conjunction  with  the  15  from  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Lodge,  were 
able  to  present  quite  a  strong  petition  to  the  grand  officers  for  the  formation 
of  another  lodge.  The  Grand  officers  acted  favorably  upon  it.  Rooms  had 
been  secured  by  hiring  of  Androscoggin  Lodge  their  beautiful  hall.  This 
lodge  also  kindly  loaned  its  regalia  and  paraphernalia  that  the  new  lodge 
might  be  ready  for  business  the  night  of  its  institution.  Everything  being  in 
readiness,  the  grand  officers  were  notified,  and  March  15,  1875,  Grand  Master 
Frederick  M.  Laughton,  assisted  by  Joshua  Davis,  Grand  Secretary,  Hiram 
Snow,  Deputy  Grand  Master,  Henry  P.  Cox,  Grand  Guardian,  Silas  W.  Cook, 
Grand  Marshal,  instituted  Abou  Ben  Adhem  Lodge,  with  these  charter  mem- 
bers: Isaac  A.  Johnson,  Geo.  B.  Briggs,  Henry  L.  Johnson,  John  D.  Johnson, 
Martin  W.  Penley,  Horace  E.  Penley,  Chas  S.  Yeaton,  Chas  M.  Lander,  Enoch 
Perkins,  Augustus  M.  Pulsifer,  Chas  E.  Cook,  Jas  F.  Cook,  Chas  A.  Merrill, 
Nathan  H.  Lander,  Henry  D.  Donovan,  Geo.  F.  Stetson,  Lyford  N.  Reynolds, 
Henry  A.  Noyes,  Eliphalet  C.  Noyes,  Almon  W.  Swett,  Geo.  H.  Glover,  Philip 
Briggs.  Bros.  Reynolds,  E.  C.  and  H.  A.  Noyes,  Briggs,  Swett,  Glover,  and 
H.  E.  Penley  were  from  Androscoggin  Lodge;  the  others  from  Manufacturers 
and  Mechanics  Lodge. 

After  the  institution  ceremonies  a  dispensation  was  granted  by  the  Grand 
Master  to  receive  arid  act  upon  applications  for  membership  the  same  evening. 
The  following  names  were  presented  and  accepted:  Chas  Donovan,  M.  B, 
Preble,  W.  E.  Irish,  J.  B.  Jordan.  P.  G.  M.  Geo.  A.  Callahan  being  present, 
he  was  called  to  the  chair  by  the  Grand  Master,  who  took  that  of  the  P.  G., 
and  the  candidates  were  duly  initiated.  The  election  of  officers  resulted  as 
follows:  C.  M.  Lander,  N.  G.;  Geo.  F.  Stetson,  V.  G.;  Philip  Briggs,  R.  S.; 
M.  W.  Penley,  P.  S. ;  H.  D.  Donovan,  Treas. ;  Isaac  A.  Johnson,  Enoch 
Perkins,  A.  W.  Swett,  Trustees.  Grand  Master  Laughton  then  installed  the 
officers.  These  minor  officers  were  then  appointed:  Geo.  B.  Briggs,  W.;  H.  A. 
Noyes,  Con.;  H.  L.  Johnson,  I.  G.;  L.  N.  Reynolds,  O.  G. ;  N.  H.  Lander, 
R.  S.  N.  G.;  H.  E.  Penley,  L.  S.  N.  G.;  C.  S.  Yeaton,  R.  S.  V.  G.;  Geo.  H. 
Glover,  L.  S.  V.  G.;  J.  F.  Cook,  R.  S.  S. ;  C.  E.  Cook,  L.  S.  S.  Seventeen 
applications  were  then  read,  making  21  received  the  evening  of  institution. 
The  first  regular  meeting  was  hehl  April  1,  1875,  when  two  applications  were 
received,  and  three  candidates  initiated.  At  the  second  meeting,  April  9,  two 
more  applications  were  received,  and  ten  initiated.  June  30  (a  little  more 
than  three  months  from  its  institution)  the  lodge  voted  "that  an  order  be 
drawn  on  the  treasurer,  for  't800,  to  be  phiced  at  interest." 

The  elective  ofiicers  for  the  second  term  were:  (ieorge  F.  Stetson,  N.  G.; 
]*hilip  Briggs,  V.  G.;  Charles  Donovon,  R.  S.;  H.  D.  Donovan,  Treas.  The 
first  death  occurred  this  term,  that  of  Bro.  Elias  M.  Stevens,  September  24, 
1875.     His  death  gave  the  lodge  an  opportunity  to  exemplify  one  of  the  great 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  277 

principles  of  Odd  Fellowship  — "  Bury  the  dead"  —  and  he  was  buried  with 
all  the  honors  of  the  order.  October  7  Bro.  Philip  Briggs  tendered  his  resig- 
nation as  V.  G.  Bro.  George  B.  Briggs  was  elected  and  received  the  full 
honors  of  the  term.  December  30  George  B.  Briggs  was  elected  N.  G.;  Enoch 
Perkins,  V.  G.;  Isaac  A.  Johnson,  P.  S.;  F.  W.  Hunton,  R.  S.;  H.  D.  Donovan, 
Treas.  The  term  following  Enoch  Perkins  was  chosen  N.  G.  Bro.  Perkins 
completed  his  term  and  "was  succeeded  by  C.  S.  Yeaton. 

Thus  far  none  but  charter  members  had  been  elected  to  the  important 
office  of  N.  G.  At  the  election  held  to  choose  a  successor  to  Bro.  Yeaton, 
Bro.  J.  B.  K.  Drake,  a  3^oung  member,  was  elected  N.  G.  Then  followed 
Bros.  F.  W.  Hunton,  J.  W.  Mitchell,  Charles  W.  Campbell,  S.  S.  Smith,  and 
George  F.  Sturtevant,  all  new  members.  It  was  now  a  charter  member's  turn, 
and  Bro.  Henry  A.  Noyes  was  elected,  and  up  to  date  (1890)  he  was  the  last 
of  the  charter  members  to  hold  that  office.  These  names  are  given,  as  upon  its 
officers  depend  almost  wholly  the  success  or  failure  of  a  lodge.  They  were  the 
ones  to  place  the  lodge  upon  a  solid  foundation,  shape  its  policy,  and,  in  many 
cases,  establish  precedents  for  future  lodge  rulings.  "  As  a  twig  is  bent  the 
tree  is  inclined."  So  with  a  lodge.  If  it  takes  pains  to  instill  into  its  members 
the  necessity  of  aiming  as  near  perfection  as  possible  in  conducting  lodge 
affairs,  every  member  who  takes  office  comes  better  equipped  than  he  would 
be  if  no  attention  were  paid  to  properly  conducting  the  business  of  a  lodge. 
That  the  above  officers  tried  hard  to  do  this  is  not  saying  too  much  ;  how  well 
they  did  their  work  the  standing  of  the  lodge  to-day  is  evidence.  Now,  what 
has  been  accomplished?  Has  it  been  of  benefit  to  the  community?  Has  it 
carried  out  the  teachings  of  the  order  —  "We  command  you  to  visit  the  sick," 
"relieve  the  distressed,"  "bury  the  dead,"  and  "educate  the  orphan?"  There 
have  been  initiated  2.34  members.  There  has  been  paid  out  for  sick  benefits 
alone  J|4,000;  for  watching  with  the  sick,  -1200;  for  special  relief  (and  by  this 
I  mean  aside  from  any  lodge  obligations  —  aperially  needy  cases),  <i)400;  for 
burying  the  dead,  |500:  a  total  of  over  $5,000.  In  addition  $300  has  been  paid 
for  the  relief  of  unfortunate  lodges,  etc.  The  lodge  has  been  very  liberal,  yet 
it  has  a  fund  (on  liand  and  invested)  of  $5,000.  It  has  an  active  member- 
ship, and  has  had  fully  organized  degree  staffs  in  order  to  more  effectually 
perform  lodge-work.  Abou  Ben  Adhem  and  Androscoggin  lodges  own  jointly 
very  fine  paraphernalia,  and  some  is  owned  separately. 

During  the  fifteen  years  of  its  existence  this  lodge  has  had  many  public 
installations,  and  has  observed  a  number  of  its  anniversaries,  by  addresses  by 
members  of  the  lodge,  music,  readings,  etc.  Fifteen  brethren  have  "joined 
the  majority."  One  was  our  most  valuable  member.  Connected  with  all  the 
degree  staffs,  and  holding  an  important  place  in  each,  the  death  of  Charles  W. 
Campbell,  P.  G.,  was  a  severe  blow.  These  are  the  names  and  dates  of  death 
of  the  deceased  brethren:  1875,  September  22,  Elias  M.  Stevens;    1877,  Feb- 


278  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

ruary,  Frank  Wilson;  1881,  April  8,  Elmer  W.  Metcalf,  April  25,  Joseph  Niles, 
November,  J.  F.  Tarr;  1883,  May  26,  L.  R.  Lovejoy;  1884,  January  12,  M.  B. 
Preble,  November  15,  Chas  E.  Smith ;  1885,  January  11,  Benj.  Conant ;  1887, 
January,  M.  W.  Penley,  March  11,  Chas  W.  Campbell,  P.  G.,  July  5,  Nathan 
Briggs ;  1888,  January  20,  K.  M.  Jordan,  August  22,  W.  A.  Cobb,  December, 
F.  A.  Williams. 

While  this  lodge  is  composed  largely  of  laboring  men,  it  has  some  of  our 
most  distinguished  citizens  as  members.  First  we  might  name  Hon.  A.  R. 
Savage,  mayor  and  representative  of  this  city,  who  has  been  Supreme  Dictator 
of  the  Supreme  Lodge  of  Knights  of  Honor.  Bro.  Savage  lias  a  large  law 
practice;  all  combined  makes  liim  a  very  busy  man,  and  few  men  in  this 
section  equal  him  in  ability.  Tascus  Atwood,  ex-county  attorney,  a  young 
lawyer  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  has  long  been  a  brother  of  upright 
character;  he  is  a  credit  to  liis  lodge  and  his  profession.  J.  W.  Mitchell,  Esq., 
is  a  Past  Grand,  and  until  a  rapidly  increasing  business  compelled  him  to 
devote  his  time  to  his  profession,  was  an  active  worker.  Judge  Geo.  C.  Wing, 
Chas  E.  Wing,  N.  W.  Harris,  A.  M.  Pulsifer,  N.  H.  Woodbury  are,  or  have 
been,  members.  Among  its  representative  business  men  are  Murray  B. 
Watson,  of  the  Ara  Cushman  Company,  a  thorough  gentleman  and  con- 
sequently a  good  Odd  Fellow,  quite  an  active,  working  member ;  S.  B.  Smith, 
at  present  District  Deputy  Grand  Master;  J.  W.  Peables,  one  of  our  old  and 
respected  citizens,  and  a  prominent  business  man;  J.  H.  Twombly,  and  many 
more  I  might  name  who  give  influence,  character,  and  aid  to  the  lodge.  While 
these  men  impart  dignity  to  any  order  they  are  connected  with,  yet,  as  a  rule, 
it  is  upon  the  men  who  labor  for  a  living  (wage  workers)  that  the  work  of  the 
lodge  falls.  Every  day,  in  the  shops,  in  the  factories,  in  the  various  trades, 
they  encounter  circumstances  calling  for  just  such  work  as  Odd  Fellowship  is 
organized  to  perform.  Of  limited  means,  their  sympathies  are  easily  aroused, 
for  they  see  how  liable  they  are  to  need  the  aid  and  sympathies  of  others.  The 
Vice  Grand  is  chairman  of  the  sick  committee,  and  in  a  lodge  of  large 
membership,  or  when  it  is  sickly,  he  must  be  active  and  see  that  none  are 
neglected.  Our  business  men  are  too  busy,  as  a  rule,  to  do  this.  They  keep 
their  dues  paid  and  call  themselves  Odd  Fellows ;  but  the  laboring  men  have 
plenty  of  time.  If  a  brother  is  sick  they  find  time  to  visit  him.  If  watchers 
are  needed,  they  can  sit  up  and  attend  to  their  work  the  next  day,  and  if,  after 
all  their  tenderness  and  devotion,  the  brother  die,  they  are  the  ones  who  escort 
his  body  to  the  tomb  and  give  him  an  Odd  Fellow's  burial.  Of  the  32  Noble 
Grands  of  this  lodge,  25  were  laboring  men,  three  were  in  business,  two  were 
book-keepers,  one  a  cashier,  and  one  a  lawyer.  Of  the  25,  21  were  shoe- 
makers, and  from  the  ranks  of  the  others  I  could  take  two  who  worked  years 
at  the  shoe-bench.  We  are  in  one  sense  a  shoe-makers'  lodge,  and  yet  it  is  not 
too  much  to  say  that  during  our  existence  our  record  will  compare  favorably 


I 


Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  Societies.  279 

with  any  similar  organization  in  the  state  for  the  intelligence  and  efficiency  of 
our  officers,  and  the  business-like  manner  in  which  the  work  has  been  done. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  those  who  have  been  honored  with  the 
highest  office.  The  first  two  held  the  office  of  N.  G.  in  M.  and  M.  Lodge,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  P.  G.  there:  Isaac  A.  Johnson,  John  D.  Johnson;  1875, 
Chas  M.  Lander,  Geo.  F.  Stetson;  1876,  Geo.  B.  Briggs,  Enoch  Perkins;  1877, 
Chas  S.  Yeaton,  J.  B.  K.  Drake;  1878,  Fred  W.  Hunton,  J.  W.  Mitchell;  1879, 
Chas  W.  Campbell,  S.  S.  Smith;  1880,  Geo.  F.  Sturtevant,  Henry  A.  Noyes ; 
1881,  Geo.  A.  Decoster,  T.  Lloyd  Pratt;  1882,  B.  F.  Metcalf,  J.  P>.  Hunton; 
1883,  J.  R.  Brett,  B.  F.  Green;  1884,  S.  B.  Smith,  A.  T.  Gammon;  1885, 
W.  R.  McGibbon,  H.  C.  Whitman;    1886,  W.  H.  Keith,  E.  G.  Sprague ;    1887, 

E.  A.  Lothrop,  E.  E.  Randall;  1888,  N.  S.  Rand,  George  W.  Chase;  1889, 
M.  C.  Hunton,  Frank  Rackliff;  1890,  H.  J.  Reckard,  George  W.  Merrill. 
These  are  the  men  who  were  instrumental  in  the  upbuilding  of  this  lodge, 
and  many  of  them  are  active  in  lodge  work.  This  list  embraces  none  who 
have  had  the  benefit  of  anything  but  a  common-school  education  ;  none  who 
can  lay  claim  to  any  great  distinction ;  none  who  are  possessed  of  great  wealth 
(reckoned  from  a  worldly  standpoint),  3^et  among  them  are  those  who  possess 
riches  (measured  by  a  higher  standard — the  possession  of  character),  and  an 
earnest  desire  to  aid  and  assist  their  fellow-men.  The  names  of  a  few  like 
Bros.  Pratt,  Sturtevant,  Metcalf,  Rackliff,  Green,  Brett,  Sprague,  Whitman, 
S.  B.  and  S.  S.  Smith  are  a  sufficient  guarantee  of  this. 

Pejeijscot  Encampment.,  No.  6\  Auhurn.,^  was  instituted  A[)ril  10,  1874,  by 
Grand  Patriarch  W.  E.  Pressey,  assisted  by  Chas  W.  French,  G.  H.  P.;  O.  G. 
Douglass,  G.  J.  W.;  A.  D.  Smith,  G.  S.  W. ;  N.  G.  Cummings,  G.  Scribe;  F.  T. 
Littlefield,  G.  Treas.;  Jos.  H.  Wentworth,  G.  Sent.;  Chas  H.  J{ich,  G.  Rep. 
The  following  named  patriarchs  were  the  charter  members:  Dana  Goff,  Chas 
M.  Lander,  John  F.  Davis,  Jacob  S.  Parker,  Jas  S.  Robbins,  IL  G.  Garcelon, 

F.  M.  Gamnuige,  Geo.  F.  Stetson,  Clarence  C,  Frost,  Isaac  A.  Johnson, 
Edmund  Libby,  A.  T.  Bean,  Enoch  Perkins,  Chas  S.  Emerson,  Jas  S.  Steadman, 

B.  F.  Wood,  Seth  P.  Miller,  Daniel  Wood,  Fred  Kelley,  Henry  L.  Johnson, 
J.  M.  Cook,  W.  H.  Jordan,  Geo.  H.  Harmon,  John  Read.  The  following 
officers  were  elected  and  appointed:  John  Read,  C.  P.;  C.  C.  Frost,  H.  P.; 
S.  P.  Miller,  S.  W.;  J.  S.  Parker,  J.  W.;  Fred  Kelley,  Scribe;  Isaac  A. 
Johnson,  F.  S. ;  A.  T.  Bean,  Treas.;  Henry  L.  Johnson,  O.  S.;  J.  F.  Davie, 
I.  S. ;   Jas  M.  Steadman,  G.;   C.  S.  Emerson,  1st  W. ;    Jas  S.  Robbins,  2d  W. ; 

C.  M.  Lander,  3d  W. ;  H.  G.  Garcehjn,  4th  W. ;  F.  M.  Gammage,  1st  G.  of  1\  ; 
W.  H.  Jordan,  2d  G.  of  T.  There  were  36  applications  made  at  the  first 
meeting.  August  1,  1874,  the  membership  was  61,  and  November  14,  1890, 
170.  The  encampment  is  in  good  working  order,  and  has  purchased  new 
paraphernalia  at  a  cost  of  ii<350.     Officers,  November  14,  1890:    C.  B.  Currier, 

iBy  B.  L.  Tuttle. 


280  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


C.  P.;  Royal  Pearl,  S.  W. ;  M.  C.  Hunton,  J.  W.;  Isaac  Gocldard,  H.  P.; 
S.  B.  Smith,  F.  S. ;  J.  T.  Hale,  Treas. ;  B.  L.  Tuttle,  Scribe;  J.  H.  Brabson, 

0.  S.;  B.  L.  Ware,  I.  S.;  S.  H.  Lovejoy,  1st  W. ;  S.  B.  Cushman,  2d  W. ;  E.  C. 
Andrews,  3d  W. ;  W.  S.  Walker,  4th  W. ;  F.  C.  Currier,  1st  G.  of  T. ;  G.  F. 
Keith,  2d  G.  of  T.  Meetings  tlie  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays  in  each  month  in 
Odd  Fellows  Hall. 

Blah'  L<>,l;ie,  No.  no,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  Tvrner^  —  ln  the  winter  of  1884-5,  a 
number  of  Odd  Fellows  being  located  in  Turner,  a  few  conceived  and  put  in 
rapid  execution  the    plan  of    procuring  a  charter  and  instituting  a    lodge  of 

1.  O.  O.  F.  in  Turner  village.  Of  the  leaders  there  may  be  mentioned  as  most 
active,  W.  B.  Beals,  H.  L.  Irish,  Henry  Morriss,  J.  W.  Littlefield,  and  Caleb 
Blake.  A  petition  to  the  Grand  Lodge  for  a  charter  was  drawn  up  by  Dr  H. 
L.  Irish,  and  the  requisite  number  of  signers  soon  obtained.  The  christening 
of  the  embryonic  lodge  caused  considerable  discussion,  but  it  was  finally 
decided  that  it  should  be  named  in  honor  of  Caleb  Blake,  to  whose  indefati- 
gable zeal  it  would  be  largely  indebted  for  its  existence,  and  the  name  "  Blake 
Lodge"  was  accordingly  chosen.  On  March  30,  1885,  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Maine  met  at  Turner  village.  Grand  Master  E.  W.  Conant  presiding.  The 
following  petitioners  appeared  and  were  duly  instituted  a  "  Lodge  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  to  be  known  and  hailed  as  Blake  Lodge,  No.  110,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine  ":  James  M.  Allen,  Caleb 
Blake,  Fred  W.  Bonney,  H.  W.  Burdin,  W.  B.  Beals,  S.  W.  Gary,  H.  A.  Chase, 
C.  H.  Humphrey,  A.  H.  Harlow,  D.  Y.  Harlow,  H.  L.  Irish,  John  Kimball, 
J.  W.  Littlefield,  L.  E.  Merrill,  Henry  Morriss,  J.  W.  Newell,  A.  H.  Pratt,  H. 
J.  Pratt,  J.  F.  Quimby,  G.  W.  Snell,  J.  M.  Virgin.  On  the  same  evening 
G.  M.  Conant  installed  the  officers  as  follows:  N.  G.,  H.  L.  Irish;  V.  G.,  I). 
Y.  Harlow;  Sec,  W.  B.  Beals;  P.  S.,  J.  F.  Quimby;  Treas.,  Caleb  Blake. 

Rapid  additions  were  made  to  the  membersliip,  so  that  at  the  end  of  the 
year  23  had  been  initiated  and  one  admitted  by  card.  Since  that  time  the 
lodge  has  steadily  increased  in  number  and  strength.  The  upper  room  in  the 
newly-built  Methodist  church  was  secured  for  a  term  of  years  for  lodge 
purposes;  and  in  this  favorable  location  the  lodge  met  until  July  1,  1891,  when 
it  moved  into  Roberts's  Hall,  which  they  have  leased  for  a  term  of  years.  The 
lodge  owns  an  excellent  building  lot  opposite  W.  H.  French's  store,  purchased 
from  the  C.  Blake  estate,  April  7, 1888.  A  new  hall  on  this  lot,  which  shall  be 
a  credit  to  the  village  and  to  the  brotherhood,  is  a  vision  which  is  hoped  and 
expected  to  become  a  reality  in  the  near  future.  The  plan  and  design  of  Odd 
Fellowship  make  the  order  popular  everywhere  among  young  men.  Blake 
Lodge,  young  in  years,  is  composed  largely  of  young  men ;  and  the  additions 
made  from  time  to  time  are  from  the  ranks  of  those  who,  while  in  the  prime  of 
their  manhood,  understand  the  advantages  that  come  of  belonging  to  an  order 

1  By  O.  A.  Sprague,  M.D. 


The  Press  of  Androscoggin.  281 

which  looks  so  carefully  after  the  physical  and  moral  welfare  of  its  members. 
In  January,  1891,  the  lodge  numbered  77  members.  Of  these  the  following 
are  Past  Grands:  H.  L.  Irish,  D.  Y.  Harlow,  L.  E.  Merrill,  A.  H.  Pratt,  F.  T. 
Faulkner,  H.  J.  Pratt,  J.  S.  P.  H.  Wilson,  Henry  Morriss,  A.  L.  Robinson,  C. 
A.  Bonney,  W.  P>.  Bradford;  S.  D.  Andrews,  P.  G.  of  Nonantum  Lodge, 
Massachusetts;  and  E.  H.  Cole  of  Nezinscot  Lodge.  Of  these,  H.  L.  Irish  has 
been  and  J.  S.  H.  P.  Wilson  now  is  District  Deputy  Grand  Master.  Officers, 
January,  1891:  W.  B.  Beals,  N.  G. ;  Frank  W.  North,  V.  G. ;  O.  A.  Sprague, 
R.  Sec;  L.  H.  Blossom,  P.  Sec;  F.  T.  Faulkner,  Treas.  Deaths.  —  Caleb 
Blake,  in  honor  of  whom  the  lodge  was  named,  was  the  first  to  be  called 
from  the  lodge  by  death.  He  died  July  20,  1885,  in  less  than  four  months 
after  the  charter  was  granted.  James  M.  Allen,  Past  Grand  of  Blake  Lodge, 
died  September  22,  1886.  Walter  Hutchinson  died  January  16,  1888 ;  and  W. 
L.  Blossom,  October  11,  1890. 


CHAPTER   XIII. 


The   Press  of  Androscoggin  —  County  Medical  Association  —  The   Grange  — Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union. 

THE  PRESS  OF  Androscoggin.  —  In  1844  Holland  &  Lane,  merchants  of 
Lewiston,  published  12  numbers  of  an  advertising  sheet.  The  Leioistoii 
Falls  Advertiser.,  edited  by  Francis  Lane,  and  in  1846  Joseph  I).  Davis, 
merchant  of  Goff's  Corner,  issued  a  small  advertising  sheet.  The  Cosmopolite, 
gratuitously  for  some  weeks.     These  did  not  attain  the  rank  of  newspapers. 

Lewiston.  —  The  Lewiston  Journal,  the  pioneer  newspaper  of  this  county, 
was  first  published  May  21,  1847,  as  a  weekly,  by  William  H.  Waldron  and 
Dr  Alonzo  Garcelon  as  W.  H.  Waldron  &  Co.  Dr  Francis  Lane  was  editor 
for  some  months,  and  Dr  Garcelon  and  Mr  Waldron  were  the  principal  con- 
tributors. The  office  was  in  the  second  story  of  an  old  wooden  building  on 
Main  street,  standing  where  Jones  Block  was  erected  later.  The  Journal  then 
was  a  folio  of  33x28  inches,  and  was  printed  on  a  Franklin  hand-press.  Col 
William  Garcelon  was  much  interested  in  the  office,  and  brought  the  press  from 
Portland  with  his  own  team.  He  also  "pulled"  the  impression  for  the  first 
copy  printed,  and  preserved  the  paper  until  his  death.  Dr  Garcelon's  business 
o})erations  and  professional  duties  occupied  so  much  of  his  time  that  Mr 
Waldron  had  entire  charge  of  the  business,  and  on  Dr  Lane's  retirement  he 
became  the  editor.     When  the  Journal  was  established,  Lewiston  and  Auburn 


282  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


had  only  4,000  inhabitants,  the  water-power  of  the  falls  was  almost  wholly 
unJeveloi)ed,  the  towns  later  formed  into  Androscoggin  county  held  political 
relations  with  four  different  counties,  and  the  newspaper  had  no  advantage  of 
location.  It  was  neutral  in  politics,  acquired  but  a  small  circulation,  and  was 
kept  alive  only  by  careful  management.  Dr  Garcelon  retired  in  1850.  The 
circulation  was  then  nearly  700.  The  Journal  paid  little  attention  to  politics, 
o-ave  brief  summaries  of  domestic  and  foreign  news,  with  such  local  news  as 
came  to  hand,  and  kept  the  columns  full  of  advertising,  which  did  not  yield 
much  revenue.  In  1851  tlie  oflice  was  removed  to  the  third  story  of  (larcelon's 
building.  The  next  three  years  were  nuirked  by  anxiety,  struggle,  and  faith. 
Then  fortune  smiled,  Androscoggin  county  was  formed,  Lewiston  Falls 
became  a  political  center,  and  the  county  looked  to  the  Journal  for  information. 
Business  advertising  and  job  work  increased  on  both  sides  of  the  river.  In 
1854  the  Journal  warmly  supported  the  new  Republican  party,  and  about 
this  time  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  then  a  senior  of  Dartmouth  College,  began  to 
contribute  political  articles.  In  1855  Mr  Waldron  erected  a  brick  block  on 
Main  street,  removed  the  office  to  it,  and  introduced  a  Guernsey  press.  In 
September,  185(s  Mr  Dingley  purchased  one-half  interest,  and  in  1857  became 
sole  proprietor.  Mr  Dingley  strove  to  make  the  Journal  of  such  value  that 
no  resident  of  the  county,  whether  favoring  or  opposing  its  politics,  could 
afford  to  do  without  it,  placed  it  among  the  leading  journals  of  the  state,  and 
it  soon  largely  increased  its  business  and  circulation.  April  20,  1861,  the  first 
number  of  t\\Q  Daily  Journal  was  issued,  a  sheet  29x19  inches  in  size.  For 
one  year  the  Daily  Journal  added  nothing  to  the  profits  of  the  office,  and  very 
slowly  secured  a  permanent  foothold  and  financial  strength.  It,  however,  in 
time  attained  a  large  subscription  and  advertising  patronage  and  the  reputation 
of  being  the  ablest  and  most  influential  daily  in  Maine.  In  1802  the  Journal 
was  moved  to  its  present  location.  Journal  Block  being  built  to  accommodate 
it.  In  1863,  Frank  L.  Dingley,  brother  of  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  a  graduate  of 
Bowdoin  College  in  1861,  who  had  been  on  the  editorial  staff  since  his 
graduation,  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  &  Co.,  which 
now  publishes  the  paper.  In  1866  the  weekly  became  a  quarto,  and  in  1868 
the  Journal  was  increased  in  size,  and  steam-power  presses,  folders,  etc.,  were 
introduced.  In  1887  the  daily  was  made  an  eight-column  paper  with  a  double 
number  Saturday,  and  in  1891  an  eight-page  paper  regularly  and  a  sixteen-page 
paper  on  Saturdays ;  and  the  Weekly  was  made  a  sixteen-page  paper.  In  1890, 
Mr  H.  E.  Andrews,  who  had  been  on  the  staff  for  several  years,  was  admitted 
to  the  firm.  Both  the  Daily  and  Weekly  Journal  have  the  largest  circulation 
in  Maine  of  any  newspaper.  The  objects  and  aims  of  the  publishers  have  been 
expressed  thus : — 

It  is  the  inteiitiou  to  so  conduct  the  Journal  as  a  progressive  Republican  and  family 
newspaper,  that  it  may  be  indispensable  to  all  citizens  of  Maine  who  desire  the  completest 


The  Press  of  Androscoggin.  283 

news,  and  a  profitable  visitant  at  every  fireside.  We  shall  use  extraordinary  exertions  to 
obtain  the  fullest  local  and  state  news,  and  the  latest  foreign  and  domestic  intelligence, 
and  labor  to  give  a  valuable  summary  of  the  transactions  of  this  and  other  nations.  Its 
agricultural  department  will  be  made  both  interesting  and  instructive.  In  many  respects 
the  Journal  will  bear  a  literary  character,  and,  as  it  is  here  that  we  shall  take  especial 
pride,  the  pearls  that  are  washing  about  in  the  great  ocean  of  literature  will  be  carefully 
gathered,  and  the  original  matter  that  comes  under  that  head  will  not  suffer  in  comparison 
with  the  selections.  We  shall  not  cease  to  make  war  on  intemperance  while  we  are  able  to 
strike  a  blow  for  the  public  good.  The  internal  interests  of  the  state  we  deem  of  vital 
importance  to  its  prosperity,  and,  under  all  circumstances,  we  shall  keep  them  prominently 
before  us  and  strive  for  their  promotion. 

The  Leicisfon  Repuhlican  was  established  in  1860  by  H.  C.  Johnson,  which 
was  succeeded  by  the  Lewiston  Herald^  a  neutral  paper,  with  daily  and  weekly 
editions,  published  by  Johnson  &  Hale.  Both  were  discontinued  within  a  year. 
Mr  Hale  has  been  in  charge  of  the  Journal  book-and-job  department  for  the 
past  30  years.  In  1868  two  attempts  were  made  to  establish  Democratic 
papers.  In  February  one  number  of  The  Conservative  was  issued,  and,  during 
the  campaign,  Hon.  E.  K.  Smart,  of  Camden,  issued  The  Jaeksonian. 

The  Lewii<ton  Daily  JVews,  George  A.  Callahan,  editor  and  proprietor,  was 
started  December  9,  1879,  as  a  one-cent  daily,  independent  in  politics.  It  was 
published  for  11  weeks. 

The  Sunday  Sun^  Bowles  &  McVay,  publishers,  began  a  short  existence 
November  6,  1881. 

The  Labor  Advocate  was  established  as  a  five-column  weekly,  July  17, 
1884,  D.  W.  Smith,  proprietor  and  editor.  A  stock  company.  The  Advocate 
Publishing  Company,  came  into  possession  September  1,  1888,  changed  the 
name  to  The  National  Advocate,  and  now  publish  it  from  82  Main  street.  It  is 
an  eight-column  paper.  I).  W.Smith  is  president  of  the  company;  W.  H. 
Weeks,  clerk  and  treasurer;  D.  W.  Smith,  W.  H.  Weeks,  H.  S.  Hobbs, 
directors.  The  Lewiston  Daily  Advocate,  a  paper  of  Democratic  tendencies, 
was  published  from  December  4,  1889,  to  May  13,  1890,  by  the  Daily  Advocate 
Co.,  C.  S.  Gnrney  and  D.  W.  Smith,  editors.  Both  the  daily  and  weekly 
Advocate  were  printed  by  W.  H.  Weeks. 

The  Farmer  a7id  Mechanic  was  published  in  Lewiston  for  eight  months,  in 
1852,  by  M.  V.  Stetson  and  J.  B.  Jones. 

Dr  Young,  an  eccentric  druggist,  began  the  publication  of  a  religio-philo- 
sophical  journal,  The  Pansojthist,  in  1852.  After  a  year  it  was  discontinued, 
but  the  Doctor  soon  issued  The  Touchstone,  which  lived  two  years. 

The  Maine  Evangelist,  a  Coiigregational  weekly,  was  removed  to  Lewiston 
in  1856,  and  was  published  from  the  Journal  office  until  its  discontinuance 
in  1862.  The  Christian  Mirror  was  also  published  at  the  Journal  office 
for  a  time. 

Once  a  Month,  a  literary    monthly,  was  started  June,  1866,  by  George  M. 


284  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Stanchfield  &  Co.  It  claimed  8,000  circulation  and  was  published  until  Mr 
Stanchfield's  removal  to  the  West  a  year  or  so  later. 

The  Bates  Student  is  a  monthly  magazine,  published  by  the  students 
of  Bates  College  during  the  10  months  of  the  school  year.  The  first  number 
was  issued  January  1,  1873.  The  first  editor,  F.  B.  Stanford,  has  since 
filled  with  ability  editorial  positions  on  the  Sunday-Sclwol  Times  and  the 
Independent. 

Once  a  Week,  a  literary  quarto,  published  and  edited  by  Miss  S.  W.  Sanford 
and  Mrs  E.  S.  Getchell,  began  a  brief  existence  April  12,  1873. 

The  Cross  and  Crown  was  a  religious  monthly,  published  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Young  Men's  Covenant  Band  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Lewiston. 
It  was  first  issued  in  the  fall  of  1877  and  was  published  several  years. 

The  G-rowing  Pines,  a  juvenile  monthly,  was  started  in  March,  1886,  by 
Augusta  Lee  Swift,  the  fifteen-year-old  daughter  of  E.  S.  Swift,  of  the  Journal 
book -and -job  department,  and  grand-daughter  of  J.  S.  Swift,  the  veteran 
journalist  of  Franklin  county.     It  was  published  six  months. 

Le  Messat/er,  a  French  newspaper  published  weekly,  was  established  in 
May,  1880,  by  L.  J.  Martel,  M.D.  It  was  purchased  by  E.  Provost  in  1881, 
and  later  by  a  company  composed  of  E.  Provost,  Dr  L.  J.  Martel,  J.  N. 
L'Heureux,  and  Dr  F.  P.  Vanier.  In  1886  it  became  the  property  of  Dr  L. 
J.  Martel  and  E.  H.  Tardivel.  In  1887  Dr  Vanier  became  sole  proprietor. 
The  first  editor  was  J.  D.  Montmarquet.  He  was  followed  by  a  committee  of 
editors,  they  by  E.  H.  Tardivel,  and  he  by  Dr  Vanier.  Le  Messager  was  first 
published  on  Chestnut  street  where  Provost  Block  stands;  later  its  office  was 
on  Main  street  at  the  head  of  Lincoln  street.  In  1889  it  was  removed  to 
Wiseman  Block  on  Chestnut  street.  Le  Messager  is  an  independent  Demo- 
cratic journal  with  a  circulation  of  2,500,  principally  in  Lewiston,  Brunswick, 
Biddeford,  Westbrook,  Waterville,  Augusta,  and  Aroostook  county.  Another 
French  newspaper,  U Repuhlique,  had  a  brief  life  a  few  years  since. 

Auburn. —  The  Democratic  Advocate  was  started  in  May,  1852,  by  George 
W.  Chase,  Esq.,  printed  for  six  months  in  the  Journal  office,  and  removed  to 
Auburn.  After  the  death  of  Mr  Chase,  July  18,  1853,  it  was  conducted  by 
George  H.  Merrill  until  October  14,  1853,  when  Dr  P.  Dyer  became  editor, 
the  firm  becoming  Dyer  &  Merrill  until  December. 27,  1854,  when  Dr  Dyer 
bought  Merrill's  interest.  November  15,  1855,  he  sold  to  Calvin  Record  &  Co. 
In  1857  C.  B.  Stetson  became  proprietor  until  1861,  when  it  and  the  Lewiston 
Reprihlican  were  united  in  the  Lewiston  Herald. 

The  Union  was  established  as  a  Democratic  newspaper,  January,  1855,  in 
Auburn  by  Abbott  &  Waterhouse.  John  Abbott,  editor.  It  was  discontinued 
in  March. 

The  Auburn  Clipper  was  first  published  June  2,  1873,  by  Kimball  &  Rowe, 
No.  2  Phcenix  Block.     It  passed   into  the  hands  of  George  C.  Boomer,  who 


The  Press  of  Androscoggin.  285 

afterward  published  the   comic  Moon  for  a  brief  period.     Later  the    Clipper 
became  the  property  of  Oliver  N.  Otis.     It  attained  quite  a  circulation. 

The  history  of  the  Auhurn  G-azette  dates  from  the  foundation  of  the 
Lewiston  Gazette.,  of  which  it  was- the  successor.  The  Gazette  was  started  by 
Col  William  H.  Waldron,  the  pioneer  journalist  of  this  county,  February  8, 
1872.  The  Gazette  was  the  last  newspaper  enterprise  in  which  this  veteran 
publisher  was  engaged.  His  first  venture  in  this  field  was  the  American  Eagle, 
a  penny  daily,  published  in  Boston  in  the  early  forties  by  an  association  of 
journeyman  printers,  as  the  organ  of  the  Native  American  party.  Out  of  this, 
in  1846,  grew  the  Boston  Herald,  of  which  Mr  Waldron  was  one  of  the  five 
original  publishei's.  In  1847  he  removed  to  Lewiston,  where  he  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Lewiston  Journal.  In  1853  he  began  the  publication  of  the 
BriDhwick  Tele(/ra/)Ji,  which  he  sold  in  1856  to  Mr  A.  G.  Tenney.  In  1857  he 
sold,  out  his  interest  in  the  LewiMon  Journal  to  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr.  In 
1859  he  became  senior  partner  in  the  firm  of  Waldron,  Little  &  Co.,  which 
bought  the  Portland  Advertiser,  and  secured  the  services  of  James  G.  Blaine 
as  editor.  In  1861  the  Advertiser  was  sold  to  F.  O.  J.  Smith.  Shortly  after- 
wards the  war  broke  out  and  Mr  Waldron  raised  Company  I  of  the  Six- 
teenth Maine,  and  went  to  the  front.  Colonel  Waldron  established  the 
Le'wi.^ton  WeeUy  Gazette,  February  8,  1872.  In  1876  Thomas  E.  Calvert, 
Colonel  Waldron's  son-in-law,  entered  into  partnership  with  him  and  became 
editor  of  the  Gazette,  which  position  he  has  since  filled.  In  1881  Colonel 
Waldron  died,  and  the  Gazette  was  published  by  Calvert  &  Waldron,  the  Mr 
Waldron  being  Colonel  Waldron's  son.  July  12,  1886,  the  daily  edition  of  the 
Gazette  was  established  as  the  Lewiston  and  Auburti  Daily  Gazette,  and  was 
printed  under  that  name  for  the  six  months  following,  when  it  was  sold  to 
the  Auburn  (lazette  Company.'  The  Gazette  was  moved  from  Lewiston  to 
Phoenix  Block,  Auburn,  where  its  first  issue  as  the  Auhurn  Daily  Gazette 
appeared  January  21,  1889,  and  the  Auhnrn  Weekly  Gazette  on  January  24. 
This  location,  however,  proving  too  small  for  its  increasing  business,  December 
15,  1890,  the  Gazette  establishment  was  moved  to  its  present  commodious 
quarters,  where  its  various  departments  are  suitably  equipped  and  located  for 
business,  from  press-room  in  the  basement,  with  its  new  two-revolution 
Cottrell  press,  and  counting-room  on  ground  floor,  to  the  composing  and 
editorial  rooms  above.  An  important  and  rapidly  growing  branch  of  the 
Auburn  Gazette  Company's  business  is  the  publication  of  the  Turf,  Farm  and 
Home,  a  paper  devoted  chiefly  to  the  horse  interests  of  Maine.  This  is  the 
only  weekly  paper  of  the  kind  in  the  state,  and  was  established  in  May,  1889. 
It  has  met  with  marked  success,  its  circulation  being  nearly  4,000  in  Maine 
and  the  Provinces.     It  has  correspondents  and  local  agents  in  every  county  of 

1  An  incorporation  having  as  corporators  T.  E.  Calvert,  W.  W.  Stetson,  E.  T.  Gile,  Ara  Cushman, 
N.  W.  Harris,  C.  W.  Waldron,  Charles  Horbury,  W.  H.  Newell,  and  T.  E.  Eustis. 


286  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Maine,  and  in  all  the  horse  centers  of  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Prince 
Edward's  Island.  All  the  leading  horsemen  of  Maine  are  on  its  subscription 
list.  The  officers  of  the  Auburn  Gazette  Company  are:  Thomas  E.Calvert, 
president  and  editor;  W.  W.  Stetson,  treasurer;  N.  W.  Harris,  secretary; 
S.  F.  Merrill,  N.  W.  Harris,  W.  H.  Newell,  W.  W.  Stetson,  Thomas  E. 
Calvert,  directors. 

Mechanic  Falls. —  ''The  Down  Easter  was  the  first  paper  printed  at 
Mechanic  Falls,  by  Wm  Cady,  in  1867,  followed  by  the  Androscoggin  Herald^ 
by  Mr  Moody,  then  by  Win  H.  Clark  &  Son;  then  The  Citizen^  by  Allen  & 
Moore,  afterward  by  Charles  S.  Allen,  then  by  Thurston  &  Garland,  who 
continued  till  1882.  In  1884  The  Ledger  was  started  by  Poole  Brothers;  it 
was  the  first  newspaper  started  in  Poland.  Since  establishment  the  paper  has 
changed  to  The  Mechanic  Falls  Ledger,  and  increased  in  size  three  times.  In 
connection  with  the  newspaper  is  run  one  of  the  largest  book  establishments 
in  the  state.  This  department  employs  from  20  to  30  hands.  The  Poole 
Brothers  also  run  an  electrotype  foundry,  the  only  job  foundry  in  Maine. 
Most  of  the  book  work  done  is  for  Boston,  New  York,  and  Chicago  publishers. 
In  1890  their  two-story  building,  30  x  60  feet,  was  erected  on  Pine  street,  the 
building  being  used  exclusively  in  the  manufacture  of  books,  job  printing,  and 
the  Mechanic  Falls  Ledger.'''' ' 

The  Beeheepers  Advance,  a  monthly  apiarian  journal,  is  published  by  J.  B. 
Mason  &  Sons. 

Lisbon.  —  There  have  been  three  papers  published  in  Lisbon.  The  Rising 
Sun  was  published  at  Lisbon  Falls  for  one  year  from  January,  1858,  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Free  Baptist  Association.  George  Plumraer  was  proprietor, 
Rev.  A.  W.  Hobbs,  editor. 

The   Telephone  had  a  brief  life  a  few  years  since. 

The  Lisbon  Observer  was  started  at  Lisbon  Falls  in  1886,  by  B.  F.  Thorn. 
June  28, 1890,  he  was  succeeded  as  publisher  and  owner  by  Nutting  &  Worthing. 
It  is  an  eight-page  weekly  paper,  printed  in  Boston  by  the  New  England  News- 
paper Union. 

LiVERMORE  Falls. —  The  Livermore  Falls  Gazeffe,  John  Morrill,  publisher, 
was  published  for  a  few  months,  about  1857. 

The  Loral  i*/r.s-.s-  was  established  October  18,  1889,  by  Jolm  M.  S.  Hunter, 
of  Farmington,  witli  K.  I.  Beck  as  editor.  Mr  Beck  assumed  the  proprietor- 
sliij)  April  10,  1891.  The  Prexs  is  a  weekly  four-page  paper,  22  x  28  inches 
in  size,  devoted  to  tlie  interests  of  Livermore  Falls  and  vicinity. 

Turner. — Solon  Chase  began  the  publication  at  Chase's  Mills  of  a 
weekly  greenback  newspaper,  Chase''s  Chronicle,  January  2,  1875.  His  connec- 
tion with  it  continued  until  1879,  when  it  had  a  circulation  of  6,000  copies. 
It  was  then  moved  to  Portland,  changed  to    Greenback  Labor   Chronicle,  and 

1  History  of  Polaud. 


County  Medical  Association  —  The  Grange.  287 

suspended  in  a  year.  Chase's  Eyiquirer  was  started  in  Turner,  March  18,  1880, 
by  a  stock  company,  under  the  management  of  Solon  Chase.  The  company 
.  took  the  paper  from  the  editor  and  moved  it  to  Lewiston  in  October,  1881. 
When  removed  it  had  a  circnhition  of  3,000  copies,  but  it  suspended  in  six 
months.  March  15,  1882,  Mr  Chase  started  another  paper  called  Them  Steers, 
in  Turner,  in  which  the  "anti-fusion  idea"  was  advocated.  But  this  was  not 
sufficiently  po})ular  to  enable  even  a  p<)})uhir  editor  to  win  success,  and  the 
paper  was  discontinued  May  21,  1883. 

Androscocgin  County  Medical  Association.  —  This  society  had  its 
origin  in  a  meeting  of  physicians  called  at  the  suggestion  of  Maine  Medical 
Association,  which  met  at  the  court  house  in  Auburn,  January  1,  18(38.  These 
physicians  were  present:  Alonzo  Ciarcelon,  H.  L.  K.  Wiggin,  Silvester  Cakes, 
R.  L.  Harlow,  J.  W.  Beede,  Dr  Vaughan,  Eli  Edgecomb,  J.  M.  Small,  J.  H. 
Blake,  Oren  A.  Horr,  H.  L.  Irish,  IJ.  II.  Kicker,  J.  A.  Donovan.  The  meeting 
was  called  to  order  by  Dr  Alonzo  (larcelon,  and  Dr  Kilbourne  was  chosen 
chairman;  Dr  Beede,  secretary ;  Drs  Sturgis  and  Oakes  of  Auburn,  and  Graves 
of  Webster,  committee  on  permanent  organization ;  Drs  Wiggin  and  Blake  of 
Auburn,  and  Wedgwood  of  Lewiston,  committee  on  constitution  and  by-laws. 
The  organization  was  perfected  January  8,  1868.  The  presidents  have  been: 
William  Kilbourne,  Alonzo  Garcelon,  N.  C.  Harris,  Eli  Edgecomb,  H.  L.  K. 
Wiggin,  Silvester  Oakes,  M.  C.  Wedgwood,  J.  M.  Small,  O.  A.  Horr,  J.  W. 
Beede,  R.  R.  Ricker,  R.  S.  Harlow,  E.  H.  Hill,  B.  F.  Sturgis,  Roscoe  Smith, 
J.  A.  Donovan,  Jason  Walker,  Wallace  K.  Oakes,  A.  M,  Peables,  C.  E.  Wil- 
liams, Elizabeth  S.  Horr,  A.  M.  Garcelon,  O.  A.  Horr,  C.  B.  Andrews.  C.  E. 
Williams  is  corresponding  secretary,  and  W.  B.  Small,  recording  secretary. 
The  members  in  j\pril,  181*1,  are:  S.  G.  Bonney,  F.  L.  Dixon,  J.  A.  Donovan, 
G.  P.  Emmons,  A.  Garcelon,  A.  M.  Garcelon,  E.  H.  Hill,  O.  A.  Horr,  Elizabeth 
S.  Horr,  L.  J.  Martel,  L.  E.  N.  Matte,  C.  E.  Norton,  R.  R.  Ricker,  E.  W.  Rus- 
sell, J.  M.  Small,  W.  B.  Small,  Aurelia  Springer,  M.  C.  Wedgwood,  N.  J. 
Wedgwood,  Lewiston  ;  G.  B.  Andrews,  J.  W.  Beede,  E.  S.  Coan,  W.  K.  Oakes, 
A.  M.  Peables,  D.  N.  Skinner,  R.  Smith,  B.  F.  Sturgis,  S.  E.  Weutworth, 
C.  E.Williams,  Auburn;  H.  L.  Irish,  J.  T.  Gushing,  Turner;  J.Walker,  Minot; 
F.  E.  Sleeper,  Sabatis;  I.  Rounds,  South  Paris;  C.  H.  Foster,  Lisbon;  G.  W. 
Curtis,  Lisbon  Falls;  E.  A.  McCollister,  Gray;  S.  A.  Vosmus,  North  Pownal. 

The  Grange  in  Androscoggin  County.  —  Androscoggin  county  holds 
the  honor  of  being  the  birthplace  of  the  Maine  State  Grange,  and  an  important 
factor  in  the  formation  of  the  organization  which  now  numbers  over  17,000 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  122  subordinate  granges.  The  Maine  State 
Grange  was  organized  in  Grand  Army  Hall,  Lewiston,  April  21,  1874,  under 
the  call  of  O.  D.  Hinkley,  General  Deputy  of  the  National  Grange.  At  this 
time  there  were  only  18  subordinate  granges  in  the  state,  six  of  which  were  in 


288  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Androscoggin  county,  namely :  Lewiston,  No.  2 ;  Pine  Tree,  No.  3,  of  Lisbon ; 
Auburn,  No.  4;  Excelsior,  No.  5,  of  Poland;  Eureka,  No.  7,  of  Durham;  and 
Androscoggin,  No.  8,  of  Greene.  These  granges  were  represented  in  the 
meeting  for  organizing  a  state  grange  by  Masters  Nelson  Ham,  Lewiston  ;  E. 
N.  Chamberhiin,  Lisbon;  N.  B.  Tracy,  Secretary  of  Auburn  Grange;  G.  H. 
Gobb,  Poland;  Hermon  Sawyer,  Durham;  J.  M.  Jackson,  Lewiston.  Nelson 
Ham,  of  Lewiston,  was  the  first  Master  of  the  State  Grange;  C.  H.  Cobb,  of 
Poland,  Treas.;  J.  M.  Jackson,  of  Lewiston,  Sec;  and  Hermon  Sawyer,  of 
Durham,  one  of  the  four  members  of  the  Executive  Committee.  Nelson  Ham 
has  been  an  officer  of  the  State  Grange  continually  from  the  time  of  organi- 
zation to  the  present,  either  as  Master  or  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee.  Hon.  Rufus  Prince,  of  Turner,  was  elected  Master  of  the  State 
Grange  in  1880,  and  held  that  position  until  his  death,  March  27,  1891. 

The  members  of  the  grange  in  Androscoggin  county  have  ever  been 
active,  enterpiising,  progressive  patrons.  The  membership  in  the  county  has 
steadily  increased,  until  it  now  numbers  nearly  1,400,  with  15  subordinate 
granges  and  one  county  or  Pomona  Grange.  It  was  in  this  county  that  the 
Patrons'  Androscoggin  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  was  oi-ganized,  at  first 
as  a  local  company;  but  its  success  was  such  that  its  territorial  limits  were 
eidarged  to  include  the  whole  state.  This  company  insures  only  the  property 
of  members  of  the  grange  and  now  carries  risks  to  the  amount  of  nearly 
i2,000,000.  The  initial  steps  for  organizing  the  Patrons'  Mutual  Aid  Society 
were  also  taken  by  Androscoggin  county  patrons.  The  society  was  organized 
under  the  laws  of  Maine  in  1889.  The  original  officers  were  James  L.  Martin, 
of  Auburn,  Pres.;  J.  O.  Keyes,  Wilton,  Vice-Pres.;  John  M.  Jackson,  Lew- 
iston, 4'reas. ;  John  L.  Ham,  Lewiston,  Sec;  S.  S.  Smith  of  Norway,  C.  H. 
Cobb  of  East  Poland,  A.  R.  Bradford  of  West  Minot,  E.  H.  Libby  of  Auburn, 
and  A.  D.  King  of  North  Monmouth,  Directors. 

The  subordinate  granges  meet  from  two  to  fonr  times  a  month,  and  the 
Pomona  Grange  once  a  month.  At  these  meetings  a  programme,  so  arranged 
with  a{){)r()priate  subjects  that  nearly  all  members  can  take  i)art,  is  carried  out. 
In  this  way  the  grange  becomes  a  practical  school  for  the  farmer.  In  the 
grange  he  has  learned  to  think,  act,  and  talk  for  himself.  Through  its  educat- 
ing and  refining  influences  the  farmer  finds  himself  occupying  a  higher  position 
in  the  community  and  society  than  formerly.  Those  who  sneeringly  referred 
to  the  "grangers"  as  "old  hayseeds,"  now  recognize  them  as  their  equals  in 
society  as  well  as  in  business  affairs.  The  grange  has  fairly  lived  down  all 
opposition,  and  is  now  recognized  everywhere  as  one  of  the  best  institutions 
in  the  land  for  elevating  and  educating  the  farmer  and  his  family.  It  gives 
him  social  advantages  which  he  finds  nowhere  else,  and  this  one  feature  alone 
is  worth  to  the  farmer  all  it  costs  to  become  a  member  of  the  order.  Although 
the   grange  is   a   non-political   organization,  and  partisan   politics  cannot   be 


The  Grange.  289 


discussed  in  its  meetings,  still  the  farmers'  political  influence  has  been  much 
enlarged  through  their  connection  with  the  grange,  and  both  the  great  political 
parties  are  striving  to  secure  its  vote.  The  grange  has  encouraged  co-operation 
in  trade  among  members  of  the  order,  thus  dispensing  with  the  work  of  the 
middleman  by  buying  direct  of  importers  and  manufacturers.  The  following 
is  a  quotation  from  the  Declaration  of  Purposes  of  the  order:  — 

United  by  the  strong  and  faithful  tie  of  agriculture,  we  mutually  resolve  to  labor  for  the 
good  of  our  order,  our  country,  and  mankind.  We  heartily  endorse  the  motto:  "In 
essentials,  unity;  in  non-essentials,  liberty;  in  all  things,  charity."  We  shall  endeavor  to 
advance  our  cause  by  laboring  to  accomplish  the  following  objects:  To  develop  a  better 
and  higher  manhood  and  womanhood  among  ourselves;  to  enhance  the  comforts  and 
attractions  of  our  homes,  and  strengthen  our  attachments  to  our  pursuits;  to  foster  mutual 
understanding  and  co-operation  ;  to  maintain  inviolate  our  laws,  and  to  emulate  each 
other  in  labor  to  hasten  the  good  time  coming;  to  reduce  our  expenses,  both  individual 
and  corporate;  to  buy  less  and  produce  more  in  order  to  make  our  farms  self-sustaining; 
to  diversify  our  crops,  and  crop  no  more  than  we  can  cultivate;  to  condense  the  weight  of 
our  exports,  selling  less  in  the  bushel  and  more  on  hoof  and  in  fleece,  less  in  lint  and  more 
in  warp  and  woof;  to  systematize  our  work,  and  calculate  intelligently  on  probabilities; 
to  discountenance  the  credit  system,  the  mortgage  system,  the  fashion  system,  and  every 
other  system  tending  to  prodigality  and  bankruptcy.  We  propose  meeting  together, 
talking  together,  working  together,  buying  together,  selling  together,  and,  in  general, 
acting  together  for  our  mutual  protection  and  advancement,  as  occasion  may  require.  We 
shall  avoid  litigation  as  much  as  possible  by  arbitration  in  the  grange.  We  shall  constantly 
strive  to  secure  entire  harmony,  good-will,  vital  brotherhood  among  ourselves,  and  to  make 
our  order  perpetual.  We  shall  earnestly  endeavor  to  suppress  personal,  local,  sectional, 
and  national  prejudices,  all  unhealthy  rivalry,  all  selfish  ambition.  Faithful  adherence  to 
these  principles  will  ensure  our  mental,  moral,  social,  and  material  advancement. 

Leiciston  Graur/e,  JVo.  3,  was  organized  January  24,  1874,  by  National 
Deputy  O.  D.  Hinkley,  with  20  charter  members,  and  Nelson  Ham,  Master; 
A.  J.  Clough,  Secretar}'.  It  meets  every  Thursday,  at  South  Lewiston,  in  a  hall 
owned  by  the  grange.  The  present  membership  is  78.  G.  G.  Wagg,  Master; 
H.  J.  Carville,  Sec.  Charter  members:  A.J.  Hinkley,  Martha  Hinkley,  O. 
Potter,  Increase  Gould,  Nelson  Ham,  Harriet  Ham,  A.  J.  Clough,  A.  B.  Holland, 
Minnie  Holland,  Calvin  Spofford,  L.  B.  Dingley,  Dexter  Blethen,  Charlotte 
Blethen,  W.  S.  Foss,  Odrietta  Foss,  B.  H.  Morrill,  Clarinda  Morrill,  H. 
M.  Garcelon,  Harriet  Garcelon. 

Plnr  Tree  Grranr/e,  No.  3,  Lisbon,  was  organized  February  24,  1874,  by 
O.  D.  Hinklejs  with  20  charter  members,  and  E.  N.  Chamberlain,  Master;  John 
Smith,  Sec.  It  meets  at  Lisbon,  Friday  evening  of  each  week.  The  present 
membership  is  68.  W.  S.  Merrill,  Master ;  Gerbert  G.  Spear,  Sec.  Charter 
members:  Joseph  Nichols,  L.  R.  Ross,  J.  L.  Atwood,  E.  N.  Chamberlain, 
John  Smith,  J.  D.  Hodgkins,  Moses  Abbott,  Jas  Ham,  Jacob  Whiting,  Geo. 
D.  Frost,  Frank  A.  Jordan,  Geo.  P.  Jack,  Mrs   M.  S.  Chamberlain,  Arabella 


290  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Hodgkins,  R.  E.  Ross,  Minerva  Ham,  Christiana  Whiting,  Addie  M.  Frost, 
M.  A.  Jordan,  Lucy  T.  Jack. 

Auburn  Grange,  No.  4,  was  organized  March  2,  1874,  by  O.  D.  Hinkley, 
with  24  charter  members:  J.  B.  Cross,  Annie  J.  Cross,  N.  B.  Tracy,  Hattie  L. 
Tracy,  L.  I.  Bumpus,  I.  A.  Johnson,  C.  E.  Johnson,  E.  O.  Wood,  A.  W.  Davis, 
Hannah  A.  Davis,  A.  G.  Mathews,  J.  K.  Drake,  Julia  A.  Drake,  J.  S.  Robbins, 
Florence  N.  Robbins,  Rebecca  H.  Robbins,  R.  H.  Pettingill,  A.  A.  Young,  Elias 
N.  Davis,  J.  D.  Rowe,  A.  W.  Larrabee,  Z.  T.  Newell,  Lizzie  L.  Yeaton,  D.  J. 
Rowe.  J.  S.  Robbins,  Master;  N.  B.  Tracy,  Sec.  It  meets  on  the  first  and 
third  Saturdays  of  each  month,  at  East  Auburn.  This  grange  owns,  clear  of 
all  incumbrances,  a  building  and  lot  worth,  with  the  furniture,  about  |2,000. 
The  building  contains  hall  and  anterooms  above,  all  nicely  finished  and 
furnished.  The  lower  part  is  fitted  up  as  a  store,  which  is  rented,  and  a 
dining-room  with  all  the  necessary  fixtures.  The  present  membersliip  is  140. 
H.  A.  Whitman,  Master ;  F.  F.  Vickery,  Sec. 

Excelsior  Gra7ige,  No.  5,  Poland,  was  organized  March  5,  1874,  by  O.  D. 
Hinkley,  with  30  charter  members:  C.  H.  Cobb,  N.  P.  Waterhouse,  L.  D.  Cobb, 
A.  G.  Thurlow,  Geo.  A.  Dockham,  Alanso)i  Briggs,  Hiram  Waterliouse,  B.  F. 
('Obb,  L.  D.  Edgecomb,  Henry  True,  Alexander  Robertson,  Samuel  Goss, 
Josiah  Small,  I).  W.  Pulsifer,  Nelson  Haskell,  C.  N.  Burns,  T.  H.  Durell,  J.  F. 
Edgecomb,  H.  W.  Sawtelle,  N.  H.  Cobb,  W.  G.  Cobb,  Rhoda  Strout,  Lydia 
Cobb,  Clara  A.  Edgecomb,  Fostina  B.  Harris,  Amanda  S.  Cobb,  Mrs  O. 
H.  Durell,  Mary  E.  Waterhouse,  M.  A.  Cobb,  Annie  F.  Waterhouse.  C.  H. 
Cobb,  M.;  V.  P.  Waterhouse,  Sec.  It  meets  Saturday  evenings,  owns  a  good, 
well-furnished  hall,  containing  a  library,  also  a  large  stable  for  horses.  The 
present  membership  is  139.     P.  P.  Pulsifer,  M. ;  F.  O.  Everett,  Sec. 

Eureka  Grange,  No.  7,  Durham,  organized  March  16,  1874,  by  O,  D. 
Hinkley,  with  23  charter  members:  David  Crockett,  Herman  Sawyer,  C.  E. 
Knight,  C.  W.  Harding,  C.  H.  Bliss,  Henry  Sylvester,  S.  B.  Libby,  Albert 
Day,  D.  Dyer,  Wm  B.  Newell,  Wm  W.  Knight,  Freeman  Newell,  Wm  T. 
Osgood,  Mrs  Belinda  Crockett,  Ora  L.  Knight,  Etta  L.  Bliss,  Nealia  W.  Libby, 
Amelia  Dyer,  Susan  G.  Knight,  Cora  J.  Sylvester,  Mary  E.  Newell,  Hattie  C. 
Sawyer,  Maria  A.  Harding.  Herman  Sawyer,  M.;  C.  E.  Knight,  Sec.  It 
meets  every  Saturday  evening,  and  practices,  to  some  extent,  co-operation  in 
buying  groceries,  grass  seed,  etc.  The  present  membership  is  131.  E.  L. 
Macomber,  M.;  S.  B.  Libby,  Sec. 

Androscoggin  Grange,  No.  8,  was  organized  in  Greene,  March  24,  1874,  by 
O.  D.  Hinkley,  with  23  charter  members,  and  J.  M.  Jackson,  M.;  W.  F'.  Mower, 
Sec.  It  meets  at  Barkerville,  Lewiston,  on  the  first  and  third  Thursdays  of 
each  month.  The  present  membership  is  33.  T.  B.  Norris,  M.;  Lizzie  A. 
Norris,  Sec.  The  charter  members  were:  John  M.  Jackson,  A.  E.  Jackson, 
O.  H.  Merrill,  J.  M.  Shaw,  Eli  Hodgkins,  A.  B.  Parker,  W.  S.  Wilkins,  Nelson 


The  Grange.  291 


Coburn,  W.  F.  Mower,  C.  R.  Daggett,  C.  A.  Bradbury,  J.  M.  Richardson, 
Ingerson  Parker,  Mrs  H.  L.  Jackson,  Mrs  R.  J.  Jackson,  Mrs  M.  J.  Merrill, 
Mrs  Emily  Shaw,  Mrs  E.  A.  Parker,  Mrs  M.  A.  Wilkins,  Mrs  Rosanna 
Coburn,  Mrs  C.  A.  Mower,  Mrs  A.  P.  Daggett,  Mrs  L.  W.  Bradbury. 

Turner  Grrange^  No.  23,  was  organized  May  23,  1874,  by  J.  S.  Robbins,  state 
deputy,  with  21  charter  members,  and  L.  P.  Bradford,  M.;  H.  C.  Haskell,  Sec. 
It  meets  at  Turner  Center,  on  the  first  and  third  Saturdays  of  each  month, 
holding  an  all-day  meeting,  and  having  dinner  served  in  the  dining-room 
connected  with  the  hall.  Nearly  100  members,  on  an  average,  attend  these 
meetings.  This  grange  owns  the  hall  in  which  the  meetings  are  held.  It  also 
has  a  reading-room  in  connection  with  the  hall,  which  is  neatly  carpeted  and 
furnished  with  chairs,  tables,  and  pictures.  In  this  room  is  a  large  and  valuable 
library,  to  which  additions  are  made  each  year.  Turner  Grange  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  conducted  granges  in  the  state.  The  farmers  of  Turner 
appreciate  the  advantages  which  the  grange  offers  to  them,  and  a  large  part  of 
them  are  members  of  the  grange.  The  present  membership  is  207.  R.  D. 
Leavitt,  M.;  C.  W.  Skillings,  Sec.  Charter  members:  Wallace  Cary,  S.  S. 
Merrill,  Augustus  Haskell,  Alden  Fuller,  E.  H.  Haskell,  W.  L.  Blossom,  W. 

B.  Bryant,  Henry  Turner,  G.  W.  Blossom,  B.  F.  Hodgdon,  1).  J.  Briggs, 
Hiram  Bryant,  Mrs  Sarah  Fuller,  S3'bil  P.  Turner,  Rose  S.  Blossom,  Annie  C. 
Briggs,  Eunice  C.  Bryant,  L.  P.  Bradford,  Flora  A.  Bradford,  L.  M.  Beals,  H. 

C.  Haskell,  Zoe  J.  Haskell. 

Lake  Grani/e,  No.  'JiJf,  ^¥eHt  Poland,  was  organized  May  17,  1874,  by  C.  H. 
Cobb,  state  deputy,  with  21  charter  members,  and  N.  M.  Faunce,  M.;  L.  C. 
Herrick,  Sec.  It  owns  a  hall  at  West  Poland,  and  meets  there  every  Saturday 
evening.  The  present  membership  is  110.  S.  O.  Keen,  M.;  L.  C.  Herrick, 
Sec.  Charter  members:  L.  C.  Herrick,  N.  M.  Faunce,  Reuben  Dunn,  Nathaniel 
Keene,  Lewis  J.  Lunt,  A.  H.  Dunn,  W.  W.  Wilkins,  Wni  W.  Lunt,  F.  B. 
Haskell,  ().  W.  Thurston,  J.  H.  Stanton,  N.  E.  Tenney,  N.  E.  Stowe,  Jerry 
Emery,  B.  B.  Campbell,  D.  H.  Millett,  J.  W.  Morse,  John  S.  Dunn,  Elias 
Doughty,  J.  B.  Stanton,  Mrs  Lydia  Herrick,  Mrs  L.  E.  Dunn,  Mrs  Jennie 
M.  Emery,  Mrs  Ann  M.  Stowe,  Mrs  E.  J.  Tenney,  Miss  Mary  E.  Brooks,  Mrs 
Sarah  M.  Dunn,  Mrs  Elvira  Dunn,  Mrs  Olive  M.  Snell,  Mrs  Caroline  Millett, 
Mrs  Clementine  Lunt,  Mrs  Abby  F.  Morse. 

Wales  Grange,  No.  JfO,  was  organized  October  10,  1874,  by  Nelson  Ham, 
with  30  charter  members,  and  T.  W.  Ham,  M.;  Frank  A.  Ham,  Sec.  It  meets 
Saturday  evening  on  or  before  the  full  moon.  The  present  membership  is  76. 
J.  L.  Stewart,  M. ;  Alden  Moulton,  Sec.  Charter  members:  David  S.  Sanborn, 
Thomas  T.  Jenkins,  T.  W.  Ham,  Charles  Collins,  Evander  A.  Ham,  Albert  F. 
Jenkins,  A.  M.  Donnell,  I.  S.  Jenkins,  S.  A.  Jenkins,  Stanwood  Given,  Alonzo 
Tajdor,  J.  M.  Given,  Furber  Libby,  Alonzo  Perkins,  Robert  Sawyer,  Alden 
Moulton,  H.  S.  Marr,  R.  C.  Jones,  Geo.  I.  Sanborn,  Frank  A.  Ham,  Annie  E. 


292  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Ham,  Rebecca  Smith,  Sarah  T.  Perkins,  Flora  A.  Taylor,  Betsey  K.  Jones, 
Fannie  R.  Given,  Olive  A.  Ham,  Ella  N.  Collins,  Annie  L.  Donnell,  Sarah 
Jenkins. 

WeM  Minot  Grange,  No.  Jf^,  was  organized  October  16,  1874,  by  C.  H. 
Cobb,  state  deputy,  with  30  charter  members,  and  J.  G.  Hilborn,  M.;  G.  W. 
Millett,  Sec.  It  meets  in  a  hall  of  its  own  at  West  Minot,  Saturday  evening 
on  or  before  full  moon.  The  present  membership  is  61.  A.  P.  Allen,  M.;  Mrs 
George  B.  Perkins,  Sec.  Charter  members :  Adam  Richardson,  Joseph 
Crooker,  Benjamin  Dudley,  F'.  M.  Woodman,  James  M.  Farris,  Joseph  R. 
Bearce,  Samuel  Stearns,  C.  S.  Barrows,  L.  T.  Millett,  J.  G.  Hilborn,  S.  R. 
Howard,  A.  F.  Decoster,  Calvin  Bucknam,  Abraham  Dean,  George  B.  Perkins, 
Jasen  Hilborn,  Almon  Bucknam,  Wm  A.  Crooker,  Joel  Crooker,  Elisha  P. 
Churchill,  Hiram  M.  Everett,  U.  G.  Millett,  Moses  Young,  Joseph  L.  Merrill, 
Ezekiel  Merrill,  Mrs  E.  O.  Woodman,  Mrs  E.  A.  Farris,  Mrs  S.  B.  Millett, 
Mrs  S.  R.  Howard,  Miss  Helen  Crooker,  Miss  I.  Bucknam,  Mrs  Martha  J. 
Crooker,  Mrs  Emily  M.  Crooker,  Mrs  Cordelia  B.  Everett,  Mrs  E.  A.  Bearce. 

Danville  Junction  Gram/e,  JVo.  65,  Auburn,  was  organized  December  5, 
1874,  by  C.  H.  Cobb,  state  deputy,  with  30  members,  and  Jeremiah  Stinchfield, 
M.;  Moses  Fitz,  Sec.  It  meets  at  Danville  Junction  Thursday  evenings.  The 
present  membership  is  37.  Luther  Allen,  M. ;  Wm  A.  Arris,  Sec.  Charter 
members:  Frederick  Goss,  Dyer  E.  Goss,  Orville  Swett,  Nelson  H.  Hood,  Geo. 
W.  Woodbury,  Geo.  W.  Arris,  Moses  Fitz,  Jr,  Addie  Swett,  Christina  Goss, 
Ada  Bane,  Hannah  S.  Fitz,  Sarah  C.  Goss,  Hattie  Robinson,  Almeda  Flagg, 
Louisa  Ware,  Jeremiah  Stinchfield,  Leonard  Hicks,  James  Hicks,  P.  M. 
Austin,  Chas  Thurston,  Daniel  Field,  Wm  Robinson,  Jude  Robinson,  Elbridge 
G.  Robinson,  Chas  Robinson,  J.  L.  Flagg,  Jas  F.  Ford,  Benjamin  Ware,  Sarah 
Thurston,  Hannah  S.  Field. 

Leeds  Grange,  No.  90,  was  organized  February  1,  1875,  by  S.  J.  Robbins, 
with  24  charter  members,  and  Davis  Francis,  M.;  A.  J.  Foss,  Sec.  It  meets  on 
the  second  and  fourth  Saturdays  in  each  month.  This  grange  within  a  few 
years  has  built  and  furnished  a  large  and  convenient  hall  in  which  it  now  holds 
its  meetings.  The  present  membership  is  104.  R.  S.  Loring,  M. ;  Miss  A.  E. 
Deane,  Sec.  Charter  members:  R.  S.  Loring,  A.  J.  Foss,  A.  J.  Lane,  B.  C. 
Thomas,  J.  F.  Jennings,  G.  B.  Lane,  Geo.  Parcher,  Mrs  R.  S.  Loring,  Mrs  A.  J. 
Foss,  Mrs  A.  J.  Lane,  Mrs  B.  C.  Thomas,  Mrs  J.  F.  Jennings,  Davis  Francis,  G. 
Lane,  A.  Beals,  Wm  B.  Sumner,  Mrs  Geo.  Parcher,  P.  Lane,  C.  S.  Knapp,  G.  A. 
Jennings,  Mrs  Wm  B.  Sumner,  Mrs  Davis  Francis,  Mrs  A.  Beals,  Mrs  G.  A. 
Jennings. 

Lake  View  Grange,  No.  2Jf9,  Auburn,  was  organized  March  31,  1883,  by 
F.  A.  Allen,  with  22  charter  members,  and  A.  A.  Young,  M. ;  P.  L.  Wyman,  Sec. 
It  meets  in  a  hall  owned  by  the  grange,  on  the  first  and  third  Saturday  evenings 
of  each  month.     The  present   membership  is  35.     H.  M.  Baker,  M.;    C.  V. 


The  Grange.  293 


Manley,  Sec.  Charter  members:  Eugene  H.  Libby,  James  R.  Anderson, 
Clarence  V.  Manley,  Wallace  I.  Go  well,  Calvin  S.  Fassett,  Elaenezer  J. 
Hodgkins,  Samuel  J.  Mills,  Guy  Mills,  Pliny  L.  Wyman,  I.  Sanford  Keith, 
Oland  B.  Upton,  David  S.  Curtis,  Albert  A.  Young,  Joseph  P.  Sawyer,  Hev. 
L.  B.  Green,  Mrs  Mary  E.  Anderson,  Mrs  Louisa  M.  Hodgkins,  Mrs  Eva  F. 
Libby,  May  Mills,  Mrs  Eliza  A.  Crafts,  Mrs  Margaret  Sawyer,  Mrs  Lavina 
Fassett,  Mrs  Emma  M.  Upton. 

Minot  Centre  Grram/e,  No.  266,  was  organized  April  29,  1884,  by  F.  A. 
Allen,  with  30  charter  members,  and  S.  W.  Shaw,  M.;  C.  H.  Downing,  Sec.  It 
meets  in  a  hall  owned  by  the  grange  on  the  second  and  fourth  Wednesday 
evenings  of  each  month.  The  present  membership  is  77.  C.  C.  Washburn, 
M.;  A.  B.  Downing,  Sec.  Charter  members:  Stillman  W.  Shaw,  Samuel 
Shaw,  Albert  Quimby,  Roger  B.  Durgin,  Nathan  P.  Downing,  John  Andrews, 
Samuel  Washburn,  F.  C.  Coller,  Zebulon  Davis,  Elisha  Hall,  Moses  C.  Hodge, 
Henry  Jackson,  Charles  Ray,  Noble  Saunders,  Edward  M.  Verrill,  Clarence  H. 
Downing,  Walter  G.  Durgin,  Edward  Washburn,  Lois  A.  Downing,  Olive 
Shaw,  Amanda  Durgin,  Josie  Coller,  Lizzie  Andrews,  Susan  Washburn,  Martha 
Quimby,  Almira  Davis,  Hattie  Jackson,  Mary  Shaw,  Lizzie  Washburn, 
Zillah  Hodge. 

Stevens's  Mills  Crvange,  No.  394,  Auburn,  was  organized  December  15, 1 887,  by 
F.  A.  Allen,  with  32  charter  members,  and  J.  M.  Woodman,  M.;  R.  A.  Stevens, 
Sec.  It  meets  Thursday  evenings,  owns  a  good  hall,  finished  and  furnished, 
with  dining-room  and  all  necessary  fixtures.  The  present  membership  is  64. 
Geo.  L.  Lyseth,  M. ;  Elmer  Clark,  Sec.  Charter  members:  Walter  Stevens, 
Ulysses  Greenlaw,  Charles  Lyseth,  G.  W.  Stone,  E.  M.  Stevens,  N.  M.  Fay, 
Roscoe  G.  Pulsifer,  Hattie  L.  Woodman,  Emma  R.  Stevens,  May  A.  Fay, 
Mattie  J.  Pulsifer,  R.  A.  Stevens,  G.  W.  Harradon,  Albert  W.  Lyseth,  G.  L. 
Lyseth,  D.  H.  Chase,  C.  S.  Hicks,  B.  E.  Chase,  Lizzie  M.  Stevens,  Emma  R. 
Harradon,  Fannie  Lyseth,  Susie  V.  Lyseth,  Deborah  Stevens,  Caneriss  Haskell, 
Lena  F.  Hicks,  Etta  F.  Dascomb,  James  M.  Woodman,  W.  G.  Stevens,  J.  C. 
Whitney,  S.  S.  Stevens,  Lena  G.  Whitney,  Fannie  Stevens,  Annie  Greenlaw, 
Susie  Stevens. 

Androscoygin  County  Pomona  Granye,  No.  1,  was  organized  in  Auburn, 
September  28,  1875,  by  Nelson  Ham,  then  Worthy  Master  of  Maine  State 
Grange.  The  name  "  Washington  Pomona,  No.  1,"  was  adopted,  but  was 
changed  by  vote  October  1,  1879,  to  "Androscoggin  Pomona,  No.  1." 
Charter  members:  Wm  W.  Lunt,  C.  H.  Cobb,  A.  D.  Garland,  Hiram 
Waterhouse,  D.  G.  Skinner,  Wm  Small,  Jr,  L.  C.  Herrick,  A.  J.  Hinkley, 
N.  B.  Tracy,  N.  M.  Faunce,  O.  H.  Merrill,  Eli  Hodgkins,  Nelson  Haskell, 
John  W.  Weymouth,  L.  P.  Bradford,  Mrs  F.  A.  Bradford,  G.  W.  Blossom, 
Mrs  Rosa  S.  Blossom,  John  M.  Jackson,  Mrs  Hattie  L.  Jackson,  D.  Blethen, 
Mrs  Wealthy  J.  Cobb,  James   F.  Ford,  George  W.  Haskell,  Henry  Turner, 


294  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Nelson  Ham.  John  M.  Jackson  was  elected  Master,  and  N.  B.  Tracy,  Sec- 
retary. The  meetings  are  occasions  of  great  interest.  Subjects  touching  the 
welfare  of  the  home,  the  family,  the  farm,  and  the  community,  are  discussed 
in  a  manner  which  brings  the  questions  of  economy  and  progress  home  to 
every  patron,  and  incites  him  to  improvement. 

Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  (1890).^ — Androscoggin  county 
has  not  been  backward  in  its  recognition  of  the  impress  of  the  women  of  the 
century  upon  its  history;  that  of  its  homespun  mothers,  whose  reverence, 
patriotism,  and  sacrifices  have,  in  the  inevitable  sequence  of  heredity,  shaped 
the  character  of  its  sons  and  daughters.  The  industrial  prosperity  and 
intellectual  culture  which  characterize  the  county  are  largely  due  to  woman, 
represented  as  she  is  in  its  various  industries,  its  literature,  art,  and  educational 
departments.  To  its  moral,  religious,  and  philanthropic  development  has  she 
consecrated  her  noblest  powers.  December  23,  1873,  marks  the  greatest 
moral  movement  in  the  history  of  woman,  when,  for  the  protection  of  the 
home,  the  mother  sentiment  of  the  land  banded  itself,  and  under  the  inspired 
leadership  of  Mrs  Eliza  Thompson,  one  of  Ohio's  most  cultured  mothers,  went 
forth  from  the  old  Presbyterian  church,  amidst  the  hills  of  Hillsboro,  to  battle 
the  liquor  traffic.  In  this  wondei-ful  uprising,  or  "whirlwind  of  the  Lord,"  came 
that  "arrest  of  thought"  that  imbued  a  peerless  soul  with  the  sacredness  of 
the  cause,  and  enlisted  in  its  ranks  one  destined  to  be  a  leader  among  the 
women  of  the  nations,  Frances  E.-Willard,  the  honored  president  of  the  grand 
organization  called  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  an  evolution 
of  the  Woman's  Temperance  Crusade.  Chautauqua,  "the  birthplace  of 
grand  ideas,"  was  the  home  of  its  nativity,  and  Cleveland,  Ohio,  the  proud  city 
of  its  completed  organization,  where  in  council,  November  18,  1874,  included 
in  the  resolutions  adopted,  were  the  following:  — 

Whereas,  Much  of  the  evil  by  which  this  country  is  cursed  comes  from  the  fact  tliat  the  men  in 
power,  whose  duty  it  is  to  make  and  administer  tlie  laws,  are  either  themselves  intemperate  men  or 
controlled  largely  by  the  liquor  power;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  women  of  the  United  States  in  this  convention  represented,  do  hereby  express 
their  unrpialilied  disapprobation  of  the  custom  so  prevalent  in  political  parties  of  placing  intemperate 
men  in  office. 

Resolved,  That  we  will  appeal  to  the  House  of  Representatives  by  petition  for  their  concurrence 
with  the  Senate  bill  providing  a  commission  of  inquiry  into  the  effects  and  results  of  the  liquor  traffic 
in  this  country. 

Resolved,  That  all  good,  temperance  women,  without  regard  to  sect  or  nationality,  are  cordially 
invited  to  unite  with  us  in  one  great  battle  against  the  wrong  and  for  the  right. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  conflict  of  moral  ideas  we  look  to  the  pulpit  and  the  press  as  our  strongest 
earthly  allies,  and  that  we  will  by  our  influence  as  Christian  women  and  by  our  prayers,  strive  to 
increase  the  interest  in  our  cau.se  already  manifested  by  their  powerful  instrumentalities  — gratefully 
recognized  by  us. 

Resolved,  That,  recognizing  the  fact  that  our  cause  is  and  will  be  combated  by  mighty,  determined, 
and  relentless  forces,  we  will,  trusting  in  Him  who  is  the  Prince  of  Peace,  meet  argument  with 
argument,  misjudgment  with  patience,  denunciation  with  kindness,  and  all  our  difficulties  and  dangers 
with  prayer. 

iBy  Mrs  Abbie  Capen  Peaslee. 


Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union.  295 

The  preamble  of  the  constitution  adopted  reads : 

We,  the  women  of  this  nation,  conscious  of  the  increasing  evils,  and  appalled  at  the 
tendencies  and  dangers  of  intemperance,  believe  it  our  duty,  under  the  providence  of  God, 
to  unite  our  efforts  for  its  extinction. 

Thus  with  a  determined  purpose  and  an  invincible  courage  was  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  equipped  for  its  divinely  appointed  mission  with  its  broad  scope  for 
intellectual  culture  and  Christian  activity  in  its  forty  distinct  departments  of 
work  for  the  moral  and  spiritual  uplift  of  humanity,  and,  only  "in  the  light  of 
God  can  be  apprehended  the  tremendous  power  for  good  this  'White  Ribbon 
Army'  is  to  be  to  the  world."  The  echo  of  the  bells  of  Hillsboro  with  the 
thrill  of  electric  enthusiasm  reached  Maine,  August  18,  1875,  and  within  sound 
of  tlie  murmuring  waves  and  whispering  pines  of  Old  Orchard  was  founded 
the  Maine  State  Auxiliary  of  the  National  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union,  with  the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr  Charles  Allen  as  its  first  president,  followed 
by  Mrs  M.  G.  Sargent,  of  Sedgwick,  who  served  two  years;  Mrs  L,  M.  N. 
Stevens  of  Portland,  a  woman  noted  for  her  sweetness,  broad  philanthropy, 
and  executive  ability,  was  treasurer  for  two  years.  At  the  third  annual 
meeting  she  was  elected  i)resident,  and  has  for  twelve  years  led  the  van  of 
temperance  women  in  our  state,  winning  the  love  and  esteem  of  all  interested 
in  temperance  and  moral  reform  by  her  generous  gift  of  self,  time,  and 
means  to  the  cause.  Much  is  due  this  grand  worker  in  the  procuring  of  the 
concession  of  the  legislature  in  raising  the  age  of  protection  for  our  girls,  the 
passage  of  the  law  requiring  temperance  instruction  in  the  public  schools,  and 
the  law  against  the  sale  of  cigarettes  and  tobacco  to  boys.  It  is  gratifying  to 
know  that  in  securing  these  desirable  measures,  she  received  the  active 
co-operation   of  the  Androscoggin   Union. 

December  1, 1879,  at  the  invitation  of  the  state  president,  a  band  of  women 
organized  to  do  temperance  work  in  Lewiston  became  the  first  auxiliary  of 
the  county  of  Androscoggin  to  both  the  state  and  national  W.  C.  T.  Unions, 
with  Miss  Emma  L.  Porter  as  president.  Through  the  untiring  labor  of  this 
union,  under  the  leadership  of  its  present  president,  Mrs  E.  M.  Blanchard,  the 
crowning  achievement  of  its  many  noble  deeds  culminated  December  4,  1889, 
in  the  opening  of  a  nursery  and  home  for  sick  and  needy  children,  in  a  small 
tenement  on  the  corner  of  Lowell  and  Bates  streets.  After  a  few  months  the 
need  of  larger  and  permanent  quarters  became  so  apparent  that  the  ladies 
went  to  work  to  secure  funds  to  purchase  a  building  for  this  purpose,  the 
movement  resulting  in  the  purchase  of  the  large  house  and  lot,  No.  81  Bartlett 
street,  for  which  part  payment  was  made.  From  the  first  the  interest  in  the 
work  has  been  constantly  increasing,  and  many  a  helpless  little  one  has  here 
found  a  refuge  under  healthful  and  comfortable  surroundings.  During  the 
year  from  twenty -five  to  thirty  different  children  have  been  cared  for,  the 
largest  number  at  any  one  time  being  nine.     Three  children  have  found  homes 


296  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


by  adoption.  The  last  case  was  a  remarkable  one.  An  English  gentleman  of 
distinction  and  rank,  from  a  distant  province,  in  great  grief  at  the  loss  of  an 
infant  son,  came  to  this  country  in  search  of  a  child  for  adoption.  As  the 
mother  was  a  member  of  the  VV.  C.  T.  U.,  she  naturally  appealed  to  Mrs 
Stevens,  and  through  her  learned  of  the  Lewiston  Nursery.  A  baby  boy 
was  here  found  almost  the  exact  age  of  one  they  had  lost  —  a  poor,  forsaken 
little  one  brought  to  the  nursery  when  less  than  two  months  old,  so  feeble 
and  wretched  that  it  seemed  he  could  live  but  a  few  days.  The  necessary 
papers  being  obtained,  he  was  taken  by  the  parents  to  their  distant  home  of 
culture  and  refinement,  perhaps  never  to  know  the  story  of  his  humble  birth, 
or  what  he  owed  to  this  institution.  In  carrying  on  this  work  the  ladies  look  to 
the  fathers  and  mothers  of  the  county  for  aid.  To  those  disposing  of  property 
by  will  or  otherwise,  it  may  be  a  "  word  in  season  "  to  suggest  this  cliarity. 

June  2,  1886,  the  second  union  of  the  county  was  formed  by  the  state  and 
county  presidents,  assisted  by  Miss  Henrietta  Morse,  one  of  the  national 
organizers,  with  Dr  Mary  Bates  Stevens  as  president,  a  woman  eminently 
fitted  by  her  noble  qualities  of  heart  and  intellect  for  the  position  which  she 
honorably  filled  until  ill  health  forced  her  to  decline  a  re-election  in  September, 
1889,  when  Mrs  Abbie  Capen  Peaslee  was  elected,  serving  in  1889  and  1890. 
In  the  walks  of  her  profession  the  need  of  the  White  Cross  and  White  Shield 
departments  had  forcibly  been  presented  to  Dr  Stevens,  and  in  the  earliest 
history  of  this  union  social  purity  engaged  its  attention,  resulting  in  the  appoint- 
ment of  Mrs  Jeffrey  Parsons  as  superintendent  for  this  department.  The 
gratuitous  services  of  two  years  of  this  valuable  officer  in  lier  care  for  the  desti- 
tute, the  homeless,  and  the  erring,  impressed  the  union  with  the  importance  of 
this  work,  and  in  consideration  of  the  time  required  of  its  faithful  servant,  and 
encouraged  by  tlie  ap})reciation  shown  by  the  citizens,  the  union  appointed 
her  to  the  permanent  position  of  Special  Purity  Worker  at  a  salary  of  -flOO, 
toward  which  friends  have  kindly  contributed.  Through  her  influence  several 
young  girls  have  been  sent  to  the  Industrial  School  at  Hallowell  and  the 
Temporary  Home  in  Portland ;  many  children  have  been  induced  to  attend 
school  that  were  truants  in  the  street;  little  ones  have  been  adopted  into 
families;  the  aged  made  comfortable,  and  the  sorrowing  comforted  by  her 
thoughtful  care.  The  success  of  the  year  led  to  her  re-election,  and  in  addition 
to  her  former  services,  she  engaged,  through  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  to  extend  the 
hospitality  of  her  home,  under  the  name  of  the  Young  Woman's  Christian 
Home  of  Auburn,  to  young  women  of  good  ifioral  character,  with  the  purpose 
of  assisting  them  in  obtaining  employment,  and  also  the  privileges  of  a  Christian 
home.  It  is  hoped  tliis  will  prove  but  a  nuclus  of  a  permanent  home  for 
young  women  in  this  fast-growing  city. 

This  union  has  always  been  remarkable  for  the  earnestness  and  activity 
of  its  members,  they  ever  keeping  in  view  its  object,  "to  educate  public  senti- 


Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union.  297 

ment  to  total  abstinence,  train  the  young,  save  the  inebriate,  and  secure  the 
complete  banishment  of  the  liquor  traffic."  Public  meetings  have  been  held, 
in  which  members  of  the  union  and  the  local  clergy  have  participated,  and 
addresses  have  been  given  by  eminent  speakers  from  abroad.  Club-rooms  have 
received  their  sentence  of  banishment,  while  under  the  direction  of  efficient 
sujjerintendents  the  work  of  nearly  all  the  departments  of  the  organization 
has  been  prosecuted.  At  the  suggestion  of  one  of  the  members  of  this 
union,  })rize  diplomas  for  essays  on  the  evil  effects  of  alcohol  were  offered  to 
the  pupils  of  the  grammar  and  intermediate  schools.  Through  the  kindly 
encouragement  of  the  superintendent  and  teachers,  650  essays  were  written, 
and  51  diplomas  conferred.  This  commendable  undertaking  was  imitated  by 
other  unions  of  the  county,  with  satisfactory  results. 

Meetings  of  unusual  interest  and  helpfulness  have  been  held  in  the  county 
jail  from  month  to  month.  The  county  superintendent  of  the  Flower  Mission, 
Miss  Flora  Newman,  of  Lewiston,  has  celebrated  the  yearly  anniversary  of 
Flower  Mission  Prison  Day  (June  9)  by  holding  services  in  the  jail,  where, 
laden  with  these  choice  tokens  of  God's  loving  thought,  cells  and  hearts  have 
been  brightened  with  a  bouquet  of  "something  white,  something  bright,  and 
something  sweet"  tied  with  a  white  ribbon,  with  a  card  attached  on  which  has 
been  written  an  appropriate  scriptural  text.  The  following  tribute  addressed 
to  the  writer  was  handed  to  her  on  one  of  these  occasions,  written  evidently 
by  a  man  of  education  and  refinement,  and  in  a  clear,  legible  hand:  — 

Madam:  —  Allow  me  to  thus  thank  you  and  all  others  who  took  part  in  the  happy  occasion  of 
to-day  for  your  beautiful  surprise.  I  assure  you  I,  for  one,  appreciate  your  efforts,  and  sincerely 
hope  that  you  will  meet  with  the  success  you  justly  merit. 

Who  knows  but  the  life  of  a  flower  is  immortal, 
And  its  soul  pours  forth  in  its  breath  of  perfume. 
And  rising,  it  enters  through  heaven's  bright  portal 
To  blossom  anew  into  beauty  and  bloom? 

Who  knows  but  the  flower  so  fragile  and  fleeting 
As  tints  of  the  rainbow,  or  drops  of  the  dew  — 
The  blossoms  you  bring  us  in  beauty  and  sweetness, 
Are  emblems  of  thoughts  that  are  tender  and  true? 

Mrs  A.  J.  Benner  is  the  present  efficient  president  of  the  Auburn  W.  C. 
T.  U.  The  Young  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  (the  Y's,  so-called) 
through  this  department  has  done  a  work  beautiful  in  its  purpose  and  in  its 
mission  to  the  sick  and  the  sorrowing. 

The  Turner  Union  was  organized  June  19,  1888,  with  Mrs  Mary  Irish 
as  president.  Upon  the  decease  of  Mrs  Irish,  Mrs  Ella  T.  Mabry  was  appointed 
president.  Through  the  department  of  scientific  temperance  instruction,  text- 
books have  been  introduced  into  the  schools.  Their  latest  work  has  been  to 
help  establish  a  public  library  at  Chase's  Mills,  which  they  hope  "will  be  a 
blessing  to  the  people  for  years  to  come." 


298  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  Mechanic  Falls  Union  was  organized  August  2,  1888,  Mrs  S.  I.  Jewett, 
president.  The  departments  of  work  engaged  in  have  been  those  of  scientific 
temperance  instruction  in  schools,  Sabbath-school  work,  juvenile  work,  temper- 
ance literature,  evangelistic  work,  parlor  meetings,  flower  missions,  fairs,  impure 
literature,  social  purity,  and  Sabbath  observance.  The  testimony  of  this  effective 
union  is  this:  "While  we  have  not  accomplished  much,  we  are  striving  to  do 
what  we  can  for  'God  and  Home  and  Native  Land,' leaving  the  result  with 
him  who  hath  said  all  things  work  together  for  good  to  them  that  love  Him." 

In  the  midst  of  a  severe  storm,  warm  hearts  greeted  a  delegation  of  W.  C. 
T.  U.  workers  at  Greene,  January  17,  1889,  where  was  organized  a  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  with  Mrs  George  W,  Parker,  president.  The 
following  departments  of  work  have  been  engaged  in:  Sunday-school  work, 
flower  mission,  and  Sabbath  observance,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  consult 
with  teachers  in  regard  to  prize  essays  on  temperance.  The  work  of  1889 
consisted  chiefly  in  holding  gospel  temperance  meetings,  and  the  distribution 
of  temperance  literature.  In  1890  the  union  was  specially  interested  in  the 
Day  Nursery  at  Lewiston.  The  corresponding  secretary  writes:  "Although 
the  work  done  in  our  union  is  small  compared  with  larger  unions,  its  members 
are  thoroughly  interested,  and  earnestly  working  for  'God  and  Home  and 
Native  Land.'"  Thus  again  comes  our  glorious  motto  to  the  front,  and  our 
hearts  are  thrilled  with  the  melody  oi  its  meaning,  as  up  from  the  little  unions 
along  the  line  is  sounded  its  magic  numbers.  Mrs  R.  S.  Thomas  is  the 
president  for  1891. 

The  Lisbon  Falls  Union  was  formed  February  22,  1889,  with  Mrs  Jordan 
White  as  president.  Mrs  M.  A.  Witham  is  the  president  for  1891.  Into  the 
hearts  of  this  union  has  been  adopted  the  Day  Nursery  of  Lewiston,  and  for 
the  comfort  of  these  "God's  little  ones"  have  they  been  busily  engaged,  aside 
from  other  interests  that  have  appealed  to  them.  May  this  union  of  patriotic 
virtue  be  ever  inspired  by  its  anniversaries,  which  celebrate  the  birthday  of 
the  father  of  our  country,  and  it  could  be  called  the  Washington  Union. 

Earnest  workers  from  unions  in  the  vicinity  of  Lisbon  visited  that  thriving 
place  March  14,  1889,  to  organize  an  Auxiliary  to  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  A  union 
was  formed,  and  Mrs  A.  H.  Macurda  elected  ju'esident.  The  work  among  the 
children  was  soon  taken  up,  and  a  branch  of  the  Loyal  Legion  organized. 
The  departments  of  Sundaj'^-school  work,  scientific  instruction  in  schools, 
flower  missions,  and  Sabbath  observance,  have  received  special  attention. 

East  Auburn  reports  through  its  secretary  that  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Lewiston  and  Auburn  unions,  invited  by  Mrs  H.  B.  Marshall,  wife  of  the 
Baptist  pastor,  and  formerly  a  member  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  the  West,  a 
union  was  formed  June  18,  1889,  with  Mrs  Marshall  as  president.  Mrs  Henry 
Townsend  is  the  present  president.  Inspired  by  our  motto,  they  hope  a  good 
work  has  been  accomplished.     Several  public  temperance  meetings  have  been 


Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union.  299 

held,  temperance  literature  disbursed,  and  prizes  offered  in  the  schools  for  best 
essays  on  alcohol  and  tobacco,  have  served  to  strengthen  public  sentiment. 
God's  messengers,  the  flowers,  sent  to  the  homes  of  the  sick  and  aged,  have 
been  gratefully  received.  So  they  believe  their  work  has  not  been  in  vain, 
and  that  seed  they  have  planted  will  spring  up  to  bless  other  generations. 

Livermore  Falls  Union  was  organized  March  14,  1890,  with  Mrs  Charles  R. 
Loring,  president.  Mrs  A.  D.  Gilbert  is  the  president  for  1891.  Though  in 
its  infancy  it  has  a  bright  outlook  in  the  efficiency  of  its  board  of  officers  and 
the  cheerful  courage  of  its  members.  Its  secretary  says  that,  while  ignorant 
as  yet  of  ways  and  means,  they  hold  profitable  meetings,  and  are  deeply  inter- 
ested in  the  work,  hoping  to  do  much  of  good.  Special  attention  has  been  given 
to  the  distribution  of  temperance  literature. 

In  1887  the  unions  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  established  a  restaurant  at  the 
State  Fair  Grounds,  with  the  combined  })urpose  of  helping  to  elevate  the  moral 
tone  of  the  people  through  the  distribution  of  temperance  literature,  lessening 
the  temptation  to  the  use  of  intoxicants,  and  the  furnishing  of  meals  to 
obtain  funds  to  forward  the  local  work  of  the  organization. 

Three  Demorest  medal  contests  in  oratory  of  unexceptional  interest  have 
been  held  in  the  county.  The  successful  contestant  of  the  East  Auburn 
contest  was  Miss  Edna  C.  Thomas.  The  contest  in  Auburn  was  participated 
in  by  pupils  of  the  Nichols  Latin  School  and  the  Lewiston  and  Auburn  high 
schools.  Miss  Josephine  H.  Hodsdon,  of  the  Latin  School,  won  the  prize.  Prom- 
inent citizens  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  served  as  judges ;  appropriate  and 
interesting  remarks  were  made  by  Mayor  A.  R.  Savage.  Lisbon  held  an 
enthusiastic  contest.  Its  object  was  the  purchase  of  a  flag  for  the  high 
school;  the  movement  originated  with  Mrs  A.  N.  Moffat,  National  Assistant 
Superintendent  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  There  were  six  contestants.  Miss  Belle 
Miles  won  the  medal.  Distinguished  speakers  of  national  fame,  and  Mrs 
Laura  Ormiston  Chant,  of  England,  have  addressed  public  audiences  in  this 
county  in  this  cause.  Pant  and  Present  State  Officers  and  Superintendents^ 
Residents  of  the  County:  Mrs  E.  M.  Blanchard,  Lewiston,  treasurer;  Mrs  M. 
K.  Mabry,  Turner,  vice-president  for  the  county;  Mrs  Susan  French,  Auburn, 
temperance  work  at  fairs;  Mrs  Nellie  R.  Sprague,  Greene,  co-operation  with 
other  societies;  Mary  L.  French,  Auburn,  press  work,  also  editor  of  the  state 
official  organ.  Star  in  the  Uast,  established  January,  1890;  Mrs  Abbie  Capen 
Peaslee,  Auburn,  state  organizer.  Past  superintendents  —  Dr  Mary  B.  Stevens, 
Auburn,  hygienic  reform  and  heredity;  Dr  Aurelia  Springer,  Lewiston, 
franchise.  The  officers  of  the  county  organization  elected  in  June,  1891,  are: 
Mrs  R.  A.  Springer,  Livermore  Falls,  Pres.;  Mrs  R.  A.  Pratt,  Auburn,  Sec; 
M.  E.  Perkins,  Mechanic  Falls,  Treas.  Mrs  E.  M.  Blanchard,  Dr  Mary  B. 
Stevens,  Mrs  M.  K.  Mabry  have  served  as  county  presidents  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
Several  county  conventions  have  been  held. 


300  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


"Wrought  into  the  granite  of  deeds"  is  the  history  of  the  unions  of 
Androscoggin  county,  unflinching  in  their  loyalty,  and  true  to  the  sentiment 
that  makes  no  compromise  with  error,  or  with  the  adoption  of  an  expedient  at 
the  cost  of  an  interest  that  is  eternity-bound,  their  success  and  prosperity  have 
been  undiminished.  Trusting  for  the  glorious  result  for  which  they  labor,  the 
prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic  and  its  attendant  evils,  they  press  to  the  front 
with  their  pure  white  banner  entwined  with  the  flags  of  the  nations,  while  the 
tramp  of  little  feet,  as  aloft  they  bear  their  ensign  with  its  prophetic  motto, 
"Tremble,  King  Alcohol,  for  we  shall  grow  up,"  inspires  with  a  never-dying 
conrao-e  the  valiant  host  that  marches  on  to  conquest  for  "God  and  Home  and 
Native  Land." 


CHAPTER   XIV. 

national,  state,  and  county  officers. 

United  States  Senators  —  Representatives  in  Congress  —  State  Oflflcers — Representatives 
to  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  —  Members  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1819 — 
State  Senators  —  Members  of  Maine  Legislature  — Clerlis  of  Court  —  County  Attorneys  — 
Sheriffs — Judges  of  Probate — Registers  of  Probate — County  Treasurers — County  Com- 
missioners—  Registers  of  Deeds. 

NATIONAL  OFFICERS.—  U.  S.  Senators  — William  P.  Frye,  Lewiston, 
1881-1883  (filled  vacancy  caused  by  appointment  of  James  G.  Blaine, 
Secretary  of  State),  1883-1889,  1889-1895.  Representatives  in  Con- 
gress—  Ebenezer  Herrick,  Lewiston,  1821-1825;  Charles  W.  Walton,  Auburn, 
1861  (resigned;  appointed  Justice  S.  J.  Court);  T.  A.  D.  Fessenden,  Auburn 
(filled  vacancy  caused  by  Walton's  resignation),  1861-1863;  Wm  P.  Frye, 
Lewiston,  1871-1881;  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  Lewiston,  1881-1883,  1883-1885, 
1885-1887,  1887-1889,  1889-1891,  1891-1893. 

State  Officers. —  G-overnors — Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  Lewiston,  1874;  Alonzo 
Garcelon,  Lewiston,  1879.  Presidents  of  Senate — Job  Prince,  Turner,  1839; 
David  Dunn,  Poland,  1846;  Chas  W.  Goddard,  Auburn,  1859;  Wm  D.  Pennell, 
Lewiston,  1885.  Secretaries  of  Senate  —  Ebenezer  Herrick,  Lewiston,  1820; 
J.  O.  L.  Foster,  Lewiston,  1845.  Speakers  of  the  House  —  Charles  Andrews, 
Turner,  1842  ;  David  Dunn,  Poland,  1843  ;  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  Lewiston,  1863  ; 
Liberty  H.  Hutchinson,  Lewiston,  1881.  Secretary/  of  State  —  Franklin  M. 
Drew,  Brunswick  (now  of  Lewiston),  1868-1872.     Adjutant- Greneral — Henry 


National,  State,  and  County  Officers.  301 

M.  Sprague,  Auburn,  1889.  Attorney- Cieneral  —  Wm  P.  Frye,  Lewiston,  1867- 
1870.  Reporters  of  Decisions  —  Timothy  Ludden,  Turner,  vols.  43  to  44 ;  Josiah 
D.  Pulsifer,  Auburn,  vols.  65  to  68. 

Representatives  to  the  Massachusetts  Legislature.  —  None  appear  in  the 
Massachusetts  Registers  until  1798  when  John  Herrick  appears  sent  by  Lewis- 
ton,  and  Samuel  Merrill,  by  Durham.  1799  —  John  Herrick,  Lewiston,  is  given 
as  the  sole  representative.  1800  —  Joel  Thompson,  Lewiston;  Elijah  Liver- 
more,  Livermore.  1801 — J.  Herrick,  Lewiston;  David  Learned,  Livermore. 
1802  —  J.  Herrick,  Lewiston  ;  Josiah  Burnham,  Durham  ;  Noah  Jordan,  Thomp- 
sonborough;  David  Learned,  Livermore.  1803  —  Noah  Jordan,  Lisbon ;  John 
Herrick,  Lewiston;  Sylvanus  Boardman,  Livermore.  1804  —  John  Herrick, 
Lewiston;  Cyrus  Hamlin,  Livermore;  Noah  Jordan,  Lisbon ;  Benjamin  Alden, 
Greene.  1805  —  David  Learned,  Livermore;  Dan  Read,  Lewiston.  1806  — 
Thomas  Francis,  Leeds;  John  Turner,  Turner;  Dan  Read,  Lewiston.  1807  — 
Thomas  Barnes,  Poland;  Christopher  Tracy,  Durham  ;  John  Herrick,  Lewiston ; 
Luke  Lambert,  Lisbon;  Luther  Robbins,  Greene;  Seth  Howard,  Leeds;  John 
Turner,  Turner;  Simeon  Waters,  Livermore.  1808  —  Samuel  Andrews, 
Poland;  Joel  Thompson,  Lewiston;  Luther  Robbins,  Greene;  Daniel  Lothrop, 
Jr,  Leeds;  John  Turner,  Turner;  Nathaniel  Perley,  Livermore.  1809  — 
Samuel  Andrews,  Poland;  Joel  Thompson,  Lewiston ;  John  Daggett,  Greene; 
Daniel  Lothrop,  Jr,  Leeds;  John  Turner,  Turner;  Simeon  Waters,  Livermore. 

1810  —  Josiah  Burnham,  Durham;  Robert  Snell,  Poland;  Seth  Chandler,  Asaph 
Howard,  Minot;  Joel  Thompson,  Lewiston;  John  Daggett,  Greene;  Daniel 
Lothrop,    Jr,    Leeds;     John    Turner,    Turner;     Simeon    Waters,   Livermore. 

1811  —  Thomas  Barnes,  Poland ;  Seth  Chandler,  Nicholas  Noyes,  Minot ;  Gideon 
Curtis,  Lisbon;  Daniel  Lothrop,  Leeds;  George  French,  Turner;  Simeon 
Waters,  Livermore.  1812  —  Secomb  Jordan,  Durham  ;  Robert  Snell,  Poland; 
Nicholas  Noyes,  Minot;  Aaron  Dwinel,  Lewiston;  James  Small,  Lisbon; 
Luther  Robbins,  Greene;  Daniel  Lothrop,  Leeds;  George  French,  Turner; 
Samuel  I^ivermore,  Wm  H.  Brettun,  Livermore.  1813  —  Secomb  Jordan, 
Durham;  Robert  Snell,  Poland;  Jonathan  Nash,  Minot;  Joseph  Roberts, 
Pejepscot;  Joel  Thompson,  Lewiston;  Nathaniel  Fames,  Lisbon;  John 
Daggett,  Greene;  Daniel  Lothrop,  Leeds;  Joseph  Bonney,  Turner;  Simeon 
Waters,  William  H.  Brettun,  Livermore.  1814  —  Josiah  Burnham,  Durham; 
Thomas  Barnes,  Poland;  Jacob  Hill,  Minot;  Joel  Thompson,  Lewiston; 
Nathaniel  Fames,  Lisbon;  Luther  Robbins,  Greene;  Daniel  Lothrop,  Leeds; 
Joseph  Bonney,  Turner;  William  H.  Brettun,  Samuel  Livermore,  Livermore. 
1815  —  Josiah  Dunn-,  Poland;  Jacob  Hill,  Minot;  Aaron  Dwinel,  Lisbon; 
Luther  Robbins,  Greene;  Martin  Leonard,  Leeds;  Simeon  Waters,  Israel 
Washburn,  Livermore.  1816  —  Josiah  Dunn,  Poland;  Godfrey  Grosvenor, 
Minot;  Daniel  Lothrop,  Leeds;  Joseph  Bonney,  Turner;  Israel  Washburn, 
Simeon   Waters,   Livermore.      1817  —  Josiah  Dunn,   Poland;    William  Ladd, 


302  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Seth  Chandler,  Minot;  Luther  Robbins,  Greene;  Daniel  Lothrop,  Leeds; 
George  French,  Turner;  Samuel  Waters,  Ira  Thompson,  Livermore.  1818  — 
Joseph  Keith,  Minot.  1819  —  Josiah  Dunn,  Poland;  Benjamin  H.  Mace, 
Lisbon;  Simeon  Waters,  Israel  Washburn,  Livermore.  1820 — Josiah  Dunn, 
Poland;  George  Kicker,  Minot;  Luther  Robbins,  Greene;  Stillman  Howard, 
Leeds;    Philip  Bradford,  Turner;  Israel  Washburn,  Livermore. 

Members  of  the  Const  if  ufional  Convention  which  framed  the  Constitvtioyi  of 
the  State,  held  October  29,  1819.  —  Danville,  Josiah  Roberts;  Durham,  Secomb 
Jordan,  Allen  H.  Cobb ;  Minot,  Asaph  Howard,  Chandler  Freeman ;  Poland, 
Josiah  Dunn,  Jr ;  Livermore,  Benj.  Bradford,  Thomas  Chase,  Jr ;  Turner,  John 
Turner,  Philip  Bradford;  Lewiston,  John  Herrick ;  Lisbon,  James  Small, 
Nathaniel  Fames ;  Wales,  Joseph  Small ;  Greene,  Luther  Robbins ;  Leeds, 
Thomas  Francis. 

State  Senators.  —  At  the  time  of  the  incorporation  of  this  county 
Auburn,  Danville,  Durham,  Minot,  and  Poland  were  in  the  second  senatorial 
district;  Lewiston,  Lisbon,  and  Webster  in  the  third;  Greene,  Leeds,  and 
Wales  in  the  fourth;  and  Livermore  and  Turner  in  the  fourteenth.  The  act 
incorporating  the  county  provided  that  for  the  choice  of  senators  and  repre- 
sentatives the  towns  should  remain  in  the  same  districts  of  which  they  were 
then  a  part.  Tlie  names  of  the  senators  from  these  districts  from  1854  are  : 
1854  —  Second  District,  Warren  H.  Vinton,  Wm  Lowell,  James  T.  McCobb, 
Jacob  Hazen ;  Third  District,  Elisha  Clarke,  Nathan  H.  Farwell,  James  Lowell, 
Alfred  L.  Berry;  Fourth  District,  Henry  P.  Torsey,  Stephen  Stark,  Isaac  N. 
Tucker.  No  senators  from  the  fourteenth  district  appear  on  the  roll  of  the 
senate.  1855  —  Second  District,  Henry  A.  Boody,  Nathaniel  Pease,  Aaron 
Quinby,  Wm  Willis;  Third  District,  Alonzo  Garcelon,  Geo.  Thorndike,  Cor- 
nelius Turner,  Sewall  Watson;  Fourth  District,  Joseph  Eaton,  Augustus 
Sprague,  Henry  P.  Torsey.  1856  —  Second  District,  Abner  B.  Thompson, 
Horatio  J.  Swasey,  Phinehas  Barnes,  rlosiah  Blaisdell;  Third  District,  Edward 
O'Brien,  Jefferson  Hathorn,  E.  Wilder  Farley,  Stephen  H.  Read;  Fourth  District, 
Lot  M.  Morrill,  Emery  O.  Bean,  Thomas  Burrill.  1857  —  Second  District, 
John  B.  Brown,  Eleazer  Burbank,  John  P.  Davis,  Clement  Phinney;  Third 
District — David  C.  Magoun,  Hiram  Chapman,  Robert  C.  Webb,  Aaron  J. 
West;  Fourth  District,  Joseph  H.  Williams,  Thomas  W.  Herrick,  Nathaniel 
Graves,  1858  —  Second  District,  William  W.  Thomas,  Eleazer  W.  Burbank, 
John  P.  Davis,  ('harles  W.  Goddard;  Third  District,  Aaron  J.  West,  Hiram 
Chapman,  Jason  M.  Carleton,  Nathaniel  A.Burpee;  Foiirth  District,  Alfred 
Fletcher,  John  Berry,  Jr,  Charles  A.  Wing.  1859  —  Second  District,  Charles 
Hannaford,  Clement  Skolfield,  Edward  Anderson,  Charles  W.  Goddard 
(president);  Third  District,  Nathaniel  A.  Burpee,  Jason  M.  Carleton,  Jesse  S. 
Lyford ;  Fourth  District,  Alfred  Fletcher,  John  Berry,  Jr,  Charles  A.  Wing. 
I860  —  Second    District,    Charles    Hannaford,    Clement    Skolfield,     Edward 


National,  State,  and  County  Officers.  303 


Anderson,  Samuel  F.  Perley;  Third  District^  Joseph  Barron,  Jesse  S.  Lyford, 
Robert  E.  Rider,  Henry  Kennedy;  Fourth  Dhtriet,  Josiah  H.  Druuiniond, 
James  A.  Bicknell.  1861  —  Second  District,  Nathaniel  J.  Miller,  Sewall  N. 
Gross,  Nathaniel  Pease,  Warren  H.Vinton;  Third  District,  Jesse  S.  Lyford, 
Rufus  Sylvester,  Robert  E.  Rider,  Henry  Kennedy;  Fourth  District,  Calvin 
Hopkins,  James  A.  Bicknell,  Warren  Percival.  By  the  ap})ortionment  of 
senators  this  year,  Androscoggin  was  made  a  separate  senatorial  district, 
entitled  to  one  senator.  1862-1868,  Charles  F.Jordan;  1864-1865,  Jeremiah 
Dingley,  Jr;  1866-1867,  Adna  C.  Denison;  1868-1869,  Mandeville  T.  Ludden ; 
1870,  Daniel  Holland.  From  this  time  two  senators  are  sent  from  the  county. 
1871-1872-1873,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr,  Jesse  Davis;  1874-1875,  William  H. 
Rounds,  Edmund  Russell;  1876-1877,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis,  Charles  B.  Jordan; 
1878-1879,  J.  L.  H.  Cobb,  Rufus  Prince;  1880,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr,  George 
Parcher.  Biennial  Sessions.  — 1881,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr,  George  Parcher; 
1883,  William  D.  Pennell,  William  D.  Roak;  1885,  William  D.  Pennell 
(president),  William  D.  Roak;  1887,  Benjamin  J.  Hill,  Frank  E.  Sleeper; 
1889,  Benjamin  J.  Hill,  Frank  E.  Sleeper;  1891,  Jesse  M.  Libby,  John  Harper. 

Members  of  Maine  House  of  Representatives.  — 1820 — Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Minot, 
Asaph  Howard;  Poland  and  Danville,  Josiah  Dunn,  Jr;  Lewiston  and  Wales,  Dan  Read;  Greene, 
Luther  Robbins;  Leeds,  Thomas  Francis;  Livermore,  Thomas  Chase,  Jr;  Turner,  John  Turner. 
1821  —  Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Minot,  Asaph  Howard;  Poland,  Josiah  Dunn,  Jr;  Lewiston,  Dan 
Read;  Lisbon,  Nathaniel  Fames;  Greene,  Luther  Robbins;  Leeds,  Thomas  B^rancis;  Livermore, 
Thomas  Chase,  Jr;  Turner,  John  Turner.  1822  —  Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Danville,  Ebenezer 
Witham;  Minot,  Godfrey  Grosvenor;  Poland,  Josiah  Dunn,  Jr;  Lisbon,  Benjamin  H.  Mace;  Lewiston, 
James  Lowell;  Leeds,  Thomas  W.  Bridgham;  Livermore,  Thomas  Chase,  Jr;  Turner,  Joseph 
Bonney.  182o  —  Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Minot,  Willard  H.  Woodbury;  Poland,  James  Twitchell; 
Lisbon,  Benjamin  H.  Mace;  Wales,  Joseph  Small;  Leeds,  Thomas  W.  Bridgham;  Livermore,  Thomas 
Chase,  Jr;  Turner,  Joseph  Bonney.  1824  —  Danville,  John  Penley;  Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Minot, 
Willard  H.  Woodbury;  Poland,  William  Dunn;  Lewiston,  Dan  Read;  Lisljon,  Nathaniel  Eames; 
Greene,  Alfred  Pierce;  Leeds,  Thomas  Francis;  Livermore,  Thomas  Chase,  Jr;  Turner,  Joseph 
Bonney.  1825  — Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Minot,  Willard  H.  Woodbury;  Poland,  William  Dunn; 
Lisbon,  Nathaniel  Eames;  Wales,  Joseph  Small;  Leeds,  Thomas  Francis;  Livermore,  Thomas  Chase, 
Jr;  Turner,  Joseph  Bonney.  1826  —  Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Danville,  Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr; 
Minot,  Willard  H.  Woodbury;  Poland,  William  Dunn;  Lisbon,  Aaron  Dwinall;  Lewiston,  Dan  Read; 
Greene,  Alfred  Pierce;  Leeds,  Thomas  W.  Bridfjham;  Livermore,  Thomas  Chase,  Jr;  Turner, 
Timothy  Howe.  1827  — Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Minot,  W.  H.  Woodbury;  Poland,  Jabez  True,  Jr; 
Lisbon,  Aaron  Dwinall;  Lewiston,  Oliver  Herrick;  Greene,  Alfred  Pierce;  Leeds,  Thomas  W. 
Bridgham;  Livermore,  Benjamin  Bradford;  Turner,  Joseph  Bonney.  1828 — Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb; 
Minot,  Charles  Moody;  Danville,  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll;  Poland,  Jabez  True,  Jr;  Livermore, 
Benjamin  Bradford ;  Lisbon,  Aaron  Dwinall;  Leeds,  Stillman  Howard;  Wales,  Joseph  Small;  Turner, 
Joseph  Bonney.  1829 — Durham,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  Minot,  Benjamin  Johnson;  Poland,  Jabez  True,  Jr; 
Lewiston,  Oliver  Herrick;  Lisbon,  Aaron  Dwinall;  Greene,  Moses  Sprague;  Leeds,  Daniel  Lothrop; 
Livermore,  Benjamin  Bradford;  Turner,  Ichabod  Bonney,  Jr.  1830  —  Danville,  William  Woodbury; 
Durham,  James  Strout;  ISIinot,  Benjamin  Johnson;  Poland,  Daniel  Waterman,  Jr;  Lisbon,  Moses 
Tibbetts;  Wales,  John  Andrews;  Leeds,  Stillman  Howard;  Livermore,  Charles  Barrell;  Turner,  Joseph 
Bonney.  1831  — Durham,  James  Strout;  Minot,  George  Ricker;  Poland,  Reuben  B.  Dunn;  Lisbon, 
Moses  Tibbetts ;  Lewiston,  Oliver  Herrick;  Greene,  Alfred  Pierce;  Leeds,  John  Francis,  Livermore; 
William  Snow;  Turner,  Asa  Bradford.  1832  — Durham,  James  Strout;  Minot,  Willard  H.  Woodbury; 
Poland,  Reuben  B.  Dunn;  Lewiston,  William  Garcelon;  Lisbon,  Benjamin  D.  Bryent;  Greene, 
Benjamin  Allen;  Leeds,  John  Francis;  Livermore,  Reuel  Washburn;  Turner,  Asa  Bradford.  1833  — 
Danville,  John  Stinchfield;  Durham,  Henry  Moore;  Minot,  Godfrey  Grosvenor;  Poland,  Benjamin 


304  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Waterhouse;  Lisbon,  Paul  C.  Tibbetts;  Wales,  John  Andrews,  Jr;  Leeds,  Leavitt  Lothrop;  Liver- 
more,  Reuel  Washburn;  Turner,  Daniel  Hutchinson.  1834  — Danville,  James  Goff;  Durham,  Henry 
Moore;  Minot,  Joshua  Parsons;  Poland,  Benjamin  Waterhouse;  Lewiston,  Stephen  H.  Read;  Lisbon, 
Horace  Corbett:  Greene,  Benjamin  Allen;  Leeds,  Leavitt  Lothrop;  Livermore,  Reuel  Washburn; 
Turner,  Job  Prince.  1835  — Danville,  Benjamin  Waterhouse;  Durham,  Joseph  Warren;  Minot, 
Nathan  L.  Woodbury;  Poland,  William  Maxwell;  Lisbon,  Paul  C.  Tibbetts;  Wales,  Joseph  Foss; 
Leeds,  Israel  Herrick;  Livermore,  Reuel  Washburn;  Turner,  Ajalon  Dillingham.  183(5— Danville, 
Benjamin  Waterhouse;  Durham,  Joseph  Warren;  Minot,  Nathan  L.  Woodbury;  Poland,  AVilliam 
Maxwell,  Jr;  Lewiston,  William  Garcelon;  Lisbon,  Paul  C.  Tibbetts;  Greene,  Benjamin  Allen; 
Leeds,  Israel  Herrick;  Livermore,  Benjamin  Waterhouse;  Turner,  Ajalon  Dillingham.  1837  — 
Danville,  Samuel  Stinchfield;  Durham,  Jonathan  C.  Merrill;  Minot,  Enoch  Littlefield;  Poland, 
Stephen  M.  Marble;  Lewiston,  Thomas  Hodgkiu;  Lisbon,  Benjamin  D.  Bryent;  Greene,  Solomon 
Brown;  Leeds,  Issachar  Lane;  Livermore,  Samuel  B.  Holt;  Turner,  Isaac  Gross.  1838  —  Durham, 
Thomas  Estes;  Minot,  William  Lowell,  Jr;  Poland,  Stephen  M.  Marble;  Danville,  John  Penley; 
Lisbon,  Mark  Garcelon;  Lewiston,  James  Lowell;  Leeds,  Solomon  Lothrop;  Turner,  Isaac  Gross; 
Livermore,  Samuel  B.  Holt.  1839  —  Minot,  Calvin  Bridgham;  Durham,  Thomas  Estes;  Poland,  John 
Megquier;  Danville,  Samuel  Stinchfield;  Lisbon,  Philip  M.  Garcelon;  Lewiston,  James  Lowell; 
Leeds,  Solomon  Lothrop;  Greene,  John  Stevens;  Turner,  Charles  Andrews;  Livermore,  Willard 
Kelsey.  1840  —  Poland,  John  INIegquier;  Minot,  Charles  INIillett;  Durham,  Jonathan  Strout;  Dan- 
ville, Ebenezer  Witham;  Lisbon,  Philip  M.  Garcelon;  Leeds,  Joshua  S.  Turner;  Turner,  Charles 
Andrews;  Livermore,  Willard  Kelsey.  1841  —  Poland,  David  Dunn;  Minot,  William  Lowell;  Durham, 
Jonathan  Strout;  Danville,  Ebenezer  Witham;  Lisbon,  Simeon  Dwinel;  Lewiston,  Stephen  H.  Read; 
Leeds,  John  D.  Millett;  Greene,  Nathaniel  Robbins;  Turner,  Charles  Andrews;  Livermore,  Reuel 
Washburn.  1842  —  Poland,  David  Dunn;  JNIinot,  James  Goff,  Jr;  Danville,  John  R.  Nutting; 
Durham,  Joseph  Warren;  Lisbon,  John  Lewis;  Lewiston,  Temple  Tebbetts;  Leeds,  Joshua  S.  Turner; 
Turner,  Charles  Andrews;  Livermore,  Samuel  B.  Morrison.  1843 — Durham,  Simeon  Bailey;  Poland, 
David  Dunn;  Auburn,  James  Goff,  Jr;  Lewiston,  Gideon  Perkins;  Turner,  William  B.  Bray; 
Livermore,  Isaac  S.  Daly.  1844  —  Poland,  David  Dunn;  Danville,  Nathaniel  L.  IngersoU;  Minot, 
Jabez  C.  Woodman;  Lisbon,  Horace  Corbett;  Livermore,  Samuel  B.  Morrison.  1845  —  Poland, 
Eliphalet  Davis;  Auburn,  Enoch  Littlefield;  Durham,  Alvah  Marston;  Lewiston,  Asa  Garcelon; 
Greene,  Orrin  Daggett;  Leeds,  Barnabas  Davee;  Turner,  William  B.  Bray;  Livermore,  Isaac  S. 
Daly.  1846. —  Auburn,  Thomas  L.  Howard;  Danville,  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll;  Poland,  Freeland 
Marble;  Lisbon,  Joseph  Moore;  Webster,  .Jacob  Hill;  Livermore,  Philip  Muiiger;  Turner,  John  F. 
Holt.  1847  — Durham,  Sewall  Libby;  Minot,  Richard  H.  Ford;  Poland,  Freeland  Marble;  Lewiston, 
Stephen  Davis;  Leeds,  Thomas  W.  Bridgham;  Livermore,  Benjamin  Bradford.  1848  —  Danville, 
Edward  T.  Little;  Minot,  Richard  H.  Ford;  Poland,  David  Dunn;  Lisbon,  John  Whittemore;  Greene, 
Martin  Leonard;  Wales,  Daniel  Larrabee;  Livermore,  James  Chase;  Turner,  Luther  Bailey.  1849  — 
Auburn,  Thomas  Littlefield;  Durham,  Jonathan  C.  Merrill;  Poland,  Robert  Martin;  Lewiston, 
Stephen  Myrick,  Jr;  Webster,  Wentworth  Jordan;  East  Livermore,  Hanes  L.  Morrison;  Leeds, 
Joseph  Day,  2d;  Turner,  Isaac  Strickland.  1850  — Danville,  George  W.  Chase;  Minot,  Richard  H. 
Ford;  Poland,  Robert  Martin;  Lisbon,  John  Atwood;  Greene,  Augustus  Sprague;  Livermore,  Nathaniel 
Norcross.  1851  — Auburn,  John  Downing,  Jr;  Durham,  Joseph  Warren;  Poland,  David  Dunn;  Lew- 
iston, James  Lowell;  Leeds,  Peleg  B.Caswell;  Wales,  Joel  Small;  Livermore,  Nathaniel  Norcross; 
Turner,  Timothy  Ludden.  1852  — Auburn,  John  Downing,  Jr,  Durham,  Joseph  Warren;  Poland, 
David  Dunn;  Lewiston,  James  Lowell;  Leeds,  Peleg  B.  Caswell;  Wales,  Joel  Small;  Livermore, 
Nathaniel  Norcross;  Turner,  Timothy  Ludden.  18.53  —  Minot,  Nathan  C.  Harris;  Durham,  William 
Newell,  Jr;  Auburn,  George  Ricker,  Jr;  Poland,  Daniel  Waterman;  Greene,  John  Stevens;  Lew- 
iston, .Monzo  Garcelon;  Webster,  Stetson  L.  Hill;  Turner,  Luther  Bailey. 

Androscoggin  County.  — 1854— Poland,  George  Bridgham,  Jr;  Auburn,  Thomas  Littlefield; 
Danville,  Ebenezer  Witham;  Leeds,  Giddings  Lane;  Lewiston,  Charles  Millett;  Lisbon,  Moses 
Whittemore.  1855  — East  Livermore,  Oilman  D.  Garland;  Lewiston,  Jacob  B.  Ham;  Greene,  Tristram 
Hill;  Auburn,  Silvester  Oakes;  Poland,  William  Stanton;  Minot,  Isaiah  Woodman;  Turner,  William 
Bray;  Durham,  Hezekiah  Gerrish.  1856  — Auburn,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr;  Danville,  Calvin  Record; 
Poland,  William  Stanton;  Leeds,  Thomas  Owen;  Lewiston,  Jacob  B.  Ham;  Lisbon,  Aaron  J.  West; 
Livermore,  Reuben  1'.  Brown.  1857  — Auburn,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr;  Durham,  William  D.  Roak; 
Lewiston,  Alonzo  Garcelon;  Livermore,  Orison  Rollins;  Minot,  David  B.  Sawyer;  Poland,  Thomas 
Lane;  Turner,  Samuel  B.  Holt;  Wales,  John  Lombard;  Webster,  James  Bryent.  1858  — Auburn, 
Timothy  Bailey;  Durham,  William  D.  Roak;  East  Livermore,  Cyrus  Knapp;  Lisbon,  George 
Plummer;   Lewiston,  Alcander  Burbank;    Poland,  Thomas  Lane;  Danville,  Daniel  Field;   Turner, 


National,  State,  and  County  Officers.  305 

Samuel  B.  Holt;  Leeds,  Uriah  Foss.  1859 — Auburn,  J.  F.  Cobb;  Greene,  Silas  Sprague;  Lewiston, 
Alcander  Burbank;  Minot,  Joseph  Bucknani;  Poland,  Charles  F.  Jordan.  1860  — Auburn,  T.  A.  D. 
Fessenden;  Danville,  William  H.  Rounds;  Durham,  Sewall  Strout;  Leeds,  John  Gilraore;  Livermore, 
S.  M.  Norton;  Lewiston,  John  B.  Jones;  Lisbon,  Henry  I.  Holland;  Poland,  Charles  F.  Jordan; 
Turner,  D.  H.  Teague.  18()1  —  Auburn,  Dexter  Robinson;  Poland,  William  Cousens;  Lewiston, 
William  P.  Frye;  Livermore,  John  Monroe;  Minot,  W.  L.  Bonney;  Turner,  D.  H.  Teague;  Durham, 
Emery  S.  Warren;  Greene,  Harrison  Rose.  18(32  —  Auburn,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr;  Danville,  James 
Wagg;  East  Livermore,  H.  C.  Wentworth;  Lewiston,  William  P.  Frye,  Mark  Lowell;  Lisbon,  Jesse 
Davis;  Poland,  H.  G.  O.  Haskell;  Turner,  Solon  Chase.  1863  —  Auburn,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr;  Leeds, 
Davis  F.  Lothrop;  Lewiston,  Nathan  W.  Farwell,  Mark  Lowell;  Lisbon,  David  F.  Shea;  Minot, 
William  P.  Bearce;  Turner,  Solon  Chase;  Poland,  H.  G.  O.  Haskell.  1864— Auburn,  Edward  T. 
Little;  Danville,  Eben  Jordan,  Jr;  Durham,  Nelson  Strout;  Greene,  Converse  R.  Daggett;  Lewiston, 
Nathan  W.  P^arwell,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr;  Livermore,  Charles  W.  Fuller;  Wales,  Harding  L.  Watts. 
1865  —  Auburn,  Edward  T.  Little;  East  Livermore,  Francis  F.  Haines;  Lewiston,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr, 
Abial  M.  Jones;  Lisbon,  David  S.  Dunlap;  Minot,  William  INIoore;  Poland,  Adna  C.  Denison; 
Livermore,  Daniel  H.  Kilbreth.  1866 — Auburn,  Oscar  D.  Bailey;  Danville,  Eben  Jordan,  Jr; 
Durham,  James  H.  Eveleth;  Leeds,  Greenwood  C.  Gordon;  Lewiston,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Daniel 
Holland;  Poland,  John  R.  Pulsifer;  Turner,  Phillips  Bradford.  1867 — Auburn,  Oscar  D.  Bailey; 
Greene,  Bradford  D.  Farnham;  Lewiston,  Daniel  Holland,  William  P.  Frye;  Minot,  Josiah  A. 
Bucknam;  Poland,  John  R.  Pulsifer;  Turner,  Phillips  Bradford;  Webster,  Jonathan  B.  Jordan. 
1868  —  Auburn,  T.  A.  D.  Fessenden;  Danville,  Daniel  Fields;  Lewiston,  George  A.  Clark,  Nelson 
Dingley,  Jr;  Leeds,  Wallace  R.  Leadbetter;  Lisbon,  Israel  K.  Estes;  Livermore,  Sylvan  G.  Shurtleff; 
Wales,  Joel  Ham.  18(i9 — Auburn,  Granville  Blake;  Durham,  Jonathan  Libbey;  Greene,  William 
M.  Longley;  Lewiston,  George  A.  Clark,  John  S.  P.  Ham;  Livermore,  Albert  C.  Pray;  Minot, 
Stillman  W.  Shaw;  Poland,  Andrew  J.  Weston.  1870  —  Auburn,  Granville  Blake;  Leeds,  Joseph  G. 
Gott;  Lewiston,  Samuel  R.  Bearce,  John  S.  P.  Ham;  Lisbon,  Edward  Plummer;  Minot,  Marshall 
Jordan;  Poland,  Andrew  J.  Weston;  Turner,  Zebulon  H.  Bearce.  1871  —  Auburn,  Jeremiah  Dingley; 
Danville,  James  Wagg;  Durham,  John  D.  Osgood;  PZast  Livermore,  Cyrus  Kuapp;  Lewiston,  Henry 
A.  Osgood,  R.  C.  Reynolds;  Poland,  Luther  Perkins;  Turner,  James  M.  Fish.  1872  —  Auburn,  Oscar 
D.  Bailey,  John  W.  Perkins;  Leeds,  Oscar  D.  Turner;  Lewiston,  David  Farrar,  John  W.  Farwell, 
Nelson  Howard;  Poland,  Luther  Perkins;  Turner,  Rufus  Prince;  Webster,  O.  D.  Potter.  1873  — 
Auburn,  Oscar  D.  Bailey,  Ara  Cushman;  Greene,  Oliver  Mower;  Lewiston,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr, 
Nelson  Howard,  Warren  E.  Pressey;  Lisbon,  Charles  B.  Jordan;  Minot^Poland,  William  H.  Rounds; 
Turner,  James  A.  Carey.  1874  —  Auburn,  Isaiah  AVoodman,  B.  F.  Sturgis;  Lewiston,  Warren  E. 
Pressey,  Adelbert  D.  Cornish,  J  L.  H.  Cobb;  Livermore,  Caleb  Smith;  Poland,  Adna  T.  Denison; 
Lisbon,  Oliver  R.  Small;  Wales,  David  S.  Sanborn.  1875  —  Auburn,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis,  James 
Wagg;  Durham,  Leonard  Macomber;  East  Livermore,  John  W.  Eaton;  Lewiston,  Nathan  W. 
Dutton,  Seth  D.  Wakefield;  Livermore,  John  Sanders;  Poland,  Adna  T.  Denison.  1876  —  Auburn, 
James  Wagg,  Hannibal  R.  Smith;  Lewiston,  Nathan  W.  Dutton,  John  G.  Cook,  Cyrus  Greely; 
Minot,  Charles  H.  Dwinal;  Leeds,  George  Parcher;  Turner,  Lewis  A.  Farrar;  Webster,  J.  W. 
Maxwell.  1877  —  Auburn,  Ansel  Briggs,  Hannibal  R.Smith;  Durham,  William  Stackpole;  Greene, 
Virgil  H.  Sprague;  Lewiston,  John  G.  Cook,  Cyrus  Greely,  George  H.  Pilsbury;  Poland,  Jesse  M. 
Libby;  Turner,  Lewis  A.  Farrar.  1878— Lewiston,  George  H.  Pilsbury,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Joseph  S. 
Garcelon;  Auburn,  Charles  E.  Smith,  Ansel  Briggs;  Poland-Minot,  Gideon  Bearce;  Lisbon-Durham- 
Webster,  Charles  B.  Plummer;  East  Livermore-Greene-I-iceds-Wales,  John  W.  Eaton;  Livermore- 
Turner,  Samuel  Boothby.  1879 — Lewiston,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Joseph  S.  Garcelon,  Liberty  H. 
Hutchinson;  Auburn,  Charles  E.  Smith,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr;  Poland-Minot,  D.  B.  Perry;  Lisbon- 
Durham-Webster,  Nathaniel  J.  Shaw;  Leeds-East  Livermore-Greeue- Wales,  Charles  H.  Lane; 
Livermore-Turner,  James  N.  Atwood.  1880  —  Lewiston,  Liberty  H.  Hutchinson,  Silas  W.  Cook, 
Isaac  N.  Parker;  Auburn,  Ebenezer  Jordan,  Ellery  F.  Goss;  Poland-Minot,  Thomas  B.  Swan; 
Durham -Lisbon -Webster,  Williiim  H.  Thomas;  Greene -Leeds -East  Livermore -Wales,  Charles 
M.  Washburn;  Turner-Livermore,  Horace  C.  Haskell. 

Biennial. — 1881  —  Lewiston,  L.  H.  Hutchinson  (speaker),  Silas  W.  Cook,  Isaac  N.  Parker;  Auburn, 
Ebenezer  Jordan,  Ellery  F.  Goss;  Poland-Minot,  Thomas  B.  Swan,  succeeded  by  D.  B.  Perry;  Lisbon- 
Durham-Webster,  Elijah  M.  Shaw;  Wales-Greene-Leeds-East  Livermore,  Joseph  G.  Bragg;  Turner- 
Livermore,  Horace  C.  Haskell.  1883 — Lewiston,  Wallace  II.  White,  Oren  A.  Horr,  Chas  S.  Newell; 
Auburn,  Benj.  J.  Hill,  Arthur  B.  Latham;  Poland-Minot,  John  S.  Briggs;  Webster-Durham-Lisbon, 
Roscoe  I).  Y.  Philbrook;  Wales-Greene-Leeds-East  Livermore,  Thomas  W.  Ham;  Turner-Livermore, 
H.  W.  Copeland.    1885  —  Lewiston,  Chas  Walker,  John  M.  Robbins,  D.  J.  McGillicuddy,  L.  J.  Martel; 


306  History  of  Androscoggin  Cofnty. 


Auburn,  Benj.  J.  Hill,  Silvester  Oakes;  Poland- Wales,  Benj.  H.  Noble;  Minot-Durham,  Prescott  R. 
Cobb;  Lisbon-Webster,  Jeremiah  Philbrook;  Leeds-Greene-East  Livermore,  Seth  Howard;  Turner- 
Livermore,  John  O.  Palmer.  1887— Lewiston,  Frank  L.  Noble,  Albert  B.  Nealey,  Joseph  E.  Cloutier, 
J.Harper;  Auburn,  David  P.  Field,  Geo.  G.  Gifford;  Durham-Minot,  ChasW.  Harding;  Poland-Wales, 
Chas  N.  Burns;  Lisbon- Webster,  Alfred  E.  Jordan;  Greene-Leeds-East  Livermore,  Eli  Hodgkins; 
Turner-Livermore,  John  T.  Gushing.  188!)— Lewiston,  Ivory  W.  Emerson,  Albert  B.  Nealey,  Joseph 
E.  Cloutier,  John  Harper;  Auburn,  David  P.  Field,  George  G.  Gifford;  East-Livermore-Greene- 
Leeds,  Alvin  Record;  Minot-Durham,  Frank  O.  Purinton;  Wales-Poland,  Alden  Moulton;  Webster- 
Lisbon,  James  G.  Jordan;  Livermore-Turner,  John  O.  Palmer.  1891 —  Lewiston,  William  Dickey, 
T.  F.  Callahan,  Charles  H.  Osgood,  Frank  L.  Noble;  Auburn,  Albert  R.  Savage,  Albert  M.  Penley; 
East  Livermore-Leeds-Greene,  R.  N.  Maxim;  Minot-Durham,  Joseph  H.  Davis;  Webster-Lisbon, 
Charles  M.  Ham;   Poland- Wales,  W.  W.  Dennen;  Turner-Livermore,  Roscoe  Smith. 

County  Officers.- C/e/-/fcs  of  Courts.  — Gyxw^  Knapp,  appointed  by  the  Governor,  March  31,  1854- 
January  1,  1855;  J.  D.  Pulsifer,  January  1,  185o-December  31,  1863;  Daniel  P.  Atwood,  January  1, 
1864-December  31,  1878;  I.  W.  Hanson,  January  1,  1879,  present  term  expires  December  31,  1892. 
Cowni?/ ^i^or/ieys.— Charles  W.  Goddard,  Lewiston,  1854-5-6-7;  Charles  W.  Walton,  Auburu,  1858-9- 
60;  Thomas  A.  D.  Fessenden,  Auburn,  1861-()2;  Mandeville  T.  Ludden,  Lewiston,  1863-4-5-15;  Emery 
O.  Bicknell,  Lewiston,  1867-8-9;  Augustus  M.  Pulsifer,  Auburn,  1870-1-2;  George  C.  Wing,  Auburu, 
1873_4_5;  Wallace H.  White,  Lewiston,  1876-7-8-9-80  (resigned  1880,  and  Albert  R.  Savage,  appointed); 
Albert  R.  Savage,  Auburn,  1881-2-3;  Tascus  Atwood,  Auburn,  1885-6;  J.  M.  Libby,  Poland,  1887- 
8-9-90;  William  H.  Newell,  Lewiston,  1891,  present  term  expires  December  31,  1892.  S/ier(//s.— Charles 
Clark,  Danville,  1854-5;  Lee  Strickland,  Livermore,  1856;  Charles  Clark,  Danville,  1857-8-9-60;  Isaac 
N.  Parker,  Lewiston,  1861-70;  Daniel  H.  Teague,  Turner,  1870-1;  W.  H.  Waldron,  Lewiston,  1872; 
Thomas  Littlefield,  Auburn,  1873-1-5-6-7-8-9-80-1.  Vacancy.  Hillman  Smith,  Auburn,  1883-4-5-6- 
7-8;  John  F.  Lamb,  East  Livermore,  1889-90-1,  term  expires  December  31,  1892.  Judges  of  Probate. — 
Nahum  Morrill,  Auburn,  1854-5-6;  Reuel  Washburn,  Livermore,  1857-8,  July,  1859;  Edward  T.  Little, 
Danville,  1859-60-1-2-3;  Enos  T.  Luce,  Lewiston,  1863-4-5-6-7-8-9-70-1;  Cyrus  Knapp,  East  Liver- 
more, 1872-3-4-5;  George  C.  Wing,  Auburn,  1876-7-8-9-80-1-2-3-4;  Albert  R.  Savage,  Auburn,  1885- 
6-7*8;  Franklin  M.  Drew,  Lewiston,  1889-90-1,  term  expires  December  31,  1892.  Registers  of  Probate.—' 
Stetson  L.  Hill,  Webster,  1854-5-6;  William  P.  Frye,  Lewiston,  1857-8-9-60;  George  S.  Woodman, 
Auburn,  1861-80;  Nathan  W.  Harris,  Auburn,  1881-88;  Fred  O.  Watson,  Auburn,  1889-90-1,  term 
expires  December  31,  1892.     County  Tivasurers.  —  James  Goff,  Auburn,  1854;  Jesse  Hayes,  1855-(i; 

A.  H.  Small,  Lewiston,  1857-8;  Philip  A.  Briggs,  Auburn,  1859-60-1-2;  I.  G.  Curtis,  1863-4-5;  Joel  S. 
Cobb,  1866;  Joseph  Littlefield,  1867;  Alcander  F.  ISIerrill,  1868-82,  Mr  Merrill  died  in  office  and  his  son 
was  appointed  to  serve  out  the  term;  J.  F.  Merrill,  1883-4;  Daniel  Lara,  Auburn,  1885-6;  Noel  B. 
Potter,  Lewiston,  1887-91,  term  expires  December  31,  1892.  County  Commissioners. — 1854— S.  H.  Read, 
Lewiston;  Job  Chase,  Livermore;  Emery  S.  Warren,  Durham.  1855  —  Isaac  S.  Small,  Wales;  Job 
Chase;  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  Poland.  1856  —  Isaac  S.  Small,  Job  Chase;  Samuel  F.  Waterman, 
Poland.  1857  — Job  Chase,  I.  S.  Small,  S.  F.  Waterman.  1858-59  —  1.  S.  Small;  Jonathan  C.  Merrill, 
Durham;  Saml  F.  Waterman.  1860  —  Jonathan  C.  Merrill;  Rufus  Prince,  Turner;  Augustus  Sprague, 
Greene.  1861-2  —  Rufus  Prince,  Augustus  Sprague;  William  S.  Cotton,  Lisbon.  1863  —  William  S. 
Cotton,  Rufus  Prince;  Robert  Martin,  Auburn.  1864  —  Rufus  Prince,  Robert  Martin;  Jesse  Davis, 
Lisbon.  1865-68  —  Robert  Martin,  Jesse  Davis;  Lee  Strickland,  Livermore.  1869  —  Jesse  Davis;  John 
Read,  Lewiston;  Lee  Strickland.  1870— Lee  Strickland,  John  Read;  William  D.  Roak,  Durham. 
1871-5  — John  Read,  William  D.  Roak;  Davis  F.  Lothrop,  Leeds.  1876— Davis  F.  Lothrop,  John 
Read;  Luther  Perkins,  Poland.  1877-8  — John  Read,  Luther  Perkins;  H.  W.  Briggs,  Livermore. 
1879-80  — H.  W.  Briggs,  John  Read;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  Webster.  1881  — J.  W.  Maxwell,  H.  W.  Briggs; 
O.  D.  Bailey,  Auburn,  1882— H.  W.  Briggs,  O.  D.  Bailey;  Henry  Turner,  Turner.  1883-6  — O.  D. 
Bailey,  J.  W.  Maxwell;  R.  C.  Boothby,  East  Livermore.     1887  — J.  W.  Maxwell,  R.  C.  Boothby;  W. 

B.  Beals.  Turner.    1888— R.  C.  Boothby,  W.  B.  Beals,  J.  W.  Maxwell.      1889-90-1  — W.  B.  Beals,   R. 

C.  Boothby;  Seth  Chandler,  Lewiston.  Registe7's  of  Deeds.— 3.11.  Otis,  Leeds,  1854-7;  William  F. 
Garcelon,  Lewiston,  1857-68;  Silas  Sprague,  Auburn,  1868-91,  present  term  expires  December  31,  1892. 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  307 


CHAPTER   XV. 


THE  COURTS  AND  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


The  Courts — Supreme  Judicial  Court  — Probate  and  Insolvent  Courts  —  Court  of  County 
Commissioners — ^  Auburn  Municipal  Court  —  Lewiston  Municipal  Court  —  County  Build- 
ings—  The  Little  Family  —  Bench  and  Bar. 

THE  COURTS.  —  When  the  county  was  organized,  the  present  judicial 
system  of  a  supreme  judicial  court,  a  court  of  county  commissioners,  and 
a  court  of  probate  and  insolvency,  had  been  in  force  for  many  years. 
Under  this  system,  with  the  addition  of  the  municipal  courts  of  Lewiston  and 
Auburn,  the  citizens  of  Androscoggin  have  lived  and  litigated. 

Supreme  Judicial  Court.  —  This  court  is  composed  of  a  chief  justice  and 
seven  associates,  who  exercise,  as  a  full  bench,  the  powers  of  a  law  court, 
and  one  of  whom  holds  trial  terms  at  Auburn  for  this  county  on  the  third 
Tuesda3^s  of  January,  April,  and  September.  This  is  the  court  of  general 
jurisdiction  in  matters  civil,  criminal,  and  equitable.  It  has  by  statute  gen- 
eral supervision  over  inferior  courts  for  the  correction  of  errors  and  abuses, 
and  appeals  lie  to  it  from  the  lower  courts  of  the  county.  At  the  trial  term 
the  grand  jury  and  two  petit  juries  are  in  attendance.  The  first  term  in  this 
county  was  opened  in  Auburn  Hall,  then  an  unfinished  wooden  building,  and 
immediately  adjourned  to  Jones's  Hall,  in  Lewiston,  where  its  terms  were  held 
until  Auburn  Hall  was  completed,  which  was  used  until  the  county  buildings 
were  built. 

Probate  and  Insolvent  Courts.  —  The  court  of  probate  and  insolvency  is 
composed  of  a  single  judge  and  a  register,  both  elected  by  the  people  of  the 
county.  This  court  has  jurisdiction  of  all  matters  relating  to  the  settlement  of 
the  estates  of  deceased  persons,  the  appointment  of  guardians  of  children  and 
insane  persons,  of  the  adoption  of  children,  and  in  cases  of  insolvency.  These 
courts  were  held  in  Engine  Hall,  on  North  Main  street  in  Auburn,  until  the 
county  buildings  were  completed. 

Court  of  County  Conmiissioners.  —  The  County  Commissioners  are  the 
general  fiscal  agents  of  the  county.  Claims  against  the  county  must  be 
allowed,  and  the  accounts  of  county  officers  audited  by  them.  \n  their  judicial 
capacity,  they  have  jurisdiction  in  cases  where  roads  and  bridges  are  to  be 
jointly  built  and  maintained  by  two  or  more  towns,  and  where  a  town 
unreasonably    refuses   to    lay   out    public    ways.      They   also    have    appellate 


308  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

jurisdiction  in  cases  in  which  a  party  is  aggrieved  by  a  town  in  laying  out  a 
public  way,  or  by  the  valuation  of  property  for  purposes  of  taxation,  and  have 
authority  to  award  damages  to  an  individual  whose  property  is  taken  by  a 
railroad  company  for  the  construction  of  tracks  or  buildings. 

Atihurn  3Iumcipal  Court.  —  This  court  had  its  origin  in  the  Auburn  police 
court,  established  in  1869,  and  presided  over  by  Nathaniel  French  from  1869 
to  1873,  and  by  Thomas  Howard  from  1873  to  its  abolition  in  1875,  when 
the  municipal  court  was  created.  Richard  Dresser  was  the  first  judge,  and  has 
presided  over  the  court  since.  The  Legislature  of  1891  increased  its  juris- 
diction, made  it  a  court  of  record,  and  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  clerk. 
Albert  E.  Verrill,  of  Auburn,  was  appointed  clerk. 

Lewiston  Municipal  Court.  —  In  1859  a  police  court  was  created  in  Lewiston. 
John  Smith  was  the  judge,  and  held  court  in  a  building  on  Lisbon  street, 
standing  where  does  now  the  law-office  of  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton.  In  1871  a  new 
court  was  established,  and  Enos  T.  Luce  was  appointed  judge.  Judge  Luce 
held  the  office  for  about  a  year,  when  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton  was  elected  for  a 
four  years'  term.  In  1876  Adelbert  D.  Cornish  was  appointed.  In  1872  the 
court  moved  into  rooms  in  the  City  Building,  where  its  terms  were  held  until 
the  building  was  burned,  January  7,  1890.  Since  then  it  has  been  held  in 
Tracy  Block,  on  Lisbon  street. 

By  the  act  establishiug  this  county  the  erection  of  county  buildings  was 
delayed  for  one  season  until  the  people  by  ballot  selected  a  shire-town  and  it 
was  proclaimed  by  the  governor.  At  the  election  held  October  2,  1854, 
Auburn  was  chosen  by  a  majority  of  876  votes,  and  November  15,  Governor 
Crosby  proclaimed  Auburn  "  the  shire-town  of  the  county,  to  all  intents  and 
purposes  the  same  as  if  it  had  been  designated  in  the  act  creating  the  county." 
In  obedience  to  this  proclamation,  the  board  of  county  commissioners  promptly 
removed  the  county  offices  from  Lewiston  to  Auburn,  providing  the  best 
accommodations  attainable  in  the  brick  dwelling  of  Mrs  Davis  and  in  the 
wooden  engine-house.  There  was,  however,  no  building  of  suitable  size 
within  the  legal  limits  of  Auburn  for  the  holding  of  sessions  of  the  supreme 
court,  and  Judge  Rice  was  compelled  in  January,  1855,  to  adjourn  his  court  to 
Lewiston.  By  April,  Auburn  Hall  was  in  readiness  to  be  used  for  this  purpose, 
and  from  that  time  courts  have  been  regularly  held  in  Auburn.  Quite  a 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  securing  a  location  for  county  buildings,  but  the 
present  site  of  nearly  one  acre  was  purchased  November  1,  1855,  for  |1,800. 
The  contract  for  building  was  let  to  Hon.  Albert  Currier,  of  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  for  $69,753.  Work  was  begun  April  14,  1856,  and  the  structure  was  to 
be  completed  January  1,  1857.  Unforeseen  delays  prevented  this,  but  the 
offices  for  county  officials  were  occupied  as  fast  as  they  were  ready,  and  during 
the  summer  of  1857  the  whole  work  was  completed.  The  buildings  are 
convenient,  artistic,  and  centrally  located.     They  give  a  pleasing  effect  to  the 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  309 

locality  of  Turner  and  Court  streets  where  they  are  situated,  and  are  truly 
ornamental  in  appearance.  The  three  buildings  are  connected,  arranged  to 
form  three  sides  of  a  hollow  square,  and  are  fire-proof.  The  exterior  walls  are 
brick  with  a  granite  basement.  The  south  building  on  Court  street  is  97x54 
feet  in  size,  and  two  finished  stories  in  height,  exclusive  of  the  cellar.  The 
first  story  is  occupied  by  county  offices;  the  second  by  a  court-room  (55x50 
feet),  jury  rooms,  etc.  The  roof  is  slated,  hipped  to  meet  a  "flat"  in  the 
center,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  cupola  or  dome  light.  The  north  building 
measures  96x85  feet  and  contains  the  jail  and  jailor's  residence.  The  third 
building  connects  the  others,  measures  (15  x  25  feet,  and  is  one  story  high. 

The  Little  Family.^  —  The  searcher  of  land  titles  in  Androscoggin 
county  finds  no  family  name  of  more  frequent  occurrence  among  the  early 
grantors  than  that  of  Little.  In  fact,  Colonel  Moses  Little,  of  Newbury,  Mass., 
the  first  to  interest  himself  in  the  region,  at  one  time  in  his  life  must  have  held 
fee  simple  of  the  major  part  of  eight  of  these  thirteen  towns.  He  was  a  shrewd 
old  soldier  of  indomitable  energ}'^  and  natural  abilities  of  no  mean  order.  He 
served  with  much  credit  in  the  French  and  Indian  War,  and  for  several  years 
afterward  was  surveyor  of  the  King's  woods,  a  position  which  gave  him 
excellent  facilities  for  becoming  acquainted  with  the  value  of  wild  lands. 
The  war  of  the  Revolution  found  him  over  fifty  years  of  age,  but  as  active  and 
earnest  in  the  defense  of  his  country's  liberties  as  the  youngest.  Upon  the 
first  tidings  of  the  encounter  at  Lexington,  he  marched  with  his  company  to 
the  American  headquarters  at  Cambridge.  Tradition  says  the  news  reached 
Turkey  Hill  at  midnight,  and  by  six  the  next  morning  he  was  on  the  road  at  the 
head  of  his  men.  At  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  he  was  reported  as  having 
behaved  with  much  spirit.  Though  not  wounded,  he  had  several  narrow 
escapes.  Men  on  each  side  of  him  were  killed,  and  his  clothes  were 
bespattered  with  blood.  Forty  of  his  regiment  were  killed  or  wounded.  He 
remained  with  his  command  at  Cambridge,  leaving  it  only  two  days  when 
called  home  in  August  to  attend  the  funeral  of  two  of  his  children.  He  was 
the  officer  of  the  day  when  Washington  took  command  of  the  army,  and 
afterwards  became  personally  acquainted  with  his  commander-in-chief,  who 
held  him  in  high  esteem.  It  is  said  that  on  one  occasion,  when  several  officers 
were  complaining  bitterly  of  the  character  of  the  provisions,  Washington 
suggested  that  they  confer  with  Colonel  Moses  Little,  who  liad  not  found  time 
to  allude  to  hardships  of  this  sort.  He  went  with  the  army  to  New  York  after 
the  evacuation  of  Boston,  and  was  present  at  the  disastrous  battle  of  Long 
Island.  He  held  command  of  Fort  Greene,  near  the  center  of  the  American 
line,  before  the  engagement,  and  during  it  was  stationed  at  the  Flatbush  Pass. 
He  also  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Harlem  Heights,  but  did  not  accompany  his 
men  in  the  retreat  through  New  Jersey,  being  detained  by  sickness  at  Feekskill. 

1  By  Professor  George  T.  Little. 


310  History  of  Andeoscoggin  County. 


Durino-  the  winter  he  was  in  command  of  an  important  encampment  at  the 
latter  place,  but  in  the  spring  of  1777  was  forced  to  return  home  on  account  of 
ill  health.  Two  years  later  he  declined  for  the  same  reason  the  commission 
of  brigadier-general  and  the  command  of  an  expedition  raised  by  the  Common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts  to  dislodge  the  enemy  from  their  position  on  the 
Penobscot.  After  his  return  to  Newbury  he  was  pressed  into  the  civil  service, 
and  represented  his  native  town  in  the  legislature  for  several  years,  as  he  had 
done  before  the  war.  In  1781  he  lost,  to  a  large  extent,  his  power  of  speech  by 
a  stroke  of  paralysis.    He  lived,  however,  several  years,  dying  27  May,  1798. 

The  greater  part  of  Colonel  Moses  Little's  land  in  Maine  went  by  inherit- 
ance to  his  eldest  son,  Colonel  Josiah  Little,  who  became  a  leading  proprietor 
of  the  Pejepscot  Company.  Like  his  father  he  was  a  man  of  great  energy 
and  executive  ability.  Every  year  till  he  was  past  80  he  used  to  visit  his 
lands  in  Maine,  driving  over  the  rough  roads  alone  even  after  he  had  lost  one 
hand  by  a  premature  explosion  while  superintending  the  blasting  of  a  passage 
through  the  rapids  on  the  Androscoggin  below  Lewiston.  As  the  claims  of 
the  Pejepscot  Company,  only  established  after  prolonged  litigation,  were  not 
always  acknowledged,  he  was  often  brought  into  unpleasant  relations  with  the 
squatters,  who  were  then  numerous  in  Maine.  Several  of  his  adventures  are 
handed  down,  laughable  enough  were  it  not  that  his  life  was  frequently 
endangered.  He  was  an  earl}'  and  efficient  friend  of  Bowdoin  College,  as  his 
father  before  him  had  been  of  Dartmouth.  His  death,  which  took  place  26 
December,  1830,  was  the  result  of  an  accident  by  which  his  thigh  was  broken. 
In  character  he  was  a  genuine  son  of  the  Puritans.  Honest  towards  God  and 
man,  he  expected  the  same  of  others.  Though  his  indomitable  will  and  a 
certain  brusqueness  of  manner  may  at  times  have  concealed  the  fact,  he  was 
possessed  of  a  warm,  generous  heart.  In  1826  Edward  Little,  the  second  son 
of  Josiah  Little,  moved  to  Danville  and  took  personal  charge  of  his  father's 
property.  For  the  next  twenty  years  no  man  exercised  an  equal  or  a  more 
beneficent  influence  than  he  upon  the  growing  community,  now  the  cities  of 
Lewiston  and  Auburn.  Mr  Little  had  been  educated  at  Phillips  Exeter 
Academy  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1797.  He  had  studied  law  with 
Chief  Justice  Parsons  and  had  practiced  his  profession  with  marked  success 
for  several  years  in  his  native  town  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  serving  repeatedly 
as  delegate  to  the  General  Court,  and  as  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  county. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  publisher  of  the  law  reports  of  the  common- 
wealth, and  gradually  abandoned  his  profession  and  engaged  in  publishing  and 
selling  books.  In  business  he  met  with  reverses,  both  at  Newburyport,  where 
he  lost  nearly  all  his  property  in  the  great  fire  of  1811,  and  subsequently  at 
Portland  where  he  experienced  a  similar  misfortune.  When  he  took  up  his 
residence  at  Lewiston  Falls,  fifty  years  of  life  had  taught  him  the  value  of  moral 
and  intellectual,  as  well  as  of   material  prosperity  to  any  community,  while 


^^"^-^^-^^r^^^ 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  311 

they  had  not  diminished  in  the  slightest  the  energy  and  activity  characteristic 
of  youth  with  which  he  was  ready  to  undertake  any  new  enterprise.  He  also 
felt  the  personal  responsibility  resting  upon  him  as  owner  of  much  of  the 
neighboring  soil.  He  took  special  pains  in  finding  mechanics  and  artisans  of 
good  character  and  encouraging  them  to  settle  in  the  village.  He  started  one 
of  the  first  carpet  mills  in  the  state.  He  was  prominent  in  building  and 
maintaining  the  bridge  across  the  Androscoggin. 

He  was  interested  in  every  endeavor  to  improve  the  magnificent  water- 
power  of  which  he  was  the  owner,  and  when  the  necessity  of  outside  capital 
for  its  complete  development  became  manifest,  he  pursued  a  policy  as  generous 
as  it  was  far-sighted,  selling  at  what  many  would  have  considered  a  nominal 
price,  and  receiving  a  large  part  of  this  in  the  stock  of  the  new  corporation. 
To  the  interest  he  felt  in  education,  ample  testimony  is  given  by  his  establish- 
ing and  endowing  Lewiston  Falls  Academy.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  the  temper- 
ance reform,  held  radical  views  on  the  subject,  and  was  not  slow  to  express  his 
displeasure  with  those  who  persisted  in  the  use  and  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors 
in  the  face  of  the  resulting  evils.  All  his  moral  earnestness  did  not,  however, 
keep  him  from  appreciating  or  occasionally  from  playing  a  joke.  On  one 
occasion  the  violent  ringing  of  the  academy  bell  in  the  early  dusk  had  called 
forth  him  and  many  others,  each  equipped  with  leather  fire-bucket  to  extinguish 
the  conflagration  presumably  raging  somewhere  in  or  about  the  village.  No 
one  knew  or  could  learn  where  it  was.  The  bell  continuing  to  ring  with 
undiminished  vigor,  Mr  Little,  with  the  promptness  that  distinguished  him, 
hastened  to  interview  the  ringer.  This  proved  to  be  a  native  of  the  place 
decidedly  under  the  influence  of  Medford  rum.  In  reply  to  the  question 
"  Where  is  the  fire  ?  "  he  could  only  mumble,  "  Fire  !  Fire  !  Guess  it's  here." 
"  Well,"  said  the  Squire,  "  let's  put  it  out."  And  half-a-dozen  buckets  of  cold 
water  were  promptly  administered  with  decidedly  good  effect.  In  early  life 
Mr  Little's  religious  views  were  inclined  toward  the  Unitarian  wing  of  the 
Congregational  churches,  but  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  Dr  Edward  Payson, 
of  Portland,  his  religious  convictions  were  greatly  deepened  and  his  opinions 
became  in  a  most  pronounced  degree  evangelical.  He  gave  the  land  for  the 
first  church  in  the  village,  met  nearly  one-half  the  cost  of  its  erection,  and  for 
some  time  supported  public  services  practically  at  his  own  expense.  Others 
were  expected  to  contribute  as  they  felt  able,  the  balance  being  supplied  by 
him.  During  the  long  life  of  76  years,  which  closed  on  earth  21  September, 
1849,  he  fulfilled  to  the  letter  the  scripture  motto  aptly  chosen  as  the  text  of 
his  funeral  sermon,  "  Whatsoever  thy  hand  findeth  to  do,  do  with  thy  might." 
No  mention  of  Mr  Little's  life  would  be  complete  without  allusion  to  his  three 
sons  and  to  his  two  daughters,  who,  with  their  husbands,  became  residents  in 
the  village,  were  active  in  the  same  lines  of  work  as  their  father,  and  have  all, 
save  the  youngest,  passed  to  their  reward.     The  eldest  son,  Deacon  Thomas 


312  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

B.  Little,  who  survived  his  father  only  a  few  years,  was  particularly  prominent 
in  business  activities,  engaged  in  trade  and  manufacturing,  and  was  interested 
in  the  purchase  and  sale  of  wild  lands.  He  was  elected  county  commissioner 
of  Cumberland  county  in  1838,  1811,  and  1853.  Of  his  large  family  only  a 
son  and  a  daughter  are  now  living,  the  son,  Henry,  well  known  as  postmaster 
at  Auburn  for  many  years.  The  second  son,^ Deacon  Josiah  Little,  was  a  suc- 
cessful lawyer  at  Minot  and  at  Auburn,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  trade  and 
manufacturing.  He  was  resident  for  a  shorter  period  than  the  others,  but  left 
as  a  silent  witness  of  his  stay  here  the  noble  elms  that  stand  in  front  of  the  Elm 
House,  Auburn,  the  site  of  his  former  home.  Of  his  ten  children  only  one, 
ex-Mayor  Little,  of  Lewiston,  is  now  resident  in  this  county.  The  youngest 
son,  Edward  T.  Little,  was  a  lawyer,  and  for  many  years  judge  of  probate  for 
the  county.  His  widow  and  two  grandchildren  are  residents  of  Auburn.  The 
eldest  daughter,  Hannah,  married  Samuel  Pickard,  and  with  her  husband  is 
held  in  grateful  memory  by  many  of  the  generation  now  passing  off  the  stage 
of  active  life.  Of  their  large  family  one  son,  John  Pickard,  a  shoe  manufact- 
urer, occupies  the  homestead  and  maintains  its  traditions  in  both  church  and 
business  circles.  Mr  Little's  youngest  daughter,  Sarah,  wife  of  Charles  Clark, 
for  many  years  United  States  marshal,  survives  at  an  advanced  age,  and  with 
mental  powers  unimpaired  is  keenly  alive  to  the  interests  of  the  present,  as  she 
has  been  to  those  of  the  past  generation.  By  Mr  Little's  second  marriage  he 
came  to  stand  in  the  place  of  father  to  several  other  residents  of  Danville,  of 
whom  one  only,  Mrs  Harriet  Chase  Reynolds,  the  wife  of  Major  Reynolds,  is 
now  living. 

Bench  and  Bar.^  —  In  the  history  of  Androscoggin  county  the  bench  and 
bar  deserve  a  prominent  place.  Not  only  on  account  of  the  ability  and  learning 
for  which  it  has  been  fairly  and  justly  noted,  but  also  for  the  integrity  and 
honorable  practice  in  the  courts  for  which  it  has  always  been  distinguished. 
At  the  time  of  the  incorporation  of  the  county,  the  members  of  the  legal 
profession  resident  within  its  limits  had,  prior  to  that  time,  practiced  their 
profession  in  the  four  counties  out  of  which  the  towns  forming  this  county  had 
been  taken.  Coming  together  with  somewhat  different  methods  in  the  minor 
details  of  business,  they,  from  the  beginning,  manifested  a  profound  respect 
for  the  dignity  of  the  court,  and  adopted  and  have,  from  that  time  forth,  suc- 
cessfully maintained  a  high  standard  of  practice,  not  only  by  the  most  respectful 
conduct  towards  the  presiding  judges,  but  also  by  honorable  intercourse  with 
each  other,  and  faithfulness  to  the  interests  of  their  clients,  striving  in  an 
eminent  degree  to  accomplish  the  ends  of  justice  in  every  cause,  without 
unnecessary  and  prolonged  litigation.  Some  of  its  members  attained  high 
positions  in  the  courts  of  the  state  and  in  the  councils  of  the  state  and  nation, 
while  others  have  obtained  a  well  deserved  reputation  for  their  intellectual 

^By  Hon.  Nahum  Morrill. 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  313 

abilities  and  accomplishments  as  counselors  and  advocates.  The  influence 
of  the  Androscoggin  Bar  Association,  by  its  honest,  wise,  and  generous  profes- 
sional conduct  and  high  character,  has  promoted  the  pure  and  uncorrupted 
administration  of  the  laws,  the  protection  of  the  rights  and  property  of  the 
people,  and  a  high  standard  of  morals  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  county. 
Many  of  its  early  members  have  passed  beyond  the  bounds  of  time.  They 
have  run  their  course,  and  "after  life's  fitful  fever,  sleep  well." 

Several  gentlemen,  educated  for  the  bar,  were  residents  within  the  limits 
of  the  county  in  the  first  quarter  of  the  present  century,  and  for  a  few  years 
practiced  their  profession,  but  very  early  abandoned  it  for  other  pursuits,  or 
moved  to  other  parts  of  the  state.  Among  them  was  Edward  Little,  son  of 
Josiah  Little,  of  Newbury,  Mass.,  the  proprietor  of  the  Pejepscot  purchase. 
In  early  life  he  practiced  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  was  at  one  time  county 
attorney  of  Essex  county,  but  after  coming  to  Maine  he  was  principally  engaged 
in  prosecuting  other  business,  and,  after  becoming  a  resident  of  Danville,  the 
care  of  his  father's  and  his  own  estates  entirely  engrossed  his  attention.  He 
was  chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  Sessions  in  Cumberland  county  from  1826 
to  1828.  Few  men  in  any  community  have  exerted  a  wider  beneficial  influence. 
He  was  a  man  of  deep  and  abiding  religious  convictions,  and  had  the  courage 
to  defend  his  views  upon  religious  subjects  upon  all  occasions.  He  contributed 
more  than  anv  other  man  to  the  formation  and  maintenance  of  the  Concrres^a- 
tional  church  and  society  at  Lewiston  Falls,  both  by  personal  influence  and 
money.  He  was  the  means  of  founding  and  endowing  Lewiston  Falls  Academy, 
now  known  as  the  Edward  Little  Listitute,  and  is  the  high  school  of  Auburn. 
His  statue  adorns  the  school  grounds  and  park.  He  ardently  espoused  the 
cause  of  temperance  from  the  inception  of  the  crusade  against  the  use  of 
alcoholic  liquors  as  a  beverage,  neither  using  them  himself  or  countenancing  the 
use  by  others.  Every  worthy  young  man  who  became  a  resident  of  the  town, 
engaging  in  laudable  and  legitimate  pursuits,  always  found  a  friend  in  Mr 
Little.  His  memory  will  ever  be  cherished  for  his  disinterested  benevolence, 
public  spirited  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  town  and  community  in  which  he  lived, 
and  as  a  benefactor  of  his  race. 

Josiah  Little,  second  son  of  Edward  and  Hannah  (Brown)  Little,  was 
born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  April  29,  1801,  and  was  seventh  in  descent 
from  his  English  ancestor,  George  Little,  the  line  being  i  George,  2  Moses, 
3  Moses,  4  Moses,  5  Josiah,  e  Edward,  7  Josiah.  He  was  educated  at  Bowdoin 
College,  studied  law  with  his  father,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1822. 
He  practiced  his  profession  in  Minot  and  later  in  Auburn,  where  he  built  the 
Elm  House  and  occupied  it  as  his  residence  until  about  1838.  During  this 
period  he  was  interested  in  and  gave  much  of  his  time  to  the  business  of  the 
Lewiston  Falls  Manufacturing  Company,  of  which  he  was  clerk  and  director, 
and  a  heavy  stockholder.      He  was  a  director  of   Auburn  Bank  and  of  the 


314  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Maine  Central  Railroad,  and  was  agent  of  the  Lewiston  Water-Power  Company 
when  its  property  and  privileges  were  purchased  by  the  Franklin  Company. 
From  the  Elm  House  Mr  Little  moved  to  the  Thompson  farm,  and  later 
purchased  and  occupied  the  house  where  Mayor  Savage  now  lives.  In  1841 
he  disposed  of  his  interests  in  Lewiston  and  Auburn,  and  after  a  few  years' 
residence  in  Winthrop,  where  he  had  purchased  an  interest  in  a  mill,  engaged 
in  the  iron  and  steel  business  in  Portland  as  member  of  the  firm  of  Storer  & 
Little,  and  later  Stevens  &  Little.  After  he  retired  from  active  business  his 
life  was  passed  in  leisure  at  Auburn,  Portland,  and  Newburyport.  He  died 
August  9,  18G5.  Josiah  Little  married  first,  September  2,  1822,  Mary  H. 
Cummings,  of  Norway,  Me;  second,  March  30,  1830,  Nancy  W.  Bradford; 
third.  May  26,  1835,  Sally  Brooks,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Brooks  from 
Scituate,  Mass.,  and  Mehitable  (Raymond)  Brooks,  of  Lyman,  Me,  a  cousin 
of  the  preceding,  and  fourth.  May  25,  1850,  Charlotte  Ann  Brooks,  a  sister  of 
Sally,  who  survives  him.  His  children  were:  Elizabeth  M.  T.,  Edward, 
Francis  B.,  Mary  C,  Josiah,  Nancy  B.,  Horace  C,  and  George.  Horace 
Chapin  Little  was  born  in  Auburn,  January  14,  1840,  and  married,  November 
1,  1860,  Rosa  J.,  daughter  of  Jacob  H.  and  Ellen  (Blake)  Roak  of  Auburn. 
Their  children  are  Nellie  R.  (Mrs  Prof.  Charles  H.  Clark),  Nancy  B.  (Mrs  Dr 
Sherman  G.  Bonney),  Jacob  R.,  Lottie  B.,  Rose,  Lucy.  He  served  in  the  late 
war,  and  was  elected  captain  of  Company  B,  Twenty-third  Maine.  He  has 
been  engaged  in  manufacturing  and  insurance  business,  has  been  postmaster  at 
Lewiston,  and  mayor  in  1888  and  1889.  He  is  prominent  in  Masonic  circles, 
possesses  many  of  the  traits  of  his  father,  and  stands  high  in  public  esteem. 

Josiah  Little  was  a  business  man  of  sound  judgment  and  untiring  energy, 
prompt  and  accurate  in  all  his  dealings,  judicious,  enterprising,  and  successful  in 
the  execution  of  his  far-sighted  plans.  He  believed  it  the  duty  of  every  citizen 
to  make  the  community  better  for  his  having  lived  in  in.  He  was  an  ardent 
advocate  of  morality  and  progress,  deacon  of  the  Congregational  church,  an 
earnest  supporter  of  Christian  institutions  and  ordinances,  and  liberal  in  his 
contributions  for  worthy  objects ;  his  giving  at  one  time  one  thousand  dollars 
for  the  laboratory  of  the  Lewiston  Falls  Acadamy  (of  which  he  was  one  of 
the  trustees)  is  an  evidence  of  this.  His  pleasant  and  winning  manner,  his 
frank  and  honest  countenance,  and  his  rare  conversational  powers,  stamped 
him  as  a  gentleman  by  nature  as  well  as  by  refinement  and  culture,  and  made 
the  stranger  instinctively  his  friend.  In  every  position  in  which  he  was 
placed  in  business  life,  as  well  as  in  the  deeper  and  holier  relations  of  the 
home  circle  as  husband  and  father,  he  exemplified  the  highest  virtues  of  a 
Christian  character.  His  rare  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  made  him  loved 
by  all  who  knew  him,  and  respected  by  many  who  were  acquainted  with  him 
only  by  his  deeds  of  benevolence,  and  the  lapse  of  years  has  not  weakened  the 
affectionate  remembrance  in  which  he  is  held. 


<^<^W^^^  /i/fJiMc: 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  315 

Edward  Tappan  Little,  son  of  Edward  Little,  was  born  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.,  December  29,  1809.  He  came  to  Danville  (now  Auburn)  with 
his  father's  family  and  there  resided  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His  academical 
education  was  acquired  at  the  Portland  Academy,  then  under  the  charge  of 
that  noted  master,  Bazaleel  Cushman,  and  at  the  Gardiner  Lyceum  under  Rev. 
Benjamin  Hale,  D.D.  He  studied  law  with  his  father  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Cumberland  Bar  in  1833.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Lewiston  Falls  Academy  (now 
the  Edward  Little  Institute)  and  contributed  liberally  to  its  endowment.  He 
held  the  otifice  of  selectman  in  Danville  in  1817,  1848,  and  1854;  was  also 
town  agent,  and  a  member  of  the  superintending  school  committee;  was  a 
representative  to  the  state  legislature  from  Danville  in  1847  and  1855,  and 
from  Auburn  in  1864  and  1866.  He  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Maine 
Central  Bailroad  Company,  and  was  also  clerk  of  that  company.  He  was 
judge  of  probate  for  Androscoggin  county  from  June,  1859,  to  January,  1864. 
Judge  Little  was  a  sound  lawyer  and  safe  counselor,  held  in  high  esteem  by 
the  judges  of  our  courts  and  members  of  the  profession,  as  well  as  by  his  fellow- 
townsmen.  He  was  a  public-spirited  citizen  and  used  his  influence  to  promote 
every  enterprise  that  would  benefit  his  town.  He  maintained  through  life  a 
high  character  for  integrity  and  honesty.  No  man  ever  justly  charged  him 
with  dishonorable  conduct,  and  few  men  have  passed  through  life  more 
generally  and  highl}'  respected  by  all  who  knew  them.  He  was  twice  married. 
His  first  wife  was  Miss  Melinda  Adams,  daughter  of  Rev.  Weston  B.  Adams,  of 
Lewiston  Falls.  Their  son,  Edward  Adams  Little,  born  May  15,  1841,  was  a 
merchant  and  manufacturer,  a  director  of  the  First  National  Bank,  a  trustee  of 
Auburn  Savings  Bank,  and  served  as  councilman  of  Auburn.  He  died  April 
14,  1876.  He  married  Susan  M.  Jordan.  Their  children  are  Edwin  T.  (a 
lawyer  of  Denver,  Col.),  Horace  (a  manufacturer  in  Auburn),  and  Mabel. 
His  second  wife  was  Miss  Lucy  Bliss,  daughter  of  Zeba  Bliss,  Esq.,  of 
Taunton,  Mass.  (afterward  of  Auburn),  who,  with  one  son.  Prof.  Geo.  T.  Little, 
of  Bowdoin  College,  survive  him.     He  died  at  Auburn,  November  5,  1867. 

Hon.  Reuel  Washburn  was  born  in  Raynham,  Mass.,  May  21,  1793.  He 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1814.  After  graduating,  he  read  law  with 
Judge  Parris  three  years  and  upon  his  admission  to  the  bar  established  himself 
in  business  at  Livermore,  wliere  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death.  He 
married  Miss  Delia  King  of  Raynham,  Mass.,  October  19,  1820,  who  survived 
him  nine  years.  Soon  after  becoming  a  resident  of  Livermore  he  joined  the 
Oriental  Star  Lodge  of  F.  and  A.  Masons,  of  which  lodge  he  was  Master,  and 
was  also  a  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine,  and  faithfully  observed 
his  obligations  under  all  circumstances,  especially  during  the  dark  days  of 
Masonry,  when  public  prejudice  ran  high  against  the  order.  The  town  of  his 
adoption,  early  recognizing  his  ability,  bestowed  upon  him  municipal  ofiices, 
and  committed  to  him,  in  a  large  measure,  the  direction  and  supervision  of 


316  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


its  financial  affairs.  He  faithfully  and  economically  discharged  the  trust. 
Recognizing  the  importance  of  educating  the  youth  of  the  land,  he  fostered  the 
common  schools.  Deeply  imbued  with  the  sentiments  of  religion,  he  always 
supported  public  religious  worship  according  to  the  Universalist  faith,  not 
only  by  liberal  contributions  of  money,  but,  what  was  of  equal  importance, 
by  constant  attendance  thereon,  and  exemplified  the  purity  and  value  of 
the  religion  he  professed  by  a  correct  life.  He  was  register  of  probate  for 
Oxford  county  from  1821  to  1823,  was  state  senator  from  Oxford  county  in 
1827  and  1828,  and  a  member  of  the  executive  council  in  1829.  He  repre- 
sented Livermore  in  the  state  legislature  in  the  years  1832,  1833,  1834,  1835, 
and  1843.  He  was  general  assignee  under  the  bankrupt  law  of  1841,  and 
judge  of  probate  for  Androscoggin  county  from  1857  to  1859,  and  president  of 
the  Androscoggin  Bar  Association  from  its  organization  until  his  death. 

It  was  as  a  lawyer,  as  well  as  a  public  officer,  that  the  strict  integrity  of  his 
character  appeared.  He  was  a  prudent  and  safe  counselor.  He  deeply 
interested  himself  in  his  clients'  welfare  and  faithfully  advocated  and  protected 
their  interests  by  every  honorable  means.  He  was  most  happy  in  his  family 
relations,  prizing  above  all  things  the  pursuits  and  pleasures  of  the  family 
circle.  When  death  claimed  him,  he  was  in  attendance  upon  the  annual 
town  meeting,  March  4,  1878.  He  had  just  concluded  an  address  to  the 
assembly  upon  a  matter  of  importance  to  the  town,  when,  upon  resuming  his 
seat,  he  yielded  up  his  life.  He  was  faithful  to  every  trust  confided  to  him, 
whether  as  a  citizen,  lawyer,  or  judge. 

Samuel  Moody  was  born  in  York,  May  12,  1799.  He  was  graduated 
from  Harvard  College  in  1823,  studied  law  in  Fryeburg,  in  the  offices  of 
Stephen  Chase  and  Judge  Dana.  He  married  Eliza  Chamberlain  in  1827,  and 
soon  after  marriage  opened  his  office  in  Lisbon,  where  he  resided  the  remainder 
of  his  life.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  in  1832,  and  held  the  office  three 
years.  He  was  county  attorney  for  Lincoln  county,  which  office  he  resigned 
in  1838.  He  was  a  proficient  lawyer  and  advocate.  He  secured  an  extensive 
business  while  he  devoted  himself  to  his  profession.  During  the  latter  part  of 
his  life  he  engaged  in  lumbering,  agriculture,  and  other  occupations,  more  than 
in  his  profession.     He  died  November  28,  1874,  leaving  no  children. 

Hon.  Seth  May  was  born  in  Winthrop,  July  2,  1802.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  Winthrop,  and  at  Monmouth,  Litchfield, 
and  Hallowell  academies.  In  boyhood  he  evinced  considerable  aptitude  for 
learning.  He  possessed  an  active  and  inquiring  mind  which  led  him  in  early 
life  to  form  the  habit  of  thorough  investigation.  The  logical  element  of  mind 
predominated.  With  a  ready  command  of  language  and  the  power  of  discrim- 
ination he  was  forcible  in  arguments,  quick  to  perceive  the  fallacy  or  sophistry 
of  his  opponent,  and  efficient  in  exposing  and  refuting  it.  In  1828  he  entered 
the  office  of   Dudley  Todd,  Esq.,  in  Wayne,  where  he  studied   nearly  three 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  317 

years.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  Maine  in  1831,  and 
subsequently  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  United  States.  He 
commenced  practice  in  Winthrop,  and  continued  until  1855.  He  rose  rapidly 
in  his  profession,  and  his  practice  extended  throughout  the  state.  He  was 
especially  successful  as  an  advocate,  and  possessed  great  skill  in  the  examina- 
tion of  witnesses,  particularly  in  cross-examination,  for  which  he  became  quite 
noted.  As  a  lawyer  it  was  his  particular  forte  to  expose  the  tissue  of  false- 
hood and  the  coloring  of  interest  and  prejudice,  which  so  often  accompany  the 
testimony  of  witnesses  in  court.  In  May,  1855,  he  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  which  he  accepted,  and  discharged  its 
duties  ably,  impartially,  and  acceptably  to  the  public  to  the  end  of  his  term  in 
May,  1862.  He  returned  to  the  practice  of  law,  and  in  1863  moved  his 
residence  to  Auburn,  and  opened  an  office  in  Lewiston  with  his  son,  John  W. 
May,  under  the  firm  name  of  S.  &  J.  W.  May.  He  was  appointed  register  in 
bankruptcy  for  the  second  congressional  district  of  Maine  in  1867,  at  the  time 
the  national  bankrupt  law  of  that  year  went  into  operation,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  February,  1873,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son.  In  his  professional 
life  he  was  associated  with  and  on  terms  of  intimate  personal  friendship  with 
many  prominent  lawyers  of  the  Kennebec  bar  and  other  parts  of  the  state. 

As  a  citizen,  Judge  May  occupied  a  prominent  place.  He  was  liberal, 
public  spirited,  a  friend  to  his  country  and  humanity.  He  was  early  identified 
with  the  anti-slavery  movement,  one  of  the  pioneers  who  did  not  hesitate  to 
speak  and  act  for  that  cause  and  its  advancement  at  a  time  when  it  required 
great  resolution  and  strong  convictions  of  duty  to  encounter  the  opposition 
with  which  it  was  at  first  received.  He  co-operated  with  many  of  the  first 
advocates  in  Maine  of  that  great  national  reform,  among  whom  were  Professor 
Smith,  of  Bowdoin  College,  Rev.  David  Thurston,  of  Winthrop,  and  Gen. 
Samuel  Fessenden,  of  Portland.  Notwithstanding  its  unpopularity,  he  always 
esteemed  it  a  privilege  and  a  pleasure  to  associate  with  and  entertain  the 
courageous  men  wlio  persevered  in  the  hard  work  of  the  early  years  of  the 
cause.     He  died  at  Auburn,  September  20,  1881. 

Jabez  Cushman  Woodman,  born  January  23,  1804,  in  New  Gloucester, 
graduated  from  Bowdoin  in  1822,  soon  began  practice  at  Poland  Corner  and 
moved  to  Minot  Corner  before  1834,  and  subsequently  was  a  resident  of 
Portland.     He  was  a  good  counselor.     He  died  November  8,  1869. 

Horatio  Gates  Cilley  was  a  son  of  Hon.  Horatio  G.  Cilley,  of  Deerfield, 
N.  H.,  from  which  place  he  came  to  Lewiston.  He  was  born  November  26, 
1805.  He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College  in  1826,  and  studied  law 
under  the  direction  of  Hon.  George  Sullivan,  commencing  his  professional  life 
in  Deerfield  in  1830.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  respectable  learning,  a  courteous 
gentleman,  and  was  a  representative  of  Deerfield  in  1851  and  1852.  After 
becoming  a  resident  of  Lewiston  he  did  not  acquire  a  very  extensive  business 


318  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


in  the  practice  of  law.  Having  sufficient  property  for  his  maintenance,  he, 
after  a  few  years,  relinquished  practice.     He  died  March  13,  1874. 

Timothy  Ludden,  son  of  Captain  Levi  Ludden,  was  born  in  Hartford  in 
1807.  He  was  educated  in  common  schools,  and  at  Farmington  Academy, 
under  the  preceptorship  of  Nathaniel  Greene,  A.M.  He  was  engaged  in  trade 
for  a  short  time  in  Peru,  and  for  several  years  was  a  town  officer  in  Peru. 
Having  a  predilection  for  the  legal  profession,  he  read  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
Charles  Andrews,  then  of  Turner,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Oxford 
county  at  the  June  term,  1841,  of  the  Western  District  Court,  and  immediately 
opened  an  office  in  Turner,  where  he  continued  until  1858,  when  he  moved  to 
Lewiston  and  practiced  until  his  decease.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  probate 
for  Oxford  county  in  1852  and  held  the  office  until  1856.  He  was  reporter  of 
the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  1857  and  1858,  comprised  in 
volumes  XLiir.  and  xliv.  of  the  Maine  Reports.  He  married  first,  in  1831, 
Bethia  Fobes,  of  Peru;  second,  in  1837,  Miss  Sara  Conant,  of  Sumner.  He 
died  in  Lewiston  in  March,  1859.  Judge  Ludden  was  a  man  of  studious 
habits,  a  good  lawyer,  and  an  advocate  of  more  than  common  ability.  He 
could  point  with  pride  to  his  ancestry.  His  grandfather,  Joseph  Ludden,  was 
one  of  the  Boston  Tea  Party,  and  his  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Remember  Soule,  was  a  descendant  of  George  Soule,  one  of  the  Pilgrim  band 
that  came  over  in  the  Mayflower  and  landed  on  Plymouth  Rock. 

Hon.  David  Dunn  was  born  in  Cornish,  January  17,  1811,  studied  law 
with  Gov.  John  Fairfield  in  Saco,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Alfred  in 
1833.  In  1834  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Poland,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  doing  an  extensive  business  as  a  lawyer,  and  actively  participating  in 
the  affairs  of  the  town,  holding  for  many  years  town  offices,  viz.:  one  of  the 
selectmen,  clerk,  treasurer,  and  one  of  the  superintending  school  committee.  A 
life-long  Democrat,  he  was  a  representative  from  Poland  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1841,  1842,  1843,  and  1844.  He  was  speaker  of  the  house  of  represen- 
tatives in  1843  and  1844.  In  1843  Gov.  J.  M.  Fairfield  was  chosen  U.  S. 
Senator,  and  was  succeeded  as  governor  by  Hon.  Edward  Kavenagh,  of 
Newcastle,  then  president  of  the  state  senate.  In  December,  1843,  Governor 
Kavenagh's  health  failed  him.  He  resigned  the  office  of  governor  and  died. 
Mr  Dunn,  then  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives,  succeeded  him  and 
held  the  office  of  governor  in  the  last  day  of  1843  and  the  first  day  of  1844. 
He  qualified  the  members  of  the  legislature  of  1844.  Three  of  its  members, 
John  W.  Dana,  Abner  Coburn,  and  Anson  P.  Morrill,  who  then  took  the  oath 
of  office  before  him,  were  afterward  governors  of  the  state.  He  was  treas- 
urer of  Cumberland  county  in  1854,  state  senator  from  Cumberland  county 
in  1845  and  184(5,  and  president  of  the  senate  in  1846.  In  1857  he  was 
appointed  a  clerk  in  the  Post-Office  Department  at  Washington,  holding  that 
position  until  1861.     Mr  Dunn  is  a  ready  speaker  and  advocate,  genial  and 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  319 

pleasant  in  his  intercourse  with  his  associates  —  a  man  of  "infinite  jest."  He 
is  the  oldest  member  of  the  county  bar  at  the  present  time,  and  active  in  the 
duties  of  his  profession. 

George  W.  Chase  was  born  in  Bridgton,  May  18,  1815.  When  he  was 
six  months  old  his  father  moved  to  Portland,  and  died  there.  He  resided  in 
Portland  nntil  he  was  16  years  old,  when  his  mother  married  the  late  Hon. 
Edward  Little.  He  then  came  to  reside  in  Danville,  now  Aubnrn.  He  was 
educated  at  Portland,  Belgrade,  and  Fryeburg  academies  and  Bowdoin  College, 
and  studied  law  with  Mr  Little.  In  1838  he  went  to  Dixon,  111.,  and  was  there 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  married  Miss  Jennete  Clark  at  St  Louis,  Mo.,  Sep- 
tember 30,  1841,  after  which  he  moved  to  Baton  Rouge,  La,  and  there  taught 
school  three  years.  From  there  he  returned  to  Danville,  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1850  he  represented  the  district  composed  of 
Danville  and  New  Gloucester  in  the  legislature  of  Maine.  In  1852  he  founded 
and  edited  the  Democratic  Advocate  (see  History  of  the  Press).  He  was  an 
eloquent  advocate,  a  terse  and  vigorous  writer,  and  was  highly  esteemed  by 
all  his  associates.     He  died  July  17,  1853. 

John  Goodenow,  son  of  Hon.  Rufus  Goodenow,  was  born  in  Paris,  Feb- 
ruary, 1817.  He  was  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class  of  1836. 
He  then  studied  law  with  his  father  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Oxford 
county  at  the  November  term,  1838,  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He 
commenced  practice  at  Hiram.  Afterwards  he  had  an  office  at  South  Paris, 
and  subsequently  at  Auburn.  He  had  a  position  for  some  time  in  the  Custom 
House  in  New  York  City.  In  later  years  he  has  resided  in  Baltimore,  Md. 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  Appleton,  daughter  of  General  James  Appleton,  of 
Portland. 

Calvin  Record  was  born  in  Minot,  now  Auburn,  February  27,  1819. 
His  academical  education  was  acquired  at  the  Lewiston  Falls  Academy  and 
the  Maine  Wesley  an  Seminary.  He  pursued  his  legal  studies  with  James  O. 
L.  Foster,  Esq.,  of  Lewiston ;  was  admitted  to  the  Cumberland  County  Bar  iu 
April,  1849.  He  began  business  in  Lewiston  and  continued  practice  there  and 
in  Auburn  until  1889,  when  he  went  to  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  where  he  is  now 
established  as  a  lawyer.  His  residence  while  in  Maine  was  in  Auburn  and 
Danville.  He  was  connected  in  business  in  Auburn  and  Lewiston  with  Judges 
Walton  and  Luce  from  January  6,  1856  to  1861,  and  with  L.  H.  Hutchin- 
sou,  Esq.,  from  July  1,  1871,  to  March,  1875.  He  was  one  of  the  superin- 
tending school  committee  in  Auburn  in  1848,  and  of  Danville  in  1852  and 
1853 ;  one  of  the  selectmen  of  Danville  in  1854  and  1855,  and  represented  the 
Danville  and  Minot  district  in  the  state  legislature  in  1856. 

Mr  Record  has  always  affiliated  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  convention  held  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  April,  1860,  and 
at  the  adjourned  convention  held  at  Baltimore  in  June  following,  and  was 


320  History  of  Andeoscoggin  County. 


also  a  delegate  to  the  first  convention  after  the  war,  held  in  Philadelphia  in 
August,  1866,  when  all  the  states  were  represented.  He  devoted  a  great  deal  of 
time  and  services  in  the  establishment  of  Androscoggin  county,  and  assisted 
in  drawing  the  bill  establishing  the  county  which  was  passed  by  the  legislature 
of  1854.  As  a  lawyer  Mr  Record  is  thorough  and  careful  in  the  preparation 
of  his  causes,  and  an  able  advocate.  He  is  esteemed  by  his  brethren  at  the 
bar,  and  all  others,  for  his  kindly  disposition  and  agreeable  social  qualities. 

Hon.  C.  W.  Walton,  who  has  attained  such  high  reputation  on  the  bench, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843.  Elected  county  attorney  for  the  county  of 
Androscoggin  in  1857,  was  representative  to  Congress  in  the  second  congres- 
sional district  in  1860,  appointed  judge  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  1862, 
and  re-appointed  in  1869.     He  was  for  some  years  a  resident  of  Auburn. 

Judge  Nahum  Morkill,  son  of  Colonel  John  A.  Morrill,  was  born  at 
Limerick,  Me,  October  3,  1819.  He  was  educated  at  Limerick  Academy, 
Kimball  Union  Academy,  Meriden  Village,  N.  H.,  and  one  year  in  Dartmouth 
College.  He  studied  law  with  his  uncle,  Hon.  Moses  McDonald,  of  Limerick, 
Samuel  Bradley,  Esq.,  of  Mollis,  Me,  and  a  few  months  with  Hon.  John 
McDonald,  of  Bangor,  and  Charles  P.  Chandler,  Esq.,  of  Foxcroft,  Me.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Piscataquis  county,  at  the  District  Court  for  the 
Eastern  District,  held  at  Dover,  Me,  on  the  fourth  Tuesday  of  March,  1842. 
A  few  months  thereafter  he  commenced  practice  in  Wells,  Me,  where  he 
remained  about  two  years,  and  then  moved  to  Durham.  Ilemaining  there 
about  two  years,  he  came  to  Lewiston  Falls,  now  Auburn,  August  26,  1846, 
and  since  that  date  has  been  a  resident  of  Danville  and  Auburn.  He  was 
appointed  judge  of  probate  March  29,  1854,  by  Governor  William  G.  Crosby, 
and  held  that  office  until  it  was  made  elective,  when  he  declined  to  be  a 
candidate.  He  was,  without  solicitation  on  his  part,  appointed  provost 
marshal  of  the  second  district  of  Maine,  September  27,  1864,  and  held  that 
office  until  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  llebellion,  receiving  an  honorable 
discharge  October  31,  1865.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  Circuit  Court  of 
the  United  States  at  Portland,  July  1,  1868.  While  residing  in  Durham  he 
was  one  of  the  superintending  school  committee  one  year,  and  held  the  same 
office  one  year  in  Danville.  He  is  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Edward  Little  Institute,  also  president  of  the  Androscoggin  Bar  Association, 
both  of  which  offices  he  has  held  several  years  last  past.  He  has  been  several 
times  appointed  by  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  auditor,  referee,  and  special 
master  in  chancery  to  hear  and  determine  actions  of  considerable  importance, 
and  requiring  careful  investigation.  He  is  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  N.  & 
J.  A.  Morrill.  He  was  married,  April  30,  1851,  to  Miss  Anna  I.  Littlefield, 
daughter  of  Walter  Littlefield,  Esq.,  of  Wells,  Me. 

Major  Josiah  Dunn  Pulsifer  was  born  near  Worthley  brook  in  Poland, 
May  13,  1820.     His  father,  Moses  R.  Pulsifer,  was  a  physician  of  ability,  and 


^^^^^>^  ^/^cr>^^/^ 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  321 

his  mother,  Mary  Strout  (Dunn)  Pulsifer,  was  a  daughter  of  Hon.  Josiah 
Dunn,  a  man  of  prominence.  In  1823  Dr  Pulsifer  removed  to  the  island  of 
Mt  Desert,  where  Josiah  attended  the  town  schools  until  at  14  years  he 
became  a  student  at  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  at  Kent's  Hill,  where  he 
was  fitted  for  college  and  took  part  of  the  first  year's  college  course.  He 
entered  Waterville  College  in  1<S3!>,  but  did  not  remain.  From  this  time  for 
some  years  his  principal  business  was  teaching.  (His  first  school  was  taught 
at  Mechanic  Falls,  when  he  was  15.)  In  1810,  1841,  and  1842  he  was  prin- 
cipal of  the  high  school  at  Minot  Corner.  During  these  years  he  had  been 
studying  law  with  Jabez  C.  Woodman,  of  Minot,  James  O'Donnell,  of  Cray, 
and  Codman  &  Fox,  of  Portland.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  state  at 
Portland  in  May,  1843,  and  at  once  began  practice  at  Somesville  in  Hancock 
county.  Legal  business  being  neither  extensive  nor  highly  remunerative,  Mr 
Pulsifer  taught  the  graded  school  at  Ellsworth,  the  next  winter,  and  after- 
wards attended  Harvard  law  school,  and  then  located  as  an  attorney  in 
Columbia,  Maine,  where  he  remained  until  1849,  the  last  four  years  being 
postmaster.  During  this  time  he  became  interested  in  Pitman's  system  of 
phonograi)hy,  and  devoted  all  of  his  spare  time  to  the  practice  of  this  art,  in 
which  he  became  skilled.  In  the  fall  of  1849  he  joined  a  company  of  40  (of 
which  he  was  a  director)  that  purchased  a  bark  of  250  tons,  a  river  steamboat, 
a  cargo  of  lumber,  two  years'  provisions,  etc.  They  took  the  steamer  apart, 
loaded  it  in  the  bark,  and  went  to  California,  arriving  there  in  June,  1850. 
Selling  out,  the  company  separated,  Mr  Pulsifer  going  to  the  mines,  where  he 
dug  gold  one  year,  and  came  back  to  Maine.  Soon  after,  he  engaged  in  trade 
at  Minot  Corner  for  three  yeai's,  and  was  postmaster,  selectman,  etc.  In  1854 
he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  courts  of  the  new  county  of  Androscoggin.  His 
term  was  for  three  years  from  January  1,  1855.  He  was  twice  re-elected.  In 
February,  1864,  he  was  appointed  paymaster  in  the  U.  S.  service  with  the  rank 
of  major,  and  was  in  active  duty  until  mustered  out  in  1865. 

The  value  of  stenographic  reporting  in  the  courts  of  Maine  had  impressed 
itself  on  the  leading  jurists,  and  Major  Pulsifer  was  invited  by  Judge  Walton 
to  pass  the  winter  of  1866-7-  at  Augusta  and  aid  in  procuring  the  passage 
of  an  act  authoi'izing  the  employment  of  stenographic  reporters  by  the 
courts.  This  act  was  passed  in  the  spring  of  1867,  and  Major  Pulsifer  was 
appointed  court  stenographer  and  for  a  year  was  the  only  one  employed. 
From  the  first  he  has  been  continuously  engaged  in  reporting  court  proceed- 
ings in  every  county  and  under  nearly  every  judge  in  Maine,  and  was  reporter 
of  decisions  for  four  years.  He  was  official  reporter  of  the  state  senate  in 
1867  and  of  the  house  in  1868.  January  1,  1855,  Mr  Pulsifer  removed  to 
Auburn,  where  he  now  resides.  He  married  May  24, 1848,  Helen  A.,  daughter 
of  Willard  H.  Woodbury, of  Minot.  They  have  five  children:  Abbie,  Pitman, 
Woodbury,  Cornelia,  and    Harriet.      Major    Pulsifer   li.as   been   interested  in 


322  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


education,  and  has  served  with  ability  on  the  school  boards  of  Columbia, 
Minot,  and  Auburn.  He  has  given  his  children  educational  advantages ;  they 
are  thoroughly  conversant  with  stenography,  and  all  have  reported  for  the 
courts.  Pitman  and  Woodbury  are  at  this  writing  clerks  of  important 
committees  of  the  U.  S.  Senate.  Abbie  is  reporting  for  the  courts,  and  Cornelia 
is  stenographer  for  the  Ara  Cushman  Company.  The  children  have  all  fol- 
lowed their  father's  profession  with  marked  ability.  Major  Pulsifer  is  the 
father  of  stenography  in  Maine,  one  of  its  earliest  teachers  in  New  England, 
and  as  an  instructor  is  unrivaled. 

Richard  Dresser  was  born  in  Cape  Elizabeth,  Me.  The  family  came 
to  that  place  from  Gloucester,  Mass.  His  paternal  grandfather  with  his  two 
brothers  participated  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  and  other  engagements  of 
the  Revolution.  From  his  tenth  year  Mr  Dresser  resided  in  Danville  for  four 
years,  then  in  Pownal  until  1854,  when  he  made  his  home  in  Auburn.  His 
education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools.  When  19  years  old  he  began 
teaching  and  taught  twelve  successive  winters.  He  was  a  carpenter  until 
1850.  After  that  time  he  carried  on  the  daguerreotyping  and  photographing 
business  about  14  years.  While  engaged  in  this  he  gave  his  leisure  time  to 
reading  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Auburn  in  May,  1868.  During 
his  residence  in  Pownal  he  was  one  of  the  superintending  school  committee 
several  years,  and  served  one  term  as  selectman.  From  1850  to  1854  he  was 
county  commissioner  of  Cumberland  county.  He  was  at  various  times 
lieutenant,  captain,  and  major  in  the  militia.  He  has  held  the  offices  of  town 
clerk  and  treasurer  of  Auburn  seven  years,  and  assessor  four  years.  In  1875 
he  was  appointed  judge  of  Auburn  Municipal  Court,  in  which  office  he  still 
continues,  discharging  its  duties  conscientiously  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
community.  In  1847  Judge  Dresser  married  Mary  A.  Hammond,  of  New 
Gloucester.     They  have  had  two  children. 

Ai>EL  BoYNTON  was  a  practicing  lawyer  at  Little  River,  now  Lisbon  Falls, 
for  some  years  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  town.  After  him  came  one 
Stowell  who  remained  but  a  short  time,  and  was  succeeded  by  one  Alden  who 
made  but  a  short  sojourn. 

Samuel  Gooch  came  to  Lisbon  in  1822,  practiced  in  Lisbon  till  1827, 
when  his  place  was  taken  by  Samuel  Moody. 

Stetson  L.  Hill.     [See  page  255.] 

Hon.  William  Wheeler  Bolster  was  born  in  Rumford,  Me,  July  6, 
1828.  He  is  the  son  of  General  Alvan  Bolster,  of  Ixumford.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  the  academies  of  Bethel,  Me,  and 
Peacham,  Vt,  where  he  fitted  for  college,  teaching  in  various  towns  in 
Maine  and  Vermont  in  vacations.  In  February,  1845,  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law  with  Isaac  Randall,  Esq.,  and  Judge  Walton,  at  Dixfield.  He 
graduated  from  Harvard  Law  School  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  August  25,  1847, 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  323 

and  is  a  member  of  the  Harvard  Law  Association.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  April  15,  1846,  at  the  April  term  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in 
Portland,  and  entered  upon  his  professional  duties  at  East  Rumford,  and 
resided  there  till  October,  1852,  when  he  moved  to  Dixfield,  where  he  followed 
his  profession  for  the  next  twenty  years.  In  October,  1872,  he  came  to 
Auburn,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  A.  M.  Pulsifer,  with  their  law 
office  in  Lewiston.  He  has  practiced  with  success  in  Oxford,  Franklin, 
Androscoggin,  and  Cumberland  counties.  While  in  Dixfield  he  was  senior 
member  of  the  law  firms  of  Bolster  &  Ludden,  Bolster  &  Richardson,  Bolster 
&  Wright.  In  September,  18(51,  he  was  elected  county  attorney  for  Oxford 
county;  re-elected  in  1804  for  three  additional  years.  In  1871  he  compiled  the 
"  Tax  Collector  and  Form  Book  "  ;  in  1880  the  "  Tax  Collector's  Book."  Both 
are  in  general  use  throughout  the  state.  In  connection  with  these  works,  he 
compiled  an  "  Invoice  and  Valuation  Book,"  an  "  Assessment  Book,"  a  "  Tax 
Collector's  Book,"  and  a  "  Highway  Surveyor's  Book  "  for  the  use  of  town 
officials.  Since  the  adoption  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  1883,  they  have  been 
revised  by  him  and  adapted  to  the  present  law. 

While  living  in  Rumford  and  Dixfield  he  served  several  terms  in  each 
town  as  a  member  of  the  superintending  school  committee.  In  1877-8  he 
was  alderman  in  tlie  city  government  of  Auburn;  for  three  years  after  he  was 
city  solicitor.  In  May,  1848,  he  received  the  appointment  of  clerk  in  the 
office  of  secretary  of  state,  which  office  he  held  by  annual  appointment  until 
1858,  with  the  exception  of  a  single  year.  During  two  sessions  of  the  legisla- 
ture he  discharged  the  duties  of  miscellaneous  clerk,  and  throughout  six  other 
sessions  he  had  charge  as  engrossing  clerk  of  the  engrossing  department;  in 
1857  the  statutes  of  Maine  were  revised,  and  the  engrossment  of  the  revised 
code  was  under  his  supervision.  For  a  year  and  a  half  he  was  commission 
clerk,  which  office  he  resigned  in  May,  1858,  on  account  of  ill  health.  In 
September,  1868,  he  was  elected  state  senator  from  Oxford  county;  re-elected 
in  1869,  and  in  1870  was  chosen  president  of  the  senate.  January  15,  1873, 
he  was  appointed  state  bank  examiner,  and  re-appointed  February  2,  1876, 
holding  the  office  six  years.  In  January,  1883,  he  was  elected  to  the  executive 
council  for  two  years.  February  5,  1885,  he  was  appointed  a  trustee  of  the 
State  Iveform  School;  re-appointed  February  6, 1889,  he  now  holds  the  office. 

February  17,  1849,  he  was  elected  and  commissioned  first  lieutenant  in 
Company  A  of  the  Rumford  Riflemen,  of  the  Second  Brigade  of  the  Sixth 
Division  of  Maine  Militia.  July  12,  1851,  he  was  promoted  to  the  captaincy, 
which  he  resigned  and  was  honorably  discharged  April  16,  1852.  October  3, 
1864,  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  division  advocate,  with  the  rank  of 
major,  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  W.  Wirt  Virgin — now  Judge  Virgin  — 
who  commanded  the  Third  Division  of  the  State  Militia.  This  post  he  lield 
during  General  Virgin's  term  of  office.     At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion 


324 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


in  1861,  under  orders  from  General  Virgin,  lie  was  actively  engaged  in  organ- 
izing the  militia  composing  the  Third  Division.  In  1846  he  joined  the  Sons 
of  Temperance  and  has  ever  since  identified  himself  with  temperance  reform. 
December  9,  1856,  at  Livermore,  he  was  admitted  to  the  third  degree  of 
Masonry  in  Oriental  Star  Lodge.  Since  August,  1878,  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Little  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company  of  Auburn.  At  the  organization 
of  the  American  Banking  and  Trust  Company,  succeeding  the  Maine  Mortgage 
Loan  Company,  he  was  elected  its  president,  which  office  he  now  holds. 

In  religion  he  is  a  Universalist;  in  politics,  a  Republican.  Before  the 
organization  of  the  Republican  party  he  was  a  Democrat.  In  August,  1852,  he 
was  a  member  of  and  actively  participated  in  the  memorable  county  convention 
of  anti-slavery  Democrats,  Free  Soilers,  and  Whigs,  which  met  at  Norway  and 
formed  the  l{ei)ublican  party,  and  then  first  nominated  a  full  set  of  county 
officers.  \Vhile  in  practice  Mr  Bolster  attained  and  maintained  a  high  rank  as 
a  lawyer,  and  conducted  trials  of  important  causes.  In  later  years  he  has 
devoted  more  time  to  other  pursuits  than  to  his  profession,  but  still  occasion- 
ally appears  in  court.  He  was  married  October  15,  1848,  to  Martha  Hall, 
daughter  of  Joseph  Adams,  M.D.,  of  Rumford.  She  died  August  20,  1866. 
August  17,  1868,  he  married  Florence  Josephine,  daughter  of  Colonel  Lewis 
Reed,  of  Mexico. 

Asa  p.  Moore  was  born  in  Portland,  August  23,  1823,  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  I*ortland.  After  leaving  school  he  went  to  sea  and 
rose  to  the  position  of  first  officer  of  a  ship.  Becoming  weary  of  a  life  upon 
the  ocean,  he  left  that  occupation,  removed  to  Lisbon,  and  entered  upon  the 
study  of  law.  While  pursuing  his  studies  his  services  were  often  required  as 
a  magistrate,  land  surveyor,  and  conveyancer.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Androscoggin  county  in  April,  1860,  and  began  business  as  a  lawyer  immedi- 
ately thereafter  at  Lisbon,  succeeding  Samuel  Moody,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  was  supervisor  of  schools  from  1851  to  1855,  inclusive.  He 
married,  July  12,  1847,  Miss  Susan  P.  Andrews,  of  Lisbon,  now  deceased. 

Hon.  Charles  William  Goddard,  son  of  Henry  Goddard,  Esq.,  was 
born  in  Portland,  December,  1825.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Portland,  and  was  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class  of  1844. 
He  read  law  in  the  office  of  Howard  &  Shepley,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Cumberland  county,  October,  1846,  began  practice  in  Portland,  remaining 
there  about  three  years,  when  he  came  to  Auburn,  having  his  office  in  Lewiston, 
where  he  was  in  active  practive  16  years,  with  the  exception  of  four  years, 
when  he  was  U.  S.  Consul-General  in  Constantinople.  He  was  appointed 
the  first  county  attorney  for  Androscoggin  county  in  1854,  and  held  the 
office  to  and  including  1857,  during  which  time  he  was,  on  account  of  the 
feeble  health  of  the  attorney-general,  the  leading  counsel  for  the  state  in  the 
famous  trial  of  George  Knight  for  the  murder  of  his  wife ;  he  was  a  member 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  325 

of  the  state  senate  from  Androscoggin  county  in  1858  and  1859,  and  the  last 
year  was  its  president;  was  appointed  U.  S.  Consul  to  Constantinople  in  1861, 
which  office  he  held  until  1864.  In  1866  he  moved  from  Auburn  to  Portland. 
In  1867  he  was  placed,  by  appointment  of  Governor  Chamberlain,  on  the 
commission  for  the  equalization  of  municipal  war  debts  of  the  state.  The  same 
year  he  was  appointed  justice  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cumberland  county 
and  held  that  office  until  1871,  when  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Portland, 
which  position  he  held  twelve  years.  In  1872  Judge  Goddard  was  appointed 
to  the  lectureship  on  medical  jurisprudence  in  the  Medical  School  connected 
with  Bowdoin  College,  and  was  afterwards  chosen  by  the  boards  of  the  college 
professor  in  that  department.  In  1881,  by  a  resolve  of  the  legislature,  he  was 
appointed  commissioner  to  revise  the  general  and  public  laws  of  the  state 
of  Maine.  The  duties  of  that  commission  were  discharged  with  great  faithful- 
ness and  ability.  He  was  a  director  of  the  American  Peace  Society  and  a 
member  of  the  Association  for  the  Reform  and  Codification  of  the  Law  of 
Nations.  He  married  first,  Caroline  R.  Little,  daughter  of  Hon.  Thomas  B. 
Little,  of  Auburn,  who  died  in  1853.  In  1857  he  married  Rowena  C.  Morrill, 
daughter  of  ex-Governor  Anson  P.  Morrill,  of  Readfield,  who  survives  him. 
He  died  in  Portland,  March  9,  1889.  Judge  Goddard  was  a  gentleman  of 
unquestioned  integrity,  honest  and  faithful  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  and 
possessing  great  decision  of  character.  He  believed  that  the  laws  of  tlie  land 
should  be  enforced,  and  acted  upon  that  principle  without  fear,  favor,  or 
affection  for  any  party  brought  before  him,  always  striving  to  deal  out  exact 
justice  in  every  case.  He  possessed  a  fine  literary  taste,  was  learned  in  the 
law,  an  accomplished  gentleman,  a  sound  lawyer,  eloquent  advocate,  upright 
judge,  a  warm  friend,  and  agreeable  companion. 

Hon.  Thomas  Amory  Deblois  Fessenden,  son  of  General  Samuel 
Fessenden,  was  born  at  Portland,  January  23,  1826.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  at  North  Yarmouth  Academy,  and  passed  his  freshman  year  in 
Dartmouth  College,  the  other  three  at  Bowdoin,  and  was  graduated  in  1845. 
He  then  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Willis  &  Fessenden,  Portland. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Cumberland  county  in  April,  1848,  and  then 
opened  an  office  at  Mechanic  Falls.  In  1850  he  moved  to  Auburn  and  formed 
a  copartnership  with  Judge  Morrill,  wliich  continued  eight  years,  afterwards 
with  Hon.  William  P.  Frye,  which  lasted  ten  years.  He  was  delegate  to  the 
Ivepublican  National  Conventions  which  nominated  General  Fremont  in  1856, 
and  General  Grant  in  1868.  He  was  elected  representative  from  Auburn  to 
the  Maine  legislature  in  1861;  was  elected  county  attorney  in  1861,  which 
position  he  held  until  elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  Hon.  Charles  W.  Walton,  resigned.  In  1868  he  was  chosen  presi- 
dential elector.  He  married  Miss  Elizabeth  R.  Titcomb,  daughter  of  Silas 
Titcomb,  Esq.,  of  Lewiston.     He  died  in  Auburn,  September  28, 1868.     The 


326  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

historian  of  Bowdoin  College  makes  the  following  just  estimate  of  his  char- 
acter: "Possessing  a  fine  person,  winning  manners,  easy  address,  he  was  well 
fitted  to  wield  influence  over  men,  was  successful  at  the  bar  and  in  legislative 
debate.  With  a  character  marked  by  true  nobility,  scorning  intrigue  or 
duplicity,  of  great  purity  and  integrity,  and  of  a  genial  humor,  he  had  the 
confidence  of  men." 

Cyrus  Knapp,  of  East  Livermore,  son  of  Joseph  and  Deborah  Cushman 
Knapp,  was  born  in  Kingfield,  January  4,  1827.  His  mother  was  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Andrew  Cushman,  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  He  attended  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  town  until  he  was  18  years  of  age,  when  lie 
entered  Monmouth  Academy,  where  he  continued  until  1849.  During  his 
connection  with  Monmouth  Academy  he  taught  common  and  singing  schools 
in  the  winters.  After  leaving  school  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  in  the 
office  of  Judge  Seth  May,  in  Winthrop.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Kennebec  county,  October,  1852.  In  March,  1853,  he  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Livermore  Falls.  The  following  year  he  was  elected  one 
of  the  superintending  school  committee  of  East  Livermore,  and  held  the  office, 
by  successive  elections,  ten  years,  and  later  was  chosen  supervisor  of  schools 
for  two  years.  March  2I>,  1854,  he  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Crosby,  clerk 
of  the  courts  of  Androscoggin  county,  which  office  he  held  two  years.  He 
was  elected  representative  to  the  state  legislature  from  East  Livermore  in 
1858  and  1871.  April  7,  1871,  he  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Perhara,  judge 
of  probate  for  Androscoggin  county,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  occasioned  by 
the  resignation  of  Judge  Luce,  and  subsequently  was  elected  to  the  same 
office,  which  he  held  one  term.  He  moved  to  Auburn  in  September,  1873, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  October,  1875,  when  he  returned  to 
Livermore  Falls,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  married  Miss  Ellen  S.  Luce, 
daughter  of  Oren  and  Ellen  C.  Luce,  then  of  Livermore  Falls.  Judge  Knapp 
does  not  devote  his  whole  time  to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  but  he  is  a 
lawyer  of  no  mean  ability,  an  ingenious  and  successful  advocate,  and  has  been 
a  prominent  attorney  at  the  Androscoggin  bar. 

John  W.  May,  son  of  Hon.  Seth  May,  was  born  in  Winthrop,  January  21, 
1828.  He  was  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1852.  He  read  law  with 
his  father  in  Winthrop,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Kennebec  county  in 
1857.  He  practiced  in  Winthrop  until  1863,  when  he  removed  to  Auburn,  and 
continued  practice  with  his  father,  under  the  firm  name  of  S.  &  J.  W.  May, 
in  Lewiston  until  1873.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  U.  S.  Circuit 
Court  at  Portland  in  1867,  was  appointed  register  in  bankruptcy  in  1873,  and 
held  that  office  until  the  repeal  of  the  bankruptcy  law  in  1878.  He  married, 
in  1861),  Miss  Hattie  B.  Wiggin,  daughter  of  Dr  H.  L.  K.  Wiggin,  of  Auburn. 
Mr  May,  while  not  entirely  relinquishing  the  practice  of  his  profession,  has  for 
several  years  past  given  his  attention  to  the  management  of  his  estate.     He  is 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  327 

a  gentleman  of  fine  literary  tastes,  and  has  written  several  humorous  and  other 
poems,  a  volume  of  which  was  published  by  him  a  few  years  since  and  was 
received  with  marked  favor  by  his  friends,  for  whose  pleasure  it  was  printed. 

Albion  K.  P.  Knowlton  was  born  at  New  Portland,  Me,  December  10, 
1829.  He  fitted  for  college  at  Hebron  Academy,  and  was  graduated  at  Colby 
University,  then  Waterville  College,  in  1854.  He  was  principal  of  Thomaston 
Academy  from  1856  to  1859,  and  of  the  Lewiston  High  School  from  1860  to 
1863.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860,  having  read  law  in  the  office  of 
Fessenden  &  Frye,  and  has  always  practiced  his  profession  in  Lewiston.  He 
was  judge  of  the  Lewiston  Municipal  Court  from  1872  to  1876,  and  alderman 
of  Lewiston  in  1871,  188(>,  and  1887.  He  is  Past  Master  of  Ilabboni  Lodge, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  Past  High  Priest  of  King  Hiram  R.  A.  Chapter,  and  a  member 
of  Dunlap  Council  and  Lewiston  Commandery,  K.  T. 

Bartlett  C.  Frost,  son  of  Oliver  P.  and  Esther  Frost,  was  born  in 
Leeds.  He  emigrated  from  the  state  several  years  since  and  is  now  attorney- 
at-law  and  solicitor  in  chancery  at  Phillipsburg,  N.  J.,  and  has  attained 
prominence  in  his  profession. 

Hon.  Mandeville  Treat  Ludden  was  born  at  Canton,  Me,  February 
17,  1830.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at  Maine  Wesleyan 
Seminary.  He  studied  law  with  Hon.  Timothy  Ludden,  of  Turner,  and  grad- 
uated at  the  Harvard  Law  School  in  1854.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Androscoggin  county,  August,  1854,  and  was  the  first  one  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  the  county  after  its  incorporation.  January  1,  1856,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Jewett,  at  Kent's  Hill,  who  survives  him.  He  commenced  practice  at 
Turner  with  Hon.  Timothy  Ludden.  In  1869  he  moved  to  Lewiston,  where 
he  resided  until  his  decease.  In  1863  he  was  elected  county  attorney  of 
Androscoggin  county  and  re-elected  in  1864.  In  1867  and  1868  he  was  elected 
state  senator.  He  was  city  solicitor  of  Lewiston  from  1871  to  1881,  was  a 
member  of  the  common  council  and  of  the  board  of  aldermen,  and  was  elected 
mayor  in  1881.  Bowdoin  C^ollege  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts,  in  1880.  Mr  Ludden  died  at  Lewiston,  September  21,  1882. 
The  appendix  to  volume  79  of  Maine  Reports  contains  a  truthful  biographical 
sketch  of  Mr  Ludden,  written  by  his  partner.  Col.  F.  M.  Drew,  from  which  the 
following  is  taken:  — 

Mr  Ludden  was  an  able  counselor  and  a  successful  advocate In  his  practice, 

while  he  was  faithful  to  his  client,  he  did  not  forget  that  in  the  temple  of  justice  he  was 
also  a  priest  to  guard  its  sacred  shrine.  ...  He  was  a  kind  and  generous  man.  How- 
ever humble  or  poor,  no  one  ever  in  vain  solicited  his  services  from  want  of  intiueuce  or 
money,  and  no  client  was  ever  oppressed  for  payment  of  the  compensation  he  had  justly 
earned.  .  .  .  But  above  all  these  good  qualities  and  virtues,  as  the  heavenly  is  above  the 
earthly,  he  was  a  Christian  man  .  .  .  respected  and  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Hon.  William  P.  Frye,  LL.D.,  son  of  Colonel  John  M.  Frye,  born  at 
Lewiston,  September  2,  1831,  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class 


328  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

of  1850,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Lincoln  county  at  the  October  term  of  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court,  1852.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1861, 
1862,  and  1867;  was  mayor  of  Lewiston  in  1866  and  1867;  was  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  of  Maine  in  1867,  1868,  and  1869;  was  elected  member  of 
the  National  Republican  Executive  Committee  in  1872,  re-elected  in  1876,  also 
in  1880;  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Bowdoin  College  in  June,  1880 ;  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Bates  College  in  July,  1881 ;  was  presidential  elector 
in  1864;  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Conventions  in  1872, 1876, 
and  1880;  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Committee  of  Maine 
in  place  of  Hon.  James  G.  Blaine,  resigned,  in  November,  1881 ;  was  elected  a 
representative  from  the  second  district  in  Maine  in  the  Forty-second,  Forty- 
third,  Forty -fourth.  Forty-fifth,  Forty -sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses; 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  as  a  Republican,  to  iill  the  vacancy 
occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Hon.  James  (1.  Blaine  (appointed  Secretary  of 
State),  and  took  his  seat  March  18,  18<S1;  was  re-elected  in  1883,  also  in  1889. 
Mr  Frye  married  Miss  Caroline  F.  Spear,  of  Rockland,  daughter  of  Captain 
Archibald  Spear.  He  has  been  a  leading  member  of  the  Androscoggin  bar 
from  the  date  of  the  incorporation  of  the  county,  a  successful  advocate,  a 
brilliant  orator,  and  among  the  foremost  of  the  Republican  leaders  in  the 
country,  maintaining  a  high  position  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  as  a  legislator  and 
statesman. 

Hon.  Enos  T.  Luce  was  born  in  Wilton,  January  27,  1832.  The  expenses 
for  his  education  were  obtained  by  his  own  labors,  teaching  school  and 
working  in  a  mill.  He  fitted  for  college  at  Farmington  Academy,  and  was 
graduated  from  Bowdoin  in  185('>.  In  December,  1866,  he  became  principal  of 
Lewiston  Falls  Academy  for  one  year.  He  studied  law  with  Hon.  Nathan 
Clifford,  of  Portland,  and  Record  &  Walton  in  Auburn.  He  was  admitted  to 
practice  as  an  attorney  January  27,  1859,  and  became  a  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Ivecord,  Walton  &  Luce.  Mr  Walton  was  elected  to  Congress  in 
1860,  and  retired  from  the  firm.  The  firm  of  Record  &  Luce  continued  until 
September,  1862,  when  Mr  Luce  entered  the  army  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Twenty-third  Maine.  He  was  in  the  army  until  July,  1863.  The  next  fall  he 
was  elected  judge  of  probate.  He  continued  the  practice  of  law,  occasionally 
taking  a  hand  in  politics,  until  1869,  when  he  was  appointed  U.  S.  assessor  of 
internal  revenue  for  the  Second  District  of  Maine.  In  1869  he  was  a  member 
of  the  common  council  of  Auburn,  also  one  of  the  superintending  school  com- 
mittee. In  1871  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  municipal  court,  Lewiston,  and 
resigned  the  office  of  judge  of  probate.  In  1872  he  published  the  Maine  Probate 
Manual  for  the  use  of  practitioners  in  the  })rol)ate  courts.  The  manual  is  in  use 
in  most  of  the  counties  of  the  state.  In  1873  he  was  connected  with  the  U.  S. 
geological  survey  of  Colorado.  In  1874  he  moved  to  Somerville,  Mass.,  and 
practiced  law  in   Boston  until  1881,   when  he   was    appointed  judge    of   the 


i 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  329 

Second  District  Court  of  Eastern  Middlesex,  holden  at  Waltham,  Mass.,  where 
he  now  resides.  He  has  served  on  the  school  boards  of  Somerville  and  Wal- 
tham, and  for  several  years  has  been  president  of  the  Waltham  Savings  Bank. 
While  in  Auburn  and  Lewiston  his  attainments  as  a  lawyer  secured  him  the 
respect  of  the  courts,  the  esteem  of  his  brethren  at  the  bar,  and  the  confidence 
of  his  clients,  and  he  was  highly  respected  for  his  honorable  character,  and  for 
his  interest  in  and  efforts  for  the  intellectual,  moral,  and  material  welfare  of 
the  two  cities.  Judge  Luce  married  first,  Mrs  Phebe  L.  Adams,  of  Wilton, 
who  died  in  1874 ;  second,  Miss  Sarah  J.  Mills,  in  1879. 

Seth  D.  Washburn,  son  of  Reuel  Washburn,  was  born  at  Liverraore, 
June  21, 1832.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town  and 
at  Farmington  Academy.  He  studied  law  with  his  father  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county  in  January,  1861.  He  married  Miss  Julia 
C.,  daughter  of  Job  Chase,  Esq.,  of  Livermore,  March  8,  1871.  He  practiced 
his  profession  for  about  twelve  years,  when  he  abandoned  the  law  for  agriculture. 
While  he  takes  a  deep  interest  as  a  citizen  in  whatever  appears  to  be  beneficial 
to  his  native  town,  he  has  steadily  refused  all  offices,  although  frequently 
solicited  to  accept  tliem  at  the  hands  of  his  fellow-citizens,  devoting  himself 
to  the  management  of  his  private  affairs.  He  is  esteemed  by  his  townsmen 
and  all  others  who  know  him  as  an  honorable  man. 

Augustus  M.  Pulsifer,  son  of  Moses  Rust  Pulsifer,  M.D.,  formerly  of 
Poland,  and  Mary  Strout  (Dunn)  Pulsifer,  was  born  in  Sullivan,  June  15, 
1834,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class  of  1858.  He  read 
law  with  Record,  Walton  &  Luce,  in  Auburn,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Androscoggin  county  in  September,  1860.  He  has  served  as  chairman  of  the 
school  board,  and  as  president  of  the  common  council  of  the  city  of  Auburn. 
He  was  county  attorney  from  1870  to  1873,  inclusive,  and  was  one  of  the 
projectors  and  a  director  of  the  Auburn  Aqueduct  Company.  The  Little 
Androscoggin  Water-Povver  Company  was  organized  by  him  in  1870,  and  he 
has  been  a  director  and  its  treasurer  and  clerk  since  its  formation.  Mr  Pulsifer 
retains  his  connection  with  the  liar  Association,  but  liis  duties  as  au  officer  of 
the  Little  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company  liave  so  engrossed  his  atten- 
tion and  occupied  his  time  that  he  has  rarely  undertaken  the  conduct  of  trials 
in  the  courts.  He  married  July  2,  1863,  Harriet,  daughter  of  George  W. 
Chase,  Esq.,  of  Auburn.  They  have  seven  children,  the  eldest  of  whom, 
Jeanie  Deane  Pulsifer,  is  an  artist;  and  the  next,  James  A.  Pulsifer,  is  a  grad- 
uate of  Colby  University,  class  of  1888,  and  of  the  National  Law  School  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  class  of  1891. 

John  I).  Stetson  was  born  in  Durham  in  March,  1835,  and  was  grad- 
uated from  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class  of  1858.  He  taught  the  Lewiston 
High  School  four  years,  then  read  law  in  the  office  of  Fessenden  &  Frye, 
and  was  admitted  to  the   bar  in  Androscoggin  county,  January,  1860.      He 


330  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

commenced  practice  in  Lewiston,  remaining  there  until  1877,  when  he  removed 
to  Red  Wing,  Minn. 

Marshal  Dixey  Chaplin  was  born  in  Bridgton,  October  IS,  183(i.  He 
fitted  for  college  at  the  North  Bridgton  Academy,  graduated  from  Bowdoin 
College  in  the  class  of  1860,  studied  law  with  Hon.  Henry  C.  Peabody,  of 
Portland,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Cumberland  bar,  January,  1864,  and 
commenced  practice  in  Lewiston,  where  he  continued  in  business  until  his 
decease.  He  came  to  his  death  by  being  burned  in  his  lodging  room  adjoining 
his  office  on  Lisbon  street  in  Lewiston,  on  the  night  of  December  3,  1870. 
Mr  Chaplin  was  rather  retiring  in  his  habits.  A  gentleman  of  fine  literary 
tastes  and  ac(|uirements,  his  kindly  disposition  secured  him  many  friends. 

Emery  ().  Bicknell  was  born  in  Paris,  March  30,  1837,  was  educated 
at  the  Oxford  Normal  Institute  and  Bethel  Academy,  and  took  a  special 
academic  course,  covering  a  part  of  a  college  course.  He  read  law  with 
Record,  Walton  &  Luce,  at  Auburn,  was  admitted  to  the  Androscoggin  bar, 
September,  I860,  and  commenced  practice  in  Lewiston.  In  June,  1869,  he 
located  in  Boston,  where  he  is  in  practice.  He  was  elected  county  attorney 
of  Androscoggin  county  in  1866,  and  held  the  office  three  years.  He  married 
Margaretta  Tracy,  June  24,  1868,  at  Lisbon. 

CoL.  Franklin  M.  Drew  was  born  in  Turner,  July  19,  1837,  was  fitted 
for  college  at  Hebron  Academy,  and  was  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in 
1858.  He  read  law  with  Bradbury,  Merrill  &  Meserve  in  Augusta,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Kennebec  county  April  3,  1861.  He  had  been  assistant 
clerk  of  the  Maine  house  of  representatives  in  1860-1,  and  in  June,  1861,  he 
began  practice  in  Presque  Isle,  Aroostook  county.  In  August  he  was  nominated 
for  county  attorney,  but  deciding  to  enter  military  service  the  nomination  was 
declined.  Volunteering  for  three  years'  service  October  22,  1861,  he  was  com- 
missioned captain  of  Co.  G,  15th  Regt  Me  Vols,  promoted  major  September  10, 
1862,  and  was  mustered  out  at  expiration  of  service,  January  26,  1865,  and 
brevetted  colonel  U.  S.  V.  for  "faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war."  Returning  to  civil  life  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Brunswick 
and  in  1886-7  was  clerk  of  the  Maine  house  of  representatives.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  secretary  of  state  and  served  four  years,  and  in  1872,  1873,  1874, 
1875  was  U.  S.  pension  agent  at  Augusta.  In  October,  1878,  he  formed  a  law 
partnership  with  Hon.  M.  T.  Ludden  in  Lewiston  (who  died  in  1882),  and 
has  been  in  practice  in  that  city  since,  admitting  L.  G.  Roberts,  Esq.,  as  a 
partner  in  1891.  He  was  elected  judge  of  probate  for  Androscoggin  county  in 
1888  and  assumed  office  January  1, 1889.  Colonel  Drew  has  been  identified  with 
all  the  movements  tending  to  the  betterment  of  the  community  and  country, 
has  been  active  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and  was  department 
commander  in  1889;  has  been  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  ex-officio 
member  of    the   board   of    overseers   of    Bowdoin    College   since    1865;  is  a 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  331 

member  of  the  Maine  Historical  Societ}'-,  and  is  prominent  in  Christian  labors 
and  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work. 

Willaed  Francis  Estey  was  born  at  North  Easton,  Mass.,  August  30, 
1839.  He  was  educated  in  public  schools  and  at  Phillips  Exeter  Academy, 
where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  18G2,  and  afterwards  read  law  three  years 
with  the  Hon.  Ellis  Ames,  at  Canton,  Mass.,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  Massachusetts  courts  in  February,  186G,  at  Dedham;  in  1870  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States,  at  Boston.  In  1883  he 
removed  to  Lewiston,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  Maine,  in  April,  1885, 
at  Auburn,  and  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Dana  &  Estey,  Lewiston. 
He  has  practiced  law  at  Hyde  Park  and  Boston,  Mass.,  and  was  a  member  of 
tlie  firms  of  Estey  &  Andrews  and  Estey  &  Terry.  From  18G8  to  1872  he 
held  the  commission  of  trial  justice  for  Norfolk  county,  and  served  on  the 
boards  of  school  committee  in  Dedham  and  Hyde  Park,  Mass.,  for  a  number 
of  years.     He  married  a  daughter  of  William  Withington. 

John  B.  Cotton  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  August  3,  1841,  and 
soon  after  his  parents  moved  to  Clinton,  Mass.,  remaining  until  he  was  18, 
when  his  father  removed  to  Lewiston.  He  fitted  for  college  at  Lewiston  Falls 
Academy,  and  by  the  liberality  of  John  C.  Bradbury,  Esq.,  of  Saco,  for  whom 
he  was  named,  lie  was  enabled  to  pursue  his  collegiate  course  at  Bowdoin 
College,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1865.  He  read  law  at  Lewiston  in  the 
office  of  Messrs  Fessenden  &  Frye,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  September, 
1866.  Upon  the  decease  of  Mr  Fessenden,  in  1868,  he  became  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Frye  &  Cotton,  and  continued  in  this  firm  and  that  of  Frye,  Cotton 
&  White  until  1889,  when  he  was  appointed  assistant  attorney-general  of  the 
United  States,  charged  with  the  defense  of  the  government  in  the  court  of 
claims,  and  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C.  He  served  one  terra  upon  the 
school  committee  and  one  year  in  the  common  council  while  a  resident  of 
Lewiston.     He  married  a  daughter  of  Mark  Lowell,  Esq.,  of  Lewiston. 

Hon.  Thomas  Hawes  Haskell  was  born  in  New  Gloucester,  May  18, 
1842.  He  fitted  for  college  at  Paris  Hill  Academy  and  Norway  Liberal 
Institute,  to  enter  in  the  fall  of  1862;  but,  being  drafted  into  the  army, 
served  nine  months  in  the  Twenty-fifth  Maine.  In  the  summer  of  1863  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  Nahum  Morrill  and  continued  until 
admitted  to  the  bar,  February  1,  1865.  He  then  became  partner  of  his 
instructor  until  he  removed  to  Portland,  July  5,  1866,  with  Hon.  Charles  W. 
Goddard,  where  they  continued  as  law  partners  until  the  latter  was  appointed 
to  the  superioj-  bench  in  1868,  when  he  joined  in  professional  business  Hon. 
William  W.  Thomas,  Jr,  until  February  1,  1878;  then  Hon.  Nathan  Webb 
took  him  as  copartner,  until  he  was  appointed  to  the  bench  of  the  U.  S. 
District  Court  in  February,  1882,  when  Edward  Woodman,  of  Portland, 
succeeded  to  the  firm.     They  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice  until  Mr  Haskell 


332  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

was  appointed  to  the  supreme  bench  of  the  state,  March  31,  1884.  He  took 
his  seat  upon  the  bench  the  next  April,  in  Androscoggin  county,  where  he  had 
been  admitted  to  the  bar  19  years  before.  Judge  Haskell  served  two  terms  in 
the  common  council  of  Portland,  and  twice  as  county  attorney  for  Cumberland 
county  by  appointment  from  the  court,  and  once  by  appointment  from  the 
governor.  He  is  the  youngest  member  of  the  bench.  He  is  a  grand-nephew 
of  the  late  Chief  Justice  Whitman,  of  the  same  bench,  through  his  mother,  and 
on  his  father's  side  is  descended  from  the  Parsons  family,  so  well  known  to  the 
profession  in  Massachusetts. 

Charles  E.  Wing  was  born  in  Livermore,  July  2,  1842.  He  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Livermore,  and  several  years  of  his  early  life  were 
employed  in  teaching  and  as  a  traveling  salesman,  in  both  of  which  occupations 
he  won  success.  When  34  years  old  he  entered  the  employment  of  his  brother, 
Hon.  George  C.  Wing,  with  whom  he  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Auburn  in  April,  1877.  He  immediately  became  a  partner  of  his 
brother,  forming  the  firm  of  George  C.  &  Charles  E.  Wing,  with  offices  in 
Auburn,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  his  profession,  devoting  himself  chiefly 
to  office  business,  but  occasionally  conducting  (and  creditably)  causes  in  court 
as  an  advocate.  He  married,  November  11,  1872,  Harriet  F.  Stevens,  of 
Fayette.     He  is  a  staunch  Republican,  but  has  never  sought  office. 

Adelbert  D.  Cornish,  of  Lewiston,  was  born  at  Lisbon,  February  3, 
1843.  After  a  thorough  preparatory  course  of  study  he  entered  Bowdoin 
College,  remained  until  the  close  of  his  sophomore  year,  and  then  read  law  in 
the  office  of  Bicknell  &  Stetson,  of  Lewiston,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
April,  1868.  He  was  elected  city  solicitor  in  1873  and  1874,  was  a  member 
of  the  common  council  in  1881  and  1882,  and  was  president  of  the  common 
council  in  1882.  He  was  a  representative  from  Lewiston  in  1874,  and  was 
appointed  judge  of  Lewiston  Municipal  Court  in  187<),  which  office  he  has 
continued  to  hold  by  successive  appointments. 

Hon.  Liberty  H.  Hutchinson  was  born  in  Milan,  N.  H.,  March  1,  1844. 
He  was  the  son  of  Edwin  F.  Hutchinson,  then  of  Milan,  afterwards  of  Auburn, 
Me.  His  early  life  was  passed  upon  his  father's  farm,  in  the  labors  and  amid 
the  homely  and  simple  circumstances  usually  incident  to  life  upon  a  farm  in 
the  more  remote  and  secluded  country  towns.  His  early  education  was 
received  in  the  district  school.  After  this  preliminary  training  on  farm  and 
in  school,  and  with  some  experience  as  a  teacher  in  the  district  schools,  he 
entered  Lancaster  Academy,  Lancaster,  N.  H.,  in  August,  1864,  where  he 
finished  his  preparation  for  college  in  May,  18(57.  In  the  latter  year 
he  entered  Bates  College.  He  left  college  in  1870,  and  immediately  began 
his  law  studies  in  the  office  of  Hon.  M.  T.  Ludden.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  October,  1870,  and  opened  an  office  in  Auburn,  where  he  remained 
until  July  1,  1871,  when  he  formed  a  copartnership  with  Hon.  Calvin  Record 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar. 


in  Lewiston,  as  Record  &  Hutchinson.  This  copartnership  was  dissolved  in 
March,  1875,  and  a  new  firm  organized,  composed  of  Mr  Hutchinson  and  A. 
R.  Savage,  as  Hutchinson  &  Savage.  W.  W.  Sanborn,  Esq.,  was  at  one  time 
a  member  of  the  firm,  then  Hutchinson,  Savage  &  Sanborn.  At  another  time 
Frank  D.  Hale  was  a  member  of  the  firm,  at  which  time  it  was  Hutchinson, 
Savage  &  Hale.  Mr  Hutchinson  resided  in  Auburn  from  1867  to  1876,  and 
later  in  Lewiston.  He  was  a  member  of  the  superintending  school  committee 
of  Auburn,  and  served  upon  the  school  committee  and  in  both  branches  of  the 
city  council  of  Lewiston.  He  was  representative  from  Lewiston  in  1879, 1880, 
and  1881,  and  while  serving  for  the  third  session  was  speaker.  His  health 
soon  after  failed,  and  he  died  September  8,  1882.  He  married  Mary  W. 
Emery,  of  Clinton,  Mass.,  by  whom  he  had  five  children,  Annie  L.,  Albert  S., 
Edwin  L.,  Mary  E.,  and  Grace. 

Hon.  Jesse  M.  Libby,  of  Mechanic  Falls,  was  born  in  Danville  (now 
Auburn),  March  28,  1846.  He  was  educated  at  the  Nichols  Latin  School  and 
Bates  College,  graduating  from  Bates  in  the  class  of  1871.  He  read  law  in 
the  ofhce  of  Strout  &  Holmes,  at  Portland,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Androscoggin  county  in  Septeud:)er,  1874.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Lewiston,  where  he  remained  six  months,  and  then  moved  to 
Mechanic  E'alls  where  he  has  since  continued  business.  He  has  held  the  office 
of  supervisor  of  schools  in  Poland,  and  represented  Poland  in  the  legisla- 
ture in  1878.  He  was  county  attorney  for  Androscoggin  county  from  1887  to 
181)1,  and  at  the  September  election  of  1890  he  was  elected  state  senator  for 
the  years  1891  and  1892.  He  was  one  of  the  corporators  of  the  Maine  State 
Bar  Association.  In  December,  1871,  he  married  Miss  Kittie  E.,  daughter  of 
Hon.  Luther  Perkins,  of  Poland,  Me. 

Isaac  W.  Hanson  was  born  in  Farndngton,  N.  H.,  May  13,  1846.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Nichols  Latin  School  and  was  graduated  from  Bates 
College  in  1870.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  S.  M.  Wheeler,  Esq.,  of  Dover, 
N.  H.,  and  in  the  office  of  Hon.  M.  T.  Ludden  in  Lewiston.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county  in  September,  1872,  and  immediately 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Mechanic  Falls.  He  was  elected 
clerk  and  treasurer  of  Poland  in  1877,  and  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Androscog- 
gin county  in  1879,  holding  the  last  named  office  by  successive  elections  to  the 
present  time.  He  is  courteous,  competent,  and  satisfactory  as  an  official.  He 
was  married  November  29,  1871,  to  Miss  Alice  Perkins,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Luther  Perkins  of  Poland. 

Hon.  George  C.  Wing  was  born  in  Livermore,  April  16,  1847.  He  fitted 
for  college,  studied  law  with  Henry  C.  Wentworth,  Esq.,  at  Livermore  Falls, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county  in  April,  1868.  He  soon 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Lisbon  Falls,  where  he  remained  two 
years,  then  came  to  Auburn,  and  became  junior  partner  of  the  firm  of  Morrill  & 


334  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Wing,  which  firm  continued  six  years.  He  married,  May  2,  1870,  Emily  B. 
Thompson,  of  Livermore.  After  dissolving  his  connection  with  Mr  Morrill, 
he  formed  a  copartnership  with  his  brother,  Charles  E.  Wing,  which  still  con- 
tinues. He  served  as  a  member  of  the  superintending  school  committee  of 
Auburn,  in  1872  and  1873,  and  was  city  solicitor  for  1878,  1879,  1880,  1881, 
1885,  and  1887.  He  was  one  of  the  corporators  of  the  National  Shoe  and 
Leather  Bank,  of  Auburn,  in  1875,  since  which  time  he  has  been  one  of  its 
directors.  He  was  elected  county  attorney  in  1872,  and  judge  of  probate  in 
1875,  re-elected  in  1879,  and  appointed  to  the  same  office  by  Governor  Robie 
for  1881.  Mr  Wing  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  state  committee  during 
the  presidential  campaign  in  1884,  and  chairman  of  the  Republican  state  dele- 
gation to  the  convention  held  at  Chicago,  which  nominated  Hon.  James  G. 
Blaine  for  President.  He  was  Judge  Advocate  General  on  the  staff  of  both 
Governor  Bodwell  and  Governor  Marble,  and  has  been  from  its  organization 
president  of  the  Maine  Benefit  Association.  He  was  one  of  the  corporators 
of  the  Maine  State  Bar  Association. 

Hon.  Albert  R.  Savage,  son  of  Charles  Wesley  and  Eliza  M.  (Clough) 
Savage,  was  born  in  Ryegate,  Vt,  December  8,  1847,  and  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  College  in  1871.  August  17,  1871,  he  married  Nellie  Hale  of 
Concord,  Vt.  Mr  Savage  taught  school  in  Northwood,  N.  H.,  and  Northfield, 
Vt,  studying  law  during  vacations  in  the  office  of  Carpenter  &  Plumley, 
in  Northfield.  In  1875  he  came  to  Auburn,  was  admitted  to  the  Androscoggin 
bar,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Lewiston  in  partnership  with  Hon. 
L.  H.  Hutchinson.  The  death  of  Mr  Hutchinson  in  1882  dissolved  the  firm, 
and  a  short  time  afterwards  the  firm  of  Savage  &  Oakes  was  formed,  Henry 
W.  Oakes  becoming  the  junior  partner.  Mr  Savage  was  a  member  of  the 
school  committee  of  Auburn  in  1881  and  1882;  was  appointed  county  attorney 
in  1881  and  elected  to  the  same  office  in  1882;  was  judge  of  probate  in 
]8(S5,  188(5,  1887,  1888;  representative  to  the  legislature  in  1891,  and  one  of 
the  corporators  of  the  Maine  State  Bar  Association,  and  is  one  of  its  vice- 
presidents.  He  was  mayor  of  Auburn  in  1889,  1890,  and  in  1<S91  was  a  third 
time  called  to  preside  over  the  affairs  of  the  municii)ality,  whose  interests  he 
had  ably  and  honestly  served.  Mr  Savage  is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  People's 
Savings  Bank,  Lewiston  ;  president  of  Auburn  Loan  and  Building  Association, 
Lewiston  and  Auburn  Electric  Light  Company,  and  has  been  president  of  the 
Calumet  Club  of  Lewiston.  He  is  a  member  of  Abou  Ben  Adhem  Lodge,  L  (). 
O.  F.,  and  Eureka  Lodge,  K.  of  P.  He  is  a  prominent  Mason,  a  member  of 
I'ranquil  Lodge,  Bradford  Chapter,  Dunlap  Council,  and  Lewiston  Command- 
ery.  He  has  been  for  the  past  two  years  Supreme  Dictator  of  the  Knights  of 
Honor  of  the  United  States,  discharging  the  delicate  and  responsible  duties  of 
the  head  of  an  order  numbering  150,000  members,  with  ability,  discrimination, 
and  faithfulness.     As  a  man,  a  citizen,  and  a  lawyer.  Judge  Savage  is  widely 


'1^, 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  335 

known  and  highly  esteemed.  His  accurate  knowledge  alike  of  the  broad 
principles  and  narrower  technicalities  of  the  law,  his  industry,  his  fidelity  to 
his  clients,  his  quick  perception  of  the  strong  points  of  his  own  and  the 
weakness  of  his  adversary's  case,  his  never-failing  tact  and  good  humor  before 
a  jury,  make  him  a  formidable  antagonist  at  the  bar.  His  knowledge  of  public 
affairs,  and  his  steady  adherence  to  and  commanding  ability  in  the  defense  of 
the  principles  and  measures  which  to  him  seem  right,  have  given  him  promi- 
nence in  the  political  world,  and  marked  him  for  rapid  promotion.  But  it  is 
among  those  intimately  acquainted  with  him,  who  know  his  sunny  temper, 
his  kind  heart,  his  deeds  of  charity,  that  he  finds  his  warmest  friends. 

Wallace  Humphrey  White,  son  of  John  and  Mary  A.  White,  was  born 
in  Livermore,  September  4,  1848.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  Frye  &  Cotton, 
Lewiston,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county,  and  established 
himself  in  Lewiston  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Frye,  Cotton  &  White.  Mr 
White  was  county  attorney  from  1875  to  1880,  representative  in  the  legislature 
from  Lewiston  in  1883,  assistant  U.  S.  Attorney  for  tlie  state  of  Maine  in  the 
Alabama  court  of  claims,  and  has  held  various  city  oflices.  Mr  White  is  an 
attorney  of  ability,  learned,  careful,  and  is  the  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of 
White  &  Carter.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Maine  State  Bar  Association. 

Seth  May  Carter,  grandson  of  Judge  Seth  May,  was  born  in  Winthrop. 
He  prepared  for  the  legal  profession  in  Lewiston,  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1877,  and  is  now  the  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  White  &  Carter,  Lewiston. 
Mr  Carter  has  been  city  solicitor  of  Auburn,  has  been  a  member  of  the 
governor's  council,  and  was  one  of  the  corporators  of  the  Maine  State  Bar 
Association.  Mr  Carter  is  an  able  lawyer,  judicious  in  counsel,  and  has  been 
entrusted  with  the  interests  of  powerful  corporations  before  the  legislature. 

Charles  M.  Ham  was  born  at  Lisbon  in  1853.  He  graduated  from 
Westbrook  Seminary  in  1S76,  and  two  years  later  was  admitted  to  the 
Androscoggin  bar  from  the  office  of  Frye,  Cotton  &  VVIiite,  Lewiston.  He 
has  since  practiced  his  profession  at  Lisbon  Falls.  He  has  been  supervisor  of 
schools,  and  has  held  various  other  town  offices.  Li  1891  he  represented 
Lisbon  and  Webster  in  the  legislature. 

Nathaniel  H.  Woodbury  was  born  at  Danville,  now  Auburn,  April  2, 
1849.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Auburn,  and  in  the  seminary 
department  of  Bates  College.  He  studied  law  with  Pulsifer  &  Bolster,  at 
Lewiston,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county  in  September, 
1880,  and  has  since  practiced  his  profession  in  Auburn.  Mr  Woodbury  was 
elected  to  the  common  council  of  Auburn  in  1877  and  1878,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  school  committee  from  1878  to  1889,  with  the  exception  of  one 
year,  and  for  several  years  was  supervisor  of  the  rural  schools  of  Auburn. 

C.  V.  Emerson  was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  October  22,  1849.  He  was 
educated    at  Yarmouth,    North   Anson,    and    Hebron    academies,    and    Bates 


336  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


College,  and  was  graduated  from  Bates  College  in  the  class  of  1877.  He  read 
law  in  the  office  of  Hutchinson  &  Savage,  Lewiston,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Androscoggin  county  in  April,  1882,  and  immediately  commenced 
practice  in  Lewiston.  He  was  city  solicitor  of  Lewiston  for  the  year  1889, 
and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Lewiston  board  of  health  since  1887.  He 
is  also  a  director  and  clerk  of  the  Stanley  Dry  Plate  Company.  He  was 
appointed  clerk  of  the  Lewiston  municipal  court  in  1890,  after  the  decease  of 
Mr  Laughton. 

Levi  Greenleaf  was  born  in  Stark,  December  30,  1840.  He  fitted  for 
college  at  Bloomfield  Academy,  Skowhegan,  and  Nichols  Latin  School,  Lew- 
iston. He  taught  several  years  in  the  public  schools  and  then  entered  the 
scientific  course  at  Westbrook  Seminary,  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1873.  He  studied  law  with  Hon.  S.  S.  Brown,  of  Waterville,  and  Hon.  Josiah 
H.  Drummond,  of  Portland;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Somerset  county  in 
April,  1876,  and  immediately  opened  an  office  in  Pittsfield  for  the  practice  of 
law.  Mr  Greenleaf  was  supervisor  of  schools  during  his  residence  in  Pittsfield, 
and  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen,  assessors,  etc.,  for  two  years.  Li  1879 
he  was  elected  county  attorney  of  Somerset  county  for  three  3^ears.  He 
removed  to  Lewiston  in  June,  1884,  and  has  devoted  himself  to  his  profession. 

J.  Wesley  Mitchell  was  born  in  Auburn,  November  5,  1850.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Auburn,  and  was  a  teacher  for  six  years. 
He  read  law  at  Lewiston  with  Record  &  Hutchinson,  and  Hutchinson  & 
Savage,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county  in  October, 
1875.  Mr  Mitchell  was  a  member  of  the  superintending  school  committee  in 
1881,  and  was  city  clerk  of  Auburn  from  1881  to  1886,  and  from  1887  to  1890. 
He  now  holds  the  office  of  attorney  for  the  Auburn  Loan  and  Building 
Association.     He  married  Mary  F.  Getchell  of  Winthrop. 

Francis  Orrin  Purington,  son  of  Elisha  Purington,  was  born  in  Embden, 
August  10,  1852.  He  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class  of  1880. 
He  then  taught  school  in  Topsham  one  year,  and  at  Mechanic  Falls  three 
years.  In  the  meantime  he  studied  law  with  Weston  Thompson,  Esq.,  of 
Brunswick,  and  Jesse  Libby,  P^sq.,  of  Mechanic  Falls ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  September,  1884,  in  Androscoggin  county,  and  has  since  practiced  his 
profession  at  Mechanic  Falls.  He  has  been  supervisor  of  schools  in  Minot 
three  years,  and  represented  Minot  and  Durham  in  the  legislature  in  1889-1890. 
He  married  Addie  E.,  daughter  of  Samuel  E.  Smullen,  Esq.,  of  Harpswell. 

Fred  O.  Watson  was  born  in  Wilton,  November  26,  1852.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Auburn,  and  read  law  with  Pulsifer  & 
Bolster  at  Lewiston,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  January,  1879;  then 
commenced  and  has  since  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Lewiston. 
He  was  clerk  of  the  common  council  of  Auburn  from  1883  to  1886  inclusive, 
and  a  member  of  the  school  committee  of  Auburn   for  the  years  1877  and 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  337 

1888.  He  was  elected  register  of  probate,  September,  1888,  and  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  his  office,  January  1, 1889.     He  married  Miss  Florence  A.  Neal. 

Frank  W.  Dana,  of  the  law  firm  of  Dana  &  Estey,  was  born  in  Lubec, 
March  25,  1858,  and  acquired  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Lewiston 
and  Bowdoin  College.  He  studied  law  with  Morrill  &  Wing  in  Auburn,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Androscoggin  bar  in  April,  1875.  He  opened  an  office  in 
Lisbon,  where  he  practiced  his  i)rofession  a  few  years,  and  then  moved  to 
Lewiston,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  held  the  office  of  judge  advocate 
general  of  the  state  militia  under  Covernor  E.  C.  Burleigh,  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Lewiston  and  Auburn  street  railway  since  1885. 

Nathan  W.  Harris,  son  of  Nathan  C.  Harris,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Minot, 
July  8,  1858.  He  was  graduated  from  Bates  College  in  1878,  after  which  he 
took  the  post-graduate  course  at  Yale  College,  and  received  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  from  that  institution  in  1875.  He  read  law  in  Lewiston  with  Frye, 
Cotton  &  White,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  April,  1877,  in  Androscoggin 
county.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Lewiston,  remaining 
there  two  years,  and  then  moved  his  office  to  Auburn,  where  he  has  since 
continued  his  business.  He  has  been  in  the  city  government  of  Auburn  four 
years,  in  the  common  council  two  years,  was  alderman  in  1880  and  1881, 
was  president  of  both  boards,  and  city  solicitor  in  1890.  He  is  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  American  Banking  and  Trust  Company  of  Auburn,  and 
treasurer  of  the  Maine  Benefit  Association ;  also  one  of  the  trustees  of  Bates 
College.  He  held  the  office  of  register  of  probate  in  Androscoggin  county 
from  1880  to  1888.  He  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Maine  Benefit  Association 
in  January,  1891,  succeeding  Mr  Lowell  in  that  office.  He  has  been  twice 
married.  His  first  wife  was  Miss  Marilla  H.  Smith,  of  Lewiston;  his  second 
wife  was  Miss  Edith  S.,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Conant,  Esq.,  of  Auburn. 

Frank  L.  Noble,  of  Lewiston,  was  born  in  Fairfield.  He  received  his 
education  in  common  schools  and  at  Bates  College.  He  was  for  two  years 
member  of  the  common  council,  and  the  second  year  was  president  of  the 
board.  He  is  a  Republican,  was  a  member  of  the  Republican  committee  for 
1891,  and  represented  Lewiston  in  1887  and  1891.     He  is  an  able  advocate. 

Tascus  Atwood,  son  of  Harrison  Atwood,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Auburn, 
February  8,  1854.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Auburn, 
and  was  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1876.  He  taught  two  years  in 
the  high  schools  of  Hiram  and  Lubec,  the  Mattanawcook  Academy,  Lincoln, 
and  the  high  school  at  Hammonton,  N.  J.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  J.  W. 
Mitchell,  Esq.,  of  Auburn,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county. 
May  G,  1879,  and  immediately  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
his  native  city,  where  he  has  since  remained.  He  held  the  office  of  city 
solicitor  for  the  year  1888,  and  county  attorney  for  the  years  of  1885  and 
1886.     He  married  Helen  E.  Jameson,  of  Lincoln. 


338  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


William  H.  Newell  was  born  in  Durham,  April  16,  1854.  He  was 
graduated  from  tlie  Western  State  Normal  School  in  1872,  and  from  the  Maine 
Wesleyan  Seminary  in  1876.  He  studied  law  with  Weston  Thompson,  Esq., 
of  Brunswick,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Sagadahoc  county  bar  in  April,  1878. 
He  was  principal  of  the  grammar  school  in  Brunswick  from  1876  to  1882.  He 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Lewiston  in  1882,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  married  Miss  Ida  F.  Plummer,  of  Lisbon,  September  20,  1883.  He  was 
elected  city  solicitor  of  Lewiston  for  the  year  1890.  He  is  one  of  the  law  firm 
of  Newell  &  Judkins.  Mr  Newell  is  a  careful,  painstaking  lawyer,  a  genial 
o-entleman,  and  tlie  firm  of  which  he  is  a  member  is  successfully  prosecuting  its 
professional  business.  In  1890  he  was  elected  county  attorney  for  Androscoggin 
county  for  the  term  commencing  January  1,  1891 ;  is  a  member  of  the  Maine 
State  Bar  Association,  and  was  elected  mayor  of  Lewiston,  March  2,  1891. 

Edgar  M.  Briggs  was  born  in  Parkman,  May  28,  1854.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Maine  Central  Institute  at  Pittsfield,  in  June,  1875,  and 
entered  Bates  College  in  August,  and  graduated  therefrom  in  1879.  He  was 
engaged  as  reporter  on  the  Lewiston  Gazette  from  1879  to  1880,  when  he 
entered  the  law  office  of  Hutchinson  &  Savage  as  a  student.  He  was 
admitted  to  tlie  bar  in  Dunn  county,  Wisconsin,  in  March,  1883,  and  in 
October,  1883,  in  this  state,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Lewiston, 
December,  1883,  in  partnership  with  C.  V.  Emerson,  and  continued  until 
March,  1888,  when  he  formed  a  copartnership  with  Hon.  John  P.  Swasey. 
Mr  Briggs  married  Annie  Moore,  of  Lewiston,  August,  1879.  He  has  always 
kept  out  of  politics  and  has  held  no  political  office. 

Dennis  J.  Callahan  was  born  December  25,  1854,  in  Cork,  Ireland,  and 
came  to  America  with  his  parents  when  he  was  two  years  old,  and  settled  in 
Lewiston.  He  acquired  his  education  in  tlie  public  schools,  Nichols  Latin 
School,  and  was  graduated  from  Bates  College  in  1876.  He  commenced  to 
read  law  with  Hon.  M.  T.  Ludden,  in  January,  1877,  and  April,  1878,  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  Androscoggin  county.  In  1879  he  opened  an  office  in 
Lewiston,  and  has  since  continued  the  practice  of  law.  In  March,  1877,  Mr 
Callahan  was  elected  alderman  of  Lewiston,  re-elected  in  1878,  1879,  and  1880. 
He  was  chosen  president  of  the  board  in  1878.  He  was  elected  city  solicitor 
in  1883  and  1884,  and  in  1883  was  a  member  of  the  school  board,  re-elected  in 
1885,  1887,  1889,  and  1891,  and  served  as  its  president  in  1885  and  1887. 

Preston  S.  Laughton,  son  of  Warren  P.  Laughton,  was  born  in  Lewis- 
ton,  May  6,  1855.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Lewiston,  studied 
law  with  Hon.  M.  T.  Ludden,  was  admitted  to  practice  in  Androscoggin 
county  in  January,  1879,  and  afterwards  was  graduated  from  tlie  Boston  Uni- 
versity Law  School.  He  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  Municipal  Court  of 
Lewiston  in  1880,  which  office  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death,  September  23, 
1890.     Mr  Laughton  was  a  courteous  and  genial  gentleman.     He  discharged 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar.  339 

the  duties  of  his  office  efficiently  and  with  integrity,  thereby  winning  and 
retaining  many  friends.     He  married  Miss  Lora  L.  Gerrish,  of  Hebron. 

John  Adams  Morrill,  son  of  Judge  Nahum  Morrill,  was  born  at  Auburn, 
June  3,  1855.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Auburn  aiid  Bowdoin 
College,  from  which  last-named  institution  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1876. 
Immediately  after  graduation  he  taught  one  year  in  the  Edward  Little  High 
School,  of  Auburn,  and  then  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  his  father.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county  at  the  January  term,  1880,  of 
the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  and,  associated  with  his  father,  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  N.  &  J.  A.  Morrill,  at 
Auburn,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  appointed  a  master  in  chancery 
by  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  1881.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  at  the  April  term,  1880,  at  Portland,  Me.  He  was 
elected  city  solicitor  for  the  city  of  Auburn  for  the  year  1886.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  overseers  of  Bowdoin  College,  and  one  of  the  trustees 
of  the  Auburn  Public  Library.  He  married  Miss  Lsabella  E.  Littlefield,  of 
Melrose,  Mass. 

Henry  Walter  Oakes,  son  of  Dr  Silvester  and  H.  Eliza  (Kilbourne) 
Oakes,  was  born  in  Auburn,  April  26,  1857.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  town,  and  Edward  Little  High  School,  and  was  graduated  from 
Bates  College  in  1877.  He  read  law  with  Frye,  Cotton  &  White,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  May,  1880,  and  commenced  practice  in  partnership  witli  Nathan 
W.  Harris,  in  Lewiston,  and  later  in  Auburn.  The  firm  was  dissolved  in 
1883,  and  subsequently  Mr  Oakes  formed  a  partnersliip  with  Hon.  A.  R. 
Savage,  as  Savage  &  Oakes.  Mr  Oakes  has  been  a  member  of  the  school 
committee  of  Auburn  several  years,  and  of  the  common  council  in  1883,  1881, 
and  1891.  He  is  a  member  of  Androscoggin  Lodge,  L  O.  O.  F.,  and  Past 
Gi'and  Warden  of  the  state  in  the  New  England  Order  of  Protection.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Pepublican,  and  in  religious  views  a  Congregationalist. 
Though  a  young  man,  Mr  Oakes  is  a  rising  lawyer.  He  is  well  read,  an 
ingenious  advocate,  and  a  pleasing  and  impressive  speaker. 

Herbert  C.  Whittemore,  son  of  Alpheus  and  Sarah  T.  Whittemore, 
was  born  at  East  Livermore,  November  11,  1857.  He  studied  for  his  profes- 
sion with  George  D.  Parks,  Esq.,  of  Brunswick,  and  at  Boston  University. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Portland,  Ma3%  1888,  and  practiced  law  with 
Mr  Parks  at  Brunswick  until  July,  188!>,  when  he  establislied  himself  at 
Livermore  Falls.     He  is  an  Odd  Fellow  and  a  Free  Mason. 

Fred  S.  Sampson  was  born  at  Hartford,  April  1,  1858,  and  was  educated 
at  Bridgton  Academy  and  Bates  College,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1884.  He 
taught  school  in  Hartford,  Otisfield,  New  Gloucester,  and  Camden,  and  read 
law  with  Hon.  VV.  W.  Bolster,  of  Auburn,  and  F.  ().  Watson,  Esq.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  Androscoggin  bar  in  September,  1887. 


340  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Albert  E.  Verrill,  clerk  of  Auburn  Municipal  Court,  was  born  at 
Poland,  November  12,  1860.  His  collegiate  course  was  in  Bates  College, 
graduating  in  the  class  of  188G.  While  in  college  he  taught  school  in  Sherman 
and  in  the  Nichols  Latin  School.  He  read  law  with  Savage  &  Oakes,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  Androscoggin  bar  in  January,  1889,  and  to  the  U.  S.  Circuit 
Court,  August  4,  1890.     He  commenced  practice  in  Auburn. 

Wilbur  H.  Judkins  was  born  at  Monmouth,  May  19,  1858.  He  was 
educated  in  common  schools  and  at  Waterville  Classical  Institute,  now  Coburn 
Institute,  Waterville,  and  was  graduated  from  Bates  College  in  the  class 
of  1880.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  A.  M.  Spear,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  April,  1883.  He  practices  law  in  Lewiston,  in  partnership  with 
William  H.  Newell,  as  Newell  &  Judkins.  He  was  city  solicitor  of  Lewiston 
for  1886-89.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  Bates  College  since  1888,  and  a 
member  of  commission  on  removal  of  Maine  State  Prison  in  1890. 

Stephen  A.  Lowell,  son  of  Hon.  William  Lowell,  was  born  in  Minot, 
January  1,  1859.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  Hebron  Academy, 
and  Bates  College,  and  was  graduated  from  the  latter  institution  in  1882.  He 
taught  in  the  public  schools  of  the  state  in  the  winter  season  from  1877  to 
1881,  and  in  1882-3  was  principal  of  Foxcroft  Academy.  He  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  George  C.  &  Charles  E.  Wing,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Auburn,  in  April,  1885.  In  1888  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  State  Normal  School,  by  Cxovernor  Marble.  From  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Maine  Benefit  Association  until  his  resignation  and  removal  from 
the  state  in  1891,  he  was  secretary  of  that  corporation.  The  duties  of  this 
office  required  his  entire  attention  and  precluded  him  from  engaging  in  the 
practice  of  law. 

Daniel  J.  McGillicuddy  was  born  in  Lewiston,  August  27,  1859.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Lewiston,  and  was  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  College  in  1881.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Frye,  Cotton  & 
White,  of  Lewiston,  and  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  Androscoggin  bar  in 
September,  1883,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Lewiston, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Maine  house  of 
representatives,  from  Lewiston,  in  the  year  1884,  and  elected  mayor  of  the 
city  for  the  years  1887  and  1890. 

EzEKiEL  VosE  Stevens,  son  of  Zaccheus  Stevens,  and  grandson  of  Rev. 
Ezekiel  Vose,  was  born  at  North  Turner,  November  20,  1859.  His  father 
moved  to  Knox  and  died  when  Ezekiel  was  two  years  old.  Ezekiel  was 
adopted  in  the  family  of  Essec  Fuller,  his  uncle-in-law,  a  resident  of  North 
Turner.  His  education  was  acquired  at  the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  and 
at  North  Anson  Academy;  graduated  at  North  Anson  in  the  class  of  1884. 
He  read  law  with  Webb  &  Webb,  of  Waterville,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
October,  1887,  in   Kennebec  county,  and  opened  an  office  at  North  Turner, 


The  Courts  and  Bench  and  Bae,.  341 

March  1,  1888.  He  has  held  the  office  of  supervisor  of  schools  for  two  years, 
and  was  census  enumerator  for  Turner  in  1890.  He  is  a  Universalist,  and  has 
been  for  two  years  junior  and  senior  deacon  of  Nezinscot  Lodge  of  F.  and 
A.  M.     He  married  Miss  Belle  Holt,  of  Bangor,  October  1,  1888. 

Francois  Xavier  Belleau  was  born  in  Montreal,  P.  Q.,  August  13, 1860, 
and  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Canada.  In  1876  he  came  to  Bruns- 
wick, and  six  months  later  to  Lewiston,  where,  in  September,  1877,  he  began 
the  study  of  law  with  J.  W.  Mitchell,  Esq.,  of  Auburn.  October  11,  1881,  he 
was  made  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  by  naturalization,  and  the  same  day 
was  admitted  to  practice.  Mr  Belleau  was  the  first  French  Canadian  admitted 
to  practice  law  in  Maine,  and  the  second  one  admitted  in  New  England.  Soon 
after  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  opened  an  office  in  Lewiston  and  is  now  in 
practice.  \n  1883  and  1884  he  was  clerk  of  the  common  council,  in  1885  was 
city  solicitor,  and  in  1890  and  1891  city  clerk.  He  was  married  November  27, 
1883,  in  the  cathedral  of  St  Hyacinthe,  P.  Q.,  to  Marie  Blanche  Alexandrine 
Martel,  by  Rev.  Father  Gravel,  cur^  of  the  cathedral,  now  Bishop  of  Nicolet. 

H.  E.  CooLiDGE,  of  Lisbon  Falls,  was  born  at  Livermore,  December  23, 
1860.  He  acquired  his  education  at  the  Nichols  Latin  School  in  Lewiston, 
and  was  graduated  from  Bates  College  in  the  class  of  1881.  After  graduation 
he  taught  school  at  North  Berwick,  from  1883  to  1889.  He  read  law  in  the 
office  of  Hon.  Enoch  Foster  in  Bethel,  from  August,  1881,  to  April,  1883,  and 
with  Savage  &  Oakes,  Lewiston,  from  April,  1889,  to  September,  1889,  when 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Androscoggin  county.  After  admission  to 
practice  his  profession  he  established  himself  at  Lisbon  Falls,  where  he  has 
since  continued.     He  married  Miss  Josephine  O.  Dearborn,  of  Canton. 

Patrick  H.  Kelleher  was  born  at  Lewiston,  September  9,  1861,  where 
he  continued  to  reside  until  1874,  and  then  moved  with  his  father's  family  to 
Auburn,  where  he  is  still  a  resident.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Auburn,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Edward  Little  Institute  in  1879.  After 
graduating,  he  taught  school  and  engaged  in  other  pursuits  until  April,  1883, 
when  he  commenced  reading  law  in  the  office  of  N.  &  J.  A.  Morrill,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  April,  1885,  and  immediately  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  tlie  board  of  aldermen  from  ward  four, 
in  Auburn,  in  1889,  serving  in  that  capacity  one  year.  At  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  office  he  declined  a  re-nomination,  preferring  to  devote  his  attention 
uninterruptedly  to  his  profession. 

Leonard  G.  IvOHEUts  was  born  in  Sherman,  Me,  September  13, 1862.  He 
was  fitted  for  college  in  Nichols  Latin  School,  Lewiston,  and  was  graduated 
from  Bates  College  in  1887.  Devotincy  himself  to  law  he  entered  the  law 
school  of  Bostoii  University,  from  which  he  was  graduated  June  4,  1890.  He 
was  also  graduated  from  the  School  of  Oratory  in  Boston.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  Suffolk  county  (Mass.)  bar,  August  19,  1890;  to  Androscoggin  county 


342  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


bar  in  January,  1891,  and  immediately  thereafter  entered  into  copartnership 
with  Hon.  F.  M.  Drew  in  the  practice  of  law,  in  Lewiston,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Drew  &  Roberts. 

Frank  A.  Morey  was  born  at  Keeseville,  N.  Y.,  March  11,  1863.  He 
was  educated  at  Keeseville  Union  Free  School  and  Bates  College,  graduating 
in  the  class  of  1885.  He  studied  law  with  H.  &  W.  Hewitt,  of  Keeseville, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  May  5,  1887,  and  immediately 
became  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Hewitt  &  Morey,  at  Keeseville,  where  he 
remained  until  September,  1890,  when  he  moved  to  Lewiston,  where  he  has 
since  been  in  practice.     He  married  Maud  M.,  daughter  of  O.  G.  Douglass. 

George  E.  McCann  was  born  in  New  Gloucester,  October  18,  1865.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Freeport  High  School  and  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  at 
Readfield,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1883.  He  read  law  with  Frye,  Cotton  & 
White,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Androscoggin  bar  in  April,  1888,  and  verj^ 
soon  after  formed  a  copartnership  with  Hon.  D.  J.  McGillicuddy,  of  Lewiston, 
which  continued  about  two  years,  when  that  firm  was  dissolved  and  he  opened 
an  office  in  Auburn.  Mr  McCann  served  in  1889  as  clerk  of  the  common 
council  of  Auburn.  In  1890  he  was  elected  councilman  from  ward  four,  and 
was  chosen  president  of  the  board.     He  was  elected  city  treasurer  in  1891. 

Edwin  A.  Smith,  of  Auburn,  is  a  son  of  Rev.  B.  B.  Smith,  missionary  to 
India,  and  was  born  in  Balasore,  Orissa,  India.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Nichols  Latin  School  and  Bates  College,  and  was  graduated  in  1873.  He  was 
assistant  editor  of  the  Morntfuj  Star,  Dover,  N.  H.,  for  six  years.  He  read  law 
in  the  office  of  Hutchinson  &  Savage  at  Lewiston,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Androscoggin  bar  in  April,  1884.  Mr  Smith  has  not  devoted  much  time  to 
his  profession,  giving  his  attention  more  to  journalism.  He  is  now  news  editor 
of  the  Li'wixton  Journal. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  been  admitted  to  practice  in  tlie  courts  of 
this  state  by  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  this  county,  a  large  majority 
of  wliom  have  settled  in  other  states  or  other  counties  in  this  state: 

1855  — August,  Ezra  M.  Prince.  1856— January,  W.  H.  McLellan,  R.  G.  Blacker,  G.  C.  Wright. 
1858— Ai)ril,  Renjainin  Dunn;  August,  Daniel  W.  Scrilmer.  185!)— April,  John  D.  Storer.  1800  — 
Septeniher,  Charles  Walker.  1861  — January,  O.  A.  Ellis,  R.  W.  Carr,  Hiram  Knowlton;  April,  Her- 
rick  C.  Davis.  186(1  — January,  E.  G.  Keyes,  H.  N.  W.  Hoyt,  C.  B.  Rounds;  April,  Earl  Byron  Parker; 
lS(i7  — Septemher,  Sanford  S.  Chapman.  1868— January,  Horace  R.  Cheney,  William  F.  Morrill; 
April,  Clarence  C.  Frost.  180!)  —  April,  Reuel  Small.  1870  — January,  I.  N.  Parker.  1871  —  September, 
John  Smith.  1872  — January,  Everett  A.  Nash;  April,  Myron  W.  Jones,  Dexter  M.  Small.  1875  — 
April,  George  E.  Smith,  CMiarles  Bonney  Ueade.  187(;  — January,  Israel  P.  tiuimhy;  April,  Freedom 
Hutchinson,  Wm  W.  Sanborn.  1877  — January,  Win  Henry  Ham,  James  Nash;  April,  F.  M.  Fogg; 
Septemb(!r,  Frank  D.  Hale,  Walter  C.  Leavitt,  Irving  C.  Phillips.  1878—  April,  Chas  M.  Ham,  Jerome 
Fish.  1879  — January,  C.  S.  Libby;  April,  John  H.  Packard.  1880  — September,  Frank  C.  Skinner. 
1881— April,  George  Hazen;  Sei>tember,  Simon  C.  Moseley.  1883— April,  George  D.  Emery,  H.  A. 
Stirason.  1884  — Sept(!mber,  John  F.  Merrill.  1885  — April,  James  E.  Chandler,  Edward  J.  Hatch, 
Morrill  N.  Drew;  September,  Fmery  A.  Tinkham,  Edward  N.  Dingley.  1886— April,  Aaron  Beede,  Jr; 
April,  WmH.Orr.  1887— September,  Pierre  X.  Augiers.  1888— January,  Mellen  A.  Pingree.  1890— Jan- 
nary,  George  A.  Goodwin;  April,  Edward  T.  Little.    1891— January,  Sumner  Hackett,  L.  W.  Fales. 


LKWISTON'S    FIRST    CnV     15UILl)lN(i 


ANDROSCOGGIN  COUNTY 

(Eastern   Division). 

TOWNS    FROM    LINCOLN    AND    KENNEBEC    COUNTIES: 

Lewiston,  Lisbon,  Webster,  W^ales,  Greene,  Leeds,  East  Livermore. 


LEWISTON 

By  J.  G.  Elder. 


CHAPTER   XVL 

The   Town.      Situation,   Extent,   Natural    Features,    Products,    etc.  —  Conditions    of 
Grant — Pioneer  Settlers  —  Incorporation  —  Growth  —  Civil  List — City  Officers. 

LEWISTON  is  ill  north  latitude  44°  5'  45",  and  70°  10'  west  longitude. 
Its  greatest  length  is  II5  miles,  and  its  greatest  width  is  6^  miles,  and 
L  it  has  an  area  of  35  square  miles,  or  about  22,000  acres.  The  only  body 
of  water  wholly  in  Lewiston  is  No  Name  Fond,  one  mile  long  and  half  a  mile 
wide.  It  lies  near  Sabatis  road,  nearly  four  miles  from  the  bridge.  There  is 
a  small  unimproved  water-power  at  the  outlet.  There  are  some  small  streams. 
On  several  of  these  the  early  settlers  erected  lumber  mills  which  long  since 
disappeared.  The  surface  is  very  uneven  and  considerably  broken.  This  is 
especially  true  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  and  in  some  places,  extending  a 
considerable  distance  from  the  river,  the  land  is  quite  hilly,  and  the  ledge 
occasionally  crops  out  with  more  or  less  boldness.  In  some  places  the  surface 
is  quite  level,  but  there  are  no  plains  and  but  little  meadow  land.  While  the 
surface  is  hilly  and  broken,  it  is  not  mountainous.  Merrill  Hill,  formerly 
Randall  Bill,  is  probably  the  highest  elevation  in  the  city,  but  its  exact 
altitude  has  not  been  ascertained.  David  Mountain,  which  derives  its  name 
from  Mr  David  Davis,  the  owner  for  many  years,  is  a  dome-shaped  ledge 
whose  summit  is  389  feet  above  tide  water,  and  123  feet  above  Main  street  at 
the  corner  of  Riverside.  It  is  a  ledge  of  mica-schist;  the  base  is  skirted  with 
small  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  occasionally  a  dwarf  pine  ;  but  near  the  summit 


344  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


there  are  a  few  plats  of  grass.  Excavations  to  a  considerable  extent  have  been 
made  on  the  northwesterly  side  of  the  mountain  to  obtain  coarse  stone  for 
buildino-  purposes.  Mr  Davis's  heirs  have  given  the  summit  of  the  mountain 
to  Bates  College  with  a  right  of  way  for  an  observatory,  for  which  it  is 
admirably  fitted.  Once  upon  the  summit  the  eye  catches  a  charming  land- 
sca[)e  which,  when  the  atmospliere  is  clear,  extends  to  the  White  Mountains, 
with  a  bird's-eye  view  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn.  The  soil  is  a  clayey  loam, 
well  adapted  to  agricultural  purposes,  and  yields  an  average  amount  of 
produce.  It  is  better  adapted  to  the  production  of  hay  than  to  the  growth  of 
cereals,  but  corn,  oats,  and  barley  are  grown  in  considerable  quantities,  and 
fruit  is  easily  raised.  Many  of  the  farms  whose  soil  is  rugged  produce  excellent 
crops,  and,  although  husbandry  may  not  be  the  most  lucrative  employment,  yet 
the  industrious  farmer  is  sure  to  realize  an  average  income.  Clay  banks 
especially  adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  bricks  are  numerous  near  the 
"Falls,"  and  are  also  found  in  the  rural  portions  of  the  city.  These  have  been 
extensively  worked,  and  large  quantities  of  bricks  are  annually  manufactured. 
The  southern  part  abounds  in  sandy  loam  and  is  admirably  fitted  for  agri- 
cultural purposes.  The  primeval  forest  was  composed  of  hard  and  soft  woods, 
with  the  stately  pine  in  abundance.  The  early  settlers  did  much  in  manu- 
facturing pine  lumber,  and,  in  recent  years,  a  large  lumbering  business  was 
carried  on  by  some  enterprising  citizens.  The  magnificent  and  romantic  Lew- 
iston Falls,  with  its  water-power,  one  of  the  best  in  New  England  (see  page  38) 
is  not  only  the  most  striking  natural  feature  of  the  city,  but  the  great  source  of 
its  wealth.  The  falls  were  first  called  the  Uppermost  Falls  of  the  Pejepscot, 
but  for  years  after  the  first  settlement  were  known  as  Harris  Falls.  The 
lakes  at  the  source  of  the  Androscoggin  are  now  used  for  the  storage  of 
water,  dams  having  been  built  by  the  Union  Water-Power  Company  to 
increase  their  capacity  as  reservoirs. 

Gi'iint  to  Little  and  Baijley.  —  Tlie  Pejepscot  proprietors  granted,  January 
28,  1768,  to  Moses  Little  and  Jonathan  Bagley,  of  Newbury,  Mass.,  the  tract 
of  land  commencing  at  Twenty-Mile  Falls  on  the  Androscoggin,  from  thence 
to  extend  five  miles  up  said  river,  from  thence  to  extend  northeast  five  miles, 
from  thence  southeast  four  miles,  from  thence  south  to'Androscoggin  river, 
and  so  up  the  river  to  the  falls.  The  conditions  were  that  fifty  families  should 
be  settled  in  as  many  houses  before  June  1,  1774,  and  a  road  be  cleared 
to  Royalsborough  to  meet  the  proprietors'  road  from  Topsham.  If  less  than 
fifty  families  were  settled,  only  a  proportion  of  the  land  was  to  be  granted. 
The  houses  were  to  be  "16x20  feet  and  7  feet  stud,"  and  the  town  was  named 
l^ewistown.  This  grant  was  rescinded  in  June,  1771,  notwithstanding  the  efforts 
made  to  comply  with  its  conditions.  The  proprietors  recognized  what  had 
been  done  by  Bagley  and  Little,  without  offering  any  compensation  for  their 
services.     We  are  unable  to  determine  under  what  conditions  the  settlement 


City  of  Lewiston.  345 


was  prosecuted.  It  is  evident  that  Bagley  and  Little  took  measures  to  secure 
their  title;  but  it  was  not  until  1790  that  the  grant  "was  confirmed." 

The  First  Settler.  —  Paul  Hildreth  moved  into  the  plantation  of  "Lewis- 
town"  in  the  autumn  of  1770.  He  built  his  log  cabin  on  the  bank  of  the  river, 
just  below  the  Continental  Mill.  Mr  Hildreth  was  a  native  of  Dracut,  Mass., 
and  possessed  a  roving,  as  well  as  a  resolute,  spirit.  He  married  Miss  Hannah 
INIerrill  of  Nottingham,  N.  H.,  where,  it  is  said,  he  resided  for  nearly  a  year 
before  he  took  uj)  his  residence  here.  In  the  autumn  of  1770  his  cabin  was 
burned,  and  the  family  spent  the  winter  in  New  Gloucester,  but  returned  to 
l^ewiston  in  the  following  spiing,  where  he  resided,  with  the  exception  of  a 
short  time  in  1788,  when  he  lived  in  Litchfield,  until  about  1802;  he  then 
removed  to  Gardiner,  and  died  there  about  1830.  Tradition  relates  many 
adventures  experienced  during  the  early  settlement  of  the  place,  of  marvelous 
contests  with  venomous  wild  beasts  which  invaded  the  sanctity  of  the  settle- 
ment; of  women  frightened;  of  children  pursued  by  bears;  of  the  destruction 
of  cattle  by  huge  and  ferocious  catamounts ;  of  the  dread  experienced  as  the 
dusky  forms  of  the  aborigines  were  seen  gliding  through  the  forests  in  pursuit 
of  game.  With  the  pioneers  life  was  a  sad  and  checkered  reality.  A  trackless 
forest,  fifteen  miles  in  extent,  lay  between  them  and  the  nearest  white  settle- 
ment. Provisions  were  frequently  sliort,  and  once  for  four  days  they  were 
witliout  food  or  fire.  During  these  days  of  fasting  and  anxiety,  Mrs  Hildreth 
and  an  infant  wore  the  only  persons  in  the  settlement.  Tradition  also  informs 
us  that  the  first  grant  of  land  made  by  Bagley  and  Little  was  a  present  of  fifty 
acres  to  Mrs  Hildreth,  as  a  testimonial  of  their  respect  for  the  first  female 
settler  of  Lewiston.  This  tradition  may  be  true,  but  so  far  no  documents 
substantiate  the  claim.  Mr  Hildreth  occupied  this  lot  (No.  52  on  the  plan  of 
Lewiston)  until  17!>5,  when  he  sold  to  Samuel  Robinson,  and  took  up  a  new 
lot.  Hildreth  established  the  first  ferry  in  town,  about  half  a  mile  below  the 
falls,  whicli  passed  into  Robinson's  hands.  Mr  Hildreth's  family  removed  to 
(lardiner,  where  there  are  numerous  descendants. 

Shortly  after  Hildreth  came,  David  Pettengill,  of  New  Gloucester,  moved 
into  the  place.  Mr  Pettengill  was  a  native  of  North  Yarmouth,  and  born 
September  5,  1731.  He  married  Mercy,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Mercy 
(Eaton)  Lake,  November  23,  1758.  Mr  Pettengill  settled  on  the  lot  south  of 
Hildreth,  where  he  lived  during  the  winter  of  1770-71,  the  only  settler  in  the 
plantation  during  that  winter.  He  resided  on  this  lot  until  after  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Revolution,  when  he  entered  the  army,  from  which  he  never 
returned.  His  son,  Benjamin,  also  entered  the  army,  and  after  his  return 
settled  in  Auburn.  David,  who  married  Thankful  Graffam,  settled  on  the  lot 
now  known  as  the  Converse  Farr  place,  and  died  October  1,  1848,  aged  82 
years.  He  had  a  family  of  eleven  children,  but  only  a  small  number  of  his 
descendants  reside  here. 


346  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Lawrence  J.  Harris  was  the  third  settler,  and  came  from  Dracut,  Mass.,  in 
the  spring  of  1771.  Mr  Harris  had  been  here  the  previous  autumn,  and  made 
arrangements  towards  a  permanent  settlement.  It  has  been  said  that  he  was 
induced  to  settle  by  Bagle}^  and  Little,  who  made  very  liberal  offers  of  land, 
not  only  for  himself  but  for  his  children.  Li  the  fall  of  1770  he  got  out  the 
frame  of  a  saw-mill,  which  was  raised  October  29,  but  not  completed  until  tlie 
next  season.  Mr  Harris  settled  on  what  was  known,  after  the  survey  of  the 
plantation  (1773),  as  the  mill  lot  and  comprised  about  100  acres  about  the 
falls.  Tradition  informs  us  that  this  lot  was  one  of  those  which  he  was  to 
receive  for  settling  here.  Mr  Harris  built  a  house  on  this  lot,  which  was 
located  just  west  of  the  Lower  Maine  Central  depot,  where  he  lived  until  his 
death  in  1784.  It  does  not  now  appear  that  Mr  Harris  ever  had  a  deed  of  a 
foot  of  this  lot.  The  proprietors  acknowledged  their  indebtedness  to  him  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  in  the  sum  of  j£150,  and  in  consideration  of  this  conveyed 
to  "Abner  Harris,  son  and  heir  of  Lawrence  J.  Harris,  the  whole  of  Mill  lot, 
so-called,"  "excepting  and  reserving  out  of  the  same  the  mill  privilege,"  also 
a  piece  of  land  25  rods  wide,  extending  from  the  "mill  privilege"  to  the 
Hildreth  lot.  Abner  Harris  resided  a  sliort  distance  west  of  Lincoln  street  and 
a  few  rods  north  of  the  cross  canal.  The  well  connected  with  the  house  is  now 
in  constant  use.  In  1810  Mr  Harris  sold  this  farm,  the  mill  lot,  and  the  one 
known  as  the  Haley  farm,  to  Dan  and  Lemuel  Read,  for  -f 3,500,  and  removed  to 
Ohio.  The  Reads  sold  to  the  Littles,  who  by  this  transfer  came  into  possession 
of  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  Little  and  Bagley  claim.  Mr  Harris  had  a 
large  family,  and  his  son,  Barron,  was  probably  the  first  male  child  born  in  the 
plantation.  Several  of  tliese  children  settled  in  (Ireene,  where  descendants 
now  live. 

Asa  Varnuni,  supposed  to  have  been  the  fourth  settler,  came  from  Dracut 
about  1772,  and  built  a  log  house  nearly  in  front  of  tlie  westerly  end  of 
Central  block,  and  very  near  the  center  of  Main  street.  He  was  probably 
employed  by  Mr  Harris  in  the  saw-mill.  His  daughter,  Abigail,  born 
September  21,  1773,  was  the  first  child  born  in  Lewiston.  Mi-  Varnum  was 
drowned  late  in  1773,  or  the  early  part  of  1774,  nearly  opposite  the  Catholic 
cemetery,  while  attemi)ting  to  pass  Dresser's  Rips  in  a  boat.  His  widow, 
Abigail,  married  Benjamin  Winslow,  of  North  Yarmouth,  October  4,  1774, 
and  died  March  11,  1801.  Mr  Varnum's  daughter,  Abigail,  resided  at  North 
Yarmouth,  in  the  Winslow  family,  until  her  death,  December  17,  1846. 

Israel  Herrick,  ancestor  of  the  Herricks  in  this  vicinity,  was  a  native  of 
Topsfield,  Mass.,  born  December  3,  1721,  and  died  in  Lewiston,  September  14, 
1782.  He  came  February  1,  1774,  and  for  a  short  time  occupied  a  f)art  of 
Amos  Davis's  house.  Mr  Herrick's  was  the  eighth  family  in  the  plantation. 
His  son,  John,  settled  at  Barker's  Mills  and  married  Lydia  Graffam,  of 
Falmouth,  March  14,  1780.     For  many  years  he  kept  the  only  public  house  in 


City  of  Lewiston.  347 


town.  The  Herrick  house,  built  in  1800,  is  still  standing,  and  is  one  of  the 
oldest  in  town.  Mr  Herrick  was  selectman  for  many  years,  chairman  of  the  first 
board,  a  representative  to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  for  seven  years, 
and  served  as  delegate  in  the  convention  which  met  October  11,  1819,  at 
Portland,  to  frame  the  Constitution  of  Maine.  In  all  these  positions  he 
performed  his  duties  with  singular  fidelity  and  ability,  and  to  the  satisfaction 
of  those  who  had  confided  these  interests  to  his  care.  He  died  March  27, 
1834.  His  sons,  Oliver  and  Ebenezer,  were  prominent  men  in  town.  Oliver 
commanded  a  company  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  captured  in  the  disastrous 
battle  of  Lake  Champlain.  vXfter  his  return  he  became  colonel  of  his  regiment. 
For  several  years  he  was  selectman,  represented  his  native  town  in  the  state 
legislature  for  a  number  of  years,  was  postmaster  under  the  Taylor  administra- 
tion, and  died  July  4,  1852.  Ebenezer  was  a  man  of  talent  and  culture  ;  was 
delegate  from  Bowdoiidiam,  where  he  then  resided,  to  the  convention  which 
formed  the  constitution  of  Maine,  in  which  he  took  an  important  part.  Among 
the  many  able  members  of  that  convention,  none  were  more  clear  in  statement 
or  more  felicitous  in  expression.  He  was  a  representative  to  Congress  from 
1821-9,  and  a  state  senator  in  1828  and  1829.  His  son,  Anson,  was  founder, 
editor,  and  proprietor  of  the  New  York  Atlas.  He  was  naval  stored^eeper  in 
New  York  under  Buchanan,  and  in  1802-3  a  member  of  Congress. 

Jesse  Wright,  of  Dracut,  settled  in  1774  on  the  lot  now  known  as  the  Diuvis 
Nevens  farm,  which  he  bought  of  Bagley  and  Little,  May  29,  1774,  for  "  three 
pounds  of  lawful  money."  The  deed,  still  in  existence,  was  acknowledged 
before  Stephen  Longfellow,  of  Portland,  and  witnessed  by  Nathan  and  Jonas 
Coburn.  Mr  Wright's  first  log  house  was  just  east  of  Meadow  Brook.  His 
brothers  Joel  and  Timothy  Wright  came  about  1777. 

Amos  Davis  moved  in  from  New  Gloucester  in  1774.  He  was  born  May  12, 
1741,  in  Gloucester,  Mass.  Mr  Davis,  it  is  supposed,  first  settled  on  wliat  has 
been  known  as  the  Marston  farm,  where  he  built  a  log  house.  Subsequently 
he  built  a  house  where  is  now  the  corner  of  Sabatis  and  Wood  streets.  He 
occupied  this  lot  until  his  death,  March  20,  1815.  Mr  Davis  was  a  farmer, 
surveyor,  and  shoe-maker.  In  March,  1773,  he  was  employed  by  the  proprietors 
to  make  a  survey  of  a  part  of  the  town.  A  plan  of  the  town,  made  by  him  in 
1795,  showing  the  names  and  residences  of  the  settlers  at  that  time,  is  still  in 
existence.  He  was  a  leading  member  of  the  Friends  society,  and  a  very 
exemplary  man.  His  son,  David,  who  kept  the  first  store  at  Lowell's  corner, 
was  the  second  male  child  born  in  Lewiston.  His  children,  four  sons  and  a 
daughter,  settled  in  Lewiston  and  have  many  descendants.  His  daughter, 
Mary,  married  Seth  Tarr.  Mr  Davis  gave  the  land  for  the  old  burying-ground 
on  Sabatis  street,  and  erected,  at  his  own  expense,  a  small  building  within  its 
present  inclosure,  which  was  occupied  for  some  years  as  a  meeting-house  for 
the  Friends  society,  and  for  a  school-house. 


348  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Jacob  Barker  came  about  1774  and  settled  at  Barker's  Mills,  on  the  lot 
next  below  John  Herrick's,  where  he  built  a  grist  and  saw  mill.  His  son 
Cyrus  inherited  the  farm,  and  his  grandson,  Nelson  P.  Barker,  resided  at  the 
"Mills"  for  many  years,  and  rebuilt  them  about  1836. 

James  Garcelon  with  wife.  Deliverance  Annis,  and  six  children,  came  in 
March,  1776,  from  Freeport.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Peter  Garcelon,  who 
graduated  from  a  Roman  Catholic  college  in  Clermont,  France,  became  a  priest, 
and  filled  that  position  in  London  from  1721  to  1739,  when  he  went  to  the 
island  of  Guernsey,  renounced  Romanism,  and  united  with  the  Episcopalians; 
was  ordained  minister  of  a  church  called  "St  Peters  in  the  Wood,"  which 
position  he  held  for  32  years.  James  Garcelon  was  great-grandfather  of 
Dr  Alonzo  Garcelon,  H.  G.  Garcelon,  Capt.  J.  S.  Garcelon.  He  soon  took  up 
land  five  miles  down  tlie  river,  that  made  him  and  his  sons  farms,  erected 
buildings,  established  Garcelon's  Ferry,  and  opened  his  house  to  entertain' 
travelers.  As  this  was  when  the  settlement  at  the  Falls  was  small  and  no 
bridge  crossed  thd  river,  most  of  the  travel  was  across  his  ferry.  Here  he  died 
November  13,  1813,  aged  74.  His  wife  died  November  16, 1828,  aged  93  years. 
Mr  Garcelon  had  five  sons  and  two  daugliters.  His  sons  settled  near  the 
"Ferry."  James  was  for  many  years  a  Baptist  clergyman,  doing  much 
missionary  work  in  destitute  [)laces,  and  died  in  1838.  William  was  one  of 
the  first  merchants  in  town,  and  did  an  extensive  business,  was  also  engaged 
in  lumbering  and  ship-building  at  Freeport.  Lucy  married  Ezra  Ames,  and 
Sarah,  the  only  child  born  in  Lewiston,  married  Robert  Moody.  The  Garcelon 
family  have  occupied  a  prominent  place  in  the  history  of  the  town  and  city. 
Two  of  the  family  have  been  clergymen ;  four,  physicians  (the  most  distin- 
guished of  whom  is  ex-Governor  Garcelon,  who,  at  the  age  of  78,  is  prosecuting 
with  undiminished  energy  the  duties  of  an  exacting  and  laborious  profession). 

Josiah  Mitchell  came  in  the  spring  of  1776  and  settled  on  the  lot  which  had 
been  taken  up  by  Joel  Thompson,  who  was  then  in  the  Revolutionary  army. 
On  his  return  the  lot  was  divided  and  Mr  Mitchell  took  the  southwest  end. 
He  died  August  19,  1832,  leaving  his  farm  to  his  son  James.  Mr  Mitchell  liad 
a  family  of  seven  sons  and  five  daughters. 

Jonathan  Hodgkin  settled  in  Lewiston,  April  1,  1777.  His  house  was  near 
the  bank  of  the  river  a  few  rods  above  the  Pingree  steam  mill.  Subsequently 
he  settled  about  four  miles  below  the  falls.  He  died  February  2, 1814.  Of  his 
four  children,  one,  Betsey,  who  married  Lovell  Lincoln,  was  a  constant  resident 
of  Lewiston  for  more  than  90  years.  She  was  three  years  old  when  her  father 
moved  into  the  plantation.     Mr  Hodgkin  came  from  Cape  Ann. 

James  Ames  came  from  (Oakham,  Mass.,  in  1785,  and  settled  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  Noah  Litchfield,  which  he  bought  of  William  (iarcelon.  Mr 
Ames  was  a  blacksmith,  and  undoubtedly  the  first  one  in  Lewiston.  He 
carried    on    blacksmithing    in    connection   with    his    farm,  and    did    excellent 


City  of  Lewiston.  349 


service  for  the  settlers.  Previous  to  his  arrival  the  settlers  were  compelled  to 
go  to  New  Gloucester  for  the  services  of  a  blacksmith.  Mr  Ames  kept  a 
public  house  for  many  years.  He  died  in  1815,  and  was  buried  in  the  old 
Garcelon  burying-ground,  on  the  bank  of  the  river.  His  son  Winslow  cut  his 
initials  on  a  rude  stone  which  marks  his  resting-place.  This  Winslow  Ames 
was  a  man  of  considerable  prominence  in  town  affairs,  and  filled  various  offices. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  first  board  of  selectmen,  its  chairman  for  two  years, 
and  captain  of  the  Lewiston  company  of  militia  in  1801.  Captain  Ames  was  a 
man  of  fine  presence  and  dignified  bearing. 

In  November,  1788,  Dan  Read  came  from  Attleborough,  Mass.,  and  settled 
in  Lewiston.  Mr  Read  was  a  young  man  without  any  family.  He  married 
Susannah,  daughter  of  Stephen  Hart,  of  Lewiston.  Soon  after  he  came  into 
the  plantation  he  commenced  teaching  school,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
school  teachers  in  the  place.  His  education  and  ability  soon  brought  him  into 
prominence,  and  for  more  than  30  years,  commencing  with  1800,  there  was  no 
more  prominent  man  in  town  affairs.  Mr  Read  was  selectman  for  26  years, 
chairman  of  the  board  for  12  years,  town  clerk  for  15  years,  representative  to 
the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  a  representative  to  the  Legislature  of 
Maine  in  1820  and  several  subsequent  years.  He  was  the  first  postmaster  in 
Lewiston,  to  which  office  he  was  appointed  in  171>9,  a  position  which  he  held 
until  1837.  In  all  these  various  and  important  trusts  he  brought  unquestioned 
ability  and  integrity,  an  honest  and  noble  purpose,  and  he  was  gathered  to  his 
fathers  after  having  attained  the  unusual  age  of  87  years.  He  died  February 
15,  1851.     Mr  Read  had  eight  sons  and  five  daughters. 

Ebenezer  Ham,  grandfather  of  the  late  Colonel  Ham,  came  from  Shapleigh 
in  March,  1789,  and  settled  on  a  lot  in  the  south  part  of  Lewiston.  He  died  in 
August,  1790.  His  son,  James,  married  Mary  Brooks,  and  lived  on  the  farm 
until  his  death,  February  1,  1854,  aged  79  years.  The  farm  is  now  in 
possession  of  the  family,  owned  and  occupied  by  Nelson  Ham.  James  Ham 
was  the  father  of  Colonel  Ham,  and  the  grandfather  of  the  late  ex-Mayor  J.  R. 
Ham,  of  this  city. 

John  Marshall  came  here  about  1780,  and  settled  on  the  lot  owned  and 
occupied  so  long  by  Mr  David  Davis.  Mr  Marshall  was  a  wheelwright.  He 
removed  from  this  place  to  Industry,  about  1803.  His  son,  Alfred,  was  a  repre- 
sentative to  Congress  in  1841-2.  Job  Cole,  the  ancestor  of  the  Coles  in 
Lewiston,  was  a  native  of  North  Yarmouth.  He  first  settled  in  Greene,  but 
came  here  quite  early  and  settled  on  what  is  now  known  as  the  Asa  P.  Taylor 
place.  Mr  Cole  had  a  large,  family  of  sons  and  daughters.  His  son.  Rev. 
Benjamin  Cole,  was  a  Baptist  clergyman  for  more  than  thirty  years,  preaching 
for  the  most  of  the  time  in  Lewiston.  Thomas  Taylor  came  from  Dracut, 
Mass.,  before  1788,  and  lived  for  many  years  on  the  place  known  as  the  Charles 
Taylor  farm.     This  was  one  of  the  best  farms  in  town  and  has  remained  in  the 


350  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Taylor  family  until  recently.  Mr  Taylor's  family  consisted  of  ten  sons  and 
two  dauo-hters.  William  Blaisdell  came  from  North  Yarmouth,  and  settled  on 
the  lot  now  occupied  by  Daniel  Wood  and  others.  He  died  in  1818,  aged  70 
years.  His  son,  C^olonel  Walter  R.  Blaisdell,  succeeded  to  the  homestead,  built 
the  brick  house  near  Mr  Wood's,  and  died  in  1831,  aged  55  years.  There  are 
no  descendants  in  the  city.  William  (lolder  came  from  New  York  when  a 
young  man,  and  purchased  two  lots  of  land  in  the  Carville  neigliborhood.  He 
married  Dorcas,  daughter  of  John  Dill.  His  family  consisted  of  five  sons  and 
three  daughters.  Mr  Golder  died  in  1846.  One  of  his  sons,  Jacob,  was  for 
many  years  an  honored  and  respected  Baptist  clergyman.  Ezra  Randall  came 
from  Bowdoinham  about  1787,  and  settled  on  what  has  been  known  as  the 
Randall  place,  near  Thome's  Corner,  His  first  house,  probably  built  before 
1700,  is  now  standing,  and  is  undoubtedly  the  oldest  house  in  town.  Mr 
Randall  was  for  many  years  deacon  of  the  Old  South  (Baptist)  church.  He 
died  in  1850,  aged  84  years.  His  son,  Foster  Lee  Randall,  succeeded  to  the 
estate,  and  has  occupied  it  until  recently.  Deacon  Randall  married  first. 
Miss  Mary  Whitten  ;  second.  Miss  Theoda  Lee.  Mr  Randall  had  a  family  of 
seven  sons  and  nine  daughters.  John  Graffam  married  Elizabeth  Davis,  sister 
of  Amos  Davis,  Sr,  and  settled  here  in  1770-7.  They  lived  on  the  Captain 
William  Jepson  place.  Mr  Graffam  had  three  sons  and  nine  daughters.  His  son, 
John,  married  three  wives,  and  had  a  family  of  ten  sons  and  eight  daughters. 

Among  the  early  settlers  were  Henry  and  William  Carville,  brothers,  and 
the  ancestors  of  the  Carvilles  in  town.  Henry  was  in  the  Revolutionary 
War,  and  for  many  years  was  a  pensioner.  He  died  in  1823  and  William  in  1829. 
Peter  Lenfest  came  here  about  1777,  and  married  Lydia,  daughter  of  Lawrence 
J.  Harris.  Mr  Lenfest  was  a  native  of  the  Isle  of  Guernsey,  in  the  English 
Channel.  The  house  which  he  occupied  for  nearly  30  years  is  still  standing. 
He  had  eight  sons  and  four  daughters.  He  died  in  1820.  His  daughter, 
Lydia,  married  Israel  Glidden,  who  owned  the  Lenfest  estate  for  many  years. 
Joel  Thompson,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  came  quite  early  into  the  plantation 
and  settled  on  what  is  even  now  known  as  the  Thompson  place,  on  the 
Webster  road.  He  came  from  Topsham.  Mr  Thompson  had  six  sons  and 
five  daughters.  T.  B.  Thompson  was  one  of  his  sons.  Mr  Thompson  was 
one  of  the  prominent  men  in  the  early  history  of  the  town,  and  filled  many 
official  positions,  was  a  representative  to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts, 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  board  of  selectmen,  town  clerk,  and  colonel 
of  his  regiment  of  militia,  in  all  of  which  positions  he  showed  ability.  Colonel 
Thompson  died  in  1841,  aged  87  years.  Caleb  Barker  came  here  very  early 
and  settled  on  the  Colonel  Ham  place.  His  son,  Jacob,  came  into  possession 
of  the  place  and  became  quite  a  wealthy  farmer.  He  died  in  1824,  aged  57 
years.  After  his  death  the  farm  became  the  property  of  his  son-in-law,  the 
late  Colonel   Ebenezer  Ham,  who   remained   in   possession    until   his   death. 


City  of  Lewiston.  351 


Joseph  Field  was  a  native  of  Northampton,  Mass.,  and  came  from  Freeport  to 
Lewiston.  He  settled  on  the  place  now  occupied  by  tlie  venerable  Deacon 
Stephen  Davis,  and  died  there  in  1815,  aged  66  years.  Deacon  Field  "  fought 
at  Bunker  Hill."  Oidy  a  few  of  his  descendants  now  remain  in  Lewiston. 
Tobias  Ham  was  one  of  the  early  settlers.  He  was  a  native  of  Brunswick, 
and  married  Elizabeth  Herrick,  sister  of  John  Herrick,  Esq.  His  farm  was  on 
the  Webster  road,  some  two  miles  from  the  city.  He  died  in  1812,  aged 
60  years. 

The  growth  of  the  southern  part  of  the  plantation  was  slow,  the  settlement 
incorporated  as  Greene,  in  1788,  attracting  more.  In  17*J0  Lewiston  had  532 
inhabitants,  and,  February  18,  1795,  it  was  incorporated  the  ninety-fifth  town, 
with  these  boundaries:  Beginning  at  the  bank  of  Androscoggin  river  at  the 
most  westerly  corner  of  the  town  of  Greene,  thence  running  southeast  on  the 
southerly  line  of  Greene  about  6  miles  to  the  Plymouth  Com[)any's  claim,  6 
miles  and  230  rods,  thence  soutliwest  about  260  rods  to  Androscoggin  river, 
thence  northerly  by  said  river  to  the  bounds  first  mentioned.  Daniel  Davis 
was  empowered  by  Benjamin  Merrill,  Esq.,  of  Greene,  to  call  the  first 
town  meeting,  which  was  lield  at  the  house  of  Jedediah  Morrell,  April 
6,171*5.  John  Herrick  was  clKxsen  moderator;  Noah  Litchfield,  clerk;  John 
Herrick,  Joel  Thompson,  Winslow  Ames,  James  Garcelon,  Daniel  Davis, 
selectmen;  Abner  Harris,  treasurer;  Nathan  Cutler,  collector;  James  Ames, 
Nathan  Cutler,  constables;  Nathan  Cutler,  Abner  Harris,  David  Pettengill, 
Bobert  Anderson,  Ezra  Furrinton,  James  Garcelon,  James  Turner,  Joel  Wright, 
Amos  Davis,  Jr,  highway  surveyors;  John  Marshall,  Oliver  l^arron,  Benjamin 
Moors,  Mark  Garcelon,  surveyors  of  lumber;  Samuel  llobinson,  Ezra 
Furrinton,  field  drivers;  Joseph  Fields,  William  Blaisdell,  Joel  Wright, 
William  Garcelon,  "  tiding-men "  ;  Michael  Little,  Samuel  Stephens,  Ezra 
Furrinton,  Thomas  Kann,  William  (lolder,  Jacob  Baiker,  hog-reeves.  In 
1807  Lewiston  cast  40  votes  for,  46  against  separation  from  Massachusetts; 
in  1816  73  votes  for,  83  against  separation;  in  1819  on  the  same  (question 
92  voted  for,  36  against,  llie  vote  to  adopt  the  state  constitution  stood  6C)  in 
favor,  1  opposed.  In  the  War  of  1812  Captain  Oliver  Herrick  raised  a 
company  which  served  in  1813  on  Lake  Chanq)lain.  Samuel  R.  Read,  John 
P.  Read,  and  Jonathan  Ray  were  prisoners  at  Montreal  and  Quebec  for  one 
year  from  July,  1813.  In  September,  1814,  Colonel  Walter  R.  Blaisdell's 
regiment  of  militia  was  ordered  into  service.  Two  companies  were  from 
Lewiston,  the  North  company,  under  Captain  Nathaniel  Sleeper,  and  the 
South  company,  under  Captain  George  Williams.  They  were  in  service  less 
than  a  month,  but  a  small  number  drafted  from  them  served  some  months. 

It  was  not  until  the  water-power  was  developed  that  Lewiston  was  anything 
more  than  a  prosperous  farming  town,  and  its  rapid  growth  is  due  to  the 
application  of  that  power  by  sagacious  capitalists.     In  1800  the  population  was 


352  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


948;  1810,  1,0^^8;  1820,  1,312;  1830,  1,549;  1840,  1,810.  From  1840  there  has 
been  a  wondrous  growth,  keeping  pace  with  the  increase  in  manufacturing. 
In  March,  1849,  the  Androscoggin  and  Kennebec  Raih-oad  was  completed  as  far 
as  Lewiston,  and  the  first  engine  crossed  the  bridge  March  24th.  Among  the 
corporators  were  William  II.  Frye,  James  Lowell,  Nathan  Reynolds,  N.  B. 
Reynolds,  John  M.  Frye,  and  Calvin  Gorham,  of  Lewiston.  In  1861  the 
Androscoggin  railroad  was  opened  for  travel  to  Lewiston.  These  facilities 
brouo-ht  large  numbers  of  residents,  and  the  town  two  years  later  became  a  city, 
which  now  bids  fair  to  be  the  metropolis  of  Maine. 

Civil  IjIST.— Town  Clerks— 'Noah  Litclifiekl,  1795  to  1800;  Dan  Read,  1801  to  1807,  1811,  1812,  181G 
to  182;?;  Winslow  Ames,  1802;  Joel  Thompson,  1808  to  1810,  1813  to  1815;  Nathan  Reynolds,  1821; 
William  Ciarcelon,  1824  to  1830;  Stephen  H.  Read,  1831  to  1834;  John  M.  Frye,  1835;  Samnel  G. 
Phillips,  1836  to  1838;  Edward  P.  Tobie,  1839  to  18fi2  except  1850  when  John  Smith  was  elected. 

Selectmen.  — 1795,  John  Herrick,  Joel  Thompson,  Winslow  Ames,  James  Garcelon,  Daniel  Davis; 
1796,  William  Garcelon,  Daniel  Davis,  John  Herrick;  1797,  1798,  John  Herrick,  Joel  Thompson, 
Winslow  Ames;  1799,  Oliver  Barron,  Ezra  Randall,  Winslow  Ames;  1800,  Winslow  Ames,  Dan  Read, 
Oliver  P>arron ;  1801,  Dan  Read,  Oliver  Barron,  Joel  Thompson;  1802,  Winslow  Ames,  Noah  Litch- 
field, Ezra  Randall;  1803,  Winslow  Ames,  Dan  Read,  Ezra  Randall;  1804,  1805,  1806,  Dan  Read, 
Daniel  Davis,  Winslow  Ames;  1807,  Dan  Read,  Joel  Thompson,  Oliver  Herrick;  1808,  1809.  Joel 
Thompson,  Winslow  Ames,  Ezra  Randall;  1810,  Joel  Tliompson,  Dan  Read,  Winslow  Ames;  1811, 
1812,  Dan  Read,  Joel  Thompson,  Walter  R.  Blaisdell;  1813,  Joel  Thompson,  William  Garcelon, 
Winslow  Ames;  1814,  1815,  Joel  Tliompson,  Dan  Read,  William  Garcelon;  1816,  1817,  Dan  Read, 
William  Garcelon,  Walter  R.  Blaisdell;  1818,  1819, 1820,  Dan  Read,  William  Garcelon,  Calvin  Gorham; 
1821,  Oliver  Herrick,  Nathan  Reynolds,  William  Dingley;  1822,  Oliver  Herrick,  Dan  Read,  William 
Dingley;  1823,  Dan  Read,  William  Garcelon,  William  Dingley;  1824,  1825,  1826,  1827,  William 
Garcelon,  Dan  Read,  William  Dingley;  1828,  1829,  William  Garcelon,  Dan  Read,  Walter  R.  Blaisdell; 
1830,  William  Garcelon,  William  Dingley,  Walter  R.  Blaisdell;  1831,  William  Garcelon,  Stephen  H. 
Read,  John  M.  Frye;  1832,  1833,  Stephen  H.  Read,  John  M.  Frye,  Samuel  D.  Garcelon;  1834,  Stephen 
H.  Read,  Samuel  D.  Garcelon,  Reuben  Rand;  1835,  Samuel  D.  Garcelon,  Reuben  Rand,  Jeremiah 
Stanford;  183(i,  Samuel  D.  Garcelon,  Ebenezer  Ham,  Daniel  Garcelon;  1837,  1838,  Ebenezer  Ham, 
Stephen  11.  Read,  Phineas  Wright;  1839,  Samuel  D.  Garcelon,  William  Garcelon,  Samuel  Litchfield; 
1840,  Stephen  H.  Read,  Ebenezer  Ham,  Reuben  Rand;  1841,  Ebenezer  Ham,  Reuben  Rand,  Mark 
Jjowell;  1842,  Reuben  Rand,  Arthur  Jameson,  Ebenezer  Ham;  1843,  Ebenezer  Ham,  Arthur  Jameson, 
James  Carville;  1844,  Ebenezer  Ham,  James  Carville,  Aaron  I).  Thorne;  1845,  Stephen  H.  Read, 
Samuel  D.  Garcelon,  Samuel  Litchfield;  1846,  Stephen  H.  Read,  Stephen  Davis,  Samuel  D.  Garcelon; 
1847,  Stephen  H.  Read,  Ebenezer  Ham,  Daniel  Garcelon;  1848,  William  R.  Frye,  Samuel  D.  (Jarcelou, 
Mark  Lowell;  1849,  William  R.  Frye,  Mark  Lowell,  Reuben  Rand;  1850,  Ebenezer  Ham,  Sanmel  D. 
Garcelon,  Ham  Brooks;  1851,  William  R.  Frye,  Ham  Brooks,  Reuben  Rand;  1852,  Stephen  H.  Read, 
Ham  Brooks,  John  B.  Jones;  1853,  1854,  William  R.  Frye,  Ebenezer  Ham,  Joseph  S.  Garcelon;  1855, 
John  Read,  Joseph  S.  Garcelon,  Mark  Lowell;  1856,  Joseph  S.  Garcelon,  ICbenezer  Ham,  Isaac  N, 
Parker;  1857.  William  R.  Frye,  Howe  Weeks,  Archibald  Wakefield;  1858,  Isaac  N.  Parker,  Timothy 
Walker,  Joshua  Merrill;  1859,  William  R.  Frye,  Jacob  B.  Ham,  Archibald  W^akefield;  1860,  Jacob  B. 
Ham,  Mark  Lowell,  Abial  M.  Jones;  1861,  Jacob  B.  Ham,  Mark  Lowell,  Thomas  Crowley;  1862,  Jacob 
B.  Ham,  Mark  Lowell,  Isaac  N.  Parker. 

CITY  OF  LEWISTON.  — The  act  to  incorporate  the  city  of  Lewiston 
was  approved  March  15,  1861,  and  adopted  by  the  town  November  22,  1862. 
The  first  city  election  was  in  March,  1863,  and  the  first  Mayor  was  inaugurated 
March  16. 

City  Governments.  — 18G3—Ma?/or,  Jacob  B.  Flam;  Aldermen,  Ste^phen  I.  Abbott, 
David  M.  Ayer,  Edward  Clark,  Marshall  French,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Samuel  W.  Kilvert, 
Thomas  D.  Thorne;  Councilnien,  lihodes  A.  Budloug,  George  A.  Clark,  Jeremiah  Crowley, 


City  of  Lewiston.  353 


Jr,  Ezekiel  S.  Davis,  Hersey  Day,  Joseph  S.  Garcelon,  William  F.  Garcelon,  Cyrus  Greely, 
Converse  J.  Pettengill,  George  H.  Pilsbury,  Jordan  K.  Piper,  John  Y.  Scruton,  William  H. 
Stevens,  James  Wood,  Josiah  G.  Coburn ;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tohie ;  Marshal,  Isaac  N. 
Parker. 

1864  —  Mayor,  Jacob  B.  Ilam;  AUkrmcn,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Samuel  W.  Kilvert,  Alonzo 
Garcelon,  Linneus  Chcetham,  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  Stephen  I.  Abbott,  Edward  Clark; 
Coimcilmcn,  Seth  Chandler,  Daniel  Holland,  Converse  J.  Pettengill,  Josiah  Day,  Cyrus 
Greely,  Alphens  C.  Locke,  Timothy  E.  Fogg,  John  Y.  Scruton,  George  Webb,  George  H. 
Chandler,  Samuel  E.  May,  A.  Byron  Reed,  Joseph  P.  Fessendeu,  Henry  C.  Goodenow, 
George  H.  Pilsbuiy,  Jordan  K.  Piper,  William  S.  Rogers,  Chester  C  Thing,  Joseph 
Blethen,  John  B.  Garcelon,  William  H.  Stevens;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie;  Marshal,  Isaac 
N.  Parker. 

1865  —  Mayor,  William  P.  Frye;  Aldermen,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Josiah  Day,  Timothy  E. 
Fogg,  Henry  C.  Goodenow,  Marshall  French,  Lorenzo  L.  Shaw  (resigned),  Allen  P. 
Winslow  (elected  to  fill  the  vacancy),  George  H.  Pilsbury;  Coimcilmen,  Daniel  Holland, 
Converse  J.  Pettengill,  Lewis  C.  Peck,  Lothrop  L.  Blake,  Cyrus  Greely,  John  N.  Wood, 
George  Webb,  Theophilus  B.  Thompson,  Plummcr  C  Tarbox,  George  n.  Chandler, 
Benjamin  R.  Cotton,  Albert  0.  Morgan,  Joseph  P.  Fessendeu,  Wells  W.  Ayer,  George  A. 
Clark,  William  S.  Rogers,  Benjamin  A.  Bailey,  R.  E.  Patterscm,  Joseph  Blethen,  John  B. 
Garcelon,  William  H.  Stevens;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie;  Marshal,  R.  Jordan. 

\'S(M\  — Mayor,  William  P.  Frye;  Aldermen,  Daniel  Holland,  Samuel  W.  Kilvert,  Tim- 
othy E.  Fogg,  Henry  C.  Goodenow,  Marshall  French,  Benjamin  A.  Bailey,  George  H. 
Pilsbury,  Seth  Chandler  (resigned),  Albert  O.  Morgan  (elected  to  fill  the  vacancy) ; 
Councilmen,  Lewis  C.  Peck,  Thomas  D.  Thorne,  Sylvanus  D.  Thomas,  Ransom  C.  Pingree, 
John  Goss,  John  H.  Randall,  Theophilus  B.  Thompson,  George  Webb,  Plummcr  C.  Tarbox, 
Albert  0.  Morgan,  Emery  O.  Bicknell,  Ira  W.  Coburn,  George  A.  Clark,  Wells  W.  Ayer, 
John  W.  Danielson,  Sanuiel  W.  Parmenter,  John  W.  Farwell,  Edward  M.  Dearborn,  D.  B. 
Sanderson,  Noah  Litchfield,  Horace  B.  Bartlett,  Joshua  D.  Rollins;  Clerk,  Edward  P. 
Tobie;  Marshal,  William  H.  Waldron. 

1867 — Mayor,  George  H.  Pilsbury;  Aldermen,  Thomas  D.  Thorne,  Ransom  C.  Pingree, 
IMark  Lowell,  Albert  0.  Morgan,  George  A.  Clark,  Jordan  K.  Piper,  Ebenezer  Ham; 
Councilmen,  Abial  M.  Jones,  David  T.  French,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  John  Goss,  Albert  B. 
Nealey,  Levi  W.  Gilman,  Isaac  G.  Curtis,  Isaac  R.  Hall,  James  B.  Tracy,  Ira  W.  Coburn, 
John  D.  Stetson,  James  Wrigley,  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  John  W.  Danielson,  Samuel  B.  Harmon, 
Samuel  B.  Parmenter,  John  W.  Farwell,  George  W.  Bean,  Horace  B.  Bartlett,  Noah 
Litchfield,  Natt  E.  Davis,  Lyman  Prescott  (resigned,  aud  Pardon  N.  Dexter  elected); 
Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie ;  Marshal,  Warren  P.  Laughton. 

1808  — M«y/or,  Isaac  N.  Parker;  Aldermen,  Abial  M.  Jones  (resigned).  Ransom  C. 
Pingree,  Patrick  McGillicuddy,  Jesse  S.  Lyford,  James  Sands  (resigned),  Stephen  I. 
Abbott,  Horace  B.  Bartlett,  Joseph  P.  Fessendeu  (to  fill  vacancy),  William  J.  Buruham  (to 
fill  vacancy);  Coimcilmen,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  James  Wood,  Dan  Whittum,  Albert  B. 
Nealey,  Joel  Nevens,  Seth  Chandler,  George  Webb,  Theophilus  B.  Thompson,  Harmon 
Dixon,  James  Wrigley,  William  H.  Monroe,  John  A.  Rodick,  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  David 
Cowan,  Benjamin  T.  Emery,  John  W.  Farwell,  Pardon  N.  Dexter,  John  B.  Cotton,  Joseph 
Blethen,  Daniel  B.  Jones,  John  B.  Garcelon;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie;  Marshal,  Isaac 
S.  Faunce. 

1869 — Mayor,  Isaac  N.  Parker;  Aldermen,  Joseph  P.  Fessendeu,  Jacob  B.  Ham, 
Milton  C.  Wedgwood,  James  Wrigley,  William  J.  Buruham,  Stephen  I.  Abbott,  Noah 
Litchfield;  Councilmen,  John  F.  Putnam,  John  N.  Wood,  Daniel  Wood,  William  Robinson, 
Martin  A.  Jones,  William  F.  Garcelon,  Joseph  H.  Day,  C.  I.  Barker,  H.  H.  Richardson, 


354  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


John  A.  Rodick,  George  Hauson,  Horace  W.  Barber,  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  David  Cowan, 
Richard  R.  Ricker,  John  W.  Farwell,  Ehjah  M.  Shaw,  Joseph  A.  Pierce,  John  B.  Garcelou, 
Jason  Rand,  Daniel  B.  Jones;  Clerh,  Edward  P.  Tohie;  Marshal,  Isaac  S.  Faunce. 

\%7()^ Mayor,  William  H.  Stevens;  Aldermen,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  Mandcville  T. 
Ludden,  Alonzo  Garcelon,  Isaac  C.  Dowues,  William  S.  Rogers,  Horace  B.  Bartlett,  David 
Cowan;  Councihncn,  John  F.  Putnam,  Alonzo  D.  Morton,  Albert  B.  Furbush,  Edward  H. 
Cummings,  Albert  E.  Frost,  J.  L.  H.  Cobb,  Cyrus  I.  Barker,  Roscoe  C.  Reynolds,  H.  H. 
Richardson,  Aaron  D.  Thorne,  Buel  W.  Dean,  Rufus  Carr,  Richard  R.  Ricker,  Cyrus 
Greely,  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  Benjamin  P.  Lowell,  Joseph  A.  Pierce,  Robert  D.  Sutherland, 
Jr,  Jesse  T.  Stevens,  William  R.  Wright,  James  Garcelou,  3d;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie; 
Marshal,  Oscar  G.  Douglass. 

1871— Mayor,  Alonzo  Garcelou;  Aldermen,  John  F.  Putnam,  Mandeville  T.  Ludden, 
David  F.  Noyes,  George  A.  Drew,  David  Cowan,  Stephen  I.  Abbott  (resigned),  Joseph  P. 
Gill,  William  S.  Rogers  (to  fill  vacancy);  Counellmcn,  Alonzo  B.  Morton,  Albert  B. 
Furbush,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Albert  E.  Frost,  George  A.  Callahan,  Benjamin  Litchfield, 
Roscoe  C.  Reynolds,  Thomas  Ward,  Eli  B.  Clark,  Rufus  Carr,  John  Riley,  T.  B.  Rowell, 
Josiah  G.  Coburn,  Cyrus  Greely,  Charles  P.  Wellman,  Richard  Skelton,  David  Phete- 
place,  Eaton  Patterson  (resigned),  William  J.  Rodick,  William  R.  Wright,  George  W. 
Crockett,  Benjamin  A.  Bailey  (to  fill  vacancy);  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie;  Marshal,  Roscoe 
C.  Reynolds  (resigned);  Ham  Brooks  (elected  to  fill  vacancy). 

1872  — Mayor,  David  Cowan;  Aldermen,  John  F.  Putnam,  William  F.  Garcelon,  Cyrus 
I.  Barker,  Ezekiel  S.  Davis,  Cyrus  Greely,  William  S.  Rogers,  Horace  B.  Bartlett; 
Councdmen,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Joseph  H.  Day,  Alonzo  E.  Jackson,  George  A.  Callahan, 
Benjamin  Litchfield,  Ai  Brooks,  Abial  Daley,  Nathaniel  E.  Skelton,  Phil  P.  Getchell, 
Herbert  C.  Bradford,  0.  M.  Maxwell,  Linneus  Cheetham,  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  N.  R. 
Lougee,  Horace  C.  Little,  Richard  Skelton,  Benjamin  A.  Bailey,  David  Pheteplace, 
John  Goss,  William  F.  Morrell,  John  S.  P.  Ham;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie;  Marshal,  H. 
H.  Richardson. 

J873 — ilfaj/or,  Nathan  W.  Farwell;  Aldermen, 'R'A,ns,om  C  Piugree,  William  F.  Gar- 
celon, Alonzo  Garcelon,  George  A.  Drew,  Cyrus  Greely,  A.  J.  Morse,  Horace  B  Bartlett; 
CoiincUmen,  Joseph  H.  Day,  Daniel  Holland,  J.  L.  H.  Cobb,  Ai  Brooks,  Samuel  W.  Libby, 
Pluramer  C.  Tarbox,  James  M.  Small,  Patrick  McGillicuddy,  A.  L.  Goss,  Frank  A.  Conant, 
John  Brophy,  John  H.  Gooch,  Edmund  Russell,  Z.  H.  Spinney,  Charles  H.  Perkins,  Joseph 
W.  Quimby,  Hiram  Snow,  Byron  W.  Getchell,  Abel  Goddard,  Joseph  Miller,  William  J. 
Rodick;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie;  Marshal,  H.  H.  Richardson. 

1874 — Mayor,  H.  H.  Dickey;  Aldermen,  Ransom  C.  Pingree,  A.  Wakefield,  David  F. 
Noyes,  Michael  A.  Ward,  Thoraas  Fillebrown,  James  Dempsey,  Horace  B.  Bartlett; 
Councdmen,  Abial  M.  Jones,  John  Y.  Scruton,  Benjamin  F.  Clough,  Samuel  W.  Libby, 
Pluramer  C.  Tarbox,  Frederick  B.  Spi-ague,  Jabez  W.  Murray,  Moses  D.  Golder,  William 
Collins,  George  Pottle,  John  Brophy,  Clinton  B.  Heath,  Edmund  Russell,  A.  B.  Watson, 
William  D.  Pennell,  Edwin  D.  Wiggin,  John  Scott,  Wilson  Moody,  Nathan  W.  Dutton, 
Joseph  Miller,  Gideon  Perkins;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie;  Marshal,  David  F.  Noyes. 

1875  —  Mayor,  Edmund  Russell;  Aldermen,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Warren  E.  Pressey,  Alonzo 
Garcelon,  Isaac  C  Dowues,  William  D.  Pennell,  David  Pheteplace,  Charles  C.  Cobb; 
Councdmen,  John  Y.  Scruton,  Benjamin  F.  Clough,  Sylvauus  D.  Thomas,  George  S. 
Follansbee,  George  A.  Chandler,  Nelson  Howard,  William  Collins,  Patrick  McGillicuddy, 
Selden  A.  Cummings,  Thomas  W.  Murch,  Thomas  D.  Thorne,  Charles  H.  Hobbs,  A.  B. 
Watson,  John  H.  Stetson,  Milton  C.  Wedgwood,  B.  W.  Getchell,  Joseph  J.  Davis,  Albert 
Cook,  Nathan  W.  Dutton,  D.  Horace  Holman,  Gideon  Perkins;  Clerk,  Edward  P.  Tobie 
(dec);  Everett  A.  Nash  ( to  fill  vacancy);  Marshal,  Oscar  G.  Douglass. 


City  of  Lewiston.  355 


1876  —  3Iai/or,  Edmund  Russell ;  Aldermen,  Abial  M.  Jones,  Warren  E.  Pressey,  Alonzo 
Garcelon,  Thomas  Ward,  William  D.  Pennell,  Albert  Cook,  Charles  C.  Cobb;  Councilmen, 
John  Y.  Scruton,  Sylvanus  D.  Thomas,  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  Nelson  Howard,  Joseph  W. 
Perkins,  Albert  E.  Frost,  William  Collins,  Patrick  McGillicuddy,  Moses  D.  Goldor,  George 
A.  Drew,  William  Leader,  Ervin  V.  Daly,  John  H.  Stetson,  John  Garner,  George  A. 
Chandler,  Menander  Dennett,  Hillman  Smith,  Frank  E.  Severance,  D.  Horace  Holman, 
Joseph  Bletlien,  Daniel  B.  Jones;  Clerk,  Everett  A.  Nash;  Marshal,  Oscar  G.  Douglass. 

\S77  —  3Ia>/or,  Ednumd  Russell;  Aldermen,  J.  L.  H.  Cobb,  Nelson  Howard,  Alonzo 
Garcelon,  Jesse  S.  Lyford,  William  D.  Pennell,  Dennis  J.  Callahan,  John  B.  Garcelon ; 
Councilmen,  John  Y.  Scruton,  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  David  B.  Strout,  Albert  E.  Frost,  Joseph 
W.  Perkins,  Jacob  L.  Hayes,  Alfred  M.  Hitchcock,  William  C  Bailey,  Selden  A.  Cummiugs, 
Timothy  J.  Murphy,  Ervin  V.  Daly  (  resigned  ),  Richard  Burke,  George  A.  Chandler,  John 
Garner,  F'red  B.  Sands,  Cyrus  Haskell,  Wilson  Moody,  G.  G.  Berry,  Joseph  S.  Garcelon, 
Liberty  H.  Hutchinson,  Frank  W.  Parker,  W.  W.  Sanborn  (to  fill  vacancy);  Clerk,  Everett 
A.  Nash;  Marshal,  Warren  P.  Laughton. 

1878  — Mayor,  Jesse  S.  Lyford;  Aldermen,  Joseph  H.  Day,  Oliver  Newman,  Patrick 
McGillicuddy,  Michael  Eagan,  John  Garner,  Dennis  J.  Callahan,  William  J.  Rodick; 
Councilmen,  David  B.  Strout,  Joseph  K.  Blanchard,  Silas  W.  Cook,  Roscoe  C  Reynolds, 
Timothy  O.  Callahan,  George  G.  Hartwell,  Alfred  M.  Hitchcock,  Calvin  W.  Clark,  Thomas 
Sugrue,  Timothy  J.  Murphy,  Richard  Burke,  William  W.  Sanborn,  Fred  B.  Sands,  Richard 
R.  Kicker,  Isaac  Goddard,  Jr,  Giles  G.  Berry,  Wilson  Moody,  Cyrus  Haskell,  John  W. 
West,  Isaac  A.  Hayes,  Ezra  C.  Kilgore;  Clerk,  Fred  D.  Lyford ;  Marshal,  John  C.  Quinby. 

\87^  — Mayor,  Joseph  H.  Day;  Aldermen,  David  B.  Strout,  William  F.  Garcelon, George 
F.  French,  Dennis  J.  Callahan,  John  Garner,  James  Chandley,  Maudeville  T.  Luddeu; 
Councilmen,  Joseph  K.  Blanchard,  Silas  W.  Cook,  Seth  Chandler,  John  Given,  Plummer  C. 
Tarbox,  RendiiU  Dresser,  Calvin  W.  Clark,  Thomas  Sugrue,  William  Collins,  John  Brophy, 
Thomas  Kelley,  William  W.  Sanborn,  Fred  B.  Sands,  Richard  R.  Ricker,  William  Lydston, 
Wilson  Moody,  Cyrus  Haskell,  Thomas  Murphy,  Daniel  Allen,  Elbridge  G.  Woodside, 
Andrew  J.  Hinckley;  Clerk,  Charles  F.  Goss;    Marshal,  Hillman  Smith. 

\%m  — Mayor,  Joseph  H.  Day;  Aldermen,  David  B.  Strout,  Liberty  H.  Hutchinson, 
Alonzo  M.  Garcelon,  Dennis  J.  Callahan,  Fred  B.  Sands,  James  Chandley,  Nathan  W. 
Dutton;  CouncHmen,  Joseph  K.  Blanchard,  Addison  Small,  Seth  Chandler,  Rendall 
Dresser,  Henry  A.  Torsey,  Fred  H.  White,  William  Collins,  Frank  W.  Martin,  Thomas 
Sugrue,  Royal  Quimby,  John  Brophy,  Eben  Murch,  William  Lydston,  Charles  Horbury, 
Cyrus  Greely,  Palmer  C.  Thompson,  John  B.  Smith,  L.  LeFebvre,  Elbridge  G-  Woodside, 
Melvin  J.  Googin,  Daniel  Allen;  Clerk,  Everett  A.  Nash;  Marshal,  Hillman  Smith. 

l^m  — Mayor,  Mandeville  T.  Ludden ;  Aldermen,  Seth  Chandler,  Liberty  H.  Hutch- 
inson, Alonzo  M.  Garcelon,  Daniel  S.  Fitzgerald,  William  Lydston,  John  B.  Smith,  Nathan 
W\  Dutton;  Councilmen,  Addison  Small,  Isaac  C.  Merrill,  Sylvanus  B.  Hayes,  Henry  A. 
Torsey,  Fred  H.  White,  Adelbert  D.  Cornish,  Selden  A.  Cummings,  Charles  W.  Waldron, 
Fred  H.  Thornton,  Eben  Murch,  George  W.  Furbush,  Joseph  D.  Montmarquet,  Charles 
Horbury,  Cyrus  Greely,  Fred  F.  Garcelon,  Cyrus  Haskell,  George  F.  Drew,  Leon  LeFebvre, 
Melvin  J.  Googin,  Leonard  P.  Woodbury,  William  W.  Clough;  C'terA,  Everett  A.Nash; 
Marshal,  Hillman  Smith. 

1882  — ilfa^or,  David  Farrar;  Aldermen,  Seth  Chandler,  Jacob  L.  Hayes,  Howard  N. 
Wagg,  Daniel  S.  Fitzgerald,  Cyrus  Greely,  John  B.  Smith,  Horace  B.  Bartlett;  Coun- 
cilmen, Adelbert  D.  Cornish,  Charles  D.  Lemont,  Horace  Libby,  Sylvanus  B.  Hayes, 
Thomas  B.  Longley,  Isaac  C.  Merrill,  William  Collins,  Benjamin  F.  Peterson,  Thomas 
Mansfield,  George  W.  Furbush.  Joseph  D.  Montmarquet,  Everett  0.  Hilton,  Fred  F, 
Garcelon,  Simeon  H.  Murray,  Magloire  Phaneuf,  George  F.  Drew,  Joseph  E.  Cloutier. 


356  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Daniel  Finn,  Frank  W.  Parker,  Albert  L.  Templeton,  William  W.  Clough ;  Clerk,  Everett 
A.  Nash;  Marshal,  Hillman  Smith. 

1883  — Mayor,  Alouzo  M.  Garcelon;  Aldermen,  Fessendeu  I.  Day,  Charles  C.  Wilson, 
Howard  N  Wagg,  Moses  D.  Golder,  Sanmel  Booth,  Cornelius  O'Connell,  Archie  L.  Talbot; 
Councihiien,  Thomas  H.  Lougley,  Charles  H.  Miller,  Albion  K.  Ordway,  Roscoe  C. 
Reynolds,  John  A.  Tracy,  Oren  A.  Norton,  William  Collins,  Benjamin  F.  Peterson,  George 
W.  Ham,  0.  Everett  Hilton,  Timothy  F.  Callahan,  Frank  Peltier,  Stanislas  Marcous, 
Josiah  G.  Coburn,  James  Vaughn,  Joseph  E.  Cloutier,  John  J.  Burke,  Jonathan  F. 
Herrick,  George  G.  Wagg,  Albert  L.  Templeton,  Frank  W.  Parker;  Clerk,  William  J. 
Rodick;  Marshal,  George  W.  Metcalf. 

1884 — Mayor,  Nelscm  Howard;  Aldermen,  Fessenden  I.  Day,  Albert  E.  Frost,  Howard 
N.  Wagg,  Timothy  F.  Callahan,  Samuel  Booth,  Cornelius  O'Connell,  Archie  L.  Talbot; 
Councilmen,  Charles  H.  Miller,  Albion  K.  Ordway,  Edwin  H.  Woodside,  Isaac  C.  Dowues, 
Charles  S.  Crowell,  Charles  D.  Lemont,  Cornelius  J.  Callahan,  S.  A.  Baker,  John  E.  Gagne, 
William  Leader,  Cleophas  Thibault;  Fred  E.  Loavitt,  Stanislas  Marcous,  James  Vaughn, 
Nathaniel  W.  Tarbox,  John  Scott,  Charles  Marchand,  Anthony  E.  McDonough,  George  G. 
Wagg,  Frank  L.  Hoyt,  Ivory  W.  Emerson;    Clerk,  William  J.  Rodick;    Marshal,  James 

A.  O'Brien  (acting). 

1885  —  Mayor,  Charles  Walker;  Aldermen,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  Roscoe  C.  Reynolds, 
Alonzo  M.  Garcelon,  Timothy  F.  Callahan,  Charles  H.  Osgood,  Anthony  E.  McDonough, 
Frank  W.  Parker;  Councilmen,  Edwin  H.  Woodside,  James  T.  Small,  Everett  A.  Nash, 
Orin  A.  Norton,  Alva  D.  Barker,  Isaac  M.  Blake,  Cornelius  J.  Callahan,  Michael  A.  Ward, 
Fred  E.  Leavitt,  William  Leader,  Louis  Joncas,  Charles  E.  Morgan,  Magloirc  Phaneuf, 
Mathew  McGawley,  Wells  H.  Bates,  Charles  0.  Godwin,  Jeremiah  F.  Sullivan,  Eli  Roi,  Frank 
L.  Hoyt,  Ivory  W.  Emerson,  Frank  L.  Noble;  Clerk,  Wm  J.  Rodick ;  Marshal,  John  French. 

\Q%Q— Mayor,  David  Cowan;  Aldermen,  A.  K.  P.  Knowlton,  Rendall  Dresser,  Charles 
G.  English,  Timothy  Callahan,  Pierre  X.  Angers,  Michael  A.  Murphy,  Frank  W.  Parker; 
Councilmen,  Everett  A.  Nash,  Isaac  S.  Faunce,  James  T.  Tarbox,  Isaac  M.  Blake,  Charles 
D.  Lemont,  Edward  Webb,  Cornelius  J.  Callahan,  Michael  A.  Ward,  Benjamin  F.  Getchell, 
William  Leader,  Louis  Joncas,  Charles  E.  Morgan,  Edwin  C.  Douglas,  Israel  B.  Merrill, 
George  W.  Goss,  James  McManus,  Charles  0.  Paradis,  John  O'Rourke,  Frank  L.  Noble, 
Alonzo  W.  Sturges,  Byron  S.  Adams;  Clerk,  John  Sabin;  Marshal,  Daniel  Guptill. 

1887  —  Mayor,  Daniel  J.  McGillicuddy;  Aldermen,  Everett  A.  Nash,  Alva  D.  Barker, 
Michael  A.  Coyne,  Frank  A.  Couant,  Pierre  X.  Angers,  Michael  A.  Murphy,  Frank  L.  Hoyt; 
Councilmen,  Isaac  S.  Faunce,  James  T.  Tarbox,  Albert  S.  Pluramer,  Isaac  M.  Blake,  Cyrus 
M.  Luut,  George  F.  Reynolds,  Benjamin  F.  Getchell,  Newton  J.  Wedgwood,  Thomas 
Robinson,  William  Leader,  Charles  E.  Morgan,  John  E.  Gagne,  Edwin  C.  Douglas,  Israel 

B.  Morrill,  George  W.  Goss,  James  McManus,  Alfred  W.  Maillet,  Menander  Dennett, 
Alonzo  W.  Sturges,  Byron  S.  Adams,  Charles  0.  Morrell;  Clerk,  John  Sabin;  Marshal, 
Daniel  Guptill. 

1888  —  Mayor,  Horace  C.  Little;  Aldermen,  Wallace  H.  White,  Alva  D.  Barker, 
Michael  A.  Coyne,  Fred  L.  Tarr,  Pierre  X.  Angers,  Michael  A.  Murphy,  Frank  L.  Hoyt; 
CouncHmcn,  Albert  S.  Plummer,  J.  Frank  Boothby,  William  F.  Wood,  Cyrus  M.  Lunt, 
Charles  S.  Crowell,  Eben  W.  Dresser,  Newton  J.  Wedgwood,  Thomas  Robinson,  Alexander 
McWilliams,  Augustus  Marcous,  Frank  H.  Johnson,  Charles  C.  Benson,  William  Scott, 
James  M.  Sherman,  Henri  Lezotte,  Menander  Dennett,  Alfred  W.  Maillett,  Patrick  J, 
Flaherty,  Abram  W.  Garcelon,  Charles  0.  Morrell,  William  A.  Libby;  Clerk,  John  F. 
Putnam ;  Marshal,  Selden  A.  Cunnniugs. 

\^m  — Mayor,  Horace  C.  Little;  Aldermen,  Wallace  H.  White,  Cyrus  M.  Lunt, 
Napoleon  B.  Stockbridge,   Charles  C.  IJenson,  Daniel  S.  Fitzgerald,   James  L.   Kenney, 


City  of  Lewiston.  357 


Charles  O.  Morrell;  Councilmen,  William  F.  Wood,  J.  Frank  Bootliby,  William  T.  Smart, 
Ebeu  W.  Dresser,  Benjamin  Litchfield,  Michael  P.  McGillicuddy,  James  J.  Mottram, 
Edwin  K.  Smith,  Frank  Wright,  Martin  A.  Ward,  George  W.  Cappers,  Ossian  N.  Briggs, 
James  M.  Sherman,  Henry  Lezotte,  Daniel  E.  Murphy,  John  O'Roiivke,  Patrick  J. 
Flaherty,  Cornelius  W.  Murphy,  William  A.  Libby,  Abram  W.  Garcelon,  George  M. 
Coombs ;  Clerk,  John  F.  Putnam ;  Marshdl,  Selden  A.  Cummings. 

]8W—  Mni/or,  Daniel  J.  McGillicuddy;  Aldermen,  Sylvanus  B.  Hayes,  Cyrus  M.  Lunt, 
Henry  Hines,  Patrick  J.  Cronin,  Louis  J.  Martel,  John  L.  Kenney,  William  A.  Libby; 
Councilmen,  Samuel  C.  Leslie,  Jr,  George  D.  Armstrong,  George  W.  Goss,  Michael  C. 
McGillicuddy,  George  C.  Judkins,  Jacob  L.  Hayes,  George  E.  Harrison,  Josiah  B.  Longley, 
Louis  Langelior,  Ossian  N.  Briggs,  Oliver  A.  Frasier,  Mathew  McGawley,  W.  D.  Crafts, 
John  E.  Gagne,  Cornelius  Russell,  Frank  Peltier,  Cornelius  W.  Murphy,  George  W. 
Coombs,  Andrew  L.  Marble,  David  A.  Scanned;  Clerk,  Francois  X.  Bellcan;  Marshal, 
Mathew  McGawley. 

Wd\— Mayor,  William  H.  Newell;  Aldermen,  Sylvanus  B.  Hayes,  Cyrus  M.  Lunt, 
Henry  Hines,  Alonzo  M.  Garcelon,  Louis  J.  Martel,  C.  W.  Murphy,  William  A.  Libby; 
Councilmen,  Samuel  C.  Leslie,  Jr,  George  W.  Goss,  George  M.  Kavanaugh,  Michael  P. 
McGillicuddy,  George  C.  Judkins,  Jacob  L.  Hayes,  Josiah  B.  Longley,  Cornelius  O'Connell, 
P.  M.  Doyle,  Clcophas  Thibeault,  William  Leader,  George  Welpley,  John  J.  Sheehan,  Regis 
Provost,  A.  K.  P.  Harvey,  Cornelius  Russell,  Frank  Peltier,  William  Scott,  David  A. 
Scannell,  A.  Llewellyn  Marble,  Arion  C.  Peirce;  Clerk,  Francois  X.  Belleau;  Marshal, 
Mathew  McGawley.  Treasurers,  David  Farrar,  from  1862  to  1871  ;  John  S.  Adams,  1872; 
David  Farrar,  1873  to  1877;  A.  Wakefield,  1878;  David  Farrar,  1879  to  1881;  A.  M.  Jones, 
1882;  Charles  Walker,  1883  to  1885;  David  Farrar,  1886  to  1889;  Seth  D.  Wakefield, 
1890,  1891. 


CHAPTER    XVII. 

Ecclesiastical  History —Church  Organizations  —  Schools. 

THE  BAPTISTS.  The  Old  South  Church.  — hi  1783  Rev.  James  Potter, 
of  Bowdoinham,  Me,  a  Baptist  preacher,  made  his  first  missionary  tour 
to  the  then  plantation  of  Lewiston,  undoubtedly  the  first  minister  who 
visited  the  place.  Mr  Potter  relates  in  his  autobiography  the  circumstances 
and  incidents  connected  with  his  first  visit.  His  success  was  complete,  but  no 
effort  was  made  to  organize  a  church  or  society  until  17H9,  and  then  a 
conference  only  was  instituted,  and  the  ordinances  administered  once  in  four 
months.  The  conference  was  composed  of  members  residing  in  Lewiston, 
Greene,  Bowdoin  (now  Webster),  Freeport,  Wales,  New  Gloucester,  and 
Pejepscot  (Danville),  now  the  southern  part  of  the  city  of  Auburn.  Scattered 
as  they  were,  they  maintained  religious  worship,  receiving  the  ministrations 


358  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

of  Rev.  Messrs  Potter,  Case,  and  Macomber.  Gathering  strength  with  every 
year,  they  were  enabled  to  organize  a  church  March  3,  1792,  consisting  of  55 
members.  Potter,  Case,  and  Macomber  taking  part  in  the  recognition.  The 
organization  was  probably  effected  in  the  barn  of  Abner  Harris,  who  was 
without  doubt  one  of  the  first  deacons  and  at  whose  residence,  for  the  most 
part,  until  1795,  the  church  worshiped.  From  1795  until  the  completion  of 
the  "  Old  South  Church  "  in  1888,  the  church  worshiped  in  the  school-house 
on  what  is  now  known  as  Rose  Hill. 

It  is  utterly  impossible  at  this  time,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  church 
records,  to  state  definitely  when  the  church  engaged  its  first  pastor,  Rev.  Levi 
Chadbourn,  who  was  received  by  them  with  more  than  ordinary  interest. 
Prepossessing  in  appearance,  with  a  fine  address  and  apparent  piety,  he  soon 
won  the  confidence  of  the  church  and  the  esteem  of  the  community.  The 
society  immediately  commenced  the  erection  of  a  parsonage  on  land  owned  by 
Abner  Harris,  now  owned  and  occupied  by  William  M.  Chamberlin,  Esq.,  but 
it  was  not  completed.  Mr  Chadbourn's  stay  was  short.  Slander  assailed  his 
character,  and  his  usefulness  in  the  community  was  destroj'ed.  Notwith- 
standing these  unfavorable  circumstances  the  prosperity  of  the  church  was 
such  that  it  was  deemed  expedient  for  the  members  who  resided  in  other  towns 
to  organize  conferences  and  churches  in  their  respective  communities;  but 
this  was  not  effected  at  once.  The  members  who  resided  in  Greene  were 
constituted  a  church  in  1793,  and  the  same  year  those  in  Webster  organized  a 
conference,  and  in  1794  a  conference  was  instituted  in  Pejepscot.  The  next 
year  those  living  in  New  Gloucester  were  dismissed  to  form  a  new  church,  and 
those  in  Freeport  were  dismissed  in  1797  to  join  the  church  at  North  Yar- 
mouth. The  depletions  made  by  these  dismissals  were  more  than  filled  by 
tlie  accessions  during  1794  and  1796,  the  fruits  of  interesting  revivals  which 
took  place  during  those  years.  From  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the 
church  until  1802  the  society  received  the  occasional  ministrations  of  Mr 
Potter;  but  now  one  of  their  own  members.  Rev.  Benjamin  Cole,  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  church.  Mr  Cole  remained  the  successful  and  honored 
pastor,  with  the  exception  of  short  intervals,  when  he  supplied  other  places 
until  near  the  time  of  his  death,  September  10,  1839.  Rev.  James  Garcelon 
was  pastor  in  1815. 

The  continued  prosperity  of  the  church,  the  large  accessions  to  its  mem- 
bers, the  necessity  of  a  more  commodious  and  convenient  place  of  worship, 
induced  the  members  of  the  church  and  some  others,  early  in  1818,  to  take 
measures  to  supply  this  great  want.  The  first  public  meeting  for  the  purpose 
was  held  February  19,  1818,  when  Winslow  Ames  was  chosen  moderator  and 
Noah  Litchfield,  clerk.  At  a  subsequent  meeting,  William  (xarcelon,  Jr,  was 
chosen  clerk  and  treasurer,  and  David  Pettengill,  I'homas  Hodgkin,  and 
Joseph  Dill  were  chosen  a  committee  "  to  look  out  a  place  to  set  a  meeting- 


City  of  Lewiston.  359 


house,"  who  reported  at  a  meeting  held  March  7,  that  the  "  southerly  corner  of 
James  Mitchell's  land  "  would  be  a  desirable  location.  The  society  bought 
one-half  acre  of  land  at  this  place,  it  being  valued  at  $H.  The  building 
committee,  William  Garcelon,  Jr,  Jacob  Golder,  and  Thomas  Hodgkin,  carried 
forward  the  work  with  energy  and  success,  for  we  find  that  the  proprietors  "  met 
at  the  meeting-house  frame,  Monday,  June  22,  1818."  The  meeting-house  was 
finished  in  November,  1818,  and  the  pews,  86  in  number  —  56  in  the  body  of 
the  house,  and  30  in  the  gallery  —  were  prized  at  $2,200,  and  sold  at  auction  for 
choice,  by  Winslow  Ames,  November  28,  1818.  The  house  was  41x45  feet 
and  cost  $2,2C)0,  and  was  dedicated  December  1,  1818,  Rev.  Henry  Kendall, 
of  Topsham,  preaching  the  sermon. 

Among  the  proprietors  of  the  "Old  South  Church"  were  a  number  of 
Universalists,  who,  in  1821,  under  the  direction  of  Mr  Ezra  Handall,  formerly 
a  deacon  of  the  church,  demanded  their  proportionate  part  of  the  time.  To 
this  end  they  petitioned  the  prudential  committee,  saying  they  "believed  in 
an  impartial  Allmity,"  whom  they  desired  to  worship.  Their  request  was 
promptly  granted.  In  1826  Rev.  Mr  Frost,  of  Lisbon,  was  engaged  to  preach 
for  the  society,  and  finally  a  contract  was  made  to  settle  him  as  pastor,  after 
which  he  informed  the  society  that  he  was  a  Universalist.  He  had  secured  a 
majority  of  the  proprietors  as  a  Baptist,  but  in  his  new  role  he  was  less 
successful.  He  was  immediately  dismissed.  Rev.  James  Garcelon,  Jr,  was 
ordained  in  1841,  and  soon  after  became  pastor  of  the  church,  a  relation  which 
he  sustained  until  the  church  became  extinct,  about  1847. 

The  "Old  South  Meetingdiouse  "  besides  its  use  as  a  church  was  occupied 
for  various  public  purposes,  and  for  a  number  of  years,  until  Jones's  Hall  was 
completed  (1850)  as  a  town-house.  But  after  the  organization  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  1847,  which  included  some  of  the  members  of  the  "Old 
South,"  which  for  more  than  fifty  years  had  been  vigorous  and  had  enjoyed 
so  large  a  share  of  prosperity,  it  became  extinct  and  its  members  were 
mostly  absorbed  by  the  First  Baptist.  The  church,  not  being  occupied  for 
religious  purposes,  and  nearly  all  of  the  original  proprietors  having  died  or 
become  interested  in  other  places  of  worship,  was  sold  in  1852,  by  order  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  for  -^250,  to  Samuel  Litchfield  and  J.  L.  Cutter.  It  was  taken 
down  and  removed  to  the  "Falls,"  where  it  was  rebuilt.  It  is  situated  nearly 
opposite  the  lower  Maine  Central  depot.  Five  members  of  the  Old  South 
Church  became  ministers,  viz.,  James  Garcelon,  Benjamin  Cole,  Joseph 
Roberts,  Jacob  Golder,  and  James  Garcelon,  Jr. 

The  Free  Baptist  Church.  —  During  his  missionary  tour  in  the  autumn  of 
1783,  Rev.  Benjamin  Randall,  of  New  Durham,  N.  H.,  the  founder  of  the  Free 
Baptist  denomination,  visited  Lewiston,  where  he  preached  and  baptized  for 
the  first  time,  but  did  not  organize  a  church.  It  was  his  custom  to  receive  all 
who  desired  to  become   members  into  his  church  at  New   Durham.     But  a 


360  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 

membership  so  widely  scattered  was  not  easily  controlled,  and  he  soon  found 
some  of  his  Lewiston  members  expressing  dissatisfaction  with  some  of  the  doc- 
trines he  had  so  zealously  advocated.  Notwithstanding,  however,  the  defection 
of  some  of  the  members,  the  number  of  adherents  steadily  increased,  and  it  was 
deemed  expedient  to  organize  a  church  in  Lewiston,  which  was  done  Septem- 
ber 10,  1803,  the  usual  services  being  conducted  by  Rev.  Ephraim  Stinchfield, 
of  New  Gloucester,  who  had  preached  in  Lewiston  as  early  as  1790.  But 
little  can  be  gleaned  of  the  history  of  this  church,  which  maintained  its  exist- 
ence, however,  with  more  or  less  prosperity  until  1817.  It  is  not  probable 
that  the  church  ever  had  a  settled  pastor,  but  was  supplied  with  preaching  by 
clergymen  who  visited  the  place,  and,  undoubtedly,  for  much  of  the  time  by 
Rev.  Benjamin  Thorne,  who  was  a  member  of  the  church.  In  1817  there  was 
an  extensive  revival  under  the  labors  of  Rev.  Josiah  Farwell,  and  a  church 
organized  December  3,  1817,  at  the  Herrick  school-house,  which  embraced 
quite  a  number  of  the  members  of  the  First  Church,  and  which  finally  sup- 
planted it.  The  church  as  originally  formed  comprised  twenty  members,  viz.: 
Rev.  Benjamin  Thorne,  John  Mooar,  Oliver  Herrick,  Luther  Litchfield,  Wade 
Litchfield,  Hannah  Thorne,  Elizabeth  Graffam,  Alice  Thorne,  Abigail  Thorne, 
Mary  Thorne,  Hannah  Thorne,  2d,  Hannah  Cutler,  Martha  Mooar,  Sally 
Wright,  Ruth  Cole,  Rhoda  Litchfield,  Lucy  Lander,  Susan  Paul,  Charlotte 
Pettengill,  and  Cyntha  Cutler.  At  the  organization  of  the  church  Oliver 
Herrick  was  chosen  clerk,  a  position  he  held  for  many  years.  Jonathan 
Nash  and  Luther  Litclifield  were  chosen  deacons,  August  0,  1818,  and  on  the 
l*.>th  of  November  of  the  same  year  "  Elder  Benjamin  Thorne  was  received  as 
tlie  pastor  and  teacher  agreeable  to  the  New  Testament  Order,"  a  relation 
which  he  long  held.  Soon  after  the  church  was  organized  and  in  connection 
with  the  labors  of  Rev.  Mr  Farwell,  measures  were  taken  to  construct  a  house 
of  worship.  Active  operations  were  commenced  in  1818,  but  the  house  Avas 
not  completed  and  dedicated  until  December,  1820.  It  was  located  on  Main 
street  on  the  north  side  of  Mountain  avenue,  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the 
residence  of  Mr  Fred  H.  White,  where  it  remained  until  October  2,  1838, 
when  it  was  removed  to  the  corner  of  Main  and  Chapel  streets  —  Haymarket 
Square- — and  occupied  by  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptists  until  February,  1856. 
The  church  had  a  nominal  existence  until  about  1840,  Avhen  only  some  eight 
persons  retained  their  connection  with  it. 

Tltc  Frivtuh  Soclctij. —  The  history  of  the  denomination  called  the  Friends 
is  involved  in  much  obscurity.  Amos  Davis  was,  undoubtedly,  the  first  person 
of  that  persuasion  in  Lewiston.  He  was  a  very  worthy  and  exemplary  man, 
and  took  a  great  interest  in  the  prosperity  and  usefulness  of  the  society.  Davis 
was  the  first  elder  and  continued  until  his  death,  March  20, 1815.  This  office  was 
then  filled  by  his  son,  David,  who  died  January  5, 1851.  Levi  Meader  succeeded 
Mr  Davis.     Mr  Meader  died  April  2,  1872.     Mr  Amos  Davis  fitted  up  a  small 


City  of  Lewiston.  361 


building  in  the  old  burying-ground  on  Sabatis  street  for  a  meeting  and  school, 
which  was  occupied  for  several  years.  The  Friends  built  the  first  meeting-house 
in  town,  completed  in  1811.  It  was  situated  on  the  Vining  farm  on  the  old 
Lisbon  road,  where  it  remained  until  185(3,  when  it  was  taken  down  and 
removed  to  what  is  known  as  the  Isaac  Goddard  farm,  on  the  river  road.  For 
many  years  the  town  held  its  meetings  in  tliis  house.  There  are  now  but  few 
representatives  in  the  society  of  the  families  who  were  once  its  chief  supporters. 
It  became  small  and  feeble,  and  its  place  of  worship  was  transferred  to  the 
city  [)roper,  where  several  families  of  Friends  had  settled.  The  old  meeting- 
house was  sold  in  1875,  taken  down  and  removed  to  the  city.  They  then  held 
meetings  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  room  until  the  completion  of  their  house  of  worship 
on  College  street.  This  is  a  wooden  structure  34x52  feet,  and  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  about  250,  and  cost  about  •f3,500.  The  first  service  was  held 
August  1, 1875.  The  ministers  of  the  society  at  this  meeting  were  Rev.  Charles 
Varney,  Freeman  Andrews,  David  Douglass,  William  Jacob,  Cyrus  Cartland, 
George  Douglass,  Caleb  Nichols.  Mr  David  Douglass  made  remarks  and 
offered  prayer,  after  which  Mr  Jacob  gave  a  brief  account  of  the  rise  of  the 
society.  In  the  afternoon  Mr  David  Douglass  delivered  a  sermon.  Its  pastors 
have  been  Charles  Varney,  Stephen  Cartland,  Freeman  Andrews,  George  S. 
Williams,  and  the  present  pastor,  George  H.  Farr. 

The  South  Lewiston  Church.  (Clough)  Free  Baptists.  —  This  church,  consist- 
ing of  2(3  members,  was  organized  July  26,  1826,  Rev.  Messrs  Ward,  Lock, 
and  Abiezer  Bridges  taking  part  in  the  services.  The  sermon  was  by  Rev.  Mr 
Lock.  The  original  members  were:  Noah  Litchfield,  Martha  Litchfield,  Amos 
Davis,  Jr,  Mariah  Davis,  Barzilla  Rand,  Thankful  Rand,  John  Pettengill, 
Mary  Pettengill,  Aaron  Davis,  Jr,  Samuel  Mooer,  Elizabeth  Mooer,  Joseph 
Webber,  Joseph  Jordan,  Samuel  Litchfield,  Ames  Litchfield,  Mabel  Williams, 
Mehitable  Crowley,  Jerusha  Davis,  Deborah  Davis,  Anna  Davis,  Sarah  Ben- 
nett, Nabby  R.  Sleeper,  Mary  Lake,  Sarah  Hamilton,  Lucy  Gillpatrick,  Anna 
Mitchell.  The  church  held  its  meetings  in  Aaron  Davis's  barn,  at  the  Clough 
school-house,  and  at  various  private  residences  in  the  vicinity,  until  1846,  when 
the  present  meeting-house  was  completed.  The  church  has  had  no  settled 
minister  for  many  years,  but  has  maintained  worship  for  the  greater  part  of 
the  time,  having  its  pulpit  supplied  by  students  from  Cobb  Divinity  School. 

F-ree  Baptists  (Main  Street  J.  —  April,  1838,  a  series  of  meetings  were  held 
at  the  North  Meeting-house  and  conducted  by  Rev.  Messrs  Isaac  Libby,  Gideon 
Perkins,  Benjamin  Thorne,  and  E.  Phinney.  An  interesting  revival  ensued, 
and  nearly  100  conversions  were  reported.  As  an  immediate  result  of  these  meet- 
ings 3(3  were  baptized  May  20,  1838;  21  by  Rev.  Isaac  Libby  and  15  by  Rev. 
Silas  Curtis,  and  on  May  28, 1838,  a  church  was  organized  with  these  members: 
Ai  Brooks,  Isaac  Barton,  Josiah  Blaisdell,  James  B.  Cotton,  John  Curtis, 
William  R.  Frye,  Stephen  Field,  Joseph  Chamberlain,  Amos  Hersey,  John  B. 


362  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Jones,  John  C.  Jepson,  Norris  Litchfield,  Harrison  G.  Otis,  Eben  H.  Sleeper, 
Orin  Sprague,  Temple  Tebbets,  David  Tracy,  Thomas  Thorne,  Jeremiah 
Skinner,  Joseph  Winslow,  Jane  Brooks,  Bathsheba  Curtis,  Christiana  Caswell, 
Olive  Chamberlain,  Ann  Dill,  Joan  Garcelon,  Ann  Hearsy,  Mary  Jane 
Hearsy,  Lucinda  Litchfield,  Susan  Merrill,  Sarah  Ann  Nash,  Joan  Nash,  Ann 
Pettengill,  Julia  Roberts,  Sally  Staten,  Lucretia  W.  Tracy,  Mary  Ann 
Thompson,  Laura  C.  Thorne,  Sarah  H.  Tebbets,  May  Ann  Webber,  Mary 
Winslow,  and  Lydia  Waterhouse.  Uev.  Messrs  Benjamin  Thorne,  Isaac  Libby, 
and  Silas  Curtis  took  part  in  the  organization.  Additions  were  continnally 
made  to  the  church,  and  during  May  and  June  52  were  baptized  and  became 
members.  The  interest  of  the  new  church  induced  (October  2,  1838,)  the 
change  of  the  meeting-house  from  its  original  location  to  the  corfter  of  Main 
and  Chapel  streets  where  it  now  stands,  the  old  building  occupied  by  O.  S. 
Ham,  Here  the  church  worshiped  until  February,  1856.  Several  years 
before  this  the  churcli  and  society  began  to  agitate  the  question  of  the  erection 
of  a  new  house  of  worship.  The  plan  finally  adopted  was  somewhat  novel  for 
this  place.  A  stock  company  was  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  $10,000, 
consisting  of  100  shares,  and  the  work  was  commenced  in  1854.  The  house, 
corner  of  Main  and  Bates  streets,  was  completed  in  the  winter  of  1855-6,  and 
dedicated  February  14,  1856.  Rev.  Martin  J.  Steere,  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
speakers  of  the  denomination,  preached  the  dedicatory  sermon.  In  the  evening 
Rev.  James  Drummond,  of  Auburn,  delivered  a  very  able  sermon  to  a  large 
audience.    The  house  is  a  substantial  brick  structure  and  cost  about  -1*20,000. 

Rev.  Isaac  Libby,  the  first  pastor,  was  born  in  Buxton,  February  22,  1809. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  fall  of  1836.  In  April,  1837,  he  came  to 
Lewiston  and  preached  the  greater  part  of  the  year  to  the  First  Free  Baptist 
church.  Mr  Libby  was  ordained  by  a  council  from  the  Gorham  Quarterly 
Meeting  in  April,  1838,  and  became  pastor  of  this  church  June  14,  1838, 
and  resigned  February  25,  1841.  Mr  Libby  was  pastor  at  Brunswick,  and 
subsequently  at  Cape  Elizabeth.  In  July,  1843,  he  returned  to  Lewiston  and 
assumed  this  pastorate  for  two  years.  In  1846  he  became  pastor  of  the  Free 
Baptist  church  at  Farmington  Hill.  He  subsequently  returned  to  Lewiston 
and  resided  for  several  3^ears.  He  died  in  Auburn,  October  18,  1866.  He  was 
a  sound  and  effective  preacher,  and  under  his  ministration  prosperity  was 
experienced.  In  manner  he  was  dignified  and  grave,  having  but  few  of  those 
qualities  which  captivate  and  charm  the  average  audience.  Rev.  Daniel 
Jackson,  a  native  of  Madison,  N.  IL,  became  pastor  in  November,  1841,  and 
resigned  in  December,  1842.  He  was  ordained  at  Fast  Ossipee,  N.  II. ,  September 
14, 1826,  where  he  was  pastor  for  five  years  ;  at  Wheelock,  Vt,  for  two  years;  he 
preached  also  in  other  states.  He  has  recently  deceased.  He  is  remembered 
as  a  very  genial  man,  prepossessing  in  manner,  and  an  interesting  and 
instructive   preacher.      Rev.   George   W.   Bean   became  pastor   in   1845,    and 


City  of  Lewiston.  363 


resigned  in  1848.  He  came  from  Farmington  and  after  the  close  of  his  ministry 
here  became  pastor  of  the  Free  Baptist  church  at  West  Waterville,  now 
Oakland. 

Kev.  Joseph  S.  Burgess,  the  fourth  pastor,  was  born  in  Williamsburg,  Mass., 
August  15,  1814.  He  was  a  teacher  eight  years,  then  commenced  the  study  of 
law,  but  becoming  interested  in  religion  he  entered  Whitestown  Seminary, 
then  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  John  FuUonton,  D.D,,  and  commenced  study 
for  the  ministry.  He  accomplished  the  two  years'  course  in  one.  In  June,  1846, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Free  Baptist  church  at  West  Waterville,  and  remained 
for  two  years.  Mr  Burgess  became  pastor  of  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptist 
church,  September  18, 1848,  and  continued  12  years.  The  church  was  small  — 
only  60  came  to  greet  him  the  first  Sabbath  —  and  had  little  financial  ability. 
At  the  close  of  his  pastorate  it  had  become  one  of  the  largest  and  strongest  of 
the  denomination  in  Maine.  It  was  during  his  ministry  that  the  church 
edifice,  corner  of  Main  and  Bates  streets,  was  built.  Mr  Burgess's  next 
pastorates  were  at  Haverhill,  Mass.,  for  two  years;  Bangor,  three  years;  and 
at  Harrisburg,  Penn.,  three  years.  In  1868,  at  the  unanimous  request  of  the 
friends  of  the  new  Pine  Street  Free  Baptist  church,  he  severed  his  connection 
at  Harrisburg,  and  accepted  its  pastorate.  Mr  Burgess  labored  here  with 
zeal  and  success  until  December  31,  1868.  Nineteen  years  of  pastoral  work 
in  these  two  churches  had  so  identified  him  with  the  interests  of  the  place  and 
people  that  his  removal  caused  many  expressions  of  regret.  Mr  Burgess  was 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission  Society,  and  passed  nearly  three 
years  in  assisting  needy  churches  in  Maine,  Vermont,  and  Massachusetts,  and 
for  five  years  supplied  churches  of  different  denominations  in  Connecticut. 
He  was  a  man  of  the  people,  and  had  a  strong  hold  upon  their  affection  and 
esteem.  He  was  unassuming  and  without  ostentation,  ever  hopeful  and  kind- 
hearted.  He  died  at  Waterbury,  Conn.,  February  28,  1888,  and  was  buried  in 
Lewiston.  Mr  John  A.  Lowell,  a  teacher  in  the  Maine  State  Seminary, 
supplied  the  pulpit  as  early  as  October,  1860,  and  in  March,  1861,  the  church 
applied  for  his  ordination,  which  occurred  in  June.  He  closed  his  labors  in 
1869.  Kev.  W.  H.  Bowen,  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  commenced  his  pastoral  work 
June  6,  1869,  and  resigned  in  1882.  Rev.  O.  D.  Patch  was  pastor  from 
1882  until  1884.  Rev.  Carter  E.  Cate  was  here  as  pastor  from  1884  to  1888, 
when  he  was  succeeded,  October  11,  by  Rev.  Martyn  Summerbell,  D.D. 

Park  Street  Methodist  Church. — -There  were  but  few  Methodists  in  this 
community  previous  to  the  year  1845,  and  no  attempt  to  organize  a  church. 
For  nearly  fifty  years  an  occasional  minister  of  the  conference  would  visit  the 
place,  preach  a  sermon,  and  then  go  on  his  missionary  tour,  never,  perhaps,  to 
return.  But  in  July,  1845,  Rev.  John  Allen  (Camp-meeting  John)  was 
appointed  to  the  Little  Androscoggin  Mission,  which  embraced  what  w^as  then 
called  Lewiston  Falls.      In  the  two  villages,  Lewiston  and  Auburn,  he  spent 


364  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

nearly  one-fourth  of  his  time  preaching  in  the  school-houses  on  both  sides  of 
the  river.  In  184()  Mr  Allen  was  re-appointed,  and  continued  his  labors  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  previous  year.  In  July,  1847,  Rev.  William  Summersides 
was  appointed  to  the  East  Poland  circuit,  Lewiston  being  included  within  its 
limits.  He  preached  here  one-quarter  of  the  time  for  a  part  of  the  year.  Mr 
Summersides  was  returned  to  this  circuit  by  the  conference  in  1848,  but  spent 
only  one  or  two  Sabbaths  at  the  "  Falls."  At  the  session  of  the  conference  in 
July,  1849,  Rev.  Charles  Andrews  was  appointed  to  the  Lewiston  Falls  Mission, 
which  was  limited  to  Lewiston  and  Auburn.  Mr  Andrews  commenced  his 
labors  immediately,  and  the  Methodists  here  had  for  the  first  time  a  settled 
pastor.  At  this  time  it  is  very  difficult  to  ascertain  just  how  many  Methodists 
there  were  in  the  two  villages,  but  the  following  list  is  believed  to  be  nearly 
complete :  W.  L.  Davis,  John  Oakes,  Ruth  Oakes,  Stephen  Blethen,  Charles 
Oliver,  Mary  Herrick,  Sarah  M.  Cobb,  L.  J.  R.  Crocker,  Hannah  Crocker, 
Samuel  Springer,  Sarah  N.  Springer,  Ami  Read,  Margaret  Read,  Lurania 
Jordan,  Mrs  Daniel  Wood,  Charles  D.  Thomas,  Jacob  P.  Smith,  Ruby  B.  Addi- 

ton,  Winslow  Kyle,  Amos  Bailey,  Rachel  Davis,  Jemima  Nevins,  Strout, 

Isaac  Yetten,  Anna  Davis,  Thomas  J.  Foss,  Eliza  Mitchell,  Harriet  D.  Strout, 
William  Staples,  Harriet  L.  Yetten,  Charles  W.  Kyle,  Nathaniel  French, 
Elizabeth  French,  Mrs  Charles  W.  Kyle. 

It  is  possible  that  some  others  might  have  been  connected  with  these  two 
"  classes,"  one  on  each  side  of  the  river,  at  the  time  Mr  Andrews  came  here.  In 
the  summer  and  autunm  of  1849,  Mr  Andrews  preached  in  the  school-houses 
in  Lewiston  and  Auburn,  but  usually  in  tlie  school-house  in  Lewiston.  It  was 
an  old,  dilapidated,  brick  building,  located  near  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptist 
church,  which  they  were  compelled  to  abandon  as  cold  weather  approached. 
In  the  winter  of  1849-50  they  occupied  Village  Hall  in  Auburn ;  and  subse- 
quently the  church  worshiped  in  Union  Hall,  Auburn.  Salaries  in  those  days 
were  not  large,  and  Mr  Andrews's  salary,  as  fixed  by  the  board,  was  -tlTS.  He 
was  re-appointed  in  1850.  In  1851  Rev.  Ezekiel  Robinson  was  appointed  to 
the  charge,  with  a  salary  of  ■t350.  It  was  during  his  pastorate  that  the  place  of 
worship  was  changed  from  Auburn  to  Jones's  Hall  in  Lewiston.  This  hall,  the 
first  in  Lewiston,  had  just  been  completed  and  occu[)ied  the  upper  story  of 
what  is  now  the  lower  Maine  Central  station.  Here  the  church  worshiped 
for  several  years.  Mr  Robinson  was  re-appointed  in  1852.  In  1853  the 
conference  sent  Rev.  Benjamin  Foster  to  Lewiston.  Mr  Foster  was  earnest 
and  zealous  in  advocating  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship.  Through  his 
inlluence,  and  largely  under  his  direction,  a  lot  was  procured  on  Park  street 
and  their  present  church  edifice,  a  substantial  wooden  building,  containing  a 
basement,  which  is  used  for  a  vestry,  was  erected  and  dedicated  September  9, 
1854.  Mr  Foster  was  pastor  for  two  years.  Rev.  H.  M.  Blake  was  appointed  by 
the  conference  as  pastor  in  1855,  and  served  two  years.     The  church  became 


City  of  Lewiston.  365 


self-supporting  under  his  pastorate.  Rev.  H.  B.  Abbott  was  pastor  of  the  church 
for  two  years,  commencing  in  the  spring  of  1857.  In  May,  llev.  Charles  Munger 
became  pastor  for  two  years.  It  was  during  this  time,  April  1,  18(>1,  that  the 
church  was  divided  and  the  Methodist  church  in  Auburn  organized,  the  river 
being  recognized  as  the  "  dividing  line."  This  depletion  did  not  seriously 
embarrass  the  Park  street  church.  Rev.  J.  McMillan  was  pastor  during  the 
years  1861-62.  In  1863  Rev.  D.  B.  Randall  became  pastor.  He  was 
re-appointed  in  1864.  The  conference  appointed  Rev.  H.  B.  Abbott  pastor  in 
1865.  Mr  Abbott  remained  for  three  years.  In  1868  Rev.  Ezekiel  Martiu  was 
then  pastor  for  two  years.  Rev.  Cyrus  King  became  pastor  in  1870;  remained 
one  year.  He  left  the  conference  and  removed  to  the  West.  Rev.  Charles  J. 
Clark  was  appointed  in  1871,  and  occupied  the  pulpit  for  three  years.  He 
was  followed  by  Rev.  Horace  W.  Bolton  for  three  years;  Rev.  Roscoe  L. 
Greene,  three  years;  Rev.  Israel  Luce,  three  years;  Rev.  Fred  C.  Rogers, 
three  years;  Rev.  Wilber  F.  Berry,  two  years;  Rev.  W.  S.  Mclntire,  three 
years.     The  present  pastor.  Rev.  E.  O.  Thayer,  was  ap[)ointed  in  May,  1891. 

The  following  is  the  necrology  of  the  pastors  of  this  church:  Rev.  James 
McMillan,  born  in  Bartlett,  N.  H.,  August  3,  1806,  and  died  in  Gorham,  Septem- 
ber 15,  1874.  Rev.  Howard  B.  Abbott,  born  in  Sidney,  September  14,  1810 ; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class  of  1836,  and  died  February  2,  1876. 
Rev.  Ezekiel  Robinson,  born  in  Norway  in  1799.  lie  entered  the  New 
England  Conference  in  1823,  and  for  50  years  was  an  active  minister.  He  died 
September  2,  1878.  Rev.  Charles  Andrews  was  born  in  Berwick,  October  23, 
1811;  died  at  Old  Orchard  in  the  eighties.  Rev.  Charles  J.  Clark  was  born  in 
Portland,  April  4,  1839,  and  died  in  New  York,  May  6,  1889.  Rev.  H.  M. 
Blake  died  on  his  way  to  church,  Sunday  morning,  January  15,  1865,  aged  57 
years.  At  the  time  he  was  pastor  of  the  Pine  Street  Church  at  Portland. 
Rev.  Ezekiel  Martin  was  born  in  Hebron,  March  19,  1820,  and  died  at 
Lewiston,  February  3,  1889. 

The  First  Baptist  (Bates  Street).  —  Early  in  the  spring  of  1847,  Mr 
Daniel  H.  Wiggin,  an  earnest  Baptist,  who  came  from  Greene  the  year 
before,  took  measures  to  ascertain  the  number  of  Baptists  in  Lewiston  and 
Auburn  who  were  desirous  of  organizing  a  church  at  the  "  Falls."  The 
immediate  result  of  this  effort  was  a  preliminary  meeting  which  was  held 
April  1,  1847,  at  the  house  of  Mr  Edward  Cobb,  now  Dr  Small's,  on  Park 
street.  Mr  Cobb  was  chosen  moderator  and  clerk.  Six  persons  were  present 
at  this  meeting  who  "resolved  themselves  into  a  committee  of  vigilance  to 
ascertain  the  names  and  number  of  Baptists  in  the  community,  and  report  at 
the  next  meeting."  The  report  of  the  "  vigilance  committee,"  made  on  the 
8th  of  April,  showed  41  persons  who  were  desirous  of  being  organized  into  a 
church.  Nineteen  were  present  at  this  meeting  and  a  committee  of  three  was 
appointed  to  "  ascertain  where  a  place  of  worship  can  be  obtained."     At  their 


366  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


next  meeting,  April  22,  measures  were  taken  to  organize  a  church.  The  clerk 
was  authorized  to  notify  the  "churches  most  convenient"  to  send  delegates 
for  the  purpose  of  recognition,  and  Auburn,  Danville,  Durham,  Greene,  New 
Gloucester,  and  Topsham,  i-esponded  to  the  call.  The  council  met  at  the  Free 
Baptist  church  (the  building  now  occupied  as  a  grain  store  on  Haymarket 
Square)  June  3,  1847,  and  organized  by  choosing  Deacon  O.  C  Grose,  of  New 
Gloucester,  moderator,  and  Deacon  E.  Barrell,  of  Greene,  scribe.  The 
proceedings  of  the  council  were  as  follows :  lieading  the  records  of  the 
preliminary  meetings,  by  Rev.  George  Knox;  invocation,  by  Rev.  J.  Hutch- 
inson, of  Auburn;  reading  of  the  scriptures,  by  Rev.  George  Knox,  of  Cornish; 
introductory  prayer,  by  Rev.  James  Drummond,  Congregationalist,  Auburn ; 
sermon,  by  Rev.  Joseph  Kilpatrick,  of  Topsham ;  reading  articles  of  faith,  by 
Rev.  Moses  Hanscom,  of  Durham;  right-hand  of  fellowship,  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Owen,  of  Durham;  address,  by  Rev.  C.  W.  Reading,  of  Massachusetts; 
prayer,  by  Rev.  P.  Pillsbury,  of  Greene ;  concluding  prayer  and  benediction, 
by  Rev.  George  W.  Bean,  Free  Baptist,  Lewiston. 

The  church  consisted  of  25  members,  viz.:  Daniel  H.  Wiggin,  Joel  Morse, 
Calvin  S.  Titcomb,  Stephen  Davis,  Simon  Marston,  Timothy  Wright,  William 
R.  Wright,  Israel  Glidden,  Jacob  Golder,  Charles  Wiggin,  Levi  Wiggin,  Betsey 
Wiggin,  Sarah  Morse,  Hannah  McKenney,  Mary  Marston,  Jane  W.  Miller, 
Ann  M.  Wiggin,  Emeline  Wiggin,  Mary  Titcomb,  Abigail  Kimball,  Mary 
Mitchell,  Eliza  Field,  Betsey  Jepson,  Betsey  Wright,  and  Lucy  Chamberlain. 
Of  these  the  venerable  Deacon  Stephen  Davis,  now  in  his  ninetieth  year,  is  the 
only  one  living. 

On  the  5th  of  June  William  R.  Wright  was  chosen  clerk,  and  on  the  12th 
of  August  Daniel  H.  Wiggin  was  chosen  deacon,  both  for  one  year.  Soon  after 
Deacon  Wiggin  canvassed  the  three  towns,  Lewiston,  Danville,  and  Auburn, 
Rev.  George  Knox,  of  Cornish,  Me,  visited  the  "Falls"  and  preached  in  the 
school-houses  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn.  Mr.  Knox  spent  May  16th,  23d,  and 
30th  preaching  in  these  places  but  did  not  become  pastor  of  the  church  until 
the  first  Sabbath  in  August  and  then  under  the  auspices  of  the  Maine  Baptist 
Missionary  Society.  He  remained  the  pastor  until  January,  1860,  nearly 
13  years.  Immediately  after  the  organization,  meetings  were  commenced  in 
the  old  brick  school-house  near  Lowell's  Corner,  but  owing  to  its  dilapidated 
condition  they  were  obliged,  on  the  approach  of  cold  weather,  to  move  to  the 
Auburn  side  of  the  river  into  the  Rechabite  Hall.  This  was  a  very  small 
hall,  only  about  22  x  40  feet  and  occupied  the  second  story  of  the  building. 
The  lower  story  was  occupied  as  a  confectionery  and  "grog  shop."  The  hall 
was  found  to  be  too  close  for  warm  weather  and  the  society  moved  into  the 
school-house  on  Turner  street,  where  they  continued  to  worship,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  Sabbaths  when  Mr  Knox  occupied  Mr  Drummond's  pulpit, 
until  the  completion  of  their  chapel.     This  was  built  during  the  summer  and 


City  of  Lewiston.  367 


autumn  of  1848,  under  contract,  by  Captain  Daniel  Holland,  and  cost  about 
fl,000,  which,  with  the  exception  of  -fllO,  was  raised  by  the  society.  The 
chapel  was  occupied  for  the  first  time  November  9,  1848,  when  an  interesting 
sermon  was  delivered  by  Rev.  Mr  Beecher,  of  Portland.  In  tlie  spring  of 
1849,  owing  to  the  extensive  oj)erations  of  the  Water-Power  Company,  they 
were  obliged  to  change  the  location  of  the  chapel.  During  the  summer  it  was 
moved  several  times. 

The  chapel  was  occupied  until  May,  1853,  when  it  was  exchanged  with  the 
Water-Power  Company  in  part  payment  for  the  lot  of  land  on  which  they 
subsequently  built  their  brick  church,  corner  of  Main  and  Lisbon  streets. 
From  the  chapel  they  moved  to  Union  Hall  in  Auburn,  where  the  church 
remained  until  December,  1853.  In  the  spring  of  this  year  the  society 
commenced  the  erection  of  the  church  at  the  head  of  Lisbon  Street.  This 
house  cost  about  $10,000,  and  was  dedicated  December  9,  1853.  Rev.  L.  B. 
Allen,  of  Yarmouth,  preached  the  sermon  and  Rev.  Arthur  Drinkwater,  of 
Greene,  made  the  dedicatory  prayer.  The  society  occupied  this  house  until 
May,  1870,  the  last  meeting  being  held  Tuesday  evening,  May  17.  They 
removed  from  liere  to  their  new  church  edifice  on  Bates  street,  which  was 
dedicated  May  18,  1870.  The  sermon  was  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  E.  M.  Haynes, 
and  the  dedicatory  prayer  by  Rev.  N.  M.  Wood,  D.D.,  of  Illinois,  a  former 
pastor.  The  church  was  built  in  1869-70,  is  of  brick  with  granite  trimmings 
and  pressed  brick  beltings  hiid  in  black  cement,  and  will  seat  about  800.  It 
cost,  including  lot,  $54,000.  It  is  situated  on  Bates  street  at  the  southern 
extremity  of  the  park,  which  it  commands,  being  a  very  pleasing  structure  and 
a  fine,  though  not  gorgeous,  specimen  of  English  Gothic  architecture.  The 
"structural  idea"  is  carried  out  in  every  part,  embracing  the  interior  as  well 
as  the  exterior  of  the  building,  and  including  also  the  furniture  as  well  as  the 
organ.  The  entire  wood-work  of  the  interior  is  black  walnut,  highly  polished, 
with  ceilings  frescoed  and  tinted  in  a  manner  which  admirably  relieves  the 
dark  effect  of  the  wood. 

Rev.  George  Knox,  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Sarah  L.  (Dorset)  Knox  was 
born  in  Saco,  October  24,  1816.  He  fitted  for  college  at  North  Yarmouth 
Academy;  was  graduated  from  Waterville  College  in  1840;  studied  at  Newton 
Theological  Seminary  in  1840-41;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Topsham  in  December,  1841,  and  remained  until  1845,  then  was  pastor  in 
Cornish  about  two  years.  But  his  chief  pastorate  was  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Lewiston,  which  he  was  instrumental  in  gathering,  and  which,  under 
his  wise  and  judicious  care,  became  one  of  the  most  prosperous  in  the 
community.  His  labors  here  were  abundant  and  frequently  discouraging,  but 
with  tireless  energy  he  prosecuted  his  work,  winning  in  an  especial  degree  the 
love  and  respect  not  only  of  his  church  and  society  but  that  of  the  whole 
community.      Mr    Knox   was   a    Christian    gentleman ;    kind,  courteous,  and 


368  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

dignified  in  all  his  ways,  his  presence  was  a  gentle  but  a  positive  rebuke  to 
everything  unmanly  and  ignoble.  Mr  Knox  resigned  this  pastorate  to  take 
effect  January  1,  1860,  and  afterwards  became  pastor  of  the  IJaptist  church  at 
Brunswick.  When,  in  April,  1861,  the  President  issued  his  call  for  75,000 
volunteers,  Mr  Knox  offered  his  services  to  the  governor,  and  was  appointed 
chaplain  of  the  First  Kegiment,  and  when  its  term  of  service  expired  he  was 
commissioned  chaplain  of  the  Tenth,  shared  the  hardships  of  his  comrades  and 
endeared  himself  to  all.  At  the  close  of  this  service  he  became  })astor  of  the 
Baptist  church  of  Lawrence,  Mass.  When  the  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  was 
organized  Mr  Knox  was  again  commissioned  chaplain.  He  resigned  his  pastor- 
ate, and  October  18,  1864,  joined  the  regiment  in  Virginia,  and  October  31 
met  with  an  accident,  and  survived  only  a  few  hours.  His  sudden  death  was 
deeply  lamented  by  the  officers  and  members  of  the  regiment  and  the  people 
of  this  community,  where  he  had  been  so  long  and  favorably  known.  His 
remains  were  brought  to  Lewiston  for  interment. 

Rev.  Nathaniel  Milton  Wood,  second  pastor,  son  of  Ephraim  and  Prudence 
(Myrick)  Wood,  was  born  in  Camden,  May  24, 1822.  He  was  fitted  for  college 
in  Camden,  and  was  graduated  from  Waterville  College  in  1844,  one  of  the  best 
scholars  of  a  very  able  class.  He  subsequently  entered  the  Western  Theolog- 
ical Institute,  at  Covington,  Ky,  where  he  remained  till  1847,  when  he  returned 
to  Maine.  In  May,  1848,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Bloom- 
field,  now  Skowhegan.  Here  he  labored  with  marked  success  until  January, 
1852,  when,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the  college  faculty  at  Waterville,  he 
commenced  his  pastorate  at  that  place,  which  he  resigned  January,  1860.  From 
January,  1860,  to  March,  1866,  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Lewiston,  and  from  August,  1866,  to  May,  1868,  at  Tliomaston.  He  then 
accepted  the  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Upper  Alton,  111.,  which  he  held 
until  March,  1872,  when  he  was  elected  professor  of  Systennitic  Theology  in 
Slnirtleff  College,  a  chair  he  had  provisionally  filled  for  tw(j  years,  and  for 
which  he  was  especially  qualified.  In  June,  1874,  he  came  East  and  located 
at  South  Boston,  hoping  by  this  change  to  regain  his  health,  a  hope  never 
realized.  While  here  he  preached  in  several  places  in  Massachusetts,  until 
April,  1876,  when  waning  strength  compelled  him  to  relinquish  further  effort. 
He  died  in  Camden,  August  2,  1876.  Mr  Wood's  labors  met  with  marked 
success;  he  was  a  close  and  accurate  thinker,  a  keen  and  logical  writer;  his 
style  was  terse  and  epigrammatic,  and  his  preaching  was  effective. 

Rev.  George  W.  Holman,  of  Fort  Edward,  N.  Y.,  was  tlie  third  pastor, 
commencing  his  labors  in  Jul}^  1866,  and  continuing  until  November,  1868. 
He  was  an  earnest  and  successful  preacher.  Rev.  E.  M.  Haynes  succeeded  Mr 
Holman;  came  from  Palmer,  Mass.,  and  assumed  the  pastorate  in  April,  1869. 
His  resignation  took  effect  May  4, 1873.  Rev.  W.  T.  Chase  became  pastor  in 
1873,  and  closed  his  pastorate  August  3,  1870,  to  accept  that  of  the  Baptist 


City  of  Lewiston.  369 


church  in  Cainbridgeport,  Mass.  He  was  a  very  successful  pastor,  and  was 
regarded  with  much  affection  by  his  people.  Rev.  George  B.  Ilsley,  of  Yar- 
mouth, was  the  next  i)astor,  commencing  work  November  2,  1879.  Rev. 
William  C.  Barrows,  the  seventh  pastor,  came  from  Rockland.  His  pastorate 
closed  September  1,  1885.  Rev.  C.  C.  Tille^^  came  from  Dover,  and  assumed 
the  pastorate  in  March,  1886.  His  resignation  took  effect  in  March,  1891. 
The  present  [)astor.  Rev.  D.  F.  Wynuin,  began  his  services  in  June,  1891. 

JSpiscojxd  Church.  —  The  parish  of  Trinity  chnrcli  was  organized  in  June, 
1854,  by  the  efforts  of  Rev.  George  P.  (Tiddinge,  of  Illinois  (a  native  of 
Danville),  then  on  a  visit  to  Auburn.  He  held  his  lirst  service  in  Union  Hall, 
^VubuiMi,  June  11,  1854,  and  July  15  the  parish  was  legally  constituted  and 
these  parish  officers  elected :  Byron  W.  Watson,  senior  warden ;  S.  W.  Keeler, 
junior  warden;  George  L.  Drinkwater,  Nathaniel  I.  Jackson,  and  George  H, 
Merrill,  vestrymen.  W.  B.  Watson  was  chosen  treasurer  and -collector.  Mr 
Giddinge  ministered  to  the  church  until  November  5,  1854,  when  he  returned 
to  Illinois.  July  11,  185(>,  Rev.  Frederic  Gardiner  became  rector,  but  resigned 
November  10,  1856.  The  public  worship  of  the  [)arish  was  removed  to  the 
Lewiston  side  of  the  river  during  Mr  Gardiner's  ministry,  and  was  held  for 
some  time  in  Lisbon  Small  Hall.  In  August,  1857,  Rev.  John  B.  Southgate 
entered  uj)on  his  duties  as  pastor,  and  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health  in 
June,  LS5S.  He  was  followed  by  Bev.  D.  C  Ingraham.  In  1859  the  parish 
built  their  first  house  of  worship,  on  the  corner  of  Ash  and  Bark  streets. 
This  was  consecrated  to  the  worshi[)  of  God  by  Bishop  Burgess,  September  21, 
1858.  In  April,  i860,  Bev.  Nicholas  Ludlam  was  elected  rector;  he  resigned 
in  June,  1862.  Rev.  W.  H.  Collins  was  em[)loyed  for  some  time,  and  in 
February,  1864,  was  elected  rector.  Mr  Collins  resigned  in  April,  1866.  Rev. 
W.  M.  Willian  became  pastor  in  A[)ril,  1867,  and  resigned  in  September, 
1868.  Mr  Willian  had  officiated  for  some  time  before  he  became  rector  of 
the  church.  Rev.  E.  Folsom  Baker  was  elected  rector  in  May,  18(39,  and 
resigned  in  1870.  Rev.  Harry  L.  Yewens  was  the  next  pastor  of  the  parish, 
and  remained  rector  until  November,  1875,  when  he  resigned.  Rev.  Robert 
Wyllie  commenced  his  labors  as  pastor  soon  after  Mr  Yewens's  resignation, 
and  having  been  ordained  [)riest,  entered  u[)on  his  duties  as  rector,  June,  1876, 
and  resigned  in  May,  1877.  Rev.  W.  H.  Washburn  became  rectoi-  in  May, 
1877,  and  continued  as  rector  until  April,  1890,  when  he  resigned.  In  1869 
the  Franklin  Company  gave  a  bond  for  a  lot,  on  the  corner  of  Bates  and 
Spruce  streets,  to  Trinity  parish,  agreeing  to  give  the  lot  on  condition  that 
the  parish  erected  thereon  a  church  edifice  within  10  years.  In  September, 
1877,  work  was  commenced  on  the  church  under  the  supervision  of  a  com- 
mittee, consisting  of  Rev.  W.  H.  Washburn,  John  Garner,  John  Straw,  Samuel 
Booth,  T.  W.  Kanada,  and  H.  H.  Dickey.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  with 
appropriate  ceremonies  by  Bishop  Neely,  June  21,  1879,  and  the  church  was 


370  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


consecrated  by  him  October  6,  1882.  The  sermon  was  delivered  by  Rev. 
Samnel  Upjohn,  pastor  of  St  Mark's  church,  Augusta.  The  church  is  built  of 
granite,  the  entrance  to  the  audience  room  being  from  Bates  street.  The 
interior  is  finished  in  oak,  and  the  whole  building  has  the  appearance  of  a 
substantial  structure.  The  vestry  is  in  the  basement  of  the  church,  with  the 
entrance  from  Spruce  street.  The  building  cost  about  '!!21,000.  The  parish 
also  have  a  rectory  on  Horton  street  which  was  commenced  in  1883.  Rev.  D. 
V.  Gwilym,  the  present  rector,  came  from  Houlton,  and  assumed  the  pastorate 
of  the  parish  in  June,  1800.  The  church  wardens  for  1891  are  John  Garner 
and  Edward  Byron. 

The  Pine  Street  Congreijational  Church.  —  It  was  early  in  1854  that  the 
members  of  the  Lewiston  Falls  Congregational  church  who  resided  in  Lewiston 
began  to  agitate  the  question  of  the  organization  of  a  Congregational  church 
in  Lewiston.  The  importance  as  well  as  the  necessity  of  a  church  on  the  "east 
side  of  the  river"  became  more  apparent  and  measures  were  instituted  by  the 
friends  of  the  new  society  to  perfect  its  organization.  Accordingly  a  petition 
was  directed  to  the  church  in  Auburn,  in  which  the  petitioners  express  the 
opinion  "that  the  time  has  arrived  when  we  feel  it  our  duty  to  ask  a  dismission 
from  your  church,  that  we  may  be  formed  into  a  church  in  Lewiston."  The 
petition  was  signed  by  R.  A.  Budlong  and  30  others  and  dated  July  15,  1854. 
It  was  presented  to  the  church  at  a  "regular  meeting,"  held  July  18,  and  the 
petitioners  were  accordingly  dismissed  to  form  a  new  church  on  the  "east  side 
ofthe  river."  At  this  meeting  the  church  voted  to  unite  with  the  petitioners 
in  calling  an  ecclesiastical  council,  to  be  held  August  8,  1854,  for  the  purpose 
of  organizing  a  second  Congregational  church.  The  pastor.  Rev.  James 
Drummond,  Deacon  R.  Bradford,  Samuel  Pickard,  Esq.,  Jordan  K.  Piper,  and 
Davis  E.  Verrill,  two  of  the  petitioners,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  make 
the  necessary  arrangements.  The  church  was  organized  August  8,  1854,  with 
42  members,  34  of  whom  were  members  of  the  Lewiston  Falls  church,  and  eight 
by  letter  from  churches  in  Maine  and  Massachusetts.  Their-  names  were: 
Rhodes  A.  Budlong,  Jordan  K.  Piper,  Davis  E.  Verrill,  Simeon  H.  Murray, 
Charles  C.  Burgess,  George  R.  Smith,  William  F,  Fitch,  William.  Hayes, 
William  L.  Fitch,  Benjamin  Murray,  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  Horatio  G.  Cilley, 
John  W.  Marston,  Joseph  R.  Greenwood,  Charles  C.  Niebuhr,  Hannah  Hayes, 
Lydia  W.  Prescott,  Mrs  John  M.  Frye,  Sarah  E.  Frye,  Mrs  N.  B.  Nevens, 
Alura  E.  Lowell,  Betsey  Riggs,  Sarah  P.  Verrill,  Clarinda  Murray,  Mrs  Charles 
C.  Burgess,  Charlotte  Fitch,  Ann  M.  Fitch,  Mary  H.  Hayes,  Harriet  A.  Hayes, 
Lucy  S.  Davis,  Octavia  D.  Garcelon,  Susan  Marston,  Sarah  W.  Greenwood,  Mrs 
Charles  C.  Niebuhr,  Mrs  David  M.  Ayer,  Eliza  D.  Lowell,  Mrs  L.  Gushing, 
Miss  E.  Gushing,  Maria  Herrick,  Mrs  Edward  P.  Tobie,  and  Alice  L.  Field. 

The  services  at  the  organization  were:  Reading  the  scriptures  and  prayer 
by  Rev.  Thomas   W.   Lord,  of   West  Auburn ;    sermon    by   Rev.   George   E. 


City  of  Lewiston.  371 


Adams,  D.D.,  of  Brunswick  ;  reading  Articles  of  Faith  and  Covenant  by  Rev. 
Jolin  W.  Chickering,  D.D.,  Portland;  prayer  by  Kev.  Elijah  Jones,  of  Minot; 
right-hand  of  fellowship.  Rev.  James  Drunimond,  Auburn  ;  charge  to  the 
church,  Rev.  Asa  Cummings,  D.D.,  of  Portland ;  prayer  and  benediction.  Rev. 
Charles  Pickard.  From  the  organization  of  the  church  until  the  completion 
of  the  chapel  (in  1855),  at  the  corner  of  Pine  and  Bates  streets,  the  society 
worshiped  in  Jones's  Hall.  It  was  a  plain  and  neat  building  and  was  occupied 
by  the  church  and  society  until  April,  180G,  when  it  was  removed  to  the  rear 
of  the  present  church  edifice  on  Bates  street,  and  was  subsequently  converted 
into  a  tenement  block.  While  the  new  church  was  being  built  the  society 
held  their  meetings  in  Central  Hall,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  when 
they  united  with  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptists.  Their  present  church  edifice 
is  built  after  the  Romanesque  style  of  architecture,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
the  state.  It  was  erected  in  186G-7,  and  dedicated  May  22,  1867.  The  dedi- 
catory services  were:  Prayer  by  Rev.  Aaron  C.  Adams,  of  Auburn;  reading 
the  scriptures  by  Rev.  John  A.  Lowell,  pastor  of  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptist 
church;  sermon  by  Rev.  Uriah  Balkam,  the  pastor;  and  the  prayer  by  Rev. 
John  O.  Fiske,  D.D.,  of  Bath.  The  church  is  a  substantial  brick  structure 
with  granite  beltings  and  trimmings,  and  the  interior  is  finished  in  oiled  black 
walnut  and  chestnut,  with  softly-tinted  walls  and  frescoed  ceilings,  which  pro- 
duce a  very  fine  effect.  The  basement  is  fitted  up  as  a  lecture-room  with  parlors 
and  a  library-room.  It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Pine,  which  it  fronts,  and 
Bates  streets,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  Park,  which  it  commands,  and 
from  which  it  presents  a  substantial  and  im[)osing  appearance.  It  cost  .f70,000 
exclusive  of  the  lot. 

The  church  did  not  settle  a  [)astor  until  January,  185(5,  but  sustained  public 
worship  more  or  less  regularly,  the  desk  being  sup[)lied  the  most  of  the  time 
by  Rev.  Isaac  Weston,  of  Cumberland.  Rev.  Uriah  Balkam,  the  first  pastor, 
was  born  in  Robbinston,  March  27,  1812.  He  was  graduated  from  Amherst 
College  in  1837,  and  from  the  Bangor  Theological  Seminary  in  1840.  Soon 
after  he  supplied  the  C'ongregational  church  at  Union,  and  was  ordained  its 
pastor  June  15,  1841.  Mr  Balkam  remained  in  Union  until  September  20, 
1844,  when  he  was  dismissed.  His  next  pastorate  was  at  Wiscasset,  where 
he  was  installed  January  22,  1845:  dismissed  October  2(),  1854,  He  then 
commenced  his  labors  as  "stated  supply"  at  Lewiston,  and  was  installed  as 
pastor,  January  30,  185(1.  The  sermon  on  this  occasion  was  by  Rev.  H.  S. 
Carpenter,  of  Portland;  prayer  by  Rev.  Elijah  Jones,  of  Minot;  right-hand  of 
fellowship  by  Rev.  James  Drummond  of  Auburn,  and  charge  to  the  cliurch 
by  Rev.  George  E.  Adams,  D.D.,  of  Brunswick.  Mr  Balkam  continued  here 
for  more  than  14  years.  His  pastorate  covered  the  more  important  events  in 
the  history  of  the  church,  having  commenced  his  ministry  during  its  infancy, 
and  closing  after  it  had  received  mature  strength.     Dr  Balkam  was  appointed 


372  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


chaplain  of  the  Sixteenth  Maine,  December  18, 1863.  He  performed  his  duties 
with  care  and  fidelity.  He  resigned  October  8,  1864.  In  August,  1873,  he 
was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Logic  and  Christian  Evidences  in  Cobb  Divinity 
School,  Bates  College,  and  while  on  his  way  to  the  college  he  was  thrown  from 
his  horse  and  instantly  killed,  March  4,  1874.  In  1867  Bates  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  S.T.D.  Dr  Balkam  was  a  person  of  command- 
ing presence ;  as  a  preacher,  scholarly,  thoughtful,  and  singularly  zealous ;  as  a 
pastor,  faithful  and  instructive. 

Rev.  Francis  F.  Ford,  the  second  pastor,  was  born  in  East  Haddam,  Conn., 
November  25,  1828.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Hamilton  College  in  the  class  of 
1851,  was  at  Union  Seminary  in  1853-4,  and  Princeton  in  1856 ;  and  ordained 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Genessee  in  1857.  Mr  Ford  had  filled  several  pastorates 
before  he  came  to  Lewiston.  He  was  installed  pastor  June  22,  1871,  and  dis- 
missed Novembei-  25, 1872.  He  died  at  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  January  26, 1886.  Rev. 
George  S.  Dickermaii,  who  had  been  pastor  at  West  Haven,  Conn.,  was  installed 
pastor  March  12,  1874,  and  resigned  June  17,  1883.  He  was  dismissed  by  a 
council  convened  July  20,  1883.  Mr  Dickerman  accepted  a  call  to  the  First 
church  in  Amlierst,  Mass.,  where  he  was  installed  pastor  September  ID,  1883. 
Rev.  George  Milton  Howe,'  the  present  pastor,  was  born  in  Westminster,  Mass., 
July  23,  1844.  His  parents  were  Daniel  M.  and  Harriot  Woodbury  Howe. 
His  father  died  when  37,  and  Mrs  Howe  subsequently  married  Mr  Z.  M. 
Larned,  of  Oxford,  where  the  family  resided  a  few  years  and  moved  to 
Charltcjn.  Mr  Howe's  early  education  was  acquired  by  utilizing  his  time  after 
his  farm  work  was  acconq)lished.  In  the  fall  of  1863  he  entered  Nichols 
^Vcademy,  Dudley,  Mass.,  and  was  graduated  in  1867.  He  then  became  a 
student  at  Andierst  College,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1871,  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Andover  Theological  Seminary  in  July,  1874.  July  8,  1874,  Mr  Howe  was 
ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  the  ('ongregational  church  in  Princeton,  Mass. 
Ten  years  prior.  May,  1864,  he  united  with  the  Congregational  church  of 
Oxford.  Ivev.  Mr  Howe  remained  in  Princeton  over  nine  years,  where  he  was 
an  able  and  esteemed  minister  and  pastor.  He  was  scribe  of  tlie  Worcester 
Central  Conference  for  five  years,  several  years  one  of  the  prudential  com- 
mittee of  the  Worcester  County  Sabbath  School  Association,  and  for  seven 
years  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Worcester  Musical  Association.  He  resigned 
at  Princeton  to  accept  the  call  to  Lewiston,  where  he  was  installed  pastor, 
February  13, 1884,  and  during  the  seven  3^ears  of  his  pastorate  here  the  results 
of  his  work  have  been  exceedingly  satisfactory.  The  congregations  have 
largely  added  to  their  number,  and  the  financial  prosperity  of  the  church  rests 
on  a  firm  foundation,  as  at  the  close  of  each  year  it  is  free  from  debt;  the 
benevolent  offerings  have  increased  tenfold;  the  church  membership  has  been 
greatly    augmented,   additions    on    confession    of    faith    being    made    every 

1  By  the  Editor. 


City  of  Lewiston.  373 


communion  Sunday  for  nearly  five  years.  The  energy  and  earnestness  of 
Rev.  Mr  Howe,  his  forceful  sermons  on  practical  Christianity  inspire  one  and 
all  to  help  forward  the  good  works  of  righteousness  of  which  he  is  such  a 
spirited  leader  and  teacher.  His  wife,  Mrs  Sarah  M.  (Kendall)  Howe,  an 
estimable  Christian  lady,  takes  an  active  interest  in  progress  and  reform. 

The  Sabbath  school  of  this  church,  established  34  years  ago,  is  the  second 
largest  of  the  denomination  in  the  state,  and  has.  progressed  wonderfully  in  the 
past  seven  years,  its  membership  having  increased  from  125  to  550.  Mr  F.  B. 
Sands  has  been  its  efficient  superintendent  for  the  past  ten  years,  also  church 
clerk  for  twenty  years. 

Universalist  jSociefi/.  —  In  February,  1858,  15  persons,  residents  of  Lew- 
iston, petitioned  Jolm  Smitli,  Fsq.,  to  issue  a  warrant  to  one  of  their  numbei* 
directing  him  to  notify  a  meeting  of  the  subscribers  for  the  purpose  of  organ- 
izing a  religious  society,  to  be  known  as  the  First  Universalist  Society  of 
Lewiston.  Judge  Smith  issued  a  warrant  dated  Feliruary  16,  1858,  and  the 
first  legal  meeting  was  held  at  the  house  of  Mr  ().  H.  Littlefield  on  Bates 
street,  February  23,  1858.  At  this  meeting,  John  Smith,  Esq.,  was  chosen 
clerk,  and  a  committee  consisting  of  Timothy  Walker,  John  Smith,  and  George 
W.  Farr  were  chosen  to  draft  a  constitution  and  by-laws.  The  by-laws  were 
reported  and  accepted  March  12.  Subsequently,  May  28,  the  society  chose  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Samuel  Haley,  George  W.  Farr,  and  Timotliy  Walker, 
to  "  pi'csent  the  society  to  the  Maine  Convention  of  Univorsalists  for  admission 
into  the  fellowship  of  that  body."  The  society  voted  July  (!,  1858,  to  instruct 
the  assessors  to  engage  the  services  of  Rev.  C.  H.  Webster  for  nine  months. 
Mr  Webster  had  been  for  some  time  pastor  of  tlie  High  Street  Universalist 
church  in  Auburn,  but  at  this  time  was  not  engaged  in  pastoral  labors.  He 
immediately  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  new  society,  which  he  retained  for 
about  two  years.  Soon  after  Mr  Webster's  resignation  the  society  became 
extinct.  The  society  first  held  their  meetings  in  Jones's  Hall,  but  subsequently 
worshiped  in  Lisbon  Hall. 

Bates  Street  Universalist  Society.  —  This  society  was  organized  August  17, 
18(J3,  the  meeting  being  held  in  the  Municipal  Court  Room.  Mr  B.  F.  Furber 
was  chosen  moderator,  and  John  Smith,  clerk.  On  the  23d  of  August,  a  con- 
stitution and  by-laws  were  adopted.  At  this  meeting  the  clerk  was  instructed 
to  correspond  with  Rev.  Martin  J.  Steere  for  the  purpose  of  securing  his 
services  as  pastor.  Mr  Steere  accepted  the  invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the 
society  and  commenced  his  labors  in  A[)ril,  1864.  The  society  held  its  serv- 
ices in  Lisbon  Hall,  in  what  is  now  College  Block,  Lisbon  street,  until  the 
completion  of  their  house  of  worship.  In  December,  1863,  the  question  of 
the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship  was  presented  to  the  society,  and  measures 
instituted  to  secure  the  speedy  erection  of  a  commodious  and  convenient 
church  edifice.     A  lot  of  sufficient  size  on  the  easterly  side  of  Bates  street, 


374  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


between  Ash  and  Pine,  was  procured  in  September,  1864,  of  the  Franklin 
Company,  and  ground  was  broken  in  December  of  that  year.  Subsequently 
tlie  lot  was  abandoned,  and  the  lot  on  which  their  house  of  worship  now 
stands  was  presented  to  the  society  by  N.  W.  Farwell,  Esq.  The  house  was 
commenced  in  1805  and  finished  in  March,  1866.  It  is  55  x  75  feet,  and  the 
front  is  elaborately  finished,  the  Tuscan  order  of  architecture.  The  audience 
room  is  55x61  feet,  and  contains  106  pews,  with  a  seating  capacity  sufiicient 
to  accommodate  500  persons.  The  church  was  dedicated  March  15,  1866. 
The  sermon  was  preached  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  Martin  J.  Steere,  and 
pi-ayer  was  made  by  liev.  George  Bates,  of  Auburn.  In  the  evening  Mr  Steere 
was  formally  installed  pastor  and  an  appropriate  sermon  was  delivered,  by 
Kev.  Mr  Bolles,  of  Portland.  The  church  is  a  wooden  structure,  substantially 
constructed  and  finely  finished  and  furnished,  and  was  built  at  a  cost  of 
$22,000. 

During  the  ministry  of  Mr  Steere,  July  2,  1865,  a  church  was  organized,, 
consisting  of  15  members,  viz.:  John  Smith,  Ezekiel  Martin,  Daniel  B.  Jones, 
Roana  D.  Jones,  I.  W.  Coburn,  Abby  Coburn,  Moses  H.  Harris,  Martin 
J.  Steere,  Harriet  M.  Steere,  Hattie  A.  Steere,  Henry  Hamilton,  Almira  W. 
Hamilton,  Jesse  H.  Field,  and  Mrs  B.  F.  Furber.  Mr  Steere  remained  pastor 
of  the  church  and  society  until  October,  1869,  when  he  closed  his  pastorate, 
greatly  to  the  regret  of  his  peo[)le,  who  had  under  his  ministry  enjoyed  unusual 
prosperity.  Mr  Steere  was  succeeded  in  April,  1870,  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Armies,  of 
Ridgeway,  N.  H.,  who  remained  until  May,  1871.  He  removed  to  Long 
Island.  Rev.  J.  W.  Ilines  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  August,  1872.  Rev. 
Almon  Gage  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  1874.  In  1876  Rev.  C.  P. 
Nash  was  called  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  society.  Rev.  W.  G.  Haskell 
became  pastor  in  1878.  Rev.  W.  S.  Perkins  commenced  his  pastoral  work  in 
1884.     The  present  pastor.  Rev.  R.  F.  Johonnot,  was  called  in  1889. 

Rev.  Martin  J.  Steere,  the  first  pastor  of  the  church,  was  born  at  Smith- 
field,  R.  I.,  (3ctober  15,  1814.  He  commenced  preaching  in  1834,  and 
subsequently  was  a  student  at  Parsonsfield  Seminary.  So  strongly  was  he 
imbued  with  the  missionary  spirit  that  he  offered  himself  as  a  missionary  to 
Orissa,  India,  but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  relinquish  the  design.  He  was 
prepared  for  college  at  Fruit  Hill,  R.  I.,  but  was  compelled  to  abandon  study 
on  account  of  sickness.  He  was  ordained  and  became  pastor  of  the  Free 
Baptist  church  in  (lieorgiaville  in  1837,  and  resigned  in  1839.  Mr  Steere  was 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Apponaug  for  three  years,  at  North  Scituate  three 
years,  and  at  Greenville  one  year.  He  then  became  pastor  of  the  Free  Baptist 
church  at  Waterford,  Mass.  In  1851  Mr  Steere  refused  the  pastorate  of  a 
church  in  Boston,  preferring  to  remain  at  Waterford.  He  delivered  the 
oration  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  the  Maine  State  Seminary,  now 
Bates   College,  June  26,  1856.      A  few  years  later  Mr  Steere  announced  a 


City  of  Lewiston.  375 


change  in  his  religions  views,  and  embraced  the  doctrines  of  the  Universalists. 
He  was  a  man  of  marked  ability,  a  gracefnl  and  brilliant  speaker,  and  was  held 
in  high  esteem.  His  pastorate  in  Lewiston  was  very  snccessfiil  and  he 
endeared  himself  to  his  people,  and  his  resignation  was  accepted  with  many 
regrets.  Mr  Steere  became  pastor  of  the  Universalist  church  at  Poland, 
November  30,  1873,  and  resigned  May  19,  187G.  He  died  in  Connecticut  in 
January,  1877. 

Fine  Street  Free  Baptist  Church.  — The  constituent  members  of  this  church, 
consisting  of  52  persons,  were  dismissed  from  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptist 
church,  and  organized,  January  3,  1869,  by  a  council  consisting  of  Rev.  ().  li. 
Cheney,  D.D.,  Prof.  B.  F.  Hayes,  of  Bates  College,  and  Rev.  John  A.  Lowell, 
pastor  of  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptist  church.  These  persons  constituted 
the  church  at  its  organization:  Rev.  J.  S.  Burgess,  Mrs  Laura  A.  Burgess, 
Rev.  Gideon  Perkins,  Mrs  Gideon  Perkins,  Roland  E.  Patterson,  Mrs  R.  E. 
Patterson,  D.  B.  Sanderson,  Mrs  D.  B.  Sanderson,  S.  E.  Buker,  Mrs  S.  E.  Buker, 
Noah  Litchfield,  Benjamin  P.  Lowell,  Mrs  Benjamin  P.  Lowell,  James  R. 
Blaisdell,  Mrs  James  R.  Blaisdell,  Caleb  Gilbert,  Mrs  Caleb  Gilbert,  Henry  N. 
Eastman,  Mrs  Henry  N.  Eastman,  Ezekiel  Wakefield,  Mrs  Ezekiel  Wakefield, 
Thomas  D.  Thorne,  James  Wood,  Edward  Clark,  Mrs  Edward  Clark,  Lewis 
W.  Pitman,  Mrs  Lewis  W.  Pitman,  William  Hersey,  Henry  A.  Chanell, 
Mrs  Henry  A.  Chanell,  Mrs  Drusilla  Swift,  Mrs  Orinda  Squirs,  Miss  Emma 
J.  Caston,  Mrs  Carolina  Phillips,  Mrs  Mary  Whitternore,  Mrs  Araxsenie 
Rowell,  Miss  Lizzie  Brackett,  Mrs  Laura  Thorne,  Mrs  Julia  French,  Mrs  Olive 
Tuiner,  Mrs  Laura  J.  Webster,  Mrs  Sarah  C.  Litchfield,  Mrs  Lucinda  E.  Lane, 
Mrs  Mary  L.  Mitchell,  Mrs  Hulda  Cole,  Miss  Eliza  Bickford,  Miss  Lydia 
Small,  Miss  Sarah  E.  Sawyer,  Miss  Arvesta  Towle,  Miss  Sarah  Pettengill. 
They  worshiped  in  Lisbon  Hall  until  the  completion  of  their  liouse  of  worship 
in  December,  18(39.  This  neat  church  edifice  is  located  on  Pine  street,  corner 
of  Blake,  and  was  dedicated  December  9,  1869,  by  the  pastor.  Rev.  J.  S. 
Burgess,  assisted  by  Rev.  Gideon  Perkins,  a  member  of  the  church;  Rev. 
W.  H.  Bowen,  of  the  Main  Street  Free  Baptist  church;  Rev.  U.  Balkam, 
of  the  Pine  Street  Congregational  church;  and  Rev.  E.  M.  Haynes,  of  the 
First  Baptist  church.  Tiie  house  is  a  plain  and  substantial  wooden  structure, 
with  a  basement  which  is  occupied  as  a  vestry  and  lecture-room,  and  cost  tlie 
society  *14,000. 

The  church  was  fortunate  in  securing  the  services  of  Rev.  J.  S.  Burgess,  so 
long  the  pastor  of  Main  Street  Free  Baptist  church.  Mr  Burgess  commenced 
his  labors  October  1,  1869,  and  remained  as  pastor  until  Deceniber  31,  1875. 
Mr  Burgess's  pastorate  was  marked  with  his  usual  success,  and  his  resignation 
caused  deep  regret.  Rev.  Richard  L.  Howard,  the  second  pastor,  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  and  had  been  pastor  in  Fairfort  for  three  years.  His  pastorate 
commenced    here    in    May,    1876,    and    closed    in    January,    1879.       He    was 


376  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

succeeded  by  Rev.  A.  C.  Hogben,  in  February,  1879,  who  resigned  in  February, 
1880.  Rev.  John  I>.  Jordan,  the  fourth  pastor,  was  born  in  Auburn,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  June  11,  1878.  He  commenced  to  supply  this  pulpit  in 
February,  1880,  and  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  May  22,  1882.  His 
pastorate,  which  was  a  very  successful  one,  closed  September  1,  1883.  Mr  O.  L. 
Gile,  a  student  at  the  Cobb  Divinity  School,  supplied  the  pulpit  from  Septem- 
ber, 1883,  to  September,  1885.  Rev.  William  J.  Twort,  the  fifth  pastor,  came 
from  Canton,  and  commenced  liis  work  as  pastor  in  March,  1886,  and  closed 
his  labors  in  September,  1889,  to  accept  the  pastorate  of  the  P^ree  Ba])tist 
church  in  Lynn,  Mass.  The  present  pastor.  Rev.  S.  A.  Blaisdell,  came  from 
Bath,  and  was  publicly  installed  January  31,  1890.  The  services  were  by  the 
clergymen  of  Lewiston  arid  Auburn,  viz.:  Prayer,  by  Rev.  C.  C.  Tilley,  of  the 
First  Baptist  church;  sermon,  by  Rev.  Martyn  Summerbell,  D.D.,  of  the  Main 
Street  Free  Baptist  church;  installing  prayer,  by  Rev.  A.  S.  Ladd,  of  the  High 
Street  Methodist  church.  Auburn;  right-hand  of  fellowship,  by  Prof.  B.  F. 
Hayes,  D.D.,  of  Bates  College;  charge  to  the  pastor,  by  Rev.  T.  H.  Stacy,  Free 
P)aptist  church,  Auburn;  charge  to  church,  by  Rev.  F.  S.  Root,  of  the  High 
Street  Congregational  chinch.  Auburn;  welcome  to  the  city,  by  Rev.  C  M. 
Howe,  of  Pine  Street  Congregational  church;  welcome  in  behalf  of  church, 
by  Prof.  J.  A.  Howe,  D.D.,  of  Cobb  Divinity  School. 

The  Hammond  Street  3Ietho(ll!<t  Church.  —  Tliis  church  was  organized  in 
June,  1870,  with  these  members:  Samuel  \l.  Bearce,  Betse}^  Bearce,  William 
Ivobinson,  Abbie  P.  IJobinson,  Joel  Nevens,  Julia  Nevens,  Warren  S.  Butler, 
P'.liza  M.  Butler,  Joshua  (x.  Richardson,  Maria  S.  Richardson,  William  G. 
Richardson,  A.  J.  Aiken,  Sarah  C.  Aiken,  Lizzie  S.  Abbott,  and  Etta  J.  Rob- 
inson. It  now  has  a  membership  of  about  150.  Rev.  H.  B.  Abbott,  who  for 
five  years  had  been  pastor  of  the  Park  Street  Methodist  church,  was  appointed 
pastor  of  the  church  and  commenced  his  labors  the  first  Sabbath  in  June, 
1870.  He  closed  his  pastorate  in  May,  1873.  The  society  worshiped  in  the 
old  Baptist  church  on  Main  street,  corner  of  Lisbon,  until  the  early  part  of 
1876,  when  their  church  edifice  was  completed.  It  was  commenced  in  the 
spring  of  1875,  and  is  situated  on  the  easterly  side  of  Hammond  street.  The 
erection  of  a  suitable  house  of  worship  for  the  convenience  of  the  society  had 
been  a  subject  of  discussion  for  some  time,  but  no  definite  arrangements  had 
been  perfected  until  this  year.  Mr  Samuel  R.  liearce,  who  had  been  one  of 
the  original  promoters  in  the  organization  of  the  church,  and  its  principal 
patron,  gave  the  lot  on  which  the  house  is  built,  and  also  gave  towards  its  con- 
struction the  sum  of  $10,000.  Tliis  munificent  gift  encouraged  the  society, 
tliough  small,  to  commence  their  present  house  of  worship.  The  church  has 
a  basement  which  is  used  as  a  vestry,  over  which  is  the  audience  room,  neatly 
and  tastily  finished,  capable  of  seating  about  500.  The  exterior  is  of  wood, 
with  pleasing  design  and  finish.    The  whole  cost  was  not  far  from  -118,000,  and 


City  of  Lewiston.  377 


it  was  dedicated  January  24,  1876,  by  Bishop  Foster.  Rev.  Messrs  E.  Martin, 
the  presiding  elder  of  the  district,  S.  F.  Wetherbee,  the  pastor,  A.  S.  Ladd, 
N.  C.  Clifford,  and  other  members  of  the  ministry  of  the  denomination  were 
present. 

Rev.  I).  W.  LeLacheur  was  appointed  as  a  supply  in  1873,  and  in  1874  was 
appointed  as  pastor.  Rev.  S.  F.  Wetherbee  was  appointed  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  church  in  1875,  and  remained  three  years.  Rev.  J.  Benson  Hamilton  was 
appointed  to  the  charge  in  1878  and  was  continued  for  three  years.  In  1881 
Rev.  A.  S.  Ladd  was  pastor.  He  was  followed  in  1882  by  Rev.  W.  S.  Mclntire. 
Rev.  Roscoe  Sanderson  was  pastor  for  three  years  commencing  with  1883; 
Rev.  C.  L.  Libby  in  1886,  and  re-appointed  in  1887.  Mr  Libby  left  the 
conference  quite  early  in  the  year,  removed  to  Utah,  and  is  serving  the 
dfenomination  as  a  missionary.  His  place  was  supplied  for  the  remainder  of 
the  year  by  Mr  William  B.  Dnkeshire,  a  student  at  Kent's  Hill.  Rev.  Perry 
Chandler  came  here  in  1888  and  remained  as  pastor  for  three  years.  Rev.  J. 
A.  Corey,  the  present  pastor,  was  appointed  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in 
May,  1891.  Only  two  of  the  pastors  of  the  church  have  died:  Rev.  H.  B. 
Abbott,  whose  death  is  mentioned  in  the  sketch  of  Park  Street  church,  and 
Rev.  S.  F.  Wetherbee,  who  died  April  24,  1890.  Mr  Wetherbee  was  born  in 
Harvard,  Mass.,  January  23,  1815.  He  entered  the  Maine  Conference  in  1845, 
and  served  in  quite  a  number  of  the  most  important  charges  in  the  Maine  and 
East  Maine  CJonferences. 

St  Joi<cp]ii>  Catholic  f Irish)  Church.  —  The  first  Catholic  service  in  Lewiston 
was  held  at  the  house  of  1*.  McGillicuddy,  Esq.,  in  June,  1850,  by  Ivev.  Charles 
McCollion,  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  Mr  McGillicuddy 's  house  was  on  the  old 
street  leading  from  Main  street  down  the  river,  and  near  where  the  Continental 
Mills  are  situated.  The  building  had  been  a  school-house,  but  was  purchased 
May  1,  1850,  by  Mr  McGillicuddy,  and  converted  into  a  dwelling-house. 
Subsequently  meetings  were  held  by  Father  McCollion  in  the  Bates  dye-house, 
the  Cowan  Mill,  as  well  as  in  several  other  places.  Father  McCollion  continued 
to  visit  Lewiston  at  regular  intervals,  once  in  four  weeks,  until  worship  was 
established  in  the  chapel  formerly  occupied  by  the  First  Baptist  church,  on 
Lincoln  street.  The  Catholics  bought  the  chapel  of  the  Franklin  Company. 
The  chapel  was  provided  with  settees,  but  these  were  removed  and  the 
Catholics  purchased  tlie  pews,  52  in  number,  in  the  Old  South  Baptist  meeting- 
house, and  had  them  set  u[)  in  the  chapel. 

It  was  during  Father  McCollion's  ministry  that  Miss  Augusta  A.  Davis, 
daughter  of  Deacon  Stei)hen  Davis,  of  this  city,  and  a  teacher  in  the  high 
school,  became  interested  in  the  moral  and  religious  welfare  of  the  Irish 
children,  and  established  a  Sabbath  school  for  their  instruction,  which  was  held 
for  the  most  of  the  time  in  the  high  school  building.  Miss  Davis  received  the 
co-operation  of  Father  McCollion  and  the  leading  Catholics,  as  well  as  many 


378  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


of  the  Protestants  of  the  place.  Miss  Davis  married  Rev.  Joseph  K.  Greene, 
and  for  more  than  thirty  years  has  been  a  missionary  in  Turkey,  being  located 
at  Constantinople. 

Subsequently  Kev.  Peter  McLaughlin,  of  Bath,  held  services  here  one-half 
of  the  time.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Thomas  Kenney,  whose  time  was 
equally  divided  between  Lewiston  and  Biddeford.  Rev.  John  Cullin  was  the 
first  Catholic  clergyman  permanently  located  here,  and  remained  about  two 
years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Daniel  Wheelon,  whose  ministry  occupied 
nearly  six  years.  Rev.  J.  A.  T.  Durnin  was  the  immediate  successor  of 
Father  Wheelon,  and  remained  16  months.  Rev.  Michael  Lucy  came  here  in 
October,  1862.  The  church,  St  Joseph's,  located  on  Main  street,  was  built 
under  the  immediate  direction  of  Father  Lucy.  The  corner-stone  was  laid 
with  appropriate  ceremonies,  June  13,  1864,  Bishop  Bacon,  of  Portland, 
officiating.  The  foundation  was  completed  in  the  autumn  of  that  year,  and 
the  building  finished  in  1867.  The  church  cost  •fr)r),000.  Rev.  Clement 
Mutsaers  succeeded  Father  Lucy  as  pastor  of  the  church. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Wallace  assumed  charge  of  the  church  in  August,  1876. 
During  his  ministry  of  15  years  he  has  done  a  marked  work  for  St  Joseph's 
church.  It  is  now  one  of  the  strongest  churches  of  the  denomination  in  the 
state.  Besides  his  ordinary  church  work  he  has  superintended  the  building  of 
the  new  church,  St  Patrick's,  on  Bates  street,  facing  the  park.  It  was  com- 
menced in  the  spring  of  1887,  and  the  outside  completed  that  year,  and  is  now 
ready  for  occupancy.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  church  edifices  in  the  state,  all  of 
its  appointments  being  in  the  best  and  most  approved  style.  It  lias  magnificent 
windows  of  stained  glass,  and  the  altars  are  of  superior  design  and  workman- 
ship. Connected  with  the  church  is  the  chapel,  having  an  entrance  from 
Walnut  street,  capable  of  seating  500  persons.  The  main  building  is  about 
180x65  feet,  with  a  seating  capacity  for  1,000  persons.  The  whole  cost  of  the 
church  is  not  far  from  $78,000.  The  lot,  which  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  in 
the  city,  cost  125,000. 

St  Peters  Qatholic  (French)  Church.  —  The  first  service  held  by  the  French 
Catholics  was  at  the  chapel  (Irish)  on  Lincoln  street,  on  July  2, 1870,  by  Rev. 
Edward  Leternearn,  who  remained  until  October,  1871.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  Peter  Hevey,  who  held  his  first  service  October  11,  1871.  October 
22,  Father  Hevey  addressed  his  congregation  on  the  importance  of  the  erection 
of  a  house  of  worship,  to  which  the  society  res[)onded  with  marked  enthusiasm. 
A  lot  was  first  purchased  on  Bates,  corner  of  Ash  street,  but  was  soon 
abandoned,  and  the  lot  on  Bartlett  street  secured  instead.  The  corner-stone 
of  the  new  church  edifice  was  laid  July  7,  1872,  in  the  presence  of  Bishop 
Bacon,  The  church  was  dedicated  May  14,  1873,  Bishop  Bacon  conducting 
the  services.  The  building  is  of  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture,  and  is  built 
of  brick  with  granite  trimmings.     It  will  seat  1,500  persons  and  cost  't75,000. 


City  of  Lewiston.  379 


Father  Hevey  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  A.  Mothon,  the  present  pastor.  Tlie 
assistant  pastors  are  Reverends  B.  Charmont,  T.  H.  Morard,  A.  Maricourt, 
P.  Duchaussoy,  and  R.  Grolleaii. 

Schools.  —  Previous  to  1795  tlie  schools  were  undoubtedly  conducted  by 
private  contributions.  Tradition  furnishes  all  the  information  we  liave  of  the 
schools.  Daniel  Davis,  who  came  in  1777,  taught  for  several  winters  in  his 
house,  and  his  brother  Amos,  who  came  earlier,  was  probably  employed  in 
teaching.  Amos  Davis  built,  it  is  said,  a  small  house  for  Mrs  Poor,  his  relative, 
near  the  residence  of  Daniel  B.  Jones  on  Sabatis  street,  probably  as  early  as 
1780,  in  which  she  taught  school  for  a  number  of  years.  Dan  Read,  Esq.,  who 
came  in  1788,  was  a  school-teacher  for  several  years.  Noah  Litchfield,  who 
came  in  1792,  was  employed  in  teaching.  In  the  north  part  of  the  town  John 
Chandler  also  taught,  a  part  of  the  time,  for  nearly  10  years.  In  1791  Mr 
David  Gross  taught  in  James  Garcelon's  house  at  "  Garcelon's  Ferry,"  and 
Mrs  Thomas  Mitchell  taught  in  the  west  end  of  the  Mitchell  log  house  about 
1793.  Mr  Mitchell  lived  on  the  farm  formerly  owned  and  occupied  by 
Colonel  William  Garcelon,  and  now  owned  by  Captain  Silas  B.  Osgood. 
Benning  Wentworth  taught  in  Mr  Mitchell's  house  in  1799  and  1800  ;  and 
Dr  Barrett  also  taught  in  a  small  room  in  one  end  of  James  Ames's  black- 
smith shop.  Nearly  all  were  private  schools,  supported  by  voluntary  con- 
tributions, and  were  maintained  for  a  long  time  after  1795.  At  the  first  town 
meeting,  held  April,  1795,  it  was  voted  to  raise  X60  for  schools.  May  6th, 
"voted  to  accept  the  districts  as  the  Select  men  have  Laid  them  out  for  school- 
ing." It  was  also  "  voted  the  Maj'r  Part  of  Each  District  Should  have  power 
to  Lay  their  money  out  as  they  See  proper  Either  in  Schools  or  building  a 
house  for  that  Purpose."  The  town  was  divided  into  six  "Classes"  or  "Dis- 
tricts," and  a  "Collector"  or  "head"  chosen  for  each.  First  Class. —  Nathan 
Cutler  was  elected  collector,  comprising  the  northern  part  of  the  town.  Second 
Class.— Abner  Harris  was  collector,  embracing  what  is  now  the  city  proper. 
Third  Class. —  Joel  Thompson  was  collector,  now  known  as  Rose  Hill  district. 
Fourth  Class. —  Ezra  Randall  was  elected  collector,  the  Thorne  district.  Fifth 
Class. — Isaac  Cotton,  now  the  Clough  district.  Sixth  Class. — William  Garce- 
lon was  elected  collector,  at  Garcelon's  Ferry. 

By  authority  granted  by  the  town,  district  No.  3  built  a  school-house  in 
1795,  on  the  farm  of  Deacon  Josiah  Mitchell,  opposite  the  house  of  Deacon 
Stephen  Davis,  the  first  in  town.  It  served  not  only  for  a  school-house,  but 
for  a  town-house,  and  meeting-house  for  the  Baptist  church  for  nearly  a  quarter 
of  a  century.  After  several  changes  in  the  boundaries  of  the  district,  it  was 
removed  to  Rose  Hill,  where  it  remained  until  the  present  school-house  was 
erected  in  1850.  Subsequently  it  was  sold  to  Horace  B.  Bartlett  and  removed 
to  Orange  street.  It  was  torn  down  a  few  years  since.  The  annual  town 
meeting  for  1796  was  held  in  this  house,  and  these  appropriations  made  for 


380  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

building  new  school-houses:  First  class,  Nathan  Cutler,  head,  $166.67;  second 
class,  Noah  Litchfield,  head,  $100;  third  class,  Robert  Anderson,  head, 
$188.33;  fourth  class,  Samuel  Thorne,  head,  $50;  fifth  class,  Isaac  Cotton, 
head,  $40;  sixth  class,  Ezra  Purinton,  head,  $100;  seventh  class,  Ezra  Randall, 
head,  $66.66.  The  town  also  raised  $100  for  the  support  of  schools.  In  1797 
$100  was  raised  for  schools,  and  the  usual  school  officers  —  "Heads"  —  elected. 
District  No.  7  was  probably  discontinued.  The  first  district  was  authorized 
to  expend  their  school  mone}'^  in  completing  the  school-house  which  they 
commenced  the  previous  year.  District  No.  2  commenced  a  school-house  in 
1797,  but  the  town,  April  1,  1797,  refused  to  raise  money  towards  its  comple- 
tion; but  in  1801  the  district  voted  to  build,  selected  a  site,  and  chose  a 
building  committee.  In  March,  1802,  the  building  committee  decided  to 
build  "brick  and  mortar,"  but  for  some  cause  the  enterprise  failed,  and  the 
school-house  was  not  built  until  1804,  and  then  of  wood.  This  was  the  fifth  in 
town,  school-houses  having  been  built  in  No.  4  in  1802,  and  in  No.  S  in  1803. 

About  1802  Richard  D.  Harris  came  and  commenced  teaching.  Mr  Harris 
was  a  very  energetic  as  well  as  a  very  enthusiastic  teacher,  and  infused  new 
life  and  vigor  into  our  schools,  but  it  did  not  assume  a  permanent  form,  for 
they  lapsed  into  their  former  methods.  Year  after  year  the  town  voted  money 
for  schools,  gradually  increasing  the  sum,  but  not  in  proportion  to  the  increase 
of  population,  until  1831,  when  $700  was  voted.  Previously  the  interest  in 
education  had  somewhat  advanced  and  private  schools  were  opened  in  several 
[)arts  of  the  town,  under  the  direction  of  competent  instructors.  Hew. 
Benjamin  Thorne,  William  Bond,  and  Aaron  I).  Thorne  taught  with  unusual 
success  and  acquired  more  than  an  ordinary  re[)utation  as  instructors  of  youth. 
During  the  decade  previous  to  1850  little  progress  was  made  in  our  schools. 
No  one  was  especially  interested  in  placing  before  the  people  the  importance 
of  appropriating  more  money  for  their  support,  or  furnishing  better  accom- 
modations. The  school-houses,  Jis  a  rule,  were  poor,  and  constructed  by 
persons  having  meagre  knowledge  of  proper  school  buildings,  and  who  knew 
as  little  how  they  ought  to  be  furnished.  In  1847  Rev.  George  Knox  located 
here,  and  soon  after  commenced  teaching  private  schools.  He  had  progressive 
views  of  school  work  and  soon  won  the  confidence  of  the  community,  as  well 
as  the  town,  as  a  prudent  and  wise  educator.  He  was  soon  placed  on  the 
school  committee  and  afterwards  elected  supervisor,  and  could  usually  carry 
any  a})proj)iiation  he  asked  for.  Under  his  supervision  there  was  an  advance 
not  only  in  the  village,  but  throughout  the  rural  portions  of  the  town.  In 
1841  district  No.  2,  the  village  district,  was  divided,  and  that  portion  lying 
next  the  river  was  constituted  a  district  by  itself,  and  called  No.  16 ;  but  in 
1850  this  district  was  united  with  No.  2. 

During  the  summer  of  1850  a  two-story  school-house  was  built  in  the 
village  district,  and  a  high  school  established  under  the  direction  of  George  W. 


City  of  Lewiston.  381 


Jewett,  a  teacher  of  much  experience  and  rare  ability.  Mr  Jevvett  remained 
about  two  years.  From  tliis  date  the  schools  in  the  village  assumed  new  life, 
and  their  progress  has  been  constant.  They  are  now  justly  recognized  as 
among  the  best  in  the  state.  In  18(30  this  district  was  authorized  by  act  of  the 
legislature,  a})proved  March  6,  to  choose  three  directors,  who  were  invested 
with  all  the  authority  of  school  agents,  and  school  committee,  or  supervisor. 
They  were  to  determine  the  number  of  grades  of  schools  and  the  number  of 
schools  in  each  grade,  to  classify  the  scholars,  and  to  expend  the  money 
a[)portioned  by  the  town  to  the  district  for  the  sup[)ort  of  schools.  The 
inhabitants  were  authorized  to  adopt  by-laws  and  regulations,  not  contrary  to 
the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  state  for  the  regulation  of  the  schools.  This 
was  the  first  substantial  movement  for  a  system  of  graded  schools.  The  two 
small  schools  in  1850  have  become  21  ])rimaries,  8  intermediates,  with  a  two 
years'  course,  a  grammar  school  of  ten  classes  with  a  four  years'  course,  a  high 
school  having  a  four  years'  course  with  tliree  courses  of  study,  viz.,  an  English, 
English  classical,  and  college  preparatory.  Many  of  the  school-houses  are 
models  in  design,  in  architectural  beauty  and  finish,  as  well  as  the  character 
and  style  of  the  furniture.  V>y  a  special  act  of  the  legislature  in  1864,  the 
district  system  was  abolished  and  the  town  system  ado[)ted.  For  more  than  a 
(quarter  of  a  century  this  method  has  been  tried  with  marked  success.  The 
great  advantage  which  has  grown  out  of  this  system  is  especially  recognized  in 
the  rural  schools  of  the  city.  These  schools,  whether  large  or  small,  have  the 
same  number  of  terms  and  generally  the  same  number  of  weeks,  are  provided 
with  better  teachers,  have  an  improved  course  (jf  study,  and  many  of  the 
scholars  have  been  ])repared  for  and  have  entered  the  high  school  and  have 
graduated  with  credit  to  themselves  as  well  as  the  school.  All  scholars  of 
the  city  are  admitted  free  who  have  the  necessary  qualifications. 

In  1872  tlie  school  board  were  authorized  to  su[)ply  each  pupil  with  text- 
books and  school  appliances  free.  Since  that  time  our  schools  have  been  free 
indeed.  Everything  needed  in  the  school-room,  from  the  sub-primary  to  the 
high  school,  is  furnished  by  the  city  and  paid  for  with  the  money  appropriated 
for  this  purpose.  Besides  the  schools  already  mentioned,  there  has  been  in 
successful  operation  the  .most  of  the  time  for  20  years  a  Normal  Training 
School,  where  young  ladies,  mostly  graduates  of  the  high  school,  have  had  the 
advantages,  under  the  direction  of  a  skillful  and  experienced  teacher,  of 
training  in  the  best  methods  of  instruction  and  in  school  economy.  Unques- 
tionably, this  school  has  had  much  to  do  with  the  present  high  standard  of  the 
Lewiston  schools.  Every  teacher  enters  the  school-room  with  a  commendable 
knowledge  of  the  best  methods  of  instruction  recognized  by  the  best  educators 
in  the  country.  Nor  are  they  novices  in  teaching,  for  they  have  had  a  year's 
experience,  and  some  of  them  more,  under  the  instruction  of  a  competent 
teacher,  for  this  school  unites  the  theory  as  well  as  the  practice  of  teaching. 


382  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  school  board  consists  of  14  members,  two  from  each  ward  in  the  city,  one  of 
whom  is  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  March  for  the  term  of  two  years. 
By  this  method  at  least  one-half  of  the  board  has  had  an  experience  of  one 
year  in  the  management  of  the  schools.  In  1871  the  school  board  elected  a 
superintendent  of  schools,  and  since  that  time  the  office  has  been  maintained. 
Mr  G.  A.  Stuart  is  the  present  superintendent. 


CHAPTER   XVin. 


Saw  and  Grist  Mills  —  Lewiston  Falls  Water-Power  Co. —  R.  C.  Pingree  &  Co.  —  Read, 
Small  &  Co.  —  Barker's  Mills  —  Other  Mills  —  Lewiston  Falls  Manufacturing  Co.  —  The 
First  Cotton  Mill  —  Lewiston  Water-Power  Co. —  Franklin  Co.  —  Liucoln  Mill — Bates 
Manufacturing  Co.  —  Hill  Manufacturing  Co.  —  Androscoggin  Mill —Continental  Mills  — 
The  Lewiston  Mill — Avon  Mill  —  Lewiston  Bleachery  —  Cowan  Woolen  Co.  —  Cumherland 
Mill — Union  Water-Power  Co.  —  Lewiston  Machine  Co.  —  Gay-Woodman  Co. — Jordan, 
Frost  &  Co.  —  Lewiston  Bobbin  Shop— H.  H.  Dickey  &  Sou  —  Lewiston  Monumental 
Works — Other  Manufactures. 

SAW  AND  Grist  Mills.  —  The  saw-mill  erected  by  Lawrence  J.  Harris 
in  1770-71,  on  the  river  nearly  where  the  Cowan  Mill  stands,  was  burned 
about  1785,  soon  after  the  death  of  Mr  Harris.  It  is  supposed  the  mills 
— saw  and  grist-mill — remained  under  his  control  during  his  life-time  ;  but  they 
soon  passed  into  the  hands  of  Little  and  the  heirs  of  Bagley.  The  mill  was 
simple.  There  was  no  dam  across  the  river,  or  canal,  but  the  water  was 
conveyed  into  a  small  pond  by  a  small  flume  which  extended  into  the  river  and 
rested  on  the  ledge  near  the  summit  of  the  falls.  A  dam  was  built  across  the 
valley,  just  above  the  mill,  which  reached  the  hill  on  the  eastern  side,  touching 
a  spur  of  ledge  on  the  river  bank  that  formed  part  of  the  western  portion  of 
the  dam.  Several  years  after  the  erection  of  the  saw-mill,  Mr  Harris  built  a 
grist-mill,  taking  the  power  from  the  same  pond,  but  it  was  so  near  the  river 
that  after  standing  a  few  years  it  was  undermined,  and  became  a  total  loss. 
Soon  after  the  destruction  of  the  mill  in  1785,  it  was  rebuilt  by  the  pro- 
prietors, but,  like  its  predecessor,  it  was  burned.  In  1808-9  the  first  dam 
across  the  river  here  was  built,  and  a  canal  made.  The  dam  was  built  of 
timber,  rudely  constructed,  and  did  not  occupy  the  same  position  of  those 
built  later.  On  this  canal,  and  on  ground  now  covered  by  the  northerly  wing 
of  the  Lincoln  Mill,  Mr  Little  built,  in  1801),  a  large  wooden  building,  and  had 


City  of  Lewiston.  383 


under  one  roof,  saw,  grist,  and  fulling  mills.  There  was  also  a  carding 
machine.  In  the  spring  of  1814  this  mill  was  consuu)ed  by  fire,  a  total  loss  to 
Mr  Little  and  a  great  misfortune  to  the  people.  These  mills  were  undoubt- 
edly burned  by  the  torch  of  tlic  incendiary.  Mr  Little  was  much  grieved  by 
these  manifestations  of  enmity.  There  was  unquestionably  much  feeling  in 
the  community  against  Mr  Little,  but  the  sentiment  was  almost  universal 
and  pronounced  against  this  wanton  destruction  of  property.  In  a  letter  to 
Mr  Amos  Davis,  written  in  March,  1815,  Mr  Little  writes: 

My  son,  Michael,  writes  that  the  people  of  Lewiston  and  Minot  are  desirous  to  have  a 
grist-mill  and  saw-mill  built  this  season  on  the  falls,  and  that  the  people  would  get  in  the 
timber  that  will  be  suitable  for  them,  provided  I  would  consent  to  put  them  up  this  season. 
If  the  people  think  the  mills  will  be  safe  from  the  base  incendiary,  who  has  no  more  regard 
for  one  man  than  another,  I  will,  with  the  assistance  of  the  people,  make  one  more  trial  to 
rebuild  them.  But  I  should  like  to  have  the  timber  cut  on  the  old  of  the  moon,  that  if  it 
should  be  preserved  from  fire  it  might  be  more  durable. 

A  new  mill  much  better  than  the  one  destroyed  was  built  that  season,  which 
remained  until  about  1850,  when  it  gave  place  to  valuable  improvements. 

Tlte  Lewiston  Falls  Water-Power  Companij^  in  1851,  built  a  large  saw-mill 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  pumping  station  of  the  Lewiston  water  works. 
It  was  a  commodious  building,  furnished  with  the  best  of  machinery  for 
nninufacturing  lumber,  cost  157,000,  and  was  leased  to  Captain  Daniel  Holland 
for  five  years.  This  mill  was  also  destroyed  by  fire,  on  the  evening  of  August 
28,  1852.  Besides  that  part  of  the  building  occupied  by  Captain  Holland,  the 
basement  was  used  by  Cliarles  Dean  for  planing  lumber,  having  two  pianino- 
machines;  the  chamber  by  Cyrus  Parsons,  who  had  one  planing  machine,  and 
the  attic  by  Wedgewood  &  Prescott,  carpenters.  There  were  28  persons 
employed  in  the  building.  The  Water-Power  Company  immediately  rebuilt 
the  mill,  which,  in  March,  1856,  was  leased  to  Samuel  11.  Bearce  &  Co.,  and 
used  by  them  until  the  property  was  sold  to  the  city. 

R.  C.  Pimjree  ^  (Jo.  —  In  1805  S.  R.  Bearce  &  Co.  built  a  large  steam  mill, 
(50x114  feet,  costing  nearly  ^60,000,  on  the  river  about  a  fourth  of  a  mile 
above  the  Maine  Central  station,  where  they  commenced  the  manufacture  of 
lumber  in  1866.  It  is  one  of  the  best  mills  in  the  state,  has  gang,  circular, 
shingle,  clapboard,  and  lath  saws,  and  planing  machines.  The  power  is  a  250 
horse-power  engine.  The  annual  })roduction  is  about  13,250,000  feet  of  lono- 
lumber,  6,000,000  shingles,  850,000  laths,  and  600,000  clapboards,  valued  at 
#250,000,  and  employs  100  men.  Since  the  death  of  Mr  Bearce  the  business 
has  been  carried  on  by  R.  C.  Pingree  &  Co.  Mr  Pingree  has  been  identified 
with  the  management  of  the  mill  ever  since  it  was  put  in  operation. 

Read.,  Small  ^  Co. — A  steam-mill,  which  cost  $7,500,  was  built  at  Barker's 
Mills,  in  1847,  by  Read,  Small  &  Co.  It  had  one  shingle  saw,  one  shingle  and 
one  lath  machine.     The  mill  was  burned  September  10,  1852,  and  rebuilt  the 


384  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

same  year.  In  October,  1859,  it  was  purchased  by  James  Wood  &  Co.,  and 
removed  to  the  "Falls,"  about  one-half  mile  above  the  Maine  Central  station. 
The  company  purchased  about  14  acres  of  land  on  the  river  for  a  mill-yard 
and  other  purposes.  In  1860  the  company  was  incor[)orated  as  the  Lewiston 
Steam-Mill  C(nnpany,  with  a  capital  of  -150,000,  which,  in  1867,  was  increased 
to  $100,000.  The  corporators  were  Stephen  H.  Read,  James  Wood,  John  N. 
Wood,  and  John  N.  Small.  The  company  bought  35,000  acres  of  timber 
land,  mostly  s})ruce,  on  the  Androscoggin  and  its  tributaries,  employed  60 
men,  disbursed  about  $3,500  per  month,  and  manufactured  annually  4,700,000 
long  lumber,  2,400,000  laths,  1,900,000  shingles,  and  195,000  clapboards, 
valued  at  $100,000.  The  com})any  suspended  operations  in  Se[)tember,  1887, 
and  in  October,  1888,  the  mill  and  adjoining  land  was  sold  to  R.  C.  Pingree  & 
(^o.  for  fl8,000.  July  5,  1889,  the  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire.  James  Wood, 
Esq.,  was  agent  of  the  company  from  the  commencement. 

B(irkrr\s  M'dJs. — About  1775,  Jacob  Rarker  built  a  grist-mill  on  the  stream 
which  takes  its  rise  in  Mine  Meadow,  Greene,  and  Hows  into  the  Androscoggin 
two  miles  above  the  falls.  For  some  years  after  the  destruction  of  the 
Harris  grist-mill  this  was  the  only  one  in  the  plantation.  A  few  years  later 
Mr  Rarker  built  a  saw-mill  on  the  same  stream,  where  he  did  considerable 
business  in  manufacturing  lumber.  These  mills  were  rebuilt  once  or  twice  by 
his  son,  Cyrus  liarker,  and  once  in  1834  by  his  grandson.  Nelson  P.  Barker. 
About  1870  they  passed  into  the  hands  of  Dwelley  &  Moore,  who  did  an 
extensive  business  in  the  manufacture  of  meal  and  lumber.  The  mills  have 
passed  through  several  hands  since  1865,  and  are  now  owned  by  Messrs 
Libby  &  Dingley.     For  more  than  a  year  they  have  not  been  in  o})ei'ation. 

Not  far  from  1800  a  saw-mill  was  built  on  the  rips  ()i)posite  Roxer's  Island, 
by  William  Blaisdell  and  Thomas  Je[)Son,  which  was  burned  abcnit  1812.  A 
saw-mill  was  early  built  on  Stetson  brook,  by  James  Randall,  which  was 
removed  to  Auburn.  A  shingle  mill,  erected  by  Jamison  and  (liven,  below 
the  saw-mill,  was  standing  in  1847.  About  1800  Colonel  Joel  Thompson, 
Captain  Isaac  Cotton,  and  Captain  Joseph  Dill  built  a  saw-mill  at  the  outlet 
of  No  Name  pond,  where  they  manufactured  considerable  ship  timber. 
Edward  Estes  had  a  saw-mill  on  the  brook  below  the  Stephen  Hart  place.  It 
was  built  about  1820.     The  remains  of  a  stone  dam  are  now  visible. 

Manufactures.  —  Lewiston  Falls  Manufacturing/  Compant/.  —  Some  years 
previous  to  1819  there  was  on  the  site  of  the  new  mill  recently  owned  and 
operated  by  the  Home  Manufacturing  Company,  a  small  carding  and  fulling 
mill,  owned,  it  is  probable,  by  Mr  Michael  Little.  The  discovery  of  two  or 
more  leases  given  by  Michael  Little  to  different  parties  to  operate  these  mills 
seems  conclusive.  Hitherto  Colonel  Josiah  Little,  father  of  Michael,  has  been 
regarded  as  the  owner.  Michael  Little  came  here  quite  early,  and  resided  in 
Lewiston  and  Minot  for  many  years.     He  died  in  Minot,  April  2,  1830.     Mr 


City  of  Lewiston.  385 


Little  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College  in  the  class  of  1792.  We  are  unable 
to  fix  the  date  when  this  mill  was  built,  and  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
very  successful.  It  was  in  1S19  that  the  services  of  Mr  Dean  Frye,  father  of 
Colonel  John  M.  Frye,  were  obtained.  Mr  Frye  came  from  Brunswick.  He 
had  had  large  experience  in  carding  wool  and  finishing  cloth.  Under  his 
management  the  business  readily  assumed  an  importance  which  it  had  never 
experienced.  The  mill  was  burned  in  1829,  but  in  1880  anew  mill,  38  x  GO 
feet,  and  three  stories  high,  was  completed.  The  basement  was  occupied  as  a 
clothier's  fulling  mill,  and  the  second  story  for  carding  rolls  and  finishing  doth. 
It  was  under  the  management  of  Mr  Dean  Frye  and  his  son,  John  M.  Frye, 
whose  previous  experience  and  skill  in  business  soon  gave  character  and 
influence  to  the  enterprise.  Successful  in  these  operations  to  an  extent  unusual 
for  those  days,  the  Messrs  Frye  were  induced  to  make  the  experiment  of 
manufacturing  satinet.  This  new  effort  required  more  capital,  as  well  as  a 
broader  basis  of  action,  and  to  secure  these  a  legislative  charter  for  the 
Lewiston  Falls  Manufacturing  Company  (.flOO,000  capital)  was  obtained 
February  2(3,  1834.  This  was  the  first  charter  granted  for  manufacturing 
purposes  in  Lewiston.  The  corporators  were  John  M.  Frye  and  William  11. 
Frye.  The  organization  was  completed  at  once,  the  directors  being  Edward 
Little,  Samuel  Pickard,  John  A.  Briggs,  William  R.  Frye,  and  John  M.  Frye. 
The  first  meeting  of  the  directors  was  held  June  12,  1834,  when  Edward  Little 
was  elected  president,  Samuel  Pickard,  treasurer,  and  William  II.  Frye,  clerk. 
June  30,  1834,  John  M.  Frye  was  elected  agent,  with  a  salary  of  .f300  per 
annum,  with  the  promise  that  if  the  business  was  successful  -tSO  should  be 
added.  The  com])any  immediately  bought  the  falling  mill  and  water  privilege, 
with  sufficient  land  for  the  new  enterprise,  of  the  Littles.  The  fulling  mill 
was  converted  into  a  satinet  mill,  with  two  sets  of  machinery.  These  were  the 
first  looms  "started  up  "  in  Lewiston.  The  success  which  attended  this  mill 
induced  the  company  to  enlarge  their  business,  and,  in  I83r>,  the  brick  mill 
called  the  cassimere  mill  was  built,  taking  the  name  from  the  goods  manu- 
I'actured.  Hardly  was  the  mill  com[)leted  before  the  s[)ring  freshet  of  1837 
undermined  the  mill  on  the  river  side,  causing  the  whole  wall  to  fall  into  the 
river.  This  misfortune,  followed  by  the  financial  embarrassments  of  that  year, 
were  peculiarly  disheartening.  But,  although  young,  without  experience,  and 
comparatively  unknown  in  the  market,  yet  the  quality  and  texture  of  their 
goods  secured  the  favorable  notice  of  purchasers,  commanded  good  prices,  and 
brought  early  sales.  For  more  than  forty  years  these  mills  enjoyed  unexampled 
prosperity.  They  were  very  prudently  and  wisely  managed  and  their  goods 
were  readily  sold.  Much  of  the  prosperity  was  due  to  the  judgment  and 
sound  business  ability  of  the  agent.  Colonel  John  M.  Frye,  and  Samuel  Pickard, 
Esq.,  who  for  many  years  was  the  treasurer.  Colonel  Frye  remained  agent 
until  age  and  infirmities  compelled  him  to  retire.     There  were  manufactured 


386  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

repellents,  meltons,  and  cassiuieres  to  the  amount  of  230,000  yards  per  annum. 
There  were  six  sets  of  machinery,  which  required  90  operatives,  about  one-half 
females.  The  monthly  disbursements  were  '|52,000,  and  the  annual  consump- 
tion of  wool  250,000  pounds,  about  one-half  purchased  in  Maine.  For  several 
years  after  the  retirement  of  Colonel  Frye  the  mills  were  in  operation  but  a 
part  of  the  time,  but  in  November,  1881,  they  were  sold  to  D.  Cowan  &  Co., 
and  in  January,  1882,  passed  into  the  control  of  the  Home  Manufacturing 
Company,  a  local  corporation  having  a  capital  of  -^100,000.  The  company  run 
six  sets  of  cards,  20  looms,  manufactured  2,000  yards  of  flannels  daily,  and 
employed  50  operatives.  The  daily  consumption  of  wool  was  1,000  pounds, 
and  the  monthly  pay-roll,  |il,800.  Recently  the  company  closed  operations 
and  the  plant  has  been  sold  to  tlie  Gay-Woodman  Company. 

The  First  Cotton  Mill. —  About  1830  Mr  John  A.  Briggs  put  up  a  wooden 
building  on  the  site  of  the  Cowan  woolen  mill.  The  rear  of  the  building  was 
three  stories  high,  and  the  basement  was  occupied  by  a  Mr  Johnson,  a  machinist 
who  did  a  small  business.  The  second  story  was  occupied  by  Colonel  Temple 
Tebbets,  a  cabinet  maker  who  did  wood-turning,  confining  his  business  mostly 
to  cabinet  work.  Mr  Tebbets  was  a  native  of  Lisbon  and  came  here  about 
1831-2.  The  upper  story  was  occupied  by  Ephraim  Wood  for  manufacturing 
cotton  warps  and  batting.  He  was  the  pioneer  in  this  place  in  the  manufacture 
of  cotton.  He  finally  removed  to  Winthrop.  Joseph  B.  Harding,  of  Gorham, 
became  proprietor  after  Mr  Wood.  This  was  in  1840-41.  He  continued  the 
manufacture  of  batting  and  cotton  warps,  and  about  1844  made  additions  to 
the  mill,  putting  in  three  looms  for  weaving  cotton  cloths.  Mr  Harding  made 
the  first  cotton  goods  in  Lewiston,  and  continued  their  manufacture  for  several 
years  with  considerable  success.  After  Mr  Harding  sold  out  he  removed  to 
Yarmouth.  The  "old  mill"  was  partially  destroyed  by  fire  March  17,  1850, 
and  the  remainder  was  removed  by  the  Water-Power  Company  in  April,  to 
make  room  for  the  flour  and  grist-mill.  ¥ov  several  years  it  liad  been  owned 
by  the  Water-Power  Company  and  operated  to  some  extent  by  them. 

LewiHton  Water-Poioer  Company.  —  The  predecessor  of  this  company,  the 
Great  Androscoggin  Falls,  Dam,  Locks,  and  Canal  Company,  was  incorporated 
February  23,  1836,  with  a  capital  of  8100,000,  the  charter  being  granted  to 
Edward  Little,  Josiah  Little,  of  Newbury,  Thomas  B.  Little,  Josiah  Little,  of 
Minot,  Samuel  Pickard,  and  Edward  T.  Little,  their  associates,  etc.,  "for  the 
purpose  of  erecting  and  constructing  dams,  locks,  canals,  mills,  works,  machines, 
and  buildings  on  their  own  lands,  and  also  manufacturing  cotton,  wool,  iron, 
steel,  and  paper  in  the  towns  of  Lewiston,  Minot,  and  Danville."  The  corpo- 
rators owned  the  water-power  and  a  large  amount  of  land  on  both  sides  of  the 
river  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  falls.  In  1837  the  company  procured  the 
services  of  Mr  B.  F.  Perham,  of  Boston,  a  civil  engineer,  who  made  a  survey 
and  a  plan,  showing  the  survey  and  levels  as   well  as   profiles  of   different 


City  of  Lewiston.  387 


sections  of  the  territory.  This  phm  the  company  published.  Desiring,  a 
few  years  later,  to  establish  cotton  and  woolen  manufacturing  to  an  extent 
hitherto  unknown  at  the  "Falls,"  the  corporation,  in  1845,  secured  a  change  of 
name  to  the  Lewiston  Water-Power  Company,  which  was  formally  inserted  in 
the  charter  by  a  vote  of  the  company,  November  19,  1845.  Certificates  of 
stock  under  the  new  name  were  issued  to  the  share-holders,  who  soon  sold 
them  to  parties  in  Boston.  The  Water-Power  Company,  from  184()  to  1860, 
purchased  several  valuable  lots  of  land  on  both  sides  of  the  river.  In  the 
spring  of  1850  work  was  commenced  on  the  canal.  The  first  section,  as  far  as 
the  Bates  Mills,  was  completed  in  May,  1851.  The  canal  is  02  feet  wide,  14 
feet  deep,  and  the  extensions  made  since  1851  have  made  it  about  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  in  length.  There  are  several  short,  or  cross  canals, 
connecting  the  main  canal  with  the  river.  The  locks  at  the  head  of  the 
canal  are  a  fine  piece  of  masonry,  built  of  granite  laid  in  cement,  and  contain 
18  large  gates,  and  two  fly-gates  whose  capacity  is  equal  to  six  of  the  other 
gates.  The  capital  of  the  company  was  increased,  June  18,  1849,  "-f  1,500, 000, 
to  be  divided  into  shares  of  -flOO  each."  From  the  commencement  of  opera- 
tions in  1850,  and  for  several  years  afterwards,  the  company  continued  to 
improve  and  utilize  the  great  water-power,  and  did  much  to  develop  the 
growth  and  prosperity  of  the  town.  Much  of  its  land  was  put  into  the 
market,  new  streets  were  laid  out  and  graded,  and  Lewiston  assumed  an  air 
of  activity  and  genuine  thrift. 

FranJdin  Company.  —  This  company  was  incorporated  April  3,  1854,  with  a 
capital  of  11,000,000,  but  was  not  organized  until  November  25,  1856.  It  pur- 
chased the  property  of  the  Water-Power  Company,  assumed  control  in  April 
following,  and  still  controls  a  large  portion  of  the  original  purchase.  The 
spring  freshet  of  1862  carried  away  a  section  of  the  dam  adjoining  the  eastern 
shore,  which  was  replaced  by  a  substantial  granite  dam  during  that  year.  In 
1863  and  1864  the  remaining  portions  of  the  dam  were  built,  the  whole  costing 
about  $100,000.  This  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  granite  dams  in  the  country. 
The  company  owns  the  land  near  the  falls  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and 
several  hundred  acres  in  and  around  the  thickly  settled  portions  of  Lewiston 
and  Auburn.  It  owns  the  Lincoln  Mill,  the  Cowan  Mill  building,  the 
DeWitt  House,  about  one-fourth  of  the  Bleachery,  and  many  shops  and 
buildings.  The  agents  of  the  Lewiston  Water-Power  Company  and  the 
Franklin  Company  have  been  Mr  Luke  Bemis,  Mr  George  L.  Ward  (who  came 
about  1850),  Benjamin  I.  Leeds,  who  remained  until  1860,  wlien  Amos  D. 
Lockwood,  Esq.,  assumed  the  agency,  which  he  retained  about  11  years.  Mr 
N.  W.  Farwell  became  agent  in  1871,  and  resigned  in  February,  1873.  From 
Mr  Farwell's  resignation  the  company  had  no  local  agent  (the  business  being 
done  generally  by  the  clerk)  until  the  appointment  of  the  present  agent,  Mr 
Stephen  Lee. 


388  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Lincoln  Mill.  —  The  success  which  attended  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
cloths  in  the  "  Old  Cotton  Mill,"  induced  a  number  of  the  most  enterprising 
citizens  of  Lewiston  to  apply  to  the  legislature  for  a  charter  to  enable  them  to 
enter  upon  the  business  of  making  cotton  cloths  to  an  extent  not  before 
attempted.  The  charter  to  the  Lewiston  Falls  Cotton  Mill  Company,  with  a 
capital  of  #100,000,  was  granted  March  1,  1845,  the  corporators  being  Calvin 
Gorham,  James  Lowell,  Elisha  Stetson,  Daniel  Cary,  Daniel  Briggs,  John  M. 
Frye,  Nelson  B.  Reynolds,  Howe  Weeks,  Stephen  Davis,  Edward  Little,  and 
Alonzo  Garcelon.  The  proprietors  soon  commenced  the  construction  of  the 
mill,  Captain  Daniel  Holland,  contractor.  There  was  a  large  excavation  to  be 
made  in  the  ledge  where  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  mill  was  to  rest,  that 
consumed  considerable  time.  The  foundation  was  completed  and  the  brick 
work  commenced  September  1,  1815.  Before  the  mill  was  completed  it  was 
bought  (March  5,  1846,)  by  the  Water-Power  Company.  It  was  finished 
during  the  summer,  and  the  first  loom  "started  up"  October  5,  1846.  Mr 
Zeba  Bliss  was  superintendent  of  the  mill  for  several  years.  The  building  was 
46x102  feet  in  size,  and  five  stories  high.  This  enterprise  was  very  successful. 
The  goods  made  were  plain  slieetings  of  a  standard  quality,  and  found  a  ready 
market.  In  18(57  and  1868  additions  were  made,  increasing  its  capacity  several 
fold.  The  Franklin  Company  concluded  to  make  an  addition  to  the  Hill 
machine  shop,  connect  it  with  the  Lincoln  Mill,  and  convert  it  into  a  cotton 
factory.  Besides  this  the  mill  received  an  addition  of  53  feet  on  the  eastern 
end.  These  extensions  and  additions  increased  its  capacity  from  5,472  to 
21,747  spindles.  The  Lincoln  Mill,  as  it  now  stands,  is  56x182  feet,  and  five 
stories  high.  With  its  present  machinery  it  is  capable  of  annually  producing 
3,000,000  yards  of  forty-inch  sheetings,  and  consuming  1,040,000  pounds  of 
cotton.  It  requires  124  males  and  280  females  when  in  full  operation.  The 
mill  has  not  run  since  July,  1884. 

Batefi  Mainifacturinfi  Cornpany. —  Bates,  No.  1,  was  the  first  cotton  factory 
erected  after  the  Water-Power  Company  commenced  the  development  of  the 
manufacturing  interests.  This  company  was  incorporated  in  1850.  The  cor- 
porators were  Alexander  DeWitt,  Thomas  B.  Little,  Jacob  W.  Pierce,  Thomas 
I.  Hill,  Silas  Titcomb,  and  George  L.  Ward.  Immediately  after  incorporation 
the  company  commenced  the  construction  of  this  mill,  which  was  completed  and 
put  in  operation  in  1852.  As  originally  built  it  was  60  x  280  feet,  and  four  stories 
high.  It  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  main  canal,  less  than  one-fourth  of 
a  mile  south  of  Main  street.  Soon  after  it  was  in  operation  the  company  com- 
menced a  second  mill  situated  only  a  few  rods  south  of  No.  1.  No.  2  "  was 
started  "  in  1854,  and  was  the  same  size  of  No.  1  (60  x  280),  and  four  stories  high. 
In  1863  the  company  began  its  third  (woolen)  mill,  which  commenced  manu- 
facturing in  1865.  No.  3  is  50  x  170  feet  in  size  and  three  stories  high.  When 
operated  as  a  woolen  mill  it  manufactured  Moscow  beavers,  repellents,  fancy 


City  of  Lewiston.  389 


cassirneres  and  slasher  cloths,  making  118,925  yards  per  annum.  It  had  8  sets 
of  machinery,  30  broad  looms,  and  required  125  operatives,  50  of  whom  were 
females.  More  tlian  350,000  pounds  of  wool  were  consumed  yearly.  July  10, 
1878,  the  woolen  mill  was  damaged  by  fire,  and  in  October  it  was  changed  to  a 
cotton  mill.  In  1882  there  were  large  additions  made  to  No.  1  and  two  other 
mills  by  putting  on  another  story  to  each,  extending  No.  1  to  the  cross  canal, 
and  adding  about  30  feet  to  the  southerly  end  of  No.  2.  These  mills  have  been 
run  with  more  than  ordinary  success,  under  the  direction  of  Messrs  D.  M. 
Ayer,  C.  I.  Barker,  and  H.  L.  Pratt,  who  have  successively  been  agents.  The 
number  of  spindles  is  58,392.  There  are  1,333  narrow  and  202  broad  looms. 
There  are  1,865  operatives  employed;  1,039  are  females.  There  are  annually 
consumed  5,230,132  pounds  of  cotton,  and  the  value  of  dyes  used  is  more  than 
163,000.  The  liates  manufactures  fancy  goods,  Marseilles,  crochet,  and  com- 
mon quilts,  dress  goods,  ginghams,  etc.,  etc.,  amounting  to  15,032,077  yards 
per  annum.  The  pa^^-roll  for  two  weeks  is  -^23,1 25.  Resides  the  mills  there 
is  a  large  dye-house,  cloth-hall,  two  pickers,  two  cotton  houses,  and  a  repair 
shop.     Its  capital  is  !|1,000,000. 

Hill  31<tnufacturin(/  Company/. — Among  our  manufacturing  enterprises  none, 
with  a  single  exception,  has  been  so  long  under  the  management  of  one  agent 
as  the  Hill  Corporation.  This  company  was  incorporated  August  16,  1850. 
Benjamin  E.  Bates,  Thomas  B.  Little,  Albert  H.  Kelsey,  Seth  W.  Fowle, 
and  George  L.  Ward  were  the  corporators.  The  capital  was  -^350,000,  which 
has  been  increased  to  'fl,000,000.  The  company  operates  two  mills  and 
manufactures  cotton  goods  exclusively.  The  first  mill.  No.  1,  was  completed 
in  1854  and  put  in  operation  immediately.  Its  second  mill.  No.  2,  was  not 
finished  until  1864,  when  manufacturing  commenced.  These  mills  are  69x216 
feet,  and  six  stories  high.  Connected  with  the  mills  are  two  pickers,  four  stories 
high.  There  are  53,976  spindles,  and  1,238  looms;  700  persons  are  employed, 
500  of  whom  are  females.  There  are  8,700,000  yards  of  line  sheetings, 
shirtings,  satteens,  contils,  and  twills  manufactured,  annually,  which  require 
2,400,000  pounds  of  cotton.  The  monthly  pay-roll  amounts  to  120,000.  Mr 
J.  G.  Coburn  has  been  agent  since  it  commenced  operations  until  recently. 
Mr  William  D.  Pennell  is  now  agent. 

Androscoggin  Mill.  —  This  is  one  of  the  mammoth  cotton  mills  of  the 
country.  It  was  incorporated  in  1854  as  the  Arkwright  Company,  with  a 
capital  of  't500,000,  Benjamin  E.  Bates,  A.  H.  Kelsey,  and  George  L.  Ward 
being  the  corporators.  It  does  not  appear  that  any  business  was  done  b}^  this 
corporation,  but  in  1860  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Androscoggin  Company, 
and  the  capital  increased  to  !|1 ,000,000.  Immediately  the  company  began  the 
mill,  and  commenced  manufacturing  in  1861.  The  mill  is  74  x  542  feet,  five 
stories  high,  with  two  wings  each  48  x  100  feet,  with  four  stories.  The  second 
mill  is  74  x  180  feet,  and  three  stories  high.     This  mill  commenced  operations  in 


390  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


1867.  The  third  mill  is  74  x  166  feet  and  three  stories  in  height,  and  was  started 
up  in  1872.  The  Androscoggin  Mill  has  61,912  spindles,  and  1,455  looms.  It 
employs  960  operatives;  610  are  females.  The  annual  production  is  10,400,000 
yards  of  sheetings,  seersuckers,  shirtings,  and  satteen  jeans,  and  3,000,000 
seamless  bags.  They  consume  60  tons  of  starch.  A.  D.  Lockwood  was 
agent  from  1861  until  1870,  when  J,  W.  Danielson  became  agent.  W.  F. 
Goulding  succeeded  Mr  Danielson,  and  retained  the  position  until  his  death, 
April  16,  1885,  when  David  Pheteplace  became  agent.  Mr  Pheteplace  was 
succeeded  by  George  W.  Bean,  the  present  agent. 

Continental  Mills.  —  This  company  was  incorporated  February  4,  1865, 
with  a  capital  of  $1,500,000.  The  corporators  were  A.  H.  Fiske,  Benjamin  E. 
Bates,  and  Josiah  Bardwell.  In  1866  the  company  purchased  the  Porter  Mill, 
which  commenced  manufacturing  as  early  as  1858,  and  changed  the  name  to 
Continental  Mills.  In  1872  the  company  enlarged  the  original  mill  by  an 
addition  of  230  feet  in  length  by  75  feet  in  width,  five  stories  high,  making  the 
building  554  feet  long.  There  was  also  added  a  wing,  346  feet  in  length  and 
75  feet  in  width.  The  building  is  covered  with  a  Mansard  roof.  It  has 
75,000  spindles  and  1,650  looms.  The  whole  number  of  employds  is  1,200; 
900  females.  There  are  used  annually  6,000,000  pounds  of  cotton.  The 
annual  production  is  18,500,000  yards  of  brown  sheetings  and  drills,  and 
150,000  pounds  of  batting.  The  monthly  pay-roll  is  $40,000.  There  have 
been  four  agents,  viz.:  R.  A.  Budlong,  Stephen  I.  Abbott,  E.  S.  Davis,  and 
the  present  agent,  H.  L.  Aldrich,  Jr. 

Lewiston  Mill.  —  This  company  was  incorporated  February  8,  1853,  as  the 
Lewiston  Bagging  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $50,000;  A.  H.  Kelsey,  George 
L.  Ward,  Edward  A.  Raymond,  and  Marshall  French,  corporators.  For  several 
years  the  company  leased  rooms  in  the  Cowan  Woolen  Mill,  and  subsequently 
occupied  rooms  in  the  Continental  Mill.  In  1860  it  commenced  the  erection 
of  its  first  mill,  which  was  completed  and  put  in  operation  in  1861.  This  mill 
is  72x164  feet  and  four  stories  high,  with  a  wing  50x121  feet,  also  four  stories 
in  height.  The  second  mill  was  completed  in  1866,  and  is  72  x  108  feet, 
having  a  wing  43x95  feet,  four  stories  in  height.  In  1863  the  corporation  was 
authorized  to  change  its  name  to  Lewiston  Mill  and  increase  its  capital 
$300,000.  The  mill  had  18,792  spindles,  and  manufactured  tickings,  cotton- 
ades,  osnaburgs,  fancy,  plaid,  stripe,  and  plain,  —  colored  ducks,  and  cotton  bags. 
It  also  manufactured  800,000  pounds  of  yarn  per  annum.  It  employed  800 
operatives,  520  of  whom  were  females.  The  annual  consumption  of  cotton 
was  4,200,000  pounds.  In  July,  1886,  the  company  suspended  operations  and 
the  mill  was  idle  until  May  1,  1889,  when  a  new  company  was  formed,  and  the 
plant  purchased.  The  new  company  was  incorporated  in  1889  with  a  capital 
of  $300,000.  The  stock  is  largely  owned  in  this  community.  The  company 
runs  23,140  spindles  and  593  looms,  and  employs  300  males  and  400  females. 


City  of  Lewiston.  391 


and  manufactures  tickings,  cottonades,  osnaburgs,  fancy,  plaid,  stripe,  plain, 
and  colored  ducks,  turkey-red  damasks,  domett-llannels,  horse- netting-,  and 
fly-clotlis,  and  up  to  January,  1<SU1,  cotton  bags.  The  company  consumes 
4,200,000  pounds  of  cotton  per  annum.  It  dyes  800,000  pounds  of  goods 
annually,  and  expends  for  dyes  about  ■1f!30,000.  The  monthly  pay-roll  and 
disbursements  in  Lewiston  is  'flG,O00.     C.  I.  Barker,  agent. 

Avon  Mill.  —  This  company  was  incorporated  in  1882,  commenced  the  erec- 
tion of  the  mill  June  1,  1882,  and  begun  manufacturing  in  March,  1883.  'I'lie 
mill  is  50x100  feet  in  size,  with  bleachery,  24x50  feet;  dye  house,  50x67 
feet;  75  persons  are  employed,  50  of  whom  are  females.  The  whole  number 
of  looms  is  56,  24  of  which  are  broad.  At  the  Avon  arc  manufactured  fancy, 
colored,  and  crochet  quilts  and  Turkish  towels.  The  number  of  quilts  pro- 
duced annually  is  204,000,  and  840,000  towels.  Monthly  disbursements, 
-t2,000.  January  1,  18<»1,  the  capital  was  *100,000;  A.  I).  Barker,  agent ;  F. 
H.  Packard,  treasurer. 

Lewiaton  Bleacher]/  (ind  Dije  Workn.  —  The  bleachery  commenced  operations 
in  1860,  having  been  leased  by  the  Franklin  Company  to  Mr  N.  W.  Farwell, 
who  did  an  extensive  business  until  1870.  On  the  expiration  of  Mr  Farwell's 
lease  extensive  repairs  were  made,  and,  in  January,  1872,  the  Lewiston 
Bleachery  and  Dye  Works  was  incorporated,  with  a  chartered  right  to  hold 
property  to  the  amount  of  #1,000,000.  The  corporators  were  Lyman  Nichols, 
Benjamin  E.  Bates,  and  William  B.  Wood.  The  bleachery  is  now  owned  by 
the  Franklin,  Androscoggin,  and  Bates  companies,  and  the  Pepperell  and 
Laconia  companies,  of  Biddeford.  It  is  now  able  to  turn  out  30  tons  of 
bleached  goods  a  day,  and  employs  438  operatives,  35  of  whom  are  females. 
The  monthly  pay-roll  is  'S45,000.  The  dye  works  consume  $100,000  worth  of 
drugs  and  dyes  per  annum;  and  the  value  of  finished  goods  amounts  to 
l|5,400,000.  A  box-shop  connected  with  the  bleachery  manufactures  180  cases 
daily,  and  uses  yearly  2,100,000  feet  of  spruce  lumber.  The  annual  consump- 
tion of  coal  is  6,000  tons;  lime,  1,800  barrels;  soda-ash,  360,000  pounds; 
bleaching  powders,  260,000  pounds;  sulphuric  acid,  6,000  carboys;  potato 
starch,  80  tons ;  wheat  and  corn  starch,  200  tons ;  sago  flour,  50  tons ;  flour, 
24  tons. 

Cowan  Woolen  Company.  —  Early  in  1864,  D.  M.  Ayer  &  Co.  leased  rooms 
in  the  grist-mill  building,  now  the  Cowan  Mill,  for  manufacturing  cotton  and 
woolen  goods.  In  the  autumn  the  machinery  was  completed  and  manufact- 
uring commenced.  Subsequently  Mr  Ayer  sold  to  D.  Cowan  &  Co.,  who 
continued  the  business.  For  a  number  of  years  the  company  was  known  as 
the  Aurora  Mills,  but  was  finally  changed  to  the  Cowan  Mill.  The  mill  was 
started  with  3  sets  of  machinery  and  12  broad  looms.  Mr  Cowan  continued 
his  connection  until  his  death,  and  under  his  supervision  the  goods  produced 
here  were  justly  recognized  as  among  the  best  in  the  market.     The  Cowan 


392  HisTOKY  OF  Andkoscoggin  County. 


Woolen  Company  was  organized  in  1888,  purchased  the  property,  and  have 
made  additions,  and  put  in  much  new  machinery.  They  now  have  8  sets  of 
machinery,  run  40  broad  k)oms,  have  180  employes  (60  females),  manufacture 
300,000  yards  of  fancy  cassimeres,  suitings,  and  overcoatings.  The  monthly 
pay-roll  is  -18,700.     Frederick  Olfene,  agent. 

Cii/mherland  Mill.  —  This  mill  commenced  manufacturing  in  1868,  and  was 
owned  by  J.  L.  H.  Cobb  &  Co.  Subsequently  it  came  into  the  possession  of 
Mr  P.  M.  Thurlow,  one  of  the  original  proprietors.  It  is  now  owned  by 
Messrs  W.  S.  Libby  and  H.  M.  Dingley.  It  is  50  x  72  feet,  and  three  stories 
in  height.  It  commenced  operations  with  three  sets  of  machinery  which  has 
been  increased  to  six  sets.  There  are  50  employes,  25  females.  The  monthly 
pay-roll  amounts  to  f2,000.  They  manufacture  Cumberland  repellents  (blacks, 
browns,  blues,  and  grays),  the  annual  production  being  300,000  yards.  The 
annual  consumption  of  wool  is  325,000  i)ounds. 

Union  Water-Power  Co7)q)anjj. —  This  company  was  organized  September 
18,  1878.  The  organization  was  the  result  of  the  purchase  by  the  city  of 
the  water-works  rights.  It  has  a  capital  stock  of  t|400,000,  owned  by  the 
Franklin,  Bates,  Androscoggin,  Continental,  Hill,  and  Bleacliery  corporations. 
This  company  purchased  of  the  Franklin  Company  the  canals  and  water 
privileges  in  Lewiston,  and  are  the  owners  of  all  the  lands,  dams,  and  watev 
privileges  (purchased  of  Coe  &  Co.),  controlling  the  head  waters  of  the 
Androscoggin.     It  rents  to  the  several  corporations  their  water-power. 

Leunsfon  Machine  Compeiny.  —  This  was  incorporated  February  4, 1865,  with 
a  capital  of  $200,000,  the  corporators  being  Samuel  W.  Kilvert,  Josiah  G. 
Coburn,  Nathaniel  W.  Farwell,  David  M.  Ayer,  and  Rhodes  A.  Bndlong.  Soon 
after  organization  it  purchased  the  machinery  and  tools  of  the  old  Hill 
machine  shop,  which  was  subsequently  removed  to  the  foundry  building  near 
the  Maine  Central  depot.  This  was  bnilt  about  1852,  enlarged  in  1865  and 
again  in  1866.  In  1868  the  interior  was  remodeled,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the 
best-appointed  establishments  in  the  state.  The  company  employs  200  persons, 
and  has  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  $10,000.  It  manufactures  iron  and  brass  cast- 
ings, and  cotton  machinery. 

Cray-Woodma7i  Company.  —  This  is  the  only  shoe  manufacturing  company 
in  the  city,  and  is  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  $150,000.  It  occupies  a 
wooden  building,  125x75  feet,  and  six  stories  high,  on  lower  Main  street, 
opposite  Maine  Central  station,  and  commenced  to  manufacture  here  in  July, 
1883.  It  employs  400  males  and  150  females,  and  manufactures  40,000  cases 
of  men's  boots  and  shoes  annually.  They  run  150  stitching  machines,  six 
McKay  sewing  machines,  two  standard  sewing  machines,  one  Goodyear  welt, 
one  Goodyear  stitcher,  and  two  Hautin  sewing  machines.  Weekly  pay-roll, 
13,000.  Charles  Gay  is  president,  and  T.  E.  Eustis,  treasurer.  This  firm  had 
its  commencement  in  1875,  when  Charles  Gay  &  J.  O.  Foss  employed  75  hands 


City  of  Lewiston.  393 


and  produced  200  cases  of  shoes  weekly,  at  No.  2  Roak  Block,  Auburn.  This 
firm  became  Gay,  Foss  &  Co.,  in  1878,  by  W.  H.  Foss  joining  it.  In  1879  200 
hands  were  employed.  In  1883  the  firm  became  Foss,  Packard  &  Co.,  by  the 
advent  of  H.  M.  Packard  and  R.  M.  Mason  ;  Mr  Gay  retiring  to  form,  with  J. 
C.  Woodman,  Willard  Linscott,  and  H.  A.  Packard,  the  firm  of  Gay,  Wood- 
man &  Co. 

Jordan,  Frost  ^  Co.,  manufacture  mouldings  and  all  kinds  of  finishing 
material.  They  employ  25  men.  Their  weekly  pay-roll  is  1)250.  They  handle 
about  7,000,000  feet  of  lunrber  yearly. 

R.  C.  P'mgree  ^-  Co.  —  In  connection  with  their  large  lumber  mill  before 
mentioned,  this  firm  manufactures  all  kinds  of  moulding  and  house  finish, 
doors,  sash  and  blinds ;  also  stair  rails,  posts,  and  wooden  mantels  in  their  mill 
near  lower  Maine  Central  station,  where  they  employ  38  men. 

Lewistoti  Bobbin  Shop.  —  This  company  manufactures  about  2,000,000 
bobbins  annually,  and  employs  about  25  men,  with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  $000. 
The  value  of  their  annual  production  is  >$25,000. 

IT.  H.  Dickey  .f  So-ii  (William  Dickey)  manufacture  belts,  rolls,  etc.,  on 
the  canal,  near  Main  street,  and  employ  10  men.     (See  page  236.) 

Letviston  3Ionumental  Works,  12  Bates  street,  Jolm  P.  Murphy,  manager, 
employs  over  100  men,  and  does  an  extensive  business  in  manufacturing 
monuments,  mural  tablets,  etc.  J.  J.  McKenna  employs  six  men  in  marble 
and  granite  working,  at  182  Main  street.  J.  J.  O'Connell,  in  same  business, 
employs  six  hands  at  137  Main  street. 

Carman  (^  Thompson,  48  Main  street,  employ  nearly  50  men  in  making  and 
fitting  steam-heating  apparatus,  engines,  etc. 

FuKNiTURE,  ETC.  —  Bradford,  Conant  ^-  Co.,  199-201  Lisbon  street,  manu- 
facturers and  wholesale  and  retail  dealers,  continue  the  business  established  by 
Pinkham  &  Bradford  in  1835.  This  firm  later  became  Bradford  &  Conant, 
and  in  1803  Bradford,  Conant  &  Co.  (J.  C.  Bradford,  Granville  Blake,  Mrs  L. 
W.  Conant).  The  factory  is  at  East  Auburn.  L.  L.  Blake  i^  Co.,  155  Lisbon 
street,  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  furniture,  etc.,  began  business  in  1856,  the 
firm  then  being  A.  K.  P.  &  L.  L.  Blake.  Since  1864  the  latter  has  conducted 
trade  alone.  Daniel  Allen  jf  Co.,  225  Lisbon  street,  manufacturers  and  dealers 
in  furniture,  have  been  in  trade  for  20  yeais,  first  as  Carter,  Allen  &  Maxwell, 
and  since  1878  with  present  name. 

Contractors  and  Brick  Makers.  —  The  skill  of  the  contractors  and 
builders  of  Lewiston  has  been  often  commented  upon,  and  the  elegant  houses 
s[)ringing  up  under  their  hands  in  every  part  of  the  two  cities  bear  witness  to 
this  and  to  their  business  capacity.  Among  those  in  stone  work  prominently 
stands  the  Bearce  Jj'  Clifford  Constructio^t  Co.,  242  Main  street,  who  at  times 
employ  100  men,  and  in  their  trucking  department  from  20  to  30  men  and 
60  to  70  horses.     Others  in  this  line  are:   George  W.  Lane  &  Co.,  90  Pierce 


394  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


street;  B.  M.  Dixon,  35  Sabatis  street;  S.  D.  Thomas,  Sabatis  street;  W.  A. 
Libby,  26  Pine  street.  Among  those  in  wood-work  are:  Hodgkins,  Foss  &  Co. 
(also  sash,  doors,  and  bHnds),  7  Main  street;  J.  E.  Cloutier,  217  Bhike 
street;  G.  E.  Lown  &  Sons,  268  Main  street;  Wood  &  Crockett,  266  Main 
street.  Several  are  extensively  engaged  in  brick-making.  J.  H.  Pettengill 
&  Son  have  a  yard  on  Upper  Main  street  near  Jepson  brook.  They  are 
descendants  of  two  pioneer  families  —  Pettengill  and  Harris.  Horace  Libby 
and  Levi  S.  Ware  also  have  yards  near  Jepson  brook.  The  Burnt  Woods 
District  has  furnished  many  bricks,  and  the  Franklin  Company  have  extensive 
operations  there. 

Other  Industries. — Adams  Jf  Johnson  employ  10  men  in  manufacturing 
doors,  sash,  etc. ;  D.  B.  Stevens  has  10  men  in  the  same  business.  Both  are  on 
the  cross  canal.  Gihbs  <f  Daiti,  in  Grand  Trunk  yard,  manufacture  sash ; 
employ  14  men;  use  over  250,000  feet  of  lumber  annually  and  are  increasing 
their  business.  J^.  M.  Leavitt  employs  six  men  in  making  lasts;  makes  15,000 
pairs  yearly.  J.  B.  Ham  ^  Co.  (established  1872),  and  0.  S.  Ham  have  grist- 
mills. The  first  firm,  near  Grand  Trunk  station,  grinds  200,000  bushels  of 
meal  yearly,  employing  five  hands.  O.  S.  Ham  grinds  150,000  bushels  of  meal 
yearly;  employs  four  hands.  Edward  Joyce  employs  10  hands  in  making  loom 
harnesses,  on  Lincoln  street  and  cross  canal.  P.  P.  G-etchell  manufactures  furs 
to  the  amount  of  $10,000  yearly,  employing  eight  hands.  Bates  Street  Shirt 
Company  employ  a  large  number  in  making  shirts,  doing  a  business  of  '$75,000 
yearly.  E.  C.  Ajidrews  ^  Co..,  72  Lisbon  street,  employ  from  8  to  10  men 
in  making  felt  hats,  and  do  a  fine  business.  Charles  W.  Covell  employs  7 
men  in  making  harnesses.  W.  H.  Hackett  and  Wade  <f  Dmiton  make  carriages; 
the  latter  employ  18  men  at  29  to  35  Park  street.  There  are  numerous  others, 
employing  from  2  to  10  hands. 


City  of  Lewiston.  395 


CHAPTER    XIX. 

Railroads  — County  and  State  Agricultural  Societies  —Fire  Department  — Lewiston  Gas 
Light  Company  —  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Library  Association —Lewiston  City 
Buildings— City  Park  —  Soldiers'  Monument  — Lewiston  Water  Works  —  Lewiston  & 
Auburn  Horse  Railroad  — First  National  Bank  — Manufacturers  National  Bank  — Andros- 
coggin County  Savings  Bank — People's  Savings  Bank  —  Board  of  Trade—  Central  Maine 
General  Hospital  — French  Hospital  — Y.  M.  C.  A.  — Nealey  Rifles  — Frye  Light  Guards- 
Associations. 

RAILROADS. — In  1849  railroad  facilities  came  to  Lewiston.  On  March 
24  the  Androscoggin  &  Kennebec  Railroad  was  opened  to  Lewiston. 
The  legislature,  February  15,  1860,  authorized  the  Androscoggin  Rail- 
road Company  to  extend  its  railroad  from  Leeds  to  the  Kennebec  river,  or  to 
form  a  junction  with  the  Portland  &  Kennebec  at  Topsham  or  Brunswick. 
The  company  decided  to  locate  the  road  from  Lewiston  to  Brunswick,  and  to 
extend  the  road  from  Leeds  Junction  to  Crowley's.  It  was  opened  for  travel 
in  October,  18(11.  In  July,  1871,  it  was  consolidated  with  the  Maine  Central. 
The  company  has  completed  this  season  an  elegant  station  house  at  the  Upper 
station.  Charles  C.  Benson  has  been  station  agent  for  many  years.  The 
Lower  (Main  street)  station  is  handsomely  arranged.  Henry  H.  Hanson, 
station   agent. 

The  Lewiston  ^  Auburn  Railroad.  —  The  high  tariff  and  unjust  discrimina- 
tion of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  against  Lewiston  and  Auburn  was  sufficient, 
in  the  estimation  of  the  citizens  of  these  two  cities,  as  well  as  the  management 
of  the  several  corporations,  whose  directors  resided  out  of  the  place,  to  justify 
them  in  securing  a  charter  for  the  construction  of  a  competing  line  to  connect 
with  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  The  legislature  was  petitioned  in  1872  for  a 
charter.  The  Maine  Central  vigorously  opposed  the  measure,  but  February 
10,  1872,  the  legislature  granted  a  charter  to  N.  W.  Farwell,  J.  G.  Coburn, 
George  H.  Pilsbury,  C.  I.  Barker,  E.  S.  Davis,  J.  W.  Danielson,  and  39  other 
citizens  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn,  for  a  railroad  "from  some  point  in  the  city  of 
Lewiston  to  some  point  on  the  Atlantic  &  St  Lawrence  Railroad,  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  of  Auburn."  After  the  charter  was  obtained,  satisfactory  terms 
were  made  by  the  manufacturing  corporations  with  the  Maine  Central  Railroad 
for  transportation ;  but  this  arrangement  did  not  include  any  reduction  in  pas- 
senger or  freight  tariff  for  the  citizens.  The  public  mind  was  somewhat  stirred 
by  this  movement  on  the  part  of  the  Maine  Central.  Having  secured  all  they 
desired  (the  reduction  in  freights),  the  corporations  exhibited  strong  opposition 


396  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

to  the  construction  of  the  new  railroad.  The  people  soon  showed  that  they 
were  determined  that  the  railroad  should  be  built,  and,  April  9,  1872,  by  an 
almost  unanimous  vote,  they  requested  the  mayor  to  subscribe  for  2,245  shares 
of  the  stock  at  .flOO  per  share.  This  action  was  opposed  by  a  few  in  the 
interests  of  the  corporations,  who  presented  a  petition  at  the  January  term  of 
the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  1873,  for  an  injunction  to  restrain  the  treasurer 
of  Lewiston  from  paying  the  installments  as  they  matured.  Able  counsel  was 
employed  by  both  sides,  and,  after  a  hearing  of  nearly  three  days,  the 
court.  Judge  Kent  presiding,  dismissed  the  petition  for  want  of  jurisdiction. 
An  appeal  was  taken,  and  the  case  went  to  the  law  court.  In  April  another 
petition  for  an  injunction  was  presented,  which  also  went  to  the  law  court. 
These  cases  were  kept  in  court  several  years  and  dismissed.  After  the 
railroad  was  completed  it  was  leased  to  the  Grand  Trunk  for  99  years.  The 
stock  held  by  the  two  cities  would  sell  for  more  than  its  face  value.  The  Lew- 
iston station  is  on  Lincoln  street ;  Thomas  N.  Brown,  general  agent. 

Androscoggin  County  Agricultural  Society.  —  September  13,  1851,  many  of 
the  farmers  of  this  vicinity  met  at  Lewiston  to  consider  the  formation  of  an 
agricultural  society,  embracing  towns  in  this  locality,  and  it  was  voted  to 
petition  the  legislature  for  a  charter.  The  legislature  of  1852  granted  a 
charter  to  Samuel  Moody,  Alonzo  Garcelon,  Ebenezer  Ham,  William  R. 
Wright,  John  M.  Frye,  Archibald  Wakefield,  Samuel  Pickard,  Sewall  Moody, 
James  Lowell,  John  Lombard,  Jesse  Davis,  Elisha  Stetson,  Elijah  Rarrell,  and 
Asa  Garcelon,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  society  to  be  called  the  West 
Lincoln  Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Society.,  which  was  to  embrace  the 
towns  in  the  county  of  Lincoln  west  of  the  Kennebec  river,  also  Durham, 
Danville,  Poland,  Auburn,  Minot,  Greene,  and  Wales.  The  society  organized 
in  1852,  and  elected  Elijah  Barrell,  of  Greene,  president;  William  R.  Wright, 
of  Lewiston,  recording  secretary;  Mark  Lowell,  treasurer;  Ebenezer  Ham, 
agent.  The  society  held  its  first  show  and  fair  at  Lewiston,  October  18  and  19, 
1852,  when  the  Rev.  D.  T.  Stevens,  of  Auburn,  delivered  an  able  and  inter- 
esting address.  The  society  then  numbered  284  members,  and  the  proceeds 
of  the  fair  amounted  to  about  |300.  In  1854  the  name  was  changed  to  the 
Androscoggin  County  Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Society.,  and  embraced  in 
its  territory  all  the  towns  of  this  county.  In  1856  land  was  purchased  on  the 
west  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  now  crossed  by  Holland  and  other  streets, 
where  the  society  held  annual  shows  and  fairs  for  several  years;  but  the 
grounds  were  finally  abandoned,  and  the  stock  was  exhibited  elsewhere.  For 
several  years  the  society  united  with  the  state  society,  but  recently  have  held 
their  annual  exhibits  at  Livermore  Falls. 

The  Maine  State  Agricultural  Society.  —  In  the  latter  part  of  1881,  the 
Maine  State  Agricultural  Society  bought  the  track  and  land  which  had  been 
occupied  by  the  Androscoggin  Driving  Park  Association,  and  fitted  them  up 


City  of  Lewiston.  397 


for  the  use  of  the  society.  These  grounds  are  less  than  two  miles  from  the 
city  and  adjoin  the  line  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  Wliile  the  society  did 
not  vote  to  locate  permanently  at  Lewiston,  it  did  decide  to  secure  these 
grounds,  and  has  since  enlarged  them  by  purchase.  They  now  have  grounds 
not  only  large  enough  for  a  half-mile  track,  but  sufficient  for  their  accommo- 
dations. The  society  has  built  several  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of 
those  who  exhibit  at  the  fair,  among  which  is  a  large  hall  for  the  exhibition 
of  dairy  products,  agricultural  implements,  and  machinery.  Access  to  the 
fair  grounds  from  the  city  is  secured  by  means  of  the  steam  and  horse  cars. 

Fire  Department.  —  Androscoggin,  No.  1,  Fire  Company  was  organized 
October  20,  1849,  with  Luke  Bemis,  foreman ;  Jacob  15.  Ham,  first  assistant 
foreman  ;  Benjamin  Dunn,  second  assistant  foreman  ;  and  Zeba  F.  Bliss,  clerk. 
The  engine,  the  first  owned  by  the  Village  Corporation,  was  built  for  the  town 
by  Hunneman  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  in  1849,  and  was  in  active  service  for  more 
than  25  years.  After  a  few  years  a  second  engine  was  purchased,  and  these 
two  engines  were  the  only  ones  belonging  to  the  department  until  1866,  when 
the  city  ordered  of  J.  B.  Johnson,  of  Portland,  one  of  his  steam  fire  engines, 
which  cost  -14,500,  but  it  was  constantly  out  of  repair  and  was  finally  condemned. 
In  1868  the  city  ordered  of  the  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company  a  steam 
fire  engine.  Although  rated  a  second  class  it  has  done  excellent  service  and  is 
now  a  very  valuable  machine.  In  1878  the  steamer  L.  C.  Peck,  No.  4,  was 
built  by  the  Amoskeag  Company  at  a  cost  of  |4,250.  This  engine  is  a  first- 
class  machine,  is  larger  than  the  previous  one  and  more  effective.  Connected 
with  the  department  are  three  hose  companies  and  one  hook  and  ladder  com- 
pany. The  force  of  the  department  consists  of  a  chief  engineer,  four  assistant 
engineers,  superintendent  of  fire-alarm,  engineer  of  steamers,  and  55  men. 
The  fire-alarm  telegraph  was  put  in  in  1880,  and  has  27  signal  boxes  connected 
with  it  and  about  21  miles  of  telegraph  wire.  The  legislature  of  1891  passed 
a  bill  which  places  the  fire  department  under  the  control  of  a  commission 
consisting  of  five  members.  It  was  the  design  of  the  framer  of  the  bill  to  place 
the  department  under  the  control  of  a  non-partisan  commission,  hoping  thereby 
to  make  it  more  effective  and  permanent. 

Lewiston  Gras  Light  Company.  —  This  company  was  incorporated  in  1853, 
John  M.  Frye,  Samuel  Pickard,  William  R.  Frye,  George  L.  Ward,  Alonzo 
Garcelon,  Edward  T.  Little,  Daniel  Holland,  and  Mark  Lowell  being  the 
corporators.  The  company  has  a  capital  of  -$75,000,  and  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  eras  in  1854.  These  works  are  situated  near  the  bank  of  the 
river,  in  the  rear  of  the  Androscoggin  Mill.  There  are  three  brick  buildings 
connected  with  the  works.  The  gasometer  is  60  feet  in  diameter,  and  40  feet 
in  depth,  with  a  capacity  of  120,000  feet.  In  1886  the  works  were  changed 
from  coal  to  water-gas,  the  company  operating  under  the  Granger  patents. 
They  manufacture  17,000,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  annually. 


398  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Library  Association.  —  This  association  was 
started  by  the  munificence  of  the  several  corporations  of  Lewiston,  over  30 
years  ago,  and  donations  were  made  by  them,  books  purchased,  rooms  fitted 
up,  and  a  library  opened  in  18(30.  It  was  the  intention  to  make  it  self- 
supporting.  To  secure  this,  two  grades  of  membership  were  established,  one, 
a  life  membership,  costing  |5,  and  an  annual  membership,  costing  |1.  The 
founders  purposed  to  continue  annual  subscriptions  to  purchase  new  books, 
hoping  thus  to  secure,  in  a  few  years,  a  valuable  library.  But  these  expecta- 
tions were  only  partially  realized.  The  income  only  paid  a  part  of  the 
expenses,  and  the  growth  was  slow.  The  library  was  opened  in  College  Block, 
and  was  removed  to  the  City  Hall  on  its  completion,  and  a  new  era  in  the  life 
of  the  library  association  then  began.  The  city  gave  the  rent,  the  subscrip- 
tions paid  the  expenses,  and  the  donations  of  the  corporations  were  applied  to 
the  purchase  of  books.  Care  was  exercised  in  the  selection  of  books,  so  that 
in  a  few  years  Lewiston  possessed  one  of  the  most  valuable  libraries,  of  its 
size,  in  New  England.  When  it  was  burned  with  the  City  Hall,  it  contained 
11,000  volumes,  some  of  them  rare  works  on  local  history. 

Citi/  Buildings.  —  In  1866  the  city  purchased  a  lot  on  the  corner  of  Park 
and  Pine  streets,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  at  some  time  a  city  building. 
Rooms  had  been  obtained  for  the  accommodation  of  the  city  government  first 
in  the  Journal  Block,  and  subsequently  in  Central  Block,  where  they  remained 
until  June  12,  1870,  when  Central  Block  was  partially  destroyed  b}^  fire,  and 
the  rooms  occupied  by  the  city  government  and  Central  Hall,  the  largest  in 
the  city,  was  destroyed.  The  city  found  other  rooms  in  the  Savings  Bank 
Block,  just  completed.  In  the  reconstruction  of  Central  Block  the  proprietors 
decided  not  to  rebuild  the  hall,  and  Lewiston  had  no  place  for  public  meetings. 
This  want  of  a  suitable  hall,  the  inconvenience  of  the  rooms  occupied  by  the 
city  government,  and  other  considerations,  caused  the  erection  of  a  city 
building  to  be  earnestly  advocated.  Land  was  purchased  on  Pine  and  Lisbon 
streets,  extending  the  lot  to  Lisbon  street.  Discussions  were  long  and  earnest 
in  the  city  government,  in  which  the  people  participated.  Finally  it  was 
determined  to  submit  the  subject  to  the  citizens  for  settlement.  A  meeting 
was  called  February  18,  1871,  at  which  the  people,  by  a  vote  (768  to  85), 
decided  in  favor  of  a  city  building,  and  William  H.  Stevens,  John  M.  Frye, 
Archibald  Wakefield,  Cyrus  I.  Barker,  David  Cowan,  William  S.  Rogers, 
Horace  ]■>.  Bartlett,  and  Isaac  C.  Downes  were  appointed  to  superintend  the 
construction.  The  plans  and  specifications  presented  by  Mr  Meacham,  of 
Boston,  were  accepted.  The  mason  work  was  awarded  to  Mr  J.  P.  Norton, 
of  this  city,  and  the  carpenter  work  was  done  by  the  day  under  the  direction 
of  ex-Mayor  William  H.  Stevens.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  by  the  mayor, 
Alonzo  Garcelon,  July  4,  1871,  who  delivered  a  very  interesting  historical 
sketch  of   Lewiston.      The  building  was  completed    in  December,  1872,  and 


City  of  Lewiston.  399 


dedicated  with  imposing  ceremonies,  December  5,  Dr  Alonzo  Garcelon  reading 
a  very  interesting  sketch  of  the  town  and  city. 

It  was  built  of  brick  with  granite  trimmings  and  decorations,  and  was 
generally  of  Gothic  architecture,  with  an  immense  mansard  roof,  32  feet  high, 
which  was  broken  into  almost  every  variety  of  shape  by  gables  and  Gothic 
devices.  The  windows  of  the  mansard  were  luthern,  faced  with  turned 
columns  with  beautiful  capitals  that  blended  harmoniously  with  the  surround- 
ing decorations.  The  building  extended  165  feet  on  Park  street,  with  a 
frontage  of  180  feet  on  Pine  street,  covering  the  whole  distance  between  Park 
and  Lisbon  streets,  and  40  feet  on  Lisbon  street.  From  the  sidewalk  the  walls 
rose  106  feet  to  the  cornice.  The  mansard  roof  crowned  the  whole,  vvith  the 
exception  of  about  50  feet  which  fronted  on  Lisbon  street.  The  corner  of 
Pine  and  Park  streets  possessed  one  of  the  chief  architectural  ornaments  of 
the  building.  A  tower  projecting  eight  feet  from  the  main  wall  on  the  Pine 
street  side  contained  one  of  the  main  entrances  and  the  great  staircase  which 
extended  from  the  ground  floor  to  the  roof.  This  tower  was  surmounted  by  a 
turret  belfry.  The  spire  rose  206  feet  from  the  sidewalk,  ending  in  a  finial, 
bearing  an  immense  vane.  The  interior,  in  point  of  design  and  beauty,  was 
on  a  scale  commensurate  with  the  exterior.  It  contained  80  rooms.  The 
basement  contained  the  police  quarters,  city  prison,  boiler-rooms,  etc.,  and  the 
first  story  the  municipal  court  room,  aldermen's  and  councilmen's  rooms, 
library  rooms,  and  rooms  for  the  city  officers;  in  the  second  story,  whose  plane 
was  31  feet  above  the  sidewalk,  was  the  city  hall,  anterooms,  cloak  rooms,  etc. 
The  hall  was  of  beauty  and  magnificence,  then  unequaled  by  any  in  New 
England.  It  was  80x165  feet,  surrounded  by  over  400  feet  of  corridors,  with 
galleries  on  all  sides.  The  ceiling  was  37  feet  in  the  clear,  and  was  beautifully 
frescoed.  The  hall  would  seat  2,272  people.  The  size  of  the  building,  which 
cost  over  $200,000,  is  shown  by  these  statistics:  There  were  two  acres  of 
flooring  and  80  rooms  in  it.  20,000  yards  of  plastering,  1,400,000  feet  of  lumber, 
3,000,000  bricks,  60  tons  of  slate,  and  150,000  pounds  of  iron,  were  used  in  its 
construction,  and  it  was  lighted  by  741  gas  jets.  This  magnificent  structure, 
for  nearly  20  years  the  pride  of  our  people,  was  destroyed  by  fire  on  the 
evening  of  January  7,  1890,  and  nothing  of  value  was  left.  Competent  judges 
pronounced  the  standing  walls  dangerous,  and  they  were  removed.  In  1890 
work  was  commenced  on  the  new  city  building.  This  is  160x90  feet  in  size, 
fronts  Pine  and  Park  streets,  and  is  a  graceful  and  elegant  building ;  its 
estimated  cost  is  -1130,000. 

Park.  —  Early  in  1801  the  municipal  authorities  were  informed  that  the 
Franklin  Company  purposed  to  donate  the  square  in  front  of  the  DeWitt  House 
to  Lewiston,  on  certain  conditions,  for  a  park.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  1861 
A.  D.  Lockwood,  Esq.,  made  this  proposition  for  the  Franklin  Company: 
"The  Franklin  Company  proposes  to  donate  to  the  town  the  grounds  laid  out 


400  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


or  reserved  for  a  park,  containing  about  eight  acres,  on  condition  it  shall  always 
be  kept  open  for  a  park  and  that  the  town  shall  expend  in  grading,  fencing, 
and  planting  trees,  etc.,  the  sura  of  $5,000  upon  it  by  July  1,  18(J3."  The  gift 
was  accepted,  and  A.  D.  Lockwood,  J.  G.  Coburn,  D.  M.  Ayer,  Marshall 
French,  B.  I.  Leeds,  J.  M.  Frye,  and  Daniel  Holland  were  appointed  to  execute 
the  wishes  of  the  company.  The  grounds  were  immediately  graded  and  fenced, 
walks  laid  out  and  ornamented  with  shade  trees.  It  is  now  one  of  the  most 
delightful  places  in  the  city,  an  ornament  to  the  place,  and  a  favorite  resort  of 
the  people. 

Soldiers'  Monument.  —  Lewiston  sent  1,153  soldiers  to  the  Civil  War  (of 
whom  16  were  drafted),  paid  il00,275  for  bounties,  and  furnished  aid  to 
soldiers'  fandlies  amounting  to  'f!31,970.26.  The  monument  is  located  near  the 
northeasterly  corner  of  the  park,  and  occupies  a  commanding  position.  It  was 
designed  and  executed  by  the  eminent  sculptor,  Franklin  Simmons,  a  native  of 
Webster.  The  monument  has  a  square  granite  base,  10  feet  in  height,  to  which 
are  secured  four  bronze  tablets,  with  arch  tops,  and  on  which  are  the  names 
of  112  officers  and  soldiers  who  were  killed  or  mortally  wounded  in  battle, 
died  from  disease  contracted  in  camp,  or  wasted  their  lives  in  southern  prisons 
by  the  slow  process  of  starvation  and  neglect.  The  granite  base  is  surmounted 
with  a  statue  of  a  common  soldier,  cast  in  bronze  and  fully  equipped,  which  is 
seven  feet  high  and  weighs  1,000  pounds.  The  statue  was  unveiled  by  the 
artist,  assisted  by  Mayor  Filsbury,  February  28,  1868,  with  ap])ropriate 
military  and  civic  ceremonies.  Prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Hohnan, 
and  Hon.  Wm  P.  Frye  delivered  an  appropriate  address. 

Lewiston  Water  Works.  —  Previous  to  1873  attention  had  been  frequently 
called  to  the  necessity  of  the  introduction  of  water  into  the  city.  In  many 
localities  great  inconvenience  was  experienced  in  obtaining  a  suflficient  supply, 
and  the  water  obtained  from  many  wells  was  so  impure  as  to  make  it  unsafe 
for  use.  The  discussion  of  this  subject  frequently 'became  animated,  and  the 
most  conservative  were  convinced  that  the  denumd  for  a  new  source  of  su|)ply 
was  imperative.  February  27,  1873,  the  governor  approved  "An  act  to  supply 
the  cities  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  with  pure  water."  A  committee  was 
appointed  in  December,  1874,  to  consider  the  practicality,  the  best  plan,  and 
cost  of  procuring  water,  and  to  see  if  Auburn  would  join,  and  if  it  did  not, 
it  was  authorized  to  secure  ,an  amendment  to  the  act  for  Lewiston  to  proceed 
alone.  They  did  this,  and  in  March,  1875,  reported  in  favor  of  the  Holly 
system.  In  April,  1875,  the  city  council  elected  a  board  of  water  commis- 
sioners of  six  members,  which  appointed  a  committee  to  investigate  the  merits 
of  different  systems  in  New  England  and  New  York  cities.  This  committee 
reported  unanimously  in  favor  of  the  reservoir  system,  which  was  adopted. 
The  plan  of  taking  water  from  the  saw-mill  site  was  favored  by  the  water  com- 
missioners, and,  after  much  discussion,  the  city  council  submitted  to  the  votes 


City  of  Lewiston.  401 


of  the  city  (April  22,  1876,)  a  series  of  questions  which  included  the  purchase 
of  the  saw-mill  site  and  the  issue  of  city  bonds  for  construction  of  water  works. 
The  vote  was  91*5  yeas  and  131)  nays.  This  action  was  sufliciently  decisive  to 
warrant  the  city  council  U)  proceed  with  the  W(.)rk ;  but  it  was  not  until 
November  5,  1877,  that  the  Franklin  Company  conveyed  to  the  city  the  saw- 
mill site,  with  the  special  rigiits  necessary  to  the  proper  construction  of  the 
works.  The  city  paid  '^200, 000  in  water  works  bonds,  running  40  years.  The 
discussion  was  animated  and  prolonged  on  the  method  of  supply,  but  January 
15,  1878,  the  city  council  voted  that  the  reservoir  system  was  best  adapted 
to  meet  the  requirements  and  interests  of  the  city.  In  the  spring  of  1878 
work  was  commenced  and  pushed  with  commendable  energy.  The  reservoir 
was  located  on  Mitchell  Hill,  about  a  mile  and  three-fourths  from  the  pumping 
station.  It  has  a  capacity  of  over  10,000,000  gallons,  cost  i31),000,  and  was 
completed  in  Octt)ber,  1878.  The  water  works  were  fully  completed  in 
December,  and  on  Christmas  eve  the  mayor,  Hon.  Jesse  S.  Lyford,  raised  the 
gates,  and  within  one  hour  the  water  was  entering  the  reservoir,  and  the  mo^t 
im[)ortant  [)ablic  work  of  Lewiston  was  completed.  The  entire  cost  of  the 
water  works  was  ■t255,501>.ll.  There  aie  now  2<S  miles  of  [)ipe  (mains)  and 
100  hydrants  for  fire  service.  I.  C.  Dowries  is  superintendent  of  the  water 
works. 

Lewiston  (f-  Auhirn  Ilorsc  RaUroad.  —  July  22,  1881,  the  city  of  Lewiston 
granted  to  George  F.  Mellen  and  Edward  D.  Chaffee,  of  Fall  River,  Mass., 
William  P.  Craig  and  Henry  Masters,  of  New  York,  the  right  to  construct  a 
horse  railroad,  in  the  usual  form.  This  grant  was  made  without  compensation, 
but  the  managers  of  the  railrcjad  agreed  to  lay  regular  street  rails;  to  furnish 
plans  of  the  manner  of  laying  the  rails  to  the  city  council  and  accept  their 
direction  as  to  their  location  in  the  several  streets ;  to  complete  and  operate 
the  road  in  one  year;  and  to  operate  the  railroad  to  the  reasonable  convenience 
of  the  people.  If  these  conditions  were  not  fulfilled,  the  company  was  to 
forfeit  its  license.  No  other  conditions  were  imposed.  Articles  of  association 
of  the  Lewiston  &  Auburn  Horse  Railroad  were  signed  Jul}^  28,  by  George  F. 
Mellen  and  his  associates,  to  organize  a  railroad  corporation  under  the  statutes 
of  the  state,  with  a  capital  of  -f  100,000.  August  15,  1881,  the  articles  were 
ap[)roved  by  the  railroad  commissioners,  and  the  company  was  declared  a 
corporation.  Work  was  at  once  begun,  and  Main  and  Lisbon  streets  were 
soon  ready  for  the  cars.  The  track  was  also  extended  to  the  fair  grounds ;  but 
it  soon  became  evident  that  the  company  would  not  occupy  all  the  streets 
mentioned  in  the  license,  and  in  May,  1882,  the  company  petitioned  the  city 
government  to  be  released  from  further  extension  of  their  road.  This  petition 
was  referred  to  a  joint  committee,  who  reported  in  favor  of  granting  the 
petition  on  certain  conditions.     These  terms,  which  the  company  regarded  as 


402  HiSTOKY  OF  Androscoggin  County. 


unfavorable  to  its  interests,  were  not  accepted.     After  considerable  discussion, 
the  city  council  passed  this  order  : 

Ordered,  That  tbe  Lewistoii  &  Auburn  Horse  Railroad  Company  be  and  tliey  are  hereby 
released  from  further  extending  their  tracks  beyond  the  terminal  points  to  which  they  are 
already  built,  except  Pine  street,  upon  the  condition  that  at  such  time  as  the  public  con- 
venience may  demand  its  farther  extension,  it  shall  be  done  upon  such  terms  and  conditions 
as  the  city  council  and  the  said  railroad  company  may  agree  upon. 

The  action  was  satisfactory  to  the  company,  and  is  the  condition  on  which 
its  subsequent  plans  have  been  perfected.  It  was  thought  by  many  that 
the  action  of  the  city  council  in  granting  the  license  was  not  legal,  and 
the  city  government  was  notified  by  the  company  that  it  should  apply  to 
the  legislature  to  confirm  not  only  the  acts  of  the  company,  but  to  ratify  the 
proceedings  of  the  city.  Accordingly  acts  were  passed  by  the  legislature  of 
1883  to  make  valid  the  doings  of  the  cities  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  in 
granting  the  license,  and  to  confirm  and  make  valid  the  organization  of  the 
company.  In  the  spring  of  1882  the  track  up  Pine  street  was  laid,  and  in 
the  fall  the  one  to  Perry ville.  Auburn.  In  July,  1883,  the  road  was  opened  to 
Lake  Grove.  In  December,  1889,  the  New  Auburn  belt  line  was  completed. 
In  June,  1891,  the  College  and  Pine  streets  circuit  and  the  Denison  street 
circuit  were  opened  to  the  public.  The  company  employs  30  men,  has  14 
miles  of  road  in  operation,  and  the  service  requires  20  cars  and  90  horses. 
Colonel  F.  W.  Dana  has  been  president  since  1885. 

Banks.  —  The  First  National  i?(fw^  is  the  successor  of  the  Lewiston  Falls 
Bank,  which  was  incorporated  in  February,  1852,  the  corporators  being  Daniel 
Holland,  James  Lowell,  Samuel  Haley,  George  L.  Ward,  and  Albert  H.  Kelsey. 
The  capital  was  fixed  at  $50,000,  the  shares  being  $100  each.  The  first 
meeting  of  the  corporators  was  held  June  29,  1852,  and  the  organization  was 
completed  by  the  choice  of  these  directors  :  James  Lowell,  Daniel  Holland, 
Paul  C.  Tebbetts,  Jacob  H.  Roak,  Howe  Weeks,  Albert  H.  Kelsey,  and  George 
L.  Ward ;  and,  at  a  meeting  of  the  directors,  James  Lowell  was  chosen  presi- 
dent, and  Silas  Titcomb,  cashier.  The  bank  continued  to  do  business  under 
the  charter  until  February,  18G4,  when  it  was  changed  to  a  national  bank. 
The  stockholders,  February  15,  1864,  completed  the  organization  by  the 
election  of  these  directors:  Amos  D.  Lockwood,  Samuel  W.  Kilvert,  Josiah  G. 
Coburn,  Samuel  R.  Bearce,  Timothy  Walker,  David  M.  Ayer,  Archibald 
Wakefield,  Nathan  W.  Farwell,  Oren  B.  Cheney;  the  directors  chose  A.  D. 
Lockwood,  president,  and  Albert  H.  Small,  cashier.  The  capital  was  limited 
to  $50,000.  It  has  since  been  increased  to  $400,000.  The  present  officers  are ; 
President,  John  Y.  Scruton  ;  vice-president,  F.  II.  Packard  ;  cashier,  A.  L. 
Templeton ;  teller,  George  W.  Goss;  directors,  John  Y.  Scruton,  John  N. 
Wood,  David  Farrar,  R.  C.  Pingree,  S.  D.  Wakefield,  Charles  H.  Osgood,  F. 
H.  Packard,  Wallace  H.  White,  and  Charles  Walker. 


City  of  Lewiston.  403 


Manufacturers  National  Bank.  —  This  bank  was  organized  under  the  act  of 
Congress,  January  26,  1875,  with  a  capital  of  1200,000.  The  officers  were : 
J.  M.  Robbins,  president;  George  H.  Pilsbury,  vice-president;  William  Libby, 
cashier.  The  directors  were  J.  M.  Robbins,  George  H.  Pilsbury,  C.  I.  Barker, 
James  Wood,  E.  S.  Davis,  James  Dempsey,  Jesse  Davis.  The  present  officers 
are:  J.  M.  Robbins,  president ;  C.  I.  Barker,  vice-president;  Addison  Small, 
cashier;  directors,  J.  M.  Robbins,  C.  I.  Barker,  James  Munroe,  Oliver  Newman, 
L.  L.  Blake,  T.  E.  Eustis,  William  H.  Newell. 

The  Androscoggin  County  Savings  Bank  was  incorporated  in  March,  1870. 
The  corporators  were  Samuel  R.  Bearce,  C.  I.  Barker,  F.  O.  Sands,  E.  F. 
Packard,  R.  C.  Pingree,  J.  A.  Pierce,  Thomas  Fillebrown,  John  G.  Cook,  S.  H. 
Murray,  George  H.  Pilsbury,  R.  C.  Pennell,  and  E.  H.  Cummings.  The 
organization  was  effected  April  2,  1870,  and  the  following  persons  were  elected 
trustees:  Samuel  R.  Bearce,  E.  F.  Packard,  George  H.  Pilsbury,  C.  I.  Barker, 
and  Ai  Brooks,  Jr.  E.  F.  Packard  was  chosen  president  and  A.  L.  Templeton, 
treasurer.  The  amount  of  deposits  are  $1,150,000.  The  present  officers  are : 
Cyrus  Greely,  president;  J.  Frank  Boothby,  treasurer;  trustees,  Cyrus  Greely, 
John  Y.  Scruton,  Charles  Greenwood,  H.  L.  Pratt,  E.  S.  Paul,  Charles  Walker, 
Joseph  H.  Stetson,  Seth  M.  Carter,  and  Frank  W.  Parker. 

The  People's  Savings  Bank.  —  February  12,  1875,  the  governor  approved 
a  bill  to  incorporate  the  People's  Savings  Bank  of  the  city.  Corporators:  C. 
I.  Barker,  William  H.  Stevens,  J.  M.  Robbins,  N.  W.  button,  George  H. 
Pilsbury,  John  G.  Cook,  Luther  P.  Martin,  George  A.  Chandler,  Mark 
Lowell,  James  Wood,  Edmund  Russell,  J.  L.  H.  Cobb,  and  A.  M.  Jones. 
The  organization  was  immediately  completed  and  the  bank  commenced 
business  in  the  rooms  of  the  Manufacturers  National  Bank.  The  resources 
November,  1890,  were  $1,033,418.60.  The  present  officers  are:  C.  L  Barker, 
president;  C.  F.  Wellman,  treasurer;  C.  I.  Barker,  H.  W.  Maxwell,  A.  D. 
Barker,  A.  B.  Nealey,  S.  A.  Cummings,  John  Garner,  W.  M.  Chamberlin,  A. 
R.  Savage,  and  D.  B.  Sawyer,  trustees. 

The  private  banking  house  of  Samuel  E.  May  &  Co.,  17  Lisbon  street,  was 
established  in  1863.  Since  January,  1887,  it  has  been  conducted  by  F.  B. 
Wheelock. 

Board  of  Trade.  —  The  Lewiston  Board  of  Trade  was  organized  March  29, 
1887.  The  officers  were:  C.  I.  Barker,  president;  B.  Peck,  secretary;  and  L. 
Linn  Small,  treasurer.  As  originally  constituted  its  membership  embraced 
business  men  in  both  cities.  It  is  composed  of  business  men  of  all  classes, 
and  has  for  its  special  object  the  promotion  of  the  business  interests  of 
Lewiston.  All  questions  affecting  the  interests  of  the  city  are  discussed  at 
its  rooms,  the  general  welfare  of  the  place  is  carefully  protected,  and  important 
business  enterprises  owe  their  origin  to  this  very  useful  organization.  Its 
present  officers  are:  C.  I.  Barker,  president;  Noel  B.  Potter,  secretary;  and 
T.  F.  Callahan,  treasurer. 


404  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Asylum  and  Hospital  of  Notre  Dame  de  Lourdes.  —  Three  sisters  of  charity 
of  the  congregation  of  Notre  Dame  de  Lourdes  came  to  Lewiston,  in 
November,  1878,  and  founded  a  school,  the  asylum  of  Notre  Dame  de  Lourdes, 
at  29  Walnut  street,  corner  of  Pierce.  This  sisterhood  purchased  the  former 
residence  and  lands  of  Isaac  Golder,  and  removed  the  asylum  to  its  present 
location  in  November,  1888.  It  is  now  an  orphan  asylum,  and  connected  with 
it  a  hospital  was  established.  Sister  Bernard  is  the  superior.  This  hospital 
is  located  about  one  mile  from  the  head  of  Lisbon  street,  on  Sabatis  street, 
and  is  owned  and  managed  by  the  Sisters.  It  is  a  fine  wooden  building,  having 
two  wards,  one  for  males  and  one  for  females,  each  containing  eight  beds. 
There  are  also  10  private  rooms.  There  is  also  a  ward  for  those  who  are  not 
sick,  but  who  wish  to  occupy  a  bed,  for  which  a  fee  is  charged.  The  building 
contains  a  drug  store  and  an  operating  room.  The  asylum  has  now  about  30 
inmates.  There  are  extensive  grounds  connected  with  the  hospital,  and  all 
the  surroundings  are  neat  and  attractive.     It  was  opened  in  1888. 

Central  Maine  General  Hospital.  —  This  institution,  which  was  opened  to 
the  public  July  4,  1891,  is  finely  located  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Hammond 
streets.  This  is  largely  the  work  of  public  subscription,  and  all  classes  con- 
tributed freely  to  bring  it  to  being.  The  state  offered  to  give  $5,000  for 
every  -$10,000  raised  by  the  people  for  a  si)ecified  length  of  time,  and  in  a 
very  short  time  $12,000  were  subsciibed  in  the  two  cities.  During  the  early 
part  of  tlie  year  the  })roperty  was  purcliased  at  a  cost  of  $21,000,  and  one  of 
the  buildings  has  been  converted  into  a  liospital.  'I'here  are  two  wards,  one  for 
males,  containing  seven  beds,  and  one  for  females,  containing  six  beds.  There- 
is  also  a  ward  for  children,  containing  four  beds.  Besides  these  there  is  a 
dormitory  for  nurses,  superintendent  of  nurses,  janitor,  and  a  ward  for  con- 
tagious diseases,  a  large  operating  room,  as  well  as  other  rooms  for  the  general 
])urposes  of  a  hospital.  It  is  under  the  care  of  the  physicians  of  Lewiston  and 
Auburn,  and  is  open  to  all  persons  who  desire  to  avail  themselves  of  its 
advantages.  The  hospital  staff  is:  Alonzo  Garcelon,  M.D.,  consulting  surgeon ; 
George  P.  Emmons,  M.D.,  superintendent  and  resident  physician  ;  ().  A.  Horr, 
M.I).,  A.  M.  Peables,  M.D.,  M.  C.  Wedgwood,  M.D.,  J.  W.  Beede,  M.D., 
attending  physicians;  E.  II.  Hill,  M.D.,  W.  K.  Oakes,  M.D.,  J.  A.  Donovan, 
M.D.,  B.  F.  Sturgis,  M.I).,  attending  surgeons;  D.  N.  Skinner,  M.D.,  C.  E. 
Norton,  M.D.,  ophthalmic  surgeons;  S.  G.  Bonney,  M.D.,  pathologist;  W.  B. 
Small,  M.D.,  E.  W.  llussell,  M.D.,  adjunct  [)hysicians ;  F.  L.  Dixon,  M.D., 
C.  E.  Williams,  M.D,,  adjunct  surgeons.  The  oHicers  are :  J.  L.  11.  Cobb, 
president;  J.  R.  Learned,  treasurer;  I).  J.  Callahan,  secretary;  Ara  Cushman, 
Prof.  L.  G.  Jordan,  John  F.  Cobb,  K.  C.  Reynolds,  George  W.  Wagg,  D.  J. 
Callahan,  B.  F.  Wood,  John  Garner,  Charles  W.  Hill,  directors. 

The  Lewiston  Y.  M.  C.  A.  was  organized  in  1867,  and  has  continued  active 
work  since  that  time.     Soon  after  its  organization  the  association  employed  a 


City  of  Lewiston.  405 


city  missionary,  Rev.  M.  H.  Tarbox,  who  did  very  efficient  work  for  several 
years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Samuel  Boothby,  of  this  city,  who  labored 
for  a  year  or  more.  Rev.  N.  C.  Clifford  was  also  employed  by  the  association  as 
a  city  missionary.  The  employment  of  a  general  secretary  since  1884  resulted 
in  very  excellent  and  systematic  work.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  numbers  among  its 
nearly  200  members  some  of  the  best  men  of  the  city.  A  Woman's  Auxiliary, 
with  a  large  membership,  and  a  Boys'  Union  are  rendering  much  assistance, 
and  are  productive  of  great  good.  Thomas  M.  Singer,  the  general  secretary, 
is  a  graduate  of  Bates  College. 

Nealey  Rifles,  Co.  B,  M.  V.  M.  —  About  six  years  ago,  the  militia  company 
formerly  known  as  Lewiston  Light  Lifantry,  and  later  as  Lewiston  Zouaves,  was 
disbanded.  Col  A.  B.  Nealey,  then  a  member  of  Governor  Robie's  staff,  made 
strenuous  efforts  for  a  reorganization  and  was  successful,  and  in  compliment  to 
his  earnest  hxbors  the  company  named  it  Nealey  Rifles.  It  is  considered  one  of 
the  finest  companies  of  the  state.  Captain  Walter  A.  Goss  has  been  in 
command  from  organization.  James  A.  Scott  is  first  lieutenant,  and  Abram 
W.  Garcelon,  second  lieutenant. 

Frye  Light  Guards,  Co.  B,  M.  V.  M.  —  This  company  was  mustered  into 
the  state  service  February  28,  1888,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  Senator  Frye. 
The  officers  were:  F.  T^.  Hoyt,  captain;  C.  F.  Nealey,  first  lieutenant;  E.  M. 
Smith,  second  lieutenant.  At  the  regimental  competitive  drill,  July  4,  1889, 
at  Bangor,  the  comj)any  won  the  prize.  The  only  change  in  officers  is  that  C. 
E.  Hanscom  is  now  second  lieutenant.     The  company  number  50  men. 

Clmt  Campbell  is  tlie  only  society  of  its  order  in  Maine,  and  was  named 
from  John  Campbell,  overseer  of  the  Bates  dye-house,  its  first  "chief."  It  was 
founded  here  in  1888,  is  a  fraternal  and  insurance  society,  admits  only  Scotch- 
men, or  sons  and  grandsons  of  Scotchmen,  and  has  41  members. 

Associations. — F.  &  A.  M.— Ashlar,  Monday,  on  or  before  full  moon;  Rabboni,  first 
Wednesday  after  full  moon;  King  Hiram  R.  A.  Chapter,  second  Friday;  Dunlap  Council, 
R.  &  S.  M.,  second  Tuesday;  Lewiston  Commandery,  K.  T.,  first  Thursday;  Lewiston 
Lodge  of  Perfection,  first  Friday;  Androscoggin  Masonic  Relief  Association,  M.  E.  D. 
Bailey,  secretary.  I.  0.  0.  i'^.  —Manufacturers  and  Mechanics,  No.  02,  Wednesday  ;  Golden 
Rule,  No.  73,  Thursday;  Fidelity,  No.  4,  D.  of  R.,  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays;  Worombus 
Encampment,  first  and  third  Tuesdays;  Grand  Canton  Worombus,  P.  M.,  No.  1,  fourth 
Friday.  K.  o/' /f.  — Maine,  No.  278,  second  Monday;  Paul  Hildreth,  No.  109.5,  first  and 
third  Mondays.  A',  of  7'. —Industry,  No.  2,  Tuesday;  Mt  David,  No.  23,  Thursday; 
Uniform  Rank,  Damon  Division,  No.  1,  first  Monday;  Pythian  Sisterhood,  Good  Will,  No. 
3,  second  and  fourth  Mondays.  A.  O.  of  Shepherds  —  Exce\s\ov,  No.  1,  second  aud  fourth 
Tuesdays;  Good  Samaritan,  No.  2,  first  and  third  Tuesdays.  Caledonian  Club  —  first  and 
third  Thursdays.  /.  0.  G.  T.  — United,  No.  13,  Wednesday;  Mystic,  No.  312,  Monday; 
Dirigo,  Tuesday.  B.  T.  o/T.  — Banner,  No.  3,  Monday.  A.  0.  U.  Tr.  —  Lewburn,  No. 
.50,  second  and  fourth  Mondays.  G.  A.  i2.— Custer,  No.  7,  Monday;  Custer  Relief  Corps, 
alternate  Friday;  Knox  Relief  Corps,  No.  37,  Wednesday.  S.  of  V.  —  Custer  Camp, 
Thursday.     I.  0.  B.  ilf.  —  Pokumkeswawauraokesis,  No.  9,  first  and  third  Fridays.     Boyal 


406  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Conclave  of  Knights  and  Ladies  — ^o.  29,  second  and  fourth  Thursdays.  Y.  M.  C.  A.— 
Thomas  M.  Singer,  general  secretary.  Boyal  Arcanmn—^rst  and  third  Mondays.  U.  0. 
G.  C  — Androscoggin,  No.  79,  first  and  third  Fridays:  Eureka,  No.  195,  second  and  fourth 
Fridays.  W.  C.  T.  U.  —  Monday.  Ladies^  Christian  t/"wiow  —  Monday.  Catholic  Union  — 
Sunday.  U.  0.  F.  F.  — Oriental,  No.  32,  second  and  fourth  Mondays;  Pine  Tree,  No.  33, 
first  and  third  Fridays.  Lew iston  Benevolent  Society — second  Thursday.  P.  of  H. — 
Lewiston,  No.  2,  Thursday;  Androscoggin,  No.  8,  first  and  third  Thursday.  A.  0.  of  H. — 
No.  1,  Thursday;  No.  2,  Tuesday.  iV.  ^.  0.  o/ P.  — Crescent,  No.  70.  Bands —hewiston 
Brigade,  F.  G.  Payne,  Director;  Union,  Albert  B.  Beliveau,  Manager;  Wilson's  Orchestra, 
George  T.  Wilson,  leader;  Given's  Orchestra,  F.  A.  Given,  agent;  Payne's  Orchestra,  F. 
G.  Payne,  manager.  French  Societies  — Chih  Cremazie,  Union,  St  Joseph,  Institut 
Jacques  Cartier,  Club  National,  Club  St  Dominique.  Lewiston  and  Auburn  Grocers' 
Association  — Qrst  Wednesday.  South  Lewiston:  J.  0.  G.  T.  —  Advance,  Saturday. 
Androscoggin  Gun  Club.  —  E.  F.  Field,  president;   George  W.  Gifford,  secretary. 


CHAPTER  XX. 

Physicians  —  Merchants—  Business  Interests — Personal  Sketches — Resume. 

PHYSICIANS. — I)r  Joel  Wru/ht  was  undoubtedly  the  first  person  who 
practiced  medicine  in  Lewiston.  He  came  here,  probably  about  1776-7, 
and  settled  on  what  is  now  Eastern  Avenue,  on  the  lot  above  Davis 
Nevens's.     Dr  Wright  was  a  botanical  physician.     He  died  July  26,  1821. 

Dr  Barrett  was  here  for  a  short  time  about  1799  or  1800. 

Dr  Alexander  Divelley  was  a  native  of  Boylston,  Mass.  He  studied  medicine 
in  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  came  to  Lewiston  in  1803,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in 
the  eastern  part  of  Lewiston,  where  he  lived  until  his  death. 

Dr  Calvin  Grorham  came  here  from  Turner  in  1816.  He  settled  on  Sabatis 
street,  where,  about  1825,  he  built  a  house,  which  is  now  standing.  He  was 
an  allopathic  physician,  but  in  later  life,  about  1845,  he  became  attached  to  the 
honupopathic  system.     He  died  Eebruary  28,  1850. 

Dr  Alonzo  Garcelon  was  the  next  physician,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
medicine  here  in  1839.     (See  biography.) 

Dr  ('h(frlfi<  M'dh'tt  was  born  in  Norway,  April  5,  1803.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  medical  school,  Bowdoin  College,  in  1829,  practiced  medicine  in 
Minot,  and  came  to  Lewiston  about  1847.     Dr  Millett  died  August  13,  1854. 

Dr  Alcander  Burhank  was  born  in  Shelburne,  N.  II.,  June  26,  1822.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr  Barrows,  of  Fryeburg,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
Medical  College,  April,  1847.  He  settled  immediately  in  Lewiston,  where  he 
died,  January  8,  1884. 


City  of  Lewiston.  407 


Dr  H.  C.  Bradford  is  a  native  of  Turner.  He  studied  medicine  with  his 
father,  Dr  Richmond  Bradford,  and  graduated  at  the  Ilonid'opathic  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  in  ISol).  He  immediately  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  [)rofession  in  Lewiston,  and  is  the  second  oldest  physician  in  the  city. 

Br  31.  0.  Wedfjwood  was  born  in  IJowdoin.  He  graduated  from  Bowdoin 
Medical  School  in  1859.  Dr  Wedgwood  was  au  assistant  surgeon  in  the  arjny 
and  came  to  Lewiston  in  LSGS,  where  he  has  practiced  medicine  with  success. 
He  has  held  the  position  of  president  of  the  Maine  Medical  and  Androscoggin 
Medical  associations,  and  also  served  in  both  branches  of  the  Lewiston  city 
government,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  executive  council,  and  secretary  of 
the  Board  of  LI.  S.  Examining  Surgeons. 

Dr  John  A.  Donuiuin  was  born  in  Houlton,  August  4,  1841,  received  his 
medical  education  in  New  York,  London  (England),  and  Paris  (France), 
received  his  degree  of  M.D.  from  New  York  University  Medical  College,  in 
March,  1866,  located  for  practice  at  Lewiston,  May  1,  1866,  and  has  acquired 
an  extensive  practice.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Maine  Medical  Association,  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  and  has  been  president  of  the  Androscoggin  County 
Medical  Association,  and  is  treasurer  of  the  Board  of  U.  S.  Examining  Surgeons. 

Dr  Edward  H.  Hill  is  a  native  of  Harrison.  He  studied  medicine  with  E. 
M.  Wight,  of  Gorham,  N.  H.,  and  G.  L.  Kilgore,  of  Windham,  and  graduated 
from  Harvard  Medical  College  in  March,  1867.  He  first  settled  in  Durham, 
but  in  1869  came  to  Lewiston  and  formed  a  copartnership  with  Dr  A. 
Garcelon,  which  continued  about  four  years,  and  has  since  been  in  })ractice  in 
Lewiston.  He  is  an  attending  surgeon  of  the  Central  Maine  General  Hospital, 
of  which  he  was  one  of  the  active  promoters. 

Dr  0.  A.  ITorr  was  born  in  Waterford.  He  studied  medicine  with  S.  L. 
Weston,  of  Otisfield,  and  Dr  Charles  Hutchinson,  and  graduated  from  Bowdoin 
Medical  School  in  1861.  Practiced  medicine  in  Minot,  was  assistant  surgeon 
in  the  army,  and  came  to  Lewiston  in  1870,  where  he  has  since  been  in  practice. 

Dr  J.  M.  Small  is  a  native  of  New  Gloucester.  He  studied  medicine  with 
Dr  Moses  E.  Swett,  of  Limington,  and  graduated  at  Bowdoin  Medical  School 
in  1847.     Dr  Small  settled  in  Exeter,  and  moved  to  this  city  in  1864. 

Dr  R.  R.  Rlcker  was  born  in  Acton.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr  Richard 
Russell,  of  Great  Falls,  N.  H.,  and  graduated  from  Bowdoin  Medical  School  in 
1847.  Dr  Ricker  practiced  medicine  in  Kittery,  Ossipee,  N.  H.,  and  Minot, 
was  an  assistant  surgeon  in  the  army,  and  settled  in  Lewiston  in  1865. 

Dr  Edmund  Russell  was  born  in  Temple,  November  23,  1824.  He  pursued 
his  medical  studies  with  Dr  William  Kilbourne,  and  graduated  from  Bowdoin 
Medical  School  in  1847,  and  the  same  year  settled  in  Strong.  He  removed  to 
Farmington  in  1855,  and  came  to  Lewiston  in  1869,  forming  a  copartnership 
with  the  late  Dr  S.  Oakes,  which  was  continued  for  a  short  time.  Dr  Russell 
died  December  20,  1880, 


408  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Dr  F.  L.  Dixon  is  a  native  of  Jay.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr  Wright, 
of  Readfield,  and  graduated  from  Dartmouth  Medical  College  in  1880,  and 
settled  in  Wayne.     Dr  Dixon  removed  to  Lewiston  in  1884. 

Dr  E.  W.  Russell  was  born  in  Temple,  and  prosecuted  his  professional 
studies  with  Dr  Edmund  Russell,  and  graduated  from  the  Medical  University 
at  Burlino-ton,  Vt,  in  1879.  Dr  Russell  [)racticed  medicine  six  years  in  Minot, 
and  removed  to  this  city  in  1885. 

Dr  Elizdlx'th  S.  Ilorr  studied  medicine  withDr  O.  A.  Horr  and  graduated 
at  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  New  York,  in  1872,  and  has  since  practiced 
her  profession  in  this  city. 

Dr  L.  J.  Martcl  was  born  at  St  Hyacinthe,  P.  Q.,  and  was  graduated  from 
the  college  of  St  Hyacinthe  in  18G9,  from  Victoria  College  in  l87o,  and  soon 
after  came  to  Lewiston,  where  he  has  been  devoted  to  his  [)rofession  and  to  the 
welfare  of  the  French  people.  In  1874  he  establislied  the  Institut  Jacques 
Cartier,  which  has  now  a  membership  of  over  200.  In  1880  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  International  Congress  in  Quebec.  In  1881  he  represented  the  French 
people  of  Lewiston  in  the  Waterville  conference,  the  first  state  convention  held 
in  Maine.  In  1882  he  was  organizing  president  of  the  Maine  and  New  Hamp- 
shire French  Congress,  held  in  Lewiston.  He  re[)resented  Lewiston  in  the 
legislature  of  18'S4,  and  was  city  j)hysician  from  1883  to  1886.  He  has  been 
vice-president  and  [)resident  of  General  French  Ct)nvention  of  the  United 
States,  president  of  the  French  National  Alliance,  and  was  delegate  to  the 
Catholic  Congress  at  Baltimore. 

Dr  L.  E.  N.  Matte  is  the  city  pliysician. 

Dr  A.  M.  Garcelnn  is  a  native  of  Lewiston.  He  pursued  his  professional 
studies  with  his  father,  Dr  A.  Garcelon,  attended  lectures  at  Montreal,  and 
graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York,  1876.  Dr 
Garcelon  commenced  practice  in  Lewiston  in  1878.     He  was  mayor  in  1883. 

Dr  W.  S.  lIouH'  was  born  in  St  John,  N.  B.,  February  9, 1834,  was  educated 
at  Acadia  College,  entered  the  Baptist  ministry,  and  was  in  active  woi'k  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  First  Maine,  and  was  a  commissioned  officer.  He  was  nine 
months  in  Libby  prison,  and  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks. 
"  He  was  a  brave  man,  a  good  figliter,  a  magnificent  soldier,  and  the  boys  all 
liked  him."  After  the  war  he  studied  medicine,  was  graduated  from  Bowdoin 
Medical  School  in  1869 ;  in  1870  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
in  New  York;  in  1883  from  the  Hahnemann  School  of  Homoeopathy  in 
Philadelphia,  and  practiced  in  Pittsfield  from  1870  to  1885,  when  he  located  in 
Lewiston,  and  has  since  been  in  practice.  Dr  Howe  was  a  chapter  Mason  and 
a  Republican.     He  died  August  24,  1891. 

Dr  Charles  E.  Norton  is  a  native  of  Gardiner.  Graduated  from  Bowdoin 
Medical  School  in  1876.  Dr  Norton  practiced  medicine  for  a  time  at  Augusta, 
and  then  came  to  Lewiston. 


City  of  Lewiston.  409 


Dr  Aurelia  Springer  is  a  native  of  Dresden.  She  studied  with  her  father, 
Dr  W.  W.  Springer,  graduated  at  the  Woman's  Medical  College,  Boston.  Dr 
Springer  studied  four  years  at  the  University  at  Zurich,  Switzerland,  and  came 
to  Lewiston  in  1877. 

Dr  A.  K.  P.  Harvey  studied  with  Drs  A.  J.  Marston  and  H.  C.  Bradford, 
and  graduated  at  the  Homa'opathic  Medical  College  of  Chicago  in  1888. 

Dr  W.  B.  Small,  147  Lisbon  street,  son  of  Addison  Small,  is  the  recording 
secretary  of  the  Androscoggin  County  Medical  Association.  (For  other 
physicians,  see  page  287.) 

Druggists.  —  The  drug  store  of  Charles  A.  Abbott,  corner  of  Lisbon  and 
Main  streets,  is  an  outgrowth  of  the  business  established  by  Dr  Aaron  Young 
in  1850,  on  the  site  of  the  gun  shop  near  Main  street  bridge.  This  was 
removed  to  a  building  that  stood  where  Hotel  Atwood  stands,  and  was  there 
succeeded  by  George  Garcelon,  who  removed  it  to  the  present  location  and 
sold  it  to  William  F.  Garcelon.  After  his  death,  in  1884,  Mr  Abbott  became 
proprietor.  John  Cook,  about  1851,  commenced  as  a  druggist  on  lower  Main 
street,  and  about  1860  removed  it  to  145  Lisbon  street.  In  or  about  1880  ^. 
H.  Gerrisk  became  proprietor.  Wakefield  Brothers  (S.  D.  and  E.),  114  Lisbon 
street,  engaged  in  trade  about  20  years  since.  Both  of  the  proprietors  are 
natives  of  Lewiston,  and  the  senior  member  has  held  official  positions  of  trust 
and  is  now  city  treasurer.  D.  W.  Wi(/(/iti,  213  Lisbon  street,  a  native  of  Leeds, 
established  this  extensive  store  in  March,  1872.  Li  January,  1863,  he  opened 
a  drug  store  in  Phcenix  Block,  Auburn,  where  he  traded  until  1871,  when  he 
purchased  the  bookstore  then  occupying  the  stand  where  his  brother,  W.  H. 
Wiggin,  is  in  trade,  and  carried  it  on  until  he  came  to  Lewiston.  Warren  E. 
Hiker  and  B.  F.  Bradford  opened  the  drug  store,  corner  of  Lisbon  and  Pine 
streets,  about  1879,  and  about  six  years  ago  Mr  Riker  became  sole  proprietor. 
R.  W.  Clark  has  been  in  the  drug  business  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Bates 
streets  for  nearly  20  yeai's. 

There  is  one  patent  medicine  manufactory  in  the  city.  M.  J.  Rogers  ^  Co. 
manufacture  Rogers'  Lihalant  and  Cough  Lozenges  at  21  Lisbon  street. 
These  have  been  made  for  18  years.     Edgar  J.  Fogg,  proprietor. 

Dentists.  —  N.  Woodbury,  Pilsbury  Block.  Ezra  H.  White  (White  & 
Leavitt),  Lyceum  Hall  Block,  attends  to  the  dental  business  in  all  its  branches, 
and  does  excellent  work.  Emery  Bailey,  20  Lisbon  street,  who  has  been 
established  in  Lewiston  nearly  15  years,  has  availed  himself  of  all  the  modern 
appliances  pertaining  to  his  profession,  and  has  been  successful. 

Merchants.  —  There  is  much  obscurity  about  the  early  traders.  It  is  not 
known  who  kept  the  first  goods  for  the  accommodation  of  the  early  settlers. 
It  is  supposed  that  Amos  Davis  had  a  small  amount  of  goods  on  sale  at  his 
house  on  Sabatis  street.  The  wants  of  the  pioneers  were  small  and  it  required 
only  a  meagre  quantity  of  merchandise  to  supply  them. 


410  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


William  Crarcelon,  grandfather  of  Dr  Alonzo  Garcelon,  in  1797  opened  a 
store  in  the  southerly  part  of  the  town,  on  a  scale  then  unknown  in  Lewiston, 
which  he  continued  for  several  years.  Mr  Garcelon  did  an  extensive  business, 
not  only  in  his  store,  but  also  in  lumbering,  until  about  1807.  He  was  also 
engaged  in  ship-building  in  Freeport,  but  suffered  from  the  effects  of  the 
embargo  in  1807,  and  his  business  was  ruined.  Mr  Garcelon  was  one  of  the 
most  active  business  men  of  his  day. 

David  and  Jackson  Davis  in  1799  built  a  house  at  the  corner  on  the  lot 
now  owned  and  occupied  by  J.  Y.  Scruton,  Esq.,  in  the  basement  of  which 
they  commenced  a  small  business.  It  is  probable  that  they  remained  there 
only  a  few  years.  At  that  time  only  a  few  .people  had  settled  near  the  corner. 
Chase  Wedgwood  lived  nearly  opposite  Mr  Davis.  Noah  Litchfield  lived  on 
the  Nash  farm,  where  J.  M.  Robbins  now  lives;  Thomas  Trafton,  where  A.  D. 
Barker  resides ;  John  Marshall,  where  Mrs  A.  Wakefield  now  lives ;  Stephen 
Chase,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Mill  streets,  now  occupied  by  Hotel  Atwood; 
and  Amos  Davis,  on  what  is  now  the  corner  of  Sabatis  and  Wood  streets. 
About  1800,  a  man  by  the  name  of  Thomas  Treadwell  had  a  small  stock  of 
goods  in  one  of  the  rooms  of  the  old  Harris  house,  situated  on  Main  street, 
now  occupied  by  the  Lower  Maine  Central  depot.  He  remained  there  only  a 
short  time,  and  was  followed  by  Michael  Little  and  William  Haskell.  Richard 
D.  Harris  had  a  small  stock  of  goods,  probably  in  his  house  near  the  corner  of 
Main  and  Hammond  streets.  Ebenezer  Herrick  and  Dan  Read  were  in  trade 
for  a  short  time. 

James  Lowell  came  into  the, place  in  1812  or  1813,  and  commenced  trade  at 
wluit  for  many  years  was  known  as  Lowell's  Corner.  His  store  was  on  Main 
street,  near  the  junction  of  Hammond.  Mr  Lowell  had  the  genius  of  a  country 
trader,  and  in  middle  life  did  an  extensive  business.  About  1822  he  built  a 
large  two-story  building,  which  he  occupied  for  a  store  while  he  remained  in 
business.  Three  years  afterwards  he  built  the  two-story  house  on  Main  street, 
now  owned  by  the  Central  Maine  General  Hospital.  Mr  Lowell  had  an 
extensive  tannery  on  the  southerly  side  of  Main  street,  and  did  an  extensive 
business  in  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  harnesses.  His  bark  mill  was  burned 
in  1847  and  was  never  rebuilt.  He  continued  in  business  until  near  the  close 
of  his  life.  In  1855  he  sold  his  store  and  residence  at  the  "  Corner,"  and 
removed  to  his  farm  on  Webster  street,  where  he  died  July  27,  1858. 

Nathan  Reynolds  opened  a  store  in  the  building  occupied  by  David  and 
Jackson  Davis  at  Lowell's  Corner  in  1815  or  1816.  A  rivalry  soon  sprang  up 
between  him  and  Mr  Lowell,  both  of  whom  were  keen  discriminating  business 
men.  Soon  after  Mr  Lowell  built  his  store,  Mr  Reynolds  built  a  two-story 
brick  store,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Sabatis  streets,  and  within  two  years 
after  Mr  Lowell  built  his  house,  Mr  Reynolds  built  the  two-story  brick  house  — 
which   has   since   Mr   Reynold's  death   been   remodeled   and   enlarged  —  now 


City  of  Lewiston.  411 


owned  and  occupied  by  J.  Y.  Scruton,  Esq.  Mr  Reynolds  did  an  extensive 
business  for  those  days,  but  about  1840  sold  his  goods,  and,  for  a  short  time, 
retired  from  business.  Subsequently  he  and  his  son,  N.  B.  Reynolds,  opened  a 
store  on  lower  Main  street,  where  they  continued  in  business  until  about  1852. 

Gorhtm  ff  Philips  commenced  to  trade  at  Lowell's  Corner,  just  below 
Lowell's  store  on  Main  street,  about  1833,  and  continued  in  business  for 
several  years,  and  about  the  same  time  Plckard  tf  Little  opened  a  store  on 
lower  Main  street.  Gideon  D.  Dickinson  commenced  business  on  lower  Main 
street  about  1837.  John  B.  Jones  was  also  in  business  for  a  few  years  on  lower 
Main  street  from  1889.  fferrick  cf  Little  commenced  trade  in  the  Pickard 
store  about  1847.  Earlier  than  this  John  W.  Perkins  opened  the  first  dry 
goods  store  of  Lewiston,  near  the  bridge. 

Daniel  Wood  opened  a  store  on  lower  Main  street  in  1848.  Subsequently 
he  took  Howe  Weeks  as  partner,  and  they  built  a  store  near  the  bridge  which 
they  occupied  for  several  years,  when  the  firm  was  dissolved,  and  Mr  Wood 
built  the  brick  store  on  Lisbon  street,  which  he  now  occupies  with  the  most 
extensive  stock  of  crockery  and  glass  ware  in  the  city.  This  is  one  of  the 
oldest  business  houses  in  the  city. 

'/.  P.  Loniiley^  a  native  of  Greene,  commenced  business  here  in  1847. 
Subsequentl}^  the  firm  name  was  Longley  &  Covell,  and  afterward  changed  to 
Longley  &  Jordan.  They  occupied  a  store  near  Lowell's  Corner.  In  1801 
Mr  Longley  became  the  sole  owner  (179  Main  street)  and  has  continued  the 
business  since.  His  son,  J.  B.,  is  with  him.  This  is  the  oldest  business  house 
in  the  city,  and  manufactures  and  sells  furs,  fine  harnesses,  trunks,  traveling 
bags,  etc.,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  trotting  and  racing  boots. 

Messrs  E.  S.  Paul  <|*  Co.  is  the  oldest  dry  goods  house  in  the  city. 
Business  was  commenced  in  1867  as  Goddard  &  Paul,  which  was  continued 
for  about  a  decade,  when  Mr  Paul  assumed  the  entire  control.  It  is  now  one 
of  the  largest  dry  goods  establishments  in  the  city.  Mr  Paul,  some  years 
since,  built  the  large  brick  block  which  he  has  since  occupied.  The  firm 
manufactures  cloaks  and  dresses,  and  employs  about  30  persons. 

Messrs  Oswald  .f  Armstron</,  dry  and  fancy  goods  dealers,  were  the 
successors  of  Arthur  Sands,  whose  store  and  stock  of  goods  they  purchased  in 
1883.  Besides  their  extensive  stock  of  dry  and  fancy  goods,  they  have 
departments  of  dress  and  cloak  making  which  they  carry  on  extensively. 
Oswald  &  Armstrong  occupy  five  stores  on  Lisbon  street,  employ  some  44 
persons  in  their  several  departments,  and  tlieir  annual  business  amounts  to 
about  #140,000.  Since  March,  1890,  Mr  Armstrong  has  been  the  sole  owner 
of  the  establishment,  but  retains  the  firm  name.  Mr  Armstrong  is  a  war 
veteran,  a  member  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery,  Boston,  has 
served  on  Governor  Mitchell's  staff,  and  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  fire 
commissioners. 


412  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Mr  B.  Peck,  of  the  firm  of  the  B.  Peck  Company,  commenced  business  in 
Lewiston  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  A.  Plummer  &  Co.  Subsequently  Mr 
Peck  became  sole  manager  of  the  business,  remaining  in  Frye  Block  until 
1885,  when  B.  Peck  &  Co.  transferred  their  stock  to  Sands  Block,  where  they 
have  since  remained.  The  business  embraces  dry  and  fancy  goods,  including 
millinery,  cloaks,  and  garments.  The  store  has-  a  frontage  of  50  feet  —  equal 
to  two  stores  —  with  a  depth  of  95  feet,  and  occupies  two  floors  and  one-half 
of  the  basement,  about  12,000  square  feet.  The  business  is  classified  into 
15  departments,  and  more  than  60  persons  are  employed.  The  annual  business 
amounts  to  -1250,000.  In  April,  1890,  the  firm  was  reorganized  and  is  now  a 
stock  company,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000,  one-half  of  which  is  paid  in.  The 
officers  are:  B.  Peck,  president;  J.  H.  Crowley,  manager;  H.  A.  Free, 
treasurer;  B.  Peck,  Lewis  Lombard,  J.  H.  Crowley,  H.  A.  Free,  William 
Nicoll,  William  Youland,  L.  T.  Chabot,  directors. 

There  are  several  other  dry  goods  houses:  Lowell  <f*  Lowell,  C.  D.  Farrar 
(f    Co.,  Bates  Remnant  Store,  Greenherg  Brothers,  N.  Greenherg,  etc. 

Clothing. — John  Yeaton  Seruton,  born  in  Farmington,  N.  H.,  December 
23,  1821,  started  in  trade  as  member  of  the  firm  of  Burleigh  &  Seruton  in  1853. 
The  firm  was  later  Cobb  &  Seruton;  then  Mr  Seruton  was  alone.  In  1884  his 
son,  Edwin  F.,  became  a  partner  of  the  firm  of  J.  Y.  Seruton  <j-  Son,  which 
conducts  trade  at  23  Lisbon  street,  and  does  a  business  of  $40,000  a  year. 
Rleluinh  <f-  Merrill  (I).  O.  Richards  and  J.  L.  Merrill)  began  trade  on  lower 
Main  street  in  1853,  and  later  were  in  Jones's  Block ;  from  there  they  moved 
to  Journal  Block,  and  built  their  present  store  in  Lyceum  Hall  Block  in  1872. 
This  house  has  not  been  changed  in  name  or  members  since  its  foundation. 
The  largest  stock  in  ready-made  clothing  is  carried  by  Bahhitt  Brothers,  who  in 
1891  succeeded  A.  T.  Neal,  who  conducted  business  as  Bicknell  &  Neal.  They 
occupy  two  stores  on  Lisbon  street,  corner  of  Ash.  An  old  established  house 
is  that  now  in  business  as  S.  A.  Isaacson  (f-  Co.,  at  the  Blue  Store,  152  Lisbon 
street,  which  was  opened  in  1881  and  passed  into  the  control  of  S.  A.  &  I.  B. 
Isaacson  in  1880.  Its  connection  as  a  branch  of  a  large  Boston  house  gives  it 
many  advantages.  W.  H.  C.  Allen  (Allen  &  Co.),  85  Lisbon  street,  is  another 
of  the  fair-dealing  representative  houses  in  this  line,  carrying  a  fine  stock. 

Grocers,  Provision  Dealers,  etc.  —  The  oldest  and  leading  grocery 
house  is  that  of  Nealey  cj-  Miller,  239  Main  street.  This  business  was  started 
in  1S50,  by  Ilircy  Day,  in  a  cellar  on  Middle  street.  In  August,  1860,  Mr 
Day,  his  son,  Jose[)h  II.,  and  A.  B.  Nealey  formed  tlie  firm  of  H.  Day  &  Co., 
which  continued  until  1865,  when  H.  Day  retired,  and  the  firm  became  Day, 
Nealey  &  Co.  The  store  was  renioved  in  1863  to  Blanchard  Block  on  Main 
street,  and  in  1867  to  Bonnallie  Block,  when  a  hardware  store  was  started  in 
their  old  rooms  in  Blanchard  Block  by  Joseph  H.  Day,  A.  B.  Nealey,  and 
Charles  H.  Miller,  as  J.    H.   Day   &  Co.      Mr   Miller  was   later  admitted    a 


City  of  Lewiston.  413 


partner  in  the  grocery,  business,  and  is  treasurer  of  the  Lewiston  and  Auburn 
Grocers'  Association.  The  present  establishment  was  purchased  by  them  and 
fitted  up  into  one  of  the  most  convenient  stores  in  Maine,  and  about  1880  Day, 
Nealey  &  Co.  dissolved  partnership,  Mr  Day  taking  the  hardware  store,  and 
Nealey  &  Miller  continuing  as  grocers.  The  business  has  had  a  healthy  growth 
from  the  first,  employs  13  males  and  two  females,  and  its  annual  business 
reaches  into  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars.  Colonel  Nealey  is  now 
the  oldest  grocer  of  Lewiston,  and  a  director  of  the  Grocers'  Association. 

Benjamin  Litchfield  established  himself  as  a  grocer  in  1865  with  George  A. 
Chandler,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Park  streets,  and  in  1868  formed  with 
Albert  Tiacy  the  firm  of  B.  Litchfield  &  Co.,  on  the  opposite  corner.  In 
three  years  Mr  Tracy  retired,  and  Mr  Litchfield,  a  year  later,  took  as 
partner  Marshall  Emery,  who  16  years  later  sold  to  S.  C.  Leslie,  Jr,  who 
retired  in  April,  1891.  Mr  Litchfield  is  now  alone,  but  retains  the  firm  name. 
In  1871  he  moved  from  his  former  location  to  the  store  adjoining  his  present 
store  in  the  Dominican  School  (formerly  Bonnallie)  Block,  and  in  1886  occu- 
pied his  present  stand.  Mr  Litchfield  is  a  native  of  Lewiston,  and  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Thirteenth  Massachusetts  in  the  Civil  War  for  20  months,  receiv- 
ing his  discharge  November  29,  1862,  in  consequence  of  severe  bullet  wounds. 

John  Grarner,  213  Park  street,  established  his  grocery  business  over  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago.  He  was  born  in  England,  and  during  his  residence 
in  Lewiston  has  been  prominent  in  many  ways.  He  has  built  up  a  large 
wholesale  and  retail  trade,  and  among  numerous  official  positions  held  by  him 
is  president  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  Grocers'  Association.  He  conducts  a 
foreign  passenger  and  exchange  agency. 

'/.  C.  White  commenced  business  as  a  grocer,  on  Main  street,  about  thirty 
years  ago,  and  was  in  trade  until  1890,  when  he  retired  from  the  firm  of 
White  &  Ames,  now  Ames  &  Merrill,  187  Main  street.  Maxwell  cj-  Ne.iums^ 
10  Park  street,  are  wholesale  dealers  in  teas,  spices,  etc.  B.  E.  Parlin  con- 
ducts the  Boston  Tea  Store,  at  3  Journal  Block,  established  in  1875,  and  is 
a  wholesale  and  retail  dealer.  Sehhm  A.  Omnmim/s,  223  Main  street,  manu- 
factures confectionery,  which  he  sells  at  wholesale  and  retail.  Frank  L.  Hoyt 
<f  Co.  are  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  groceries,  meats,  etc.,  at  230  Lisbon 
street.  Merrifield  cf  Breiver  (William  E.  Merrifield,  Horace  W.  Brewer)  con- 
duct grocery  business  at  371  Lisbon  street.  Cieorge  A.  Wiseman.,  grocer  and 
baker,  does  business  at  14()  Lincoln  street.  Abram  Atwood,  159  Lisbon  street, 
is  a  wholesale  and  retail  dealer  in  groceries,  meats,  etc.,  established  for  nearly 
25  years.  He  does  an  extensive  business,  and  Hotel  Atwood  carries  his  name. 
Edward  W.  Gross  and  Julius  K.  Bri(/(/s  have  conducted  a  large  business  in 
wholesaling  beef  in  Grand  Trunk  yard  as  Gross  &  Briggs. 

Shoe  Dealers.  —  Fessenden  I.  Bay.,  5  Journal  Block;  C.  0.  Morrell, 
corner  of  Lisbon  and  Main  streets;  A.  iS.  Melcher.,  4  Frye  Block. 


414  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Watches,  Jewelry,  etc.  —  H.  A.  Osgood  ^  Son  (wholesale)  and  IT.  A. 
Osf/ood  (f*  Co.  (retail),  127  Lisbon  street;  George  A.  Dreu\  2  Frye  Block; 
A.  W.  Anfhoine,  79  Lisbon  street,  established  1880,  has  a  large  stock  of  finely 
selected  goods;  J.  W.  Perry  ^  Son.,  90  Lisbon  street:  E.  E.  Pomeroy.,  84 
Lisbon  street;     A.  S.  Wright,  229  Lisbon  street. 

Hardware,  Cutlery,  Stoves,  etc. —  Thomas  R.  Catland  makes  a  spe- 
cialty of  electrical  appliances,  cutlery,  and  sporting  goods,  does  light  machine 
work,  is  a  locksmith,  and  has  but  one  competitor  in  the  city.  J.  H.  Stetson 
tf"  Co.  (Joseph  H.  and  George  B.  Stetson),  65  Lisbon  street,  successors  to  Bean 
&  Stetson,  deal  in  kitchen  furnishings,  stoves,  furnaces,  ranges,  etc.  Charles 
G-reenwood  was  in  extensive  business  from  1879  to  1890.  J.  H.  Chase  now 
occupies  his  former  stand,  191  Lisbon  street.  Among  other  prominent  houses 
are  Hall  (f*  Knight  Hardware  Co..,  53  l^isbon  street,  successors  to  Owen  &  Hall, 
dealers  in  manufacturers'  supplies,  etc.,  and  A.  L.  J-  E.  F.  Goss,  Main  street, 
corner  Lincoln  street,  stoves,  furnaces,  etc. 

Coal,  Wood,  ETC. — Bearce,  Wilson  ^  Co.,  138  Main  street,  deal  in  coal 
and  wood.  This  number  is  also  headquarters  of  the  extensive  lumbering  firm 
of  Bearee  (f  Wilson  (George  B.  Bearce,  Charles  C.  Wilson),  large  operators  in 
the  Upper  Androscoggin  valley.  Other  dealers  in  coal  and  wood  are  John  iV. 
Wood,  64  Middle  street ;  H.  B.  Skinner  ^  Co.,  cross  canal ;  L.  C.  Rohhins,  270 
Main  street;  Harper  cf  Googin  (John  Harper,  Melvin  J.  Googin),  138  Bates 
street;   0.  A.  Norton,  51  Ash  street. 

Flour,  Grain,  Meal,  etc.  —  J.  L.  Hayes  Sf  Co.  (Jacob  L.  and  Sylvanus 
B.)  do  a  large  business  in  the  sale  of  these  important  articles  and  lime  and 
cement,  at  282  Main  street  (Lowell's  Corner) ;  J.  B.  Ham  ^  Co.,  Grand  Trunk 
yard;    0.  S.  Ham,  Haymarket  Square;  M.  J.  Davis,  86  Park  street. 

Painters  and  Decorators.  —  /.  *S'.  Faunce,  painter  and  decorator,  of 
over  30  years'  experience,  57  Bates  street;  George  W.  Boardman,  plain  and 
decorative  paper-hanger,  and  house,  wall,  and  ceiling  painter,  etc.,  266  Main 
street ;  James  M.  Sherman,  painter,  grainer,  glazier,  paper-hanger,  and  fancy 
decorator,  96  Chestnut  street. 

Insurance.  —  Chamherlin  cf*  Little,  79  Lisbon  street,  is  one  of  the  oldest 
insurance  agencies,  succeeding  a  firm  established  30  years  or  more  ago.  F.  A, 
Conant  represents  good  companies,  with  office  in  Sands  Building.  Arehie  L. 
Talbot,  19  Lisbon  street,  is  general  agent  of  that  strong  conservative  Quaker 
company,  the  Provident  Life  and  Trust  Company  of  Philadelphia.  Nazaire 
Payette,  8  College  Block,  is  manager  of  the  Metropolitan  Insurance  Company. 
Callahan    ^  Duroeher,  226  Lisbon  street,  conduct  insurance. 

Civil  Engineers. — John  A.  Jones,  Pilsbury  Block.  Charles  Boivers, 
Franklin  Company's  office. 

Books  and  Stationery.  —  The  firm  of  Douglass  ^  Cook,  188  Lisbon 
street,  is  an  old  established  one,  and  keeps  the  name  it  had  when  S.  W.  Cook 
was  a  partner.     It  does  a  large  business. 


City  of  Lewiston.  415 


Book  and  Job  Printers.  —  Nelmn  Dinfiley^  Jr.,  ^f-  Co.,  Journal  Block; 
aeonje  A.  Callahan,  21  Lisbon  street  (established  1862)  ;  W.  11.  Week.^,  32 
Main  street. 

Bookbinder.  —  Mrs.  C.  A.  JSfeal,  Journal  Block. 


Hon.  James  Lowell  was  born  in  Buckfield,  January  5,  1791.  (See 
merchants.)  He  was  confident,  even  in  early  life,  that  Lewiston  would 
ultimately  become  a  large  manufacturing  city.  Governed  by  this  impulse  he 
invested  all  his  surplus  funds  in  real  estate,  on  which  he  realized  large  returns. 
For  20  consecutive  years,  commencing  with  1829,  Mr  Lowell  was  treasurer 
of  the  town  of  Lewiston,  representative  to  the  legislature  in  1839,  1851,  and 
1852,  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1841.  In  all  of  these  places  of 
responsibility  he  exhibited  sound  judgment,  a  conservative  spirit,  and  devotion 
to  the  trusts  confided  to  him.  Mr  Lowell  was  quiet  and  unassuming  in 
manner,  and  was  highly  esteemed  in  business  circles.  He  married,  in  1814, 
Hannah  Paul,  of  New  Gloucester.  They  had  three  sons,  Mark,  Daniel,  and 
James,  Jr,  and  one  daughtei-,  Vesta,  who  married  Dr  A.  Burbank.  Mark 
Lowell  was  one  of  the  selectmen  f(n"  several  years,  and  also  a  representative  to 
the  legislature.     Mr  Lowell  died  July  27,  1858. 

Colonel  Jolm  M.  Frife,  a  descendant  of  General  J()se[)h  Frye,  of  Fryeburg, 
was  born  in  Westbrook,  Novendjer  28,  1802.  Mr  Frye,  from  early  manhood, 
was  intimately  connected  with  the  manufacturing  industries  of  Lewiston, 
retaining  his  relation  to  the  Lewiston  Falls  Manufacturing  Company  until  he 
retired  from  business.  In  the  municipal  affairs  of  the  town  and  city  he  took 
a  deep  interest.  He  served  on  the  board  of  selectmen,  was  eleven  years  town 
treasurer,  was  a  member  of  tlie  Maine  senate  in  1841,  and  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  governor's  council  in  1861.  In  these  various  positions  he 
served  with  honor  to  himself  and  to  the  gratification  of  the  people.  In  middle 
life  he  was  elected  colonel  of  his  regiment  of  militia,  a  position  in  which  he 
took  much  interest,  making  a  model  officer.  Colonel  Frye  married  Miss  Alice 
Davis,  daughter  of  Mr  David  Davis,  in  1828.  They  had  two  sons,  Hon. 
William  P.  Frye,  tlie  distinguished  senator,  now  in  the  U.  S.  senate,  Dr 
Albert  S.  Frye,  who  died  in  early  life,  and  several  daughters.  Colonel  Frye 
died  January  1,  1885. 

Major  William  R.  Frye,  a  brother  of  Colonel  John  M.  Frye,  was  born  in 
Westbrook  in  1808.  He  married  Melicant  Mower,  of  Greene.  Major  Frye  in 
early  life  was  one  of  the  most  successful  of  our  school  teachers,  having  taught 
a  number  of  years  at  Lowell's  Corner  and  at  the  Herrick  school-house.  He 
was  interested  in  manufacturing,  having  for  years  an  interest  in  the  woolen 
mill  here  and  at  Sabatis.  But  it  was  in  political  life  he  was  best  known. 
Unquestionably  he  had  the  power  of  leadership,  and  had  he  been  physically 


416  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


strong  would  have  made  it  felt.  For  seven  years  he  was  chairman  of  the 
board  of  selectmen,  was  postmaster  under  Van  Buren,  Pierce,  and  Buchanan ; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1841  and  1842.  He  was  instrumental 
in  securino-  the  location  of  the  Maine  State  Seminary  here  and  was  one  of  the 
trustees  of  Bates  College.  iMr  Frye  had  abilities  of  no  ordinary  character.  As 
a  speaker  he  was  forcible,  incisive,  with  a  marked  command  of  language.  He 
drew  around  him  many  friends,  and  was  not  wanting  in  enthusiastic  admirers, 
and  in  his  intercourse  with  the  public  was  kind  and  affable.  His  second  wife 
was  Miss  Susan  E.  Caverly,  of  Lowell,  Mass.     Major  Frye  died  March  5,  1865. 

Edward  P.  Tobie,  a  native  of  Chesterville,  married  Miss  Caroline  Frye, 
daughter  of  Mr  Dean  Frye,  in  1829,  and  removed  to  Lewiston  about  1836.  Mr 
Tobie  was  elected  town  clerk  in  1839,  and  held  the  office  of  town  and  city 
clerk,  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  until  his  death  in  1875.  His  life  was 
one  of  singular  purity  and  commanded  universal  respect.  His  family  consisted 
of  two  sons  and  two  daughters.  One  of  his  sons,  Edward  P.  Tobie,  Jr,  is  one 
of  the  editors  of  the  Providence  Journnl.  and  a  brilliant  writer. 

Captain  Daniel  Holland^  son  of  John  and  Rebecca  Holland,  who  settled 
in  tlie  southern  part  of  Lewiston  early  in  this  century,  was  born  Sei)tember 
23,  1811,  and  died  in  March,  1891.  He  learned  the  tanning  business  of  Asa 
Garcelon,  and  lived  for  a  while  in  Durham.  He  married,  October  22,  1835, 
Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Deacon  Joseph  Field,  and  settled  in  Lewiston  and 
became  an  active,  vigorous,  hard-working,  honest4iearted  business  man  of 
foresight  and  public  spirit.  Their  children  are  Mrs  F.  I.  Day,  of  Lewiston, 
Mrs  H.  S.  Garcelon,  of  Dayville,  Conn.,  and  Alphonso  B.  Holland,  of  Lewiston. 
In  1836  Captain  Holland  and  Stephen  Field,  his  brother-in-law,  put  up  a 
building  on  Sabatis  street.  It  was  a  large  building  for  those  days,  and  they 
did  a  large  business  buying  wool  skins  and  pulling  wool.  The  first  residence 
of  Cai)tain  Holland  was  in  the  Manning  House,  near  Sabatis-street  junction 
with  Main  street.  About  1837  Captain  Holland  built  a  two-story  brick  house 
where  Central  Block  is.  He  lived  here  many  years,  making  famous  thick 
boots,  and  selling  them  at  retail  at  Portland  and  Bangor.  He  was  an  ardent 
militia-man,  and  captain  of  the  Light  Infantry  Company.  He  did  most  of  the 
lumbering  in  this  city  until  the  advent  of  Mr  Bearce,  and  was  an  extensive 
dealer  in  real  estate.  He  was  especially  potent  at  the  time  the  corporations  (in 
1847)  were  desirous  of  buying  land.  They  found  it  difficult  to  purchase,  and 
in  connection  with  Colonel  Reed  and  Mark  Lowell,  Captain  Holland  acted  as 
a  self-constituted  committee,  and  bonded  many  farms  and  much  land  on  both 
sides  of  the  river.  He  built  his  fine  brick  residence  on  College  street  about 
1872.  He  was  president  of  the  Lewiston  Falls  Bank,  town  treasurer  in 
1856  and  1857,  and  representative  in  1866  and  1867.  In  1868  he  was  a 
member  of  the  governor's  council,  and  in  1870  and  1871  was  in  the  Maine 
State  Senate.     He  was  prominent  in  the  establishment  of  Riverside  Cemetery, 


City  of  Lewiston.  417 


and  with  John  M.  Fiye,  Wm  R.  Frye,  Alonzo  Garcelon,  A.  H.  Kelsey,  Amos 
Nevens,  D.  H.  Hamilton,  Am  mi  R.  Nash,  and  S.  R.  Bearce  bought  the 
property  for  -til, 000,  and  established  the  corporation.  Every  one  respected 
Captain  Holland  for  his  native  integrity,  his  candid  common  sense,  his  wide 
acquaintance  with  business,  his  rare  judgment  on  all  matters  of  social  and 
industrial  welfare,  his  kind  heart,  and  his  honest  soul. 

John  Read,  Esq.,  son  of  Colonel  Stephen  and  Abigail  (Brown)  Read,  was 
born  in  Lewiston,  December  21,  1820.  Mr  Read's  educational  advantages 
were  obtained  in  the  public  schools  of  the  town  and  at  the  Lewiston  Falls 
Academy,  where  he  tot)k  a  course  in  higher  mathematics  in  order  to  pre})are 
himself  for  the  profession  of  civil  engineer,  which  he  subsequently  pursued, 
having  been  engaged  on  several  railroads  in  this  state  and  in  this  west.  In 
1855  Mr  Read  was  elected  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen;  was  one  of 
the  county  commissioners  from  186U  to  1881;  street  commissioner  of  the  city 
of  Lewiston  for  three  years;  superintendent  of  the  water  works  for  two  years; 
clerk  of  the  water  works  for  two  years ;  and  has  been  secretary  of  the  Odd 
Fellows'  Mutual  Relief  Association  since  1885.  He  married  Miss  Mary  A. 
Bonney,  of  Turner,  May  18,  1848,  and  has  two  sons,  Charles  B.  Reade,  who 
graduated  at  Bates  College  in  the  class  of  1873,  and  is  now  Deputy  Sergeant- 
at-Arms  of  the  U.  S.  Senate,  and  J.  Leslie  Reade,  a  graduate  of  Bates  College, 
class  of  1883,  who  is  now  connected  with  the  Auburn  Daily  Gazette. 

Hon.  Jacob  B.  ILun,  son  of  Colonel  Ebenezer  and  Judith  (Barker)  Ham, 
was  born  in  Lewiston,  March  24,  1824.  He  was  educated  in  the  town  schools 
and  the  Lewiston  Falls  Academy.  He  early  engaged  in  trade  and  was  always 
inteiested  in  mercantile  pursuits.  Mr  ILim's  rugged  character  and  evident 
ability  soon  brought  him  before  the  public,  and  he  became  one  of  the  leading 
men  in  the  county.  He  was  representative  to  the  legislature  in  1854-6,  and 
selectman  of  Lewiston  in  1859,  and  in  18G0-()2  was  chairman  of  the  board.  In 
1863  Mr  Ham  was  elected  with  great  unanimity,  as  the  first  mayor  of  Lewiston, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1864.  Mr  Ham  was  at  the  head  of  the  municipal 
government  of  Lewiston  during  the  entire  period  of  the  Civil  War.  During 
these  years  of  anxiety  and  great  responsibility  he  managed  the  affairs  of  the 
town  and  city  with  rare  judgment  and  ability.  Lewiston's  quota  was  always 
ready  at  the  time  designated  by  the  government,  and  in  all  of  the  affairs  of 
the  place  which  came  under  his  control  he  showed  executive  ability  and  tact. 
He  was  appointed  by  the  governor  as  Maine's  commissioner  to  the  New 
Orleans  Exposition,  and  ably  represented  the  state.  His  mind  was  so  cast  that 
he  not  only  took  great  interest  in  the  city,  state,  and  county,  but  he  also  took 
much  delight  in  intellectual  pursuits,  and  traveled  in  almost  every  state  in  the 
Union,  in  Mexico,  Cuba,  and  Europe.  He  had  a  fine  appreciation  of  the  rare 
and  beautiful,  and  the  instincts  of  the  antiquary.  His  was  an  active,  vigorous, 
and  robust  life,  maintained  with  wonderful  poise,  until  the  end  came,  Sep- 
tember 3,  1888. 


418  HisToiiY  OF  Andkoscoggin  County. 


Prof.  Thomas  Hill  Rich,  A.M.,^  son  of  Hosea  Rich,  an  eminent  physician 
and  surgeon,  was  born  in  Bangor,  is  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College  and  of  the 
Theological  Seminary  in  Bangor.  For  three  years  he  taught  Latin  and  Greek 
in  East  Maine  Conference  Seminary  at  Bucksport,  for  two  years  was  in  the 
Portland  Hio-h  School,  and  for  six  years  was  assistant  teacher  of  Hebrew  at 
Bangor.  Since  1872  he  has  been  professor  of  Hebrew  in  Cobb  Divinity 
School.  He  has  published  metrical  versions  of  portions  of  the  Old  Testament. 
Of  his  version  of  Nahum  The  Christian  Mirror  said:  "His  purpose  has  been 
well  accomplished.  The  paraphrase  is  in  iambic  measure,  unrhymed,  but  easy 
and  flowing;  the  diction  pure,  and  the  effect  of  the  whole  pleasing.  It  is 
remarkable  liow  much  of  grace  and  power  is  added  to  these  inspired  pro- 
ductions by  presenting  them  in  a  dress  worthy  of  their  originals."  Other 
creditable  critics  have  said  that  this  version  was  comparable  with  and  similar 
to  Matthew  Arnold's  metrical  versions  of  portions  of  Isaiah.  Journals  like  the 
New  York  Independent  have  given  high  words  of  praise  to  his  work.  M7-s 
Caroline  W.  D.  Rich  (wife  of  Prof.  Thomas  Hill  Rich)  is  a  lineal  descendant 
on  the  paternal  side  from  John  Stockbridge,  who  came  from  Kent,  England,  in 

1627,  and  on  the  maternal  side  from  John  Leavitt,  who  came  from  England  in 

1628.  Mrs  Rich  has  written  several  books,  some  of  which  have  passed  into 
second  and  third  editions.  A  poem  of  considerable  length  was  written  for  the 
centennial  of  Turner,  is  embodied  in  the  "History  of  Turner,"  and  also  is  in 
book  form.  Poems  of  the  imagination,  legends,  and  ballads  have  appeared  in 
the  leading  publications  of  the  day.  Translations  also  have  been  added  to 
her  literary  work  as  well  as  hymns,  scnne  of  which  may  be  found  in  hymn 
collections. 


Tlie  early  center  of  business  was  at  Lowell's  Corner,  but,  about  1815, 
business  houses  began  to  cluster  around  and  on  lower  Main  street,  leaving  but 
the  store  of  James  Lowell  at  the  Corner  when  the  railroad  came  in  LS41>. 
Lower  Main  street  did  not  retain  its  commercial  supremacy  after  Central 
Block  was  built  and  Lisbon  street  was  laid  out  and  partially  opened.  John 
W.  Perkins  (the  first  dry  goods  merchant,  established  early  near  the  bridge,) 
moved  to  Central  Block,  others  followed,  the  post-office  was  removed  to  a 
building  standing  where  J.  T.  Small's  office  does,  at  the  head  of  Lisbon  street, 
and  the  tide  of  business  enterprise  flowed  that  way.  As  new  stores  were 
demanded,  Lisbon  street  was  by  degrees  opened  and  has  developed  into  the 
great  commercial  thoroughfare  of  to-day.  The  old  arcades  near  Cedar  street 
were  built  by  the  corporations  soon  after  their  extensive  surveys  and  laying 
out  of  streets,  to  draw  trade  that  way,  but  it  refused  to  come.  With  the 
opening  of  Sabatis  road  and  the  new  road  to  Lisbon  down  Lisbon  street,  easy 

1  Condensed  from  sketches  in  "  Poets  of  Maine." 


City  of  Lewiston.  419 


transportation  for  their  prodnce  was  given  to  the  farmers  to  the  east,  and  tliat 
developed  trade.  The  mills  brought  workmen  who  must  have  houses,  food, 
and  necessaries  of  life  and  business  steadily  increased.  By  1860  the  population 
was  7,424,  and  the  valuation  had  increased  fourfold  in  ten  years  and  was 
'12,426,374.  The  growth  has  been  very  ra[)id,  Bates  College  has  made  the  city 
an  educational  center,  and  Lewiston  is  among  the  most  prosperous  cities  of 
New  England,  and  increasing  in  size,  wealth,  an<l  improvements  with  each 
year.  It  now  has  a  valuation  of  -fl  2,144,494.  The  French  comprise  from  one- 
fourth  to  one-third  of  the  population.  Tlie  original  seven  wards  of  the  city 
are  unclianged  in  limits  and  have  this  population:  Ward  1,  2,796;  ward 
2,  2,243;  ward  3,  2,482;  ward  4,  2,761;  ward  5,  5,049;  ward  6,4,103;  ward  7, 
2,267;  a  total  of  21,701.  Jones's  r)lock,  now  lower  Maine  Central  station,  was 
built  about  1851,  Central  Block  in  the  last  of  the  'fifties.  Journal  P)lock  in 
1862,  Savings  Bank  Block  in  1868,  Lyceum  Block  in  1872,  Centennial  Block 
in  1876,  Frye  Block  in  1877,  Scruton  Block  in  1883,  Sands  Block  in  1885. 

The  address  of  Mayor  Newell,  on  assuming  office,  gave  the  financial  con- 
dition of  the  city,  March  1,  1891,  thus:  Liabilities,  $1,099,000;  resources, 
$182,752.11.     He  further  says  : 

At  the  beginning  of  the  last  municipal  year,  the  city  report  shows  that  the  floating  debt 
was  $G.'j,8()0.  It  is  now  $109,000,  but  of  this  sum  $44,000  has  been  expoiuled  toward  the 
construction  of  the  new  city  building;  and  the  floating  delit  then  existing  has  not  been 
increased  by  the  ordinary  expenditures,  but  has,  as  the  figures  show,  been  somewliat 
decreased.     The  amount  of  $44,000  this  year  added,  is  now  invested  in  the  city  building. 

The  net  debt  of  the  city  is  $916,247.89,  but  of  this  sura  $.500,000  is  represented  by  the 
water  loan,  which  is  more  than  self-sustaining,  so  that  this  is  not  a  burden  upon  the  city, 
nor,  in  reality,  a  debt.  The  same  may  also  be  said  of  the  2,2.50  shares  of  the  Lewiston  & 
Auburn  Railroad,  whose  face  value  is  $225,000,  and  which  is  to-day  worth  $337,000. 
These  two  items  of  our  indebtedness,  aggregating,  in  money  values,  $837,000,  do  not 
constitute  a  burden  upon  the  tax  payers  of  our  city,  because  they  are  a  paying  investment, 
not  only  from  a  money  point 'of  view,  but  they  are  important  factors  in  the  material 
progress  and  development  of  its  business  interests,  and  contribute  in  no  small  degree  to 
the  value  of  our  taxable  property.  This  leaves  the  debt,  not  self-sustaining,  $79,247.89, 
with  a  valuation  of  $11,2.50,000  worth  of  taxable  property,  and  makes  a  financial  showing 
which  compares  favorably  with  that  of  any  city  in  New  England,  and  is  in  fact,  equaled  by 
that  of  very  few.  None  of  the  outstanding  bonds  mature  during  the  year.  $100,000  of 
them  become  due  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1893;  but  it  is  thought  that  it  will  not  be 
advisable  to  pay  the  same  at  maturity,  owing  to  the  heavy  expenditures  incident  to  the 
loss  and  reconstruction  of  our  city  building.  For  this  reason,  an  act  has  passed  the 
present  legislature  enabling  the  city  to  fund  the  same  when  due.  This  can  be  done  at  a 
low  rate  of  interest,  because  the  financial  standing  of  our  city  is  such  that  the  bonds  are 
looked  upon  as  a  safe  investment. 


420  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 

ALONZO    GARCELON,  A.M.,  M.D. 

THERE  is  now  living  ;i  man  who  has  had  more  to  do  in  the  various  move- 
ments of  the  last  fifty  years  that  have  produced  the  Lewiston  of  to-day, 
than  any,  or  perhaps  all  others.  We  refer  to  ex-Governor  Alonzo  Gar- 
celon,  known  to  his  townsmen  and  throughout  this  county  by  his  extensive  and 
long-continued  medical  practice  as  "Doctor  Garcelon."  He  was  born  in 
Lewiston,  on  the  ancestral  farm  in  the  central  part  of  the  town.  May  6,  1813. 
His  father,  Colonel  William  Garcelon,  was  a  prominent  citizen,  and  his  mother, 
Mary  (Davis)  Garcelon,  was  a  grand-daughter  of  the  old-time  Quaker  surveyor 
and  land-owner,  Amos  Davis,  and  daughter  of  David  Davis.  Dr  Garcelon  was 
trained  to  practical  agriculture  on  tlie  extensive  farm  of  his  father,  with  the 
advantages  of  the  town  schools,  and  an  occasional  term  at  private  grammar 
schools  until  1829,  when  his  higher  education  began  at  Moiimouth  Academy, 
where  he  studied  18  months.  He  then  was  at  Waterville  Academy  for  two 
terms,  taught  a  school  in  Waterville,  in  the  district  where  resided  the  autlior  of 
Kenney's  arithmetic,  the  winter  term  of  1831-2,  attended  Newcastle  Academy' 
the  next  spring,  and  entered  Bowdoin  College  in  the  fall  of  1832,  graduating 
in  1836.  During  his  college  course  he  taught  winter  schools,  and  went  to 
Alfred  in  the  fall  of  1836  as  principal  of  Alfred  Academy.  After  three  terms 
of  success  he  relinquished  teaching,  to  become  a  medical  student.  Passing  a 
few  months  in  the  office  of  Dr  Abiel  Hall,  he  entered  Dartmouth  College, 
and  also  placed  himself  as  a  private  student  of  the  distinguished  surgeon,  Dr 
Muzzey.  In  1838  Dr  Muzzey  was  elected  professor  of  surgery  in  tlie  Medical 
College  of  Ohio  at  Cincinnati,  and  at  his  request  Mr  Garcelon  went  witli  him. 
The  best  opportunities  foi-  instruction  were  now  afforded  the  student,  among 
others  that  of  attending  a  large  hospital  where  numerous  surgical  operations 
were  performed.  He  graduated  as  M.D.,  in  March,  1839,  but  remained  in  the 
hospital  until  October.  Returning  to  Lewiston  he  began  practice,  and  by  a 
strange  combination  of  circumstances  leaped  at  once  into  prominence  and 
extensive  practice.  From  that  time  he  has  enjoyed  a  successful  career  as  a 
[)hysician  and  surgeon.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Maine  Medical 
Societjs  one  of  the  charter  members,  and  a  president  of  the  Androscoggin 
County  Medical  Association,  and  has  been  honored  with  many  responsible 
positions  in  medical  bodies.     He  was  a  hospital  surgeon  in  the  Civil  War. 

Always  public  spirited  and  positive  in  his  thoughts  and  their  expression, 
his  attenqjts  to  improve   Lewiston   have  been   unceasing.      He  was  one  of  the 


City  of  Lewiston.  421 


few  who  struggled  to  establish  manufacturing,  and  built  the  first  mill  —  the 
Lincoln.  The  next  step  toward  development  was  good  roads  and  more  of 
them.  He  originated  a  central  highway  for  the  section  east  of  Lewiston,  and 
after  several  years  of  opposition,  Sabatis  street  was  laid  out  in  1846.  With 
two  or  three  other  far-sighted  men  he  fought  the  battle  with  conservatism, 
and  next  the  -Switzerland  road,  College  street,  and  Lisbon  street  were  located. 
Then  the  railroad  question  came  up.  Dr  Garcelon  was  one  of  the  first  to  give 
personal  attention  to  get,  first,  the  Grand  Trunk  located  to  Danville  Junction, 
next  the  Maine  Central,  and  then  the  Androscoggin  railroad.  In  gaining 
these  Lewiston  gained,  but  the  active  workers  sacrificed  time  and  money. 
The  growing  town  demanded  a  newspaper  to  voice  its  needs  and  advantages. 
Dr  Garcelon  proposed  to  his  brother-indaw,  W.  H.  Waldron,  to  furnish  the 
capital  for  one  if  he  would  conduct  it.  Mr  Waldron  accepted  this  offer  and 
the  Leiviston  'Journal  was  established.  The  idea  of  adding  to  the  importance 
of  Lewiston  by  making  it  the  center  of  a  new  county  originated  with  Dr 
Garcelon  and  the  battle  for  this  was  begun,  ending  with  success  after  a  pro- 
longed contest.  During  each  session  of  the  legislature  while  this  was  in 
agitation  Dr  Garcelon  and  his  map  of  the  towns  was  a  conspicuous  figure  at 
Augusta.  The  next  important  step  was  the  securing  of  Maine  State  Seminary 
for  Lewiston.  Dr  Garcelon  was  one  of  the  most  persistent  and  generous 
workers  in  accomplishing  it.  In  doing  this  he  and  nine  others  became  owners 
of  the  first  site  selected.  This  they  laid  out  as  Riverside  Cemetery.  It  was 
through  his  forceful  energy  that  tlie  Lewiston  &  Auburn  Railroad  was  built. 

Dr  Garcelon  was  of  Whig  ancestry,  but  while  in  college  found  himself  in 
unison  with  Andrew  Jackson's  stand  against  nullification,  and  cast  his  first 
votes  for  Jackson  men.  He  soon  became  a  Free-soiler,  and  during  the  Civil 
War  was  a  Republican.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  in  line  with  the 
Democratic  party  on  leading  questions,  and  was  strongly  opposed  to  the 
Republican  action  in  attempting  to  impeach  President  Johnson,  and  in  the 
reconstruction  measures.  He  had  always  been  active  in  politics,  was  repre- 
sentative from  Lewiston  in  1853  and  1857,  and  was  in  the  state  senate  of  1855. 
He  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  member  of  Congress  in  1868  and  did 
good  work  as  an  educator,  but  the  district  was  so  strongly  Republican  as  to 
preclude  from  the  first  all  hope  of  an  election.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Lewiston  in  1871,  the  first  Democrat  to  hold  the  position.  He  received  the 
Democratic  nomination  for  governor  in  1878.  There  was  no  choice  by  the 
people  and  he  was  chosen  by  the  legislature  and  served  in  1879.  He  has  ever 
been  prominent  in  the  councils  of  his  party,  was  a  delegate  to  the  first 
Republican  national  convention,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national 
convention  at  St  Louis.  Of  quick  decision  and  great  rapidity  of  action,  Dr 
Garcelon  will  always  make  his  presence  felt.  Those  who  know  him  best  speak 
highest  of  his  social  nature,  generous  kindliness,  and  other  qualities  that  give 


422  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


him  unbounded  popularity.  As  a  citizen  he  stands  in  the  front  rank.  At  the 
age  of  nearly  fourscore  years,  his  eye  is  undimnied,  his  physical  and  mental 
vigor  well  sustained,  and  his  chief  delight  is  driving  one  of  his  blooded  horses 
20  or  30  miles  a  day  on  a  professional  trip.  Dr  Garcelon  married,  first,  Ann 
Augusta,  daughter  of  Job  Philpot,  of  Somersworth,  N.  H.  She  died  in 
December,  1857.  Their  surviving  children  are  Charles  A.  (general  superin- 
tendent of  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company,  with  offices  at  Chicago,  111.), 
Ellen  E.,  Alonzo  M.  (a  physician  of  Lewiston),  Edward  L.  (of  Warren, 
Mass.).  January  13,  1859,  he  married  Olivia  N.,  daughter  of  Captain  Archi- 
bald Spear,  of  Rockland,  (now  deceased).  Their  daughter,  Edith  S.  (Mrs 
Frank  C.  Dennis),  resides  in  Kansas  City. 

HON.  NELSON  DINGLEY,  JR.,  A.M.,  LL.D. 

Hon.  NeUon  Din(/Iei/,  J)\^  the  eldest  son  of  Nelson  and  Jane  L.  Dingley, 
was  born  in  Durham,  Me,  February  15,  1832.  Beginning  life  with  only  their 
stout  hands  and  brave  hearts  as  capital,  his  parents  removed  the  next  year  to 
Parkman,  Piscataquis  county,  where  they  lived  on  a  farm  for  a  short  time,  and 
then  took  charge  of  the  village  tavern,  with  which  a  store  was  connected.  In 
1838  they  removed  to  Unity,  Waldo  county,  where  his  father  was  engaged  in 
trade  for  several  years  and  was  highly  respected  by  his  fellow-citizens,  being 
frequently  elected  one  of  the  selectmen  of  the  town,  and  once  representing  the 
county  in  the  state  senate,  notwithstanding  he  was  a  Whig,  and  his  town  and 
county  Democratic.  The  son  was  distinguished  in  the  village  school  for  his 
studious  habits  and  good  scholarship.  In  vacations  he  aided  his  father  in  the 
store  and  on  a  farm  which  the  latter  owned.  When  he  was  12  years  of  age  he 
attended  a  high  school  kept  in  another  part  of  the  town,  walking  three  miles 
every  morning  and  night,  and  carrying  his  dinner  with  him.  At  the  age  of  16 
he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  a  section  of  Cadets  of  Temperance  in  the 
village  where  he  resided,  which  proved  a  very  efficient  temperance  educator  in 
the  neighborhood.  In  this  organization  he  engaged  in  debates,  and  exhibited 
that  deep  interest  in  temperance  which  has  distinguished  his  maturer  life.  At 
17  he  successfully  taught  a  winter  school  in  the  town  of  China,  14  miles  from 
his  home,  and  continued  to  teach  every  winter  but  one  for  the  next  five  years. 
In  1850,  at  the  age  of  18,  he  became  a  student  at  Waterville  Academy,  of 
which  the  well-known  Professor  J.  H.  Hanson  was  principal,  and  there  com- 
pleted his  preparation  for  college,  entering  Waterville  College  (now  Colby 
University)  in  1851,  and  remained  there  a  year  and  a  half,  and  then  became 
a  student  at  Dartmouth  College,  at  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1855, 
with  high  rank  as  a  scholar,  debater,  and  writer.  After  leaving  college  Mr 
Dingley  studied  law  for  one  year  with  Morrill  &  Fessenden,  at  Auburn,  to 

'From  p.  C.  Headley's  "Public  Men  of  To-Day." 


City  of  Lewiston.  423 


which  city  his  ^JfU'ents  had  removed  while  he  was  in  college.  In  1856  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  but  instead  of  entering  u[)on  the  [)ractice  of  law  he  decided 
to  become  a  journalist,  for  which  profession  he  had  always  manifested  a 
decided  taste,  having  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  local  press,  both 
during  and  after  his  collegiate  course.  In  September,  185(),  he  purchased  one- 
half  of  the  Lcwiston  Journal,,  of  which  he  had  been  practically  the  editor  while 
studying  law;  and  a  year  later  he  became  sole  proprietor  and  editor.  The 
Journal,  with  a  daily  edition  added  in  1801,  at  which  time  his  younger  brother, 
Frank  L.,  became  associated  with  him,  rapidly  increased  in  circulation  and 
influence  under  his  management,  and  soon  became  the  most  widely  circulated 
and  most  influential  political  newspaper  in  Maine  —  distinguished  not  only  for 
its  able  and  candid  advocacy  of  Republican  princi})les,  but  also  for  its  decided 
temperance  and  moral  tone. 

Mr  Dingley's  active  political  career  commenced  at  the  same  time  with  his 
journalistic  life,  although  from  a  boy  he  had  taken  great  interest  in  [)olitical 
questions.  His  first  vote  was  cast  in  1854  for  Hon.  Anson  P.  Morrill,  the 
anti-slavery  and  temperance  candidate  for  governor,  a  political  combination 
from  which  arose  the  Republican  party  of,  Maine  during  the  following  winter. 
He  threw  himself  into  the  Fremont  Campaign  in  1856,  with  all  the  ardor  of 
youth  and  ability  of  age,  writing  editorials  for  his  pa[)er  in  the  day-time  and 
s[)eaking  in  behalf  of  the  Republican  cause  in  the  school-houses  of  adjoining 
towns  in  the  evening;  and  although  only  24  years  of  age  he  was  recognized  at 
once,  not  only  as  a  young  man  of  high  promise,  but  as  already  a  valuable 
advocate  of  the  Republican  cause.  In  1801,  at  the  age  of  29,  he  was  elected 
representative  to  the  state  legislature  from  Auburn,  in  which  body  he  at  once 
took  high  rank;  was  re-elected  in  1862,  and  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  at 
the  session  of  1863.  In  1863  he  removed  to  Lewiston,  and  a  few  months  after 
was  elected  to  the  legislature  from  that  city;  and  at  the  o[)ening  of  the 
legislative  session  of  1864  was  unanimously  re-elected  Speaker,  the  duties  of 
which  position  he  had  discharged  with  great  ability  and  success.  At  the  state 
election  of  1864  he  was  elected  to  the  House  a  fourth  time,  and  at  the  session 
of  1865  was  again  tendered  the  position  of  Speaker,  which  he  declined, 
[)referring  to  take  his  place  on  the  floor,  in  which  position  he  was  the  recog- 
nized leader  of  the  Republicans  of  the  House.  He  was  also  a  representative 
to  the  legislature  from  Lewiston  in  1868  and  1873.  During  his  six  terms  in 
the  state  legislatui-e  he  took  an  active  and  leading  [)art  in  the  debates  and 
business,  serving  on  the  committees  on  Judiciary,  Education,  Railroads,  and 
Federal  Relations;  framing,  advocating,  and  carrying  through  im2)ortant 
legislation,  including  laws  to  enable  Maine  to  fill  her  quotas  in  the  Union 
army,  to  aid  soldiers'  families,  to  establish  a  system  of  free  high  schools,  and  a 
general  railroad  law.  His  speeches  were  always  brief,  logical',  and  effective  — 
never  made  for  display,  but  simply  to  carry  the  measure  in  hand.     A  brief,  but 


424  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

earnest  and  eloquent  speech  made  at  the  session  of  1865,  in  advocacy  of  the 
resohition  to  ratify  the  constitutional  amendment  abolishing  slavery,  was 
regarded  at  the  time  by  those  who  heard  it  as  one  of  the  most  effective  ever 
made  in  the  state  house.  During  the  dozen  years  from  18(31  to  1873,  when 
Mr  Dingley  was  taking  so  conspicuous  a  part  in  the  state  legislature  and  state 
politics,  he  participated  in  every  political  campaign,  delivered  numerous 
addresses  before  educational,  temperance,  and  religious  conventions,  and  many 
lectures  before  lyceums.  In  1867-8  he  was  at  the  head  of  the  State  Lodge  of 
Good  Templars,  an  important  temperance  organization,  and  regarded  an 
acknowledged  leader  in  the  temperance  and  prohibitory  movement  in  Maine. 
In  1873  Mr  Dingley  was  nominated  as  the  Republican  candidate  for 
governor  of  Maine  by  a  vote  of  two  to  one  against  two  popular  opponents,  and 
was  elected  by  about  10,000  majority.  In  1874  he  was  re-elected  by  over 
11,000  majority,  declining  a  third  nomination  in  1875.  His  services  in  the 
gubernatorial  chair  in  the  promotion  of  economy,  the  equalization  of  taxation, 
and  in  securing  a  revision  of  the  state  constitution,  were  so  valuable  and 
acceptable  as  to  win  the  approbation  of  even  his  political  opponents.  He  was 
one  of  the  delegates-at-large  from  Maine  to  the  Republican  National  Conven- 
tion in  1876,  and  served  on  the  committee  on  resolutions,  and  was  one  of  the 
sub-committee  of  five  who  drafted  the  platform.  He  actively  participated  in 
the  presidential  campaign  of  1876,  and  in  the  state  campaigns  of  1877-8-9  was 
regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest  speakers  and  writers  in  the  state  on  the  financial 
issues  raised  by  the  Greenbackers.  In  1879-80  he  was  chairman  of  the  Repub- 
lican executive  committee  appointed  to  prevent  the  success  of  the  Democratic- 
Greenback  attempt  to  count  out  the  Republican  legislative  majority,  and  in 
that  capacity  did  good  service.  In  the  presidential  election  of  1880  he  labored 
effectively  for  the  Republican  cause,  both  in  his  paper  and  on  the  platform. 
In  1881  he  was  elected  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Second  Congressional  District 
to  fill  the  vacancy  in  Congress  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Hon.  William  P. 
Frye,  receiving  a  majority  of  5,124,  nearly  twice  as  large  as  was  ever  before 
given  to  any  candidate  in  that  district,  and  took  his  seat  in  the  House  at  the 
opening  of  the  first  session  of  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  in  December,  1881. 
His  first  speech  in  Congress  was  made  April  25,  1882,  on  "  Protection  to 
American  Shipping,"  the  House  being  in  committee  of  the  whole  on  the  bill  to 
create  a  tariff  commission.  This  speech  was  listened  to  with  unusual  attention, 
and  was  pronounced  by  the  Washinyton  Star  "a  speech  of  much  ability  and 
force,  giving  promise  of  a  successful  career  in  Congress,"  and  by  the  Wash- 
ington correspondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune  "one  of  the  best  speeches  ever 
made  by  a  new  member."  May  17,  1882,  Mr  Dingley  spoke  in  the  House  on 
the  bill  to  extend  the  corporate  existence  of  national  banks.  His  speech  was 
regarded  as  so  able  and  satisfactory  a  discussion  of  the  national  banking 
system,  that  it  was  reprinted  by  the  Republican  congressional  committee  and 


City  of  Lewiston.  425 


widely  circulated  as  a  campaign  document.  Under  a  joint  resolution  intro- 
duced into  the  House  by  Mr  Dingley  and  passed  August  7,  1882,  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  a  joint  committee  to  investigate  the  condition  and 
wants  of  American  ship-building  and  ship-owning  interests.  This  committee, 
of  which  Senators  Conger  of  Michigan,  Miller  of  New  York,  and  Vest  of 
Missouri,  and  Congressmen  Cox  of  New  York,  Robeson  of  N6w  Jersey,  McLane 
of  Maryland,  and  Page  of  California,  were  members,  met  in  New  York  City, 
November  15,  1882,  and  heard  the  testimony  of  a  large  number  of  gentlemen 
interested  in  shipping.  The  report  of  the  committee  was  drawn  up  by  Mr 
Dingley  and  unanimously  agreed  to  by  the  committee.  The  report  was 
regarded  as  a  very  able  and  valuable  docuiuent.  The  committee  reported  a 
bill  to  remove  certain  burdens  on  American  shipping,  framed  by  Mr  Dingley 
which  subsequently  became  a  law.  While  this  bill  was  under  consideration 
ill  the  House,  January  6,  1883,  Mr  Dingley  made  a  speech  on  the  "Revival  of 
American  Shipping,"  in  re[)ly  to  Congressman  Cox,  which  placed  him  at  once 
in  the  front  rank  of  Congressmen,  and  gave  him  a  national  reputation.  As 
this  was  the  first  step  that  had  been  taken  by  Congress  for  half  a  century  to 
encourage  American  shi[)[)ing,  the  measure  attracted  much  attention,  and  gave 
Mr  Dingley  a  merited  rei)Utation  as  the  leading  friend  of  the  American 
mei'chant  marine  in  Congress. 

Mr  Dingley  was  re-elected  to  the  48th,  40th,  50th,  51st,  and  52d  Congresses 
by  large  majorities,  having  been  nominated  by  acclamation  each  time  by  the 
Republicans  of  the  Second  Congressional  District  of  Maine,  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Androscoggin,  Franklin,  Knox,  Lincoln,  Oxford,  and  Sagadahoc. 
During  his  long  term  of  service  in  Congress,  Mr  Dingley  has  been  one  of  the 
nujst  prominent  Republican  leaders,  taking  a  leading  part  in  tariff,  financial, 
and  shipping  legislation,  and  recognized  as  an  authority  on  all  these  subjects. 
Among  the  public  measures  which  he  has  originated  and  successfully  carried 
tiirough  are  the  Shipping  Acts  of  1884  and  188(>,  the  Act  creating  the  Bureau 
of  Navigation  in  the  Treasury  Department,  the  Worsted  Classification  Act, 
and  many  other  important  measures.  He  has  served  on  the  Committee  on 
Baidving  and  Currency,  Merchant  Marine  and  Fisheries  (which  committee  was 
created  on  his  motion).  Alcoholic  Liquor  Traffic,  and  Ways  and  Means.  In 
the  first  session  of  the  51st  Congress,  he  took  a  very  prominent  part,  as  a 
member  of  the  latter  committee,  in  framing  the  McKinley  tariff,  which  became 
a  law  October  1,  1890,  and  went  into  effect  five  days  later.  Mr  Dingley  never 
speaks  in  the  House  unless  he  has  something  to.  say  which  will  shed  light  on 
the  question  under  consideration,  and  for  this  reason  he  always  obtains  an 
attentive  hearing,  and  exerts  a  marked  influence  on  both  sides.  His  speeches 
on  the  "  Shipping  Question,"  January  6, 1883,  March  11,  1884,  and  January  7, 
1891;  on  "American  Steamships  for  American  Mails,"  February  10,  1885, 
March  30,  1886,  and  July  13,  1888;   against  the  "Free  Ship"  bill,  May  22, 


426  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

188(5;  oil  the  "Labor  Arbitration"  bill,  April  2,  1886;  on  the  Tariff,  April  29, 
1884,  May  3,  and  July  21,  1888,  and  May  22,  1890,  and  on  the  currency  ques- 
tion, at  various  times,  were  all  re-printed  and  widely  circulated  by  Repub- 
lican committees,  and  everywhere  regarded  as  among  the  ablest  presentations 
of  these  subjects  ever  made  in  Congress. 

In  addition  to  his  important  and  successful  work  in  Congress,  and  his 
speeches  in  every  political  campaign  not  only  in  Maine,  but  in  many  other 
states,  Mr  Dingley  has  found  time  to  write  many  editorial  articles  for  his  paper 
(the  Letviston  Journal^,  and  to  make  many  temperance  addresses  —  serving 
as  president  of  the  Congressional  Temperance  Society  for  many  years,  and  to 
deliver  many  other  addresses.  Among  these  was  an  address  on  the  "  Fishery 
Question  "  before  the  Boston  Merchants'  Club,  March  10,  1887 ;  one  on  the 
"  Shipping  Question  "  before  tlie  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce,  January  31, 
1889;  one  on  the  "Tariff  Question  "  before  the  Home  Market  Club  at  Boston, 
May  31, 1890;  and  the  oration  at  the  centennial  of  his  native  town  (Durham), 
August  21,  1889.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.,  in  course,  from  his  alma 
mater  (Dartmouth  College)  in  1858,  and  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Bates  College  in  1874. 

Mr  Dingley  married  Miss  Salome  McKenney,  daughter  of  a  merchant  of 
Auburn,  in  1857.  Six  children — five  sons  and  one  daughter — have  been  the 
fruit  of  this  union.  Four  of  the  sons  and  the  daughter  (the  youngest)  are 
now  (1891)  living. 

OREN    B.    CHENEY,    D.D. 

"The  Cheney  genealogy  is  traced  from  England  to  Roxbury  (Boston 
Highlands),  Mass.,  and  from  Roxbury  to  Newburyport,  some  of  the  family 
being  there  as  early  as  1680.  Deacon  Elias  Cheney,  born  in  old  Newbury, 
February  20,  1741,  settled  quite  early  in  life  in  Thornton,  N.  H.,  and  died 
there  in  1805,  at  the  age  of  86.  Deacon  Elias  Chene3s  son  of  the  above,  and 
father  of  Deacon  Moses  Cheney,  also  lived  and  died  in  Tliornton.  The  latter 
died  in  Ashland,  July  17, 1875,  aged  82  years  and  five  months."  Deacon  Moses 
Cheney  was  the  first  of  the  name  to  engage  in  the  manufacture  of  paper. 
This  was  in  one  of  the  first  three  or  four  mills  built  in  the  state  and  located 
at  Holderness  village  (now  Ashland),  and  when  most  of  the  paper  was  made 
by  hand.  Losing  his  father  at  the  age  of  12,  it  was  but  a  few  years  after  that 
he  commenced  to  learn  this  trade,  engaging  in  the  business  of  manufacturing 
when  very  young,  and  ever  afterwards  continuing  in  it.  Deacon  Cheney  was 
a  highly  respected  man,  and  held  many  town  offices.  One  of  his  sons.  Person 
C,  has  been  governor  of  New  Hampshire,  and  U.  S.  Senator. 

Oren  Burhank  Chenvy^  i>.i>.,  son  of  Deacon  Moses  and  Abigail  (Morrison) 
Cheney,  was  born  in  Holderness  (Ashland),  N.  H.,  December  10, 1816.     When 


City  of  Lewiston.  427 


a  lad  Oren  worked  in  his  father's  paper  mill  to  obtain  the  practical  knowledge 
necessary  to  enable  him  to  follow  the  business.  But  man  proposes,  God 
disposes.  When  Oren  was  13  years  old,  an  injury  to  one  of  his  thumbs 
prevented  his  working  for  a  time  and  he  was  sent  to  school  at  the  New 
Hampton  Academical  and  Theological  Institute.  Here  a  new  world  dawned 
upon  him.  He  saw  Long  John  Wentworth  pass  through  the  village  on  his 
wa}^  to  Sandwich  and  Hanover,  and  learned  that  he  was  a  student  at  Dart- 
mouth College.  College  life  was  thus  brought  to  his  attention.  Here,  also, 
Hosea  Quinby,  one  of  his  teachers,  was  very  much  interested  in  him,  and 
awoke  in  him  a  desire  for  education.  In  September,  1832,  Rev.  Dr  Quinby 
established  the  first  school  of  the  Freewill  Baptist  denomination  at  North 
Parsonsfield,  Me,  and  (^ren  was  in  attendance  on  the  day  of  opening,  as  one  of 
the  first  scholars  of  the  first  school  of  that  church  to  whose  educational 
interests  his  subsequent  life  has  been  devoted.  The  classes  in  Latin  had  such 
a  charm  for  him  that  he  would  listen  to  the  recitations  day  after  day,  and  here 
he  made  his  determination  to  go  to  college.  In  1833  he  began  his  preparatory 
course  at  New  Hampton,  and  in  1835  he  entered  Dartmouth  College,  where  he 
was  graduated  in  1839,  and  walked  home  to  Holderness.  The  Lord  was 
steadily  preparing  him  for  his  life-work.  While  at  home  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Dr  Simeon  Dana,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Freewill  Baptist  church. 
In  the  fall  of  1839  Mr  Cheney  came  to  Farmington,  Me,  as  principal  of  the 
academy,  and  while  here  he  married  Caroline  A.  Rundlett.  From  1841 
to  1843  he  was  principal,  first  of  StraiTord  (N.  H.)  Academy  and  later  of 
Greenland  (N.  H.)  Academy.  While  at  Greenland  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Portsmouth  church.  In  1843  he  went  to  North  Parsonsfield,  Me,  as 
principal  of  the  Free  Baptist  Seminary.  He  also  preached;  one-half  the  time 
at  North  Parsonsfield  and  the  other  half  at  Effingham  Hill,  N.  H.,  where  he 
was  ordained  in  1844.  In  1845  he  went  to  Whitestown,  N.  Y.,  to  study 
theology  in  the  Biblical  School,  and  to  teach  Latin  in  the  Seminary.  This 
course  was  unfinished,  owing  to  the  illness  of  his  wife,  who  died  June  13, 
1846,  in  Stratham,  N.  H.  (Their  son,  Horace  R.,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin 
College  and  Harvard  Law  School,  was  a  lawyer  in  Boston.  He  died  December 
13,  1876.)  In  August,  1846,  he  settled  in  West  Lebanon,  Me,  where  he 
preached  one-half  of  the  year.  He  married,  August,  1847,  Nancy  S.,  daughter 
of  Rev.  Thomas  Perkins.  Their  children  are  Mrs  Caroline  A.  Swan  and  Mrs 
Emeline  R.  Boothby.  Mrs  Cheney  died  February  21,  1886.  He  was  a 
pronounced  Abolitionist,  and  was  elected  representative  for  1851-2  by  the 
Whigs  and  Free-soilers.  While  in  the  legislature  he  voted  for  the  original 
prohibitory  law  of  the  state,  and  secured  a  state  appropriation  of  funds  for 
West  Lebanon  Academy,  which  he  had  founded.  In  1852  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Free  Ba[)tist  church  of  Augusta,  and  in  1854  Parsonsfield  Seminary 
was  burned. 


428  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 

Dr  Cheney  now  felt  that  the  time  had  come  to  establish  a  Free  Baptist 
school  of  high  grade  in  a  central  location  of  the  state  and  that  it  was  his  duty 
to  devote  himself  to  the  accomplishment  of  this  purpose.  Through  his  efforts 
a  charter  for  Maine  State  Seminary  was  obtained  March  16,  1855,  and  he  was 
made  principal  and  treasurer.  The  charter  gave  the  trustees  the  right  to 
locate  the  school,  and  at  a  meeting  at  Vienna,  held  in  connection  with  the 
Maine  Central  Yearly  Meeting,  after  three  days'  debate,  it  was  voted  to 
locate  it  in  Lewiston.  The  esteem  in  which  Dr  Cheney's  parishioners  at 
Augusta  held  him  was  such  that  it  was  only  after  two  resignations  that  he  wa.s 
released  from  his  pastorate.  In  1857  he  came  to  Lewiston,  and  in  September 
opened  Maine  State  Seminary.  Dr  Cheney  received  his  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1865.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
twelve  General  Conferences,  and  has  been  three  times  moderator  of  that  body, 
and  has  ever  occupied  a  prominent  position  on  the  conference  board.  He  has 
been  a  national  delegate  of  his  denomination  to  the  meeting  of  General  Baptists 
in  England ;  recording  secretary  of  the  Foreign  Mission,  and  Home  Mission 
Societies;  jn-esident  of  the  Educational  and  Anti-Slavery  Societies,  and  is  now 
president  of  the  Free  Baptist  Foreign  Society.  Of  good  Anglo-Saxon  stock  on 
his  paternal  side,  Dr  Cheney  inherited  from  liis  mother  the  characteristics  of 
her  Scotch-Irish  ancestry  —  industry,  perseverance,  self-reliance,  and  independ- 
ence of  thought  and  action,  dominated  by  deep  religious  principles.  So  we 
find  him  ever  independent,  fearless,  tenacious  of  his  convictions,  and  masterful 
in  impressing  them  upon  others.  He  has  been  a  leader,  persistent  in  carrying 
his  well-formed  plans  into  execution.  He  was  by  nature  the  very  man  to 
encounter  and  surmount  the  discouragements  that  were  met  in  the  establish- 
ment of  Bates  College.  Opposition  but  spurred  hini  to  effort,  and  his  courage 
and  faith  raised  up  powerful  coadjutors.  From  the  time  when  as  a  college 
student  he  successfully  resisted  a  prominent  man  in  tlie  district  where  he  was 
teaching,  who  did  not  approve  of  prayers  in  scliool  and  was  determined  that 
they  should  be  discontinued,  until  the  present  he  has  persisted  in  what  he 
thought  was  right  and  demonstrated  his  qualities  as  a  Christian  educator  and  a 
far-seeing  and  efficient  man  of  affairs.  Everywhere,  in  every  age,  in  every 
department  of  life,  we  find  that  success  springs  from  the  energy  of  tlie  man, 
and  as  there  is  an  inspiration  to  others  in  the  achievements  of  such  men,  we 
place  this  record  tliat  its  influence  may  descend  with  hel|)ful  strength  to  other 
men  and  other  generations. 

benjamin    EDWARD    BATES. 

Benjamin  E.  Bates  was  never  a  resident  of  Lewiston,  but  his  business 
ability,  Christian  philanthropy,  and  unbounded  benevolence  will  cause  his 
memory  to  be  ever  cherished.  He  was  born  in  Mansfield,  Mass.,  July  12, 1808, 
and  was  descended  from  i)rominent  families  of  Plymouth  Colony.     His  father. 


iJLj-^^d^ 


City  of  Lewiston.  429 


Major  Elkanah  Bates,  was  a  merchant  and  deacon  of  the  Congregational 
church,  and  Benjamin  was  early  familiar  with  the  details  of  business  operations 
and  developed  a  sterling  Christian  character.  Going  to  Boston  when  21  he 
soon  became  member  of  the  mercantile  firm  of  B.  F.  Loring  &  Co.,  which 
became  in  turn  Davis  &  Bates,  Davis,  Bates  &  Turner,  and  Bates,  Turner  & 
Co.  These  different  houses  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  the  eminent  firms  of 
the  city.  The  firm  of  Bates,  Turner  &  Co.  was  dissolved  in  1847  and  the 
same  year  Mr  Bates  became  interested  in  Lewiston  and  its  capabilities  for 
manufacturing.  He  worked  incessantly,  sparing  no  pains,  and  finally  became 
personally  responsible  for  the  payment  of  many  subscriptions  of  stock  in 
Lewiston  corporations  from  those  who  proved  unable  to  meet  the  payment. 
In  four  years'  time  11,000,000  was  profitably  expended,  two  corporations 
started  (one  bearing  his  name),  and  the  first  mill  of  each  in  successful  opera- 
tion. He  took  $13,000  stock  of  the  125,000  capital  in  the  first  bank  of  the 
city,  and  did  more  in  building  up  the  solid  wealth  of  the  city  than  any  or  all 
residents  of  the  place.  In  January,  1862,  he  made  his  first  subscription  to  the 
scliool  now  Bates  College.  It  was  $6,000,  with  the  condition  that  the  State 
Agricultural  College  should  be  located  here.  This  was  not  done,  however, 
and  he  substituted  a  pledge  of  $25,000  on  other  conditions,  which  were  met 
and  the  pledge  redeemed.  Jvdy  11,  1868,  his  second  subscription  of  $75,000 
was  made  and  later  paid.  His  third  subscription  was  made  February  21, 1873, 
for  $100,000,  on  condition  that  an  equal  sum  should  be  raised  within  five 
years.  These  conditions  were  supposed  to  have  been  met  38  days  after  his 
death,  January  14,  1878.  The  subsequent  litigation  and  decision  against  the 
right  of  the  college  to  this  money  does  not  affect  his  generosity.  He  was  a 
man  of  vast  comprehension  of  life,  of  great  business  capacities,  and,  while  the 
busiest  of  workers,  yet  he  always  had  time  to  relieve  distress,  and  to  do  able 
work  for  Christian  philanthropies.  By  his  own  efforts  he  became  the  pride  of 
business  circles,  the  founder  of  gigantic  industries,  the  patron  of  learning,  and 
an  honorable  pillar  of  his  cliurch. 

HON.  J.  L.  H.  COBB. 

An  old  Kentish  family  of  goodly  estate  was  represented  in  the  early 
Plymouth  Colony  by  a  young  man,  Henry  Cobb,'  who  was  one  of  the  nine  men 
known  as  "  Men  of  Kent,"  that  settled  in  Scituate,  where  they  gave  the  name 
to  the  first  located  street  —  Kent  street.  He  was  at  Plymouth  in  1629;  his 
name  is  on  the  first  list  of  freemen  made  in  1633  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Court.  In  1634  he  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Scituate,  a  member  and 
deacon  of  the  Congregational  church.  In  1639,  with  his  pastor.  Rev.  John 
Lothrop,  and  the  most  of  the  church,  he  removed  to  Mattakeese  (Barnstable), 
where  in  1670  he  was  ordained  "ruling  elder."  Here  he  was  a  town  officer,  a 
member  of  important  committees,  and  deputy  to  the  Colony  Court  in  1645, 


430  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

1647,  1652,  1659,  1660,  1661.  He  died  in  1679.  His  first  wife  was  Patience 
Hurst,  whom  he  married  in  Plymouth  in  1631.  John  Cobb,^  eldest  child  of 
Henry  and  Patience  (Hurst)  Cobb,  was  born  in  Plymouth,  June  7,  1632, 
married  Martha  Nelson,  and  settled  in  his  native  town,  where  he  died  in 
1715.  His  descendants  are  among  the  leading  citizens  of  Plymouth  to-day, 
Ebenezer,^  third  child  of  John  and  Martha,  married  first  Mercy  Holmes.  Their 
oldest  child  was  Ebenezer,*  of  whom  Thomas  B.  Drew,  the  historian  of 
Kingston,  Mass.,  says:  "Died  December  8,  1801,  Mr  Ebenezer  Cobb,  in  the 
108th  year  of  his  age.  As  he  was  born  in  1694,  his  life  embraced  six  years  of 
the  17th  century,  the  whole  of  the  18th,  and  one  year  of  the  19th.  As  he  was 
five  years  of  age  before  Mary  (Allerton)  Cushman,  the  last  survivor  of  the 
Mayflower  company,  died,  it  makes  him  the  link  that  connects  the  Pilgrims 
with  the  present  generation.  Persons  are  now  living  (1884)  who  recollect 
Mr  Cobb."  He  was  born  March  22,  1694,  was  thrice  married,  lived  107  years, 
8  months,  6  days,  and  was  buried  in  the  old  grave-yard  at  Kingston,  where  a 
quaint  inscription  is  inscribed  upon  his  tombstone.  His  first  wife  was  Ruth 
Tinkham,  whom  he  married  in  October,  1722.  Ebenezer,''  their  first  child,  was 
born  March  4,  1724,  married  Jerusha  Cushman  in  1747,  and  settled  in  Kingston 
at  Rocky  Nook,  where  he  died  in  1782.  His  wife  died  in  Plymouth  in  1814. 
Zenas"  was  their  fifteenth  child.  He  was  born  February  2,  1772,  and  married 
Dorcas  Rowe,  April  24,  1794,  in  New  Gloucester.  The  eldest  son  of  this 
union  was  Zenas,'^  born  July  7,  1795.  For  his  first  wife  he  married  Charlotte, 
danghter  of  Jonathan  Lovett  Haskell,  of  New  Gloucester,  July  12,  1818,  and 
settled  in  Poland,  becoming  a  lumberman  and  farmer.  Zenas  Cobb  and  wife 
possessed  that  character  of  plain,  unostentatious  industry,  integrity,  and 
morality  that  is  the  moving  force  of  the  better  elements  of  the  American 
civilization  of  to-day.  Whig  and  Republican  in  politics.  Congregational  in 
religion,  their  New  England  ideas  were  conveyed  to  their  children  in  an 
extremely  valuable  education  at  the  family  fireside  and  among  daily  duties. 
Mrs  Cobb  was  a  most  devoted  Christian,  charitable  in  every  good  work,  and 
her  influence  was  mighty  in  the  formation  of  her  children's  character.  They 
had  thirteen  children ;  Mary  Ann  (married  Lebbeus  Stockbridge),  Reuel, 
Luther  D.,  of  East  Poland,  Jonathan  L.  H.,  Persis  (married  She])herd  Trickey), 
Dorcas  R.,  William  H.  and  Harriet  (Mrs  David  Everett),  (twins),  Thomas  S., 
Joseph  F.,  Benjamin  F.,  of  East  Poland.  Mr  Cobb  died  February  6,  1871, 
aged  76.     Mrs  Cobb  died  February  25,  1864,  aged  70. 

Jonathan  Lovett  Haskell  CohJ>, "  son  of  Zenas  and  Charlotte  (Haskell) 
Cobb,  was  born  in  Poland,  Me,  August  5,  1824.  He  had  the  wholesome  life 
of  the  farm  during  his  minority,  having  and  applying  the  educational  advan- 
tages of  the  district  school,  and  taught  six  winters  in  Poland  and  Gray,  making 
a  good  record  as  an  instructor.  In  1845  he  entered  a  cotton  manufactory  at 
Saco  as  laborer  in  the  dressing  and  weaving  department,  receiving  60  cents 


City  of  Lewiston.  431 


per  day.  While  here,  December  10,  1848,  he  married  Abigail  L.  P.  Morrell, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Mary  (Hall)  Morrell,  of  Poland.  By  attention  and 
application  Mr  Cobb  acquired  valuable  knowledge,  and  in  1850,  went  to 
Hadley  Falls,  Mass.,  to  take  charge  of  a  weaving  room  in  the  Glasgow  Mills. 
Here  he  remained  for  18  months,  established  a  character  for  assiduity  and 
fidelity,  and  was  presented  with  a  gold  watch  by  his  employers  as  a  token  of 
their  appreciation  and  esteem.  In  1852  the  Bates  Mill  at  Lewiston  was  opened 
and  Mr  Cobb  took  charge  of  the  weaving  in  No.  1- — the  first  mill  built  in 
Lewiston.  Four  years  were  profitably  passed  here,  and  then  the  life  exchanged 
for  a  more  active  one.  After  a  year  as  a  grocer  in  Casco,  in  1857  he  returned 
to  Lewiston,  and  became  a  member  of  the  mercantile  firm  of  Burleigh,  Cobb 
&  Co.,  with  which  he  was  connected  until  1866.  He  then  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  woolens  in  North  Gray,  as  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  L. 
H.  Cobb  &  Co.  Li  1868  the  firm  built  the  Cumberland  Mill  in  Lewiston,  and 
Mr  Cobb's  energies  were  successfully  given  to  its  management  until  his  retire- 
ment in  1886.  His  business  life  was  crowned  with  success;  he  was  untiring  in 
his  energy,  and  gained  wealth.  Entering  early  the  school  of  experience  and 
labor,  Mr  Cobb  has  had  a  busy,  active,  and  useful  life.  The  quality  of  his 
mind  is  determined  and  powerful,  and  he  has  ever  been  independent  and 
decided  in  his  action,  and  his  large  vital  strength  has  given  him  physical 
endurance.  He  has  well  understood  how  to  manage  men  and  bring  good 
results  in  business  operations,  and  has  filled  important  political  positions  with 
credit.  Strongl}^  Republican  in  principle,  Mr  Cobb  represented  Lewiston  in 
the  legislature  of  1874-5,  and  his  senatorial  district  in  1878-9.  He  was  promi- 
nent in  establishing  Central  Maine  General  Hospital  and  is  president  of  the 
association.  His  religious  affiliations  are  with  the  Congregationalists;  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Pine  Street  Congregational  church,  and  for  several  years  deacon. 
His  generosity,  benevolence,  and  public  spirit  are  undoubted.  The  establish- 
ment of  Cobb  Divinit}^  School  in  connection  with  Bates  College  sprung  from 
his  desire  to  aid  those  struggling  to  fit  themselves  for  work  in  the  Master's 
vineyard,  and  this  institution  will  ever  be  a  worthy  monument  to  his  memory, 
and  when  generation  after  generation  shall  have  passed  away,  and  this  good 
year  of  grace  become  one  of  the  dates  of  antiquity,  may  there  be  good  and 
faithful  ministers  in  many  fields  of  Christian  activit}^  educated  within  its 
walls,  to  demonstrate  the  wisdom  of  its  founder  and  honor  his  name. 


432  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


CYRUS   I.  BARKER. 

Cyrus  I.  Barker  comes  of  that  strong,  virile,  New  England  stock  whose 
descendants  dominate  the  successful  movements  and  achievements  of  the 
century  in  this  country.  His  grandfather,  Asa  Barker,  was  one  of  the 
"embattled  farmers"  of  the  Revolution,  and  for  his  services  as  a  soldier  was 
granted  lands  in  Bridgton,  Me,  where  he  developed  a  fine  home.  Here  his 
grandson,  Cyrus  I.,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Catherine  (Mitchell)  Barker,  was 
born,  November  27,  1827.  To  his  stalwart  ancestry  Mr  Barker  is  indebted  for 
an  inheritance  of  physical  vigor,  strong  mental  powers,  and  a  tenacity  of 
purpose  which  never  tires  in  the  accomplishment  of  its  objects.  Early  thrown 
upon  his  own  resources,  he  demonstrated  his  capability  for  successful  labor  on 
farms  and  in  a  quarr}^  but  his  tastes  were  mechanical,  and  in  1845,  when  18,- 
he  commenced  his  long  and  notable  connection  with  manufacturing  at  the 
lowest  round  of  the  ladder  by  tending  a  "lap  alley"  in  the  York  Mills  at  Saco. 
His  diligent  attention  and  painstaking  were  rewarded  by  promotion  through 
various  grades  to  overseer.  During  the  14  years  he  was  employed  in  these 
mills  he  became  thoroughly  conversant  with  cotton  manufacturing.  In  1860 
Mr  Samuel  M.  Batchelder,  treasurer  of  the  York  Mills,  who  had  watched  Mr 
Barker's  progress  with  friendly  and  business  interest,  bought  the  Everett  Mill 
in  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  employed  him  to  take  charge  of  the  carding  depart- 
ment. Eight  sets  of  woolen  machinery  had  been  placed  in  the  mill  and  the 
starting  and  oversight  of  these  were  intrusted  to  him.  He  soon  familiarized 
himself  with  the  details  of  woolen  manufacturing,  and  in  1865  was  appointed 
general  manager  for  A.  Campbell  &  Co.,  a  firm  just  commencing  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton  and  woolen  goods  in  Philadelphia.  In  the  three  years  that 
Mr  Barker  was  their  agent,  he  planned  and  erected  a  stone  and  brick  mill,  600 
feet  long,  seven  stories  high,  with  40,000  spindles. 

Early  in  1868,  Benjamin  E.  Bates  induced  Mr  Barker  to  give  the  advan- 
tage of  his  skill,  experience,  and  business  energy  to  the  development  of 
manufacturing  in  the  Bates  Mills,  Lewiston,  and  he  was  agent  here  until 
his  resignation  in  1887.  Under  his  active  management,  life  and  prosperity 
permeated  every  department.  From  a  plain  cotton  mill  of  34,000  spindles, 
radical  changes  made  a  wonderful  factory  of  various  productions:  cottonades, 
ginghams,  dress-goods,  fancy  shirtings,  cheviots,  satin  jeans,  towellings,  plain 
crochet  and  Marseilles  quilts.  It  was  not  until  a  bleachery  was  established  in 
the  mills  and  special  machinery  for  bleaching  invented  and  patented  by  Mr 
Barker  that  the  beautiful  figures  and  patterns  of  the  delicate  Marseilles  quilts 
could  be  preserved.  This  is  but  one  instance  of  the  many  successful  applica- 
tions of  Mr  Barker's  mechanical  and  inventive  skill,  that  brought  the  products 
of  the  Bates  Mills  to  an  unusually  high  standard.  From  1883  until  his 
resignation  Mr  Barker  gave  his  attention  to  a  thorough  reconstruction  of  the 


City  of  Lewiston.  432  a 


Bates,  which  engrossed  his  time,  and  caused  even  his  iron  constitution  to  feel 
the  need  of  rest,  and  from  1888  to  1890  he  engaged  in  extensive  travel  in  this 
country,  Mexico,  and  the  West  Indies,  to  recuperate  and  examine  opportunities 
for  investment.  He  did  this,  as  he  does  everything,  most  thoroughly,  and 
returned  to  Maine  with  a  still  greater  faith  in  its  superior  advantages  and 
brilliant  future.  The  Bates  Mills  did  not,  however,  monopolize  Mr  Barker's 
energies.  In  1870,  lie,  in  company  with  J.  H.  Roak,  John  Cook,  J.  P.  Gill,  and 
John  R.  Pulsifer,  formed  the  Little  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company,  and 
paid  140,000  for  300  acres  (mostly  woodland)  in  Auburn  (see  page  648).  Mr 
Barker  was  chosen  president,  and  at  once  commenced  operations  to  build  a 
mill.  The  forest  was  cleared  off,  a  dam  27  feet  high  built  across  the  river, 
a  canal  blasted  out  of  solid  rock,  and  a  mill,  300x50  feet,  with  four  stories, 
completed  in  1873.  As  a  compliment  to  the  vigor,  industry,  and  rapidity 
infused  into  the  work  by  Mr  Barker's  personality,  the  directors  voted  that  the 
mill  should  be  named  the  Barker  Mill,  and  he  was  continued  as  president  until 
1879.  Later,  in  connection  with  E.  F.  Packard,  he  built  the  Avon  Mill  in 
Lewiston,  of  which  he  has  since  been  president.  (This  is  the  third  largest 
quilt  mill  in  the  country.)  He  was  an  organizer  and  an  original  member  of  the 
New  England  Cotton  Manufacturers'  Association,  and  was  on  the  board  of 
managers  for  several  terms.  When  the  Lewiston  Machine  Co.  was  re-organized, 
nearly  20  years  ago,  Mr  Barker  was  made  president  and  now  occupies  that  posi- 
tion; much  of  the  success  of  that  profitable  corporation  is  due  to  his  executive 
ability.  In  1887,  with  T.  E.  Eustis,  F.  H.  Packard,  A.  D.  Barker,  and  Ansel 
Briggs,  Mr  Barker  formed  the  Washburn  Chair  Co.  In  1890  he  was  instru- 
mental in  forming  the  Lewiston  Mill  Co.,  was  made  its  president  and  agent, 
and  his  attention  is  now  given  to  its  business.  About  -1100,000  was  paid  for 
new  machinery  the  first  year,  and  the  capacity  of  the  plant  nearly  doubled. 

From  his  first  residence  in  Lewiston  he  has  been  an  acknowledged  leader 
in  financial  affairs.  He  was  a  corporator  of  the  People's  Savings  Bank,  has 
been  a  trustee  from  the  first,  and  its  president  for  the  past  ten  years.  He  was 
a  corporator  and  an  original  director  of  the  Manufacturers'  National  Bank,  and 
its  vice-president  for  several  years.  In  connection  with  other  officers  of  the 
bank,  he  was  instrumental  in  securing  the  permanent  location  of  the  State 
Fair  grounds  in  Lewiston.  His  interest  in  all  movements  to  add  to  the 
business  importance  of  Lewiston  caused  him  to  be  elected  president  of  its 
Board  of  Trade  in  1886,  and  re-elected  annually.  He  has  been  a  vice-president 
of  the  State  Board  of  Trade  from  its  organization.  As  a  Republican  he  has 
served  in  both  branches  of  the  city  government,  was  on  the  first  board  of 
water  commissioners,  and  one  of  the  board  during  the  construction  of  the 
water  works.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to  superintend  the  building 
of  the  first  city  building.  Mr  Barker  has  been  a  Universalist  from  early  life, 
and  is  one  of   the  trustees  of  Maine   Universalist  Convention.      In  1850  he 


432  b  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

joined  Saco  Lodge,  T.  O.  O.  F.,  where  he  passed  the  chairs,  and  retains  his 
membership,  and  in  1852  joined  Saco  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  where  he  is  a  member. 
Mr  Barker  married,  August  11, 1848,  Almira  B.,  daughter  of  Daniel  Jewett,  of 
Denmark.  Children:  Alvarado  D.  (who  married  Georgia  Sanderson,  a  native 
of  Oxford  county,  and  has  one  child,  Grace),  and  Sarah  Ida  (who  married 
F.  H.  Packard;  they  have  a  son,  Cyrus  F.).  Mrs  Barker  died  August  24, 
1886,  and  August  15, 1888,  Mr  Barker  married  Mrs  Mary  B.  (Kilgore)  Sprague, 
a  lady  of  practical  abilit3%  under  whose  personal  supervision  Mr  Barker  built 
one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  convenient  residences  in  Lewiston,  over  which 
she  presides  with  pleasing  grace.  Mr  Barker  has  acquired  more  than  a 
competency  by  his  own  unaided  efforts,  and  recalls  with  satisfaction  the 
patient  industry  and  persevering  energy  by  which  he  has  risen  from  a  humble 
position  to  one  of  eminent  success.  Of  strong  will  and  positive  nature,  he 
places  his  individuality  upon  everything  he  undertakes,  and  is  and  will  be  for 
years  a  prominetit  landmark  in  the  business  and  financial  life  of  Androscoggin 
county. 

HON.    WILLIAM    D.    PENNELL. 

The  Pennell  Family  is  an  ancient  Cornish  one.  In  "Camden's  Remains" 
is  found  this  couplet: 

By  Tre,  Ros,  Pol,  Lan,  Caer  and  Pen 
You  may  know  the  most  Cornish  men. 

The  family  has  been  and  is  of  importance  in  Great  Britain,  and  no  less  than 
three  coats  of  arms  are  borne  by  its  members.  One  has  as  a  crest  "an  arm  in 
armor,  couped  at  the  shoulder,  embowed  and  resting  the  elbow  on  the  wreatli 
holding  a  scimetar  all  ppr ;  "  another  has  "a  griffin  sejant,"  and  the  other  "an 
ostrich's  head  couped."  "  Walford's  County  Families,  a  Royal  Manual  of  the 
Aristocracy  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,"  gives  as  the  latest  knighted  repre- 
sentative of  the  English  family,  Sir  Charles  Pennell,  formerly  chief  clerk  of 
the  Admiralty,  Whitehall,  who  was  knighted  in  1867.  He  was  son  of  William 
Pennell,  Esq.,  long  time  Her  Majesty's  consul-general  to  the  Brazils.  The  first 
American  ancestor  of  the  family,  according  to  Savage,  was  Walter  Pennell,  who 
was  made  a  freeman  of  Saco  in  1653.  The  name  is  now  well  represented  in 
Maine,  and  particularly  so  in  Cumberland  county. 

Hon.  WiUiam  Dwujht  PenneU.,  son  of  Richard  C.  and  Cornelia  (Barnes) 
Pennell,  was  born  in  Portland,  May  20,  1847,  and,  until  the  removal  of  his 
parents  to  Lewiston,  May  20,  1863,  he  was  an  industrious  student  in  the  schools 
of  that  city.  His  active  life  has  been  passed  in  and  devoted  to  the  moral, 
educational,  and  business  progress  of  Lewiston.  He  commenced  his  labors  in 
June,  1863,  as  a  bobbin  boy  in  the  Porter  (later  Continental)  Mill  under  Mr 
Rhodes  A.  Budlong,  who  watched  him  carefully  and  attentively,  and  as  he  saw 


^.^^-^g^^-^-ti-^^^ 


City  of  Lewiston.  432  c 


that  he  was  more  than  ordinarily  industrious,  painstaking,  and  methodical, 
never  leaving  anything  intrusted  to  him  neglected  or  unprovided  for,  he 
advanced  him  through  various  departments  in  which  energy,  honesty,  and 
close  attention  to  the  interests  of  his  employers  marked  his  progress,  and 
evinced  his  ability  to  successfully  fill  higher  positions.  After  leaving  the 
Porter  Mill  he  served  three  years  as  a  draughtsman  in  the  office  of  the  Franklin 
Company  with  Hon.  A.  D.  Lockwood,  and  in  1869  was  appointed  paymaster 
at  the  Lincoln  Mill.  In  November,  1872,  he  was  appointed  superintendent 
and  such  favor  did  his  administration  of  affairs  find  in  the  minds  of  the  com- 
pany, that  in  November,  1879,  Mr  Pennell  was  selected  as  agent,  and  retained 
the  office  until  his  appointment  in  September,  1886,  as  manager  of  the  Franklin 
Company.  He  was  later  made,  in  addition,  manager  of  the  Union  Water- 
Power  Company.  In  this  latter  capacity,  especially  in  connection  with  the 
Franklin  Company  and  its  properties  on  lands  about  Lewiston  and  Auburn, 
Mr  Pennell  manifested  a  very  progressive  and  liberal  spirit,  and  under  his 
management  the  company  steadily  grew  in  popularity,  and  many  improvements 
were  made  and  new  building  sites  opened  to  the  public  both  in  Lewiston  and 
Auburn.  After  this  flattering  success  he  resigned  these  positions  February, 
1890,  to  accept  that  of  agent  of  the  Hill  Manufacturing  Co.  on  the  resignation 
of  Josiah  G.  Coburn,  after  36  years  of  careful  management.  Mr  Pennell  was 
well  equipped  in  technical  skill,  business  training,  and  intellectual  strength  for 
this  responsibility,  and  occupies  a  high  position  among  the  manufacturers  and 
in  the  esteem  of  the  people. 

As  an  active  Republican  he  has  been  prominent  in  politics  since  becoming 
a  voter.  Bringing  the  industry,  accuracy  and  system  of  his  business  methods 
into  the  political  field  he  made  himself  master  of  the  presented  situations,  and 
became  an  authority  whose  opinion  carried  weight.  He  has  been  a  frequent 
delegate  to  conventions,  chairman  of  city,  county  and  district  committees,  has 
always  been  in  sympathy  with  the  advanced  element  of  his  party,  and  by  his 
zeal  and  fertility  in  resource  has  been  a  valuable  worker  in  party  lines.  He 
was  city  auditor  in  1870-71 ;  in  1874  a  member  of  the  common  council;  in 
1875-1876-1877  President  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen ;  January  15,  1878,  the 
order  which  provided  for  the  construction  of  the  Lewiston  water-works  was 
introduced  by  him.  In  1880,  he  was  elected  water  commissioner  for  six  years, 
and  re-elected  in  1886  for  an  additional  term  of  six  years.  He  was  twice 
chairman  of  the  board.  His  services  in  these  offices  were  so  efficient  that  he 
was  elected  in  1881  to  fill  the  legislative  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Hon. 
I.  N.  Parker,  and  in  1888,1884,  and  1885  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 
In  1883,  he  introduced  and  carried  through  an  act  prohibiting  the  sale  of  the 
deadly  toy  pistol,  that  occasioned  so  many  deaths  among  boys,  and  his  interest 
in  this  matter  was  earnestly  approved  by  all  the  newspapers.  The  senate  of 
1885  was  one  of  more  than  usual  ability,  with  many  members  experienced  in 


432  d  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

legislation,  keen  debaters,  sound  thinkers,  and  earnest  men,  and  it  was  compli- 
mentary indeed  to  Mr  Pennell  that  although  the  youngest  member  of  the 
senate,  with  one  exception,  he  was  chosen  its  president,  receiving  every  vote  in 
that  body.  How  he  discharged  his  duties  can  best  be  learned  from  his  asso- 
ciates. Mr  Libby  of  Orono,  in  introducing  a  resolution  thanking  Mr  Pennell 
for  "the  dignity,  ability,  entire  impartiality  which  has  characterized  his  official 
intercourse  with  the  members,"  said:  "The  uniform  kindness  and  courtesy  of 
our  president  has  endeared  him  to  each  and  all  of  us."  Mr  Lebroke  of  Fox- 
croft,  in  speaking  on  the  resolution,  said:  "In  our  work  we  have  been  aided 
largely  by  the  president,  whose  ever  ready  perspicuity  was  equal  to  any  and 
every  emergency,  one  whose  rulings  have  been  entirely  impartial,  one  to  whom 
we  have  always  looked  with  faith  and  confidence  and  not  with  disappointment, 
for  direction  in  all  our  multifarious  duties.  Our  work  has  undoubtedly  been 
not  only  facilitated,  but  largely  expedited  by  the  manner  in  which  this  body 
has  been  presided  over  during  the  present  session.  I  must  say  that  he  has 
done  honor  to  himself  and  a  good  service  to  the  state,  for  which  we  who  know 
of  his  important  labors  in  this  branch  feel  highly  grateful  to  him  and  for  which 
the  state  is  indebted  to  his  great  abilities."  The  Bangor  Commercial.,  an  oppo- 
sition paper,  said:  "Mr  Pennell  is  a  very  pleasant  gentleman,  38  years  of  age. 
He  is  self-made,  cultured,  and  has  rare  conversational  powers.  He  has  a  mild 
and  pleasant  eye,  an  intelligent  and  very  winsome  countenance,  a  full  and  well- 
rounded  forehead  indicating  a  large  and  well-developed  brain,  and  sufficiently 
strong  melodious  voice.  His  speech  and  accent  are  a  pure  New  England 
vernacular.  His  suavity  seems  prompted  by  a  kind  and  genial  heart.  While 
differing  from  him  radically  on  some  points  we  are  glad  the  corporation 
interests  are  represented  by  so  good  and  worthy  a  gentleman."  The  Portland 
Argus.,  Democratic,  said:  "  Political  friends  and  enemies  must  speak  alike  that 
Mr  Pennell  is  a  very  honorable,  able,  and  vigorous  gentleman,  well  worthy  of 
the  honors  repeatedly  bestowed  upon  him."  Mr  Pennell's  sympathies  and  vote 
have  always  been  on  the  side  of  temperance  and  in  favor  of  good  law.  While 
President  of  the  Senate  he  was  called  upon  to  give  the  decisive  vote  on  the 
question  of  referring  the  amendments  to  the  prohibitory  law  to  the  next  legis- 
lature. Without  a  moment's  hesitation  there  was  a  clear  and  strong  "No." 
His  action  was  so  decided  that  the  Somerset  Reporter  said:  "Every  temperance 
oiganization  in  the  state  should  give  President  Pennell  a  vote  of  thanks." 
Rev.  C.  D.  Crane  of  New  Castle  said  while  addressing  the  General  Conference 
of  Congregationalists  in  Lewiston,  June  18, 1885 :  "  All  honor  to  the  president ! 
It  was  not  the  first  time  when,  in  a  critical  moment  in  the  history  of  Maine,  a 
Congregationalist  in  the  state  house  at  Augusta  proved  to  be  the  right  man  in 
the  right  place."  Mr  Pennell  was  on  the  committee,  organized  in  1884,  that 
arranged  for  the  Legislative  Reunion  held  at  the  state  house  in  Augusta  in 
January,  1886,  his  fellow  members  being  J.  Manchester  Haynes  of  Augusta, 


City  of  Lewiston.  432  e 


Wm  G.  Davis  of  Portland,  Wm  H.  Strickland  of  Bangor,  and  Fred  Atvvood 
of  Winterport,  and  much  of  the  success  attending  it  was  awarded  to  him. 

Mr  Pennell  has  done  good  service  in  other  circles  of  activity  and  useful- 
ness. He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics  Library  Association; 
has  been  identified  with  the  State  Agricultural  Society  as  an  officer  ;  was  for  ten 
3^ears  trustee  of  the  Androscoggin  County  Agricultural  Society;  and  the  con- 
spicuous success  of  the  Centennial  celebration  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  in 
1876  was  largely  due  to  his  management.  He  has  been  for  nearly  a  quarter  of 
a  century  a  member  of  the  Pine  Street  Congregational  church,  is  chairman  of 
the  Prudential  Committee  of  the  [)arish,  and  a  participant  in  the  various  activi- 
ties of  the  church  and  parish,  and  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work.  He  has  been  a  Free 
Mason  since  1874,  and  has  taken  thirty-two  Masonic  degrees.  The  steady 
upward  progress  of  Mr  Pennell  from  bobbin  boy  to  a  leading  manufacturer  and 
high  political  honors  shows  what  can  be  accom[)lished  by  brains  and  industry 
dominated  b}^  integrity  and  uprightness. 

Mr  Pennell  married  June  22,  1869,  Jennie  A.,  daughter  of  Wingate  and 
Eliza  W.  (Foss)  Linscott.  Mr  Linscott,  a  native  of  Chesterville,  became  a 
resident  of  Boston,  where  Mrs  Pennell  was  born.  Both  Mr  and  Mrs  Pennell 
take  high  rank  in  social  circles.  Three  children  enliven  their  home  circle  : 
Dwight  R,,  Fannie  C,  and  Maude  Robie. 

ARCHIE    LEE    TALBOT. 

Archie  Lee  Talbot  is  of  English  ancestry.  Ambrose  Talbot,  his  great-great- 
grandfather, came  to  America  with  his  parents  and  lived  in  Dorchester,  Mass., 
afterwards  settled  in  Freeport,  Me,  whei'e  he  residetl  until  his  death.  His  farm 
has  never  passed  from  the  family,  and  is  owned  and  occupied  by  the  fifth 
generation.  He  was  deacon  of  the  Congregational  church  40  years.  His  son,. 
Asa  Talbot,  removed  to  Turner,  Wilton,  and  finally  to  Avon,  where  he  built 
the  first  frame  house  on  the  "Mile  Square,"  where  he  died,  aged  79,  in  1849. 
He  took  great  interest  in  the  meeting  held  by  Rev.  Jesse  Lee  and  became  a 
Methodist.  Archibald,  son  of  Asa,  removed  to  Phillips  and  finally  to  Wilton, 
where  he  died  in  1873,  aged  74.  He  was  a  Methodist  class  leader  and  local 
preacher,  and  was  chaplain  of  Maine  (Farmington)  Lodge  of  Masons  for  many 
years.  He  was  county  commissioner  for  Fi'anklin  county  and  a  trustee  of  the 
State  Insane  Asylum.  Charles  J.  Talbot,  son  of  Archibald,  was  a  farmer  and 
a  member  of  the  bar.  He  was  president  of  the  Temperance  and  Antislavery 
State  Convention  held  at  Portland,  June  7,  1854,  which  nominated  Hon.  Anson 
P.  Morrill  for  governor,  the  first  Re[)ublican  governor  of  Maine.  He  was  a 
member  of  that  memorable  convention  at  Strong,  August  7,  1854,  composed  of 
Whigs,  Free-soilers,  and  Temperance  Antislavery  Democrats,  who  adopted  the 
name  of    Republican.      This   was  the  birth  of   the  Republican  party  in   the 


432  f  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


United  States,  and  was  the  first  delegate  convention  to  assume  that  name.  He 
was  made  a  member  of  the  State  Central  Committee  and  held  that  position 
several  years.  He  was  commissioned  by  President  Lincoln  surveyor  of  the 
port  of  Portland,  and  held  that  position  during  President  Lincoln's  adminis- 
tration. He  was  commissioned  collector  of  internal  revenue  by  President 
Grant,  and  was  in  ofifice  until  the  consolidation  of  districts.  He  was  a  railroad 
commissioner  six  years,  and  was  often  prominently  mentioned  as  a  candidate 
for  congress,  but  always  espoused  the  candidacy  of  others  in  the  interest  of 
harmony  and  united  action.  When  19  he  became  a  Methodist.  He  died  at 
his  home  in  Wilton,  March  10,  1884,  aged  63,  and  was  buried  with  Masonic 
honors. 

Archie  Lee  Talbot,  eldest  son  of  Charles  J.  and  Delphinia  S.  Talbot  (she 
was  daughter  of  Asa  Robbins,  who  was  21  years  selectman  and  town  clerk  of 
Phillips),  was  born  in  Phillips,  September  14,  1846,  and  lived  on  his  father's 
farm  until  21.  He  received  his  education  in  the  district  and  high  schools, 
Wilton  Academy  and  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary.  Upon  leaving  school  he 
became  an  insurance  agent.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  deputy  collector  of 
internal  revenue,  and  in  1877  was  re-appointcd  by  Collector  Rollins,  with  head- 
quarters at  Lewiston.  He  held  that  office  for  seven  years,  until  the  office  was 
consolidated  with  headquarters  at  Augusta.  Mr  Talbot  discharged  the  duties 
of  this  difficult  and  important  position  with  ability  and  fidelity,  often  receiving 
the  commendation  and  approval  of  the  inspecting  officers.  He  then  engaged 
as  a  life  and  fire  insurance  agent,  and  in  1887  acce[>ted  the  position  of  general 
agent  for  Maine  for  tlie  Provident  Life  and  Trust  Com[)any  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa,  in  which  business  he  is  now  engaged.  Mr  Talbot  has  lived  in  Lewiston 
since  1877.  In  1883  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  board  of-  aldermen,  from 
ward  seven,  and  re-elected  in  1884,  serving  as  chairman  of  important  com- 
mittees. In  1886  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  school  board,  re-elected  in 
1888,  and  1890.  He  is  a  member  of  leading  committees,  and  is  now  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  teachers  and  instruction.  Mr  Talbot  is  a  member  of 
Ashlar  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.  He  early  became  interested  in  this  ancient  frater- 
nity, and  was  initiated  when  21  years  old,  has  taken  the  degrees  of  the  York 
and  Scottish  rites  to  and  including  the  32°,  and  has  passed  the  chairs  in  lodge, 
chapter,  and  council.  In  1878  and  1879  he  was  District  Deputy  Grand  Master 
of  the  15th  Masonic  District.  In  1880  he  was  elected  Junior  Grand  Warden 
of  the  Grand  Lodge.  He  is  also  a  permanent  member  of  the  Grand  Royal 
Arch  Chapter,  and  Grand  Council  of  Royal  and  Select  Masters.  In  1882  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Charity  Fund  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  for  three  years,  re-elected  in  1885,  in  1888,  and  in  1891.  Mr 
Talbot  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church,  and  is  ever  ready  to  aid  in 
the  cause  of  every  good  work. 


Town  of  Lisbon.  433 


LISBON. 

By  Asa  P.  Moore,  Esq. 


CHAPTER   XXL 

Early  Roiuidiiries — Petitions— Town  of  Bowdoin — Incorporation  of  Thouipsonborough— 
Situation,  Limits,  and  Formation  — Surface  and  Soil — Description  —  Old  Houses  —  Educa- 
tion—Occupation  of  First  Settlers- Early  History— Other  Settlers  and  Descendants— Early 
Mills  — War  of  1812  — Physicians  — First  Town  Meeting  of  Thompsonborough  — School 
Districts  —  Extracts  from  Town  Records — Action  in  the  Civil  War^Civil  List. 

WEST  BOWDOINIIAM  plantation,  wliicli  included  Lisbon  and  Webster, 
extended  from  the  westerly  boundary  of  Bovvdoinliam,  west  to  the 
line  of  division  of  the  Plymouth  Company  and  Pejepscot  Proprietors, 
about  nine  miles;  and  from  the  northerly  boundary  of  To[)sham  and  Little 
River  north  to  the  southerly  boundary  of  Wales  and  Litchfield,  about  10 
miles,  and  had  an  area  of  nearly  00  square  miles.  Li  1782  the  settlers 
petitioned  for  incorporation.  This  petition  not  being  granted,  was  followed 
by  others,  until  incorporation  was  obtained,  in  1788.  The  town  of  Bowdoin 
held  its  first  meeting  April  15,  1788,  at  the  dwelling  of  Prince  Rose.  Samuel 
Tebbetts  was  moderator;  Benjamin  Jaques,  clerk;  Humphrey  Purrington, 
Samuel  Tebbetts,  Ebenezer  Temi)le,  selectmen ;  James  Rogers,  Jesse  Davies, 
Jonathan  Williams,  Nathaniel  Jellerson,  David  Porter,  Timothy  Higgins,  and 
John  Hewey,  highway  surveyors.  The  first  mention  of  a  school  is  in  1791, 
when  three  classes  (districts)  were  established,  and  forty  [)ounds  voted  for 
schools.  Li  179(>  the  town  voted  "  to  support  the  gospel  agreeably  to  law  in  the 
Baptist  order,"  26  voting  for  the  Baptists  to  eight  for  the  Congregational.  In 
1797,  ff^GOO  was  voted  to  build  two  meeting-houses,  which,  if  commenced,  were 
never  completed.  In  1798  it  was  voted  that  Samuel  Tebbetts,  Thomas  Ham, 
and  Joseph  Kilgore,  send  a  petition  to  the  general  court  for  the  division  of  the 
town.  May  21,  1799,  "voted  that  the  bridge  at  Jordan  Mills  be  built,"  and 
Abel  Nutting  named  to  superintend  the  building. 

Tltompaonhnrougli.  —  In  accordance  with  a  vote  of  the  town  of  Bowdoin, 
the  act  of  incorporation  of  Thompsonborough  was  passed  June  22,  1799. 
The  name  was  given  in  honor  of  General  Samuel  Thompson,  of  Brunswick,  a 
son  of  James  Thompson,  who,  as  colonel  of  a  body  of  volunteers,  made 
prisoners  of  several  British  oflicers  at  Falmouth,  in  1775.  The  Thompson 
family  were  large  owners  of  land  in  Little  River  plantation,  but  something  did 
not  please  the  majority  of  the  voters  in  General  Thompson's  views  or  actions, 


434  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  specifying  the  length  of  name  as  a  reason,  an  act  was  obtained  to  change 
the  name  to  Lisbon,  February  22, 1802.  The  boundaries  of  Thompsonborough 
were :  "  Beginning  at  the  northwest  corner  of  the  town  of  Topsham  at  Little 
River,  and  running  up  said  Little  River  about  one  mile,  to  what  is  called 
Bowdoin's  road,  then  running  westward  on  said  road  about  eight  or  ten  rods, 
to  a  large  pine  tree  marked  with  the  letter  Q,  it  being  the  southeast  corner  of 
what  is  called  Whittemore's  Lot,  and  thence  running  north  northeast  to  the 
north  line  of  said  town,  said  line  being  about  a  center  line  of  the  said  town 
of  Bowdoin."  Ezekiel  Thompson,  of  Little  River,  a  brother  of  General 
Thompson,  was  authorized  to  call  the  first  meeting. 

Sitvation,  Limits,  mid  Formation.  —  Lisbon  is  on  the  east  side  of  Andros- 
coggin river,  in  the  eastern  corner  of  the  county ;  distant  thirty  miles 
northeasterly  from  Portland,  and  thirty  southwesterly  from  Augusta.  Thomp- 
sonborough was  so  named  in  honor  of  the  Thompson  famil}'-,  who  were  large 
owners  of  land  in  Little  River  Plantation,  adjoining  Thompsonborough  and 
Bowdoin.  Little  River  Plantation,  now  called  Lisbon  Falls,  was  a  part  of  the 
Pejepscot  purchase,  being  a  gore  between  Little  Androscoggin  and  Sabattus 
rivers,  adjoining  the  old  town  on  its  southern  extremity,  and  was  annexed  to 
Lisbon  (after  considerable  opposition)  March  4,  1808.  In  1840  Webster  was 
set  off  from  the  northern  part.  The  soil  and  surface  are  admirably  adapted  to 
agriculture,  and  the  town  contains  more  than  an  average  share  of  arable  land, 
the  soil  being  so  diversified  as  to  afford  farmers  an  opportunity  to  successfully 
cultivate  all  crops  incident  to  the  latitude.  The  intervals  are  fertile  and 
productive,  and  no  town  in  the  state  shows  better  or  larger  crops  of  corn  or 
grain ;  while  other  portions  are  better  suited  for  the  raising  of  hay  and  grazing 
purposes.  Some  portions  are  broken,  but  there  are  no  abrupt  hills  or  worthless 
swamps.  The  streams  are  numerous,  affording  abundant  supplies  of  water. 
The  territory  was  covered  with  a  dense  growth  of  pine,  hemlock,  and  hard 
wood.  The  forests  were  stocked  with  game,  and  the  rivers  furnished  a  bountiful 
supply  of  fish,  rendering  it  a  noted  resort  for  the  Indians,  who  had  a  village  on 
the  level  land,  situated  at  the  point  where  the  Sabattus  empties  into  the 
Androscoggin.  The  Indians  called  the  falls  where  Worumbo  Mill  now  stands 
Anmeca7Uf'm,  signifying  much  fish.  There  are  three  villages:  Lisbon,  one  mile 
northwesterly  from  the  geographical  center,  which  is  near  Farnsworth  Mill; 
Lisbon  Falls,  two  and  one-half  miles  southerly  from  the  center,  at  the  southern 
extremity  of  the  town;  and  a  small  village  at  Lisbon  Center.  Some  of  the 
oldest  houses  now  standing  in  town  are :  the  house  owned  by  John  G.  Tebbets, 
now  situated  about  one  mile  from  Lisbon  village,  on  the  road  leading  to  South 
West  Bend  Ferry ;  it  was  built  by  Gideon  Curtis,  near  the  office  of  the 
Farwell  Mills;  the  house  now  occu})ied  by  Widow  Mary  Frost,  on  the  east 
side  of  Farwell  street,  opposite  J.  M.  Corbett's  house  (it  first  stood  on  the  hill 
above  Samuel   Moody's  and  was  occupied  by  Abel  Curtis)  ;    the  house  now 


Town  of  Lisbon.  435 


occupied  as  a  boarding-house  by  Farvvell  Mills ;  this  house  was  built  and 
occupied  by  Mayall  and  afterwards  by  Corbett,  who  added  a  story  to  the  old 
house,  which  was  one  story. 

Education. — -The  early  inhabitants  appreciated  education  and  were  liberal 
for  the  times  in  their  appropriations  for  it.  Among  the  first  teachers  were  Miss 
Cox,  of  Topsham,  who  probably  taught  here  several  years,  Nathaniel  Eames, 
Esq.,  Nathaniel  Harmon,  and  John  Ham.  The  town  voted  in  1871  to  abolish 
the  district  system;  there  are  now  no  organized  school  districts,  although  they 
retain  their  old  numbers  and  generall}^  their  old  limits.  (By  the  new  method 
the  town  has  control  of  all  school-houses  and  property,  and  all  teachers  are 
employed  under  the  direction  of  a  supervisor  chosen  by  the  town,  and  the 
terms  of  schools  are  of  equal  length  in  all  parts  of  the  town.)  The  school- 
houses  are  in  good  repair  and  most  of  them  new,  erected  and  furnished  in  a 
manner  suited  to  the  spirit  of  the  times.  The  town  owns  seven  village  school- 
houses,  valued  at  'flG,000,  and  nine  rural  school-houses,  valued  at  -$5,000. 
The  school  year  is  30  weeks.  Two  free  high  schools,  three  grammar,  tliree 
intermediate,  six  primary,  and  seven  rural  schools  are  maintained,  and  the 
attendance  in  1890  was  800;  385  males  and  415  females.  |2,000  were  raised 
for  the  support  of  common  schools;  $250  for  free  high  school;  -fTOO  for  school 
books;  i»400  for  repairs  on  school-houses ;  $400  for  fuel ;  fHOO  for  building  one 
new  school-house.  The  town  received  from  the  state  in  1890,  $2,014.10  for 
common  schools,  and  $250  for  free  high  schools,  and  from  the  Farwell 
Mills  $100. 

The  Thompsons.  —  Jonathan  Bagley,  of  Amesbury,  and  Moses  Little,  of 
Newbury,  pursuant  to  vote  of  Pejepscot  proprietors,  conveyed  July  4,  1780,  to 
Samuel  Thompson  for  £50  all  land  from  Little  river  to  Sabattus  river,  and 
northerly  to  the  divisional  line  between  said  Pejepscot  proprietors  and  Ken- 
nebec proprietors;  this  was  the  gore  of  land  known  as  Little  River  plantation, 
annexed  to  Lisbon  in  1808. 

Ezehid  Tho)npmii  came  here  in  1798,  having  purchased  350  acres  at  Little 
River,  of  Samuel,  his  brother.  He  was  a  leading  man ;  was  postmaster,  and 
collector  of  U.  S.  revenue,  during  the  war  of  1812.  The  writer  has  the  license 
granted  by  him  to  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  Esq.,  in  1813,  to  carry  on  trade  at  Lisbon. 
Ezekiel  Thompson  was  born  in  Brunswick  at  New  Meadows  in  1757,  was  son 
of  Captain  James  Thompson,  who  was  born  in  Ivittery  in  1707.  James  had 
three  wives  and  nine  sons  and  nine  daughters;  he  died  at  Topsham  in  1791; 
Captain  James  was  son  of  James  Thompson,  born  in  Old  York;  and  James 
was  the  son  of  James  Thompson,  born  in  Ireland.  Lydia  Thompson,  second 
wife  of  Captain  James  Thompson,  and  mother  of  Ezekiel,  was  daughter  of 
Benjamin  Brown,  of  Ipswich.  Ezekiel  married  in  1781  Priscilla,  daughter  of 
Colonel  Nathaniel  Purinton,  son  of  Deacon  Humphrey  Purinton,  who  lived  in 
Georgetown,  now  Bath,  near  the  turnpike  and  New  Meadows  river.    Humphrey 


436  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


was  born  in  Truro,  Cape  Cod,  and  died  in  Gorham,  Mass.  Priscilla,  the  wife 
of  Nathaniel  Purinton,  was  daughter  of  Thomas  Woodbury,  of  Cape  Elizabeth, 
formerly  from  Beverly,  Mass.  Samuel  Thompson  (the  brigadier)  married  a 
sister  of  Colonel  Nathaniel  Purinton.  The  children  of  Ezekiel  were:  Lydia, 
born  1783;  Reliance,  born  1785,  who  married  a  Tebbets;  Charles,  born  1780, 
was  a  wealthy  merchant  and  ship-owner  of  Topsham;  Priscilla,  born  1792, 
married  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  Esq.,  father  of  John  G.  Tebbets;  John  Holman, 
born  1795,  for  many  years  register  of  deeds  at  Topsham ;  Hezekiah,  born  1798, 
and  Joanna,  born  1803.  She  informed  me  that  her  first  teacher  was  a  Mr 
Donahue,  and  her  first  female  teacher  was  Mrs  Mary  Grant,  who  taught  in 
private  houses,  and,  at  one  time,  in  a  barn  ;  when  they  hauled  in  hay,  the 
school  was  moved  from  the  barn-floor  into  a  stall. 

Occupation  of  First  Settlers,  Mills,  etc.  —  The  inhabitants  paid  little  atten- 
tion to  farming,  but  devoted  their  time  to  lumbering,  as  the  township  was 
covered  with  a  superior  pine,  and  was  a  part  of  the  great  pine  nursery  in  this 
section  of  the  state.  Saw-mills  were  erected  on  the  Sabattus,  at  Robinson's 
Corner  (now  known  as  Bryant's  privilege),  at  Lisbon  Factory,  and  at  Farns- 
worth's,  a  mile  below.  At  Little  River,  on  the  Androscoggin,  were  at  one 
time,  from  1790  to  1800,  six  large  saw-mills,  a  corn  and  grist-mill,  and  a 
carding-mill.  The  lumber  sawed  at  these  mills  was  conveyed  by  teams 
to  Topsham  and  Cathance.  The  business  men,  the  Whitings,  Godfreys, 
Jordans,  and  otliers,  were  renowned  for  their  enterprise  and  energy.  They 
were  fast  reaping  the  reward  of  their  labors,  when  the  French  troubles  of 
1800,  the  embargo  and  War  of  1812  following  in  succession,  obliged  them  to 
relinquish  business,  and  the  result  was  a  prostration  of  the  business  com- 
munity, and  the  dispersion  to  other  parts  of  the  men  who  had  been  so  active. 

First  Settlers. — The  ])robable  first  settler  was  one  White,  who  lived  in  a 
log  hut  on  the  road  to  Webster  Corner,  on  the  Elder  Lewis  farm,  and  after- 
wards purchased  White's  Hill.  Then  Russell  Hinkley,  a  short  distance  beyond 
White,  and  Joseph  Hinkley  near  by.  Joseph's  buildings  were  destroyed  by 
fire  in  1805,  when  he  moved  down  to  the  spot  where  Charles  Davis  now  lives, 
and  finally  located  on  the  place  now  occupied  by  Charles  Smith.  He  had 
several  children  of  whom  Jesse  staid  on  the  old  place,  built  the  brick  house 
now  standing,  soon  after  sold  and  removed  to  this  corner.  Russell  Hinkley 
probably  built  the  first  house,  Joseph  the  second. 

Major  John  Rowe  came  about  1817,  and  lived  on  Rowe's  Hill,  and  died  in 
1822.  He  was  sergeant-major  in  the  Revolution,  and  received  a  commission  as 
major  in  1799  and  1800  during  the  French  trouble,  in  which  he  was  noted  for 
his  patriotism  and  zeal  as  evinced  by  his  successful  efforts  in  raising  a  regiment 
for  the  defense  of  the  country.  He  married  Charlotte  Green,  of  Portland, 
a  milliner  who  was  somewhat  famous  for  her  personal  charms  and  varied 
accomplishments.     The  major  was  brave,  patriotic,  and  warmly  devoted  to  the 


Town  of  Lisbon.  437 


interests  of  his  country.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  good  attainments,  well- 
educated,  of  fine  and  commanding  personal  appearance,  a  wooer  of  the  gentle 
Muse,  and  inclined  to  consider  Bacchus  and  Venus  entitled  to  share  his 
devotions  with  Mars.  lie  and  his  wife  were  very  social,  lived  in  fine  style, 
entertaining  with  ease,  and  fond  of  company.  The  writer  has  a  diary  kept 
during  the  Revolution,  his  orderly  book,  and  MSS.  of  original  and  selected 
poetry,  toasts,  and  sentiments.  He  also  has  a  choice  set  of  old  china  ware,  and 
Albert  C.  Neal,  Esq.,  a  set  of  decanters  and  glasses  used  on  festive  occasions 
at  liis  hospitable  board  (whicli  were  of  frequent  occurrence,  and  famed  for 
style  and  luxury).  After  his  death  his  wife  removed  to  Portland  and  engaged 
in  her  former  business,  but  came  back  to  Lisbon  and  resided  until  her  death  in 
1848.  They  had  no  children.  She  and  her  sister  were  attached  to  the  ways 
and  fashions  of  earlier  life,  and  are  remembered  for  their  peculiarities  of  dress, 
stateliness  of  manner,  and  various  accomplishments.  Cliarlotte  was  possessed 
of  fine  musical  taste,  and  often  entertained  her  youthful  visitors  by  performing 
for  them  on  the  guitar,  which  she  played  with  ease  and  grace. 

Jolin  Smullen  came  from  the  Parisli  of  Raphos,  Donegal  county,  L'eland, 
and  port  of  Londonderry,  in  1784.  He  belonged  to  a  Protestant  family  whose 
ancestors  were  Hollanders,  who  came  to  L-eland  in  the  army  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange.  When  10  years  of  age,  John  visited  relations  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
finding  that  some  of  the  family  lived  in  Maine,  came  to  see  them,  married  one 
and  took  up  a  farm  in  Lisbon  and  remained  until  his  death  in  1825.  Mr 
Smullen  was  one  of  the  selectmen  in  1801,  and  for  several  years  after.  Two 
sons,  Joseph  D.  and  Samuel,  and  tliree  daughters,  Margaret,  Jane,  and  Mary 
survived.  Joseph  had  a  daughter  who  married  B.  R.  Potter,  of  Bowdoin,  and 
now  lives  on  a  part  of  the  original  farm  which  was  divided  between  Joseph 
and  Samuel;  also  a  son,  John,  who  lives  in  California.  Samuel  left  one  son, 
Samuel  E.,  who  lives  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  two  daughters,  Mehitable,  Avho 
married  Isaac  L.  Doughty,  of  Topsham,  and  resides  on  a  part  of  the  old  farm, 
and  Margaret,  who  married  S.  P.  C.  Prince,  of  Brunswick,  and  now  lives  in 
Webster.  Marijaret  married  James  Hewey,  had  three  children,  Robert,  Mary 
S.,  and  Andrew  C.  Mary  is  now  living  at  Bath.  Andrew  C.  Hewey  was 
well  known  in  Sagadahoc  county,  having  been  clerk  of  courts  from  185G  until 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  where  he  was  paymaster  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  entered  into  the  practice  of  law  at 
Bath;  a  son,  James  E.  Hewey,  is  now  clerk  of  courts  in  York  county.  Jane 
married  Samuel  Baker,  of  Lisbon,  had  one  son,  John  S.  Baker,  a  prominent 
lawyer  in  Sagadahoc  county  for  thirty  years.  She  was  left  a  widow  and  mar- 
ried Jonathan  Davis  of  Webster.  Mary  married  William  Starbird  and  lived 
at  Sabattusville  until  1840,  when  they  moved  to  Bath. 

Thomas  Roberts,  a  joiner,  came  here  from  Somersworth,  N.  H.,  in  1800 ;  he 
lived  in  a  house   which  stood    opposite  Berry's    tan-yard  till  1819,  when    he 


438  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


removed  to  the  factory.  He  built  the  old  tavern  stand  at  Little  River  for  John 
Raymond  in  1804  or  1805;  was  a  deputy  sheriff  for  some  years.  His  son 
Thomas  was  born  and  always  resided  in  Lisbon.  He  was  a  connecting  link 
between  the  past  and  present  generation,  his  memory  being  exceedingly  good, 
and  his  knowledge  of  men  and  times  extensive.  He  died  in  1878.  Ahijah 
Metcalf  sewed  under  John  Paul  Jones  during  the  Revolution  ;  abandoning  the 
sea  he  came  to  Brunswick  and  thence  to  Higgins's  Corner  in  Lisbon,  where  he 
took  up  and  cleared  the  farm  now  occupied  by  the  Widow  Higgins.  He  was 
in  town  as  early  as  1787.  Adoniram  Sinclair,  an  early  settler,  came  from 
Kennebunk.  John  Woothvard  ea^vae  ivom  Massachusetts;  married  a  daughter 
of  Hodgkins,  who  took  up  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Nathaniel  Bard. 
Descendants  of  Woodward  now  reside  in  the  neighborhood.  Stepheyi  and 
Jdcoh  Wliittemore,  brothers,  came  from  Bowdoin  in  1786;  they  lived  in  the 
house  now  occupied  by  Sylvanus  Small.  John,  son  of  Stephen,  was  born  in 
Lisbon,  February  22,  1798.  He  taught  school  20  winters  in  Lisbon  and 
adjoining  towns.  He  was  a  member  of  the  school  committee,  selectman,  and 
justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  second  Free 
Baptist  church  in  Lisbon  41  years,  and  deacon  10  years.  He  died  in  1871>. 
His  son  Albert  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  from  the  West,  and  died  in  service. 
Calvin  Coiven  was  in  town  when  Smullen  came.  He  came  from  Bruns- 
wick ;  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution ;  married  a  sister  of  Hezekiah  Coombs, 
and  settled  on  the  farms  now  owned  by  Moses  Sawyer  and  Mr  Healy. 
Charles  Smith  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Winter  Marr.  Smith  sold  to 
Stevens,  who  sold  to  Joseph,  son  of  Hezekiah  Coombs,  who  sold  to  his  son 
John  H.,  who  sold  to  Marr.  Greorge  San)yer  came  from  Dover,  N.  H.,  was  in 
the  Revolution,  settled  on  a  farm  near  Southwest  Bend,  and  married  Hannah, 
daughter  of  John  Dain  who  came  from  Connecticut ;  he  settled  on  the  Wagg 
farm  near  the  river,  and  married  Elizabeth  Proctor.  William  Dain  settled  on  an 
adjoining  farm,  and  married  Mary  Wagg.  Joseph  Thompson  came  from  Fal- 
mouth; married  Kerinhapock  Proctor,  and  settled  near  Lewiston  line.  William, 
his  brother,  married  Annie  Duval,  of  Falmouth,  and  settled  on  the  Bend 
Island.  Boswell  settled  east  from  George  Sawyer,  near  where  the  Bend  Ferry 
is  now  located ;  he  died  early,  and  his  farm  passed  into  the  hands  of  McGray. 
Daniel  Green  took  up  and  cleared  the  farm  next  below  Boswell's;  he  went  into 
the  Revolution  when  IG  years  of  age.  His  father  settled  on  the  farm  next 
below  (afterwards  occupied  by  his  son  William).  He  was  born  in  England. 
Coming  to  America  he  served  in  the  French  and  Indian  wars,  also  tlie 
Revolution;  he  married  Jane  Dustin.  William,  his  son,  married  Hannah 
Blethen.  David  Crreen,  brother  of  Daniel  and  William,  settled  on  the  farm 
next  below  John  Blethen ;  he  married  a  Blaisdell.  William  Neal  lived  next 
below  Daniel  Green ;  he  came  from  North  Berwick,  and  married  Mehitable 
Kilgore.     He  was  a  man  of   considerable  influence  and  held  various  offices. 


Town  of  Lisbon.  439 


Henry  Moulton,  next  below  Neal's,  came  from  Falmouth.  Merrill,  next  below 
Moulton's,  was  from  New  Gloucester.  He  bought  of  Hezekiah  Wyraan  the 
farm  now  owned  and  occupied  by  John  Ham.  Mev.  D.  Pierce,  next  below 
Merrill,  was  a  Calvinist  Baptist  clergyman,  came  from  Durham ;  married 
Abigail  Additon ;  moved  to  Greene,  where  he  died.  Simon  Johnson,  next 
below  Pierce,  came  from  Harpswell,  and  married  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Wilson, 
wlio  settled  next  below  Johnson ;  his  farm  was  afterwards  owned  by  Daniel 
Johnson,  a  brother  of  Simon.  Daniel  married  a  Holbrook,  daughter  of 
Wilson's  second  wife.  Isaac  Wliitney  settled  next  below;  he  was  a  son  of 
Benjamin.  Alexander  Sutherland  came  next  below ;  his  farm  was  afterwards 
occupied  by  his  son  Benjamin,  who  married  a  Whitney.  James  W.  Purinton 
came  from  Topsham ;  built  a  tannery,  and  afterwards  sold  to  Edward  Berry. 
Increase  Blethen,  second  son  of  John,  took  up  the  farm  now  owned  by  Rev.  J. 
P.  Redlon.  He  married  the  Widow  Malcolm.  John,  Increase,  and  James 
Blethen  came  from  England.  Increase  settled  in  Phillips,  James  at  Cape 
Elizabeth,  and  John,  the  father  of  Increase,  settled  on  the  farm  now  occupied 
by  Charles  Hartshorn.  John  Blethen  had  three  wives,  and  27  children  by  the 
first  two.     Eldridge  G.  Blethen  is  a  great-grandson  of  John. 

John  Dean  established  the  first  ferry  at  Southwest  Bend,  in  1799,  above  the 
Bend  Island.  In  1810  a  ferry  was  running  below  the  island,  and  both  were  in 
operation  until  1817,  when  a  bridge  was  built.  In  April,  1819,  a  portion  of 
the  bridge  was  carried  away.  The  bridge  was  rebuilt  the  same  season,  in  1810 
was  again  carried  away  and  has  not  been  rebuilt;  the  river  is  now  crossed  by 
ferry. 

Benjaynin  Wliitney  owned  the  farms  now  owned  by  the  Bibber  heirs 
and  a  portion  of  the  Hewey  farm.  He  came  from  New  Meadows,  married 
Nancy  Hinkley,  was  part  owner  in  the  first  grist-mill  at  Little  River,  and  was 
the  miller.  He  died  in  1799.  His  sons  were  Abram,  Isaac,  Jacob,  Nathan, 
Benjamin,  Joseph,  and  Samuel.  Two  were  in  the  Revolution.  Abram  was 
one  of  the  foremost  business  men  of  his  day.  Isaac  lived  at  the  foot  of 
Rowe's  Hill,  Nathan  where  Addison  Metcalf  lives.  Samuel  was  father  of 
Jacob,  who  died  in  1889  at  Lisbon,  age  85,  John,  and  Samuel  L.  William 
Bifcknam  came  from  Falmouth,  Me,  about  1798,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now 
occupied  by  his  grandsons,  Nathan  and  George  Bucknam.  William  Bickford 
came  from  Cape  Elizabeth  to  Lewiston  about  1798.  Subsequently  he  settled 
where  Captain  Thomas  Jordan  now  lives.  He  had  a  family  of  seven  children ; 
two  of  the  daughters  are  still  living.  His  sons,  William,  John,  Aaron,  and 
James,  settled  in  Lewiston.  William  came  to  Lisbon,  where  he  died.  Aaron 
lived  on  the  old  homestead  where  he  died  April  6,  1863.  Seth  H.,  his  son,  is 
now  living  in  Lisbon,  on  the  Patrick  Irish  farm.  Mrs  Mary  Groody  came  from 
Cape  Ann  to  Lewiston  about  1799,  and  settled  on  the  farm  formerly  known  as 
the  Hart  farm,  where  she  died  in  1828.     But  one  child,  an  only  son,  came  with 


440  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


her,  and  he  lives  in  Lisbon,  on  the  White  lot.  True  Woodhnry  came  first  to 
Durham,  but  settled  in  Danville.  He  had  a  son,  Benjamin,  who  moved 
to  New  Gloucester.  His  son,  John  P.,  settled  in  Lisbon  on  the  James  Jordan 
farm  near  the  Lewiston  line.  Winter  Marr,  father  of  Edward,  was  born  in 
Webster  in  1814.  He  moved  to  Lisbon  in  1847,  and  carried  on  farming  and 
brick-making  until  his  death  in  1889.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Free  Will 
Baptist  church,  and  was  always  an  advocate  of  temperance. 

Samuel  NicJioh  first  came  to  Durham  towards  the  close  of  the  last  century, 
and  took  up  a  farm  near  Southwest  Bend.  He  had  a  family  of  six  sons  and 
four  daughters;  the  sons  were  Thomas,  William,  James,  John,  Lemuel,  and 
Samuel.  Of  these,  Thomas  settled  in  Durham  near  New  Gloucester  line, 
and  had  a  family  of  10  children,  Betsey,  Enos,  Sally,  Margaret,  llebecca, 
Thomas,  David,  John,  Mary  Jane,  and  Benjamin.  Betsey  married  Samuel 
McGray,  August  9,  1795,  and  settled  in  Durham  on  the  place  now  occupied 
by  Widow  Jones  near  Southwest  Bend  ;  from  thence  they  removed  to  Lisbon 
and  settled  near  Captain  McGray 's  ferry.  He  died  March  19,  1872,  and  his 
wife,  March  28,  1872.  Blrhird  Doan  moved  from  Portland,  Me,  to  Durham, 
1798,  and  took  up  the  farm  now  owned  by  George  Estes,  near  Methodist 
Corner.  Mr  Doan  had  a  family  of  10  children,  Joanna,  Sarah  C,  John  K., 
Mary  L.,  Nancy,  Olive  S.,  William,  Margaret  A.,  Harriet  M.,  and  Lucy  Ann. 
Harriet  M.  married  Joseph  Nichols.  Eplirdim  Jordan  came  from  Cape  Eliza- 
beth in  1787,  and  took  up  the  farm  in  Webster  now  occupied  by  Charles  E. 
Garcelon.  He  lived  here  until  his  death,  December  11,  1846.  He  reared 
seven  children.  His  son,  Thomas,  lives  on  the  Foss  farm.  Henry  Jordan 
came  from  Webster  about  1825,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  in  possession  of 
his  son,  Isaiah  L. 

Thomas  Grodfrey  and  Ahraliam  Wliitney  purchased  tracts  of  land  from 
Samuel  Thompson,  and  were  probably  among  the  first  settlers  at  Little  River. 
Thomas  Godfrey  lived  on  the  John  Douglass  place.  He  was  father  of  John 
Godfrey,  who  went  to  Topsham  and  became  a  prominent  ship-builder.  Abra- 
ham Whitney  was  one  of  several  brothers,  of  whom  Isaac,  Nathan,  and  Samuel 
settled  here.  He  lived  next  above  the  old  post-office,  and  was  an  active  and 
prominent  business  man  in  his  day.  He  raised  a  large  family,  of  whom 
Benjamin  lived  and  died  at  Little  River,  leaving  two  daughters  now  living 
here,  Priscilla  VV.,  wife  of  Niah  Gould,  and  Octavia  T.,  wife  of  Albert  C.  Neal, 
Esq.  Abraham,  Jr,  lived  and  died  at  Lisbon,  leaving  a  daughter  in  Durham, 
the  wife  of  Emery  S.  Warren,  Esq.  Among  the  active  business  men,  from 
1790  to  1810,  at  Little  River,  were  Samuel  Tilton,  who  lived  near  John 
Cornish;  Jabez  B.  Fletcher,  near  William  K.  Corning;  Merrell  Jordan; 
Ebenezer  Fellows  lived  near  John  Douglass ;  Joseph  Langden,  near  railroad 
crossing;  William  Wise,  who  married  Thankful,  a  daughter  of  Samuel 
Thompson.     These  were  active  business  men,  and  after  the  general  prostration 


Town  of  Lisbon.  441 


of  business,  left  here.  Hezekiah  Coombs  came  to  Little  River  about  1785.  He 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  His  son,  William,  was  born  in  1788,  and,  after 
he  came  of  age,  purchased  a  farm  on  the  ridge  now  owned  by  Mr  Hannaford. 
William  Coombs  was  an  energetic  business  man,  held  several  town  offices,  and 
was  a  fearless  and  faithful  leader  of  the  Democratic  forces,  in  opposition  to 
Aaron  Dwinal,  leader  of  the  Whigs.  They  were  both  men  of  choleric  tempera- 
ment, and  espoused  the  cause  they  loved  with  a  zeal  not  always  tempered  with 
discretion.  William  Coombs  had  two  sons,  Levi  T.,  a  deputy  sheriff  and  dealer 
in  stoves  and  hardware  at  Lisbon,  and  George  W.,  a  tailor  at  Lisbon  Falls. 
Joseph  Coombs,  another  son  of  Hezekiah,  lived  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town, 
adjoining  Webster,  on  the  farm  afterwards  owned  by  Winter  Marr.  He  had 
two  children,  Hannah,  wife  of  John  H.  Green,  and  John  H.  Coombs.  Abel 
Nvftitiii,  born  in  Groton,  Mass.,  in  ]7r)7,  was  a  soldier  through  the  Revolution, 
and  took  part  in  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill.  He  came  to  Bath  in  1783,  and 
stopj)ed  at  the  house  of  Ebenezer  Coombs,  where  he  formed  the  acquaintance 
of  Rhoda,  whom  he  married  in  1784.  He  came  to  Lisbon  in  1788  and  settled 
north  of  Lisbon  Factory,  at  Jordan's  Mills.  \n  1804  he  removed  to  a  farm 
about  half  a  mile  above  the  village,  having  on  it  a  log  house  and  hovel  built  by 
Russell  Hinkley  (now  the  Haskell  farm),  where  he  remained  until  his  death, 
January  18,  1828.  He  left  a  wife  and  13  children.  His  widow  married 
William  Green,  who  died  at  Lisbon  in  1849.  She  died  in  Lisbon,  April  17, 
1867,  at  99  years,  retaining  her  faculties  up  to  within  a  few  days  of  her  death. 
Aaron  Nutting,  Esq.,  for  many  years  town  clerk  of  Lisbon,  is  a  grandson  of 
the  Revolutionary  hero. 

John  Raymond  was  a  merchant  in  Boston  in  1799.  He  bought  a  store  and 
lot  at  Little  River  that  year,  and  came  here  to  reside  in  1804  or  1805.  He 
built  the  old  tavern  where  the  Androscoggin  House  stood,  and  his  store  stood 
on  the  lower  side  of  the  old  road,  near  the  railroad  crossing.  He  died  in  1810, 
and  his  wife  in  1812,  leaving  an  only  child,  Ann  Raymond,  who  married  James 
Barker,  of  Boston.  Mr  Barker  never  lived  here,  but  became  the  owner  of  the 
estate  belonging  to  Raymond  at  Little  River,  and  purchased  other  lots  and 
claims,  so  that  at  his  death  a  large  portion  of  the  real  estate  there  was  in  his 
possession.  He  spent  considerable  money  and  time  in  hunting  up  and  pur- 
chasing the  various  interests  and  outstanding  titles  to  the  property  there,  and 
his  memorandum  of  titles  and  conveyances  shows  him  to  have  been  a  man  of 
thorough  s3^stem  and  deep  research.  Although  sanguine  that  the  place  must 
become  of  importance,  he  did  not  live  to  see  his  hopes  realized.  He  is 
described  to  me  by  Isaac  N.  Davis,  Esq.,  his  agent,  "as  a  gentleman  of  the  old 
school,  of  fine  personal  appearance,  dignified,  somewhat  precise,  of  great 
firmness,  and  of  the  strictest  integrity."  In  1861  John  C  Tebbets  and  Edivard 
Plummer  purchased  the  I>arker  estate,  comprising  all  the  water-power  on  Ten- 
mile  Falls,  and  having  united  with  them  Oliver  Moses,  of  Bath,  and  others, 


442  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

obtained  a  charter,  built  a  mill,  and  began  the  great  development  of  the  place. 
Jacob  Gould  came  here  from  Bath  as  early  as  1790,  settled  first  on  the  place 
now  owned  by  Seth  Bickford,  but  moved  to  the  place  now  belonging  to  his 
family  about  1801.  He  died  December  27,  1862,  aged  94  years.  His  oldest 
child,  Major  Stephen  Gould,  was  born  in  Lisbon,  October  17,  1791.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  deputy  sheriff  of  Lincoln  and  Androscoggin  counties.  Jacob 
Gould  had  three  sons:  Stephen,  who  died  in  1875,  aged  84;  Niah,  now  living 
in  Lisbon,  aged  86 ;  Jacob,  who  died  in  1890,  aged  83.  Aaron  Dwinal,  son  of 
Amos  Dwinal,  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier ;  came  from  Worcester  county, 
Massachusetts,  about  1800:  settled  at  Webster  Corner;  left  here  in  1840,  and 
died  in  Leeds  in  1844.  He  was  a  very  active  and  influential  man,  held  various 
offices  of  trust  and  importance,  and  was  leader  of  the  old  Whig  party  in  town. 
His  son,  Simeon,  is  living  in  Lisbon, and  his  other  sons  now  living  are:  Calvin, 
at  Bangor;  Owen,  at  Mechanic  Falls;  Amos,  in  Aroostook;  and  a  daughter, 
Abigail  Davis,  near  Bangor.  Rufus  Dwinal,  of  Bangor,  a  noted  lumberman 
and  mill  owner,  was  a  son  of  Aaron.  Simeon  was  representative  in  1841,  and 
has  held  other  town  offices. 

Robert  Jack,  son  of  Joseph  Jack,  of  Topsham,  was  prominent  in  the  early 
days.  By  hard  study  he  gained  a  good  education,  including  Latin,  Greek,  and 
Astronomy.  He  taught  school,  finally  came  to  Lisbon  and  opened  a  store, 
including  in  his  stock-in-trade  the  beverages  of  the  day.  He  claimed  to  be 
the  first  who  offered  print  or  calico  for  sale  in  Lisbon.  He  was  for  years  clerk 
and  selectman  of  Lisbon.  He  was  a  public-spirited  citizen,  and  one  of  the 
number  who  purchased  and  cleared  the  grounds  now  used  as  a  cemetery,  and 
afterwards  aided  in  digging  a  well  in  the  square  and  in  putting  in  "  the  town 
pump."  He  built  a  number  of  fine  houses,  planted  some  of  the  first  shade 
trees  in  the  place,  around  his  residences,  and  tried  to  induce  the  citizens  to 
plant  trees  on  each  side  of  the  first  mile  of  the  road  to  Lewiston.  He  married 
Sarah  Staples,  of  Topsham,  and  had  four  sons,  one  of  whom,  Robert  W.  lives 
in  Lisbon. 

Ea7'ly  Mills.  —  John  Raymond  erected  a  mill  on  Little  River,  probably  as 
early  as  1806,  which  was  operated  by  John  Perry  as  a  clothing  mill  for  some 
years,  when  he  sold  to  Gardner  Frost,  who  continued  the  business  until  1835. 
John  Mayall,  an  Englishman,  erected  a  wooden  woolen  mill  in  1808-10  on  the 
Sabattus,  just  above  the  bridge.  This  was  on  the  first  or  upper  privilege  of 
Far  well  Mills,  is  still  standing  in  good  preservation.  He  occupied  it  until 
1822,  when  Horace  Corbett,  of  Walpole,  Mass.,  purchased  it  and  operated  it 
until  1850  as  a  satinet  mill.  No  machinery  was  run  in  it  until  1860,  when 
James  F.  Hirst,  an  Englishman,  leased  it  and  occupied  it  for  the  manufacture 
of  repellents  until  1863,  when  he  removed  to  Sabattus.  John  Robinson, 
another  Englishman,  was  the  next  lessee,  in  1863,  and  manufactured  flannels 
until  1867.     The  same  year  Corbett  sold    the   mill  to  N.  W.  Farwell,  who 


Town  of  Lisbon.  443 


repaired  it  and  occupied  it  as  a  cotton  mill.     He  also  bought  a  large  amount 
of  land  near  the  mill. 

On  the  Moody  privilege,  below  the  bridge  at  Lisbon  village,  a  grist-mill 
was  built  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  near  the  end  of  the  present  dam  as  early 
as  1800,  by  Gideon  and  Abel  Curtis,  and  Lisbon  Factory  was  then  called 
Curtis's  Mills.  This  mill  was  tended  by  Eben  Coombs,  who  came  from  Bath 
about  1803.  He  lived  in  a  house  where  the  house  occupied  by  W.  H.  Miles, 
agent  of  Farwell  Mills,  now  stands.  William  Batchelder  later  built  a  scythe 
factory  just  above  this  mill  and  conducted  it  some  time.  The  first  mill  on  the 
west  side  was  built  about  1804  by  Gideon  Curtis,  afterward  owned  by 
Nathaniel  Gerrish,  who  came  from  Durham  in  1817.  He  and  his  son  Joshua, 
for  some  years,  carried  on  the  lumber  business,  when,  Joshua's  health  failing, 
he  opened  a  store,  and  traded  where  his  son,  E.  M.  Gerrish,  now  trades. 
Nathaniel  built  a  brick  hotel  in  1831  near  the  location  of  the  office  of  Farwell 
Mills,  which  was  torn  down  in  the  seventies.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
school  committee  man,  etc.  He  sold  the  mill  property  to  Joseph  Moore  in 
1833;  he  to  Samuel  Moody  in  1835,  who  was  succeeded  in  ownership  by  a 
local  syndicate  in  1865,  which  sold  to  N.  W.  Farwell  in  1867.  The  large 
cotton  mill  of  the  Farwell  Manufacturing  Company  now  occupies  the  entire 
privilege. 

War  of  1812.  —  There  were  three  companies  ordered  out.  The  first  was 
commanded  by  Captain  Aaron  Dwinal.  There  were  84  men,  of  whom  three 
were  living  in  1873:  William  Woodard,  a  sergeant;  Simeon  Dwinal,  son  of  the 
captain  in  Lisbon ;  and  Deacon  Caleb  Kilgore,  of  Portland.  Second  company, 
Captain  Peter  Whitney,  31  men.  Joseph  Webber,  of  Lewiston,  was  the  only 
survivor  in  1873.  Third  company.  Captain  Samuel  True,  73  men,  nine  were 
living  in  1873:  Sergeant  David  Spofford,  Webster;  Corporal  James  Farrar,  of 
Lisbon :  and  Nathan  Farrar,  Robert  Jordan,  Moody  Spofford,  Gardner  Frost, 
Benjamin  Jordan,  Benjamin  Grand,  Greenleaf  Spofford. 

Early  Phydcians.  —  Benjamin  H.  Mace  was  one  of  the  early  settlers. 
Daniel  Garcelon,  deceased,  was  of  Lewiston,  uncle  to  Dr  Alonzo  Garcelon. 
Simeon  Foss,  deceased,  came  from  Farmington.  Wm  McLellan,  deceased, 
came  from  Skowhegan.  A.  Brawn,  now  living  in  Biddeford.  A.  W.  Hobbs, 
now  living  in  Freedom,  N.  H.  N.  J.  Wedgwood  came  from  Litchfield,  grad- 
uate of  Maine  Medical  School,  now  in  Lewiston.  H.  C.  White,  from  Litchfield, 
also  and  a  graduate  of  Maine  Medical  School,  is  now  in  Somerville,  Mass. 
D.  B.  Sawyer,  now  in  Lewiston,  married  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Joshua  Gerrish. 

The  First  Town  Meeting  of  Thompsonborough  was  held  at  the  house  of 
Samuel  Tebbetts,  Esq.  (at  Webster  Corner),  March  17,  1800.  Samuel  Teb- 
bettswas  chosen  moderator;  Noah  Jordan,  town  clerk  ;  Robert  Hue,  treasurer; 
Thomas  Ham,  Samuel  Tebbetts,  Jonathan  Hebberd,  selectmen  and  assessors ; 
Adoniram  Sinkley,  constable  and  collector ;  Calvin  Cowing,  Joseph  Dearing, 


444  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


John  Hue,  John  McManas,  Thomas  Tebbetts,  William  B.  West,  Downing 
Gooding,  Russell  Hinkley,  Ephraim  Jordan,  Josiah  True,  Jonathan  Fogg, 
Simon  Crocker,  Stephen  Dodd,  Benjamin  Ham,  surveyors  of  highway ;  Abel 
Nutting,  Samuel  Thompson,  John  Tebbetts,  Samuel  Tebbetts,  Jr,  surveyors 
of  board;  Samuel  Tebbetts,  culler  of  hoops  and  staves.  1800,  April  7, 
adjourned  town  meeting.  Voted  Ephraim  Jordan,  Phineas  Jones,  Benjamin 
Ham,  Isaac  Hinckley,  fence  viewers ;  Ilobert  Hughe,  Abel  Nutting,  Thomas 
Tebbetts,  Samuel  Hinkley,  Jonathan  Hebberd,  Abraham  Frost,  tything  men  ; 
William  B.  West,  Ephraim  Jordan,  Eliasom  Maxwell,  Joseph  Bearing,  Calvin 
Cowing,  Joshway  Jordan,  Edward  Waymouth,  William  Mitchell,  hogreeves  ; 
Voted  for  town  charges  $60,  highways  |400,  schools  |250.  Votes  cast  for 
governor  47,  James  Sullivan  having  39. 

Thr  School  BiMncfs  were  divided.  May  3, 1802,  thus:  No.  1. — Noah  Jordan, 
Moses  Brown,  Aaron  Dwinal,  Ephraim  Jordan,  Phineas  Jones,  Abner  Jordan, 
Jonathan  Jordan,  William  Jordan,  Stephen  Foss,  Patrick  Arish,  Foster  Went- 
worth,  William  Bucknam,  Russel  Hinkley,  Aaron  Whitney,  Thomas  Sinkler, 
Samuel  W.  and  Seth  Hinkley,  Hannah  Davis,  Nathan  Hanson,  Abel  Nutting, 
Marget  Coombs,  Andrew  Coombs,  Samuel  Tebbetts,  Daniel  Whittom,  Samuel 
Jenerson,  Thomas  Thorn,  John  and  William  Bourk,  Stephen  and  William 
Dodd,  Josiah  Barry.  No  2.— Nathan  Metcalf,  Ephraim  Toothaker,  Jacob 
Whittemore,  Abijah  Metcalf,  Calvin  Cowing,  John  Smullin,  A.  Patten,  Joseph 
Cowing,  John  Woodard,  Stephen  Whittemore,  Charles  Smith,  Dyer  Heagens, 
Thomas  Wilson.  No.  3. — Isaac  Hinkley,  William  B.  West,  Joseph  Killgore, 
Jacob  and  Moses  Gould,  Hugh  Owen,  Lemuel,  Samuel,  and  Thomas  Hinkley, 
Benjamin  Ham,  Arcliibald,  Amasa,  and  Luther  Smith,  James  Welch,  John 
Siidvler,  Edward  Sawyer,  Stephen  Staple,  Thomas  Ham,  Robert  Coombs, 
Nathaniel  and  Adoniram  Sinkler.  No.  4. — Daniel  Harison,  Miller  and  Joseph 
Hinkley,  Widow  Baley,  Theophilus  Tebbetts,  Daniel  Wescott,  John  Morris, 
Elisha  Patterson,  Hezekiah  Hall,  Jesse  Holdbrooks,  Thomas  Tebbetts,  Bradey 
Baley,  John  Tebbetts,  Eliasom  Maxwell,  Samuel  Tebbetts,  Jr,  Isaac  Tebbetts, 
Robert  Felton.  No.  5, — Robert  Hewey,  John  Rideout,  Balcher  Jones,  Levi 
Temple,  Samuel  Bennct,  Elijah  Jones,  Joseph  and  Samuel  Dearing,  Robert 
Dunkin,  Timothy  Heagins,  Nathaniel  Gilpatrick,  John  Smith,  John  Henderson, 
John  Nowell,  William  Hegins,  Jonathan  Whitney,  Paul  Nowell,  Alexander 
Gowing,  John  Mcmaners,  Joseph  True,  William  Heath,  Jonathan  Whitney, 
Jr,  Benjamin  Henderson,  Simeon  Crock.  No.  G. —  Matthew  Jordan,  James 
Wilson,  James  CoUens,  William  Mitchell,  Patrick  Conner,  John  Wilson,  Silas 
Hamilton,  Samuel  Thompson,  Robert  W.  Niles,  James  Maxwell,  Daniel  Green, 
Jonathan  Mitchell,  William  True,  Nathaniel  Smith,  William  Jordan,  Jr, 
Joshua  Jordan,  John  Farrow,  Jonathan  Hebbert,  Phinehas  Spofford,  James 
and  Stephen  Hebbert,  Elias  Moody,  Matthew  and  Samuel  Libby,  John  Gould. 
No.   7. — John,  John,  Jr,  and   James  Hewey,    Elisha    Hanscom,    Joseph   and 


Town  of  Lisbon.  445 


Thomas  Maxwell,  John  and  William  Rideout,  Jacob  Pettingill,  Samuel  Malet, 
Zebulon  Pribble,  John  Lavrey,  Nathaniel  Sheldon,  Dowinng  Gooding,  Abraham 
Craft,  Nahum,  Edmund,  and  Jonathan  Waymouth,  Benjamin  Hodgkins,  Simeon 
Hamilton,  Elias  Storey,  Jacob  Furbish,  Benjamin  Jordan,  Jethro  Sandborn. 

Extracts  from  Totcn  Records. —  The  first  pages  of  the  early  records  are 
largely  occupied  with  records  of  roads,  and  in  the  quaint  writing  and  spelling 
some  are  amusing  enough.  In  1800  ?|250  for  schools,  and  elected  a  school 
committee.  In  1801  William  True  was  allowed  "  Liberty  to  Hang  gate 
Acrost  the  Road  on  his  Land.  Voted  Not  to  Let  the  Wider  Davis  Hano- 
Any  gates  A  Crost  the  Road.  Voted  Not  to  Let  Wails  Have  two  Miles 
of  the  [north  part]  of  This  town."  May  5,  1801,  an  adjourned  town  meeting 
was  held  in  Samuel  Tebbetts's  barn,  and  for  several  years  it  was  quite 
customary  to  occupy  some  barn  or  other  to  hold  town  meetings  in.  In  1801, 
i200  was  voted  for  schools,  and  -flOO  to  defray  town  charges.  In  1802  Hon. 
Caleb  Strong  had  56  votes  for  governor,  Edward  H.  Robbins,  44  for  lieutenant- 
governor,  Nathaniel  Dunnner,  38  for  senator.  In  1803  voted  that  the  constable 
in  future  post  up  three  warrants  for  town  meeting  at  Roberts  Hewey  and 
Luke  Lumbard's  store.  1804  voted  |)1,000  for  highways,  't400  for  schools,  not 
to  raise  money  to  build  a  meeting-house.  1805  several  [)rivate  roads  accepted 
by  the  town.     A  meeting  May  5,  1805,  was  "to  see  if  the  town  will  agree  to 

divide  said  town and  have  the  southern  part  incorporated  with  Little 

River  Plantation."  It  was  dismissed.  Also  voted  to  give  25  cents  per  head 
as  bounty  for  crows.  1807  25  votes  were  cast  in  favor  and  55  against  the 
sei)aration  from  Massachusetts.  Voted  "to  dismiss  the  article  concernincr 
raising  money  for  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel."  Voted  to  build  a  pound  40 
feet  square  near  Luke  Cushman's,  and  chose  him  pound-keeper.  47  votes 
against  and  28  in  favor  of  annexing  the  [)lantati(>n8  of  Little  River  and  Wales 
to  Lisbon,  and  John  Smullen,  Ca[)tain  Josiah  True,  and  Dr  Benjamin  Hale 
Mace  chosen  to  remonstrate  against  such  legislative  action,  1808  70  votes 
were  cast  against  and  38  votes  in  favor  of  incorporating  the  north  part  of 
Lisbon  with  Wales  plantation  in  a  new  town.  Voted  to  petition  the  President 
of  the  United  States  to  suspend  the  Embargo  act  either  wliolly  or  in  part,  and 
chose  seven  good  men  and  true  to  "  wright "  said  petition.  Little  River  Plan- 
tation has  now  become  a  portion  of  the  town.  1809  a  committee  was  chosen 
to  petition  the  "  Legislatur "  for  relief  of  the  grievances  of  the  town  on 
account  of  the  distressed  state  of  the  times.     185  votes  cast  for  governor. 

1810  voted  to  hold  the  annual  meetings  in  March.  A  committee  chosen  to 
superintend  the  inoculation  of  the  inhabitants  with  cow-pox.  1811  voted  -tlOO 
for  the  support  of  the  Gospel,  #1,500  for  highways,  $800  for  schools,  $350  for 
town  charges.  1814  voted  to  build  a  magazine  to  hold  the  town  stock  and  the 
building  let  to  Phineas  Jones,  also  authorized  the  selectmen  to  hire  money  to 
pay  the  expenses  of   the    troops   in  the    late    expedition    to  Bath.     1815    an 


446  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


article  in  the  warrant  calling  the  annual  town  meeting,  reading  "to  see  if  the 
town  will  raise  money  to  purchase  B.  D.  Bryant's  large  store  at  Lisbon  Corner 
for  a  town-house,  if  not,  to  see  if  the  town  will  raise  money  to  build  a  new 
town-house,"  was  "dismessed."  1816  James  Small  and  Ezekiel  Thompson 
chosen  delegates  to  the  convention  at  Brunswick.  116  votes  cast  for,  60  votes 
ao-ainst,  the  separation  of  Maine  from  Massachusetts.  1819  the  barn  of  James 
Small  seems  to  be  the  favorite  place  of  holding  town  meetings,  and  in  March 
the  town  voted  "not  to  have  their  town  meetings  in  future  at  the  meeting- 
house near  the  Factory."  170  votes  cast  for,  and  35  votes  against  the  separa- 
tion of  Maine  from  Massachusetts.  1820  Levi  Stowell,  William  P.  Davis, 
Ezekiel  Thompson,  Aaron  Dwinal,  Nathaniel  Eames  chosen  to  petition  the 
legislature  to  divide  the  county  of  Lincoln,  or  make  a  new  county  from  towns 
from  both  Lincoln  and  Cumberland.  For  first  governor  of  Maine  the  vote  was: 
Hon.  William  King,  77;  Colonel  Dennie  M.  Cobb,  3;  Benjamin  Cushing, 
Esq.,  and  Samuel  W.  Hinkley,  1.  1823,  Aaron  Dwinal,  John  Smullen,  and 
Paul  C.  Tebbets  chosen  committee  to  report  on  the  propriety  of  building  a 
house  to  acconnnodate  the  poor.  Voted  to  petition  the  legislature  to  annex 
the  town  to  Kennebec  county.  1824  voted  to  hold  the  next  town  meeting  at 
the  Methodist  meeting-house  in  the  Factory  village,  and  then  alternately  at 
the  Baptist  and  Methodist  meeting-houses,  but  at  a  later  meeting  it  was  voted 
to  hold  the  meetings  at  "Roger  Goodwin's  barn." 

1827  Nathaniel  Gerrish  and  Moses  Tebbets,  innholders,  and  Paul  C. 
Tebbets,  Robert  Jack  &  Co.,  Eaton  &  Carr,  Aaron  Dwinal,  William  Colby, 
Joshua  Gerrish,  Jacob  Bibber,  Ebenezer  Ham,  James  Weymouth,  Miss  Harriet 
G.  Sampson,  Sewell  Moody,  retailers,  were  licensed  to  sell  liquors.  1828  241 
votes  cast  for  presidential  electors,  Levi  Hubbard  receiving  172,  Cornelius 
Holland  61).  Voted  to  give  Sampson  Colb}^  -^3.50  for  a  chest  four  feet  long, 
two  feet  wide,  and  one  and  one-half  foot  high,  to  keep  the  town's  books  and 
[)apers.  1829  voted  to  petition  the  legislature  for  a  new  county.  1832  voted 
that  we  disapprove  of  the  doings  of  the  majority  of  our  late  legislature  in 
agreeing  to  sell  a  part  of  the  state  to  the  British,  and  Aaron  Dwinal,  Moses 
Tebbets,  Jose[)h  Sandborn,  James  Emerson,  and  Paul  C.  Tebbets  chosen  to 
draft  resolutions  on  this  subject.  1833  voted  not  to  grant  licenses  to  retailers 
of  spirituous  liquors.  1837  22  school  districts  formed.  1839  voted  to  divide 
the  town,  and  William  Garcelon  of  Lewiston,  Johnson  Jacques  of  Bowdoin, 
and  Elisha  Barrell  of  Greene,  chosen  committee  to  make  the  division.  1840 
the  town  meeting  is  held  in  the  barn  of  Nathaniel  Gerrish.  1842  voted  to 
raise  1625  for  support  of  schools.  1844,  March,  voted  to  raise  money  to  build 
a  town-house  the  present  year.  Chose  John  Whittemore,  John  Ham,  and 
Peter  Charles  to  locate  a  place  and  procure  land,  etc.,  for  said  house.  April 
13  voted  to  locate  the  place  and  build  the  town-house  on  land  of  Horace 
Corbett  opposite  the  brick  school-house  at   the  Factory  village;    also  voted 


Town  of  Lisbon.  447 


that  the  selectmen  be  a  committee  to  superintend  tlie  building.  September  9 
the  Lisbonians  assembled  at  the  town-house  for  their  first  meeting  therein. 
1845,  March  17,  voted  to  have  the  town-house  Painted  on  the  Outside  (Red) 
and  a  stove  furnished ;  voted,  that  tlie  selectmen  be  a  committee  to  attend  to 
the  retailing  of  spirituous  liquors,  and  put  the  license  law  in  force.  1847  voted 
in  favor  of  having  a  toll-bridge  over  the  Androscoggin  river  at  or  near  the 
southwest  bend  of  said  river.  1850  27  votes  in  favor  and  40  votes  against 
changing  the  time  of  meeting  of  the  legislature.  1851  voters  sustain  the 
present  liquor  law. 

Action  of  Town  in  the  Civil  War.  — 1861,  November  10,  the  inhabitants 
voted  that  the  selectmen  should  see  to  the  families  of  all  who  have  enlisted  or 
may  enlist  in  the  U.  S.  service,  inhabitants  of  Lisbon,  and  assist  them  if  they 
need  assistance,  and  not  consider  them  town  paupers.  1862,  July  19,  resolved 
that  a  liberal  encouragement  ought  to  be  given  to  persons  who  are  willing  to 
leave  their  homes  and  their  families  to  tight  the  battles  of  our  country,  protect 
our  homes  and  the  constitution,  and  uphold  the  honor  of  our  flag,  by  volunteer- 
ing their  services,  rather  than  by  a  resort  to  draft.  Also  resolved  and  voted 
that  ilOO  be  paid  to  each  volunteer,  to  the  number  of  15,  who  will  enlist 
within  twenty  days.  Voted  and  chose  Aaron  J.  West,  agent.  August  25 
voted  to  choose  two  recruiting  officers,  one  for  the  Factory  village,  and  one 
for  Little  River  village,  who  shall  open  offices  for  the  enlistment  of  men  as  are 
called  for  as  the  quota  of  this  town,  and  $100  be  offered  each  person  who  may 
enlist,  etc.  This  motion  was  made  by  Asa  P.  Moore,  Esq.  Aaron  J.  West  and 
Emery  W.  Sawyer  were  chosen  recruiting  officers;  also,  voted  that  the  select- 
men hire  $1,800.  December  8,  voted  to  authorize  the  treasurer  to  hire  $300, 
to  be  expended  for  the  support  of  soldiers'  families.  1805,  January  2,  voted 
to  raise  $450  for  each  soldier  procured  for  three  years,  if  they  cannot  be 
procured  for  less,  and  to  instruct  the  selectmen  to  assist  the  agent  in  securing 
the  quota.  Henry  H.  Thompson  was  chosen  town  agent  in  place  of  A.  J. 
West,  deceased. 

1865  voted  to  exempt  the  Lisbon  Manufacturing  Company  and  the  Lisbon 
Centre  Falls  Manufacturing  Company  from  taxation  for  five  years.  1867 
town  line  between  Bowdoin  and  Lisbon  established.  133  votes,  all  cast,  were 
in  favor  of  the  suppression  of  drinking  houses  and  tippling  shops.  1870  voted 
to  exempt  from  taxation  for  ten  years  any  manufacturing  establishment  that 
may  be  erected  at  the  Lisbon  Centre  Falls  privilege ;  also  to  exempt  for  five 
years  the  property  owned  and  operated  by  N.  W.  Farwell.  1871  voted  to 
abolish  the  school  district  system ;  voted  to  build  school-houses  in  the  Plains 
and  Frazier  districts ;  also  to  build  this  town's  portion  of  the  bridge  across  the 
Androscoggin  at  once,  and  raise  $1,200  for  the  purpose.  1872  voted  to  exempt 
from  taxation  for  ten  years  all  buildings,  machinery,  and  capital  erected,  used, 
and  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  or  leather  in  any  form, 


448  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


provided  the  capital  so  employed  shall  amount  to  'flO,000.  1876  voted  to 
fund  the  floating  debt.  1870  voted  to  accept  High,  Winter,  and  Park  streets. 
229  votes  cast  in  favor  and  5  votes  against  state  biennial  elections  and  biennial 
sessions  of  the  legislature.  1880  cast  275  votes  for  and  170  votes  against  the 
amendmejit  of  the  Constitution  to  provide  for  the  election  of  a  governor  by  a 
plurality;  also  273  vot^s  for  and  109  votes  against  constitution  amendment  to 
chano-e  the  term  of  office  of  senators  and  representatives.  1882  voted  to  raise 
|;250  for  a  free  high  school ;  also  to  raise  !il<2,300  to  build  a  school-house  on 
Lisbon  street.  1885  voted  to  build  a  school-house  at  Lisbon  village  this  year; 
also  voted  to  exempt  from  taxation  for  ten  years  the  Bowdoin  Paper  Man- 
ufacturing Coin})any.  1886  voted  to  expend  $2,000  for  an  engine  house,  lot, 
building,  and  reservoirs  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  f|2,000  for  the  purchase  of  engine 
liouse  and  lot,  and  building  reservoirs  at  Lisbon  village.  1888  voted  that  we 
have  a  new  school-house  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  to  raise  f300  to  build  a  sidewalk 
from  Lisbon  Centre  to  Lisbon  post-oflice.  Electoral  ticket  for  President 
headed  by  Samuel  N.  Campbell  had  314  votes ;  that  by  Clark  S.  Edwards, 
255;  that  by  Neal  Dow,  28;  that  by  Dexter  W.  Smith,  13.  1890  voted  to 
raise  1500  to  purchase  a  hearse ;  also  to  build  a  new  school-house  in  the  Durgin 
district.  The  annual  report  for  the  year  ending  March,  1891,  gives  the 
valuation  as  $1,471,318.  Of  this  $1,191,319  is  resident  and  $97,265  non- 
resident real  estate,  $180,834  is  resident  and  $2,400  non-resident  personal 
estate.  The  amount  assessed  was  $24,004.90;  number  [)olls,  826;  rate  of  tax- 
ation, .0151.  The  expenditures  included:  roads  and  bridges,  $4,966.62; 
contingent  account,  $2,280.52;  su[)port  of  soldiers  and  families,  $551.68  ;  fire 
department,  $321 .82 ;  street  lights  at  Lisbon  Falls,  $200  ;  Memorial  Day,  $50  ; 
sup])ort  of  poor,  $657.54 ;  new  school-house,  $786.45.  The  farm  account  shows, 
$156.33  in  favor  of  the  farm.  The  town's  total  interest-bearing  debt  is 
$11,257.34,  a  decrease  of  $2,838.44 ;  its  resources  are  $7,466.43,  making  the 
net  indebtedness,  $3,790.91,  a  decrease  of  $4,927.55.  The  receipts  amounted 
to  $22,363.16;  disbursements,  $20,784.19. 

Civil  List.  — 1801  —  Noah  Jordan,  clerk;  Thomas  Ham,  John  Smulleu,  Jonathan  Hebbert, 
selectmen.  1802  —  Noah  Jordan,  clerk;  Thomas  Ham,  John  Smnllen,  Jonathan  Hebbert,  selectmen. 
1803 — Noah  Jordan,  clerk;  Jonathan  Hebbert,  Thomas  Ham,  John  Smnllen,  selectmen.  1804  — 
Noah  Jordan,  clerk;  Jonathan  Hebbert,  Thomas  Ham,  John  SmuUen,  selectmen.  1805 — Noah 
Jordan,  clerk;  Robert  Howey,  John  Smnllen,  Thomas  Ham,  selectmen.  1800  —  Samuel  Tebbets, 
clerk;  Thomas  Ham,  Robert  Hewey,  Nathan  Hanson,  selectmen.  1807  — Daniel  Hanson,  clerk;  John 
Snmllen,  .Tosiah  Trno,  Thomas  Ham,  selectmen.  1808 — Daniel  Hanson,  clerk;  Josiali  True,  Thomas 
Ham,  (Jidoon  Curtis,  selectmen.  180!) — Daniel  Hanson,  clerk;  Samuel  Tebbets,  Josiah  True,  Isaac 
Tebbets,  Jr,  selectmen.  1810  — Ezekiel  Thompson,  clei-k;  Gideon  Curtis,  Samuel  Tebbets,  James 
Small,  selectmen.  1811  — Eaekiel  Thompson,  clerk;  Samuel  Tebbets,  Gideon  Curtis,  James  Small, 
.selectmen.  1812  — Ezekiel  Thompson,  clerk;  James  Small,  Melvin  Stow,  Isaac  Tebbets,  selectmen. 
1813  — Daniel  Hanson,  clerk;  Moses  Tebbets,  Ezekiel  Thompson,  John  Smnllen,  selectmen.  1814  — 
Daniel  Hanson,  clerk;  John  Smullen,  Moses  Tebbets,  Daniel  Hanson,  selectmen.  1815  — Daniel 
Hanson,  clerk;  John  Smullen,  Moses  Tebbets,  Daniel  Hanson,  selectmen.  1816  — Daniel  Hanson, 
clerk;  James  Small,  Daniel  Hanson,  Nathaniel  Eames,  selectmen.  1817  — James  Small,  clerk;  James 
Small,  John  Smullen,  Daniel    Hanson,   selectmen.      1818— John    Smullen,   clerk;    John   Smullen, 


Town  of  Lisbon.  449 


Benjamin  D.  Bryant,  Ezekiel  Thompson,  selectmen.  1819  —  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  clerk;  James  Small, 
Paul  C  Tebbets,  Benjamin  D.  Bryant,  selectmen.  1820 — Paul  C.  Tebbets,  clerk;  Paul  C.  Tebbets, 
James  Small,  Daniel  Hanson,  selectmen.  1821  —  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  clerk;  Moses  Tebbets,  Benjamin  D. 
Bryant,  Joseph  Sandborn,  selectmen.  1822  —  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  clerk;  Joseph  Sandborn,  William  P. 
Davis,  William  Coombs,  selectmen.  1823  —  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  clerk;  Joseph  Sandborn,  William 
P.  Davis,  William  Coombs,  selectmen.  1824  —  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  clerk;  Joseph  Sandborn,  William 
Coombs,  John  Ham,  selectmen.  1825  —  Paul  C.  Tebbets,  clerk;  Joseph  Sandborn,  William  Coombs, 
John  Ham,  selectmen.  182G  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  William  Coombs,  John  Ham,  Samuel  True, 
selectmen.  1827  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  Ham,  Benjamin  D.  Bryant,  Mark  Garcelon,  selectmen. 
1828  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Benjamin  D.  Bi'yant,  William  Neal,  Mark  Garcelon,  selectmen.  1829  — 
Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  Ham,  Joseph  Sandborn,  Jonathan  Davis,  selectmen.  1830  —  Robert  Jack, 
clerk;  John  Ham,  Joseph  Sandborn,  Jonathan  Davis,  selectmen.  1831  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John 
Ham,  Joseph  Sandborn,  Jonathan  Davis,  selectmen.  1832  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  Ham,  Joseph 
Sandborn,  Jonathan  Davis,  selectmen.  1833  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Joseph  Sandborn,  Ebenezer  Hani, 
Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  selectmen.  1834  —Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Joseph  Sandborn,  William  Woodvrard, 
Robert  Jack,  selectmen.  1835— Joshua  Nuttina;,  clerk;  Joseph  Sandborn,  Thomas  Jordan,  Simeon 
Dwinal,  selectmen.  18.3G  —  Joshua  Nutting,  clerk;  Thomas  Jordan,  Simeon  Dwinal,  Joseph  Mooi'e, 
selectmen.  1837 — Joshua  Nutting,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  Jonathan  B.  Jordan, 
selectmen.  1838  —  Joshua  Nutting,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  Jonathan  B.Jordan, 
selectmen.  1839  —  Joshua  Nutting,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  Jonathan  B.  Jordan, 
selectmen.  1840  —  John  Hoyt,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Peter  Charles,  James  Booker,  selectmen. 
1841  —  John  Hoyt,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Peter  Charles,  John  Whittemore,  selectmen.  1842  —  John 
Hoyt,  clerk;  John  Whittemore,  James  Booker,  John  Ham,  selectmen.  1843  —  John  Hoyt,  clerk; 
John  Whittemore,  James  Booker,  John  Ham,  selectmen.  1844  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  Whitte- 
more, John  Ham,  Peter  Charles,  selectmen.  1845  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Asaph  K. 
Horton,  Ammi  Dunham,  selectmen.  1846  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Ammi  Dunham, 
Peter  Charles,  selectmen.  1847  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Joseph  Moore,  Ammi  Dunham,  Enoch  Stover, 
selectmen.  1848 — Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  Ham,  Asaph  K.  Horton,  Joseph  I).  SmuUen,  selectmen. 
1849  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Asaph  K.  Horton,  Ammi  Dunham,  Addison  Metcalf,  selectmen.  1850  — 
Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  Whittemore,  John  Ham,  Jacob  Whitney,  selectmen.  1851  —  Robert  Jack, 
clerk;  William  Neal,  Addison  Metcalf,  William  S.  Cotton,  selectmen.  18.52  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk; 
Simeon  Dwinal,  Jacob  Whitney,  Edward  P.  Briggs,  selectmen.  1853  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Simeon 
Dwinal,  Jacob  Whitney,  Edward  P.  Briggs,  selectmen.  1854  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  L.  Davis, 
William  S.  Cotton,  William  Blake,  Jr,  selectmen.  1855 — Robert  Jack,  clerk;  William  S.  Cotton, 
John  B.  Douglass,  Joseph  Durgan,  selectmen.  1856  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  William  S.  Cotton,  Asaph 
K.  Horton,  John  L.  Davis,  selectmen.  1857  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  John  L.  Davis,  Thomas  T.  Small, 
Jason  Rand,  selectmen.  1858  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Reuben  Rand,  John  Atwood,  James  Farrow, 
selectmen.  1859  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Reuben  Rand,  John  ^Vtwood,  James  Farrow,  selectmen. 
1860  —  Robert  Jack,  clerk;  Reuben  Rand,  William  S.  Cotton,  Charles  B.  Jordan,  selectmen.  1861  — 
Robert  Jack,  clerk;  William  S.  Cotton,  Aaron  J.  West,  Charles  B.  Jordan,  selectmen.  1862  —  Robert 
Jack,  clerk;  Aaron  J.  West,  Henry  H.  Thompson,  David  F.  Shea,  selectmen.  1863  —  R.  W.Jack, 
clerk;  A.  J.  West,  H.  H.  Thompson,  D.  F.  Shea,  selectmen.  1864 —R.  W.  Jack,  clerk;  A.  J.  West, 
James  G.  Jordan,  Jason  Rand,  .selectmen.  January,  1865,  chose  H.  H.  Thompson  in  lieu  of  A.  J. 
West,  deceased,  and  H.  C.  White  in  lieu  of  Jason  Rand,  resigned.  18()5 — Charles  B.  Jordan,  clerk; 
J.  G.  Joi'dan,  W.  S.  Cotton,  Jordan  Rand,  selectmen.  1866  —  C.  B.  Jordan,  clerk;  J.  G.  Jordan, 
Edmoud  H.  Ham,  Seth  P.  Crosman,  selectmen.  1867  —  C.  B.  Jordan,  clerk;  J.  G.  Jordan,  S.  P. 
Crosman,  O.  R.  Small,  selectmen.  1868  —  Aaron  Nutting,  clerk;  S.  P.  Crosman,  O.  R.  Small,  Jesse 
Davis,  selectmen.  1869  —  Aaron  Nutting,  clerk;  O.  R.  Small,  Jesse  Davis,  H.  C.White,  selectmen. 
1870  — A.  Nutting,  clerk;  O.  R.  Small,  Orlando  Merrill,  H.  C.  White,  selectmen.  1871  — A.  Nutting, 
clerk;  H.  C.  White,  Orlando  Merrill,  A.  E.  Jordan,  .selectmen.  1872  — A.  Nutting,  clerk;  A.  E. 
Jordan,  J.  G.  Tebbets,  C.  H.  Douglass,  selectmen;  in  June,  Douglass  resigned,  and  Edward  H.  Berry 
chosen.  1873  —  A.  Nutting,  clerk;  A.  E.  Jordan,  J.  G.  Tebbets,  Edward  Berry,  selectmen.  1874  — 
A.  Nutting,  clerk;  E.  H.  Ham,  H.  V.  Small,  Edward  Berry,  selectmen.  1875— A.  Nutting,  clerk; 
E.  H.  Ham,  E.  N.  Chamberlain,  J.  G.  Tebbets,  selectmen.  1876- A.  Nutting,  clerk;  E.  N.  Chamber- 
lain, Jordan  Rand,  Hiram  V.  Small,  selectmen.  1877 — A.  Nutting,  clerk;  E.  N.  Chamberlain, 
Hiram  V.  Small,  E.  M.  Shaw,  selectmen.  1878  —  A.  Nutting,  clerk;  E.  N.  Chamberlain,  Hiram  V. 
Small,  J.  R.  Edgecomb,  selectmen.  1879  —  A.  Nutting,  clerk;  E.  N.  Chamberlain,  J.  R.  Edgecomb, 
E.  M.  Shaw,  selectmen.  1880 — A.  Nutting,  clerk;  A.  E.  Jordan,  Jere  Philbrook,  Henry  Farrar, 
selectmen.    1881  —  A.  Nutting,  clerk;   A.  E.  Jordan,  Jere  Philbrook,  Henry  W.  Farrar,  selectmen. 


450  History  of  Andkoscoggin  County. 


1882  — A.  Nutting,  clerk;  A.  E.  Jordan,  Jere  Philbrook,  Henry  W.  Farrar,  selectmen.  1883  — A. 
Nutting,  clerk;  A.  E.  Jordan,  Henry  W.  Farrar,  Edward  Marr,  selectmen.  1884— A.  Nutting,  clerk; 
A.  E.  Jordan,  Henry  W.  Farrar,  Edward  Marr,  selectmen.  1885  — G.  Eugene  Bobbins,  clerk;  A.  E. 
Jordan,  John  Smith,  George  Crosman,  selectmen.  188()  — E.  H.  Lunt,  clerk;  A.  E.  Jordan,  John 
Smith,  W.  S.  Cotton,  Jr,  selectmen.  1887  — E.  H.  Lunt,  clerk;  John  Smith,  G.  W.  Gowell,  George 
Plummer,  selectmen.  1888  — James  H.  Eacott,  clerk;  John  Smith,  G.  W.  Gowell,  George  Plummer, 
selectmen.  1889  — E.  H.  Lunt,  clerk;  John  Smith,  G.  W.  Gowell,  George  Plummer,  selectmen. 
1890— James  H.  Eacott,  clerk;  John  Smith,  J.  H.  Coombs,  F.  A.  Jordan,  selectmen.  1891— James 
H.  Eacott,  clerk;  John  Smith,  Frank  A.  Jordan,  E.  H.  Lunt,  selectmen. 


CHAPTER   XXn. 


Religious  Societies —  Free  Baptists  —  Congregationalists  —  Universalists  —  Methodists 
—  Baptist  Church  of  Lisbon  Falls  — The  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

RELIGIOUS  SOCIETIES.  — Ill  1808  there  was  an  article  in  the  warrant 
"to  see  if  the  town  will  choose  an  agent  to  attend  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  at  Warren,  to  answer  to  a  complaint  against  said  town,  for  not 
employing  and  supporting  a  teacher  of  piety,  religion,  and  morality,  and  for 
neglect  in  providing  for  the  jjublic  worship  of  God  as  the  law  requires."  Abel 
Boynton  was  chosen,  and  in  1811  the  sum  of  -iilOO  was  voted  for  support  of 
the  Gospel,  to  be  a[)pro[)ruited  under  the  direction  of  Samuel  Tebbets,  Esq., 
Deacon  Joseph  Kilgore,  Ca[)tain  Moses  Tebbets,  Ca[)tain  Nathaniel  Eames, 
Isaac  Smith,  and  Gideon  Curtis.  This  is  the  first  record  found  of  any 
appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  gospel.  The  first  preachers  were  Elder 
James  (Jarcelon  and  Elder  Cole,  Baptists. 

Free  Baptiats.  —  The  first  "Church  of  Christ  in  Lisbon  called  Ereewill 
Baptist,"  was  organized  by  Elder  Josiah  Farwell,  in  1812,  and  consisted  of  these 
members:  Hezekiah  Purington,  Susan  Purington,  Jonathan  Blethen,  Nancy 
Fulton,  Isabella  Kimball,  Polly  Sutherland,  Ruth  Tebbets,  Hannah  Smith, 
Axy  Blethen.  The  present  Free  Baptist  society  was  organized  November  8, 
18(52,  by  Reuben  Rand,  with  these  members :  Isaac  Blake,  William  D.  Crockett, 
James  A.  Harmon,  Charles  B.  Jordan,  James  G.  Jordan,  Jacob  Whitney,  John 
Gould,  John  Smith,  John  Hatch,  Charles  Smith,  Caleb  C.  Smith,  Harrison 
Davis,  Samuel  Hiiddey,  Philip  G.  Frost.  It  has  been  ministered  to  by  Revs. 
Albert  W.  Purinton,  O.  II.  True,  Andrews,  Kimball,  Bartlett,  and  Gould. 

The  Free  Baptist  Church  at  Lisbon  Falls  was  organized  November  20,  1856, 
by  a  council  consisting  of  Revs.  N.  Bard  and  W.  T.  Smith  and  fifteen  members. 
George  Plummer  was  chosen  clerk,  Nathaniel  Gatchell  and  Charles  Brown 
deacons.     The  church  made  but  little  progress  the  next  five  years,  worsliiping 


Town  or  Lisbon.  451 


with  other  cluiiches  in  union  meetings.  In  1862  it  was  decided  to  hold  a 
separate  meeting,  and  a  house  was  obtained.  The  original  members  were  Ira 
G.  Ridlon,  Sihis  Plummer,  George  Plnmmer,  Isaac  Doughiss,  Charles  Brown, 
Natlianiel  Gatchell,  Abigail  Douglass,  Nancy  Douglass,  Emily  E.  Plummer, 
Almira  J.  Plummer,  Mary  M.  Ilidlon,  Mary  Hewey,  Deborah  Gatchell,  Elizabeth 
P>rown,  and  Theresa  Cornish.  Pastors:  The  first  was  Rev.  George  Plummer, 
five  years;  Rev.  A.  F.  Hutchinson,  one  year;  Rev.  H.  Lockhart,  two  and  one- 
half  years;  Rev.  A.  L.  Morey,  one  year;  Rev.  G.  O.  Wiggin,  one  year;  Rev. 
O.  L.  Gile,  one  year;  Rev.  Charles  Mason,  one  year;  Rev.  H.  F.  Young,  two 
years;  Rev.  B.  M.  Edwards,  two  and  one-half  years.  The  last  pastor  was  Rev. 
John  Nason.  The  old  church  being  too  small  it  was  thought  advisable  to 
build  a  new  church,  and  in  1887  one  was  erected.  Among  the  contributors 
were  Frank  Gutmann,  who  gave  -11,000  ;  G.  C.  Moses,  |500;  Edward  Plummer, 
1500.  The  church  cost  over  #6,000,  and  was  dedicated  March  6,  1888.  Rev. 
Carter  E.  Cate,  of  Lewiston,  preached  the  dedicatory  sermon. 

A  Congregational  church  building  was  erected  on  the  Ridge,  about  1840. 
The  original  members  were  Esquire  Moody  and  wife,  Edmund  Berry  and  wife, 
Stephen  Gould  and  wife,  and  Mrs  George  Smith.  Rev.  Stephen  Merrill  was 
the  first  pastor.     This  church  became  extinct  as  early  as  1870. 

The  Universalists  have  been  numerous  at  Lisbon  for  years,  but  there  is  no 
active  organization.  A  society  has  existed  for  some  years  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and 
services  have  been  held  semi-monthly  (or  nearly  so)  by  various  clergymen  in 
Good  Templar's  Hall. 

Methodisiyi.  —  At  the  introduction  of  Metliodism  into  this  section,  Lisbon 
formed  a  part  of  "  Bowdoinham  circuit,"  organized  in  1803,  and  included  Bath, 
Bowdoinham,  Bowdoin,  Topsham,  Georgetown,  Pejepscot,  Durham,  Pownal, 
and  Lisbon.  Afterwards  classes  were  formed  in  Litchfield,  Wales,  Lewiston, 
Richmond,  and  Phippsburg,  and  these  were  added  to  the  circuit.  In  1806  the 
name  was  changed  to  Durham  circuit.  In  1830  Lisbon  was  made  a  part  of 
Monmouth  circuit.  In  1835  Lisbon  circuit  was  organized  of  Lisbon,  Wales, 
and  Lewiston.  During  1836-7  Lisbon  was  re-united  with  Durham  circuit,  but 
in  1838  Lisbon  circuit  was  restored  with  its  former  limits.  From  1835 
preaching  continued  at  Sabattus  on  alternate  Sabbaths  until  1850,  when,  under 
the  ministration  of  Rev.  E.  K.  Colby,  that  appointment  was  abandoned.  There 
were  28  members  in  the  class  at  Sabattus,  and  they  continued  to  supply  them- 
selves with  preaching  for  several  years,  being  served  by  Rev.  R.  J.  Ayer  and 
Rev.  Thomas  Mason.  The  lot  of  land  on  which  the  church  formerly  stood  at 
Sabattus  was  sold  in  1880  and  the  proceeds  invested  in  the  new  M.  E.  church 
at  Lisbon. 

Perhaps  it  would  be  of  interest  to  note  the  fat  salaries  on  which  Methodist 
preachers  lived  in  "ye  olden  times."  In  the  steward's  account  for  1809  are 
these  "disbursements"  for  the  year:  "Expense,  -f  2.12 ;  J.  Soule  (afterwards 


452  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Bishop  Soule),  13.00;  J.  W.  Hardy,  18.62;  J.  Spaulding,  11.05;  R.  Hays, 
$6.16 ;  L.  Sargent,  $2.45 ;  total,  $23.40."  Preachers  then  lived  on  faith  and 
"of  the  gospel."  Their  home  was  in  the  saddle;  and  they  "boarded  round." 
Again,  in  1815,  we  find  the  following  distributions:  "  O.  Beale,  $11.08;  R. 
Hays,  $47.80;  J.  Paine,  $23.90;  expense,  $7.22;  total,  $90."  Some  grateful 
preacher  has  appended  this  comment  to  the  record:  "  Lord,  fulfill  Thy  promise 
to  the  benevolent.  Amen!"  As  early  as  1824  records  show  that  luxury  had 
crept  in.  We  read  of  "table  expenses"  (the  ministry  had  so  far  declined 
that  some  of  them  lived  in  parsonages  and  indulged  in  the  unncessary 
expense  of  having  a  family).  The  charges  for  that  year  were:  "Caleb  Fogg, 
$61.73;  Aaron  Sanderson,  $30.86;  total,  $92.59."  In  1840  the  times  had 
become  quite  corrupt,  as  indicated  by  these  prodigal  "estimates":  "  Table 
expenses,  $52 ;  house  rent,  $15  ;  horse-keeping,  $20;  firewood,  $18  ;  quarterage 
for  preacher  and  wife,  $200;  (quarterage  for  two  children,  $32;  moving  (50 
miles),  $10;  horse-shoeing,  $4;  total,  $351."  What  part  of  the  estimate  was 
paid  is  not  stated.  The  records  for  successive  years  show,  however,  that  it 
was  not  considered  necessary  to  pay  more  than  50  to  75  cents  on  the  dollar. 

The  Sunday  school  of  the  church  was  organized  in  June,  1844,  with  nine 
teachers  and  40  scholars.  The  church  records  contain  no  mention  of  it  save 
this  report  made  at  the  Quarterly  Meeting  in  Brunswick,  June  9,  1849:  "The 
broken  schools  in  unpromising  condition"  —  perhaps  50  scholars  and  ten 
teachers  and  officers.  June  13,  1880,  was  observed  as  the  thirty-sixth  anniver- 
sary of  its  organization,  and  also  as  the  centennial  of  Sunday  schools.  The 
attendance  that  day  was  100,  the  largest  in  its  history,  and  the  average 
attendance  for  that  year  is  given  as  75.  At  the  same  time  as  the  centennial 
was  observed  the  second  anniversary  of  Children's  Day.  A  large  audience 
attended.     A  Sunday  school  missionary  society  was  organized  in  1879. 

The  first  meeting-house  was  erected  in  1818,  on  the  site  of  the  present 
church  edifice,  during  the  pastorate  of  Joshua  Randall.  The  land  was  given 
by  Nathaniel  Gerrish,  and  $383  was  raised  by  subscription.  The  building  was 
a  roughly-finished  structure,  40  x  36,  with  walls  12  feet  in  the  clear,  and  was  a 
free  church  until  1840,  when  extensive  repairs  were  made,  a  vestibule  and 
steeple  added,  and  box  pews  (into  which  the  members  could  be  securely 
buttoned)  took  the  place  of  the  board  seats,  and  they  were  sold  to  cover 
expenses  of  repairing.  This  was  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Joseph  Milliken, 
who  did  more  than  any  other  to  preserve  the  history  of  the  church.  In  1859, 
under  Rev.  K.  Atkinson,  the  house  was  remodeled,  and  more  comfortable  pews 
substituted.  In  1871  the  lofty  gallery  and  pulpit  were  brought  down  to 
moderate  elevation.  In  1879  the  old  meeting-house  was  sold  to  Simeon 
Nichols,  moved  a  short  distance,  and  passed  into  the  hands  of  Hon.  Jesse 
Davis,  who  placed  a  story  under  it  and  changed  it  into  Union  Hall.  The  same 
year  a  new  church  was  commenced  on  the  old  spot;  size  54x34  feet,  with  a 


Town  of  Lisbon.  453 


corner  tower  14x14,  and  recess  in  the  rear  12x4;  the  cost  was  $2,200, 
exclusive  of  furnishing.  It  was  dedicated  March  19, 1880,  as  a  free  church  and 
free  of  debt.  This  was  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  E.  S.  Stackpole,  and  to 
him  should  be  awarded  the  credit  of  collecting  and  compiling  the  early  history 
of  the  church.  I  have  been  unable  to  learn  the  dates  of  the  early  members,  but 
among  them  were  William  J^ake,  Stephen  Foss,  Gideon  Curtis,  Abel  Curtis, 
Edward  Woodbury,  David  McFarland,  Nathaniel  Gerrish,  Joshua  Gerrish  and 
his  wife.  (John  Dean,  who  lived  at  Dean's  Ferry,  was  recorded  in  Lisbon 
town  records  of  1812  as  a  member  of  the  Methodist  society  in  Durham.) 
Under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  O.  S.  Pilsbury,  a  fine  church  edifice  was  erected  at 
Lisbon  Falls,  at  a  cost  of  !|4,200,  and  dedicated  October  10,  1889.  The  pulpit 
is  filled  by  the  pastor  of  Lisbon  church. 

List  of  Preachers.  — imi,  True  (Jlidden;  1804,  Daniel  Dudley;  1S05,  Allen  H.  Cobb;  ISOG,  Eleazer 
Wells;  1807,  David  Carr;  1808,  Warren  Bannister,  Isaac  Smith;  180<),  John  W.  Hardy,  J.  Spaulding, 
R.  Hays;  1810,  William  Frost,  Nathan  B.  Ashcroft;  1811,  William  March,  Cyrus  Cummings;  1812, 
Ebenezer  Blake,  John  Adams;  1813,  John  Adams,  E.  W.  Coffin;  1814,  Philip  Ayer,  Bradbury  Clay ; 
1815,  R.  Hays,  John  Paine;  ISKJ,  Ebenezer  F.  Newell,  Caleb  Fogg;  1817,  Joshua  Randall,  J.  Ambler; 
1818,  John  Lewis,  Eliezer  Steele;  1819,  Job  Pratt,  James  L.  Bishop;  1820,  Benjamin  Ayer,  Elijah 
Spear;  1821,  Benjamin  Burnham,  Daniel  Wentworth;  1822,  Benjamin  Burnham;  1823,  Abram 
Holway,  William  Gardner;  1824,  Caleb  Fogg,  Aaron  Sanderson;  1825,  True  Page,  Silas  Frink;  1826, 
True  Page,  James  Harrington;  1827,  James  Weston,  Caleb  Fogg;  1828,  Isaac  W.  Moore,  James  Smith; 
1829,  R.  J.  Ayer,  VVm  F.  Farrington,  George  D.  Strout;  1830,  Daniel  Crockett;  1831,  Moses  Davis; 
1832,  Orin  Bent,  William  Tripp;  1833,  D.  Stimpson;  1834,  B.  Bryant;  1835,  Joseph  Gerry;  1836, 
Benjamin  Burnham,  T.  Greenhalgh;  1837,  Benjamin  Burnham,  A.  Fuller;  1838-9,  H.  L.  Linscott; 
1840,  Joseph  Milliken,  1841,  Joseph  Lull;  1842,  Orin  Bent;  1843,  Dan  Perry;  1844-5,  Noah  Hobart; 
1846,  Caleb  Mugford;  1847,  Dan  Perry;  1848,  David  Copeland;  1849,  Seth  B.  Chase;  1850,  E.  K.  Colby; 
1851,  A.  P.  Sanborn;  1852-3,  Asa  Green;  1854,  Levi  Eldridge;  1855-6,  Thomas  Hillmau;  1857-8,  Kinsman 
Atkinson;  1859-60,  Samuel  W.  Russell;  1861,  George  W.  Ballon;  1862-3,  Alpha  Turner;  1864,  Francis 
Grovener;  1865,  William  Stout;  1866-7,  Isaac  Lord;  1868,  Thomas  Hillman;  1869,  W.  Wyman;  1870, 
J.  T.  Walker;  1871,  James  H.  Mason;  1872,  Ezekiel  Smith;  1873,  Thomas  J.  True;  1874,  Fred  M. 
Pickles;  1875,  Sylvester  D.  Brown;  1876-77,  Aaron  Sanderson;  1878,  John  B.  Fogg;  1879-80,  Everett  S. 
Stackpole;  1881,  Hezekiah  Chace;  1882-83,  Robert  E.  Bisbee;  1884,  supplied  by  R.  Sanderson  and 
P.  C.  Rogers;  1885-6-7,  Samuel  T.  Record;  1888-9-90,  O.  S.  Pilsbury. 

The  Baptist  Church  of  Lisbon  Falls.  ^  —  This  church  was  organized  July 
1,  1858.  In  answer  to  a  request  of  brethren  and  sisters,  a  council  was 
convened  of  delegates  from  the  Baptist  churches  of  Lewiston,  Bowdoinham, 
South  Bowdoin,  Topsham,  and  in  Brunswick.  The  council  was  organized  by 
choosing  Deacon  Thomas  Wilson,  moderator,  and  Philip  A.  Briggs,  clerk. 
Letters  were  read  from  various  churches  recommending  to  fellowship  Edsil 
Webber,  Philip  G.  Frost,  Jeremiah  Philbrook,  David  F.  Shea,  Margaret 
Coombs,  Bridget  Coombs,  Delia  Huskey,  Elizabeth  Andrews,  Mary  Ham, 
Asenith  Goodwin,  Parna  R.  Batchelder,  Margaret  Ham,  Eunice  Frost,  and 
Mehitable  Neal.  Articles  of  faith  and  practice  having  been  read  and  assented 
to  by  them,  it  was  voted  that  the  service  of  recognition  be  held  at  two  o'clock 
P.M.,    July    1,    1858,    when    this    programme    was    carried    out:     Reading   of 

1  By  John  H.  Dearing. 


454  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Scriptures,  Rev.  J.  Hutchinson;  opening  prayer,  Rev.  John  Lewis;  sermon. 
Rev.  George  Knox;  prayer  of  recognition,  Rev.  J.  Hutchinson;  hand  of 
fellowship,  Rev.  Moses  Hanscom;  charge  to  the  church,  Rev.  Moses  Hanscom. 
After  its  organization  this  little  band  of  14  labored  on,  receiving  occasional 
additions,  and  in  June,  1863,  numbered  22  members.  They  enjoyed  occasional 
preaching  till  April,  1859,  when  Rev.  L.  P.  Gurney  became  stated  supply,  and 
preached  one-fourth  of  the  time  for  one  year.  Rev.  C.  Ayer  then  preached 
part  of  the  time  for  nine  months,  commencing  in  June,  1860.  The  pulpit  was 
filled  occasionally  till  February,  1862,  when  Rev.  George  E.  Tucker  became 
stated  supply  for  two  years.  The  first  year  one-fourth,  and  the  second  one- 
half  of  the  time.  Rev.  W.  E.  Noyes  preached  one-half  the  time  for  one  year 
commencing  March,  1864. 

The  first  settled  pastor  was  Rev.  S.  W.  Avery,  who  commenced  his  labors 
in  June,  1865.  He  was  a  deep  thinker,  a  wise  counselor,  and  a  sound  and  able 
preacher.  He  died  suddenly  at  Lisbon  Falls,  December  17,  1875.  During  his 
ministry  of  a  little  over  three  years,  19  were  added  to  the  church.  Rev. 
Sumner  Estes  was  pastor  from  May  1,  1869,  to  April  1,  1871.  Nine  were 
added  during  that  time.  Preaching  was  had  through  the  summer  principally 
by  Mr  Fish,  a  Newton  student.  October  25,  1871,  George  R.  Read,  just 
graduated  from  Newton  Theological  Institute,  was  ordained  as  pastor.  He 
was  much  beloved  by  the  people,  a  faithful  pastor,  and  a  good  preacher;  22 
were  added  during  his  ministry.  He  continued  in  the  work  till  December 
30,  1876,  when,  on  account  of  ill  health,  he  resigned  to  go  to  California.  For 
nearly  a  year  there  was  no  settled  pastor,  but  meetings  were  held  regularly 
and  preaching  was  had  most  of  the  time.  Rev.  H.  M.  Heywood,  of  Liberty, 
began  his  pastorate  November  25,  1877,  resigned  April  20,  1879.  Charles  H. 
Salsman,  a  Newton  student,  preached  through  the  summer.  Rev.  James  N. 
Studley  was  pastor  from  October  12,  1879,  to  April  3,  1881.  J.  H.  Parshley, 
of  Colby  University,  preached  during  the  summer  of  1881.  The  pulpit  was 
supplied  until  November  12,  1882,  when  Rev.  T.  G.  Lyons  became  pastor 
one  year.  January,  1884,  Rev,  E.  S.  Fish  began  his  work,  and  was  pastor  till 
his  death,  February  17,  1886.  He  was  a  man  whom  to  know  was  to  love  and 
respect.  During  the  last  four  months  of  his  life  he  was  not  able  to  preach 
much,  and  Rev.  W.  C.  Barrows  filled  the  desk  most  of  that  time,  also  for  a 
number  of  weeks  following.  E.  P.  Hoyt,  a  Newton  graduate,  preached  twice 
in  June,  1886,  and  having  accepted  a  call,  was  ordained  July  15,  1886,  and 
was  i)astor  one  year  when  he  resigned.  Preaching  was  had  every  Lord's  Day 
till  October  23,  1887,  when  Rev.  G.  W.  F.  Hill,  of  St  George,  became  pastor. 
During  the  pastorate  of  Mr  Hill,  one  of  the  members,  John  L.  Dearing,  a 
graduate  of  Colby  University  and  of  Newton  Theological  Institution,  was 
ordained  as  a  foreign  missionary  in  the  chapel,  June  25,  1889.  The  sermon 
was  preached  by  Rev.  James  McWhinnie,  D.D.;  ordaining  prayer.  Rev.  A.  M. 
P.  Small,  D.D.;    charge  to  candidate,  President  G.  D.  B.  Pepper,  of  Colby 


Town  of  Lisbon.  455 


University;  hand  of  fellowship,  Rev.  C.  C.  Tilley.  The  services  were  very 
impressive.  Mr  Bearing  started  on  his  journey  in  October,  and  arrived  at 
Yokahama,  Japan,  where  he  is  now  located,  November  5,  1889.  Mr  Hill 
closed  his  pastorate  April  27,  1890.  Deacon  W.  D.  Plumnier  and  others 
preached  a  number  of  times  during  the  summer.  In  September  Rev.  F.  A. 
Vinal  commenced  his  pastorate. 

There  have  been  137  members  connected  with  the  church  since  its  orgfani- 
zation ;  the  membership  at  the  present  time  is  54.  During  the  pastorate  of 
Rev.  S.  W.  Avery,  the  present  house  of  worship  was  built,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,200.  It  was  dedicated  May  25,  1866 ;  in  the  summer  of  1872  a  tower  was 
built,  and  a  bell  weighing  1,000  pounds  was  put  in ;  it  was  rung  for  the  first 
time  on  the  Fourth  of  July.  The  tower  and  bell  cost  about  $500.  In  the 
spring  of  1874,  an  addition  of  18  feet  was  made  to  the  chapel.  The  office  of 
deacon  was  filled  first  by  Jeremiah  Philbrook,  who  was  chosen  September  24, 
1863.  He  served  the  church  faithfully  for  more  than  22  years.  Joseph  H. 
Bearing  was  elected  deacon,  March  6,  1868.  Weston  D.  Pluramer  was  chosen 
deacon,  May  6,  1886.  The  two  last  are  still  in  office.  ClerkH.  —  William  C. 
Hall  served  from  July,  1858,  to  May,  1861 ;  Jeremiah  Philbrook  till  September, 
1863,  when  George  W.  Coombs  was  chosen;  he  resigned  August  6,1870,  when 
S.  W.  Avery  was  elected,  and  served  till  his  death,  December  19,  1875.  John 
L.  Dearing  was  clerk  from  January  1,  1876,  to  March  5,  1881,  when  the 
present  clerk,  J.  H.  Dearing,  was  chosen.  The  Sabbath  school  compares 
favorably  with  others  in  town.  A.  J.  West,  H.  C.  White,  George  C.  Wing,  C. 
M.  Hutchinson,  J.  Philbrook,  J.  H.  Dearing,  A.  Hoyle,  W.  D.  Plunimer,  and 
L.  L.  Barrell  have  served  as  su})erintendents.     The  last  named  is  now  in  office. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Church.  —  The  spiritual  wants  of  the  Roman  Catholics 
of  Lisbon  (mostly  French  Canadians)  were  ministered  to  for  some  years  by 
priests  from  Lewiston  and  Brunswick.  In  July,  1885,  Fr  H.  J.  McGill,  from 
Lewiston,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  parish  composed  of  200  members  of 
the  church  at  Lisbon,  100  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  50  at  Sabattus.  Under  his 
charge  and  by  his  zealous  and  efficient  labors  a  neat  and  commodious  church 
(St  Anne's),  with  a  parochial  residence,  was  provided  at  Lisbon  within  a  year, 
at  an  expense  of  $4,000.  There  has  also  since  then  been  provided  a  church  at 
Lisbon  Falls,  made  read}^  for  worsliip  some  two  years  ago.  At  Sabattus  they 
have  as  yet  no  church.  At  present  there  are  some  200  communicants  at 
Lisbon  and  the  same  number  at  Lisbon  Falls,  with  no  increase  at  Sabattus.  Fv 
McGill  devotes  his  time  and  services  among  his  several  charges  as  follows: 
Every  Sunday  at  Lisbon ;  every  alternate  Sunday  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  the 
same  at  Sabattus.  Plis  labors  have  been  rewarded  by  increased  improvement 
among  his  flock  spiritually  and  temporally.  A  society,  composed  of  the 
married  women  of  the  church,  and  known  as  the  "Ladies  of  St  Anne,"  has 
been  formed  for  pious  purposes  under  the  auspices  of  the  church  and  is  in  a 
flourishing  condition. 


456  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


CHAPTER  XXHI. 

Lisbon  Business  Interests  — Traders,  etc.  —  Farwell's  Cotton  Mills  — The  Farnsworth 
Company  —  New  England  Mineral  Paint  Company  —  Personal  Sketches  — Lisbon  Falls  — 
Worumbo  Manufacturing  Company  — The  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company  — Lisbon 
Falls  Fibre  Company  —  Lisbon  Falls  Co-operative  Association  — Lisbon  Falls  Creamery 
Association  — Merchants,  etc.  — Personal  Sketches. 

LISBON  BUSINESS  INTERESTS.  —  ^.  M.  Gernsh  is  the  oldest  trader. 
He  has  been  in  his  present  location  as  clerk  with  his  father,  the  late 
Joshua  Gerrish,  as  early  as  1854,  and  afterwards  as  a  partner  with  his 
younger  brother,  E.  H.  Gerrish  (now  a  druggist  in  Lewiston),  and  since  alone. 
He  carries  a  large  stock  of  dry  and  fancy  goods,  boots,  shoes,  and  gents' 
furnishing  goods.  O.  A.  Jordan  carries  on  a  successful  business  in  the  store 
formerly  occupied  by  his  father,  Hon.  Charles  B.  Jordan.  He  deals  in  dry  and 
fancy  goods,  ready-made  clothing,  boots  and  shoes,  wall  papers,  and  general 
stock  of  small  wares.  Lunt  cj'  Rose  carry  on  a  grocery  and  provision  store, 
and  also  deal  in  corn  and  feed  of  all  kinds,  fertilizers  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments and  machinery.  Ferdinand  Beruhe.  French  grocery,  successor  to  late 
firm  of  Sabourin  &  Beaudette.  0.  D.  Steele,  dealer  in  groceries,  dry  goods, 
and  notions.  C.  S.  Newell.,  formerly  at  Lewiston,  has  lately  opened  a  stock  of 
groceries,  etc.,  in  the  store  in  Central  Block  formerly  kept  by  James  W. 
Cornish.  Mr  Newell  was  for  many  years  one  of  Lewiston's  successful 
merchants,  carrying  on  a  boot  and  shoe  store.  Elmer  T.  Smith  carries  a  large 
stock  of  first-class  groceries,  provisions,  fruit,  etc.  He  commenced  business 
with  small  capital  before  he  was  of  age,  and  has  built  up  a  thriving  and  pros- 
perous trade  by  energy,  industry,  and  course  of  dealing.  //.  P.  Thojnpson 
keeps  a  large  assortment  of  drugs  and  medicines.  He  is  a  registered  {)liar- 
macist  of  long  experience,  safe  and  reliable.  Arthur  Wakefield.,  dealer  in 
watches,  jeweliy,  and  silver  ware,  has  built  up  a  fine  trade  by  his  own  efforts. 
Mm  G.  H.  Foster.,  milliner}'.  L.  O.  Ilohlnmn.,  machinist  and  veterinary  surgeon. 
Albert  Sutherland,  blacksmith,  horse-shoeing,  and  general  work.  Frank  W. 
Neoens,  blacksmith,  carriage  work  a  specialty,  also  worker  in  wood.  Enoch 
Tebbetts,  joiner  and  contractor.  Tebbets  Brothers,  undertakers.  W.  B.  Jordan, 
Lisbon  Hotel,  horses  and  carriages  to  let. 

Associations.  —  Sabattus  River  Lodge,  No.  24,  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  Berry  Post, 
No.  10,  G.  A.  R. ;  Mishawum  Lodge,  No.  38,  U.  O.  Pilgrim  Fathers ;  Lodge  of 
N.  E.  O.  P. ;  Pine  Tree  Grange,  P.  of  H. 


Town  of  Lisbon.  457 


Sabattus  river,  seven  miles  in  length,  is  the  outlet  of  Sabattus  pond,  a  sheet 
of  water  five  miles  long,  two  miles  wide,  and  30  feet  deep.  A  dam  at  the 
outlet  provides  an  ample  and  constant  supply  of  water,  and  for  a  long  distance 
the  river  is  fed  by  springs  issuing  from  its  bed.  Abundant  power  is  furnished 
by  this  stream  for  the  mills  ijlong  its  course.     These  are: 

FarwelVs  Cotton  Mills,  Lisbon,  incorporated  January  29,  1872,  occupy  the 
first  and  second  powers.  In  1873  N.  W.  Farwell  had  a  cotton  mill  and  a  saw- 
mill on  the  first  power,  where  a  fall  of  ten  feet  gave  175  horse-power,  used  to 
run  3,136  spindles,  with  an  annual  production  of  112,000  pounds  (500,000 
yards  of  36-inch  sheetings.  53  operatives  were  employed,  to  whom  il,400 
was  paid  monthly.  The  second  power  had  a  fall  of  20  feet,  giving  375  horse- 
power. Here  Mr  Farwell  had  just  completed  a  brick  cotton  mill  three  stories 
high,  346  feet  long  and  52  feet  wide,  with  a  capacity  of  12,000  mule  spindles. 
In  1890  the  company  used  400  horse-power,  driving  four  turbine  wheels  and 
20,608  spindles,  used  92,000  pounds  of  cotton  monthly  in  making  300,000 
yards  of  fine  sheetings,  40,  45,  and  48  inches  wide,  and  employs  129  male 
and  112  female  operatives,  with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  $6,000.  It  has  two 
auxiliary  engines  of  350  and  50  horse-power,  a  machine  shop  in  a  separate 
building,  a  saw-mill  run  by  a  turbine  wheel  of  25  horse-power,  where  100,000 
feet  of  lumber  and  50,000  shingles  are  annually  produced.  The  company 
has  a  ca[)ital  of  tf500,000.  Nahum  Chapin  is  president;  John  W.  Farwell, 
treasurer;  William  H.  Miles,  agent. 

The  Farnsworth  Company,  incorporated  in  1868  with  a  capital  of  $50,000, 
occupies  the  power  one  mile  below  Farwell's,  which  is  half  a  mile  from  the 
Androscoggin.  Here  Abner  Coombs  built  a  mill  in  1804,  and  the  power  has 
been  in  use  since.  A  company  from  Fall  River,  Mass.,  erected  a  cotton  mill, 
just  below  the  site  of  the  Farnsworth  Mill,  in  1839,  but  the  mill  was 
burned  in  1840,  before  the  machiner}^  was  put  in,  and  the  enterprise  was 
abandoned.  Cephas  Farnsworth  came  from  Norridgewock  in  1825,  and  carried 
on  a  carding  and  dressing  mill  for  some  years  before  1845.  His  son  Josiah 
also  carried  on  a  saw-mill  until  1863,  when  Benjamin  B.  Farnsworth,  son  of 
Cephas,  formed  a  company  and  built  the  present  Farnsworth  Mill  in  1864. 
The  fall  is  13  feet,  affording  150  horse-power.  In  1873  there  was  a  brick  mill 
containing  six  sets  of  machinery,  employing  97  operatives,  with  a  monthly 
pay-roll  of  $3,300,  producing  222,700  yards  of  ^  woolens  and  repellent  cassi- 
meres,  annually.  W.  F.  Milliken  was  treasurer;  Augustus  Callahan,  agent. 
In  1890  one  Rodney  Hunt  wheel,  producing  102  horse-power,  operated  eight 
sets  of  cards,  with  fifty  looms,  employing  55  males  and  35  females.  The 
spinning  department  has  4,400  spindles.  There  is  a  steam  engine  of  80  horse- 
power, not  in  use,  but  kept  as  auxiliary  power.  The  company  manufactures 
fine  wool  flannels  from  Ohio  and  Michigan  fleece  wool  and  Australian  and 
South  American    wool.     The    monthly   production    is    77,810  yards,  and  the 


458  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


monthly  consumption  of  wool  40,000  pounds.  The  officers  are:  S.  M.  Milliken, 
president;  W.  F.  Milliken,  treasurer;  George  W.  Olney,  agent;  William  H. 
Buckley,  superintendent. 

In  1865  B.  B.  Farnsvvorth  organized  a  company  whicli  built  a  paper  mill  a 
short  distance  below  the  Farnsworth  Mill,  on  the  next  privilege,  having  a  fall 
of  12  feet.  This  mill  made  a  ton  and  a  half  of  paper  daily,  and  was  sold  in 
1869  to  a  stock  company  of  which  Adna  C.  Denison,  and  Parsons  Brothers  of 
New  York  City,  were  chief  members.  They  added  to  the  machinery,  and  had 
just  renewed  work,  when,  July  1,  1870,  an  accidental  fire  destroyed  the  mill. 
This  has  not  been  rebuilt;  the  privilege  is  owned  by  the  Farnsworth  Company, 
and  is  not  improved. 

New  Emiland  Mineral  Paint  Company.  —  Mineral  paint  was  discovered  in 
Lisbon  in  1883  or  1884  by  Edward  N.  Chamberlain,  and  the  land  was  leased 
to  W.  B.  Jordan  and  E.  H.  Caylor,  who  organized  a  stock  company  in  1885, 
under  the  name  of  the  New  England  Mineral  Paint  Company.  E.  M.  Shaw,  of 
Nashua,  N.  H.,  John  G.  Tebbets,  W.  H.  Miles,  and  W.  B.  Jordan,  of  Lisbon, 
were  among  the  principal  stockholders.  In  1886  the  company  re-organized  and 
chose  W.  B.  Jordan,  president;  John  G.  Tebbets,  treasurer,  and  C.  W.  Davis, 
agent,  erected  buildings,  put  in  machinery  and  commenced  operations,  though 
with  small  success,  and  a  new  organization  was  formed  in  1887,  with  W.  B. 
Jordan,  president;  N.  M.  Neal,  treasurer;  John  G.  Tebbets,  managing  director. 
The  company  suspended  business  in  1888.  The  plant  was  then  leased  to 
E.  M.  Shaw,  John  G.  Tebbets,  and  James  Coulton,  who,  under  the  name  of 
the  Lisbon  Paint  Company,  were  building  up  a  prosperous  business  when  the 
works  were  burned  July  10,  1880. 

Hon.  Jesse  Davis,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Rebecca  (Larrabee)  Davis,  was  born 
in  that  part  of  Webster,  now  Lisbon,  July  21,  1814.  His  grandfather,  Jesse 
Davis,  a  native  of  Roxbury,  Mass.,  came  to  Burnt  Meadow  (Webster)  in  1780, 
to  build  mills  and  develop  a  settlement  on  the  territory  owned  by  his  uncle, 
Dr  Jonathan  Davis,  the  improvements  and  a  tract  of  land  to  be  conveyed  to 
him  for  his  services.  He  died  in  1792,  from  loss  of  blood  caused  by  the  ampu- 
tation of  a  leg  made  necessary  by  the  breaking  out  of  a  wound  received  at  the 
battle  of  Lexington.  Hon.  Jesse  Davis  was  early  a  successful  teacher,  and 
later  was  a  farmer  up  to  the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  and  since  then  has  been 
interested  in  many  kinds  of  business.  In  politics  a  Whig  and  Republican,  he 
has  been  much  in  office,  selectman  15  years,  town  treasurer  12  years,  represen- 
tative to  the  legislature,  state  senator,  justice  of  the  peace  from  1842  to  the 
present  time,  six  years  county  commissioner,  beside  other  official  positions. 
He  was  several  years  in  the  militia,  ranking  as  ensign,  lieutenant,  and  captain. 
He  is  a  Universalist  in  religion,  and  has  always  been  disposed  to  look  upon 
the  sunny  side  of  life.  He  is  one  of  Lisbon's  leading  and  wealthiest  citizens. 
One  of  his  daughters  is  wife  of  Colonel  F.  W.  Dana,  of  Lewiston. 


Town  of  Lisbon.  459 


John  Gr.  Tehhets,  son  of  Paul  C.  and  Priscilla  T.  (Thompson)  Tebbets,  was 
born  in  Lisbon,  July  12,  1823.  His  father  was  born  in  Soniersvvorth,  N.  H.,  in 
1781.  In  1812  he  built  a  house  in  Lisbon  on  the  spot  where  his  son  now 
resides.  He  died  in  Lisbon,  September,  1861,  at  an  age  of  more  than  80  years. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Ezekiel  Thompson.  Mr  Tebbets  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics,  and  an  active,  energetic,  progressive  business  man.  He  has  been  a 
director  of  the  Worumbo  woolen  mill  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  the  Androscoggin 
Water-Power  Company,  and  is  also  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber. 
He  has  served  his  native  town  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  selectuien,  and  has 
been  town  treasurer  for  the  past  four  years. 

Charles  IT.  FosftT,  M.I).,  born  in  Bowdoin,  January  27,  1844,  received  the 
educational  advantages  of  Litchfield  Academy  and  the  medical  department  of 
Dartmouth  (N.  H.)  College,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1874.  He  entered 
into  practice  in  Bowdoinham,  but  in  June,  1875,  located  at  Lisbon  village, 
where  he  is  now  resident,  and  has  built  up  a  good  practice.  He  takes  interest 
in  the  matters  of  professional  advance,  and  is  prized  as  a  citizen.  He  is  a 
member  of  Androscoggin  County  Medical  Association,  is  a  Mason,  an  Odd 
Fellow,  and  a  Republican.  He  married  Adella  A.  Moore,  of  St  Albans,  and 
has  one  child,  Roberto  M. 

Augustus  W.  Potter.,  M.D..,  son  of  William  and  Mary  E.  Potter,  was  born  in 
Auburn,  May  11, 1854.  He  was  graduated  at  Hebron  Academy  in  1873,  Bates 
College  in  1877,  Maine  Medical  School  in  1884.  He  had  formed  friends  in 
Lisbon,  where  he  had  taught  school,  and  immediately  after  graduation,  in 
June,  1884,  located  heie  as  a  physician  and  continues  in  practice.  The  same 
year  he  married  Selina  Rhodes,  of  Lawrence,  Mass.  They  have  one  child, 
Florence  Iveigh.  Dr  Potter  is  active  in  the  educational  interests  of  the  town, 
is  a  member  of  United  Order  of  Pilgrim  Fathers,  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  and  of 
the  New  England  Order  of  Knights  of  Protection,  and  is  Congregational  in 
religious  sentiment, 

Charles  B.  Jordan  was  born  in  Lewiston.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of 
Captain  Joseph  Porter,  of  Freeport.  Mr  Jordan  came  to  Lisbon  in  1850, 
where  he  went  into  trade,  and  was  a  merchant  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in 
January,  1886.  He  held  various  town  offices,  was  representative  two  terms, 
and  state  senator  two  terms.  He  had  three  children:  Elmer  P.  (a  graduate  of 
Bowdoin  College,  class  of  1883,  now  a  book  publisher  in  St  Louis,  Mo.),  Lizzie 
B.,  Charles  Alton. 

Charles  Alton  Jordan,  son  of  Charles  B.  and  M.  P.  (Porter)  Jordan, 
descends  from  four  prominent  families  of  this  section  —  the  Jordans,  the 
Porters,  the  Garcelons,  and  the  Dinglej'S.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Hebron 
Academy,  and  at  the  age  of  18  became  a  member  of  the  mercantile  house  of 
C.  B.  Jordan  &  Son,  at  Lisbon,  thus  becoming  one  of  the  youngest  merchants 
of  the  county.     He  is  an  active  Republican  in  politics,  a  Baptist  in  religion,  a 


460  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


prosperous  trader,  and  is  secretary  of  Sabattus  River  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  He 
is  held  in  high  esteem.  The  store  where  he  trades  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
county,  and  has  been  in  the  occupancy  of  his  father  and  himself  since  1850. 

Lisbon  Falls.  —  A  brisk  village  has  been  created  here  by  the  development 
of  the  magnificent  water-power  at  this  point,  which  has  attracted  live  men  who 
have  built  up  large  business  houses.  Several  fine  residences  and  numerous 
dwellings  are  in  progress  of  erection  in  the  summer  of  1891,  which  is  evidence 
of  the  steady  growth  of  the  place.  If  the  advance  of  the  last  10  years  is 
continued,  and  the  appearances  indicate  that  it  will  be  surpassed,  a  city  will 
succeed  the  village  at  no  distant  period,  and  a  water-works  system  and  an 
electric  light  plant  are  things  of  the  immediate  future. 

Wonimho  Mamifacturing  Comjniyiy,  Lisbon  Falls,  organized  in  1864,  had 
originally  a  capital  of  $250,000,  which  was  increased  in  1887  to  1500,000. 
Oliver  Moses  was  the  first  president;  Galen  C.  Moses,  treasurer;  F.  Gutmann, 
agent.  The  first  two  were  of  Bath.  The  officers  in  1891  are :  George  P. 
Slade,  of  New  York,  president;  G.  C.  Moses,  treasurer;  F.  Gutmann,  of 
Lewiston,  agent.  In  1873  150  horse-power  was  used,  170  operatives  employed, 
with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  -$6,500,  10  sets  of  cards  were  in  operation,  two 
turbine  wheels,  and  two  mills.  The  annual  production  was  120,000  yards  of 
finished  all-wool  4  beavers.  The  two  mills  were  brick  and  first  class.  In 
1890,  500  horse-power  was  used,  340  male  and  110  female  operatives  employed, 
and  the  monthly  pay-roll  was  $15,000.  Three  wheels  are  in  use,  two  Hercules 
and  one  Leffel,  and  21  sets  of  cards.  120,000  pounds  of  Montevideo  and 
Australian  wools  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  beavers,  kerseys,  cloakings, 
full  indigo  flannels,  shetlands,  chinchillas,  flocconn^e  goods,  and  36,500  yards 
are  produced.  The  capacity  of  the  water-power  is  estimated  at  5,063  horse- 
power. The  mills  have  electric  lights.  Mr  Frank  Gutmann  ended  a  service  of 
25  years  as  agent  of  this  company,  July  1,  1891.  He  has  proved  a  valuable 
representative  of  the  company's  interests.  He  was  succeeded  by  John 
Ballantyne,  the  late  superintendent.  The  overseers  of  the  company  are: 
Thomas  C.  Rogers,  wool-sorting,  26  years'  service;  William  H.  Schultz, 
finishing,  18  years'  service;  F.  E.  Greissinger,  indigo-dyeing,  14  years'  service; 
William  Parkin,  spinning,  14  years'  service;  Otis  S.  White,  mechanic,  11  years' 
service;  Fenton  Haigh,  weaving,  eight  years'  service;  Max  Pierter,  carding, 
eight  years'  service ;  Emile  Demuth,  piece-dyeing,  four  years'  service.  William 
A.  Brimijoin,  for  12  years  paymaster  at  the  mills,  was  previously  for  three 
years  book-keeper  in  the  treasurer's  office  at  Bath.  The  American  Wool,  Cotton 
and  Finance  Reporter  says:  "William  Buerger,  designer  at  Lisbon  Falls,  Me, 
is  one  of  the  most  proficient  designers  in  this  country.  He  was  educated  in 
some  of  the  best  mills  in  Germany,  and  was  for  four  years  with  the  Utica 
woolen  mills,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  as  assistant  superintendent  and  designer.  From 
there  he  went  to  the  Globe  Woolen  Co.,  where  he  remained  three  years.     He 


Town  of  Lisbon.  461 


has  been  two  years  with  the  George  H.  Gilbert  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ware, 
Mass.  He  has  also  been  superintendent  at  the  Worunibo  Manufacturing  Co., 
Lisbon  Falls. 

The  Androscoggin  Wafer-Power  Co^npany^  Lisbon  Falls,  was  incorporated  in 
1867,  with  a  capital  of  ff!50,000.  Oliver  Moses,  of  Bath,  was  president;  Galen 
C.  Moses,  treasurer;  and  Edward  Plummer,  agent.  This  company  owns  and 
operates  a  large  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill.  In  1873  the  saw-mill,  using  135 
horse-power,  taken  from  the  Worumbo  Manufacturing  Company's  privilege, 
employed  30  operatives,  with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  -11,200  in  the  production 
of  from  3,000,000  to  4,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  and  in  the  grist-mill  below  did 
custom  grinding  and  an  extensive  business  in  corn  meal  and  feed.  In  1890  one 
Chase  and  one  Stearns  wheel  are  used,  giving  1.50  horse-power,  with  which 
5,000,000  feet  of  s})ruce,  i>ine,  hemlock,  and  oak  lumber  is  annually  produced. 
45  hands  are  employed,  and  the  monthly  pay-roll  is  -f  1,800.  The  capital  is  now 
|;75,000.  Galen  C.  Moses,  of  Bath,  is  president;  F.  H.  Twitchell,  of  Bath, 
treasurer;  Edward  Plummer,  agent.  This  company  owns  the  first  or  upper 
privilege  on  Little  River. 

The  Lisbon  Falls  Fibre  Company  was  organized  April  9,  1889,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $250,000,  and  elected  Elias  Milliken  of  Augusta,  president; 
F.  C.  Whitehouse  of  Topsham,  treasurer;  W.  H.  Parsons  of  New  York,  Elias 
Milliken,  Galen  C.  Moses  of  Bath,  David  T.  Rines  of  Portland,  F.  C.  White- 
house  of  Topsham,  directors.  The  Bowdoin  Paper  Manufacturing  Company 
had  purchased  the  water-])ower  in  1887  and  begun  to  build  a  dam.  The  new 
com[)any  set  to  work  vigorously  and  the  first  year  constructed  a  dam,  built  of 
crib  work  filled  with  stone  and  sunk  in  20  feet  of  water,  without  coffer-dams. 
Foundations  for  the  pulp  mill  were  also  commenced  in  1889.  This  was  finished 
July  1,  1890,  and  is  composed  of  five  buildings,  namely :  the  wood-preparing 
building,  which  is  46x68  feet,  one  story  high;  chemical  building,  72x60,  two 
stories  high;  digester  building,  72x36,  three  stories  high;  machine  building, 
46x92,  one  story;  boiler  house,  46  x60,  one  story,  all  constructed  of  brick  with 
hard-[)ine  roofs,  covered  with  the  best  New  England  gravel  roof.  The  com- 
pany operates  under  the  Partington,  Retter,  and  Kellner  patents,  and  the  four 
digesters  have  a  capacity  of  producing  16  tons  of  dry  sulphite  pulp  in  24  hours. 
The  machines  for  screening  the  pulp  are  considered  the  finest  made.  There 
are  used  three  72-inch  tubular  boilers  of  125  horse-power  each.  A  paper  mill, 
consisting  of  two  buildings,  an  engine  room,  60x80,  and  a  machine  and 
finishing  room,  200x60,  was  put  up  in  1890.  In  the  engine  room  ai'e  two  of 
the  largest  size  Home  patent  engines,  and  the  paper  machine  is  a  86-inch 
Fourdrinier,  constructed  to  manufacture  book  papers.  All  the  buildings  of 
the  pulp  and  paper  mills  are  built  for  double  the  machinery  in  operation,  and 
the  product  can  be  carried  to  30  tons  of  dry  pulp  and  20  tons  of  paper  per  day. 
Electric  lights  are  used.    The  whole  plant  is  in  successful  operation,  producing 


462  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


monthly  700  tons  of  pulp  and  250  tons  of  paper.  The  mills  now  use  only  one- 
fourth  of  the  water-power  owned  by  the  company,  which  is  the  whole  flow  of 
the  Androscoo-crin  river.  F.  C.  Whitehouse  is  treasurer  and  manager ;  John 
Merriman,  superintendent. 

The  Lhhon  Falls  Co-operafive  Associafioti,  organized  February  15,  1885, 
was  incorporated  March  21,  1885,  with  23  members:  Thomas  Ellingsworth, 
Otis  S.  White,  John  Feltham,  Fred  Kirschner,  Charles  Schofield,  R.  Moschner, 
August  Wonneberger,  Charles  Theilig,  F.  C.  Lange,  August  Lange,  Paul 
Willgeroth,  August  Stein,  F.  N.  Lange,  N.  Mortimer,  Albert  Riskar,  Harry 
Shaw,  K.  M.  Small,  Fenton  Haigh,  E.  M.  Holland,  Joseph  Riley,  B.  Fearnley, 
George  Canham.  Fenton  Haigh  was  made  president ;  Otis  S.  White,  treasurer; 
E.  E.  Gordon,  secretary;  Fenton  Haigh,  H.  M.  Small,  F.  C.  Lange,  George  E. 
Hnskins,  and  August  Lange,  directors.  The  object  of  the  association  is  "to 
co-operate  in  the  purchase  and  distribution  of  general  merchandise."  In  1887 
the  association  erected  Co-operative  Block,  of  two  stories,  on  Main  street, 
containing  two  stores,  one  occupied  by  the  association  store,  the  other  by 
George  R.  Foster  &  Son.  Dr  Curtis  and  the  Lisbon  Ohst'vver  have  offices  in 
the  second  story,  as  is  also  the  hall  used  by  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  The 
association  originated  in  the  winter  of  1885,  when,  business  being  dull,  the 
employes  called  a  meeting  at  the  house  of  John  Feltham,  January  19,  1885,  to 
discuss  economical  matters.  It  was  agreed  by  all  that  a  co-operative  store 
would  benefit  the  community  and  an  organization  was  effected,  and  Fenton 
Haigh,  Charles  Schofield,  and  E.  M.  Holland  chosen  a  committee  to  perfect  it. 
After  several  meetings  operations  were  commenced.  The  permanent  officers 
were  chosen  February  9.  The  shares  were  fixed  at  $5,  and  no  one  was  allowed 
to  take  more  than  20  shares.  Six  per  cent,  interest  was  paid,  and  a  dividend  to 
each  member  on  the  amount  of  his  purchases.  Business  was  started  with  a 
stock  of  1790,  and  the  first  week's  sales  were  $105.  October  11,  1890,  the 
stock  was  -18,855,  and  the  sales  are  from  $700  to  |900  weekly.  The  27 
members  at  first  have  increased  to  170;  $13,500  have  been  paid  in  interest 
and  dividends ;  the  average  dividends  have  been  from  eight  to  nine  per  cent. 
The  sales  for  the  six  months  ending  February  G,  1891,  amounted  to  more  than 
$20,000.  After  putting  aside  funds  for  the  permanent  fund,  a  dividend  of  eight 
per  cent,  was  declared.  The  sinking  fund  now  amounts  to  $1,275.  The 
officers  for  1891  are:  President,  Fenton  Haigh;  second  director.  King  M. 
Small;  third  director,  R.  Moschner;  secretary,  Albert  Mortimer;  first  auditor, 
M.  D.  Leirney;  treasurer,  G.  H.  Whittier. 

TAe  Lisbon  Falls  Creamery  Association  was  formed  as  a  stock  company  in 
1889,  and  a  factory  built  and  equipped  for  operations  in  April,  1890,  with 
all  utensils  for  half  a  dozen  cream-gathering  routes  and  capacity  to  manufacture 
the  product  of  1,000  cows,  at  a  cost  of  $2,500.  The  officers  were :  John  G. 
Tebbets,  president;    C.  L.  Newell,  secretary;  L.  L.  Barrell,  treasurer;  A.  J. 


Town  of  Lisbon.  463 


Larrabee  (Webster),  U.  A.  Jack  (Topsham),  Joseph  H.  Davis  (Durham),  G. 
G.  Wagg  (South  Lewiston),  directors.  This  creamery  is  located  on  "  the 
plains,"  on  the  Topsham  road,  half  mile  from  Lisbon  Falls  station. 

Flourishing  lodges  of  Free  Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Good  Templars,  Knights 
of  Pythias,  Royal  Arcanum,  Golden  C^ross,  and  W.  C.  T.  U.  are  in  existence 
and  well  supported. 

G-eorge  R.  Foster  <f  Son  (George  E.)  manufacture  ladies'  fine  shoes,  and 
conduct  a  department  store  in  Co-operative  Block  on  Main  street.  Mr  Foster 
was  born  in  Bowdoin  in  1841.  His  father,  George,  was  born  in  Bowdoin;  his 
mother,  Sarah,  in  Topsham.  He  was  a  fife-major  in  the  Twenty-fourth  Maine 
nine  months  in  the  Civil  War.  He  engaged  in  the  shoe  trade  at  Lisbon  Falls  in 
1865  in  the  Bee  Hive,  but  soon  removed  to  the  Androscoggin  House.  He 
later  built  the  store  occupied  by  Fessenden's  pharmacy,  and  about  1877  sold  to 
A.  R.  Webber.  He  then  conducted  a  shoe  store  in  the  old  post-ofhce  buildingr 
on  Oak  street  where  Nutting  &  Durgin  trade,  and  later  moved  to  the  Bee  Hive 
again,  and  after  that  to  the  Red  Front  on  Main  street.  Since  1887  the  business 
has  been  conducted  in  its  present  location.  George  C.  Foster  was  admitted 
partner  in  January,  1888.  Since  1877  a  branch  store  has  been  conducted  at 
South  Harpswell.  Mr  Foster  is  a  Republican,  a  Universalist,  an  Odd  Fellow, 
and  has  been  vice  commander  in  the  G.  A.  R.  He  married  Martha  Newell,  of 
Litchfield,  and  has  three  children:  George  E.,  James  A.,  and  Benjamin  H. 

Harris  Grinsburg,  the  leading  merchant,  was  born  in  Kowno,  Russia  (on  the 
line  of  Germany)  in  1859.  In  1875  he  came  to  Boston  and  soon  began  his 
remarkable  mercantile  life  by  peddling  notions,  his  stock  being  carried  in  a 
small  box.  He  came  to  Maine  in  1876  and,  making  Portland  his  headquarters, 
traveled,  first  with  his  pack,  and,  later  with  a  wagon,  through  the  country  from 
Sabattus  to  Kennebunk.  Li  the  fall  of  1880  he  ()[)ened  a  small  store  at  Lisbon 
Falls,  and  after  various  changes  demanded  by  the  increase  of  his  trade,  he,  in 
1889,  built  Ginsburg  Block  on  Main  street,  where  he  now  has  an  extensive 
establishment  of  dry  goods,  clothing  and  furnishing  goods,  watches  and  jewelry, 
carpets,  furniture,  etc.  Two  stories  are  occupied  as  salesrooms,  and  four 
clerks  are  employed.  This  business  has  been  developed  in  fifteen  years  by  Mr 
Ginsburg  from  his  small  box  of  notions,  and  he  takes  pride  in  the  fact  that  he 
always  pays  100  cents  on  the  dollar.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  Worumbo 
lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  a  charter  member  of  Columbia  lodge  of  Knights  of 
Pythias. 

W'dlard  Jones,  born  in  Windsor,  Kennebec  county,  in  1864;  is  an  energetic 
business  man,  and  located  at  Lisbon  village  in  1887  as  a  dealer  in  groceries  and 
crockery.  July  15,  1889,  the  increasing  attractions  of  trade  at  Lisbon  Falls 
caused  him  to  remove  thither,  and  he  leased  one  of  the  large  new  stores  in 
Ginsburg  Block,  where  he  is  now  located,  conducting  a  large  wholesale  and 
retail  trade  which  is  rapidly  assuming  metropolitan  proportions.     Mr  Jones  is 


464  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


a  Democrat  in  politics,  an  Odd  Fellow,  and  a  Knight  of  Pythias.  August  17, 
1^87,  he  married  Hattie,  daughter  of  Jordan  Rand,  of  Lisbon.  A  good  citizen 
and  a  successful  merchant,  he  is  also  one  of  the  strong  men  of  the  community. 

Albert  T.  Bibber  carries  on  general  trade  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Water 
streets.  This  is  the  oldest  mercantile  establishment  in  town,  purchased  about 
1815  by  Jacob  Bibber,  a  birthright  Quaker,  who,  born  in  Harpswell,  learned 
the  joiner's  trade  in  Durham,  came  to  Lisbon  Falls  and  did  a  large  business  in 
wood  turning  until  he  went  into  trade.  The  sign,  "J.  Bibber,"  still  over  the 
door  of  the  store,  was  placed  in  position  June  12,  1826,  the  day  Albert  T. 
Bibber  was  born.  Jacob  Bibber  secured  mucli  of  the  great  trade  going  to 
Bath  from  the  Androscoggin  valley,  by  selling  the  farmers  goods  as  low  as  they 
could  buy  in  Bath.  This  custom  was  large  and  profitable,  and  Mr  Bibber 
universally  retained  his  customers.  His  children  were  Louisa,  Warren  A., 
Sarah  (Mrs  Aaron  J.  West),  Albert  T.,  Mary  J.  (Mrs  Seth  P.  Grossman), 
Emily  P.  Jacob  Bibber  was  succeeded  about  1855  by  his  son  Warren  A., 
who,  later  with  Albert  T.,  formed  the  firm  of  W.  A.  Bibber  &  Co.  This  lasted 
five  years  when  Warren  sold  to  A.  T.,  and  the  firm  of  Bibber  &  West  was 
formed,  Aaron  J.  West  being  a  member.  This  was  dissolved  in  1864  by  the 
death  of  Mr  West.  Since  then  A.  T.  Bibber  has  been  sole  proprietor.  He 
possesses  many  of  his  father's  characteristics,  has  ever  been  a  quiet,  unosten- 
tatious person,  standing  high  in  the  esteem  of  his  townsmen.  He  married 
Anne  Moulton,  of  Topsham,  and  has  two  children,  Sarah  J.  (Mrs  D.  E. 
Cornish)  and  Jedde  P.  ■» 

Jolin  H.  Coombs,  son  of  Joseph  and  grandson  of  Hezekiah,  was  in  the 
hardware  business  on  the  old  county  road,  now  Lisbon  street,  just  in  front  of 
the  Worumbo  Mill,  from  July,  1852,  until  1870,  when  he  moved  to  Main  street, 
and  was  in  trade  until  1801.  He  married  Marcia,  daughter  of  Jacob  Gould,  of 
Lisbon,  in  1856,  and  they  have  had  four  children :  Bertha,  married  William 
Parkin;  Mamie  F.,  married  William  Hollis;  Cornelia  G.,  and  Willie  C.  Mr 
Coombs  is  a  Free  Mason,  and  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  was  postmaster  under 
Buchanan  and  Cleveland.  He  is  one  of  the  valuable  citizens  and  reliable 
business  men  of  Lisbon  Falls. 

James  A.  Beats  ^  Co.,  hardware,  etc.  This  firm  was  formed  about  1882, 
and  has  been  a  highly  esteemed  and  well-patronized  business  house.  It  is 
located  on  the  westerly  side  of  Main  street.  The  pleasant  ways  and  genial 
disposition  of  Mr  Beals  made  him  many  friends. 

Elijah.  Litflefield,  an  early  settler  of  Durham,  a  farmer  and  shoemaker,  took 
up  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  grandson,  Samuel  Littlefield.  He  had 
children:  George,  Abigail,  Nancy,  Sally,  Polly,  Uriah.  George,  in  youth,  was 
a  seaman,  later  he  succeeded  to  his  father's  homestead.  He  was  a  Free  Will 
Baptist,  a  Democrat,  lived  to  be  84,  never  used  spectacles,  and  had  a  remark- 
able memory.     He  had  six  sons  and  six  daughters,  of  whom  Samuel,  Joseph, 


Town  of  Lisbon.  465 


Mrs  Mary  Coombs,  tiud  Mrs  Louisa  Patterson  now  survive.  Stephen  P. 
Littlefield.,  son  of  Uriah,  born  in  Durham,  August  18,  1818,  has  resided  at 
Lisbon  Falls  since  1868,  when  he  opened  a  public  house.  In  1871  he  built  and 
opened  the  brick  hotel,  Maine  Central  house,  which  he  still  conducts.  His  2"2 
years  of  hotel  keeping  make  him  the  veteran  landlord  of  the  section.  He  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics.  By  his  first  wife,  Pamelia  Hodgkins,  he  has  four 
children  now  living:  Mahala  (Mrs  Amos  Penley),  Betsey  J.  (Mrs  Harry 
Flynn),  Ruth  (Mrs  Stephen  Adams),  all  living  in  Minneapolis,  and  AUura 
(Mrs  William  Brimijoin),  of  Lisbon  Falls. 

Rev.  George  Plummer,  son  of  Henry  and  Weltha  (Estes)  Plummer,  was 
born  in  Durham,  April  7,  1826.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Free  Baptist 
church  when  14,  I'eceived  license  to  preach  in  March,  1856,  and  was  ordained 
December  22,  1861.  He  has  been  pastor  in  Durham,  Lisbon  Falls,  Freeport, 
and  West  Bowdoin.  He  has  baptized  about  60  converts,  married  140  couples, 
and  attended  400  funerals.  Since  1883  he  has  supplied  in  various  places.  In 
1850  he  was  a  member  of  the  legislature.  A|)ril  4,  1850,  he  married  Miss 
Almira  J.  Coffin,  and  had  one  son,  who  became  manager  of  the  Waverly 
Publishing  Company,  of  New  York.  October  20,  1881,  he  married  Mrs  Eliza 
Eacott,  of  Lisbon.  He  is  and  has  been  postmaster  for  several  years,  and  is  a 
promi)t,  reliable,  energetic  man  of  great  popularity.  Edward  Plummer,  his 
brother,  was  born  in  Durham,  January  4, 1830.  About  1850  he  came  to  Lisbon 
Falls  and  engaged  in  lumbering  and  has  since  followed  the  business.  The 
Worumbo  Company  bought  his  mill  and  property,  and  he  built  for  them  the 
mill  which  was  succeeded  in  1872  by  the  large  one  now  standing.  Since  the 
organization  of  the  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company  he  has  been  its 
agent. 

Edward  Berry.,  a  native  of  Falmouth,  removed  to  Lisbon  in  1793.  He 
married  Sybil  Brown,  of  Turner.  He  carried  on  tanning  at  Lisbon  Falls  until 
1850,  then  his  son,  Edward,  took  the  business  and  continued  it  until  1887, 
when  the  tannery  was  closed.  Edward  Berry,  Jr,  was  born  in  Lisbon  in 
1827,  and  has  taken  part  in  the  administration  of  town  affairs,  was  selectman 
from  1870  to  1876,  justice  of  the  peace  since  1883,  and  in  1890  was  appointed 
special  agent  to  take  the  statistics  of  manufacture  of  the  productive  industry 
of  the  town.  Mr  Berry  has  been  engaged  in  real  estate,  and  dealt  more  or  less 
in  cattle.  In  politics  a  Republican  since  the  formation  of  the  party,  prior  to 
that  a  Whig.     His  religious  preferences  are  Congregational. 

The  Potter  family  is  an  early  one  in  this  section.  During  the  War  of  the 
Revolution,  Alexander  Potter  emigrated  from  Scotland,  and  married  Abigail 
Randall.  He  settled  in  Bowdoin  and  commenced  clearing  land  for  a  farm. 
He  was  subsequently  killed  by  a  falling  tree.  Of  his  four  children,  Benjamin 
married  Betsey  Lewis.  Their  son,  Benjamin  R.,  born  October  25,  1817, 
married   Susan   E.  Smullen  and  located  on   the   Joseph  D.  Smullen  place  in 


466  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Lisbon.  Of  their  10  children  seven  survive,  and  occupy  positions  of  trust  and 
usefulness.  Joseph  S.  lives  on  the  home  farm;  Frank  B.  resides  in  Manchester, 
N.  H.;  John  H.  is  captain  of  bark  William  Phillips  of  New  Bedford,  Mass.; 
Fred  C.  is  a  machinist  in  Bath ;  Charles  L.,  a  graduate  of  West  Point,  is  a 
lieutenant  of  engineers,  and  recently  ordered  to  San  Francisco;  Elizabeth  S. 
is  a  teacher  at  West  Bowdoin;  Sara  F.  teaches  at  Lisbon  Falls. 

Samuel  Sylvester,  a  native  of  Bowdoin,  came  to  Lisbon  Falls  in  1883,  and 
has  been  quite  conspicuous  in  its  development.  He  has  probably  sold  more 
lots  in  this  new  village  than  all  others.  He  has  also  erected  many  houses  and 
owns  a  large  number  of  tenements,  etc.  He  owns  and  is  developing  a  valuable 
property  of  real  estate  here.  He  has  given  much  time  to  Masonry  and  has 
taken  thirty-two  degrees. 

Bolvin  S.  Whitney,  born  in  Lisbon  in  1863,  learned  the  jeweler's  trade  of  E. 
A.  Will,  in  Brunswick,  and  established  himself  in  trade  on  Main  street,  at 
Lisbon  Falls  in  August,  1886.  He  has  already  built  up  a  fine  trade,  and  with 
his  assiduity,  courtesy,  and  winning  manners  cannot  fail  to  be  prosperous.  He 
carries  a  well-selected  stock  of  clocks,  watches,  jewelry,  silver  ware,  and 
cutlery,  guns  and  hunting  equipments,  and  has  quite  a  trade  in  bicycles. 

James  H.  Eaeott,  born  in  Lake  Village,  N.  H.,  of  English  parentage,  has 
been  conducting  a  dry  goods  and  clothing  store  since  October  25,  1886,  in 
Plummer's  Block,  Oak  stieet,  Lisbon  Falls.  He  has  a  fine  trade,  and  his 
courtesy  and  genial  manners  cause  him  to  be  deservedly  popular. 

W.  P.  Allen  established  his  boot  and  shoe  store  on  Main  street,  Lisbon 
Falls,  in  1887. 

George  W.  Sawyer  has  had  a  harness  shop  on  Main  street,  above  Co-operative 
Block,  for  many  years. 

Geon/e  W.  Curt  in,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Bowdoin,  April  11,  1860.  His  higher 
education  was  obtained  at  Litchfield  Academy,  and  Vermont  Medical  Univer- 
sity of  Burlington,  Vt.  From  the  latter  he  received  his  medical  degree  in  1884. 
From  the  spring  of  1882  till  that  of  1883  he  was  superintendent  of  Newport 
Hospital,  Newport,  R.  L,  a  situation  of  great  advantage  to  him  as  a  medical 
student.  Dr  (kirtis  made  his  home  here  immediately  after  his  graduation. 
He  is  a  member  of  Androscoggin  County  Medical  Association,  and  is  much 
interested  in  Free  Masonry,  belonging  to  its  several  organizations  up  to  and 
including  the  Lodge  of  Perfection.  He  is  also  an  Odd  Fellow,  and  a  Republi- 
can in  politics. 

Walter  Corliss,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Hartford,  was  fitted  for  college  at  Hebron 
and  Bridgton,  attended  Bates  College,  and  was  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  Dartmouth  College  in  1884.  He  began  practice  in  Poland,  and 
came  to  Lisbon  Falls,  October  24,  1889. 

William  S.  Cotton,  Jr,  was  born  in  Lisbon,  and  is  son  of  William  S.,  of 
Lewiston,  and    Mary    M.  (Denham)  Cotton,  formerly   of    Bowdoin.      He    is 


Town  of  Lisbon.  467 


a  Universalist  in  liis  religious  views,  and  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  was 
supervise)]'  of  schools  in  Lisbon  five  years  in  succession,  a  member  of  the  school 
board  two  years,  and  selectman  one  year.  He  was  assistant  clerk  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  1885  and  1887,  and  afterwards  became  chief  clerk  to  the 
Secretary  of  State.  December,  1890,  he  resigned  this  position,  and  January, 
1891,  was  elected  clerk  of  the  House. 

Fenton  Haiyh^  son  of  John  and  Hannah  Haigh,  was  born  in  Kirkburton, 
Yorkshire  county,  England,  came  to  America  in  1866,  and  commenced  work  in 
the  mills  of  Edward  Harris  at  Woonsocket,  R.  I.  Here  he  remained  13  years, 
learned  the  art  of  weaving,  and  became  overseer.  He  came  to  Lisbon  Center 
about  12  years  ago,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  Deering,  Milliken  &  Co.  a  few 
years.  In  1882  he  located  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  has  been  overseer  for  the 
Worumbo  Manufacturing  Company  from  that  time.  Mr  Haigh  was  chairman 
of  the  Republican  Club  during  the  last  presidential  campaign,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Republican  town  committee.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  and  charter 
members  of  the  Lisbon  Falls  Co-operative  Association,  and  its  president  for 
five  years.  He  is  an  active  member  of  Ancient  York  Lodge,  No.  155,  of  Free 
Masons,  and  belongs  to  Woonsocket  Lodge,  No.  10,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  Palestine 
Encampment,  No.  3,  of  Woonsocket,  R.  I. 

Charles  Emery  Judkins,  son  of  Rufus  and  Sarah  Butler  Judkins,  was  born 
in  Monmouth,  November  18,  1833.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  Free 
Baptist  in  his  religious  views.  He  has  been  station  agent  at  Lisbon  Falls 
for  several  years. 


408  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


WEBSTER. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

IncorporatiDii  — Elevations,  Ponds,  and  Streaius —  Grants,  Surveys,  and  Soil  — Settlers — 
Early  Roads— Some  First  Tbin=js  — Early  Values  — First  Magistrates—  Lawyers  — Physi- 
cians—Other  Settlers  and  Descendants  — First  Town  Meeting  and  Excerpts  from  Town 
Records  —  Webster  in  the  Civil  War  — Civil  List. 

THERE  is  little  of  ancient  history  in  Webster,  its  municipal  history  being 
first  that  of  West  Bowdoinham,  next  of  Bowdoin,  and  later  of  Lisbon. 
The  name  Burnt  Meadow  was  applied  to  it  in  1775  or  1776.  The  town 
of  Webster  (named  in  honor  of  Daniel  Webster)  was  incorporated  March  7, 
1840,  from  "that  part  of  Lisbon  north  of  Davis's  south  line,"  and  remains 
nearly  the  same.  Mt  Sabattus,  rising  to  814  feet  above  the  sea,  Robinson's, 
Hedgehog,  and  Oak  mountains,  and  Pettengill's  and  Jordan's  hills  are  the 
chief  elevations.  Oak  mountain  is  a  spur  of  an  elevation  passing  through  the 
town  south  and  on  to  Durham  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  called  Lisbon  ridge.  Lake 
Sabattus  has  an  elevation  of  384  feet,  an  area  of  four  square  miles,  and  is  a 
reservoir,  its  outlet,  Sabattus  liver,  being  dammed  by  a  corporation  of  its  mill- 
owners  so  as  to  control  and  ada})t  the  supply  of  water.  Little  river  is  the  other 
l)rincii)al  stream.  Several  small  ponds  dot  the  surface  of  the  town.  One  has 
tiie  name  of  an  early  settler  of  Little  River,  Alexander  Sutherland,  who 
fractured  his  collar  bone  on  its  banks,  while  hunting,  some  years  before  the 
settlement  was  made.  Webster  is  nearly  five  miles  square,  with  an  area  of  25 
miles,  and  has  Wales  and  Litchfield  on  the  north,  Bowdoin  on  the  east,  Lisbon 
on  the  south,  and  Lewiston  on  the  west. 

G)'ants,  /St(rvi'^.^,  Soil,  and  Settlements. —  The  Plymouth  Company  grants 
extend  across  the  town  east-southeast  to  the  Kennebec  river,  and  are  designated 
by  the  names  of  the  grantees,  Dr  Jonathan  Davis,  Willis  Hall,  Thompson  or 
Stone,  Bowdoin,  Vaughn,  Parker,  and  Waldo  rights.  The  first  survey  was  by 
John  Merrill,  of  Topsham,  March  1,  1775,  of  four  200-acre  lots,  north  of  Suther- 
land's pond.  Abel  Merrill,  Joseph  Norris,  Solomon  Adams,  John  SmuUen,  and 
his  son  were  the  earliest  surveyors.  The  soil  is  of  various  characters,  from 
sand  to  clay,  with  admixture  of  loam  and  humus,  and  with  alluvial  deposits 
occasionally  to  be  found.     The  greater  j)ortion  is  of  excellent  quality. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  was  in  1775,  by  Robert  Ross,  from  Bruns- 
wick, who  built  a  log  house  and  made  a  clearing  a  short  distance  south  of  the 
Tobias  Weymouth  farm,  in  the    central   part    of    the    town.      John    Merrill 


Town  of  Webster.  469 


surveyed  for  him  a  tract  of  200  acres,  extending  northeast  100  rods,  and  north- 
west a  mile,  and  the  stream  flowing  through  this  tract  has  since  borne  his 
name.  Mr  Merrill  surveyed  three  other  tracts  for  Samuel  Hevvey,  William 
Sjjcar,  and  Robert  Hevvey,  all  of  whom  came  from  Brunswick.  These 
were  adjoining.  John  Hevvey,  brother  of  Robert,  soon  came,  and  they  were 
the  first  to  raise  apples.  In  January,  1777,  Jonathan,  father  of  Thomas  and 
Hugh  Weymouth,  joined  the  others,  settling  on  the  William  J(n-dan  farm. 
He  later  built  a  saw-mill  on  the  outlet  of  Sutherland  pond.  His  brother, 
Timothy,  soon  came  from  Berwick  as  a  settler,  and  was  a  mill-wright. 
Edmund  Weymoutli,  a  brother  of  Jonathan  and  Timothy,  came  here  with  his 
two  sons,  Edmund,  Jr,  and  Nahum,  from  Berwick,  Februaiy  12,  1787,  when 
48  years  of  age,  and  located  upon  land  which  he  supposed  to  belong  to 
Massachusetts,  but  owned  by  the  Plymouth  Com[)any's  grantees,  the  location 
including  the  land  owned  now  by  his  descendants. 

Another  local  colony  was  established  here  by  Jesse  Davis,  who,  in  the 
performance  of  the  conditions  of  an  agreement  entered  into  by  him  and  his 
paternal  uncle,  Dr  Jonathan  Davis,  of  Roxbury,  Mass.,  a  grantee  of  the 
Plymouth  Company,  came  here  in  1780,  and  began  a  settlement  upon  the 
western  extremity  of  an  extensive  tract  of  land,  mostly  covered  with  the 
original  forest,  owned  by  Dr  Davis.  By  the  terms  of  this  agreement,  Jesse 
Davis  ^  was  to  make  a  clearing,  build  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  suitable  build- 
ings for  a  tavern,  and  Dr  Davis  was  to  convey  in  fee  a  considerable  tract  of 
land,  including  the  im[)rovements,  to  the  nephew,  who  drove  on  the  stipulated 
work  with  energy.  Soon  after  coming  here,  Jesse  Davis  married  Elizabeth 
Wilson,  of  Topsham,  whose  children  were  Jonathan  and  Rebecca  Davis.  After 
the  death  of  his  wife  he  married  Hannah,  daughter  of  Ca[)tain  James  Curtis, 
of  Brunswick  (an  officer  in  the  Revolution  who  came  to  Webster  and  died  in 
1824),  whose  child  was  Rachel  Davis  (Mrs  B.  D.  Bryent).  Early  in  1792  Jesse 
had  his  leg  amputated  in  consequence  of  a  wound  he  had  received  in  the  battle 
of  Lexington,  and  died  the  same  day.  Upon  the  death  of  Dr  Davis,  about  the 
same  time,  the  agreement  was  left  incomplete,  but  the  property  was  conveyed 
to  the  wife  and  children  of  Jesse.  This  colony  was  in  the  southwest  part  of 
the  town,  and  the  mills  built  by  Mr  Davis  were  near  the  southern  line,  on  the 
"fourth  power,"  so-called,  of  Sabattis  river,  where  the  fall  of  18  feet  is  now 
idle.  Among  the  early  additions  to  the  Davis  settlement  were  Samuel 
Simmons,^  Seth  Hinkley,  Phineas  and  Josiah  Jones,  James  Weeks,  Thomas 
and  Samuel  Tebbetts,  Alexander  Gray,'  Jethro  Sanborn,  E[)hraim  Jordan,  and 
Thomas  Davies.  In  1793  and  1794  came  William,  Joshua,  Daniel,  Noah,  and 
Jonathan  Jordan,  William  and  Jacob  True,  Phineas  Spofford,'  John  Cushing, 
Abel  Nutting,'  Nathan  Hanson,  Moses  Brown,  and  Aaron  Dvvinal.'  Simeon 
Crockett,  Simeon  and  Silas  Hamilton,  James  Colby,  Joseph  Wood.     William 

1  Soldiers  of  the  Revolution. 


470  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Heath  by  this  time  had  joined  this  colony  and  hjcated  here  or  in  the  central 
part  of  the  town.  Timothy  and  William  Higgins,  Levi  Temple,  Benjamin 
Henderson,  and  Nathaniel  Gilpatrick  had  settled  along  the  east  side  of  the 
Sabattus  before  1788,  and  from  1793  till  1802  came  to  the  town  as  settlers 
Paul'  and  John  Nowell,  Matthew  and  Benjamin  Jordan,  James  and  John 
Wilson,  Belcher  and  Elijah  Jones,  Samuel  and  Joseph  Deering,  Samuel  and 
Matthew  Libby,  Joseph,  James,  and  Thomas  Maxwell,  John  and  Nathaniel 
Smith,  William  and  Jonathan  Mitchell,  John  and  William  Hideout,  Robert 
Duncan,'  John  Henderson,  Jonathan  Whitney,  John  McManus,  Patrick 
Conner,  Samuel  Thompson,  Daniel  Green,  Robert  Niles,  John  Farrow,  Stephen 
Hibbert,  John  Gould,  Elias  Moody,  John  Gould,  Elisha  Hanson,  Jacob  Pettin- 
gill,  Samuel  Mallett,  Zebulon  Preble,  John  Lara,  Simeon  Ricker,'  Abraham 
Frost,  James  Calef,'  Jacob  Furbush,  Downing  Gooding,  Nathaniel  Sheldon, 
Benjamin  Hodgkins,  Elias  Storer,'  Samuel  Bennett,  Foster  Wentworth,'  and 
perhaps  others.  A  few  of  these  came  direct  from  Massachusetts,  but  most  of 
them  came  from  the  older  towns  of  York  and  Cumberland  counties.  Some 
who  came  after  1800,  were  Benjamin  Donnell,  from  Bath,  whose  first  wife  was 
Rebecca,  daughter  of  Jesse  Davis,  and  whose  land  was  situated  westward,  a 
short  distance  from  the  southern  village;  Charles  White,  also  from  Bath,  a 
carriage  maker,  who  married  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Ellis,  of 
Topsham,  and  whose  farm,  before  owned  by  William  A.  Dalton,  was  near  the 
western  base  of  Sabattis  mountain.  Benjamin  Robinson  and  his  son  John,  the 
brothers  Walter  Jordan  and  Isaiah  Jordan,  Cyrus  Marr,  and  Apollos  Miller,  all 
from  Cape  Elizabeth;  Asa  Johnson,  from  Andover,  Mass.;  Jeremiah  Moody, 
from  Westbrook;  one  Kenney,  living  on  the  hill  of  that  name;  one  Westcott, 
Benjamin  Howard,  Hiram  Jack,  Fairfield  Golder,  Samuel  Torrin,  Thomas 
Polly,  Edward  Brewer  from  Freeport,  John  Coffin,  Caleb  Lord,  Lee  Gilbert, 
Lemuel  Small,  Rev.  William  Frost,  Samuel  Ramsdell,  Solomon  and  Richard 
Maxwell  from  Cape  Elizabeth,  John  Vosmus,  William  Lane,  Lewis  Cushman, 
and  John  Sampson,  from  Bowdoinham. 

Early  Roads.  —  As  early  as  the  first  settlement,  a  winter  road  was  opened 
southward  to  the  central  parts  of  the  town,  known  long  afterwards  as  the 
Mast  Road,  over  which  were  taken  the  trunks  of  large  white-pine  trees  to 
the  Androscoggin  at  Little  River,  thence  floated  to  Brunswick,  then  drawn  by 
teams  to  Maquoit  bay,  thence  taken  by  water  to  Portland  and  used  for  masts 
and  spars.  The  first  public  highways  were  surveyed  by  Amos  Davis,  of 
Lewiston,  in  June,  1788,  under  the  direction  of  the  selectmen,  William  Gowell, 
Samuel  Tebbetts,  and  Ebenezer  Temple,  and  were  generally  along  the  route  of 
rough  "  bridle  paths,"  previously  opened.  One  of  these  roads  is  identified  as 
the  one  extending  along  the  northern  part  of  Lisbon  ridge  northward  by  the 
Robert   Hewey  estate.      Over   this  road    for  a  long  period   were  taken    the 

1  Soldiers  of  the  Revolution. 


Town  of  Webster.  471 


products  for  exchange  in  the  towns  on  the  Kennebec  river,  or  in  those  on 
tide-water.  In  1843  it  became  a  branch  of  the  Bay  liridge  Road.  At  the 
same  time  another  road  was  made,  extending  in  the  inegular  line  to  the  few 
scattered  locations  of  the  settlers  from  near  the  eastern  limits  of  the  town,  west- 
ward across  the  Mast  Road,  in  front  of  the  cabin  of  Thomas  Tebbets,  onward 
by  the  house  of  Timothy  Tebbetts,  over  Davis's  mill  ])on(l  and  Davis's  north 
line  to  Clark's  Meadow  Brook,  since  called  Dwelly's  Brook,  near  the  western 
boundary  of  the  town.  The  town,  in  1795,  recognized  the  rugged  way  they 
had  "swamped"  over  the  rocky  high  land,  near  their  dwellings,  from  the 
western  boundary  eastwardly  half  a  mile  to  its  intersection  with  the  road 
surveyed  in  1788  by  Amos  Davis,  as  a  public  town  way.  In  1797  the  town 
adopted  the  road  opened  by  the  colonists  on  the  western  margin  of  the  town, 
extending  from  the  road  just  mentioned,  northwardly  to  Wales,  and  with  but 
little  variation  it  is  still  traveled.  In  1806  the  town  discontinued  the  road 
from  Davis's  Mills  along  the  western  banks  of  Sabattis  river,  fronting  upon 
which,  eastwardly,  were  the  dwellings  of  Mrs  Davis,  Jonathan  Jordan,  Foster 
Wentworth,  William  Bucknam,  and  Russell  Hinkley ;  another  one  was  located 
50  yards  west,  and  this,  with  some  changes,  forms  with  the  road  last  mentioned 
a  continuous  line  from  Lisbon  to  Wales. 

Some  First  Things. —  In  the  Inventory  of  1792  occurs  the  first  mention  of 
the  ownership  of  a  horse,  when  a  settler  is  assessed  XG  for  one  and  =£4  for 
"sleigh  and  tackling."  The  first  wagon  was  brought  here  in  1805  by  Captain 
Nathaniel  Eames,  and  in  1825  Dr  Bellows  had  a  chaise.  By  1840  the  threshing 
machine  had  been  introduced,  and  a  few  years  later  came  the  horse-rake. 
Benjamin  D.  Bryent  took  the  first  newspaper  in  180(5.  The  first  birth  was 
that  of  John  Ross  in  1788.     He  died  in  Wales  in  December,  1851. 

Earljj  Values.— Yvom  1784  to  1792  Jesse  Davis  sold  to  16  settlers  1,480 
acres  of  land,  almost  the  whole  of  excellent  quality,  but  forest  land,  for  X534 
sterling,  equivalent  to  ^22,1.  The  dollar  being  rated  at  45  shillings  sterling, 
the  price  of  this  land  was  16  cents  an  acre.  A  resident  here  is  charged,  in  an 
account  in  1789,  with  sole  leather  at  20  cents  a  pound,  a  side  of  upper  leather 
12,  or  90  shillings  old  tenor ;  in  1794  with  240  nails,  double  tens,  50  cents ; 
tea,  $1  a  pound;  in  1796  with  molasses  at  75  cents  a  gallon,  salt  $1  a  bushel, 
coffee  at  25  cents  a  pound;  in  1797  with  "cotton  wool  "  at  50  cents  a  pound; 
and  is  credited  in  account  in  1792,  for  wheat  at  |1  a  bushel,  a  horse  at  -128, 
and  "one  ox  for  beef,"  -$20. 

First  Mar/istrates.  —  The  first  justice  of  the  peace  resident  here  was  Samuel 
Tebbetts,  who  came  from  Brunswick  and  went  to  Ohio  with  other  settlers  to 
permanently  reside  in  the  cold  year  of  1816.  Noah  Jordan  was  the  next  com- 
missioned justice.  He  came  from  Cape  Elizabeth  and  owned  the  mills  and 
water  privilege  improved  and  built  by  Jesse  Davis.  Benjamin  Dole  Bryent 
was  the  next  commissioned  magistrate.     He  was  educated  at  Exeter  (N.  H.) 


472  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Academy,  and  later  was  a  merchant  in  Portland.  He  came  here  in  1806, 
married  Rachel,  daughter  of  Jesse  Davis,  and  was  a  life-long  resident.  Ben- 
jamin Dole  Bryent,  Jr,  Esq.,  was  his  son. 

There  have  been  but  few  lawyers  here.  Levi  Stowell  was  in  practice  some 
years  from  1819.  To  him  succeeded  Samuel  Gooch,  and  later  Samuel  Moody. 
James  Emerson,  from  Bridgton,  was  here  from  1830  to  1853.  Jacob  Hill,  a 
graduate  of  Brown  University,  who  had  for  some  years  the  editorial  manage- 
ment of  the  Portland  Advertiser,  came  here  later  and  was  in  the  practice  of 
law  with  his  son.  Stetson  L.  Hill,  w^ho  is  the  successor  to  their  firm.  Barker 
Curtis,  Esq.,  was  a  lawyer  of  Windham  for  some  years  from  1807,  but  did  not 
practice  while  a  resident  here. 

The  early  physicians  were  Dr  Ithamar  Bellows,  who  came  from  Massa- 
chusetts in  1815,  Dr  Benjamin  H.  Mace,  from  New  Gloucester,  Dr  Leach  and 
Dr  Benoni  Cutter.  Later  have  practiced  here  Dr  Dwelly,  Drs  Daniel  and 
Alonzo  Garcelon,  of  Lewiston,  and  located  here  have  been  Dr  John  A.  Carter, 
Dr  Frank  E.  Sleeper,  located  in  Sabatis  in  1870,  and  Dr  M.  T.  Newton,  a  few 
years  since. 

Ephraim  Jordan.,  the  first  of  the  name  to  cross  the  Androscoggin,  came  in 
1787  from  Cape  Elizabeth,  and  purchased  150  acres  from  Jesse  Davis  and 
Samuel  Simmons,  on  which  was  a  small  dealing.  Here  he  lived  until  his 
death,  at  an  advanced  age,  December  11,  1816,  his  only  son.  Captain  Thomas 
Jordan,  succeeding  to  his  estates.  Paul  Nowell,  born  October  24,  1754,  with 
his  wife  located  soon  after  the  Revolution  in  tlie  southeastern  part  of  the  town 
and  was  a  life-long  resident,  dying  in  1835.  His  son,  Jeremiah,  became  a 
prominent  sea-captain,  and  commanded  the  vessel  which  conveyed  Jerome 
Bonaparte  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Patterson,  from  Baltimore  to  Europe  in 
1805.  After  27  years  of  life  at  sea  he  came  to  Webster  and  bought  a  farm  of 
Joseph  Deering  in  the  east  part  of  the  town,  married  successively  Hannah  and 
Eleanor  Hewey,  and  died  September  5,  1854. 

Among  some  of  the  more  prominent  of  early  residents  not  otherwise 
especially  mentioned  were  :  Captain  Nathaniel  Eames  and  Captain  Ithamar  B., 
his  son,  Captain  Edward  Drinkwater  and  his  son  Abijah,  Foster  Wentworth, 
Apollos  Miller,  Amos,  Orrin,  and  Albert  Dvvinel,  William  H.  Colby,  Captain 
Samuel  Cushman,  Benjamin  Howard,  Walter  and  Robert  Jordan,  Luther  L. 
Lombard.  Two  companies  of  militia,  commanded  by  Captain  Benjamin  D. 
Bryent  and  Captain  Samuel  True,  were  called  to  Bath  in  tiie  War  of  1812,  and 
Joseph  Sanborn,  son  of  Jethro  Sanborn,  was  in  active  service  through  the 
war.  (His  farm  is  now  owned  by  Edwin  Andrews.)  Benjamin  Day  and 
Albert  Dvvinel  were  soldiers  of  the  Mexican  War,  and  John  C,  son  of  Major 
William  P.  Davis,  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1824  and  became  an  officer  of 
the  regular  army.  ^Irij or- General  Benjamin  Bure/ess,  who  resided  here  most 
of  liis  life,  dying  however  in  Durham,  was  a  man  of  great  size  and  strength. 


Town  of  Webster.  473 


with  most  polished,  genial,  and  courteous  manners.  He  was  long  time  deputy 
sheriff  and  sheriff  of  Lincoln  county,  possessed  prominence  in  state  affairs,  and 
was  a  presidential  elector  in  1832.  He  was  a  model  officer  of  the  militia, 
where  his  title  was  acquired. 

James  Maxioell  came  to  that  part  of  Webster,  now  Sabattus  village,  from 
Cape  Elizabeth,  nearly  a  century  ago  and  located  on  the  farm  now  occupied 
by  his  grandson,  J.  Wesley  Maxwell.  On  the  rise  of  land  overlooking  the 
lake  he  erected  his  log  buildings,  cleared  his  fields,  and  was  a  life-long  resident. 
His  wife  was  Nancy  Peables,  and  their  children  attaining  maturity  were 
Charles  (who  lived  and  died  in  Poland),  William,  and  James,  who  is  a  resident 
of  Webster.  William,  born  October  13,  1806,  succeeded  his  father  on  the 
home  farm,  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Jonathan  Davis;  their  surviving 
children  are:  Davis  (lives  in  Wales),  Charles  H.  (lives  in  Auburn),  J. 
Wesley,  Rebecca,  Cedora  C.  (Mrs  Charles  F.  Smith).  Mr  Maxwell  was  an 
industrious  and  prosi)erous  farmer,  and  dealt  quite  largely  in  cattle  and  land. 
He  died  in  November,  1883.  -/.  Wesley  Maxwell^  son  of  William  and  Mary 
(Davis)  Maxwell,  was  born  in  Webster,  September  18,  1841.  He  had  a 
common  and  high  school  education  supplemented  by  attendance  at  Litchfield 
Academy  and  Maine  State  Seminary.  He  is  a  farmer  and  surveyor,  and  has 
been  conversant  with  town  and  county  affairs,  and  a  most  useful  man  in  the 
community.  As  a  teacher  for  16  winters  he  thoroughly  understands  educa- 
tional needs,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been  connected  with  the 
management  of  the  schools  as  superintending  school  committee  or  supervisor; 
and  for  25  years  consecutively  he  has  been  chosen  town  clerk,  and  in  all  his 
official  positions  his  duties  have  been  faithfully  and  promptly  performed;  as  a 
Republican  he  represented  his  town  in  the  legislature  of  1876;  he  has  been 
county  commissioner  nine  3''ears,  and  a  member  of  the  state  valuation 
committee  two  years.  Mr  Maxwell  is  a  Free  Baptist  in  his  religious  views. 
He  married,  October  17,1869,  Clara  F.,  daughter  of  Joel  and  Elizabeth  (Given) 
Moulton,  of  Greene.  Their  children  are  Lilla  M.,  Mary  E.,  Wendell  E.,  and 
Bertha  L.     They  have  a  beautiful  home  on  the  site  of  the  old  homestead. 

Sa7nuel  Simmons  came  to  Webster  early  and  bought  a  lot  and  built  a  house 
near  Robinson's  mountain.  He  was  one  of  the  first  school  teachers  here,  had 
much  literary  culture,  and  his  chirography  was  very  neat  and  legible.  He  was 
ver}^  tall,  possessed  great  muscular  power,  and  had  served  five  years  in  the 
army  of  the  Revolution.  He  died  at  Canton.  Through  his  son,  John,  and 
grandson,  Loring,  descends  Franklin  Simmons,  the  celebrated  sculptor,  whose 
mother  was  Dorothea,  daughter  of  William  Batchelder,  an  early  resident. 
Franklin  Simmons  was  born  in  Webster,  January  11,  1839,  and  about  1854 
came  to  Lewiston,  and  soon  after  became  assistant  paymaster  of  the  Hill  Mill, 
where  his  first  modeling  was  done.  He  subsequentlj^  opened  a  studio  in 
Lewiston,    and    made   busts  of    Rev.    George    Knox,    President   Champlin  of 


474  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


Waterville  College,  Hon.  Lot  M.  Morrill,  and  Professor  Packard  of  Bowdoin, 
and  an  ideal  figure,  "The  Newsboy,"  lost  in  the  burning  of  the  Lewiston  city 
building.  He  soon  removed  to  Portland,  and  executed  the  monument  of 
Governor  Dunlap  at  Brunswick,  and  the  statue  of  General  Berry.  He  removed 
from  Portland  to  Washington  and  made  busts  (among  others)  of  President 
Lincoln,  Generals  Grant  and  Meade,  and  modeled  the  statue  of  Roger 
Williams  for  the  state  of  Rhode  Island.  The  soldiers'  monument  in  Lewiston 
Citv  Park,  and  the  statue  of  Edward  Little,  in  Auburn,  were  his  work.  In 
1808  he  went  to  Rome,  where,  in  a  six-years'  residence,  he  did  much  fine  work. 
From  that  date  his  genius  lias  had  a  world-wide  celebrity,  and  his  home  has 
been  principally  in  Italy. 

Benjamm  I).  Bryent.,  -/r,  son  of  a  wealthy  farmer,  was  born  in  Webster, 
August  15,  1815,  and  died  in  April,  1887.  Educated  at  Bowdoin  and  in  New 
York,  where  he  became  a  lawyer,  the  death  of  his  betrothed  made  him  a 
recluse,  and  he  lived  for  years  in  an  old  house  in  Webster.  Learned  in  the 
law,  in  science,  in  literature,  speaking  five  languages,  a  graceful  writer  and 
artist,  he  chose  to  live  in  obscurity.  He  passed  his  time  in  reading  and 
in  writing  fragments  of  local  history,  verses,  philosophical  disquisitions, 
genealogies,  etc.  He  became  a  tall,  old  man,  with  bald  head,  gray  beard,  and 
refined  face,  who  dressed  neatly,  and  avoided  meat,  butter,  and  grease  as  food. 
His  last  request  was  that  his  death  should  be  unnoticed,  that  no  plate  should 
decorate  his  coffin,  and  that  his  age  should  not  be  carved  on  his  grave-stone. 
We  are  indebted  to  his  work  for  much  of  value  in  our  history. 

Firnt  Town  Mectbifi  and  Exeerpti<  from  Town  Records.  —  The  first  meeting 
was  called  by  Benjamin  D.  Bryent,  justice  of  the  peace,  on  the  application  of 
Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  Eben  Jordan,  James  Bryent,  Reuben  Kimball,  Jesse 
Davis,  Jonathan  Davis,  Asa  Sawyer,  Thomas  Jordan,  Ephraim  Jordan,  P.  M. 
Garcelon,  and  William  B.  Jordan.  He  directed  Thomas  Jordan  to  notify  the 
free-holders  to  meet  at  the  barn  of  Hugh  Weymouth,  March  30,  1840,  for  the 
choice  of  town  officers.  John  L.  Cutter  was  chosen  clerk;  Thomas  Jordan, 
Joseph  Sanborn,  and  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  selectmen,  assessors,  and  overseers; 
1450  were  voted  for  schools  ;  1900  for  expenses;  -11,400  for  highways.  April 
16  met  at  the  barn  of  Phineas  Jones.  Chose  Thomas  Fenderson,  Philip  M. 
Garcelon,  and  Solomon  Maxwell  to  ascertain  the  center  of  the  town  and  the 
most  suitable  location  for  a  town-house.  September  14  voted  to  set  the  town- 
house  on  the  road  on  which  Hugh  Weymouth  lives,  near  the  residence  of 
Jonathan  McKenney,  and  that  until  the  town-house  be  built,  all  town-meetings 
be  holden  in  Hugh  Weymouth's  barn.  1841,  February  22,  a  committee  was 
chosen  to  petition  the  legislature  for  a  separate  representation.  March  22  the 
limits  of  eleven  school  districts  were  established.  1846,  March  23,  voted  the 
assessors  view  each  person's  property  and  put  the  value  upon  the  valuation 
book  at  the  full  amount  of  the  appraisal.     1847,  March  15,  voted  to  build  a 


Town  of  Webster.  475 


town-house  as  near  the  Henry  Carville  school-house  as  possible,  and  Thomas 
Henderson,  Jesse  Davis,  and  Thomas  Jordan  chosen  to  build  the  house  for 
$150,  it  to  be  finished  by  September  1,  unless  125  could  be  saved  by  deferring 
it  another  year.  August  12  the  selectmen  fixed  the  pound-keeper's  charges : 
Horses,  24  hours,  42  cents;  two-year-old  colts,  33  cents;  one-year-old  colts,  25 
cents;  sheep  and  swine,  24  hours,  10  cents  each  ;  for  neat  cattle,  each,  24  hours, 
20  cents. 

1848,  March  15,  voted  to  relinquish  any  claim  against  the  Sabattus  Corpo- 
ration for  raising  the  waters  of  the  pond  and  flowing  the  road.  June  3  Benoni 
Cutter  was  licensed  to  sell  wine,  brandy,  rum,  etc.  1854,  March  6,  voted  to 
dispose  of  the  public  magazine,  lead,  etc.,  and  to  put  movable  seats  and  four 
desks  into  the  town-house.  1856,  March  10,  voted  to  furnish  guide-boards  at 
such  road  crossings  as  they  deem  proper.  1858,  June  7,  Webster  cast  52  votes 
for  the  prohibitory  law  of  1858,  and  18  for  the  license  law  of  1856.  1860, 
March  12,  it  was  voted  to  relinquish  all  claim  to  about  -164.12  in  the  hands  of 
Mr  Llewellyn  Williams,  received  by  him  from  sales  of  liquors,  and  also  all 
casks  except  those  having  liquors  in  them.  April  21  voted  that  all  buildings 
erected  for  manufacturing  purposes  be  exempt  from  taxation.  April  19  the 
line  between  Wales  and  Webster  was  perambulated.  1865,  March  30,  voted 
to  issue  bonds  to  the  amount  of  its  present  indebtedness  (or  a  portion  thereof), 
and  for  the  payment  of  all  future  bounties  to  soldiers.  1867,  June  3,  Webster 
voted  unanimously  (51  votes)  in  favor  of  amending  the  prohibitory  law  of 
1858.  1868,  September  14,  voted  (94)  in  favor  of  the  assumption  by  the  state 
of  the  war  debts  of  towns,  none  against.  1870,  February  10,  voted  to  fund 
the  town  debt  for  15  years,  and  to  use  the  bonds  coming  from  the  state,  for  the 
equalization  of  municipal  war  debts  towards  the  funding  of  said  debt.  1875, 
January  9,  J.  W.  Maxwell,  K.  Donnell,  and  J.  G.  Jordan  were  appointed  to 
use  all  honorable  means  to  prevent  a  dismemberment  of  the  town.  1879, 
September  8,  123  votes  were  cast  for  biennial  sessions,  none  against.  1881, 
March  14,  the  selectmen  were  instructed  to  perambulate  the  line  between 
Webster  and  Lewiston,  and  cause  suitable  monuments  to  be  erected.  1887, 
March  14,  voted  to  raise  |150  for  the  support  of  a  free  high  school,  also  to  pay 
$250  for  a  road  machine;  to  build,  at  an  expense  of  |60,  a  suitable  house  to 
lodge  tramps  in.  1891,  March  9,  the  appropriations  were:  Support  of  poor, 
1400;  common  schools,  $1  per  inhabitant;  free  high  school,  $200 ;  repair  of 
highways,  sidewalks,  and  bridges,  $1,000;  permanent  repairs  on  school-houses 
and  purchase  of   books,  $400;    fuel  for  schools,  $100;    contingent  expenses. 


The  state  valuation  of  1890  was  $395,082,  with  266  polls.  The  U.  S. 
census  of  1890  made  the  valuation  as  $432,447,  and  the  population  914. 

Webster  in  the  Civil  War.  — 1862,  June,  voted  to  raise  $175  for  relief  of 
soldiers'  families  in  Webster.     July  23  voted  to  pay  each  soldier  enlisting  to 


476  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


fill  the  quota  of  the  town  (being  ten)  $100,  and  a  note  for  11,000  was  made 
and  signed  by  Jonathan  Davis,  Esq.,  and  52  others.  August  18  voted  to  raise 
$1,400,  to  be  expended  in  procuring  soldiers  to  fill  the  town's  quota  under  the 
President's  call  for  nine  months'  men  and  that  each  man  enlisting  be  paid  -flOO, 
and  September  2  voted  to  raise  1800  upon  a  note  signed  by  Jesse  Davis  and 
lU  others.  September  9  -$2,200  additional  was  voted,  and  the  bounty  for  nine 
months'  men  was  made  |200.  1863,  March  9,  voted  to  raise  |200  to  furnish 
aid  to  soldiers'  families  in  time  of  need;  and  if  that  sum  should  prove  insuffi- 
cient, the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  raise  the  necessary  amount  by  loan. 
November  20  voted  to  pay  $250  to  each  volunteer  to  fill  the  quota  to  the 
number  of  12.  1864,  August  1,  voted  to  raise  $25  to  each  man  required  of 
Webster  under  tlie  President's  call  of  July  18,  1864;  and  S.  L.  Hill,  Retiah  D. 
Jones,  and  Omar  D.  Potter  be  a  committee  to  solicit  from  all  liable  to  the 
coming  draft  $40,  and  that  such  sum  go  to  the  assistance  of  those  who  sub- 
scribed, if  a  draft  should  take  place.  August  5  voted  the  same  committee  with 
Jesse  Davis,  Esq.,  to  procure  the  town's  quota.  November  19  the  same 
committee  were  directed  to  procure  five  volunteers,  to  be  accredited  to  the 
quota  of  the  town  under  any  future  call,  and  pay  the  volunteers  the  necessary 
bounties.  According  to  the  list  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  clerk,  $2,686  were 
raised  by  subscription  among  citizens  liable  to  a  draft.  Lieutenant  Otis  R. 
Colby  of  the  Fifteenth  Maine,  Joseph  P.  Work,  Company  F,  Nineteenth  Maine, 
Charles  Maines,  Seventeenth  U.  S.  Infantry,  and  Charles  Robinson,  First  New 
York  Cavalry,  who  died  in  service,  may  not  appear  in  our  military  history. 

Civil  List. —  1840  — Thomas  Jordan,  Joseph  Sanborn,  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  selectmen;  John  L. 
Cutter,  clerk.  18il  —  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  Thomas  Jordan,  Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  selectmen;  John  L. 
Cutter,  clerk.  1842  —  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  Thomas  Jordan,  Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  selectmen;  John  L. 
Cutter,  clerk.  1843 — Jesse  Davis,  Samson  Colby,  William  G.  Garcelon,  selectmen;  Philip  M. 
Garcelon,  clerk.  1844  —  Jesse  Davis,  Samson  Colby,  Samuel  Cushman,  selectmen;  Philip  M. 
Garcelon,  clerk.  1845  —  Jesse  Davis,  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  Melvin  Henderson,  selectmen;  Philip  M. 
Garcelon,  clerk.  1846  —  Jesse  Davis,  Samuel  Cushman,  James  Mann,  selectmen;  Philip  M.  Garcelon, 
clerk.  1847  —  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  Weutworth  Jordan,  James  Mann,  selectmen;  Philip  M.  Garcelon, 
clerk.     1848  —  Je.sse  Davis,  D.  L.  Weymouth,  J.  B.  Jordan,  selectmen;    Philiii  M.  Garcelon,  clerk. 

1849  —  Samson  Colby,  Melvin  Henderson,  John  M.  Maxwell,  selectmen;   Philip  M.  Garcelon,  clerk. 

1850  —  Samson  Colby,  .John  M.  Maxwell,  James  Bryant,  selectmen;  Philip  M.  Garcelon,  clerk.  1851  — 
Samson  Colby,  John  M.  Maxwell,  James  Bryant,  selectmen;  James  Bryant,  clerk.  1852 — Samson 
Colby,  John  M.  Maxwell,  James  Bryant,  selectmen;  James  Bryant,  clerk.  1853  —  John  M.  Maxwell, 
James  Bryant,  Nathaniel  Dennett,  selectmen;  James  Bryant,  clerk.  1854  —  John  M.  Maxwell,  James 
Bryant,  Nathaniel  Dennett,  selectmen;  James  Bryant,  clerk.  1855 — James  I>ryant,  Nathaniel  Dennett, 
Foster  D.  Wentworth,  selectmen;  James  Bryant,  clerk.  ISSfi — John  M.  Maxwell,  Foster  D.  Went- 
worth,  Uriah  Gray,  selectmen;  James  Bryant,  clerk.  1857 — Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  Kingsbury 
Donnell,  Charles  R.  Mitchell,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  1858  —  Jonathan  B.  Jordan, 
Kingsbury  Donnell,  Charles  R.  Mitchell,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  1859  —  Jonathan  B. 
Jordan,  Kingslniry  Donnell,  James  Mann,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  1860— Nathaniel 
Dennett,  Omar  I).  Potter,  John  Whitten,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  1861 —Nathaniel 
Dennett,  Omar  D.  Potter,  Cyrus  Haskell,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  1862  — Jesse  Davis, 
Omar  D.  Potter,  Cyrus  Haskell,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  18(i3— Jesse  Davis,  Cyrus 
Haskell,  James  Hewoy,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  1864  — Jesse  Davis,  Omar  D.  Potter, 
James  Mann,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  1865  —  Jesse  Davis,  Omar  D.  Potter,  James 
Mann,  selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.     1866  — James  Bryant,  James  Mann,  Kingsbury  Donnell, 


Town  of  Webster.  477 


selectmen;  Augustus  M.  Cary,  clerk.  18f)7  — James  Bryant,  Stetson  L.  Hill,  Arthur  Maxwell, 
selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1868 — James  Bryant,  Stetson  L.  Hill,  Artliur  Maxwell,  selectmen; 
J.  W.Maxwell,  clerk.  18(59 —Kingsbury  Donnell,  John  Eaton,  George  B.  Haskell,  selectmen;  J.  W. 
Maxwell,  clerk.  1870  — Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  A.  Sanborn,  Charles  E.  Garcelon,  selectmen;  J.  W. 
Maxwell,  clerk.  1871 — Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  A.  Sanborn,  Charles  E.  Garcelon,  selectmen;  J.  VV. 
Maxwell,  clerk.  1872  — Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  D.  D.  Golder,  James  G.  Jordan,  selectmen;  J.  W. 
Maxwell,  clerk.  1873  — David  Webber,  D.  D.  Golder,  James  G.  Jordan,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell, 
clerk.  1874  — James  G.  Jordan,  Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  Stetson  L.  Hill,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell, 
clerk.  1875  — David  Webber,  William  Jordan,  A.  Philbrook,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk. 
1876—  David  Webber,  R.  D.  T.  Philbrook,  W.  H.  Wright,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1877  — 
Jonathan  B.  Jordan,  W.  H.  Wright,  A.  J.  Larrabee,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1878  — W. 
H.  Wright,  A.  J.  Larrabee,  R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1879  — W.  H. 
Wright,  R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook,  C.  H.  Maxwell,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1880  — W.  H.  Wright, 
R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook,  C.  H.  Maxwell,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1881— R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook, 
A.  J.  Larrabee,  Nelson  Haley,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1882  — R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook,  James 
G.  Jordan,  Benjamin  F.  Dennison,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1883  — R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook, 
James  G.  Jordan,  Benj.F.  Dennison,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1884  — R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook, 
James  G.  Jordan,  James  Maxwell,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1885  — R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook, 
James  G.  Jordan,  James  Maxwell,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1886— El.  D.  Y.  Pliilbrook, 
James  Maxwell,  Benjamin  P.  Jordan,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1887  — R.  D.  Y.  Philbrook, 
James  H.  Jordan,  Benjamin  P.  Jordan,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clei'k.  1888.  —  Omar  D.  Potter, 
James  H.  Jordan,  F.  L.  Sanborn,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1889 — Omar  D.  Potter,  James 
H.  Jordan,  P.  M.  Spofford,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1890  — Omar  D.  Potter,  P.  M. 
Spofford,  Charles  Bigelow,  selectmen  ;  J.  W.  Maxwell,  clerk.  1891  —  Omar  D.  Potter,  P.  M.  Spofford, 
Charles  Bigelow,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Ma.xwell,  clerk. 


CHAPTER   XXV. 


Sabattus  —Saw  and  Grist  Mills  —  Niles's  Mills— Webster  Woolen  Company — Traders, 
etc. — Sabattus  Co-operative  Association  — Webster  Corner  —  Farmers — Cliurches — Schools. 

SABATTIS,  Sabatis,  or  Sabattus. '^  —  This  brisk  village  is  at  the  foot  of  the 
lake  from  which  it  takes  its  name,  and  lies  in  the  northwestern  corner  of 
the  town.  Robert  Niles  at  one  time  owned  nearly  all  the  land  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  village  known  as  Niles's  Mills.  His  saw  and  grist  mills  were 
the  first,  and  for  many  years  the  only  manufacturing  industries.  At  one  time 
he  owned  and  operated  two  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill.  After  his  death  his 
sons,  Robert,  Jeremiah,  Russell,  and  Hiram,  conducted  the  business  until  they 
divided  the  estate.     Jeremiah,  a  joiner  by  trade,  carried  on  one  of  the  saw-mills 

iThis  name,  generally  supposed  to  be  an  Indian  one,  is  in  reality  a  corruption  of  Jean  Baptiste,  a 
favorite  name  among  the  French  Canadians,  and  given  by  the  early  French  missionaries  to  Indian 
converts  as  a  baptismal  name.  There  is  no  standard  orthography  for  the  name  as  it  has  been  handed 
down  to  us  in  its  changed  form,  every  one  spelling  it  according  to  his  fancy  — Sebattus,  Sebattis, 
Sabattis,  Sabattus,  or  Sabatis.  The  United  States  authorities  named  the  post-office  Sabattus,  and  this 
spelling  some  give  to  the  lake  and  village.     Another  favorite  spelling  is  Sabatis. 


478  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


for  a  while.  Jeremiah's  son,  Joseph  M.  Niles,  has  been  a  harness  manufacturer 
since  1857,  and  is  now  in  company  witli  his  son,  Amasa  W.  The  water-power, 
given  by  a  succession  of  falls,  was  early  ai)preciated,  and  nearly  100  years  ago 
saw  and  grist  mills  were  built  on  the  fall  of  12  feet  (called  the  first  privilege) 
by  the  early  settlers,  Robert  Ross,  Robert  Niles,  and  others.  They  were  poor 
affairs,  but  served  the  wants  of  the  settlers  and  lasted  many  years.  They 
were  rebuilt  in  1844  by  Captain  John  Lombard  and  Captain  Samuel  Watts. 
In  1864  John  Burt  purchased  the  grist-mill  and  Reuben  Drinkwater  the  saw- 
mill. In  1881  Retiah  D.  Jones  bought  Drinkwater's  interest  and  built  the 
grist-mill  he  now  occupies.  Burt  sold  the  grist-mill  to  Given  Jamison  and 
Luther  Lombard,  who  built  a  grist-mill  and  later  a  cotton  mill  which  passed 
into  the  ownership  of  James  Hearst,  and  was  sold  by  David  Cowan,  his  admin- 
istrator, in  1882  to  John  Harper  who  commenced  woolen  manufacture.  In 
1888  this  also  became  the  property  of  R.  D.  Jones,  who  has  allowed  it  to 
remain  unused.  Mr  Jones  has  been  in  business  here  since  1845.  He  then 
opened  a  store  which  he  conducted  28  years,  and  has  since  been  prominently 
connected  with  the  development  of  the  place.  He  says  that,  when  he  came, 
"  two  stores,  whose  owners  swapped  horses  and  sold  new  rum,  molasses,  and 
tobacco,  and  the  old  Niles  Mills  comprised  the  entire  business  interests  of  the 
place."     He  now  transacts  a  business  of  -$25,000  annually. 

Webster  Woolen  Oompany.  —  This  company  has  a  most  advantageous 
location  with  a  water  privilege  consisting  of  the  entire  outlet  of  Lake  Sabattus, 
whose  four  miles  of  area  is  confined  and  enlarged  by  a  solid  dam,  and  whose 
reservoir  can  be  considerably  increased,  and  two  falls  of  14  and  12  feet 
respectively.  The  shipping  facilities  are  also  most  excellent,  the  railroad 
running  into  the  yard  of  the  mill.  These  things  combined  with  the  pure 
water,  healthfnlness  of  climate,  and  other  advantages,  place  this  company  in  a 
situation  to  make  the  best  possible  fabrics  and  place  them  readily  in  the 
market.  The  mills  of  this  company  give  employment  to  about  250  operatives, 
and  have  done  much  towards  building  up  the  thriving  village,  and  are  largely 
owned  by  capitalists  of  keen  shrewdness  and  financial  ability  residing  out  of 
the  state.  The  mills  are  large  brick  structures  known  as  Mill  No.  1  and  Mill 
No.  li.  Mill  No.  1  was  built  on  a  fall  of  12  feet,  in  1860,  by  Captain  Luther 
Lombard  and  R.  D.  Jones,  on  the  site  of  the  old-time  saw-mill  of  John 
Cushing.  This  was  enlarged  in  1864  and  operated  successfully  by  James 
Hearst,  a  practical  woolen  manufacturer  of  experience  and  energy  but  of 
reckless  habits  and  extravagant  manner  of  life.  In  1867  Hearst  went  into 
bankruptcy,  and  the  mill,  after  passing  through  the  hands  of  several  owners, 
was  purchased  about  1875  by  Robert  Bleakie  &  Co.,  of  Hyde  Park,  Mass.,  and 
John  S.  Bleakie  became  manager.  Good  work  was  done  and  a  successful 
business  conducted.  July  1,  1889,  the  Webster  Woolen  Company  was 
organized  with  1100,000,  and  Charles  Bigelow,  of  Boston,  an  incorporator  of 


Town  of  Webster.  479 


the  company,  became  general  manager,  and  under  his  personal  supervision  the 
higli  character  of  the  product  is  maintained  and  the  amount  steadily  increased. 
The  company  manufactures  fancy  cassinieres,  using  about  3,500  pounds  of 
American  wool  daily.  Mill  1^  was  built  in  18G9  on  the  second  power  of 
Sabattus  river,  on  the  site  of  one  of  the  first  woolen  mills  in  the  county  (built 
in  1846  by  a  Levviston  company,  among  which  William  R.  Frye  and  Dr  Alonzo 
Garcelon  were  prominent).  This  was  burned  in  1856,  and  in  1869  the  present 
mill  was  built  by  R.  D.  Jones.  It  was  conducted  by  him  until  1881  when  it 
was  purchased  by  Robert  Bleakie  &  Co.,  and  is  now  the  property  of  the 
Webster  Woolen  Company,  and  operated  by  it.  Two  four-feet  Rodney  Hunt 
water  wheels  and  a  60  horse-power  engine  furnish  power  at  Mill  No.  1,  and  a 
40  horse-power  engine  is  in  use  at  Mill  No.  1^.  180  male  and  70  female 
operatives  are  emplo^'-ed;  150  of  them  at  Mill  No.  1,  and  100  at  Mill  li.  The 
pay-roll  amounts  to  over  $100,000  yearly.  Seven  months  of  the  year  heavy- 
weight goods  are  made,  the  product  being  7,000  yards  f  width.  During  the 
remaining  five  months,  light-weight  goods  are  produced,  the  product  being 
from  8,000  to  9,000  yards  f  width.  Charles  A.  Amback  is  superintendent  of 
Mill  No.  1,  and  J.  Frank  Vose  of  Mill  No.  1^.  Both  are  experienced  woolen 
workers,  and  the  character  of  the  product  is  above  criticism.  This  second 
power  has  a  fall  of  14  feet,  and  here  was  built  a  saw-mill  in  1867  and  a  man- 
ufactory of  "excelsior"  was  connected  with  it  for  some  years.  J.  Frank  Vose 
now  owns  this  property,  and  it  does  good  business  both  as  a  saw  and  giist  mill. 

Charles  A.  Ambaek,  son  of  Frank  H.  and  Caroline  Amback,  was  born  in 
Greiz,  German3%  March  8,  1842,  and  came  to  America  with  his  father  in  1856. 
He  had  learned  hand-loom  weaving  before  he  left  Germany,  and  learned 
power-loom  weaving  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.  From  1866  to  1873  he  worked  in  the 
Worumbo  Mills  at  Lisbon  Falls,  and  from  1873  to  1875  was  foreman  of  the 
weave-room  in  the  mill  at  Sabattus  under  J.  S.  Bleakie  as  superintendent,  and 
has  been  superintendent  since  Mr  Bleakie  purchased  the  mill  in  1875.  Mr 
Amback  is  an  Advent  in  his  religious  preferences,  an  Independent  in  politics, 
tied  to  tlie  platform  of  no  political  party,  but  supporting  the  man  who  will 
best  serve  the  interests  of  the  people. 

Edwin  Woodside,  son  of  Calvin  and  Emily  (Whittum)  Woodside,  was  born 
in  Wales,  June  2,  1840,  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Wales  and  at 
the  Maine  State  Seminary.  He  then  taught  school  two  years,  traveled  in  the 
West  for  four  years,  lecturing  on  astronomy.  In  1869  he  went  into  trade  in 
Sabatis,  and  has  prospered  in  business  and  now  has  three  stores,  one  a  grocery, 
hardware,  and  boot  and  shoe  store,  one  a  drug  store,  and  one  a  millinery  and 
fancy  goods  store,  business  amounting  to  $20,000  a  year.  He  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  and  is  postmaster.  He  has  been  supervisor  of  schools  in  Webster, 
and  a  member  of  the  common  council  of  Lewiston.  He  married  Sarah  A. 
Wadlin,  of  Northport,  in  January,  1871.     They  have  one  son,  Tileston. 


480  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


G.  W.  Sawyer  has  been  in  business  in  Sabattus  for  13  3'^ears.  He  keeps 
groceries  and  dry  goods,  and  does  over  |5,000  worth  of  business  a  year. 

Benjamin  F.  Denniwu,  son  of  Benjamin  L.  and  Lucy  (Brown)  Dennison, 
of  Freeport,  was  born  in  that  town  June  28,  1846.  A  pioneer  of  the  family, 
who  emigrated  from  England  in  1767,  located  in  Freeport  early.  Mr  Dennison 
has  been  in  trade  16  years  in  Sabattus ;  he  bought  out  C.  C  Crockett,  October 
8,  1874,  and  married  Alma  Goddard  October  18,  located  at  Sabattus  and 
commenced  business  November  23,  with  a  small  stock  of  groceries  and 
provisions,  and  some  small  wares  and  fancy  goods.  He  was  a  good  financier, 
a  faithful  trader,  was  popular  with  his  customers,  and  with  the  aid  of  his 
capable  wife,  in  five  years  was  able  to  purchase  two  building  lots,  and  erected 
a  fine  residence,  store,  and  stable.  Besides  conducting  merchandising,  Mr 
Dennison  has  been  prominent  in  town  affairs,  etc.  He  was  appointed  post- 
master at  Sabattus,  November  4,  1885,  and  continued  until  June  31,  1890 ;  he 
was  chosen  a  director  of  the  Sabattus  Mountain  Creamery  Corporation  of 
Wales,  in  December,  1885,  re-elected  for  four  years,  was  chosen  agent  in  1886, 
agent  and  treasurer  in  1887,  and  held  these  offices  until  December  25,1889: 
he  has  also  been  agent  for  the  village,  schools,  and  had  the  buildings  and 
schools  in  good  working  order  prior  to  the  adoption  of  the  town  system,  and 
was  an  efficient  road  agent  for  two  years.  Mr  Dennison  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics,  a  Free  Baptist  in  religious  belief,  and  one  of  the  enterprising,  pros- 
perous citizens  of  the  town. 

Sabattus  Co-operative  Asi^ociatioii  was  organized  October  1,  1886,  and  incor- 
porated November  3,  1886.  It  commenced  operations  with  80  members  and 
$1,000  capital,  and  now  carries  on  trade  where  it  began.  The  association 
now  has  about  130  members,  and  a  capital  of  over  'f4,200.  An  account  of 
stock  is  taken  every  six  months,  and  after  paying  six  per  cent,  on  the  capital 
stock,  a  dividend,  usually  from  eight  to  13  per  cent,  is  declared  to  trading- 
members  on  the  amount  of  their  purchase.  M.  C.  Webber  was  general  super- 
intendent of  the  store  until  1891.  There  are  several  other  business  houses, 
two  physicians  (Frank  E.  Sleeper,  M.D.,  located  here  in  1870  —  see  page  255), 
one  lawyer,  two  churches,  a  good  grammar  and  primary  school,  masonic  and 
other  societies,  a  railroad  station,  and  several  pleasant  residences.  Three 
religious  organizations.  Free  Baptists,  Adventists,  and  Roman  Catholics,  hold 
regular  meetings. 

Wehater  Corner  (Webster  post-office)  is  near  the  south  line  of  the  town, 
where  legislation  has  taken  a  small  square  from  Lisbon  to  add  to  Webster,  and, 
in  the  early  settlement,  was  the  center  of  business,  its  post-office  in  1826 
having  the  third  amount  of  receipts  in  the  county — i|53.  Here  is  the  fourth 
power  of  Sabattus  river,  and  on  its  magnificent  fall  of  18  feet  Jesse  Davis,  in 
1780,  built  the  first  saw  and  grist  mills  of  the  town.  While  the  town  was 
being  settled,  and  while  manufacturing  was  carried  on,  business  activity  was 


Town  op  Webster.  481 


considerable,  but  the  power  is  unapplied  to  any  use,  and  the  railroad  did  not 
come  nearer  than  Lisbon,  and  there  is  now  but  a  small  liamlet  with  one  store. 
A  meeting-house  was  built  here  in  1827  by  the  Baptists  and  Universalists.  It 
later  came  into  possession  of  the  Ijaptists,  whose  society  was  composed  of 
members  from  Lisbon  and  this  part  of  Webster,  but  no  religious  services  have 
been  regularly  held  by  this  society  for  many  years.  The  Spiritualists  have 
quite  an  active  organization  with  services  held  regularly. 

Among  the  resident  farmers  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  town  who  are 
worthy  of  mention  are:  Kingsbury  Donnell,  who  has  been  prominent  in  town 
affairs,  justice  of  the  peace,  selectman  for  many  years,  and  often  chairman  of 
the  board,  and  Omar  D.  Potter,  father  of  Colonel  Noel  B.  Potter,  county 
treasurer,  who  has  also  served  long  on  the  board  of  selectmen  and  is  the 
present  chairman,  which  position  he  has  held  since  1888.  He  also  represented 
the  town  in  the  legislature  of  1872. 

Jerry  Crowle//  iSpoford,  son  of  Calvin  and  Lydia  A.  (Wentworth)  Spofford, 
is  a  native  of  Webster,  as  were  his  parents.  He  is  grandson  of  Phineas 
Spofford,  who  came  to  Webster  some  time  prior  to  1788,  and  settled  on  the 
farm  now  occupied  by  his  grandson,  Phineas  M.  Spofford,^  and  great-grandson 
of  Foster  Wentworth,  who  settled  in  Lisbon  about  1791,  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  John  L.  Davis.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  has  taught 
school,  been  a  member  of  the  school  committee,  is  a  member  of  Lewiston 
Grange,  No.  2,  and  one  of  the  enterprising  farmers  of  his  town. 

Frank  L.  Sanhorn,  son  of  David  S.  Sanborn,  late  of  Wales,  is  a  farmer 
and  fruit  grower.  He  occupies  the  farm  about  one  mile  southerly  of  Sabattus, 
on  the  road  leading  to  Lisbon.  His  grandfather,  Benjamin,  purchased  tliis 
farm  about  00  years  ago,  of  Samuel  True,  an  early  settler  and  captain  of  a 
militia  company  in  the  War  of  1812.  Since  its  purchase  the  farm  has  been  in 
the  Sanborn  family.  Mr  Sanborn  is  one  of  Webster's  energetic  and  valuable 
citizens. 

Beacon  Samuel  Cotton  BuJcer,  of  Webster,  is  a  native  of  Bowdoinham,  where 
his  parents,  Caleb  and  Lydia  (Coombs)  Buker,  were  born.  He  married  Sybil 
Cook,  of  Madrid.  The  Buker  and  Cook  families  were  early  settlers  of 
Bowdoinham  and  Madrid.  Deacon  Buker  is  a  Republican  in  his  politics,  and  a 
Free  Baptist  in  his  religious  preferences,  and  has  been  deacon  of  the  church  of 
that  denomination  for  several  years.  He  is  a  "tiller  of  the  soil,"  and  has  a  fine 
farm,  in  excellent  condition,  having  a  good  water  supply  and  a  large  fruit 
orchard.  It  is  conveniently  situated  for  church  and  post-office,  either  at 
Webster  or  Sabatis.  Mrs  Buker  died  October  0,  1887.  Their  children  are : 
Malcom  F.,  married  Susie  Cole,  of  Gardiner,  and  resides  on  the  farm;  Marshall 
D.  (dec.)  ;  Fred  M.,  was  educated  at  Bates  College ;  and  Eva  F.,  a  teacher. 

1  Three  of  this  family,  Sergeant  David  Spofford,  Moody  and  Greeuleaf  Spofford,  privates,  were  in  the 
War  of  1812. 


482  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


WiUard  M.  RoUnson,  born  in  Webster  in  1841,  is  fifth  in  descent  from 
Bryant  Robinson,  who  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and  settled  in  Bath,  in 
1738.  John  and  William  came  in  1805,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  occupied 
by  WiUard  M.,  who  manied  Mary  A.  Jenkins,  of  Wales.  Their  daughter, 
Ano-ie  L.,  was  born  in  1867.  Mr  Robinson  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  Besides 
the  management  of  his  farni,  he  does  considerable  carriage  painting  and  repair- 
ing.    He  is  a  member  of  and  an  active  supporter  of  the  Grange. 

Herhert  J.  CarviU,  son  of  Ezra  R.,  and  Dorcas  A.  (Jordan)  Carvill,  was 
born  in  Wales,  in  1855.  When  he  was  three  years  old  his  parents  moved  to 
Lewiston,  where  they  now  reside,  and  Mr  Carvill  remained  until  he  was  20 
years  old,  liaving  the  benefit  of  its  educational  advantages.  He  then  attended 
J^itchfield  Academy,  and  took  a  four  years'  course  at  Kent's  Hill,  teaching 
school  winters.  He  married  Addie  A.  Campbell,  of  Litchfield  Corners,  and 
now  carries  on  a  farm  and  teaches  school  winters.  He  is  a  Republican 
politically,  was  collector  and  treasurer  of  Webster  from  1884  to  188U,  and  in 
1891.  In  1890  he  was  chosen  chairman  of  the  superintending  school  com- 
mittee.    He  is  secretary  of  South  Lewiston  Grange. 

Baptist  Church.  —  This  cluirch  was  constituted  with  twenty  members  as 
the  fruits  of  the  occasional  ministry  of  Elders  Potter  and  Macomber  in  1794. 
At  a  town  meeting  held  November  7,  1796,  the  clerk  recorded:  "It  was  voted 
to  support  the  gospel  agreeably  to  law  in  the  Baptist  order.  Twenty-six  votes 
of  the  Baptist  order,  eight  votes  of  the  Congregational  order."  In  1822  this 
church  had  lapsed  and  a  new  organization  was  demanded.  The  following 
application  was  made  : 

To  Benjamin  H.  Mace,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the  County  of  Lincoln: 

Sir:  We,  the  subscribers,  being  desirous  of  incorporating  ourselves  into  a  parisb  or 
religious  society,  humbly  request  you  to  issue  a  warrant  to  some  one  of  our  number 
directing  him  to  notify  the  remainder  of  us  to  meet  at  some  suitable  place  for  the  purpose 
of  incorporating  ourselves  into  a  parish  or  religious  society  to  be  known  by  such  name  and 
style  as  we  shall  hereafter  see  fit  to  adopt.  Dated  at  Lisbon  this  6th  day  of  September, 
1822.  Samuel  Bearing,  Peter  Garcelou,  Dennis  Deariug,  Joshua  Jordan,  Robert  Jordan, 
Joshua  Robinson,  Valentine  Jordan,  John  Gushing,  Jeremiah  A.  Niles,  William  Eaton, 
Samuel  True,  Mark  Garcelon,  Charles  Farrow,  Edward  Drinkwater,  John  Ross,  Sewell 
Farrow,  Thomas  Alexander,  Joshua  Flaley,  Reuben  Farrow,  Asa  Sawyer,  Josepli  R.  Niles, 
WiUiam  Golder,  Jr,  Aaron  Hamilton,  Samuel  Ramsdell,  John  D.  Ricker,  Solomon  Bangs. 

September  18,  in  accordance  with  this  request.  Esquire  Mace  issued  a 
warrant  to  Samuel  True,  directing  him  to  notify  the  remainder  of  the 
applicants  to  meet  at  some  suitable  time  and  place.  Mr  True  named  the 
school-house  in  District  No.  6  as  the  place,  and  Saturday,  September  21,  as  the 
time.  At  the  meeting  it  was  decided  to  adopt  the  name  of  the  First  Baptist 
Religious  Society  in  Lisbon.  John  Ross  was  chosen  moderator,  and  Samuel 
True,  clerk.     The  meeting  then  adjourned  to  September  30.     At  the  adjourned 


Town  of  Webster.  483 


meeting,  Peter  Garcelon,  Edward  Drink  water,  and  John  Ross  were  elected 
assessors;  Samuel  True,  treasurer;  Mark  Garcelon,  collector;  Joshua  Haley, 
John  Ross,  and  Samuel  True,  standing  committee.  It  was  voted  to  raise  ilGO 
for  the  support  of  the  gospel  for  one  year  from  the  first  of  January  next.  Peter 
Garcelon,  Joshua  Robinson,  and  Samuel  True  were  instructed  to  draw  a  plan 
for  a  meeting-house,  and  present  it  to  the  society  on  Monday,  October  28, 
when  the  plan  was  presented,  and  Captain  Edward  Drinkwater  chosen 
auctioneer  to  sell  the  pews.  Pew  No.  30  was  struck  off  to  Thomas  Alexander 
for  -137.50;  No.  12  to  Samuel  Bearing,  .^37;  No.  28  to  Joshua  Haley,  |36; 
No.  34  to  Reuben  Farrow,  140;  No.  32  to  John  Gushing,  |37;  No.  10  to 
Sylvanus  Dyer,  -^36;  No.  14  to  Samuel  Ti-ue,  i37;  No.  16  to  James  McFarlind, 
137;  No.  8  to  William  Jordan,  -f  36 ;  No.  26  to  Valeutiue  Jordan,  $36;  No.  24 
to  Samuel  Dearing,  $35 ;  No.  6  to  Joshua  Robinson,  -132 ;  No.  4  to  Robert 
Jordan,  |30;  No.  15  to  John  Gushing,  $27;  No.  40  to  Elias  Merrill,  $27;  No. 
39  to  Jacob  Anderson,  $27;  No.  38  to  John  Gushing,  $30;  No.  33  to  John 
Ross,  $25;  No.  17  to  John  Farrow,  $27;  No.  11  to  Edward  Drinkwater,  $30; 
No.  9,  to  William  Eaton,  $33.  Thomas  Alexander,  John  Ross,  Samuel 
Dearing,  and  Samuel  True  were  chosen  a  committee  to  superintend  the 
building  of  the  meeting-house.  Later  in  the  same  year,  pews  were  sold  to 
Aaron  H.  Mills,  Samuel  True,  William  Golder,  John  D.  Ricker,  Simeon  Ricker, 
Peter  Garcelon,  Samuel  Dearing,  and  Henry  Hamilton. 

The  meeting-house,  finished  in  1824,  was  built  of  wood  and  stood  upon  an 
elevation  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  town  about  one  mile  from  Sabattus 
village,  and  was  used  for  religious  purposes  until  1870.  This  society  was  the 
First  church  until  1836,  wlien  it  was. re-organized  as  Lisbon  Corner  church,  and 
in  1843  as  the  Second  Webster  church.  Its  early  days,  under  Rev.  Ichabod 
Temple  and  Elder  Cole,  from  1797  to  1806  when  Mr  Tein})le  resigned,  were  its 
most  prosperous  ones.  In  1817,  Rev.  Daniel  Pierce  was  licensed,  and  in  1819, 
ordained.  Rev.  James  Stuart,  Elder  Pierce,  Rev.  S.  Owen,  and  Rev.  Mr 
Hooper  officiated  here  until  1825,  but  the  records  are  not  explicit  as  to  time 
or  length  of  labors.  For  the  next  decade  only  occasional  preaching  was  had, 
then  Rev.  Jotham  Day,  and  later.  Rev.  A.  Lothrop,  rendered  valuable  service. 
In  1843  the  membership  was  43.  A  new  meeting-house  was  built  in  1856,  in 
a  beautiful  location  in  Sabattus  village,  and  Rev.  Leander  S.  Tripp  became 
pastor.  The  last  regular  pastor  was  Rev.  Erwin  Dennett,  but  Rev.  Robert 
Scott,  of  Greene,  lield  services  until  the  church  lost  its  visibility  some  years 
since.  The  meeting-house  has  been  occupied  by  the  Adventists  since  the 
formation  of  their  society  in  1885. 

The  Free  Baptht>i  have  possessed  quite  a  strength  here.  February  12,  1831, 
19  of  the  brethren  and  sisters  of  the  village  of  Sabattus  met  and  made  choice 
of  Elder  Jonathan  Tracy  as  moderator,  and  James  VV^eymoutli  secretary.  They 
voted  to  be  embodied  into  a  cliurcli,  and  on  March  5  the  right  lumd  of  fellow- 


484  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


ship  was  extended  by  Elder  Thorn,  and  James  Weymouth  was  elected  clerk; 
David  Graffam  and  Samuel  Maxwell  were  chosen  deacons.  Voted  to  hold 
monthly  conferences  the  second  Saturday  in  each  month.  These  persons  were 
formed  into  a  church:  James  Weymouth,  Mary  Weymouth,  Samuel  Maxwell, 
Aaron  H.  Niles,  Betsey  Niles,  Timothy  Jordan,  Mrs  C.  A.  Jordan,  William 
Eaton,  Philenia  Eaton,  Sally  Dyer,  Anna  Mitchell,  Lucy  Lowell,  Stephen 
Lake,  Anna  Gushing,  David  Stewart,  Jemima  Hobbs,  Malinda  Lake,  Julia 
Wright,  David  Graffam,  Betsey  Graffam,  Abigail  Richardson,  Isaac  Stewart, 
Samuel  Lane,  Charles  Maxwell,  Lovina  Maxwell,  Nancy  Maxwell,  and  18 
others  (names  not  recorded).  In  1840  a  fine  meeting-house  was  built  and  a 
bell  was  later  added  by  the  generosity  of  Captain  Luther  Lombard.  Regular 
services  have  been  maintained  and  some  resident  pastors  have  been  employed, 
but  of  late  years  most  of  the  preaching  has  been  done  by  students  of  Cobb 
Divinity  School  of  Bates  College.  The  following  have  ministered  to  this 
church:  Jonathan  Tracy,  Mark  Getchell,  Allen  Files,  Gideon  Perkins,  William 
Gowell,  Albert  Purington,  Isaac  Libby,  Moses  Tarbox,  Asa  F.  Hutchinson, 
Levi  Brackett,  James  Boyd,  Albert  Heath,  William  Stinson,  Andrew  Buck, 
E.  G.  Eaton,  Lewis  Dexter,  H.  J.  White,  C.  L.  Frost,  H.  Z.  Besse,  Ira  Emery, 

E.  S.  Stackpole,  Josiah  M.  Remick,  C.  C.  Foster,  W.  H.  Gatchell,  E.  Z. 
Whitman,  W.  P.  Curtis,  and  B.  S.  Fifield.  Tlie  present  membershi})  is  about 
45.     Samuel  C.  Buker  is  deacon,  and  Charles  H.  Maxwell,  clerk. 

Schools.  —  Samuel  Simmons  was  one  of  the  first  to  give  elementarj^  instruc- 
tion, and  he  was  followed  by  well  educated  members  of  the  Fames  family. 
Joseph  Sanborn,  a  rigid  disciplinarian,  taught  that  "order  was  Heaven's  first 
law " ;  Rachel  Davies,  Mary  Ellis,  and  Paulina  Ann  Bryent,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  D.  Bryent,  Sen.,  who  had  acquired  many  accomplishments  at  a 
Portland  school,  also  Reuben  Rand,  of  Lewiston,  were  among  the  educators  in 
the  days  of  Auld  Lang  Syne.  In  1888  the  town  system  was  adopted.  During 
the  spring  and  fall  of  1890  there  were  kept  the  following  schools :  Village 
Grammar,  Village  Primary,  Fisher,  Jordan,  Furbush,  Center,  Maxwell, 
Mountain,  Ricker ;  in  the  winter  of  1890-91  —  Village  Free  High,  Village 
Primary,  Fisher  Free  High,  (H.  J.  Carvill,  teacher,)  Jordan,  Center,  Furbush, 
Ricker,  Mountain,  Maxwell.  An  evening  school,  under  the  charge  of  Prescott 
Keyes,  Jr,  teacher  of  the  Village  High  School,  was  largely  attended.  This 
gave  the  mill  operatives  an  opportunity  for  education,  of  which  they  gladly 
availed  themselves.      The  superintending  school  committee  were  H.  J.  Carvill, 

F.  L.  Sanborn,  J.  C.  Spofford.  The  school  census  of  1890  shows  273  scholars 
in  town  between  the  ages  of  4  and  21  years.  The  attendance  of  each  term  has 
been  as  follows :  Spring  term  185,  with  an  average  of  152.  Fall  term  204,  with 
an  average  of  16L  Winter  term  175,  with  an  average  of  147.  The  above 
attendance  does  not  include  the  Webster  corner  scholars  who  attended  the 
Lisbon  schools. 


Town  of  Wales.  485 


WALES. 

By  John  C.  Fogg,  Esq. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

Organization  —  Surface  and  Soil  —  Settlements  and  Settlers  —  Churches  —  Schools  — 
Water-powers,  Llills,  and  Manufactures  — Civil  List  and  Town  Records  — Action  in  the 
Rebellion. 

ORGANIZATION. —  This  town,  including  Monmouth,  was  known  prior  to 
1792  as  the  plantation  of  Wales.  At  that  date  the  northern  portion  was 
set  off  and  incorporated  as  Monmouth.  In  April,  1803,  the  remainder  was 
incorporated  as  the  plantation  of  Wales,  and  chose  as  its  first  officers,  Joseph 
Small,  Enoch  Stroiit,  and  John  Andrews,  assessors,  and  Joseph  Small,  clerk. 
At  its  first  meeting  $50  were  voted  for  plantation  expenses,  $150  for  schools, 
and  a  like  sum  for  roads.  February  1,  1816,  the  town  of  Wales  was  incor- 
porated, and  at  the  first  meeting  Joseph  Small,  David  Plummer,  and  Arthur 
Given  were  chosen  selectmen  and  assessors,  and  Joseph  Small,  town  clerk.  In 
1851  a  small  portion  of  Leeds  and  Monmouth,  which  includes  the  territory 
around  Leeds  Junction,  was  annexed  to  Wales,  and  prior  to  this  date  a  portion 
of  Litchfield,  consisting  of  one  tier  of  lots,  had  been  annexed  to  Wales  on  the 
east.  The  settlers  acquired  the  title  to  their  lands  from  proprietors  who  held 
under  the  old  Plymouth  Company,  that  owned  a  strip  ten  miles  wide  on  each 
side  of  the  Kennebec. 

Surface  and  Soil.  —  The  surface  is  quite  broken.  There  is  an  elevation  of 
land  in  the  southern  portion,  extending  into  Webster,  814.5  feet  above  the  sea, 
as  determined  by  the  U.  S.  coast  survey,  which  has  a  station  here.  This 
mountain  affords  an  extended  and  fine  view  of  the  surrounding  country. 
With  a  good  glass  Portland  can  be  seen  from  its  summit.  This  elevation  is 
Sabattis  mountain,  the  name  (as  also  that  of  Lake  Sabattis,  west  of  it)  being 
taken  from  a  noted  Indian  chief  (according  to  tradition)  killed  in  battle  by 
Captain  Church  at  the  head  of  this  lake,  and  his  body  buried  near  the  pond. 
Other  authorities  sa}^  his  body  was  thrown  into  the  lake.  This  mountain  has 
a  cave  on  its  eastern  slope  which  never  has  been  fully  explored.  It  was 
formed,  evidently,  by  some  convulsion  of  nature,  which  separated  the  rock, 
leaving  a  cavity  in  places  as  large  as  a  large-sized  room,  but  very  irregular  in 
shape.  Its  discovery  was  made  by  early  settlers  while  in  pursuit  of  a  bear, 
which  took  refuge  in  its  dark  recesses.     Some  fine  specimens  of  red  ochre  are 


486  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


found  here.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this  mountain.  The  soil  of  Wales  is  good, 
well  adapted  to  the  growing  of  corn,  potatoes,  grains,  and  grass. 

SeftJements  and  Settlers.  —  There  is  some  uncertainty  as  to  the  first  settle- 
ment. Some  authorities  place  it  in  1773,  while  others  say  a  few  years  later. 
From  the  best  information  obtainable,  the  writer  is  of  the  opinion  that  James 
Ross  was  the  first  settler,  coming  from  Brunswick  about  1778.  He  settled  on 
the  western  slope  of  Sabattis  mountain,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  This 
farm  was  occupied  by  his  son-in-law,  Isaac  Witherell,  until  his  death,  August 
15,  1890,  at  the  age  of  80  years,  and  is  now  owned  and  occupied  by  Isaac  M. 
Witherell,  only  son  of  Isaac.  Patrick  Kernan  came  next,  in  1779,  and  settled 
in  the  eastern  part.  It  is  not  known  from  where  he  came,  but  his  name 
suggests  Irish  extraction.  Reuben  Ham,  Jonathan  and  Alexander  Thompson 
came  from  Brunswick  about  1780,  and  took  up  places  in  the  north  part;  the 
former  the  farm  where  Isaac  Ham  died,  February  24,  1891 ;  it  is  now  occupied 
by  his  daughter,  Mrs  Beckler.  Benjamin  and  Samuel  Weymouth,  James, 
Stephen,  and  Thomas  Gray,  and  William  Remick  came  between  1780  and 
1785.  Richard  Thompson  moved  from  Brunswick  in  1786,  and  settled  in  the 
north  part  of  the  town,  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Widow  Robert  Sawyer. 
Stephen  and  John  Andrews  came  from  Brunswick  in  March,  1788,  and  located 
near  Richard  Thompson's.  Richard  and  James  Labree  came  in  1789  and 
settled  on  the  farm  south  of  John  Andrews,  subsequently  owned  by  Daniel  M. 
Labree,  son  of  James,  who  died  in  November,  1803.  It  is  now  owned  by 
Daniel  P.  Boynton,  but  it  is  unoccupied.  One  of  D.  M.  Labree's  daughters 
married  Laurel  G.  Thompson  and  resides  on  a  lot  taken  from  the  south  side  of 
the  farm.  John  Andrews  came  prior  to  1789.  His  farm  is  now  owned  by  his 
grandson,  John  C.  Andrews.  John  Ham  and  his  sons,  John,  Samuel,  Clement, 
and  Reuben,  came  from  York  county  about  1790,  and  took  farms  in  the  west 
part,  on  what  was  later  called  the  Pond  road.  John  settled  on  the  farm  after- 
wards owned  by  Joshua  Hanscom,  Benjamin  Vining,  J.  W.  Foss,  A.  F.  Strout, 
Isaac  Gatchell,  and  now  occupied  by  Joseph  Wight,  but  soon  removed  to  the 
farm  now  owned  by  Orestus  A.  Bronson,  near  Leeds  Junction.  Clement 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Hugh  Mottram,  and  soon  removed  to 
Greene.  Reuben  settled  in  the  northwesterly  corner,  and  was  killed  by  a 
falling  tree  in  1808. 

Joseph  Small  and  Bartholomew  Jackson  came  from  Limington  in  1791. 
Mr  Small  settled  on  a  farm  near  the  center  of  the  town,  which  was  subse- 
quently owned  by  liis  son,  Isaac  S.  Small,  now  by  T.  W.  Ham,  a  son-in-law  of 
Isaac  S.  Small.  Mr  Small  had  eight  sons  and  five  daughters,  one  son  and  two 
daughters  now  living.  He  was  prominent  in  plantation  and  town  affairs,  and 
served  as  plantation  clerk  13  years,  town  clerk  19  years  consecutively,  and 
selectman  and  treasurer  several  years.  Isaac  S.,  his  oldest  son,  who  lived  and 
died  on  the  homestead,  held  various  town  offices,  also  the  positions  of  surveyor- 


Town  of  Wales.  487 


general  of  the  state,  inspector  of  the  state  prison,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
executive  council.  He  was  extensively  engaged  in  land  surveying  in  the 
northern  section  of  the  state  for  many  years,  and  was  a  director  of  the  Mon- 
mouth Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company.  Mr  Small  had  a  son  and  a  daughter. 
The  son  died  young.  The  daughter  (Mrs  T.  W.  Ham)  resides  on  the  home- 
stead. Joel,  son  of  Joseph,  settled  on  the  farm  adjoining  that  of  his  father  on 
the  north,  and  for  many  years  was  engaged  in  ship-building  as  master  builder 
for  parties  in  Gardiner,  Pittston,  and  Dresden,  and  largely  for  the  Coopers  of 
Gardiner.  He  represented  Wales  in  1843  and  1844,  and  subsequently  moved 
to  East  Somerville,  Mass.  After  several  years  he  returned  to  Wales,  where  he 
died  in  1886  at  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law,  John  C.  Fogg,  at  the  age  of  91 
years.  His  wife  was  91  years  old  at  her  death,  and  survived  him  four  years. 
Joseph  settled  in  Newport,  where  he  died  several  years  since.  Daniel,  a  Baptist 
minister,  preached  in  Thomaston  and  other  places  in  Maine,  moved  to  Wis- 
consin and  then  to  Kansas,  where  he  died  in  1872.  Otis  was  a  brick  mason, 
contractor  and  builder  for  some  years  in  Bangor,  and  later  removed  to  St  John, 
N.  B.,  where  he  was  engaged  extensively  in  building  and  running  steamboats 
from  the  St  John's.  Alvin  E.  Small  was  the  most  widely  known  of  this 
family.  He  was  born  in  Wales,  March  4,  1811,  became  a  homoMipathic  physi- 
cian, settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  moved  from  thence  to  Chicago,  where 
he  died  some  two  years  ago.  He  deserves  the  credit  of  having  worked  his 
way  unaided  to  the  eminent  position  he  occupied.  He  traveled  extensively  in 
Europe,  wrote  several  medical  works  (some  of  which  have  been  translated 
into  German),  contributed  largely  to  leading  medical  journals,  and  occu[)ied 
for  man}^  years  the  chair  of  theory  and  practice  in  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Chicago.  He  was  the  first  native  of  Wales  who  became  a  phvsician. 
William  is  a  merchant  and  resides  in  Fort  Fairfield.  George  died  you  no-. 
Two  daughters,  Hannah  Given  and  Mary  Moody,  are  yet  living. 

Joseph  Murch  came  from  Gorham,  Me,  in  1792,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near 
Joseph  Small's,  subsequently  owned  by  Joel  Small.  His  house  and  three 
children  were  destroyed  by  fire.  This  is  the  only  house  known  to  have  been 
burned  in  Wales.  John  Larrabee  came  from  Scarborough  about  1792,  and 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Joseph  W.  Sawyer.  He  had  four  sons; 
Stephen  and  John  settled  in  Bath  and  engaged  in  ship-building,  Philip  and 
Daniel  settled  in  Wales  and  were  engaged  for  a  number  of  years  in  cutting 
ship-timber  in  Virginia  and  Marjdand. 

Daniel  and  Ebenezer  Small  came  from  Limington  in  1793,  and  settled  near 
the  center  of  the  town.  Charles  Collins  afterward  settled  on  Eben  Small's 
farm.  Daniel  was  the  father  of  Joseph,  and  his  place  adjoined  his  son's  on  the 
south.  At  the  age  of  19,  while  living  with  his  parents  at  Castine,  he  was  taken 
captive  by  the  Indians,  held  by  them  11  months,  and  sold  as  a  prisoner  to  a 
French  colonel  at  Quebec,  where  he  remained  until  its  capture  by  General 


488  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Wolfe.  David,  Adron,  and  Tsaiali  Jenkins  settled  in  the  northeastern  part  of 
the  town,  on  farms  now  occupied  by  their  descendants.  Isaac  S.  Jenkins  lives 
on  the  farm  of  David,  and  the  family  of  Lawson  W.  Jenkins  on  the  farm  of 
Isaiah.  David  came  from  Monmouth  in  1703.  He  had  13  children,  but  one  of 
whom  now  resides  in  Wales.  Two  of  the  sons,  Samuel  and  Abner,  served  in 
the  War  of  1812.  Isaac  S.  Jenkins  had  one  son,  Hiram,  in  the  Union  army 
during  the  Rebellion.  He  died  in  service,  October  19, 186-1.  James  Clark  and 
James  Wilson  settled  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town  in  1798,  Clark  on 
the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son  llobert  H.  on  the  Pond  road. 

Captain  Enoch  Strout  came  from  Limington  in  1790  or  1797,  and  settled  on 
the  farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  Charles  W.  Strout.  He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  War  of  the  Revolution  and  the  first  militia  captain  chosen  in  town.  His  son 
William  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  subsequently  settled  on  a  farm  near 
the  center  of  the  town,  north  of  Joel  Small's  farm.  This  farm  is  now  owned 
by  Robert  C.  Jones.  The  Joel  Small  farm  is  now  owned  by  A.  M.  Donnell. 
Sewall  C.  Strout,  son  of  Eben  Strout  and  grandson  of  Enoch,  is  a  native  of 
Wales,  who  occupies  a  prominent  position  at  the  Cumberland  bar.  Joshua 
Adams  came  from  Gorham  and  cleared  the  farm  now  owned  by  Luther  D.  Ricker. 
Luther  and  Wentworth  Lombard  moved  from  Gorham  and  settled  in  the 
central  part  of  the  town  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Almond  Lombard. 
Matthew  Higgins  came  fi'om  Gorham  in  1798,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Luther  Lombard  and  Walter  E.  Webster.  Joseph  Foss  came  from 
Scarborough  in  1799,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Joseph  Wight, 
lived  there  several  years,  and  probably  died  there.  Obed  Hobbs,  Simonds 
Gatchell,  Benjaniin  Tibbets,  and  Elijah  Morton  came  about  1797  and  settled  in 
the  central  part  of  the  town. 

William  Given  came  from  Brunswick  in  1798  and  took  up  a  farm  in  the 
western  part,  lived  for  some  years  in  a  log  house,  and  then  built  a  large  two- 
story  house  and  occupied  it  until  his  death,  after  which  it  was  owned  by  his 
son  Philip.  Of  William's  11  children  none  are  living.  One  of  his  sons, 
William,  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  One  of  his  daughters  married 
Captain  John  Lombard,  who  was  a  successful  ship-master  for  many  years,  and 
died  in  Gardiner.  Another  daughter  married  a  sea-captain.  Philip,  who  lived 
on  the  homestead,  had  four  sons  and  one  daughter.  The  sons  have  followed  a 
seafaring  life  to  some  extent.  The  oldest  son.  Freeman  L.,  was  master  of  a 
ship  for  many  years.  The  daughter  now  lives  in  Monmouth.  The  farm  is  now 
owned  by  Orville  S.  Jones.  Arthur  Given,  Sen.,  came  from  Brunswick  in 
1798,  and  opened  the  first  public  house  in  town  on  the  farm  adjoining  his 
brother's  on  the  south.  He  was  appointed  the  first  postmaster,  and  held  the 
office  so  long  as  he  was  competent  to  perform  its  duties.  His  son,  Arthur,  was 
then  appointed  to  the  office  and  held  it  during  his  active  life.  His  daughter 
Elizabeth  was  his  successor  and  held  it  till  her  death,  and  after  an  interval 


Town  of  Wales.  489 


of  two  years  Mrs  Hattie  L.  Given,  the  present  incumbent,  was  appointed. 
The  office  has  been  kept  continuously  in  the  dwelling-house  of  Arthur  Given, 
Sen.,  since  the  mail  route  was  established.  Arthur  Given,  Jr,  had  three  sons 
and  one  daughter.  Lincoln  and  Arthur  are  Free  Baptist  ministers.  Arthur 
is  a  graduate  of  Bates  College.  John  was  station  agent  on  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad  at  Lewiston  for  many  years. 

John  and  James  VVitlierell  came  from  Berwick  in  1800.  James  settled  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  town.  John  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  R.  C. 
Jones.  John  was  a  quartermaster  in  the  Revolution.  He  had  12  children, 
and  his  youngest  son,  Rufus,  is  now  living  (1890)  on  Monmouth  Ridge.  Rufus 
and  Daniel  Marr,  brothers  and  carpenters,  came  from  Scarborough  in  1800. 
Rufus  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  Henry  S.  Marr.  He 
had  three  sons  and  three  daughters.  Henry,  who  succeeded  his  father  on  the 
homestead,  had  two  sons,  Henry  S.  and  Frank  E.,  who  now  occupy  the  place. 
Daniel  Marr  located  on  what  was  known  as  the  John  Whittum  farm,  now 
owned  by  William  T.  Dingley.  Joseph  Maxwell,  came  from  Cape  Elizabeth 
about  1800,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  Daniel  A. 
Maxwell.  Joseph  erected  the  first  grist-mill  in  town,  on  a  small  stream  near 
his  farm-house.     Four  of  his  sons  settled  on  farms  near  the  homestead. 

Benjamin  Fogg  came  from  Scarborough  in  1800  and  settled  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  John  C.  Fogg.  He  had  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  William 
succeeded  his  father  on  the  homestead,  and  C.  M.  was  a  blacksmith,  and  settled 
near  his  father.  William  had  four  sons;  two  died  young  ;  John  C.  occupies  the 
home  farm,  and  George  W.  lives  near.  Ephraim,  brother  of  Benjamin,  came 
later,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  Ira  Alexander  now  resides.  He  had 
foui'  sons  (all  carpentei's)  and  four  daughters.  William  Fogg,  a  cousin  of 
Benjamin,  came  from  Scarborcnigh  in  1800,  settled  on  the  farm  with  Benjamin, 
and  later  moved  to  the  farm  where  Hugh  Mottram  now  lives.  This  farm  was 
successively  owned  by  Alvan  and  B.  S.  Fogg,  sons  of  William.  Alkana  Spear 
came  here  about  this  time,  but  soon  moved  away. 

Captain  Harding  Lombard  came  here  from  Cape  Cod,  Mass.,  about  1795, 
and  settled  in  the  southeast  part  of  the  town  adjoining  the  farm  now  owned 
by  J.  W.  Sawyer,  on  the  south.  Captain  Lombard  had  three  sons  and  two 
daughters.  The  sons  followed  the  sea  for  many  years.  John,  the  oldest,  was 
a  very  successful  ship-master,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Alden 
Moulton.  Luther,  the  second  son,  was  also  a  successful  ship-master,  and 
settled  in  Webster.  Harding,  the  youngest,  followed  the  sea  as  mate  for  many 
years.  He  never  married.  John  had  four  sons  and  four  daughters.  His 
oldest  son,  John  E.,  is  a  ship-master.  Hugh  Gatchell  came  about  this  time  and 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  James  Mann.  He  had  two 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Smith  Ricker  came  about  1800  and  settled  on  the 
farm  now  occupied  by  his  son-in-law,  Joseph  G.  Bragg.      He  had  three  sons 


490  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  three  daughters,  all  now  dead  except  one  daughter.  Shadrach  Dixon 
came  about  this  time  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson, 
Nelson  G.  Dixon.  Ernest  S.  Dixon  is  a  great-grandson.  James  Maxwell 
came  about  the  same  time,  settled  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Jesse  Austin. 
He  had  a  family  of  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Abraham  Jewell,  about  1803,  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son. 
Nelson  S.  George  Foss,  of  Scarborough,  in  1804  settled  on  the  place  now 
owned  by  J.  W.  Kicker.  After  a  few  years  he  sold  to  Major  Josiah  Libby, 
who  opened  a  public  house,  which  he  maintained  for  many  years.  This  was 
one  of  the  stopping  places  on  the  stage  route  from  Portland  to  Augusta  by 
way  of  the  South  West  Bend  in  Durham.  This  farm  was  subsequently  owned 
by  F.  C.  Marr,  Joel  Small,  Harrison  Ham,  Joseph  C.  Wright,  Andrew  J. 
Given,  and  now  by  J.  W.  Kicker.  This  house  was  extensively  known  as  the 
Major  Libby  Tavern.  Nathaniel  Chace  came  from  Brunswick  about  1805  and 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Hugh  Mottram.  Anthony  Woodside  came 
from  the  same  town  about  1806,  and  settled  on  the  farm  north  of  the  Chase 
farm,  where  his  grandson,  George  Woodside,  now  resides.  He  had  five  sons 
and  one  daughter;  one  son,  B,  F.  Woodside,  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin 
College  in  1840,  studied  law  and  [)racticed  in  Boston  until  his  death  in  1890. 
Anthony,  Jr,  also  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1840,  and  studied 
medicine,  but  died  early.  Calvin  lived  on  the  farm  of  his  father.  He  had 
five  sons  and  three  daughters.  One  of  the  sons,  Albert,  is  now  a  physician 
in  St  George.  Edwin  is  a  merchant  at  Sabattus,  and  Elbridge  is  in  business 
in  Lewiston.  William  Swett  came  from  Brunswick  about  1806  and  settled  on 
the  farm  now  owned  by  Almond  Lombard.  One  of  his  sons,  Ebenezer,  lived 
for  some  years  on  the  homestead,  and  followed  butchering  in  connection  with 
farming.  He  afterwards  moved  to  Brunswick,  where  he  devoted  his  time  to 
butchering  and  retailing  meats,  in  which  he  was  quite  noted.  James  Swett, 
brother  of  William,  came  at  the  same  time  and  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  K.  C.  Jones. 

Josiah  Ijibby  came  from  Scarborough  about  1807  and  settled  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  J.  W.  Kicker.  He  kept  a  public  house  for  many  years,  was  a 
major  in  the  militia  and  a  town  officer  for  many  years.  He  returned  to  Scar- 
borough after  he  ceased  to  do  business,  and  died  there.  David  Plumer  came 
from  Gorham  in  1808  and  settled  on  the  farm  adjoining  that  of  Benjamin  Fogg 
on  the  south.  This  farm  is  now  divided  and  owned  by  Luther  Lombard  and 
Walter  E.  Webster.  Mr  Plumer  was  a  tanner  and  shoemaker  as  well  as  a 
farmer,  trades  that  in  those  early  days  were  pursued  by  the  same  person  to  a 
great  extent.  He  was  one  of  the  first  justices  of  the  peace,  if  not  the  first 
one,  in  town.  He  was  also  one  of  the  earliest  municipal  officers  of  the  town. 
He  had  a  large  family,  but  his  children  are  dead  and  none  of  his  descendants 
are  residents  of  Wales.     Joshua  Hanscom  came  from  Scarborough  about  1810 


Town  of  Wales.  491 


and  settled  first  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Joseph  Wight,  then  removed  to 
the  farm  where  John  W.  Strout  now  resides,  and  died  there.  He  had  five  sons 
and  two  daughters.  James  Taylor  came  from  Lewiston  about  1810  and  settled 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Hiram  F.  Frost.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of 
1812.  His  father,  Thomas,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  Enoch  N.Taylor, 
son  of  James,  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town,  where  his  widow  and 
one  daughter  now  reside.  Two  of  his  sons,  Edwin  and  Samuel  W.,  served  in 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  Samuel  Libby  came  from  Scarborough  about  1810, 
and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  Llewellyn  S.  Libby. 
Mr  Libby  had  a  family  of  seven  children,  three  sons  and  four  daughters.  Seth 
Libby  had  one  son,  Llewellyn  S.,  in  the  Union  arm}'  during  the  Rebellion. 
David  Dunning  came  from  Brunswick  in  1810  and  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Fred  C.  Collins.  John  Hamilton  came  about  that  time  and  settled 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Davis  Maxwell.  He  carried  on  (juite  an  extensive 
business  tanning  and  shoemaking.  He  had  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 
John  and  Hiram  were  captains  in  the  militia.  Hiram  was  commander  of  a 
company  in  the  Aroostook  War.  Moses  Sanborn  moved  into  town  about  this 
time,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Robert  Carlton,  aiul  died  there. 

In  1815  James  Hodsdon  came  from  South  Berwick  and  settled  on  the  farm 
now  owned  b}'^  his  son,  Oliver,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Sabattis  mountain.  He 
was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  He  had  four  sons  and  six  daughters.  His 
son  Benjamin,  who  resided  on  the  hoiuestead,  had  two  sons  who  were  soldiers 
in  the  Rebellion.  Both  were  wounded,  and  one  died  in  service.  Another 
lives  and  draws  a  pension.  LIugh  Owen  moved  into  town  (the  date  not 
known)  and  settled  on  a  lot  south  of  Hiram  Foss's  farm.  He  had  four  sons 
and  three  daughters.  His  son  Thomas  settled  in  Leeds.  David  settled  in 
Wales  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Charles  Webster.  James  lived  many  years 
in  Waterville  and  engaged  in  milling  to  some  extent.  William  settled  in 
Bath.  David  had  two  sons,  one  of  whom,  Cyrus  L.,  first  learned  the  black- 
smith trade,  then  went  to  manufacturing  moccasins.  The  other,  Josiah, 
commenced  work  for  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  at  the  time  it  was  built,  and 
is  in  the  employ  of  the  company  now.  He  has  been  conductor  on  the  Dexter 
branch  since  its  completion,  a  continuous  service  of  some  40  years. 

Simon  Libby  came  from  Scarborough  about  1824,  and  settled  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  Joshua  Brackett,  near  Leeds  Junction,  then  moved  to  the  place 
now  occupied  by  his  son,  Furber  Libby.  He  had  four  sons  and  three  daughters, 
and  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  James  McFarland  came  about  this  time 
and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  David  S.  Sanborn.  He 
was  a  blacksmith.  His  son  James,  Jr,  settled  on  a  lot  taken  from  the  north 
side  of  his  father's  farm.  He  had  one  son  in  the  Union  army.  His  son  David 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Joshua  Brackett  and  died  there.  Ichabod 
Haws  came  into  town  at  an  early  date.      He  also  was  a  blacksmith,  and  lived 


492  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Charles  G.  Fish.  He  had  five  children.  The 
two  sons  were  blacksmiths.  Jonathan  Fogg  about  1810  settled  on  the  northern 
slope  of  Sabattis  mountain  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  B.  F.  Roberts. 

Hiram  Foss  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by^  William  T.  Dingley.'i  He 
had  five  sons  and  four  daughters.  He  moved  to  Auburn,  where  he  died. 
Joseph  Foss  settled  on  the  farm  adjoining  that  of  Hiram  on  the  north.  He 
had  four  sons  and  three  daughters.  He  was  elected  representative  for  one 
year,  and  was  also  colonel  in  the  militia.  He  was  a  carpenter  as  well  as  a 
farmer.  This  farm  is  now  owned  by  S.  B.  Greenwood.  Daniel  Foss,  a  brother 
of  the  two  preceding,  first  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  F.  A.  McKenney. 
He  lived  on  several  other  places  iu  town  and  finally  moved  to  Lewiston.  He 
had  four  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Phineas  Thompson  moved  into  town  early  and  settled  on  a  farm  on  Thomp- 
son's hill.  He  had  one  son  and  one  daughter.  The  son,  Laurel  G.,  now  lives 
on  a  part  of  the  D.  M.  Labree  farm.  His  father's  farm  is  now  occupied  by 
G.  W.  Fogg.  Nathaniel  Jewell  also  moved  into  town  at  an  early  date  and 
settled  on  Thompson's  hill  adjoining  the  farm  of  P.  Thompson.  He  was  a 
captain  in  the  War  of  1812,  also  a  captain  in  the  militia  later.  He  was  a  brick 
mason.  He  had  three  sons  and  four  daughters.  He  had  one  son,  Elias,  in  the 
expedition  to  Aroostook  in  1839.  Robert  Given,  son  of  Arthur  Given,  settled 
first  on  Thompson's  hill,  then  removed  to  Newj)ort  or  Corinna.  This  farm 
passed  through  many  hands,  and  is  now  owned  by  Robert  F.  Wheeler,  who 
came  from  Leeds. 

Church  Historij.  —  The  earliest  church  organization  was  the  Baptists,  dated 
December  25,  1800.  The  first  mention  of  a  deacon  is  in  May,  1801,  when 
Deacon  Spofford  was  put  down  from  serving  as  deacon  and  Brother  David 
Jenkins  was  established  deacon,  and  Brother  James  Labree  was  elected  deacon 
on  trial.  July  24,  1802,  met  for  conference  and  then  agreed  to  have  a  church 
meeting.  Chose  Brother  Labree  moderator.  Voted  a  brother  under  suspen- 
sion for  breaking  covenant  in  persisting  in  going  to  hear  the  Methodists.  The 
first  election  of  a  clerk  upon  the  records  is  in  September,  1805,  when  Joseph 
Murch  was  chosen,  but,  judging  from  the  penmanship,  there  were  many 
changes  in  the  office.  The  whole  number  of  members  September,  1809,  was 
42.  The  first  ordained  pastor  was  Elder  James  Pierce,  received  October  14, 
1810.  May  6,  1833,  Elder  James  Pierce  was  excluded  from  the  church  for 
refusing  to  give  satisfaction  for  charges  brought  against  him  without  proof. 
In  August  of  the  same  year  Elder  Daniel  Pierce  was  admitted  into  the  church, 
and  the  two  ministers  furnished  preaching  until  about  1839.  In  July,  1839, 
Elder  Smith  Hinkley  was  received  as  pastor,  which  position  he  held  until  1842. 
In  1843  Elder  William  Smith  was  received  as  pastor,  which  position  he  held 
until  1850,  when  Elder  Thomas  Goldthwait  was  installed.  The  last  entry  in 
the  first  Baptist  church  records  is  dated  June  21,  1856. 


Town  of  Wales.  493 


The  Second  Baptist  Chu7'eh  was  organized  August  13,  1856,  and  consisted 
of  16  members.  Isaac  S.  Jenkins  and  Aaron  Winslow  were  elected  deacons, 
and  Joel  Small,  clerk.  Meetings  were  maintained  until  1859,  when  the  church 
disbanded. 

Free  Bajytists.  —  The  "Church  of  Christ  in  Wales,  called  the  United 
Brethren  or  Free-Will  Baptists,"  was  constituted  April  14,  1826,  by  Elder 
Abiezer  Bridges,  with  13  members:  Enoch  Strout,  William  Given,  Joseph 
Small,  David  Dunning,  Phillip  Given,  William  Dunning,  James  Owen,  Samuel 
Small,  Marcia  Strout,  Martha  Given,  Louisa  Given,  Freeman  Lombard,  and 
Ebenezer  Dunning.  June  7,  1826,  Enoch  Strout  and  Joseph  Small  were 
chosen  deacons;  Samuel  Small,  treasurer;  and  Joseph  Small,  clerk  (who  held 
office  until  his  death  in  1836,  when  Gilbert  Strout  was  chosen).  Elder  Silas 
Curtis  was  the  first  pastor  mentioned  in  the  records.  Elder  Allen  Files  was 
chosen  pastor  "so  long  as  he  shall  continue  to  reside  with  us,"  and  remained 
until  after  1861.  June  2,  1832,  Joseph  Maxwell  was  chosen  deacon,  on  the 
death  of  Enoch  Strout.  January  7,  1835,  the  quarterly  meeting  of  the 
association  was  held  with  this  church.  In  1852  Lincoln  Given  was  clerk. 
In  1856  John  Given  was  clerk,  and  William  Ham  was  chosen  deacon. 
November  2,  1861,  Rev.  S.  W.  Royal,  of  New  Gloucester,  was  received  into  the 
church.     This  is  the  last  entry  upon  the  records. 

Church  Buihlim/s.  —  The  first  church  was  erected  in  1827  by  the  Freewill 
Baptists  near  the  center  of  the  town  on  land  taken  from  the  farm  owned  by 
Joel  Small.  This  house  was  torn  down,  and  rebuilt  in  1856  (on  land  taken 
from  the  farm  of  Charles  W.  Strout  on  the  Pond  road,)  by  the  Baptists, 
Freewill  Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Universalists,  as  a  union  church,  and 
was  occupied  by  each  society  their  relative  portion  of  the  time  until  1870, 
since  which  time  preaching  has  been  secured  by  general  subscription.  The 
Baptists  built  a  church  which  cost  -1)1,000  in  1838,  upon  land  bought  from  the 
Joseph  Gray  farm  in  the  easterly  part  of  the  town.  This  was  unoccupied  for 
several  years,  and  was  sold  and  taken  down  in  1886. 

The  First  School  in  town  was  taught  by  Captain  Joseph  Small  in  a  dwelling- 
house  on  the  Pond  road.  He  was  followed  by  Mr  Hill,  Arthur  Given,  Mr 
Page,  Daniel  Evans,  Fayette  Mace,  Richard  Elder,  Joel  Small,  and  Enoch 
Strout.  There  are  now  eight  school-houses  in  town.  The  district  system  was 
abolished  in  1889,  and  the  town  system  substituted.  There  were  150  scholars 
in  town  in  April,  1891. 

Water-powers,  Mills,  and  Manufactures. —  During  the  first  twelve  or  fifteen 
years  of  settlement,  the  settlers  were  obliged  to  carry  their  bags  of  corn  and 
grain  on  their  shoulders  twenty  miles  to  the  nearest  mill.  There  were  no  roads 
at  that  date  and  the  settlers  were  compelled  to  travel  in  paths  through  the 
forest  marked  by  spotted  trees,  to  the  older  and  more  advanced  settlements. 
Their  only  meats  were  such  as  could  be  procured  by  the  trap,  shot-gun,  and 


494  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


rifle,  and  were  bear,  moose,  deer,  and  smaller  game,  which  was  plenty  in  those 
days.  The  only  grist-mill  ever  erected  in  town  was  built  by  Joseph  Maxwell 
on  a  small  stream  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town,  near  his  dwelling.  The 
first  saw-mill  was  built  by  Daniel  M.  Labree  on  a  small  stream  on  his  home 
farm,  where  he  could  saw  boards,  shingles,  etc.,  for  a  few  weeks  each  in  the 
spring  and  fall.  The  next  was  built  by  Benjamin  Vining  on  a  small  stream  on 
his  farm.  Another  one  was  built  by  B.  C.  Jenkins  on  his  farm  in  the  north- 
eastern part  of  the  town,  which  is  still  in  use.  The  others  have  long  ago 
ceased  to  exist.  George  T.  Howe  has  a  yard  near  Leeds  Junction,  where  he 
manufactures  some  800,000  of  first  quality  of  brick  annually. 

The  Sabattus  Mountain  Creamery  was  incorporated  in  the  spring  of  1883, 
with  an  authorized  capital  of  |2,000,  $1,425  of  which  has  been  paid  in. 
Buildings  were  erected,  and  the  operations  of  collecting  cream  and  making 
butter  were  commenced  June  25,  1883,  and  it  is  said  that  the  first  pound  of 
butter  ever  manufactured  by  a  co-operative  creamery  in  Maine  was  made  here. 
With  tlie  exception  of  two  months  in  the  fall  of  1885,  the  factory  has  been  in 
successful  operation  ever  since.  From  two  to  four  men  and  horses  are 
emidoyed,  according  to  the  season,  ami  from  -|<1 0,000  to  |>21,000  of  business  has 
been  done  each  year.  The  officers  aie:  President,  D.  D.  Golden;  secretary, 
E.  A.  Ham;  treasurer  and  agent,  J.  W.  Sawyer;  directors,  D.  D.  Golden, 
E.  A.  Ham,  J.  W.  Sawyer,  E.  S.  Dixon,  and  J.  L.  Stewart.  This  factory  is  on 
tlie  Pond  road,  west  of  Sabattus  mountain,  and  65,000  pounds  is  manufactured 
yearly,  the  cream  coming  from  patrons  in  Wales,  Monmouth,  and  Webster. 
The  average  price  obtained  by  patrons  is  17  cents  a  pound. 

Ernest  S.  Dixon.,  son  of  Washington  S.  and  Nettie  (Jenkins)  Dixon,  both 
natives  of  Wales,  was  born  in  that  town,  August  3,  1863,  and  is  descended  on 
both  sides  of  the  family  from  Shadrach  Dixon,  one  of  the  early  settlers, 
through  his  son  Elbridge  and  his  son  Washington.  On  the  maternal  side  he 
descends  from  Philip  Jenkins,  througli  his  son  Benjamin,  and  Mrs  Nettie 
(Jenkins)  Dixon.  Mr  Dixon  is  a  member  of  Venus  Commandery,  U.  O. 
G.  C,  a  Democrat  in  politics,  has  been  town  clerk  for  four  years,  and  in  1888 
was  honored  by  his  party  with  the  nomination  for  representative  to  the 
legislature.  His  business  is  butter-making,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  board 
of  directors  of  the  Sabattus  Mountain  Creamery  Company. 

Davis  Maxivell  was  born  in  Webster,  in  1836,  and  is  the  son  of  William 
and  Mary  (Davis)  Maxwell.  His  grandfather  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
the  town,  coming  from  Cape  Elizabeth,  in  Cumberland  county.  Mr  Maxwell 
is  an  energetic  and  successful  farmer,  politically  a  Democrat,  and  is  a  Free 
Baptist  in  religious  preferences.  He  is  also  a  member  of  Wales  Grange, 
P.  of  H.     [See  Webster.] 

David  S.  Sanhorn  was  born  at  Ossipee,  N.  H.,  August  18,  1821.  He 
acquired  his  education  at  the  schools  of  Webster  and  Lewiston  Falls  Academy, 


Town  of  Wales.  495 


and  taught  school  witli  success  in  Webster,  Lisbon,  Lewiston,  and  Litchfield 
for  15  winters.  In  1849  he  married  Azelia  (daughter  of  Jonathan  Davis).  He 
was  engaged  in  farming  at  Webster  until  18t)4,  when  he  moved  to  Wales, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  March,  1891.  He  was  a  prominent  and 
successful  farmer,  respected  for  his  integrity  and  industry.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  superintending  school  committee  for  six  years,  and  collector  and 
constable  for  five  years.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1874. 
He  was  a  Whig  until  the  Republican  party  was  organized,  and  afterwards  a 
strong  Republican.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Republican  town  committee  15 
years,  and  chairman  for  seven  years.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Wales 
Grange,  No.  40,  and  a  member  of  the  Patrons  Mutual  Aid  Society  of  Maine. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Baj)tist  church  and  was  a  strong  temperance  man. 
A.  J.  Sanborn  and  Frank  L.  Sanborn,  of  Webster,  are  his  sons. 

Rebellion  Record. — JVatnes  of  Soldiers,  Volunteers  and  Conscrijyts. — 1861 : 
Samuel  W.  Taylor,  Hiram  S.  Jenkins,  Edward  P.  Mitchell,  Albert  P.  Given, 
Charles  Higgins,  Veranus  Aino,  Albert  P.  Hodsdon,  John  S.  Brawn,  Allen  F. 
Plumer,  Elisha  K.  Mann,  John  K.  Hamilton,  Henry  Collins,  Richard  Scliuly, 
Loren  Higgins,  Asa  Cummings.  1862,  on  call  of  June:  Wm  S.  Small,  Henry 
A.  Ham,  Geo.  W.  Hodgman,  Rev.  Samuel  N.  Royal.  1862,  on  call  of  July: 
Lloyd  Howard,  Phillip  Tarr,  Albert  S.  Additon,  Charles  McFarland,  Moses 
Fogg,  S.  W.  PuUen,  Jarvis  T.  Reals,  Geo.  B.  Day,  Thomas  T.  Jenkins,  John 
Caton,  Llewellyn  O.  Foster,  Michael  Smith,  Francis  Hall,  Albert  Hodsdon, 
Rev.  Arthur  Given,  Jr.  1863,  conscripted  June:  Leonard  Hodgman,  Alonzo 
Tayloi',  Rufus  W.  Sanborn,  (lieo.  W.  Jenkins,  Edward  M.  Jewell,  Rinaldo  A. 
Labree,  Llewellyn  S.  Ivibby.  The  first  four  paid  commutation.  1863,  on  call 
of  October:  Luther  M.  Pollard,  Edward  T.  S[)rague,  Daniel  B.  Bean,  Robert 
E.  (lammon,  David  Mitchell,  Hiram  Jewell,  Llewellyn  O.  Foster  (re-enlisted), 
John  H.  Hanscom.  1864,  on  call  of  July:  John  K.  Hamilton  (re-enlisted), 
Elisha  K.  Mann  (re-eidisted),  Charles  M.  Labree,  David  Plumer,  Jesse  B. 
Austin,  Geo.  T.  Erving,  Josei)h  Griffin,  James  McGee  (navy),  Thomas  H. 
Long.  On  call  of  December,  1864:  Michael  Burgen,  Wm  Houghton,  Hewe 
McGuire,  Peter  Clark,  Michael  Coughlin,  Wm  Kelley,  Wm  Devin,  Alexander 
Coulter  (the  above  were  in  the  Marine  Corps),  Harding  L.  Watts  by  substi- 
tute John  Fox,  Albion  K.  P.  Dixon,  John  McFarland,  Cyrus  Burk,  Charles 
Hodsdon.  July  13,  1865,  under  a  call  of  the  provost-marshal  the  selectmen 
returned  !|10,040  as  the  total  sum  of  all  bounties  paid  by  the  town  to  soldiers 
during  the  Rebellion.  October  18,  1865,  on  a  requisition  of  the  provost- 
marshal  of  this  date  for  the  average  cost  per  man  in  Wales  for  volunteers 
furnished  under  each  call  for  troops  since  March  1,  1863,  the  following  return 
was  made:  8  men,  October,  1863,  the  average  was  -1311.875;  5  men,  July, 
1864,  average  |412;  9  men,  December,  1864,  average  -1365.  The  general 
average  was  $356.36. 


496  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Civil  List  and  Action  of  Town.— The  first  meeting  of  the  plantation  of  Wales  for  the  choice  of 
officers  and  other  business  was  held  May  (>,  1803.  John  Witherell  was  chosen  moderator;  Joseph 
Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Enoch  Strout,  John  Andrews,  assessors;  John  Larrabee,  collector;  Arthur 
Given,  treasurer.  Voted  $50  for  plantation  expenses;  .f  150  for  schools;  .'PI.'jO  for  roads.  1804,  April  2, 
was  given  tlie  first  vote  for  governor;  James  Sullivan,  P^sq.,  had  11  votes;  Lieutenant-Governor 
William  Keith  had  0  votes.  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Enoch  Strout,  John  Andrews, 
assessors.  1805  — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  David  Plumer,  John  Andrews,  assessors. 
180()  — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  David  Plumer,  John  Andrews,  Joseph  Small,  assessors.  1807  — Joseph 
Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  John  Andrews,  David  Plumer,  assessors;  Josiah  Libby,  Daniel  Marr, 
Jo.seph  Small,  John  Larrabee,  first  school  committee.  1808— Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small, 
John  Larrabee,  Arthur  Given,  assessors.  1809  —  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Arthur  Given, 
John  Larrabee,  assessors.  1810— Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Arthur  Given,  John  Larrabee, 
assessors.  1811 — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Josiah  Libby,  Elias  Kicker,  Aaron  Plumer,  assessors.  1812  — 
Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Josiah  Libby,  Elias  Ricker,  assessors.  181.3  —  Joseph  Small, clerk; 
Joseph  Small,  Elias  Ricker,  Josiah  Libby,  assessors.  1814  —  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small, 
Josiah  Libby,  Elias  Ricker,  assessors.  Voters  were  required  at  this  time  to  be  21  years  old,  and  to 
have  a  free-hold  estate  in  the  commonwealth  of  the  annual  income  of  £3,  or  any  estate  of  the 
value  of  £60.  1815  —  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  David  Plumer,  Elias  Ricker,  Samuel  Libby,  assessors. 
Bills  allowed  this  year:  Joseph  Small,  for  supplies  for  militia  in  service,  $9;  Elias  Ricker,  for  same, 
$10;  Arthur  Given,  for  same,  $12;  Joshua  Hanscom,  $9;  total,  $40,  of  which  $10.50  was  paid  by  the 
government. 

1816,  January  31,  an  act  incorporating  the  town  of  Wales  was  passed  by  the  legislature  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  approved  February  1,  1816,  by  Caleb  Strong,  the  governor.  The  first  town  meeting  was 
held  March  12,  1816.  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  David  Plumer,  Arthur  Given,  selectmen; 
Samuel  Libby,  treasurer;  Dr  Abial  Daley,  David  Plumer,  John  Hamilton,  Smith  Ricker,  school 
agents;  Dr  Abial  Daley,  Joseph  Small,  David  Plumer,  inspecting  committee.  May  20,  1816,  voted  26 
to  5  in  favor  of  the  formation  of  the  state  of  Maine.  The  whole  number  of  voters  at  this  date  was  58. 
1817  —  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  David  Plumer,  Arthur  Given,  selectmen.  A  meeting  was 
called  for  September  29,  to  meet  at  Widow  Swett's  barn,  to  give  in  their  votes  for  representative  to 
congress.  The  annual  meeting  was  called  to  meet  at  Widow  Swett's  barn.  Met  and  chose  Arthur 
Given  moderator,  and  voted  that  the  meeting  be  adjourned  to  the  dwelling-house  of  Widow  Swett,  on 
account  of  the  inclemency  of  the  weather.  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Hiram  Foss,  John  Larrabee,  Samuel 
Libby,  selectmen.  1819— Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Hiram  Foss,  Elias  Ricker,  selectmen. 
At  a  meeting  held  July  26,  called  for  the  purpose  of  giving  in  their  votes  on  the  question,  "Is  it 
expedient  that  the  district  of  Maine  shall  become  a  separate  and  independent  state?  "  There  were  46 
votes,  39  in  favor  of  the  separation  and  7  against  it.  At  a  meeting  held  September  20,  1819,  Joseph 
Small  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  a  convention  to  be  held  in  Portland  to  frame  a  constitution  for  said 
District,  and  at  a  meeting  held  December  6,  1819,  to  see  if  the  town  was  in  favor  of  a  constitution  as 
reported  from  said  convention,  it  was  unanimously  approved  by  the  town,  and  Maine  was  admitted 
into  the  Union  March  3, 1820.  1820  — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Isaac  S.  Small,  Elias  Ricker, 
selectmen.  1821  —  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Abraham  Jewell,  John  Ross,  selectmen. 
1822 — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Arthur  N.  Given,  John  Andrews,  Jr,  selectmen.  Joseph 
Small  was  chosen  first  representative  to  the  legislature. 

1823  — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joseph  Small,  Arthur  N.  Given,  John  Andrews,  selectmen.  1824  — 
Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Hiram  Foss,  John  Andrews,  Jr,  Joel  Small,  selectmen.  1825  — Joseph  Small, 
clerk;  Hiram  Foss,  Joel  Small,  John  Andrews,  Jr,  selectmen.  1826— Joseph  Small,  clerk;  John 
Andrews,  Esq.,  Joel  Small,  Gilbert  Strout,  selectmen.  1827— Joseph  Small,  clerk;  John  Andrews, 
Hiram  Foss,  Bela  Pierce,  selectmen.  1828  — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  John  Andrews,  Esq.,  Hiram  Foss, 
Joel  Small,  selectmen.  1829  —  Chose  Ephraim  Fogg  moderator.  He  has  served  continuously  since 
1820.  Joseph  Small,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Josiah  Libby,  Ebenezer  Swett,  selectmen.  1830— Joseph 
Small,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Josiah  Libby,  Ebenezer  Swett,  selectmen.  18,31  — Joseph  Small,  clerk; 
Jolin  Andrews,  Jr,  Hiram  Foss,  Bela  Pierce,  selectmen.  Voted  that  "  all  kneat  cattle  be  restrained 
from  going  at  large  in  the  Road  in  the  futur."  1832  —Joseph  Small,  clerk;  John  Andrews,  Jr,  David 
Plumer,  Bela  Pierce,  selectmen.  1833  — Joseph  Small,  clerk;  David  Plumer,  Bela  Pierce,  Daniel 
Larrabee,  selectmen.  1834  — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Joseph  Foss,  Samuel  Gatchell, 
selectmen.  Voted  that  the  thanks  of  the  town  be  tendered  to  Deacon  Joseph  Small  for  his  long  and 
able  services  as  town  clerk  (31  years).  1835  — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Samuel  Gatchell, 
Hiram  Foss,  selectmen.  18.36  — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Ebenezer  Swett,  Hiram  Foss, 
selectmen.    1837  — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Ebenezer  Swett,  Ezra  K.  Ricker,  selectmen. 


Town  of  Wales.  497 


1838  — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Hiram  Foss,  E.  K.  Ricker,  selectmen.  December  15, 
voted  to  petition  to  be  set  off  from  the  county  of  Lincoln  and  annexed  to  the  county  of  Kennebec. 
18;!!)— John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Ezra  K.  Ricker,  Josiah  Libby,  selectmen.  Voted  that 
the  surplus  revenue  be  distributed  per  capita  on  the  25th  day  of  March.  Adjourned  to  April  8,  18:5;t, 
when  the  following  account  was  allowed,  viz.:  "  To  Joel  Small,  Dr,  for  cash  paid  for  supplies  and 
expences  incurred  in  attendance  on  the  soldiers  detached  from  this  town  from  Augusta  to  (and  while 
at)  Bangor,  amounting  to  :}f()0.74:."  Also  bills  of  I.  S.  Small,  E.  K.  Kicker,  Hiram  Foss,  and  Samuel 
Potter  and  others,  for  same,  .S!145.02,  amounting  in  all  to  .'S;205.70.  1840  — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk; 
Joel  Small,  Josiah  Libby,  J.  W.  Gatchell,  selectmen.  1841 — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small, 
William  Fogg,  Daniel  Larrabee,  selectmen.  1842  — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  I.  S.  Small,  William 
Fogg,  Joseph  Maxwell,  Jr,  selectmen.  1843  —  John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Isaac  S.  Small,  Hiram  Foss, 
Joseph  Maxwell,  .selectmen.  1844 — John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Hiram  Fo.ss,  Joseph 
Maxwell,  Jr,  .selectmen.  1845  —  John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Amaziah  Mitchell,  Joel  Ham, 
selectmen.  184(j  —  John  Andrews,  Jr,  clerk;  Phillip  Larrabee,  John  W.  Foss,  Henry  Marr, selectmen. 
1847 — John  W.  Gatchell,  clerk;  Joel  Ham,  Henry  Marr,  Arthur  Given,  selectmen. 

1848  —  William  Small,  clerk;  Joel  Ham,  Arthur  Given,  Amaziah  Mitchell,  selectmen.  1849  — 
William  Small,  clerk;  Isaac  S.  Small,  Hiram  Foss,  John  W.  Gatchell,  selectmen.  1850  —  William 
Small,  clerk;  I.  S.  Small,  Hiram  Fo.ss,  Benjamin  C.  Jenkins,  selectmen.  1851  —  William  Small,  clerk, 
until  September  G,  when  Joel  Small  took  office;  Joel  Ham,  Bela  Pierce,  Arthur  Given,  selectmen. 
1852  — Joel  Small,  clerk;  Bela  Pierce,  John  Lombard,  Samuel  Gatchell,  selectmen.  1853  —  Joel 
Small,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Joel  Ham,  Bela  Pierce,  selectmen.  February  25,  1854,  the  town  voted  upon 
the  formation  of  the  county  of  Androscoggin;  in  favor,  11;  opposed,  44.  1854  —  T.  W.  Ham,  clerk;  I. 
S.  Small,  Phillip  Larrabee,  Cornelius  Libby,  selectmen.  1855  —  T.  W.  Ham,  clerk;  I.  S.  Small,  Joseph 
Maxwell,  Jr,  John  W.  Foss,  selectmen.  March  31,  voted  to  build  a  town  house,  with  instructions  to 
have  it  completed  by  August,  1856.  1856 — Harding  L.  Watts,  clerk;  Jo.seph  Maxwell,  Jr,  Hiram 
Foss,  Joel  Ham,  selectmen.  1857  —  Harding  L.  Watts,  clerk;  Joseph  Maxwell,  Jr,  Joel  Ham, 
Cornelius  Libby,  selectmen.  1858  —  Harding  L.  Watts,  clerk;  Joel  Ham,  Cyrus  M.  Fogg,  Henry 
Carville,  .selectmen.  18.59  —  Harding  L.  Watts,  clerk;  Cyrus  M.  Fogg,  Joseph  G.  Bragg,  H.  L.  Watts, 
selectmen.  1860  —  Harding  L.  Watts,  clerk;  Joseph  G.  Bragg,  Harding  L.  Watts,  John  C.  Fogg, 
selectmen. 

1861  — H.  L.  Watts,  clerk;  H.  L.  Watts,  John  C.  Fogg,  Otis  W.  Fabyan.  selectmen.  1862— H.  L. 
Watts,  clerk;  Joel  Ham,  Alvan  F.  Foss,  Otis  W.  Fahyan,  selectmen.  July  23,  1862,  voted  to  raise 
.■fflOO,  to  be  paid  to  each  soldier  who  would  enlist  to  fill  this  town's  quota.  Chose  John  C.  Fogg, 
Joseph  G.  Bragg,  and  Joel  Ham  to  serve  as  a  committee  to  procure  enlistments.  1863  —  H.  L.  Watts, 
clerk;  Otis  W.  Fabyan,  Joseph  G.  Bragg,  George  W.  Jenkins,  selectmen.  June  15,  18(53,  voted  to 
raise  #100,  to  be  paid  to  each  man  drafted  and  accepted,  agreeable  to  the  conscript  act,  or  who 
procures  a  substitute  to  serve,  and  December  1  it  was  voted  that  the  town  raise  $270,  to  be  paid  to 
each  man  who  will  volunteer  to  fill  this  town's  quota,  or  to  drafted  men.  December  30  it  was  voted 
to  raise  $438.16,  in  addition  to  amount  previously  voted,  to  be  paid  to  enlisted  men,  and  that  the 
treasurer  be  authorized  and  instructed  to  hire  the  above  sum  of  money  and  give  treasurer's  notes  for 
the  same.  1864 — H.  L.  Watts,  clerk;  John  C.  Fogg,  clerk  pro  teiii.;  Joel  Small,  Thomas  W.  Ham, 
Cyrus  M.  Fogg,  selectmen.  August  13  voted  to  raise  3?25,  to  be  paid  each  man  who  will  enlist  under 
the  call  of  July  18,  1864.  September  15  voted  that  the  town  raise  .$L935  to  pay  subscribers  to  the 
soldiers'  fund,  raised  to  procure  quota  under  the  last  call.  December  17  voted  that  the  town  procure 
ten  men  to  balance  future  calls  for  conscripts,  and  that  the  town  raise  .#4,000,  to  be  expended  in 
procuring  said  men,  f 425  to  be  paid  each  man  in  town  who  will  enlist  or  furnish  a  substitute  to  serve 
three  years,  the  balance  to  be  immediately  expended  in  procuring  three  years'  recruits,  and  that  the 
selectmen  be  authorized  to  issue  town  scrip  therefor,  at  not  exceeding  six  per  cent,  interest.  1865  — 
John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  Joel  Small,  Joseph  G.  Bragg,  Seth  Libby,  selectmen.  Voted  that  the  selectmen 
procure  money  to  be  paid  to  soldiers'  families  as  state  aid.  1866  —  John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  Joseph  G. 
Bragg,  Seth  Libby,  Otis  W.  Fabyan,  selectmen.    The  treasurer's  report  shows  the  debt  .#7,640.40. 

1867  —  John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  Joel  Ham,  S.  A.  Jenkins,  George  W.  Fogg,  selectmen.  Voted  to  build 
a  bridge  across  the  stream  near  Leeds  Junction.  18()8  —  John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  S.  A.  Jenkins,  George 
W.  Fogg,  Alanson  Higgins,  selectmen.  1869  —  T.  W.  Ham,  clerk;  S.  A.  Jenkins,  W.  W.  Douglass, 
Seth  Libby,  selectmen.  1870 — John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  S.  A.  Jenkins,  George  W.  Fogg,  Joel  Ham, 
selectmen.  Voted  to  raise  by  assessment  $1,600  to  pay  on  the  town  debt.  Voted  that  the  town  pay 
#100  and  interest  to  those  men  who  paid  commutation  in  the  late  war.  Voted  that  the  municipal  year 
shall  end  on  the  first  Monday  in  March  in  each  year.     1871  —  John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  I.  S.  Small,  A.  C. 


498  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Frost,  Benjamin  Hodsdon,  2d,  selectmen.  1872— John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  I.  S.  Small,  Benjamin 
Hodsdon,  2d,  A.  C.  Frost,  selectmen.  1873  — John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  T.  W.  Ham,  A.  C.  Frost,  H.  S. 
Marr,  selectmen.  At  the  September  meeting,  John  C.  Fogg  had  59  votes  for  representative;  D.  S. 
Sanborn,  40.  1874  — John  C.  Fogg,  clerk;  T.  W.  Ham,  Henry  S.  Marr,  Joseph  M.  Given,  selectmen. 
Voted  to  raise  .'goOO  for  a  free  high  school.  1875  — S.  A.  Jenkins,  clerk;  A.  C.  Frost,  J.  G.  Bragg,  J.  C. 
Fogg,  selectmen.  May  25,  voted  to  instruct  the  selectmen  to  buy  the  farm  on  which  Seth  Lombard 
resides,  if  it  will  be  for  the  Interest  of  the  town  to  do  so.  187G  — S.  A.  Jenkins,  clerk;  Benjamin 
Hodsdon,  2d,  T.  W.  Ham,  Isaac  W.  Frost,  selectmen.  Voted  to  raise  |!1.50  for  free  high  school.  1877  — 
S.  A.  Jenkins,  clerk;  B.  Hodsdon,  2d,  I.  W.  Frost,  Alden  Moulton,  selectmen.  1878  — S.  A.  Jenkins, 
clerk;  I.  W.  Frost,  J.  C.  Fogg,  Joseph  A.  Maxwell,  selectmen;  J.  W.  Beckler  and  John  C.  Fogg, 
school  committee.  1879  — J.  C.  Fogg,  moderator;  S.  A.  Jenkins,  clerk;  Benjamin  Hodsdon,  T.  W. 
Ham,  S.  A.  Jenkins,  selectmen. 

lg,SO  —  I.  M.  Witherell,  clerk;  Benjamin  Hodsdon,  John  C.  Fogg,  Thomas  T.  Jenkins,  selectmen. 
1881— J.  C.  Fogg,  moderator;  T.  W.  Ham,  clerk;  J.  C.  Fogg,  Alden  Moulton,  F.  E.  Marr,  selectmen. 
1882  — T.  W.  Ham,  clerk;  Alden  Moulton,  T.  T.  Jenkins,  I.  W.  Frost,  selectmen.  1883  — D.  N. 
Maxwell,  clerk;  Alden  Moulton,  I.  W.  Frost,  Joseph  W.  Sawyer,  selectmen.  1884  — John  C.  Fogg, 
clerk;  I.  W.  Frost,  J.  W.  Sawyer,  I.  M.  Witherell,  selectmen.  1885  — Willis  E.  Hinkley,  clerk;  J.  W. 
Sawyer,  Alden  Moulton,  Joseph  S.  Jewett,  selectmen.  1886  —  J.  C.  Fogg,  moderator;  W.  E.  Hinkley, 
clerk;  Alden  Moulton,  J.  S.  Jewett,  G.  W.  Fogg,  selectmen;  W.  E.  Hinkley,  H.  A.  Greenwood, 
school  committee.  April  8  it  was  voted  to  instruct  the  selectmen  to  buy  a  road  machine.  Voted  to 
raise  money  to  pay  for  the  same,  and  that  the  selectmen  buy  four  oxen  to  use  on  the  road  machine. 
1887  — J.  C.  Fogg,  moderator;  E.  S.  Dixon,  clerk;  T.  T.  Jenkins,  G.  W.  Fogg,  J.  W.  Sawyer,  select- 
men; T.  W.  Ham,  truant  officer.  1888  — T.  T.  Jenkins,  moderator;  E.  S.  Dixon,  clerk;  J.  W.  Sawyer, 
T.  T.  Jenkins,  Alonzo  M.  Donnell,  selectmen.  Vote  for  representative  was:  Alden  Moulton,  63; 
Ernest  S.  Dixon,  75.  1889  — T.  T.  Jenkins,  moderator;  E.  S.  Dixon,  clerk;  John  C.  Fogg,  A.  M. 
Donnell,  F.  E.  Marr,  selectmen.  J.  C.  Fogg,  truant  officer.  Voted  $300  for  free  high  schools,  also  to 
abolish  the  school  district  system.  1890  —  T.  T.  Jenkins,  moderator;  E.  S.  Dixon,  clerk;  A.  M. 
Donnell,  F.  E.  Marr,  T.  T.  Jenkins,  selectmen;  J.  Herbert  Maxwell,  school  supervisor.  Voted  that 
the  selectmen  be  authorized  to  sell  the  town  farm  at  auction.  1891  ^T.  W.  Ham,  moderator;  A.J. 
Sanborn,  clerk;  F.  E.  Marr,  Alden  Moulton,  E.  E.  Ham,  selectmen;  A.  J.  Sanborn,  school  supervisor. 


Town  of  Greene.  499 


GREENE. 


CHAPTER   XXVII. 

Area—  Boundaries  —Elevations  —  Pouds — Soil  — Productions- The  First  Settlers  — 
Petition  for  Incorporation  —  Remonstrance  Ag-ainst  Incorporation  —  Incorporation  — Devel- 
opment of  Business  —  Early  Conveyances  — Valuation  and  Residents  in  1818 — Lots  and 
Occupants  in  1820 —Gleanings  from  Town  Records — Early  Action  Concerning  Schools. 

GREENE,  the  second  town  incorporated  in  the  county  limits  and  the  fifty- 
fifth  in  Maine,  contains  nearly  16,000  acres  of  land,  is  surrounded  by 
Turner  on  the  west,  Leeds  on  the  north,  Wales  on  the  east,  and  Lewiston 
on  the  south,  and  originally  was  a  part  of  "•  Lewistown."  The  surface  is  quite 
broken,  and  the  altitude  is  higher  than  that  of  the  towns  to  the  south  and 
east.  Hill's  Ridge,  in  the  southeastern  part,  commands  an  extensive  panorama 
of  beautiful  scenery,  terminating  at  Mt  Washington  in  the  far  distance.  The 
northwestern  part  is  so  high  as  to  be  called  the  mountain  district;  its  principal 
elevations  are  C^aswell,  Ames,  and  Clark's  mountains.  On  Caswell  hill  is  an 
excellent  quality  of  granite,  valuable  if  it  was  near  a  railroad.  East  of  and 
within  a  half-mile  of  Greene  Station,  is  a  ridge  of  dark  granite  of  fine  quality. 
Its  owner,  Dr  G.  L.  Peaslee,  is  giving  some  attention  to  its  development. 
There  are  some  ponds,  Allen,  Dean,  Little  Sabattus,  and  Berry,  while  Lake 
Sabattus  forms  a  portion  of  the  eastern  boundary.  At  Sprague's  Mills  is  a 
water-power  with  a  fall  of  15  feet.  Mills  were  formerly  in  operation  on  the 
outlets  of  Allen  pond  and  Meadow  brook.  The  soil  near  tlie  Androscoggin  is  a 
light  loam,  the  low  lands  throughout  the  town  yield  abundantly  of  hay,  while 
the  lands  at  a  moderate  height  are  free  fi'om  frost,  with  a  strong  soil,  producing 
good  crops.  The  more  elevated  portions  have  a  rocky  soil,  and  although 
formerly  considered  of  less  agricultural  value,  now  have  an  increased  worth 
on  account  of  the  natural  tendency  of  the  apple  tree  to  thrive  here.  A  belt  of 
this  land  running  east  and  west  through  the  south  part,  and  another  belt  north 
of  the  center  have  exceptional  value  in  this  respect. 

The  history  of  Greene,  like  that  of  most  country  towns,  is  devoid  of  wide 
significance,  its  annals  are  marked  by  few  conspicuous  happenings,  but  the 
beautiful  farms  which  dot  its  surface,  and  the  comfortable  homes  of  to-day,  tell 
the  story  of  the  patience  and  perseverance  of  the  settlers  who  came  to  stay  in  the 
century  and  more  ago.  A  good  character  of  solidity,  sobriety,  intelligence,  and 
industry  has  ever  been  connected  with  its  inhabitants,  and  many  of  its  sons 
have  distinguished  themselves  in  other  towns  and  states,  and  done  honor  to  the 
place  of  their  nativity. 


500  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  First  Settlers. — Benjamin  Ellingvvood,  a  squatter,  made  the  first  home 
and  was  the  first  resident  on  hind  now  in  the  town  of  Greene.  This  pioneer 
built  his  log  cabin  on  the  Pickett  farm,  on  a  slight  elevation  northwest  of  the 
present  residence  of  Ezra  Pratt.  He  cleared  some  land,  and  it  is  said  planted 
corn  and  had  a  fine  harvest,  in  1775.  Mr  Ellingwood  was  joined  in  the  early 
sunmier  of  1775  by  Benjamin  Merrill  from  North  Yarmouth.  Ellingwood's 
cabin  and  clearing  attracted  his  attention,  and  he  soon  made  a  bargain  to  board 
with  him,  and  remained  during  the  summer,  paying  his  board  with  "a  peck  of 
corn,  an  old  woolen  shirt,  a  shovel,  and  the  balance  in  cash."  Mr  Merrill 
secured  Ellingwood's  services,  to  harvest  hay  and  to  clear  land  across  the 
brook,  which  he  proposed  to  own,  and  eventually  this  land  was  deeded  to  him 
by  the  proprietors'  agent.  November  1,  1775,  he  purchased  of  Ellingwood  his 
house  and  improvements  for  X140  (colonial  currency),  for  "housen  stuff" 
£20,  and  allowed  him  £8-15-0  since  their  last  settlement.  Mr  Merrill 
recorded  the  purchase  thus: 

the  way  that  I  paid  Ellenwood  for  land  and  other  things : 

1  paid  cash £77  —  14  —  0 

2  notes  to  James  Anderson 45  —  00 — 0 

to  pay  Peter  Graflfara       11  —  10—0 

,,    ,,   James  Stiusfield 8  —  06  —  0 

,.    „   MrBrightman        8-02—0 

,,    „   Mr  Jones 7  —  15 — 0 

,,    ,,     ,,   Rines 5-00 — 0 

,,  a  pig  and  a  peiceof  line       3—05 — 0 

,,,,  hag  and  a  glas  bottle 14 — 6 

,, ,,  yard  and  i  of  cloath 1 — 02 — 6 

„  ,,  quartof  rum 0  —  06 — 0 

£168-15-0 

Mr  Merrill  returned  to  North  Yarmouth  the  first  of  November,  and  soon 
after  removed  here  with  his  wife,  Margaret  (Harris)  Merrill,  and  five  children, 
his  household  goods,  a  yoke  of  oxen,  and  a  cow.  Mr  Ellingwood  assisted  them 
on  their  journey,  and  subsequently  went  to  Gray.  Mr  Merrill's  family 
occupied  the  "cabin"  until  1786,  when  he  built  a  frame  house  on  the  west  side 
of  the  brook,  not  far  from  the  residence  of  Edmund  Fogg.  His  children  were 
Benjamin,  John,  Anna,  Jeremiah,  and  Levi.  Benjamin  Merrill  was  one  of  the 
early  selectmen.  He  died  in  1824,  aged  83.  His  wife  died  in  1821,  aged  83. 
Benjamin,  their  oldest  son,  was  the  first  town  clerk.  He  built  a  house,  which 
he  occupied  until  his  death,  in  1826;  John  settled  near  by,  also  erected  a 
home,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1817;  Anna  married  John  Pickett, 
who  settled  on  land  which  his  father  owned ;  she  died  in  1856,  at  the  age  of 
84;  Levi  died  in  1838;  Jeremiah  died  an  infant.  Ozni  Merrill,  a  grandson 
of  Benjamin,  the  pioneer,  lived  near  the  southwest  part  of  the  town,  and  was 
intellectual,  industrious,  and  possessed  mechanical  ingenuity  to  a  large  extent. 


Town  of  Greene.  501 


Deacon  Lemuel  Cummings  was  the  next  settler.  Thomas  Taylor,  Joseph, 
Eli,  and  Samuel  Herrick,  Colonel  William  Sprague,  Gershoni  Curtis,  the 
Larrabees,  Benjamin  Hackley,  the  Browns,  and  the  Coburns  were  here  by 
1785.  The  settlement  was  rapidly  increased  in  the  next  and  following  years 
by  many  important  additions,  among  them  Captain  John  Daggett,  John  and 
Jonathan  Mower,  Thomas  and  Jacob  Stevens,  Luther  Robbins,  Elisha 
Sylvester,  John  Allen,  Zebedee  Shaw,  Benjamin  Alden,  Bradford  Rose, 
Benjamin  Quimby,  Jacob  Bailey,  and  Jacob  Eames,  and  by  1800  also  were 
here  Captain  Daniel  Crossman,  Daniel  Smith,  Solomon  Bates,  John  Record, 
Samuel  Chadbourne,  and  others.  The  Revolution  accelerated  the  growth  of 
the  settlement  "in  the  north  part  of  Lewistown,"  and  by  1788  it  numbered 
500  inhabitants,  and  desired  to  be  a  town  and  control  its  own  affairs.  Con- 
sequently this  petition  was  drafted: 

Petition  for  Incorporation. — Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  Lewistown,  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1788.  To  the  Bonorable  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  G-eneral  Court 
assembled,  February,  1788.  The  petition  of  the  subscribers.  Inhabitants  of  the  Plantation 
of  Lewistown—  Humbly  She weth— That  your  Petitioners  labour  under  great  Inconveniences 
for  want  of  being  Incorporated  into  a  Town.  We  therefore  Humbly  pray  your  Honours 
that  the  Northern  part  of  said  Plantation  may  be  incorporated  into  a  Town  by  the  name  of 
Greenland,  beginning  at  the  South  West  corner  of  Lot  No.  1,  and  from  thence  run  South 
East  to  the  Plymouth  line  so  called,  and  from  thence  to  run  Northerly  by  said  Plymouth 
line  to  the  North  East  corner  of  the  Plantation  aforesaid  or  Lot  No.  190,  from  thence  to  run 
North  West  to  Androscoggin  river,  so  called,  from  thence,  to  run  southerly  by  said  river, 
so  as  to  bring  the  first  mentioned  bounds  to  bear  South  East,  and  from  thence,  South  East 
to  the  first  mentioned  bounds;  together  with  all  the  Inhabitants;  or  take  such  other 
method  in  the  premises  as  you  in  your  wisdom  shall  think  fit,  and  as  in  duty  bound  your 
Petitioners  will  ever  pray.  Signed,  Abel  Stoddard,  Benjamin  Merrill,  Lemuel  Cummings, 
John  Larrabee,  Moses  Brown,  Stephen  Larrabee,  John  Daggett,  Jacob  Earaes,  Benjamin 
Merrill,  3rd,  Abner  Merrill,  Ebenezer  A.  Pinkham,  John  Mower,  Benjamin  Merrill,  Jr,  Eli 
Herrick,  Thomas  Stevens,  Azariah  Barker,  Benjamin  Cole,  Philip  Judkius,  William  Harden, 
John  Butlei-,  William  Barker,  (!)  William  Sprague.  [Written  on  the  back  of  the  petition 
is  this  note.]  N.  B. —  And  your  petitioners  beg  leave  further  to  represeut  to  your  honors 
that  the  extent  of  the  tract  of  land  called  Lewistown  is  twelve  or  thirteen  miles  in  length, 
which  renders  it  very  ill  convenient,  and  we  conceive  improper,  to  be  Incorporated  into  one 
town,  as  it  will  greatly  discommode  the  Inhabitants  thereof.  And  further,  that  there  is 
a  considerable  tract  of  poor,  waste  laud  near  the  center  of  the  Plantation,  running  almost 
across  the  same,  but  will,  if  divided  agreeable  to  our  Petition,  lay  upon  the  border  of  each 
town. 

Some  of  the  settlers  did  not  approve  of  this  action,  and  sent  a  remonstrance 
to  the  General  Court,  "feeling  themselves  deeply  engaged  to  oppose  so 
unreasonable  a  measure"  because  "most  of  us  new  settlers  in  the  woods  are  in 
indigent  circumstances,"  and  are  "not  yet  able  to  raise  our  provisions"  nor  to 
bear  public  burdens;  because  "the  i)roposed  form  of  the  town  will  render  town 
business  difficult  to  conduct,"  etc.;  because  the  town  cannot  assess  the  land 
to  discharge  taxes,  "  as  a  great  part  is  (said  to  be)  State's  land,  and  sometime 


502  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


been  in  Debate  between  the  State  and  Mr  Little,"  although  they  had  agreed  to 
purchase  it  of  the  state,  and  because  "they  had  been  so  distressed  by  the 
extraordinary  charges  of  the  late  War,"  and  conclude: 

You  gentlemen  are  not  ignorant  of  ye  suflferiug  and  Losses  of  the  Soldiery  by  the  fall 
of  paper  money,  the  families  of  who,  were  drove  by  reason  of  high  taxes,  etc.,  to  seek 
their  bread  in  the  wild  wilderness,  in  a  cold  latitude,  50  miles  from  market.  We  dare  promise 
that  after  due  time  we  shall  be  willing,  as  we  may  be  able,  to  be  incorporated  into  town 
order,  and  bear  our  equal  quota  of  the  necessary  exigencies  of  Government.  Done  in  the 
woods,  on  Androscoggin  river,  at  a  place  called  "  The  notherly  part  of  Lewistown,"  This 
26th  day  of  May,  1788.  (Signed)  Elisha  Sylvester,  Benjamin  Alden,  Cornelius  Jones,  Asa 
Hose,  Appolos  Jones,  Bradford  Kose,  Barnabas  Perry,  Levi  Caswell,  Ichabod  Phillips, 
Thomas  Lindsay,  Daniel  Lothrop,  Joseph  Samson,  Asa  Rose,  Jr,  Elisha  Keen,  Abiathar 
Briggs,  Jairus  Phillips,  Jacob  Bailey. 

This  remonstrance  was  of  no  avail,  however,  and  June  18,  1788,  Greene 
was  incorporated,  the  name  being  given  in  honor  of  General  Nathaniel  Greene, 
of  the  Continental  army.      The  first  section  of  the  act  reads  as  follows: 

Section  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  in  General  Court 
assembled,  and  by  the  authority  of  the  same.  That  the  northerly  part  of  the  plantation 
heretofore  known  by  the  name  of  Lewistown,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln,  bounded  as 
follows,  viz.:  Beginning  at  the  south-west  corner  of  Lot  No.  one,  thence  running  south- 
east to  the  Plymouth  line,  so  called,  thence  northerly  by  said  Plymouth  line,  to  the  north- 
east corner  of  the  said  plantation  or  lot  No.  one  hundred  and  ninety,  thence  north-west  to 
Androscoggin  River,  thence  southerly  by  said  river  so  as  to  bring  the  first  mentioned 
bounds  to  bear  south-east,  thence  south-east  to  the  first  mentioned  bounds,  with  the 
inhabitants  thereon,  be,  and  hereby  are  incorporated  into  a  town  by  the  name  of  Greene, 
and  shall  have  all  the  powers,  privileges,  and  immunities,  which  other  towns  in  this  Com- 
monwealth do  or  may  by  law  enjoy. 

Daniel  Cony,  Esq.,  was  directed  to  issue  his  warrant,  to  some  suitable 
inhabitant  of  the  said  town,  to  call  the  lirst  town  meeting,  which  "  suitable 
inhabitant "  was  Benjamin  Merrill. 

After  the  incorporation  of  Greene,  its  supremacy  in  importance  continued 
many  years.  The  settlers  of  Lewiston  traded  at  Greene  Corner;  they  availed 
themselves  of  its  superior  educational  advantages  by  educating  their  children 
here.  Not  only  this,  but  it  is  confidently  affirmed  that  the  first  shingles  sawed 
in  Maine  were  made  at  the  shingle  mill  put  up  by  Willard  Bridghara  on  the 
old  Beriah  Sampson  privilege  at  the  outlet  of  Allen  pond.  Artisans  had 
established  shops  before  1800,  but  the  first  authentic  information  we  have 
is  in  1818,  when  these  persons  had  "shops,"  as  says  the  quaint  manuscript: 
Benjamin  Alden,  Jabez  Pratt,  Jabez  R.  and  Samuel  Bates,  Aruna  Briggs, 
Daniel  Crosman,  James  Coffin,  Reuben  and  Robert  Curtis,  John  Comins, 
Moses  Harris,  Nathaniel  Herrick,  John  and  Samuel  Larrabee,  William  and 
Ebenezer  Mower,  John  Pettingill,  William  Parker,  Benjamin  Quimby,  L.  and 
N.  Bobbins,  William  Sprague,  Jr,  Jacob  and  Thomas  Stevens,  John  Stafford, 


Town  of  Greene.  503 


William  Sawyer,  Asa  Smith,  Christopher  Tracy.  The  earliest  grist-mill  was 
built  by  William  Sprague  about  1795,  and  not  long  after  Beriah  Sampson  had 
one  at  the  privilege  mentioned  above.  (This  was  abandoned  long  ago.  Mr 
Bates  was  the  last  owner.)  William  Sprague,  Jr,  and  Anslem  Car}'-  had  small 
tan-yards,  but  the  principal  business  in  this  line  was  that  of  Moses  Harris. 

Merchmits.  —  Anslem  Cary  was  an  early  merchant,  the  first  trader,  probably, 
to  rank  as  such.  His  store  was  at  Greene  Corner,  He  later  admitted  Elijah 
Barrell  as  partner.  They  did  a  flourishing  business  for  many  years,  and  were 
succeeded  by  Anslem  C.  Parker.  Previous  to  the  formation  of  the  firm  of 
Car}'-  &  Barrell,  Benjamin  Parker  had  conducted  trade  until  1812,  in  con- 
nection with  his  other  business,  and  the  small  building  near  his  dwelling, 
where  he  traded,  was  occupied  by  them  until  they  built  the  two-story  store. 
After  their  occupancy  of  this,  and  later  that  of  Anslem  C.  Parker,  John  L. 
Cutter,  William  Stevens,  the  Curtis  Brothers,  and  Rev.  E.  G.  Eaton,  it  was 
unoccupied  for  a  time  and  then  moved  further  south  and  fitted  up  as  a  Grange 
hall,  and  here  Otis  B.  Dean  was  in  trade  for  some  years  from  1880.  Samuel 
Oakes  traded  for  a  time  in  a  small  store  near  Dr  Pierce's.  Greene  Center,  now 
Greene  Station,  was  early  an  important  business  center.  Harris  &>  Haskell 
did  a  good  trade  from  1840  to  1846  or  1847.  They  were  succeeded  by  Harris 
&  Mower,  they  in  turn  by  Duane  Mower,  Henry  Jennings,  S.  P.  Benson, 
William  Stevens,  Robbins  &  Kensell,  Henry  Morse,  A.  P.  Mower,  O.  T.  Wing. 
A.  B.  Crosby  and  John  C.  Additon  traded  here  in  the  seventies.  About  the 
same  time  Lewis  Murray  traded  at  North  Greene. 

Earlij  Conveyances.  —  Many  of  the  early  settlers  were  poor  and,  expecting 
the  title  to  the  lands  was  vested  in  the  state,  would  not  purchase  of  the  Pejep- 
scot  proprietors,  and  those  who  purchased  lands  were  honest  and  unsuspecting, 
the  journey  to  Wiscasset  was  a  long  one,  and  the  result  was  that  most  of  the 
deeds  they  received  were  either  never  recorded  or  not  for  a  long  period  after 
they  were  given.  Diligent  search  in  the  records  of  the  register  of  deeds  of 
Lincoln  county  fails  to  show  but  few  recorded  prior  to  1799.  Moses  Little 
conveys  lands  in  Greene  to  Benjamin  Merrill,  of  Lewiston,  September  17, 
1785.  Samuel  Merrill,  of  New  Gloucester,  deeds  in  1787  to  his  son,  Benjamin 
Merrill,  of  Greene,  lot  3,  100  acres,  consideration  <£30.  In  1789  Benjamin 
Merrill  deeds  his  son,  John,  60  acres,  the  northeast  end  of  lot  93 ;  also  to  his 
son,  Benjamin  Merrill,  3d,  20  acres  southwest  end  of  lot  2.  Joseph  Eames  is 
deeded  56  acres  in  lots  228  and  229,  November  19,  1790,  "in  presence  of  John 
Daggett  and  Benjamin  Merrill."  Doughty  Bates,  of  Hanover,  is  deeded  by 
Ephraim  Andrews,  September  20, 1794,  50  acres,  south  half  of  lot  87,"  bounded 
north  by  the  improved  half  owned  by  William  Turner,  and  west  by  land  owned 
by  Jonathan  Cushman."  Abner  Harris,  of  Lewiston,  deeds,  January  8,  1796, 
to  Moses  Harris,  of  Greene,  "one-half  of  lot  144  of  said  town."  Elijah  Woods 
deeds  "fourth   month,  seventh   day,"  1775,  to    William    Sprague,  of  Greene, 


504  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


lands  in  Winthrop.  William  earlier  has  transfers  of  land  made  to  him  as  of 
Winthrop.  It  was  not  until  the  long  controversy  with  the  Pejepscot  pro- 
prietors was  settled  in  their  favor  in  1814  that  the  majority  of  the  settlers 
received  their  deeds  from  those  who  held  the  rights  of  the  proprietors,  and  with 
whom  they  made  the  best  attainable  terms,  often  paying  more  for  their  land 
on  account  of  the  improvements  they  had  themselves  made. 

Valuation  and  Residents  in  1818.  — The  valuation  was  $46,230;  number  of  polls,  221. 
The  voters  and  resident  property  holders  were  Benjamin  and  Eliab  Alden ;  John,  Jairus, 
Ichabod,  and  Benjamin  Allen;  John  and  OWs,Additon;  Samuel,  David,  and  Moses  Adams ; 
Jabez  R.,  Caleb,  Samuel,  Reuben,  John,  and  Alexander  Bates;  Aruna,  Elijah,  Elijah,  Jr, 
William,  and  Olive  Briggs ;  George  and  John  Berry;  Isaac,  Isaac,  Jr,  and  John  Beats; 
Seth  Barden;  Ambrose,  Benjamin  T.,  and  Richard  Brown;  Gary  <&.  Barrell;  Joseph 
Bailey;  Daniel  Crosman;  Jacob  H.,  Ephraim,  and  John  Chadherne;  Elias  Chick;  James 
Colfin;  Bartholomew,  Eliphlet,  Jesse,  Joel,  William,  Charles,  Isaiah,  Phinehas,  and 
Bartholomew,  Jr,  Coberne;  John  Caswell;  Abel  Crocker;  Reuben  and  Robert  Curtis; 
Lemuel,  Solomon,  John,  and  Ammi  Gomins ;  Ammi  R.  Crttter ;  Jacob  and  Samuel  Z)a?/; 
Aaron  Daggett;  John  and  Elias  Brake ;  Cyrus  Dean;  Joshua  and  Richard  Elder  ;  James 
Frazer ;  William  Furbish;  Peter  Freeman;  Walter  Fogg ;  Marcus  Gilbert;  Benjamin 
Grant;  Moses,  Silas,  John,  Silas,  Jr,  and  Joseph  Harris;  Josiah,  Samuel,  and  Jesse 
Hatch;  Nathan  and  Joseph  Herrick;  Bates  (S;  Her  rick ;  David  Hooper;  Nathaniel  and 
Richard  i/i//;  luevi  Harvey ;  So\omon  Jackson ;  LnveKcayc;  Joseph  and  William  ilfc- 
Kcnney ;  Elisha  and  Elisha,  Jr,  Keene;  Joseph  Knapp ;  Jacob  Kimball;  Samuel,  John, 
Ammi,  Josiah,  and  Jeremiah  Larrabee;  Samuel  and  John  Layne ;  Thomas  and  James 
Longlcy  ;  John  and  Zebulon  ii/>i>?/;  Freeman  and  Josiah  iawrZers ;  Benjamin,  Benjamin,  2d, 
Benjamin,  3d,  Samuel,  Betty,  Levi,  Levi,  2d,  and  Levi  Merrill,  3d;  Isaac  and  Samuel 
Malune;  Jonathan,  John,  Samuel,  William,  Ebenezer,  John,  Jr,  Jonathan,  2d,  Aaron, 
Leonard,  Peter  S.,  and  Henry  Mower;  Nathan  Morse;  Joseph  Mitchell;  John  Moulton; 
Jabez  Pratt;  John  and  John,  Jr,  Pettingill;  Jairus,  Jairus,  Jr,  and  Ichabod  Phillips; 
Ireson,  William,  and  Jacob  Parker;  James  and  James,  Jr,  Perea ;  Benjamin  Quimby ; 
Luther,  Reuben,  and  Charles  jRo?;/>ms ;  L.  &  N.  Bobbins;  Benjamin  and  Stephen  Backley ; 
Russel  n.  Bead;  John  and  Thomas  Record;  Seth,  Asa,  Asa,  Jr,  Bradford,  and  Simeon 
Rose;  i^Was  Richardson ;  Ah'mthav  andJoseph  Richmond;  John  Robinson;  Turner  Stet- 
son; William,  William,  Jr,  Moses,  and  Isaac  Sprague ;  Jonathan  Shepley ;  Massey 
Sylvester;  Jacob  and  Thomas ;S/eyew5 ;  5 ■Mwas  Sinclair ;  John  Stafford;  Beriah  and  Joseph 
Sampson;  Rufas  Stcp)hcns ;  William  and  Thaddeus  5'r{?f?/er;  Asn.  Smith  ;  7jehedee  Shatv ; 
Simeon  Turner;  Benjamin,  Isaac,  and  Martin  Thomas;  John  A.  Tobey:  Christopher  Tracy; 
David  Wheeler;  Jacob  Fames:  David  Prescott ;  Daniel,  Daniel,  Jr,  and  David  Wilkins. 

Early  Settlers  and  Locations.  —  From  a  plan  of  the  town  made  about  1820 
we  take  the  names  of  the  owners  of  lots,  including  the  settlers  and  their 
locations.  On  the  south  line  B.  Thomas  had  a  large  lot  (242)  lying  on  the 
Androscoggin  river.  East  of  this  was  lot  1,  owned  by  Lemuel  Comins;  lots 
2,  3,  4  are  marked  "Briggs,  Fogg,  Brown,  Stoddard,  and  Anna  Pickett";  lots 
5,  6,  7  are  vacant;  lot  8,  heirs  of  A.  Littlefield  and  Little;  lot  9,  J.  Perea;  37, 
McKenney;  38,  S.  &  J.  Layne  and  J.  Perea,  Jr,  while  a  large  triangular  lot 
extending  to  Sabattus  pond  is  inscribed  "  Widow  Eaton  Shaw."  The  second 
line  of  lots,  counting  north,  and  commencing  at  the  east  side,  is  lot  102,  John 


Town  of  Greene.  505 


Moulton ;  101,  Coburn  and  Lajnie;  100,  Chadburn  and  Gary;  99,  J.  and  Sam. 
Hatch;  98,  Z.  Gobnrn  and  E.  Hatch;  95,  96,  97,  Allen  and  others;  94,  Barrell 
and  Pratt;  93,  Pratt  and  others;  92,  Aaron  Daggett;  91,  S.  Gomins;  90,  W. 
Sawyer;  east  half  of  lot  235  vacant.  Isaac  Maloon  has  233  and  west  half  of 
235,  while  236,  a  long  lot  next  to  the  great  river,  is  marked  W.  Parker. 
P.  Freeman  has  the  next  lot,  232,  north  on  the  Androscoggin,  and  F.  Landers, 
231,  the  next  one  north  on  the  river.  S.  Wheeler  is  next  on  the  river. 
Jacob  Stevens  next  in  order  on  225,  while  east  of  Jacob,  on  224,  is  Thomas 
Stevens.  A.  Barker  and  G.  Tracy  have  220,  and  east  of  them,  on  221, 
we  find  A.  Berry,  J.  Starbird,  W.  Fogg,  and  A.  Briggs  have  218,  while 
west  of  this  and  on  the  river  Arnna  Briggs  has  219.  214  is  occupied 
by  L.  Hervey  and  G.  Barr.  Asa  Rose,  Jr,  is  north  on  212,  and  Bradford 
Rose  joins  Asa  on  the  west  with  213  on  the  river.  John  Allen  is  north 
of  Asa  Rose,  Jr,  on  207,  while  north  of  B.  Rose  and  west  of  Allen  we  find 
I.  Beals.  North  and  west  of  Beals,  on  lots  204  and  205,  is  Elisha  Keen. 
Jairus  Phillips  is  east  of  Keen  and  north  of  Allen  on  203.  North  of  Phillips, 
on  198,  193,  and  })art  of  339,  we  find  Abner  Briggs.  A.  Sampson,  John 
Additon,  J.  Gruker  have  the  rest  of  339,  which  lies  on  the  north  line.  West 
of  lot  193  is  Simeon  Rose  on  197 ;  west  of  this,  on  196,  lying  on  the  river,  are 
J.  Sampson  and  M.  Sylvester.  North  of  Sylvester,  on  the  river,  A.  Hylaild 
has  lot  195,  while  the  next  river  lot  north,  241,  the  northwest  lot  of  the  plan, 
is  divided  between  B.  Alden  (south  half)  and  J.  Sampson  (north  half).  The 
next  lot  east  on  north  line  240  is  marked  Phillips.  Following  the  north  line 
east  on  238  we  discover  A.  Richmond,  on  237  Gyrus  Dean,  180  Stetson  & 
Gurtis,  181  John  Walker,  182  Jno.  Beals  and  A.  Bates,  183  Josiah  and  Samuel 
Day,  184  Baile}^  Robbins,  and  Little,  185  Bailey,  Robbins,  and  Gaswell,  186 
Bates  and  Harris,  187  Harris  and  Little,  188  Mitchell  and  heirs  of  J.  Little. 
The  two  lots  in  northeast  corner  of  plan  are  vacant.  Lot  172  is  owned  by  L 
Sprague  and  Little,  173  by  Morse  and  Shepley,  174  and  163  next  south  bj'^ 
Grossman  and  Morse,  175  Ebenezer  Mower,  176  Samuel  Shaw,  177  G.  Additon, 
178  G.  Gurtis  and  others  (names  illegible),  200  R.  Hill,  199  A.  Grooker,  190 
J.  Whitney  and  J.  Gaswell,  209  Ichabod  Allen,  201  J.  Stafford,  211  J.  St 
Glair,  210  Sampson  Drake,  158  and  north  half  of  157  John  Stafford.  Part  of 
157  and  136  is  given  to  B.  Rackley,  the  south  part  of  136  being  held  by  John 
Howe,  Jr.  Rackley  &  Brown  has  216,  and  E.  Adey  the  east  quarter  of  215. 
South  of  216  on  217  is  John  Larrabee,  and  further  south  on  222  is  S.  Larrabee. 
The  next  south  is  323  occupied  by  Samuel  Bates,  and  the  succeeding  lots  south 
225  and  229  are  held  by  Jacob  Fames.  234  next  south  of  Fames  is  the  John 
Daggett  lot.  135  is  marked  "  A.  Merrill's  heirs,"  and  134  the  next  lot  east  is 
inscribed  L.  Read.  114  and  115  south  of  the  Merrill  and  Read  lots  are 
marked  "  Longley  and  Robbins,"  while  "  Pettengill  and  others  "  have  111  and 
112  and  perhaps  113.     Lots  103,  110,  147,  148,  166,  167, 168,  171,  and  portions 


506  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


of  others  are  owned  by  the  heirs  of  J.  Little.  Lot  109  is  the  "  Barrell  "  lot, 
108  owned  by  Little  and  others,  107  W.  Furbish  &  J.  Hatch,  106  S.  Richard- 
son and  J.  Hatch,  105  Hill  and  Chadbourn,  104  Nath  Hill;  these  last  are  in 
the  third  tier  of  lots  north  of  the  south  line  of  the  town.  In  the  fourth  tier 
of  lots  commencing  at  the  east  side  of  the  plan  and  going  west  is  first  lot  124 
Hackett  &  Thompson,  123  Furbush  &  Mullin,  122  Brothers  Coburn,  121  Free- 
man, Eliphalet  and  J.  Coburn,  120  Freeman  &  Jesse  Coburn,  119  Herrick  and 
Hussey,  118  J.  Little's  interval  lot,  117  Barrell  &  Carey  (school),  116  Wm 
Cutter.  North  of  Cutter,  Curtis  &  Saflord  had  133,  east  of  this  T.  Longley 
and  L  Coburn  held  132,  wliile  north  of  the  last  two  lots  the  heirs  of  Jona 
Mower  had  138  and  139.  John  and  Calvin  Mower  held  155  and  John  Mower 
154  lying  directly  north  of  138  and  139.  137  west  of  these  is  marked  S. 
Adams,  and  156,  just  north  of  this,  is  put  down  to  Jona.  Mower,  Jr.  D. 
Hooper  has  139.  160  is  delineated  as  a  pond  or  marsh,  and  161  largely  so,  but 
held  by  Bailey,  162  "  Quimby  and  heirs  of  A.  Mower."  158  is  held  by  the 
heirs  of  J.  Little  and  Mower,  while  tlie  lot  east,  152,  is  held  by  W.  Mower  and 
heirs  of  A.  Mower.  Following  east  down  the  stream,  151  is  owned  by  the 
heirs  of  W.  Sprague  (also  104  immediately  north),  150  by  M.  Sprague  and 
others,  149  by  heirs  of  J.  Little  and  Harris.  140,  the  lot  where  stands  Greene 
Depot,  is  held  by  Haskell  and  Adams.  Going  east  141  is  owned  by  W.  Mower 
and  others,  142  by  Benjamin  Quimby,  143  by  Silas  Harris  and  Wilkins,  144  by 
S.  Harris  and  heirs  of  Moses  Harris,  145  by  Wm  Harris  and  heirs  of  Moses 
Harris.  The  last  lot  in  this  tier  is  146  owned  by  J.  Little's  heirs  and  others, 
while  going  west  in  the  next  tier  south  is  David  Thompson  and  others  owning 
lot  125  (undecipherable  names  on  lot  126),  David  and  Daniel  Wilkins  held  lot 
127,  L  Coburn  and  J.  Coffin  lot  128,  and  John  and  Jedediah  Harris  on  129. 

Gleanings  from  Totvn  Records.  —  The  first  towu-meeting  was  held  August  29,  1788, 
at  the  dwelHng-house  of  Samuel  and  Eli  Herrick,  on  what  is  now  the  Patten  farm.  (All 
town-meetings  were  held  here  until  1793,  when  the  annual  meeting  was  adjourned  to  the 
new  Baptist  church.)  Daniel  Cony,  Esq.,  was  moderator.  Benjamin  Merrill,  Sen., 
Lemuel  Comins,  John  Larrabee,  John  Daggett,  and  Benjamin  Alden,  were  chosen  select- 
men; Benjamin  Merrill,  3d,  town  clerk;  Benjamin  Merrill,  Sen.,  John  Daggett,  and  John 
Larrabee,  assessors;  William  Sprague,  town  treasurer;  Benjamin  Merrill,  Sen.,  Stephen 
Larrabee,  and  James  Sprague,  tithing-men ;  William  Sprague,  Jacob  Eames,  Benjamin 
Brown,  Lemuel  Comins,  Benjamin  Alden,  and  William  Coburn,  surveyors  of  highways; 
Lemuel  Comins  and  William  Sprague,  fence  viewers;  William  Sprague  and  Joseph  Herrick, 
field  drivers;  Ezekiel  Hackett,  Jr,  informer  of  deer  and  moose;  Joseph  Herrick,  Samuel 
Herrick,  and  Benjamin  Quimby,  hog-reeves;  Jacob  Eames,  constable.  The  taxes  were 
sold  for  collection  to  Benjamin  Brown,  at  1 1  pence  on  the  pound.  Voted  to  post  up  warrants, 
etc.,  at  Messrs  Sprague's  and  Crocker's  mills,  and  at  Messrs  Samuel  and  Eli  Herrick's 
dwelling-house.  September  18,  the  first  road  was  accepted.  For  representative  to 
congress  Hon.  William  Gorham  had  12  votes.  For  the  first  elector  of  president  and  vice- 
president,  William  Widgery  had  12;  for  the  second,  Daniel  Cony,  8;  Thomas  Rice,  4. 
1789,  April  6,  it  was  voted  to  raise  100  pounds,  to  be  worked  out  on  the  highway  at  the 


Town  of  Greene.  507 


rate  of  six  shillings  per  day  for  men's  labor,  and  four  for  oxen ;  that  twelve  shillings  of 
such  tax  should  be  assessed  on  each  poll  and  the  remainder  upon  estates.  Voted  that 
William  Sprague  procure  a  standard  for  dry  measures,  and  that  the  town  clerk  purchase 
two  books  for  town  records,  on  the  town's  cost,  containing  one  quire  of  paper  each. 
November  2  accepted  roads  leading  from  main  roads  to  John  Daggett's,  to  upper  side  of 
town;  from  Samuel  Herrick's  to  upper  side  of  town;  from  main  road  to  Abner  Merrill's 
and  to  John  Larrabee's;  from  William  Sprague's  to  Reuben  Coburn's,  and  several  cross 
roads.  1790,  April  5,  Joseph  Herrick,  Luther  Robbins,  and  Stephen  Larrabee  were  chosen 
a  committee  to  pick  out  two  lots  for  the  use  of  the  ministry  and  schools,  and  to  take  deeds 
from  the  proprietors.  For  governor,  John  Hancock  bad  20  votes.  Voted  to  build  a  pound 
near  the  center  of  the  town.  1791,  April  4,  it  was  voted  that  the  law  book  belonging  to 
the  town  be  kept  at  the  house  of  Messrs  Samuel  and  Eli  Herrick  during  the  ensuing  year. 
September,  voted  that  surveyors  of  highways  (each  in  his  district)  shall  break  or  tread,  or 
cause  to  be  broken  or  trodden,  the  snow  in  the  roads  in  his  respective  district  when  a  snow 
falls  five  inches  deep  or  upwards,  within  48  hours  after  it  falls.  Voted  that  said  roads 
shall  be  broken  with  a  team  of  two  creatures  abreast,  with  a  sled  not  less  than  4  feet 
4  inches  wide.  1792,  April  2,  voted  that  Joseph  Herrick  have  the  privilege  of  keeping 
the  town  law-book  this  present  year,  with  his  engaging  to  bring  it  to  all  town-meetings. 
John  Larrabee,  William  Sprague,  and  Eli  Herrick  were  chosen  a  committee  to  look  out 
a  convenient  place  for  a  burying  yard.  May  7  Greene  voted  3(5  to  two  in  favor  of  the 
separation  of  the  district  of  Maine  from  Massachusetts.  1793,  April  1,  for  governor, 
John  Hancock  had  12  votes. 

1794,  April  7,  Benjamin  Morrill  was  chosen  delegate  to  a  convention  to  bo  held  at 
Portland  to  consider  the  expediency  of  the  counties  of  York,  Cumberland,  and  Lincoln 
being  erected  into  a  separate  government,  with  instruction  to  vote  against  a  separation  if 
the  new  government  would-  bo  more  expensive  than  the  present  form.  November  3  the 
town-meeting  was  held  at  the  dwelling-house  of  Mr  Samuel  Herrick,  and  after  adjourn- 
ment to  the  Baptist  meeting-house,  it  was  voted  to  hold  town-meetings  at  that  place  in  the 
future.  (From  this  time  until  the  town-house  was  built,  all  town-meetings  were  held  in 
this  church.)  1795,  April  6,  for  governor,  Samuel  Adams  had  35  votes.  June  11,  ''Voted 
to  raise  money  to  purchase  a  town  stocl^  of  amiuition,"  and  then  "  voted  to  reconcider  the 
last  vote."  179G,  April  4,  for  governor,  Samuel  Adams  had  17  votes.  $200  were  voted  for 
the  repair  of  roads.  1797,  June  26,  John  Daggett  was  allowed  "  4  Dollars  for  Guide 
Board."  An  article  in  the  warrant,  to  see  if  Elder  Lemuel  Jackson  should  be  granted 
liberty  to  live  upon  lot  No.  117,  belonging  to  the  town,  was  passed  over.  The  Baptist 
society  were  given  one-half  of  lot  No.  140,  belonging  to  the  town,  for  the  support  of  their 
minister.  $60  were  raised  to  purchase  a  town  stock  of  ammunition.  (There  were  very 
early  two  militia  companies,  one,  the  first,  commanded  by  Captain  John  Daggett,  the  other 
by  Colonel  Sprague.  Captain  Daggett  had  a  field  on  his  farm  where  musters  and  trainings 
were  held.  On  the  top  of  the  hill  near  the  old  Luther  Robbins  place  is  a  level  field 
formerly  an  old  muster- field.)  1798,  April  2,  voted  to  deposit  the  town  stock  of  ammuni- 
tion in  the  chamber  of  the  Baptist  meeting-house.  October  1  Benjamin  Merrill  was 
chosen  delegate  to  the  convention  at  Hallowell  to  divide  the  county  of  Lincoln  into  two 
counties.  1799,  April  1,  $420  were  voted  for  the  repair  of  highways.  1800,  April  7,  $30 
were  raised  for  repairing  roads,  $200  for  schools,  and  $65  for  other  necessary  town  charges. 

1802,  April  5,  voted  to  release  ten  acres  each  of  the  ministerial  lot  to  Samuel  Mower  and 
John  Rowell  for  ten  years,  they  to  clear  the  land,  put  it  to  grass,  and  leave  it  well  fenced. 

1803,  April,  the  town  was  re-divided  into  eleven  school  districts.  John  Mower,  Joseph 
Herrick,  and  William  Sprague  were  chosen  a  committee  to  build  a  wooden  pound,  28  feet 
square  and  7i  feet  high,  posts  and  sills  to  be  8  inches  square,  rails  2h  or  3  inches  thick, 


508  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  from  5  to  6  inches  wide,  the  timber  to  be  cedar  or  white  pine,  the  pound  "to  be 
located  either  on  the  lot  where  the  meeting-house  stands,  or  on  Jonathan  Mower's  ground, 
as  the  committee  may  agree." 

1805,  April  1,  the  burying  grounds  were  located:  "1,  on  the  corner  of  Ammi  R.  Cutter's 
lot  nearest  to  Benjamin  Parker's  house;  2,  on  James  Perce's  land,  northwesterly  corner  of  lot 
9;  3,  on  the  northeast  end  of  Daniel  Crosman's  land,  on  the  county  road,  10  rods  x6  (not 
accepted  by  the  town);  on  Jacob  Eams's  land,  lots  227  and  230,  laying  by  and  on  the  west 
side  of  the  road;  5,  on  John  Allen's  laud,  where  the  ground  is  now  improved  for  that  use." 
The  owners  of  the  lands  agreed  to  deed  it  to  the  town,  provided  the  several  districts  would 
keep  the  ground  fenced  and  in  good  order.  1806,  April  7,  for  governor,  James  Sullivan 
had  113  votes,  and  Caleb  Strong  10.  1807,  April  6,  voted  to  pay  the  expense  of  the  pall  or 
gravecloth  purchased  by  Messrs  Adams  and  Mower,  and  that  the  same  should  be  kept  by 
Jonathan  Mower,  who  was  directed  to  finish  it  off  by  binding  and  putting  six  tassels  to  it 
at  the  town's  expense.  1808,  April  4,  $1,000  were  raised  for  repairing  roads,  $500  for 
schools,  and  $300  for  defraying  other  necessary  town  charges.  1809,  May  1,  voted  that  if 
a  bank  fail  and  the  collector  have  bills  on  hand  at  that  time  and  will  make  oath  that  he 
took  none  of  them  afterwards,  then  the  town  to  bear  the  loss.  1810,  April  2,  for  governor, 
Elbridge  Gerry  had  127  votes,  and  Christopher  Gore  17.  1812,  July  27,  voted  to  make  up 
to  the  detached  militia  of  this  town  $10  per  month,  with  the  pay  allowed  by  government, 
and  the  non-commissioned  officers  in  the  same  ratio,  and  "voted  to  approbate  the  measures 
of  our  rulers."  1819,  March  3,  Luther  Robbins  was  chosen  representative  from  Greene  to 
the  General  Court,  with  instructions  to  advocate  the  separation  of  the  District  of  Maine 
from  Massachusetts.  September  20  Mr  Robbins  was  chosen  delegate  to  a  convention 
to  be  held  at  Portland  in  October  for  the  formation  of  a  constitution  for  the  new  state, 
and  December  6  the  people  of  Greene  by  a  unanimous  vote  expressed  their  approval  of 
the  constitution. 

1820,  April  3,  for  governor,  William  King  had  79  votes,  Ezekiel  Whitman  18,  James 
Wingate,  18,  Luther  Robbins  2.  1824,  March  22,  voted  to  pay  20  cents  each  to  soldiers  in 
lieu  of  rations,  as  the  law  requires.  For  governor,  Albion  K.  Parris  had  50  votes,  and  E. 
Barren  1.  1825,  September  12,  for  governor,  Albion  K.  Parris  had  77  votes,  and  Stephen 
How  1.  1827,  September  10,  Hon.  Enoch  Lincoln  had  every  vote  cast  for  governor — 03. 
1828,  March  24,  Moses  Sprague,  Silas  Richardson,  and  John  Quimby  were  chosen  a  com- 
mittee to  procure  information  respecting  the  purchase  of  the  old  meeting-house  for  a 
town-house.  1830,  for  governor,  Samuel  E.  Smith  had  135  votes,  and  Jonathan  G.  Hunton 
83.  Voted  that  the  selectmen  petition  the  next  legislature  to  determine  the  line  between 
Greene  and  Lewiston.  1831,  September  12,  voted  that  the  selectmen  procure  a  hearse  for 
the  use  of  the  town.  1835,  March  30,  the  selectmen  were  instructed  to  inquire  into  the 
expediency  of  building  a  town-house.  September  28,  the  interest  arising  from  the 
ministerial  fund  was  apportioned  among  the  several  religious  denominations  in  Greene  as 
follows:  To  the  Free  Society,  $111.55;  to  the  Universalists,  $111.55;  to  the  Calvinist 
Baptists,  $90.04;  to  the  Freewill  Baptists,  $41.83;  to  the  Methodists,  $31.38.  1837, 
April  4,  Captain  Benjamin  Allen  was  appointed  agent  to  receive  the  surplus  money  from 
the  state,  and  Elijah  Barrell,  Moses  Sprague,  Tristram  Hill,  and  Aaron  Daggett  were 
associated  with  him  as  a  committee  to  loan  the  money  in  sums  not  less  than  $10,  nor  more 
than  $100,  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  town,  and  take  satisfactory  security  for  its  re-payment. 
1838,  John  Fairfield  (Dem.)  had  153  votes  for  governor,  Edward  Kent  121,  and  F.  0.  J. 
Smith  1.  1840,  September  14,  Kent  (Whig)  received  a  majority  of  Greene's  gubernatorial 
vote.  His  vote  was  147  to  John  Fairfield's  143.  1842,  March  22,  "Voted  that  the  Select- 
men Don't  grant  licenses  the  present  year"  [for  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors]. 


Town  of  Greene.  509 


1843,  February  6,  Hannah  Bouney  had  one  vote  for  representative  to  the  legislature  from 
the  district  of  Greene  and  JMonmouth.  J845,  Benjamin  P.  Rackley  was  chosen  constable 
and  collector,  and  to  avoid  having  to  wait  five  or  six  years  for  the  proceeds  of  the  taxes,  it 
was  voted  that  the  collector  should  receive  no  percentage  for  collecting  unless  he  closed 
his  bills  within  one  year.  September  8,  "Voted  that  the  traders  of  Greene  be  licensed  to 
sell  spirituous  liquors  in  said  town."  1848,  July  1,  the  selectmen  were  instructed  to  take 
such  measures  as  they  see  fit  to  oppose  the  petition  of  John  Lombard  and  others  to  be  set 
off  into  Webster.  September  15,  the  selectmen  were  instructed  by  a  unanimous  vote  to 
petition  for  a  post-office  at  Greene  Corner.  1850,  March  8,  the  selectmen  were  instructed 
to  petition  the  post-office  department  to  change  the  names  of  the  post-offices  in  Greene, 
calling  the  one  at  the  depot,  Greene  post-office,  and  the  one  at  the  Corner,  Greene  Corner 
post-office.  1851,  September  1,  a  committee  of  one  from  each  religious  denomination  in 
town  was  directed  to  prepare  papers,  headed  by  the  names  of  the  Calvinist  Baptist,  Free- 
will Baptist,  Universalist,  and  JSIethodist  denominations,  and  put  tbem  into  the  hands  of  the 
school  agents  to  be  presented  to  every  voter  in  their  respective  districts  for  their  signature, 
to  be  placed  in  the  column  headed  by  the  denomination  by  whom  he  would  choose  to  have 
the  ministerial  fund  expended.  1854,  March  20,  voted  that  every  person  in  town  be 
required  to  give  in  his  valuation  under  oath;  and  every  person  refusing  so  to  do  shall  be 
doomed  in  such  a  sum  as  the  assessors  shall  see  fit.  October  2,  Greene  voted  by  227  to  26 
that  Lewistou  should  be  the  shire  town  of  the  new  county  of  Androscoggin.  1855, 
September  10,  for  governor  the  total  vote  was  302,  the  largest  vote  yet  in  the  history  of  the 
town.  Samuel  Wells  had  143  votes,  Anson  P.  Morrill  139,  Isaac  Reed  20.  1856,  September 
8,  Hannibal  Hamlin  had  165  votes  for  governor,  Samuel  Wells  105,  George  F.  Patten  II. 
1857,  March  16,  Benjamin  Allen,  Augustus  Sprague,  and  Ingerson  Parker  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  buy  a  poor- farm  for  the  town.  1858,  June  7,  the  vote  stood:  For  the 
prohibitory  law  of  1858,  146  votes;  for  the  license  law  of  1856,  none.  1860,  September  10, 
for  governor,  Israel  Washburn,  Jr,  had  162  votes,  Ephraira  K.  Smart  117,  Phineas  Barnes,  3. 

1863,  January  16,  Robert  S.  EUms  was  designated  at  a  meeting  called  for  that  purpose 
for  appointment  as  postmaster  at  Greene.  1865,  April  12,  voted  to  raise  $6,000,  to  pay  in 
part  the  debt  of  the  town.  1868,  March  23,  voted  that  school  districts  be  allowed  to 
choose  their  own  school  agents.  1869,  April,  it  was  voted  to"  revoke  the  liquor  agent's 
license  and  return  the  liquors  now  on  hand  to  the  state  liquor  agency  within  five  days. 
1871,  March  20,  the  school  agents  were  authorized  to  employ  teachers  in  their  respective 
districts.  1872,  August  20,  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  appoint  a  liquor  agent  for 
ensuing  year,  and  it  was  voted  that  the  liquor  agent  should  be  allowed  to  make  sales  of 
liquors  for  medical  purposes  only  upon  prescription  or  certificate  of  some  regular  physician, 
and  should  preserve  all  certificates  on  which  he  made  sales  and  exhibit  the  same  as 
vouchers  on  the  settlement  of  his  accounts.  1873,  January  18,  voted  to  exempt  from 
taxation  for  the  term  of  ten  years  any  property  which  might  be  invested  for  the  purpose  of 
manufacturing  in  the  town.  March  17,  voted  to  raise  $150  for  a  free  high  school  and  to 
leave  the  matter  of  locating  and  conducting  said  school  in  the  hands  of  the  superintending 
school  committee.  September  8,  for  governor,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  had  81  votes,  Joseph 
Titcomb  71,  and  Joseph  H.  Williams  4. 

1874,  September  14,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  had  80  votes  fbr  governor,  and  Joseph  Titcomb 
68.  1875,  January  22,  Augustus  Sprague  was  chosen  agent,  to  oppose  the  annexation  of  a 
portion  of  the  tow^i  to  Lewiston.  1878,  April  3,  the  selectmen  and  treasurer  were  authorized 
to  fund  the  town  debt  for  $8,000  at  four  per  cent.,  to  be  paid  $1,000  per  year  after  five 
years.  September  9,  for  governor,  Joseph  L.  Smith  had  104  votes,  Selden  Connor  90,  and 
Alonzo  Garcelon  32.     1879,  September  8,  for  governor,  Joseph  L.  Smith  102  votes,  Daniel 


510  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


F.  Davis  98,  Alonzo  Garcelon  43,  S.  D.  Greenlief  7.  1880,  September  ]3,  for  governor, 
Harris  M.  Plaisted  155,  and  Daniel  F.  Davis  124.  1887  voted  C.  S.  Stetson  supervisor  of 
schools  instead  of  a  school  committee.  1888,  March  12,  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
make  all  necessary  arrangements  for  a  centennial  anniversary.  1890,  September  8,  for 
governor,  Edwin  C.  Burleigh  had  85  votes,  William  P.  Thompson  63,  Aaron  Clark  6,  Isaac 
K.  Clark  1.  1891,  March  9,  it  was  voted  to  abolish  the  district  system.  Appropriations: 
Highways,  $500  in  money  and  $1,600  in  labor;  schools,  $800;  purchase  of  school  books, 
$100;  current  expenses,  $800;  payment  on  debt  and  interest,  $100;  observance  of 
Memorial  Day,  $15. 

Early  Action  Concerning  Schools.  — 1790,  October  4,  John  Larrabee,  William  Sprague, 
and  Joseph  Herrick  were  chosen  a  committee  to  define  the  limits  of  the  school  districts. 
1791,  April  4,  voted  £12  for  schools,  the  tax  to  be  paid  in  produce — wheat,  six  shillings  a 
bushel,  rye,  six  shillings,  Indian  corn,  four  shiUiugs.  1793,  £20  were  voted  for  the  support 
of  schools.  1794,  April  7,  voted  to  raise  £30  for  schools,  and  Lemuel  Corains,  Jacob 
Eams,  Asa  Kolfe,  Sen.,  Solomon  Bates,  Sen.,  John  Larrabee,  William  Mower,  Jesse  Coburn, 
and  Jabez  Bates  were  chosen  school  committee.  1796,  April  4,  voted  to  raise  £15  for 
schools.  1797,  April  3,  £40  were  voted  for  schools.  1798  voted  $200  for  schools.  1799, 
April  1,  the  school  districts  were  arranged  as  follows:  First  district  beginning  at  the  south- 
erly corner  of  the  town,  and  on  the  Post  Road  as  far  as  John  Pettengill's,  taking  the  two 
roads  which  lead,  one  by  Captain  Daggett's,  the  other  by  Benjamin  Merrill's  as  far  to  the 
north  as  Samuel  Tolbut's;  second,  beginning  at  Asa  Eose's,  Jr,  taking  all  the  mountain, 
so  called,  and  to  the  northwesterly  corner  of  the  town,  thence  easterly  as  far  as  Cyrus 
Deane's,  taking  in  Abiathar  Richmond,  John  Caswell,  and  John  Walker,  etc.;  third, 
beginning  at  Joseph  Dunham's  on  the  road  to  Benjamin  Parker's,  thence  taking  the  north- 
easterly road  to  Amaziah  Reed's,  inclusively;  fourth,  containing  all  the  other  inhabitants 
of  the  town.  .$200  was  raised  for  schools,  Lemuel  Comins,  John  Larrabee,  Benjamin 
Alden,  William  Sprague  were  chosen  school  committee,  and  directed  to  collect  the  school 
tax.  1801,  April  6,  $333.33  raised  for  schools.  The  school  committee  for  1802  were 
Benjamin  Thomas,  Thomas  Stevens,  Simeon  Rose,  Moses  Harris,  Zebedee  Shaw,  Barthol- 
omew Coburn,  Cyrus  Dean,  David  Littlefield,  Phillip  Judkins,  Samuel  Bates,  Ammi  R. 
Cutter.  Voted  to  raise  $250  for  schools.  1803,  April  4,  voted  to  choose  two  persons  out  of 
each  school  district  for  a  committee  to  district  the  town  anew.  Chose  Benjamin  Merrill,  3d, 
Freeman  Landers,  Captain  John  Daggett,  Simon  Wheeler,  Jacob  Eams,  Aruna  Briggs, 
Jarius  Phillips,  Benjamin  Alden,  Joseph  Dunham,  Solomon  Bates,  Cyrus  Dean,  John 
Caswell,  Seth  Barden,  Luther  Robbins,  William  Sprague,  James  Wesson,  Ammi  R.  Cutter, 
John  Mower,  Captain  Joseph  Herrick,  Jesse  Coburn,  James  Peary,  and  Eliakim  Hatch,  for 
said  committee.  1804  voted  to  raise  $400  for  schools.  1805,  April  1,  voted  that  the  stake 
set  up  by  the  selectmen  on  the  pitch  of  the  hill  on  Eli  Herrick's  ground,  be  the  place  to 
build  a  school-house  in  the  fifth  district.  1808,  April  4,  $500  voted  for  schools.  1809  a 
meeting  of  school  district  No.  7  was  called  for  January  22,  to  see  what  sum  the  district 
would  raise  to  build  a  school-house.  In  1817,  the  towm  "voted  to  choose  three  committee- 
men to  examine  the  schoolmasters,"  and  Elijah  Barrell,  Dr  Ammi  R.  Cutter,  and  Nathaniel 
Herrick  were  chosen  "committeemen,"  and  these  were  active  many  years. 


Town  of  Greene.  511 


CHAPTER  XXVJII. 

Settlers  and  Descendants. 

SETTLERS  AND  DESCENDANTS.— i>mc-ow  Lemuel  Cmnmhu/^'  was, 
probably,  the  third  person  to  make  his  home  in  the  wilderness  of  Greene. 
He  came  from  North  Yarmouth,  but  was  a  native  of  Charlton,  Mass., 
coming  to  Maine  in  1775.  Deacon  Cummings  was  the  first  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church,  and,  when  the  society  was  without  a  pastor,  he  was  the 
acknowledged  leader  in  the  religious  services.  His  house  was  one  of  the  first 
framed  houses  built  in  town.  He  settled  in  the  same  neighborhood  with 
Captain  Daggett.  Two  of  his  sons,  Lemuel  and  Peter,  were  deacons.  Rev. 
Silas  S.  Cummings,  born  May  22,  1814,  graduated  from  Kent's  Hill  Seminary 
in  1839,  and,  in  1840,  became  a  clergyman  and  joined  the  Maine  Conference  of 
the  M.  E.  church,  and,  until  he  was  commissioned  chaplain  of  the  Fourth  R.  I. 
Regiment,  in  January,  1863,  preached  in  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massachu- 
setts, and  Rhode  Island.  After  serving  as  chaplain  he  was  employed  in  the 
Christian  Commission,  and  July  1,  1868,  was  appointed  missionary  agent  of  the 
Baldwin  Place  Home  for  Little  Wanderers  in  Boston,  and  began  a  career  of 
usefulness  in  connection  with  that  institution  which  is  notj^et  ended. 

Thoinm  Taylor  resided  near  the  center  for  a  time,  but  exchanged  his  real 
estate  with  Joseph  Herrick,  who  moved  from  Boxford,  Mass.,  to  Lewiston  in 
1772,  came  to  Greene  in  1780;  married  Mercie  Preston,  of  Wilmington, 
October,  1775;  she  died  August  16, 1820,  and  lie  in  September.  She  was  a 
woman  of  strong  intellect.  Her  sons  inherited  her  mental  force,  and  as  a 
family  were  unequaled  for  scholarship  and  business  capacit}^  by  any  in  town. 
Of  the  sons.  General  Jedediah  settled  in  Hampden;  Joseph  in  Harmony; 
Samuel  emigrated  to  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  died  in  New  Orleans.  Natlianiel, 
Seth,  and  Henry  settled  in  Greene.  The  daughter,  Betsey,  became  the  wife  of 
Caleb  Bates,  of  Greene.  UU  and  Samuel  Herrlek,  twin  brothers,  came  from 
Methuen,  Mass.,  in  1780.  Eli  died  in  1813.  Samuel  moved  to  Leeds,  and 
died  in  1844. 

The  Larrabee  Family,  from  Yarmouth,  settled  between  the  center  and  west 
part  of  the  town.  Deacon  John  Larrabee,  one  of  the  first  selectmen,  filled  the 
office  several  years,  and  was  a  joiner  by  trade.  He  had  four  sons  and  six 
daughters.     Nathaniel  married  Penelope  House,  of  Turner,  lived  several  years 

1  The  name  Cummings  was  originally  De  Comines,  the  family  having  been  domiciled  iu  France. 


512  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


ill  town,  moved  to  Parkniaii,  where  lie  died,  aged  83  years.  John  married 
Cynthia  Mower,  lived  on  the  homestead,  and  died  at  84.  Josiah  married 
Lurina  Phillips.  He  died  in  Auburn  aged  80.  Ammi,  the  youngest,  died  at 
the  age  of  70.  Sarah  married  Rev.  Phineas  Pillsbury;  Phebe,  Alpheus  Drake, 
of  Minot;  Mary,  Benjamin  Parker,  of  Greene  Corner;  Hannah,  William 
Parker,  brother  of  Benjamin;  Margaret,  Thaddeus  Sawyer;  Deborah  married 
Isaiah  Coburn.  Deacon  John  Larrabee  died  of  the  cold  fever  in  181G.  He 
was  eminent  for  piety.  Stephen  Larrahee^  brother  of  Deacon  John,  had  five 
sons  and  four  daughters.  Samuel,  William,  and  Jeremiah  married  daughters 
of  Samuel  Mower.  Samuel  lived  several  years  on  the  homestead,  moved  to 
Leeds,  and  died  aged  82.  William  settled  first  in  New  Portland,  then  moved 
to  Wisconsin.  Jeremiah  settled  in  Parkman.  One  daughter  married  Joseph 
Herrick,  Jr,  and  settled  in  Harmony.  Rhoda  married  Deacon  Daniel  Briggs, 
of  Minot;  Polly  married  a  Mr  Waterman  of  Minot;  Susanna  lived  in  Leeds. 

Benjamin  Raeldey  came  from  Yarmouth  when  the  Larrabees  did,  and  settled 
on  a  farm  adjoining  Deacon  Larrabee's,  who  was  a  brother  to  his  wife.  He  had 
four  sons,  Benjamin,  Samuel,  Stephen,  and  one  that  died  young.  Benjamin's 
farm  joined  Deacon  Larrabee's,  being  the  one  where  William  M.  Longley  now 
lives.  He  died  at  about  75.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Jairus  Phillips.  He 
was  the  father  of  B.  Phillips  Rackley,  one  of  our  best  farmers,  who  lived  near 
Greene  Corner,  where  the  old  stage  driver,  Thomas  Longley,  lived.  Samuel 
lived  on  the  home  farm  till  his  death,  at  28.  Stephen  settled  in  Leeds,  was 
several  years  in  trade,  and  accumulated  a  good  property.  One  of  the 
daughters.  Temperance,  married  William  Mower;  Mary  married  Zebedee 
Shaw;  another  married  a  Mr  Deane,  of  Leeds;  the  other,  Asa  Barden.  Ahner 
Brown  settled  on  the  next  lot  to  Benjamin  Rackley.  His  sons  were  Samuel, 
married  Elizabeth  Mower;  Benjamin,  married  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Stevens; 
Moses,  Ambrose,  and  Abner. 

William  Coburn  came  from  Dracut,  Mass.,  about  1783,  with  his  sons,  Jesse, 
Eliphalet,  Joshua,  William,  and  Joel.  Joshua  subsequently  moved  to  Park- 
man,  and  Joel  to  Lagrange.  Eliphalet  died  aged  55,  William  not  long  after, 
and  Deacon  Jesse  at  83.  All  were  men  of  piety.  Isaiah,  oldest  son  of  Jesse, 
lived  on  what  was  known  as  the  Key  farm,  near  Keene's  Corner;  Jesse,  the 
second  son,  at  Barkerville,  Lewiston.  Deacon  Jesse  Coburn  was  born  in 
Dracut,  Mass.,  in  March,  1765 ;  he  came  to  Greene  when  18  years  old,  and 
resided  here  until  his  death,  December  18,  1847.  He  was  for  many  years 
deacon  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  was  much  esteemed.  His  youngest  son, 
Calvin  S.,  was  born  in  Greene,  September  1,  1813,  on  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives,  and  has  been  an  agriculturist.  He  married  Mary  Keay,  of  Wolf- 
borough,  N.  H.  Their  son,  Henry  Harrison  Coburn,  was  born  in  Greene, 
November  5, 1839,  was  educated  at  common  schools  and  Maine  State  Seminary. 
He  married  Charlotte  E.  Robinson,  and  has  children,  Mary  L.,  Benjamin  A., 


Town  of  Greene.  513 


and  Reid  R.  Mi-  Coburn  enlisted  in  the  2d  D.  C.  Inf.  Regt.  (President's 
Guard),  in  May,  18(32,  and  served  three  years.  He  is  a  Baptist,  a  deacon  of 
the  church,  a  Republican,  a  member  of  the  G.  A.^R.  and  I.  O.  G.  T.,  and  is  now 
serving  his  fifth  year  as  selectman.  He  is  a  farmer,  and  the  place  were  the 
Coburn's  settled,  which  has  since  been  known  as  Coburn  Corner,  and  the  farm 
on  which  William  Coburn  located,  has  never  passed  out  of  the  name,  and  is 
now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  Simeon  Coburn. 

John  Mower  (born  in  1758)  with  wife,  Elizabeth  Edwards  (a  relation  of  the 
celebrated  Jonathan  Edwards)  came  from  Charlton,  Mass.,  about  1786,  and 
moved  into  a  temporary  shelter  and  commenced  clearing  the  forest  where  his 
grandson,  Wilbur  F.  Mower,  now  lives,  and  in  a  few  years  by  industry  and  tact 
had  quite  a  clearing.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  constitution,  and  understood 
the  art  of  planning  his  work.  His  wife  was  willing  and  able  to  assist  in  this 
pioneer  life,  and  with  all  the  characteristic  qualities  of  her  family,  which  her 
children  no  doubt  inherited,  she  was  a  most  valuable  acquisition  to  the  young 
settlement.  Mr  Mower  died  aged  94  years  and  10  months.  They  had  seven 
sons  and  four  daughters.  The  oldest  son,  John,  known  for  25  years  as  Master 
Mower,  was  educated  at  Hebron  Academy  and  was  one  of  the  first  school 
teachers  born  in  town.  He  is  remembered  for  his  social  and  friendly  habits 
and  as  a  peacemaker.  He  was  also  a  farmer.  He  married  Mehitable  Andrews 
(who  died  December  1,  1873),  and  died  November  29,  1829,  aged  nearly  47 
years.  Jabez,  the  second  son,  went  to  Vermont  in  1811  to  settle  on  land  given 
his  father  by  John  Mower,  of  Maiden,  Mass.  He  was  18  months  in  the  War 
of  1812,  and  later  was  colonel  of  the  militia.  He  died  in  Vermont  in  1870,  aged 
83.  The  thii-d  son  was  Martin,  who  ultimately  settled  in  Bangor,  cleared  a 
large  farm,  ke[)t  tavern  several  years,  and  built  a  meeting-honse  and  parsonage 
on  his  own  land.  Leonard,  another  son,  born  in  1794,  was  educated  at  Farm- 
ington  Academy  and  was  a  farmer.  He  served  as  selectman,  was  drum-major, 
and  a  trial  justice  for  many  years,  and  proved  his  ability.  He  married  Lydia 
Robbins,  who  died  at  the  age  of  94.  He  died  aged  82.  Calvin,  Oliver,  and 
Josiah  settled  in  Greene,  as  farmers.  Josiah  moved  to  Barkerville  (Lewiston), 
and  died  in  18G9.  Oliver  Mower  was  born  February  19,  1802,  and  has  been  a 
farmer,  school  teacher,  justice  of  the  peace,  selectman,  and  was  an  ensign  in  the 
militia.  He  married  Harriet  H.  Robinson,  who  died  aged  67.  Their  children 
were  Lowell  M.,  Wilbur  F.,  Francis  O.,  a  graduate  of  Bates,  now  teaching  in 
California;  Seward  P.  (dec.)  ;  Julia, "married  V.  H.  Sprague ;  and  Harriet, 
married  Gecn-ge  Rowell.  Mr  Mower  has  been  a  worthy  citizen.  He  was  one 
of  the  members  at  the  reorganization  of  the  Free  Baptist  church,  its  clerk  for 
thirty  years,  and  has  been  deacon.  In  1872  he  wrote  an  historical  sketch  of 
Greene  for  the  Atlas  of  Androscoggin  county,  from  which  we  have  obtained 
much  of  value.  Lowell  Mason  Moiver  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Free 
Baptist  church  and  succeeded  his  father  as  church  clerk,  and  has  been  chorister 


514  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


for  35  years.  He  married  Mary  Clark  Small,  of  Limington,  and  has  two  sons, 
Walter  Lindley  and  Charles  Mason.  Wilbur  F.  Moiver  was  born  in  Greene, 
December  23,  1841.  He  was  educated  at  common  schools  and  Lewiston  Falls 
Academy,  and  has  been  a  school  teacher  and  farmer.  He  served  in  the  Civil 
War  from  July,  1862,  until  its  close,  as  private,  corporal,  sergeant,  color- 
bearer,  orderly  sergeant,  and  lieutenant  in  Company  I,  Sixteenth  Maine.  He 
was  twice  wounded  and  twice  taken  prisoner,  and  always  showed  the  gallantry 
and  courage  of  a  true  soldier.  Mr  Mower  is  a  Republican,  a  Baptist,  a  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  an  Odd  Fellow,  is  an  industrious  and  worthy  citizen,  and 
stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  his  townsmen.  He  married  Esther  A.  Longley 
in  1878;  their  children  are  Seward  F.,  George  L.,  and  L.  Blaine.  Galvin 
Moiver,  fifth  son  of  John  Mower,  was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  knowledge. 
He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  taught  school  and  music,  and  was  somewhat  of 
a  chemist.  He  was  the  father  of  Melville  C.  Mower,  who  with  Sanford  Mower 
and  George  Norris  did  the  first  work  in  Greene  on  the  railroad.  The  daughters 
of  John  Mower,  the  pioneer,  were  Betsey  (married  Samuel  Brown),  Pamelia 
(married  Ireson  Parker),  Jemima  (married  Samuel  Ranlett,  of  Monmouth), 
now  94  years  old,  resides  with  L.  M.  Mower,  and  is  the  oldest  person  in 
town,  retaining  her  faculties  to  a  wonderful  degree,  Cynthia  (married  John 
Larrabee). 

John  O.  Moiver,  son  of  John  Mower,  Jr,  was  born  in  Greene,  April  19, 
1820,  and  became  a  farmer.  He  married  Julia  A.  Libby  in  1842.  Their 
children  are  Leonard  C.  (dec),  Wallace  W.,  Emeline  L.  (dec),  Clara  S. 
(dec).  Mr  Mower  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  society,  and  a  Republican.  He 
was  the  first  man  in  town  to  mulch  fruit  trees  and  introduce  the  system  of 
scientific  orcharding  that  has  become  such  a  source  of  revenue.  In  this 
department  he  is  an  artist  as  well  as  an  artisan.  As  a  citizen  he  stands  in  the 
front  rank.  Alfred  P.  Mower,  brother  of  John  C,  was  born  in  Greene,  June 
17,  1824,  and  is  a  farmer  and  orchardist.  He  married  Elizabeth  G.  Smith. 
Their  son,  Alfred  A.,  was  born  August  10,  1800,  and  is  a  farmer  on  the  home 
farm  with  his  father.  They  devote  time  and  labor  to  the  improvement  of  their 
orchards  and  raise  fine  fruit.     Mr  Mower  is  a  Baptist  and  a  Republican. 

Frank  N.  Mower,  son  of  Leonard  and  Lydia  (Robbins)  Mower,  was  born 
June  5,  1832.  He  is  a  mechanic  and  land  surveyor.  He  has  been  selectman 
several  years,  town  clerk  and  treasurer,  and  is  a  trial  justice.  He  married 
Helen  O.  Shaw,  January  11,  1857.  Their  daughter,  Carrie  Linwood,  died 
April  1,  1881,  aged  21  years  and  4  months.  Mr  Mower  attends  the  Baptist 
church,  and  politically  believes 

"For  forms  of  government  let  fools  contest, 
What'er  is  best  administered  is  best." 

Everett  L.  Mower,  the  oldest  merchant  at  the  Depot,  was  born  in  Greene, 
April  14,  1838,  and  was  the  son    of   Leonard  and  Lydia  (Robbins)  Mower. 


Town  of  Greene.  515 


Mr  Mower  established  himself  in  the  grocery  business  at  the  Depot  in  1861. 
He  was  postmaster  from  1863  to  1886,  and  was  again  appointed  in  1889.  He 
was  selectman  in  1877  and  1878,  and  town  treasurer  in  1889.  Mr  Mower  has 
always  been  an  ardent  Republican,  and  in  religion  he  is  a  Baptist.  He  married 
February  1,  1863,  Julia  Alexander. 

JonatJimi  Motver,  elder  brother  of  John,  Sen.,  came  from  Charlton,  Mass., 
with  his  brother,  and  settled  on  an  adjoining  farm.  He  had  three  sons  and 
two  daughters,  and  died  in  1841,  aged  83.  William,  his  oldest  son,  lived  in 
Farmington,  Jay,  and  Temple,  where  he  died  at  82.  Jonathan,  Jr,  settled  in 
Turner,  where  his  sons,  Harrison  and  Albion  K.  P.  settled  and  became  enter- 
prising farmers.     He  died  in  1862.     Peter  S.,  the  third  son,  settled  in  Jay. 

Thomas  Stevens  and  wife,  Esther  Tucker,  moved  from  Charlton,  Mass.,  in 
1786,  and  settled  in  the  west  part  of  the  town.  He  was  an  energetic  and  suc- 
cessful farmer.  Mr  Stevens,  his  wife,  and  a  grandchild  lost  their  lives  by  the 
burning  of  their  house.  His  son  John  moved  away;  Aaron  and  Benjamin 
settled  in  town  ;  Benjamin  subsequently  moved  to  Auburn.  Thomas,  grand- 
son of  Thomas,  located  at  Fogg's  Corner.  Jacob,  brotiier  of  Thomas,  came 
from  Charlton,  married  Martha  Pettengill,  of  Lewiston,  located  on  the  farm 
near  his  brother.  He  was  a  man  of  endurance  and  activity,  and  accumulated  a 
handsome  property.  He  died  in  1844.  He  had  three  sons:  Jacob,  who  settled 
on  a  farm  adjoining  his  father;  John,  who  later  moved  to  New  Jersey,  and 
Lora  B. 

Be7ijamm  Alden,  a  descendant  of  John  Alden,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers. 
He  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  having  served  in  the  Revolution,  came  to 
this  town  soon  after  its  close.  He  located  on  lot  241,  afterwards  occupied  by 
Lewis  Gilbert,  who  married  his  daughter  Eunice.  Beside  the  land  owned  by 
him  in  Greene,  he  bought  and  cleared  extensive  tracts  in  Turner  near  Keen's 
Mills.  To  each  of  his  four  sons  he  gave  a  valuable  farm.  He  was  a  black- 
smith and  followed  the  business  in  connection  with  his  clearing  and  farming. 
He  belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  was  in  good  standing  among  his  fellow- 
townsmen,  and  served  as  selectman  sixteen  years ;  and  when  he  died,  at  the 
age  of  84,  it  was  said  that  he  never  had  an  enemy. 

Luther  Rohhins  came  from  Hanover,  Mass.,  about  1788,  and  settled  first  in 
the  northeasterly  part,  and  later  at  Greene  Corner.  He  was  a  very  indus- 
trious, ready,  and  accurate  business  man.  He  was  selectman,  town  clerk, 
representative  to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  several  years,  and  post- 
master, holding  each  office  many  years  and  with  fidelity  and  ability.  He  was 
proverbial  for  honesty  and  generosity.  His  sons  were  :  Natiianiel,  settled  first 
in  Winthrop,  then  Greene,  next  in  Bangor,  and  then  in  the  West,  and  possessed 
the  valuable  traits  of  the  father ;  Charles,  in  earlj^  life  a  cabinet  maker,  lived 
in  Winthrop,  and  afterwards  in  Greene,  was  an  autlior  and  composer  of  several 
pieces  of  music;  Luther,  Jr,  a  very  ingenious   mechanic,  was  first  deacon  of 


516  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


the  Free  Baptist  church  in  Greene,  and  spent  most  of  his  life  in  town,  but 
died  in  Skowhegan;  Reuben  settled  in  Greene,  was  a  good  farmer,  and  the 
father  of  John  M.  Robbins,  who  has  been  very  successful  in  business,  is  a 
shrewd  and  careful  financier,  and  is  prominent  in  banking  circles  in  Lewiston, 
where  he  resides.  He  is  president  of  Manufacturers  National  Bank;  Martin 
was  drowned  in  Sprague's  mill-stream  at  the  age  of  14;  Calvin,  the  youngest, 
established  himself  in  trade  in  Bangor.  The  daughters  were  Nancy,  Betsey, 
who  married  Dr  Alfred  Pierce,  and  Lydia,  who  married  Leonard  Mower,  Esq. 

Harrison  Rose,  son  of  Bradford  and  Mercy  (Keene)  Rose,  was  born  in 
Greene  in  1815.  Bradford  Rose  was  born  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  and  came  to 
Greene  in  1789.  He  located  on  lot  213,  on  the  Androscoggin.  His  wife, 
daughter  of  John  and  Jerusha  (Blake)  Keene  was  also  born  in  Taunton,  and 
came  when  very  young,  in  June,  1777,  witli  her  father's  family,  to  Turner. 
The  land  journey  was  made  in  an  ox-wagon,  with  a  horse  hitched  behind. 
June  8,  1800,  Bradford  Rose  and  Mercy  Keene  were  married.  Their  cliildren 
were  Jane,  Alden,  Rebecca,  Mercy,  Polly,  John,  Roxania,  Emerson,  and  Harri- 
son. Harrison  Rose  has  been  one  of  the  representative  farmers  of  Greene. 
He  married  Lottie  F.  Gould,  and  his  residence,  Maplewood  Farm,  is  one  of  the 
pleasant  homes  of  the  town.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  a  Universalist  in 
religion,  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen  for  several  years,  and  a 
member  of  the  legislature  in  1861.  He  was  in  early  life  interested  in  military 
matters,  was  captain  in  the  militia,  and  served  in  the  bloodless  Aroostook  war. 
Simeon  Rose  came  from  Taunton  about  1790,  and  settled  in  the  northwest  part 
of  the  town,  and  had  seven  children.  Simeon  and  Ginefill  lived  and  died  in 
Greene.  Hazael  lived  in  Leeds,  and  Humphrey  moved  to  Turner.  Alanson 
and  Solomon,  grandchildren  of  Simeon,  Sen.,  subsequently  occupied  the  farm 
where  he  settled. 

John  Allen,  a  native  of  Pembroke,  Mass.,  born  in  1760,  emigrated  to  Turner 
about  1786,  and  was  the  first  collector  of  the  town.  He  had  been  a  soldier  in 
the  Revolution.  In  1790  he  moved  to  Greene  and  settled  on  lot  207  on  Clark's 
mountain.  He  died  in  1834,  aged  74.  His  mother  was  cousin  of  President 
John  Adams.  His  children  were  John  and  Jairus,  who  lived  in  Turner, 
Thomas  in  Freeman,  Gains  went  to  Vermont,  Isaac  to  Auburn,  Ichabod  died 
when  28,  Sewall  died  when  19,  Benjamin  resided  on  the  farm  adjoining  his 
father,  and  was  born  March  17, 1797,  and  died  July  7, 1884.  He  was  selectman 
and  assessor  for  many  years,  representative  several  years,  and  was  captain  in 
the  miUtia.  He  married  Mira  Blake,  of  Turner.  She  died  in  1872,  aged  69. 
They  had  two  sons  and  seven  daughters.  Sewall,  the  eldest,  studied  medicine, 
married  Lovisa  Additon ;  Benjamin  E.  lives  on  the  homstead;  Charlotte  married 
Captain  George  T.  Howe;  Cynthia  married  Duane  Mower;  Lydia  B.;  Fannie 
married  Dr  Lewis  Beal;  Louisa  A.,  married  John  M.  Robbins,  of  Lewiston: 
Sabrina;    Myra  D.  married  David  Libby.     Benjamin  Uvans  Allen  was  born 


Town  of  Greene.  517 


in  Greene,  July  9,  1842;  he  married  Lucinda  R.,  daughter  of  Andrew  J. 
Harris,  in  1884.  He  is  a  Universalist  and  a  Democrat,  a  member  of  the  Grange, 
and  tills  the  ancestral  acres. 

Ulisha  Keen  about  1790  settled  on  a  farm  on  the  river.  He  had  seven  sons 
and  six  daughters.  Elisha  and  Lincoln  lived  in  Auburn,  John  at  Keen's 
Corner,  Samuel  and  Blake  in  Turner,  Abiathar  in  Leeds.  S.  W.  Mitchell 
married  a  daughter  and  occupied  the  old  homestead. 

William  Saioyer  came  from  Wells  about  1791,  arriving,  as  he  informed  Oliver 
Mower,  at  evening  with  his  wife  and  money  enough  to  buy  a  gallon  of 
molasses  and  a  pound  of  tea.  The  next  morning  he  purchased  on  credit  of 
Jacob  Stevens  a  bushel  of  corn  and  a  piece  of  pork.  The  corn  he  took  upon 
his  shoulder  and  carried  some  six  or  eight  miles  to  mill.  With  his  bushel  of 
meal,  piece  of  pork,  gallon  of  molasses,  and  pound  of  tea,  he  began  house- 
keeping. From  this  modest  beginning  he  became  an  independent  farmer.  His 
son,  Captain  Thaddeus  Sawyer,  who  inherited  his  property,  was  a  very  intelli- 
gent jnan.  Nathaniel  L.  Saivyer,  son  of  Captain  Thaddeus  Sawyer,  was  born 
in  Greene  about  1815,  and  was  graduated  from  Bowdoin  in  1838.  His  natural 
abilities  were  of  a  very  high  order,  and  as  a  writer  of  prose  and  poetry 
he  exhibited  great  originality,  strength  of  thought,  and  vigor  of  style.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Kennebec  bar,  and  practiced  law  a  short  time  in  Gardiner. 
He  died  of  consumption  in  Greene  in  1845.  John  E.  Sawyer^  son  of  Captain 
Sawyer,  has  been  a  farmer  in  Greene.  It  is  through  his  efforts  that  we  are 
enabled  to  give  so  full  a  history  of  the  Calvinist  Baptist  church. 

Zehedee  Shaw  came  from  Middleborongh,  Mass.,  about  1790,  with  his 
parents,  and  located  on  lot  176,  cleared  his  farm  and  made  his  home.  He  was 
one  of  the  early  selectmen  and  held  many  town  offices.  He  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Rackley.  Their  son,  Samuel,  was  born  December  16, 
1800,  and  died  February  22,  1868.  Samuel  was  a  farmer  and  carpenter.  His 
son,  Roscoe  V.  Shaw,  born  March  27,  1831,  married  Emma  Deane.  Mr  Shaw 
was  a  farmer  on  the  home  farm.  He  died  May  26,  1881.  Truman  M.  jShaw, 
son  of  Roscoe  V.  and  Emma  (Deane)  Shaw,  was  born  in  Greene,  November 
14,  1866,  and  educated  in  Greene  and  Lewiston.  He  married,  September  27, 
1887,  Annie  S.  Additon  ;  he  is  a  Methodist  and  a  Republican,  and  occupies 
and  conducts  the  farm  where  his  ancestors  settled  a  century  ago. 

The  Harris  brothers,  John,  Silas,  Moses,  and  Barron,  came  to  Greene  prior 
to  1795.  They  were  sons  of  Lawrence  J.  Harris.  [See  history  of  Lewiston.] 
Johi  had  three  sons :  John ;  Joseph,  who  was  a  seafaring  man,  and  married 
Cynthia  Record;  Jedediah,  who  went  West.  Silas  had  five  sons:  Nathaniel, 
a  popular  school  teacher,  a  farmer,  and  merchant;  he  died  in  Greene;  Silas, 
William,  Aretas,  and  Josiah.  Moses  Little  Harris,  born  December  25,  1772, 
was  a  man  of  great  business  ability.  In  connection  with  farming,  he  had  a 
tannery,  manufactured   harnesses,  and  kept  goods  for  sale,  acquired  wealth, 


518  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  died  December  1,  1820.  He  was  captain  of  the  militia.  He  married 
Rachel  Hooper,  who  died  March  18, 18G9,  aged  95  years.  They  had  four  sons: 
David  H.,  Moses,  Henry  S.  (he  married  a  daughter  of  David  Thompson;  their 
three  .daughters  were  fine  school  teachers),  Andrew  J. 

Captain  Andrew  Jackson  Harris,  son  of  Moses  L.  and  Rachel  (Hooper) 
Harris,  was  born  in  Greene,  January  22,  1815.  He  was  educated  at  Greene 
and  Lewiston,  and  resides  on  the  extensive  homestead  farm.  He  married, 
December  18,  1840,  Lucy  Ann  Greenwood,  a  member  of  the  celebrated  family 
to  which  belonged  Rev.  Dr  Greenwood,  once  the  pastor  and  noted  preacher  of 
King's  Chapel,  Boston.  Mr  Harris  is  of  the  famous  Judge  Story  line.  Their 
children  are  Lucinda  R.  (married  Benjamin  Evans  Allen),  Rev.  Moses  H., 
Greenwood  (a  farmer),  and  Andrew  Jackson  (a  carpenter  and  shoemaker). 
Captain  Harris  has  been  selectman  of  Greene,  and  captain  of  militia  for  many 
years.  He  attends  the  Universalist  church,  is  Democratic  in  his  political  views, 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Rev.  Moses  H.  Harris,  A.M.,  D.I).,  was  born  in  Greene,  May  14,  1845. 
He  fitted  for  college  at  Edward  Little  Institute,  Auburn,  and  engaged  in 
merchandising  in  Lewiston  with  success.  He  was  an  original  member  of  the 
Bates  Street  Universalist  church  of  Lewiston,  and  was  baptized  by  immersion 
in  the  Androscoggin  river  —  the  first  of  this  faith  in  Lewiston  to  receive  the 
rite  in  this  form.  He  then  prepared  himself  for  the  ministry,  graduating  with 
honors  in  1870  at  St  Lawrence  University,  Canton,  N.  Y.,  and,  July  3,  1870, 
became  pastor  of  the  First  LTniversalist  church  of  Brattleboro,  Vt.  He 
organized  churches  in  various  places  in  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire,  for 
eight  years  was  secretary  of  the  state  convention,  and  his  successful  labors 
wrought  a  marvelous  change  for  good  in  the  church  work  of  the  state.  During 
his  pastorate,  which  ended  in  1879,  he  received  337  members.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  first  Universalist  church  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  October  5,  1879. 
Here  he  built  up  one  of  the  largest  congregations  and  Sunday  schools  of  his 
denomination,  cleared  off  a  church  debt  of  |28,000,  and,  in  1884,  as  an  off-shoot 
of  his  society,  formed  the  Second  (All  Souls)  church,  with  a  church  edifice 
built  and  paid  for.  Li  1888  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  a  New  York 
college.  In  1890  he  received  a  unanimous  call  to  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer 
in  Chicago,  111.,  and  commenced  his  labors  there  May  4,  1890.  In  June,  1891, 
St  Lawrence  University  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  Dr  Harris 
was  trustee  and  director  of  the  Universalist  Piiblishing  House,  Boston,  from 
1871  to  1881  ;  member  of  the  executive  board  of  Massachusetts  Universalist 
State  Convention  eight  years ;  trustee  of  Dean  Academy  (Franklin,  Mass.) 
eight  years;  and  was  on  the  Board  of  Visitors  of  Tufts  Divinity  School.  He 
is  a  prominent  Free  Mason  and  an  Odd  Fellow.  He  married  in  1871  Zelia  E., 
daughter  of  Ambrose  Willson,  of  Canton,  N.  Y.;  she  is  a  graduate  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Letters  and  Sciences  and  of  a  French  college  in  Montreal.     Few  men 


Town  of  Greene.  519 


of  his  years  can  show  such  results  from  their  labors.  He  stands  very  high 
in  his  denomination. 

Daniel  Wllkins  came  from  Dracut,  Mass.,  about  1702,  and  located  in  the 
Harris  neighborhood.  He  deserved  his  prosperity  as  he  was  an  industrious 
and  frugal  farmer.  He  had  three  sons,  David,  Daniel  (who  married  a  daughter 
of  Seth  Herrick),  and  Enos,  who  succeeded  to  the  homestead  (Scott  and  Fraidc 
Wilkins  are  the  present  owners);  his  daughter  married  Eliphalet  Coburn. 
David  Wilkins  settled  on  lot  143,  and  was  a  successful  farmer,  having  his 
father's  characteristics.  He  was  called  to  his  country's  defense  in  1812,  to 
which  he  heartily  responded,  and  was  stationed  at  Bath.  His  daughter  Araxine, 
married,  February  28,  1867,  Marshall  Sawyer,  son  of  Isaac  and  Eleanor  (Wes- 
cott)  Sawyer,  of  Gorham.  Mr  Isaac  Sawyer,  born  March  22,  1794,  was  a 
soldier  in  1812,  and  stationed  at  Portland.  Marshall  Saw3^er  was  born  at 
Gorham,  February  22,  1818.  He  was  educated  at  Foxcroft  and  Charleston 
academies,  and  became  a  teacher.  He  came  to  Greene  in  1809,  and  now  owns 
and  resides  on  the  David  Wilkins  farm.  His  children  are  Alice  M.,  a  teacher 
and  book-keeper;  Edward  P.,  entry  clerk  for  Milliken  &  Co.,  Portland;  Annie 
M.,  Lyndon  W.,  John  M.,  and  Mary  E.  Mr  Sawyer  is  a  member  of  the  Con- 
gregational church  of  Garland,  and  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

John  Moulton,  the  first  of  the  family  in  Greene,  located  on  lot  102.  The 
Moultons  are  of  Norman  origin,  and  the  name  was  originally  de  Miilton.  As 
early  as  1635  several  of  the  family  emigrated  from  England  to  America.  John 
Moulton  tilled  the  land  where  he  settled  in  Greene,  and  was  an  industrious 
farmer,  and  died  at  the  age  of  86.  His  son  Joel,  born  September  27,  1809, 
followed  the  vocation  of  his  father,  mariied  Elizabeth  Given,  born  in  1810,  who 
died  aged  80;  Joel  Moulton  was  63  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Tlieir 
son,  John  W.  Moulton.,  was  born  in  Greene,  January  12,  1849,  and  has  always 
resided  in  town.  He  married  Mary  C.  Hill;  they  have  a  daughter,  Clara  Ella 
Moulton.  Mr  Moulton  is  an  agriculturist,  a  Republican,  a  Free  Baptist,  and  a 
good  and  useful  citizen. 

Tlie  Stetmns  are  descendants  of  Cornet  Robert  Stetson.  [See  sketch  of 
Professor  W.  W.  Stetson.]  Batchele.r  Stetson,  of  Hanover,  Mass.,  emigrated 
to  New  Gloucester,  and  in  1791  moved  to  Greene,  and  settled  on  the  place  now 
owned  and  occupied  by  Reuben  Stetson.  He  married  Margaret  Nash,  of  New 
Gloucester.  Their  children  were  Hannah,  Deborah,  Turner,  Caleb.  Batcheler 
Stetson  served  through  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  in  the  battle  of  Bennington 
received  a  charge  of  powder  in  his  face.  He  died  in  1825.  Turner  Stetson, 
born  in  1788,  died  in  1847.  He  married  Thankful  Lombard,  who  was  born  in 
1795  and  died  in  1848.  He  was  a  farmer,  and  lieutenant  in  the  militia.  His 
son  Reuhe7i  Stetson,  born  March  25,  1813,  followed  the  sea,  was  mate  for  six 
years,  and  is  the  only  survivor  of  the  crew  that  took  the  Stevens  exploring 
party  to  Mexico  and  Central  America.      Subsequently  he  conducted  his  farm. 


520  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


He  married  Christiana,  daughter  of  David  Thompson,  a  very  amiable  lady. 
He  is  a  Republican  and  a  Universalist.  Their  cliildren  were :  Rev.  Herbert 
Lee  Stetson,  D.D.,  born  in  Greene,  October  16,  1847.  When  16  he  attended 
Edward  Little  Institute,  Auburn,  and  later  Monmouth  Academy.  His  course 
of  study  was  interrupted  by  seasons  spent  in  teaching.  In  1868  he  entered 
Colby  University.  He  removed  to  Illinois  in  1871,  was  ordained  at  Griggs- 
ville,  September  16,  and  was  in  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  for  three  years. 
He  added  many  to  the  church,  and  through  his  instrumentality  a  meeting-house 
costing  115,000  was  built.  From  1874  until  1878  he  attended  Morgan  Park 
Theological  Seminary,  and  was  graduated  as  B.D.  He  was  then  called  to  the 
Baptist  church  of  Logansport,  Ind.,  and  remained  10  years.  He  was  an  editor  of 
the  Indiana  Baptist  five  years,  and  for  three  years  was  on  the  board  of  trustees 
of  Indiana  University.  In  1886  Dr  Stetson  was  awarded  the  degree  of  A.M., 
and  in  1888  the  degree  of  D.D.  by  Franklin  College.  He  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  in  1887,  and  subse- 
quently was  one  of  the  executive  committee  of  Des  Moines  College  and  teacher 
of  the  scriptures.  His  services  led  to  his  unanimous  election  as  president  of 
the  college  in  March,  1889,  which  was  accepted.  The  endorsements  of  his 
especial  fitness  for  the  position  were  many.  General  T.  J.  Morgan,  president 
of  the  State  Normal  School,  Providence,  R. I.,  said:  "  I  believe  Mr  Stetson  has 
many  and  peculiar  qualifications  for  the  position — good  sense,  energy,  scholar- 
ship, executive  force,  teaching  power,  and  that  which  underlies  all  else,  high 
personal  character."  The  students  recognize  in  him  a  true  friend  and  coun- 
selor, and  his  untiring  labors  for  their  interest  are  highly  appreciated.  Prof. 
W.  R.  Harper,  of  Yale,  who  had  been  closely  associated  with  him  several 
years,  wrote:  "Elect  Rev.  H.  L.  Stetson  president,  and  give  him  full  swing. 
Should  this  be  done  and  provision  made  for  the  expenses  of  the  next  three 
years,  the  institution  at  Des  Moines  within  five  years  would  stand  in  the 
front  rank  of  western  institutions."  William  Wallace  (see  Auburn).  Clement 
Skolfield,  born  June  10,  1853,  has  been  a  teacher  and  a  lawyer  in  Illinois,  and 
conducted  a  wholesale  business  in  Indiana.  Since  1884  he  has  resided  on  the 
home  farm.  James  Henrij,  born  May  27,  1855,  died  May  2,  1884.  He  was  a 
farmer  and  a  very  successful  teacher,  greatly  esteemed  and  beloved. 

Benjamin  Parker  came  from  Freeport  about  1800.  Of  his  sons,  Benjamiii 
was  an  active  business  man,  and  according  to  Oliver  Mower  was  the  originator 
of  the  business  of  Greene  Corner.  He  erected  the  house  and  barn  at  the 
Corner,  now  owned"  by  Adelbert  I.  Clark,  more  than  80  years  ago ;  he  also 
kept  tavern,  a  store,  carried  on  blacksmithing,  etc.,  and  went  West  about 
1813.  Ireson  settled  in  town.  Edivard  died  in  the  War  of  1812.  Ingerson, 
it  is  thought,  died  at  sea.  William  married  Hannah,  daughter  of  Deacon 
John  Larrabee.  The  farm  on  which  he  settled  lies  on  the  river,  and 
is  unsurpassed  for  ease  of  culture  and  productiveness.     He  had  seven  sons 


Town  of  Greene.  521 


and  four  daughters.  He  held  office  in  the  militia,  and  died  September  15, 
1850.  Ingerson,  the  oldest,  had  a  large  and  valuable  place  adjoining  the 
homestead.  Anslem  0.  was  in  trade  and  died  in  1850.  Ammi  L.  graduated 
at  Bowdoin  College  in  1838,  was  a  contractor,  died  in  Auburn  in  1883. 
William  S.  married  Mary  A.  Jack ;  he  was  killed  in  the  gale  of  July,  1870, 
while  gathering  hay.  Alfred  and  Albion  went  to  California,  where  they  passed 
many  years.  The  daughters  were  Almirn,  who  married  John  Townsend ; 
J'«W6' married  Jones  Bradbury;  3I<( r i/ marvied  Lincoln  Jack;  and  Lois,  John 
Staples.  Ingerson  Parker,  oldest  son  of  William  and  Hannah  (Larrabee) 
Parker,  was  born  October  8,  1808,  in  Greene,  and  was  educated  in  his  native 
town.  He  was  a  farmer  and  school-teacher,  served  as  selectman,  and  one  of 
the  school  committee  for  many  years.  He  married  first  Pamelia  Parker, 
second,  Ann  W.  Whitman.  He  died  February  6,  1881.  Earl  Byron  Parker, 
son  of  Ingerson  and  Pamelia  P.  Parker,  was  born  in  Greene,  March  4,  1839. 
He  was  educated  in  Greene,  Lewiston,  and  Auburn,  and  Hebron  and  Peru 
academies,  and  has  taught  30  terms  of  school.  He  is  a  farmer  and  a  lawyer, 
studied  with  Calvin  Record  in  Auburn,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  April, 
1866.  He  is  a  Baptist  and  a  Republican.  He  and  his  brother,  Horace  Scott 
Parker,  born  in  1843,  occupy  the  homestead  of  their  father ;  another  brother, 
Benjamin,  died  in  1867. 

John  Parker,  son  of  William,  and  grandson  of  Benjamin,  was  born  in 
Greene,  June  17,  1820,  and  has  always  lived  on  the  place  owned  by  his  father, 
which  he  occupied  and  conducted  with  his  brother  William  S.  until  his  death 
by  falling  of  the  barn  in  1870.  This  barn  was  100x40  feet,  and  when  built 
was  the  largest  in  the  county.  John  Parker  is  a  farmer  and  makes  specialties 
of  good  hay  and  fine  stock.  He  is  a  Baptist  and  Republican.  He  married,  in 
1850,  Mary  S.  Thompson,  of  Topsham,  They  have  had  these  children :  Corris 
A.,  John  S.,  Clinton  T.,  John  H.,  Almira  J.,  Minnie  R.,  Isaac  N.,  Myrtle  M. 

Captain  Jacob  Royal  Parker,  son  of  Benjamin,  Sen.,  was  born  in  Freeport, 
January  18,  1798,  and  died  November  1,  1874.  He  was  an  enterprising,  frugal, 
and  prosperous  farmer.  He  moved  from  the  river  road  and  for  several  years 
was  an  inn-keeper  at  Greene  Corner,  where  he  was  a  popular  landlord.  He 
married  Lois  Robinson,  born  March  2,  1807,  died  August  11,  1889.  Captain 
Parker  was  captain  of  militia  in  the  War  of  1812.  His  sons  were  Anslem  and 
Charles,  who  settled  in  the  West;  Thatcher,  who  resided  in  Boston,  but  after- 
wards in  the  West ;  Horatio  died  in  the  West ;  and  Almeron  Bodge  Parker,  who 
occupies  the  homestead,  and  is  an  agriculturist.  He  married,  November  8, 
1859,  Eliza  Ann  Howe.  Their  children  are  Ralph  A. 'Parker,  A.B.,  teacher; 
Jacob  L.,  clerk;  Horatio  P.,  and  Edith  S.  Mr  Parker  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  and  a  Republican  in  his  politics.  Jacob  R.  Parker's  daughters 
were :  Harriet,  married  Dr  H.  K.  Wiggin ;  Ann  M.  (Mrs  John  Merrill) ;  Alice 
(Mrs  A.  B.  Crosby)  ;  Mary  and  Lois,  who  married  successively  Henry  Curtis, 
of  Auburn ;  Henrietta  (Mrs  Charles  Osgood). 


522  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


James  Lamh  came  in  1800  with  three  children,  and  his  son,  Major  Merrick 
Lamb,  was  born  in  Greene  that  year.  James  Lamb  subsequently  moved  to 
Leeds.  Major  Lamb  was  the  only  tanner  in  town.  His  sons  were  Thomas  F. 
and  Alonzo  W. 

Samuel  Chadhourn  came  from  Wells  about  1800,  and  was  particularly  useful 
as  a  carpenter  and  joiner.  Jacob  K.,  his  son,  settled  in  Greene,  was  the  father 
of  John,  who  reared  a  large  family  of  sons,  who  were  men  of  good  habits,  and 
inherited  the  mechanical  skill  of  their  great-grandfather. 

Thomas  Longley  (son  of  Jonathan  Longley,  born  in  Waterford,  September 
7,  1767),  was  born  in  November,  1784,  and  came  to  Greene  about  1804.  He 
was  a  fine4ooking  man,  courteous  and  pleasing  in  his  manners.  He  drove  the 
first  stage  from  Portland  to  Augusta,  and  was  the  first  mail  contractor  on  the 
"back  route  "  from  Portland  to  Augusta.  He  conducted  staging  for  more  than 
20  years,  was  an  inn-keeper  over  30  years,  and  a  very  popular  man.  He  was 
a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  He  married  Esther  Parker,  of  Freeport.  She 
possessed  rare  qualifications  for  a  landlady,  and  as  a  dairy  woman  she  excelled. 
She  made  a  cheese  weighing  380  pounds,  which  she  presented  to  Governor 
Fairfield.  Mr  Longley  died  November  5,  1859 ;  his  wife's  death  occurred  in 
1864.  Their  children  were:  Benjamin,  who  founded  Longley's  express,  lived 
many  years  in  Portland,  then  went  to  New  Orleans;  Samuel,  a  good  farmer 
and  citizen,  a  resident  of  Greene;  William  M. ;  Josiah  P.,  a  merchant  in 
Lewiston ;  Cordis,  a  fine  machinist,  worked  on  the  first  ironclad  monitors; 
Nancy,  who  married  A.  K.  P.  Mower,  of  Greene;  Mary  married  Peter  Moriscy, 
of  Lewiston. 

William  M.  Longley  was  born  in  Greene,  June  9,  1820,  and  attended  school 
there  and  at  Monmouth  Academy  during  the  principalship  of  the  celebrated 
Dr  True.  He  resided  in  Portland  a  few  years  and  was  clerk  in  the  office  of 
the  Eastern  Express  Com[)any.  Since  his  return  to  Greene  he  has  been  an 
agriculturist  and  an  orcliardist,  and  in  1859  he  erected  the  best  dwelling-house 
in  town,  which  he  occupies.  In  1864  he  was  chosen  one  of  a  committee  of  two 
to  recruit  the  balance  of  the  town's  quota  of  soldiers,  and  was  instrumental  in 
filling  the  various  quotas  of  the  war.  Republican  in  politics,  he  represented 
Greene  in  the  legislature  of  1869,  and  has  served  as  selectman  and  as  chairman 
of  the  board.  He  is  a  Baptist  in  his  religious  views.  He  married  Emeline  R. 
Sawyer;  their  son,  William  Willis  Longley,  was  born  March,  1851,  and  died 
June,  1859. 

William  E.  Longley^  son  of  Samuel  and  Delight  B.  Longley,  and  grandson 
of  Thomas,  was  born  'July  25,  1838.  He  is  a  farmer,  a  Free  Baptist  in  his 
religious  affiliations,  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  served  his  country  three 
years  as  a  soldier.  He  is  a  member  of  the  order  of  Odd  Fellows.  William  E. 
and  his  wife,  Augusta  M.  Longley,  have  two  children.  Burton  L.  and  Ada  M. 

John  Thomson,  a  native  of  Wales,  who  came  to  Plymouth,  Mass.,  in  the 
"good   ship    Ann,"  in   May,   1622,   was  the  first  of  the  family  in    America. 


Town  or  Greene.  523 


Joseph  Thompson,  born  in  Falmouth,  in  1756,  and  afterwards  a  resident  of 
Lewiston,  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  devolution.  His  son,  David  TlKmipmn^  was 
born  in  Lewiston  in  1785,  married  Lydia  Stackpole,  and  settled  in  Greene. 
Their  children  were  Nehemiah,  Jane  S.  (Mrs  Harris),  Hannah  W.  (Mrs 
Furbish),  Mary  W.,  Christiana  (Mrs  Reuben  Stetson),  Rachel  D.  (Mrs  Little), 
James  H.,  Elizabeth  S.  (Mrs  Fillmore),  Phebe  M.  (Mrs  Farrar),  James  H. 
Mr  Thompson  died  December  29,  1874.  James  H.  Thompson  was  born  in 
Greene,  November  12,  1822,  and  was  there  educated  and  has  always  been  a 
resident  of  the  town.  He  married,  in  1858,  Bethiah  J.  Buker.  Their  children 
were  Arabella  M.  (Mrs  Davis  Sanborn),  and  Nellie  J.  (Mrs  Milan  Sanborn). 
Mr  Thompson  is  a  farmer,  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Sabattus,  a  Universalist, 
a  Republican,  and  belongs  to  the  Masonic  brotherhood.  He  went  to  California 
in  1850,  where  he  remained  until  1855,  and  was  successful. 

Capt<(in  John  B.  Hooper^  and  brother,  David,  lived  on  the  farm  formerly 
occupied  by  their  father.  Captain  David  Hooper,  of  Freeport,  who  came  to 
Greene  about  1807.  He  was  a  man  of  great  physical  power ;  led  a  sea-faring 
life,  and  was  more  than  ordinarily  obliging  as  a  neighbor,  and  gentlemanly  and 
honorable  in  his  intercourse  with  his  fellow-men.  They  carried  on  carriage- 
making  and  repairing.  George  W.,  a  son  of  David,  was  born  in  1849  and  died 
in  1883.  He  possessed  very  original  ideas  and  great  inventive  skill,  took  much 
interest  in  the  raising  of  bees,  and  imported  some  from  Italy.  The  Hooper 
force-pump,  now  in  such  extensive  use,  was  his  invention,  the  only  one  of 
many  experiments  that  came  to  completion.  Hooper  pond  perpetuates  the 
name  of  the  family. 

The  Weymouth  family  was  formerly  in  some  strength  here.  Daniel  Wey- 
mouth was  quite  prominent  in  affairs  during  the  war  of  1861-5.  He  lived 
where  Silas  H.  Harris  resides,  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Sabattus.  His  son,  John 
W.,  resides  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Joel  Weymouth,  son  of  Thomas,  who  lives 
in  the  east  part  of  the  town,  and  his  son,  Jethro,  are  the  representatives  of  the 
family  in  town. 

The  Hill  Family^  of  Greene,  is  descended  from  Joseph  Hill,  Esq.,  of  Wells.  In 
August,  1705,  the  Indians  attacked  his  house,  shot  and  wounded  him  severely, 
then  struck  Mrs  Hill  on  the  head  with  a  tomahawk  and  scalped  her,  and  left 
them  for  dead.  They  recovered,  however.  Mr  Hill  died  in  1743,  and  Mrs 
Hill  in  1737.  Their  grave-stones  are  \.n  a  good  state  of  preservation  in  the 
First  Parish  cemetery  at  Wells.  Mrs  Hill's  death  was  caused  by  the  falling  of 
the  lid  of  a  chest  which  struck  her  on  the  head,  forcing  the  silver  piece,  which 
she  wore  as  a  protection  over  the  wound,  into  her  brain.  This  historic  pair  had 
Nathaniel,  born  in  1708 ;  from  him  descended  Nathaniel  Hill,  born  in  Wells  in 
1769,  who  moved  to  Greene  in  1808  with  his  son  Tristram,  born  June  26, 
1806.  Mr  Hill  settled  on  lot  104.  He  was  a  mill-wright,  shoemaker,  and 
farmer,  a  very  useful  man  in  the  community,  and  served  as  constable  for  many 


524  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


years.  He  died  in  1847,  aged  78.  Tristram  Hill  married  Christina  Spragiie, 
who  died  October  7,  1887,  aged  70.  Mr  Hill  was  a  school  teacher  and  farmer, 
a  justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years,  selectman  several  times,  represented 
Greene  in  the  legislature,  was  a  member  of  the  school  committee,  and  for  several 
years  was  a  wool  merchant.  He  died  December  2,  1877.  Byron  G.  Rill, 
son  of  Tristram  and  Christina  (Sprague)  Hill  was  born  in  Greene,  October  26, 
1840,  where  he  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of  three  years'  service  in 
the  army.  He  was  educated  at  Greene  and  at  Maine  State  Seminary,  Lewis- 
ton.  In  1865,  he  married  Octavia  H.  Lowell.  Their  children  are :  Arthur  C, 
Walter  S.,  Clarence  B.,  Annie  M.,  Lester  S.,  Dora  M.  Mr  Hill  has  been  one 
of  the  superintending  school  committee  for  many  years;  is  a  Baptist  in  his 
religious  views,  and  clerk  of  the  church,  a  zealous  Republican,  and  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  K.  He  occupies  and  conducts  the  Hill  farm,  which  from  its  elevated 
position  commands  a  fine  and  extensive  view.  W.  Scott  Hill,  brother  of  Byron 
G.,  is  a  prominent  and  successful  physician  of  Augusta. 

Hon.  Elijah  Barrell.  —  The  history  of  East  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  says  that 
William  Barrell  died  in  1806,  aged  91  years,  and  that  Joshua  Barrell  was  a 
soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and  in  1778  was  an  ensign.  The  family  says  that 
Joshua  was  a  son  of  William,  who  died  aged  92  in  Massachusetts,  married 
Olive  Bass  in  1769,  had  nine  children,  and  in  1801  came  to  Turner,  where  he 
died  in  1828,  aged  82;  that  he  was  a  blacksmith  and  not  allowed  to  enter  the 
army,  but  was  kept  at  work  on  guns.  Elijah  Barrell  was  the  sixth  of  Joshua's 
children,  and  was  born  October  28, 1783.  He  lived  in  Bridgewater  and  Salem, 
Mass.,  Augusta,  Wiscasset,  Bath,  Paris,  and  Greene,  was  educated  at  Hebron 
Academy,  became  a  carpenter,  school-teacher,  merchant,  and  farmer.  He  came 
to  Greene  about  1814,  as  a  teacher,  and,  after  a  time,  formed  with  Anslem 
Gary,  the  long-continued  and  successful  mercantile  firm  of  Barrell  &  Gary. 
He  represented  Greene  several  terms  in  the  legislature,  as  a  Whig,  was  in  the 
state  senate,  held  the  various  town  offices,  and  a  commission  as  justice  for 
many  years,  and  was  trustee  of  Waterville  College  from  1825  to  1826.  He  was 
a  Republican  after  1854;  for  many  years  he  was  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church, 
and  a  Free  Mason.  He  died  November  19,  1866.  He  married  Adaline  S. 
Kimball  in  1822.  Among  their  children  were  Adaline  E.  (Mrs  William 
Folsom),  Emily  S.  (Mrs  Nathan  D.  Stanwood),  Ann  J.  (dec),  Frances  I. 
(married  Rev.  C.  M.  Emery),  Nellie  R.  (married  (1)  Captain  L.  Lemont,  (2) 
Virgil  H.  Sprague),  Lillias  W.  (Mrs  Charles  A.  Bradbury). 

Charles  Aw/mtus  Bradlmry,  son  of  Joseph  F.  and  Lydia  R.  Bradbury,  was 
born  in  Auburn,  June  15, 1842.  His  father  was  a  farmer  in  Auburn,  Lewiston, 
Greene,  and  Wales,  and  was  son  of  Samuel  Bradbury,  an  early  settler  of  Minot, 
who  was  born  December  4,  1777,  and  died  September  16,  1843.  Joseph  F. 
Bradbury  was  born  February  11,  1816,  and  died  June  29,  1889 ;  his  wife,  born 
September  15,  1815,  died  March  5,  1845.     Mr  Bradbury  has  been  a  farmer, 


Town  of  Greene.  525 


and  was  a  member  of  Company  G,  Twenty-third  Maine,  enlisting  September 
1,  18G2.  He  married  Lillias  W.  Barrell  December  6,  1867.  They  have  one 
daughter,  Alice  J.,  a  teacher.  Mr  Bradbury  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  a 
Baptist,  and  a  Democrat,  and  has  a  large  Jiiimber  of  friends,  and  a  very  pleasant 
home  on  a  well-tilled  and  productive  farm. 

Alfred  Pierce.,  M.D.,  was  a  son  of  Benjamin  Pierce,  who  emigrated  from 
England  and  made  his  home  in  Westmoreland,  N.  H.,  prior  to  1776.  He  was 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  "Association  Test,"  and  one  of  the  "embattled 
farmers  "  of  the  Kevolution.  He  figured  in  civil  as  well  as  military  affairs,  was 
frequently  moderator,  and  served  as  selectman.  Dr  Pierce  was  born  in  West- 
moreland, N.  H.,  November  12,  1790.  Plis  wife  was  Betsey  Kobbins,  of 
Hanover,  Mass.  He  came  to  Greene  in  1817,  and  established  himself  as  a 
medical  man  at  Greene  Corner.  As  a  physician  he  was  successful,  and  as  sur- 
geon he  took  high  rank.  He  always  manifested  a  lively  interest  in  educational 
affairs,  was  a  member  of  the  first  board  of  superintending  school  committee, 
and  for  many  years  one  of  the  trustees  of  Monmouth  Academy.  He  was  one 
of  the  leading  men  in  town  matters,  served  as  town  clerk,  chairman  of  the 
board  of  selectmen,  justice  of  the  peace,  and  first  representative  to  the  Maine 
legislature.  He  was  a  member  of  the  governor's  council  in  1839.  For  many 
years  he  was  postmaster.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat  of  the  Jacksonian 
school;  in  religion  a  Universalist,  and  was  a  leading  man  in  the  society.  He 
possessed  a  pleasing  address,  was  interesting  in  conversation,  warmly  attached 
to  his  friends,  and  peculiarly  amiable  in  all  his  family  relations.  He  died 
April  20,  1860.  Mrs  Pierce  died  October  19,  1878.  Their  children  were 
Albion  and  Alfred.  Br  Albion  Pierce  was  born  in  Greene,  December  14,  1832. 
He  was  educated  at  common  schools  and  at  Monmouth,  Hartland,  and  Gould's 
academies;  attended  the  medical  department  at  Bowdoin  and  Harvard,  was 
graduated  from  Harvard  in  1860,  and  there  received  his  degree  of  M.D.  Dr 
Pierce  succeeded  his  father  as  physician.  He  has  served  fourteen  years  as 
town  clerk,  and  has  held  the  office  of  town  treasurer.  Like  his  father,  he  is  a 
Democrat  and  prominent  in  the  Universalist  society,  and  he  possesses  many  of 
his  father's  characteristics.  Dr  Pierce  married,  December  25,  1880,  Charlotte 
1.  Bailey.     Alfred  Pierce  is  a  farmer  on  the  homestead. 

Caleb  Gilbert^  born  May  9,  1780,  son  of  Elijah  Gilbert,  who  probably  came 
from  Plymouth  County,  Mass.,  about  1783  to  Turner,  married  Diana  Curtis. 
Of  his  children  were  Lewis,  born  April  15, 1801,  and  died  aged  nearly  84  years. 
He  married  Eunice,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Alden,  the  early  settler  of  Greene, 
who  was  sixth  in  descent  from  John  Alden,  the  first  of  the  Pilgrim  band  to 
step  on  Plymouth  Rock,  and  the  last  male  survivor  of  those  who  came  in  the 
Mayflower,  whose  romantic  love  story  was  so  beautifully  told  by  Longfellow. 
Mrs  Gilbert  died  at  the  age  of  6Q.  Lewis  Gilbert  removed  from  Turner  to 
Greene,  where   he   combined    house   carpentering  and  farming.      Ziba  Alden 


526  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Gilbert, son  of  Lewis  and  Eunice  (  Alden)  Gilbert,  was  born  in  Greene,  November 
4, 1832,  and  was  educated  at  the  schools  in  Greene  and  at  Monmouth  Academy. 
In  1860  he  married  Clara  Bradford.  They  have  two  children,  Clarence  Irving 
and  Jennie  Louise.  Mr  Gilbert  is  a  Universalist,  a  Republican,  by  vocation  a 
farmer,  and  has  been  prominently  connected  with  the  agricultural  interests  of  the 
state.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  secretary  of  the  State  Board 
of  Agriculture,  a  trustee  of  Maine  State  College,  president  of  Maine  Pomological 
Society,  and  has  been  editor  of  the  Maine  Farmer  from  November,  1883.  He 
is  a  positive  man  of  great  activity  and  pronounced  convictions,  and  a  writer 
of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  wielding  a  keen  and  trenchant  pen,  and  giving 
logical  reasons  in  a  pertinent  way.  His  work  in  the  preparation  of  the  annual 
reports  of  the  agiicultural  and  pomological  societies  show  great  labor  and  care, 
and  thorough  familiarity  with  the  subjects  and  their  details. 

jSilas  Richardson  was  an  early  settler  from  Dracut.  He  was  a  shoemaker,  a 
farmer,  and  an  honest  man.  His  son,  Joseph  M.,  succeeded  to  the  homestead 
and  possessed  a  love  of  horticulture  and  pomology.  His  experiments  did  much 
to  call  the  attention  of  the  people  to  improved  orcharding.  Mr  Oliver  Mower 
says:  "Perhaps  no  man  in  town  (except  the  Messrs  Gilbert)  knew  so  well 
how  to  give  a  tree  symmetry  of  form  and  increase  its  productiveness  with  least 
expense  as  he." 

Hantiihal  Farwell.,  FJi<q.,  came  from  Vassalboro  about  1817,  settled  at  first 
in  the  north  part  of  the  town,  and  subsequently  lived  on  the  farm  formerly 
owned  by  William  Mower.  He  was  the  father  of  Alanson  B.  Farwell,  who 
was  a  law3^er  and  prominent  man  in  Augusta. 

John  Lewis  Hoive,  son  of  Lewis  W.  and  Sarah  (Parker)  Howe,  was  born 
August  13,  1834.  His  father  came  from  Leeds  and  was  a  son  of  Stephen,  and 
grandson  of  Ichabod  Howe,  a  pioneer  of  Winthrop.  Lewis  W.  Howe  was  a 
farmer  on  the  northern  slope  of  Clark  mountain.  Mr  Howe  was  born  in  Leeds 
in  1799  and  died  in  1858.  John  Lewis  Howe  was  educated  at  the  Edward 
Little  Institute.  In  1872  he  married  Mary  Sparrow.  He  has  served  as  select- 
man of  Greene,  and  owns  and  carries  on  the  homestead  farm.  He  keeps  20 
cows,  markets  butter  and  cheese  in  Lewiston  and  Boston,  and  has  an  orchard 
of  200  fine  fruit  trees.  He  has  marked  mechanical  powers.  Among  his 
inventions  are  a  ditcher,  with  elevator  to  carry  the  dirt  to  the  sides  of  the 
ditch,  that  can  be  gauged  to  remove  any  depth  desired,  a  hay-lifter,  patented 
July  22,  1884,  very  simple  and  rapid  in  execution,  a  churn,  butter-worker  and 
Salter  combined,  an  article  considered  of  unusual  merit,  and  a  butter-printer 
that  moulds  and  prints  20  balls  at  once.  The  hay-lifter  is  in  extensive  use  and 
its  sales  are  rapidly  increasing;  experts  pronounce  the  other  articles  not  only 
great  successes  in  their  lines,  but  founded  on  true  mechanical  principles.  As 
an  evidence  of  Mr  Howe's  pluck  and  ability,  we  would  mention  that  when  the 
authorities  refused  to  build  a  road  laid  out  in  his  vicinity,  he  constructed  it  for 


Town  of  Greene.  527 


three-fourths  of  a  mile,  through  dense  woods,  along  a  side  hill  filled  with 
bowlders,  at  his  own  expense,  at  a  cost  of  '|1,200. 

Francis  Edivard  Howe.,  a  grandson  of  Stephen  Howe,  of  Leeds,  and  son  of 
Cyprian  and  Mary  (Graffani)  Howe,  formerly  of  Leeds,  later  of  Greene,  was 
born  February  6,  1842,  in  Leeds,  where  he  was  educated.  Mr  Howe  married, 
January,  1869,  Eleanor  C.  Pettengill.  Their  children  were  Lenora  I.  (married 
Fred  Additon),  Orrietta  L.  (dec),  Lizzie  J.,  and  Ralph  P.  Mr  Howe  is  a 
Methodist  and  a  Republican,  and  is  engaged  in  farming,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century  has  conducted  this  business  on  the  place  where  he  now  resides.  He 
has  200  acres  of  land  and  17  cows,  and  gives  especial  attention  to  the  pro- 
duction of  a  fine  quality  of  butter  and  cheese. 

Moses  C.  Howe,  brother  of  Francis  E.,  was  born  in  Leeds,  January  2,  185(3. 
He  was  educated  in  Leeds  and  Greene,  and  combines  farming  with  his  trade  of 
a  carpenter,  and  is  an  industrious  and  useful  citizen.  In  1886  he  married  Ef^e 
L.  Norton.  Their  children  are  Theo  N.,  Mary  E.,  and  M.  Gertrude.  Mr 
Howe  is  a  Republican  politically,  and  a  Methodist  in  his  religious  views. 

Charles  W.  Waslihurn  was  born  in  Windsor.  His  father,  Cyrus  Washburn, 
was  born  in  Minot  in  1796,  and  died  in  1880,  and  was  the  son  of  Isaac  Wash- 
burn, originally  from  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  whose  ancestors  were  among  the 
proprietors  of  that  town.  His  mother,  Lois,  daughter  of  Dai]iel  French,  was 
born  in  Turner  in  1801.  Charles  M.,  married  Louisa,  a  daughter  of  Hart 
Briggs,  Jr,  of  Turner.  Tlieir  children  are  Susan  L.  (Mrs  Otis  Deane  of 
Leeds),  Charles  A.,  and  Stella  A.  (Mrs  Fred  T.  Hill).  Mr  Washburn  is  a  farmer, 
and  a  Republican  in  politics,  has  been  one  of  the  selectmen,  assessors,  and 
overseers  of  the  poor  for  18  years,  and  represented  Greene  in  the  legislature  in 
1880.  Charles  Addison  Washburn,  A.B.,  was  born  in  Greene,  May  23,  1861. 
He  is  a  teacher,  acquired  his  education  in  Greene,  Lewiston,  Nichols  i^atin 
School,  and  Bates  College,  and  was  assistant  at  the  Edward  Little  High  School, 
Auburn,  when  he  resigned  in  1891  to  become  sub-principal  of  the  Cony  High 
School  at  Augusta.  In  1886  he  married  Olive  W.  Parsons.  His  religious 
views  are  in  accord  with  the  Unitarians  ;  he  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order. 

Adelhert  In;/aUs  Clark,  a  grandson  of  Amos  Clark,  of  Newburyport  (who 
was  drafted  to  serve  on  Plum  Island  in  the  War  of  1812),  and  a  son  of  Amos 
Clark,  Jr,  and  Olive  H.  Clark,  was  born  in  Greene,  July  21,  1838.  His  father, 
a  native  of  Newburyport,  was  educated  there,  and  was  a  carpenter  and  a 
machinist.  He  subsequently  settled  in  Greene,  where  he  was  a  valued  citizen. 
He  was  a  corporal  in  the  Aroostook  War.  He  died  in  1876.  Adelbert  I.  Clark 
was  educated  in  Greene,  is  a  farmer  and  Republican.  He  is  a  veteran  of 
the  Civil  War  and  served  three  years,  enlisting  February  17,  1862,  in  Com- 
pany G,  Thirteenth  Maine.  He  was  transferred  to  Company  H,  Thirtieth 
Maine,  December  26, 1864,  and  mustered  out  February  17, 1865,  at  Winchester, 


528  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Va.     He  served  under  General  B.  F.  Butler,  and  General  N.  P.  Banks  in  the 
Department  of  the  Gulf,  and  under  General  Phil  Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah 

Valley. 

Lorenzo  Doio  Manmn^  grandson  of  Samuel  Manson,  who  was  a  native  of 
Gorham,  born  in  1775,  moved  to  Limington  early  in  life,  and  died  aged  94 
years.  The  Manson  family  were  pioneer  settlers  of  Limington.  Joseph 
Manson,  son  of  Samuel,  was  born  in  Limerick,  m  1804,  and  died  at  the  age  of 
87  years.  He  married  Martha  R.  Sedgley,  and  in  1836  removed  to  Greene, 
where,  in  1839,  their  son,  Lorenzo  D.  Manson,  was  born.  Mr  Manson  was 
educated  at  Greene  and  Kent's  Hill,  is  a  farmer.  Free  Baptist,  Mason,  and  a 
Republican.  In  1865  he  married  Emily  S.  Adams.  Children:  M.  Cathie 
(dec.)  and  Ethel  B. 

Samuel  W.  Adams,  a  grandson  of  Nathaniel  Adams,  and  son  of  Ivory  and 
Joanna  L.  (Watts)  Adams,  was  born  in  Greene,  November  24, 1846,  and  is  one 
of  the  agriculturists  of  his  native  town,  making  a  specialty  of  dairying.  He 
married  in  1867,  Mary  Mitchell.  Their  children  are :  Stephen  M.,  Hannah, 
and  Lucy.  Mr  Adams  is  a  Republican  in  politics  and  Universalist  in  religious 
belief.  He  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  service,  April  16,  1864,  in  the  First  Maine 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  was  stationed  at  Portland  and  Boston,  and  is  a  member  of 
Custer  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Lewiston. 

Wi  Hodgkins,  gi-andson  of  Benjamin,  of  Harpswell,  and  son  of  John  M.  and 
Almira  (Hodgdon)  Hodgkins,  was  born  in  Greene,  December  14,  1847.  His 
father  came  to  Greene  from  Brunswick  about  1836,  and  located  in  the  west 
part  of  the  town.  Mr  Hodgkins  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Free  Baptist 
church.  He  died  June  23,  1863.  Mrs  Hodgkins  died  February  23, 1890.  Eli 
Hodgkins  was  representative  from  Greene  to  the  legislature  in  1887;  has  been 
chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen  for  three  years;  trustee  of  Androscoggin 
Agricultural  Society  for  12  years;  master  of  Androscoggin  Grange,  P.  of  H.; 
overseer  of  the  County  Grange,  and  for  several  years  superintendent  of  the 
Free  Ba[)tist  Sabbath  school.  He  is  a  farmer  and  mechanic,  a  Republican,  and 
member  of  the  Free  Baptist  church,  and  a  good  citizen.  He  married,  September 
3,  1884,  Nettie  H.,  daughter  of  Calvin  Robbins,  of  Buckfield.  They  have  a 
daughter,  Ida  Belle  Hodgkins.  Calvin  Robbins  was  the  son  of  Joseph  Rob- 
bins,  who  came  from  Hanover,  Mass.,  and  settled  in  Minot  about  1788  or  1789, 
and  was  a  brother  of  Luther  Robbins  of  Greene. 


Town  of  Greene.  529 


CHAPTER   XXIX. 

Baptist  Church  —  First  Meeting- House ^ First  Church  Bell  —  Universalisiu  —  Free  Bap- 
tist Cluirch  —  Metliodists  —  Advcntists  —  Schools  and  Teachers  —  Temperance  —  Eev^olu- 
tion  —  War  of  1812  — Madawaska  War  —  Rebellion  —  Centennial —Longevity  —  Burying 
Grounds  — Physicians  —  Orcharding  and  Orchardists —Merchants — Some  Smart  Things 
Done  l)y  Greene  Men  —  Natives  of  Greene  Attaining  Prominence  —  Civil  List. 

BAPTIST  CHURCH.  —  Rev.  James  Potter  was  the  first  to  carry  the  gospel 
to  these  people,  and  several  professed  Christ  and  united  with  the  church 
in  Lewiston.  In  1703  a  Church  of  Christ  was  organized  by  Elders  Case, 
Potter,  and  Maconiber.  "A  list  of  the  persons  names  which  were  Imhodyed 
ill  Greene  August  15  AD  1793  as  a  Church  of  Christ":  Lemuel  Comins,  John 
Larrabee,  Jacob  Stevens,  Benjamin  Cole,  Amaziah  Reed,  John  Allen,  John 
Comins,  Jonathan  Mower,  Samuel  Brownen,  Jairus  Phillips,  Solomon  Comins, 
Benjamin  Parker,  Rachel  Comins,  Jane  Larrabee,  Mary  Daggett,  Keziah  Cole, 
Sarah  Mower,  Mary  Herriden,  Sally  Young,  Silance  Phillips,  Susannah  Com- 
ings, Rhoda  Reed,  Anna  True,  Anna  Rackley,  Polly  Larrabee.  Mr  Potter 
visited  them  fiequently  until  they  had  a  pastor.  In  1794,  19  were  added  to 
the  church.  In  1797  Rev.  Lemuel  Jackson,  of  Sidney,  became  pastor,  and,  soon 
after  he  entered  upon  his  duties,  a  season  of  mercy  added  35  to  the  church 
membersliip.  The  first  deacon  was  Lemuel  Cummings,  who  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  the  town  and  a  Congregationalist.  As  the  new  settlement  was 
then  without  religious  teaching,  Mr  Cummings  suggested  that  the  people 
should  assemble  on  the  Sabbath  for  worship,  and  he  officiated  as  leader  and 
held  meetings  in  various  dwellings,  awakening  great  interest.  When  Elder 
Potter  came,  Mr  Cummings  was  at  first  indiff'erent  to  the  ordinance  of  baptism, 
but  subsequently  he  came  to  a  firm  belief  that  "  Christ  immersed  in  the  river 
Jordan,  as  an  example  and  pattern  to  all  his  followers."  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  William  Stinson,  united  with  the  church  and  served  it  as  deacon  until 
age  obliged  him  to  resign.  When  Rev.  Paul  ColTin  was  here  in  1800,  he  wrote: 
"  The  people  are  half  Baptists,  one-fourtli  Methodists,  a  few  Friends,  and  the 
rest  Coijgregationalists." 

From  1802  to  1808,  when  the  church  was  without  a  pastor.  Deacon  Cum- 
mings was  a  strong  leader.  In  1805  there  was  some  revival  and  the  church 
increased.  In  1808  Rev.  Thomas  Wyman  preached  here  for  one  year;  in  1810 
Rev.  John  Daggett  ministered  to  this  flock,  and  continued  10  years.  During 
his  pastorate,  in  1817,  the  presence  of  the  Lord  was  felt,  and  the  church  was 
increased  by  60  new  members.      From   1821  to  1824  the  church  was  again 


530  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


without  a  pastor,  and  suffered  a  loss  of  members.  In  1825  it  is  said  that  the 
publication  of  Zloiis  Advocate  was  decided  upon  as  the  state  organ  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  a  conference  held  in  the  house  of  Elijah  Barrell.  Rev. 
Daniel  Pierce  then  became  pastor,  and  in  1826  this  church  was  blessed  and  74 
members  were  added  by  baptism.  Rev.  David  Nutter  and  other  ministers  in 
the  vicinity  aided  in  this  work.  Rev.  Reuben  Ball  was  here  in  1826.  Rev. 
Samuel  Fogg  supplied  from  1828  to  1831;  D.  P.  Bailey  from  1833  to  1835;  in 
1839  Rev.  Phineas  Pillsbury  was  pastor,  and  in  1840  54  were  added  by  baptism. 
This  aged  man  labored  successfully  as  a  preacher  for  55  years.  He  died 
November  4,  1859.  Rev.  Martin  Byrne  came  here  in  the  spring  of  1846,  and 
preached  one  year.  Rev.  Cyrus  Case  came  in  February,  1848,  and  resigned  in 
September,  1852.  He  died  in  Patten  in  1874.  It  is  said  that  his  last  sermon 
was  from  the  text,  "-We  all  do  fade  as  a  leaf."  Rev.  Arthur  Drinkwater 
became  pastor  in  1854.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  spring  of  1857  by  Rev.  W. 
T.  Sargent,  who  remained  with  the  church  about  seven  years.  During  his 
pastorate  between  50  and  60  members  were  added  to  the  church.  He  was  a 
very  popular  pastor,  and  since  he  left  Greene  has  frequently  visited  the  town 
to  solemnize  marriages,  attend  funerals,  and  to  baptize.  Rev.  David  Nutter 
supplied  the  pulpit  most  of  the  time  from  1864  to  August,  1865,  when  Rev. 
T,  W.  Emerson  became  pastor.  He  remained  about  18  months,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Dr  Wilson,  who  was  with  the  church  during  the  year  1868.  It  is 
said  that  he  visited  every  family  in  town,  and  always  walked.  He  was  born  in 
Topsham  in  1794,  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1819,  and  was  the  first 
editor  of  Zurns  Advocate.  From  1872,  Rev.  C.  R.  Daggett  was  pastor  for 
about  three  years.  Rev.  C.  M.  Emery  came  in  1878.  During  his  pastorate  the 
vestry  was  finished,  a  parsonage  built,  and  a  church  debt  paid  off.  April  15, 
1882,  Rev.  Mr  Emery  closed  his  labors  with  this  church,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  O.  Richardson,  who  was  dismissed  September  27,  1885,  and  went  to  the 
North  Livermore  church.  February  14, 1886,  Rev.  Robert  Scott  became  pastor 
and  continued  until  April  27,  1890. 

Deaco7is.  —  The  first  deacons  of  the  church  were  Lemuel  Cummings  and 
Benjamin  Cole,  chosen  October,  1793.  Deacon  Cummings  was  born  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  1745,  and  came  to  Maine  in  1775.  Lemuel  Cummings, 
Jr,  succeeded  his  father ;  Deacon  Cole  served  until  1797,  when  John  Larrabee 
was  chosen  to  fill  his  place,  and  retained  the  office  until  his  death,  when  Jesse 
Coburn  was  chosen.  Elijah  Barrell  was  chosen  deacon  in  1838;  Josiah 
Larrabee,  in  1842;  James  Coffin,  in  1850;  Silas  Sprague,  in  1858;  Joseph 
Jackson,  in  1858;  A.  K.  P.  Mower  was  deacon  in  1872;  V.  H.  Sprague  and 
H.  H.  Coburn  were  chosen  in  1878.  Mr  Mower,  Mr  Sprague,  and  Mr  Coburn 
are  the  present  deacons.  Clerks.  —  John  Allen  was  chosen  clerk,  August  17, 
1793;  John  Daggett,  Sen.,  January  10, 1799  ;  Elijah  Barrell,  March  9, 1820,  and 
was  clerk  37  years;    Silas  Sprague,  December  24,  1857;   Virgil  H.  Sprague, 


Town  of  Greene.  531 


October  17, 1867;  W.  F.  Mower,  December  21,  1875  ;  J.  M.  Jackson,  December 
31,  1878.     Byron  G.  Hill  is  the  present  clerk. 

'  r//e  First  Meeting-House  was  built  about  1794.  It  was  located  about  15  rods  beyond 
where  Leauder  Patten  lives,  on  the  left  side  of  the  road  leading  to  William  Sprague's 
house.  It  stood  about  four  rods  from  the  road,  and  end  to  the  road.  Deacon  John 
Larrabee  and  his  brother  Stephen  did  the  joiner  work.  It  was  one  story  high,  10  feet 
posts,  40  feet  long,  and  about  36  feet  wide.  There  was  no  steeple  or  chimney.  It  was 
finished  outside,  but  no  paint  outside  or  in.  It  was  underpinned  with  small,  loose,  flat 
stones,  rough  stone  door  steps.  There  was  a  rude  post-and-rail  fence  on  three  sides, 
leaving  the  space  next  the  road  open.  The  outside  door  was  in  the  center  of  the  front, 
and  was  in  two  parts,  opening  directly  into  the  house,  there  being  no  entry  or  porch.  The 
inside  was  wholly  unfinished,  there  being  no  plastering,  not  even  a  loose  floor  overhead. 
There  was,  in  one  corner  of  the  chamber,  a  space  boarded  up,  where  the  town  kept  its 
powder  for  military  purposes,  with  a  very  small  door,  secured  by  a  padlock.  The  desk,  or 
pulpit,  was  on  the  back  side  of  the  house,  opposite  the  door.  It  was  raised  two  or  three 
feet  above  the  floor,  a  plain  straight  front,  and  a  common  board  seat,  without  cushion  or 
carpet.  There  was  one  row  of  pews  around  the  walls  — I  think  22  in  all,  eight  on  the  front 
side,  six  on  the  back  side,  and  four  on  each  end,  not  counting  the  corner  pews  twice,  the 
corner  pews  were  each  six  feet  square,  the  others  were  all  six  feet  one  way,  and  varied 
from  four  to  five  feet  the  other.  They  were  raised  10  inches  above  the  floor,  and  were  about 
four  feet  high,  made  of  plain  boards  or  panel  work.  The  railing  of  the  pews  was  a  board 
six  inches  in  width,  with  an  open  space  of  the  same  width,  with  small  wooden  pillars 
between,  about  one  inch  in  diameter.  There  were  plain  board  seats  on  three  sides  of  the 
wall  pews,  the  doors  were  in  the  center  of  the  pews  next  the  aisle.  In  the  corner  pews 
were  four  seats,  the  doors  being  in  the  corner.  The  body  or  center  of  the  house  was 
occupied  by  two  rows  of  plank  seats.  These  seats  were  free  to  all.  The  singers  sat  in 
one  of  these  seats,  there  being  no  gallery.  There  was  a  bench  in  front  of  the  pulpit, 
called  the  deacon's  bench.  There  were  12  windows  in  the  house,  two  each  side  of  the 
door  on  the  front  side,  two  each  side  of  the  pulpit  on  the  back  side,  and  two  in  each  end. 
Each  window  contained,  I  think,  but  am  not  certain,  20  panes  of  6x8  glass.  There  was 
no  stove  in  the  house  from  1794  to  1825  —  31  years.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  winter 
season  alternately  in  the  Centre  and  Coburn  school-houses  until  1825.  The  house  we  now 
occupy  was  raised  in  May,  1827,  was  dedicated  in  July,  1828.  From  1825  to  1828  they  had 
a  stove  in  the  old  house.  There  were  no  sheds  around  the  house ;  rain  or  shine,  cold  or 
hot,  every  post  was  a  hitching-post.  Prior  to  1810  or  1811,  when  the  first  carriage  was 
brought  into  town  by  Benjamin  Parker,  and  after,  people  went  to  meeting  on  foot  and  on 
horseback  in  the  summer  season.  There  were  two  sermons,  one  in  the  forenoon  and  one 
in  the  afternoon,  with  an  hour's  intermission,  no  Sabbath  school.  The  people  nearly  all 
left  the  bouse,  and  went  off"  in  different  directions,  to  spend  the  recess,  returning  at  1 
o'clock.  I  think  the  people  would  not  have  been  willing  to  have  paid  the  minister  more 
than  half  price  for  one  sermon,  when  they  could  not  remember  half  of  that. 

The  First  Church  Bell  in  the  town  was  raised  to  its  position  on  the  Baptist  church. 
September  21,  1886,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  concourse.  The  first  strokes  were  rung  by 
Mr  Isaiah  Coburn  and  Col  Augustus  Sprague,  two  of  the  oldest  inhabitants.  The  bell 
is  a  Meneely,  weighing  1,000  pounds,  and  is  of  fine  tone  and  finish. 

Universalism.  —  The  Universalists  were  quite  strong  in  numbers,  and  at  a 
meeting  held  September  11,  1826,  "for  the  purpose  of  consulting  the  propriety 

1  By  John  E.  Sawyer. 


532  HiSTOKY  OF  Androscoggin  County. 

of  building  a  Meeting  House  in  Greene,  to  be  called  the  First  Universalist 
Meeting  House  in  the  town."  A.  R.  Cutter  was  chosen  moderator,  Nathaniel 
Robbins,  clerk,  and  Joseph  Bailey,  Luther  Robbins,  Turner  Stetson,  Elisha 
Keen,  Caleb  Bates,  Thomas  Longley  were  chosen  a  committee  to  superintend 
the  building  of  the  house.  At  a  meeting  in  October,  Alfred  Pierce,  Esq.,  was 
added  to  this  committee.  October  23  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  Centre 
school-house,  and  Dr  A.  R.  Cutter  was  chosen  treasurer  and  collector  for  the 
first  Universalist  Society  in  Greene,  and  it  was  voted  to  proceed  in  building 
the  meeting-house,  and  this  work  was  carried  on  to  completion.  March  28, 
1829,  this  petition  for  a  warrant  to  be  issued  was  addressed  to  Alfred  Pierce, 
Esq.,  one  of  the  justices  of  the  peace:  "  We  the  Undersigned  Citizens  of  Maine 
over  twenty-one  years  of  age,  being  desirous  of  forming  ourselves  into  a 
religious  Society  in  the  town  of  Greene,  to  be  called  the  first  Universalist 
Society  in  Greene  and  vicinity  hereby  request  you  to  issue  your  warrant 
directed  to  one  of  the  undersigned  requiring  him  to  notify  a  meeting  of  the 
petitioners  to  be  held  at  the  House  of  Ammi  R.  Cutter  in  Greene  on  the 
eleventh  da}'^  of  April  next,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  said  Society, 
choosing  such  officers  and  transacting  such  business  as  religious  societies  are 
by  law  allowed  to  have  and  transact,  Ammi  R.  Cutter,  Luther  Robbins,  Elisha 
Keen,  Joseph  Bailey,  Silas  Richardson,  Caleb  Bates,  David  Hooper,  Bradford 
Rose,  Turner  Stetson,  Houghton  Sumner,  Jonathan  Shepley,  Elisha  Stetson, 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  Russell  Read,  Eleazer  Crocker,  David  Cary,  Nathaniel 
Hill,  Alfred  Pierce,  Reuben  Bates,  Solomon  Brown." 

The  meeting  was  held  at  Dr  A.  R.  Cutter's  house,  a  constitution  was  drawn 
up,  accepted  April  23,  1831,  and  signed  by  Luther  Robbins,  Caleb  Bates, 
Bradford  Rose,  Elias  Drake,  Turner  Stetson,  Alfred  Pierce,  Benjamin  Allen, 
Barak  Record,  Daniel  Plumer,  Nathaniel  Hill,  Simeon  Rose,  Solomon  Brown, 
Jonathan  Shepley.  Luther  Robbins  appears  as  moderator,  Nathaniel  Robbins 
as  clerk,  and  Alfred  Pierce  as  tieasurer  in  the  records  of  the  early  meetings; 
then  come  Silas  Richardson  and  Solomon  Brown  and  Luther  Robbins  again  as 
moderators,  Moses  Adams  as  collector,  and  Isaac  N.  Thomas,  and  later  Alfred 
Pierce,  as  clerk.  From  the  first,  meetings  were  held,  preachers  employed,  and 
the  ministerial  fund  wisely  expended,  for  in  1830  it  was  voted  "not  to  expend 
more  than  one-half  the  fund  the  present  season."  This  year  the  fund 
belonging  to  the  Universalists  was  1111.55.  This  year  these  clergymen  were 
employed:  Rev.  Wm  A.  Drew,  Rev.  D.  T.  Stevens,  Rev.  G.  W.  Farr,  Rev. 
Jabez  Woodman.  In  1851  Alfred  Pierce  was  chosen  "  to  represent  the 
Universalist  Society  on  the  committee  designated  by  the  town  at  the  last 
annual  meeting  to  be  chosen  one  from  each  of  the  religious  denominations  in 
said  town  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  tiie  money  to  be  distributed  from  the 
ministerial  fund  and  apportion  the  same  among  the  several  religious  denomi- 
nations in  said  town"  and  Tristram  Hill,  Henry  S.  Harris,  and  Plarrisou  Rose 


Town  of  Greene.  538 


were  chosen  to  expend  the  proportion  coming  to  this  society,  whicli,  in  1852. 
amounted  to '170;  the  Calvinist  Baptists  receiving  175.48;  the  Free  Baptists, 
i61.97;  and  the  Methodists,  $39.47.  No  record  occurs  from  September  1, 
1851,  to  August  20,  ISnO,  when  Harrison  Rose  was  chosen  secretary,  and  Job 
Carville,  Albion  Pierce,  John  B.  Hooper  "  a  standing  committee  to  collect  and 
receive  the  interest  in  the  ministerial  fund  voted  to  be  divided  at  the  last 
annual  town  meeting." 

There  were  occasional  services  held,  but  the  society  lost  its  organization 
and  no  united  effort  was  made  in  the  interest  of  liberal  Christianit}^  until  1879, 
when  the  following  indicates  a  movement  which  resulted  in  a  new  organization, 
and  the  keeping  up  of  life  in  this  religious  direction.     March  22,  1879,  this 

Petition  and  warrant  for  a  new  organization  of  a  Universalist  society  in  Grreeno  was  sent 
to  Albion  Pierce,  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  and  for  the  county  of  Androscoggin.  "The  under- 
signed, each  of  the  age  of  21  years  or  more,  and  a  majority  of  wliom  reside  in  said  county, 
being  desirous  of  becoming  an  incorporated  parish  or  religious  society,  under  the  name  of 
the  First  Universalist  society  in  Greene,  request  you  to  issue  your  warrant  to  one  of  tliem, 
directing  him  to  notify  the  other  applicants  to  meet  at  some  proper  place  on  the  29th  day 
of  March,  A.  D.  1879,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  such  a  parisli  by  clioosing  a  clerk  and 
other  needful  parish  officers.  Signed  by  Harrison  Rose,  Hayden  Bigelow,  Oriu  Austin, 
John  E.  Parker,  George  Nutting,  Albion  Pierce,  John  B.  Hooper,  Andrew  J.  Harris,  W.  G. 
Rogers,  Jedediah  Caswell,  Edward  Sedgely,  Benjamin  E.  Allen,  Elijah  S.  Daly." 

Harrison  Rose  was  directed  to  call  the  meeting,  which  was  held  at  the 
meeting-house  March  29,  and  Harrison  Rose  was  chosen  moderator,  Hayden 
Bigelow  clerk,  and  it  was  voted  to  organize  a  religious  society  as  before 
mentioned;  also  voted  to  accept  of  a  constitution  and  by-laws  read  and 
presented  by  Hayden  Bigelow.  Chose  Harrison  Rose,  Albion  Pierce,  Hayden 
Bigelow,  trustees;  Albion  Pierce,  treasurer;  and  E.  S.  Daly,  collector.  The 
trustees  were  instructed  to  procu;'e  a  quitclaim  deed  to  the  society  of  original 
pew-owners  as  are  now  living,  or  as  many  as  possible.  April  12,  1879,  voted  to 
repair  the  meeting-house,  and  April  26  the  society  voted  "  to  accept  of  the  quit- 
claim deed  of  original  and  present  pew-owners  of  the  Universalist  meeting- 
house and  request  the  clerk  to  have  it  recorded."  August  24,  1880,  the 
membership  of  the  society  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  ten  persons. 
September  14  voted  to  remodel  and  thoroughly  repair  the  church.  This  was 
done  at  an  expense  of  $550.  In  1881  the  ofificers  chosen  were:  Hayden 
Bigelow,  clerk;  Dr  Albion  Pierce,  A.  J.  Harris,  Benjamin  E.  Allen,  trustees; 
Albion  Pierce,  treasurer  ;  and  E.  S.  Daly,  collector.  The  votes  for  the  years 
from  this  time  to  1886  concerning  the  preaching  are,  "to  instruct  the  trustees 
to  have  Sabbath  services  as  they  see  fit  with  money  in  the  treasury  and  by 
subscription." 

The  First  Free  Baptist  Church^  in  Greene  was  organized  April  7,  1826,  by 
this  committee,  sent  from  Bowdoin  Quarterly  Meeting:   Rev.  Benjamin  Th(n'n, 


1  By  LoweU  M.  Mower. 


534  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Rev.  Samuel  Robbing,  and  Rev.  Asa  McGray,  a  visiting  elder  from  Bennington, 
Nova  Scotia.  Rev.  Samuel  Robbins  explained  the  doctrine  of  the  connection 
usually  known  as  Free  Will  Baptists,  and  Rev.  Benjamin  Thorn  explained  what 
was  understood  to  constitute  a  church  in  gospel  order  according  to  the  New 
Testament,  after  which  these  persons  formed  themselves  into  the  above  church: 
Samuel  Bates,  Levi  W.  Merrill,  Peter  Freeman,  Enos  Merrill,  Azor  Merrill, 
James  Cummings,  Sally  Merrill,  Sarah  Bates,  Betsey  Cummings,  Naomi  Merrill, 
Sarah  Pratt,  Abigail  Libby,  Dorcas  Libby,  Sally  Fogg,  Sarah  Freeman,  and 
Cynthia  Cummings.  The  right-hand  of  fellowship  was  given  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Robbins,  in  behalf  of  the  Quarterly  Meeting.  Rev.  Samuel  Robbins  was 
chosen  pastor  of  the  church,  James  Cummings,  clerk.  At  a  church  meeting, 
September  17,  1827,  Luther  Robbins  and  Levi  W.  Merrill  were  chosen  deacons. 
A  noted  revival,  under  the  labors  of  Elder  Robbins,  resulted  in  a  large  number 
being  added  to  the  membership.  In  1828  a  church  edifice  was  built  in  the  west 
part  of  the  town  near  the  river.  This  church  has  been  blessed  with  many 
faithful  ministers,  who  have  labored  with  good  results.  In  1833,  during  the 
pastorate  of  Rev.  Gideon  Perkins,  several  persons  were  baptized  and  united 
with  the  church.  From  1840  to  1842  there  was  a  powerful  revival  under  the 
labors  of  Rev.  Ebenezer  G.  Eaton,  by  wliom  58  were  baptized  and  received 
into  the  church.  In  184G  there  was  another  gracious  revival,  under  the  labors 
of  Rev.  Jairus  Fuller,  resulting  in  20  being  added  by  baptism  to  the  church. 
These  revivals  carried  the  center  of  membership  away  from  the  former  location, 
near  the  river,  and  for  several  years  the  meetings  were  usually  held  in  school- 
houses,  until  1846,  when  a  part  interest  was  purchased  in  the  Universalist 
church  at  Greene  Corner,  where  the  church  worshiped  until  the  erection  of  the 
present  church  building.  For  five  years  previous  to  1846  the  church  was  in  a 
very  low  state,  and  by  advice  of  a  council  sent  from  the  Quarterly  Meeting  it 
was  decided  to  disband  and  reorganize. 

Reorganization.  —  The  church  was  reorganized  in  August,  1856,  with  these 
members:  Timothy  Jordan,  Clemina  Jordan,  Oliver  Mower,  Harriet  H.  Mower, 
Samuel  R.  Lemont,  Jane  Lemont,  Peter  Freeman,  Prudence  Freeman,  David 
Parker,  Jane  Parker,  Thomas  Starbird,  Harriet  Starbird,  Samuel  W.  Longley, 
Dorcas  Ames,  Samuel  Maxwell,  Mary  Maxwell,  Patience  Warren,  Joan  Adams, 
Almira  Hodgkins,  Miriam  Keenan,  Ann  Petengill,  Adaline  Alexander.  Oliver 
Mower  was  chosen  clerk  and  served  30  years.  Timothy  Jordan  and  Oliver 
Mower  were  chosen  deacons.  The  church  was  re-admitted  into  Quarterly 
Meeting,  June,  1857,  at  the  June  term  at  Bowdoin.  The  following  year  there 
was  much  soulful  activity  under  the  ministration  of  Revs.  G.  Perkins  and  M. 
Getchell,  and  as  a  result  of  their  labors  34  members  were  added,  by  baptism, 
to  the  church.  In  1864,  during  the  ministry  of  Rev.  O.  W.  Smith,  26  were 
baptized  and  united  with  the  church.  A  revival  in  1867,.  under  the  labors  of 
Rev.  C.  R.  Daggett,  a  resident  of    Greene,  where   God's  power  to  save   was 


Town  of  Greene.  535 


especially  manifested.  As  a  result  40  persons  were  baptized  at  one  time,  22 
by  Rev.  C.  R.  Daggett,  and  18  by  Rev.  W.  T.  Sargent  of  the  Baptist  church  ; 
22  uniting  with  the  Free  Baptist  church.  In  the  fall  and  winter  of  1877-78 
there  was  an  unusual  outpouring  of  the  Holy  S])irit  under  the  labors  of  Charles 
L.  Pinkham,  a  student  of  Bates  Theological  Seminary,  a  young  man  full  of 
faith  and  consecrated  to  God.  The  Baptist  church  united  in  the  work.  As  a 
result  a  large  number  were  converted  and  many  wanderers  brought  back  to 
the  fold;  33  members  were  added  to  the  church.  Through  the  influence  and 
energy  of  Mr  Pinkham  a  new  church  edifice  was  built  the  following  year  and 
dedicated  with  free  pews  and  free  from  debt.  The  church,  under  the  present 
efficient  pastorate  of  Rev.  George  W.  Gould,  is  well  united,  and  members 
have  been  added,  making  the  present  membership  109 ;  71  resident  and  38 
non-resident. 

The  pastors  have  been  Rev.  Samuel  Robbins,  Rev.  Gideon  Perkins,  Rev. 
E.  G.  Eaton  (has  had  several  pastorates  here),  Elder  Willey,  Rev.  Jairus 
Fuller  (has  had  several  pastorates  here),  Rev.  Isaac  Libby,  Rev.  Mark  Getchell 
(has  had  several  pastorates  here).  Rev.  O.  W.  Smith,  Rev.  John  Miller,  Rev. 
A.  S.  Prescott,  C.  R.  Daggett  (from  1878  to  1889  the  church  was  supplied 
from  Bates  Theological  Seminary),  Rev.  George  W.  Gould.  Deacons:  Luther 
Robbins,  Levi  W.  Merrill,  David  Barker,  Cyrus  Barker,  Timothy  Jordan, 
Oliver  Mower,  Samuel  Maxwell,  Leander  Patten,  Simeon  Coburn,  Moses  G. 
Beal,  John  H.  Hodgkins,  Samuel  H.  Marrow,  Leander  Patten,  Jr.  Clerks : 
James  Cummings,  Levi  W.  Merrill,  Luther  Robbins,  David  Barker,  Isaac 
Griffin,  Samuel  R.  Lemont,  E.  G.  Eaton,  Oliver  Mower,  L.  M.  Mower.  Since 
the  reorganization  public  services  have  been  constantly  held  on  the  Sabbath ; 
when  without  a  pastor  some  of  the  deacons  or  members  of  the  church  would  lead 
the  meeting.  There  have  been  many  active  workers  in  the  early  days  of  the 
church,  among  them  Deacons  Luther  Robbins,  David  Barker,  Timothy  Jordan, 
Oliver  Mower,  Samuel  Maxwell,  Leander  Patten,  and  Brother  S.  R.  Lemont. 
There  have  also  been  many  women  of  strong  intellectual  powers  and  abiding 
faith,  whose  constancy  and  zeal  have  effected  much.  Deacon  Simeon  Coburn 
and  Deacon  John  H.  Hodgkins  were  constant  and  active  in  their  service,  and 
it  might  be  truly  said  of  them,  they  magnified  their  office.  Deacon  S.  H. 
Marrow  is  an  efficient  worker,  especially  in  the  Sabbath  schools,  extending  his 
efforts  outside  the  church.  The  Sabbath  school  has  a  membership  of  50,  under 
the  superintendence  of  Deacon  Leander  Patten.  Mr  L.  M.  Mower  has  been 
chorister  for  35  years,  and  is  the  present  clerk. 

The  Methodists  occupy  the  mountain  section,  the  Stetson  and  the  Morse 
neighborhoods  in  the  north  part  of  the  town.  Years  ago  they  held  regular 
preaching  meetings  in  the  Morse  district,  but  in  later  years  only  enough 
preaching  has  been  done  in  Greene  to  secure  their  proportion  of  the  ministerial 
fund.     The  members  belong  to  the  Leeds  and  Greene  circuit,  which  has  stated 


586  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


preaching  at  Keen's  Corner  and  Quaker  Ridge  in  Leeds.  They  number  from 
12  to  15,  and  the  more  prominent  are  John  Gray  and  Cyrus  Howe  (class 
leaders),  Francis  Howe,  Charles  Sylvester. 

The  Adventists  have  about  the  same  strength  in  town  as  the  Methodists, 
with  no  organization  and  but  occasional  meetings. 

Schools  and  Teachos.  —  The  first  school  was  taught  in  the  house  of  Deacon 
Lemuel  Cummings,  one  of  the  first  three  framed  houses  which  tradition  says 
were  raised  on  the  same  day  and  were  owned  by  Benjamin  Merrill,  Benjamin 
Merrill,  Jr,  and  Deacon  Cummings.  The  school-room  was  without  iloor 
boards  and  as  there  was  no  cellar  the  pupils  used  the  floor  timbers  for  seats. 
This  school  was  taught  in  1780  by  Captain  John  Daggett,  and  for  several 
years  he  was  the  teacher  in  the  same  room,  and  one  term  in  the  house  of  John 
Pettingill.  The  elite  of  Lewiston  sent  their  advanced  pupils  for  instrnction  in 
the  higher  branches  to  Greene  in  the  early  days,  as  tradition  again  informs  us. 
In  1788  or  1789  a  school-house  was  built  on  a  gravelly  knoll  near  Captain 
Thaddeus  Sawyer's.  It  had  one  low  story,  two  small  windows,  and  was  very 
small.  The  next  school-house  was  built  near  where  Samuel  Fogg  lives ;  the 
existing  one  being  put  up  about  1825.  The  first  division  into  districts  was 
made  in  1790  when  the  four  cardinal  points  were  represented  in  their  names, 
and  from  that  time  efficient  school  committees  and  well-educated  teachers  were 
provided. 

The  early  teachers  succeeding  Captain  Daggett  were  Dr  Ammi  R.  Cutter, 
Captain  Sawyer,  Aaron  Daggett,  Esq.,  Solomon  Stafford,  Josiah  Larrabee,  John 
Mower,  Jr,  Samuel  and  Eli  Herrick,  Masters  West  and  Sylvester,  and  John 
Davis,  who  was  liberally  educated,  and  taught  the  first  high  school.  The  next 
class  of  teachers  were  Tristram  Hill,  Colonel  Augustus  Sprague,  Elias  Adams, 
Esq.,  Deacon  Oliver  Mower,  Benson  Caswell,  Ingerson  and  Ammi  Parker. 
Nathaniel  Sawyer  and  Ammi  Parker  were  graduates  of  Bowdoin,  and  taught 
in  the  higher  institutions.  Ruggles  Sylvester  was  the  first  son  of  Greene  to 
graduate  from  a  college,  and  he  tauglit  high  schools  here.  Other  teachers  were 
Freeman  Lander,  John  E.  Sawyer,  Rev.  Silas  E.  Cummings,  Silas  Sprague 
(who  also  taught  high  schools).  John  Mower,  Alexis  Herrick,  Captain  Aaron 
Mower,  and  Ziba  A.  Gilbert  were  noted  and  prominent  instructors.  Among 
the  valuable  female  teachers  were  Clarissa  Sylvester,  Abigail  Bailey,  Susan 
Collier,  Abigail  Cable,  Catherine  and  Hannah  Mulloy,  Sarah  Cutter  (Mrs 
Isaiah  Coburn),  Franciana  Pratt,  Delinda  Jackson  (who  has  taught  about  100 
terms,  is  an  instructor  of  the  highest  order,  fitting  many  excellent  teachers  for 
their  work),  Augusta  Daggett  (a-  prominent  teacher),  Mrs  Marshall  Sawyer, 
Sedora  Hill,  Lucinda  Harris,  Lillie  Skillings,  Cora  Randall,  Nettie  Pratt,  Stella 
Washburn,  Alice  Bradbury,  and  others.  Cynthia,  Sabrina,  and  Lydia  Allen 
had  much  reputation  and  were  able  teachers.  The  town  has  had  its  educa- 
tional interests  well  cared    for.     Among  the  su[)erintendiiig  committee  have 


Town  op  Greene.  537 


been  the  best  men  of  the  municipality:  Tristram  Hill,  Elias  Adams,  Thaddeus 
Sawyer,  Aaron  Daggett,  Steplieu  W.  Sylvester,  Freeman  Lander,  Ingerson 
Parker,  John  E.  Sawyer,  Oliver  Mower,  Silas  Sprague,  Col  Augustus  Sprague, 
Virgil  H.  Sprague,  Byron  G.  Hill,  Aaron  S.  Daggett,  W.  F.  Mower,  Rev.  C.  R. 
Daggett,  Greenwood  Harris,  Dr  Albion  Pierce,  James  H.  Stetson,  Ziba  A. 
Gilbert.  Clement  S.  Stetson  is  our  first  able  and  popular  supervisor  of 
schools.  Franciana  Pratt  began  teaching  when  10,  and  taught  during  the 
summer  for  18  years,  and  most  of  the  winters.  She  was  the  first  female  to 
teach  a  winter  school,  and  belongs  to  the  third  generation  of  teachers.  Mary 
Merrill  (Mrs  John  Cummings),  also  of  second  generation,  was  a  noteworthy 
teacher.  Captain  Aaron  Daggett's  family  of  five  sons  and  two  daughters  were 
teachers.  A.  Augusta  Daggett  taught  20  terms,  Rev.  Converse  R.  Daggett 
over  50  terms,  Greenlief  Daggett,  M.D.,  20  terms  here  and  elsewhere. 
Probably  no  other  family  has  furnished  so  many  teachers,  the  members  thereof 
teaching  over  25  years.  The  families  of  Reuben  Stetson,  Benjamin  Allen, 
Tristram  Hill,  and  Andrew  J.  Harris  have  provided  able  teachers.  Arthur 
Moulton,  Frank  Mower,  Charles  A.  Washburn,  John  Nichols,  Charles  Nichols, 
and  Ralph  A.  Paiker  are  graduates  of  Bates  College  and  teachers  in  high 
schools  and  academies.  Galen  M.  Beals  is  a  graduate  of  Bates,  and  John 
Sturgis  of  Tufts. 

Temperance.  —  Greene  early  took  a  strong  stand  in  favor  of  temperance, 
and  temperance  societies  have  been  well  sustained ;  the  active  organization  of 
to-day  being  Hope  Lodge,  I.  O.  G.  T.,  which  meets  Tuesdays.  It  is  said  that 
no  liquor  has  been  sold  as  a  beverage  in  town  for  fifty  years. 

Revolution  and  the  War  of  1812.  —  Before  settling  in  Greene,  Colonel 
William  Sprague,  Colonel  Jabez  Bates,  Captain  John  Daggett,  Captain  Icha- 
bod  Phillips,  Jairus  Phillips,  Luther  Robbins,  John  and  Samuel  Mower, 
Thomas  More,  George  Berry,  John  Allen,  Joseph  McKenney,  Benjamin  Alden, 
Ezekiel  Hackett,  Batchelor  Stetson,  and  Benjamin  Quiraby  had  served  in  the 
Colonial  Army  in  the  Revolution ;  and  in  the  War  of  1812  Captain  Daniel 
Crossman,  Aaron  and  Luther  IVIower,  Elisha  Drake,  Abner  Merrill,  Jacob 
St  Clair,  Ammi  Larrabee,  Thomas  Graffam,  Edward  Parker,  Gilbert  Cham- 
berlain, Caleb  Stetson,  Benjamin  Pratt,  John  and  Coulard  Perham,  Joseph 
Clark,  John  Adams,  Broderic  Dillingham,-  and  others  went  from  this  town. 

Madawasha  War  (1839).  —  John  E.  Sawyer,  'Samuel  Hackett,  Joseph 
Hackett,  Amos  Hackett,  Ezekiel  Hackett,  George  Austin,  Jesse  Cummings, 
Leonard  Griffin,  Lora  B.  Stevens,  Harrison  Rose,  Mark  Caswell,  Wm  M. 
Lougley,  Oliver  P.  Hooper,  Edward  Sedgley,  Chas  A.  Additon,  Amos  Clark, 
and  Jacob  Kimball  were  members  of  the  company  of  militia  which  was 
ordered  to  the  seat  of  war,  but  on  arriving  at  Plantation  No.  10,  now  Masardis, 
their  march  was  stopped  by  the  news  of  peace. 

Gkebne  in  the  41EBELLION.  —  The  town  furnished  159  soldiers.  1861, 
September  28,  the  town  voted  that  families  left  in  indigent  circumstances  by 


538  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


those  who  had  enlisted,  be  cared  for.  July  21  voted  to  pay  $70  to  each 
volunteer  enlisting  to  fill  up  the  town's  quota  of  13  men.  September  8  voted 
to  pay  each  volunteer  or  drafted  man  under  the  last  call,  $150.  1863,  July  8, 
voted  to  pay  each  man  enlisting  in  the  army,  -150;  in  the  navy,  $100;  and  each 
drafted  man,  $200.  November  19  voted  to  pay  each  volunteer  under  the  last 
call,  $200,  and  December  26  to  pay  an  additional  bounty  of  $150.  1864,  June 
25,  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  pay  a  town  bounty  of  $25.  August  27, 
voted  to  advance  the  state  bounties,  and  to  pay  a  town  bounty  of  $300. 
August  30  it  was  reported  that  12  men  had  enlisted,  and  William  M.  Longley 
and  J.  M.  Robbins  were  chosen  to  recruit.  December  12,  voted  to  pay  volun- 
teers or  substitutes  $300  for  three  years,  $200  for  2  years,  and  $100  for  one 
year.  1865,  February  11,  voted  to  increase  the  town  bounty  $100,  if  necessary, 
to  raise  the  quota.  April  1  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  fill  the  town's 
quota  on  the  most  reasonable  terras.  September  25,  voted  to  refund  the 
money  subscribed  by  the  Soldiers'  Fund  Society  used  in  filling  the  quota  of 
August,  1864. 

Centennud.  —  August  23, 1888,  the  centennial  of  the  organization  of  Greene 
was  celebrated  with  great  enthusiasm  by  a  large  assembly  on  Daggett's  Hill. 
Excellent  preparations  had  been  made  by  the  committee  of  arrangement,  who 
were:  Eli  Hodgkins,  Albion  Pierce,  M.D.,  Byron  G.  Hill,  V.  H.  Sprague, 
Charles  A.  Bradbury,  C.  M.  Washburn,  Clement  S.  Stetson,  H.  Scott  Parker, 
John  E.  Sawyer,  Captain  Andrew  J.  Harris,  F.  N.  Mower,  Rev.  C.  R.  Daggett. 
Addresses  were  made  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Cummings,  Rev.  Selden  Gilbert,  Rev.  C. 
M.  Emery.  Hon.  Ziba  A.  Gilbert  gave  the  address  of  welcome,  Silas  Sprague 
read  a  poem,  and  Mrs  Annie  C.  Pratt,  wife  of  John  F.  Pratt,  M.D.,  of  Chelsea, 
Mass.,  gave  a  historical  sketch  of  the  town,  concluding  with  an  original  poem. 

Longevity.  —  The  long  list  of  persons  who  have  lived  to  a  ripe  old  age  in 
Greene  is  an  eloquent  testimonial  to  the  pure  air  and  pleasant  climate.  Mr 
Lowell  M.  Mower  gives  us  the  names  of  these  persons  who  have  attained  an 
age  of  over  80  years,  within  a  square  mile  from  the  school-house  in  district 
No.  6  :  John  Mower,  nearly  95;  Philip  Keenan,  94,  a  pensioner  of  the  War  of 
1812;  Mrs  Mary  Mower,  93 ;  Mrs  Julia  Johnston,  90 ;  Mrs  Jemima  Ranlett, 
94;  Mrs  Rebecca  Mower,  90;  Mrs  Thomas  Lang,  88;  Susannah  Adams,  86; 
Mehitable  Mower,  93;  Rev.  Benjamin  B.  Murray,  84,  father  of  U.  S.  Marshal 
Benjamin  B.  Murray,  Jr,  the  champion  teacher,  and  at  one  time  the  leading 
Universalist  clergyman  of  Maine ;  Joseph  Manson  and  his  wife  in  the  house 
south  of  the  school-house;  Isaac  Furbush,  80,  in  the  next  house  but  one 
towards  the  depot;  next,  Mrs  Jane  Films,  86,  the  next  but  one  on  the  left; 
Isaiah  Coburn,  94,  and  his  wife,  Sarah,  91,  who  drew  a  map  of  Maine  of  which 
our  modern  draughtsmen  might  be  proud.  At  the  depot,  Leonard  Mower,  82; 
Mrs  Lydia  R.  Mower,  94,  a  daughter  of  Luther  Robbins;  the  father  of  the 
"Betterment    Act,"    Jonathan    Mower,    86;    Samuel    Mower,    86;    Jonathan 


Town  of  Greene.  539 


Mower,  2d,  83 ;  William  Mower,  88 ;  Mrs  Lyclia  T.  Mower,  85 ;  Mrs  Abigail 
Thomas,  86;  and  Major  John  B.  Hooper,  80.  In  1888,  besides  these,  we  find 
these  octogenarians  and  others  living  in  Greene :  Mr  Lewis,  aged  90 ;  Mar- 
garet Pickett,  89;  Oliver  Mower,  84,  the  oldest  member  of  the  legislature 
when  he  represented  the  town  ;  Mr  Hodgkins,  84;  Col  Augustus  Sprague, 
88;  Daniel  Quimby,  88;  Mr  Hawes,  82;  Reuben  Rae,  82 ;  Mr  Quimby,  89; 
In  the  pleasant  cemetery  at  Greene  Corner,  within  a  very  short  distance  of 
each  other,  lie  the  bodies  of  Rev.  Phineas  Pillsbury,  aged  92  years  8  months; 
Hon.  Elijah  Barrell,  aged  83;  Rev.  David  Nutter,  aged  81;  Isaiah  Coburn, 
aged  92  years  9  months;    Stephen  Rackley,  aged  93  years  8  months. 

Burying  Crrounds.  —  In  1805  four  burying  grounds  were  laid  out:  one  at 
Greene  Corner,  one  in  the  Peary  neighborhood,  one  near  Capt.  Grossman's, 
and  one  on  the  Mountain.  The  first  persons  buried  at  the  corner  were  the 
wife  of  John  Pettingill  and  the  wife  of  Benjamin  Pratt.  The  cemetery  at  the 
corner  has  a  much  more  favorable  location  than  the  others,  and,  about  1872, 
was  enlarged,  and,  through  the  especial  interest  of  Amos  Clark,  was  much 
improved,  beautified,  and  enclosed  by  a  substantial  and  ornamental  fence,  and 
from  that  time  it  has  been  kept  in  fine  condition. 

The  Physicians. — Br  George  L.  Peaslee  was  born  at  Gilmanton,  N.  H., 
in  1828.  He  was  educated  for  his  profession  at  Gilmanton  and  Concord,  N.  H., 
received  his  degree  of  M.D.  in  Castleton,  Vt,  and  practiced  medicine  in  Wilton 
and  Auburn,  Me.  In  1882  he  located  at  Greene,  where  he  has  an  extensive 
farm,  and  still  retains  his  residence  in  Auburn.  Br  Albion  Pierce.  [See  sketch.] 
Br  Frank  E.  Sleejyr  is  a  resident  of  Greene,  but  is  more  identified  with  the 
village  of  Sabattus,  of  which  the  southeastern  portion  of  Greene  forms  a  part. 

Orcharding  and  Orchardisfs.  —  About  1850  orcharding  became  an  extensive 
and  remunerative  occupation,  and  the  chief  industry  of  the  town.  The  favorite 
varieties  of  apples  raised  are  the  Baldwins,  Northern  Spy,  Tompkins-County 
King,  Bellflower,  Roxbury  Russet,  and  Ben  Davis.  The  fruit  is  of  fine  quality, 
and  from  its  valuable  keeping  properties  brings  the  highest  prices  for  European 
markets.  John  C.  Mower,  Charles  Richardson,  Wilbur  F.  Mower,  Alfred  P. 
and  Alfred  A.  Mower,  Wm  M.  Longley,  Albion  Mower,  Ziba  A.  Gilbert, 
A.  B.  Donnell,  Wallace  W.  Mower,  H.  W.  Blaisdell,  R.  S.  Carville,  and  H.  H. 
Coburn  are  the  largest  raisers,  each  producing  in  a  productive  season  from  200 
to  500  barrels  of  merchantable  fruit.  A  number  of  young  orchards  have  been 
set  out  in  late  years,  Dr  Peaslee  having  one  of  1,000  trees;  E.  L.  Mower  and 
W.  W.  Stetson  one  of  300,  and  large  additions  have  been  made  to  old  orchards. 
Dairying  is  an  important  industry.  Among  those  carrying  it  on  most  exten- 
sively are  Z.  A.  Gilbert,  John  L.  Howe,  Francis  E.  Howe,  D.  B.  Wiley,  F.  B. 
Hammond,  A.  B.  Parker,  Fred  B.  Parker,  W.  A.  Hoyt,  Wm  H.  Maxwell, 
Andrew  J.  Harris,  Hayden  Bigelow,  and  Dr  G.  T.  Peaslee.  Dr  Peaslee  is 
paying  attention  to  Holstein  stock  and  Mr  Wiley  to  Guernsey  and  Jersey 
cattle. 


540  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Merchants.  —  Everett  L.  Mower  has  been  in  trade  at  Greene  Station  since 
1861.  Howard  W.  Gamage  has  dealt  in  flour,  grain,  and  feed  since  1882,  and 
has  a  groceiy.     Alden  Sawyer  began  trade  in  1888. 

Some  Smart  Things  Done  hy  Grreene  Men.^  —  Aaron  Stevens  mowed  two 
acres  of  heav}^  grass,  a  part  of  it  lodged,  one  morning  before  breakfast, 
between  the  hours  of  8  and  7  o'clock,  and  carried  the  swaths,  some  of  them 
beino-  13  feet  wide.  A  Mr  Additon  (Isaiah  B.  Additon's  grandfather)  trav- 
eled some  five  miles,  felled  two  acres  of  first  or  old  growth  woods  in  one  day, 
and  carried  two  bushels  of  corn  meal  home  on  his  shoulder  for  pay  at  night. 
Benjamin  Stevens  bound  one  acre  of  wheat  for  Thomas  Longley  within 
seven  minutes.  It  was  brought  together  in  rows  and  lain  in  bands.  Mr  Stevens 
bound  the  first  bundle,  threw  it  over  his  head  high  in  the  air  and  before  it  fell 
to  the  ground  he  bound  another  and  threw  it  the  same  way,  and  thus  kept 
two  bundles  in  the  air  till  it  was  all  bound.  Joseph  Hackett  pitched  one 
ton  of  hay  off  an  ox-cart  up  to  a  common  barn  scaffold  in  four  minutes 
and  a  few  seconds;  was  done  on  a  bet  that  he  could  not  in  seven;  hay  not 
weighed,  but  agreed  to  as  a  ton.  Mr  Hackett  took  the  bet  and  rum  (one 
gallon).  He  also  cut  one  cord  of  wood  from  one  picked  tree  in  55  minutes, 
split  it,  and  piled  it.  (John  Stevens  timed  him,  he  said,  correctly.)  John 
Harris  and  Calvin  Briggs  mowed  a  field  of  19  acres,  less  one  acre  for  bushes 
and  buildings,  or  18  acres  in  one  day.  They  commenced  at  sunrise  and  ended  at 
sunset,  tended  to  business,  and  spoke  not  a  word.  The  first  shingles  sawn  in 
this  state  were  sawn  by  Marcus  Gilbert,  of  this  town,  at  the  outlet  of  Allen 
Pond  in  Greene.  This  Mr  Gilbert  was  a  remarkably  fine  carpenter  and  tool- 
maker.  He  made  a  set  of  bench  planes  which  took  the  first  premium  in 
New  York  City  at  the  State  Fair  of  New  York.  Ahira  Gilbert  and  Elisha 
Sampson  were  also  fine,  expert  joiners.  At  a  trial  in  making  a  common  four 
panel  2-6" x 6-6"  door  (1  inch  or  li  inches  thick),  taking  the  lumber  in 
the  rough  and  doing  the  work  all  by  hand,  they  each  completed  a  door  in 
two  hours,  and  no  difference  in  time  or  their  motions  could  be  discovered.  It 
was  said  to  be  like  clock  work. 

Natives  of  Grreene  who  have  attained  prominence  elsewhere :  ^ 

Sewall  Alleu,'^  Waterville,  physician  ;  Lewis  Beals,-^  physician  ;  Abial  D.  Crossman,-  New 
Orleans,  tirst  mayor  ofj  Silas  Ciunmings,  Somerville,  Mass.,  preacher;  Aaron  S.  Daggett, 
Auburn,  officer  in  the  Rebellion  and  U.  S.  A.;  William  F.  Eaton,  Portland,  preacher; 
Alauson  B.  Farwell,^  Augusta,  lawyer;  Selden  Gilbert,  preacher;  Moses  H.  Harris, 
Chicago,  Uuiversalist  D.D.;  William  H.  Haskell,  Falmouth,  Congregational  minister;  Silas 
H.  Haskell,2 Newtonville,  Mass.,  teacher  in  Boston;  Winfield  S.  Hill,  Augusta,  physician; 
Holman  Jennings,  New  Jersey,  physician;  Lindley  F.  Lemont,2  Lewiston,  captain  (who 
was  shot  with  the  most  bullets);  Benjamin  Longley, 2  Portland,  expressman;  Duane 
Mower,'- South  Carolina,  merchant ;   Alonzo  Mower,- Worcester,  Mass.,  machinist;    Frank 

'Contributed  hy  Frank  N.  Mower. 
-Deceased. 


Town  of  Gkeenb.  541 


0.  Mower,  San  Francisco,  teacher;  Eugene  S.  Afovver,  New  York  City,  coal  dealer; 
Thomas  D.  Mower,  East  Saginaw,  Midi.,  city  marshal;  Ammi  Parker,'^,  graduate  of 
Bowdoin,  lawyer;  John  F.  Pi'att,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  physician;  Calvin  B.  Robbins,^  New 
Orleans,  accountant;  John  M.  Robbins,  Lewiston,  railroad  contractor  and  banker;  Averson 
G.  Robbius,^  Gardiner,  machinist  and  mathematician;  Nathaniel  L.  Sawyer, ■!  Gardiner, 
lawyer,  graduated  at  head  of  his  class  at  Bowdoin  College;  Oliver  M.  Sprague,  Turner, 
physician;  Silas  Sprague,  Auburn,  register  of  deeds;  Benry  M.  Sprague,  Auburn,  adjutant- 
general;  Wm  W.  Stetson,  Aui)urn,  teacher;  Herbert  Lee  Stetson,  D.D.,  Des  Moines,  la., 
president  Des  Moines  College;  Almon  H.  Wilkins,-  Illinois,  superintendent  of  schools; 
Chas  A.  Washburn^  Augusta,  teacher. 

Civil  List. — 1788  — Benjamin  Merrill,  3d,  clerk;  Benjamin  Merrill,  Sen.,  Lemuel  Comins,  John 
Larrabee,  John  Daggett,  Benjamin  Alden,  selectmen.  1789  —  Benjamin  Merrill,  3d,  clerk;  Lemuel 
Comins.  Benjamin  Merrill,  Sen.,  John  Daggett,  John  Larrabee,  Benjamin  Alden,  selectmen.  1790- 
1791  —  Benjamin  Merrill,  3d,  clerk;  Benjamin  Merrill,  John  Larrabee,  John  Daggett,  selectmen. 
1792-1793  —  Benjamin  Merrill,  3d,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  Benjamin  Alden,  Luther  Bobbins,  selectmen. 

1794  —  Benjamin   Merrill,  3d,  clerk;   John  Daggett,  Luther  Robbins,  Solomon   Bates,  Jr,  selectmen. 

1795  — Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  Luther  Robbins,  Ammi  R.  Cutter,  selectmen.  1790  — 
Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  ISeujamin  Alden,  John  Allen,  selectmen.  1797  —  Ammi  R. 
Cutter,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  Luther  Robbins,  Benjamin  Alden,  selectmen.  1798  —  Ammi  R.  Cutter, 
clerk;  John  Daggett,  Benjamin  Merrill,  Esq.,  Benjamin  Alden,  selectmen.  1799-1800-1801-1802  — 
Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  Benjamin  Merrill,  Esq.,  Luther  Robbins,  selectmen.  1803  — 
Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk;  Benjamin  Merrill,  William  Doan,  John  Allen,  selectmen.  1801  —  James 
Nelson,  clerk;  William  Doan,  John  Daggett,  Luther  Robbins,  selectmen.  ]805  —  Ammi  R.  Cutter, 
clerk;  John  Daggett,  William  Doan,  Luther  Robbins,  selectmen.  1800  —  Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk; 
William  Doan,  John  Daggett,  Isaac  Beals,  selectmen.  1807 — Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk;  John  Daggett, 
Silas  Richardson,  Zebedee  Shaw,  selectmen.  1808 —  Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  William 
Doan,  Zebedee  Shaw,  selectmen.  1809  —  Luther  Robbins,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  William  Doan, 
Zebedee  Shaw,  selectmen.  1810 — Luther  Robbins,  clerk;  John  Daggett,  Luther  Robbins,  Benjamin 
Alden,  selectmen.  1811  —  Luther  Robbins,  clerk;  Luther  Robbins,  Benjamin  Alden,  Silas  Richardson, 
selectmen.  1812-1813  —  Ammi  R.  Cutter,  clerk;  William  Doan,  John  Daggett,  Zebedee  Shaw,  select- 
men. 1814-1815-1816-1817  — John  Daggett,  Jr,  clerk;  Luther  Robbins,  Benjamin  Alden,  Zebedee  Shaw, 
selectmen.  1818-1819  — Aaron  Mower,  clerk;  Moses  Sprague,  Aaron  Daggett,  Aaron  Mower,  selectmen. 
1820-1821 —Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Moses  Sprague,  Elijah  Barrell,  Nathaniel  Robbins,  selectmen. 
1822-1823 — Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Moses  Sprague,  Aaron  Mower,  Josiah  Larrabee,  selectmen. 
1824  —  Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Aaron  Daggett,  Silas  Richardson,  Thaddeus  Sawyer,  selectmen. 
1825 — Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Moses  Sprague,  Silas  Richardson,  Aaron  Mower,  selectmen.  1826- 
1827  —  Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Moses  Sprague,  Aaron  Daggett,  Josiah  Larrabee,  selectmen.  1828- 
1829 — Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  Nathaniel  Harris,  Alfred  Pierce,  selectmen.  1830 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  Nathaniel  Harris,  Josiah  Larrabee,  selectmen.  1831  — 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  Moses  Sprague,  Nathaniel  Robbins,  selectmen.  1832  — 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Benjanain  Allen,  Nathaniel  Harris,  Solomon  Brown,  selectmen.  1833  — 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  Solomon  Brown,  Tristram  Hill,  selectmen.  1834  — 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Solomon  Brown,  Tristram  Hill,  Lewis  Gilbert,  selectmen.  1835  — 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  Moses  Sprague,  Solomon  Brown,  selectmen.  1836  — 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Alfred  Pierce,  Moses  S^jrague,  Solomon  Brown,  selectmen.  1837  — 
Nathaniel  Robbins,  clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  Moses  Sprague,  Tristram  Hill,  selectmen.  18.38  —  Alfred 
Pierce,  clerk;  Alfred  Pierce,  Benjamin  Allen,  Tristram  Hill,  selectmen.  1839 — Nathaniel  Robbins, 
clerk;  Nathaniel  Robbins,  Stephen  Myrick,  Jr,  Augustus  Sprague,  selectmen.  1840  —  Nathaniel 
Harris,  clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  John  Stevens,  Tristram  Hill,  selectmen.  1841  —  Nathaniel  Robbins, 
clerk;  Augustus  Sprague,  Joseph  Richmond,  Ingerson  Parker,  selectmen.  1842  —  Nathaniel  Harris, 
clerk;  Tristram  Hill,  Augustus  Sprague,  Ingerson  Parker,  selectmen.  1843  —  Nathaniel  Harris, 
clerk;  Benjamin  Allen,  Bryant  Robinson,  Jacob  McKenney,  selectmen.  1844  —  Lora  B.  Stevens, 
clerk;  Ingerson  Parker,  Jacob  McKenney,  Thaddeus  Sawyer,  selectmen.  1845  —  Lora  B.  Stevens, 
clerk;    Ingerson  Parker,  Tristram   Hill,  William  A.  Herrick,  selectmen.      1846 — Lora  B.  Stevens, 

2  Deceased. 


542  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


clerk-  Augustus  Sprague,  Oliver  Mower,  Eliphalet  Coburn,  selectmen.  1847— Lora  B.  Stevens, 
clerk-  Benjamin  Allen,  David  Wilkins,  William  A.  Herrick,  selectmen.  1848  — Lora  B.  Stevens, 
clerk-  William  A.  Herrick,  Augustus  Sprague,  Stephen  W.  Sylvester,  selectmen.  1849— Silas 
Sprague,  clerk;  William  A.  Herrick,  Augustus  Sprague,  Harrison  Rose,  selectmen.  18.50— Duane 
Mower,  clerk;  Augustus  Sprague,  Harrison  Rose,  Isaac  Jennings,  selectmen.  1851  — Duane  Mower, 
clerk-  Benjamin  Allen,  Harrison  Rose,  Tristram  Hill,  selectmen.  1852  — Duane  Mower,  clerk; 
Benjamin  Allen,  Harrison  Rose,  Joel  Weymouth,  selectmen.  1853  — Duane  Mower,  clerk;  Benjamin 
Allen,  William  A.  Herrick,  Joel  Weymouth,  selectmen.  1854  —  Silas  Sprague,  clerk;  Tristram  Hill, 
Eliphalet  Coburn,  Augustus  Sprague,  selectmen.  1855  — Silas  Sprague,  clerk;  Daniel  L.Weymouth, 
Lewis  Gilbert,  Leonard  Mower,  selectmen.  1856— Henry  P.  Curtis,  clerk;  William  S.  Parker,  Stephen 
W.  Sylvester,  Zelotes  R.  Additon,  selectmen.  1857  — Henry  P.  Curtis,  clerk  ;  Tristram  Hill,  Harrison 
Rose,  John  Stevens,  selectmen.  1858  — Henry  P.  Curtis,  clerk;  Tristram  Hill,  Daniel  L.Weymouth, 
Silas  Sprague,  selectmen.  1859— Henry  P.  Curtis,  clerk;  Harrison  Rose,  John  E.  Sawyer,  Henry  H. 
Bates,  selectmen.  18G0  — Franklin  N.  Mower,  clerk;  Harri.son  Rose,  John  E.  Sawyer,  Henry  H. 
Bates,  selectmen.  1801  — Franklin  N.  Mower,  clerk;  Leonard  Mower,  John  Stevens,  John  M. 
Robbins,  selectmen.  1862 — Henry  P.  Curtis,  clerk;  Harrison  Rose,  Aaron  Winslow,  Charles  M. 
Washburn,  selectmen.  1863  — A.  P.  Mower,  clerk;  Aaron  Winslow,  D.  L.  Weymouth,  John  E. 
Sawyer,  selectmen.  1864  — Franklin  N.  Mower,  clerk  (Mr  Mower  was  also  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy 
in  the  office  of  clerk  February  2,  1864);  D.  L.  Weymouth,  H.  H.  Bates,  Z.  A.  Gilbert,  selectmen. 
1865  — A.  Pierce,  clerk;  Tristram  Hill,  C.  M.  Washburn,  D.  L.  Weymouth,  selectmen.  1866  —  Albion 
Pierce,  clerk;  Tristram  Hill,  Josiah  Mower,  William  M.  Longley,  selectmen.  1867  —  Albion  Pierce, 
clerk;  William  M.  Longley,  Tristram  Hill,  Greenleaf  Parker,  selectmen.  1868 — Albion  Pierce,  clerk; 
William  M.  Longley,  Simeon  C.Wiley,  Charles  M.  Washburn,  selectmen.  1869— A.  Pierce,  clerk; 
Augustus  Sprague,  Charles  M.  Washburn,  Andrew  J.  Harris,  selectmen.  1870—  Albion  Pierce,  clerk; 
Tristram  Hill,  C.  M.  Washburn,  Hayden  Bigelow,  selectmen.  1871  — Albion  Pierce,  clerk;  H.  Rose, 
C.  M.  Washburn,  A.  J.  Harris,  selectmen.  1872 —  Albion  Pierce,  clerk;  William  Sprague,  D.  O.  Libby, 
John  L.  Howe,  selectmen.  1873-1874-1875-1876—  Albion  Pierce,  clerk;  Harrison  Rose,  Charles  M. 
Washburn,  Andrew  J.  Harris,  selectmen.  1877 — Albion  Pierce,  clerk;  Harrison  Rose,  E.  L.  Mower, 
A.  J.  Harris,  selectmen.  1878  — H.  H.  Burbank,  clerk;  F.  N.  Mower,  E.  L.  Mower,  C.  M.  Washburn, 
selectmen.  1879-1880-1881-1882-1883  — H.  H.  Burbank,  clerk;  Charles  M.  Washburn,  Frank  N. 
Mower,  Andrew  J.  Harris,  selectmen.  (Burbank  resigned  in  January,  1884;  William  Sprague  was 
appointed.  1884  —  Albion  Pierce,  clerk;  Charles  M.  Washburn,  Frank  N.  Mower,  Andrew  J.  Harris, 
selectmen.  1885 — Thomas  G.  Pratt,  clerk;  C.  M.  Washburn,  F.  N.  Mower,  A.  J.  Harris,  selectmen. 
1886-1887-1888  —  W.  H.Thomas,  clerk;  Z.  A.  Gilbert,  H.  H.  Coburn,  G.  E.  Fogg,  selectmen.  (Mr 
Thonjas  resigned  December  11,  1888;  William  Sprague  was  appointed.)  1889 —  William  Sprague,  clerk; 
V.  H.  Sprague,  Eli  Hodgkins,  John  W.  Moulton,  selectmen.  1890-1891  —  William  Sprague,  clerk;  Eli 
Hodgkins,  H.  H.  Coburn,  J.  S.  Weymouth,  selectmen. 


Town  of  Greene.  543 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 

THE   SPRAGUE   FAMILY. 

THE  Spra<iue  Family  is  prominent  in  early  New  England  history.  William, 
Ralph,  and  Richard  Sprague,  sons  of  Edward  Sprague,  a  fuller  of 
Upway,  County  Dorset,  England  (who  died  in  1614),  arrived  at  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  1628,  and  the  same  year  obtained  Governor  Endicott's  consent  to  locate 
in  Mishawum  (Charlestown),  and  they  built  the  first  houses  in  that  important 
settlement  and  were  men  of  authority  and  substance.  William  moved  to 
Hingham  in  1635,  married  Millicent  Eames,  and  had  Anthony,  1636  ;  John, 
1638;  Samuel,  1640;  Jonathan,  1648;  William,  1650,  and  died  in  1675,  aged 
QQ.  William,  Jr,  went  to  Bridgewater  and  was  the  progenitor  of  a  large  and 
leading  race,  and  Sprague's  Hill  in  that  town  honors  the  family  name.  John., 
born  1638,  was  one  of  the  old  Mendon  proprietors  and  an  extensive  land- 
holder. He  lived  and  died  in  Mendon,  now  the  extreme  southwest  corner 
of  Milford,  originally  laid  out  to  John  Bartlett.  He  married  Elizabeth  Hol- 
brook  and  had  sons,  John,  William,  Ebenezer,  and  died  October  6,  1683. 
William.,hoY\\  in  1679,  inherited  the  homestead;  his  son  WiUlayn^hoxn  in  1719, 
married  Margaret  Brainard,  had  Col  William.,  born  in  1759,  subsequently 
removed  to  Winthrop,  and  previous  to  1775  was  deeded  lands  as  "of  Win- 
throp,"  and  in  1775  had  conveyances  of  lands  made  to  him  as  "of  Greene." 
He  died  in  Greene  about  1800. 

Col  William  Sj)ra<jue  became  the  owner  of  a  large  acreage  of  land  at 
Sprague's  Mills.  Rev.  Paul  Coffin,  in  his  journal  of  his  missionary  labors, 
says:  "1797,  October  24,  came  to  Greene  and  put  up  with  William  Sprague. 
His  house  is  about  40  by  35,  built  of  brick.  He  came  from  the  county  of 
Worcester  and  fixed  here  about  15  years  past.  Sprague  has  a  grist  and  saw- 
mill, and  has,  I  think,  a  good  interest."  Col  Sprague  was  born  March  3, 1759, 
in  what  is  now  Milford,  Mass.,  and  married  Anna  Marrow,  of  Winthrop,  Me. 
Their  children  attaining  maturity  were  Moses.,  1783 ;  Ruth,  1784,  m.  Seth 
Herrick;  Anna,  1786,  m.  Jonathan  Shepley ;  Susannah,  1788,  m.  Reuben 
Bates;  William,  1790;  Isaac,  1792;  Sarah,  1794,  m.  Russell  H.  Read ;  Char- 
lotte, 1796,  m.  Benjamin  Quimby ;  Greene,  born  in  1804,  father  of  Silas, 
register  of  deeds  in  Auburn,  and  William,  town  clerk  of  Greene  ;  Washington. 
Mr  Sprague  was  unusually  active  in  building  up  and  developing  the  town,  and 
his  mills  were  prime  factors  in  the  growth  of  the  settlement.  He  had  a  com- 
manding presence,  became  colonel  of  the  militia,  and  excelled  as  a  tactician. 
The  brick   house,  now  a  part  of   the   residence    of    Virgil    H.  Sprague,  was 


544  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

erected  b}^  him  as  early  as  1796.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and  was 
shot  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth  by  a  bullet  through  both  thighs,  from  which 
he  was  lame  ever  after.     He  died  June  20,  1828. 

Col  Moses  Sprague,  son  of  Col  William,  was  born  August  8,  1783.  He 
was  prominent  in  various  spheres  of  activity,  was  a  farmer  and  blacksmith, 
chairman  of  selectmen  several  years,  representative  from  Greene,  and  was 
"eminently  qualified  for  official  position."  He  commanded  a  company  in 
the  War  of  1812,  and  later  became  a  colonel  of  the  militia.  At  the  death  of 
his  father  he,  with  his  brother  Washington,  succeeded  to  the  ownership  of 
Sprague's  Mills,  and,  having  located  his  home  near  by,  he  continued  an  active 
participant  in  the  business  of  the  community  to  the  time  of  his  death,  July  23, 
1839.  He  married  Mirinda  Read,  who  died  in  1845.  Their  children  were 
Augustus^  Elvira  M.,  Job  Caswell,  Ansel,  Mirinda  m.  Henry  H.  Bates. 

Hon.  Augnstus  jSprague,  son  of  Colonel  Moses,  was  born  September  22, 
1804,  received  such  education  as  could  be  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of 
the  day,  excelling  in  mathematics  and  natural  sciences,  and  tanght  with 
acce[)tance  in  Webster,  Lewiston,  Phip{)sburg,  and  his  native  town.  He  was 
a  great  lover  of  solid  reading  —  historical,  geographical,  etc.,  and  kept  abreast 
of  the  times  in  things  that  affect  the  well-being  of  the  country.  He  possessed 
the  family  characteristics  of  comeliness,  strength,  and  vigor,  and  was  a 
distinguished  figure  in  military  o[)erations,  where  he  was  noted  for  his  fine 
beaiing  and  technical  knowledge.  He  attained  the  rank  of  colonel  of  militia, 
and  would  have  been  higher  in  rank  if  he  had  been  on  the  right  side  of 
politics.  "Always  active  in  politics  and  taking  a  lively  interest  in  the  things 
that  pertain  to  the  welfare  of  the  peo[)le,  he  received  from  his  feUow-citizens 
repeated  evidence  of  their  trust  and  confidence,  serving  in  both  branches  of 
the  legislature,  as  county  commissioner  of  Androscoggin  county,  and  in  many 
official  positions  in  Greene.  As  trustee  and  president  of  the  Androscoggin 
County  Agricultural  Society,  Monmouth  Fire  Insurance  Company,  Mon- 
mouth Academy,  and  other  institutions,  his  was  a  busy  life."  In  1840  he 
secured  sole  interest  in  the  mill,  and  became  a  successful  manufacturer, 
yielding  the  business  to  his  son  in  later  years.  A  Whig  and  Republican,  he 
was  i)ermitted  to  aid  in  the  election  of  both  Harrisons,  and  witness  the  triumph 
of  American  ideas.  An  earnest  advocate  of  temperance,  he  was  among  the 
first  to  discard  the  custom  of  "treating"  by  the  old  militia  officers,  and  was  a 
pioneer  in  the  temperance  movement  in  the  state.  He  possessed  a  faith  and 
patience  that  carried  him  through  many  vicissitudes  in  life  and  reached  into 
the  future.  The  ambition  of  his  early  manhood  was  to  own  the  old  homestead. 
This  he  accomplished  in  1848,  "taking  possession  of  the  home  carved  out  of 
the  wilderness  by  his  grandfather,  living  in  the  brick  house  built  by  him  in 
1796,  and  dying  March  31,  1889,  in  the  room  that  witnessed  the  death  of  his 
grandfather  60  years  before."    He  married  first,  Thankful,  daughter  of  Eliphalet 


.^-y^ 


-^ 


-^■^       ^^^^^^^::^jyC^, 


Town  of  Greene.  545 


Cobiirn.  She  was  born  January  6, 1801,  and  died  July  6, 1867.  They  had  two 
children,  Eveline  II.  (Mrs  Samuel  Oakes)  and  Virgil  H.  For  his  second 
wife  he  married  the  widow  of  Hon.  Elijah  Barrell. 

Vln/il  Horace  iSpra/fue,  son  of  Hon.  Augustus  and  Thankful  (Coburn) 
Sprague,  was  born  at  the  old  homestead,  March  18,  1835,  and  was  educated  at 
the  common  schools,  Lewiston  Falls  Academy,  and  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminar3^ 
He  succeeded  to  the  homestead  and  business  of  his  father,  and  has  resided  in 
the  West  and  in  Greene.  lie  is  a  stalwart  Republican,  casting  his  first  vote  in 
1856  for  John  C.  Fremont  while  a  resident  of  Chicago.  He  first  married, 
September  20,  1857,  Julia  R.,  daughter  of  Oliver  Mower.  They  had  two 
children,  Oliver  A.  (a  physician  of  Turner)  and  Lillie  F.  (dec).  July  5, 
1868,  he  married  Mrs  Nellie  R.  Lemont,  daughter  of  Hon.  Elijah  Barrell. 
They  have  one  son,  Richard  W.  Mr  Sprague  has  been  in  the  U.  S.  Postal 
Service  with  a  short  interru[)tion  since  1882.  He  is  numbered  among  the  best 
people  of  the  town,  is  a  deacon  of  the  l>aj)tist  church,  and  a  valuable  citizen. 
He  has  held  official  positions  in  his  town,  has  served  as  chairman  of  the  board 
of  selectmen,  as  supervisor  of  schools,  and  as  a  member  of  the  legislature. 


THE   DAGGETT    FAMILY. 

Thi'  I)a(/(/eff  Fmiiilii  made  its  advent  into  America  a  decade  after  that  of 
the  historic  Mayflower  band,  as  Savage  in  his  Genealogical  Dictionary  says 
that  "  J(din  Daggett  was  in  Watertown  in  1(^30,  probably  came  in  the  fleet  with 
Gov.  Winthrop,  was  made  freeman  May  18,  1681,  removed  to  Rehoboth  in 
1645,  was  a  representative  in  1648.  August  29,  1667,  he  married  Widow 
Bathsheba  Pratt,  at  Plymouth,  then  called  himself  of  Martha's  Vineyard, 
where  he  doubtless  went  with  (tov.  Mayhew  as  a  first  settler.  His  sons  were 
Mayhew,  Ebenezer,  Thomas,  Naphtali." 

Capt.  John  Damictt^  son  of  Thomas,  who  was,  according  to  Samuel  B. 
Doggett,  the  family  genealogist,  son  of  Ebenezer  and  grandson  of  William  of 
Saco  (Maine)  in  1681,  and  Martha  (Stockwell)  Daggett,  was  born  in  Sutton, 
Mass.,  in  1748,  married  Mary  Stevens,  and  came,  it  is  said,  from  Charlton, 
Mass.,  to  Greene  in  1786  with  his  wife  and  children,  Thomas,  John,  and  Sarah. 
Simeon,  Aaron,  and  Mary  were  born  in  Greene.  Captain  Daggett  was  the  first 
military  captain  in  town,  receiving  his  commission  from  Gov.  John  Hancock, 
October  24,  1792.  He  was  an  educated  man  and  a  great  acquisition  to  the 
settlement.  He  taught  the  first  school,  was  selectman  for  21  years,  chairman 
of  the  board  13  years,  moderator  many  times,  representative  to  the  General 
Court  for  several  years,  and  a  very  prominent  and  respected  citizen.  He  died 
in  1816.  Thomas  married  a  Record;  Sarah  married  Capt.  Samuel  Bates; 
Simeon  died  at  21;  Mary  married  Deacon  Luther  Bobbins.  John  Daggett,  Jr, 
was  a  Baptist  clergyman  for  16  years,  and  ministered  10  years  to  the  church 


546  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


in  Greene.     He  was  an  excellent  citizen,  patriotic,  and  a  sound  philanthropist. 
He  married  Sarah  Record,  of  Minot,  and  died  in  1824. 

Captain  Aaron  Daggett,  son  of  Captain  John  Daggett,  was  born  March  4, 
1787.  He  married  first,  Alniira,  daughter  of  Simeon  Dearborn,  of  Monmouth, 
a  descendant  of  Gen.  Henry  Dearborn.  Their  children  were:  G-reenlief  B., 
who  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York, 
located  in  New  Jersey,  where  he  took  high  rank,  and  was  president  of  the 
County  Medical  Society  at  the  time  of  his  death,  July,  1854.  Converse  R. 
had  an  academic  education,  taught  school,  as  a  medical  student  attended 
lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York,  studied 
theology  in  Bangor,  has  been  in  the  ministry  in  Somerset  and  Androscoggin 
counties,  enlisted  in  23d  Me,  was  chaplain  and  hospital  nurse  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  has  represented  Greene  in  the  legislature.  He  married  Anna  F. 
Packard  Bailey,  of  Cambridge.  They  have  a  daughter,  Emma  Rose.  Simon  D.^ 
a  young  man  of  brilliant  promise,  died  when  nearly  18.  Almira  Augusta 
married  Isaac  C.  Merrill,  of  Lewiston.  She  died  aged  36.  Captain  Daggett 
married  second,  Dorcas  C.  Dearborn,  a  sister  of  his  first  wife.  She  died  in 
1867.  Their  children  were :  Jolin  C.  settled  on  the  homestead,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  married  Abbi^  ^ogg ;  their  children  are  Aaron,  Augusta,  and 
Simon.  Mary  E.,  died  in  1861,  at  the  age  of  26.  Aaron  S.  Captain  Aaron 
Daggett,  was  well  educated,  and  "was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  intelligence 
and  goodness."  He  occupied  several  public  positions,  was  on  the  board  of 
school  committee  many  years,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  representative,  church 
chorister  for  30  years,  school  teacher,  and  a  valued  member  of  the  community. 
His  title  of  captain  was  acquired  in  the  militia,  and  with  his  company  he  served 
in  the  War  of  1812.     He  died  in  1862. 

Brigadier-General  Aaron  S.  Daggett  was  born  in  Greene,  June  14,  1837, 
son  of  Aaron  and  Dorcas  (Dearborn)  Daggett,  He  received  good  educational 
advantages  and  became  a  successful  teacher.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Rebellion  he  deemed  it  his  duty  to  enter  the  field  in  defense  of  his  country 
and  was  among  the  earliest  volunteers,  enlisting  as  a  private  April  29,  1861  ; 
was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  May  1,  1861 ;  first  lieutenant  of  Co.  E, 
Fifth  Maine  Infantry,  May  24,  1861 ;  captain  of  Co.  E,  August  14,  1861. 
From  the  first  engagement  of  the  regiment  (the  defeat  at  Bull  Run)  to  the  end 
of  its  three  years'  memorable  service  General  Daggett  did  faithful  duty  ;  was 
l)romoted  to  major  April  14,  1863,  and  January  23,  1865,  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth  Regt.  U.  S.  Veteran  Volunteers  (Hancock's 
corps).  March  2,  1867,  according  to  the  U.  S.  Official  Army  Register,  he  was 
brevetted  colonel  and  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  "  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  during  the  war,"  and  received  these  brevet  ranks  in  the  regular 
army:    "major,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  battle  of  Rappahan- 


^^^ 


Town  of  Greene.  547 


nock  Station,  Va.,  November  7,  1863";^  and  "lieutenant-colonel  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Va."  General  Daggett 
won  the  confidence  of  his  superior  officers  by  soldierly  qualities.  August  4, 
1864,  General  E.  Upton,  commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  in  recommending 
him  for  promotion  to  Governor  Cony,  says :  "Major  Daggett  served  his  full 
term  in  this  brigade  with  honor  both  to  himself  and  state,  and  won  the  reputa- 
tion of  being  a  brave,  reliable,  and  efficient  olficer.  His  promotion  would  be 
a  great  benefit  to  the  service,  while  the  honor  of  the  state  could  scarcely  be 
entrusted  to  safer  hands."  This  was  concurred  in  by  Brigadier-General  D.  A. 
Russell,  commanding  the  First  Division,  Major-General  H.  G.  Wright,  com- 
manding the  Sixth  Corps,  and  Major-General  George  G.  Meade,  commanding 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  February  28,  1866,  General  Upton,  then  in  com- 
mand of  the  District  of  Colorado,  recommended  Lt-Col  A.  S.  Daggett  for 
promotion,  and  said : 

lu  the  assault  at  Rappahannock  Station  Col  Daggett's  regiment  captured  over  500 
prisoners.  In  the  assault  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House  (May  10)  bis  regiinent  lost  six 
captains  out  of  seven,  the  seventh  being  killed  on  the  12th  at  the  "angle,"  or  the  point 
where  the  tree  was  shot  down  by  musketry,  on  which  ground  the  regiment  fought  from 
9.30  A.M.  to  5.30  P.M.,  when  it  was  relieved.  On  all  these  occasions  Colonel  Daggett  was 
under  my  immediate  command  and  fought  with  distinguished  bravery.  Throughout  his 
military  career  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  he  maintained  the  character  of  a  good  soldier 
and  an  upright  man,  and  his  promotion  would  be  but  a  simple  act  of  justice  which 
would  be  commended  by  all  those  who  desire  to  see  courage  rewarded. 

Major-General  Winfield   S.   Hancock,  commanding  First  Army  Corps,  in 
recommending  Colonel  Daggett  for  a  position  in  the  regular  army,  says: 

The  records  of  this  office  show  that  he  first  entered  the  service  as  private  in  the  5th 
Maine  Inf.  April  29,  1861;  that  he  served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  was  wounded  at 
Spottsylvania,  very  slightly,  and  also  at  Cold  Harbor,  and  was  discharged  from  the  service 
with  the  rank  of  major  in  the  5th  Maine  Inf.  by  reason  of  expiration  of  service  July  27, 
1864.  He  was  appointed  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  First  Army  Corps,  January  18,  1865. 
Upon  examination  by  the  Examining  Board,  he  was  found  good  in  general  information,  in 
knowledge  of  tactics,  in  knowledge  of  regulations,  in  knowledge  of  the  service,  and 
recommended  for  lieutenant-colonel,  the  grade  to  which  he  bad  been  appointed  in  the  corps 
previous  to  examination.  He  was  faithful  while  recruiting  for  the  corps,  and  since  ho  was 
assigned  to  duty  with  his  regiment  he  has  borne  an  excellent  reputation.  I  recommend 
him  to  the  favorable  consideration  of  the  Department. 

1"  Maine  in  the  War  "  states  that  Major  Daggett,  5th  Maine  Vols,  received  three  swords  at  the 
battle  of  Rapiiahannock  Station  from  prisoners,  etc.  This  is  an  error,  as  stated,  and  probably  came 
from  the  fact  that  immediately  after  that  brilliant  battle  the  captured  trophies— Hags,  cannon,  etc., 
were  escorted  to  General  Meade's  headquarters,  and  Major  Daggett  was  chosen  by  General  Upton  to 
command  the  battalion  from  his  brigade.  The  escort  was  selected  from  those  who  had  taken  the 
most  conspicuous  part  in  that  battle. 


548  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


From  1866  General  Daggett  has  been  an  officer  of  the  regular  army '  and  is 
now  on  service  in  Boston.  He  married,  June  14,  1865,  Rose,  daughter  of 
Major-General  Phillips  Bradford,  of  Turner,  a  lineal  descendant  of  Gov. 
William  Bradford,  of  Plymouth  Colony,  and  resides  in  Auburn.  Their 
children  are  Mary  A.,  Royal  Bradford,  Alice  Southworth,  Helen.  In  civil  life 
General  Daggett  is  distinguished  for  courteous  and  gentlemanly  bearing,  and 
unostentatious  and  unassuming  manners.  His  strict  integrity,  frank  courtesy, 
and  sterling  worth  have  given  him  staunch  friends. 

CAPTAIN   .TABEZ    PRATT. 

Jahez^  Pratt  (Benjamin,^  Jabez,^  Jabez,'^  Thomas,'  of  Watertown,  Mass., 
in  1647,)  came  to  Greene  with  his  parents  from  Charlton,  Mass.,  in  1802.  He 
was  apprenticed  to  the  blacksmith  trade  at  an  early  age,  and  established  him- 
self in  this  business  at  Greene  Corner;  he  was  also  a  large  land  owner  and 
farmer.  He  married  Sophia,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Huldah  (Allen)  Wash- 
burn ;  they  were  both  active  members  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Greene.  Their 
home  at  "The  Corner  "  was  ever  open  to  friend  or  stranger,  and  this  generous 
hospitality  was  widely  patronized.  Jabez  Pratt  was  early  connected  with 
military  affairs  in  the  Connnon wealth,  and  in  the  War  of  1812  was  called  out 
for  service  in  defense  of  the  sea-coast  of  Maine;  later  he  held  the  office  of 
captain  in  the  state  militia,  and  by  this  title  was  known  wherever  his  acquaint- 
ance extended.  He  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  the  temperance  cause  in 
Maine,  and  one  of  its  most  enthusiastic  advocates.  While  he  was  a  modest 
man,  never  sought  public  office,  yet  he  was  frequently  engaged  in  business  for 
the  town ;  was  entrusted  with  the  administration  of  estates  and  the  guardian- 
ship of  children.  He  died  in  1874,  at  the  age  of  84  years.  The  decease  of 
his  wife  occurred  in  1863.  Their  children  were  Louisa,  Franciana,  Cyrus  M., 
and  John  F.  Ci/rus  3Ioiver  Pratt,  eldest  son  of  Jabez,  followed  the  occupa- 
tion of  his  father  for  some  years,  later  took  great  interest  in  improved  market 
gardening,  and  became  an  active  worker  in  the  County  Agricultural  Society. 
He  was  an  influential  citizen  in  Greene,  both  in  town  and  church  affairs ; 
always  maintained  himself  a  prominent  supporter  of  the  right,  on  all  the 
moral  questions  of  his  time.  At  his  death  in  1866,  at  Washington,  D.  C,  he 
held  a  position  in  the  U.  S.  Agricultural  Department.  Louka  Pratt  married 
Anslem  C.  Parker.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  social  qualities,  possessed  a  high 
degree  of  musical  talent,  had  a  peculiar  and  exceedingly  melodious  voice,  which 
he  was  always  ready  to  use  whenever  occasion  required.  He  was  "  the  life  "  of 
anj'^  company,  young  or  old,  favored  with  his  presence.  He  was  2d  lieutenant 
in  the  Kennebec  Guards.     He  was  a  merchant  at  Greene  Corner,  successor  to 

1  General  Daggett  was  not  an  applicant  for  a  position  in  the  regular  service.  The  appointment  was 
given  without  solicitation  by  recommenilatiou  of  General  Grant,  and  came  as  a  surprise  to  General 
Daggett. 


Capt.  Jabez  Pratt. 


Town  of  Geeene.  549 


Anslem  Gary,  of  whom  he  purchased  store  and  goods  when  the  hitter  removed 
to  Augusta.  Mr  Parker  was  a  contractor  in  the  building  of  the  M.  C.  R.  R. 
in  Greene,  and  it  was  tlie  result  of  exposure  connected  with  this  work  that 
caused  his  early  decease.  His  children  were  Frederic  Byron  Parker,  born  at 
Greene  Corner,  January  G,  1842.  He  is  a  farmer  on  the  old  homestead 
owned  with  his  aunt  Franciana;  Jabez  P.,  who  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  IGth 
Maine;  and  Louisa  F.,  who  married  Merritt  Rose.  Franciana  Pratt^  or 
"  Aunt  Fanny,"  as  she  is  called  by  her  many  friends,  was  born  in  the  house 
where  she  now  resides,  and  has  been  postmistress  at  Greene  Corner  since  1863. 
She  is  a  most  genial  and  intelligent  lady,  has  been  a  prominent  and  successful 
school-teacher  [see  teachers],  and  has  many  of  the  characteristics  of  her  father, 
whom  she  much  resembles  in  personal  appearance. 

I)r  John^  F.  Pratt  (Jabez,^  I^enj.,*  Jabez,^  Jabez,^  Thomas,^),  born  August  3, 
1830,  attended  school  at  Monmouth  and  Hartland  (Me.)  academies,  received  his 
preliminary  medical  education  under  Dr  Blake  of  Hartland,  served  an  appren- 
ticeship as  druggist  in  Portland,  was  student  at  Dartmouth  and  Bowdoin 
colleges,  spent  a  year  in  hospital  service  in  Boston,  took  his  degree  at  Bowdoin 
in  1856,  and  the  same  year  settled  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  New 
Sharon,  Me.  Here  he  married  Annie,  daughter  of  Judge  Oliver  \j.  and  Mary 
A.  (Weston)  Currier. ^  In  1862  Dr  Pratt  entered  the  service  of  his  country  as 
Act.  Asst  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Harrison's 
Landing,  was  transferred  to  Craney  Island,  and  the  following  winter  stationed 
at  Hampton,  Fortress  Monroe.  In  1864  was  placed  in  charge  of  hospital  on 
flag  of  truce  boat  New  York,  was  engaged  in  exchange  of  prisoners  between 
City  Point,  Annapolis,  Point  Lookout,  etc.,  until  the  campaign  opened  on  the 
James  river  under  Gen.  Butler.  At  Bermuda  Hundred  (Gen.  Butler's  head- 
quarters), he  opened  and  had  charge  of  post  and  small-pox  hospitals,  and  also 
of  the  Medical  Purveying  Dept  of  the  Army  of  the  James.  After  the  War  he 
remained  in  the  service  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  established  hospitals  at 
Point  of  Rocks  and  Petersburg,  Va,  of  which  he  continued  in  charge  until  his 
resignation  in  1866,  when  he  returned  to  his  private  practice  at  New  Sharon. 
He  removed  to  Chelsea,  Mass.,  in.  1873,  his  present  residence.  He  is  an 
enthusiastic  collector  of  Maine  bibliography,  and  has  been  for  many  years  a 
voluminous  contributor  to  the  early  documentary  history  of  his  native  state. 
The  town  and  county  historians  of  Maine  are  greatly  indebted  to  the  genial 
doctor  for  his  ever  ready  assistance  in  furtherance  of  their  researches. 

1  Mrs  Pratt  has  been  an  unwearied  worker  for  years  in  liistorical  and  genealogical  fields,  has  written 
for  publication,  prepared  and  read  a  valuable  paper  on  the  history  of  Greene  at  its  centennial,  and  we 
are  indebted  to  her  kindness  for  valued  information. 


550  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


LEEDS. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 

Boundaries  —  Formation  —  Surface  and  Soil — Dead  River — Its  Peculiarities  —  Indian 
Village  —  Thomas  and  Roger  Stinchfield  —  Early  Settlers— Heads  of  Families  in  tbe  First 
Part  of  This  Century  —  Character  of  the  Early  Settlers  —  Soldiers  of  the  Revolutionary 
War  and  War  of  1812  — Early  Roads. 

LEEDS  is  bounded  on  the  east  by  Wayne  and  Monmouth,  southwest  by 
Greene,  west  by  Turner  and  Liverniore,  north  by  Livermore  and  East 
Jl  Liverniore,  named  from  the  English  home  of  the  Stinchfield  family,  and 
was  formed  from  the  plantation  of  Littleborough  (laid  out  in  1780-81  by  the 
Pejepscot  proprietors,  and  named  in  honor  of  Col  Moses  Little)  and  incor- 
porated, the  128th  town,  February  16,  1801.  A  part  of  Livermore  north  of  a 
line  "  extending  from  old  Elder  Thomas  Francis's  north  Line  to  Increase 
Leadbetter's  north  Line,"  embracing  about  6,000  acres,  was  annexed  in  1802 ; 
in  1809  a  half-mile  strip  was  set  off  from  Monmouth;  in  1810  Beech  Hill  was 
annexed  to  Wayne ;  in  1852  the  extreme  southern  portion  (often  called  New 
Boston)  was  annexed  to  Wales.  The  area  is  22,000  acres,  and  is  greatly 
varied.  The  interval  land  along  the  Androscoggin  and  Dead  rivers  is  deep 
alluvial  soil,  easy  of  cultivation,  but,  often,  subject  to  frost.  The  numerous 
hills  and  elevations  have  a  deep  loam,  mostly  free  from  bowlders  and  stones, 
easily  cultivated,  capable  of  producing  good  crops  and  free  from  frost.  Some 
parts  of  the  town  are  evidently  ancient  beaches  of  primitive  seas  or  lakes,  and 
the  sand  lies  thick,  forming  extensive  dunes.  Interspersed  among  the  uplands 
are  occasional  ledges,  outcroppings  of  granite  and  trap  rock,  and  numerous 
low  places  and  bogs,  which  bear  cranberries.  Bog  brook  drains  an  immense 
bog.  From  many  of  the  higher  elevations,  particularly  Bates  and  Boothby 
liills,  extended  and  beautiful  views  are  presented,  and  it  can  be  but  a  question 
of  time  when  Leeds,  with  its  pure  air  and  water  and  other  attractions,  will  be 
a  favorite  summer  resort.  The  Maine  Central  railroad  runs  the  entire  length 
of  the  town,  and  its  four  stations,  Leeds  Junction,  Curtis  Corner,  Leeds  Centre, 
and  North  Leeds,  give  easy  access. 

Dead  river  discharges  the  surplus  water  of  more  than  twenty  ponds  into 
the  Androscoggin.  Its  water-shed  is  25  miles  long  and  contains  60,000  acres. 
The  river,  about  six  miles  long,  connects  Androscoggin  pond  with  Androscoggin 
river.  The  course  of  Dead  river  is  northwesterly,  that  of  the  Androscoggin 
southerly,  so  the  rivers  discharge  their  waters  against  each  other.     A  recent 


Town  of  Leeds.  551 


survey  shows  the  pond  to  be  but  a  few  inches  higher  than  the  Androscoggin, 
and  in  freshets  the  latter  stream  rushes  up  Dead  river  until  the  ponds  have 
the  same  level  as  the  great  river,  when,  until  the  Androscoggin  falls.  Dead 
river  has  no  current.  This  region  is  a  rich  field  for  geological  students.  About 
half-way  from  the  great  river  to  the  pond  is  a  remarkable  horseback  ridge,  said 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  Chesterville  ridge.  It  once  extended  across  Dead 
river,  damming  it  to  a  great  height.  The  pond  must  then  have  been  not  less 
than  12  miles  long.  When  this  ridge  gave  way,  the  waters  rushed  towards  the 
great  river,  carrying  the  bowlders  and  pebbles  which  are  scattered  along  its 
way.  But  the  most  striking  geological  feature  is  the  alluvial  deposit,  "The 
Cape,"  lying  between  the  outlet  of  the  pond  and  its  former  western  shore.  It 
extends  a  mile  into  the  pond  and  is  divided  by  the  river,  which  parts  before 
reaching  tlie  pond,  enclosing  a  delta  of  thirty  acres.  All  of  this  alluvial 
deposit  has  come  down  the  Androscoggin  in  freshets.  The  rocky  promontories 
forming  the  head  of  the  cape  are  the  remains  of  a  cluster  of  islands  of  azoic 
origin  in  the  middle  of  the  lake.  By  the  accumulation  of  the  sediment  they 
became  part  of  the  peninsula.  About  half-way  from  the  railroad  to  the  delta 
is  a  very  narrow  isthmns  connecting  the  peninsula  with  the  main  land. 
Through  this  the  Indians  cut  a  canal  to  float  their  canoes,  shortening  their 
way  two  miles. 

The  Indian  trail  or  rather  canoe  route  of  travel  from  the  Androscoggin  to 
the  Kennebec  was  up  Dead  river  to  Androscoggin  pond;  from  this  a  portiujc 
of  half  a  mile  brought  them  to  Wilson  pond  ;  the  outlet  of  this  gave  navigation 
to  Annabessacook  lake;  a  stream  one-half  mile  long  runs  from  this  lake  to 
Cobbosseecontee  "Great  Pond,"  which  empties  into  the  Kennebec  at  Gardiner. 
An  Indian  village  was  located  on  the  "Cape,"  and  a  burying-place  on  one  of 
the  islands  of  the  pond.  Tradition  says  that  very  early  a  wandering  white 
trapper  came  to  this  village  when  there  was  but  one  Indian  there  besides 
squaws  and  pappooses.  As  he  left  the  wigwam  he  saw  the  Indian  aiming  a 
gun  at  him,  and  quickly  fired  and  killed  the  Indian.  Knowing  he  had  no 
chance  to  escape  vengeance  as'long  as  a  spectator  lived,  he  killed  all  of  the 
squaws.  Attaching  a  large  number  of  traps  to  the  bodies  he  sunk  them  in  the 
river  and  fled.  When  he  was  a  lad.  Ensign  Otis  saw  bones  of  the  arms  and 
legs  with  traps  attached,  hooked  up  from  the  river. 

Thymm  and  Rom'r  Stinchfii'Jd,  soldiers  in  the  French  Wai',  were  daring 
huntei's  and  trappers.  They  had  become  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 
country  and  Indians  between  the  Kennebec  and  Androscoggin  rivers.  As 
early  as  1773,  they  made  their  camp  on  Dead  Iviver,  where  they  could  see  the 
Indians  on  their  great  trail  and  barter  for  furs.  They  won  their  friendship  by 
fair  dealing  and  acts  of  kindness.  Thomas  was  a  stalwart  man,  and  both  were 
absolutely  fearless.  Traditions  concerning  Thomas  show  that  he  treated  the 
natives  justly,  yet  inspired  them  with  fear.     He  trusted  the  resident  Indians  at 


552  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


all  times  and  never  lost  a  debt  if  the  debtor  lived.  It  is  said  that  once  he 
found  the  Sandy  River  Indians  preparing  to  attack  Farmington  in  retaliation 
for  thefts  committed  by  some  of  the  whites.  After  a  long  attempt  to  pacify 
them  Stinchfield  offered  to  replace  their  stolen  traps  and  kettles  and  give 
them  10  gallons  of  rum.  This  offer  was  accepted  and  the  whites  were  saved. 
They  gladly  paid  Stinchfield's  bill  and  expelled  the  thieves.  In  1779  the 
Stinchfields  raised  a  large  crop  of  corn  and  vegetables  on  an  old  Indian  corn 
field  and  stored  up  venison,  maple  sugar,  etc.,  and  in  June,  1780,  brought  their 
families  and  goods  on  two  pack  horses  to  the  west  side  of  the  Androscoggin 
river,  three  miles  from  their  home.  Guided  by  Roger  the  women  and  children 
went  from  there  to  their  future  home,  while  Thomas,  his  oldest  son,  Thomas, 
and  the  two  young  men  who  came  with  the  party,  conveyed  the  goods  in  dug- 
outs up  the  Androscoggin  and  Dead  rivers.  Thomas  (born  1747)  and  Roger 
Stinchfield  (born  1752)  were  sons  of  John,  the  English  emigrant  who  settled 
successively  in  Gloucester  and  New  Gloucester,  and  were  natives  of  Glouces- 
ter, Mass.  The  children  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Lane)  Stinchfield  were 
Thomas^  Sarah  (married  a  Hicks),  James^  Martha  (mai-ried  Isaac  Freeman, 
settled  in  Greene),  Samvel  (a  sea-captain,  lived  north  of  the  old  home- 
stead. Among  his  children  were  Thomas  B.,  a  prominent  surgeon  of  Texas, 
John  K.,  a  leading  physician  of  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Stephen  B.,  a  leading  lawyer 
of  Denver,  Anson  Gancelo,  a  lawyer  of  Boston),  John^  Itehreca  (born  Decem- 
ber 11,  1780,  the  first  female  child  born  in  Leeds  territory,  married  Capt. 
Phineas  Foss),  Hannah  (married  Elizur  Carver).  Roger  Stinchfield  married 
Sarah  Babson  and  settled  on  the  north  side  of  Dead  river  (Thomas  living 
on  the  south  side).  Their  children  were  Ahl</ail,  married  S.  Davis;  Betset/, 
married  Oliver  Otis  (Their  oldest  daughter,  Eliza,  married  first,  R.  B. 
Howard;  second.  Colonel  John  Gilmore.  She  was  mother  of  Major-Gen. 
O.  O.  Howard,  Rev.  R.  B.  Howard,  Gen.  Charles  H.  Howard,  and  Judge 
R.  H.  Gilmore.)  ;  Mo/yer,  born  February  9,  1781,  the  first  male  child  born  in 
the  settlement;  Solomon;  Susan;  Zehulon;  WilJiam ;  Benjamin;  Ezekiel; 
Ezra;  Sarah.  Most  of  these  settled  in  Eastern  Maine.  Not  one  of  the  name 
lives  in  town.  (Hiver  OHh.,  from  Scituate,  came  early.  The  Wiscasset  records 
say  that  Adams  Royal  deeded  lot  64  to  Oliver  Otis,  of  Lewiston,  June  26, 
1792.  The  same  year  he  and  his  bride  moved  into  the  log  house,  which  was 
exchanged  for  a  frame  one  "  nearly  opposite  the  district  school  house  "  in 
1797.  Mr  Otis  became  the  wealthiest  man  in  town,  in  late  life  moved  to 
Hallowell  where  he  died.  Of  his  three  sons,  Amos  died  young,  Ensign  left 
early,  but  returned,  and  died  in  1872.  John  studied  law,  and  was  a  member 
of  Congress  from  Hallowell  district.  John,  son  of  Ensign,  lives  in  Auburn. 
In  1782  Jirah  Fhh  settled  north  of  the  burying-ground  on  the  farm  of 
Willard  Lothrop.  He  had  a  large  family  of  boys,  who,  Mr.  Howard  says, 
"  were  subsequently  as  carpenters  a  great  help  to  the  early  settlers."     Two  of 


Town  of  Leeds.  563 


his  sons  took  ui)  farms  which  included  Boothby  Hill,  earlier  called  Fish  and 
Otis  hill.  Thomas  Millett  also  came  in  1782,  as  did  Daniel  Lane.  Both  had 
large  families  and  were  of  great  value  to  the  settlement.  In  1783  commenced 
an  immigration  which  brought  rapid  accessions  to  the  little  community.  This 
year  and  in  1784  came  Zadoc  Bishop  to  the  east  part  of  the  town,  Capt. 
William  Gilbert  to  the  southwest  part,  Daniel  Lothrop,  Jr,  in  1785,  to  the  south 
end  of  the  pond.  All  had  large  families.  Then  came  Increase  Leadbetter, 
with  a  family  of  seven  or  eight,  whose  land  was  the  northern  boundary.  Many 
Revolutionary  soldiers  soon  followed;  nearly  all  poor  in  money,  but  with  hardy 
constitutions  and  a  working  capacity  rare  at  present.  Young  men  came  also, 
and  the  first  census  (1790)  gave  the  population  as  263.  From  this  time  the 
growth  was  rapid.  Barnabas  Howard  married  Mary  Haywood  and  settled  in 
the  north  part  on  the  farm  owned  now  by  Henry  Francis.  Their  children  were 
Daniel,  Luther,  Jason,  Warren,  Barnabas,  Mary,  Anna,  Harriet,  Laura,  Cornelia. 
Luther  married  Rhoda  B.  Mitchell.  He  died  in  1826.  In  1827  Warren  married 
his  brother's  widow,  and  lived  on  the  homestead  until  advanced  in  life.  War- 
ren was  an  original  member  and  a  deacon  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church  at 
North  Leeds,  a  man  of  exemplary  life  and  excellent  character.  His  large 
family  of  children,  with  Luther,  son  of  his  brother  Luther,  was  reared  "in  the 
fear  and  admonition  of  the  Lord";  several  of  them  died  in  early  life.  Dexter 
W.,  their  sixth  child,  enlisted  as  a  private  in  1861,  was  in  20  hard-fought  battles 
and  30  skirmishes,  rose  to  be  colonel,  but  died  in  1866  from  wounds  received 
in  service.  Josiah  Turner  and  half-brother  William  came  early  from  West 
Bridgewater,  William  settling  in  the  east  part  of  the  town,  and  Josiah  near 
Quaker  Ridge,  where  his  son  Joseph  also  lived.  The  homestead  is  now 
occupied  by  Josiah,  son  of  Joseph.  These  brothers  had  descendants  who 
intermarried  with  the  best  families,  and  have  been  among  the  representative 
people  of  Leeds.  Bouijlitij  Bates  moved  from  Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1793,  and 
settled  on  the  place  afterwards  occupied  by  his  grandson  George  Bates.  Bates 
hill  takes  its  name  from  him.  Harvey  Bates  was  chairman  of  the  board  of 
selectmen  for  many  years.  He  died  in  1877  aged  88  years.  Levi  Bates,  who 
died  December  6,  1885,  aged  91,  was  a  native  of  Leeds  and  a  pensioner  of  the 
War  of  1812.  Stephen  Howe  was  probably  here  prior  to  1800,  as  it  is  recorded 
in  Wiscasset,  that  "Adams  Royall  of  Littleboro  deeds  March  17,1796  to  Stephen 
How  right  of  possession  and  dwelling  to  lands  bounded  by  lands  of  Jonathan 
Pish,  Andrew  Cushman,  Daniel  Robbins,  James  and  Daniel  Lanes."  Stephen 
Howe  was  the  grandson  of  Ichabod  Howe,  of  Winthrop,  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  that  town.  George  T.  Howe,  grandson  of  Stephen  and  son  of  Cyprian  and 
Mary  (Graffam)  Howe,  is  an  enterprising  business  man,  carrying  on  a  farm  of 
80  acres,  and  operating  a  brick-yard  at  Leeds  Junction,  and  also  has  one  at  Liv- 
ermore  Falls ;  he  produces  several  hundred  thousand  bricks  annually.  He  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics  and  a  good  citizen.     Joseph  Kna^rp^  a  Revolutionary 


554  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


soldier,  in  1790  settled  on  the  present  town  farm.  Soon  after,  Elijah,  his 
brother,  settled  in  the  Stiiichfield  neighborhood,  and  another  brother,  Siba, 
where  Benjamin  Trask  resides,  near  Strickland's  Ferry.  Dr  Cyrus  Knapp, 
once  superintendent  of  the  State  Insane  Hospital,  was  son  of  Siba,  and  Elijah 
was  grandfather  of  the  late  George  Knapp  and  Woodbury  S.  Knapp.  Joseph's 
wife  was  Eunice  Carver.  To  her  were  born  (in  Bridge  water)  Simeon, 
Barsheba,  Charles,  Joseph;  (in  Leeds)  John,  Elijah,  Polly,  Eunice,  Stephen, 
Matilda,  Betsey,  Lucretia,  Asa,  Ruth.  Of  the  large  family  of  the  early  Joseph, 
but  two,  Charles  and  Stephen,  settled  in  Leeds.  Stephen,  now  approach- 
ing his  century,  resides  on  the  homestead  at  North  Leeds.  Samuel  Herrick 
settled  at  West  Leeds,  about  a  mile  north  of  Andrew  Cushman's.  His 
homestead  was  subsequently  occupied  by  his  son,  Israel,  who,  for  fifteen  years 
prior  to  1850,  manufactured  sewing  silk,  and  built  a  "cocoonery,"  but  later 
cut  down  his  mulberry  trees.  He  was  representative  and  held  other  offices. 
He  died  in  1862,  and  his  son,  Horace,  succeeded  to  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his 
widow  and  sons.  Stephen  Foster  moved  from  Winthrop  about  1786.  His 
sons  were  Stephen,  John,  and  Timothy.  John  married  Priscilla  Gilbert. 
Eben  Libby  came  from  Saco  in  1807,  and  cleared  the  Thomas  Boothby  farm. 
He  married  Sarah  Foster  and  died  in  1859.  Their  children  were  Jane, 
Ebenezer,  T.  C,  Stephen,  and  Artemas.  Levi  Caswell  was  an  early  settler; 
his  son,  Peleg  B.,  born  in  1811,  was  many  times  chosen  to  places  of  trust,  and 
was  considered  one  of  the  best  teachers  of  his  day.  He  died  in  1884.  Morgan 
Brewster,  a  pioneer,  died  February  13,  1856,  aged  96.  Cyrus  Alden  died 
March,  1878,  aged  93.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  is  said  to 
have  been  the  oldest  Free  Mason  in  Maine  at  the  time  of  his  death.  The 
oldest  man  who  died  in  Leeds  was  Robert  Gould,  an  early  settler  of  North 
Leeds,  who  was  99  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1868. 

Heads  of  families  in  the  first  part  of  this  century.  —  Oliver  P.  and  Joseph  Frost,  Abner, 
Daniel,  and  John  Burnhani,  Zachary  Cari/,  Zachariah  Thayer,  Solomon,  Solomon,  Jr, 
Benjamin,  and  John  Millett,  Moses  Collier,  Benjamin  Leadhetter,  Peletiah  Gould,  John  S. 
Gary,  Ansel,  Hira,  Joseph,  Beujamiu,  and  William  Fish,  Samuel  Leadhetter,  Ira  Lindsey, 
Zachariah  Farcher,  Amos  Murray,  Benjamin  F.  Howard,  John,  Eleazer,  Jr,  and  William 
Carver,  Cyrus,  James,  and  Joseph  Bishop,  Samuel,  Thomas,  and  James  Stinchfield,  Lewis, 
Samuel,  John,  Isaac,  and  Perez  S.  Jennings,  William  Turner,  Andrew  Cushman,  John 
Farcher,  Ezekiel  Bates,  Joshua  Elder,  Caleb  li.  Sumner,  Benjamin  Carll,  Rowland  B.,  and 
Warren  Howard,  True  Faul,  John,  Naphtali,  and  Ebenezer  Mason,  Thomas  Southward, 
James  Stanley,  Thomas  Lindsay,  Isaac,  Moses,  and  Moses,  Jr,  Collier,  Daniel  Bobbins, 
David  Woodman,  Isaac,  Joseph,  and  Stephen  Freeman,  Daniel,  Ji",  Lothrop,  Oliver  Dralce, 
Benjamin  Grant,  Oliver  Otis,  Daniel,  Jr,  Deacon  Giddins,  Ellas,  Peter,  and  James  Lane, 
Uriah,  Walter,  Levi,  Ruel,  and  Ephraim  Foss,  Samuel  Wood,  Harvey  i?05C,  Daniel,  George, 
Sullivan,  Samuel,  and  Thomas  Lothrop,  Obadiah  and  William  Fettingill,  William  Bobbins, 
Dodavah  Harmon,  Ziba,  Elijah,  Joseph,  and  Joseph,  Jr,  Knapp,  Nathaniel  House,  Nelson, 
Nathaniel,  Jr,  and  Hira  Gilbert,  Oliver  Bandell,  Joseph  Mitchell,  Isaac,  Samuel,  Robert, 
Simeon,  and  Joseph  Gould,  Levi  Dunham,  Abiel  Daily,  Jacob  Bailey,  Morgan  Brewster, 


Town  of  Leeds.  555 


Samuel  Graves,  Charles  aud  Samuel  Sivift,  Abner  Curtis,  Alpheus  and  Joseph  Turner, 
James  B.  Wendall,  Daniel  Bichards,  Stephen  Webster,  Zebulon  Dean,  Stephen  Backlei/, 
Ephraim  Bumpm,  Ararai  Woodman,  Othniel  and  Isaac  Pratt,  Edward  Jones,  Ezra,  Amos, 
Joshua,  and  Amos,  Jr,  Berry,  William  Haines,  Capt.  William,  Cornelius,  and  Samuel 
Gilbert,  Daniel  Parcher,  Emery  Neivton,  Beriah  and  Zoah  Samson,  Enoch  Tupper,  John 
Bandall,  Zephaniah  Hicks,  Thomas  Piper,  Hazael  Sampson,  Peltiah  Knapp,  Francis  George, 
Zebulon,  Thomas,  Jr,  and  Solomon  Millett,  Ephraim  Andrews,  George  Bridgham,  Stillman 
and  William  Moulton,  Thomas  Additon,  Robert  Elms,  Archibald,  William,  and  James,  2d, 
Lindseg,  Samuel  Daij,  William  T.,  Marcus,  and  Ahirah  Gilbert,  Oscar  D.  Turner,  Jesse 
Berry,  Leavitt  Lothrop,  Michael  Samson,  Spencer  Trask,  Joseph  Day,  Nathaniel  Doggett, 
Levi  Caswell,  Thomas  Mitchell,  Nathan  Bichmond,  Nathaniel  Giving,  Zebulon  Libby, 
Bachelder  Wing,  Thomas  Francis,  Thaddeus  Chambers,  Charles  Bates,  Obadiah  Turner, 
Simeon  and  Phinehas  Foss,  Caleb  and  Eleazer  Carver,  Seth  Hoivard,  Hamilton  Jenkins, 
William  Mitchell,  John  C.  Fish,  Simeon  Knapp,  Seth  Bose,  Isaac  Boothby,  Samuel  Fetch, 
Ebenezer  Libby,  Ansel  Turner,  Daniel  Witham,  Josiah  and  George  Turner,  John  Botve, 
Luther  Carey,  Nathan  Bandell,  Elisha  Pratt,  John  Gould,  Daniel  Parcher,  John  Francis, 
John  D.  Millett,  William  A.  Day,  Seth  Cary,  Stephen  and  Timothy  Foster,  Wm  B.  Curtis, 
Joseph  Pettingill,  Thomas  Drinktvater,  Stillman  Hoioard,  James  and  Ebenezer  Stinchfleld, 
Israel  Herrick,  Daniel  Lane,  Charles  Knapp,  W^elcome  Bishop,  Samuel  Stubbs,  Thomas 
Graffam,  Daniel  Ford,  Sullivan,  Jr,  Lotltrop,  Philip  C.  Mason,  Stephen  Boothby,  Nathaniel 
Jennings,  Ansel  Fish,  Hervey  Sylvester,  Asa,  Jr,  Bose,  Lewis  Turner,  Houghton  Sumner, 
Benjamin  Gilbert,  Isaac  and  Gilbert  Magoivn,  Caleb  and  Caleb,  Jr,  Wing,  John  Beals, 
Josiah  Turner,  Issachar  Lane,  Joseph,  Jr,  Freeman,  Luther  Bamsdall,  Daniel  Lindsey, 
Heber  Kimball,  Cyrus  Foss,  Philip  Libby,  Andrew,  Jr,  Cushman,  Thaddeus  Foss,  Wm 
Gould,  Wm  Day,  Joseph  Frost,  Simeon  Wood,  Henry  and  Alexander  Jennings,  John 
Foster,  Moses  and  Moses,  Jr,  Collier,  Levi  Gould,  Daniel,  Jr,  Bobbins,  Thomas  W.  Bridg- 
ham, Reuel  Pettingill,  David  Howe,  Isaac  Freeman,  Charles  Bates,  Arcadus  Pettingill, 
Thomas  Lindsey,  Alson  and  Solomon  Lothroj),  Joshua  Turner,  Hazenan  Draper,  Salmon 
Bretvster,  Rufus  Lincoln,  Luther  L.,  Barnabas,  and  Barnabas,  Jr,  Howard,  Thomas  Libby, 
Jirah,  Ji-,  Seth,  and  Seth,  Jr,  Fish,  John  and  John,  Jr,  Beals,  David  Additon,  Stephen 
Knapp,  Oliver  Cushman,  Cyrus  Sampson,  Merrick,  James,  Jr,  and  Ira  Lamb,  John  Sturdi- 
font,  Francis  George,  Joshua  Tupper,  Hervey  Bates,  Seth  Fish,  James  Wing,  Howard 
Sylvester,  Amos  Phillips,  John  Thompson,  John  L.  Lane,  Wm  Bamsdell,  John  Perry, 
Samuel,  Samuel,  2d,  and  Abner,  Jr,  Broivn,  Ira  Lothrop,  Charles  Knapp),  Nathaniel,  Jr, 
House,  Gideon  Owen,  Jabez  Doggett,  Robert  Crummit,  Libbeus  Curtis,  Levi  Gilbert,  Isaac 
Pettingill,  Benjamin  Dunham,  John,  Jr,  Jennings,  Jason  Howard,  Nathan  Stetson,  Ira 
Sampson. 

Soldiers  of  the  Eevolution  and  War  of  1812.  —  The  character  of  the  settlers 
was  of  the  best.  The  leaders  were  intelligent,  patriotic,  thoughtful  men,  and 
most  of  the  original  settlers  had  felt  the  vicissitudes  of  a  soldier's  life  in  the 
Revolution,  and  cherished  the  preservation  of  the  liberty  for  which  they  had 
fought.  Their  names  have  been  preserved  by  Mr  Howard.  They  are  Major 
Daniel  Lothrop,  Lieut  Daniel  Lothrop,  2d,  Lieut  William  Gilbert,  Lieut 
Elisha  Shaw,  Thomas  D.  Francis,  George  Parcher,  Increase  Leadbetter, 
Benjamin  Woodman,  James  Lamb,  Andrew  Cushman,  Abram  Wickett, 
William  Lindsay,  Thomas  Millett,  Joseph  Knapp,  Francis  George,  Daniel 
Lane,  Jirah    Fish,   Daniel  Robbins,  Ebenezer  Mason,   Daniel  Haines,   David 


556  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Paul,  M.  T.  Paul,  Oliver  Randall,  Stephen  Foster,  Aaron  Brewster,  Zebulon 
Bishop,  James  Lindsay,  Samuel  Arnold,  Isaac  Collins,  Daniel  Jones,  William 
Turner,  Israel  Royal,  Nathaniel  House,  one  named  Phillips,  one  named  High- 
land, and  three  negroes.  Cuff  Chambers,  Prince  D'Onset,  Simon  Pero.  In  the 
War  of  1812  quite  a  number  were  sent  by  Leeds.  Among  these  were  Benjamin 
Woodman,  Nathaniel  House,  Jr,  Charles  Pratt,  Walter  Pratt,  Samuel  S/wift, 
Joseph  Freeman,  Allen  Freeman,  Levi  Bates,  Bennett  Lamb,  Eli  Herrick, 
William  Mitchell,  Benjamin  Higgins,  Daniel  and  David  Paul,  A.  Southard. 

Tlie  First  Road  for  winter  use  was  "bushed  out"  in  the  fall  of  1780,  through 
Greene  to  Lewiston,  the  settlers  along  the  route  from  New  Gloucester  joining 
in  the  work.  Along  this  the  first  three  cows  were  brought  in  December,  1780. 
In  the  winter  of  1780-81  a  road  was  bushed  out  from  the  east  side  of  the  pond 
five  miles  to  the  grist-mill  in  Winthrop.  Early  roads. — 1801,  June  1.  These 
roads  were  accepted:  — 

1.  Beginning  at  Monmouth  line  four  rods  from  the  hne  between  Daniel  Lothrop,  Jr, 
and  Joseph  Bishop,  and  running  to  the  road  leading  by  Elias  Lane's  to  the  south  part  of 
Leeds.  2.  Beginning  on  the  Monmouth  line  16  rods  from  the  N.  W.  corner  of  said  line, 
and  running  thence  in  a  westerly  direction  to  the  county  road.  3.  Beginning  at  Livermore 
south  line  at  the  N.  W.  corner  of  lot  No.  99  thence  S.  5.  W.  52.5  rods  to  the  S.  W.  corner 
of  Lot  No.  95.  4.  Beginning  at  the  road  between  Nathaniel  House's  and  Thos  Lindsay's 
line,  thence  S.  W.  80  rods.  5.  Beginning  at  the  Androscoggin  river  between  No.  9  &  10, 
and  running  easterly  to  the  road  nigh  Jonathan  Fisher's.  6.  Beginning  at  Green  line 
between  William  Gots  and  Black  Nathan's,  and  running  northeasterly.  7.  Beginning  21 
rods  from  Abiatha  Kichman's  and  running  north  easterly  to  the  county  road.  8.  Beginning 
on  the  county  road  nigh  the  line  between  Oliver  Randell  and  Abiel  Daily,  and  running 
southwesterly  to  Greene.  9.  Beginning  at  the  N.  W.  corner  of  Leeds  and  running 
southerly  on  the  bank  of  the  river  510  rods. 

Voted,  June  1,  1801,  that  these  roads  should  be  four  rods  wide.  November 
30  voted  against  indulging  Mr  Thomas  Francis  and  others  in  having  the  road 
leading  from  Livermore  line  to  the  county  road  three  rods  wide.  Accepted 
of  a  road  beginning  at  Andrew  Cushman's  on  the  road  leading  from  Jennings's 
to  Jonathan  Fisher's,  and  running  by  James  Stanley's  to  the  southwest  corner 
of  James  Lamb's  lot.  Abiel  Daily,  Peter  Lane,  and  Isaac  Boothby  were  the 
committee  to  examine  the  work  done  by  Thomas  Stinchfield  on  the  road  on 
the  north  side  of  Dead  river.     1802,  April  5,  accepted  roads:  — 

1.  Beginning  at  the  Androscoggin  river  60  rods  north  of  Joseph  Freeman's  south  line, 
and  running  southeasterly  to  the  south  line  between  Samuel  Herrick  and  Andrew  Cush- 
man,  and  thence  40  rods  upon  said  line.  2.  Beginning  at  John  Millet's  house  and 
running  northeasterly  to  the  road  between  Robert  and  Simeon  Gould's.  3.  Beginning 
near  Robert  Gould's,  thence  southeasterly  to  the  county  road  near  Hambleton  Jenkins's. 
4.  Beginning  on  the  road  near  Obadiah  PettengiU's  and  running  southerly  to  the  road  near 
William  and  Ebenezer  Curtis's.  5.  Accepted  of  a  road  running  N.  and  S.  through  Greene 
and  Leeds.  6.  Beginning  near  William  Pettingill's,  and  running  southerly  to  the  line 
between  Curtis  and  Hammon.  7.  Beginning  at  James  Lamb's  south  line  and  running 
N.  W.  about  960  rods, 


Town  of  Leeds.  557 


CHAPTER   XXXI. 

Excerpts  from  Town  Records  — First  Town   Meeting— First  OiEcers— Action  in  the 
Civil  War  — Civil  List. 

EXCERPTS  FROM  Town  Records.— TA^^  Fir^t  Town  Jf<'^'?%  was  called 
by  John  Chandler,  Esq.,  and  held  at  the  house  of  Solomon  Millett.  April 
6, 1801.  Dr  Abiel  Daily  was  chosen  clerk  and  treasurer;  John  Whiting, 
Daniel  Lothrop,  Oliver  Otis,  selectmen  and  assessors;  James  Lindsey,  collector  ; 
Levi  Caswell,  Stephen  Welcome,  John  Jennings,  Daniel  Lothrop,  Jr,  fence 
viewers;  Isaac  Collier,  Josiali  Turner,  Giddings  Lane,  Thomas  Lindsay, 
tithing-men ;  Josiah  Turner,  surveyor  of  boards;  Isaac  Collier,  sealer  of 
weights  and  measures;  William  Turner,  viewer  and  sealer  of  brick  moles; 
Abiel  Daily,  Benjamin  Millett,  Stephen  Welcome,  Cornelius  Gilbert,  Joseph 
Freeman,  hog  reeves;  James  Lane,  pound  keeper;  Robert  Elms,  William 
Gilbert,  Samuel  Jennings,  William  Pettengill,  field  drivers;  Josiah  Day, 
Joseph  Day,  William  Gilbert,  Samuel  Jennings,  Giddings  Lane,  Thomas 
Lindsay,  highways ;  Joseph  Day,  Levi  Bates,  William  Gilbert,  John  Jennings, 
Oliver  Randell,  Obadiah  Pettiiigill,  school  committee.  Voted  to  raise  -fTOO  for 
highways,  and  $200  for  schools.  Caleb  Strong  had  GO  votes,  and  Elbridge 
Gerry  13  votes,  for  governor.  April  30  Isaac  Collier  and  Obadiah  Pettingill 
were  added  to  the  board  of  selectmen.  June  1  voted  to  pay  for  recording  the 
connty  roads  laid  out  from  Greene  to  Livermore  and  Monmouth.  1806,  April 
G,  voted  to  raise  -175  for  town  stock  of  powder,  etc.  1807,  May  11,  voted  that 
the  selectmen  petition  the  General  Court  to  grant  the  petition  for  incorporating 
a  canal  from  Androscoggin  to  Kennebec  rivers.  November  16  voted  to  hold 
town  meetings  at  the  Baptist  meeting-house.  1810,  March  5,  voted  to  raise 
$70  to  procure  military  stores.  May  7  voted  that  the  selectmen  be  authorized 
to  give  a  bounty  of  25  cents  to  each  person  that  shall  present  to  them  a  crow 
killed  in  Leeds,  at  any  time  to  the  middle  of  July  next.  November  5  voted 
to  build  a  brick  house  to  deposit  the  military  stores  in,  to  be  completed  by 
May  first,  and  to  put  up  the  building  of  the  house  to  the  lowest  bidder,  and 
Josiah  Turner  bid  it  off  for  $28.  December  20  voted  to  raise  $180  to  complete 
stock  of  military  stores  and  to  defray  other  expenses.  1812,  November  2, 
voted  to  pay  to  the  detached  militia  men  $5  per  month,  in  case  they  are  called 
into  actual  service.  1813,  April  5,  voted  to  pay  the  Baptist  society  $8  for  the 
use  of  the  meeting-house  to  hold  town  meetings  in.  1815,  April  8,  voted  that 
the  town  treasurer  pay  to  the  officers  commanding  the  militia  companies  in 
September  last,  60  cents  for  each  man  in  said  companies  who  furnished  them- 


558  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

selves  with  three  days'  ammunition  while  in  government  service.  May  8  voted 
to  allow  GO  cents  to  each  commissioned  officer  and  20  cents  to  each  soldier  in 
the  militia  of  the  town  who  was  called  into  service  and  not  drafted  at  Pittston. 
1816,  May  20,  on  the  question  of  the  separation  of  the  district  of  Maine  and 
its  erection  into  a  separate  state,  Leeds  voted  yes,  154 ;  noes,  3.  1819, 
September  20,  Elder  Thomas  Francis  chosen  delegate  to  the  constitutional 
convention  in  Portland,  and  December  6  it  was  unanimously  voted  to  approve 
the  constitution  there  adopted. 

1820,  Aprils,  for  the  first  governor  of  Maine  Hon.  William  King  had  141 
votes,  with  5  scattering.  1822,  September  9,  voted  to  build  a  town  house. 
Seth  Fish  bid  off  the  building  for  8246.  Voted  that  he  come  under  bonds  in 
the  sura  of  -fSOO  to  finish  the  house  by  September  1  next  in  a  workmanlike 
manner.  1823,  September  8,  the  first  meeting  held  in  the  new  town  house. 
1824,  Daniel  Foss,  John  Keen,  and  Stephen  Rackley  were  licensed  to  sell 
spirituous  liquors.  1825,  April  4,  voted  that  Mr  Elias  Lane  build  the  pound, 
according  to  the  plan,  for  |30.  1831,  March  7,  voted  to  raise  1400  for  support 
of  the  poor.  Voted  to  notify  town  meetings  in  the  future  by  posting  notices  at 
the  town  house,  at  Oliver  P.  Frost's  shop  and  at  Stephen  Welcome's.  1832, 
April  2,  voted  to  notify  town  meetings  in  the  future  by  posting  notifications  at 
Metcalf's  shop,  at  the  Baptist  meeting-house,  and  at  William  Turner's  store. 
September  10  voted  to  build  a  stone  bridge  over  the  stream  near  Robert 
Gould's.  1834,  March  31,  voted  that  Israel  Herrick  and  Allen  Freeman  have 
gates  on  so  much  of  the  road  as  exists  between  the  southeast  corner  of  Samuel 
and  Israel  Herricks's  orchard  and  Allen  Freeman's  Corner,  so-called,  during 
the  pleasure  of  the  town.  1836,  voted  to  build  a  good  new  float  bridge  at  or 
near  where  the  old  float  bridge  now  is  across  Dead  river.  1837,  March  7, 
voted  to  raise  $650  for  the  support  of  the  poor.  1839,  April  1,  the  constable 
was  directed  to  post  up  copies  of  warrants  for  town  meetings  at  Walter  Foss's 
tavern,  at  Stephen  Welcome's  store,  at  Stephen  Day's  store,  and  on  the  outside 
door  of  the  town  house.  December  1,  voted  that  Harvey  Bates,  Uriah  Foss,  and 
Isaac  Boothby  borrow  i$250  to  pay  the  expenses  of  camp  equipage,  etc., 
furnished  the  soldiers  drafted  by  order  of  the  legislature  in  1839,  and  that  they 
be  remunerated  from  the  town  treasury. 

1841,  April  5,  the  town  was  divided  into  12  school  districts  and  the  limits 
defined.  1843,  March  8,  resolved  that  the  selectmen  be  instructed  to  use  lawful 
means  to  suppress  the  sale  of  intoxicating  drinks  without  a  license  in  all  places 
of  the  town.  May  1  the  constable  was  directed  to  notify  town  meetings  by 
posting  the  warrant  at  the  Centre  Meeting  House,  at  Union  Chapel,  at 
Welcome's  store,  and  at  the  school-house  near  Thomas  Owen's.  December  9 
the  town  line  between  Leeds  and  Monmouth  was  perambulated.  1846,  October 
26,  the  much-discussed  bridge  to  succeed  the  float  bridge  across  Dead  river 
was  let  to  Josiah  Day,  2d,  to  build.     Price,  ,|300  and  the  old  bridge.     1847, 


Town  of  Leeds.  659 


March  27,  voted  to  raise  |2,000  for  highways,  1450  for  town  expenses,  -1300 
for  bridge,  -tOO  for  making  road  to  Monmouth  line.  1848,  April  25,  East 
Livermore  line  perambulated.  September  11  voted  to  build  a  bridge  near 
George  Turner's.  1849,  March  C>,  voted  to  build  a  hearse  house  and  purchase 
hearse,  harness,  etc.,  for  the  town  and  to  raise  'tlOO  for  the  purpose.  1851, 
March  4,  the  clerk  was  authorized  to  collect  all  the  books,  maps,  charts,  and 
papers  properly  belonging  to  the  town,  and  voted  that,  when  any  person  takes 
out  any  of  the  above-named,  he  shall  be  charged  with  the  same  ;  also,  voted 
to  repair  the  town  house  and  that  the  selectmen  shall  erect  guide-posts  ;  also 
to  petition  the  legislature  to  define  the  boundaries  of  the  town.  April  7 
voted  to  prosecute  all  violations  of  the  law  in  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors. 
1852,  February  9,  voted  to  aid  the  Androscoggin  railroad  to  the  extent  of 
$15,000,  145  in  favor,  106  against.  March  10  voted  that  town  meetings  be 
notified  by  posting  notices  on  all  the  meeting-houses  in  town  except  the 
Friends. 

1853,  March  7,  raised  $500  to  pay  town  debts.  1854,  March  7,  voted  $825 
for  schools,  $800  for  the  poor,  $250  for  debts,  $200  for  expenses,  $3,000  for 
highways.  A  new  burying-ground  was  laid  out  in  District  No.  3  this  year. 
In  September  cast  143  votes  for  Lewiston  as  county  seat  and  48  for  Auburn. 
October  2  John  Gilmore,  Isaacher  Lane,  and  Isaac  Boothby  were  chosen  a 
committee  to  buy  a  town  farm,  which  they  did  soon,  as  January  15,  1855,  it 
was  voted  that  the  committee  who  purchased  the  town  farm  procure  all  needed 
supplies  for  the  poor,  and  February  10  William  Robbins  and  wife  were  engaged 
to  labor  on  and  oversee  the  town  farm  and  poor  for  $200  for  the  year.  In 
April,  1857,  voted  to  discontinue  the  bridge  across  Dead  river  near  where 
Samuel  Boothby  formerly  lived,  and  to  rebuild  the  Foss  and  Stinchfield 
bridges.  December  4  voted  not  to  rebuild  the  buildings  of  the  town  farm,  but 
instructed  the  selectmen  to  sell  the  farm  and  buy  another  whenever  in  either 
case  they  deemed  it  for  the  interest  of  the  town  to  do  so.  [These  buildings 
were  burned  November  25,  1857,  and  Mary  Pease  and  Mary  A.  Bridgham  lost 
their  lives.]  In  1860  Israel  Washburn,  Jr,  had  171  votes  for  governor  to 
Ephraim  K.  Smart  120.  In  1865  voted  $1,050  for  schools,  $500  for  poor,  $150 
for  repairing  roads  and  bridges,  $200  for  expenses,  $2,000  for  town  debt  and 
interest,  $2,500  for  highways.-  January  7,  1867,  S.  L.  Howard  chosen  select- 
man in  place  of  Aaron  Winslow,  resigned.  March  10,  1868,  voted  to  raise 
$150  for  guide-posts.     May  4  voted  $300  to  repair  town  house. 

1873,  March  17,  voted  to  raise  $400  for  the  support  of  free  high  schools  the 
ensuing  year.  1874,  March  9,  voted  that  any  corporation  or  individual 
investing  not  less  than  $3,000  in  any  manufacturing  carried  on  by  steam  or 
water-power  located  at  Leeds  Center,  shall  be  exempt  from  taxation  for  10 
years.  1877,  voted  to  abolish  the  liquor  agency.  1879,  September  8,  voted 
unanimously  for  biennial  elections  and  sessions  of  the  legislature.    1880,  March 


500  HiSTOKY  OF  Androscoggin  County. 

8,  voted  Isaiah  B.  Adcliton  to  go  before  the  legislative  commission  on  state 
valuation  at  such  time  as  he  may  deem  proper,  to  effect,  if  possible,  a  reduction 
of  valuation  of  the  town.  1882,  March  13,  voted  that  the  selectmen  procure  a 
hearse  and  provide  a  place  to  keep  it.  1886,  March  8,  voted  to  exempt  the 
Lewiston  Monumental  Works  from  taxation  for  six  years,  if  they  will  locate  at 
West  Leeds.  1887,  March  14,  voted  to  erect  guide-boards  at  all  points  needed 
and  repair  old  ones  as  required  by  law.  1890,  March  10,  the  superintending 
school  committee  were  instructed  to  expend  the  undrawn  balance  of  the  free 
high  school  appropriation  of  1887  in  the  maintenance  of  a  free  high  school  in 
District  No.  10  for  not  exceeding  10  weeks  from  February  24.  The  appropri- 
ations were:  For  support  of  schools,  81,000;  for  support  of  poor,  $600;  for 
roads  and  bridges,  $500;  for  labor  and  material  on  highways,  $2,000;  for  school 
text-books,  -1300;  for  repair  of  farm  buildings,  $200;  for  miscellaneous  pur- 
poses, $500.  September  8  the  vote  for  governor  was:  William  P.  Thompson, 
98;  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  97;  Isaac  R.  Clark,  11;  Aaron  Clark,  3.  In  1891  the 
annual  report  shows  a  valuation  of  $302,369,  of  which  $214,385  is  resident  real 
estate  and  $63,208  personal.  The  number  of  polls  is  271  at  $2  each.  The 
treasurer's  account  shows  total  receipts  $4,676.99  and  total  expenditures 
$4,521.84,  leaving  an  undrawn  balance  February  20,  1891,  of  $155.15.  The 
town  paid  $7.90  in  crow  bounty. 

Action  in  the  Civil  War.  —  At  a  special  meeting  July  6,  1861,  voted  that  P.  B.  Caswell, 
Lloyd  Gould,  and  Samuel  More  be  a  committee  to  draw  orders  on  the  town  treasurer  for  such 
sums  of  money  as  may  be  expended  for  the  support  of  families  of  those  "  who  have  or  may 
enlist  for  the  defence  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes."  March,  1862,  voted  to  make  the  selectmen 
(Benjamin  Harris,  Greenwood  C.  Gordon,  Benjamin  Hodsdou)  a  committee  to  look  after 
the  soldiers'  families.  July  22,  1862,  voted  to  pay  each  volunteer  $75  when  he  is  mustered 
into  the  U.  S.  service.  August  26,  voted  $100  to  each  volunteer  under  the  last  call  of  the 
President,  and  $50  to  each  soldier  drafted  and  sworn  into  the  service  from  Leeds.  1863, 
November  30,  voted  that  $350  be  paid  each  recruit  when  mustered  in,  and  that  the  select- 
men designate  some  intiuential  man  to  procure  recruits  to  fill  the  town's  quota.  1864, 
August  13,  voted  that  the  town  furnish  $300  for  each  man  that  enlists  to  fill  the  quota  now 
called  for.  December  26  voted  to  pay  $400  as  a  bounty  to  each  volunteer  or  drafted  man 
that  may  volunteer  or  be  drafted  to  fill  the  call  of  the  President  to  the  extent  of  the  town's 
quota,  and  that  the  town  treasurer  be  authorized  to  loan  the  sum  of  $400  per  man  and 
make  such  papers  as  shall  most  effectually  bind  the  town  to  the  payment  of  the  same. 
1865,  March,  voted  to  issue  town  bonds  to  pay  the  war  debt.  Leeds  furnished  161  men  for 
the  Union  army  of  the  Rebellion. 

Civil  List.  — 1801  — Abial  Daily,  clerk;  John  Whiting,  Daniel  Lothrop,  Oliver  Otis,  Isaac  Collier, 
Obadiah  Pettingill,  selectmen,  1802  — Abial  Daily,  clerk;  John  Whiting,  Uriah  Foss,  Isaac  Collier, 
selectmen.  1803  — Abial  Daily,  clerk;  Oliver  Otis,  John  Whiting,  Robert  Gould,  selectmen.  1804  — 
Isaac  Collier,  clerk;  Oliver  Otis,  John  Whiting,  Robert  Gould,  selectmen.  1805—  Abial  Daily,  clerk  ; 
John  Whiting,  David  Woodman,  Uriah  Foss,  selectmen.  1806  — Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Uriah  Foss, 
Isaac  Collier,  George  Lothrop,  selectmen.  1807  — Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  George  Lothrop,  Isaac 
Collier,  Robert  Gould,  selectmen.  1808  — Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Isaac  Collier,  George  Lothrop, 
Capt.  Othniel  Pratt,  selectmen.  180!)  — Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Thomas  Francis,  John  Whiting, 
Moses  Stevens,  selectmen.      1810— Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Thomas  Francis,  John  Whiting,  George 


Town  of  Leeds.  561 


Lothrop,  selectmen.  1811  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Thomas  Francis,  George  Lothrop,  Abial  Daily, 
selectmen.  1812  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Thomas  Francis,  Uriah  Foss,  Isaiah  Beals,  selectmen. 
181.'5  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Thomas  Francis,  ITpjah  Foss,  Isaiah  Beals,  selectmen.  1814 — Thomas 
Francis,  clerk;  Thomas  Francis,  Uriah  Foss,  Martin  Leonard,  selectmen.  1815  —  Thomas  Francis, 
clerk;  Thomas  Francis,  George  Turner,  Oliver  Otis,  selectmen.  1816 — Thomas  Francis,  clerk; 
Thomas  Francis,  Uriah  Foss,  Oliver  Otis,  selectmen.  1817-1818-1819  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Thomas 
Francis,  Uriah  Foss,  George  Lothi-op,  selectmen.  1820-1821  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Thomas 
Francis,  Lewis  Turner,  Daniel  Parcher,  selectmen.  1822  —  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  William 
Gould,  Harvey  Bates,  .John  Francis,  selectmen.  182.3-1824  —  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  Capt.  John 
Francis,  William  Gould,  Harvey  Bates,  selectmen.  1825— Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  John 
Francis,  Harvey  Bates,  Solomon  Lothrop,  selectmen.  1826  —  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  John 
Francis,  Solomon  Lothrop,  Stephen  Wellcome,  selectmen.  1827 — Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk; 
Oliver  Otis,  Harvey  Bates,  Stephen  Wellcome,  selectmen.  1828 —  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  John 
Francis,  Solomon  Lothrop,  Levi  Foss,  selectmen.  1829  —  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  Harvey  Bates, 
Israel  Herrick,  Stillman  Howard,  selectmen.  1830-1831  —  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  Harvey 
Bates,  Levi  Foss,  Solomon  Lothrop,  selectmen.  1832  —  T.  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  Harvey  Bates,  Israel 
Herrick,  John  Gould,  selectmen.  1833-1834-1835  —  T.  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  John  Francis,  Stephen 
Rackley,  Joshua  Turner,  selectmen.  1836  —  T.  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  Joshua  S.  Turner,  Benjamin 
Francis,  Lssacher  Lane,  selectmen.  1837  — T.  W.  Bridgham,  clerk;  Harvey  Bates,  Benjamin  Francis, 
Issacher  Lane,  selectmen.  1838-1839  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  Harvey  Bates,  Uriah  Foss,  Isaac 
Boothby,  selectmen.  1840  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  John  Gilmore,  Uriah  Foss,  Isaac  Boothby, 
selectmen.  1841  —  Thomas  Francis,  clerk;  John  Gilmore,  Reuel  Foss,  George  K.  Stinchfield,  select- 
men. 1842  —  Barnabas  Davee,  clerk;  Josiah  Day,  2d,  Harvey  Bates,  Charles  Knapp,  selectmen. 
1843-1844 — B.  Davee,  clerk;    Leavitt  Lothrop, 'Josiah  Day,  2d,  Benjamin  Francis,  selectmen.    1845  — 

B.  Davee,  clerk;  Leavitt  Lothrop,  Benjamin  Francis,  Uriah  Foss,  selectmen.  1846  —  B.  Davee,  clerk; 
Josiah  Day,  2d,  Uriah  Foss,  Thomas  Owen,  selectmen.  1847  —  B.  Davee,  clerk;  Uriah  Foss,  Thomas 
Owen,  Isaac  Boothby,  selectmen.  1848 — B.  Davee,  clerk;  Uriah  Foss,  Isaac  Boothby,  John  Lane, 
selectmen.  1849 — Friend  D.  Lord,  clerk;  Isaac  Boothby,  Peleg  B.  Caswell,  Stillman  L.  Howard, 
selectmen.  1850  —  F.  D.  Lord,  clerk;  Peleg  B.  Caswell,  S.  L.  Howard,  George  K.  Stinchfield,  select- 
men. 1851  —  F.  B.  Leonard,  clerk;  S.  L.  Howard,  George  K.  Stinchfield,  Davis  F.  Lothrop,  selectmen. 
1852  —  F.  B.Leonard,  clerk;  Josiah  Day,  Cyrus  Bates,  F.D.  Millett,  selectmen.  1853  — F.  B.  Leonard, 
clerk;  Harvey  Bates,  S.  L.  Howard,  I.  T.  Boothby,  selectmen.  1854  —  John  Turner,  clerk;  Harvey 
Bates,  S.  L.  Howard,  I.  T.  Boothby,  selectmen.  1855 — John  Turner,  clerk;  S.  L.  Howard,  Salmon 
Brewster,  Uriah  Foss,  selectmen.  1836-1857  —  John  Turner,  clerk;  Uriah  Foss,  Peleg  B.  Caswell, 
Isaiah  B.  Additon,  selectmen.  1858  — Gessius  F.  Jennings,  clerk;  P.  B.  Caswell,  Isaac  Boothby,  Oscar 
D.  Turner,  selectmen.  1859-1860 — G.  F.  Jennings,  clerk;  Isaiah  B.  Addition,  O.  B.  Turner, 
Augustus  Ramsdell,  selectmen.  1861  —  G.  F.  Jennings,  clerk;  P.  B.  Caswell,  Lloyd  Gould,  Samuel 
More,  selectmen.  1862  —  G.  F.  Jennings,  clerk;  Benjamin  Francis,  Greenwood  C.  Gordon,  Benjamin 
Hodsdon,  selectmen.  1863  —  Davis  Francis,  clerk;  Benjamin  Hodsdon,  G.  C.  Gordon,  Arza  G.  Lothrop, 
selectmen.  1864  —  Davis  Francis,  clerk;  Seth  Howard,  Benjamin  Turner,  Henry  F.  Woodman, 
selectmen.  1865 — D.  Francis,  clerk;  S.  L.  Howard,  Uriah  Foss,  Davis  Francis,  selectmen.  1866  — 
J.  G.  Gott,  clerk;  S.  L.  Howard,  D.  Francis,  Benjamin  Hodsdon,  selectmen.  1867  —  J.  G.  Gott,  clerk; 
A.  G.  Lothrop,  Freeman  Andrews,  Aaron  Winslow,  selectmen.  1868  —  J.  G.  Gott,  clerk;  A.  G. 
Lothrop,  Benjamin  Francis,  B.  Hodsdon,  selectmen.  1869- John  Turner,  clerk;  A.  G.  Lothrop,  B. 
Francis,  G.  C.  Gordon,  selectmen.  1870  — John  Turner,  clerk;  I.  B.  Additon,  G.  F.  Jennings,  T.  S. 
Carver,  selectmen.  1871-1872-1873-1874-1875-1876-1877-1878  — John  Turner,  clerk;  I.  B.  Additon,  T.  S. 
Carver,  A.J.  Foss,  selectmen.  1879  —  C.  H.  Foster,  clerk;  I.  B.  Additon,  William  B.  Sumner,  John 
P.  Jennings,  selectmen.  1880  —  William  R.  Pettingill,  clerk;  I.  B.  Additon,  William  B.  Sumner,  John 
F.  Jennings,  selectmen.  1881-1882  —  C.  H.  Foster,  clerk;  I.  B.  Additon,  William  B.  Sumner,  Henry 
Francis,  selectmen.  1883  —  G.  W.  Lane,  clei'k;  I.  B.  Additon,  John  F.  Jennings,  Joseph  Moody, 
selectmen.  1884  —  R.  S.  Loring,  clerk;  C.  A.  Lovejoy,  John  F.  Jennings,  Joseph  Moody,  selectmen. 
1885  —  R.  S.  Loring,  clerk;  C.  A.  Lovejoy,  John  F.  Jennings,  Joseph  Moody,  selectmen.  1886  — R.  S. 
Loring,  clerk;  C.  A.  Lovejoy,  Henry  Pettengill,  Joseph  Moody,  selectmen.    1887  —  R.  S.  Loring,  clerk; 

C.  A.  Lovejoy,  H.  F.  Pettengill,  J.  F.  Moody,  selectmen.  1888  —  R.  S.  Loring,  clerk;  C.  A.  Lovejoy, 
C.  B.  Lane,  G.  T.  Bishop,  selectmen.  1889-1890  —  R.  S.  Loring,  clerk;  C.  B.  Lane,  G.  T.  Bishop,  G.  A. 
Jennings,  selectmen.  1891 — R.  S.  Loring,  clerk;  C.  B.  Lane,  G.  T.  Bishop,  George  Parcher, 
selectmen. 


562  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


CHAPTER   XXXH. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  — Universalisiu  — Methodism  —  Tiie  First  Freewill  Baptist 
Church  — The  Quakers  —  Schools  —  Temperance  — Mills,  Other  Industries  —  Sketches. 

THE  FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH.— At  the  time  of  Jesse  Lee's  preaching 
here  in  1794  Thomas  Francis  and  others  were  converted,  and  in  June, 
1795,  Elder  Potter  baptized  a  few  persons.  This  was  the  first  Baptist 
movement  in  the  town.  Mr  Case  came  soon  after  and  baptized  several  who 
joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Wayne.  Meetings  in  Leeds  were  held  in  Gid- 
dings  Lane's  barn.  In  1799  Mr  Francis  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist,  and  in 
June,  1800,  a  "Church  of  Christ"  was  constituted  at  Leeds  Centre,  with  these 
members:  Elder  Thomas  Francis,  Eleazer  Carver,  Daniel  Lothrop,  Giddings 
Lane,  Eunice  Knapp,  Jemima  Lane,  Daniel  Robbins,  Matilda  Millett,  Joanna 
Turner,  Isaac  Freeman,  James  Sampson,  Sarah  Foster,  Joseph  Gould,  Thomas 
Millett,  Zebulon  Millett,  Elizabeth  Otis.  Elder  Francis  was  elected  pastor, 
and  Giddings  Lane,  deacon.  Elder  Francis  was  appointed  to  prepare  a  letter 
to  the  Bowdoin  Baptist  Association  requesting  admission  into  that  body,  and 
Elder  Francis  and  Deacon  Lane  were  sent  as  "messengers."  The  First  BaiMst 
Society  was-  incorporated  June  23,  1804,  with  these  members :  Thomas  D. 
Brands,  Oliver  Otis,  Josiah  Turner,  Zebulon  P.  Millett,  James  Lane,  Nathaniel 
House,  Jr,  Andrew  Cushman,  Samuel  Herrick,  John  Millett,  Isaac  Collier, 
Uriah  Foss,  Giddings  Lane,  Isaac  Truman,  Ebenezer  Mason,  Daniel  Lane,  Jr, 
Thomas  Millett,  Jr,  Simeon  Gould,  Phinehas  Foss,  Robert  Gould,  Joseph 
Gould,  Seth  Howard,  Abial  Daily,  Daniel  Lowtln'op,  Daniel  Lowthrop,  Jr, 
James  Stanley,  David  Woodman,  Eleazer  Carver,  Daniel  Robbins,  Thomas 
Millet,  and  William  Turner,  "  and  their  families  and  estates."  With  some  of 
the  best  people  as  members  and  constant  attendants  upon  divine  service,  and 
under  the  earnest  labors  of  Rev.  Mr  Francis,  this  church  grew  in  numbers  and 
strength.     March  19,  1806,  this  letter  was  read  to  the  society:  — 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  following  persons  request  to  joiu  the  first  Baptist  Society  in 
Leeds  with  their  polls  and  estates,  and  they  co-unite  in  religious  worship  with  said  Society: 
(viz)  James  Lamb,  Samuel  Leadbetter,  Peter  Lane,  Thomas  Lothrop,  Samuel  Lane, 
Obediah  Turner,  Roger  Stinchfleld,  Isaac  Boothby,  and  Dodavah  Harmon,  all  of  Leeds. 

Abiel  Daily,  Clerk  of  said  Society. 

In  1806  the  meeting-house  at  Leeds  Centre  was  completed.  Rev.  Thomas  D. 
F'rancis  laid  deep  the  foundations  of  the  church  by  his  fervent  preaching  until 
1835.  He  died  May  9,  1836.  This  year  the  meeting-house  was  repaired. 
Solomon  Lothrop,  Rowland  Howard,  and  Leavitt  Lothrop  were  the  committee 


Town  of  Leeds.  563. 


in  charge.  The  successors  of  Elder  Francis  were  Allen  Barrows,  from  1835  to 
1837;  Smith  Hinkley,  1837;  Wilson  C.  Rider,  1838;  Daniel  Hutchinson,  1839; 
Robert  C.  Starr,  1810  ;  Daniel  Hutchinson,  1841 ;  S.  S.  Leighton,  1842  to  1845  ; 
J.  W.  Lawton,  1846  to  1848;  Elders  Sargent  and  Tilton,  1849;  Allen  Barrows, 
1850  to  1855;  Abram  Snyder,  1856;  Elder  Gurney,1857;  Elder  Fulton,  1858; 
Joel  P.  Chapin,  1859  to  1863;  O.  Richardson,  1863;  William  E.  Noyes,  1864 
to  1868;  Joel  Wheeler,  1868;  Henry  A.  Libby,  1869;  S.  S.  Brownson,  1870  to 
1873.  In  1870  Seth  Millett  was  chosen  deacon  in  place  of  A.  J.  Lane,  resigned. 
J.  E.  Palmer  was  also  deacon  at  this  time.  In  1887,  in  a  communication  to 
the  Bowdoinham  Baptist  Association,  was  written :  — 

During  the  87  years  of  our  existence  upwards  of  200  members  have  been  enrolled.  For 
G7  years  a  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society  has  been  sustained,  and  every  year  a  cou- 
tribution  of  from  $5  to  $20  has  been  made  in  its  behalf.  Our  pulpit  has  been  supplied 
occasionally  for  the  past  year.  Bro.  A.  A.  Mainwaring  has  labored  among  us  nearly  every 
week  with  encouraging  results.  Our  congregation  has  averaged  somewhat  larger  than  for 
a  few  years  past.  Our  Sunday  school  is  still  flourishing  under  Bro.  H.  W.  Lincoln's  earnest 
and  able  management. 

Deacon  T.  C.  Libby  died  in  1889,  and  October  12  Seth  Howard  was  re-elected 
senior  deacon  and  W.  R.  Pettingill  junior  deacon,  to  serve  seven  years.  March 
7,  1891,  it  was  voted  to  make  the  seats  free,  and  March  12  to  make  extensive 
repairs.  This  time-honored  structure  has  been  remodeled,  reconstructed,  and 
entirely  renovated. 

The  Second  Baptist  Church  and  Society  were  organized  in  1843,  erected  a 
meeting-house  at  South  Leeds,  and  had  a  prosperous  existence  for  many  years 
under  the  ministrations  of  Rev.  Walter  Foss,  its  only  pastor.  It  lost  its  visi- 
bility about  1872. 

Universalism.  —  From  a  very  early  period  the  preaching  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Barnes  had  found  sympathy  in  many  households  of  Leeds.  The  earliest 
history  of  a  Universalist  organization  is  given  in  a  manuscript  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Israel  Herrick,  bearing  date  1833,  giving  answers  to  questions 
asked  in  the  Intelligeyicei-  of  September  28,  relative  to  the  state  of  Universalist 
societies  in  Kennebec  and  Somerset  counties.     He  says:  — 

The  First  Universalist  Society  in  Leeds  was  organized  March  13,  1830,  of  60  members. 
There  usually  attends  meeting  about  200  people.  In  the  summer  of  1832  the  society  hired 
preaching  one-quarter  of  the  time  for  six  months.  Rev.  Thomas  Dolloflf  preached,  for 
which  we  paid  him  $24  in  money,  raised  by  subscription ;  we  have  no  funds.  Our  society 
is  scattered  all  over  the  town,  and  the  subscriptions  fall  on  those  near  the  meeting,  besides 
our  society  generally  is  not  of  the  wealthiest  class,  therefore  our  subscriptions  are  not  in 
proportion  to  our  numbers.  The  society  has  not  much  increased  or  diminished.  Our 
prospects  are  as  good  as  at  any  former  period.  We  have  had  no  difficulty  in  obtaining 
preaching  in  proportion  to  our  means  until  the  present  season.  We  have  no  meeting-house, 
our  meetings  are  well  accommodated  in  the  town  house.  Our  society  is  well  united  —  a  good 
degree  of  feeling  existing  among  the  members.     We  hold  no  meetings  except  on  Sundays, 


564  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

have  no  Sunday  School  nor  Bible  Class.  We  have  our  regular  yearly  society  meetings 
besides  intermediate  meetings  as  occasion  requires,  but  generally  not  fully  attended.  It  is 
my  opinion  that  the  number  that  attends  our  meeting  is  larger  than  attends  any  other 
meeting  in  town  except  the  Free-Willers,  which  occasionally  may  be  as  large  or  larger  than 
ours.  I  should  think  not  far  from  one-half  of  the  ratable  polls  were  in  favor  of  the 
doctrine  of  Universalism. 

At  this  time  some  of  the  leading  members  were  Israel  Herrick,  Levi  Foss, 
John  Francis,  Caleb  Carver,  William  Gott,  Simeon  Gould,  Barnabas  Davee, 
George  Lothrop,  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  Benjamin  Millett,  Alexander  Jennings, 
Ebenezer  Stinchfield,  Samuel  More,  James  Lindsey,  John  Carver,  Solomon 
Lothrop,  Samuel  Jennings,  Levi  Dunham,  Levi  Caswell,  Lemuel  Sumner, 
James  Stinchfield.  From  this  time  we  find  no  records  until  March  20,  1837, 
when  a  petition  to  (reorge  Lothrop,  Esq.,  asking  him  to  issue  his  warrant  to 
Barnabas  Davee,  directing  him  to  notify  the  petitioners  to  meet  at  the  town 
house,  April  15,  to  organize  the  First  Universalist  Society  of  Leeds,  was  signed 
by  Israel  Herrick,  Asa  Rose,  B.  Millett,  Jr,  William  P.  Millett,  O.  J.  Frost, 
Solomon  Lothrop,  Benjamin  Millett,  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  Franklin  B. 
Leonard,  Samuel  More,  Isaac  Pratt,  Eben  Stinchfield,  James  K.  Stinchfield, 
Isaac  Boothby,  John  Carver,  James  Stinchfield,  Jr,  Aaron  Dvvinal,  Barnabas 
Davee,  Elias  Lane,  Robert  Crumett.  In  1836  the  Baptist  meeting-house  had 
been  jointly  repaired  by  the  L^niversalists  and  Baptists,  and  an  agreement 
made  whereby  the  Universalists  were  to  occupy  the  house  "  the  fourth  Sunday 
in  each  month."  The  society  was  duly  organized,  a  constitution  adopted, 
Israel  Herrick  elected  clerk,  and  assessors,  etc.,  chosen.  It  is  most  probable 
that  the  following  were  pew  owners  in  the  repaired  church :  Alexander 
Jennings,  Aaron  Dwinal,  Samuel  More,  Solomon  Lothrop  two,  Giddings  Lane 
two,  Eben  Stinchfield,  John  D.  Millett,  Benjamin  i\Iillett,  Jr,  Israel  Herrick, 
Lemuel  Sumner,  Ira  Lamb,  Isaac  Pratt,  Isaac  Boothby,  Robert  Crumett. 

In  April,  1843,  Giddings  Lane,  I.  Herrick,  S.  More  were  elected  assessors, 
Samuel  More,  John  D.  Millett,  Isaac  Boothb}^  a  committee  "to  see  whether 
the  agreement  entered  into  between  the  society's  relative  to  the  occupancy  of 
the  Meeting-house  is  Binding."  This  was  the  commencement  of  a  long  and 
serious  contest  for  the  title  of  one-fourth  of  the  liouse,  culminating  in  a  suit 
brought  by  the  Baptist  society  against  Perry  Grant  for  malicious  trespass  in 
breaking  open  the  meeting-house  for  Universalist  service.  From  the  decision 
of  the  supreme  court  in  favor  of  the  Baptist  ownership  an  appeal  was  taken. 
The  decision  was  made  in  1871  in  favor  of  the  plaintiffs  on  the  ground  that 
under  the  act  of  incorporation  of  the  Baptist  society  there  could  not  be  a  legal 
transfer  of  any  of  its  property.  In  1872  an  elegant  Universalist  meeting- 
house containing  52  pews  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $5,000,  and  November  10, 
1873,  Isaiah  B.  Additon,  Giddings  Lane,  Horace  Herrick,  B.  Davee,  R. 
Jennings,  Charles  S.  Gordon,  Lewis  Churchill,  H.  L.  Millett,  Willard  Lothrop, 


Town  of  Leeds.  565 


Rollin  S.  Loriiig,  I.  F.  Jennings,  L.  H.  Sumner,  and  W.  B.  Sumner  petitioned 
H.  M.  Brewster,  Esq.,  for  a  warrant  enabling  the  "Stockholders  of  the  Leeds 
Center  Parish  Church,"  to  make  an  incorporation,  which  was  effected  Novem- 
ber 18,  when  Giddings  Lane  was  chosen  clerk.  He  held  that  office  until  his 
death,  when  his  son,  G.  W.  Lane,  succeeded  him.  Rev.  (^tis  H.  Johnson,  of 
Jay,  preached  every  fourth  Sunday  from  1869  to  1879,  and  part  of  the  time 
every  other  Sunday.  He  was  succeeded  by  Revs.  Barnes,  Bosserman,  White, 
Cutler,  and  Smith.  The  society  maintains  preaching  through  the  summer, 
and  has  a  well-attended  Sabbath  school;  Willard  Lothrop,  superintendent. 

Methodism  was  preached  in  Littleborough  (Leeds),  December  23,  1794,  by 
Jesse  Lee,  who  rode  to  Mr  Lane's  house,  and  at  two  o'clock  preached  to  a 
crowded  congregation,  "  and  the  melting  presence  of  God  was  among  us."  In 
the  evening  he  preached  from  the  text,  "  Casting  all  your  care  upon  him ; 
for  he  careth  for  you."  Many  of  his  hearers  were  affected,  and  he  notes  :  "It 
appeared  as  if  the  whole  neighborhood  was  about  to  turn  to  God."  This  town 
was  in  Readfield  circuit  as  early  as  1795  :  subsequently  it  became  a  part  of 
Monmouth  circuit,  and  for  many  years  was  regularly  visited  by  the  preachers. 
A  class  was  formed  as  early  as  1795.  In  1838  Rev.  John  Allen  held  a 
protracted  meeting  in  the  school-house  at  Quaker  Ridge ;  several  persons 
were  converted,  and  a  class  was  formed  with  Salmon  Brewster  leader,  and 
Mrs  Salmon  Brewster,  Morgan  Brewster  and  wife,  Nathan  Stetson  and 
wife,  Charles  A.  Additon,  Ruby  Additon,  Louisa  Gilmore,  Huldah  Gilmore, 
Louisa  Additon,  George  D.  Lothrop,  Pamelia  Bridgham,  and  other  members. 
The  society  increased,  and  held  meetings  in  the  school-house  until  1851,  when, 
through  the  instrumentality  of  Rev.  John  Cumner,  the  pastor,  and  through  the 
liberality  of  Salmon  Brewster,  the  meeting-house  was  built.  Leeds  and 
Greene  have  been  a  circuit  for  many  years,  with  preaching  at  Quaker  Ridge  and 
Keen's  Corners.  The  society  is  somewhat  scattered  in  residence.  In  1881 
a  parsonage  was  purchased  and  fitted  up.  .  In  1886  there  were  37  members, 
80  Sunday-school  scholars.  Church  valued  at -^1,000;  parsonage,  #500.  That 
year  the  society  paid  off  the  debt  on  the  parsonage.  A  new  union  chapel, 
costing  $1,400,  at  Keen's  Corner,  was  dedicated  May  5,  1891. 

A  Methodist  class,  now  joined  to  Wayne  circuit,  has  long  existed  at  North 
Leeds.  Amos  Thombs  was  class  leader  many  years.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Elisha  D.  Gould,  whose  son,  Russell,  now  holds  the  office.  There  are  sixteen 
members.  Rev.  J.  R.  Masterman  preaches  every  other  Sabbath  in  the  union 
chapel. 

The  First  Freewill  Baptist  Church  was  organized  at  North  Leeds,  February 
11,  1829,  by  Elder  Abiezer  Bridges.  The  original  members  were  Joshua 
Tupper,  Warren  Howard,  Lucy  Tupper,  Mercy  Dunham,  Julia  A.  Stanley, 
Almira  Turner,  Martha  Grant  (now,  June  1,  1891,  aged  95),  Anna  Additon, 
Deborah  Bridges,  Eliza  Bridges.     It  belonged  to  Bowdoin  Quarterly  Meeting, 


566  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  had  its  largest  membership  (75)  in  1836.  At  this  time  a  union  chapel  was 
erected,  one-half  owned  by  this  society,  one-fourth  by  the  Methodists,  and  one- 
fourth  by  individuals  of  the  Baptist  and  Campbellite  (Christian)  faith.  Prior 
to  183G  the  Fiee  Baptists  held  their  meetings  in  school-houses  and  dwellings, 
but  from  this  time  they  had  preaching  every  other  Sabbath  in  the  chapel. 
The  Quarterly  Meeting  recognizes  the  church,  although  the  membership  is  but 
eio-ht.  The  deacons  have  been  Joshua  Tupper,  Warren  Howard,  George 
Gould,  and  Francis  D.  Millett,  who  has  held  office  24  years. 

Rev.  Greenwood  Gordon  ministers  to  those  of  Christian  faith. 

The  Quakers  in  1807  erected  a  meeting-house  on  Quaker  Ridge.  They 
continued  to  hold  meetings  there  quite  a  number  of  years,  but  subsequently 
moved  their  meeting-house  about  a  mile  west  to  their  burying-ground,  and  a 
few  years  later  moved  it  opposite  Stephen  Wellcome's.  About  1869  it  was 
sold  and  torn  down,  the  society  having  become  extinct. 

Schools.  —  The  value  of  education  was  impressed  upon  the  children  of  the 
first  settlers  by  their  first  teacher,  that  wise  man,  Thomas  Francis,  and  the 
later  families  brought  from  their  Massachusetts  homes  that  reverence  for 
learning  so  characteristic  of  the  sons  of  the  Old  Bay  State.  1801,  April  6,  at 
the  first  town  meeting,  $200  was  voted  for  schools,  and  Joseph  Day,  Levi 
Bates,  William  Gilbert,  John  Jennings,  Oliver  Randell,  and  Obadiah  Pettingill 
were  chosen  school  committee.  November  31,  voted  to  accept  the  division  of 
districts  made  by  the  selectmen,  and  that  each  district  draw  their  own  money. 
In  1802  and  1803  $300  was  voted  for  schools.  November  7,  1803,  Elder 
Thomas  Francis,  Abiel  Daily,  and  George  Turner,  Jr,  were  chosen  to  inspect 
schools  and  teachers.  1804,  November  5,  voted  to  divide  the  school  money 
according  to  the  number  of  scholars.  1804  and  1805, 1300  raised  for  schooling. 
1806,  April  7,  $500  voted  for  schools.  June  9,  George  Lothrop,  Isaac  Collier, 
and  Thomas  Millett,  Jr,  were  chosen  to  divide  the  town  into  school  districts, 
and  nine  districts  were  defined.  1819,  March  8,  $500  was  raised  for  schools. 
1822,  voted  to  raise  $620  for  schools.  George  Turner,  Harvey  Bates,  Daniel 
Lothrop,  Oliver  Otis,  Stillman  Howard,  Daniel  Parcher,  Robert  Gould,  Samuel 
Brown,  Samuel  Stinchfield,  and  Joseph  Mitchell  were  chosen  to  revise  the 
limits  of  the  school  districts.  1831  and  1832,  voted  to  raise  $675  for  schools. 
1845  and  1846,  $700  voted  for  schools.  1848,  March  7,  the  school  committee 
recommended  that  a  high  school  be  established,  and  were  instructed  to  mature 
[plans  for]  the  same  and  report.  In  1860  and  for  a  few  years  after,  $1,050  was 
raised  for  schools,  and  in  1868, 1870,  and  1871  $1,200  were  voted.  In  1873  the 
town  raised  $400  for  high  schools.  From  this  time,  although  the  district 
system  has  been  maintained,  a  free  high  school  has  from  time  to  time  been 
kept,  and  great  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  other  schools;  good  teachers  as  a 
rule  have  been  employed,  and  satisfactory  results  have  followed  their  teaching. 
In  the  12  districts  of  the  town  in  1890  237  of  the  343  scholars  in  town  received 


Town  of  Leeds.  567 


instruction,  and,  in  addition  to  |!l,000  raised  by  the  town,  $661.40  from  the 
state  was  expended.  The  free  high  school  located  at  Leeds  Center  in  the 
spring  of  1890  was  taught  by  C.  F.  Leadbetter.  Miss  Laura  M.  Sylvester,  the 
supervisor,  is  a  normal  school  graduate  and  a  practical  teacher  of  more  than 
ordinary  ability.  Stephen  R.  Deane  has  done  good  service  on  the  school  com- 
mittee.    He  gives  this  graphic  account  of  early  schools :  — 

The  acquisition  of  a  common  school  education  60  years  ago  was  often  attended  with 
difficulties  of  which  scholars  of  the  present  age  know  nothing.  Many  districts  had  no 
school-houses.  I  recollect  attending  school  for  a  short  time  in  three  neighboring  districts 
where  the  schools  were  kept  in  winter  in  a  room  in  some  dwelling-house,  and  in  summer 
sometimes  in  a  shop,  a  corn  house,  and,  in  one  instance,  on  the  big  barn  floor.  The 
district  in  which  I  lived  had  no  school-house  till  several  years  after  I  ceased  to  be  a 
scholar.  The  district  lay  on  two  roads  nearly  parallel  to  each  other  and  about  a  mile 
apart,  and  no  road  within  its  limits  to  connect  them,  so  the  people  could  never  agree  upon 
a  proper  site  for  their  house  to  stand.  The  school-room  was  furnished  with  seats  made  of 
planks  or  slabs  long  enough  to  reach  from  end  to  end  and  from  side  to  side  of  the  room, 
and  the  desk  for  writing  was  of  like  material,  fastened  to  the  walls  (usually  on  three  sides 
of  the  room)  so  that  the  scholars  when  writing  were  obliged  to  turn  their  backs  to  the 
teacher  and  face  the  wall,  the  window,  and,  too  often,  the  darkness;  for  windows  were 
neither  large  nor  plenty,  one  or  more  corners  of  the  room  being  too  shady  for  the  pupil  to 
clearly  discern  the  plummet  lines  under  his  copy.  It  was  thought  that  for  a  boy  to  be  able 
to  perform  all  the  hard  problems  in  Kenney's  arithmetic  was  about  all  he  ever  need  to 
know  of  mathematics.  Reading,  writing,  and  geography  were  to  be  studied,  but  grammar 
was  considered  too  effeminate  and  quite  useless  unless  the  boy  aspired  to  become  a  teacher. 
Girls  learned  spelling,  reading,  and  grammar,  but  arithmetic  was  regarded  for  them  much 
as  grammar  was  for  boys.  Ambitious  mothers  provided  their  daughters  with  a  square  of 
nice  linen  for  the  foundation  of  a  sampler  on  which  the  letters  of  the  alphabet,  figures,  her 
age,  and  other  things  (according  to  the  fancy  of  her  teacher  and  her  skill)  were  to  be 
wrought  in  needle  work.  There  were  but  few  who  made  teaching  a  business,  and  in 
general  nothing  beyond  a  common  school  education  constituted  their  literary  qualifications. 
The  school  fund  was  small  and  apportioned  to  the  several  districts  according  to  the  number 
of  scholars  in  each. 

Temperance.  —  The  cause  of  temperance  has  been  strongly  upheld  by  tlie 
good  people  of  Leeds.  Even  before  the  days  of  the  Washingtonians  temper- 
ance meetings  were  held,  and  from  the  formation  of  the  first  society  here 
organizations  have  existed.  The  Good  Templars  have  two  lodges  at  this 
writing,  Stou}'^  Brook  at  North  Leeds  and  Sparkling  Diamond  at  Leeds 
Junction. 

Fir%t  Mills  and  Other  Industries.,  Merchants,  etc.  —  John  Jennings  built  the 
first  saw-mill,  a  small  affair,  about  1790,  at  West  Leeds,  for  the  use  of  himself 
and  his  three  sons  near  him,  but  accommodated  liis  other  neighbors  also.  This 
was  located  near  where  Zachary  Gary  afterwards  built  a  fulling  mill.  The 
second  saw-mill  was  built  in  1804  by  Thomas  Mitchell  and  Elias  and  Peter 
Lane.  Andrew  Gushman,  who  married  Bathsheba  Jennings  in  1789,  and 
settled  in  Leeds,  built  the  first  grist-mill,  in  1814,  on  the  privilege  at  West 


568  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Leeds  now  occupied  by  R.  E.  Swain.  In  1817  he  built  a  saw-mill  on  the  same 
power.  At  his  death  in  1844,  Daniel  Hinkley  became  proprietor,  and  built  a 
new  mill.  Stillman  and  Seth  Howard  later  owned  this  property.  Orrin  B. 
Taylor  was  the  next  owner;  he  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  E.  E.  Wheeler, 
Rodolphus  Jennings,  and  R.  E.  Swain.  Mr  Swain  has  a  manufactory  of  box 
boards  and  dowels,  employing  several  hands,  on  this  privilege.  Eben  Mason 
built  the  second  grist-mill  in  town  in  1816  on  this  same  stream,  deriving  his 
power  from  an  overshot  wheel,  16  feet  in  diameter.  Like  all  the  early  mills, 
this  had  a  short  existence.  This  Eben  Mason  was  the  first  blacksmith.  His 
shop  was  at  the  corner  where  Dr  Loring  lives.  Oliver  P.  Frost  had  a  black- 
smith shop  very  early  at  West  Leeds,  and  Charles  Bates  one  on  Quaker  Ridge. 
From  his  family  Bates  hill  takes  its  name.  Robert  Crumett  was  the  early 
blacksmith  at  the  Center.  Stephen  Welcome  and  Cyrus  Sampson  had 
"asheries,"  where  they  made  potash.  The  trades  of  tanning  and  shoeraaking 
were  early  combined.  Samuel  More,  who  served  in  the  navy  in  the  War  of 
1812  and  was  made  prisoner,  came  to  Leeds  in  1814,  put  up  a  small  tannery  at 
Leeds  Center,  and  was  the  town's  first  tanner.  He  continued  to  tan  leather 
and  make  shoes  until  1849.  He  died  in  1881.  James  and  Ira  Lamb  and  Seth 
Cary  were  also  tanners. 

Merchants.  —  The  earliest  were  the  Indian  traders,  Thomas  and  Roger 
Stinchfield.  Some  of  the  wealthier  early  settlers  kept  large  stocks  of  necessities 
for  their  own  use  and  frequentl}'  accommodated  their  neighbors  by  sales  or 
barter.  The  first  traders,  as  we  now  use  the  term,  were  Stephen  Welcome  in 
the  southwest  part,  William  Turner  in  the  south  part  (notices  for  town  meeting 
were  posted  on  his  store  in  1832),  Cyrus  Sampson  at  South  Leeds,  and 
Solomon  Lothrop.  Later  Stephen  Day  (1839)  and  Joshua  Lane  (at  the  Dr 
Loring  corner)  had  good  stores.  Solomon  Lothrop,  established  at  Leeds 
Center  in  1820,  was  in  trade  many  years.  Noah  Sturtevant,  from  Winthrop, 
succeeded  him  in  trade  until  his  store  was  burned.  Mr  Lothrop  rebuilt  the 
store  and  again  engaged  in  trade.  He  sold  to  Barnabas  Davee,  who  also 
conducted  a  furniture  shop  for  some  years.  About  1820  Simeon  Foss  was  in 
trade  on  the  southeast  corner  at  Leeds  Center,  and  Nathan  Randall  near  the 
town  house.  After  Davee  one  Fogg  traded  for  a  short  time,  and  then  the 
store  was  idle.  After  a  while  S.  &  S.  L.  Lothrop  put  in  a  stock  of  goods,  and 
later  sold  to  Thaddeus  F.  More  in  1846,  Josiah  Day  succeeding  him  in  1847. 
The  railroad  contractors  kept  a  store  from  1849  to  1853.  G.  G.  More,  son  of 
Samuel,  was  in  trade  in  1861.  After  him  came  Cyrus  B.  Lane,  succeeded  by 
Charles  Lane,  who  was  in  business  in  1872.  Wallace  L.  Francis  has  occupied 
this  stand  for  the  last  four  years,  carries  a  large  general  stock  of  goods,  does  a 
prosperous  business,  and  is  postmaster.  Giustavus  W.  Lane  established  himself 
at  the  Center  in  1883  as  a  dealer  in  groceries,  flour,  grain,  feed,  etc.  In 
connection  with  his  mercantile  business,  in  1889  he  erected  a  steam  grist-mill 


Town  of  Leeds.  569 


at  the  station,  to  grind  200  bushels  of  corn  daily.  This  has  increased  from  a 
business  of  |5,000  annually  to  150,000.  He  is  also  station  and  express  agent. 
Thomas  Q.  Foss  has  been  in  trade  and  wool  buying  at  North  Leeds  since  1850. 
H.  M.  Brewster  is  in  trade  at  Curtis's  Corner,  and  Brewster,  Burgess  &  Co. 
have  a  steam  mill,  and  manufacture  lumber  and  boxes.  C.  H.  Foster  is  a 
trader  at  West  Leeds.  Among  the  representative  farmers  are  Peter  Lane, 
T.  H.  Boothby,  D.  F.  Lothrop,  William  B.  Sumner,  Henry  G.  Mitchell,  the 
Additons,  Seth  Howard,  A.  J.  Foss,  Willard  Lothrop,  Cyrus  B.  Lane,  Henry 
Francis,  George  Parcher,  F.  D.  Millett. 

Physicians.  —  Abial  Daily  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  physician.  Among 
his  successors  have  been  Dr  Thomas  W.  Bridgham,  Dr  Lord,  and  Dr  R.  S. 
Loring,  who  resides  near  the  Center. 

H.  F.  Webb  ^  Co.  —  This  firm  puts  up  canned  goods.  The  business 
originated  with  Willard  Lothrop  in  1885.  He  canvassed  the  town  for  farmers 
who  would  agree  to  plant  sweet  corn  for  a  canning  factory,  and,  securing  a 
sufficient  number,  Joseph  Berry  began  the  business  the  same  year.  In  1886 
H.  F.  Webb  &  Co.  came  and  have  conducted  a  profitable  enterprise  to  them- 
selves and  the  people.  They  pay  three  cents  for  26  ounces  of  corn  and  put 
up  175,000  cans  of  corn  yearly,  besides  other  vegetables. 

Leeds  Dairying  Association.  —  This  originated  with  the  canvass  by  Mr 
Lothrop  for  the  introduction  of  a  canning  factory.  He  found  that  quite  a 
number  were  ready  to  support  a  cheese  factory,  and  a  stock  company  with 
11,500  capital  was  organized  the  same  year  (1885)  with  Willard  Lothrop, 
D.  F.  Lothrop,  J.  F.  Jennings,  C.  H.  Lovejoy,  John  Woodman,  directors,  and 
G.  W.  Lane,  treasurer.  They  built  a  factory  at  Leeds  Center,  employed  a 
cheese  maker,  and  went  into  operation  in  June.  It  has  succeeded  even  beyond 
the  expectation  of  its  originators,  and  has  declared  annual  dividends  of  from 
five  to  twelve  per  cent.  Most  of  the  product  is  sold  in  Lewiston.  The 
directors  in  1891  are  D.  F.  Lothrop,  B.  Turner,  T.  H.  Boothby ;  C.  H.  Lane  is 
clerk;  G.  W.  Lane,  treasurer. 

The  town  was  early  noted  for  its  attention  to  agricultural  improvement. 
Rev.  Paul  Coffin  hi  1796  was  a  guest  of  William  Gilbert,  and  speaks  of  his 
crops  thus:  "This  man  raises  annually  about  five  hundred  bushels  of  bread 
stuff  and  fourteen  hundred  weight  of  flax,  etc.  His  hay  and  bread  stuff  will 
this  year  exceed  two  tons  of  hay,  and  more,  by  the  acre  on  upland."  It  is 
said  to  have  been  the  first  of  the  Androscoggin  valley  towns  to  hold  a  town 
fair  or  "show,"  and  the  disphxy  was  "magnificent,"  all  the  people  exerting 
themselves  to  make  each  annual  exhibition  a  success.  These  fairs  were 
discontinued  many  years  since,  but  since  1885,  and  with  the  creation  of  the 
Grange,  renewed  attention  is  given  to  them.  Leeds  has  been  almost  exclusively 
an  agricultural  town,  and  from  the  rugged  culture  of  its  fields  have  been 
brought  up  strong,  capable  men,  who,  succeeding  to  the  worth  of  a  brave  and 


570  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


gallant  ancestry,  have,  at  home  and  elsewhere,  done  honor  to  their  parent 
town,  and  reflected  credit  on  the  family  names.  Many  have  served  with 
distinction  in  the  military  service  of  the  country,  many  have  adorned  the 
walks  of  professional  life,  while  those  who  have  remained  on  the  old  homesteads 
possess  the  same  qualities  and  carry  into  all  departments  of  life  the  same 
ability,  integrity,  and  marked  sense  of  honor,  possessed  by  their  pioneer 
ancestry  and  the  Massachusetts  families  from  whom  they  descend. 

The  Lane  Family  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  town.  Daniel  La7ie,  the  pioneer, 
was  originally  from  Gloucester,  Essex  county,  Mass.  This  county  has  ever 
been  noted  for  the  intelligence  of  its  inhabitants,  the  first  settlers  having  been 
mostly  descendants  of  noble  English  families.  In  1782,  Daniel  Lane,  with 
wife,  Mary,  and  family,  came  from  New  Gloucester.  He  had  served  in  the 
Revolution,  been  taken  by  the  British,  and  kept  two  years  in  Dartmoor  prison. 
His  children  were:  Daniel^  who  married,  first,  Eunice  Verrill,  and  had  Joshua, 
Daniel,  Eunice,  Nancy,  Lois,  and  Mary;  second,  Ruth  Pratt,  and  had  Eliphalet 
G.,  Olive,  Lorinda;  James,  married  Abigail  Leadbetter;  children,  Phebe, 
Joanna,  John,  Abigail,  Asenath,  Eliza,  Hannah,  Alden,  Columbus,  James ; 
Griddiw/s,  married  Jemima  Norris ;  children,  Polly,  Alpheus,  Lydia,  Jemima, 
Dorcas,  Fanny,  Giddings,  Samuel,  Susannah,  Esther,  Calvin,  and  Nancy ;  Ellas, 
married  Mary  Lawrence,  and  located  in  1790  on  the  lot  where  his  grandson, 
D.  F.  Lothrop,  resides;  children,  Elizabeth,  David,  Warren,  Alvin ;  Peter, 
married,  first,  Lois  Verrill;  children,  Eliphalet,  Issachar,  David,  Jesse,  Judith, 
Lois;  second,  Grace  Turner;  children,  Semyntha,  Peter,  Joanna,  Eunice, 
Benjamin  F.,  Charles,  Harriet;  Saminel,  married,  first,  Judith  Verrill;  second, 
Sarah  Nye;  children,  Henry  K.,  Samuel,  Harriet;  Mary,  married  Stephen 
Rowe,  of  Danville;  Judith,  married  Captain  Daniel  Jones;  they  had  nine 
children;  Lydia  married  Nathaniel  Norcross,  of  Hallo  well.  The  sons  of 
DanieP  settled  west  of  Androscoggin  pond,  except  one  who  settled  near  the 
center  of  the  town. 

Peter  Lane  was  born  at  Leeds,  September  7,  1816.  He  was  son  of  Peter 
of  New  Gloucester,  and  Grace  (Turner)  Lane  (a  daughter  of  William  and 
Joanna  Turner,  who  came  from  Bridge  water,  Mass.,  to  Littleborough  in  1787). 
Peter  Lane  married,  first,  Lucretia  P.,  daughter  of  Hon.  Stillman  Howard,  of 
Leeds;  second,  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  James  Palmer,  of  Cornville.  Mr  Lane 
was  in  business  in  Portland  for  33  years.  Since  1872  he  has  conducted  his 
farm  of  200  acres  on  Chapel  hill.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  butter-making. 
In  his  herd  of  50  choice  cattle  in  1890,  40  were  fine  Jersey  and  grade  cows. 
Mr  Lane  is  a  Republican;  in  religious  preferences  a  Universalist. 

The  Jennings  Family  were  early  residents  of  Sandwich,  Mass.,  and  probably 
descend  from  Sir  William  Jennings,  of  England.  John  and  Ruhama  Jennings 
had  one  son,  Samuel,  who  was  town  clerk  25  years.  His  sons  were  Samuel 
and  John.     John  removed  to  Wayne  in  1780  with  a  large  family.     His  sons, 


Town  op  Leeds.  571 


Samuel  and  John,  came  to  Leeds  about  1784,  cleared  farms,  and  made  homes, 
near  the  Androscoggin.  Samuel  married  Olive  Tupper.  His  sons  were  Samuel 
and  Perez  S.,  who  was  born  in  Leeds.  Perez  S.  married  Joanna,  daughter  of 
James  Lane.  Their  children  were  Orville,  who  became  U.  S.  district  attorney 
in  Arkansas;  Cress/us  F.,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Farmington ;  lioscoe  G.,  a 
physician,  professor  of  clinical  surgery  and  dermatology  in  and  secretary  of 
Arkansas  Lidustrial  University;  RolUnF.;  Q-iiHfavus  J..,  occupied  the  old 
homestead;  Eliza  A.^  married  Isaiah  B.  Additon.  John,  brother  of  Samuel, 
married  Sarah  Morton.  Children:  Alexander ;  John  ;  Sardli ;  Bctse// ;  Franldin 
N.;  Pliehe  W.;  Robert;  Deborah  C. ;  Esther  M.;  Columlnis,  an  excellent 
farmer  on  Riverside  farm ;  and  Stur(/es  N. 

The  Lotltrop  Family^  of  Leeds,  descends  from  Mark  Lothrop,'  who  came  to 
Salem,  Mass.,  about  1643,  and  in  105G  was  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Bridge- 
water  ;  in  1657  took  the  "  Oath  of  Fidelitie,"  in  1658  was  elected  constable, 
and  for  25  years  held  a  high  place  in  affairs,  dying  in  1685.  His  sons  were 
Samuel  and  Mark.  SamueP  lived  in  Bridgewater.  His  son,  Daniel,^  born  in 
West  Bridgewater,  May  2,  1721,  married  Rhoda  Willis,  and  was  a  major  in 
Col  Crafts's  regiment  at  Dorchester  Heights,  when  Washington  took  command 
of  the  army.  Major  Lothrop  was  also  one  of  the  original  members  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Bridgewater.  In  1790  he  rode  on  horseback  from 
Bridgewater  to  Littleborough  to  visit  his  son,  Daniel,  Jr,^  and  was  well 
pleased  with  the  locality  and  remained  until  his  death  in  1818.  Col  Daniel 
LothrojJ,  Jr^  was  born  in  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  in  1745,  and  in  1785  came  to 
Leeds  with  a  large  family.  He  had  been  an  officer  in  the  Revolution,  was  an 
able  man,  and  one  of  the  first  selectmen.  He  married,  first,  Hannah  Howard; 
second,  Lydia  Willis;  third,  Mary  Turner,  in  1785.  His  children  were  George, 
Daniel,  Thomas,  Hannah,  Samuel,  Sullivan,  Lydia,  Polly,  Rhoda,  and  Alson. 
He  died  in  1837.  His  many  descendants  have  proved  themselves  worthy  of 
their  name  and  their  ancestry.  George,*^  born  in  Bridgewater,  1765,  married 
Polly  Thayer.  He  eventually  located  in  Leeds,  where  he  died  in  1839.  His 
children  attaining  maturity  were :  Solomon ;  Leavitt ;  Hannah,  married  George 
Gould;  Jeremiah;  Polly,  married  Reuel  Foss,  who  moved  to  Auburn  about 
1866,  where  they  died. 

Solomon  Lothrop^  son  of  George  and  Polly  (Thayer)  Lothrop,  was  born  in 
Bridgewater,  February  26,  1788,  and  coming  to  Leeds,  he  married,  July  15, 
1810,  Sarah  W.,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Sally  (Whiting)  Lothrop.  He  was 
the  first  postmaster  of  the  Center,  and  for  many  years  was  active  as  a  business 
man.  Lothrop's  Corner  through  his  energy  became  a  prominent  center.  He 
acquired  wealth,  became  owner  of  a  large  acreage,  filled  numerous  offices,  and 
was  active  in  social  and  religious  circles.  His  home  was  where  Willard 
Lothrop  lives,  and  was  purchased  from  Dr  Abiel  Daily.  Among  his  children 
were:    Soloynon   X.,  born    June   10,    1817,   married    April    20,    1840,    Hannah 


572  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Turner,  who  survives  him.  Betsey,  born  December  13,  1813,  married  Lewis 
Turner,  and  has  tliree  children:  Ermina  J.  (Mrs  E.  D.  Hamilton),  Emma  C. 
(Mrs  James  Norris),  Frances  A.  (Mrs  Turner  now  lives  in  Middleboro,  Mass.) 
WiUard,  the  youngest  son,  was  born  June  18,  1828,  and  married,  January  10, 
1860,  Emma,  daughter  of  Rev.  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Leadbetter)  Boothby. 
Children:  Susie  E.  (Mrs  G.  W.  Lane),  Frank  B.,  Sarah  C.  Mr  Lothrop  has 
contributed  much  to  the  advancement  of  the  town  by  securing  the  establish- 
ment of  various  industries.  He  is  especially  interested  in  the  Universalist 
church  and  is  superintendent  of  its  Sabbath  school. 

Captain  Seth  Howard  came  from  West  Bridgewater  in  1801,  and  purchased 
of  Roger  Stinchfield  the  farm  opposite  the  Otis  place  on  the  northeast.  He 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  and  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  person  in 
that  town  to  have  received  apostolic  baptism.  The  Howards  of  Leeds  descend 
from  John  Howard,  who  came  from  England  prior  to  1643  and  settled  in 
Duxbury,  and,  in  1651,  became  one  of  the  proprietors  and  original  settlers  of 
West  Bridgewater.  Captain  Howard  was  a  man  of  dignity,  a  good  presiding 
officer,  and  was  frequently  moderator.  His  wife  was  Desire  Bailey  of  West 
Bridgewater.  They  had  seven  sons  and  two  daughters:  jStUlman,  the  oldest 
son,  married  Lydia  Lothrop  and  settled  in  Leeds,  and  was  a  successful  farmer, 
an  important  man  of  affairs,  a  captain  in  1814,  was  representative  when  Maine 
was  made  a  state,  and  later ;  justice  of  the  peace  and  quorum  ;  county  commis- 
sioner of  Kennebec  county,  and  one  of  Governor  John  W.  Dana's  council  in 
1849.  He  died  in  1861,  aged  76.  He  had  two  sons,  Stillman  L.  and  Seth. 
Everett  died  in  Georgia.  Ward  was  collector  of  customs  in  New  York  City  for 
four  years  under  Van  Buren's  administration.  SetJi  died  in  Mississippi.  Rotv- 
land  B.  settled  on  the  homestead.  Valentine  R.  was  a  physician  in  Alabama 
and  died  there.  Benjamin  F.  settled  in  Leeds  (he  died  in  1882).  His  daughter 
married  A.  J.  Foss.  Aurelia  married  first,  Dr  Thomas  M.  Bridgham ;  second, 
Samuel  Leadbetter.     Lueretia  married  Jabez  Leadbetter. 

Stillman  Lotlirop  Howard,  eldest  son  of  Hon.  Stillman  and  Lydia  (Lothrop) 
Howard,  was  born  March  3,  1810,  in  Leeds,  and  died  in  Wayne,  November  9, 
1890.  He  was  a  teacher  many  years  and  taught  navigation.  For  over  40 
years  he  held  prominent  town  offices,  and  was  the  first  justice  commissioned  in 
Androscoggin  count}^  and  held  a  conmiission  42  years.  He  was  selectman, 
treasurer,  etc.,  and  for  30  years  was  a  trustee  of  Monmouth  Academy.  The 
historical  sketch  of  Leeds  in  the  "Atlas"  was  written  by  him.  He  married, 
in  1833,  Julia  A.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Deborah  (Gilbert)  Turner.  Children  : 
Ward  B.,  Howland,  Daniel  H.,  Lucius,  Florence,  Julia,  Henrietta  (Mrs  John 
Clark  Stinchfield).  Mr  Howard  did  much  probate  business,  was  a  valuable 
counselor,  and  his  efforts  brought  about  many  public  improvements.  He 
moved  to  Wayne  in  1875. 

Seth  Howard,  son  of  Hon.  Stillman  and  Lydia  (Lothrop)  Howard,  was  born 
in  Leeds.      He   married  Amanda  Additon  and  has  seven   children,  Elsie  A. 


Town  of  Leeds.  573 


(Mrs  H.  W.  Lincoln),  Fletcher  and  Florilla  (Mrs  James  C.  Pike) — twins,  Lydia 
A.  (Mrs  Charles  S.  Pike),  Seth  A.,  Dora  L.,  and  Lucretia  L.  He  has  been 
often  in  positions  of  public  trust  —  member  of  school  committee,  selectman, 
treasurer,  representative,  and  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is  a  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church,  an  active  member  of  the  Grange,  and  a  strong  Republican. 
He  is  one  of  the  best  types  of  the  intelligent  and  well-read  farmers  of  Maine, 
liberal  of  his  time  and  means  in  religions  and  educational  causes. 

Major- trcneral  Oliver  Otis  Hoivard.,  A.M.^  LL.I).,  born  in  Leeds,  November 
8,  1830,  was  graduated  from  West  Point  in  1854  as  lieutenant  of  ordnance, 
and  in  18G1  was  made  colonel  of  the  Third  Maine.  He  was  promoted  to  brig- 
adier for  distinguished  services ;  was  twice  wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  losing  his 
right  arm ;  commanded  his  division  at  Antietam ;  was  made  major-general  in 
1862;  commanded  the  Eleventh  Corps  at  Chancellorsville  and  in  the  Peninsula 
campaign ;  received  a  letter  of  thanks  from  the  President  for  skill  and  bravery 
at  Gettysburg ;  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  where  he  won 
distinction ;  commanded  one  of  the  three  grand  divisions  of  Sherman's  army 
in  its  march  to  the  sea,  and,  March  13,  1865,  became  brigadier  and  brevet 
major-general  U.  S.  A.  In  May  he  was  made  Chief  of  the  Freedman's  Bureau, 
which  he  resigned  in  1872  to  become  commissioner  to  the  Apaches.  From 
1874  to  1881  he  commanded  the  Department  of  the  Columbia,  in  1877  con- 
ducted the  war  against  the  Nez  Percys,  in  1878  the  Piute  and  Bannock  wars, 
in  1881  and  1882  was  in  command  of  the  Department  of  West  Point,  then  was 
transferred  to  the  Department  of  the  Platte.  He  has  been  now  for  several 
years  in  command  of  the  Division  of  the  Atlantic.  In  civil  life  General 
Howard  is  noted  for  high  Christian  character  and  as  an  author  of  ability. 

General  Charles  H.  Hoivard,  born  in  August,  1838,  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
Third  Maine,  later  aide-de-camp  to  General  O.  O.  Howard,  rose  by  promotion 
to  brevet  brigadier-general.  After  the  war  he  was  made  assistant  commissioner 
of  the  Freedman's  Bureau,  He  has  been  editor  of  the  Chicago  Advayice,  and  is 
now  editor  of  the  Farm,  Field  arul  Stockman,  of  Chicago. 

Rev.  Rowland  B.  Howard,  formerly  a  pastor  at  Farmington,  is  secretary  of 
the  American  Peace  Society,  Boston. 

jStepheu  R.  Deane,  born  in  Leeds,  September  4,  1816,  descends  from  John 
Deane,  born  in  Chard,  England,  who  emigrated  to  Taunton,  Mass.,  in  1637, 
and  is  son  of  Zebulon  and  Esther  (Millett)  Deane.  Mr  Deane  married,  first, 
Elvira  Pratt.  Children:  Rose  E.,  Henrie  IL,  Abbie  E.  Mr  Deane  married, 
second,  Victoria  H.  Turner,  April  8,  1859.  Children :  S.  Homer,  Stillman  H., 
Phillips  H.,  Percy  H.  Cyrus  Deane,  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  settled  in  Greene 
early,  and  his  brother  Zebulon,  born  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  June  12,  1773,  came 
about  1793,  and  finally  settled  on  a  farm  in  West  Leeds,  where  he  passed  his 
life.  This  farm  is  owned  and  occupied  by  his  descendants.  The  farm  adjoining 
it  on  the  south  is  owned  by  Truman  Deane ;  the  next  farm  south,  containing 


574  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


100  acres,  is  the  property  of  Stephen  R.  Deane,  who,  with  two  of  his  sons, 
conduct  it.  They  keep  cows,  young  cattle,  usually  oxen,  horses,  sheep,  etc. 
An  important  part  of  their  business  is  the  making  of  cheese.  Mr  Deane  was 
educated  in  Maine,  and  Boston,  Mass.,  and  was  a  school  teacher  in  many  towns 
in  Maine;  in  1844  and  1845  he  taught  a  commercial  school  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass.;  was  clerk  and  paymaster  of  the  Merrimack  Lumber  Co.,  of  Lowell, 
Mass.,  for  12  years;  was  in  trade  in  Leeds  several  years  ;  postmaster  of  West 
Leeds  15  years;  was  on  the  school  committee  13  years;  when  18  years  of  age 
he  joined  the  Leeds  Rifle  Co.  Mr  Deane  favors  the  Republican  party 
politically,  and  religiously  believes  that  "upon  that  one  word,  Love,  hang  all 
the  Law  and  all  the  Commandments." 

Thomas  C.  Foss,  a  merchant  at  North  Leeds,  was  born  in  Leeds,  March  18, 
1829.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Walter  Foss,  who  for  50  years  was  a  well- 
known  Baptist  preacher.  His  grandfather  was  Uriah  Foss,  one  of  the  earl}^ 
settlers  in  Leeds,  prominent  in  town  affairs,  and  selectman  for  several  years- 
Mr  Foss's  mother  was  Dorcas,  daughter  of  John  Morrison,  of  Wayne.  She 
was  the  honored  and  loved  mother  of  seven  sons  and  eight  daughters.  Both 
parents  lived  the  allotted  "threescore  and  ten  years,"  ending  lives  of  marked 
usefulness.  Mr  Foss  married,  first,  Elizabeth  L.,  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Cobb, 
of  Leeds;  second,  Abbie  J.,  daughter  of  George  T.  Cox,  of  Farmingdale.  By 
tlie  first  wife  six  children  were  born  :  V.  Richard,  of  Portland,  has  served  two 
years  in  the  city  council  of  that  city,  the  last  year  being  president  of  the  lower 
board,  and  is  now  holding  other  important  official  positions;  Belle  P.  and 
Grace  J).,  of  Portland;  Kate  M.:  Thomas  C'.,  Jr,  of  Leeds;  and  Preston  W. 
(dec).  Mr  Foss  has  always  lived  in  Leeds,  and  has  been  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  for  over  forty  years,  being  particularly  connected  with  the  wool  trade 
in  his  section.  He  has  held  the  position  of  postmaster  at  North  Leeds.  He 
has  always  been  a  Republican. 

Wallace  L.  Francis,  born  at  Leeds,  May  12,  1850,  is  the  son  of  Davis  and 
Rosamond  Francis,  of  Leeds.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Rev.  Thomas  Davis 
Francis,  who  was  born  in  Hay,  Breconshire  county,  South  Wales,  November 
23,  1764,  and  came  to  America  in  1778.  He  came  to  Leeds  with  the  Stinch- 
fields  to  give  instruction  to  their  children,  and  was  the  first  teacher  in  the 
town,  and  was  so  pleased  that  he  remained  here,  married  Eunice,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Millett,  and  permanently  located  in  1784.  He  became  a  noted 
theologian  and  local  statesman  and  exerted  a  salutary  and  powerful  effect  in 
moulding  the  institutions  and  giving  character  to  the  town.  He  was  the  first 
representative  (in  1804)  to  the  General  Court  and  was  for  a  time  in  the  State 
Senate  and  stood  the  peer  of  the  ablest  in  that  body,  and  his  memory  is 
revered  in  the  town.  In  1804  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  which  relation  he  sustained  until  his  death.  May  9,  1836.  Wallace  L. 
Francis  married,  in  1879,  Miss  Georgia  A.  Francis,  of  Concord,  N.  H.     They 


Town  of  Leeds.  575 


have  two  daughters,  Gard  R.  and  Ghidys  H.  He  is  a  merchant  and  postmaster 
at  Leeds.     He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  a  Free  Mason  and  an  Odd  Fellow. 

Albert  Barker,  son  of  David  and  Priscilla  Barker,  was  a  native  of  Lewiston. 
His  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  that  town,  his  great-grand- 
father having  located  at  Barker's  Mills,  now  Barkerville.  Mr  Barker  served 
in  the  army  from  September  10,  1862,  to  March  2,  1863,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.,  and  has  attained  the  rank  of  adjutant  in  the  order.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  G.  T.,  and  has  been  Chief  Templar  in  Stony  Brook  Lodge, 
of  North  Leeds.  He  is  an  enterprising  farmer  and  builder,  a  Republican  in 
politics,  a  Universalist  in  religion,  and  performs  his  duties  of  justice  of  the 
peace,  faithfully  and  promptly. 

Charles  A.  Lovejoi/,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Ruth  (Benjamin)  Lovejoy,  of 
Livermore,  was  born  in  that  town.  He  married  Clara  E.  Greenwood,  of  Leeds. 
They  have  had  two  children,  Arthur  N.  J.,  who  is  now  employed  in  the  E.  C. 
Allen  publishing  house  at  Augusta,  and  Minnie  A.,  who  died  in  1879.  He 
moved  to  Leeds,  and  in  June,  1879,  commenced  farming  on  the  farm  where  he 
now  carries  on  a  prosperous  business,  making  a  specialty  of  raising  fine  cattle, 
mostly  Durham.  Li  religious  preferences  he  is  a  Universalist,  in  politics  a 
Democrat,  and  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen  of  Leeds  from  1884 
to  1889. 

Hev.  Samuel  BootklH/  was  born  in  Leeds,  April  17,  1808,  and  died  July  9, 
1884,  in  Lewiston.  Li  1830  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Wayne,  and  in  1840  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Turner  Bridge,  and  after  four  years  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Wayne  for 
five  years.  He  labored  for  a  3^ear  in  Aroostook  county  in  the  employ  of  the 
Maine  Baptist  Missionary  Convention.  He  then  entered  the  service  of  the 
American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  and  gave  earnest  labors  in  that  field  till 
1883.  In  his  last  years  he  was  engaged  as  a  missionar}^  in  Lewiston.  He  was 
an  energetic  and  a  thoroughly  Christian  worker,  whose  labors  met  substantial 
results.  He  married,  in  1831,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Betsey  Lead- 
better.  Their  sons  were  Stephen  and  Roswell  C.  Lieut- Colonel  Stejyhen  Bootlihy 
was  born  in  Leeds  in  1833,  was  graduated  from  Waterville  College,  and  studied 
law  at  Bangor,  where  he  was  admitted  to  practice.  He  opened  a  law  office  in 
Portland  with  Hon.  Mark  H.  Dunnell.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  First  Me 
Cav.,  was  ultimately  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel,  and  died  June  6,  1864,  at 
Point  Lookout,  from  wounds  received  at  Beaver  Dam  Station. 


576  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 

HON.   LEAVITT    LOTHKOP. 

HON.  LEAVITT  LOTHROP,^  son  of  George  and  Polly  (Thayer) 
Lothrop,'  was  born  in  Vassalborough,  May  10,  1793.  In  1816  he 
married  Betsey,  daughter  of  Elias  and  Mary  (Lawrence)  Lane.  He 
settled  in  Leeds,  and  in  1826  moved  to  the  farm  now  occupied  by  D.  F. 
Lothrop,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  April  17,  1849.  Mrs  Lothrop 
died  January  12,  1878,  in  Auburn.  Mr  Lothrop  was  an  energetic  man  of 
business,  and  in  all  the  various  activities  of  the  community  worked  diligently 
and  well.  He  was  nominally  a  farmer,  and  carried  on  agriculture  extensively 
and  profitably,  owning  at  the  time  of  his  death  800  acres  of  land  in  Leeds, 
200  acres  in  Canton,  100  acres  in  Greene,  and  50  acres  in  Hallowell.  He 
took  keen  interest  in  all  enterprises  that  promised  to  do  well  for  the 
people,  and  his  personal  services  were  freely  given  to  their  development  and 
improvement.  He  was  active  in  procuring  subscriptions  to  the  stock  of  the 
Androscoggin  &  Kennebec  Railroad,  and  subscribed  to  the  extent  of  his 
means.  He  assisted  in  procuring  the  charter  of  the  Leeds  &  Farmington  Rail- 
road, subscribing  $1,000  to  its  stock.  He  lived  to  see  the  Androscoggin  & 
Kennebec  road  built,  cars  running  to  Auburn,  and  the  road  partly  graded 
to  Waterville.  In  civil  and  political  life  his  good  common  sense,  sound  judg- 
ment, and  honesty  of  purpose  rendered  his  presence  in  public  positions  most 
valuable  to  his  constituents  and  the  community,  but  although  often  called  to 
office  he  did  not  seek  it  or  need  its  emoluments.  He  was  often  chosen  select- 
man, agent,  and  to  other  responsible  offices  in  town,  represented  Leeds  in  the 
legislature,  and  was  state  senator  in  18-16  and  1847.  He  was  appointed  county 
commissioner  of  Kennebec  county  in  1841,  and  held  that  position  three  years. 
He  was  prominent  in  the  state  militia,  serving  in  its  successive  grades  to  that 
of  colonel,  by  which  title  he  was  generally  known.  In  this  service  he  was 
engaged  for  a  short  time  on  the  lower  Kennebec  in  the  military  operations  of 
the  War  of  1812.  In  these  and  numerous  other  places  of  responsibility,  such 
was  his  wise  sagacity,  pleasing  urbanity,  and  thoughtful  consideration  that  his 
associates  in  councils  and  labors  became  lasting  friends.  A  working  man 
through  life,  he  was  a  liberal  and  true  friend  of  the  laboring  man,  who  always 
received  honest  consideration  at  his  hands.  Generous  and  social,  his  house 
was  an  abode  of  hospitality  and  friendship,  while  his  life  was  dominated  by 
integrity  and  uprightness.  He  was  a  Baptist  in  religion,  and  liberal  in  sus- 
taining Christian  institutions.    In  the  home  circle  he  was  kind  and  affectionate. 

iSee  page  571. 


•<S  ^^yiJ~-ty^f  ~=^  /^/^f-?, 


^^fuL^ 


Town  of  Leeds.  577 


The  children  of  Hon.  Leavitt  and  Elizabeth  (Lane)  Lothrop  were :  Ulias, 
married  Jane  Morse  of  Lisbon,  went  to  California  in  1849,  and  died  in  1853; 
Davis  Francis,  who  was  born  in  Leeds,  September  11,  1820,  and  educated  at 
the  town  schools  and  Monmouth  Academy.  He  inherited  many  of  the  char- 
acteristics of  his  father,  has  held  with  ability,  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  his 
constituents,  the  offices  of  selectman  and  representative,  and  from  1870  to  1876 
was  county  commissioner.  His  first  political  faith  was  that  of  the  Whigs,  with 
whom  he  affiliated  until  that  part}^  ceased  to  exist.  He  has  since  been  a 
Republican.  In  1849  he  sailed  to  California  from  Boston  in  the  ship  Capitol, 
arriving  at  San  Francisco  July  6,  so  he  is  one  of  that  historic  band  (day  by  day 
growing  smaller,  but  more  and  more  venerated),  "  The  Old  Forty-niners." 
The  story  of  his  life  in  California  sounds  like  a  romance.  He  was  there  nearly 
three  years,  and  was  financially  successful.  Since  his  return  he  has  occupied 
the  old  homestead  and  been  an  agriculturist.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church,  a  liberal  supporter  of  all  enterprises  tending  to  the  betterment  of  the 
community,  and  a  highly  respected  citizen.  He  married,  in  1846,  Caroline  S., 
daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Jane  (Libby)  Morse,  of  Lisbon.  Their  children 
are  Flora  (Mrs  Frank  Higgins);  Elias  and  Irving  S.,  who  reside  in  Louisiana, 
where  they  own  adjoining  plantations  on  the  Mississippi,  24  miles  below  New 
Orleans.  Elias  married  Lucile  Piazia,  daughter  of  the  Swiss  consul  at  New 
Orleans  at  the  time  of  the  Civil  War;  Olive  M.  married  John  Turner,  M.D., 
lives  in  Bangor  ;  and  Ralph  ;  Caroline  L.  married  Augustus  Foss.  She  resides 
in  California  and  has  seven  children,  five  living  in  California  (one  of  whom, 
Warren  L.,  graduated  from  Bowdoin  in  1891),  and  two  in  Manchester,  N.  H.; 
Col  Warren  L.  Lotliro'p  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  army  in  1845  and  was  stationed  at 
West  Point.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican  War  his  company  was 
ordered  to  Mexico  and  joined  General  Scott  at  Vera  Cruz.  Col  Lothrop  was 
in  every  battle  fought  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  capture  of  the  City  of  Mexico,  at 
the  close  of  the  war  received  a  lieutenant's  commission  in  the  Fourth  Artillery 
for  "  meritorious  conduct,"  and  was  stationed  at  Forts  Kearney  and  Randall 
on  the  western  frontier.  In  April,  1861,  he  was  at  St  Louis  and  was  commis- 
sioned major  of  the  First  Missouri  Light  Artillery  under  Col  Frank  Blair,  who 
was  chosen  to  Congress,  and  Major  Lothrop  promoted  to  colonel.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  was  made  chief  quartermaster  of  the  Department  of  the  Gulf 
with  headquarters  at  Tallahassee,  Fla,  where  he  died  in  1866 ;  Mary  Jane 
married  Charles  Lane  who  died  in  1858.  She  resides  at  Pendleton,  Oregon, 
where  her  daughter  Neva  is  a  teacher. 

GIDDINGS   LANE. 

Giddinrjs  La^ie,  grandson  of  Daniel  Lane,  the  pioneer,  and  son  of  Deacon 
Giddings  and  Jemima  (Norris)  Lane,'  was  born  in  Leeds,  August  16, 1802,  and 


1  See  page  570, 


578  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


died  November  15,  1879.  His  early  life  was  passed  in  acquiring  a  common 
school  and  academic  education,  assisting  in  farm  labors  summers,  and  teaching 
on  the  sea-coast  winters.  He  soon  developed  rare  business  qualities,  and  in 
1833  made  a  profitable  tour  through  the  South,  introducing  the  agricultural 
novelty,  Pitt's  horse-power  and  separator.  Energetic,  persevering,  and  possessed 
of  a  magnetism  that  attracted  people  and  won  friends,  his  business  life  was  a 
uniform  success.  Marrying,  January  1, 1834,  Cassandra,  daughter  of  Dr  Cyrus 
and  Lydia  (Wood)  Benson,  of  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  an  estimable  lady  and  a 
descendant  of  two  notable  families  of  Plymouth  county,  he  made  his  home  in 
his  native  town  and  was  ever  after  one  of  the  most  prominent  factors  of 
the  business,  social,  and  religious  life  of  the  town.  (Their  children  attaining 
maturity  were  Cyrus  B.  and  Gustavus  W.  Cyrua  B.  was  for  many  years  a 
merchant  of  North  Monmouth,  and  is  now  a  farmer  on  the  homestead  farm,  and 
selectman.  He  married  Lydia  A.,  daughter  of  Solomon  L.  and  Hannah 
(Turner)  Lothrop.  They  have  one  daughter,  Cassie  B.  (Mrs  C.  C.  Farmer). 
Gustavus  W.  is  a  manufacturer  and  merchant.  He  married,  first,  Helen  M. 
Snow;  second,  Susan  E.,  daughter  of  Willard  and  Emeline  L.  (Boothby) 
Lothrop.  Mr  Lane's  politics  are  of  the  Jeffersonian  type  ;  in  religion  he  is  a 
Universalist.  He  has  served  the  town  as  clerk,  treasurer,  and  school  super- 
visor, is  treasurer  of  Leeds  Dairying  Association,  and  a  member  of  Monmouth 
Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  is  one  of  Leeds's  most  enterprising  citizens.) 

From  1843  to  1850  Mr  Lane  was  town  treasurer,  and  captain  of  militia  and 
with  his  company  served  in  the  Aroostook  War.  He  was  one  of  the  originators 
and  prime  movers  in  organizing  the  Androscoggin  Railroad  Company  in  1850, 
and  as  director  of  the  road  for  thirteen  years  infused  his  energy  into  its 
construction  and  operations.  He  was  elected  representative  in  1854  and  was 
active  in  bringing  about  the  organization  of  Androscoggin  county,  hi  1862 
he  organized  a  gold-mining  company  with  Maine  and  Massachusetts  capital, 
and  in  1863  crossed  the  western  plains  with  a  train  of  ox  and  mule  teams 
loaded  with  quartz-crushing  and  other  machiner3^  He  located  his  plant  fifty 
miles  west  of  Denver,  and  for  five  years  gave  his  personal  superintendence  to 
the  operations  of  the  company,  bringing  success.  In  1869  he  built  a  portion 
of  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  railroad.  He  was  a  man  of  rapid  thought,  quick 
decision,  unbounded  enterprise,  and  had  a  rare  quality  of  bringing  his  labors 
to  successful  completion.  In  everything  tending  to  the  growth  and  prosperity 
of  his  section,  and  the  improvement  and  uplifting  of  the  people  among  whom 
his  lot  was  cast,  his  time,  labor,  and  money  were  freely  given.  The  culmination 
of  his  business  life  was  the  erection  of  the  beautiful  house  of  worship  of  the 
Universalists  at  Leeds  Center,  which  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  1872, 
the  result  in  a  great  measure  of  his  untiring  energy  and  peristent  efforts,  which 
were  only  stimulated  to  new  exertions  by  opposition.  In  the  varied  relations 
of  business  life,  in  the  church,  in  neighborhood  and  family  circles,  he  was  the 


n 


Town  of  Leeds.  579 


same  genial  nature,  the  center  of  life  and  activity,  the  wise  counselor,  the 
loved  husband  and  parent.  For  half  a  century  he  was  a  leading  spirit  of  his 
native  town,  and  never  did  envy  or  malice  whisper  aught  against  his  integrity, 
while  the  poor  and  unfortunate  ever  found  him  a  kind  friend  and  sympathetic 
adviser.  It  is  said  of  him  that  he  had  not  an  enemy  in  the  world.  His  pastor. 
Rev.  Otis  H.  Johnson,  said:  "Brother  Lane  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
citizens  of  Leeds.  For  many  years  he  was  untiring  in  his  exertions  in  every 
public  enterprise  within  his  reach  which  had  for  its  object  the  welfare  of  his 
fellow-men.  As  a  Christian  he  was  a  firm  and  decided  Universalist,  always 
outspoken  and  faithful  in  his  duties  to  the  cause  he  deemed  of  unparalleled 
excellence  in  the  moral  elevation  of  the  world.  His  pleasant  greetings  and 
hopeful  suggestions  will  long  be  remembered."  Mr  Lane  belonged  to  that 
class  of  New  Englanders  who  are  benefactors  of  the  community  in  which  they 
live,  add  to  the  material  prosperity  of  their  respective  localities,  and  leave 
behind  them  tangible  results  of  their  life's  work. 

ISAAC   BOOTHBY. 

Isaac  BootJihy^  Sen.,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Leeds,  came  from  Saco.  In 
the  olden  days  the  best  progressive  factors  in  the  settlement  of  a  town  were 
the  strong  arms,  willing  hands,  and  brave  hearts  of  the  bold  pioneers.  Mr 
Boothby  soon  accomplished  the  work  of  clearing  the  place  on  which  he  located, 
north  of  Leeds  Center,  near  Boothby  hill,  which  bears  his  name,  and  bringing 
his  farm  into  a  good  state  of  cultivation.  (This  farm  is  now  owned  by  his 
grandson,  Thomas  H.  Boothby.)  He  married  Hannah  Foss.  Their  children 
were  Cyrus,  Isaac,  Walter,  Betsey,  Hannah.  After  some  years  Mr  Boothby 
engaged  in  the  cattle  business,  and  took  many  a  drove  to  Brighton  market. 
He  was  a  vigorous  man  of  strong  physique,  positive,  yet  of  a  jovial  tempera- 
ment. Although  his  advantages  for  education  had  been  limited,  his  mind  was 
very  active,  and  there  was  not  an  example  in  Kenney's  arithmetic  that  he  could 
not  perform  mentally  quicker  than  most  men  could  do  with  pencil  and  paper. 
He  was  successful  in  his  enterprises,  and  died  when  little  more  than  60  years 
of  age,  a  good  type  of  the  energetic  men  of  that  period. 

Isaac  Boothbi/,  Jr,  born  November  20, 1809,  passed  his  life  on  the  homestead 
farm,  which  he  inherited,  and  succeeded  to  his  father's  cattle  business,  which 
he  conducted  for  several  years.  He  was  also  a  prosperous  farmer,  acquired 
wealth,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  December  12,  1887,  he  had  250  acres  in 
his  farm,  and  owned  about  as  many  more  acres  in  the  town,  principally  timber 
land.  Mr  Boothby  married,  first,  Jane  Graves,  of  Wayne ;  they  had  13 
children ;  second,  Mary  Jennings,  by  whom  he  had  three  children.  Mr  Boothby 
was  a  Whig  and  Republican  in  his  politics,  never  an  office  seeker,  but  always 
took  an  intelligent  interest  in  the  public  movements  of  the  town,  and  served 
as  selectman  in  the  years  1838,  1839,  1840,  1817,  1848,  1849,  1853,  1854,  1858. 


580  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

He  was  one  of  the  original  stockholders  in  the  Androscoggin  railroad. 
Universalist  in  his  religious  affiliations,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  society. 
His  health  was  never  robust,  but  his  close  attention  to  business,  industrious 
and  thrifty  habits,  combined  with  honesty  and  integrity,  brought  him  satis- 
factory results.  In  person  he  was  of  medium  height,  dark  complexion,  weighing 
at  the  most  but  135  pounds.  He  was  of  a  positive  temperament,  of  quick 
decisions,  but  careful,  shrewd,  and  conservative,  and  often  said  that  if  he 
followed  his  first  impressions  he  would  always  come  out  right.  Although  he 
enjoyed  society,  he  yet  preferred  his  home,  with  his  favorite  newspapers,  the 
Ne^v  York  Tribune  and  Lewiston  Journal,  which  he  carefully  read  and  digested, 
and  his  original  ideas,  intelligently  expressed,  made  him  an  interesting 
conversationalist.  As  a  business  man  successful,  as  a  citizen  respected,  and  as 
one  who  furthered  the  progress  and  prosperity  of  the  town  by  his  labors,  Mr 
Boothby  stands  among  the  representative  men  of  the  past  generation. 

Thomas  Henry  Boothhi/,  son  of  Isaac  and  Jane  (Graves)  Boothby,  was  born 
April  24,  1845.  He  was  educated  at  district  schools  and  at  Monmouth 
Academy.  He  married,  December  28,  1867,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Tillotson  and 
Mary  (Hart)  Libby,  a  descendant  of  Eben  Libby,  an  early  settler.  Their 
surviving  children  are  Lizzie  L.  and  Horatio  K.  Mrs  Boothby  died  October 
28,  1888.  Mr  Boothby  is  a  farmer  and  resides  on  the  Eben  Libby  farm.  He 
is  a  member  and  treasurer  of  Leeds  Grange,  a  Republican  in  politics,  in 
religion  a  Baptist,  and  a  good  and  respected  citizen. 

Walter  Boothby,  an  older  brother  of  Thomas  H.,  was  sergeant  in  Co.  K, 
Third  Maine,  in  the  Civil  War,  and  was  killed  at  Fredericksburg,  December 
13,  1862. 

FRANCIS    D.    MILLETT. 

The  Milletts  belong  to  the  early  families  in  America.  Thomas,  the 
emigrant,  son  of  Henry,  came  with  his  wife,  Mary  Greenoway,  and  son, 
Thomas,  in  1635,  and  settled  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  In  1655  he  was  a  resident 
of  Gloucester  and  performed  ministerial  service  for  the  first  church.  He 
subsequently  removed  to  Brookfield,  and,  with  his  daughter  and  three  grand- 
children, was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  1676.  Elder  Thomas  Millett  was  an 
Englishman  of  good  family ;  his  great-grandfather,  John  Myllet,  was  a 
gentleman  of  Redwood,  in  Hereford  county,  and  his  grandfather  and  father 
were  lawyers.  Thomas,  Jr,  had  two  sons  attaining  maturity,  Thomas  and 
John.  John  resided  on  the  homestead  in  Gloucester,  married  Eunice  Babson, 
and  died  in  1745.  Their  sons  were  David,  who  settled  in  New  Gloucester, 
Me,  about  1750  (his  father  being  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  town),  John, 
and  Thomas.  David's  sons,  David,  Jr,  John,  Thomas,  and  Solomon,  located 
in  Poland,  Minot,  and  Turner.     Thomas,  son  of  John  and  Eunice   (Babson) 


O/ 


Town  of  Leeds.  581 


Millett,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  was  taken  prisoner  and  detained 
several  years  in  the  West  Indies.  He  came  to  Leeds  in  1782,  and  was  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  in  Little's  Gore,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  He 
cleared  and  lived  on  the  place  now  occupied  by  his  great-grandsons,  Charles 
and  Herbert.  His  children  were  Eunice,  who  married  Rev.  Thomas  D.  Francis, 
Thomas,  Zebulon  P.,  John,  Benjamin,  and  Betsey.  They  all  settled  in  Leeds ; 
Benjamin  remained  on  the  home  farm. 

Zi'hidon  P.  3IiUeff  was  born  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  October  19,  1774.  He 
married  Deliverance  Rich,  a  native  of  Sandwich,  Mass.  He,  with  his  brothers, 
Thomas  and  John,  settled  in  Leeds,  on  a  lot  of  200  acres,  and  became  farmers. 
Zebulon  was  in  the  War  of  1812.  His  wife  died  in  August,  1854,  aged  75 
years.  He  died  October  1,  1856.  He  was  a  Federalist  and  Whig  in  his 
politics,  and  both  he  and  his  wife  were  members  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
and  brought  up  their  children  "  in  the  fear  and  admonition  of  the  Lord." 
Their  children  attaining  maturity  were  Solomon,  who  lived  in  the  north  part 
of  the  town,  later  removed  to  East  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  where  he  died  at  the 
age  of  84;  Parsons;  Thomas;  Lydia;  Obediah ;  Isabel;  Aaron;  Francis  D.; 
Asa,  who  became  a  physician,  located  in  Massachusetts,  and  is  now  residing 
in  East  Bridgewater.  His  son,  Frank  D.  Millet,  named  from  his  uncle,  has 
acquired  more  than  national  fame  as  an  artist;  Polly;  Lydia;  Adelia  (Mrs 
Nathan  Timberlake)  resides  in  Livermore. 

Francis  D.  Millett  was  born  in  Leeds,  October  1,  1811,  and  has  been  a  life- 
long resident  on  the  farm  taken  up  by  his  father  over  a  century  ago.  He  was 
educated  at  the  common  schools,  and  also  in  the  broader  and  higher  schools  of 
labor  and  experience.  He  succeeded  to  the  homestead  and  has  devoted  himself 
to  its  cultivation  and  improvement.  A  few  years  since  he  erected  a  convenient 
and  comfortable  house  nearly  opposite  the  home  of  his  childhood;  this  house 
is  said  to  be  the  best  built  dwelling  in  the  town.  Mr  Millett  married  first, 
December,  1835,  Elethea,  daughter  of  Benjamin  True.  She  died  in  June,  1841. 
He  married  second,  in  1852,  Lucina,  daughter  of  Otis  Phillips,  of  Auburn. 
Their  daughter,  Ella  T.,  married  Lot  Howard,  and  has  one  son,  Francis 
Davis  Millett  Howard.  Mr  Millett  has  always  been  a  farmer,  but  a  farmer's 
life  does  not  necessarily  exclude  time  for  thought  and  reading,  and  now  at  the 
age  of  fourscore  years  he  is  hale,  robust,  and  his  mind  is  clear  and  his  memorj^ 
remarkably  retentive.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Freewill  Baptist  church 
for  27  years,  deacon  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  has  contributed 
liberally  to  various  educational  interests  and  to  the  churches  of  the  town.  He 
is  a  Republican,  and  has  served  as  selectman.  He  has  borne  his  part  in  pro- 
moting morality,  religion,  and  education,  and  to  advance  the  sway  of  law  and 
the  prevalence  of  order.  He  is  unassuming,  genial,  and  kind  in  his  manners, 
and  has  the  esteem  and  respect  of  his  fellow-townsmen. 


582  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


THE   ADDITON   family. 

From  Plymouth,  Duxbury,  and  other  towns  of  the  Old  Colony  of  Massa- 
chusetts the  descendants  of  the  early  Pilgrims  have  gone  in  various  directions, 
carrying  with  them  that  unflinching  adherence  to  duty,  that  regard  for  law  and 
order,  and  that  faithful  attention  to  imposed  trusts  which  were  so  strong 
elements  in  the  Pilgrim  character,  and  where  they  settled  they  and  their 
descendants  have  been  most  useful  citizens  and  formative  influences  in  pro- 
ducing our  best  civilization.  Among  the  early  families  of  Duxbury,  Mass., 
was  that  of  Arddaton  (now  Additon),  which  probably  came  from  England 
prior  to  1640.  All  through  the  residence  in  Duxbury  the  original  spelling  of 
the  name  continued,  as  Thomas  of  the  Revolution  (father  of  the  Thomas  born 
March  2,  1763,  who  became  an  early  settler  of  Leeds)  used  this  orthography. 
Thomas  Additon,  the  pioneer  of  the  Leeds  family,  with  his  wife  Bethiah,  born 
March  17,  1764,  made  their  home  on  Quaker  Ridge  between  1785  and  1790, 
and  on  this  place,  long  since  forsaken,  they  reared  9  children :  Ruby  (named 
from  a  Duxbury  aunt),  born  in  1786;  John,  1788;  Otis,  1790;  Joseph,  1792; 
Thomas,  1794;    Phebe,  1796 ;    David,  1799;    Chloe,  1802;    Huldah,  1804. 

Thomas  Additon,  Jr,  born  June  7,  1794,  married  Anna,  daughter  of  Isaiah 
Reals.  Their  children  were  Isaiah  B.;  Lovisa  (Mrs  Dr  S.  A.  Allen);  Amanda 
(Mrs  Seth  Howard);  Thomas  J.;  Loren  J.;  Everett;  Eliza  A.  (Mrs  J.  F. 
Jennings).  Mr  Additon  was  a  farmer,  a  quiet,  unostentatious  man  of  strict 
probity,  valued  for  his  good  qualities.  He  died  February  4, 1869,  and  his  wife 
April  30,  1871,  on  the  place  now  owned  by  Thomas  J.  Additon. 

Isaiah  Beals  Additon,  son  of  Thomas  and  Anna  (Beals)  Additon,  was  born 
November  10,  1823.  He  was  educated  in  town,  taught  26  terms  of  district 
school,  and  won  a  deserved  reputation.  He  is  a  farmer  on  the  place  settled 
by  his  grandfather  Beals,  purchased  by  his  father  in  1827.  He  owns  125  acres 
of  land,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  cheese-making.  He  married.  May  5,  1852, 
Eliza  A.,  daughter  of  Perez  S.  and  Joanna  (Lane)  Jennings.  Children: 
Flora  L.  (died  February  25,  1862,  aged  9  years)  ;  Juliette  J.  (died  February 
15,  1862,  aged  7  years;  Orville  I.;  Lorette  (died  March  10,  1862,  aged  7 
months) ;  and  Fred  L.  Orville  I.,  born  August  31,  1853,  graduated  at 
Westbrook  Seminary,  in  1880  went  to  Illinois,  and  is  principal  of  the  high 
school  at  Cordova.  He  m.  Lucy  A.  Benner.  Children:  Forrest  O.  and  Hen- 
rietta S.  Fred  L.,  born  January  28,  1864,  m.  Lenora  I.,  daughter  of  Francis 
E.  and  I-Cleanor  (Pettengill)  Howe.  Children:  Orville  I.  and  Ernest  F.  He 
conducts  the  home  farm  with  his  father;    is  a  Democrat  and  a  Universalist. 

Isaiah  B.  Additon  has  always  been  a  Democrat,  of  the  minority  party  in 
politics,  and  yet  he  has  been  selectman  18  years,  and  in  1859,  1860,  1870,  1871, 
1872, 1873,  1874,  1875,  1876,  1877,  1878,  1879,  1880,  1881,  1882,  and  1883  was 
chairman  of  the  board.     He  has  an  extended  acquaintance  in  the  county  and 


Mt-^'" 


^y 


^/^-^y$^^?^z>^ 


Town  of  Leeds.  583 


has  been  the  nominee  of  his  party  for  representative,  in  one  campaign  coming 
close  to  an  election  in  a  strong  Republican  district.  He  has  been  several  times 
candidate  for  county  commissioner,  receiving  flattering  votes.  He  was  U.  S. 
census  agent  for  Greene  and  Leeds  in  1860,  has  often  been  selected  for 
important  trusts,  and  has  performed  delicate  offices  with  acknowledged  ability. 
He  is  firm  and  decided  in  his  opinions,  cautious  and  conservative  in  thought, 
tenacious  in  his  convictions,  and  frank,  sincere,  and  honest  in  declaring  them. 
He  has  always  been  a  Universalist  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  the  cause. 
Genial,  hospitable,  and  kind-hearted,  he  has  many  friends,  among  his  warmest 
ones  those  of  opposing  politics.  Mr  Additon  has  been  a  most  useful  citizen. 
A  firm  and  conscientious  official,  he  has  always  opposed  anything  like  extrava- 
gance in  the  administration  of  town  affairs,  and  by  a  long  and  faithful  service 
has  acquired  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his  townsmen. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Additon^  brother  of  Isaiah  B.,  was  born  August  20,  1832. 
He  has  alwaj^s  been  a  farmer  and  occupies  the  homestead  of  his  father,  con- 
sisting now  of  85  acres  of  well-tilled  land.  He  married  Rozilla  Smart,  born  in 
Parkman.  Their  children  are  Luetta  M.  (Mrs  W.  H.  Thomas),  Chester  J., 
Elwin  E.,  Anna  S.  (Mrs  Truman  M.  Shaw).  Elwin  E.  Additon,  great-great- 
grandson  of  Thomas,  of  Duxbury,  and  great-grandson  of  Thomas,  the  pioneer 
of  Leeds,  was  born  August  24,  1864,  on  the  farm  where  his  grandfather  lived 
and  died.  At  the  age  of  17  he  commenced  teaching  winter  schools,  and  when 
22  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  superintending  school  committee,  and  the 
next  year  supervisor  of  schools,  which  office  he  held  two  years.  He  is  a  Patron 
of  Husbandry,  and,  with  his  father,  cultivates  their  fine  farm,  and  devotes 
special  attention  to  dairying.     He  married  Mary  A.  Thomas. 

The  Additons  have  been  for  several  generations  successful  "tillers  of  the 
soil,"  and  good  representatives  of  New  England's  intelligent  farmers. 


684  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


EAST   LIVERMORE. 

By  Ctkus  Knapp,  Esq. 


CHAPTER  XXXHI. 

Incorporation — Topography  —  Livermore  Falls  —  Early  Mills  —  Freshet — Early  Busi- 
ness Places  and  Residences  —  Advent  of  the  Railroad  —  Hotels  and  Stores — Dr  Millett 
and  Lawyer  Knapp  — Toll  Bridge  —  Railroad  Extension — Mills  and  Manufacturing  — 
Churches  —  I.  0.  G.  T.  —  Camp-Ground  —  Physicians  —  Lawyers  —  Civil  List  —  Personal 
Sketches. 


K 


''  ^  LL  that  part  of  the  town  of  Livermore  in  the  county  of  Oxford  on  the 
east  side  of  tlie  Androscoggin  river  "  was  set  off  March  20,  1843,  and 
incorporated  into  the  town  of  East  Livermore  and  classed  in  the 
county  of  Kennebec.  The  set-off  was  made  on  account  of  the  inconvenience 
of  holding  town  meetings  and  doing  town  business  across  an  unbridged  river 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  As  town  meetings  were  held  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river  at  Livermore  Center,  many  a  time  in  March  the  annual  meeting  could 
not  be  properly  attended  from  the  eastern  side  by  reason  of  floating  ice,  and 
the  inhabitants  of  the  western  portion  would  have  everything  their  own  way. 
The  eastern  part  of  the  town  bitterly  and  for  a  long  time  complained  of  this 
inconvenience,  and  asked  for  a  bridge,  but  as  they  could  never  obtain  a  vote 
for  this,  they  went  to  the  legislature,  and  at  length  succeeded  in  a  division  of 
the  town,  leaving  the  bridge  question  to  future  developments.  By  a  resolve 
of  the  legislature  of  1844,  chapter  284,  the  number  of  polls  set  to  the  valua- 
tion of  East  Livermore  was  135,  and  the  estates  were  valued  at  -$129,454. 

The  length  of  the  town  is  about  nine  miles,  and  the  average  breadth  about 
three  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Jay,  on  the  east  by  Fayette,  on 
the  south  by  Wayne  and  Leeds,  and  on  the  west  by  Livermore.  In  the 
extreme  northeast  corner  is  Moose  hill,  so  named  because  Deacon  Elijah 
Livermore  shot  a  moose  near  the  top  more  than  100  years  ago.  Moose  hill 
rises  from  400  to  500  feet  above  the  plains.  From  its  summit  a  very  fine  view 
is  had.  Mt  Blue,  Mt  Abram,  Mt  Saddleback,  and  many  other  mountains  are 
seen  in  the  north,  while  in  the  west  the  Oxford  Hills  and  the  White 
Mountains  loom  up,  and  in  the  south  (through  a  glass)  the  ocean  can  be 
viewed.  No  less  than  16  ponds  are  in  sight,  and  many  villages.  There  has 
been  talk  of  erecting  a  summer  hotel  on  this  summit.  East  of  its  highest  point 
is  a  large  mineral  spring ;  at  its  southern  base  lies  Moose  hill  pond,  as  pure  a 
body  of  water  as  could  be  desired,  fed  by  springs,  and  having  a  small  outlet, 
called  Redwater  brook,  the  best  trout  stream  for  miles  around.    Three  counties, 


Town  of  East  Livermore.  585 

Kennebec,  Franklin,  and  Androscoggin,  and  four  towns,  Fayette,  Chesterville, 
Jay,  and  East  Liverniore,  corner  near  the  highest  elevation  of  Moose  hill. 
Near  the  center  of  the  town  is  Jug  hill.  This  name  was  given  by  an  early 
trader  at  Fayette  Corner,  because  the  inhabitants  living  about  its  base  usually 
ever}^  Saturday  night  brought  their  jugs  to  him  to  be  filled  with  rum.  East  of 
the  center  of  the  town  (partly  in  Fayette)  is  the  Methodist  camp-ground, 
where,  from  its  easy  accessibility  by  road  and  rail,  many  assemblies,  other  than 
those  for  religious  worship,  are  wont  to  meet,  such  as  G.  A.  K.,  temperance, 
political,  and  Sabbath  school  organizations.  The  place,  besides  the  buildings 
and  cottages  on  the  campground,  has  two  stores,  a  post-office,  and  a  saw-mill 
on  a  stream  running  southwestward  from  the  ponds  to  the  river.  There  was 
considerable  activity  at  Strickland's  Ferry,  near  the  depot,  when  the  railroad 
first  came,  but  a  fire  not  long  since  left  only  one  store  and  one  dwelling.  This 
place  is  the  southern  limit  of  the  town ;  the  line  is  but  a  short  distance  from 
the  depot.  From  here  northwest  to  Hillman's  Ferry  was  called  Tolla-  Walla  in 
former  times  before  the  division  of  the  towns.  "  It  was  the  Indian  name  of 
the  Hunton  Rips,"  says  a  writer,  "and  means  nothing  worse  or  more  disrepu- 
table than  the  honorable  name  —  Livermore." 

Haines's  Corner,  east  of  Hillman's  Ferry  and  near  the  center  of  the  town, 
was  "a  merry  place  in  days  of  yore."  Here  were  stores  (and  shops  as  well), 
a  union  meeting-house,  where  town  meetings  were  held  for  some  time  after  the 
incorporation  of  the  town;  but  the  stores  and  shops,  as  also  the  meeting-house, 
have  gone,  leaving  but  a  few  dwellings,  a  school-house,  and  a  church-yard  to 
indicate  what  it  has  been.  North  of  here,  with  a  few  exceptions,  are  the  best 
farming  lands,  as  much  of  the  southern  part  of  the  town  is  flat  and  sandy. 

Shy  Corner,  about  one  mile  from  the  Falls,  where  was  formerly  Barton's 
Ferry,  was  once  a  place  of  considerable  business.  There  were  two  stores,  a 
saw-mill,  rake  factory,  blacksmith  shop,  carpenter  shop,  and  some  other 
buildings,  all  of  which  have  disappeared,  except  half-a-dozen  dwelling-houses. 
East  of  here,  just  beyond  the  Sears  house,  was  formerly  a  Baptist  meeting- 
house, but  in  1854  it  was  taken  down  and  moved  to  the  Falls.  The  place  now 
begins  to  assume  considerable  activity  since  the  County  Agricultural  Society 
in  1889  located  its  grounds  here,  where  it  has  one  of  the  best  trotting-parks 
in  the  state.  On  the  island  in  the  river  at  this  place,  in  former  times,  some 
of  the  Kennebec  Indians  would  lodge  at  certain  times  of  the  year,  for  hunting 
and  fishing  at  the  mouth  of  Redwater  brook,  and  when  the  Roccomeka  tribe 
from  Canton  Point  came  down  they  would  run,  and  the  Roccomekas  called 
them  the  "Shy  Indians."     Hence  the  name. 

Livermore  Falls. — About  one  mile  north  of  Shy  is  the  village  of  Liver- 
more  Falls,  sheltered  on  the  north,  east,  and  west  by  prominent  hills.  The 
Indian  name  was  Roccomeka  Falls.  About  1791  mills  were  erected  by  Deacon 
Elijah    Livermore,   but   there    could   not   have   been    much    of    a   settlement 


586  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


immediately  following  their  erection,  for  forests  were  in  close  proximity  in 
1803,  as  two  men  —  Eliphalet  Rovvell,  grandfather  of  Major  Rowell  of  Hallowell, 
and  Jonas  Walton  —  were  killed  that  year  while  at  a  "falling-bee,"  a  few  rods 
below  the  depot,  on  the  O.  Lyford  place,  and  in  1813  there  were  only  three 
dwelling-houses  —  those  of  Samuel  Richardson,  Thomas  Davis,  and  Joseph 
Morrill.  Nothing  of  note  occurred  for  35  years,  during  which  a  small  village 
was  developed. 

March,  1846,  there  was  a  freak  of  the  river  never  known  before  or  since. 
The  water  backed  up  over  the  falls,  then  swirled  to  the  eastern  shore  and 
swept  off  nearly  everything  in  its  way.  The  grist-and-saw-mill  of  Capt.  E. 
Treat,  stores  of  C.  Pettingill,  A.  Kimball,  and  C.  Wads  worth,  the  carding  mill 
of  William  Haskell,  scythe  factory  of  J.  V.  Walton,  and  the  dwelling-house  of 
Benjamin  Paine  were  swept  from  their  foundations,  and  some  of  them  (almost 
bodily)  carried  a  quarter  of  a  mile  and  lodged  against  the  elms  that  skirt  the 
brook  below  the  O.  Lyford  place.  E.  Pettingill's  store  and  the  Moody  house, 
though  somewhat  damaged,  were  the  only  buildings  left  in  the  wake  of  this 
unnatural  current.  A  sudden  freshet  breaking  up  the  river  above  had  brought 
down  a  huge  volume  of  water,  with  ice,  logs,  broken  bridges,  and  other  imped- 
imenta^ and  when  this  huge  drift  went  over  the  falls  the  unbroken  ice  below 
held  it  in  check,  but  at  length,  giving  away  with  a  loud  report,  the  water 
sought  its  natural  channel,  leaving  the  ice  and  drift  piled  promiscuously  on  the 
road  and  flats  half  waj'  or  more  from  the  foot  of  Mill  hill  to  Barton's  Ferry. 
It  took  a  great  deal  of  labor  to  make  the  river  road  passable,  as  the  ice  and 
drift  in  places  were  piled  40  feet  high.  Some  of  the  ice  did  not  disappear  until 
the  middle  of  the  next  July.  As  soon  after  this  as  Captain  Treat  could  con- 
struct a  saw-mill  and  prepare  the  lumber  he  rebuilt  the  grist-mill,  and  either 
the  following  summer  or  the  next,  all  the  buildings  reappeared  except  the 
scythe  factory  and  Paine's  house.  Mr  Paine  did  not  dare  rebuild  on  the  old 
spot,  as  he  and  his  family  barely  escaped  in  the  flood.  He  had  retired  the 
night  before  apprehending  no  danger,  but  when  he  arose  in  the  morning  the 
water  was  so  high  that  his  family  made  their  escape  by  clinging  to  a  fence  until 
one  of  his  neighbors  arrived  with  a  boat.  He  rebuilt  his  house  and  shop  up 
the  hill  next  to  the  Baptist  church. 

At  this  time  (1846)  the  business  part  of  the  place  was  below  Mill  hill,  and 
comprised  four  stores,  a  grist  and  saw  mill,  a  carding  mill,  a  scythe  factory, 
and  two  or  three  shops.  On  the  west  side  of  Main  street,  north  from  the  mills, 
the  first  structure  was  the  Macomber  house,  where  Ham's  store  is  now.  The 
house  has  been  moved  back  and  is  the  residence  of  Mrs  John  W.  Eaton.  The 
next  house  was  the  Pray  house  near  the  railroad,  now  occupied  by  R.  C. 
Boothby.  There  was  a  small  house  where  J.  Pettingill  lives.  The  next  was 
the  hotel  kept  by  William  French,  where  the  Basfords  live.  Further  north 
the  barn  and  corn-house  of  S.  Richardson  completed  the  buildings  on  that  side 


Town  of  East  Livermore.  587 

of  the  street.  On  the  east  side  of  the  street,  after  passing  the  Richardson 
house  south,  was  the  Captain  Cutler  house  (moved  across  the  road  in  the  fall 
of  1890  by  G.  R.  Currier).  Up  Church  street,  on  top  of  the  hill,  was  the 
house  and  shoe  shop  of  C.  Wadsworth,  and  a  little  beyond,  a  school-house. 
On  the  other  side  of  Church  street  was  the  house  of  O.  Pettingill,  where  now 
stands  the  Baptist  parsonage.  On  the  corner  of  Main  and  Union  streets  was 
the  D.  S.  Walton  house,  now  owned  by  C.  Pettingill,  and  in  a  lane  (now  Union 
street)  stood  as  now  the  house  of  S.  B.  Walton.  Next  on  Main  street,  below 
Pettingill's,  was  the  A.  Kimball  house,  where  Cyrus  Knapp  now  resides.  The 
next  south  was  the  John  Walker  house,  the  southern  part  of  the  Bean  hotel. 
Below  this  on  the  Treat  corner  there  had  been  a  hotel,  but  it  was  burned  prior 
to  this  and  the  lot  was  vacant.  On  the  north  side  of  the  lane  (now  part  of 
Depot  street)  was  the  dwelling  of  L.  Chandler,  moved  back  in  the  fall  of  1890 
to  make  way  for  the  Odd  Fellows  Block,  The  next  building  was  the  Walker 
house,  where  Mrs  Robinson  now  resides.  The  next  was  the  Dr  Hale  house. 
Next  was  the  house  and  cooper  shop  of  John  Hunt  at  the  extreme  end  of  the 
lane  and  close  to  the  gully.  On  the  south  side  of  this  lane  Walker  had  a  shop. 
From  there  to  Main  street  was  cultivated  land.  Down  the  hill  on  the  east  side 
of  Main  street  first  was  the  Waterman  house,  long  since  torn  down.  The  next 
was  the  Cooper  house,  now  standing.  One  more  below  this,  the  Mayo  house, 
still  standing ;  and  we  have  all  there  was  of  Livermore  Falls  in  March,  1846, 
when  the  river,  as  Captain  Treat  used  to  say,  "  run  up  the  Mill  hill "  and 
washed  away  its  business  portion. 

The  place  remained  in  this  condition  (excepting  the  erection  of  Treat's 
house  on  the  corner  of  Depot  street  and  the  Paine  house  aforementioned)  until 
awakened  by  the  scream  of  the  steam  whistle  in  1852,  at  the  completion  of  the 
Androscoggin  Railroad  from  Leeds  Junction.  The  pioneers  of  this  road  here 
were  Captain  Treat,  E.  Pettingill,  and  John  Smith.  At  first  it  was  in  doubt 
whether  it  should  come  further  than  Shy  so  as  to  go  up  the  Chesterville  valley 
when  extended,  but  Captain  Treat  said  it  must  come  here;  he  took  the  last 
section  to  build  himself,  and  it  came.  From  this  time  the  place  was  very 
active.  George  D.  Lothrop  purchased  the  Walker  house  and  enlarged  it  for  a 
hotel.  The  French  hotel  had  been  owned  and  run  by  O.  Luce,  but  as  Mr  Luce 
became  freight' master  it  was  rented  to  R.  Graffam.  The  influx  of  population 
as  soon  as  buildings  could  be  erected  for  its  accommodation,  was  considerable. 
The  stores  of  C.  Pettingill,  A.  Kimball,  and  others  were  moved  up  the  hill  to 
the  west  side  of  Main  street.  W.  Hunton,  from  Wayne,  an  active  business 
man  and  formerly  a  county  commissioner  of  Kennebec  county,  erected  a  store 
on  Depot  street  and  went  into  trade.  S.  Read,  from  North  Livermore,  moved 
over  and  opened  a  store  next  to  Hunton.  Dr  A.  R.  Millett  from  Minot,  and 
C.  Knapp  from  Monmouth,  young,  unmarried  men  right  from  school,  followed 
the  railroad  and  opened  offices.     They  boarded  at  Lothrop's  hotel,  and  soon 


588  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


became  fast  friends.  The  Doctor  was  a  Democrat,  "  dyed  in  the  wool,"  while 
Knapp,  a  Whig  as  long  as  the  party  lasted,  became  a  Republican  upon  its 
dissolution.  They  soon  became  leaders  in  their  respective  parties,  and  many  a 
set-to  they  had  upon  the  political  issues  preceding  the  late  war.  Their  last 
joint  discussion  was  in  the  Fremont  campaign  in  1856.  It  was  arranged  by 
their  political  friends.  Rev.  O.  H.  Johnson  and  Col  Merritt  acting  for  Dr  Millet, 
and  Rev.  Mr  Pendleton  and  Rev.  Mr  Garland  for  Knapp,  Knapp  to  speak  first 
for  one  hour,  the  Doctor  to  answer  in  one  and  a  half  hours,  and  Knapp  to  close 
in  half  an  hour.  At  the  time  appointed  the  hall  was  full  to  overflowing  and  a 
vast  crowd  filled  the  door-yard  and  blocked  the  entrance.  Knapp  spoke 
his  hour,  Millett  his  hour  and  a  half,  and  Knapp  had  got  about  half  through 
with  his  reply  when  Dr  Hale  was  taken  with  a  fit  and  had  to  be  removed 
through  the  window.  Knapp  said,  after  quiet  was  restored,  that  "he  knew  he 
was  giving  Millett  fits,  but  didn't  suppose  he  was  giving  any  one  in  the 
audience  fits."  This  remark  brought  down  the  house,  and  he  proceeded  to 
close  without  further  interruption.  The  friendship  between  these  men  was 
never  broken.  Dr  Millett  married  a  daughter  of  Captain  Treat  and  Mr  Knapp 
a  daughter  of  O.  Luce,  the  hotel  keeper.  They  lived  near  neighbors,  and 
sometimes  when  the  Doctor  was  sick,  the  other  has  been  known  to  mount  his 
gig  and  carry  medicine  and  prescriptions  to  his  patients.  Dr  Millett  died  in 
1889,  honored  and  respected. 

In  1858  a  toll-bridge  was  erected  across  the  river  above  the  falls  near  the 
location  of  the  present  bridge,  but  in  March,  1871,  it  was  carried  away  by  an 
ice  freshet.  In  1872,  by  the  enterprise  and  capital  of  Caleb  Smith,  of  Liver- 
more,  the  present  bridge  was  built  and  having  been  run  as  a  toll-bridge  till  1887, 
it  was  made  free  by  the  action  of  the  county,  the  two  towns,  and  individual 
contributors. 

In  1857  the  railroad  was  extended  to  North  Jay,  and  the  place  for  a  while 
seemed  to  stand  still.  In  1862  it  was  somewhat  revived  upon  the  erection  of 
a  milk-condensing-and-cheese-factory  by  the  Roccomeka  Company.  This  busi- 
ness flourished  during  the  war,  but  upon  its  close  the  company  ceased  operations, 
and  in  1877  sold  the  factory  and  water-power  to  Alvin  Record,  (a  son  of  Thomas 
and  Harriet  Record,  of  Greene,)  who  converted  the  factory  into  a  leather-board 
mill,  as  which  it  is  still  used.  Mr  Record  is  a  remarkable  man.  The  first 
dollar  he  ever  earned  was  in  picking  beechnuts  on  Moose  hill.  He  worked  at 
his  trade  of  a  carpenter  until  about  1861,  then  was  in  the  apothecary  business 
until  1871,  when  he  began  the  manufacture  of  leather-board.  Later  he  built 
pulp  mills  here  and  at  North  Jay,  and  carries  on  the  business  in  connection 
with  the  leather-board  manufacture.  He  also  owns  the  grist  and  lumber 
mills.  He  has  about  #75,000  capital  invested  in  his  business  here,  and  about 
$100,000  at  Jay.  He  employs  60  hands  here  and  50  at  Jay.  His  monthly  pay- 
roll here  is  |1,300,  and  at  Jay,  |1,200.     He  also  has  an  orange  grove  in  Florida, 


Town  of  East  Liveemore.  589 

where  he  and  his  wife  (Agrandice  Lyford  Record)  pass  their  winters,  leaving 
his  business  to  his  sons  Edward  H.  and  Judson  A.,  and  daughter  Helen,  who 
has  been  his  book-keeper  since  he  has  been  in  business. 

The  Umhagofj  Pulp  Company  was  incorporated  in  1882  with  a  capital  at  first 
of  #150,000,  subsequently  enlarged.  The  property  is  on  both  sides  of  the 
river.  Extensive  improvements  have  since  been  made  ;  strong  dams  and  large 
buildings  have  been  erected,  and  the  property  is  among  the  most  valuable  on 
the  Androscoggin.  Sixty  hands  are  employed,  and  the  monthly  pay-roll  is 
$2,400.  The  officers  of  the  company  are  :  president,  H.  J.  Chisholm  ;  treasurer, 
E.  B.  Dennison  ;  superintendent,  Charles  R.  Loring ;  clerk,  D.  J.  Bogan. 

The  Otis  Falls  Pulp  Company  was  organized  in  1888,  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $150,000,  since  increased  to  over  $200,000.  The  plant  is  on  both  sides  of 
the  river,  and  in  three  towns.  The  mill  is  a  few  feet  over  the  line  in  Jay. 
Otis  Falls  are  half  a  mile  above  Livermore  Falls,  and  were  once  owned  and 
occupied  for  a  lumber  mill  by  Oliver  Otis.  The  company  employs  75  men, 
with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  $2,500.  The  officers  are :  president,  C.  A.  Brown ; 
treasurer,  H.  J.  Chisholm  ;  superintendent,  W.  C.  Bursley.  The  company  is 
erecting  a  large  paper  mill. 

One  of  the  industries  that  gives  employment  to  both  sexes,  and  therefore 
the  most  useful,  is  the  variety  wood-turning  business  of  F.  S.  Richmond.  Mr 
Richmond  is  a  native  of  Livermore,  and  has  been  in  the  business  from  his 
youth.  He  has  been,  like  Mr  Record,  the  architect  of  his  own  fortunes.  He 
employs  80  hands,  with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  $1,200,  uses  both  steam  and 
water  power,  does  an  annual  business  of  $40,000,  while  his  products,  as  one 
has  said,  "go  to  the  ends  of  the  earth."  The  manufacture  of  clothing  by  E. 
W.  Pressey  is  a  useful  industry  for  the  employment  of  females.  Mr  Pressey 
has  been  in  business  here  some  15  years,  employs  30  hands,  and  does  an  annual 
business  of  about  $10,000.  The  manufacturing  business  of  John  L.  Cummings 
commenced  at  Livermore  Center  a  few  years  since  in  a  small  way,  and  now 
employing  15  operatives,  and  doing  an  annual  business  of  $20,000,  has  its  post- 
office  address  here.  Mr  Cummings  manufactures  trunks,  extension  cases,  and 
plush  goods.  All  the  smaller  industries  are  well  represented.  The  population 
of  the  town  is  steadily  increasing,  and  its  future  growth  and  prosperity  is 
assured.  The  valuation  is  :  real  estate,  $347,200  ;  personal,  $103,361 ;  polls, 
390  ;  liabilities,  $4,903.46  ;  resources,  $3,391.26. 

Merchants.  —  Since  the  utilization  of  the  water-power  commenced,  Liver- 
more Falls  has  been  a  considerable  trade  center.  A  Mr  Mills  was  in  trade 
here  as  early  as  1815.  Slowly  came  others:  E.  Pettingill,  Stone,  Waterman, 
Cooper,  Cutler,  Mayo,  Kimball,  C.  Pettingill,  Noyes,  Reed,  Chandler.  Li  1870 
were  in  trade  E.  Treat,  S.  J.  Burgess,  W.  H.  Wood,  C.  Pettingill,  J.  A. 
Ramsdell,  J.  W.  Eaton,  S.  Coding,  J.  W.  Dunham,  Alvin  Record,  N.  G. 
Cofran,  B.  B.  Drake,  M.  Larkin,  G.  O.  Foye,  C.  R.  Noyes,  M.  Sylvester,  J.  P. 


590  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Fogg.  In  1890  W.  A.  Francis  and  E.  N.  Berry  (since  1871)  traded  at  the 
Mills,  H.  N.  Sawtelle  at  Strickland's  Ferry,  S.  E.  Perkins  (since  1880),  W.  S. 
Treat,  C.  Pettingill,  J.  A.  Ramsdell,  J.  G.  Ham,  David  Elliott,  Moore  & 
Sprague,  J.  L.  Cummings,  Cloutchie  &  Deshain,  E.  L.  Beck,  George  Chandler, 
W.  A.  Stuart,  A.  C.  Hutchinson,  S.  W.  Burbank,  E.  Edgecomb,  S.  J.  Burgess, 
J.  F.  Jefferds,  G.  F.  Wood,  E.  S.  Goding,  E.  &  H.  Sewall,  M.  E.  Whitcomb, 
and  others. 

The  Baptist  Church  at  Livermore  Falls  was  organized  November  20,  1811, 
and  was  originally  the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Livermore.  The  original 
members  were  Rev.  Thomas  Wyman,  Zephaniah  Bumpus,  Jesse  Smith, 
Ebenezer  Turner,  Ithamar  Farrington,  Theodore  Martin,  Levi  Pike,  Nancy 
Whittemore,  Sally  Bassett,  Mary  Lyford,  Rachel  Farrington,  Hannah  Pike, 
Irene  Smith,  Mary  Bumpus,  Sarah  Smith,  Polly  Turner,  Elizabeth  Farrington, 
Mary  Baker,  Jerusha  Lyford,  Sally  Marston,  Ebenezer  Farrington,  John 
Wyman,  Daniel  Wyman,  Cushman  Bassett,  Jonathan  Libby,  Ebenezer  Whit- 
temore, Betsey  Smith.  The  meetings  of  the  church  were  held  in  dwellings 
and  school-houses  until  1825,  when  a  meeting-house  was  built  at  Shy,  near  the 
present  cemetery.  In  1854  this  house  was  moved  to  Livermore  Falls,  and  in 
1871  was  torn  down  to  give  place  to  the  present  brick  building.  The  pastors 
have  been:    Thomas  Wyman,  November,  1811,  to  October,  1817;  Elias  Nelson, 

1818  to  1820;  Adams,  1820  to  1822 ;    John  Hays.  February,  1822  to  1823; 

Adams,  from  1823  to  March,  1821,  from  which  time  until  June,  1833,  the 

church  had  no  regular  pastor;  Nathan  Mayhew,  June,  1833,  to  September, 
1835;  William  Wyman,  1836;  O.  B.  Walker,  December,  1839,  to  February, 
1842;  D.  Hutchinson,  1842  to  1844;  Amos  Pendleton,  May,  1844,  to  May, 
1846;  William  Wyman,  July,  1846,  to  May,  1850;  Rufus  Chase,  June,  1850, 
to  June,  1853;  A.  B.  Pendleton,  May,  1855,  to  April,  1863;  A.  Bryant,  Novem- 
ber, 1863,  to  November,  1866;  Asa  Perkins,  March,  1867,  to  April,  1868  ;  E.  M. 
Bartlett,  March,  1869,  to  March,  1871 ;  J.  F.  Eveleth,  June,  1873,  to  June, 
1878;  E.  F.  Merriman,  July,  1879,  to  September,  1880;  E.  S.  Small,  October, 
1880,  to  June,  1890.  Rev.  W.  O.  Ayer,  the  present  pastor,  came  in  Septem- 
ber, 1890.  The  present  membership  of  the  church  is  145,  and  of  the  Sunday 
school,  150.     R.  C.  Boothby  is  Sunday-school  superintendent. 

Moose  Hill  Free  Will  BajMst  Church. — This  church  was  organized  in  1828. 
Ithamar  Farrington,  Joseph  Lyford,  Levi  Pike,  Philip  Smith,  Rachel  Farring- 
ton, Mary  Lyford,  Betsey  Pike,  and  Betsey  Smith  were  the  original  members. 
The  pastors  have  been  John  Foster,  William  Badger,  E.  G.  Eaton,  Roger  Ela, 
A.  Hathaway,  C.  Campbell,  Elder  Hutchinson,  Elder  Jones,  J.  Edgecomb,  S.  P. 
Morrill,  D.  Alden,  J.  Bartlett,  C.  E.  Tedford,  E.  N.  Berry,  H.  C.  Lowden,  W. 
Davis,  and  W.  W.  Carver.  The  church  at  present  numbers  81  members,  and 
the  Sunday  school  has  50  scholars.     Mrs  O.  Roys  is  superintendent. 


Town  of  East  Liveemoee.  591 

Methodist  Upiscopal  Church. —  The  first  Methodist  sermon  preached  within 
the  bounds  of  Fayette  circuit  was  preached  by  Jesse  Lee  at  Fayette  Corner, 
February  11,  1794.  The  old  Fayette  circuit  was  set  off  from  Readfield  charge 
in  1827,  and  there  were  Methodist  classes  formed  at  this  time  at  Fayette 
Corner,  Cyrus  Baldwin  leader;  one  on  the  Ridge,  Samuel  Tuck  leader;  Ches- 
terville  class,  Ezekiel  Knowles  leader;  Jay  class,  Moses  Stone  leader;  Canton, 
Ezekiel  Treat  leader;  East  Livermore,  Isaac  Billington  leader;  Livermore 
Falls,  William  Snow  leader.  The  first  quarterly  meeting  of  the  charge  was 
held  September  5.  About  1829  or  1830  a  union  house  of  worship  was  erected 
near  Haines's  Corner,  East  Livermore,  where  the  Methodists  continued  to 
worship  until  1844,  when,  through  the  efforts  of  Mr  Jacob  Randall,  a  meeting- 
house was  bought  and  removed  from  Fayette  Corner  to  East  Livermore  and 
dedicated  in  1845,  in  which  the  Methodists  have  worshiped  up  to  the  present 
time.  In  1830  an  extensive  revival  occurred,  Henry  True  preacher  in  charge. 
The  work  commenced  at  Haines's  Corner,  East  Livermore.  John  Lord,  then 
presiding  elder  of  Portland  district,  aided  powerfully  in  promoting  the  work. 
On  the  night  preceding  the  quarterly  meeting  Isaac  Billington,  the  class  leader, 
prayed  all  night  for  God's  blessing  upon  the  meeting.  There  were  violent 
opposers  in  the  neighboi^hood,  who  wrote  threatening  letters  to  some  of  the 
young  men  who  had  been  converted.  Early  in  the  morning  the  converts,  led 
by  the  presiding  elder,  visited  the  houses  of  the  men  who  wrote  the  threatening 
letters,  prayed  and  sang  praises  at  their  doors.  The  revival  spread  over  the 
circuit,  and  as  the  result  of  this  work  the  pastor  baptized  and  received  into  the 
church  111  persons.  The  East  Livermore  part  of  the  M.  E.  church  was 
composed  of  53  members  at  its  formation,  and  the  church  on  the  whole  has 
been  grandly  successful  and  has  been  distinguished  for  the  steadfastness  and 
fervid  piety  of  its  members.  The  territory  which  the  East  Livermore  church 
formerly  embraced  has  been  reduced  by  the  formation  of  the  church  at  Liver- 
more Falls,  to  which  about  75  members  of  the  East  Livermore  church  were 
transferred.  The  church  has  a  membership  of  100,  and  a  Sabbath  school  of 
50  members.     Mr  N.  W.  Brown  is  superintendent. 

The  preachers  have  been:  1827-8,  Philip  Ayer ;  1828-9,  Nathaniel  Norris; 
1829-30,  Henry  True ;  1830-31,  Henry  True  and  B.  D.  Eastman ;  1881-3,  Asa 
Heath;  1833-4,  Gorham  Greely ;  1834-7,  Philip  Munger ;  1837-8,  Huse  Dow; 
1838-9,  Asa  Green,  Asa  Smith,  P.  Munger;  1839-40,  Joseph  Lull;  1840-42,  Ira 
T.  Thurston;  1842-3,  Thomas  Smith;  1843-4,  Thomas  Smith,  W.  H.  Foster; 
1844-6,  Benjamin  Foster;  1846-7,  Josiah  Higgins;  1847-9,  Daniel  Randall; 
1849-51,  John  Allen;  1851-2,  Joseph  Gerry ;  1852-4,  David  Copeland  ;  1854-6, 
Isaac  Lord;  1856-8,  Heman  Nickerson;  1858-60,  W.  H.  Foster;  1860-62, 
Alvah  Hatch;  1862-4,  Phineas  Libby;  1864-6,  Heman  Nickerson;  1866-9, 
Charles  Andrews;  1869-72,  Daniel  Waterhouse ;  1872-5,  John  P.  Cole; 
1^75-8,  C.  W.  Blackman;    1878-9,  David  Pratt;    1879-81,  H.  B.  Wardwell; 


592  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

1881-2,  Samuel  Bailey;  1882-3,  Charles  Manger;  1883-4,  O.  S.  Pillsbury; 
1884-7,  W.  H.  Foster;  1887-9,  Henry  Crockett;  1889-91,  J.  R.  Remick. 

Tlie  Livermore  Falls  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  May  15, 
1866,  with  86  members,  through  the  instrumentality  of  Samuel  Baldwin,  Orrin 
Haskell,  Moses  Stone,  Cyrus  Parker,  Jonathan  Pike,  L.  H.  Daggett,  and 
Charles  Richardson.  Lothrop's  (now  Bean's)  hall  was  fitted  up  with  pews, 
pulpit,  and  galler}^  and  used  as  a  place  of  worship  until  the  handsome  new 
church  building  on  Church  street  was  ready  for  occupation,  some  three  years 
later.  In  1888  the  church  erected  a  parsonage.  Pastors  — 1866,  James 
Armstrong;  1867-1868,  Ruel  Kimball;  1869,  Stephen  Allen;  1870-1871,  John 
M.  Woodbury;  1872,  Willard  Bartlett ;  1873-1874-1875,  W.  H.  Foster; 
1876,  Richard  Vivian;  1877,  Sylvester  Hooper;  1878-1879,  Asbury  Trafton; 
1880-1881-1882,  George  L.  Burbank;  1883-1884,  M.  E.  King;  1885-1886, 
John  L.  Hill;  1887-1888,  C.  E.  Bisbee  ;  1889-1890,  A.  E.  Parlin.  The  present 
membership  of  the  church  is  163.  The  Sunday  school  has  206  scholars. 
E.  C.  Dow  is  superintendent. 

Universalism}  —  For  a  number  of  years  previous  to  1860  services  were  held 
occasionally  in  a  union  church  at  Haines's  Corner,  and  in  the  school-house 
and  Treat's  Hall  in  Livermore  Falls.  Among  the  ministers  who  officiated 
were  George  Bates,  Thomas  Dolloff,  Ezekiel  Vose,  Robert  Blacker,  George 
Quimby,  O.  H.  Johnson.  Under  the  ministry  of  the  latter  the  present  house 
of  worship  was  erected  in  1860.  Abram  Luce,  Grin  Luce,  Comfort  Pettingill, 
Cyrus  Morrison,  Nathaniel  Mayo,  and  Ezekiel  Treat  furnished  the  money. 
Two  of  this  number  (Comfort  Pettingill  and  Abram  Luce)  are  now  living. 
The  building  lot  was  given  by  Comfort  Pettingill  and  Ezekiel  Treat.  The 
contract  of  building  was  let  to  Ezekiel  Treat.  In  1861  there  was  organized  a 
Universalist  society,  the  first  organization  of  Universalism  in  East  Livermore. 
The  next  pastor  after  O.  H.  Johnson  was  D.  T.  Stevens.  His  successor  was 
B.  H.  Davis,  under  whose  administration,  in  1881,  was  organized  "  The  First 
Universalist  Parish  Church,"  with  these  members :  Benjamin  H.  Davis,  I.  L. 
Alden,  A.  R.  Millett,  Dora  A.  Alden,  Charles  H.  Boothby,  H.  N.  Stone,  Com- 
fort Pettingill,  M.  M.  Stone,  Charles  Pettingill,  C.  H,  Cram,  George  H.  Dascomb, 
V.  D.  Cram,  M.  L.  Pettingill,  Lottie  Boothby,  F.  S.  Richmond,  S.  J.  Millett, 
Emma  A.  Richmond,  Abbie  Hyde,  Celia  B.  Coolidge,  Elisha  Coolidge,  Nellie 
L.  Lisherness,  Abbie  Haines,  Charles  R.  Lisherness,  A.  Knapp,  Adelbert  Alden, 
E.  M.  Eustis.  The  idea  was  to  have  both  a  parish  and  church  with  but  one 
organization.  H.  C.  Munson  followed  Mr  Davis,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  F. 
K.  Beem.  During  the  present  pastorate  the  Parish  church  has  been  reorganized 
so  that  there  are  two  organizations,  or  parish  and  church.  The  parish  officers 
are:  president,  Howard  Sewall ;  secretary.  Miss  Minnie  W.  Alden;  treasurer, 
Charles  Pettingill;    examining  committee,  Mr  and  Mrs  S.  E.  Perkins  and  Mrs 

1  By  Rev.  F.  K.  Beem. 


Town  of  East  Livermoee.  593 

George  Wood.  Officers  of  the  church  :  secretary,  F.  S.  Richmond ;  treasurer, 
Charles  Pettingill ;  deacons,  F.  S.  Richmond  and  A.  Q.  Knapp.  In  connection 
with  the  church  is  a  Sunday  School,  Ladies'  Circle,  and  Young  People's  Society 
of  Christian  Endeavor. 

Eockomeka  Lodge,  No.  283,  I.  0.  a.  T.,  was  organized  July  17,  1882.  The 
charter  members  were  C.  R.  Loring,  David  Cargill,  G.  S.  Burbank,  J.  L. 
Lothrop,  Albert  Allen,  A.  O.  Wood,  Lillian  Allen,  Katie  Ross,  G.  T.  Vining, 
Martha  A.  Pierce,  E.  S.  Elliott,  Mrs  C.  R.  Loring,  J.  N.  Coding,  Clara  J. 
Basford,  A.  J.  Moore,  E.  Ridley,  Mrs  E.  E.  Dyke,  Susie  N.  Cargill,  Carroll 
Cargill,  R.  C.  Boothby,  Henry  Reynolds,  J.  L.  Morse,  James  Ridley,  Minnie 
Marsh,  Mabel  Lamb,  Vesta  Boothby,  Emma  Lamb,  B.  A.  Knapp,  E.  C.  Basford, 
A.  P.  Ricker,  E.  E.  Dyke,  C.  H.  Kimball,  J.  A.  Record,  A.  D.  Brown,  W.  E. 
Morse,  Laura  A.  Coding,  Mrs  N.  Pierce,  J.  N.  Pettingill,  Nettie  F.  Pulsifer, 
S.  A  Burbank,  Sarah  S.  Hood,  Annie  L.  Cole,  Lottie  F.  Cole,  E.  S.  Small.  The 
first  officers  were:  R.  C.  Boothby,  C.  T. ;  David  Cargill,  P.  C.  T.;  Rev.  E.  S. 
Small,  Chap.;  J.  A.  PettengiU,  V.  T.;  W.  E.  Morse,  Sec;  E.  C.  Basford, 
Financial  Sec;  S.  A.  Burbank,  Treas. ;  Clara  J.  Basford,  D.  M. ;  C.  H. 
Kimball,  I.  G.;  E.  E.  Dyke,  O.  G.  The  present  officers  are:  W.  L.  Dow,  C. 
T.;  W.  Holley,  P.  C.  T. ;  Minnie  Alden,  V.  T.;  J.  W.  Knapp,  Sec;  Sybil 
Alden,  F.  Sec;  Gertrude  Rand,  Treas.;  H.  Green,  M. ;  Elra  Coding,  D.  M.; 
Rev.  W.  H.  Foster,  Chap.;  Isaac  Boothby,  G.;  Frank  Warren,  Sen.;  E.  A. 
Keen,  Lodge  Deputy.  The  lodge  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  and  has  130 
members. 

Pure  (xoJd  Lodge,  L.  0.  Gr.  T.,  No.  26'2,  was  instituted  at  East  Livermore  Mills, 
November  10,  1888,  with  16  charter  members.  Officers  as  follows:  C.  W. 
Brown,  C.  T. ;  Nettie  A.  Berry,  V.  T. ;  M.  E.  Gould,  C. ;  W.  B.  Crane,  Sec. ; 
Horace  Tobin,  Asst  Sec;  L.  P.  Gould,  F.  Sec;  George  Keith,  Treas.;  Fred  M. 
Berry,  M.;  Lester  Brown,  D.  M..  Mrs  E.  N.  Berry,  G.;  E.,N.  Berry,  L.  D. ; 
Alvena  Stetson,  S.  J.  T. ;  E.  N.  Berry,  P.  C.  T.  There  are  at  present  50 
members  in  good  standing. 

Camp  Ground.  —  Since  the  year  1850  the  Methodists  of  East  Livermore 
and  vicinity  have  held  meetings  annually  in  a  grove  known  as  the  East  Liver- 
more Camp  Ground.  This  association  of  Methodists  was  incorporated  in  1870 
and  was  called  the  East  Livermore  Camp-Meeting  Association.  At  present  the 
association  owns  about  twenty  acres  of  land,  a  large  boarding-house,  stable, 
and  offices.  There  are  many  beautiful  cottages  owned  by  the  society  and 
individuals.  The  auditorium  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about  3,000.  The 
grounds  are  beautiful  and  well  arranged.  Present  officers :  G.  R.  Fernald, 
president;  W.  H.  Foster,  vice-president;  A.  D.  Cole,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
C.  W.  Brown,  N.  W.  Brown,  A.  D.  Brown,  directors. 

Physicians.  —  Haines'' s  Corner.  —  Dr  Charles  MiUett  was  in  practice  at 
Haines's  Corner  until  about  1848  when  he  moved  to  Lewiston,  where  he  died 


594  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


in  1854.  Dr  William  B.  Small,  a  son  of  Dr  Small,  of  Jay,  was  in  practice  here 
until  about  1870.  Br  William  Cary  practiced  here  before  the  organization  of 
the  town.  Liver  more  Falls. — Br  Snoiv  came  in  1818.  Br  William  Kelsey  was 
in  practice  here.  He  died  in  1842,  aged  34.  Br  Bavid  Hale  came  from 
Fayette  Mills  about  1843,  and  resided  here  until  his  death  in  1868.  He  was 
an  honored  and  respected  citizen  and  skilled  in  his  profession.  Br  A.  R.  Millett, 
a  native  of  Minot,  came  in  1853  and  was  in  practice  here  until  near  the  time  of 
his  death  in  1889.  He  was  an  able  physician  and  had  a  large  practice.  Br  Albert 
Gr.  French  moved  here  from  Fayette  about  1859,  remained  four  years,  returned 
to  Fayette,  where  he  practiced  until  he  moved  to  Lewiston,  and  opened  an 
office  with  Dr  liussell.  Br  Selden  F.  JVeal,  who  was  for  a  time  preceptor  of 
Hebron  Academy,  and  assistant  surgeon  in  the  army,  located  here  in  1865,  and 
obtained  a  good  practice.  He  died  in  1872,  He  was  succeeded  by  Frank 
Garcelon,  a  native  of  the  place,  who  moved  to  California  about  1877.  Br  Isaiah 
L.  Ahlen  came  from  Turner  in  1877.  He  had  been  in  practice  in  the  West. 
Though  feeble  in  health,  he  soon  entered  into  a  large  practice.     He  died  in 

1886,  lamented  by  all.  Br  J.  E.  Bradbury,  a  native  of  Livermore,  came  here  in 
1884.  In  1889  he  moved  to  Stoughton,  Mass.,  where  he  is  now  in  practice. 
The  present  physicians  are :  Br  Charles  E.  Knight,  a  native  of  Livermore,  son 
of  William  and  Rebecca  Knight,  who  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  a  member 
of  the  school  committee.  Dr  Knight  was  educated  for  his  profession  at  the 
Maine  Medical  School,  and  is  a  graduate  of  Waterville  Classical  Institute  and 
received  his  degree  at  Bowdoin  College.     He  located  in  Livermore  Falls  in 

1887,  and  was  appointed  United  States  pension  examining  surgeon  in  1890. 
Br  O,  H.  Cribbs,  also  a  native  of  Livermore,  has  been  and  is  now  a  member  of 
the  school  committee  and  town  clerk  and  treasurer.  Br  Henry  Reynolds  came 
here  from  Auburn. 

Lawyers.  —  The  first  lawyer  we  have  any  record  of  was  William  A.  Evans,  a 
native  of  Hallo  well,  and  a  brother  of  LT.  S.  Senator  George  Evans.  Mr  Evans  was 
here  about  1840,  but  soon  moved  to  Fort  Fairfield.  Grrove  Catlin,  from  York 
county,  was  here  in  1854,  though  partially  retired  from  practice,  and  devoting 
most  of  his  time  to  his  farm  at  Otis  Falls.  After  C.  Knapp  came  he  was  often 
his  competitor  in  the  trial  of  suits. ^  Catlin  was  a  man  of  respectable  talents 
and  attainments,  but  of  intemperate  habits.  He  moved  to  New  Hampshire 
about  1865,  where  he  died.  H.  C.  WentwortJi,  a  native  of  Readfield,  came  in 
1858.  He  was  a  college  graduate,  and  had  taught  in  an  academy  in  Georgia. 
He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  16th  Me.  In  1870  he  moved  to  Auburn,  and  was 
of  the  firm  of  Wentworth  &  Cornish,  Lewiston,  and  later  practiced  alone.     He 

iThe  last  time  he  was  engaged  in  a  trial  with  Knapp  was  at  Livermore  Falls  before  Esquire  Hiinton, 
when,  dissatistied  with  some  ruling  of  the  court,  he  seized  his  hat  and  started  for  home,  saying  as  he 
went  out  of  the  door,  "  Blast  such  a  court,  to  be  ruled  by  that  calf-head  of  a  lawyer."  Knapp,  after 
he  left,  coolly  remarked,  "  I  always  knew  there  was  something  the  matter  with  me,  but  never  knew 
before  that  it  was  a  calf's-head.'' 


Town  of  East  Livermore.  595 

was  a  man  of  talent,  a  good  debater,  and  an  able  public  speaker.  A.  C  Otis 
came  from  Winthrop  and  opened  an  office  in  1873,  but  returned  in  1875.  The 
present  lawyers  are  C.  Knapp  and  H.  C.  Whittemore.     [See  Bench  and  Bar.] 

Civil  List.  — 1844,  1845 — A.  Barton,  clerk;  A.  Barton,  D.  Benjamin,  J.  Ford,  selectmen.  1846  — 
A.Barton,  clerk;  D.  Benjamin,  J.  Ford,  J.  Cutler,  selectmen.  1847  — A.  Barton,  clerk;  J.  Cutler, 
L.  B.  Young,  N.  Wellington,  selectmen.  1848, 1849  — A.  Barton,  clerk;  A.  Barton,  J.  Ford,  J.  Lovejoy, 
selectmen.  1850 — A.  Barton,  clerk;  J.  Cutler,  F.  Morrill,  S.  Baldwin,  selectmen.  1851— A.  Barton, 
clerk;  J.  Cutler,  J.  Ford,  J.  Lovejoy,  selectmen.  1852,  1853,  1854  — A.  Barton,  clerk,  A.  Barton,  J. 
Lovejoy,  J.  Ford,  selectmen.  1855— A.  Barton,  clerk;  A.  Barton,  J.  Lovejoy,  C.  S.  Pray,  selectmen. 
1856  — A.  Barton,  clerk;  C.  S.  Pray,  H.  L.  Morrison,  J.Ford,  selectmen.  1857,  1858  — E.  Kimball, 
clerk;  C.  S.  Pray,  J.  Lovejoy,  F.  F.  Haines,  selectmen.  1859  — E.  Kimball,  clerk;  C.  S.  Pray,  H.  L. 
Morrison,  J.  A.  Kowell,  selectmen.  1860  — A.  Barton,  clerk;  C.  S.  Pray,  H.  L.  Morrison,  J.  A.  Rowell, 
selectmen.  1861,  1862  —  A.  Barton,  clerk;  C.  S.  Pray,  H.  L.  Morrison,  S.  Haines,  selectmen.  1863  — 
A.  Barton,  clerk;  C.  S.  Pray,  H.  L.  Morrison,  F.  N.  Billington,  selectmen.  1864  — A.  Barton,  clerk;  W. 
Hunton,  S.  Haines,  H.  Garcelon,  selectmen.  1865  — H.  Garcelon,  clerk;  W.  Hunton,  H.  Garcelon, 
F.  N.  Billington,  selectmen.  1866,  1867— H,  Garcelon,  clerk;  H.  Garcelon,  F.  N.  Billington,  J. 
Lovejoy,  selectmen.  1868  — H.  Garcelon,  clerk;  H.  Garcelon,  F.  N.  Billington,  H.  L.  Morrison, 
selectmen.  1869,  1870— H.  Garcelon,  clerk;  H.  Garcelon,  C.  S.  Pray.  H.  L.  Morrison,  selectmen. 
1871,  1872,  1873  — H.  Garcelon,  clerk;  E.  Treat,  F.  N.  Billington,  H.  L.  Morrison,  selectmen.  1874  — 
E.  E.  Goding,  clerk;  E.  Treat,  F.  N.  Billington,  H.  L.  Morrison,  selectmen.  1875, 1876  —  E.  E.  Goding, 
clerk;  J.  W.  Eaton,  R.  C.  Boothby,  C.  W.  Brown,  selectmen.  1877,  1878, 1879—  E.  E.  Goding,  clerk; 
J.  W.  Eaton,  R.  C.  Boothby,  N.  W.  Brown,  selectmen.  1880,  1881  — E.  E.  Goding,  clerk;  R.  C. 
Boothby,  N.  W.  Brown,  A.  M.  Wing,  selectmen.  1882  —  E.  S.  Goding,  clerk  ;  R.  C. Boothby,  A.  H. 
Ford,C.  B. Knapp,  selectmen.  1883,  1884,  1885,  1886  — C.  H.  Gibbs,  clerk;  R.  C.  Boothby,  A.  H.  Ford, 
L.  C.  Wyman,  selectmen.  1887  — C.  H.  Gibbs,  clerk;  N.  W.  Brown,  A.  J.  Dane,  E.  E.  Goding, 
selectmen.  1888  — C.  H.  Gibbs,  clerk;  E.  E.  Goding,  N.  W.  Brown,  C.  B.  Knapp,  selectmen.  1889, 
1890  -C.  H.  Gibbs,  clerk;  George  R.  Currier,  C.  W.  Brown,  A.  M.  Bumpus,  selectmen.  1891— C.  H. 
Gibbs,  clerk;  R.  C.  Boothby,  J.  A.  Rowell,  A.  H.  Ford,  selectmen. 

Rostvell  C.  Boothby^  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Leadbetter)  Boothby,  is  a 
native  of  Leeds,  and  grandson  of  Stephen  Boothby  who  came  to  that  town,  an 
early  settler,  from  Saco,  and  cleared  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son  William. 
Stephen  had  two  children,  William  and  Samuel.  Roswell  C.  Boothby  is  one 
of  the  leading  men  of  East  Livermore.  Republican  in  politics  he  is  an  able 
supporter  of  the  principles  of  his  party,  and  has  held  important  public  offices 
in  town  and  county.  He  is  a  Baptist  in  religious  preferences,  and  is  prominent 
in  Masonic  circles;  a  member  of  Reuel  Washburn  Lodge  and  of  Lewiston 
Commandery,  and  has  been  D.  D.  G.  Master  of  the  Fifteenth  Masonic  District. 
He  married  Clara  A.,  daughter  of  Hezekiah  and  Nancy  (Coffin)  Atwood. 
[Mrs  Atwood  was  daughter  of  Naphthali  Coffin,  an  early  settler  of  Livermore, 
and  is  now  living  near  Livermore  Center  at  the  advanced  age  of  90  years.] 
Their  children  are  Eugene  H.,  Vesta  J.  (dec),  Samuel  D.,  Eloise  H. 

Jonathan  F.  Jefferds,  son  of  Rev.  Forrest,  a  native  of  Wells,  and  Sarah  C. 
(Stearns)  Jefferds,  a  native  of  Bedford,  Mass.,  was  born  in  Middleton,  Mass. 
He  comes  of  historic  lineage,  being  a  descendant  of  John  Alden  of  Mayflower 
fame.  The  children  of  J.  F.  and  Ann  M.  Jefferds  are  Nellie  F.  and  Lizzie  V. 
Mr  Jefferds  is  a  Congregationalist  in  religious  preferences  and  a  Republican 
politically.  He  was  chief  clerk  in  the  New  England  railroad  mail  service  14 
years,  and  is  now  postmaster  at  Livermore  Falls.     He  served  two  years  in  the 


596  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


army,  is  past  commander  of  Kimball  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  of  this  place,  and  has 
served  three  years  on  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  the  Department  of  Maine. 
Gieorge  A.  Gordon,  son  of  Robert  F.  and  Elvira  V.  Gordon,  was  born  at 
Livermore,  December  18,  1856.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Hooksett,  N.  H., 
whither  his  great-grandfather  emigrated  from  Scotland,  his  name  appearing 
upon  the  first  inventory  of  that  town.  Mr  Gordon  married,  in  1879,  Florence 
S.  Young;  they  have  one  son,  Harold  B.  Mr  Gordon  is  a  resident  of  Liver- 
more,  is  United  States  j)ension  attorney,  and  conducts  insurance  and  real  estate 
business  at  Livermore  Falls.  His  religious  preference  is  for  the  Universalist 
faith;  politically  he  belongs  to  the  Democratic  part}'.     He  is  an  Odd  Fellow. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 

ALBION    RICKER    MILLETT,   M.D. 


THERE  is  no  more  valuable  member  of  the  community  than  the  intelligent 
and  devoted  physician.  He  is  a  benefactor  of  his  race,  and,  when  death 
claims  an  old,  tried,  and  reliable  medical  practitioner,  one  whose  profes- 
sional skill  and  tender  care  of  his  patients  has  won  the  esteem  and  love  of  all, 
we  feel  in  our  hearts,  and  utter  with  our  lips,  "  a  good  man  is  gone."  It  is  well 
that  the  memory  of  such  men  should  be  cherished,  and  that  a  niche  should  be 
kept  for  them  in  the  history  of  the  county  where  their  laborious  lives  were 
passed.     Of  this  number  Dr  Millett  takes  foremost  rank. 

Albion  Micker  Millett,^  son  of  David  and  Asenath  (Hersey)  Millett,  was 
born  at  Minot,  now  Auburn,  June  19,  1826,  and  died  June  8,  1889,  at  Liver- 
more Falls.  He  attended  the  district  schools,  taught  school  for  some  years,  and 
after  his  academic  studies  were  completed  commenced  the  study  of  the  profes- 
sion which  was  to  be  his  life-work,  in  the  office  of  Dr  Wiggin  of  Auburn;  was 
graduated  from  Bowdoin  Medical  School  in  1854  and  established  himself  at 
Livermore  Falls,  where  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  a  successful,  sympa- 
thetic, and  well-beloved  physician,  and  only  retired  from  practice  on  account  of 
failing  health.  Dr  Millett  married,  March  10,  1861,  S.  Josephine,  daughter 
of  Captain  Ezekiel  and  Martha  (Richardson)  Treat,  a  lady  who  was  a  true 
helpmeet,  and  by  her  appreciative  sympathy  and  consideration  lightened  his 
heavy  labors.  Their  son  died  in  infancy;  but  their  home  was  gladdened  in 
1867  by  a  daughter,  Lottie,  now  Mrs  C.  H.  Boothby,  of  Portland,  whose  son 
bears  the  name  Albion  Millett  Boothby. 

iFor  ancestral  history  see  biography  of  F.  D.  Millett,  Leeds. 


^'^  *^  JJi/^itxsStms.PM" 


Town  of  East  Livermoee.  597 

Notwithstanding  his  devotion  to  his  profession  and  its  manifold  cares,  Dr 
Millett  was  no  idle  spectator  in  the  progressive,  political,  moral,  and  intellectual 
elements  of  the  town.  In  I860  he  purchased  a  tract  of  land  on  the  east  side 
of  Main  street,  built  a  fine  residence,  and  later  opened  Millett  street,  on  which 
he  erected  several  houses  on  the  north  side.  He  was  a  life-long  Democrat,  and 
for  many  years  a  leader  of  his  party  in  the  vicinity.  He  was  several  times  a 
candidate  for  the  legislature,  and,  such  was  his  popularity,  ran  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  but  his  party  was  in  the  minority.  He  was  a  close  reader  of  the  Bible, 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Universalist  society,  president  of  the  Franklin 
County  Universalist  Association  for  years,  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  that 
denomination.  In  every  worthy  enterprise  he  withheld  neither  his  word, 
influence,  or  money.  He  was  made  a  Mason  in  Oriental  Star  Lodge,  Liver- 
more,  and  was  a  charter  member  of  Reuel  Washburn  Lodge,  Livermore  Falls; 
had  been  a  Mason  for  30  years,  and  was  buried  with  Masonic  honors.  As  a 
physician  Dr  Millett's  wide  researches,  retentive  memory,  and  love  of  study, 
added  to  good  judgment,  placed  him  among  the  leading  practitioners  of  the 
state,  and  many  owe  their  lives  to  his  professional  skill.  In  business  matters 
his  knowledge  of  affairs,  his  general  intelligence,  and  his  ability  caused  his 
opinion  to  be  widely  sought.  (3f  correct  habits,  unquestioned  integrity,  irre- 
proachable character,  with  a  clear  head  and  a  pure  and  tender  heart,  always 
true  to  his  convictions,  and  ready  to  defend  right  and  justice,  Dr  Millett  may 
be  truly  said  to  have  been  one  of  nature's  noblemen.  His  memory  is  gratefully 
cherished,  and  those  who  knew  him  will  say  that  this  is  not  the  language  of 
eulogy,  but  simple  truth.  "Better  than  storied  urn  or  animated  bust"  is  such 
a  monument  of  tender  memories. 

CAPTAIN   EZEKIEL   TREAT. 

The  man  to  whom  Livermore  Falls  is  most  indebted  for  its  existence  was 
Captain  Ezekiel  Treat,  son  of  Captain  Ezekiel  Treat  of  Canton,  who  owned 
and  commanded  ships  engaged  in  traffic  between  Boston  and  foreign  lands. 
Ezekiel  Treat,  Jr,  was  one  of  six  sons  whose  weight  aggregated  over  1,200 
pounds,  and  as  a  boy  accompanied  his  father  to  sea,  and  rose  to  be  captain  of 
his  father's  vessels.  He  followed  the  sea  until  he  was  nearly  40  and  then 
settled  in  Canton.  He  married  successively  Sarah  and  Martha,  daughters  of 
Captain  George  P.  Richardson,  of  Duxbury,  Mass.  One  child  of  the  first  wife, 
George  M.,  and  two  children  of  the  second  wife,  Sarah  Josephine  (Mrs  A.  R. 
Millett),  and  Winfield  S.,  are  now  living.  In  1845  Captain  Treat  moved  to 
Livermore  Falls,  where  he  purchased  the  entire  water-power  of  the  Andros- 
coggin river  in  East  Livermore  and  the  land  that  now  forms  the  principal 
business  portion  of  the  village  of  Livermore  Falls.  He  was  the  first  to  utilize 
the  vast  power  of  the  falls,  building  grist,  saw,  and  shingle  mills,  which  he 
carried  on  for  years.     It  is  remarkable  that  w^heu  he  sold  the  water-power  (now 


598  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

worth  thousands  of  dollars)  he  was  only  paid  $1,500  for  it.  From  the  time  of 
his  arrival  until  1876  he  was  by  his  energy,  ability,  and  the  multiplicity  of  his 
enterprises  preeminently  the  leading  spirit  of  the  place.  He  established  the 
mercantile  firm  of  E.  Treat  &  Son,  now  conducted  by  W.  S.  Treat,  and  in 
many  and  widely-varying  directions  he  helped  forward  every  effort  to  develop 
the  village.  He  built  at  his  own  expense  the  last  mile  of  the  railroad  into 
Livermore  Falls,  to  fulfill  his  prophecy  that  "  the  whistle  of  the  locomotive 
should  be  heard  in  the  village  in  a  twelve  month."  He  paid  the  bills  and 
collected  the  costs  from  the  company  by  law.  Originally  a  Whig,  he  became 
a  Democrat  on  the  death  of  the  Whig  party;  but  aside  from  holding  the  office 
of  selectman,  justice,  etc.,  took  no  political  positions.  He  was  a  man  of  positive 
character,  j^et  had  a  friendly  interest  in  all  that  made  him  universally  popular. 
He  was  a  strong  Universalist,  and  was  the  chief  one  in  originating  the  first 
society  and  in  building  the  meeting-house.     He  died  June  24,  1879. 


i 


ANDROSCOGGIN   COUNTY 

(Western  Division). 
TOWNS   FROM   CUMBERLAND   AND   OXFORD   COUNTIES: 

Auburn,  Danville,  Poland,  Minot,  Durham, 
Turner,  Livermore. 


AUBURN. 

By  W.  a.  Fergusson. 


CHAPTER   XXXIV. 

Auburn  —  Indian  Occupancy  —  Territory  — Title  —  Surface  — Soil  —  Early  Settlers  and 
Lots  —  Incorporation  — Action  and  Growth  —  Goff's  Corner  —  Early  Settlements  —  Stores 
and  Traders — The  Carpet  Factory  —  First  Teacher  —  First  Hotel  —  Increase  in  Values- 
Business  Houses  in  1851  —  Formation  of  Androscoggin  County — The  Great  Fire  —  Auburn 
Village  Corporation — Auburn  Village  in  1859— East  Auburn  —  West  Auburn  — North 
Auburn  —  Stevens  Mills  — New  Auburn. 

AUBURN,  the  legal  center  of  the  county  and  possessor  of  the  county 
buildings,  is  a  city  of  energy  and  progress,  of  rapid  and  beautiful 
growth,  of  stirring  manufacturing  activity,  of  artistic  and  beautiful 
homes,  of  thoroughly  American  people.  There  is  no  fairer  city  in  all  the 
breadth  of  Maine.  There  is  no  city  where  all  the  certain  elements  of  constant 
and  steady  development  exist  to  a  greater  degree.  There  is  no  city  with  a 
higher  reputation  for  those  qualities  which  make  an  enjoyable  residence,  where 
temperance,  morality,  and  culture  walk  hand  in  hand  with  thrift  and  intellect, 
science  and  wealth.  Extending  for  miles  along  the  west  bank  of  the  Andros- 
coggin, it  has  the  most  charming  of  locations,  giving  beauty  of  situation  as 
well  as  natural  commercial  advantages.  All  of  the  centers  of  civilization  in  its 
limits  have  elements  of  beauty ;  diversified  and  picturesque  scenery  of  lake 
and  mountain  view,  with  surroundings  of  hill  and  vale  to  satisfy  an  exacting 
artist.  And  then  the  wealth  and  richness  of  the  grand  old  elms  and  other 
trees  that  shade  so  many  of  the  streets,  roadsides,  and  picturesque  homes ! 
It  is  a  place  to  please  and  attract  a  stranger  and  give  just  pride  to  its  people. 


600  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Throughout  the  whole  valley  of  the  Androscoggin  in  the  days  of  Indian 
occupancy  there  was  not  a  more  lovely  section  than  that  immediately  adjacent 
to  the  falls  and  the  junction  of  the  Little  Androscoggin  with  the  main  stream. 
The  massive  pines  formed  a  vast  forest  —  a  perfect  paradise  of  game  —  which 
stretched  for  miles  away.  The  streams  and  spring-fed  Lake  Auburn  swarmed 
with  fish.  Li  charm  of  nature  and  beauty  and  advantage  of  location  for 
aboriginal  life  this  place  was  unsurpassed.  Here  the  fierce  and  warlike  Anas- 
agunticooks  kept  the  capital  of  the  valley  region,  had  their  principal  village, 
and  maintained  fortifications.  Their  fleet  of  canoes,  their  skin  tents  with  the 
smoke  issuing  from  the  opening  in  the  top,  their  inclosure  surrounded  by 
sharpened  stakes  hewed  by  their  stone  axes  or  prepared  by  fire,  with  their 
forms  arrayed  in  the  dignity  of  paint  and  feathers,  presented  a  sight  of  barbaric 
splendor.  But  that  life  long  since  passed  away.  Only  the  old  chroniclers  tell 
us  of  its  existence  in  a  line  or  two  gleaming  out  in  local  coloring,  and  tradition 
conjures  up  a  shadowy  semblance  of  the  wild  reality.  The  very  site  of  their 
fort  is  problematical.  The  old  annalists  tell  of  its  capture  in  1690,  and  one 
account  states  that  some  of  the  Indians  in  fleeing  from  pursuit  concealed  them- 
selves back  of  West  Pitch,  and,  suspecting  this  to  be  their  place  of  refuge,  the 
whites  fired  into  the  falling  water,  with  the  result  of  a  dead  Indian  plunging 
into  the  stream  beneath.  The  traces  of  Indian  occupancy  have  been  frequently 
found  in  skeletons,  weapons,  stone  implements,  and  not  many  years  ago  the 
hills  of  their  corn  fields  were  easily  discerned.  In  grading  the  streets  some 
years  since  10  or  12  skeletons  were  exhumed,  buried  in  a  sitting  posture,  with 
wampum  and  weapons. 

Auburn  extends  about  12  miles  along  the  west  side  of  Androscoggin  river, 
its  greatest  length  being  nearly  15  miles,  with  an  average  width  of  4|  miles. 
Its  area  is  over  50  square  miles,  one-sixth  water.  It  is  surrounded  by  Turner 
on  the  north,  Lewiston  on  the  east,  Durham  on  the  southeast.  New  Gloucester 
on  the  southwest,  Poland  and  Minot  on  the  west  and  northwest.  It  includes 
the  east  half  of  the  original  town  of  Minot  and  the  town  of  Danville,  originally 
Pejepscot.  The  title  to  the  Minot  portion  comes  from  Massachusetts  through 
the  Glover  and  Bridgham  purchase,  and  that  of  the  Danville  portion  from  the 
Pejepscot  Company.  The  first  white  settlements  were  on  the  hard  wood  high- 
lands away  from  the  river,  and  that  part  now  most  thickly  populated  was  left 
untouched  many  years.  Auburn  is  connected  with  Lewiston  by  two  public 
and  two  railroad  bridges,  and  has  the  best  of  shipping  facilities.  The  conditions 
for  farming,  gardening,  fruit-raising,  and  stock-breeding  within  its  limits  are 
excellent ;  the  rural  population  is  intelligent  and  enterprising,  and  the  two 
cities  afford  excellent  home  markets. 

The  surface  is  undulating,  without  mountains,  but  hills  and  glens  introduce 
mountain  features  into  the  landscape.  From  the  elevations,  some  of  them 
several  hundreds  of  feet  above  the  bed  of  the  Androscoggin,  a  panorama  is 


City  of  Auburn.  601 


presented  extending  to  the  White  Mountains  in  the  west,  easterly  across  the 
Kennebec,  south  and  southeasterly  to  the  Atlantic,  and  northerly  to  the  region 
of  mountain  and  pine.  Lake  Auburn,  formerly  Wilson's  Pond,  is  a  lovely 
sheet  of  water  four  miles  long,  and  two  miles  wide  in  its  broadest  place,  of  clear 
and  pure  water.  It  is  the  natural  reservoir  from  which  the  city  is  supplied 
with  water,  and  its  shores  are  sought  as  a  summer  resort  and  for  cottages. 
Taylor  Pond  is  a  smaller  body  of  water  of  577  acres  southwest  of  Lake  Auburn. 
Little  Androscoggin  river  winds  through  the  city  for  several  miles,  rushes  over 
rapids  and  a  fall  of  70  feet,  and  empties  into  the  great  river  at  the  foot  of  the 
hill  where  it  pleases  us  to  think  was  located  the  historic  fort  captured  in  1690 
by  Major  Benjamin  Church,  and  at  the  place  where  Edward  Little,  Esq., 
chose  his  last  resting-place  and  was  first  buried. 

Auburn  is  noted  for  its  valuable  farms  and  wealthy  farmers.  The  stock 
farm  of  B.  F.  &  F.  H.  Briggs  has  a  national  reputation,  is  one  of  the  leading 
farms  of  the  state,  and  the  only  farm  on  earth  owning  a  full  brother  or  sister 
to  two  trotters  with  records  better  than  2.11 :  Warrener,  full  brother  to  Sunol 
2.101,  and  Sadie  L.,  full  sister  to  Nelson  2.10.  Grenadier,  one  of  their  yearling 
colts,  trotted  a  half  mile  in  1891  in  1.481.  Daniel  Lowell,  E.  R.  Given,  P.  W. 
and  Wallace  R.  Dill,  L  T.  Waterman,  Ansel  Briggs,  Henry  Merrill,  J.  R. 
Learned,  Horace  B.  Richardson  (stock  and  market  gardening),  I.  V.  McKenney 
(market  gardener)  have  much  capital  invested  in  their  farms.  Among  other 
successful  farmers  are  Z.  T.  Newell,  the  capable  superintendent  of  the  city 
farm,  Seth  Briggs,  J.  H.  Moore,  J.  W.  Ricker,  S.  G.  Tribou,  George  H.  Dilling- 
ham, C.  H.  Record.  Charles  L.  Cushman  is  paying  attention  to  the  breeding 
of  fine  horses,  and  his  stable  and  stock  attract  many  visitors. 

Early  Settlers  and  Lots. — From  a  j)lan  of  "a  tract  of  land  lying  in  Poland 
containing  about  18,000  acres  including  the  lands  disclaimed  by  the  proprietors 
of  Bakerstown,  with  each  settler's  lot  thereon  with  their  names  wrote  in  red," 
surveyed  in  August,  September,  and  October,  1798,  by  Philip  Bullen  according 
to  a  resolve  passed  b}^  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts,  February  7,  1798,  we 
take  these  names  of  the  early  Minot  (Auburn)  settlers.  11,16.5|  acres  were 
then  laid  out  to  actual  and  prospective  residents,  7,694  remaining  unoccupied. 

Commencing  at  East  Auburn  the  large  lot  48  containing  the  outlet  and  mills  and 
stretching  nearly  to  the  Androscoggin  was  occupied  by  Samuel  Berry.  Going  around  Lake 
Auburn  by  the  south  and  west  we  find  the  lots  in  this  order :  William  Briggs  No.  49, 
Arauua  Briggs  59,  Wm  Briggs,  Jr,  GO,  A.  Dwinell  23,  vacant  24,  Wm  Woodward  65,  Elijah 
Record  64,  John  Todd  63,  Squire  Caswell  62,  Samuel  Jackson  61,  James  Packard  36,  Joel 
Simmons  33,  Joseph  Daws  32,  Cushing  Daws  31,  Job  Caswell  28,  Isaac  Washburn  23, 
Nicholas  Bray  22,  Nathan  Niles  21,  John  Staples  16,  Simeon  Caswell  15,  David  Head  103, 
[These  last  three  include  the  head  of  the  lake.]  James  Willis  5,  Edward  Packard  46,  Jacob 
Packard  45,  Alnathan  Packard  38,  Elijah  Fisher  40,  vacant  18.  No.  49  on  the  Androscoggin 
is  vacant ;  this  commences  at  the  Danville  line,  runs  120  rods  along  the  Androscoggin  and 
280  back  from  the  river  along  the  same  line.    Going  up  the  river  the  lots  above  this  are  in 


602  History  of  Andeoscoggin  County. 


consecutive  order  A.  Dwinell  55,  Caleb  Lincoln  58,  Joshua  Taylor  54  and  58  back  of  the 
first,  Thomas  Taylor  53  and  57  in  the  rear.  On  53  is  the  mouth  of  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Auburn.  Next  is  Benjamin  Pettingill  52,  Philip  Peasley  51,  [The  Taylors,  Pettingill,  and 
Peasley  were  here  in  1795.]  four  vacant  lots  21,  20,  19,  16,  Thomas  Little  50,  John  Dilling- 
ham 44,  Elijah  Record  43,  42,  Wm  Francis  41,  joining  Turner.  Back  of  Francis  on  the 
north  line  11,  4,  3  were  vacant;  then  came  Wm  True  1,  Daniel  Briggs  9,  and  2  in  north 
corner  vacant.  Just  north  of  Elijah  Fisher's  lot  40  were  Nathaniel  Ingersol  8,  Zibe  Eaton's 
heirs  13,  and  the  west  part  of  14  Isaac  Allen.  The  east  part  of  14  was  settled  by  Amos 
Harvey.  North  of  Eaton  and  Allen  was  B.  Beals  12,  north  of  Ingersol  was  9,  occupied  by 
T.  Abbott  and  Wm  Francis;  north  of  this  Nathaniel  Ingersol  also  owned  lot  10.  The  tier 
of  lots  west  of  these  last  going  toward  A.  Packard's  38,  were  Abel  Allen  5  and  6,  Lemuel 
Nash  7,  Alexander  Monroe  39.  Abel  Allen  has  another  6  laid  out  back  of  5.  South  of  this 
is  Jeremiah  Dillingham  7,  Isaac  Dillingham  8,  Jacob  Leavitt  47.V^West  of  these  and  south 
of  Wm  True  1,  are  John  Dillingham  2,  Wm  True  3,  George  Tow[n]send  4  to  James  Willis 
5.  West  of  2,  are  Gershom  Holmes  10,  Joseph  Johnson  11 ;  south  of  11  are  Asa  Haskell 
12  ,  and  Samuel  Bowens  13.  West  of  4  is  Zenas  Whitman  14,  and  following  south  on  the 
curve  line  next  to  2  is  Noah  Harvey  1,  Elijah  Bates  18,  Noah  Bates  17,  Dimon  Perry  19,1 
Eogers  Terrell  20,  Timothy  Bailey  24,  Israel  Bailey  26,  Timothy  Bailey  24  again,  Henry 
Jackson  25,  Benjamin  Clifford  30,  Isaac  Nason  68.  James  Jewett  69  stretches  along  and 
abuts  on  Taylor  Pond.  Perez  Andrews  27  is  between  B.  Clifford  30  and  Job  and  Wm 
Caswell  28  and  34.  Aaron  Dwiual  29  is  southwest  of  Andrews  27,  and  towards  Lake  Auburn 
from  29  is  Zecbariah  Chickering35  and  Benjamin  Noyes  71,  who  also  has  another  71  appar- 
ently a  corner  of  the  large  James  Parker  lot  70,  lying  just  southwest  and  touching  the 
head  of  Taylor  Pond. 

East  of  Parker's  lot  is  37  settled  by  Christopher  Young  and  Abiel  Lapham.  South  of 
Jewett  69,  between  Taylor  Pond  and  the  curve  line  are  John  Downing  72,  Henry  Sawtel 
74,  Nehemiah  Sawtel  75  ;  next  below  74  and  75  is  Israel  Bray  73 ;  east  of  Bray  is  28  vacant, 
and  Seth  Chandler  29.  Michael  Welcome  73  comes  next  on  the  curve  line,  following  this 
line  Daniel  Jumper  82,  Moses  Emery  83,  Ephraim  Chubb  84,  and  78  vacant  brings  us  to  the 
Little  Androscoggin.  Down  this  stream  are  Merrow  35  and  77  vacant,  Widow  Sarah 
Emerson  86,  Thomas  Bailey  87,  92,  [He  is  said  to  have  built  Nason's  mill  in  1780.]  Benjamin 
Thombs  93  and  38,  Jonathan  Emerson  91  adjoining  Danville,  and  David  and  Nathaniel 
Small  94  on  Danville  line  north  of  the  stream.  [This  settlement  dates  to  1780.  In  1786 
John  Nason  owned  a  mill,  and  besides  these  here  given  Daniel  Moody,  Daniel  Libby,  and 
Samuel  Starbird  lived  here  in  1791.]  Benjamin  Coombs  89,  Samuel  Bailey  90,  vacant  72, 
lie  along  the  Danville  line  south  of  91.  Lots  71,  73,  74,  T.  Little  75  and  76,  lie  in  the  corner 
south  of  the  Little  Androscoggin.  Wm  Cordwell  78,  Stephen  Safford  11^  James  Hodgkins 
80,  Samuel  Downing,  Jr,  79,  James  Manuel  85,  Thomas  Downing  81,  Samuel  Downing  81, 
Varney  on  31,  vacant  lots  32  and  34,  T.  Little,  Z.  Eaton,  and  W.  Harris  30  are  west  of 
Taylor  Pond.  On  the  shore  of  the  pond  next  below  32  are  B.  Thomb  and  Stephen  Rowe 
on  33.  The  outlet  of  the  pond  lies  on  70  vacant.  Down  the  outlet  we  find  Dwinel  66,  Noah 
Hersey  69,  Thomas  Seabury  on  67,  N.  Hersey  and  N.  Eveleth  on  68,  Jacob  Stevens  97,  Elias 
Merrill  98,  Joseph  Lamb  100.  Next  to  49  on  the  Danville  line  Joseph  Welch  has  a  small 
narrow  lot  101.  This  is  nearly  surrounded  by  48  which  also  joins  49.  Further  back  on 
Danville  line  are  47,  46,  T.  L.  45.  Between  Taylor  Pond  outlet  and  the  Little  Andros- 
coggin are  these  other  lots:  Nathan  Nason  95,  John  Nason  96,  Nathaniel  Ingersol  44  and  37, 

iPerryville  takes  its  name  from  him.  He  resided  there  many  years  until  he  was  killed  by  being 
thrown  from  his  wagon  while  loading  hay.  Among  his  children  were  Isaac,  Noah,  Ruhamah  (Mra 
Abram  Allen),  Rachel,  Bethiah  (Mrs  Levi  Perry),  David  B. 


City  of  Auburn.  603 


B.  Thomb  43,  B.  Thomb  and  J.  Boyd  on  40,  Pulsifer  &  Nason  36,  and  34,  39,  41,  42  vacant. 
East  of  Taylor  Pond  on  its  shore  are  S.  Row  65,  Asa  Whitmarsh  64,  62,  W.  Harris,  Zibe 
Eaton,  T.  Little  63.  Next  to  62  toward  Danville  is  E.  Welch  61,  next  M.  Collier  and 
Deacon  Perkins  on  60;  next  toward  Danville  is  59  marked  T.  Little;  "Sold  to  John  Ran- 
deil,"  and  next  to  this  we  find  Moses  Allen  and  J.  Gott"  on  5L  Lot  .50  is  marked  S.  Row 
and  west  of  50  and  51  is  the  large  lot  of  Elias  Merrill  99.  Between  49  [the  location  of 
Auburn  city  proper]  and  West  Auburn  we  find  these  lots  and  owners.  Elijah  Hackett  and 
E.  WasLiburn  .52,  David  Davis  53,  James  Perkins  .54,  Nathaniel  Ingersol  27,  George  Curtis 
25,  John  Gowell  and  Moses  Allen  67,  John  Lowering.  East  of  53  and  54  are  Henry  Frost 
56  and  Samuel  Berry,  Jr,  57,  while  north  of  these  are  Darius  White  on  26  and  Jonathan 
Nash  on  22. 

These  are  the  "old  families,"  and  many  of  their  descendants  are  living  in 
the  Auburn  of  to-day. 

The  Toivn  of  Auhurn  was  incorporated  February  24,  1842,  from  "  all  that 
part  of  Minot  lying  easterly  of  the  curve  line  (so  called)."  The  first  town 
meeting  met  at  the  Congregational  meetingdiouse  at  West  Auburn,  March  7, 
1842,  the  call  being  signed  by  Elisha  Stetson,  John  Smith,  William  B.  Merrill, 
Benjamin  Given,  Charles  Little,  Thomas  B.  Little.  Auburn  paid  Minot  $1,000 
to  equalize  the  expenses  of  bridges.  In  1843  15  school  districts  were  estab- 
lished, in  1845  a  town  house  was  located  at  Young's  Corner,  in  1848  a  town 
farm  was  bought,  price  $950;  it  was  sold  in  1852,  and  in  1854  the  selectmen 
were  authorized  to  purchase  another.  In  1854  there  were  12  votes  cast  for 
Lewiston  as  the  county  seat  and  778  for  Auburn.  This  year  Elm,  Hampshire, 
Pearl,  Pine,  Oak,  Willow,  and  Summer  streets  were  laid  out.  In  1855  a  com- 
mittee was  chosen  to  purchase  a  lot  and  build  a  town  house  in  Lewiston  Falls; 
$4,000  were  appropriated  to  do  this,  and  it  was  voted  to  call  it  Auburn  Hall. 
Town  reports  were  ordered  printed.  In  1856  the  Stetson  farm  was  bought  for 
a  town  farm ;  price,  $1,800.  Up  to  March  1,  1857,  the  amount  of  selectmen's 
orders  from  the  organization  of  the  town  was  $33,883.50 ;  there  was  credited, 
in  addition,  on  treasurer's  books,  $6,654.62  =  $40,538.12.  The  assessments 
during  this  time  were  $38,203.76,  and  the  town  then  owed  $14,275.63,  with 
resources  of  $9,569.35.  In  1856  cast  268  votes  (all  cast)  for  a  state  prohibitory 
law;  School,  Pickard,  Back,  Pleasant,  and  Railroad  streets  were  located,  and 
that  part  of  Danville  north  of  Little  Androscoggin  river  was  annexed  to 
Auburn.  The  growth  was  rapid  now,  and  in  1861  school  district  No.  18  was 
united  to  No.  9,  which  voted  to  hire  $3,350  to  buy  a  lot  and  build  a  school- 
house.  In  1863,  on  the  question  of  allowing  soldiers  in  the  field  to  vote,  687 
votes  were  cast,  all  in  favor.  As  the  wealth  and  importance  increase,  expenses 
rise.  In  1865  $3,200  was  voted  for  schools,  $1,500  for  poor,  $1,200  for 
expenses,  $4,000  for  interest,  $4,000  for  roads,  etc.,  and  $20,000  to  pay  debts. 
In  1866  Auburn  Hall  was  completed  at  a  cost  of  $17,106.69,  and  the  town 
authorized  a  loan  of  $12,000  to  pay  its  building  expenses;  for  digging  the 
cellar  and  building  the  three  brick  stores  on   the  ground  floor.  Increase  B. 


604  History  of  Andeoscoggin  County. 

Kimball  and  Charles  R.  Jordan  are  leased  these  stores  for  45  years  for  one 
dollar  a  year.  This  year  the  town  voted  to  fund  its  debt.  In  1867  Danville 
was  annexed  to  Auburn,  and  in  Marcli  the  town  voted  to  fund  the  debt  of 
Danville,  and  to  purchase  the  fire-engine,  etc.,  of  Auburn  village  corporation. 
In  1868  the  town  cast  215  votes  for,  606  against  incorporating  the  city  of 
Auburn.     In  1869  another  vote  was  had,  452  in  favor,  365  against. 

In  tracing  the  growth,  development,  and  prosperity  of  the  various  hamlets 
that  became  business  centers,  we  take  first  that  locality  now  the  city  proper. 
The  oldest  settlement  in  this  part  of  the  town  was  made  on  Merrill  Hill,  in 
1789,  b}^  Jacob  Stevens,  Benjamin  True,  Jabez  Merrill,  Levi  Merrill,  and 
Daniel  Merrill,  all  of  Turner.  Two  years  later  all  but  Mr  Stevens  sold  their 
betterments  to  Elias  Merrill,  of  New  Gloucester,  who  here  provided  a  home 
for  his  large  family  of  sons,  many  of  whose  descendants  are  now  residing  in 
the  city. 

Goff's  Corner.  In  the  village  that  clustered  around  Goff's  Corner  two 
towns  contributed.  The  line  between  Minot  and  Danville  commenced  "  at  the 
highest  rock  in  the  Androscoggin  at  the  Falls,"  passed  diagonally  across  Court 
street  just  north  of  the  Elm  House,  and  bisected  the  residence  of  Ara  Cush- 
man.  The  first  clearing  was  made  in  1797  by  one  Marr,  near  the  junction  of 
Main  and  Court  streets.  He  sold  his  claim  to  Joseph  Welch,  whose  log  house 
was  the  first  permanent  building.  The  second  was  a  frame  house  built  by  Mr 
Dillingham  in  1798  near  the  Falls  on  Foundry  brook,  where  he  erected  a  grist- 
mill. The  next  house  was  a  log  one,  built  nearl}^  opposite  the  Edward  Little 
house  by  Solomon  Wood.  The  growth  for  20  years  was  slow.  By  the  coming 
of  Edward  Little  in  1819  an  element  of  prosperity  was  introduced.  In  1822 
Jacob  Read  removed  a  small  building  from  Lewiston  on  the  ice  to  the  site  of 
Goff  Block  for  the  first  store,  and  also  opened  the  first  public  house.  James 
Goff  became  Read's  partner  in  merchandising,  and  bought  store  and  goods  in 
1823.  In  1823  the  toll-bridge  across  the  Androscoggin  (superseding  the  ferry 
that  had  done  duty  since  1812)  was  completed,  an  accomplishment  of  great 
advantage  to  "  Pekin,"  as  the  village  was  called.  The  toll-house  stood  on  the 
site  of  Bradbury's  livery  stable,  and  the  rates  of  toll  are  preserved.  James  O. 
Emery  was  toll-taker,  but  soon  was  succeeded  by  John  Smith.  Foot  passen- 
gers 2  cents,  horse  and  wagon  10  cents,  chaise  16  cents,  four-wheeled  phaetons 
32  cents,  sheep  1  cent,  oxen  4  cents.  Mrs  Charles  Clark  says:  "In  1826, 
besides  James  Goff's  store,  Stephen  Lowell  had  a  small  store  on  the  site  of 
Robinson's  drug  store ;  Edward  Little,  Esq.,  a  law  office  nearly  opposite  Goff's 
store  on  the  river  side.  Barker  Brooks  had  a  blacksmith  shop  south  of  this. 
Just  below  Mr  Little's  office  Orra  Raynes  had  a  millinery  shop,  and  below 
Goff's  store  was  Jonathan  Raynes's  building,  shop,  and  house.  This  stood 
where  Mechanics  Savings  liank  stands.  Jacob  Read's  tavern  was  next.  It  had 
one  and  one-half  stories,  and  a  busy  place  it  was.     Daniel  Welch  and  Manning 


City  of  Aubuen.  605 


lived  lower  down.  These  were  all  the  buildings.  In  1826  the  Edward  Little 
residence  was  built.  Joseph  Winslow  lived  some  ways  above  the  Elm  House, 
James  Goff  on  the  site  of  Auburn  Hall,  Godfrey  Lane  above  Winslow's.  The 
Robinson  store  was  built  in  1831  by  Thomas  and  Josiah  Little.  In  1835  it  was 
sold  to  James  Goff,  Jr,  who  sold  to  Rev.  Mr  Stone,  who  kept  a  general  store." 
In  1833  there  were  two  merchants,  James  Goff  and  J.  D.  Dickinson.  In  1835 
Edward  Little  built  a  carpet  factory  on  the  brook  near  West  Pitch.  Thomas 
B.  Little  was  agent  and  a  flourishing  business  was  done  until  it  was  burned 
about  1840.  From  1845  to  1848  C.  P.  True  &  Co.  (of  which  A.  C.  Denison 
was  the  chief  member)  did  an  annual  business  of  from  !S75,000  to  $100,000 
near  the  bridge,  their  store  standing  nearly  on  the  site  of  Bradbury's  stable. 
They  bought  enormous  quantities  of  clover  seed,  pork,  etc.,  keeping  many 
four-horse  teams  busy  in  hauling  them  to  Portland. 

As  early  as  1826  the  Minot  part  was  large  enough  to  support  a  school,  and 
the  old  red  school-house,  which  stood  until  1854,  was  built  opposite  "the 
patch  "  clay  bank.  The  street  then  went  past  the  site  of  the  carpet  factory. 
Turner  street  had  not  been  located  and  the  ground  was  covered  with  thick 
bushes.  Some  of  the  teachers  were  Robert  Martin,  Joseph,  Sarah,  and  Mary 
Frye,  Charles  and  Harriet  Chase.  From  1826  to  1848  religious  services  were 
held  here.  The  first  teacher  at  Goff's  Corner  was  Orra  Raynes,  the  first 
milliner.  She  married  Joseph  D.  Davis,  the  merchant,  and  is  living  at  an 
advanced  age,  in  her  quaint  brick  house  with  its  garden  of  old-fashioned 
flowers,  on  Court  street,  next  to  Auburn  Hall. 

Maine  Hotel. — This  stands  on  the  site  of  one  of  the  first  frame  houses.  It 
was  one  and  one-half  stories  high  when  built  by  Zebina  Hunt  before  1818,  but 
used  as  a  dwelling  until  purchased  for  a  tavern  by  Jacob  Read  in  1822.  Hunt 
was  the  ferryman  for  many  years.  Elisha  Keene  bought  Read's  hotel  in  1829. 
Edward  Little  bought  it  to  stop  the  sale  of  liquor,  and  leased  it  in  1841  to 
James  F.  Davis,  who  later  became  owner.  He  enlarged  the  house,  named  it 
Maine  Hotel,  and  conducted  it  with  great  success  for  30  years.  It  was  always 
the  stopping  place  of  the  stages,  and  a  temperance  tavern.^  Since  Mr  Davis's 
occupancy  there  have  been  several  landlords. 

Elm  House  was  built  in  1830  by  Josiah  Little  as  a  residence.  He  set  out 
the  elms  which  gave  the  hotel  name,  and  a  fine  flower  garden  surrounded  it. 
In  1836  John  A.  Briggs  bought  it,  and  in  1845  it  was  made  a  public  house  by 
Joel  C.  Lane.  He  was  succeeded  by  several  others  before  William  S.  Young 
took  possession  in  1853.  September  1,  1867,  W.  S.  &  A.  Young,  nephews  of 
William  S.,  succeeded  him  until  1877,  then  W.  S.  was  proprietor  11  years, 
L.  C.  Dunham  and  then  A.  B.  Latham  followed  for  brief  periods.     The  new 

1  James  F.  Davis  was  son  of  Joseph  Davis,  of  Danville.     He  was  a  blacksmith  at  Goff's  Corner  in 
1831,  from  1839  to  1841  a  merchant  in  the  Thomas  Little  store.    He  was  one  of  the  earliest  Odd  Fellows. 


606  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Elm  House,  one  of  the  most  convenient  hotels  in  Maine,  was  opened  by  its 
former  popular  landlords,  W.  S.  &  A.  Young,  August  22,  1891. 

Increase  in  Values. — Some  idea  of  the  development  of  Auburn  may  be  given 
from  the  increase  in  the  value  of  land.  In  1821  Jacob  Read  owned  ten  acres 
of  land  between  Goff's  Corner  and  Maine  Hotel.  It  was  covered  with  bushes 
and  unproductive,  and  when  a  man  offered  him  a  horse  for  "  them  ten  acres  " 
Mr  Read  thought  the  offer  high  enough  but  did  not  trade.  Mr  Read,  in  1823, 
sold  James  Goff  one-half  acre  including  the  corner  for  f  100.  About  the  same 
time  he  sold  one-half  acre  fronting  Main  street  to  Jonathan  Raynes  for  $100. 
In  1831  Mr  Read  bought  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building  for 
150,  and  built  the  Auburn  House.  In  1875  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  paid  $4,500  for 
the  property.  The  Lewiston  Journal  in  1876  says  this  of  the  rapid  rise  in  value 
of  real  estate  in  Auburn  :  "  Charles  Clark  states  that  Edward  Little  received 
$6,000  of  the  Water-Power  Company  for  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Lewiston  and 
Auburn.  The  land  now  owned  by  the  Little  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Co. 
was  sold  for  $40,000.  Now  the  company  sells  50  x  90  feet  lots  for  from  $500  to 
$800.  40  years  ago  all  the  land  between  Elm,  High,  and  Court  streets  was 
offered  for  $1,500.  Now  it  is  worth  $500,000.  28  years  ago  Kimball  &  Dingley 
paid  $800  for  a  25  x  68  foot  lot  where  the  store  of  Dingley  &  Brewster  stands. 
Now  worth  $3,500.  25  years  ago  a  lot  on  Pleasant  street,  valued  at  $2,500 
was  sold  for  $300.  F.  M.  Jordan  27  years  ago  paid  $250  for  the  lot  he  sold  to 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  in  1878  for  $6,000.  Mr  Hersey  gave  $350  26  years 
ago  for  the  Benjamin  Dunn  lot,  now  worth  $4,000.  Ten  years  ago  Thomas 
Vosmus  paid  $250  for  a  lot  on  Laurel  street,  now  worth  $1,000.  Charles  Dunn 
paid  $600  in  1862  for  his  brick-yard.  The  property  is  valued  at  $10,000.  N. 
B.  Reynolds  asked  $800  in  1868  for  7i  acres  south  of  the  Little  Androscoggin 
property  on  the  river  road,  now  worth  $13,000.  H.  R.  Smith  gave  $600  for 
7^  acres  next  north  of  Mr  Loring,  now  worth  $4,000.  Judge  Goddard  20  years 
ago  paid  $700  for  all  the  land  on  the  hill  east  of  Judge  May's.  He  has  sold 
over  $9,000  worth,  and  has  a  $2,500  slice  left.  Charles  Ingalls  25  years  ago 
paid  $800  for  a  lot  now  valued  at  $3,000.  Mr  Jordan  paid  $325  17  years  ago 
for  the  lot  next  south,  now  worth  $2,000."  These  are  not  isolated  cases,  but 
all  through  the  city  proper  a  similar,  and,  in  some  cases,  a  greater  increase  is 
shown  down  to  1891. 

The  railroad  reached  Auburn  in  1848,  and  the  village  began  to  grow  rapidly. 
In  1849  it  became  a  part  of  Lewiston  Falls  village.  The  formation  of  Andros- 
coggin county  in  1854,  the  location  of  the  county  seat  at  Auburn,  and  erection 
of  the  county  buildings  attracted  business  and  professional  men.  The  growth 
of  the  village  was  now  assured  and  a  nucleus  formed  for  a  great  manufacturing 
and  business  city. 


City  of  Auburn.  607 


The  business  houses  in  1851  were:  Stoves,  hardware,  etc.,  J.  D.  Davis  &  Co.;  dry  goods,  groceries, 
etc.,  J.  H.  Roak  &  Co.,  Cobb,  Bartlett  &  Co.,  G.  H.  Ambrose,  B.  Hersey,  C.  H.  Rice,  Clark  & 
Mudgett;  apothecaries,  Rowe  &  Reynolds;  blacksmiths,  Albert  Folsom,  Strout  &  Stinchfleld;  books, 
stationery,  etc.,  McKenney  &  Hall,  A.  W.  Hall;  boots,  shoes,  etc.,  J.  H.  Roak  &  Co.,  G.  H.  Ambrose, 

Pray  &  French,  Sumner  Wood;  furniture,  Jesse  Fuller;  carpenters, Moore,  John  Wilson,  Alfred 

Townsend,  John  Simpson;  carriage-makers,  Thayer  &  Perry,  E.  L.  Townsend,  A.  W.  Allen;  civil 
engineer,  W.  A.  Williams;  clothing,  G.  M.  French,  Levi  Gould;  daguerreotypes,  Henry  Baldwin,  Jr; 
dentist,  D.  B.  Strout;  express  offices,  Longley  &  Co.  (G.  W.  Foss,  agent),  Winslow  &  Co.  (A.  Town, 
agent);  harnesses,  J.  P.  Longley,  Lyman  Wood;  hats,  caps,  and  furs,  Charles  H.  Rice,  Levi  Gould, 
Sumner  Wood,  G.  M.  French;  iron  founders,  Nathaniel  French  &  Sons;  machinist,  J.  C.  French; 
marble  works,  H.  R.  Smith;  masons,  Elbridge  Coffin,  C.  W.  Kyle,  B.  Wentworth,  Moses  Wentworth, 
S.  G.  Alden,  John  Levett;  musical  instruments,  Freeman  Newell;  painters,  Herman  Holt,  Isaac 
Haskell,  H.  V.  Daggett,  Horace  Bradford,  Thomas  Storah,  H.  C.  Thayer;  provisions,  F.  B.  Cobb, 
James  Goff,  Jr,  Knight  &  Vickery,  Stephen  Rowe,  Joseph  Lufkin;  Elm  House,  J.  C.  Lane;  Maine 
Hotel,  J.  F.  Davis;  Eagle  Hotel,  W.  S.  Young;  restaurants,  Ingalls  &  Son,  Seward  Goss,  Jones  & 
Hicks;  surveyor,  Thomas  B.  Little;  tailors,  S.  A.  Niles,  C.  Tribou,  C.  W.  Whitney;  tanners,  Rigby  & 
Miller;  toll  collector,  Hanson  Cook;  watches  and  jewelry,  McKenney  &  Hall,  A.  W.  Hall;  variety 
stores,  R.  Dexter,  D.  Stinson  &  Co. 

The  G-reat  Fire. —  August  17,  1855,  a  fire  destroyed  the  buildings  on  both 
sides  of  Court  street  from  Goff's  Corner  to  Auburn  Hall,  and  on  Main  street 
to  Maine  Hotel.  It  burned  Miller  &  Randall's  tannery,  Union  Hall,  the  large 
brick  block  of  Newell,  Haskell  &  Co.,  20  stores,  l  dwellings,  and  numerous 
offices.  The  losses  were:  Miller,  Randall  &  Co.,  15,000;  Barker  Brooks, 
12,000;  F.  Newell,  |2,600 ;  Isaac  Haskell,  $2,200;  N.  G.  Sturgis,  $2,500; 
Joseph  Lufkin,  $1,500;  Auburn  Bank,  $400;  A.  Bailey,  $4,000;  Hall  & 
Briggs,  $300;  R.  Dexter,  $300;  P.  Dyer,  $400;  James  Goff,  Jr,  $9,000; 
Auburn  Hall,  $200;  R.  Ingalls  &  Co.,  $1,500;  Josiah  Stone,  $700;  E.  T. 
Little,  $900;  A.  T.  Bean,  $2,200 ;  Ruf us  Penley,  $5,000;  Wm  Penley,  $1,500; 
A.W.Hall,  $800;  Strout  &  Woodbury,  $500;  Josiah  Little,  $1,400;  N.  B. 
Reynolds,  $4,500 ;  Small  &  Littlefield,^$750;  J.  Dingley,  Jr,  &  Co.,  $9,500; 
Roak,  Packard  &  Co.,  $13,000;  Sumner  Wood,  Jr,  &  Co.,  $300;  John  Penley, 
$800 ;  with  others  making  a  loss  of  $75,000,  with  insurance  of  $35,000. 

Auhnrn  Village  Corporation  (chartered  March  14,  1850,  powers  increased 
April  4,  185(3,)  was  a  successor  to  the  Lewiston  Falls  village  corporation, 
chartered  July  30,  1849,  and  was  organized  mainly  to  provide  means  for 
extinguishing  fires.  It  had  power  to  raise  money  for  a  night  watch  and  police 
force,  etc.,  and  continued  active  in  maintaining  a  fire  department  until  1867. 
The  first  officers  were:  Ambrose  Herriman,  clerk;  Edward  T.  Little,  Nelson 
Dingley,  John  R.  Merrill,  assessors;  Philip  A.  Briggs,  treasurer;  Charles 
Clark,  chief  engineer;  S.  P.  Miller,  W.  H.  Waldron,  George  L.  Drink  water, 
assistant  engineers ;  Benjamin  Dunn,  Asa  P.  Miller,  Thomas  Littlefield, 
Andrew  C.  Pettingill,  John  R.  Merrill,  policemen. 

A  fire  department  had  been  maintained  from  October  30,  1849,  when 
"Excelsior  Engine  Company,  No.  2,"  was  formed  with  57  members.  Jesse  S. 
Lyford^  was  the  first  foreman,  G.  W.  Foss  and  Orrin  B.  Morse,  assistants. 
This  company  did  good  service  for  its  equipment. 

iThen  a  merchant  of  Auburn;  later  a  mayor  of  Lewiston  and  prominent  in  affairs. 


608  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Manufacturing  increased  steadily  during  the  Civil  War  and  a  healthy 
growth  continued  with  no  intermission  until  the  adoption  of  the  city  charter. 

East  Auburn  was  early  an  important  business  point.  Here  a  grist-mill  was 
built  in  1793  by  Samuel  Berry  (who  soon  built  a  saw-mill),  and  many  a  bag  of 
corn  was  brought  on  the  shoulders  of  the  hardy  pioneers  to  be  made  into  meal. 
Mr  Berry  was  from  Cobbossecontee.  On  the  lot  south  (49)  in  1797  William 
Briggs,  with  a  large  family,  made  his  home  on  the  place  now  owned  by  Royal 
J.  Bradbury,  and  he  built  a  grist-mill  in  1799.  On  the  hard  wood  lots  of  land 
in  this  vicinity  were  in  1798  residing,  making  quite  a  community  for  those 
days,  having  a  school,  taught  by  Daniel  Briggs,  Thomas  Chadbourne,  Elijah 
Fisher  from  Taunton  on  lot  40,  Arauna  Briggs  on  lot  59,  John  Dillingham 
from  Dighton  on  lot  54,  Elijah  Record  on  lots  42  and  43,  William  Francis  on 
part  of  lot  9.  A  Baptist  society  was  formed,  and  a  church  built  in  1819.  The 
mill  privilege  attracted  settlers  and  about  1827  a  carding  mill  was  built  by 
Zenas  Whitman  and  operated  until  18<)0,  when  it  became  the  furniture  factory 
of  Bradford  &  Conant.  In  1859  there  were  35  dwellings,  several  shoe  shops, 
2  stores,  2  shoe  factories,  1  brush  factory,  1  carding  machine,  1  peg  factory,  1 
grist-mill,  1  saw-mill,  1  shingle,  1  clapboard,  and  1  planing  machine.  Here 
have  been  made  also  shook,  sugar-boxes,  staves,  bobbins,  and  shoe-pegs.  Earl 
Blossom  built  a  peg  factory  in  1846,  which  was  conducted  20  years.  The 
manufacture  of  brushes  was  carried  on  quite  extensively,  C.  White  in  1869 
making  -^10,000  worth.  There  is  now  some  manufacturing,  J.  P.  Vickery  & 
Co.'s  grist-mill,  two  or  three  small  stores,  and  a  Baptist  church.  The  village 
is  the  summer  termination  of  the  Lewiston  &  Auburn  horse  railroad.  The 
little  steamer  that  plies  across  the  lake  has  here  its  eastern  landing.  A  fine 
grove  attracts  many  visitors  and  picnic  parties  in  summer.  In  this  part  of  the 
town  dwells  Ira  T.  Waterman,  who  has  taken  more  premiums  on  farm  exhibits 
at  the  State  Fair  than  any  other  man  in  Maine.  In  1891  he  had  35  exhibits 
and  took  35  premiums.  He  has  a  productive  farm  and  a  handsome  set  of 
buildings.  He  is  of  Pilgrim  stock  and  descends  from  early  settlers.  (See 
Minot.) 

West  Auburn  is  finely  situated  on  an  elevated  ridge  of  land  on  the  west  side 
of  Lake  Auburn.  Its  location,  750  feet  above  tide  water,  gives  pure  air  and  a 
magnificent  outlook.  To  the  east  stretches  Lake  Auburn,  with  its  1,807  acres 
of  water  surface,  and  beyond,  a  pleasing  rural  landscape.  James  Parker,  John 
Nason,  John  Downing,  Israel  Bray,  Samuel  Verrill,  and  Benjamin  Noyes  were 
the  first  settlers,  locating  here  in  1789.  In  1798  most  of  them  gave  preference 
to  locations  on  Taylor  Pond,  and  a  colony  from  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  James 
Packard,  Asaph  Howard,  John  C.  Crafts,  James  Perkins,  Asahel  Kingsley,  and 
others,  were  in  possession  by  1800.  Mr  Perkins  was  an  iron  worker;  did 
blacksmithing,  made  wrought  nails,  hoes,  shovels,  axes,  and  other  implements 
and  tools  used  by  the  settlers,  and  tradition  tells  that  in  the  War  of  1812  his 


City  of  Auburn.  609 


skill  was  utilized  to  make  gun-barrels,  knives,  razors,  and  tobacco  pipes.  A 
flourishing  village  had  grown  by  1810,  a  Congregational  church  formed,  and 
the  East  meeting-house  built  (the  frame  raised  Ma}'-  25,  1805),  and  here  Rev. 
Jonathan  Scott  preached  and  prayed.  A  post-office  was  located  here  in  1833, 
but  a  village  was  not  developed  until  the  Minot  Shoe  Company  was  established 
in  1835.  At  this  time  there  were  but  four  dwellings  within  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  of  the  post-office.  For  over  30  years  shoe  manufacturing  gave  life  to  the 
village;  in  one  year  il20,000  worth  were  made.  The  leading  manufacturers 
were  C.  S.  Packard  &  Co.,  and  James  Munroe  &  Co.  The  cessation  of  manu- 
facturing largely  depopulated  the  village.  L.  Packard  now  wholesales  wood 
and  lumber,  and  E.  S.  Crafts  is  in  tiade.  The  erection  of  the  commodious 
Grand  View  House,  combined  with  the  high  altitude,  pure  air  and  water,  and 
charming  diversity  of  scenery  make  it  an  enjoyable  summer  resort. 

North  Auburn.  The  original  proprietors  of  the  lots  of  this  section,  settling 
here  from  1785  to  1795,  were  David  Head,  Simeon  Caswell,  and  John  Staples. 
There  was  not  much  improvement  for  some  j'^ears,  only  a  small  mill  erected  by 
Caswell,  but  in  1802  Isaac  Brett  purchased  this  mill  and  built  another.  In 
1815  he  sold  to  Timothy  Bailey.  In  1818  there  were  five  dwellings  near  the 
mills,  one  built  by  Mr  Brett,  one  by  Nathan  Warren,  one  by  Artemas  Warren, 
one  by  Chesley  Hatch,  and  another  by  David  Warren  and  Artemas  Brown. 
In  1820  Nehemiah  and  his  son,  Stephen  Packard,  bought  the  mill  property,^ 
and  in  1825  Joseph  S.  Sargent  built  a  tannery.  The  old  mail  route  to  the 
upper  towns  passed  through  the  village  and  made  it  a  central  location.  Oliver 
Pollard  kept  a  popular  stage  tavern,  and  was  the  first  j^ostmaster  of  Centre 
Minot  post-office,  established  in  1825.  His  hotel  was  later  for  many  years  the 
home  of  Gen.  Eliphalet  Packard,  and  its  site  was  occupied  in  1888  by  the  fine 
residence  of  Lucius  Packard.  Business  improved  and  steady  addition  was 
made  to  the  population.  Bradford  &  Conant  bought  one-third  of  the  water 
privilege  in  1848  and  built  a  machine  shop,  and  furniture  factory;  in  1851  the 
grist-mills  of  S.  Packard,  the  machine  shop,  the  furniture  manufactory,  and  the 
tannery  of  S.  D.  Harris  were  burned.  All  were  rebuilt  except  the  tannery. 
In  1859  there  were  300  inhabitants,  46  dwellings,  1  hotel,  2  stores,  1  saw-mill, 
1  grist-mill,  1  furniture  factory  employing  12  men,  2  blacksmiths,  1  tailor,  1 
milliner  and  maiitua  maker,  2  meeting-houses  and  several  shoe  factories. 
H.  M.  Bearce  &  Co.  the  same  year  made  25,920  pairs  of  copper-toed  shoes 
monthly;  they  also  made  200,000  metallic  tips  monthly.  Three  other  com- 
panies produced  3,828  pairs  of  shoes  monthly.  In  1858  the  Universalist  and 
Methodist  churches  were  built.  In  1874  North  Auburn  Co-operative  Boot  and 
Shoe  Manufacturing  Co.  was  organized  with  127,000  capital,  and  with  George 
Dillingham   clerk,  Timothy  Bailey,   J.   Q.  Edmonds,  John    E.   Ashe,   Lucius 

1  General  Packard,  so  prominent  in  Louisiana  politics  in  1876,  was  born  here. 


610  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Packard,  Wm  H.  Briggs,  and  Wm  Brackett  directors,  and  did  business  for 
some  years.  Only  a  staid,  pleasant  village  —  a  quiet  hamlet  for  a  summer 
vacation — with  two  traders  of  long  standing,  C.  W.  Bird  and  Isaac  Osgood, 
now  exists.  Its  location  on  Lake  Auburn  gives  splendid  opportunities  for 
boating,  etc.  Lake  Auburn  Mineral  Spring  Company  lias  provided  elegant 
accommodations  for  summer  visitors  in  the  magnificent  Lake  Auburn  Spring 
House,  on  the  picturesque  shores  of  the  lake  which  possesses  characteristics 
of  the  famous  lochs  of  Scotland. 

Stevens  Mills.  Jacob  Stevens  (son  of  Moses,  of  Turner),  of  a  Gloucester, 
Mass.,  family,  came  in  1789  and  settled  on  lot  97  (500  acres),  running  west 
from  Merrill  hill,  with  his  children,  Moses  and  Parker.  He  died  in  1826,  aged 
71.  His  wife,  Martha  Sawyer,  died  in  1829,  aged  76.  His  sons  built  a  saw- 
mill on  Taylor  brook  in  1800,  which  was  operated  until  about  1860  (clapboard, 
shingle,  and  lath  machines  being  added),  passing  through  the  hands  of  Nathan 
Merrill,  George  Pierce,  and  Parsons  &  Willis.  The  latter  took  the  mill  down 
and  flowed  the  ground  to  add  to  the  power  of  their  grist-mill  lower  down. 
Moses  Stevens  built  a  grist-mill  on  the  same  privilege  in  1850.  Parsons  & 
Willis  purchased  it  about  25  years  ago,  and  used  it  some  time  as  a  carding  mill. 
Moses  Stevens  married  Charlotte  Clifford  and  died  in  1871,  aged  91.  Parker 
Stevens  married  Sarah  Merrill  and  died  in  1826,  aged  41.  Children  :  Seba  S. 
(married  a  Haskell),  Sutton  S.  (his  daughter  Melissa  married  Albert  Young,  of 
Auburn),  Sarah  (married  Major  Merrill),  Jacob,  Parker  S.,  Elias  M.  These 
all  settled  here,  and  a  thriving  business  center,  with  stores,  shops,  etc.,  came 
into  being.  Jacob  Davis  was  early  in  trade,  next  James  GoiT,  Jr,  and  then 
Enoch  Littlefield.  Forty-five  years  ago,  out  of  a  school  of  104  scholars,  60 
were  named  Stevens.  Sutton  S.  Stevens,  born  1811,  died  aged  57,  married  (1) 
Phebe  Haskell.  Children  :  Isaiah  S.  (dec),  Lucinda  (Mrs  Lyseth),  Sittton  S. 
She  died  in  1837,  aged  25,  and  Mr  Stevens  married  (2)  Sally  A.  Haskell. 
Children:  Enos  H.;  Phebe  (Mrs  R.  W.  Merrill);  Sarah  (Mrs  A.  R.  Little- 
field);  Charles  H.;  Wendell  S.;  Augusta  A.;  Thomas  J.  (Portland);  Edwin 
L.;  Fred  M.  (California).  J«(?o5 /S'^gyg??.?  married  a  Haskell.  Children:  Simon; 
James  M.;^  Jacob;  Everett;  Wallace;  Anna  (Mrs  Jenkins).  Sutton  S. 
Stevens  (the  oldest  one  of  the  family  living)  married  Fanny  Lambert,  of 
Durham.  Children:  Walter  I.;  Ralph  A.;  Anna  (Mrs  Ulysses  Greenlaw). 
He  occupies  a  farm  of  75  acres,  containing  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  and  is 
a  prosperous  farmer  and  milkman.  Charles  H.  Stevens  married  Mrs  Osgood, 
has  a  productive  farm,  is  a  Universalist,  and,  like  the  Stevenses  generally,  an 
uncompromising  Democrat.  Major  Merrill,  born  April  17,  1810,  has  lived  near 
Stevens  Mills  since  1834 ;  married  Sarah  Stevens.  Among  his  children  are 
Stephen  S.,  Samuel  P.,  William  T.,  and  George  (of  Turner).     Stephen  S.  is 

iHe  has  served  as  overseer  of  the  poor  three  years,  and  has  represented  Ward  2  in  the  city  counciL 


City  of  Aubuen.  611 


the  owner  of  two  farms  of  100  acres,  including  the  homestead.  Among  the 
other  representative  farmers  are  A.  G.  Haskell  and  his  son,  Harry  L.  Hiukell. 
They  have  one  of  the  best  farms,  containing  80  acres,  and  a  valuable  milk 
route.  The  latter  is  a  prominent  Free  Mason  and  has  done  good  service  in 
both  branches  of  the  city  government. 

New  Auburn,  below  the  Little  Androscoggin,  was  created  by  the  erection 
of  Barker  Mill  and  other  operations  of  the  L.  A.  W.  P.  Company,  which  placed 
building  lots  on  sale.  It  is  rapidly  growing.  Broad  street  bridge  brings  it 
close  to  Lewiston,  and  the  Belt  line  horse-cars  give  easy  access  to  that  city. 
Of  late  the  French  have  sought  homes  in  New  Auburn,  and  a  French  Catholic 
chapel  has  been  built  and  a  parochial  school  established  by  the  Dominican 
Fathers  of  Lewiston.  Sixth  street  chapel  is  the  home  of  a  prosperous  Protest- 
ant society.  A  $20,000  public  school  building  is  projected.  Many  buildings 
are  in  process  of  erection  and  there  are  several  business  houses.  Burt  L. 
Alden  <f  Co.,  druggists,  apothecaries,  dealers  in  furnishing  goods,  stationery, 
etc.,  and  manufacturers  of  cigars.  No.  10  Third  street,  established  in  1876  by 
Mr  Alden,  do  a  large  business. 

Isaac  N.  Haskell  cf-  CV>.,  grocers,  dealers  in  meats  and  provisions.  No.  2 
Third  street,  is  tlie  largest  establishment.  This  prosperous  house  was  estab- 
lished about  20  years  ago  by  Skinner  &  Merrill,  and  in  1874  was  purchased  by 
Mr  Haskell,  who  is  prominently  connected  with  public  affairs  and  manu- 
facturing, and  in  1879  the  admission  of  A.  W.  Miller  made  the  firm  of  I.  N. 
Haskell  &  Co. 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 


City  op  Aubuex.  — Its  Growth  and  Prosperity  — Extracts  from  Official  Reports,  etc.— 
Statistics  — Action  iu  the  Rebeiliou —Civil  List. 

THE  charter  for  the  City  of  Auburn  was  adopted  February  22,  1869, 
and  March  4  the  selectmen,  in  compliance  with  the  act  of  incorporation, 
appointed  these  wardens:  G.  D.  Holmes  ward  one,  David  T.  French  ward 
two,  James  O.  Foss  ward  three,  Richard  Dresser  ward  four,  Isaac  Pvounds  ward 
five.  March  8  the  first  city  election  was  held,  and  March  22  the  city  govern- 
ment was  organized.  The  ward  limits  have  remained  as  defined  by  the 
selectmen  in  1869.  The  work  was  well  done  and  the  wards  had  about  equal 
population.  Some  wards  have  lost  since  then,  others  have  largely  gained,  so 
that  the  population  is  unequally  distributed  in  the  present  limits  of  the  wards, 
and  by  an  act  of  the  last  legislature  the  city  is  empowered  to  re-adjust  their 


(jl2  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


lines.  The  population  in  1890  was :  Ward  one,  883  ;  ward  two,  3,430 ;  ward 
three,  1,748;  ward  four,  3,909;  ward  five,  1,285  —  11,250. 

From  the  selectmen's  report  of  March  1,  1868,  we  learn  the  condition  of 
the  town.  The  valuation  on  April  1, 1807,  was  11,679,082,  the  number  of  polls 
1,361,  on  which  was  assessed,  in  1867,  taxes  of  139,423.26.  The  resources 
were  1120,970.68,  the  expenses  $108,983.16.  The  liabilities  were :  bonds  of 
funded  debt  $111,800,  other  bonds  of  Auburn  $4,475,  Danville  bonds,  etc. 
$8,005,  and  incidentals,  making  a  total  of  $124,979.49.  There  was  due  the 
town  $12,809.23,  and  the  amount  required  to  meet  debt  and  interest  was 
$17,724.49.  To  meet  these  the  selectmen  recommended  a  tax  of  $9,000,  and 
estimate  appropriations  as  follows:  schools  $6,000,  poor  and  insane  $2,100, 
current  expenses  $2,500,  finishing  road  near  poor  farm  $500,  roads  and  bridges 
$7,000,  discounts  $1,200;  total  $28,300.  The  town  paid  for  gas  for  Auburn 
Hall  $100.92,  for  the  bridge  $105.73,  and  this  is  all  we  hear  of  public  lighting. 

Mayor  Littlefield  in  his  address,  March  22,  1869,  gives  the  resources  from 
orders,  March  1, 1868,  to  March  20, 1869,  as  $53,262.70,  deducting  the  selectmen's 
orders,  $45,157.87,  there  remained  $8,104.83,  of  which  $6,000  was  available. 
The  City  of  Auburn  brought  much  labor  to  its  officials  in  the  establishment 
and  successful  conduct  of  the  various  departments.  The  origin  of  the 
high  standing  of  the  morals  of  the  city  may  perhaps  be  traced  to  this  expression 
of  the  mayor,  which  voiced  the  mind  of  the  community. 

The  cause  of  nearly  all  the  crimes  committed  in  our  state  may  be  traced  to  the  use  of 
intoxicating  liquors,  and  nearly  all  the  broils  and  disturbances  which  occur  in  our  streets 
result  from  the  same  cause.  I  therefore  trust  you  will  make  such  provision  for  the 
enforcement  of  the  law  for  the  suppression  of  drinking  houses  and  tippling-houses  as  shall 
bring  to  justice  all  who  will  persist  in  violating  the  law.  You  cannot  be  too  careful  in  the 
selection  of  your  constables. 

Another  thing  is  noticeable  in  the  mayor's  address,  characteristic  of 
Auburn's  officials  to  the  present:  "It  will  be  my  duty  to  see  that  the  laws  of 
the  state,  and  such  by-laws  and  ordinances  as  you  shall  ordain,  be  faithfully 
and  justly  executed  and  enforced,  and  I  certainly  shall  not  shrink  from  my 
duty." 


Appropriations,  1869.  —  For  abatements,  $l,Oi)0;  discounts,  $1,500;  books,  etc., 
printing,  .f;}()0;  fire  department,  night  watch,  and  police,  $800;  salaries,  $2,500;  con- 
tingent fund,  $1,000;  schools,  $10,000;  school-houses,  $1,800;  roads,  bridges,  and  side- 
walks, $10,000;  new  roads,  $1,000;  laud  damages  for  roads,  $675;  poor,  $2,500;  for  debt, 
$4,100;   interest,  $7,,500;   state  tax,  $8, .580.90;   county  tax,  $3,271.74. 

March  31,  1869.  All  school  districts  in  the  city  limits  were  consolidated. 
April  6  354  votes  were  cast  for  annexing  Auburn  to  Lewiston  to  374  against. 
May  14  ten  street  lamps  were  ordered  erected.  May  21  night  police  to  be 
appointed.      In  June  the    building  of   school-houses  in  Fossville,  Woodman, 


City  of  Auburn.  613 


Verrill,  Bradbury  and  Plains,  Trap,  Brick  school-house,  Dillingham  Hill,  and 
Danville  Corner  sections  was  under  discussion,  and  in  July  the  issue  of  city  bonds 
for  $15,000  to  purchase  lots  and  build  school-houses  in  North  Auburn,  Briggs, 
Woodman,  and  Danville  Corner  sections  was  authorized.  Joshua  L.  Cham- 
berlain received  443,  Franklin  Smith  353,  Nathan  G.  Hichborn  186  votes 
for  governor.  An  order  was  passed,  October  7,  directing  the  building  of 
a  school-house  at  Danville  Corner  and  one  at  Danville  Junction.  The  salaries 
paid  this  year  were:  mayor,  $200;  auditor,  !$50 ;  clerk,  '$150;  treasurer,  $200; 
clerk  of  common  council,  $40 ;  assessors,  $250;  overseers  of  the  poor,  $100; 
street  commissioner,  $800  ;  superintending  school  committee,  $250.  In  October 
were  great  freshets  with  very  high  water  in  the  rivers. 

February  28, 1870,  the  financial  standing  of  the  city  was  flattering.  Receipts 
for  the  year  previous  $92,748.98,  expenditures  $82,587.82;  liabilities  $127,- 
449.10,  resources  $32,846.96.  The  debt  has  been  reduced  $15,795.65.  Roads 
tell  much  of  the  prosperity  of  a  town  or  city,  and  as  indicative  of  the  "push" 
and  vigor  of  the  city  we  extract  from  this  year's  report  of  O.  D.  Bailey,  street 
commissioner : 

I  found  the  roads  and  bridges  tbroiighout  the  city  in  a  very  bad  condition.  I  bave  put 
tbe  road  from  tbe  village  to  Minot  line  in  perfect  repair,  baving  made  at  least  five  miles 
entirely  new.  I  bave  also  put  tbe  Vickery  bill  on  the  river  road  in  good  repair.  I  bave 
made  the  road  from  the  ceaietery  to  Little's  gravel-pit  entirely  new,  and  graded  and 
widened  Main  street  very  much.  Also  a  large  job  on  Academy  and  Spring  streets.  I  bave 
graded  and  filled  up  the  streets  at  North  Auburn  at  quite  a  large  expense,  and  made  large 
repairs  on  tbe  roads  from  tbe  village  by  West  to  North  Auburn  and  to  East  Auburn  and 
on  tbe  river  road. 

He  expended  $12,722.90.  The  chief  engineer  reports  $1,090.88  expended 
in  the  fire  department.  He  says,  "  We  very  much  need  another  engine  and 
more  reservoirs."  Six  new  school-houses  —  a  four-roomed  brick  house  on  Pine 
street,  grammar  and  primary  houses  at  North  Auburn,  and  one  each  at  Dan- 
ville Corner,  Danville  Junction,  and  Woodman's  —  have  been  built  this  year, 
and  extensive  repairs  made  on  "the  old  house  at  West  Auburn,  the  grammar 
school-house  on  School  street,  and  primary  brick  building  on  Academy  street." 
The  rapid  growth  of  the  city  demands  more  accommodations  for  scholars. 
There  have  been  sustained  one  high  school  of  sixty  scholars  for  22  weeks,  and 
34  grammar,  intermediate,  primary,  and  rural  schools,  with  an  average  of  27 
weeks  to  each  school.  February  7,  1870,  the  citizens  voted  on  an  act  to  annex 
Auburn  to  Lewiston.  The  vote  was  373  in  favor  and  530  against.  March  11 
Court  street  bridge  injured  by  an  ice  freshet.  The  railroad  depot  burned  in 
May.  July  14  a  cyclonic  wind  did  damage  in  various  parts  of  the  town.  The 
Auburn  Aqueduct  Company  build  reservoirs  on  Golf's  hill,  and  in  June 
introduce  water  into  the  city  and  place  the  stone  fountain  on  Main  street.  In 
October   hand   and   steam   fire    engines    were    purchased    and    fire    company 


614  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


authorized.  October  20  a  severe  shock  of  earthquake  lasting  from  30  to  60 
seconds  caused  much  excitement ;  Edward  Little  High  School,  Ara  Cushraan's 
factory,  and  other  high  buildings  vibrated;  door  bells  rung  in  various  houses 
and  a  heavy  rumbling  noise  was  heard.  November  12  -16,500  was  appropriated 
to  build  an  engine  house  and  stable.     The  public  schools  are  graded. 

Mayor  Littlefield,  on  taking  office  March  1,  1871,  says  :  "  We  have  a  funded 
debt  of  $101,450,  payable  in  12  annual  installments;  temporary  loans  yet 
unpaid,  $20,618.83 ;  $3,500  on  the  new  engine  house  ;  making  the  indebtedness 
of  the  city  $125,568.83.  Deducting  available  resources  we  have  a  debt  of 
$114,768.83.  ...  11  new  school-houses  containing  15  rooms  have  been  built 
since  the  organization  of  the  city  government.  The  high  school  is  in  a  flourish- 
ing condition,  and  has  become  one  of  the  indispensable  institutions  of  the  city. 
.  .  .  The  bridge  over  the  Androscoggin  is  entirely  inadequate  to  the  wants  of 
the  public,  and  in  my  judgment  unsafe.  .  .  .  The  fire  department  has  been 
much  improved,  and,  as  a  whole,  the  department  is  in  perfect  condition. 
A  new  engine  house  has  been  built.  $7,413  has  been  paid  for  new  steam  fire 
engine  and  apparatus.  The  night  watch  and  police  have  been  paid  $995.32. 
Two  reservoirs  have  been  built  for  engine  supjjlies,  one  at  the  corner  of  High 
and  Acadeni}^  streets,  the  other  on  Elm  street  near  the  railroad.  .  .  .  The 
number  of  scholars  is  1,982,  and  the  amount  paid  teachers  the  past  year 
$10,578.63." 

By  an  amendment  of  the  charter  the  city  council  is  given  authority  over 
town  ways  and  streets  and  to  establish  the  grade  of  roads  or  streets.  Section  1 
is  amended  and  provides  for  the  establishment  of  the  police  court  and  the 
appointment  of  a  judge.  April  18,  1871,  Thomas  Littlefield,  Jeremiah  Dingley, 
Jr,  O.  B.  Morse,  Josiah  Penley,  and  Allison  Smith  were  appointed  to  act  for 
Auburn  in  building  Court  street  bridge,  which  was  completed  this  year. 

The  mayor's  address  and  officers'  reports  February  29,  1872,  succinctly 
show  the  city's  condition  and  progress.  Mayor  Littlefield,  who  is  also  street 
commissioner,  speaks  of  the  manufacturing  industries  as  3'et  in  their  infancy, 
and  believes  in  a  liberal  policy  toward  them.  He  says  the  cash  resources  for 
the  year  have  been  $111,957.46,  and  the  expenditures  $110,308.18.  We  have 
a  funded  debt  of  $133,025  and  a  temporary  debt  of  $10,800,  making  the  total 
indebtedness  $143,825.  Deducting  the  available  resources,  $14,438.39,  the 
debt  is  $129,386.61.  The  taxes  have  paid  the  current  expenses  and  would 
-have  reduced  the  debt  $5,210.75  had  not  $15,908.35  been  paid  for  building  the 
new  bridge  and  $3,920  to  repair  injuries  upon  the  highways.  .  .  .  Koak 
Block  has  been  built  and  $5,000  paid  to  the  builders  for  building  a  street 
"from  the  street  south  of  C.  F.  Ligalls's  store  to  the  street  north  of  Little  and 
Haskell's  block  on  Main  street."  A  good  system  of  sewerage  is  commenced, 
at  a  cost  of  $1,103.98,  a  large  sewer  made  from  the  center  of  Main  street  to 
the  river.     The  bridge  between  Auburn  and  Lewiston  has  been  built  at  a  cost 


City  of  Auburn.  615 


of  about  f40,000.  The  mayor  commends  the  construction  of  the  Lewiston  and 
Auburn  railroad.  He  expresses  what  has  been  and  still  is  the  spirit  of  the 
leading  men  of  Auburn  :  "I  deem  it  the  duty  of  this  city  to  seize  upon  and 
improve  every  opportunity  to  foster  any  enterprise  that  will  invite  to  our 
midst  capital  and  labor."  Among  the  property  owned  by  the  city  and  which 
is  valued  at  •^69,650  appear  poor  farm,  etc.  $5,000,  engine  lot  and  house  |5,000, 
lot  and  armory  -1800,  Auburn  Hall,  etc.  -120,000,  fire  engines,  etc.  $7,000,  five 
school-houses  "in  the  village"  $15,000,  21  school-houses  "outside  the  village" 
$10,500.  The  stone  curbing,  etc.,  for  the  brick  sidewalk  in  front  of  the  court- 
house lot  have  been  put  in  place,  and  Pleasant,  Court,  and  Spring  streets  graded 
and  improved.  The  number  of  scholars  is  2,025,  and  $13,670.88  was  expended 
for  schools.  City  Mills  at  Danville  Junction  were  burned  in  January,  1872. 
April  11  on  the  question,  "Shall  the  City  of  Auburn  subscribe  to  the  capital 
stock  of  the  Lewiston  and  Auburn  Railroad  Compau}'  to  an  amount  not 
exceeding  745  shares  of  the  par  value  of  $100  per  share,  and  issue  bonds,  etc.?" 
843  votes  were  cast  in  favor  and  202  against. 

The  year  ending  February  28,  1873,  presents  this  financial  exhibit  at  its 
close:  Receipts  $102,255.46,  amounts  paid  out  $100,623.82.  The  city's 
liabilities  are  $146,500.  (Auburn  has  subscribed  $74,400  to  the  Lewiston  and 
Auburn  lailroad,  and  the  first  assessment,  $14,900,  is  due  and  included 
in  the  liabilities.)  The  net  liabilities  are  $127,450.34,  of  which  $22,200 
become  due  within  a  year.  Roads  and  streets  are  a  great  ex[)ense.  Mayor 
Littlefield  recommends  building  the  county  road  to  East  Auburn,  alludes  to 
the  county  road  located  in  1870  from  Lewiston  to  Danville,  which  involved  the 
building  of  another  bridge  across  the  Androscoggin,  and  asks  for  the  adoption 
of  a  general  plan  for  sewerage.  March  29,  1873,  the  issue  of  the  railroad 
bonds  was  ordered.  July  9,  $8,000  was  appropriated  for  sewers  on  Main  and 
Court  streets,  $22,500  for  building  a  school-house  on  Spring  and  School  streets. 
August  12  it  was  decided  to  purchase  a  new  poor  farm  or  rebuild  the  buildings 
on  the  old  one.  The  50-horse-power  engine  at  the  north  end  of  Roak  Block 
was  started  first  on  September  6th,  and  the  machinery  of  Barker  Mill 
September  8th. 

March  1,  1874,  the  net  indebtedness  of  the  city  was  $214,159.69.  The 
treasurer's  receipts  for  the  year  were  $186,030.42;  his  expenditures  $177,885.45 ; 
$16,136.89  were  for  schools,  $8,904.70  for  sewers  on  Main  and  Court  streets, 
$15,391.07  for  roads,  and  $7,500  for  a  new  poor  farm,  etc.  The  railroad  bonds 
have  been  sold,  95  per  cent,  of  the  amount  realized,  and  the  subscription  paid 
in  full.  Broad  street  has  been  opened,  the  county  road  to  East  Auburn,  and 
a  road  to  the  buildings  of  the  Auburn  Foundry  and  Manufacturing  Company. 
July  26, 1873,  the  farm  buildings  on  the  city  farm  were  struck  by  lightning  and 
burned,  with  furniture,  tools,  hay,  and  provisions,  and  the  Henry  Stetson  farm, 
with  more  convenient  buildings  have  been  purchased.     The  proposition  made 


616  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


concerning  the  transfer  of  the  Edward  Little  Institute  and  grounds  was 
accepted.  The  improvement  of  the  water-power  of  the  Little  Androscoggin 
river  has  rapidly  increased  the  growth  of  the  territory  adjacent  thereto,  and 
the  Little  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company  conveyed  to  the  city  a  lot  on 
which  a  school-house  of  two  stories  has  been  erected.  January  3  Enoch 
Littlefield,  Esq.,  for  many  years  the  landlord  of  the  stage  house  at  Littlefield's 
Corner,  died.  He  was  a  very  large  man  in  size  and  an  extensive  business 
operator.  April  24  an  order  was  passed  to  build  that  portion  of  the  lower 
bridge  across  the  Androscoggin  within  the  limits  of  Auburn,  and  $20,000  was 
appropriated.  The  bridge  was  built  in  accordance  with  this  action.  Lewiston 
and  Auburn  railroad  was  opened  in  July.  There  is  great  activity  in  sale  of 
lots  and  in  building.     Sixth  street  chapel  was  built  this  season. 

March  1,  1875.  The  city  has  property  valued  at  $120,625,  including 
Academy  park,  $10,000,  and  new  grammar  school-house,  etc.,  $32,000  acquired 
the  last  year.  The  bonded  debt  is  $248,000,  temporary  debt  $28,363,  with 
resources  of  $28,065.31.  The  new  (Broad  street)  bridge  has  cost  the  city 
about  $25,000.  There  are  now  ten  reservoirs  for  the  fire  department,  and  a 
fire  police  has  been  established.  The  last  census  showed  2,260  scholars  in  the 
city,  and  $17,609.47  have  been  paid  for  schools  during  the  year.  Samuel 
Stinchfield,  selectman  of  Danville  for  many  years,  died  January  28,  aged  81. 
North  and  West  Auburn  Cheese  Company  was  organized  March  18.  May  1, 
National  Shoe  and  Leather  Bank  commenced  business.  Mount  Auburn 
cemetery  laid  out  this  year. 

March  1,  1876.  The  city  debt  has  been  reduced  $5,800,  although  the 
taxes  were  less.  There  are  now  31  street  lamps  lighted  by  gasoline.  May  10 
an  issue  of  5%  bonds  for  $33,000  was  ordered  to  pay  the  floating  debt. 

March  1,  1877.  The  net  liabilities  of  the  city  are  $223,654.76,  a  decrease 
during  the  year  of  $23,599.81.  The  fire  department  asks  for  telegraph  fire- 
alarm  and  a  hook  and  ladder  truck,  and  states  that  in  addition  to  the  steam 
fire  engine  and  hand  engine,  a  chemical  engine  is  located  at  each  of  these 
points:  North  Auburn,  West  Auburn,  East  Auburn.  Six  hydrants  have  been 
located.  October  11  the  statue  of  Hon.  Edward  Little  was  placed  in  Edward 
Little  High  School  park  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

March  1, 1878.  The  net  liabilities  are  $228,793.50,  an  increase  of  $5,896.63, 
accounted  for  by  the  cost  of  two  iron  bridges,  one  over  the  Little  Androscoggin 
river  $4,278.47,  and  the  Littlefield  bridge  $2,361.57.  Paving  Court  street 
from  the  bridge  to  the  court  house  and  other  road  improvements  bring  the 
expenditure  in  this  department  to  $21,353.95.  The  Edward  Little  High  School 
building  is  in  construction  of  brick  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $15,000.  The  expense  of 
schools  for  the  year  was  $15,542.05.  A  second  trial  of  votes  for  election  of 
mayor  occurred  March  11,  1878,  when  Mayor  Smith  (Republican)  was  chosen 
by  11  majority.     March  16  James  Peables,  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  died. 


City  of  Auburn.  617 


Goff  Block  was  built  this  year,  and  a  summer  hotel  at  Lake  Auburn  com- 
menced. The  city  building  on  Court  street,  Rolfe  &  Mitchell's  store,  and 
several  dwellings  were  burned  December  7;  loss  $25,000.  Arrangements 
were  made  this  year  with  Auburn  Aqueduct  Company  to  lay  water  pipes  and 
furnish  water  along  Pleasant  street  from  Court  to  Elm  street,  through  Elm  to 
Main,  and  through  Main  to  Laurel,  and  to  attach  six  hydrants  for  fire  purposes. 

March  1,  1879.  During  the  past  year  $7,171.26  were  paid  for  finishing 
the  high  school  building,  etc.,  $2,000  for  reservoirs  and  hydrants,  $901.64 
for  enlarging  house  on  poor  farm,  $1,150.45  for  sewers,  $1,481.16  for  new 
roads,  and  $3,000  was  received  for  insurance.  The  city  debt  is  reduced  to 
$218,751.47.  In  1879  water  pipes  were  laid  for  fire  service,  and  Lake  Auburn 
water  introduced  to  the  city.  A  brick  engine  house  of  two  stories  was  built  on 
Court  and  Spring  streets.  A  new  school-house  was  erected  in  Bunker  Hill 
district.  An  iron  bridge  of  100  feet  span  thrown  over  Little  Androscoggin 
river  below  the  foundry.  Auburn  Aqueduct  Company  was  authorized  to 
extend  a  12-inch  pipe  to  Lake  Auburn.  A  bell  weighing  1,700  pounds  was 
raised  in  the  Court  Street  Free  Baptist  church  April  29.  Maine  Congrega- 
tional State  Conference  and  Universalist  State  Convention  held  their  annual 
meetings  here  in  June.  Auburn  Mineral  Spring  Company  was  organized.  A 
great  improvement  was  made  in  the  Maine  Central  station. 

March  1,  1880.  The  financial  condition  is  summed  up  by  the  mayor  thus: 
Cash  resources  February  29,  1880,  $122,828.39.  The  expenditures  were 
$108,508.51;  highways  $11,762.11,  street  lights  $997.02,  schools  $13,739.48, 
high  school  $3,426.02,  fire  department  $1,375.13,  printing  $284.03,  contingent 
expenses  $5,151.66,  night  watch  and  police  $2,011.64,  new  school-house 
$1,959.32,  repairs  $4,138.52,  poor  $2,969.65,  new  roads  $6,506.42,  sewers 
$550.38,  building  and  furnishing  engine  house  $6,786.67,  paving  Main  street 
$2,358.03,  discounts  $2,933.40,  abatements  $1,899.53,  salaries  $3,465,  payment 
of  bonds  $21,100,  interest  $15,094.50,  leaving  in  treasury  $14,319.88.  The 
bonded  debt  is  $257,400,  the  available  resources  $41,319.88,  which  leaves  the 
indebtedness  $216,232.66,  a  reduction  during  the  j-ear  of  $2,515.85.  The 
school-house  was  built  near  Barker  mill,  a  bridge  over  Royal  river  near  Dan- 
ville Junction,  a  road  to  Danville  Junction,  one  from  West  Auburn  to  the 
Lake  Auburn  House,  and  work  begun  on  the  West  Minot  road. 

March  1,  1881.  The  bonded  debt  is  $250,500,  reduced  the  last  year  $6,900. 
The  liabilities  above  cash  resources  are  $209,637.12,  $6,598.50  less  than  a  year 
ago,  and  the  city  owns  property  valued  at  $221,830.  Hydrants  have  been 
placed  on  Turner  street,  and  an  engine  house  built  at  North  Auburn.  Auburn 
Foundry  was  burned  February  26. 

March  1,  1882.  The  assessors'  valuation  is  $5,211,987,  the  number  of 
polls  2,375,  state  tax  $22,970.70,  county  tax  $6,872.24,  municipal  taxes 
$73,957.13,  total   assessment   $103,800.07.      The   city  debt  is  $242,700;    the 


618  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


liabilities  above  cash  resources  1201,740.84,  $7,896.28  less  than  a  year  before. 
The  flourishing  condition  of  the  city  is  shown  in  the  sale  of  the  4%  bonds 
issued  to  pay  bonds  maturing  at  4%  premium.  Highland  avenue.  Fourth, 
Seventh,  Eighth,  Blake,  Denison,  and  Madison  streets  have  been  located,  and 
sewers  laid  in  High,  Turner,  and  Union  streets,  and  Main  street  bridge  paved 
and  repaired.  A  reservoir  has  been  built  on  Goff  hill,  steam-heating  apparatus 
placed  in  the  high  school  building,  and  a  school-house  built  at  Young's  Corner. 

March  1,  1883.  The  city  debt  (reduced  during  the  municipal  year  $9,700) 
is  $233,500,  and  the  liabilities  above  cash  resources  are  $203,856.19.  $15,000 
of  the  4%  bonds  issued  and  sold  at  a  premium  of  3.83%.  The  valuation  is 
$5,245,641,  polls  2,304,  state  tax  $22,970.70,  county  tax  $6,872.24,  city  taxes 
$82,162.88,  total  assessment  $112,005.82.  A  contract  has  been  made  with 
Auburn  Aqueduct  Company  for  water  for  fire  purposes,  and  an  electric  fire 
alarm  system  introduced,  a  gravel-pit  purchased  for  $2,000,  and  a  soldiers' 
monument  erected  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.  The  Conant  road  from  Broad  street  to 
the  Hackett  road  has  been  opened,  Charles  street  located  from  Highland 
avenue  to  Goff  street,  and  Pulsifer  street  from  Second  to  Sixth  street;  sewers 
laid  in  Summer,  Manley,  Goff,  Elm,  Broad,  and  Sixth  streets;  Turner  street 
from  Court  to  Hampshire  paved  with  granite  blocks.  The  expense  for  lighting 
streets  has  been  $1,245.57.  The  last  report  shows  3,055  school  population,  of 
whom  1,551  attend  school. 

March  1,  1884.  Mayor  Sturgis  says  the  bonded  debt  is  $234,000  ;  $114,000 
bears  6%  interest  and  becomes  due  between  March  1,  1884,  and  March  1,  1892, 
$23,500  becoming  due  in  1884.  $65,000  bears  5%  interest  and  becomes  pay- 
able between  March  1,  1887,  and  March  1,  1898;  $55,000  bears  4%  interest 
and  falls  due  between  March  1,  1900,  and  March  1,  1903.  The  total  indebted- 
ness is  $240,000,  the  net  liabilities  are  $214,357.56.  During  the  year  $12,117.58 
was  paid  to  the  Auburn  Aqueduct  Company  for  the  extension  of  water  pipes 
for  fire  service.  Thirty  hj^drants  have  been  set  during  the  year  at  an  expense 
of  $2,933.24,  and  $1,000  was  paid  to  the  Lewiston  &  Auburn  Horse  Railroad 
Company  to  compensate  it  for  laying  the  track  to  East  Auburn  outside  of 
the  ditch  of  the  public  road.  These  unusual  expenses  —  $16,050.82 — have 
increased  the  municipal  indebtedness  over  that  of  last  year  $10,501.25. 
Western  avenue  has  been  opened  from  Minot  road  to  Merrill  hill,  and  Northern 
avenue  from  Horace  Goff's  to  the  river  road.  Extensive  improvements  have 
been  made  on  High  street,  Broad  street  hill,  and  on  road  to  West  Auburn. 
January  15, 1884,  Auburn's  first  electric  light  was  placed  in  position.  Auburn 
Aqueduct  Company  increases  its  capital  to  $250,000.  Dr  M.  B.  Preble  died 
in  January,  in  Colorado. 

March  1, 1885.  The  bonded  debt  is  $234,000,  and  net  liabilities  $206,866.48. 
The  "  Spring  road  "  has  been  made  during  the  year  from  the  Bird  place  to 
Charles  Holbrook's  —  three  miles.      High  school  building  has  been  seriously 


City  of  Auburn.  619 


damaged  by  fire.  The  growth  of  the  city  and  its  development  in  every 
direction  cause  all  departments  of  the  government  earnest  work  and  present 
important  problems  for  solution.  June,  1885,  J.  B.  Jones  died.  He  was  an 
active  local  politician  and  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  building  the  Andros- 
coggin Railroad. 

March  1,  1886.  The  net  liabilities  of  Auburn  are  $213,825.13.  The  new 
high  school  building  has  been  completed,  and  equals  any  school  building  in  a 
city  of  this  size  in  the  state.  The  street  lights  have  cost  !iil,571.26.  The 
children  of  school  age  number  2,320.  In  February,  1886,  a  storm  blockade 
occurred  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  which  lasted  three  days.  Lake  Grove 
horse  railroad  opened  to  travel.  The  Lewiston  Journal  says :  "  Not  less  than 
100  houses  were  built  in  Auburn  in  1886,  and  no  less  than  15  new  manufact- 
uring concerns  organized,  including  corn-canning  factories,  hosiery  mill, 
shovel-handle  factory,  toothpick  factory,  new  grist-mill,  box  factor}^  art 
publishing  company,  and  minor  industries." 

March  1,  1887.  The  bonded  debt  is  !t!227,000 ;  the  Lewiston  and  Auburn 
railroad  bonds  have  been  paid,  and  Auburn  receives  an  annual  rental  of  S4,500 
from  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  Company.  During  the  past  year  the  city  debt 
has  been  reduced  $4,713.07.  Main  street  has  been  paved  with  granite  blocks 
between  Elm  and  Academy  streets.  A  board  of  trade  was  established.  Par- 
sons's  steam  grist-mill  was  burned  in  March,  loss  $30,000.  The  houses  were 
numbered  this  year,  and  the  first  postal  delivery  by  carriers  was  made  in  July. 
Oak  Hill  cemetery  was  enlarged  and  improved.  Auburn  Drug  &  Chemical 
Company  was  incorporated.  Burnham  &  Morrill  purchased  the  Auburn  stables 
of  the  Horse  Railroad  Company  and  transformed  them  into  a  canning  factory. 

March  1,  1888.  The  bonded  debt  is  $224,000.  The  net  liabilities  are 
$204,538.52,  a  reduction  of  $4,573.94  in  the  fiscal  year.  29  electric  lights  have 
taken  the  place  of  street  lamps.  A  loan  and  building  association  organized 
this  year.  The  Letcisfon  Journal  in  its  annual  review  of  1888  says  these  truthful 
words  :  "  It  has  been  a  busy  year  in  Auburn.  That  much  goes  without  saying. 
The  smart  and  active  city  has  done  more  than  this ;  more  than  simply  keep 
busy.  It  has  made  apparent  to  the  world  the  fact  that  it  is  growing.  When 
this  is  made  apparent,  nothing  can  stop  the  appreciation  of  property,  business, 
landed  estates,  stock  in  local  concerns,  value  of  manufactured  products,  extent 
of  business  streets,  and  general  spread  of  the  business  of  the  city.  In  the  past 
year  Auburn  has  felt  more  than  ever  the  spirit  of  growth,  and  the  spirit  has 
been  made  manifest  in  the  rapid  development,  not  only  of  the  shoe  business, 
but  of  all  others.  In  building  the  city  has  developed  quite  rapidly.  One  fine 
new  brick  block  has  been  practically  completed  on  Main  street,  while  two  of 
the  finest  shoe  factories  in  Maine  or  in  New  England  have  been  built  upon 
new  laud,  developing  a  new  colony  of  manufacture  and  creating  in  a  narrow 
limit  one  of  the  most  remarkable  aggregations  of  shoe  manufacture  to  be  found 


620  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

in  the  country.  The  homes  that  have  sprung  up  in  that  city  of  homes  are 
many  and  beautiful.  Nearly  a  hundred  houses  have  been  built  there  the  past 
year  of  1888.  The  city  has  developed  two  flourishing  companies  for  electric 
light  and  power,  has  developed  two  or  three  new  shoe  concerns  and  a  variety 
of  miscellaneous  manufactures.*' 

March  1,  1889.  The  city  has  completed  twenty  years  of  existence,  and  is 
in  the  midst  of  a  healthy  progress.  The  question  of  taxation  and  its  reduc- 
tion is  a  vital  one,  and  a  large  space  of  the  mayor's  address  is  devoted  to  it. 
Mayor  Savage  also  gives  the  indebtedness,  expenditures,  and  permanent  im- 
provements of  the  city  during  the  past  year.     We  quote : 

The  indebtedness  of  the  city  February  28,  1889,  was  as  follows:  In  the  year  ending 
March  1,  1890,  $J2,0U0;  iu  that  ending  March  1,  1891,  $10,000;  in  that  ending  March  1, 
1892,  $13,000.  Bonds  bearing  5  per  cent,  interest  now  overdue  $1,500;  maturing  in  the 
year  ending  March  1,  1890,  $5,000;  in  the  year  ending  March  1,  1891,  $3,000;  in  that 
ending  March  1,  1892,  $4,300;  in  that  ending  March  1,  1893,  $7,200;  in  that  ending  March 
1,  1894,  $16,000;  in  that  ending  March  1,  1895,  $14,500;  iu  the  year  ending  March  1,  1898, 
$5,000.  Bonds  bearing  4  per  cent,  interest:  maturing  in  the  year  ending  March  1,  1899, 
$10,000;  iu  the  year  ending  March  1,  1902,  $15,000;  in  that  ending  March  1,  1903,  $15,000; 
iu  that  ending  March  I,  1904,  .$25,000;  in  the  year  ending  March  1,  1905,  $23,500;  by 
March  1,  1906,  $15,000;  by  March  1,  1907,  $18,000;  by  March  1,  1908,  $10,000.  Total 
amount  of  funded  indebtedness  $223,000.  Resources:  Cash  in  treasury,  $557.40;  note  of 
Edward  Slattery,  $6S  ;  balance  due  on  taxes,  $18,600— $19,225.40.  Deducting  available 
resources,  the  municipal  indebtedness  remains  $203,774.60.  In  order  to  show  the  financial 
condition  of  the  city  in  a  proper  manner,  I  think  there  should  be  deducted  from  this 
balance,  at  least  the  face  value  of  the  stock  owned  by  the  city  in  the  Lewiston  and  Auburn 
Railroad,  which  is  $75,000.  This  stock  differs  iu  many  respects  from  ordinary  municipal 
property.  It  is  not  devoted  to  municipal  uses.  It  produces  a  stated  revenue  to  the  city. 
We  receive  annually  on  account  of  it,  $4,500  iu  cash  from  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  It 
has  the  features  of  a  sinking  fund.  It  is  more  than  an  offset  to  $75,000  of  our  funded 
indebtedness,  because  we  receive  6  per  cent,  upon  it,  while  we  are  paying  only  4  and  5  per 
cent,  on  nearly  the  whole  of  our  debt.  Deducting  this  $75,000  we  have  $128,774.60,  which 
is  the  real  net  indebtedness  of  the  city.  In  addition  to  the  items  already  mentioned,  there 
was  expended  last  year  for  repairs  upon  highways,  $15,844.26;  for  high  school,  $5,013.46; 
for  schools,  $21,621.78;  for  support  of  poor,  $5,488.08,  of  which  $1,724.67  was  expended 
for  steam  heating  apparatus  at  the  poor  farm;  for  fire  department,  $2,218.46;  for  police 
department,  $2,420.33;  for  street  lights,  $2,241.70;  for  gravel-pit,  $1,000;  for  interest, 
$10,505.80;  for  salaries,  $4,018;  for  repairs  on  school-houses,  $734.54;  for  park,  $184.43; 
and  for  contingent  expenses,  $8,090.60.  As  most  of  the  work  in  the  nature  of  permanent 
improvements  has  been  done  under  the  direction  of  the  street  commissioner  I  think  it 
proper  that  I  should  give  you  au  account  of  the  more  important  work  of  last  year  as  shown 
by  his  report.  The  Maine  Central  Railroad  widened  its  Turner  street  bridge  to  the  great 
advantage  of  all  our  citizens  in  Perry  ville  and  beyond.  Bank  walls  were  put  in  and  Turner 
street  widened  and  filled  at  an  expense  of  $1,518.58.  There  was  expended  for  walls  and 
filling  on  Winter  street,  $942.58;  on  French  street,  $425.85;  for  removing  ledge  on  Second 
street,  $157.50;  on  James  street,  $481.25.  2,513  feet  of  curbing  have  been  set  at  an 
expense  of  $2,238.47;  and  1,460  feet  of  flagging  at  an  expense  of  $793.83.  There  were 
laid  on  Court  street  1,212  yards  of  paving  at  an  expense  of  $2,356.85,  less  the  cost  of  1,083 


City  of  Auburn.  621 


paviug  blocks  left  over.  There  was  expended  $529.30  for  blasting  water  trenches  on  Lake 
street  and  Highland  avenue.  The  Poland  Spring  road  was  completed  at  an  expense  of 
$2,153.04;  the  Calvin  Libby  road  was  built,  costing  $750.25;  and  there  was  laid  out  on 
Second  avenue  $425.50.  Sewers  were  built  as  follows  :  1,249  feet  on  Winter  street;  200 
feet  on  Troy  street;  200  feet  on  School  street;  and  450  feet  on  Cook  street.  There  were 
put  in  43  catch  basins.  The  whole  expense  was  $2,927.88.  There  was  received  $570  in 
sewer  permits.  I  congratulate  the  citizens  of  the  city  that  a  daily  paper  has  been  estab- 
lished here.  A  paper  which  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of  Auburn  above  all  other  places 
cannot  fail  to  be  of  great  service  to  this  community.  I  must  not  omit  to  refer  to  the  recent 
arrangement  entered  into  by  the  city  and  the  Franklin  Company,  whereby  all  that  section 
of  the  city  north  of  Court  street  and  east  of  Turner  street,  now  owned  by  the  Franklin 
Company,  will  in  the  immediate  future  be  opened  for  business  purposes.  The  need  of  more 
room  has  been  felt  for  a  long  time,  and  I  believe  this  addition  of  "work  room,"  almost  in 
the  heart  of  the  city,  will  do  much  to  promote  its  growth  and  wealth. 

The  city  owns  property  valued  at  $217,590.  Among  the  items  are  175,000 
in  railroad  stock;  high  school  building  and  park  |30,000;  Auburn  Hall, 
etc.,  '120,000;  grammar  school-house,  lot,  etc.,  125,000;  24  school-houses 
in  the  country,  -$11,000;  6  in  the  city  proper,  $12,000;  poor  farm,  stock,  etc., 
$12,000 ;  steam  fire  engine,  hose,  etc.,  $5,000 ;    engine  houses  and  lots,  $9,000. 

March  1,  1890.  In  his  address  Mayor  Savage  says:  "The  municipal  year 
just  closed  has  been  a  prosperous  one  for  the  city  in  nearly  every  particular. 
We  have  been  visited  by  neither  pestilence  nor  misfortune  ;  general  good 
health  has  prevailed ;  our  laboring  men  have  been  well  employed,  and  ready 
markets  have  been  had  for  those  things  which  we  grow  upon  our  farms  and 
manufacture  in  our  shops.  New  industries  have  come  among  us,  and  new 
fields  for  investment  have  been  found  for  local  capital  which  had  not  before  that 
time  been  employed  in  business."  The  city  indebtedness  has  been  decreased 
during  the  last  year  $11,927.30,  leaving  the  net  bonded  liabilities,  $191,847.30. 
The  city  has  now  7^  miles  of  sewers.  The  sewer  on  Hampshire  street  was 
rebuilt  at  an  expense  of  $7,027.88 ;  sewers  were  built  on  Minot  avenue  and 
Washington  street,  and  an  outlet  made  for  them  by  laying  a  sewer  from  Minot 
avenue  to  Little  Androscoggin  river;  6,594  feet  were  laid  in  all  at  an  expense 
of  $11,998.14.  Washington  street  extension  to  Court  street  was  opened  and 
built  at  a  cost  of  $943.59,  Knight  street  at  a  cost  of  $292.94,  and  improve- 
ments on  Second  avenue  costing  $838.82.  The  city  laid  980  feet  of  curbing 
for  sidewalks,  784  feet  of  flagging,  built  a  stone  culvert  under  Goff  street 
extension,  and  much  improved  Western  Promenade.  The  city  now  contains 
232  miles  of  streets  and  roads  ;  45  miles  of  sidewalks  (2f  miles  being  of  brick). 
The  receipts  of  the  post-office  for  the  quarter  ending  December  31  were 
$4,154.28. 

March  15,1891.  Mayor  Savage  says  in  his  inaugural  address:  "It  has 
been  the  aim  of  Auburn  city  governments  in  times  gone  b}^  to  provide  not 
only  for  the  needs  of  the  city  for  the  time  being,  but  by  a  wise  foresight  to 


622 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


anticipate  its  future  necessities,  and  b}^  the  judicious  expenditure  of  money  in 
public  and  permanent  improvements,  to  enable  our  beloved  city  to  keep  pace 
with  municipal  progress  elsewhere,  and  invite  men  of  ability  and  men  of  means 
to  make  their  residence  among  us.  In  this  our  city  has  been  successful.  So 
far  as  those  elements  go  which  tend  to  permanent  development  and  solid  pros- 
perity Auburn  is  to-day  beyond  all  others  the  growing  city  of  the  state  of 
Maine ;  and  it  is  with  pride  that  we  look  back  to  the  development  accomplished 
by  our  citizens  in  the  last  twenty  years."  From  this  address  we  take  the 
following  appropriations,  receipts,  and  expenditures  for  1890: 


Appropriations. 

Total  Receipts. 

Expenditures. 

Overdrawn. 

State  tax. 

$14,046  %1 

$14,046  67 

$14,046  67 

County  tax, 

7,853  98 

7,853  98 

7,853  98 

Highways, 

15,000  00 

15,176 

75 

18,852  95 

$3,676  20 

Contingent, 

4,000  00 

14,286 

42 

17,796  04 

3,489  59 

Schools, 

16,500  00 

22,722 

01 

21,725  05 

High  school. 

4,000  00 

4,530 

00 

4,615  98 

85  98 

Fire  department, 

4,500  00 

4,500 

00 

4,589  39 

85  39 

Police, 

2,500  00 

2,508 

00 

2,633  64 

125  64 

Street  lights. 

3,000  00 

3,000 

00 

2,964  78 

Poor, 

4,150  00 

5,110 

06 

5,438  38 

328  32 

Park, 

150  00 

158 

00 

228  29 

70  29 

New  school-houses, 

2,500  00 

2,500 

00 

3,147  50 

647  50 

Sewers, 

3,. 500  00 

4,530 

30 

4,220  06 

Permanent  improvements,      4,000  00 

4,000 

00 

5,.308  69 

1,308  69 

New  roads, 

1,000  00 

1 ,000 

00 

1,412  44 

412  44 

City  debt, 

23,000 

00 

23,000  00 

Interest  account, 

10,000  00 

10,000 

00 

9,870  29 

Paving, 

7,000  00 

7,000 

00 

6,400  11 

Repair  on  school-houses,             600  00 

600 

00 

480  21 

Gravel-pit, 

4,500  00 

6,900 

00 

4,500  00 

Salaries, 

2,765  00 

2,765 

00 

2,765  00 

Abatements, 

1,500  00 

1,500 

00 

2,065  18 

565  18 

Discount  on  taxes. 

4,000  00 

4,000 

00 

4,339  15 
$168,349  77 

439  15 

$117,065  65 

$161,706  92 

$11,234  37 

Total  balance, 

$4, 591. .52.     Net  amount  overdr; 

xwn  is  $6,642,85. 

The  highway  appropriation  was  overdrawn  by  reason  of  unforeseen  expendi- 
tures. Owing  to  unusually  heavy  snow-storms  the  expenses  of  the  street 
department  in  December,  1890,  and  January  and  February,  1891,  were  |5,200, 
instead  of  the  13,000  usually  adequate.  New  railings  were  built  by  the  side  of 
the  road  in  many  places  at  an  expense  of  -11,520.30.  Goff  and  Hampshire 
streets  and  Highland  avenue  had  $410.80  of  labor  done ;  ledge  work  at  East 
Auburn  cost  -1175.88,  and  Sixth  street  grading  cost  -1157.60.  All  these  were 
charged  to  highway  appropriations.  After  the  appropriations  had  been  made 
the  city  council  voted  to  build  a  bridge  upon  the  Dennison  street  extension,  at 


City  of  Auburn.  623 


the  location  which  had  been  accepted  by  the  city  council  for  the  year  1889,  and 
to  charge  the  expense  of  the  same  to  the  appropriation  for  contingent  expenses. 
The  entire  cost  of  this  bridge,  including  masonry,  filling,  etc.,  was  -17,474.44. 
This  bridge  fills  a  long-felt  public  want,  and  the  large  use  of  it  made  by  our 
citizens  from  the  day  it  was  opened  has  proved  the  wisdom  of  those  who  urged 
us  to  undertake  and  complete  the  work.  The  bridge  is  iron,  300  feet  long, 
with  a  roadway  24  feet  wide,  and  five-foot  sidewalks  on  either  side.  There  are 
six  spans,  50  feet  apart,  each  having  three  columns.  During  the  year  sewers 
have  been  constructed  upon  Summer,  Troy,  School,  Broad,  Seventh,  Newbury, 
Washington,  Goff,  and  Charles  streets,  in  all  3,255  feet,  at  an  expense  of 
i3,872.09.  Under  the  sewer  act,  adopted  by  the  city  council  in  1889,  munic- 
ipal officers  for  the  last  year  assessed  sewer  benefits  upon  various  lots  and 
parcels  of  land,  to  the  amount  of  $1,213.25.  There  was  charged  to  the  appro- 
priation for  permanent  improvements  $2,131.90  for  bank  wall  and  filling  on 
Minot  avenue;  $226.37  for  bank  wall  and  filling  on  Western  Promenade;  and 
$468.30  for  bank  wall  and  filling  on  Washington  street.  The  city  set  2,800 
feet  of  curbing  for  sidewalks,  at  a  cost  of  $1,930,  and  laid  700  feet  of  flagging, 
at  a  cost  of  $552.12.  Court  street  was  paved  from  Spring  street  to  Union 
street,  at  an  expense  of  $6,400.11.  This  is  a  very  valuable  addition  to  the 
paving  in  Auburn  streets  and  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  has  paved  a  large 
portion  of  the  station  grounds.  A  handsome  school  building  was  built  on 
Auburn  Heights.  Various  industries  have  been  either  established  or  are  being 
discussed,  and  Auburn  socially  has  been  wide-awake.  A  public  library  fund 
of  over  $10,000  has  been  raised  and  a  lot  donated  by  the  Franklin  Company 
for  a  new  library  building.  Streets  have  been  opened,  and  the  general  growth 
of  the  city  has  been  healthy  and  unforced. 

Indebtedness  of  Auburn,  February  28,  1891. — For  outstanding  bonds  bearing  interest  at 
six  per  cent,  due  as  follows:  In  the  year  ending  March  1,  1892,  $1  .'3,000.  Bonds  bearing 
interest  at  five  per  cent,  due  as  follows:  1892,  $4,300;  1893,  $7,200;  1894,  $16,000;  1895, 
$14,500;  1698,  $5,000.  Bonds  bearing  interest  at  four  per  cent,  due  as  follows:  1899, 
$10,000;  1902,  $15,000:  190.3,  $15,000;  1904,  $25,000;  1905,  $23,.500;  1906,  $15,000;  1907, 
$18,000;  1908,  $10,000;  1909,  $14,000;  1910,  $13,000.  Total  funded  indebtedness,  .$218,- 
500.  Besoiirces  —  Uncollected  taxes,  1889,  1890,  $22,139.28;  sewer  assessments  unpaid, 
$1,658.25;  Slattery  note,  $6S;  casb  in  treasury,  $1,084.70;  total,  $24,950.23.  Balance 
municipal  indebtedness  after  deducting  available  resources,  $193,549.77;  balance  muni- 
cipal indebtedness  February  28,  1890,  $191,847.30. 

Action  in  the  ReheUion. — April  27,  1861,  a  committee  was  chosen  to  provide 
for  soldiers'  families,  and  voted  to  raise  $5,000  for  a  fund.  This  committee 
was  continued  until  the  close  of  the  war,  various  persons  giving  their  services. 
April  5,  1862,  voted  to  hire  $1,500  as  a  relief  fund.  July  21  voted  to  pay 
$100  to  each  volunteer  accepted  on  the  quota  of  45  men  required  under  the 
call  for  300,000  men,  and  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  borrow  this  money. 


624  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


August  22  voted  to  pay  ilOO  to  each  volunteer  accepted  before  September  3, 
on  the  quota  of  64  men  under  the  Last  call  of  300,000  men.  September  1 
voted  to  raise  $50  by  subscription  for  each  man  who  shall  enlist  to  fill  the 
quota.  This  was  annulled  two  days  later,  and  the  town  voted  to  pay  -150  in 
addition  to  the  $100  previously  voted.  November  22  voted  |!l,000  more  for 
family  relief  fund  for  three  years'  men.  March  9,  1863,  voted  |2,000  for 
soldiers'  families.  July  29  voted  to  pay  each  drafted  man  serving  himself  or 
by  substitute  18.33  per  month  while  in  service.  November  9  voted  to  offer 
a  bounty  of  |200  to  each  volunteer  to  fill  the  quota  under  the  call  of  October, 

1863.  December  8  appropriated  $6,000  to  promote  enlistments.     August  20, 

1864,  voted  to  advance  and  pay  the  $300  authorized  by  the  state,  and  August 
29  to  pay  $200  to  each  man  enlisting  or  furnishing  substitute  before  September 
5.  December  10  voted  to  pay  bounties  discretionary  with  the  selectmen,  and 
to  bond  the  town  for  $5,000  for  this  purpose.  March  4,  1865,  voted  to  raise 
$8,000  to  enable  the  town  to  fill  its  quota,  and  March  13  to  raise  $4,000  for 
support  of  soldiers'  families.  April  12  voted  to  raise  by  loan  $5,000  to  defray 
the  expense  of  filling  the  present  quota.  March  12,  1866,  the  selectmen  and 
treasurer  are  authorized  to  borrow  $1,000  to  pay  state  aid  to  soldiers'  families. 
Auburn  furnished  434  men  for  the  army  and  seven  for  the  navy.  15  were 
drafted,  of  whom  4  entered  the  service,  4  provided  substitutes,  and  7  paid  $300 
commutation.  The  town  i)aid  $62,365  in  soldiers'  bounties  and  $2,376.91  in 
other  war  expenses. 

Civil  List.  —  Toion  of  Auburn.  1842  —  Elislia  Stetson,  Daniel  Briggs,  Stephen  Packard,  selectmen; 
Thomas  B.  Little,  clerk.  1843  —  Enoch  Littlefield,  George  Ricker,  Jr,  Thomas  J.  Howard,  selectmen; 
Thomas  B.  Little,  clerk.  1844  —  Enoch  Littlefield,  Thomas  J.  Howard,  Charles  Briggs,  selectmen; 
Thomas  Littlefield,  clerk.  1845,  184G  — Nathaniel  Small,  Harvey  Dillingham,  John  Downing,  Jr, 
selectmen;  Thomas  Littlefield,  clerk.  1847  —  Nathaniel  Small,  Thomas  J.  Howard,  Harvey  Dilling- 
ham, selectmen;  Thomas  Littlefield,  clerk.  1848  —  Thomas  J.  Howard,  Daniel  Briggs,  William 
Banks,  selectmen;  Thomas  Littlefield,  clerk.  1840,  1850  —  Timothy  Bailey,  Hiram  C.  Briggs,  David 
Strout,  selectmen;  John  C.  Briggs,  clerk.  1851  —  Daniel  Briggs,  Rufns  Penley,  Timothy  Bailey, 
selectmen;  Philip  A.  Briggs,  clerk.  1852  —  Daniel  Briggs,  William  S.  Young,  George  Ricker,  Jr, 
selectmen;  Philip  A.  Briggs,  clerk.  1853  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  Thomas  J.  Howard,  James  S.  Nash, 
selectmen;  Philip  A.  Briggs,  clerk.  1854  — Thomas  Littlefield,  Thomas  J.Howard,  James  S.Nash, 
selectmen;  John  C.  Briggs,  clerk.  1855  —  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Hiram  C.  Briggs,  James  S.  Nash, 
selectmen;  Philip  A.  Briggs,  clerk.  1856,  1857— Thomas  Littlefield,  Hiram  C.  Briggs,  John  R. 
Merrill,  selectmen;  John  F.  Cobb,  clerk.  1858  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  Lewis  Philips,  Peter  Noyes, 
selectmen;  John  F.  Cobb,  clerk.  1859 — Thomas  Littlefield,  George  Ricker,  Timothy  Bailey,  select- 
men; John  F.  Cobb,  clerk.  1860  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  George  Ricker,  Timothy  Bailey,  .selectmen; 
A.  L.  Merrill,  clerk.  1861  — Thomas  Littlefield,  Samuel  D.  Harris,  Seth  P.  Miller,  selectmen;  Richard 
Dresser,  clerk.  1862,  1863  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  Samuel  D.  Harris,  Josiah  W.  Littlefield,  selectmen; 
Richard  Dresser,  clerk.  1864  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  Nelson  Dingley,  Harvey  Dillingham,  selectmen; 
Richard  Dresser,  clerk.  1865  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  Oscar  D.  Bailey,  Joel  S.  Cobb,  selectmen;  Richard 
Dresser,  clerk.  1866,  1867  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  Oscar  D.  Bailey,  Prentiss  M.  Woodman,  selectmen; 
Richard  Dresser,  clerk.  1868  —  Thomas  Littlefield,  Oscar  D.  Bailey,  Prentiss  M.  Woodman,  selectmen ; 
George  S.  Woodman,  clerk. 

CITY  GOVERNMENTS.  1869  — Mayor.  Thomas  Littlefield.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Wm  H. 
Keith;  Ward  2,  P.  M.  Woodman;  Ward  3,  Daniel  P.  Atwood;  Ward  4,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr;  Ward 
5,  Daniel  Field.    City  Clerk,  Geo.  S.  Woodman.    Common   Council,  Ward  1,  H.  C.  Briggs,  Alex. 


City  of  Auburn.  625 


Stinson,  E.  P.  Crafts;   Ward  2,  Silas  Sprague,  Nathan  Briggs,  Ezekiel  Eveleth;   Ward  3,  S.  P.  Miller, 

0.  B.  Morse,  Wm  B.  Merrill;  Ward  4,  E.  T.  Luce,  W.  S.  Young,  John  F.  Cobb;  Ward  5,  A.  C.  Pray, 
Geo.  W.  Bailey,  A.  J.  Verrill. 

1870  — Mayor,  Setli  P.  Miller.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Hiram  C.  Briggs;  Ward  2,  Prentiss  M. 
Woodman;  Ward  3,  John  W.  Perkins;  Ward  4,  James  Wagg;  Ward  5,  Almon  C.  Pray.  City  Clerk, 
George  S.  Woodman.  Common  Council,  President,  William  B.  Merrill;  Clerk,  William  M.  Harris; 
Ward  1,  John  M.  Perry,  Benjamin  Conant,  Alvan  Waterman;  Ward  2,  Ezekiel  Eveleth,  Charles 
S.  Emerson,  James  White;  Ward  3,  William  P>.  Merrill,  Albert  Young,  Oren  B.  Morse;  Ward  4, 
Oren  S.  Libby,  Hannibal  R.  Smith,  Increase  B.  Kimball;  Ward  5,  Charles  Dunn,  Nathaniel  G. 
Sturgis,  Andrew  (1.  Haskell. 

1871 — Mayor,  Thomas  Littlefield.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Oscar  D.  Bailey;  Ward  2,  Silas  Sprague; 
Ward  3,  John  W.  Perkins;  Ward  4,  James  S.  Bobbins;  Ward  5,  Almon  C.  Pray.  City  Clerk,  George 
S.  Woodman.  Common  Council,  President,  Charles  Dunn;  Clerk,  VV^illiam  M.  Harris;  Ward  1, 
Alonzo  Crafts,  Benjamin  Conant,  Harrison  O.  Whitman;  Ward  2,  Josiah  Penley,  Silvester  Oakes, 
Frank  Bartlett;  Ward  3,  Oren  B.  Morse,  Ansel  L  Lombard,  Wm  M.  Chamberlin;  Ward  4,  J.  W. 
Peables,  Rufus  Penley,  Frank  E.  Young;   Ward  5,  Charles  Dunn,  Samuel  Emerson,  Charles  O.  Martin. 

1872  —  Mayor,  Thomas  Littlefield.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  John  M.  Perry;  Ward  2,  Hannibal  R. 
Smith;  Ward  3,  Oren  B.  Morse;  Ward  4,  James  Dingley;  Ward  5,  Charles  Dunn.  City  Clerk,  George 
S.  Woodman.  Common  Council,  Prpsident,  Richard  Dresser;  Clerk,  William  M.  Harris;  Ward  1, 
Zibeon  Crafts,  George  H.  Dilljnghara,  Ira  T.  Waterman;  Ward  2,  Frank  Bartlett,  Edward  W.  Gross, 
Benjamin  F.  Sturgis;  Ward  3,  Ansel  L.  Lombard,  William  B.  Merrill,  William  M.  Chamberlin;  Ward 
4,  James  Wagg,  William  S.  Young,  Richard  Dresser;  Ward  5,  George  W.  Bailey,  James  L.  Martin, 
Alden  J.  Verrill. 

1873— Mayor,  Thomas  Littlefield.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  John  M.  Perry;  Ward  2,  Frank  Bartlett; 
Ward  3,  Seth  P.  Miller;  Ward  4,  Francis  M.  Jordan;  Ward  5,  Charles  Dunn.  City  Clerk,  George  S. 
Woodman.  Common  Council,  President,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis;  CTerA-,  Murray  B.Watson;  Ward  1. 
Zibeon  Crafts,  George  H.  Dillingham,  Alvan  Waterman;  Ward  2,  Edward  W.  Gross,  Benjamin  F. 
Sturgis,  A.  J.  Coburn;  Ward  3,  Ansel  L.  Lombard,  James  O.  Foss,  William  M.  Chamberlin;  Ward  4, 
Benjamin  F.  Briggs,  William  S.  Young,  Oren  T.  Libby;  Ward  .5,  Thomas  J.  Freeman,  William  D. 
Adams,  William  D.  Brewster. 

1874  — Mayok,  Thomas  Littlefield;  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Oscar  D.  Bailey;  Ward  2,  Joseph  Little- 
field; Ward  3,  Seth  P.  Miller;  Ward  4.  Francis  M.  Jordan;  Ward  5,  Charles  Dunn.  City  Clerk, 
George  S.  Woodman.     Common  Covscii,,  President,  Wva.YL.'K.eith;   CVp?-^-,  Murray  B.  Watson;   Ward 

1,  Alvan  Waterman,  William  H.  Keith,  Joseph  Q.  Edmonds;  Ward  2,  A.  J.  Coburn,  Ezekiel  Eveleth, 
John  Rolfe;  Ward  3,  John  C.  Symmes,  B.  C.  Keen,  Ellery  F.  Goss;  Ward  4,  Edward  A.  Little,  W.  S. 
Rogers,  Jacob  Larrabee;   Ward  5,  Thomas  J.  Freeman,  George  W.  Bailey,  Dexter  W.  Verrill. 

1875— Mayor,  James  Dingley.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Fred  A.  Allen;  Ward  2,  Hannibal  R.  Smith; 
Ward  3,  Seth  P.  Miller;  Ward  4,  John  F.  Cobb;  Ward  5,  Dexter  W.  Verrill.  City  Clerk,  George  S. 
Woodman.  Common  Council,  President,  William  P.  Bearce;  Clerk,  Murray  B.  Watson;  Ward  1, 
Charles  K.  Packard,  Richard  Hutchinson,  S.  H.  Stockman;  Ward  2,  William  P.  Bearce,  Dana  Goff, 
Samuel  F.  Merrill;  Ward  3,  Ellery  F.  Goss,  B.  C.  Keen,  Abram  Atwood;  Ward  4,  Isaac  Haskell, 
Andrew  M.  Peables,  Rufus  Penley;  Ward  5,  George  E.  Strout,  Leonard  Hicks,  Benjamin  A.  Rideout. 

1876— Mayor,  James  Dingley.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Fred  A.  Allen;  Ward  2,  William  P.  Bearce; 
Ward  3,  Ellery  F.  Goss;  Ward  4,  William  W.  Bolster;  Ward  5,  Ether  S.  Paul.  City  Clerk,  George  S. 
Woodman.  Common  Council,  President,  George  E.  Strout;  Clerk,  Murray  B.  Watson;  Ward  1, 
Alden  B.  Crafts,  George  H.  A.  Bradbury,  Milburn  Furbish;  Ward  2,  Almon  L.  Goss,  Benjamin  F. 
Sturgis,  Charles  S.Emerson;  Ward  3,  Abram  Atwood,  B.  C.  Keen,  John  B.  Jordan;  Waril  4,  J. 
Dingley,  Jr,  Jacob  Larrabee,  Everett  W.  Burgess;  Ward  5,  Leonard  Hicks,  George  E.  Strout, 
Benjamin  A.  Rideout. 

1877  —Mayor,  Hannibal  R.  Smith.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Oscar  D.  Bailey;  Ward  2,  Benjamin  F. 
Sturgis;  Ward  3,  Ellery  F.  Goss;  Ward  4,  William  W.  Bolster;  Ward  5,  Freedom  Haskell.  City  Clerk, 
George  S.  Woodman.  Common  Council,  President,  John  B.  Jordan;  Clerk,  Murray  B.  Watson; 
Ward  1,  Charles  A.  Kinsley,  George  A.  H.  Bradbury,  H.  O.  Whitman;  Ward  2,  Almon  L.  Goss, 
Thomas  Littlefield,  William  P.  Bearce;  Ward  3,  John  B.  Jordan,  Jabez  H.  Merrill,  Charles  E.  Smith, 
Ward  4,  J.  Dingley,  Jr,  Jacob  Larrabee,  Everett  W.  Burgess;  Ward  .5,  N.  H.  Woodbury,  Dexter  W. 
Verrill,  Charles  Flagg. 

1878— Mayor,  Hannibal  R.  Smith.  Aldermen,  Ward  1,  Oscar  D.  Bailey;  Ward  2,  Ezekiel 
Eveleth;   Ward  3,  Seth  P.  Miller;  Ward  4,  Nathaniel  I.  Jordan;  Ward  5,  George  W.  Wagg.     City 


626  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Clerk,  George  S.  "Woodman.  Common  Council,  President,  Augustus  M.  Pulsifer;  Cleric,  Murray  B, 
Watson;  Ward  1,  Charles  H.  Record,  Joseph  E.  Metcalf,  Herbert  S.  Whitman;  AVard  2,  Thomas 
Littlefield,  Joshua  W.  Beede,  Daniel  Lara;  Ward  3,  Jabez  H.  Merrill,  John  Pickard,  Wallace  K. 
Oakes;  Ward  4,  Calvin  S.  Libby,  James  W.  Peables,  Augustus  M.  Pulsifer;  Ward  5,  N.  H.  Woodbury, 
Charles  C.  Rowe,  David  S.  Whitehouse. 

1879  —  Mayor,  Thomas  Littlefield.  Aldermen,  President,  Seth  P.  Miller;  Ward  1,  Charles  H. 
Record;  Ward  2,  Ezekiel  Eveleth;  Ward  3,  Seth  P.  Miller;  Ward  4,  Nathaniel  I.  Jordan;  Ward  5, 
George  W.  Wagg.  Cit^j  Clerk,  Henry  M.  Sprague.  Common  Council,  President,  Wallace  K.  Oakes. 
Clerk,  Murray  B.  Watson;  Ward  1,  Royal  J.  Bradbury,  Edward  W.  Bird,  Herbert  S.  Whitman;  Ward 
2,  Daniel  Lara,  John  Stinson,  H.  R.  Bisbee;  Ward  3,  John  Pickard,  Wallace  K.  Oakes,  Henry  Willis; 
Ward  4,  James  AV.  Peables,  Isaac  Haskell,  J.  T.  W.  Stinchfleld;  AVard  5,  Charles  Thur.ston,  (reorge  AV. 
AVoodbury,  David  S.  AVhitehouse. 

1880  —  Mayor,  Thomas  Littlefield.  Aldebmen,  Prenldent,  Edwin  T.  Gile;  AVard  1,  J.  E.  Metcalf; 
Ward  2,  Edwin  T.  Gile;  AVard  3,  Jabez  H.  Merrill;  AVard  4,  Benjamin  F.  Briggs;  AA^ard  5,  Moses 
Crafts.  City  Clerk,  Henry  M.  Sprague.  Common  Council,  President,  Ebenezer  Jordan;  Clerk,  Alton 
J.  Shaw;  AVard  1,  E.  AV.  Bird,  Charles  H.  Record,  AV.  F.  Munroe;  AVard  2,  H.  R.  Bisbee,  H.  B. 
Sawyer,  Joseph  Goss;  AVard  3,  AVilliam  A.  Robinson,  John  F.  Clifford,  Nathan  AV.  Harris;  AVard  4, 
Albert  M.  Penley,  Horatio  B.  Pulsifer,  Ebenezer  Jordan;  AVard  5,  Charles  Thurston,  Daniel  H. 
Rendall,  Samuel  Farnham. 

1881  —  Mayor,  George  S.  AVoodman.  Aldermen,  President,  Horatio  B.  Pulsifer;  Ward  1,  Lucius 
C.Dunham;  AVard  2,  Joseph  Goss;  Ward  3,  Jabez  H.  Merrill;  Ward  4,  Horatio  B.  Pulsifer;  Ward  5, 
John  Stinson.  City  Clerk,  J.  W.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  Nathan  AV.  Harris;  Clerk, 
Alton  J.  Shaw;  AVard  1,  Joseph  Q.  Edmonds,  J.  P.  Garcelon,  Francis  Packard;  Ward  2,  David  P. 
Field,  Horatio  B.  Sawyer,  Edwin  O.  Wells;  Ward  3,  William  A.  Robinson,  John  F.  Clifford,  Nathan 
W.  Harris;  AVard  4,  John  AV.  May,  Edson  G.  Spofford,  AVinfield  S.  Larrabee;  AVard  5,  Algernon  M. 
Roak,  George  AV.  AVagg,  Isaiah  V.  McKenuey. 

1882  —  Mayor,  George  S.  AVoodman.  Aldermen,  President,  George  AV.  AVagg;  AVard  1,  AV.  F. 
Munroe;  AVard  2,  Daniel  Lara;  AVard  3,  N.  AV.  Harris;  Ward  4,  E.  G.  Spofford;  AVard  5,  George  AV. 
AVagg.  City  Clerk,  J.  AV.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  AVilliam  A.  Robinson;  Clerk,  Fred 
O.  AVatson;  AVard  1,  Francis  Packard,  J.  P.  Garcelon,  AVilliam  H.  Briggs;  AVard  2,  David  P.  Field, 
Edwin  O.  AVells,  Charles  AV.  Campbell;  AVard  3,  AVm  A.  Robinson,  B.  F.  Teague,  Edmund  Libby; 
AVard  4,  A.  M.  Penley,  L.  AV.  Haskell,  John  T.  AV.  Stinchfield;  AVard  5,  D.  AV.  Kinsley,  S.  R. 
Robinson,  S.  S.  Merrill. 

1883 — Mayor,  George  S.  AVoodman.  Aldermen,  President,  Nathan  AV.  Harris;  AVard  1,  Harrison 
O.  AVhitman;  AVard  2,  David  P.  Field;  AVard  3,  Nathan  AV.  Harris;  AVard  4,  Lewis  AV.  Haskell;  AVard 
5,  George  AV.  AVagg.  City  Clerk,  J.  AV.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  Charles  AV.  Campbell; 
Clerk,  Fred  O.  AVatson;  AVard  1,  AVilliam  H.  Briggs,  Seth  Briggs,  Fred  AV.  Hutchinson;  AVard  2, 
Charles  AV.  Campbell,  Thomas  Littlefield,  George  AV.  Curtis;  AVard  3,  Benjamin  F.  Teague,  Edmund 
Libby,  Henry  AV.  Oakes;  AVard  4,  N.  C.  Estes,  Solomon  Larrabee,  Albert  Jordan;  AVard  5,  Samuel  R. 
Robinson,  Royal  M.  Mason,  Charles  E.  Marvel. 

1884  —  Mayor,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis.  Aldermen,  President,  David  P.  Field;  AVard  1,  Harrison  O. 
AVhitman;  AVard  2,  David  P.  Field;  AVard  3,  Edmund  Libby;  AVard  4,  Albert  M.  Penley;  AVard  5, 
Samuel  R.  Robinson.  C«7?/ C7e/'^,  J.  AV.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  Ansel  Briggs;  Clerk, 
Fred  O.  AVatson;  AVard  1,  Seth  Briggs,  Fred  AV.  Hutchinson,  Ansel  Briggs;  AVard  2,  George  AV.  Curtis, 
Benjamin  F.  Beals,  Horace  Goff;  AVard  3,  Henry  AV.  Oakes,  N.  M.  Neal,  John  N.  Foster;  AVard  4, 
Henry  Lowell,  Frank  A.  Haskell,  Charles  A.  Jordan;  AVard  5,  Charles  E.  Marvel,  Stephen  S.  Merrill, 
Delance  Young. 

1885  —  Mayor,  Lewis  AV.  Haskell.  Aldermen,  President,  Ansel  Briggs;  AVard  1,  Ansel  Briggs; 
AVard  2,  George  AV.  Curtis;  AVard  3,  A.  P.  Lamb;  AVard  4,  C.  A.  Jordan;  AVard  5,  Albert  A.  Young. 
City  Clerk,  J.  AV.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  John  N.  Foster;  AVard  1,  E.  S.  Crafts,  H.  N . 
Johnson,  J.AVesley  Ricker;  AVard  2,  B.  F.  Beals,  James  AVhite,  James  L.  Lowell;  AVard  3,  N.  M. 
Neal,  John  N.  Foster,  AV.  F.  Lord;  AVard  4,  C.  S.  Bond,  G.  M.  Atkins,  F.  G.  Vickery;  AVard  5,  Charles 
H.  Stevens,  Stephen  S.  Merrill,  Peter  M.  Austin;  Clerk,  Fred  O.  AVatson. 

188()  — Mayor,  Lewis  AV.  Haskell.  Aldermen,  President,  A.  P.  Lamb;  AVard  1,  Ansel  Briggs; 
AVard  2;  Isaac  AV.  Harris;  AVard  3,  A.  P.  Lamb;  AVard  4,  G.  M.  Atkins;  AVard  5,  Albert  A.  Young. 
City  Clerk,  Rodney  F.  Foss.  Common  Council,  President,  Charles  S.  Yeaton;  AVard  1,  H.  N.  John- 
son, J.  AV.  Ricker,  Stafford  B.  Jones;  AVard  2,  John  T.  Hale,  Charles  S.  Yeaton,  Charles  H.  Parker; 
AVard  3,  Charles  E.  Libby,  George  E.  Bisbee,  P.  M.  Bickford;  AVard  4,  S.  K.  Ballard,  A.  AV.  Miller, 
AV.  S.  Larrabee;  AVard  5,  Josiah  AV.  Littlefield,  V.  P.  Buck,  P.  xM.  Austin;  Clerk,  C.  C.  Jordan. 


City  of  Auburn.  627 


1887  —  Mayor,  Albert  M.  Penley.  Aldermen,  Pre.tldent,  John  N.  Foster;  Ward  1,  J.  W.  Ricker; 
Ward  2,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis;  Ward  3,  John  N.  Foster;  Ward  4,  H.  C.  Day;  Ward  5,  James  L.  Martin 
Citj/  Clerk,  J.  W.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  N.  M.  Neal;  Ward  1,  H.  N.  Johnson,  George 
F.  Rollins,  Stafford  B.  Jones;  Ward  2,  John  T.  Hale,  James  L.  Lowell,  Herbert  L.  Foss;  Ward  3, 
J.  E.  Tibbetts,  E.  G.  Heath,  Seth  Manley;  Ward  4,  James  Dingley,  A.  C.  Snow,  Lanrent  Laberge; 
Ward  5,  N.  M.  Neal,  F.  R.  Rounds,  H.  L.  Haskell;  Clerk,  John  H.  Neal. 

1888  —  Mayor,  Albert  M.  Penley.  Aldermen,  President,  John  N.  Foster;  Ward  1,  Horace  N. 
Johnson;  Ward  2,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis;  Ward  3,  John  N.  Foster;  Ward  4,  Horace  C.  Day;  Ward  5, 
James  L.  Martin.  Citif  Clerk,  J.  W.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  N.  M.  Neal;  Ward  1, 
S.  B.  Jones,  George  F.  Rollins,  Dana  B.  Holmes;  Ward  2,  Herbert  L.  Foss,  D.  B.  Stevens,  R.  S.  Brad- 
bury; Ward  3,  John  E.  Tibbetts,  E.  G.  Heath,  Seth  Manley;  Ward  4,  A.  C.  Snow,  Lanrent  Laberge, 
Charles  E.  Greenleaf;  Ward  5,  N.  M.  Neal,  Harry  L.  Haskell.  Charles  Stackpole;  Clerk,  John  H.  Neal. 

1889  —  Mayor,  Albert  R.  Savage.  Aldermen,  President,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis,  M.D.;  Ward  1, 
Stafford  B.  Jones;  Ward  2,  Benjamin  F.  Sturgis;  Ward  3,  John  E.  Tibbetts;  Ward  4,  P.  H.  Kelleher; 
Ward  5,  Harry  L.  Haskell.  Cily  Clerk,  J.  W.  Mitchell.  Common  Council,  President,  T.  E.  Eustis; 
Ward  1,  Dana  B.  Holmes,  Charles  F.  Curtis,  Daniel  W.  Kinsley;  Ward  2,  Russell  S.  Bradbury, 
Herbert  L.  Fo.ss,  Daniel  B.  Stevens;  Ward  3,  T.  Everett  Eustis,  Raymond  Toothaker,  Charles  W. 
Dexter;  Ward  4,  Charles  E.  Greenleaf,  L.  O.  Brackett,  Thomas  Marsden;  Ward  5,  Samuel  B.  Smith, 
Frank  ^Martin,  Charles  Stackpole;  Clerk,  George  E.  McCann. 

1800  —  Mayor,  Albert  R.  Savage.  Aldermen,  President,  T  E.  Eustis;  Ward  1,  Dana  B.  Holmes; 
Ward  2,  Winchester  G.  Lowell;  Ward  3,T.  Everett  Eustis;  Ward  4,  I.  N.  Haskell;  Ward  5,  Harry  L. 
Haskell.  Cit;/  Clerk,  George  G.  Gifford.  Common  Council,  President,  George  E.  McCann;  Ward  1, 
Daniel  W.  Kinsley,  Charles  F.  Curtis,  Thomas  Dillingham;  Ward  2,  Charles  H.  Briggs,  George  E. 
Davis,  James  M.  Stevens;  Ward  3,  Raymond  Toothaker,  Charles  W.  Dexter,  Henry  H.  Hanson;  Ward 
4,  George  E.  McCann,  Orrel  F.  Brown,  J:dmund  H.  Soper;  Ward  5,  Samuel  B.  Smith,  Isaiah  V. 
McKeimey,  Elbridge  G.  Robinson;  (Jlcrk,  J.  H.  Neal. 

1891  —  Mayor,  Albert  R.  Savage.  Aldermen,  President,  T.  E.  Eustis;  Ward  1,  Daniel  W.  Kinsley; 
Ward  2,  Winchester  G.  Lowell;  Ward  3,  T.  Everett  Eustis;  Ward  4,  I.  N.  Haskell;  Ward  5,  Samuel 
B.  Smith.  City  Clerk,  George  G.  Gifford.  Common  Council,  President,  Charles  F.  Curtis;  Ward  1, 
Charles  F.  Curtis,  Roland  S.  Woodward,  Wellington  D.  Curtis;  Ward  2,  Charles  H.  Briggs,  George  E. 
Davis,  James  M.  Stevens;  Ward  3,  Henry  H.  Hanson,  Henry  W.  Cakes,  E.  H.  Hutchins;  Ward  4,  A. 
A.  Garcelon,  John  P.  Auger,  Edmund  H.  Soper;  Ward  5,  Elbridge  G.  Robinson,  Samuel  S.  Ashworth, 
Charles  E.  Marvel;  Clerk,  J.  H.  Neal;  Treasurer,  George  E.  McCann. 


CHAPTER    XXXVI. 


Early  Shoe  JMaiuiracturing  —  Pi-ogres-s  ffam  1860  to  1870  —  Manufactiirei-s  Twenty  Years 
Ago  — Statistics  fi-om  1871  to  I88I  —  Mannfactufers  Ten  Years  Ago— From  1881  to  1891  — 
Shoe  and  Other  Manufactories,  January,  1891  — The  Sl)oe  Companies  —  Other  Manufact- 
uring—  ISIinor  Industries,  etc. 

AUBURN  is  the  shoe  city  of  Maine,  and  here  was  the  first  attempt  made  in 
tlie  state  to  develop  shoe  manufacturing  as  now  conducted.  A  charter 
was  granted  by  the  legislature  to  the  Minot  Shoe  Company,  organized  at 
West  Auburn,  January  2,  1885,  with  a  capital  first  of  -$5,000,  but  soon  made 
<|10,000,  and  with  Asaph  Howard,  Martin  Crafts,  Charles  Briggs,  Gershom  B. 
Holmes,  Benjamin  Johnson,  Timothy  Bailey,  Eliphalet  Packard,  Nehemiah 
Packard,  George  Ricker,  Austin  Kingsley,  William  Ladd,  and  others  as  stock- 
holders.    Asaph  Howard,  president ;  Eliphalet  Packard,  clerk  and  treasurer ; 


628  .  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 


Charles  Briggs  and  Nehemiah  Packard,  directors.  Work  was  begun  in  the 
dwelling  of  Mr  Crafts  in  May,  1836,  Moses  Crafts  helping  cut  the  first  case  ; 
in  November  a  shop  was  completed,  and  the  manufacturing  removed  thither. 
A  o-ood  quality  of  work  was  made,  but  the  character  of  goods  required  to  suit 
a  general  market  and  the  proper  method  to  make  soles  do  not  appear  to  have 
been  understood.  In  the  first  two  years  of  operation  a  large  amount  of  work 
accumulated,  and  in  anticipation  of  an  early  sale  of  the  goods  a  dividend  of 
13  per  cent,  was  declared,  for  which  the  company  gave  notes.  The  third  year 
was  unprofitable  and  no  dividend  was  declared.  David  Green,  of  Auburn, 
then  became  agent,  and  while  on  business  for  the  company  embarked  on  the 
steamer  Lexington  on  the  trip  on  which  it  was  burned,  and  was  found  frozen 
to  death  in  a  small  boat  that  drifted  to  the  shore.  Jacob  H.  Roah,  a  son  of 
Martin  Rourk,  of  Durham,  who  had  conducted  a  boot  and  shoe  store  at  Goff's 
Corner  since  1835,  succeeded  Mr  Green  as  agent,  and  a  year  later  bought  the 
stock  at  less  than  one-eighth  of  its  par  value.  Notwithstanding  the  ill  luck, 
some  of  the  pioneers  continued  to  manufacture,  others  followed  their  example  ; 
the  demands  of  the  market  as  to  kind  and  quality  of  goods  came  to  be  under- 
stood, and  the  result  has  been  the  phenomenal  growth  of  Auburn's  shoe 
industry,  and  a  development  through  its  means  of  a  wealthy  city  of  nearly 
12,000  population.  Jacob  H.  Roak  from  1810  gave  his  energy  to  the  upbuilding 
of  this  important  industry,  and  was  the  promoter  of  many  of  Auburn's  leading 
business  interests. 

J.  H.  Roak  &  Co.  (E.  F.  Packard,  Samuel  Pickard)  commenced  manu- 
facturing in  1847  on  the  site  of  Phcenix  Block.  Mr  Packard  was  son  of  Gen. 
Eliphalet  Packard,  an  early  pioneer  in  the  Southern  shoe  market  and  a  stock- 
holder in  the  Minot  Shoe  Company.  This  firm  at  first  made  men's  coarse  work 
for  New  England  country  trade.  The  factory  was  burned  in  1855  and  re-estab- 
lished in  Phoenix  Block  as  Roak,  Packard  &  Co.  Later  Mr  Packard  bought 
Mr  Roak's  interest,  and  in  1804  B.  F.  Briggs  became  partner  in  the  firm  of 
E.  F.  Packard  &  Co.  In  1873  the  brick  factory  on  Railroad  square  of  122x40 
feet,  with  five  floors,  was  built.  Steam  furnished  both  power  and  heat.  The 
firm  this  year  produced  6,000  pairs  of  shoes  weekly  of  goods  for  Southern  and 
Western  trade.  Frank  H.  Packard  became  a  member  in  1874.  Over  200 
operatives  were  employed,  and  the  weekly  product  was  9,000  pairs.  In  1879 
Frank  H.  Briggs  was  one  of  the  firm.     In  1882  the  business  was  discontinued. 

James  Munroe  &  Co.  In  1843  C.  S.  Packard  and  Noble  N.  Munroe 
purchased  the  interest  of  Jacob  H.  Roak  in  the  busniess  at  West  Auburn,  and 
commenced  operations  as  Packard  &  Munroe.  In  1846  James  Munroe  became 
partner,  and  the  firm  name  of  C.  S.  Packard  &  Co.  was  assumed,  which,  upon 
the  retirement  of  Mr  Packard,  became  James  Munroe  &  Co.  Nelson  H. 
Munroe  was  soon  taken  into  the  firm,  and,  five  years  later,  was  succeeded  by 
H.  M,  Packard.     A  business  of  large  proportions  was  developed,  which,  under 


City  of  Auburn.  629 


the  names  of  James  Munroe  &  Co.  and  Munroe  Manufacturing  Co.,  continued 
without  change  until  the  death  of  Noble  N.  Munroe  in  ISSG.  The  shoe  man- 
ufacturing was  discontinued,  however,  in  1880,  having  been  in  constant  opera- 
tion for  30  years,  except  two  months  in  1861,  when  preparations  were  going  on 
for  war.  The  business  was  in  its  greatest  prosperity  from  1865  to  1875,  but 
was  ever  conducted  in  a  thrifty  way  and  to  the  prosperity  of  the  community. 
During  the  whole  course  of  business  every  dollar  of  indebtedness  was  met  by 
payments  in  full.  Mr  James  Munroe  resides  at  West  Auburn  and  is  one  of 
the  wealthiest  men  of  the  city. 

At  first  manufacturing  was  done  in  a  })rimitive  manner,  and  the  product 
was  a  coarse,  heavy  article.  The  work  was  cut  out  by  the  manufacturer,  aided 
sometimes  by  a  "cutter  "  or  two,  in  a  small  room  or  shop,  and  then  sent  to  the 
dwellings  of  the  community,  where  the  men  and  women  worked  at  bottoming, 
stitching,  etc.  Everything  was  done  by  hand ;  no  labor-saving  machinery 
being  introduced  until  about  1850.  With  the  introduction  of  machinery  and 
the  making  of  a  finer  class  of  goods,  a  more  S3'stematic  method  of  manufacture 
came  into  operation.  Factories  were  built  where  the  labor  was  done  under  the 
careful  supervision  of  competent  overseers,  and  by  the  aid  of  machinery  run 
by  steam-power.  This  factory  system  was  generally  adopted  by  1870,  though 
some  of  the  work  was  still  "farmed  out."  From  that  time  the  tendency  has 
been  towards  large  shops  fitted  with  modern  accessories  of  science,  steam-power 
and  heat,  gas  and  electricity  for  light,  elevators,  etc.,  for  the  more  easy  hand- 
ling of  materials  and  products.  The  development  of  Lewiston  Falls,  with  the 
facility  for  shipment  afforded  by  the  railroad  caused  the  shoe  manufacturers 
to  largely  locate  there,  and  from  1860  to  1870  the  population  of  that  part  of 
Auburn  lying  within  four  miles  of  Court  street  bridge  nearly  doubled.  This 
was  largely  due  to  shoe  manufacturing  and  the  business  it  created.  In  1865 
this  manufacturing  amounted  to  11,000,000  annually,  paying  for  labor  §300,000, 
excise  tax  -160,000,  freight  -130,000,  stock  -f 520,000,  and  producing  600,000  pairs 
of  shoes.  From  the  incorporation  of  Auburn  as  a  city  this  industry  has  been 
the  one  overshadowing  all  others.  General  business  improved  with  the 
progress  of  the  shoe  business.  Real  estate  brought  higher  prices.  There  was 
a  brisk  demand  for  building  lots,  an  influx  of  a  good  class  of  citizens,  a  rapid 
and  solid  growth,  and  the  new  city  attained  prominence  for  its  activity,  push, 
and  amount  of  business  done.  According  to  statistics  carefull}^  compiled  by 
the  Lewiston  Journal,  in  1871  the  total  manufacturing  capital  was  -^1,900,000, 
of  which  -tl, 300,000  was  used  in  the  shoe  business,  and  only  -1550,000  was 
corporate  capital.  The  number  of  shoe  factories  was  21.  These  used  3,000,000 
pounds  of  leather,  made  over  2,367,000  pairs  of  shoes,  valued  at  $2,377,000, 
and  employed  2,137  operatives,  with  an  annual  pay-roll  of  $554,600.  The 
total  amount  of  manufacturing  of  Auburn  in  1871  was  -$3,071,000,  and  the 
aggregate  pay-roll  $621,600. 


630  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Manufacturers  Twenty  Years  Ago.  In  1871  the  shoe  manufact- 
urers were  Ara  Cu.'<hman  ^-  Co.  (Court  street),  enipk)yiug  650  hands,  producing 
500  cases  a  week;  B.  F.  Packard  ^  Co.  (Phoenix  Block),  300  hands,  100  cases 
a  week;  Jamen  Munroe  <f  Co.  (West  Auburn),  300  hands,  100  cases  weekly; 
Hoses  Crafts  ^  Co.  (Railroad  square),  100  hands,  60  cases  weekly;  Little, 
Smith  <f  Co.  (Phoenix  Block),  78  hands,  30  cases  weekly;  J.  H.  Roak  ^  Co. 
(Phoenix  Block),  61  hands,  1,200  cases  yearly  ;  John  F.  Cohh  ^  Co.  (Pickard 
Block),  82  hands,  1,400  cases  annually;  Pidsifer,  Roak  ^  Co.  (Roak  Block), 
72  hands,  30  cases  weekly;  Miller  c^  Randall  (Main  street),  47  hands,  1,235 
cases  yearly;  /.  C.  Lomhard  ^f  Co.  (Court  street),  100  hands,  900  cases  boots, 
and  800  cases  slices  and  slippers  in  the  year;  Pray,  Shaw  ^  Co.  (Phoinix 
Block),  76  hands,  1,868  cases  of  boots;  L.  B.  Kinsley  cf  Co.  (Railroad  street), 
51  operatives,  30  cases  weekly;  Keith  cf  Berry  (West  Auburn),  50  hands,  25 
cases  weekly;  D.  Harwood  cf  Co.  (North  Auburn),  40  hands,  24  cases  weekly; 
H.  G.  Garcelon  (Railroad  street),  24  hands,  250  cases  yearly;  George  Hill 
(School  street),  13  hands,  5  cases  weekly;  G.  H.  Cook  (Main  street)  18  hands, 
400  cases  in  the  year;  G.  A.  Trufant,  20  hands,  9  cases  weekly.  The  other 
manufacturers  were  3Illler  (j'  Randall,  tannery,  employing  20  hands,  annually 
producing  from  15,000  to  20,000  sides  of  harness,  belt,  and  upper  leather,  and 
3,000  to  5,000  calf-skins,  valued  at  1^150,000;  B.  B.  Fuller,  employing  30 
hands  in  the  manufacture  of  inner  soles,  and  furnishing  steam-power  to  the 
shoe  factories  in  Roak  and  PhcBuix  Blocks;  The  Auburn  Iron  Foundry  and 
Mannfarturing  Co.  was  formed  with  a  capital  of  150,000;  Dingley,  Foss  tf  Co. 
employed  7  hands  in  the  City  Mills  on  Royalls  river,  Danville  Junction,  where 
they  made  80,000  bushels  of  meal  and  4,000  barrels  of  flour  annually;  Willis, 
Parsons  ^  Co.,  at  their  mill  on  Ta3'lor  brook,  manufactured  annually  3,000 
barrels  of  flour  and  50,000  bushels  of  meal,  and  employed  5  men,  and,  with 
their  wool-carding  machine,  made  10,000  rolls  yearly;  J.  E.  Tihhetts,  in  his 
mill  east  of  Turner  street,  manufactured  25,000  bushels  of  meal;  Bradford, 
Conant  tf  Co.  employed  25  men  at  East  Auburn,  produced  300  sets  of  chamber 
furniture  annually,  and  cut  300,000  feet  of  lumber;  Packard  cj-  Conant 
employed  10  men,  and,  at  their  mill  on  Little  Androscoggin  river,  cut  400,000 
feet  of  hemlock  lumber  and  made  from  40,000  to  50,000  boxes;  Huston  .f 
Boynton  employed  11  hands  in  their  bakery,  where  they  consumed  1,800  barrels 
of  flour  annually  in  making  crackers  and  bread;  JVltitmore  cj'  Bennett,  carriage 
manufacturers,  employed  7  men  and  made  50  carriages  annually;  Stephens, 
Kimball  Jf-  Son  employed  5  men  and  made  30  carriages  annually;  K.  R.  Smith 
employed  7  men  in  his  marble  works;  F.  W.  Gross  made  55,000  pounds  of 
sausage  yearly,  and  1,500  pounds  of  lard  weekly,  and  packed  1,000  hogs  a 
year;  G.  K.  Field,  with  three  hands,  made  10,000  feet  of  cement  drain  pipe 
annually.  The  Little  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Co.  had  just  completed  a  danr 
and  commenced  a  canal  and  bulk-heads. 


City  of  Auburn.  631 


In  1872  the  manufacturing  capital  was  13,063,000,  $2,400,000  in  shoe 
business.  The  total  value  of  manufactures  was  '13,787,500,  of  which  the  shoe 
product  claims  $3,415,000.  The  number  of  factories  was  20,  which  used 
4,658,700  pounds  of  leather,  and  produced  2,500,000  pairs  of  shoes  and  boots. 
2,196  hands  were  employed,  and  the  annual  pay-roll  was  $836,400.  The 
product  of  the  other  manufacturing  was  #372,500.  There  was  an  increase  of 
about  25  per  cent,  in  manufacturing  in  1873,  without  Barker  Mill,  which 
"started  up"  December  8.  The  total  manufacturing  capital  this  year  is 
13,863,000 ;  of  this  -13,000,000  belongs  to  the  shoe  industry.  The  leather  used 
is  estimated  at  7,000,000  pounds.  There  were  3,851,520  pairs  of  boots  and 
shoes  made,  valued  at  $4,000,000.  The  total  value  of  manufactured  products 
was  $4,744,600,  with  $936,500  paid  to  3,478  operatives;  834  females,  2,243 
males,  in  the  shoe  factories,  who  received  $850,000  wages.  Nearly  all  the 
factories  had  steam-power.  The  capital  for  1874  is  given  as  $2,250,000, 
$1,250,000  in  shoe  business.  The  leather  used  in  the  19  factories  was  7,000,000 
pounds ;  over  3,850,000  pairs  of  boots  and  shoes  were  made,  and  their  value 
was  $3,250,000.  The  total  value  of  manufactures  was  $3,994,000.  In  1875 
there  were  15  shoe  factories,  producing  3,967,626  pairs  of  boots  and  shoes, 
valued  at  $3,000,000.  .  The  other  manufacturing  produced  goods  valued  at 
$744,000.  The  manufacturing  capital  is  rated  as  $2,000,000,  one-half  credited 
to  the  shoe  industry.  Considering  the  wide-spread  depression  of  business, 
losses  by  Western  failures,  and  the  universal  shrinkage  of  values.  Auburn 
makes  a  creditable  showing. 

Various  causes  operated  unfavorably  on  business  in  1876.  The  output  of 
the  factories  was  not  as  large  as  in  1875,  only  3,665,700  pairs.  Business  was 
more  lively  than  for  several  years,  but  it  was  the  poorest  year  for  profit  since 
1857.  Workmen  were,  however,  more  steadily  employed  than  in  1875.  Wages 
ranged  about  50  cents  a  day  less  than  the  highest  figures  of  the  war,  prices 
being:  Lasters  $1.75  per  case,  heelers  $1.60  per  case,  trimmers  $1.50  per  half- 
case,  peggers  30  to  40  cents  per  case;  the  average  pay  of  first-class  workmen 
$2  per  da}^  and  girls'  wages  from  $1  to  $1.25  a  day.  The  total  value  of  manu- 
facturing is  given  as  $3,500,000.  1877  was  the  closest  year  for  Auburn  shoe 
men  since  1858.  The  production  was  but  69,300  pairs  less  than  in  1876,  but 
from  the  unseasonable  weather  in  the  West  and  South  the  demand  largely  fell 
off,  inducing  unscrupulous  competition  by  manufacturers  in  other  states,  so 
that  the  year  closed  with  no  profits.  Labor  agitation  and  strikes  occurred 
to  some  extent.  The  total  value  for  the  year  was  $3,425,100,  of  which 
$3,000,000  was  that  of  the  shoe  factories.  3,596,400  pairs  were  made.  The 
annual  pay-roll  of  the  manufacturing  industries  was  $800,000,  the  shoe  factories 
paying  $650,000.  The  number  of  employes  was  3,500,  3,077  in  the  shoe 
business.  In  1878  there  was  a  decreased  production,  the  number  of  pairs 
made  being  3,256,740.      There  was  a  large  falling  off  in  the  number  of  opera- 


632  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


tives  as  improvements  in  machinery  enabled  manufacturers  to  produce  goods 
with  less  help,  while  the  capital  employed  remained  unchanged.  In  1879  the 
value  of  manufactured  goods  is  14,100,000,  a  flattering  increase  over  that  of 
1878  (13,400,000).  The  shoe  industry  is  in  better  shape,  its  product  of 
07,334  cases  from  its  fourteen  factories  amounting  to  -$3, 750,000.  The  business 
of  1880  was  slightly  in  excess  of  1879,  the  number  of  cases  made  being  76,824. 
The  annual  shoe  pay-roll  is  .^943, 000,  the  value  of  the  product  about  that  of 
1879.  2,300  operatives  are  given  work  in  manufacturing;  1,789  in  the  making 
of  shoes.  The  heavy  pegged  shoes  of  earlier  days  are  being  replaced  by  finer 
sewed  work. 

Manufacturers  Ten  Years  Ago.  In  1881  Ara  Cushman  ^  Co.  (Court 
street)  employed  675  hands,  produced  31,000  cases.  Pay-roll  ^13,250  per 
month.  Packard.,  Briggs  ^  Co.  (Railroad  street),  205  hands,  150  cases,  or 
9,000  pairs  of  shoes  weekly.  Pay-roll  monthly  |8,000.  M.  Crafts  ^  Co.  (Rail- 
road square),  130  hands,  120  cases  weekly.  Pay-roll  $4,000  monthly.  L.  B. 
Kinsley  (j-  Co.  (Railroad  street),  50  hands.  Pay-roll  -$1,600  monthly.  John 
F.  Cobb  cj-  Co.  (Main  street),  118  hands,  and  did  a  business  of  $150,000. 
Miller  ^  Randall  (Main  street),  103  hands  in  shoe  factory,  and  25  hands  in 
tannery,  where  they  made  12,000  sides  of  harness,  belt,  and  upper  leather,  4,000 
kip,  and  from  4,000  to  5,000  calf-skins.  They  also  made  20,000  pairs  of  lasts. 
Smith.,  Pray  ^  Co.  (Roak  Block),  65  hands,  made  50  cases  of  ladies'  and 
misses'  boots,  and  had  an  annual  production  of  $150,000.  (This  firm  suc- 
ceeded Smith,  Little  &  Co.,  in  1874.)  Cay,  Foss  ^  Co.  (Roak  Block),  200 
hands,  and  made  250  cases.  Monroe  Manufacturing  Company  (West  Auburn), 
150  hands,  produced  women's  and  children's  heavy-pegged  shoes,  and  are  add- 
ing men's  fine  calf  and  buff.  John  B.  Wise  (Roak  Block),  4  men,  product 
$4,000.  Bingley,  Strout  <|-  Co.  (Railroad  square),  90  hands,  fine  calf  and  buff 
shoes  and  serge  and  beaver  boots,  etc.  Weekly  pay-roll  $1,000.  North.  Auburn 
Boot  and  Shoe  Manufacturing  Co.  This  cooperative  shoj)  had  a  capacity  of 
100,000  cases  annually,  employed  68  hands,  but  did  little  work  during  the 
year.  Other  Manufactures.  Auburn  Last  Co..,  5  men,  made  100  pairs  of 
lasts  daily.  A.  W.  Cox  ^  Co.,  3  men,  made  300  pairs  of  lasts  monthly.  M.  B. 
Pulsifer,  48  hands,  made  yearly  20,000  cases  inner  soles,  5,000  cases  leather 
counters,  and  30,000  cases  leather  board  counters;  value  $35,000.  Knowles  ^ 
Spooner.,  25  hands,  made  15,000  shoe  heels  a  day.  J.  B.  Hunton.,  employed  6 
hands  on  shoe  trimmings  and  suspenders.  Eaton  (f  Strout  made  50  dozen 
sus[)enders  daily  with  4  men.  Barker  Mill,  200  females  and  65  males,  used 
2,700  bales  of  cotton  in  making  4,000,000  yards  of  fine  40-inch  sheeting. 
Auburn  Foundry  Co.  employed  14  men  ;  annual  product  $40,000.  Woodman, 
Foss  ^  Co.,  100  hands,  made  overalls,  shirts,  and  pantaloons.  Benjamin  Conant 
employed  10  men  in  sawing  lumber  and  making  wooden  boxes.  J.  E.  Moore 
employed  9  men  in  making  226,00  pasteboard  boxes.      C.  T.  Nevens  had  8  men 


City  of  Auburn.  633 


in  his  carriage  shop.  Bradford.,  Conant  S^  Go.  employed  8  men  at  East  Auburn; 
annual  product  •$40,000.  Willie,  Parsoris  tf  Co.  manufactured  3,000  barrels 
flour  and  75,000  bushels  meal  on  Taylor  brook,  and  carded  10,000  rolls  of  wool. 
J.  E.  Tihbetts  ground  60,000  bushels  of  meal  at  the  head  of  Mill  street.  0.  G. 
Gohh  cf  Go.  (Danville  Junction)  ground  30,000  bushels  of  grain.  T.  A.  Hus- 
ton ^  Co.^  with  11  men,  made  12  barrels  of  crackers  daily.  There  were  three 
marble  and  granite  shops,  one  picture-frame  factory,  one  pork-packing  estab- 
lishment, one  wool-pulling  firm,  one  large  brick-yard,  and  other  minor  manu- 
factories. The  manufacturing  capital  employed  was  $2,000,000;  $1,000,000  in 
shoe  business.  800  females  and  1,600  males  were  at  work  ;  1,900  in  shoe 
factories.  The  aggregate  pay-roll  was  $800,000  ;  $600,000  that  of  the  14  shoe 
factories.     The  shoe  product  was  $3,000,000;  other  manufactories  $1,000,000. 

In  1882  several  large  factories  closed,  yet  others  were  increased  in  capacity, 
and  more  shoes  were  made  than  in  1881.  The  shipments  were  79,588  cases. 
A  better  quality  of  goods  was  made,  and  the  value  was  more  than  in  any 
previous  year.  In  other  industries  Auburn  produced  4,000,000  yards  of 
bleached  cottons,  300  sets  of  chamber  furniture,  1,000,000  bricks,  30,000 
crackers,  and  other  articles.  1883.  There  were  but  eight  shoe  firms  this  year 
after  the  removal,  in  July,  of  Gay,  Woodman  &  Co.  to  Lewiston.  Ara  Cush- 
man  &  Co.,  Moses  Crafts  Shoe  Co.,  Dingley,  Strout  &  Co.,  Smith,  Pray  &  Co., 
J.  F.  Cobb  &  Co.,  Foss,  Packard  &  Co.,  Wise  &  Cooper,  Monroe  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  yet  the  capital  employed  was  $1,000,000,  out  of  a  total  of  $1,500,000, 
and  the  number  of  cases  made  was  96,347,  valued  at  $3,500,000.  The  value 
of  the  products  of  other  manufacturing  was  $1,000,000.  1884.  This  year  was 
fraught  with  commotion  in  shoe  and  leather  circles,  and  the  factories  every- 
where were  impeded  by  the  dullness  of  the  times.  Notwithstanding  this,  the 
seven  Auburn  factories  produced  89,665  cases,  valued  at  $3,000,000.  The 
amount  of  leather  used  is  not  much  over  one-half  as  much  as  when  brogans 
and  coarse  boots  were  made ;  the  receipts  this  year  being  3,912,967  pounds. 
1885.  The  shoe  business  of  1885  did  not  quite  equal  1883  or  1884.  But  it 
was  noticeable  for  the  very  great  activity  in  the  last  three  months  of  the  year. 
There  were  few  vacations  in  the  factories,  and  in  both  men's  and  women's  work 
the  trade  was  brisk.  The  shipments  were  86,274  cases,  receipts  of  leather 
3,745,527  pounds,  value  of  product  about  $3,000,000.  In  1886  everything  was  in 
full  tide  of  success  and  activity.  130,878  cases  were  made  in  the  nine  factories, 
and  all  business  received  a  forward  impetus.  1887  produced  a  still  larger 
amount  of  work,  144,971  cases,  valued  at  $2,500,000,  which  gave  employment 
in  the  eight  shoe  factories  to  550  females  and  1,150  males.  The  value  of  the 
products  of  all  manufacturing  establishments  was  $5,000,000,  and  the  capital 
employed  was  $2,200,000. 

1887  was  the  first  year  of  the  corn-packing  industry  of  Auburn.  The  New 
Gloucester  Canning   Company  built  a  fine  factory,  and  Burnham  &  Morrill 


634  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


purchased  the  horse-raih'oad  stables  and  converted  them  into  one  of  the  finest 
corn  factories  in  Maine.  About  500  acres  of  sweet  corn  were  grown  in  both 
1887  and  1888,  and  from  .*20,000  to  $22,000  were  paid  for  corn  and  help. 

In  1888  the  shoe  business  was  in  excellent  condition.  Two  of  the  finest 
factories  in  Maine  were  built,  and  created,  in  a  narrow  limit,  one  of  the 
strongest  aggregations  of  shoe-producing  activity  in  New  England.  The  shoe 
capital  this  year  was  -12,500,000,  em[)l(^ying,  in  the  ten  factories,  550  females 
and  1,150  males,  with  a  pay-roll  of  1800,000,  and  a  product  of  176,319  cases, 
using  5,234,238  pounds  of  leather,  and  was  valued  at  $3,500,000.  In  1890  a 
very  fine  modern  factory  was  built  and  others  enlarged.  The  shipments  of 
shoes  were  much  larger  than  those  of  any  previous  year  —  219,048  cases. 
(These  were  larger  than  those  formerly  used.)  550  female  and  1,150  male 
operatives  were  employed,  the  annual  pay-roll  was  $800,000,  and  8,999,143 
pounds  of  leather  were  used.  When  the  prosperity  of  a  place  depends  upon 
any  one  industry,  other  business  fluctuates  with  it,  and  when  it  is  dull  men 
are  ofttimes  in  enforced  idleness,  which  would  not  occur  with  diversified 
industries.  It  adds  to  the  wealth  and  prosperity  when  aggregations  of  capital 
make  careful  investment  in  different  lines.  Auburn  is  rapidly  advancing  in 
these  varied  sources  of  material  wealth,  and  the  magnificent  output  of 
$6,000,000  in  manufactured  goods  in  1890  gives  promise  of  a  still  more 
brilliant  future. 

Shoe  and  Other  Manufactories,  January,  1891. — Ai-a  Cushman 
Company. — This  corporation,  doing  the  largest  business  in  shoe  manufacturing 
in  the  state  and  probably  in  New  England,  was  organized  in  1888,  with  a 
capital  of  $400,000.  Its  officers  are  Ara  Cushman,  president ;  Charles  L. 
Cushman,  vice-president;  Samuel  F.  Merrill,  treasurer;  Murray  B.  Watson, 
clerk.  The  company  is  the  development  of  tlie  business  instituted  by  Mr  Ara 
Cushman  in  Miiiot  37  years  ago.  (See  biography  of  Ara  Cushman.)  The 
company  has  three  factories,  with  an  aggregate  floor  surface  of  118,500  square 
feet,  and  employs  nearly  1,000  operatives,  to  whom  $9,300  is  paid  weekly.  The 
value  of  the  daily  production  is  $8,000.  A  part  of  the  brick  factory  on  Court 
street,  41  by  84  feet  in  size,  and  of  four  stories,  was  built  in  1868,  and  occupied 
in  February,  1869.  Increasing  business  caused  an  addition  of  33  by  131  feet, 
with  boiler  and  engine  house  to  be  put  up  in  1871,  and  the  brick  box-factory 
was  built.  In  1873  a  building  40  by  100  feet  was  added  to  the  main  building 
on  the  west.  These  buildings  contain  60,000  square  feet  of  floor  surface. 
(See  engraving.)  The  integrity,  thoroughness,  and  honesty  put  into  the  goods 
manufactured,  the  business  skill  dominating  the  establishment,  and  the  satis- 
faction given  caused  annually  a  greater  and  still  greater  demand,  so  that  even 
these  immense  factories  were  insufficient.  In  1888  the  brick  factory  on 
Railroad  square,  formerly  occupied  by  Packard  &  Briggs,  41  by  122  feet,  five 
stories  high,  was  purchased,  and  soon  after  the  adjoining  brick  factory  of  46 


City  of  Auburn.  635 


by  64  feet.  These  two  buildings  have  been  connected  and  contain  40,000 
square  feet  of  floor  surface.  The  Moses  Crafts  factory  ^  on  Raih-oad  street,  35 
by  105  feet,  with  18,500  feet  of  floor  surface,  is  also  owned  and  occupied. 

The  success  is  phenomenal  which  causes  such  a  rapid  increase  of  manufact- 
uring facilities,  and  the  Ara  Cushman  Company  is  one  of  the  main  arteries 
through  which  pulsates  the  business  enterprise  and  activity  of  Auburn.  This 
was  the  first  shoe  company  in  the  state  to  adopt  ''profit  sharing"  with  its 
em[)loyes.  This  will,  when  fully  understot)d  and  generally  adopted,  beyond 
doubt  put  an  end  to  the  contentions  and  strife  between  labor  and  capital,  and 
its  success  in  this  mammoth  firm  will  be  the  signal  for  its  adoption  in  many 
other  manufactories.  The  Court  street  building  is  now  formed  of  three  brick 
factories  connected,  each  of  four  stories  and  basement,  with  one-story  boiler- 
house  attached.  The  power  is  furnished  by  a  100-horse-power  engine,  two 
tubular  boilers,  180-horse-power,  and  the  building  is  heated  by  steam.  The 
factory  is  lighted  by  incandescent  electric  lights,  furnished  by  a  70-horse-power 
engine  and  dynamos  on  the  premises.  A  box  factory  is  in  operation,  with 
planer,  circular  saw,  and  box  machinery.  The  brick  factory  on  Railroad 
square  is  four  stories  with  basement.  Two  factories  have  a  frontage  of  142 
feet  on  Court  street  and  210  feet  on  the  railroad;  the  factories  on  Railroad 
square  have  a  frontage  of  165  feet  on  Railroad  street  and  40  feet  on  Court 
street.  The  Moses  Crafts  factory  has  four  stories  and  basement.  A  100- 
horse-power  steam  engine  and  large  boilers  furnish  power  and  heat  for  both 
the  factories  of  Ara  Cushman  Company  on  Railroad  street,  Morse's  paper  box 
factory,  and  Fitz  Bros.'s  last  factory. 

John  F.  Cohl)  jSJioc  Company.  —  John  F.  Cobb  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
shoe  manufacturing  in  Maine,  and  is  nearly  the  only  one  now  engaged  in  the 
business.  He  began  at  North  Auburn  May  19,  1848,  in  company  with  Moses 
Harris,  the  firm  being  Harris  &  Cobb.  This  firm  was  succeeded  in  two  years' 
time  by  Cobb  &  Wills.  Two  years  later  Mr  Cobb  became  sole  proprietor.  In 
1855  he  became  cashier  of  Auburn  Bank,  but  the  confinement  so  injured  his 
health  that  he  soon  resigned.  December,  1856,  with  David  B.  Robinson  and 
Charles  W.  Kyle,  he  formed  the  firm  of  Cobb,  Robinson  &  Co.  The  firm  of 
Cobb,  Robinson,  Hill  &  Co.  succeeded  this,  and  bought  the  lot  and  building  on 
Main  and  Court  streets  now  occupied  by  Ingersoll,  Whitman  &  Co.,  and 
manufactured  there  until  1866,  when  Mr  Cobb  started  alone  in  the  Bailey 
Building,  on  the  site  of  the  John  ¥.  Cobb  Shoe  Company's  Block.  John 
Pickard  became  a  partner  in  1869,  the  firm  becoming  J.  F.  Cobb  &  Co. 
November  22,  1889,  the  JoJtn  F.  V<jJ)h  Shoe  Company  was  incorporated  with  a 
capital  of  -1100,000  and  these  officers:    Charles  E.   Cobb    (son  of  John   F.), 

1  This  originated  in  1868  with  Moses  Crafts  and  A.  B.  Crafts,  and  D.  W.  Kinsley  soon  became 
partner  of  the  firm  Moses  Crafts  &  Co.,  which  built  the  Railroad  street  factory.  In  1884  the  Moses 
Crafts  Shoe  Company  was  organized  by  Moses  Crafts,  Ara  Cushman,  and  M.  C.  Percival. 


636  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


president;  John  F.  Cobb,  treasurer;  Charles  E.  Morse,  clerk.  The  factory  is 
in  a  most  central  location  on  Main  street,  is  150x40  feet  with  four  stories  and 
basement.  Two  large  stores  occupy  the  front  of  the  ground  floor.  Nearly  200 
hands  are  employed  with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  |7,000  and  an  annual  business 
of  ,*300,000  is  done. 

Bingley,  Foss  ^  Co.  —  This  firm  commenced  business  at  No.  5  Roak  Block 
in  June,  1876,  as  Dingley,  Strout  &  Co.,  the  members  being  J.  Dingley,  Jr, 
G.  E.  Strout,  and  H.  G.  Foss.  They  employed  from  75  to  80  hands  the  first 
year,  and  manufactured  opera  boots  and  slippers.  In  1881  they  removed  to 
Railroad  square.  The  members  of  the  present  firm  are  J.  Dingley,  Jr,  H.  G. 
Foss,  E.  G.  Sprague,  and  E.  M.  Stevens.  The  firm  employs  over  200  opera- 
tives and  makes  daily  900  pairs  of  shoes  for  men.  The  product  includes 
a  fine  line  of  sporting  goods.  It  sells  to  jobbers,  does  a  yearly  business  of 
$300,000,  and  has  a  weekly  pay-roll  of  !i«l,800.  In  October,  1888,  the  large 
factory.  No.  31  Troy  street,  was  completed  and  occupied.  It  is  150x40  feet 
in  size,  four  stories  and  basement,  and  is  provided  with  modern  improve- 
ments and  best  machinery  run  by  steam-power.  It  is  lighted  by  gas  and  has 
electric  bells. 

Munroes,  Packard  <j'  Linscott.  —  This  firm  was  established  in  1886,  with 
factory  at  No.  6  Roak  Block.  The  members  were  J.  B.  Munroe,  Willard  N. 
Munroe,  Heman  A.  Packard,  and  Willard  Linscott.  The  production  the  first 
year  was  40  cases  of  men's  and  base-ball  shoes ;  125  hands.  In  1889  the 
factory  on  Munroe  street  was  occupied.  It  is  40x200  feet  in  size,  with  four 
floors.  Between  300  and  400  hands  are  employed,  and  in  the  busy  season  it 
produces  225  dozen  daily  of  men's  and  boys'  shoes,  etc.  The  factory  is  fitted 
with  all  advances  in  machinery.  The  weekly  production  is  1,000  cases,  the 
annual  production  <f 500, 000,  the  monthly  j)ay-roll  •'118,000.  The  factory  has 
a  capacity  for  producing  200  cases  a  da}^  and  for  600  workmen.  A  tower  on 
the  east  side  contains  an  elevator  and  stair  case,  and  in  the  basement  a  large 
engine,  117  horse-power  boiler  furnishes  power  and  heat.  July  1,  1891,  J.  B. 
Munroe  retired  from  the  firm. 

jPoss,  Packard  ^  Co.  —  This  firm,  originally  composed  of  J.  O.  Foss,  H.  M. 
Packard,  W.  H.  Foss,  and  R.  M.  Mason,  began  business  in  its  present  location 
on  Main  street.  The  factory  occupied  five  floors  and  was  50  x  70  feet  in  size, 
fitted  with  all  improved  machinery  run  by  steam.  135  hands  were  employed 
in  1883,  with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  -14,800,  in  the  manufacture  of  men's  fine 
calf  shoes,  etc.  In  November,  1885,  J.  O.  Foss  retired,  and  his  son,  W.  O. 
Foss,  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  This  house  has  done  a  flourishing 
business,  and  in  1890  erected  an  addition  to  the  factory  and  introduced  a 
35-horse-power  steam  engine  and  two  45-horse-power  boilers  to  enable  the  firm 
to  increase  its  production  to  10,000  pairs  a  week.  R.  M.  Mason  is  superin- 
tendent.    The  monthly  pay-roll  is  about  $6,000. 


City  of  Auburn.  637 


Pray,  Small  Companij.  —  This  firm,  composed  of  Leonard  A.  Pray,  president, 
and  L.  Linn  Small,  was  organized  in  March,  1889,  as  a  copartnership,  and,  in 
1891,  was  incorporated  with  $100,000  capital.  They  began  business  at  Nos. 
8  and  9  Koak  Block.  \\\  1890  the  factory  on  North  Spring  street  was  built 
and  occupied.  This  is  80x90  feet  in  size,  of  three  stories  and  basement.  In 
the  center  is  a  light-well,  18x40.  The  building  is  lighted  by  340  windows,  of 
which  237  are  on  the  outside,  making  it  one  of  the  best-lighted  manufactories 
in  the  state.  The  machinerj^  run  by  steam-power,  is  of  the  best,  including 
2  McKay  sewing  machines,  50  stitching  machines,  2  edge  machines,  3  trimming 
machines,  2  heel-shaving  machines,  2  Tapley  heel-burnishing  machines,  2 
beating-out  machines,  etc.  This  firm  manufactures  ladies'  and  misses'  fine 
boots,  employs  75  females  and  60  males,  with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  -17,000,  has 
a  weekly  production  of  400  cases,  and  an  annual  production  of  $300,000. 
The  power  and  heat  is  furnished  from  Munroes,  Packard  &  Linscott's  factor^'. 

American  Shoe  3Ianvfaetvri)i(/  Co.  —  This  firm  commenced  business  in  May, 
1889,  with  a  capital  stock  of  150,000.  It  now  occupies  eight  floors  in  Nos.  8 
and  9  Roak  Block  (138  Main  street),  manufactures  men's  and  boys'  shoes  of 
all  grades,  has  a  full  line  of  machinery  of  latest  designs  run  by  power  fur- 
nished by  E.  W.  Gross,  employs  about  50  hands,  with  a  pay-roll  of  about  $600 
a  week,  and  produces  60  cases  a  day.  The  officers  are  A.  A.  Hutchins,  presi- 
dent;   P.  M.  Bickford,  treasurer;    George  Bumpus,  secretary. 

Wise  ^  Cooper  (John  B.  Wise,  Arthur  H.  Cooper)  began  business  in  1883, 
at  their  present  location.  No.  5  Roak  Block,  and  employed  about  15  hands, 
with  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  $800,  and  had  a  weekly  production  of  20  cases. 
They  now  employ  25  males  and  30  females,  have  a  weekly  production  of  125 
cases  of  women's,  misses'  and  children's  boots  and  shoes,  and  a  monthly  pay- 
roll of  $2,000. 

Damren  ^  Field  (S.  G.  Damren,  George  D.  Field)  began  business  in  July, 
1889,  in  manufacturing  fine  shoes,  employed  30  hands,  and  had  machinery  and 
capacity  for  making  60  cases  a  week.  They  closed  business  in  1890  and  the 
machinery  was  sold  to  go  to  Ellsworth. 

Charles  E.  Kershaiv,  Jr,  ^  Co.  began  manufacturing  in  Roak  Block,  in 
February,  1889,  and  employed  from  30  to  40  hands,  but  went  out  of  business 
in  1890. 

Smith  cf  Miller  (T.  H.  Smith,  John  Miller)  went  out  of  business  in 
December,  1890.  They  employed  40  hands.  Mr  Smith  is  a  veteran  manu- 
facturer. He  gives  his  connection  with  the  business  thus :  "  I  came  from 
Gardiner,  first  going  into  the  shoe  business  in  Lewiston,  in  company  with 
H.  G.  Garcelon.  Mr  Garcelon  retired,  and  Mr  J.  O.  Foss  became  a  partner, 
and  the  plant  was  moved  to  Main  street.  Auburn.  Mr  Foss  soon  sold  to 
Charles  Gay,  and  the  business  was  continued  as  Smith  &  Gay.  They  helped 
build  Roak  Block,  and  when  it  was  done  moved  into  it.     Here  Edward  Little 


638  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


became  a  partner.  Later  Mr  Gay  sold  to  L.  A.  Pray  and  went  into  business 
with  J.  O.  Foss.  Mr  Little  continued  in  the  firm  till  his  death,  after  which  the 
style  was  Smith,  Pray  &  Co.  When  this  firm  closed  business  I  formed  a 
partnership  with  John  Miller  as  Smith  &  Miller." 

The  Nute  BrotJwrs'  Shoe  Co.  was  organized  April  23,  1891,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  125,000.  It  purchased  the  Smith  &  Miller  machinery  and  is  in  busi- 
ness in  Roak  Block.     A.  F.  Nute  is  president;  W.  H.  Nute,  treasurer. 

Other  Manufactories.  HntchinHs  Box  Factory  (H.  Wesley  Hutchins) 
employs  50  hands  and  pays  for  labor  $16,000  j)er  annum.  It  is  tlie  only  scale- 
board  factory  in  the  world,  was  originated  by  Mr  Hutchins  and  nearly  all  the 
machines  used  were  invented  by  him.  He  bought  in  1890  over  500,000  feet  of 
bass-wood  logs.  The  boxes  are  used  by  manufacturers  of  jewelry,  clocks, 
crackers,  confectionery,  hardware,  patent  medicines,  jellies,  etc.,  and  are  sold 
from  New  Brunswick  to  California,  in  South  America,  Australia,  and  Europe. 
This  factory  was  built  in  1886,  partially  burned  in  1888  and  rebuilt  with 
another  stor}^  and  is  located  between  the  Maine  Central  and  Grand  Trunk 
railroads,  and  contains  nearly  40,000  feet  of  flooring,  and  is  operated  by  100- 
horse-power  water-power  from  the  Little  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company's 
dam.  It  has  electric  bells  and  all  modern  improvements.  Annual  [U'oduct, 
about  $30,000.  .The  factory  consumes  annually  75,000  feet  spruce  scantlings, 
5  tons  of  glue,  2  tons  of  nails,  and  100  cords  of  fuel. 

JVJiifman  A(/ricultural  Works.  —  J.  W.  May,  president;  I).  W.  Verrill, 
treasurer;  J.  W.  Mitchell,  clerk;  W.  E.  Whitman,  manager;  J.  W.  May, 
B.  F.  Briggs,  H.  W.  Hutchins,  William  Dickey,  VV.  E.  Whitman,  directors. 
This  company  was  incorporated  November  1,  1889,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
1)100,000.  The  amount  of  working  capital  is  $50,000.  Work  was  commenced 
on  a  new  factory  on  Hutchins  street,  between  Maine  Central  and  Grand  Trunk 
railroads,  November  16,  1889,  and  February  17,  1890,  the  machinery  was  put 
in  operation.  The  plant  consists  of  a  factory,  106x50  feet,  four  stories; 
machine-shop,  55x35  feet,  two  and  one-half  stories;  and  store-house,  96x35 
feet.  These  are  fitted  with  the  best  of  machinery,  and  have  every  facility  for 
doing  the  best  of  work.  The  buildings  are  furnished  throughout  with  electric 
bells  and  lights  and  are  steam-heated.  Power  is  furnished  by  the  Little 
Androscoggin  Water-Power  Co.  The  product  of  the  company  is  a  general 
assortment  of  agricultural  machinery,  including  threshers,  horse-powers,  sa wing- 
machines,  cider-mills,  feed-cutters,  wheel-barrows,  grindstone  frames,  and  a 
variety  of  smaller  articles.  From  60  to  70  hands  are  employed,  the  pay-roll 
being  about  $350  a  week. 

Auburn  Stove  Foundry  Company.  —  President,  H.  W.  Hutchins;  treasurer, 
T.  H.  Roberts;  manager,  George  W.  McFadden  ;  directors,  H.  W.  Hutchins, 
H.  Fairfield,  George  C.  Wing,  A.  L.  Goss,  J.  H.  Stetson,  J.  R.  Learned,  George 
S.  Woodman.     Organized  June  9, 1890,  with  capital  of  $35,000.     The  company 


City  of  Auburn.  639 


bought  plant  of  the  Biddeford  Stove  Foundry  and  moved  it  to  Auburn,  where 
the  first  castings  were  made  September  16,  1890.  The  foundry  is  located  on 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad  at  the  junction  of  Higli  street  and  Minot  avenue. 
The  company  manufactures  several  kinds  of  ranges  and  stoves,  with  the  Royal 
Falmouth  range  as  a  leader;  also  makes  sinks  and  hollow  ware,  etc.,  and 
furnishes  its  own  power  and  heat.  Its  plant  consists  of  brick  building,  with 
moulding  department  85x60;  wooden  building  put  up  in  1890,  40x80,  three 
stories,  for  mounting  and  fitting  department;  also  new  building  for  storage  of 
coal,  and  other  smaller  ones  for  the  storage  of  patterns.  The  foundry  employs 
about  35  men,  has  a  pay-roll  of  $2,000  a  month,  and  the  estimated  value  of 
annual  production  is  about  $45,000.  Uses  annually  about  250  tons  of  coal  and 
500  tons  of  pig-iron. 

Auburn  Foundry  Company.  —  Capital  stock,  $15,000.  Foundry  located  on 
Washington  street,  near  Maine  Central  Railroad  repair  shops.  Number  hands 
employed,  20 ;  annual  pay-roll,  $10,000  ;  annual  value  of  manufactures,  $30,000 ; 
N.  M.  Neal,  agent.  An  extension  to  the  factory  was  built  in  1889,  50x35,  and 
increased  facilities  provided.  The  company  is  doing  a  lai'ge  and  constantly 
increasing  business. 

Tohie  ^  Clark  3Ianufarfan'n(/  Co.  —  This  stock  company  was  fcn-med  in  1877 
with  $50,000  capital,  to  continue  the  manufacture  of  the  Premium  pine  pum[), 
carried  on  from  1869  by  Tobie  &  Clark  Brcjthers,  at  No.  8  Roak  Block.  The 
first  officers  were  D.  F.  Tobie,  president;  David  Allen,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
Henry  Clark,  N.  M.  Neal,  John  Eaton,  F.  B.  Pierce,  D.  F.  Tobie,  directors. 
The  business  was  removed  to  Levviston  and  remained  there  until  1883,  when  it 
-was  brought  to  Auburn.  In  1883  and  1884  it  made  3,000  [)um[)S  yearly.  Dr 
J.  W.  Beede  later  became  president;  J.  W.  Beede,  C.  S.  Emerson,  Charles 
Dunn,  L.  A.  Cobb,  F.  R.  Conant,  directors;  Charles  Dunn,  agent  and  treasurer. 
The  manufacture  of  pumps  is  now  carried  on  by  L.  A.  Cobb,  the  company  only 
leasing  rooms  and  power. 
^  F.  R.  Conant  ^  Co.  carry  on  a  general  lumber  business  and  make  wooden 
boxes  for  the  shoe  factories  and  other  industries.  They  have  two  buildings  on 
the  west  side  of  Washington  street,  near  Auburn  Foundry,  one,  60x25,  and 
the  other,  40x75,  and  are  erecting  another  large  building  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  street,  50x32,  three  stories  with  basements  for  the  lumber  business. 
They  have  also  a  mill  on  the  Little  Androscoggin  near  the  electric  light  station 
and  another  at  North  Auburn.     They  employ  about  25  men. 

Flour,  Meal,  Etc.  Solomon  Parmns  ^  Son  (F.  A.  Parsons),  grain  mill, 
junction  of  Washington  and  Jefferson  streets,  emplo}^  5  men,  and  grind  12,000 
bushels  of  grain  monthly.  They  have  75  horse-power  produced  by  a  17^  inch 
Victor  wheel.  J.  E.  TibbetU  cj-  Co.,  established  by  J.  E.  Tibbetts  in  1861  ; 
N.  S.  Tibbetts  was  made  partner  in  1883.  They  employ  5  men  in  the  manu- 
facture of  60,0000  bushels  of  meal  and  sale  of  100,000  bushels  of  grain  yearly. 


640  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Their  mill  is  on  Knight  street.  They  built  in  1890  a  large  warehouse  on 
Turner  street,  adjacent  to  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  Henry  Willis  ^  Co.'s 
yearly  product  of  flour  and  meal  is  75,000  bushels.  Their  warehouse  is  No.  2 
Roak  Block.     They  employ  4  men. 

Machinists.  F.  If.  Felhnvs  tf-  C'o.,  Washington  street,  make  engines, 
boilers,  etc.,  employing  6  hands.  They  built  a  large  three-story  machine  and 
wood-working  shop  in  1889.  John  M.  Orawshmv^  Mechanic  row,  employs  4 
men  in  the  manufacture  of  Irish's  patent  lease  rods,  general  repairing,  and 
pattern  making.  C  H.  Lucas.,  No.  3  Roak  Block,  manufactures  watchmakers' 
tools  and  fine  machine  work,  such  as  models  and  novelties.  He  is  patentee  of 
the  Little  Giant  screw-driver.  He  employs  3  men.  J.  W.  VerriU,  34  Railroad 
street,  makes  shoe  tools  and  light  machinery,  philosophical  apparatus,  electric 
batteries,  etc. 

The  brick-yard  of  Charles  D)inn  employs  from  5  to  10  hands  and  manufact- 
urers 800,000  of  brick  annually. 

Printers.  Bri<h/e  ^  Smith,  4  Court  street;  Merrill  <f  Wehher,  ^^  M.?a\\ 
street ;  H.  A.  Lane,  76  Main  street. 

Paper  Boxes.  Auburn  Paper  Box  Co. —  This  company  was  organized 
June  1,  1889.  It  occupies  No.  8  Mechanic  row  as  a  factor}',  and  produces 
5,000,000  boxes  yearly.  The  power  used  is  electric  of  5-horse-power.  There 
are  50  female  and  10  male  operatives  employed.  Mark  Morse  has  a  three-story 
factory  on  Railroad  street,  where  he  manufactures  6,000  boxes  daily  and 
employs  25  hands. 

Aahurn  Stemn  Poiver  Co.  was  established  in  October,  1884,  with  capital 
stock  of  $30,000.  Its  plant  is  the  former  Miller  &  Randall  tannery  site, 
furnished  with  boilers  and  engines  of  120-horse-power.  It  supplies  power  to 
John  F.  Cobb  Shoe  Co.,  Eureka  Hosiery  Co.,  Wood,  Robinson  &  Co.,  and 
Auburn  Paper  Box  Co. 

Eureka  Hosiery  Co.,  Main  street,  was  established  in  1886  and  incorporated 
in  1888.  It  manufactures  cotton,  silk,  wool,  camel's  hair,  worsted  and  merino 
hosier}^,  lumbermen's  socks  and  leggings, boys'  and  women's  leggings,  and  cotton 
and  woolen  bandages  for  trotting  horses.  42  hands  are  employed.  Officers : 
(ieorge  C.  Wing,  president ;  A.  A.  Waite,  treasurer. 

Brockway  Mamifaeturiny  Co.  manufactures  extension  cases  and  shawl 
straps.  It  is  located  at  No.  2  Roak  Block,  occupies  three  floors,  and  employs 
about  15  hands.  It  produced  in  1890,  20,000  extension  cases  and  12,000  shawl 
straps,  and  the  value  of  the  product  was  117,000.  Officers:  Russell  Daggett, 
president;  I.  N.  Haskell,  treasurer;  W.  V.  Daggett,  clerk. 

E.  H.  Osyood,  in  the  leather-board  business  on  Miller  street,  makes  pasted 
heels.  He  is  turning  out  8,000  cards  per  month,  the  cards  being  13x19  inches. 
He  employs  18  females  and  3  males,  and  his  pay-roll  is  <|500  a  month. 


City  of  Auburn.  641 


Last  Factor  If.  —  Fitz  Brothers  (Ira  and  Amos  Fitz)  employ  22  men  on 
Railroad  square,  where  they  make  4,800  pairs  of  lasts  a  month. 

Pork  Packing,  Etc.  Ferd  Penley  has  $40,000  invested  in  his  pork- 
packing  establishment.  His  works  are  operated  by  a  254iorse-power  steam 
engine  and  40-horse-power  boiler.  He  employs  from  10  to  12  men,  and  in  1890 
slaughtered  1,500  Maine  cattle,  1,000  Western  cattle,  2,500  sheep  and  lambs, 
300  calves,  and  750  hogs.  In  1890  he  added  a  wool-pulling  department. 
E.  W.  G-ross,  Roak  Block,  packs  1,500  hogs  and  makes  100,000  pounds  of 
sausage  annually. 

Carriage  Making.  C.  T.  Nevens  has  a  carriage  shop  six  stories  high, 
built  in  1882.  In  1890  he  made  100  carriages  and  25  sleighs  valued  at  $8,000, 
bought  and  sold  $16,000  worth  of  carriages,  and  built  a  store-house  of  four 
stories,  50x100  feet,  on  the  corner  of  Union  and  Summer  streets.  This  is  one 
of  the  largest  carriage  factories  in  the  state,  and  gives  employment  to  from  20 
to  25  hands. 

C.  J.  Litchfield  has  a  shop  on  Turner  street,  built  in  1886,  where  he  employs 
10  men.  In  1890  he  made  40  carriages  and  30  sleighs  and  put  up  a  large 
addition  to  his  buildings,  making  his  factory  now  40  x  75  feet  in  size  with  five 
floors. 

Marble  and  Granite  Works.  Some  of  the  leading  men  of  Auburn 
were  among  the  corporators  of  the  Maine  &  New  Hampshire  Granite  Co., 
incorporated  in  1886,  and  its  headquarters  are  here.  George  W.  Wagg,  so 
long  agent  of  the  Maine  Central  in  Auburn,  has  been  president  from  organiza- 
tion. The  company  owns  nearly  6,000  acres  of  granite  land  in  Conway,  N.  H., 
and  have  employed  300  men  in  their  operations  there.  They  have  furnished 
building  stone  for  some  of  the  largest  buildings  in  the  country.  The  Auburn 
Marble  and  Granite  Monumental  Worki<,  212  Court  street,  George  B.  Smith 
manager,  were  established  in  1850  by  H.  R.  Smith.  He  employs  from  10  to  15 
men.  II.  *S'.  Decker  employs  12  men  in  his  shop  near  Maine  Central  station, 
has  an  annual  pay-roll  of  $5,000,  and  produces  $15,000  worth  of  goods. 
R.  C.  Haskell  employs  from  9  to  12  men  at  No.  23  Mechanic  row.  A.  J. 
Verrill  ^  Co.  manufacture  annually  $10,000  worth  of  granite  and  marble  at 

\ their  works  on  Turner  street.     They  employ  4  men. 
►      Furniture  Factory.      Bradford,  Conant  ^  Co.  employ  six  men  at  East 
Auburn.     They  use  700,000  of  lumber,  and  make  300  sets  of  furniture  yearly. 
Annual  value  of  manufactured  products  $30,000.     They  have  a  saw-mill  con- 
nected with  their  factory. 

Bakeries.  T.  A.  Huston  ^  Co.  employ  35  hands  in  their  cracker  bakery, 
where  the}'  manufacture  80  barrels  of  crackers  daily.  Monthly  pay-roll  $1,800. 
Edmund  Lihbij  ^  Son  employ  4  hands  at  their  bakery  on  Court  street.  Pay- 
roll $300  monthly.     A.  A.  Walton,  New  Auburn,  employs  4  men. 


642  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  aggregate  pay-roll  of  manufacturing  establishments  for  1890  was  fully 
$1,000,000,  and  the  value  of  their  product  was  16,000,000.  Between  3,500  and 
4,000  operatives  were  furnished  employment. 

Other  Artisans.  Among  the  contractors  (wood  and  stone  work)  and 
builders  deserving  of  notice  are  '/.  A.  Greenleaf,  19  Granite  street ;  S.  K.  Bal- 
lard, 103  Turner  street ;  Woodburi/  Pride  ;  BeaU  ^  HumieweU,  25  James  street: 
Lihhy  ^  Keith,  12  Mechanic  row;  Dinsmore  ^  Greenleaf ,  17  Mechanic  row; 
A.  F.  Warren,  12  Mechanic  row;  E.  M.  Greenleaf\'^l\\\Qv  street;  A.  A.  TuhU, 
44  Miller  street ;  C.  A.  Jordan,  Academy  street ;  JV.  C.  Ustes  and  Dai/  Bros., 
New  Auburn;  R.  H.  BaUey,  North  Auburn.  In  stone  work  are  B.  H.  Josslyn 
and  D.  W.  Jones  on  upper  Court  street ;  0.  H.  Maxwell,  21  Manley  street ; 
S.  L.  Blaisdell,  Minot  road ;  I).  H.  Rendall,  64  Elm  street ;  E.  Y.  Turner,  High 
street ;  H.  Ricker,  307  Main  street ;  B.  H.  Boss,  20  Myrtle  street  ;  W.  A. 
McKenney  and  T.  B.  TJiorne,  Prospect  Hill;  B.  S.  Whitehouse,  Second  avenue. 

Painters,  Decorators,  Etc.  F.  H.  Storah  ^  Co.,  86  Court  street; 
Raynes  ^  Boss,  J.  F.  Larrahee,  L.  B.  Bachelder,  W.  B.  Crafts,  and  Haskell  ^  Co. 
are  clustered  on  Miller  street.  W.  S.  Heath  is  at  45  Main  street,  and  Hartivell 
^  Co.  at  15  Mechanic  row. 


CHAPTER   XXXVn. 


Auburu  Bank  —  First  National  Bank — Auburn  Savings  Bank  —  National  Shoe  and 
Leather  Bank  — Mechanics  Savings  Bank  —  American  Banking  and  Trust  Co. — Auburu 
Trust  Co.  —  Municipal  Court — Board  of  Trade  — Maine  Benefit  Association — Auburn 
Loan  and  Building  Association  —  Androscoggin  Land  Association — Lake  Auburn  Fish 
Protective  Association  —  Auburn  Aqueduct  Co.  —  Little  Androscoggin  Water  Power  Co. — 
Lewiston  and  Auburn  Electric  Light  Co.  —  Physicians— Leading  Traders  —Merchants  and 
Business  Men  —  Organizations. 

AUBURN  BANK.  — The  Danville  Bank  was  incorporated  February  28, 
1855,  with  Samuel  Pickard,  James  Goff,  Jr,  Edward  T.  Little,  John 
Penle}^  Rufus  Penley,  Jacob  H.  Roak,  Nelson  Dingley,  Nelson  B.  Rey- 
nolds, William  Kilbourne,  Jacob  Herrick,  E.  F.  Packard,  and  Jeremiah  Dingley, 
Jr,  as  incorporators,  and  a  capital  of  |50,000.  March  16  the  name  was  changed 
to  the  Auburn  Bank.  April  19,  1855,  the  corporators  organized.  Jacob  H. 
Roak,  Edward  T.  Little,  Nelson  Dingley,  John  Penley,  Eliphalet  Packard,  and 
Jacob  Herrick  were  elected  directors;  J.  H.  Roak,  president,  and  E.  F. 
Packard,  cashier.  October  2,  1855,  at  the  first  annual  meeting,  Hiram  C. 
Briggs  was  added  to  the  board.  Jacob  H.  Roak  re-elected  president,  and  E.  F. 
Packard,  cashier.     Mr  Packard  resigning,  John  F.  Cobb  was  chosen  cashier. 


City  of  Aubuen.  643 


March  12,  1857,  the  capital  was  increased  to  $75,000.  The  bank  did  business 
until  January  30,  1864.  Mr  Roak  was  president  during  the  life  of  the  bank. 
William  Libby  was  chosen  cashier  in  1857.  There  were  few  changes  in  the 
directory. 

The  First  NationnJ  Bank  of  Auhurn^  successor  to  Auburn  Bank,  was  organ- 
ized (the  154th  bank  under  the  national  banking  system)  October  25,  1863. 
The  corporators  were  Jacob  H.  Roak,  E.  F.  Packard,  Edward  T.  Little,  Peter 
F.  Sanborn,  Joseph  H.  Sanborn,  Hiram  C.  Briggs,  Nelson  Dingley,  James 
Dingley,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr.  The  capital  stock  was  $100,000  at  first; 
increased  to  $130,000  January  10,  1865.  May  26,  1865,  the  directors  voted  to 
ask  permission  to  increase  the  capital  to  $150,000,  but  it  was  not  so  increased 
until  March  29,  1875.  The  first  directory  was  J.  H.  Roak,  E.  F.  Packard, 
E.  T.  Little,  Nelson  Dingley,  Hiram  C.  Briggs,  James  Dingley,  and  Jeremiah 
Dingley,  Jr.  Jacob  H.  Roak  was  chosen  the  first  president;  E.  F.  Packard, 
vice-president;  William  Libby,  cashier.  The  bank  began  business  March  1, 
1864,  in  banking  rooms  in  the  second  story  of  Phcenix  Block,  and  the  bills  of 
Auburn  Bank  were  redeemed  until  1866.  In  1870  a  third  room  was  leased 
with  the  others  for  15  years,  and  new  and  larger  vaults  were  constructed. 
In  1882  the  charter  was  extended  to  November  30,  1902.  The  bank,  in  con- 
nection with  Auburn  Savings  Bank,  fitted  up  the  banking  rooms  it  now 
occupies  at  No.  78  Main  street,  and  entered  into  possession  May  27,  1885. 
February  14,  1887,  the  bank  withdrew  $100,000  of  its  circulation.  Mr  Roak 
resigned  as  president,  January  11,  1876,  and  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr,  was  elected 
and  now  holds  the  office.  H.  C.  Briggs  was  chosen  vice-president,  January  11, 
1876.  William  Libby  resigned  March  1,  1874,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  B. 
Jordan,  who  was  cashier  until  March  16,  1882.  L.  Linn  Small  took  office 
April  12,  1882;  on  his  resignation,  April  15,  1889,  Horace  C.  Day  was  elected. 
Horace  C.  Little  and  Edward  A.  Little  were  chosen  directors  January  14, 1868, 
in  place  of  E.  F.  Packard  and  Edward  T.  Little.  January  11,  1876,  B.  F. 
Briggs  and  John  Pickard  succeeded  H.  C.  Little  and  J.  H.  Roak  as  directors. 
Edward  A.  Little  died  in  1876  and  Charles  E.  Smith  filled  his  place  as  director; 
January  11,  1881,  he  was  succeeded  by  James  O.  Foss.  H.  M.  Packard  and 
George  S.  Woodman  were  elected  directors  January  11,  1887,  to  succeed  B.  F. 
Briggs  and  John  Pickard.  December  31,  1890,  the  financial  condition  of  the 
bank  was:  Liabilities  —  Capital  stock,  $150,000  ;  surplus,  $33,000  ;  profit  and 
loss,  $12,551.88;  circulation,  $45,000  ;  individual  deposits,  $138,923.17.  Total 
liabilities,  $379,475.05.  Assess-  — Loans,  etc.,  $262,002.84;  U.  S.  and  other 
bonds,  $55,000;  Boston  and  New  York  banks,  $38,414.72;  real  estate,  etc., 
$2,671.07;  bills  of  other  banks,  $6,230;  cash  items  and  fractional  coin, 
$1,009.42;  specie,  $9,567;  legal  tenders,  $2,330;  5  per  cent,  redemption  fund, 
$2,250.  Total  assets,  $379,475.05.  The  bank  is  the  depository  of  the  county 
funds,  and  agent  for  the  sale  of  Cheque  Bank  cheques,  available  in  all  parts  of 
the  world. 


(344  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Aubtcrn  Savings  Bank  was  incorporated  February  21,  1868,  with  these 
corporators:  James  Goff,  Seth  May,  Samuel  Pickard,  Nelson  Dingley,  James 
Dingley,  William  Libby,  Charles  W.  Walton,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Jr,  William 
S.  Young,  A.  M.  Pulsifer,  Horace  C.  Little,  Edward  A.  Little,  Jacob  H.  Roak. 
The  bank  began  business  March,  1868,  in  PhcEnix  Block.  In  connection  with 
the  First  National  Bank  the  Savings  Bank  fitted  up  its  present  commodious 
estabhshment,  and  occupied  it  May  27,  1885.  J.  H.  Roak  was  president  until 
January  12,  1875.  He  was  succeeded  by  James  Dingley,  who  held  office  until 
his  death,  January  10,  1891.  James  Goff  was  vice-president  till  January  14, 
1873,  when  Nelson  Dingley  was  elected;  Edward  A.  Little  was  chosen 
January  12,  1875;  John  Pickard,  elected  January  11,  1877,  was  succeeded 
January  8,  1878,  by  Hannibal  R.  Smith,  who  served  till  January  11,  1887,  and 
was  followed  by  George  S.  Woodman,  who  was  chosen  president  on  the  death 
of  President  Dingley  and  was  succeeded  as  vice-president  by  Frank  Bartlett. 
William  Libby  was  the  first  treasurer  and  was  succeeded  by  Silas  Sprague,  who 
served  until  February  1,  1876;  he  was  followed  by  George  S.  Woodman  until 
April  14,  1882,  then  by  William  Libby  until  May,  1888,  when  George  H. 
Brown  came  into  office.  The  first  trustees  were  Seth  May,  Samuel  Pickard, 
Nelson  Dingley,  James  Dingley,  Charles  W.  Walton,  H.  C.  Briggs,  J.  Dingley, 
Jr,  William  S.  Young,  A.  M.  Pulsifer,  Horace  C.  Little,  Edward  A.  Little  ;  the 
present  ones  are  George  S.  Woodman,  Richard  Dresser,  Frank  Bartlett,  D.  W. 
Verrill,  Daniel  Lara,  John  A.  Morrill,  A.  M.  Peables,  Fessenden  I.  Day. 
November  1,  1890,  there  were  3,117  depositors,  with  deposits  of  $917,311.45. 
The  bank  then  had  resources  of  1962,199.65,  and  a  reserve  fund  of  182,000. 

Mechanics  Savings  Bank  was  chartered  February  16,  1875,  with  these  cor- 
porators :  John  T.  Randall,  John  F.  Cobb,  F.  M.  Jordan,  Ara  Cushraan,  Seth 
P.  Miller,  H.  A.  Wheelock,  Henry  Willis,  John  Pickard,  J.  R.  Learned,  S.  S. 
Hersey,  Barker  Brooks,  and  S.  F.  Merrill.  The  bank  commenced  business 
May  3,  1875,  in  Auburn  Hall  Block.  The  first  officers  were :  John  F.  Cobb, 
president ;  J.  R.  Learned,  treasurer;  S.  P.  Miller,  John  F.  Cobb,  H.  A.  Wheelock, 
W.  H.  Rounds,  Dana  Goff,  Ara  Cushman,  Henry  Willis,  trustees  ;  Mr  Willis 
soon  resigned,  and  J.  R.  Learned  was  chosen  trustee.  Richard  Dresser  was 
the  first  solicitor ;  he  was  succeeded  by  Hon.  George  C.  Wing.  Mr  Learned 
resigned  as  treasurer  in  April,  1889,  and  was  succeeded  by  J.  W.  Stetson. 
Soon  after  establishment  the  bank  was  removed  to  the  next  store  east,  and 
remained  there  until  June,  1889,  when  the  savings  bank  building  was  ready 
for  occupancy.  This  building  is  the  finest  block  in  Auburn,  cost  $50,000,  and 
contains  the  banking  rooms  of  this  bank  and  of  the  National  Shoe  and  Leather 
Bank,  besides  two  stores  on  the  ground  floor,  elegant  offices  in  the  second  story, 
while  the  third  is  one  of  the  finest  Masonic  halls  in  Maine.  The  Mechanics  Sav- 
ings Bank  prefers  investments  in  Maine  enterprises,  issues  no  loans  on  Western 
real  estate  mortgages,  and  has  paid  semi-annual  dividends  of  from  2  to  3  per 


City  of  Aubukn.  645 


cent,  from  organization.  Februar}^  9,  1891,  it  had  3,778  depositors,  with 
deposits  of  $1,051,026.02,  a  reserve  fund  of  |37,500,  resources  of  over 
$1,096,905.73,  and  a  surplus  of  150,000.  Officers,  January  1,  1891:  John  F. 
Cobb,  president:  B.  F.  Sturgis,  M.D.,  vice-president;  J.  W.  Stetson,  treas- 
urer; John  F.  Cobb,  S.  P.  Miller,  Dana  Goff,  E.  T.  Gile,  B.  F.  Sturgis,  E.  W. 
Gross,  Rufus  Prince,  R.  C.  Jewett,  H.  W.  Hutchins,  trustees. 

National  Shoe  and  Leather  Bank.  —  This  bank  was  organized  in  February, 
1875,  with  a  capital  of  1200,000,  increased  July  1,  1876,  to  1300,000,  and 
November  5,  1887,  to  |>400,000.  The  directors  were  Ara  Cushman,  John  T. 
Randall,  John  F.  Cobb,  F.  M.  Jordan,  Henry  Willis,  George  C.  Wing.  Ara 
Cushman  was  made  president,  and  John  T.  Randall,  vice-president.  On  the 
death  of  Mr  Randall,  in  1881,  John  F.  Cobb  was  chosen  his  successor.  Marshall 
C.  Percival  was  the  first  cashier.  He  resigned  April  17, 1891,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Everett  L.  Smith.  The  Shoe  and  Leather  Bank  was  in  the  management  of 
leading  financiers,  took  rank  with  the  most  successful  moneyed  institutions  of 
Maine,  in  business  ability  was  second  to  none,  and  December  31,1890,  its  surplus 
capital  was  !|50,000.  On  the  resignation  of  Mr  Percival,  an  examination  by 
U.  S.  National  Bank  Examiner  F.  W.  Parker,  of  Lewiston,  showed  a  deficit  of 
1180,000.  This  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  bank,  but  so  great  was  the  confidence 
of  the  people  in  its  stockholders  and  directorate  that  no  run  was  made  upon  it, 
nor  upon  the  Mechanics  Savings  Bank,  which  was  a  large  stockholder  in  the 
Shoe  and  Leather  Bank.  From  the  amounts  secured  from  Mr  Percival  and  his 
bondsmen,  the  surplus  funds,  and  a  10  per  cent,  assessment  on  the  capital  stock, 
the  loss  was  made  good,  and  the  bank  continues  to  do  business  with  undimin- 
ished capital,  and  maintains  its  prestige  among  the  banks  of  the  state.  The 
present  directors  are  Ara  Cushman,  John  F.  Cobb,  F.  M.  Jordan,  B.  F.  Briggs, 
George  C.  Wing,  G.  P.  Martin,  L.  Linn  Small. 

Aynerican  Bankiny  and  Trust  Co.  banking  rooms,  Goff  Block.  Capital  stock 
paid  in  $75,000.  January  1,  1891,  the  surplus  fund  was  18,000  ;  the  undivided 
profits  $1,000.  Directors:  W.  W.  Bolster,  Auburn  ;  S.  A.  Holbrook,  Freeport; 
G.  E.  Smith,  Boston ;  N.  W.  Harris,  Auburn  ;  J.  E.  Briggs,  Winthrop ;  E.  P. 
Wentworth,  Portland;  F.  R.  Conant,  Auburn;  president,  W.  W.  Bolster; 
vice-president,  B.  R.  Redman,  Quincy,  Mass.;  secretary  and  treasurer,  N.  F. 
Woodbury,  Auburn.  This  institution  was  incorporated  in  1887,  had  its  charter 
amended  in  February,  1889,  enlarging  its  powers.  It  does  a  general  banking 
business,  receives  deposits  subject  to  check,  also  time  deposits,  on  which  it  pays 
a  liberal  rate  of  interest.  It  is  authorized  to  act  as  trustee  for  any  person,  firm, 
or  corporation,  negotiate  loans,  issue  and  sell  bonds  secured  by  first  mortgages 
on  real  estate,  buy,  sell,  exchange,  and  deal  in  any  kind  of  property,  receive 
money  and  trust  funds,  and  invest  them.  It  issues  certificates  of  deposit 
bearing  four  and  one-half  or  five  per  cent,  interest  per  annum  according  to  time 


646  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  amount,  which  are  specially  advantageous  to  persons  having  considerable 
sums  of  money  not  in  use  for  a  short  or  long  time. 

Auburn  Trust  Company,  incorporated  March  2,  1889,  with  a  capital  of 
1200,000  for  a  general  banking  business,  had  as  corporators  George  C.  Wing, 
Marshall  C.  Percival,  Ara  Cushman,  Oscar  Holway,  Seth  M.  Carter,  Samuel  F. 
Merrill,  and  their  associates,  George  D.  Bisbee,  J.  R.  Learned,  Edward  H. 
York,  Heman  A.  Packard,  George  A.  Wilson,  L.  Linn  Small,  B.  F.  Sturgis. 
Samuel  F.  Merrill  was  chosen  president,  George  C.  Wing  vice-president,  James 
F.  Atwood  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  bank  began  business  in  the  National 
Shoe  and  Leather  Bank  in  September,  1890,  and  soon  after  removed  to  the 
Board  of  Trade  rooms,  where  it  remained  until  the  completion  of  its  magnifi- 
cent banking  rooms  in  Elm  Block,  which  was  purchased  for  112,600  in  1890, 
and  alterations,  costing  from  $12,000  to  fl5,000  were  made.  The  bank  has 
appurtenances  of  the  best  quality,  with  massive,  steel-lined  vaults,  and  with  a 
large  capital  in  the  management  of  leading  business  men,  is  a  valuable  addition 
to  the  monetary  institutions  of  the  county. 

J.  R.  Learned.,  state  agent  of  Union  Debenture  Co.  has  his  office  at  83 
Main  street. 

Auburn  Municipal  Court  is  now  of  equal  importance  with  that  of  Lewiston. 
A  police  court  was  created  in  1869,  succeeded  by  a  municipal  court  in  1875. 
(See  page  308.)  September  21,  1891,  J.  W.  Mitchell,  Esq.,  was  appointed 
judge  to  succeed  Richard  Dresser,  resigned. 

Auburn  Board  of  Trade.  —  This  organization  is  one  of  the  strongest 
elements  of  Auburn's  business  prosperity.  It  was  organized  April  6,  1887, 
with  86  members.  The  leading  business  men  belong  to  it,  and,  although  on 
ordinary  occasions  the  meetings  may  be  thinly  attended,  and  not  much  interest 
apparently  manifested,  yet  when  the  need  of  action  comes  and  a  movement  is 
demanded  to  add  to  Auburn's  prosperity,  this  Board  of  Trade  furnishes 
organized  and  concentred  activity  that  fails  not  to  accomplish  the  end  in  view ; 
the  Auburn  Public  Library  is  a  conspicuous  example  of  its  successful  work. 
Rooms  83  Main  street.  The  officers  are  Ara  Cushman,  president;  E.  T.  Gile, 
A.  M.  Penle}^  George  S.  Woodman,  vice-presidents ;  J.  P.  Hutchinson,  secre- 
tary ;  D.  W.  Verrill,  treasurer. 

The  Maine  Beuejit  Amociation  was  incorporated  in  June,  1884,  under  the 
general  law  of  Maine  providing  for  tlie  organization  of  charitable  and  benevo- 
lent institutions.  A  question  arising  as  to  whether  an  insurance  company 
could  legall}^  organize  under  this  law,  the  legislature  of  1884-5  was  asked  to 
grant  a  charter  to  the  company,  which,  after  most  bitter  and  prolonged  opposi- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  representatives  of  the  established  system,  was  done, 
and  the  act  was  approved  by  the  governor,  March  5,  1885.  The  company 
immediately  organized  and  commenced  active  business  in  April,  1885.  Except- 
ing  the    fraternal    orders    this   association    was    the   pioneer    in    co-operative 


City  of  Auburn.  647 


insurance  in  Maine,  the  laws  never  before  recognizing  any  system  of  insurance 
save  that  conducted  on  the  so-called  old  line  plan.  The  people  of  Maine 
endorsed  the  new  company  by  giving  it  a  membership  of  more  than  6,000  in 
five  years,  and  within  that  time  the  association  paid  to  the  widows  and  orphans 
of  deceased  members  more  than  -1300,000.  1,000  certificates  were  written  in 
1890,  representing  insurance  of  -SI, 962,000.  Milton  F.  Ricker  has  been 
manager  from  the  first.  E.  F.  Packard,  the  first  president,  was  soon  succeeded 
by  Hon.  Geo.  C.  Wing.  Wallace  H.  White  is  vice-president;  N.  W.  Harris, 
treasurer;  Wallace  K.  Oakes,  M.D.,  medical  director;  Geo.  C.  Wing,  A. 
R.  Savage,  S.  M.  Carter,  executive  committee.  The  first  secretary,  S.  A. 
Lowell,  resigned  in  1890,  and  was  succeeded  by  N.  W.  Harris. 

Auburn  Loan  and  BuUdin<i  Ani^ociation  was  organized  June,  1887,  with 
these  officers:  president,  A.  R.  Savage;  vice-president,  L.  W.  Haskell; 
secretary,  Geo.  G.  Gifford;  treasurer,  M.  B.  Watson;  attorney,  J.  W. 
Mitchell;  directors,  A.  R.  Savage,  Ara  Cushman,  Geo.  W.  Curtis,  L.  W. 
Haskell,  Geo.  W.  Bumpus,  H.  B.  Sawyer,  Geo.  G.  Gifford,  VV.  A.  Robinson, 
A,  M.  Penley.  Upon  resignation  of  directors  Sawyer  and  Robinson,  W.  W. 
Stetson  and  C.  A.  Jordan  were  chosen  in  their  place.  Loan  and  building 
associations  in  Maine  are  confined  to  investments  in  real  estate.  This  associa- 
tion has  assisted  its  members  in  building  over  80  dwellings,  purchasing  houses 
and  other  real  estate,  has  now  an  accumulated  capital  of  •$91,410.83,  and,  after 
four  years  of  business,  will  have  $100,000  assets. 

Androscoggin  Land  Association^  capital  stock,  $50,000,  was  organized  in 
1887,  with  A.  R.  Savage,  president ;  W.  W.  Stetson,  vice-president ;  George 
G.  Gifford,  clerk;  A.  ]M.  Penley,  treasurer;  A.  M.  Penley,  John  T.  Spooner, 
O.  N.  Leavitt,  A.  R.  Savage,  W.  W.  Stetson,  A.  M.  Tuttle,  G.  G.  Gifford, 
directors.     W.  W.  Stetson  is  president. 

Lake  Auburn  Fi.^h  Profecfive  Association,  organized  August  25,  1890,  char- 
tered and  reorganized  as  a  corporation  in  1891,  was  the  conception  of  George 
G.  Gifford,  and  is  the  pioneer  organization  of  this  character  in  Maine.  A  weir 
and  house  on  Townsend  brook,  and  a  hatching  house  at  East  Auburn,  with  a 
hatching  capacit}^  of  750,000,  were  built  in  1890;  400,000  trout  were  hatched 
and  placed  in  the  lake  and  tributaries,  with  30,000  salmon  donated  by  the 
state.  Henry  H.  Hanson,  president;  George  G.  Gifford,  clerk;  George 
McCann,  treasurer. 

The  Auburn  Aqueduct  Company  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  little  enterprise 
started  years  ago  by  F.  M.  Jordan.  The  first  reservoir  was  a  spring  near 
Edward  Little  High  School  and  it  was  alike  reservoir  and  fountain-head. 
Wooden  pipes  were  laid  to  a  few  houses  and  the  water  was  used  with  satisfac- 
tion. Later,  others  desired  this  supply  and  the  source  was  changed  to  Auburn 
Heights,  where  abundant  springs  were  found.  As  Auburn  increased  in 
population,  more  water  was  needed,  and  the  company  changed  the  source  of 


648  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

supply  to  the  brook  near  the  city  farm,  where  a  dam  was  built  and  water 
carried  by  iron  pipes.  The  company  purchased  the  right  to  enter  Lake 
Auburn  from  the  Franklin  Company  for  $5,000 ;  the  charter  obtained  from  the 
legislature  contained  a  provision  that  the  city  could  buy  the  plant  in  ten  years 
by  payment  of  its  cost  and  10  per  cent,  on  the  investment.  The  time  passed 
and  the  city  lost  its  opportunity  of  purchase.  At  this  time  Auburn  exempted 
the  company  from  taxation  in  consideration  of  water  furnished  for  fire  and 
other  purposes.  However  the  first  hydrants  for  fire  purposes  were  put  in  by 
the  Aqueduct  Company  voluntarily ;  one  near  Roak  Block  and  another  on 
Court  street.  A  new  contract  was  made  in  1883,  whereby  the  company  was 
to  enlarge  its  facilities  (among  other  things  to  lay  a  new  main  to  the  pumping 
station  on  Goff  Hill  from  Turner  street,  to  be  12  inches  in  diameter,  and  pass 
through  Turner,  Union,  and  Court  streets),  and  allow  the  city  the  use  of  water 
at  all  times.  In  payment  the  City  of  Auburn  Water  Loan  Bonds  were  issued 
June  1,  1883,  to  run  15  years  at  four  per  cent.,  and  the  contract  bound  both 
sides  for  fifty  years.  Extensive  work  and  improvements  have  been  done  to 
keep  the  supply  of  water  adequate  to  the  growth  of  the  city.  A  12-inch 
leading  main  extends  3,200  feet  from  Lake  Auburn  to  the  poor  farm,  where  it 
branches  into  two  mains  running  to  the  city;  one  of  12  and  another  of  10 
inches  diameter.  It  is  computed  from  actual  tests  made  by  competent 
engineers  in  1888  that  by  these  mains  2,333,000  gallons  per  day  can  be 
delivered  to  the  city.  The  gravity  pressure  from  the  lake  is  118  feet  at  the 
corner  of  Court  and  Main  streets,  and  71^  feet  at  the  Cushman  shoe  factory. 
The  pressure  from  the  reservoir  at  the  corner  of  Court  and  Main  streets  is  238 
feet  and  at  the  Cushman  shoe  factory  is  191  feet. 

The  Little  Androscoggiyi  Water-Potoer  Coinpany  owns  Barker  mill  and 
was  organized  in  1870.  The  first  step  was  the  purchase  of  300  acres  of  land 
lying  on  the  Little  Androscoggin,  from  its  mouth  a  mile  upward  on  both  banks, 
thus  securing  ownership  aud  control  of  the  water-power  with  its  fall  of  80  feet 
and  capacity  of  2,000  horse-power.  The  second  step,  taken  in  1872,  was  to 
cut  off  the  timber  and  wood  and  build  the  dam  which  furnishes  power  to 
Barker  mill.  This  mill  was  built  in  1874  and  the  company  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  fine  shirtings  and  sheetings,  which  it  has  since  continued. 
The  original  capital  stock  was  $400,000,  and  the  property,  consisting  of  land, 
houses,  canal,  dams,  gas-works,  mill,  and  machinery,  cost  $700,000.  In  1888 
there  was  a  reduction  of  the  stock  to  $340,000,  which  was  made  to  cover  the 
entire  property,  and  left  the  company  free  of  construction  debt.  In  1888  the 
company  built  a  stone  dam  on  the  upper  fall  and  leased  it  to  the  Lewiston  and 
Auburn  Electric  Light  Company  for  40  years.  The  company  also  furnishes 
water-power  for  Hutchins's  factory,  Parsons's  mill.  Whitman's  agricultural 
works.  Auburn  foundry,  Auburn  pump  factory,  F.  R.  Conant's  box  factory, 
and  other  industries.     The  company  employs  275  hands,  has  21,776  spindles, 


City  of  Auburn.  649 


and  432  looms,  uses  2,400  bales  of  cotton  annually,  and  produces  3,600,000 
yards  of  40-inch  sheetings.  The  board  of  directors  now  consists  of  A.  M. 
Pulsifer,  W.  W.  Bolster,  R.  Wesley  Dunn,  S.  D.  Bailey,  Elias  Milliken,  Joseph 
E.  Briggs,  S.  M.  Milliken.  President,  W.  W.  Bolster;  treasurer  and  clerk, 
A.  M.  Pulsifer ;  agent,  William  Hayes. ^ 

The  Lewiston  and  Auburn  Electric  Light  Company  was  organized  February 
21,  1884,  for  lighting  houses,  stores,  and  streets,  and  furnishing  power  for 
machinery.  The  first  officers  were  George  C.  Wing,  president;  F.  W.  Parker, 
treasurer ;  George  C.  Wing,  H.  N.  Wagg,  F.  A.  Sawyer,  N.  I.  Jordan,  A.  R. 
Savage,  directors.  The  capital  stock  is  $180,000.  Present  officers :  A.  R. 
Savage,  president ;  Daniel  Briggs,  treasurer ;  N.  I.  Jordan,  clerk ;  George  C. 
Wing,  A.  R.  Savage,  F.  M.  Jordan,  L.  S.  Ruggles,  D.  J.  Callahan,  A.  E.  Frost, 
and  N.  I.  Jordan,  directors;  F.  E.  Bisbee,  general  superintendent.  The  works 
are  situated  on  the  Little  Androscoggin  river.  About  500  horse-power  is  used 
at  the  works,  and  in  addition  to  this  is  employed  100  horse-power  on  the  cross 
canal,  Lewiston.  The  company  furnishes  lights  for  the  streets  of  Auburn,  100 
arc  lights  in  stores,  and  nearly  4,000  incandescent  lights  in  stores  and  resi- 
dences.    Its  motors  are  in  satisfactory  operation  in  numerous  business  houses. 

The  American  Light  and  Power  Company,  E.  W.  Gross,  treasurer  and  man- 
ager, uses  the  wooden  dam  on  the  Little  Androscoggin  river  near  Littlefield's 
tavern,  to  supply  electric  power  and  light.  Estimated  power,  1,000  horse- 
power. The  company  lias  40  miles  of  wire  for  lighting  and  power,  five  arc 
dynamos,  and  Brush  alternator,  capacity  1,000  lights  and  two  250-horse-power 
turbine  wheels,  ran  five  motors,  two  ten-horse-power  motors  and  one  six-horse- 
powei'.     It  has  300  arc  and  500  incandescent  lights  in  Lewiston  and  Auburn. 

Physicians.  Those  now  in  practice  are  J.  W.  Beede,  B.  F.  Sturgis,  A.  M. 
Peables,  W.  K.  Cakes,  S.  E.  Wentworth,  C.  E.  Williams,  James  Blaisdell 
(West  Auburn),  C.  E.  Philoon,  G.  B.  Andrews,  E.  S.  Coan,  allopaths;  Mary 
Bates  Stevens,  A.  Sails,  H.  C.  Hallowell,  homoeopaths;  D.  N.  Skinner,  eye  and 
ear.  Beside  those  hereafter  mentioned  A.  D.  Edgecomb  was  in  practice  from 
1860  to  1874,  R.  L.  Harlow  1867  to  1885,  W.  C.  Hall  1873  to  1876,  Henry 
Reynolds  1874  to  1882,  G.  L.  Peaslee  1874  to  1884,  E.  C.  Heath  (horn.)  1875  to 
1883,  John  H.  Blake  at  North  Auburn  for  30  years  from  1849,  C.  K.  Packard 
was  at  West  Auburn  from  1867  to  1876,  and  P.  Bridgham  from  1879  to  1882, 
and  others  for  brief  periods.     Dr  C.  E.  Philoon  has  been  in  practice  since  1885. 

Richard  Bradford,  M.I).,  a  native  of  Turner  and  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  in 
the  famous  class  of  1825,  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1829,  commenced  practice 

1  William  Hayes,  sou  of  William  and  Hannah  Patterson  Boynton  Hayes,  agent  of  Barker  mill,  was 
born  in  Lewiston  in  1846,  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R,,  a  Republican  in  politics,  a  Congregationalist  in 
religion,  and  a  member  of  the  Sixth  Street  church.  He  married  Anna  W.  Ham,  May  27,  187(5.  Their 
children  are  Edith  H.,  AVilliam  B.,  Mabel  A.  Mr  Hayes  has  served  for  35  years  in  all  the  different 
positions  of  cotton  mill  and  office,  and  has  been  agent  of  Barker  mill  since  1879. 


(350  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


in  Turner,  and  came  to  Auburn  in  1835.  In  1845  he  relinquished  regular 
practice  for  homoeopathy,  which  he  followed  during  life.  Dr  Bradford  had  a 
large  business,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  oldest  physician  in  the 
county,  also  one  of  the  best  linguists.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Lewiston  Falls 
Academy  for  many  years,  a  deacon  and  treasurer  of  the  Congregational  church, 
and  a  devoted  Christian.     He  died  December  21,  1875,  aged  73  years. 

Silvester  OaJces,  31.1).,  was  born  in  Temple  in  1821,  and  was  educated  at 
Bowdoin,  Harvard,  and  Dartmouth  medical  schools.  After  coming  to  Auburn 
in  1846,  he  took  a  high  place  in  the  medical  profession,  and  served  several  years 
as  trustee  of  Maine  General  Hospital.  In  1855  and  1885  he  was  representa- 
tive;  from  1861  to  1866,  postmaster.  He  was  a  strong  Republican.  He 
served  in  the  city  council,  and  refused  the  nomination  of  mayor  in  1873.  The 
Lewiston  Journal  said  at  his  death,  March  30,  1887:  "Dr  Oakes  was  one  of 
the  most  highly  esteemed  men  of  the  two  cities.  He  lived  a  pure,  generous 
life,  was  public  spirited  and  zealous  in  good  works.  He  was  an  active 
member  of  the  High  Street  Congregational  church.  A  grand  old  man  has 
gone." 

WaUaee  Kilhourne  Oakes,  M.I).,  son  of  Dr  Silvester  and  H.  Eliza  Oakes, 
was  born  in  Auburn,  November  6,  1850.  He  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  in 
1870,  receiving  his  degree  of  A.B.  in  1870,  and  of  A.M.  in  1874.  He  acquired 
his  medical  title  at  Columbia  College,  New  York  City,  in  1873.  He  served  as 
Interne  at  Bellevue  H()S[)itaI  in  1873  and  1874,  and  became  a  physician  in 
Auburn  in  1874.  He  is  a  inember  of  Androscoggin  County,  Maine,  and 
American  Medical  Associations,  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Medicine,  ex-member  of  the  U.  S.  Examining  Board  for  Pensions,  medical 
director  of  the  Maine  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Association,  was  formerly  surgeon 
and  major  of  the  1st  Regt.  Inf.,  M.  V.  M.,  and  is  medical  officer  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  and  an  attending  surgeon  of  Central  Maine  General  Hospital. 

William  Kilhourne,  31. D.,  was  born  in  1802,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.  He  was 
dependent  upon  his  own  resources,  but  educated  himself  thoroughly  for  the 
medical  profession.  He  studied  with  Dr  Porter  of  Thetford,  Vt,  attended 
lectures  at  and  was  graduated  from  Vermont  Medical  College.  In  1848  he 
came  to  Auburn  from  Wilton,  at  once  engaged  in  a  large,  lucrative  practice, 
and  was  in  the  front  rank  of  physicians.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  one 
of  the  oldest  practitioners  in  the  county,  and  was  highly  esteemed.  He  owned 
much  real  estate  in  Lewiston  and  Auburn,  and  contributed  to  the  growth  of 
these  cities.     He  died  in  Jul}'',  1870,  and  was  buried  with  Masonic  honors. 

Nathan  Coy  Harris,  31. D.,  son  of  Amos  and  Judith  J.  (Coy)  Harris,  was 
born  in  Minot,  January  25,  1817.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Maine  Medical 
School  in  1842,  and  from  1851  practiced  his  profession  in  Minot,  Lewiston,  and 
Auburn.  Although  not  in  robust  health  he  was  a  successful  and  popular 
practitioner  until  his  death.  May  15,  1875.       He  was  a  close  student,  and  a 


City  of  Auburn.  651 


great  reader  and  lover  of  classic  literature.  He  was  a  member  of  Maine 
Medical  and  Androscoggin  County  Medical  Associations  and  an  early  pres- 
ident of  the  latter.  He  married  in  1845  Harriet  Ann,  daughter  of  W.  H. 
Woodbury,  of  Minot.     N.  W.  Harris,  Esq.,  is  their  only  surviving  child. 

Henrif  L.  K.  Wiggin,  M.I).,  was  born  at  Wolfeborough,  N.  H.,  April  30, 
1820,  and  died  at  Auburn,  August  20,  1875.  He  came  in  early  life  with  his 
parents  to  Leeds.  He  received  an  academic  education,  and  was  graduated  in 
medicine  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  in  1847. 
He  located  first  in  Minot.  In  1852  Dr  Wiggin  came  to  Auburn,  and  soon 
was  eminent  as  a  physician  and  surgeon.  He  was  for  a  few  months  surgeon 
of  the  17th  Me.  His  medical  library  was  one  of  the  finest  in  Maine.  He  was 
a  prominent  and  liberal  member  of  the  Congregational  church  for  20  years. 

Joshua  WllUam.  Beede,  31.1).,  son  of  Phineas  and  Hannah  L.  (Purinton) 
Beede,  was  born  April  29,  1832,  in  Poplin,  N.  H.  He  attended  Phillips 
Exeter  Academy,  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1856.  He  attended  medical 
lectures  at  Harvard  Medical  College,  and  at  Bellevue  Hospital,  New  York, 
where  he  received  his  degree  in  1864.  He  located  at  Auburn,  June  30,  1864, 
and  has  since  been  in  practice.  He  is  a  member  of  Maine  and  Androscoggin 
Medical  Associations,  and  has  been  president  of  the  latter.  He  is  an  attending 
physician  of  Central  Maine  General  Hospital,  Dr  Beede  lias  served  as  member 
of  the  city  council,  as  one  of  the  superintending  school  committee  for  eight 
years,  and,  in  1890,  was  secretary  of  the  board  of  health. 

Benjamin  F.  Sturgls,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Gorham,  October  28,  1837,  and 
acquired  his  medical  education  at  Bowdoin  College  and  Harvard  University, 
receiving  his  degree  from  Maine  Medical  School  in  1863.  He  was  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  19th  Maine  in  the  Civil  War,  and  later  was  a  physician  at  New 
Gloucester,  He  located  in  Auburn,  October  1,  1867.  He  is  an  attending 
surgeon  of  Central  Maine  General  Hospital,  and  a  member  of  Androscoggin 
County  and  Maine  Medical  Associations,  and  has  been  president  of  both  the 
latter  bodies.  Dr  Sturgis  has  been  prominent  in  civil  affairs.  He  has  served 
in  both  branches  of  the  city  governnent;  was  mayor  in  1884,  representative  in 
1874  and  1875,  and  state  senator  in  1877,  and  has  been  entrusted  with  many 
responsible  public  positions. 

Davis  N.  Skinner,  31. D.,  son  of  Jordan  and  Eliza  Skinner,  was  born  in 
Lewiston,  November  17, 1841.  He  was  educated  for  his  profession  at  Lewiston 
and  Virginia,  and  received  his  degree  of  M.D.  at  Bowdoin  College,  June,  1867. 
Commencing  practice  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  he  established  himself  at  Auburn, 
August  1,  1872.  He  belongs  to  the  Maine  Medical  Association,  and  the 
Androscoggin  County  Medical  Association,  of  which  he  was  president  in  1889, 
and  is  an  ophthalmic  surgeon  of  Central  Maine  General  Hospital.  Dr 
Skinner  devotes  himself  exclusively  to  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear.  In  these 
specialties  he  is  unsurpassed  in  New  England.     A  valuable  volume  on    "The 


652  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Care  of  the  Eyes  in  Health  and  Sickness,"  written  by  him,  was  published 
iu  1891. 

Andreiv  M.  Peables,  M.I).,  son  of  James  and  Margaret  M.  Peables,  was  born 
in  Danville,  September  7,  1836.  He  received  his  medical  education  at  Dart- 
mouth (N.  H.)  Medical  College  and  was  graduated  in  November,  1863.  He 
was  a  surgeon  in  the  U.  S.  army,  and  physician  in  Norway  before  coming  to 
Auburn  in  1873.  He  is  a  member  and  has  been  president  of  Androscoggin 
County  Medical  Association ;  a  member  and  vice-president  of  Maine  Medical 
Association  ;  a  member  of  American  Medical  Association;  and  is  an  attending 
physician  of  Central  Maine  General  Hospital. 

/Stephen  E.  Wenfworth,  M.B.,  born  in  Limington,  August  26,  1837,  was 
educated  at-  Limington  Academy  and  Bowdoin  College,  receiving  his  M.D. 
from  Maine  Medical  School  in  1865.  He  practiced  in  Lovell  and  Brownfield, 
and  came  to  Auburn  in  1873.  He  is  a  member  of  Maine  Medical  and 
Androscoggin  County  Medical  Associations. 

Mrs  Mary  Bates  /Stevens,  M.I).,  daughter  of  Rev.  George  and  Louisa 
(Prince)  Bates,  was  born  in  Turner,  March  18,  1839.  She  was  educated  at 
New  York  Medical  College  and  Hospital  for  Women,  New  York  City,  and 
there  received  her  degree  of  M.D.  in  March,  1875.  She  then  established 
herself  as  a  physician  in  Auburn.  Mrs  Stevens  belongs  to  tlie  Maine  State 
Homoeopathic  Association. 

Charles  E.  Williams,  M.D.,  son  of  Barnaid  and  Elizabeth  A.  (Herrick) 
Williams,  was  born  in  Durham,  A[)ril  6,  1848.  His  medical  education  was 
obtained  at  Maine  Medical  School,  Portland  School  for  Medical  Instruction, 
and  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  City,  and  he  was  graduated 
from  the  latter  institution  in  March,  1879.  He  began  practice  at  Kingfield, 
Me,  and  in  September,  1880,  located  in  Auburn.  He  belongs  to  Androscoggin 
County  and  Maine  Medical  Associations,  has  been  president  of  the  former,  and 
is  an  adjunct  surgeon  of  the  Central  Maine  General  Hospital. 

George  B.  Andreivs,  3I.B.,  was  boi-n  in  Paris,  May  21,  1862.  His  medical 
education  was  acquired  at  the  University  of  Vermont  and  Post-Graduate 
Medical  School  of  New  York  City.  He  received  his  degree  of  M.D.  from  the 
University  of  Vermont  in  1886.  January  1,  1887,  he  located  in  Auburn,  and 
is  city  physician  and  president  of  Androscoggin  Count}^  Medical  Association. 

EUsha  Skinner  Coan,  M.B.,  was  born  in  Exeter,  January  26,  1843.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr  David  Evans,  of  Garland,  and  at  the  Maine  Medical 
School  (Bowdoin  College),  and  was  graduated  as  M.D.  in  July,  1870.  He 
practiced  in  Bradford  and  Garland  until  coming  to  Auburn  in  December,  1887, 
He  is  a  member  of  Penobscot  County,  Androscoggin  County,  and  Maine 
Medical  Associations.  He  served  in  the  Twentieth  Maine  from  July,  1862,  to 
October,  1863,  and  in  the  U.  S.  S.  corps  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from 
October,  1863,  to  June,  1865. 


City  of  Auburn.  653 


Alfred  Sails,  M.D.,  is  a  native  of  Burke,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan,  and  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  received  his  degree.  He 
has  practiced  12  years  in  Quincy  and  Marlboro,  Mass.  He  purchased  a  resi- 
dence at  No.  6(3  Goff  street,  Auburn,  where  he  located  in  1890.  He  is  a 
honioeopathist. 

Frank  I.  Given,  M.D.,  son  of  Josei)h  M.  and  Mary  A.  Given,  was  born  in 
Wales,  April  24,  1861.  He  was  educated  for  his  profession  at  the  Medical 
School  of  Maine  and  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  New  York  City,  where 
he  received  his  degree  April  15,  1886.  He  first  practiced  in  Auburn,  and 
February  10,  1889,  located  at  Hillsborough,  New  Mexico.  He  belongs  to  the 
Androscoggin  County  Medical  Association  and  has  been  its  secretary. 

Hotels.  Elm  Home,  37  Court  street  (see  page  605);  Revere  House,  21 
Court  street ;  Pa7'k  House,  263  Main  street.  This  hotel  is  finely  located,  and  has 
been  recently  refitted  and  steam  heat  introduced.     L.  C.  Dunham,  proprietor. 

Leading  Traders.  Oscar  Holway  ,f?  Co.  have  an  extensive  wholesale 
trade  in  flour.  Their  great  store-house  is  on  the  line  of  the  Maine  Central 
Ivailroad,  and  14  to  16  employes  are  required.  They  are  connected  with  the 
firm  of  Jeivett,  Holway  tf-  Co.,  who  do  a  large  business  in  grain  and  feed  and 
sell  by  the  carload. 

Wood,  Robinson  c|'  Co.,  ])aper  jobbers,  manufacturers'  agents,  and  wholesale 
dealers  in  paper,  paper  bags,  twine,  tags,  etc.,  101  Main  street.  This  business 
was  opened  in  1882,  as  C.  A.  Robinson  &  Co.,  but  the  firm  soon  took  its 
present  title.  The  members  are  B.  F.  Wood  and  C.  A.  Robinson.  They  have 
developed  a  large  business,  and  have  an  ease  of  outgrowing  their  accommoda- 
tions that  shows  rapid  increase  of  trade. 

Hill  Brothers,  wholesale  fancy  goods,  furnishing  goods,  notions,  etc., 
Franklin  street,  rear  57  Court.  This  business  was  commenced  by  Benjamin  J. 
Hill,  about  1865,  with  headquarters  in  Auburn,  and  one  wagon  on  the  road. 
In  1875  he  located  at  39  Court  street.  In  1880  C.  W.  Hill  became  a  partner, 
and  the  firm  took  its  present  name.  In  May,  1890,  the  business  was  removed 
to  their  new  store  now  occupied.  Several  traveling  salesmen  are  employed, 
and  a  business  of  over  $100,000  is  done  annually. 

R.  W.  Hansco7n  ^  Co.  (wholesale),  furnishing  and  fancy  goods,  etc.,  168 
Main  street.  Ruel  W.  Hanscom  was  member  of  the  Boston  mercantile  house 
of  Pierce,  Jordan  &  Hanscom  before  the  war.  In  1864  he  succeeded  Jacobs 
&  Cole,  dry  goods  merchants  in  Lewiston,  and  was  in  trade  there  until  1868, 
when  he  and  Frank  Bartlett  purchased  the  store  of  R.  M.  Jordan  in  Central 
Block.  In  1869  Mr  Bartlett  retired  and  Mr  Hanscom  began  business  as  R.  W. 
Hanscom  &  Co.  C.  W.  and  B.  J.  Hill  were  for  a  time  his  partners.  Since 
1886  the  business  has  been  in  Auburn,  and  since  October,  1888,  in  its  present 
location.  A  large  business  is  done,  several  salesmen  are  traveling,  and  nearly 
30  hands  are  employed  in  manufacturing  clothing. 


654  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

L.  S.  Ruggles^  114  Main  street,  wholesale  confectioner,  commenced  trade 
in  1868,  and  now  has  from  four  to  six  teams  on  the  road.  T.  A.  Huston  ^  Co., 
26  Main  street,  wholesale  confectioners  and  bakers,  have  a  large  trade.  E.  F. 
Cross,  48  Court  street,  is  another  house  in  this  line. 

M.  A.  Curtis  ^  Co.,  commission  merchants,  do  an  extensive  business,  and 
is  a  branch  of  a  large  importing  house  of  Boston.  The  sale  of  bananas  is  a 
special  feature,  reaching  from  110,000  to  $16,000  yearly.  This  firm  is  a  heavy 
purchaser  of  Aroostook  potatoes  and  a  shipper  of  apples.  Otis  Hayford  ^  Co., 
Miller  street,  also  deal  in  produce. 

Dry  and  Fancy  Goods.  F.  A.  BartUtt  cj-  Son,  46  and  48  Court  street, 
is  the  oldest  dry  goods  house,  dating  back  to  the  days  before  the  war,  when 
N.  &  J.  Dingley  were  in  trade.-  The  firm  of  J.  S.  Cobb  &  Co.  was  formed  with 
Jeremiah  Dingley  and  Frank  Bartlett  as  members  and  traded  where  John 
Dingley  &  Co.  now  do  business.  Later  he  was  in  company  with  J.  O.  Foss, 
P.  M.  Woodman,  and  John  F.  Eaton.  By  1877  he  was  in  trade  alone  and 
continued  to  sell  dry  goods  and  groceries.  In  1880  the  dry  goods  and  notions 
house  of  Bartlett  &  Jordan  was  established  at  1  Goif  Block,  which,  in  1884, 
became  F.  Bartlett  &  Son.  The  business  is  a  leading  one,  requiring  several 
assistants.  The  Atkinson  House  Furnishvm/  Co.  located  a  branch  of  its  business 
at  106  and  108  Main  street  in  October,  1887,  and  do  a  large  business  in  the 
sale  of  furniture,  carpets,  and  house-furnishing  goods.  A.  W.  Fowles  <f'  Co.,  87 
Main  street,  opened  their  fine  store  April  4, 1889.  They  occupy  the  first  floor 
and  basement  and  keep  a  large  stock  of  dry  goods,  dress  goods,  shawls,  etc., 
and  employ  six  salesmen.  W.  H.  Wigyin,  66  _  Main  street,  has  acquired 
reputation  and  business  by  devoting  himself  to  fancy  goods  alone  and  remain- 
ing in  one  location  since  1872. 

Clothing,  Etc.  G-eorye  W.  Cobb,  57  Court,  succeeding  Haskell  &  Cobb, 
carries  a  stock  of  clothing,  furnishing  goods,  hats  and  caps.  A7-a  B.  Cushnan, 
56  Court  street,  has  a  finely-selected  stock  of  clothing,  furnishing  goods,  etc. 
J.  H.  Tivomhly  ^  Co.,  52  Court  street,  E.  Cornish,  15  Court  street,  are  merchant 
tailors. 

Coal,  Wood,  Hay,  Etc.  R.  R.  Smith  ^  Son,  212  Court  street.  The 
business  was  begun  20  years  ago  and  has  kept  full  pace  with  the  growth  of  the 
city.  In  1883  Charles  E.  Smith  became  proprietor,  and  in  1884  was  succeeded 
by  the  present  firm,  Hannibal  R.  and  S.  B.  Smith.  Employment  is  given  to 
from  eight  to  twelve  men.  Over  6,000  tons  of  coal  is  annually  sold  and  a  large 
wholesale  and  retail  business  done  in  wood  and  ha3^  H.  P.  Dormmi  cf  Co., 
Cross  Canal,  Lewiston,  and  144  Main  street.  Auburn,  is  another  old  and  reliable 
house.     Bearee,  Wilson  ^  Co.  do  a  large  business  in  both  cities. 

Ice.  B.  p.  Field  ^  Co.— This  firm  was  formed  in  1886  by  D.  P.  Field, 
Hillman  Smith,  and  L.  G.  Lord,  all  residents  of  Auburn.  Their  chief  office  is 
in  Lewiston  and  their  operations  cover  both  cities.  They  employ  quite  a  force 
and  store  5,000  tons  of  ice. 


City  of  Auburn.  655 


Hides.     *S'.  P.  ^liUer,  140  Main  street:  F.  PenJey,  37  Knight  street. 

Groceries,  Etc.  Jolin  Dlngley  §-  Co.,  86  Main  street.  This  large  estab- 
lishment has  existed  from  ante-bellum  days,  and  carries  a  great  stock  of  goods, 
including  groceries,  crockery,  lime,  cement,  etc.  Dresser,  3IiUett  ^  Co.,  40 
Main  street,  have  been  in  trade  since  1889,  succeeding  A.  W.  Penley.  C.  A. 
Leonard,  94  Main  street,  succeeded  to  the  business  started  by  James  M. 
Stevens  (now  dealing  in  fruits  and  confectionery  on  Court  street)  and  Herbert 
A.  Goss,  in  1886,  as  Stevens  cj-  Goss.  Peahles  ^  Grarcelon,  70  Main  street. 
This  firm  has  existed  from  1865,  as  L.  F.  Chase,  Chase  &  Peables,  Peables  & 
Penley,  and,  since  1882,  with  present  name.  A.  M.  Penley,  98  Main  street, 
established  in  1883.  John  A.  Sawyer,  108  Main  street,  has  an  extensive  market 
in  connection  with  groceries,  and  succeeds  a  business  established  in  1868,  and 
lately  conducted  by  Chase  &  Bean  and  John  A.  Bean.  Littlefield  ^  Gove,  186 
Main  street,  have  been  in  trade  about  a  year.  Olfene  ^f  Holmes,  179  Main 
street,  have  been  in  trade  some  years.  T.  S.  Pesniond,  15  South  Main  street ; 
J.  P.  Merrill,  64  Court  street ;  Kniyht  cf-  Chase,  69  Court  street;  A.  C.  Haley, 
174  Court  street ;  F.  B.  Norris  tf  Co.,  54  Union  street ;  PhUoon  ^  Brewster, 
49  Hampshire  street ;  Isaiah  Mitchell,  62  Spring  street ;  Solon  Maeomher,  203 
Turner  street ;  Edioin  T.  Stevens,  211  Turner  street,  are  also  grocers.  Atwood 
^  Lowell,  220  Court  street,  have  a  business  founded  in  1873  by  J.  Q.  A. 
Atwood.  In  1876  Winchester  G.  Lowell  came  into  the  firm,  which  took  its 
present  name.  C.  S.  Atwood  succeeded  J.  Q.  A.  Atwood  in  1877.  This  house 
does  a  large  business.  -/.  C.  Symmes,  178  Court  street,  was  of  the  firm 
Symmes  &  Atwood,  that  founded  the  Old  Guff  Market  on  Main  sti'eet,  in  1879. 
He  became  sole  owner  in  1877,  and  has  been  in  trade  since. 

Hardware,  Etc.  George  B.  Brooks,  10  Court  street,  succeeds  the  busi- 
ness established  in  1860  by  his  father,  Barker  Brooks,  a  prominent  business 
man,  who  died  in  1879.  Inyersoll,  Whitman  cf*  Co.,  64  Main  street,  corner 
of  Court,  have  a  large  stock  of  stoves,  ranges,  tin-ware,  ci'ockery,  glass-ware, 
etc.,  and  hot-water  and  steam-heating  apparatus,  and  do  plumbing,  and  employ 
a  large  force  of  employes.  L.  W.  Haskell  ^  Co.,  100  Main  street,  in  connec- 
tion with  stoves,  ranges,  etc.,  deal  in  hot-water  and  steam-heating  apparatus, 
dust  piping,  dust  separators,  and  exhaust  fans,  and  are  plumbers.  The  Good- 
year Shoe  Machinery   Co.,  92  Main  street,  carry  a  full  line  of  goods. 

Harnesses,  Etc.  Wood  ^f  Walker,  152  Main  street,  manufacturers  of 
harnesses  and  dealers  in  trunks,  satchels,  robes,  etc.,  succeeded  Lyman  Wood 
&  Son  in  1876.  C.  W.  Covell  cf  Co.,  90  Main  street ;  N.  S.  Fogg,  5  Turner 
street. 

Boots  and  Shoes.  Attwood  ij-  Barrows,  60  Court  street;  W.F.Moody, 
74  Main  street. 

Watches,  Jewelry,  Etc.  The  old  house  (founded  1875)  of  A.  B.  Hall 
is  located  at  55  Court  street ;  George  E.  Wills,  at  84  Court  street ;  H.  E.  Doten., 
83  Main  street. 


656  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Books,  Stationery,  Etc.  The  oldest  and  largest  firm  is  J.  C.  Haskell, 
55  Court  street,  successor  to  Haskell  cj-  Reynolds,  who  succeeded  in  1886  to 
the  business  of  Willard  Small  &  Co.,  conducted  since  1872.  S.  A.  Pollister, 
88  Court  street,  established  1888. 

Cigars,  Tobacco,  Etc.  J.  B.  Hmerton,  124  Main  street ;  W.  A.  Alden, 
10  Court  street. 

Manufacturing  Chemists,  Druggists,  Etc.  Auburn  Drw)  and  Chemi- 
cal Co.,  68  Court  street,  was  incorporated  in  1887  with  $50,000  capital,  to 
manufacture  remedies  formerlj^  made  by  H.  C.  Packard  &  Co.  The  officers 
were  S.  F.  Merrill  president,  N.  W.  Harris  vice-president,  H.  C.  Packard 
treasurer,  W.  B.  Kilbourne  secretary.  This  has  grown  to  large  proportions. 
The  principal  preparations  are  Pix  Liquida  Compound  for  coughs,  A.  D.  &  C. 
Co.'s  Sarsaparilla  Extract,  Packard's  Purity  Tooth  Powders,  and  other  articles. 
They  also  carry  on  a  large  drug  store  and  have  several  employes.  Mr  Packard 
is  a  natural  chemist  and  pharmacist,  and  his  30  years'  experience  gives  ample 
security  that  the  preparations  of  this  company  are  of  the  best.  Dr  Jolm  F. 
True  ^  Co.  have  their  large  laboratory  and  office  in  connection  with  the 
elegant  residence  of  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  on  Drummond  street.  Dr 
True's  Pin  Worm  Elixir  has  been  manufactured  40  years  with  a  constantly 
growing  reputation,  and  many  wholesale  dealers  now  order  it.  The  museum 
connected  with  the  office  is  large  and  uncommon,  and  the  genial  doctor  takes 
great  pleasure  in  showing  the  specimens  and  giving  information.  W.  A. 
B-ohinson  ^"  Co.,  corner  Court  and  Main,  founded  as  Robinson  &  Beede  in  1867, 
Smith  ^  Cook,  Goff  Block,  and  B.  L.  Alden  ^  Co.,  establislied  in  1876,  corner 
Broad  and  Main,  are  extensive  druggists  and  manufacturing  chemists. 

Dentists.  Dr  F.  B.  Bi(/elow,  72  Main  street,  is  a  native  of  Livermore. 
He  has  been  a  manufacturing  dentist  for  21  years,  is  thoroughly  conversant 
with  his  profession,  does  faithful,  conscientious  work,  and  has  held  important 
trusts  with  as  much  skill  and  ability  as  he  manifests  in  his  dental  operations. 
Other  dentists  are  I.  Croddard,  72  Main  street;  C.  B.  Payson,  76  Main  street; 
1\  R.  Howe,  Goff  Block;  R.  B.  Record,  58  Court  street;  H.  W.  Field,  65 
Court   street. 

Insurance  and  Real  Estate.  A^.  I.  Jordan  cj-  Co.,  Goff  Block  ;  Verrill  ' 
^Hutchinsoji,  83  Main  street;  Cumminys  ^  Youny,  81  Main  street;  C.  E.  G-ar- 
celon,  57  Court  street;  '/.  B.  Hunton  (real  estate)  ;  C.  H.  Bray,  81  Main  street; 
a.  H.  Bryant,  246  Main  street;  Miller  ^  Owen,  Goff  Block;  M.  F.  Ricker,  81 
Main  street. 

Photographers.     C.  H  Cumminys  ^  Son,  68  Main  street. 

Nurserymen.     Homer  N.  Chase  ^  Co.,  81  Main  street. 

ID.  W.  Verrill,  who  was  collector  of  taxes  of  Auburn  from  1873  to  1885,  and  city  treasurer  from 
1877  to  1891,  when  he  declined  a  re-election. 


City  of  Auburn.  657 


SocEETiES,  Etc.  Besides  those  mentioned  elsewhere,  Auburn  has  these 
active  organizations:  Ruth  Lodge,  DaH<jhter><  of  Rehekah;  Enterprise,  Eureka, 
New  Auburn  Lodges,  Auburn  Division  (Uniform  Rank),  Harmony  (sisterhood), 
KnigMa  of  Pijihiaa;  Roi/al  Conclave  of  Knights  and  Ladies;  Knights  of 
Honor;  United  Order  of  Golden  Cross;  L.  of  H. ;  United  Order  of  Pilgrim 
Fathers;  Auburn,  Prospect,  and  Lidustry  (East  Auburn)  Lodges  of  Good 
Templars;  Star  of  the  East,  R.  T.  of  T. ;  North  Star  lodge  of  New  England 
Order  of  Protection. 


CHAPTER   XXXVHL 


Universalist  Churches — Congregational  Churches  —  Baptist  Churches  — Free  Baptist 
Church —Methodist  Episcopal  Churches — Episcopal  Church— Y.  M.  C.  A. — Schools- 
Ladies'  Charital)le  Society  —  Auburn  Art  Club — Associated  Charities  —  Public  Library. 

THE  UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH.  — A  Universalist  society  was  organ- 
ized February  8,  1823,  by  the  people  of  Minot,  Danville,  and  Lewiston.^ 
February  4,  1829,  a  request  is  recorded  to  a  justice  for  a  warrant  to  call 
a  meeting  to  form  a  Universalist  society,  signed  by  45  voters  of  Lewiston, 
Minot,  and  Danville.  Article  second  of  the  constitution  reads:  "The  immoral 
conduct  of  any  member  shall  be  laid  before  the  society  by  any  member  of  the 
society  knowing  the  facts.  The  defendant  shall  have  a  fair  trial,  and  for 
minor  offenses  may  be  admonished  and  forgiven,  but  for  drunkenness,  gamb- 
ling, profanity,  or  theft  he  sliall  be  expelled.  We  will  discourage  the  above 
vices  as  much  as  in  us  lies,  and  encourage  religion  and  morality  in  every 
person."  The  first  officers  were  Dan  Read,  moderator;  John  Smith,  clerk; 
James  Lowell,  treasurer ;  Calvin  Gorham,  Barton  Anderson,  Elisha  Stetson, 
James  Lowell,  and  Ephraim  Richardson,  standing  committee;  Dan  Read,  Esq., 
Elisha  Stetson,  and  Stephen  H.  Read,  assessors.  At  the  first  meeting  it  was 
voted  to  raise  140  by  taxation  for  public  preaching,  and  Joel  Thompson,  Dan 
Read,  Esq.,  and  Cyrus  Barker  were  chosen  delegates  to  the  Kennebec  District 
Convention. 

The  Leiviston  Falls  Universalist  Society  was  organized  January  14,  1836,  a 
new  constitution  adopted,  and  the  object  of  the  society  defined  to  be  "the 
promotion  of  religion  and  piety,  and  the  suppression  of  vice  and  immorality." 

iThe  Maine  Universalist  Convention  had  its  origin  in  a  council  held  June  24,  1828,  in  the  dwelling 
of  James  Lowell  in  Lewiston.  Eighteen  clergymen  were  present;  Rev.  Wm  Frost,  of  Dexter,  was 
elected  moderator;  Rev.  J.  W.  Hoskins,  of  Wiscasset,  clerk.  Delegates  were  present  from  28  societies. 
The  state  was  divided  into  four  associations,  and  the  Convention  was  constituted  by  all  the  Universalist 
ministers  in  the  state  and  lay  delegates  elected  by  the  associations. 


658  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Any  person  of  good  moral  character  was  entitled  to  membership.  The  first 
standing  committee  was  Calvin  Gorham,  John  Smith,  and  Jabez  Merrill. 
March  18,  1836,  Rev.  David  T.  Stevens^  became  pastor.  The  meetings  were 
held  alternately  on  each  side  of  the  river :  in  Lewiston,  in  a  brick  school-house 
near  the  Free  Baptist  church  on  Main  street;  in  Auburn,  in  the  school-house 
on  Turner  street.  The  society  had  preaching  but  half  the  time,  the  other  half 
the  pastor  was  employed  at  Minot  Corner,  Greene,  Lisbon,  etc.  The  salary 
paid  was  -fS.SO  a  Sabbath.  The  religious  interest  increased  until  the  spring  of 
1838,  when  a  religious  revival  extended  to  all  denominations,  but  effected  this 
society  to  a  great  extent.  April  25,  1838,  a  Universalist  church  was  organized 
with  22  members  which  soon  increased  to  40.  Among  the  early  members  were 
Dan  Read  and  wife  (Mr  Read  may  be  justly  considered  the  father  of  this 
society),  Robert  Anderson  and  his  son  Barton,  Dr  Gorham  and  wife,  Nathan 
Reynolds  and  wife,  of  Lewiston.  Jabez  Merrill,  Capt.  James  Goff,  Micajah 
Littlefield,  William  B.  Merrill  and  their  wives  were  early  members.  Mrs 
Elisha  Stetson,  Mrs  J.  Smith,  and  Mrs  J.  Goff  were  active  Universalists;  James 
Nash,  Samuel  Berry,  Darius  White,  Nathan  Briggs,  Orrison  Wood,  and  Samuel 
Read,  of  Lewiston,  were  strong  supporters.  Rev.  W.  R.  French  writes  this  of 
the  early  choir:  "As  constant  as  the  return  of  Sunday  they  were  in  their  places. 
John  Smith  sang  with  a  clear,  sweet  voice,  and  never  made  any  discord  in  the 
choir  or  elsewhere;  Solomon  P.  Gorham  was  one  of  our  prominent  singers, 
and  for  some  time  a  leader;  Deacon  Rowe  was  a  member,  and  no  man  ever 
praised  God  more  conscientiously;  Mrs  Mary  Salina  Read's  voice  made  melody 
many  years;  Miss  Julia  Goff  and  Mrs  Olivia  French  sang  with  spirit  and 
sweet  harmony ;  James  Goff,  Jr,  played  on  one  violin,  Nathan  Reynolds  on 
another,  while  Marshall  Ford  evoked  music  from  the  bass  viol." 

Meetmfi-HouHe. — In  the  spring  of  1838  measures  were  taken  to  build  a 
house  of  worship,  and  F'ebruary  13,  1839,  the  meeting-house  was  completed, 
and  nearly  paid  for;  it  was  a  creditable  structure  for  the  times  and  an  orna- 

^  Rev.  David  Thurston  Stevens  was  Lorn  in  Strong,  April  17,1809.  His  early  life  was  passed  in 
Sumner,  his  educational  advantages  were  the  common  schools  and  two  terms  at  Hebron  Academy. 
When  17  years  old  he  became  a  Universalist,  and  in  1832  went  to  Westbrook  and  studied  under  the 
guidance  of  Rev.  Mr  Brimblecome,  a  Harvard  student.  In  a  few  weeks  he  was  called  upon  to  deliver 
a  discourse  he  had  written,  and  this  was  so  acceptable  that  another  was  called  for,  and  he  was  soon 
sent  into  the  field.  He  returned  to  Oxford  county  and  preached  as  an  evangelist  for  three  years.  In 
1836  he  commenced  his  labors  at  Lewiston  Falls,  and  preached  here  and  at  Minot  Corner  and  Lisbon, 
In  1841  feeble  health  precluded  such  constant  work,  and  he  retired  from  a  settled  pastorate  and 
engaged  in  agriculture,  preaching  occasionally.  In  186.5  he  went  to  Livermore  Falls  and  remained 
several  years  there  as  pastor;  then  removed  to  Guilford  for  four  years.  He  later  returned  to  Auburn, 
where  he  is  "  tilling  the  soil."  Mr  Stevens  has  been  a  great  religious  worker,  has  organized  churches 
in  New  Gloucester,  Woodstock,  West  Minot,  and  many  other  places,  and,  although  over  80  years  of  age, 
retains  much  of  his  original  vigor.  He  married,  December  3,  1834,  Julia  F.  Cliurchill,  of  Hartford. 
Their  surviving  children  are  Edwin  T.,  Julia  F.  (Mrs  Augustine  Young),  Philena  C.  (wife  of  Rev.  Wm 
A.  Start,  Secretary  of  Massachusetts  T^niversalist  Convention),  Churchill  S.,  Charles  A.,  N.  Maria, 
Harriet  A.    He  married,  second,  Mrs  Harriet  N.  Stevens,  born  in  Eaton. 


City  of  Auburn.  659 


ment  to  the  village.  It  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  High  Street  Methodist 
Church.  The  building  committee  was  Samuel  Berry,  Stephen  H.  Read,  and 
James  Goff,  Jr;  the  principal  builders  were  Silas  Bradbury,  George  Emerson, 
and  Joseph  Currier.  On  the  morning  of  February  13,  1839,  the  church  was 
dedicated  to  the  service  of  the  one  living  and  true  God.  In  the  afternoon  Rev. 
David  T.  Stevens  was  publicly  installed  pastor  of  the  church  and  society.  The 
sermon  was  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Quinby,  of  Turner.  The  first  regular  service  was 
held  the  next  Sabbath;  the  text  was:  "It  is  the  Lord's  doing;  it  is  marvellous 
in  our  eyes."  Rev.  Mr  Stevens  labored  here  faithfully  and  with  good  results, 
until  the  fall  of  1841.  Rev.  W.  R.  French  came  in  May,  1842,  remained  nine 
years,  and  his  pastoral  duties  were  performed  with  fidelity  and  general 
acceptance.  Rev.  I.  C.  Knowlton  was  pastor  one  year,  and  was  followed 
by  Rev.  Joseph  A.  Bartlett,  who  was  here  a  few  months.  Rev.  Massena 
Goodrich  was  a  successful  laborer  in  this  field  for  two  years.  Rev. 
C.  H.  Webster  closed  his  three  years'  service  in  1858.  Rev.  G.  W.  Quinby 
supplied  for  awhile,  and  Rev.  R.  Blacker  for  a  year.  The  society  was  now  in 
a  weak  condition,  but  by  the  strenuous  exertions  and  faithfulness  of  a  few  of 
its  adherents  it  was  strengthened  and  upheld,  and  by  their  efforts  the  church 
building  was  purchased  by  the  society  from  the  pew-holders.  In  the  spring  of 
1860,  Rev.  George  Bates  commenced  a  pastorate  of  three  years,  and  his 
influence  harmonized  and  cemented  the  religious  forces  of  this  church;  a 
reorganization  was  effected  in  1862  under  the  name  of  the  First  Universalist 
Church  of  Auburn,  with  this  profession  of  faith: 

I.  We  believe  in  the  One  Living  and  True  God,  the  Creator  and   Governor  of  the 
Universe,  the  Father  and  Friend  of  all  spirits,  infinite  in  every  possible  perfection. 

II.  We  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  that  he  is  the  Son  of  God,  and  the  Saviour  of  the  world. 

III.  We  believe  in  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  as  containing  a 
Revelation  of  the  Character  and  Will  of  God  and  of  the  Duty  and  Destiny  of  Man. 

IV.  We  believe  that  God  has  purposed  the  salvation  of  all  human  souls  from  sin,  and 
that  all  will  ultimately  be  holy  and  happy. 

In  the  spring  of  1863  the  Lewiston  residents  withdrew  and  established  a 
society  and  erected  a  church  building.  July,  1863,  Rev.  J.  C.  Snow  was  called 
to  this  parish.  During  his  pastorate  the  meeting-house  was  rebuilt  and  the 
seating  capacity  enlarged  from  56  pews  to  80  pews,  a  large  church  organ  pur- 
chased, the  vestry  finished  and  furnished,  and  the  church  membership  greatly 
increased.  Rev.  Mr  Snow  resigned  October  1,  1869,  to  take  charge  of  West- 
brook  Seminary.  The  desk  was  supplied  mostly  by  Rev.  George  Bates  until 
July,  1870,  when  Rev.  O.  F.  Van  Cise,  of  the  Canton  Theological  School, 
became  pastor.  He  resigned  April  1,  1872.  July,  1872,  Rev.  J.  C.  Snow  was 
recalled.  October  10,  1873,  measures  were  taken  for  the  organization  of  the 
First    Universalht  Parish   of  Auburn.      This    parish    had    111    members.      In 


QQQ  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


November,  1874,  a  parish  meeting  was  held  in  relation  to  building  a  new 
church.  Ara  Cushman  made  a  proposition  to  donate  the  lot  on  Elm  street, 
extending  from  Pleasant  street  to  Spring  street,  to  the  parish,  if  they  would 
erect  a  church  and  complete  it  by  June  1,  1876,  on  that  lot  or  on  any  other 
lot  within  the  village  proper.  The  parish  voted  to  accept  this  generous 
proposition,  and  appointed  Rev.  J.  C.  Snow,  B.  F.  Briggs,  and  Henry  Willis  to 
solicit  funds  for  the  erection  of  a  church.  B.  F.  Briggs,  Henry  Willis,  O.  B. 
Morse,  Hiram  C.  Briggs,  and  I.  C.  Downes  were  chosen  building  committee 
January  4,  1875,  and  January  11  the  parish  authorized  this  committee  to 
proceed  to  build  on  the  Elm  street  lot.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  June  3, 
1875.  A  box  was  deposited  in  the  tower  foundation  containing  a  copy  of  the 
faith,  covenant,  and  constitution  of  the  church.  Rev.  D.  T.  Stevens's  historical 
sermon  preached  Ma}^  1864,  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  the  parish,  copies  of 
various  denominational  papers,  minutes  of  Maine  Convention  of  Universalists 
for  1873  and  1874,  copies  of  Lewiston  WeeMy  and  Daily  Journal,  Lewuton 
G-azette,  Auburn  Reformer,  statistics  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  manufactures  for 
1872-3-4-5,  fractional  currency  then  in  use  of  the  one,  two,  three,  and  five 
cent  coins  and  private  scrip  issued  during  the  Civil  War,  a  copy  of  the  pastor's 
address,  and  the  order  of  exercises  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone.  The 
church  was  completed  and  dedicated  March  23,  1876.  The  dedicatory  sermon 
was  preached  by  Rev.  J.  C.  Snow.  Rev.  Mr  Gage,  of  Lewiston,  Rev.  W.  E. 
Gibbs,  of  Portland,  and  Rev.  D.  T.  Stevens,  among  others,  taking  part  in  the 
exercises. 

The  church  is  cruciform  in  shape  and  of  Gothic  architecture,  with  transepts 
of  shallow  depth.  The  exterior  is  attractive,  the  lines  of  the  walls  broken  by 
buttresses  and  gables.  From  the  southeast  corner  rises  a  tower.  The  spire  is 
graceful  and  is  100  feet  high,  containing  a  Meneely  bell  weighing  1,600  pounds. 
The  roof  is  rich  in  gables  great  and  small,  in  prodigal  variety.  LTnder  the 
tower  is  a  drive-way  and  porch.  One  entrance  is  under  the  tower,  two  are  in 
the  main  front ;  and  one  to  the  vestry  and  corridors,  and  one  to  the  vestry, 
pulpit,  and  choir  are  on  the  south  side.  The  main  front  has  a  fine  rose  window 
of  stained  glass,  and  the  upper  part  of  both  transept  windows  are  also  of 
stained  glass.  There  are  nine  other  windows  on  each  side,  of  ground  and 
figured  white  glass.  The  interior  length  of  the  nave  is  111  feet,  the  extreme 
transverse  dimensions  75  feet,  width  of  nave  51  feet,  and  the  acoustic  prop- 
erties are  of  the  best.  The  vestibule  on  the  main  front  opens  into  a  corridor 
four  feet  below  its  level,  which  leads  to  a  vestrj^  of  27x75  feet,  library,  and 
other  rooms.  Broad  staircases  at  the  ends  of  this  vestibule  lead  up  to  the 
audience  room  vestibule,  which  opens  by  three  entrances  into  the  auditorium, 
which  has  a  seating  capacity  of  700.  Over  each  transept  is  a  gallery  seating 
66,  and  over  the  vestibule  is  a  gallery  seating  112.  The  transept  seats  and 
those  in  the  transept  galleries  flank  the  pulpit.     The  organ  is  16.5  feet  wide, 


City  of  Auburn.  661 


10.5  in  width,  and  22  feet  high,  has  4  pedal  movements,  32  stops,  1,667  pipes. 
It  is  back  of  the  pulpit  and  the  choir  is  in  a  gallery  to  the  right.  500,000  bricks, 
125,000  feet  of  rough  lumber,  and  25,000  feet  of  ash  lumber  were  used  in  this 
church  edifice,  which  cost  845,000.  The  impression  given  by  this  beautiful 
edifice  is  one  of  restful  and  harmonious  correspondence.  It  is  an  ornament  to 
the  city  and  a  fitting  shrine  of  worship. 

The  First  Univevsalist  Parish  held  their  first  annual  meeting  in  the  vestry 
of  the  Elm  Street  church,  January  1,  1877.  Ara  Cushman  was  elected 
moderator.  1878.  April  8,  Kev.  J.  C.  Snow  tendered  his  resignation,  which 
the  parish  refused  to  accept.  1879.  November  3,  Rev.  Mr  Snow  resigned. 
He  had  great  ability  as  a  gospel  preacher  and  was  a  faithful  pastor.  1880. 
January  5,  the  parish  extended  a  call  to  Rev.  George  W.  Perry,  which  was 
accepted;  Rev.  Mr  Perry  remained  until  1883.  At  this  time  there  was  a  debt 
of  $8,000  on  the  church  building,  and  after  a  partial  canvass  of  the  parish  by 
a  soliciting  committee,  the  trustees  decided  to  bring  the  matter  into  the  church, 
and  on  the  evening  of  April  30,  after  a  discourse  by  Rev.  C.  A.  Hayden,  $6,000 
was  raised.  A  unanimous  motion  was  carried  that  Rev.  Mr  Hayden  be  invited 
to  become  pastor;  it  was  then  announced  that  probably  his  services  could  be 
secured  if  the  whole  amount  could  be  raised,  and  at  the  close  of  the  meeting 
the  $8,000  was  pledged.  Mr  Hayden  became  pastor  and  has  continued  until  the 
present  time.  His  labors  have  met  with  grand  results,  and  the  church  is  in  a 
prosperous  condition. 

The  Sunday  School  was  organized  nearly  50  years  ago,  with  but  a  few 
members.  The  average  attendance  in  1890  was  225;  the  largest  number 
present  at  one  session  was  306.  There  are  28  teachers  and  7  officers.  The 
membership  has  increased  20  per  cent,  in  the  last  two  years.  Miss  Nancy  Hill 
has  had  the  management  of  the  primary  classes  for  over  20  years.  These 
number  over  75  pupils,  and  have  three  teachers.  Henry  C.  Packard  is  the 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school  and  has  served  for  11  years.  Helena  L. 
Packard  is  secretary  and  Ida  Ballard  treasurer.  The  superintendents  have 
been  I)r  Albert  Merrill,  Nathan  Briggs,  Ara  Cushman,  Edwin  Stevens,  Rev.  J. 
C.  Snow,  D.D.,  Rev.  C.  A.  Hayden,  Henry  C.  Packard.  The  library  has  over 
1,000  volumes. 

The  Elm  Street  lieaiUny  Association  has  been  maintained  with  lectures, 
reading,  and  study  classes  in  the  vestry.  In  connection  with  this  a  reading- 
room  and  library  has  been  open  to  the  public  every  afternoon  and  evening, 
which  has  been  of  great  intellectual  benefit.  About  70  periodicals  were  kept 
on  file  and  thousands  visited  it  annually.  It  is  now  consolidated  with  Auburn 
Public  Library. 

Universalist  Society  at  North  Auburn.  —  For  many  years  its  place  of  wor- 
ship was  on  the  hill,  now  West  Auburn.  It  had  settled  ministers,  good 
attendance   at  church,  and  a  church   organization.      As  a  large  part  of   the 


662  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


congregation  resided  at  North  Auburn,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  change  the 
place  of  worship,  and  in  1858  a  church  was  built  in  that  village  and  dedicated 
in  the  autumn.  The  pulpit  was  supplied  for  a  year  or  more,  then  Rev.  A. 
Hitchins  was  settled,  under  whose  ministry  the  society  and  church  prospered. 
He  was  an  earnest,  zealous  man.  Revs  H.  Blacker  and  D.  T.  Stevens  served 
as  pastors  for  some  time,  and  the  society  prospered.  At  the  close  of  the  war. 
Rev.  Zenas  Thompson  was  settled  as  pastor,  and  his  services  were  enjoyed  for 
several  years.  Rev.  H.  C.  Munson,  of  Turner  Centre,  supplied  this  pulpit  for 
a  series  of  years,  and  acted  as  pastor.  During  all  this  time  a  flourishing 
Sunday  school  was  sustained,  it  having  been  organized  when  the  society  wor- 
shiped on  the  Hill.  Rev.  Mr  Chaffee  was  the  last  settled  minister,  but  his 
labors  closed  after  a  year  or  two.  Meanwhile,  the  village  suffered  much  by 
removals  and  the  burning  of  the  shoe  factory,  and  the  consequent  decline  of 
enterprise  in  the  place.  Rev.  W.  R.  French  supplied,  but  prominent  mem- 
bers died  and  the  church  was  closed  for  a  few  years,  and  became  unsuitable 
for  use,  and  the  society  was  disheartened.  A  successful  effort  was  made  to 
raise  funds,  and  the  needed  repairs  were  completed  in  1890,  when  public 
services  were  held,  and  large  congregations  for  a  small  country  village  were 
in  attendance.  The  society  is  now  hopeful,  and  will  make  an  effort  to  sustain 
public  worship. 

Hujh  Street  Congreuatmial  Church.  —  This  church  was  organized  in  Lewiston 
at  the  North  Meeting-house  (Free  Baptists),  February  8,  1826,  as  the  Lew- 
iston Falls  Congregational  church,  with  seven  members :  Benjamin  Moore, 
Benjamin  Murray,  Josiah  Little,  Priscilla  Murray,  Mary  H.  Little,  Hannah 
Freeman,  and  Juditli  Jones,  of  Standish,  by  letter.  The  council  met  in  the 
morning  in  the  "old  Harris  house,"  in  Lewiston,  with  these  delegates:  From 
Portland  Second  church,  Rev.  Edward  Payson;  New  Gloucester,  Rev. 
Plummer  Chase  and  Thomas  B.  Little;  Otisfield,  Rev.  Josiah  G.  Merrill; 
Minot,  Rev.  Elijah  Jones  and  Chandler  Freeman;  Danville,  Laban  Loring; 
Poland,  Daniel  Waterman  and  Moses  Harris;  Turner,  Rev.  Allen  Greely  and 
Martin  Bradford.  Organized  by  choosing  Rev.  E.  Payson,  moderator;  Rev. 
Allen  Greely,  scribe.  Opening  prayer  by  James  P.  Richardson  ;  sermon  by 
Rev.  E.  Payson ;  organizing  prayer  by  Mr  Merrill ;  covenant  and  the  right- 
hand  of  fellowship  to  the  church  by  Rev.  P.  Chase;  the  Lord's  Supper 
administered  by  Rev.  E.  Payson  and  Rev.  E.  Jones.  January  5,  1828,  David 
R.  Loring  was  admitted  into  the  church.  January  5,  1829,  Edward  Little  and 
Benjamin  Mui'ray  were  requested  to  extend  an  invitation  the  second  time  to 
Rev.  Calvin  White  to  preach  as  a  candidate  for  settlement  over  this  and 
Danville  cliurches.  January  5,  1832,  Deacon  Josiah  Little  and  Nancy  Little, 
his  wife,  were  received  into  the  church  by  letter  from  Rev.  Elijah  Jones, 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  of  Minot.  Miss  Sarah  Little,  after 
examination,  was  also  received  into   church  membership.      November,  1832, 


City  of  Auburn.  661 


Rev.  Weston  B.  Adams  was  ordained  pastor.  Ecclesiastical  council :  From 
Augusta,  Rev.  Benjamin  Taj)pan,  Brother  William  A.  Brooks;  New  Glouces- 
ter, Rev.  Benjamin  Rice,  Deacon  Ebenezer  Collins;  Turner,  Rev.  Allen  Greely, 
Brother  John  Dresser ;  Brunswick,  Rev.  George  E.  Adams;  Danville,  Deacon 
Laban  Loring;  Pownal,  Deacon  Simeon  Jones;  Minot,  Rev.  Elijah  Jones, 
Deacon  Isaac  Allen.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Mr  Tappan,  text  Nehemiah  ix:36; 
charge  to  the  pastor,  by  Rev.  Mr  Thurston;  right-hand  of  fellowship,  by  Rev. 
Mr  Adams;  address  to  the  church  and  society,  Rev.  Mr  Rice;  concluding 
prayer  by  Rev.  Mr  Greely.  From  the  organization  of  the  church  until  1832, 
the  church  attended  public  worship.  After  the  settlement  of  Mr  Adams,  the 
missionary  society  contributed  -f  200  per  year  for  several  years,  to  aid  the  church 
in  the  support  of  a  minister,  his  salary  being  ^400  per  year.  January  4,  1833, 
Deacon  Laban. Loring  and  Mary,  his  wife,  were  received  into  full  communion 
by  letter  from  the  Danville  church.  Josiah  Little  was  elected  deacon.  The 
church  worshiped  in  Lewiston  and  Auburn  until  the  completion  of  the  first 
church  edifice  in  Auburn. 

November  14,  1833,  the  meeting-house  in  Auburn,  located  on  Main  street, 
near  Drummond,  was  dedicated.  Order  of  exercises  as  given  by  Andrew  R. 
Giddinge:  "1.  Acceptance  of  Bible,  in  two  vols,  presented  by  Rev.  Mr  Adams, 
pastor;  2.  Music;  3.  Prayer  by  Rev.  Mr  Greely,  of  Turner;  4.  An  Original 
dedicatory  hymn  ;  5.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Mr  Thurston  of  Winthrop;  6.  Music; 
7.  Address  by  Rev.  Mr  Jones  of  Minot;  8.  Prayer  by  Rev.  Mr.  Havves  of 
Topsham ;  0.  Music;  10.  Appointment  of  an  evening  service;  Music,  Dis- 
mission, Benediction."  Mr  Giddinge  also  gives  us  this  account  of  Thanks- 
giving exercises,  November  21:  "There  were  present  about  fifty  men,  women, 
and  children.  Mr  Adams  read  a  portion  of  Scripture,  and,  after  the  singino-, 
Squire  Little  made  a  prayer.  Another  psalm  was  sung  and  Josiah  Little, 
Esq.,  read  a  sermon  of  the  late  Dr  Payson.  Mr  Adams  made  the  concluding 
prayer,  150th  psalm  and  doxology  were  sung,  benediction,  and  we  parted  in 
peace."  The  First  Church  Choir  was  organized  by  Freeman  Newell  in  his 
tailor  shop,  situated  where  Pha'nix  Block  now  stands.  Harriet  Gould,  Sarah 
Little  (Mrs  Charles  Clark),  David  R.  Loring  and  wife  were  among  the  singers. 
Mr  Newell  led  the  choir  for  14  years ;  at  one  time,  while  leading  the  choir,  he 
played  the  base  viol  and  sang  tenor  at  the  same  time.  This  choir  was  a  very 
harmonious  one,  as  they  sang  for  love  and  not  for  money.  "Some  Sundays 
there  were  more  singers  in  the  gallery  than  the  minister  had  hearers  in  the 
pews  below."  The  First  On/an.  —  This  was  a  very  rickety  old  organ,  bought 
second-hand  in  Boston.  Miss  Marantha  Dunn  was  the  organist.  In  1838 
there  was  a  revival  in  Auburn  and  Lewiston,  and  August  31, 16  candidates  were 
propounded  for  admission  into  the  church.  November  21,  1838,  Rev.  Weston 
B.  Adams,  having  asked  for  a  dismissal  on  account  of  ill  health,  was  by  an 
ecclesiastical  council  discharged.     July  24,  1839,  Rev.  Horace  B.  Chapin  was 


664  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


installed  pastor,  and  died  October  28, 1840.  His  death  was  sincerely  lamented. 
October  11,  1842,  Rev.  James  Drummond'  was  installed  pastor  of  the  church. 
July  15,  1854,  31  jnembers  residents  of  Lewiston,  were  dismissed  from  the 
church  to  be  organized  into  a  church  in  Lewiston.  June  2,  1858,  Mr  Drum- 
mond,  having  asked  for  a  dismissal,  an  ecclesiastical  council  granted  his 
request. 

July  4,  1858,  31  persons  were  received  into  the  church  on  profession  of  faith. 
October  26,  1858,  Rev.  Aaron  C.  Adams  was  installed  pastor.  June  15,  1862, 
the  church  creed  and  covenant  were  revised.  July,  1862,  42  were  received  on 
profession  of  faith.  August,  26  were  received  into  the  church  on  profession 
of  faith.  April,  1867,  27  persons  were  received  on  profession  of  faith.  May, 
26  persons  were  received  into  the  church  on  profession  of  faith.  July,  7  persons 
were  received  on  profession  of  faith.  Under  the  pastorate  of  Mr  Adams  there 
were  revivals  in  1862  and  in  1867.  September  16,  1867,  Mr  Adams  resigned 
his  office  as  pastor.  The  ecclesiastical  council  met  November  5,  1867,  and 
dismissed  Mr  Adams,  although  his  labors  had  been  signally  blest  during  the 
previous  year,  and  there  was  no  suggestion  made  tliat  he  lacked  ability,  piety, 
or  good  moral  character.  January  23,  1868,  Rev.  Henry  L.  Hall  was  ordained 
pastor.  March  16,  1869,  Mr  Hall,  having  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health, 
was  dismissed.  He  was  a  man  of  enlarged  Christian  views,  very  assiduous  in 
his  ministerial  labors,  warm-hearted  in  social  intercourse,  and  his  sermons  gave 
evidence  of  a  sound,  discriminating,  and  well-disciplined  mind.  October  6, 
1869,  Rev.  George  Harris,  Jr,  was  ordained  pastor.  Mr  Harris,  two  years  later 
asked  for  a  dismission,  which  was  granted  January  15,  1872.  The  church  and 
congregation  were  well  satisfied  with  his  sermons.  Rev.  A.  B.  Tinker  was 
ordained  and  installed  pastor  October  16,  1873,  and  dismissed  December  20, 
1882.  He  was  much  beloved  by  the  people.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Henry 
C.  Westwood,  D.D.,  December  3, 1883,  who  remained  until  September  29,  1885. 
He  was  followed,  in  April,  1886,  by  Rev.  F.  S.  Root  as  acting  pastor.  He  re- 
signed in  October,  1891.  Mr  Root,  a  scholarly  man,  took  pride  in  the  progress 
of  the  church.  N.  I.  Jordan,  T.  E.  Eustis,  and  Henry  P.  Dorman  are  the  parish 
committee.  The  present  house  of  worship,  a  good  and  convenient  edifice, 
stands  on  High  street,  and  the  parish  that  built  it  is  known  by  the  name  of 
"High  Street  Congregational  Parish."      The  church  has  a  seating  capacity  of 

^Rev.  James  Di-ammond  was  born  at  Bristol,  in  April,  1815,  and  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  in  1836 
with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  He  was  the  leading  member  of  the  class  of  1841  of  Bangor 
Theological  Seminary.  In  1842  he  became  pastor  here,  and  continued  1(5  years.  While  here  he  was 
the  principal  editor  of  the  Maine  Evangelist  and  an  editorial  contributor  to  the  Lewiston  Journal.  In 
1858  he  removed  to  Springfield,  Mass.  He  died  November  29, 1861.  Dr  J.  G.  Holland  wrote  of  him: 
"  His  sermons  were  never  dry.  He  never  preached  one  without  a  reason  for  it.  His  sympathy  with 
the  people  in  all  their  pursuits,  in  their  innocent  pleasure  as  well  as  trials,  enabled  him  to  find  and 
hold  their  hearts.  Love  was  his  atmosphere.  He  gave  it  to  all — he  craved  it  from  all.  There  was 
no  man  so  bad  that  he  could  not  find  some  good  in  him;  there  was  no  life  so  evil  that  he  did  not  strive 
to  make  some  apology  for  it  in  temptation  and  circumstance." 


City  of  Auburn.  665 


800.  The  Sabbath  school  was  commenced  soon  after  the  church  was  organized, 
and  now  has  a  membership  of  about  300.  Edward  Little,  Esq.,  was  superin- 
tendent for  several  years  after  the  organization  of  the  school.  Since  about 
1800  the  superintendents  have  been  John  F.  Cobb  (Mr  Cobb  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church  over  42  years),  John  L.  Merrill,  J.  C.  Haskell,  Henry  W. 
Oakes,  H.  P.  Dorman,  and  W.  A.  Robinson.  Rev.  James  Heath,  the  church 
missionary,  is  doing  a  noble  work  in  holding  religious  services,  distributing 
books,  and  aiding  many  temporally  and  sjnritually. 

Sixth  Street  Congregational  Chureh  (New  Auburn). — ^In  January,  1874,  a 
Union  Sunday  school  was  organized  and  held  its  sessions  in  the  first  school 
building  on  Sixth  street.  This  was  the  nucleus  of  the  Sixth  Street  Congrega- 
tional Church.  The  present  chapel  was  completed  in  March,  1875.  Two  years 
ago  an  addition  of  a  vestry  was  made  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  society.  The 
church  was  organized  September  16,  1875,  with  these  persons:  David  Ripley 
Loring,  Sarah  Hayes  Loring,  Susan  Loring,  Isaac  Haskell,  Anna  Briggs 
Haskell,  Samuel  Parker  Merrill,  Ellen  Mary  Merrill,  Dorothy  Pettingill, 
Florence  Jose[)hine  Bolster,  Mary  Josephine  Bolster,  A.  M.  Pulsifer,  Hattie  C. 
Pulsifer,  Horatio  B.  Pulsifer,  Augusta  E.  Pulsifer,  Ella  Martha  Woodbury, 
Denancia  Amanda  Gilbert,  Hattie  Newall  Lane,  Josephine  Rivers,  Fannie 
Mennealy,  George  Shaw  Morse,  Martha  Anne  Morse,  Lauriston  Reynolds. 
Rev.  Lauriston  Reynolds  was  also  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry  and  became 
pastor.  He  remained  until  August  2,  1885.  His  successor  was  Rev.  L.  J. 
Thomas,  the  present  past(n",  who  commenced  his  labors  with  this  church 
September  20,  1885.  [He  was  born  at  Eagle  Hill,  Pa,  was  educated  at 
Wyoming  Seminary,  Kingston,  Pa,  Bangor  Seminary,  and  Yale  University. 
He  was  ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Castine, 
June  18,  1875,  and  afterwards  was  at  Reed  City,  Michigan.]  The  deacons  are 
William  Maloon  and  Samuel  Parker  Merrill.  Isaac  Haskell  (deceased)  was  a 
deacon.  The  number  of  church  members  at  present  is  159.  The  membership 
of  the  Sunday  scliool  is  157.  The  school  is  in  a  prosperous  condition  under 
the  efficient  management  of  Mr  B.  L.  Pitman,  its  superintendent.  The  books 
in  the  library  have  been  selected  with  great  care.  Sixth  Street  Church  affords 
an  admirable  illustration  of  Christian  unity  and  true  catholicity.  Among  its 
members  and  working  force  are  many  who  doubtless  would  affiliate  with 
churches  of  another  order  elsewhere,  who  here  work  heartily  together  for  the 
common  good. 

West  Auburn  Congregational  Church. — In  1805  a  meeting-house  was  erected 
at  Minot,  now  West  Auburn,  and  was  occupied  by  the  Congregationalists  until 
the  death  of  their  pastor,  Rev.  Jonathan  Scott,  October  19,  1819.  It  was  then 
used  by  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  and  Universalists.  The  Congregationalists 
bought  the  property,  and  in  1846  built  a  new  church  edifice  on  the  same  site. 
Previous  to  May  1,  1844,  this  territory  had  been  a  part  of  the  United  Congre- 


666  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

gational  Church  of  Minot,  but  on  that  date  the  West  Auburn  Congregational 
Church  was  formed  with  86  members.  The  first  pastor  was  Rev.  Thomas  G. 
Mitchell;  he  was  installed  in  November,  1846,  and  remained  until  January, 
1850.  In  September,  1851,  Rev.  Thomas  A.  Lord  became  pastor.  In  1852 
and  1853  the  membership  was  much  increased.  Mr  Lord  closed  his  labors  in 
1857,  and,  October,  1858,  accepted  a  second  call  from  the  church  and  society, 
and  was  duly  installed.  His  long  and  faithful  services  here  continued 
until  1872.  Rev.  Lewis  Goodrich  came  in  October,  1872,  and  he  also  was 
clerk.  In  1873, 15  members  were  added  by  letter.  In  1874  the  church  manual 
was  revised  by  a  committee  of  the  church;  this  year  there  were  three  addi- 
tional members.  Rev.  Mr  Goodrich  was  pastor  until  May  29,  1875.  Rev. 
Joseph  Cogswell  commenced  his  pastorate  here,  of  six  years,  October  31,  1875. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  John  S.  Bachelder  in  1882,  who  died  January  27, 
1884.  There  were  but  few  additions  to  the  membership  during  the  last 
decade.  In  1885  Rev.  Mr  Reynolds  and  others  held  a  series  of  meetings;  9 
persons  became  members.  From  1883  to  December,  1888,  the  pulpit  was 
supplied  by  Bates  College  professors,  and  Rev.  Mr  Woodrow,  who  preached  at 
stated  periods  in  1886  and  1887.  December,  1888,  Rev.  Leander  P.  Gurney, 
commenced  his  ministerial  services.  West  Auburn  being  to  a  certain  extent  a 
summer  resort,  the  congregations  are  much  larger  during  the  summer.  The 
chief  cause  of  the  decline  in  the  prosperity  of  this  church  was  the  removal  of 
business  to  Auburn.  In  1889  the  church  building  was  extensively  repaired, 
and  there  is  now  a  very  inviting  audience  room.  In  1890  the  vestry  was 
repaired  and  beautified,  furnished,  and  a  fine  reed  organ  put  in.  The  Sunday 
school  has  about  30  pupils.  S.  N.  Grose  is  superintendent.  He  has  been 
church  clerk  for  five  years  and  contributed  the  data  for  this  sketch. 

Court  Street  Bapfiat  Church.  —  In  the  spring  of  1859  the  brethren  of  the 
Lewiston  Falls  Baptist  Cliurch  and  others  residing  on  the  west  side  of  the  river 
in  Auburn,  believing  "that  it  would  be  for  the  interest  of  the  Baptist  cause, 
and  also  the  promotion  of  Christ's  kingdom  in  the  Avorld,"  conceived  the  idea 
of  forming  a  Baptist  church  in  Auburn,  and  a  meeting  of  the  church  was  called 
and  a  committee  chosen  to  call  a  council.  The  council  met  the  last  of  July, 
and  expressed  their  approval.  A  lot  was  purchased  on  Spring  street,  and  a 
chapel  capable  of  seating  300  persons  was  built  during  the  winter  at  an  expense 
of  11,300,  and  dedicated  April  6,  1860.  March  24,  1860,  voted  unanimously 
to  give  Brother  Nathaniel  Butler  a  call  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  and 
society  when  formed.  The  call  was  most  cordially  accepted.  June  14,  1860, 
an  ecclesiastical  council  met  for  the  organization  of  a  church,  to  be  known  as 
the  Spring  Street  Baptist  Church.  Deacon  Elijah  Barrell  was  chosen  moderator, 
and  Rev.  A.  H.  Gould,  of  East  Auburn,  clerk.  The  council  was  composed  of 
Rev.  William  H.  Shaler,  Rev.  G.  W.  Bosworth,  and  G.  F.  Emery,  Esq.,  of 
Portland;    Rev.   N.    M.    Wood,  Rev.  J.   Colder,   R.  E.  Madison,  and    D.  T. 


City  of  Aubuen.  667 


French,  of  Lewiston ;  Rev.  L,  S.  Tripp  and  G.  Wright,  of  Sabattus ;  Rev.  A. 
H.  (touUI,  Deacon  G.  H.  Woodman,  and  J.  Nash,  of  East  Auburn;  Deacon 
William  Dingley,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  and  J.  Miller,  of  Durham  ;  Deacon  Elijah 
Barrell,  of  Greene.  After  the  proceedings  relative  to  the  forming  of  the 
church  and  the  calling  of  the  council  wei'e  read,  it  was  "voted  that  we 
recognize  these  Brethren  and  Sisters  as  a  Church  of  Christ."  Rev.  N.  M. 
Wood  preached  the  sermon,  Rev.  G.  W.  Bosworth  offered  the  prayer  of 
recognition.  Rev.  William  H.  Shaler  gave  the  charge,  and  Rev.  Dr  Knox 
presented  the  right-hand  of  fellowship.  Rev.  Nathaniel  Butler  was  chosen 
moderator;  I,  B.  Kimball,  clerk;  Thomas  Deering,  treasurer;  and  Henry 
Bangs,  deacon. 

OrUjinal  l/em6e7-.<t.  —  Nathaniel  Butler,  Jemiette  Butler,  I.  B.  Kimball,  Calvin  Record,  H.  R.  Smith, 
Levi  Gould,  William  Jordan,  E.  G.  Coffin,  Emma  Coffin,  Abbie  P.  Coffin,  Susanna  Coffin,  Abigail  J. 
Norton,  Henry  Bangs,  Lovina  Bangs,  John  Hicks,  Elizabeth  B.  Smith,  Elizabeth  P.  Smitb,  Abbie 
Kimball,  Thomas  J.  Daws,  Mary  Daws,  Minerva  C.  Dingley,  L.  E.  Hicks,  M.  L.  Record,  M.  J.  Jordan, 
Lovina  Merritt,  Sarah  A.  Morse,  Ada  M.  Morse,  Adelia  S.  Morse,  Lydia  A.  Gould,  Amelia  C.  Gould, 
Hannah  E.  McKenney,  Ruth  P.  McKenney,  Olive  J.  Vickery,  Philip  A.  Briggs,  Rossie  E.  Phillips, 
Mary  Varney,  D.  W.  Wiggin,  Abraham  Libby,  Lavinia  Libby,  William  H.  Lambert,  V.  A.  Stetson, 
Thomas  Storah,  Marietta  Storah,  Emma  J.  Libby,  Susan  G.  Stackpole,  Thomas  Deering,  Lucy  Cham- 
berlin,  Mary  E.  Harlow,  William  H.  Wiggin,  Caroline  A.  Jordan,  Faustina  Harris,  Margaret  C. 
Deering,  Betsey  Wiggin,  Lucinda  E.  Wiggin,  F.  M.  Jordan,  Bethena  Jordan,  Ichabod  Reynolds,  Laura 
A.  Reynolds. 

The  first  baptism  occurred  Sundajs  June  30,  1861.  The  church  member- 
ship was  gradually  increased  by  letter  and  baptism  until  1862,  when  a  gracious 
revival  resulted  in  the  addition  of  many  members,  and  a  decided  amount  of 
strength  to  the  church.  May  10,  1863,  Mr  Butler  resigned.  His  resignation 
was  accepted  with  regret  for  the  loss  of  an  able  and  efficient  pastor.  December 
1,  Harris  Smith  Inman  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  and  settled  here  as  pastor. 
Mr  Innuxn  resigned  January  1,  1866.  Rev.  G.  P.  Mathews,  of  Bath,  succeeded 
him,  March  21,  1866,  and  it  was  voted  to  make  the  pastor's  salary  J|1,000.  81 
members  were  received  during  this  year,  and  Dr  J.  W.  Beede,  who  was  chosen 
to  write  the  letter  to  the  Baptist  Association,  reported  encouraging  progress. 

June  4,  1867,  D.  T.  French  and  William  Randall  were  chosen  deacons. 
July  23,  1867,  voted  to  license  Brother  Moses  C.  Hanscom  to  preach  the 
Gospel,  after  listening  to  his  exercise,  and  call  him  to  the  Christian  ministry, 
as  it  was  very  evident  that  God  was  calling  him  to  labor  in  his  vineyard.  The 
annual  meeting  of  the  Baptist  Association  was  held  with  this  church  in  1867. 
August  1,  1868,  H.  R.  Smith  and  D.  T.  French  were  chosen  deacons.  June  5, 
1870,  voted  to  expend  the  money  in  the  treasury  towards  furnishing  a  baptistery. 
Rev.  Mr  Mathews  resigned  in  April,  1875.  His  pastorate  was  a  prosperous 
one,  and  the  church  membership  was  greatly  increased.  Rev.  W.  A.  Depew 
succeeded  Mr  Mathews  in  November,  1875,  and  resigned  November  20,  1876, 
and  a  unanimous  invitation  was  extended  to  Rev.  Francis  W.  Bakeman,  of 
Peabody,  Mass.,  to  become  pastor,  which  was  accepted,  and  he  was  installed 


668  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

January  3,  1870.  His  labors  met  with  marked  results;  82  members  were 
received  by  baptism,  and  42  by  letter,  during  his  pastorate.  April  20,  1884, 
Mr  Bakeinan  resigned  his  pastorate,  and  December  24,  Rev.  Edwin  C.  Whitte- 
more  entered  upon  his  pastoral  duties.  Rev.  Charles  A.  Towne  succeeded  Mr 
Whittemore  in  1890.  Silas  Sprague  is  church  clerk.  The  Sabbath  school  is 
in  a  prosperous  condition.     Nathaniel  Melcher  is  superintendent. 

Present  Church  Building.  —  In  the  spring  of  1867  the  rapid  increase  of  the 
church  and  parish  imperatively  demanded  a  larger  house  of  worship.  February 
4, 1868,  the  lot  on  Court  street,  just  west  of  the  court  house,  was  purchased  for 
$4,000.  H.  R.  Smith,  D.  T.  French,  and  F.  M.  Jordan  were  the  building  com- 
mittee, and  May,  1869,  ground  was  broken  for  the  erection  of  the  new  building. 
In  January,  1869,  the  old  chapel  was  sold,  and  the  society  commenced  worship 
in  the  vestry  of  the  new  house.  August  25,  1870,  the  new  building  was 
dedicated.  Occupying  a  commanding  site,  built  of  brick  with  brown  stone 
trimmings,  its  exterior  walls  95^x72  feet  and  43  feet  in  height,  the  whole 
crowned  by  a  lofty  spire,  the  edifice  presents  an  imposing  appearance,  corre- 
sponding with  its  elegant  interior.  The  vestry  is  37x60  feet,  from  which  open 
several  smaller  rooms.  The  audience  room  is  68x60  feet,  and  capable  of 
seating  800  persons.     The  building  cost  over  |i40,000. 

llie  Baptist  Cliurch  of  3Iinot  was  organized  February  17, 1807,  at  the  house 
of  Deacon  James  Perkins,  by  delegates  from  New  Gloucester,  Hebron,  Buck- 
field,  and  Sumner,  with  these  members:  James  Perkins,  Amos  Harris,  John 
Woodman,  Samuel  Swett,  Alpheus  Drake,  Thomas  Records,  Betsey  Perkins, 
Isabella  Harris,  Lydia  Millett,  Sally  Webster.  This  is  now  the  East  Auburn 
Baptist  Church.  A  church  building  existed  "on  the  east  side  of  the  pond"  as 
early  as  1827.  In  1849  a  meeting-house  was  built  and  dedicated,  which  cost 
1*1,300.  In  1868  the  record  says  "our  meeting-house  was  on  fire  and  too  far 
advanced  to  save  the  house  or  furniture."  A  new  one  was  soon  erected  and  a 
church  organization  has  been  maintained  till  the  present.  Elder  George  Ricker 
became  pastor  in  February,  1811.  In  1824  eight  members  were  dismissed  to 
join  the  Baptist  church  in  Turner.  In  1825  a  revival  occurred,  12  joining  the 
church.  In  1839  conference  was  had  with  Elder  Smith.  In  1840  Noah  Hooper 
became  pastor.  In  1843  Elder  Joseph  Hutchinson  was  employed  at  |2  per 
Sabbath.  In  1844  Elder  Ricker  became  pastor,  with  Joseph  Hutchinson  as 
colleague.  May  16, 1850,  Hiram  C.  Estes  was  ordained  pastor,  he  to  have  1400 
per  year.  He  was  dismissed  September  24,  1852,  on  account  of  ill  health,  and 
February  11, 1853,  A.  J.  Nelson  was  settled  and  preached  till  October  15,  1855. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Gould  became  pastor  October  4,  1856.  November  5,  1860,  he  was 
dismissed  with  regrets.  Rev.  A.  Snider  came  October  5, 1861.  Deacon  Daniel 
Briggs,  who  left  the  church  quite  a  legacy,  died  October  29,  1862.  In  1865 
Rev.  N.  Whittemore  was  pastor.  He  was  dismissed  November  3, 1866.  Hiram 
Woodman   died  October  5,  1865.     Rev.  C.  A.  Cooke   commenced  preaching 


City  of  Auburn.  669 


half  the  time  January  1,  1868.  He  was  succeeded  in  June,  1871,  by  Rev.  N.  C. 
Everett;  and  he  in  August,  1873,  by  Rev.  A.  J.  Nelson.  In  June,  1876,  came 
Rev.  A.  A.  Ford,  who  remained  till  1879,  when,  in  June,  Edward  S.  Ufford 
was  ordained  pastor  and  served  until  October,  1881. 

May  7,  1880,  Mrs  Julia  Woodman,  Mrs  Ann  M.  Townsend,  and  Mrs  Emily 
Allen  were  chosen  deaconesses.  March  1-1,  1880,  died  Deacon  Greenleaf  H. 
Woodman,  one  of  the  venerated  pillars  of  the  church.  Rev.  Andrew  Hopper 
came  in  June,  1885.  His  health  failing,  he  was  given  leave  of  absence  in 
December,  went  to  Florida,  where  he  died  April  12,  1886.  Rev.  James  Heath 
preached  one  year,  commencing  in  September,  1886.  Rev.  H.  B.  Marshall 
preached  from  November  8,  1888,  to  March  30,  1890.  Rev.  F.  H.  Gile  began 
preaching  April  13,  1890.  W.  C.  Allen  has  been  the  efficient  church  clerk 
since  1885.  It  is  said  that  Mrs  Joana  (Glover)  Bird,  wife  of  Captain  Aaron 
Bird,  presented  a  communion  service  to  this  church  which  is  yet  in  use. 

Court  Street  Free  Baptist  Cltureh}  —  A  call  was  issued  and  a  warrant  pro- 
cured and  signers  obtained  to  hold  a  meeting  April  25,  1859,  to  complete  the 
organization  of  a  Free  Baptist  meeting  in  Auburn.  The  following  names 
were  on  the  call:  H.  G.  Garcelon,  T.  H.  Longley,  William  Libby,  I.  C.  Lom- 
bard, David  E.  Carle,  Joseph  Littlefield,  Rufus  Penley,  Allen  Pompilly,  F.  T. 
Howard,  F.  H.  Nickerson,  D.  H.  Rendall,  J.  W.  Pompilly,  W.  R.  Folsom,  W. 
H.  Small,  Joseph  W.  Perkins,  Henry  McKenney,  Thomas  N.  Mabury,  Jesse 
Hayes,  Paul  Curtis,  John  Smith,  Jr,  J.  F.  Adams.  The  meeting  was  organ- 
ized by  electing  H.  G.  Garcelon,  chairman,  and  F.  H.  Nickerson,  clerk.  A 
code  of  by-laws  had  been  prepared,  which  were  adopted  and  signed  by  the 
above-named  persons.  Meetings  were  then  commenced  in  Auburn  Hall,  Rev. 
O.  B.  Cheney  preaching  on  Sundays.  The  meetings  were  a  success  from  the 
start.  A  Sabbath  school  was  organized  and  H.  G.  Garcelon  was  chosen  super- 
intendent. Application  was  made  to  Bowdoin  Quarterly  Meeting  for  a 
council  to  organize  a  church.  The  following  brethren  were  sent  for  that 
purpose:  Revs  O.  B.  Cheney,  Gideon  Perkins,  S.  W.  Gould,  Bros  S.  N.  Tufts 
and  A.  M.  Jones.  The  meeting  was  held  in  Auburn  Hall,  August  14, 1859,  and 
the  church  was  organized  under  the  name  of  The  Second  Free-Will  Baptist 
Church,  Lewiston  Falls.  These  persons  united  with  it,  I.  C.  Lombard,  William 
Libby,  Aaron  Chamberlin,  H.  G.  Garcelon,  Daniel  Grover,  David  E.  Carle, 
Joseph  W.  Perkins,  Charlotte  Ramsdell,  Mary  Hayes,  Mary  A.  Conant,  S.  E. 
Perkins,  Abbie  G.  Hackett,  Lucy  B.  Merrill,  Enoch  Penley,  John  Smith,  Jr, 
Rev.  E.  T.  Fogg,  Ruth  Smith,  Louisa  Goss,  Rosalina  S.  Fogg,  Eliza  H.  Cum- 
niings.  I.  C.  Lombard  was  elected  clerk  and  treasurer ;  William  Libby  and 
Allen  Pompilly,  deacons.  The  first  pastor  was  Bro.  S.  N.  Tufts.  He  was 
ordained  and    installed  October  20,  1859.     The  leading  ones  were  intensely 

iBv  H.  G.  Garcelon. 


670  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


in  earnest;  prayer-meetings  were  held  at  private  houses,  and  well  attended; 
a  growing  interest  was  manifested,  and  the  utmost  harmony  prevailed.  The 
matter  of  having  a  church  building  was  now  one  of  great  interest,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1860  a  part  of  the  lot  where  the  church  now  stands  was  purchased, 
and  a  chapel,  50x32  feet,  was  commenced  and  completed,  and  dedicated  in 
January,  1861,  and  the  name  of  the  society  and  church  changed  to  Court 
Street  Free  Baptist  Society.  The  cost  of  the  church  building  and  furnishing 
was  $2,000.  John  W.  Perkins  and  Mrs  Lydia  Howard,  although  not  mem- 
bers, each  gave  -flOO  towards  its  erection.  Tlie  church  now  had  a  home, 
excellent  meetings,  and  united  in  the  work  for  the  Master. 

Bro.  Tufts  closed  his  labors  in  January,  1863,  having  added  65  to  its 
membership.  He  was  an  able  and  devoted  minister.  Rev.  A.  K,  Moulton 
commenced  as  pastor  in  June,  1863,  and  rendered  good  service,  added  50  to 
the  membership,  and  closed  his  labors  here  in  March,  1867.  An  invitation  was 
extended  to  A.  H.  Heath,  then  in  Bates  College,  to  become  pastor,  which  was 
accepted,  to  commence  in  Januar}^  1868.  Kev.  C.  E.  P>lake  was  engaged  to 
supply,  and  was  much  liked  ;  24  were  taken  into  the  church  during  his  supply. 
The  attendance  gained  so  much  the  church  building  was  raised  and  enlarged, 
and  a  vestry  put  in,  at  an  expense  of  i4,000.  It  was  re-dedicated  in  January, 
1868,  when  Mr  Heath  was  ordained  and  installed  pastor.  He  remained  with 
the  church  until  July,  1870,  when  he  resigned.  During  his  pastorate  60  came 
into  the  church.  Rev.  E.  N.  Fernald  commenced  a  pastorate  of  three  years 
in  October,  1870.  October,  1873,  in  consequence  of  an  injury  on  the  cars, 
he  resigned.  He  raised  |3,300  to  pay  the  debt  of  the  society,  and  added  34  to 
the  church.  C.  E.  Frost,  a  Bates  theological  student,  then  supplied.  He  was 
assisted  occasionally  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Marriner,  who  was  installed  pastor,  April, 
1875,  and  the  16th  of  May,  55  were  received  into  the  church,  mostly  by 
baptism.  These  conversions  were  the  result  of  Messrs  Frost's  and  Marriner's 
labors.  The  attendance  continued  to  increase  under  Mr  Marriner's  ministra- 
tion, and  it  was  decided  to  remove  the  old  building,  secure  an  addition  to  the 
lot,  and  commence  the  erection  of  the  present  church  edifice.  Plans  were 
made  by  Messrs  Stevens  and  Coombs;  the  foundation  laid  by  Mr  B.  H.  Joslin. 
The  contract  for  the  building  was  taken  by  Messrs  Dinsmore  &  Greenleaf,  for 
110,000.  The  work  was  commenced  July  14,  1877,  and  completed  in  April 
1878.  The  size  of  the  house  is  113x57  feet,  the  steeple  165  feet  high  :  there 
are  126  pews  in  the  body  of  the  house,  and  37  in  the  gallery,  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  800.  It  has  a  fine  organ  costing  $2,750 ;  a  bell  weighing  about 
1,700  lbs,  costing  .|!600,  paid  for  by  subscriptions  obtained  by  Bro.  Marriner. 
The  cost  of  the  church  and  furnishings,  exclusive  of  the  lot,  was  |!l8,000. 
The  lot  is  a  large  one,  and  is  finely  located.  Mr  Marriner  closed  his  success- 
ful labors  in  August,  1880.  Rev.  C.  E.  Blake  supplied  until  December,  1880, 
when  Rev.  J.  J.  Hall  commenced  as  pastor.     He  remained  until  March,  1886. 


City  of  Auburn.  671 


147  members  were  added  to  the  church,  and  the  society  debt  was  greatly 
reduced  during  his  sta3^  The  college  professors  supplied  mostl}^  until  Rev. 
Thomas  H.  Stacy  commenced  his  labors  in  July,  1886.  At  this  writing,  1891, 
he  is  still  the  pastor.  87  have  been  added  to  the  church  under  his  teachings. 
The  whole  number  of  members  since  its  commencement  is  676.  Some  of  the 
members  who  have  gone  to  their  rewards  have  made  donations  in  their  wills  to 
the  society.  The  wife  of  Hon.  James  Dingley  gave  $1,000;  William  Haskell, 
1400  ;  Mrs  Rev.  John  Chaney  and  Joseph  Hutchinson  also  remembered  the 
society.  The  present  church  membership  is  some  over  400.  This  church  has 
always  maintained  a  good  Sabbath  school,  and  large  numbers  of  the  church 
members  have  been  and  still  are  connected  with  it.  The  present  average 
attendance  is  about  200;  L.  G.  Lord,  superintendent;  H.  G.  Garcelon, 
secretary. 

MetliodiHt  Episcopal  ChurcJi.  —  Prior  to  1845  Rev.  Thomas  Greenhalgh,  a 
man  of  great  natural  ability  and  spiritual  fervor,  preached  a  few  times  at 
Lewiston  Falls  while  he  was  pastor  of  the  Poland  circuit.  [See  page  363.] 
In  1846  W.  L.  Davis,  who  married  Ann,  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr  Greenhalgh, 
moved  to  Lewiston  and  became  leader  of  the  first  permanent  class.  Besides 
himself  and  wife  the  members  were :  Stephen  Blethen,  George  W.  and  Thomas  J. 
Foss,  William  and  Ursula  Coleman,  Charles  L.  Oliver,  William  Staples,  Hannah 
Furbish,  Mary  Herrick.  Mr  Davis  soon  came  to  Auburn  and  tlie  class-meetinw 
followed  him,  convening  at  his  house.  Among  the  prominent  early  members 
were:  "Mother  Foss,"  VV.  L.  Davis  and  wife,  David  Leavitt  and  wife,  Reuben 
Ingalls  and  wife,  John  Stimpson  and  wife,  Charles  Kyle,  John  Covell,  Samuel 
Hicks,  and  others.  Auburn  became  a  separate  charge  in  1861,  with  Rev; 
Joseph  L.  Morse,  pastor.  The  class  then  had  30  members,  and  meetings  were 
held  in  the  old  Congregational  church.  Rev.  John  Collins  was  the  next 
pastor,  and,  in  1863,  Rev.  Parker  Jaques  was  a[)pointed.  He  was  a  very 
interesting  preacher.  During  his  pastorate  the  society  worshiped  in  Auburn 
Hall.  In  1864  Rev.  John  C.  Perry  was  pastor.  He  was  a  good  preacher  and 
pastor.  Part  of  the  time  of  his  stay  Armory  Hall  was  the  jilace  of  meeting, 
but  during  his  pastorate  a  church  was  completed  on  Hampshire  street.  Rev. 
C.  F.  Allen  preached  the  dedication  sermon.  Other  denominations  built  more 
elegant  churches  in  more  favorable  locations,  and  took  higher  positions  in  the 
community.  Some  prominent  families  joined  other  societies,  and  this  little 
church,  though  blessed  with  a  succession  of  able  pastors  and  frequent  revivals, 
was  for  many  years  a  feeder  of  other  churches.  The  pastors  from  1864  were: 
1865,  R.  J.  Ayer;  1866,  C.  C.  Cone;  1867,  W.  N.  Richardson;  1868-9,  D.  B. 
Randall;  1870,  David  Church;  1871,  J.  R.  Day;  1872,  F.  Grovenor ;  1873, 
E.  Martin  ;  1874,  Z.  H.  Zimn^erman,  first,  and  later,  G.  D.  Lindsay,  who  was 
continued  in  1875-6-7;  1878,  J.  F.  Hutchings  ;  1879-80,  W.  S.  Jones;  1881-82, 


672  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Thomas  Tyrie ;  1883,  I.  G.  Spiague,  Stephen  Allen,  D.D. ;  1884-5-6,  G.  D. 
Lindsay;    1887-8-9,  A.  S.  Lacld ;  ^    1890,  H.  Hewitt;    1891,  F.  C.  Rogers. 

During  the  pastorate  of  D.  B.  Randall  a  vestry  was  built  and  other 
improvements  made.  A  double  house  was  built  on  the  church  lot;  one  for 
parsonage,  the  other  for  rent.  During  Mr  Martin's  stay  the  church  was 
greatly  encouraged.  Mr  Lindsay's  first  pastorate  proved  a  great  blessing. 
His  executive  ability  and  pastoral  efficiency  brought  the  society  up  to  a  good 
degree  of  prosperity,  and  quite  a  large  number  were  converted.  Mr  Jones 
did  good  service.  While  he  was  here  the  church  debt  was  nearly  cancelled. 
Rev.  Thomas  Tyrie  was  an  able  preacher  and  extremely  popular,  but  he 
supposed  that  it  was  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  long  struggle  would 
end  by  the  withdrawal  of  Methodism  from  this  territor}^  and  advised  members 
to  join  other  churches.  Some  took  his  advice,  but  a  small  number  did  not  so 
interpret  the  leading  of  Providence,  and  when  Mr  Sprague  took  charge,  with 
indomitable  courage,  mighty  faith,  and  great  zeal,  the  little  band  gathered 
around  him.  He  bought  an  excellent  church  site  on  High  street,  and  began 
to  plan  for  a  new  edifice.  B.  F.  Teague,  Mark  Morse,  and  George  P.  Martin 
were  made  a  building  committee.  Mr  Sprague's  courage,  zeal,  and  ardent 
piety  won  the  admiration  of  the  community,  and  many  gave  practical  sympathy 
and  substantial  aid.  The  old  church  property  was  sold,  and  Mr  Sprague  gave 
half  his  salary  to  the  new  building,  but  in  the  midst  of  his  labors  he  was 
prostrated  by  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs.  This  was  a  heavy  blow  to  the  society. 
However,  Rev.  Stephen  Allen,  D.D.,  was  sent  as  sup{)ly.  He  was  a  careful 
and  prudent  business  man,  and  liis  management  in  this  crucial  year  was 
admirable.  At  the  solicitation  of  the  society.  Rev.  G.  D.  Lindsay  was  again 
appointed,  and  the  church  was  completed,  and  dedicated  by  Bishop  Foster, 
October  27,  1884.  J.  W.  Hamilton,  D.D.,  of  Boston,  also  preached,  and 
managed  the  financial  work  with  characteristic  skill.  It  was  a  day  of  great 
rejoicing  for  Auburn  Methodists. 

The  church,  valued  at  |18,000,  is  of  Gothic  architecture,  with  the  pews  and 
inside  finish  of  hard  wood.  It  is  finely  frescoed,  upholstered,  and  supplied  with  a 
good  pipe  organ.  The  auditorium  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  country, 
with  a  seating  capacity  of  600.  There  are  two  memorial  windows ;  one  for  Mother 
Foss,  the  other  for  Mrs  Hill.  The  other  windows  are  stained  glass  of  artistic 
design.  There  is  a  large  vestry,  two  small  ones,  and  a  kitchen.  During  Mr 
Lindsay's   pastorate   the  debt  was  reduced    to    |3,000,  and    the    membership 

1  Rev.  A.  S.  Ladd  was  born  in  Phillips,  June  17,  ISoS.  In  addition  to  district-school  education  he 
received  private  instruction  in  Latin,  Greek,  etc.  He  became  a  Methodist  when  but  18,  and  in  1860 
joined  Maine  Conference.  AmonR  his  pastorates  have  been,  East  Wilton  and  Temple,  Strong,  New 
Sharon,  Kent's  Hill,  Waterville,  Biddeford  (twice),  Bath  (twice),  Portland,  Lewiston,  Bangor,  Auburn, 
and  Gardiner.  He  is  an  efficient  preacher,  a  faithful  pastor,  a  prominent  platform  speaker,  and  a 
popular  temperance  lecturer.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  for  several  years, 
and  twice  a  member  of  the  General  Conference.  Colby  University  gave  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M. 


City  of  Auburn.  673 


increased.  In  Mr  Ladd's  first  year  the  finest  parsonage  in  the  Conference  was 
built  adjoining  the  church.  B.  F.  Teague,  Hillman  Smith,  and  G.  P.  Martin 
were  its  building  committee.  The  style  is  a  modified  Queen  Anne,  and  the 
property  is  valued  at  -f4,000.  The  "  liouse-warming  "  occurred  May  10,  1888. 
The  Ladies'  Circle  has  tastefully  furnished  it.  This  church  is  now  one  of  the 
most  desirable  appointments  of  the  Conference.  Its  membership  is  200,  and 
it  has  a  flourishing  Sunday  school  of  175  attendants,  under  the  superintendence 
of  C.  W.  Hill.  Connected  with  the  society  is  an  organization  of  King's 
Daughters,  and  a  chapter  of  the  Epworth  League,  both  organized  during  Mr 
Ladd's  pastorate. 

North  Auburn  Methodist  Church}  —  North  Auburn,  previous  to  1854,  had 
no  stated  preaching  of  the  gospel.  Occasionally  the  pastors  of  the  Congrega- 
tionalist  and  Universalist  churches  at  West  Auburn  preached  in  the  school- 
house  in  the  village.  The  people  who  attended  church  went  to  West  Auburn. 
The  Christian  people  of  the  place  made  the  religious  and  moral  situation  a 
subject  of  earnest  prayer,  and  kept  up  the  agitation  for  the  stated  ministrations 
of  the  Gos})el  until  June,  1855,  when  Rev.  Gideon  Perkins,  a  Free  Baptist 
clerg3-man,  of  Lewiston,  was  engaged  to  preach  in  the  school-house  one-half  of 
the  time  for  six  months.  A  Sunday  school  was  organized,  with  Thomas  J. 
Bonney  for  superintendent,  and  a  union  class  was  formed  which  met  weekly  at 
the  house  of  Mr  Bonney  for  social  worship.  Late  in  the  autumn  Rev.  Ezekiel 
Martin,  of  North  Turnei',  a  Methodist  local  preacher,  was  invited  to  come  and 
minister  to  this  people.  He  preached  one-half  of  the  time  until  the  spring 
of  1856,  at  which  time  he  was  admitted  to  the  Maine  Conference,  and 
appointed  to  this  germ  of  a  church.  He  organized  a  church  under  the 
discipline  of  the  M.  E.  church,  consisting  of  five  members:  Beniah  Niles  and 
wife  Samantha,  Lysander  Ricker  and  wife  Caroline,  and  Mrs  Mary  Bailey. 
Mr  Martin  was  very  successful  in  his  work  and  greatly  strengthened  and 
encouraged  the  church,  proving  himself  the  right  man  in  the  right  place.  In 
the  spring  of  1857  Rev.  W.  A.  Steward  was  appointed  preacher  in  charge;  an 
extensive  revival  prevailed  during  that  year  and  many  were  added  to  the 
church.  He  was  re-appointed  for  1858  and  in  addition  to  his  pastoral  work 
superintended  the  erection  of  the  present  church  edifice,  which  was  dedicated 
December  9,  1858,  Rev.  George  Webber,  D.D.,  preaching  the  sermon.  Kins- 
man Atkinson  was  appointed  for  1859.  Through  his  efforts  a  nice  organ  was 
purchased,  which  is  still  in  use.  The  society  has  been  favored  with  constant 
preaching  and  pastoral  service  by  these  ministers:  S.  V.  Gerry,  1860;  D.  B. 
Holt,  1861,  1862,  1863;  E.  K.  Colby,  1864,  1865;  G.  W.  Ballon,  1866,  1867, 
1868;  W.  Strout,  1869;  T.  Hillman,  1870;  T.  J.  True,  1871,  1872;  D.  Perry, 
1873;  A.  Hatch,  1874;  L  G.  Sprague,  1875,  1876;  F.  Grovenor,  1877;  L.  B. 
Green,    1878,   1879;    John    Gibson,    1880,    1881;     W.   B.   Bartlett,   1882;    J. 

1  By  E.  P.  Crafts. 


674  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Moulton,  1883,  1884,  1885;  VV.  F.  Beriy,  1886,  1887;  G.  G.  Powers,  1888, 
1889;  F.  W.  Snell,  1890.  Extensive  revivals  prevailed  under  the  pastorates 
of  Ballou,  Sprague,  and  Grovenor.  In  1878  between  30  and  40  members  were 
dismissed  and  were  organized  into  the  M.  E.  Church  of  Turner.  The  society 
suffered  a  heavy  loss  in  membership  by  the  removal  of  the  shoe  business  to 
Auburn.  Beniah  Mies,  S.  B.  Skillings,  E.  P.  Crafts,  O.  W.  Bailey,  S.  Curtis, 
T.  B.  Verrill,  and  S.  Hicks  have  served  as  class-leaders.  The  Sunday  school 
has  been  a  constant  and  increasing  help  in  maintaining  the  means  of  grace. 
Daniel  Cofifin,  J.  E.  Ashe,  D.  H.  Meserve,  B.  H.  Howard,  R.  B.  Howe,  and  E. 
P.  Crafts  have  served  as  superintendents. 

Church  of  the  Heavenly  Best  {Ujnscopal). — This  parish  was  organized 
June  19, 1890,  with  Charles  Bartlett  as  warden  ;  William  Crawshaw,  treasurer; 
Albert  Duckworth,  clerk.  The  parish  hall  was  commenced  in  October,  1890, 
and  used  for  service  on  the  following  Christmas  day.  The  building  is  28  by  60 
feet,  13  feet  posts,  has  a  seating  capacity  of  200,  and  cost  about  -12,000.  The 
lot  is  sufficiently  large  for  a  church  and  chapel,  and  is  one  of  the  pleasantest 
located  church  lots  in  the  city.  There  are  now,  February,  1891,  about  100 
communicants  connected  with  the  parish,  and  this  society  will  undoubtedly 
have  a  prosperous  future. 

The  Auhiirn  Yoioir/  Mens  Christian  Association  was  organized  April  12, 
1867,  in  the  vestry  of  the  High  Street  Congregational  Church,  with  Frank  L. 
Dingley,  president;  N.  I.  Jordan,  H.  G.  Garcelon,  Charles  W.  Hill,  A.  K.  P. 
Jordan,  vice-presidents  ;  John  S.  Adams,  secretary  :  J.  W.  Beede,  cor.  secretary; 
Frank  Bartlett,  treasurer;  Reuel  Hanscom,  D.  W.  Wiggin,  R.  M.  Jordan, 
Joseph  Littlefield,  W.  L.  Davis,  Samuel  Hicks,  A.  M.  Pulsifer,  John  Pickard, 
directors;  John  Stinson,  W.  H.  Moore,  Geo.  E.  Strout,  Moses  Hanscom,  I.  A. 
Smith,  P.  M.  Woodman,  John  Given,  A.  H.  Trufant,  R.  F.  Foss,  J.  R.  Learned, 
John  F.  Cobb,  Bennett  Fuller,  standing  committee.  May  27,  a  room  was 
dedicated  in  Phoenix  Block,  and,  in  the  fall,  the  association  opened  a  library  of 
1,000  volumes,  and  in  1873  had  increased  to  2,000.  In  1877  the  association 
erected  a  -122,000  building.  The  last  •tlO,000  of  this  was  paid  in  1890.  It 
occupies  on  the  second  floor  a  pai-lor  and  prayer-room  ;  reading-room  ;  a  library 
of  2,000  volumes ;  gymnasium;  bath-rooms,  etc.  Social  and  educational  work 
is  pursued  in  receptions,  training  class,  practical  talks,  etc.  In  the  religious 
department  two  meetings  are  sustained,  at  9.30  a.m.  and  at  4  p.m.  The  average 
daily  attendance  at  the  -reading-room  is  75.  The  officers  of  the  association  in 
1890  were:  John  F.  Cobb,  president;  H.  P.  Dorman,  vice-president;  J.  W. 
Stetson,  recording  secretary;  H.  C.  Day,  treasurer;  A.  W.  Barnard,  physical 
director;  H.  M.  Piper,  assistant  secretary  and  librarian;-  J.  R.  Learned,  Geo. 
P.  Martin,  J.  W.  Stetson,  H.  P.  Dorman,^  H.  M.  Packard,  C.  T.  Nevens,  L.  G. 
Lord,  Ernest  Rowe,  C.  W.  Hill,  J.  F.  Bowie,  W.  A.  Robinson,  A.  K.  P.  Jordan, 
H.  C.  Day,  A.  W.  Moulton,  Geo.  H.  Brown,  T.  A.  Huston,  F.  A.  Haskell,  Wm 


City  of  Auburn.  675 


Hayes,  I.  N.  Haskell,  John  Pickard,  directors.  The  presidents  have  been 
P'rank  L.  Dingley,  Dr  Jackson,  P.  M.  Jordan,  R.  W.  Hanscom,  Charles  Hill,  J. 
R.  Learned,  A.  K.  P.  Jordan,  J.  B.  Jordan,  Geo.  P.  Martin,  John  Pickard, 
Andrew  Cummings,  Geo.  H.  Brown,  William  Hayes,  William  Robinson,  Frank 
Haskell,  B.  S.  Rideout,  John  F.  Cobb;  the  general  secretaries,  F.  W.  (3ber, 
Edward  Duryee,  T.  P.  Day,  H.  C.  Wilson,  A.  W.  Barnard,  E.  T.  Garland,  1891. 

iSrhooIs. — The  children  of  the  settlers  received  most  of  their  schooling  prior 
to  1826  in  district  and  private  schools.  Orra  Raynes  (Mrs  J.  D.  Davis),  one 
of  the  first  of  the  pnblic  school  teachers,  still  lives  (1891)  in  Auburn  at  an 
advanced  age.  In  1826  tlie  old  red  school-lionse,  which  stood  until  1854,  was 
built,  near  the  old  "clay  bank"  on  Turner  street,  and  served  also  as  a  church 
building  until  1848.  Robert  Martin,  Joseph,  Sarah,  and  Mary  Frye,  and 
(Uiarles  and  Harriet  Chase  were  among  the  earliest  teachers  here.  In  1834  the 
Lewiston  Falls  Academy  was  incorporated.  [See  Danville.]  In  1843  15 
school  districts  were  established  by  Enoch  Littlefield  and  Thomas  B.  Little. 
In  1852  a  brick  school-house  was  built  in  the  rear  of  the  academy.  It  con- 
tained two  school-rooms,  one  36^  by  33i  feet,  the  other  18  by  22^  feet,  and  cost 
•12,000.  In  1856  Auburn  schools  had  1,207  scholars,  and  those  of  Danville 
695.  In  1867  there  were  these  districts:  Littlefield  Mills,  West  Auburn, 
Haskell,  Dinsmore,  Dillingham,  Plains,  East  Auburn,  Emerson,  North  Auburn, 
Briggs,  Woodman,  Bradbury,  and  Gowell.  District  No.  9,  known  as  the 
Village  district,  contained  782  of  the  1,348  scholars  in  the  town,  and  had 
primary  and  intermediate  schools  on  Spring  and  Academy  streets,  and  a 
})riinary  school  at  the  armory,  besides  the  school  in  what  had  been  until  1866 
the  Perry ville  district.  Danville  had  12  school  distiicts;  33  teachers  were 
employed  in  Auburn  and  17  in  Danville  during  the  year.  The  school  com- 
mittee of  iVuburn  was  J.  W.  Beede  and  M.  D.  Chaplin;  of  Danville,  J.  W. 
Peables,  S.  P.  Rounds,  and  M.  Woodbury. 

By  the  city  charter  of  Auburn,  granted  in  1868,  "  all  the  power  and 
authority  now  vested  in  the  several  school  districts  are  vested  in  the  city 
council."  Charles  K.  Packard,  Harrison  O.  Whitman,  Addison  Small,  Frank 
L.  Dingley,  Nahum  Morrill,  J.  W.  Beede,  Enos  T.  Luce,  John  F.  Cobb,  Isaac 
Rounds,  and  Liberty  H.  Hutchinson  were  elected  a  school  committee.  -110,000 
was  appropriated  for  schools  and  f|l,800  for  repairs  on  school-houses.  School- 
houses  were  built  on  Pine  street  for  the  primary  department,  at  North  Auburn 
for  the  grammar  and  primary,  and  in  Woodman's,  Danville  Corner,  and  Dan- 
ville Junction  districts.  In  1871  school-houses  were  built  in  the  Plains, 
Dillingham  Hill,  and  Plummer  districts,  and  in  two  districts  formed  by  the 
consolidation  of  the  Littlefield  and  Verrill  and  the  Walker  and  Brick  school- 
house  districts.  In  1874  a  brick  school-house — the  Webster  school  building  — 
was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Spring  and  School  streets,  at  an  expense  of 
118,000.     In  1877  the  city  council  provided  free  text-books.     In  1882  a  school 


676  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

was  established  in  North  Perryville,  and  a  school-house  was  built  at  Young's 
Corner.  The  handsome  new  building  on  Merrill  Hill  was  finished  and  dedi- 
cated in  1890.  There  are  now  32  schools :  Webster  Grammar,  Lincoln  Gram- 
mar, Webster  Primary,  Franklin  Primary,  Washburn  Primary,  Chamberlain 
Primary,  Douglas  Primary,  North  and  West  Auburn  Grammar,  West  Auburn 
Primary,  North  Auburn  Primary,  Dillingham  Hill,  Plains,  East  Auburn,  Per- 
kins's Ridge,  Young's  Corner,  Mount  Auburn  Avenue,  Woodman,  Gowell, 
Stevens's  Mills,  Haskell's  Corner,  Littlefield,  Marston's,  Hotel  Road,  Danville 
Junction,  Danville  Corner,  Eveleth,  Plummer,  Jordan,  Crockett,  Penley's,  and 
Rowe's.  58  teachers  were  employed  in  1889,  and  the  total  attendance  was 
1,801.  The  total  value  of  school  property  in  1890  was  '|>79,000 ;  high  school 
building  and  park,  -f  30,000 ;  grammar  school  building  and  lot,  !|25,000  ;  other 
city  school  buildings,  113,000;  rural  school  buildings,  #11,000.  During  the 
school  year  1890-91  $4,615.98  was  expended  for  the  high  school,  and  $21,725.05 
for  schools.  88  pupils  were  graduated  from  the  grammar  schools  in  June, 
1891  —  Webster  52,  Lincoln  11,  North  and  West  Auburn  5,  East  Auburn  6, 
rural  grammar  schools  14. 

The  superintendents  of  schools  have  been:  A.  M.  Jackson,  1870  and  1871; 
Addison  Small,  1875;  G.  T.  Fletcher,  1883  and  1884;  F.  E.  Burnette,  1885. 
From  1886  to  1889,  Prof.  W.  W,  Stetson  was  superintendent  of  city  schools, 
and  Nathaniel  H.  Woodbury  of  rural  schools.  In  1890  the  last-mentioned 
office  was  abolished,  and  Professor  Stetson  assumed  charge  of  all  schools. 
When  no  superintendent's  name  appears  in  the  above  list,  the  duties  were 
performed  by  the  school  committee.  In  the  schools  of  Auburn  an  especial 
love  of  countr}^  is  quickened  by  a  study  of  the  lives  of  famous  Americans  on 
the  anniversaries  of  their  birth,  by  the  flags  above  the  schools,  and  by  the 
contribution  of  flowers  to  deck  the  soldiers'  graves  and  participation  in  the 
memorial  exercises  on  Decoration  Day.  In  other  places  flags  have  been  given 
to  schools  by  friends  or  patriotic  organizations,  but  Webster  Grammar  School 
was  the  first  school  in  the  United  States  to  raise  a  flag  paid  for  by  the  scholars. 
In  the  year  ending  March  1,  1891,  the  pupils  of  Douglas,  North  Auburn 
Grammar,  East  Auburn  A^illage,  West  Auburn  Primary,  and  Mt  Auburn 
Avenue  schools  purchased  handsome  flags,  and  Franklin,  Merrill,  Chamberlain, 
Washburn,  and  Lincoln  schools  were  presented  flags  by  societies  and  indi- 
viduals. With  such  schools,  bearing  such  rich  fruit  of  intelligent  patriotism, 
Auburn  need  have  no  fear  of  her  future. 

Edward  Little  High  School.  For  the  generous  conditions  and  history 
of  the  transfer  of  Edward  Little  Institute  to  the  city,  see  Danville.  These 
conditions  were  accepted  January  31,  1874,  and  the  transfer  was  soon  effected. 
In  November,  1883,  the  building  was  burned  and  the  high  school  was  main- 
tained in  Auburn  Hall  until  the  present  elegant  edifice  was  completed  in  1885. 
The  building  is  one  of  the  finest  school  buildings  in  the  state.    It  is  constructed 


City  of  Auburn.  677 


of  brick  with  granite  trimmings,  three  stories  and  basement,  60  x  90  feet,  with 
a  semi-circular  wing  supporting  the  tower.  The  first  floor  contains  assembly, 
recitation,  and  dressing  rooms,  and  office;  the  second,  recitation  and  apparatus 
rooms,  laboratory,  and  library  of  over  1,000  volumes.  The  principals  have 
been:  George  E.  Gay,  1874  and  1875;  Charles  E.  Fish,  1876,  1877,  1878,  and 
part  of  1879;  John  A.  Morrill,  spring  term  of  1879;  J.  W.  V.  Rich,  1879, 
1880;  George  C.  Purinton,  1881  and  1882;  Dr  D.  O.  S.  Lowell,  1883;  Charles 
H.  Clark,  1884  and  1885;  Prof.  John  F.  Moody,  1886,  1887,  1888,  1889,  1890, 
1891.  The  present  faculty  (April,  1891,)  is:  Prof.  John  F.  Moody,  principal; 
Charles  A.  Washburn,  1st  assistant ;  Laura  E.  Mclntire,  2d  assistant ;  Helen 
Beede,  3d  assistant;  and  Lulu  H.  Hutchins,  4th  assistant.  Professor  Moody 
was  born  in  Kingfield,  Me.  He  fitted  for  college  at  Hebron  Academy,  and 
attended  Colby  University.  Although  his  enlistment  in  the  army  prevented 
his  completing  his  course,  he  has  received  degrees  from  Bowdoin  and  Colby. 
He  has  been  a  teacher  since  he  was  14  years  old  and  has  taught  over  100 
terms  of  school.  He  was  principal  of  Yarmouth  Acadeni}^  two  years,  of 
Hebron  Academy  seven  years,  and  of  Bridgton  Academy  nine,  coming  to 
Auburn  in  1886.  Professor  Moody  is  a  thorough,  careful,  accurate  student, 
and  strives  to  cultivate  in  his  pupils  his  own  habits  of  patient  and  diligent 
study.  His  schools  have  been  uniformly  successful,  and  the  men  and  women 
who  have  graduated  from  them  have  pleasant  memories  of  their  old  instructor. 

Tlie  Ladies'  Charitahle  Society  was  organized  about  1875,  to  relieve  the 
worthy  poor.  The  organization  was  kept  up  by  a  faithful  few,  and,  Novem- 
ber 8,  1886,  as  an  outgrowth  of -this  body,  ''The  Auburn  Home  for  Aged 
Women"  was  formed  as  a  corporation.  The  officers  then  chosen  were: 
Ara  Cushman,  president;  Mrs  Mary  Bates  Stevens,  Mrs  F.  L.  Dingley,  vice- 
presidents;  James  Dingley,  treasurer;  Dr  J.  W.  Beede,  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  board  of  managers.  This  board  was  composed  of  Mrs  F.  M.  Richards, 
Mrs  A.  Stinson,  Mrs  Abbie  C.  Libby,  Mrs  Julia  W.  Cushman,  Mrs  Sarah  A. 
Hersey,  Mrs  Susan  French,  Mrs  Mary  F.  Hill,  Mrs  George  Jones,  Mrs  Esther 
C.  Alden,  Mrs  B.  H.  Preble,  Mrs  Harriet  C.  Pulsifer,  Dr  B.  F.  Sturgis. 

The  Auburn  Art  Club  was  organized  March,  1880.  Its  original  membership 
was  twelve.  Mrs  Caroline  W.  D.  Rich  was  its  first  president.  It  is  a  ladies' 
club  for  the  study  of  art  in  the  broad  sense  of  the  word.  The  membership  is 
now  fifty,  to  which  number  it  is  strictly  limited.  The  club  looks  forward  to 
possessing  a  building  of  its  own. 

The  Associated  Charities  of  Auburn  was  incorporated  November  25,  1889, 
with  these  corporators:  J.  W.  Beede,  Samuel  F.  Merrill,  William  Hayes,  Ara 
Cushman,  John  N.  Foster,  Mrs  A.  C.  Libby,  Mrs  D.  O.  Richards,  Mrs  Rhoda  A. 
Pratt,  Mrs  Harriet  C.  Pulsifer,  Mrs  Louisa  A.  Wagg,  and  Nathan  W.  Harris, 
and  was  organized  to  relieve  the  worthy  poor  by  securing  harmonious  and 
intelligent  action   by  the  different  charities  of  Auburn ;   to  prevent  begging 


678  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

and  imposture;  to  enconi-age  self-dependence  and  industry  through  friendly 
advice  and  sympathy  ;  to  prevent  children  from  growing  up  paupers  ;  to  aid 
in  the  diffusion  of  knowledge  on  subjects  connected  with  the  relief  of  the 
poor.     It  is  doing  a  noble  work. 

Auburn  Public  Librari).  —  Auburn  is  indebted  for  the  public  library,  which 
was  recently  added  to  its  educational  institutions,  to  the  energy  and  progres- 
sive spirit  of  her  Board  of  Trade.  In  an  interview  published  in  the  local 
newspaper  and  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  the  claims  of  a  public  library  were 
presented  for  the  consideration  of  the  citizens  of  Auburn  by  Prof.  W.  W. 
Stetson.  The  discussion  of  this  matter  bore  fruit  at  a  meeting  of  that 
organization  held  July  1,  1890,  when  VV.  W.  Stetson,  Thomas  E.  Calvert, 
Henry  W.  Cakes,  H.  W.  Merrill,  and  Charles  E.  Wing  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee on  public  library.  October  10  the  committee  submitted  an  exhaustive 
report,  recommending  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  effect  an  incorpora- 
tion, and  to  raise  the  funds  to  equip  and  maintain  a  ''working"  public  library. 
There  were  51  corporators  (ladies  and  gentlemen),  and  the  organization  was 
effected  October  27,  when  the  name  '■'•Auburn  Public  Library  Association'''' 
was  adopted.  Ara  Cushman  was  chosen  president,  but  resigned,  and  S.  F. 
Merrill  was  elected;  George  H.  Brown,  C.  S.  Yeaton,  vice-presidents;  Nathan 
W.  Harris,  treasurer;  J.  W.  Mitchell,  clerk;  and  W.  W.  Stetson,  John  A. 
Morrill,  A.  M.  Pulsifer,  (jeorge  P.  Martin,  S.  F.  Merrill,  J.  W.  Beede,  trustees. 
By-laws  were  adopted,  providing  that  any  person  might  become  a  life  member, 
entitled  to  a  vote  at  all  meetings,  and  eligible  to  any  office,  and  to  the  use  of 
the  library  for  himself  and  family,  on  payment  of  -125,  or  of  |15  and  $1  per 
year;  or  a  member  for  one  year  for  i3,  or  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  the  library 
for  one  year  for  -11  ;  and  that  any  person  donating  1500  might  name  an  alcove 
in  the  library.  Committees  were  appointed  to  secure  the  necessary  funds  by 
subscription.  Mrs  Angela  Smith  Whitman,  already  well  known  by  her  liberal 
endowment  of  the  Old  Ladies'  Home,  was  the  first  contributor,  requesting 
that  her  $500  should  be  expended  upon  books  on  reform  and  social  science. 
1500  donations  were  also  made  by  Ara  Cushmaii,  Samuel  F.  Merrill,  W.  W. 
Stetson,  Frank  L.  Dingley,  Burnside  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Auburn  W.  C.  T.  U., 
Auburn  Art  Club,  and  Charles  L.  Cushman,  Murray  B.  Watson,  George  E. 
Davis,  and  H.  W.  Merrill,  jointly.  Mr  and  Mrs  Charles  Clark  contributed 
1200,  and  each  of  the  following  subscribed  |100  :  Dr  J.  W.  Beede,  Jonas 
Edwards,  Oscar  Holway,  George  P.  Martin,  L.  Linn  Small,  B.  F.  &  F.  H. 
Briggs,  H.  G.  Foss,  and  Mrs  W.  W.  Stetson.  The  Franklin  Company  donated 
a  lot  valued  at  -15,000,  which,  with  the  cash  subscriptions,  brought  the  assets 
nearly  to  113,000.  About  450  different  persons  showed  their  interest  in  this 
worthy  cause  by  joining  the  association  and  subscribing  for  its  endowment 
and  support.  When  the  canvass  was  completed  a  committee  of  the  trustees 
was  appointed  to  prepare  lists  of  books  for  the  library,  which  was  located  over 


City  of  Auburn.  679 


the  banking-rooms  of  Auburn  Trust  Company  on  Court  street.  The  system 
of  cataloguing  used  is  the  Dewe}^  system,  Miss  Annie  Prescott,  the  librarian, 
having  made  that  a  study.  The  library  opened  to  the  public  August  11, 1891. 
The  report  of  the  committee,  which  formed  the  basis  of  the  action  of  the  asso- 
ciation, recommended  that  the  funds  should  be  used  to  equip  a  working 
library  with  the  best  books  of  reference  and  standard  works  in  every  branch 
of  literature.  Fiction  and  light  literature  are  represented  by  the  best  writers, 
but  especial  attention  has  been  given  to  science,  history,  belles-lettres^  biography, 
juvenile  works,  and  social  science.  An  accomplished  scholar  and  librarian  of 
large  experience  says  of  the  Auburn  Public  Library,  that  it  would  be  impossible 
to  find  a  more  useful  or  more  carefully  selected  one  of  its  size  (about  3,500 
volumes)  in  the  country.  A  free  reading-room,  supplied  with  leading  mag- 
azines and  newspapers  is  connected  with  the  library. 


James  Gojf'  was  born  in  St  John,  N.  B.,  in  1760,  and  was  impressed  at 
Boston  by  a  British  frigate,  from  which  he  escaped  in  the  West  Indies.  He 
enlisted  in  the  American  army  in  1776,  and  was  "entitled  to  wear  a  medal  for 
seven  years'  honest  service."  He  married  Anna  Stubbs,  of  Falmouth,  about 
1785,  and  located  first  on  Goff's  hill,  in  Minot,  and  later  settled  between  Lake 
street  and  Merrill  hill.  P'or  many  years  he  was  "fugleman"  in  militia 
trainings  and  musters.  He  died  aged  nearly  99.  James  G-off,  Jr,  born  in 
1797,  was  a  trader  in  1821  at  Stevens's  Mills,  in  1823  moved  to  Goff's  Corner 
and  was  the  leading  trader  until  1852.  In  1824  he  bought  the  land  on  Court 
street  from  Auburn  Hall  to  Main  street,  and  fronting  102  feet  on  Main  street, 
for  'f  137.  He  was  postmaster  for  15  years,  and  was  representative  from  Minot 
when  Auburn  was  incor[)orated  and  gave  the  name  to  the  town.  He  built  the 
residence  now  occupied  by  Dana  Goff  in  1854.  In  the  fii'e  of  1855  he  lost  six 
stores  and  two  houses.  He  became  a  large  owner  of  property  now  very 
valuable,  owning  a  tier  of  lots  on  the  east  side  of  Goff  street,  and  from  the 
west  side  of  Goff  street,  north  of  Court,  all  the  territory  over  Goff's  hill, 
including  Highland  avenue.  Western  promenade,  and  Lake  street.  He  also 
owned  the  south  side  of  Court  street  from  Atwood  &  Lowell's  store  to  the 
woods  opposite  his  residence.  He  died  July  15,  1872.  His  children  are  Dana, 
Horace,  Julia  A.  (Mrs  A.  K.  P.  Welch),  Sewell,  and  Charles. 

Daiiiel  Briggs  came  from  Taunton  to  New  Gloucester  in  1777,  the  same 
year  made  a  home  in  4'urner.  In  1785  Daniel,  Jr,  (born  1764,  died  1839,) 
came  to  Minot  and  took  up  a  200  acre  lot  (9  on  Bullen's  plan).  He  married, 
first,  Betsey  Bradford;  second,  in  1817,  Mary  Milliken.  His  children  settled 
in  Auburn,  Turner,  Lewiston,  and  Livermore.  They  were  Charles,  Lurana 
(m.  Calvin  Gorham),  Tiley  (m.  Abijah  Gorham),  Betsey  (m.  Nathan  Reynolds), 
Daniel,  Rizpah  (m.  Galen  Jones),  Serena,  Chandler,  Jennet  (m.  Nathaniel 
Drake),  Roxana  (m.  Stephen  Packard),  Hiram  C,  Ann  H.     Hiram  C.  Briggs, 


680  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


the  sole  survivor  of  the  children,  married,  first,  Hannah  G.  Alden.  Children: 
Benjamin  F.  and  Alden  G.;  second,  Semira  Briggs.  Children:  Daniel,  Ansel, 
Betsey  married  J.  Wealey  Richer.  Their  children  are  Daniel  Wesley  and 
William  Briggs.  Mr  Ricker  is  son  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  (Walker)  Bicker,  and 
a  descendant  from  early  settlers  of  Poland.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been 
a  member  of  the  common  council  and  of  the  board  of  aldermen,  and  a  useful 
member  of  the  school  committee.  August  23,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  C,  8th 
Me,  and  served  three  years.  In  1881  he  located  upon  the  farm  in  East  Auburn, 
and  makes  a  specialty  of  dairying.  In  1800  he  made  and  sold  4,152  pounds  of 
butter.  He  is  lecturer  of  Auburn  Grange,  No.  4,  P.  of  H.  Benjamin  F.  Briygs 
married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Harvey  and  Mary  (Johnson)  Dillingham.  He  is 
prominent  in  affairs,  and,  with  his  son,  Frank  H.,  conducts  the  famous  Maple 
Grove  stock  farm. 

WiUiam  Briyus.,  born  in  1743,  in  Massachusetts,  came  in  May,  1797,  to 
East  Auburn,  bringing  -$2,000  in  silver  in  a  bread  trough.  He  settled  on  the 
place  now  owned  by  Royal  J.  Bradbury,  and  died  February  2,  1820.  His 
children  were:  William.,  wlio  came  here  before  179(3,  and  cleared  and  lived  on 
the  city  farm.  He  died  June  18,  1855,  aged  85.  Of  his  three  children,  Mrs 
Hiram  C.  Briggs  is  the  only  survivor;  Nathan  settled  where  his  son,  Darius, 
lives,  and  built  the  brick  house  in  1826;  Geonje  has  descendants  here;  Jolm 
married  Esther  Allen,  died  in  1853  aged  68.  His  farm  is  now  the  stock  farm 
of  B.  F.  Briggs;  Daniel  married  Rhoda  Larrabee,  and  succeeded  to  the  home- 
stead. He  died  October  29,  1862.  He  taught  the  first  school  in  East  Auburn, 
was  a  Baptist  deacon,  a  Whig,  and  held  many  town  offices.  John  Calvin 
Briggs,  the  venerable  genealogist  of  East  Auburn,  is  his  son. 

John  Dinyley,  a  blacksmith,  came  from  England  in  1637  to  Lynn,  Mass. 
Removing  to  Sandwich  on  Cape  Cod,  in  1640  he  made  his  home  and  was 
granted  a  lot  of  land  in  Marshfield.  Jacob,^  son  of  John,'  had  a  son,  John,^ 
born  1670,  from  whom  descend  the  Dingleys  of  America.  John^  m.  Sarah 
Porter,  1702,  and  had  two  sons,  Jacob*  (born  1703)  and  John.  Jacob*  m. 
Maiy  Holmes  and  had  three  sons,  Abner,  Jacob ^  (born  1727)  and  Joseph. 
Jacob ^  m.  Desire  Phillips  and  had  several  children.  The  oldest  son,  William,^ 
(born  1749)  m.  Sarah  Jordan  and  came  about  1773  from  Duxbury  to  Cape 
P^lizabeth.  In  1793  he  took  up  a  farm  on  the  Androscoggin  in  the  southeast 
part  of  Danville  and  gave  his  name  to  Dingley's  Ferry.  Here  he  died  in 
September,  1812.  His  children  were  Jeremiah,  William,  Abigail  (m.  James 
Jordan),  Polly  (m.  Samuel  Wagg),  Lucy  (m.  John  Penley),  Esther  (m.  David 
Crockett),  and  Sarah  and  Susannah  (who,  in  succession,  ra.  Matthias  Vickery). 
Jeremiah'  m.  Lucy  Garcelon  and  had  ten  children:  Jordan,  Julia  (Mrs 
Socrates  Dow),  Nelson,  James,  William.  Nancy  (Mrs  Wm  Brewster),  Lucy 
(Mrs  Isaac  Lambert),  Jeremiah,  Sarah  E.,  Susan  G.  (Mrs  Cornelius  Stackpole). 
He  married  in  1837  a  second  wife,  Mrs  Secomb  Jordan,  and  moved  to  Durham. 


City  of  Auburn.  681 


He  died  iu  Auburn  in  1869.  Nelson^  (born  1809)  married  Jane,  daughter  of 
Isaac  and  Mary  (Strout)  Lambert  in  1831  and  now  resides  in  Auburn.  His 
sons  are  Nelson,  Jr,  and  Frank  L. 

Moses  Crafts,  of  Newton,  Mass.,  in  1630,  was  the  ancestor  of  the  Crafts. 
A  descendant,  John  Staples  Crafts,  was  a  physician  in  North  l^ridge water,  and 
late  in  life  came  to  Minot,  and  died  Ma}'  6,  1816.  His  sons  were  Thomas, 
Samuel,  John,  Moses,  Zibeon,  Edward.  Edward  late  in  life  located  in  West 
Auburn,  and  bequeathed  •ii'10,000  to  charitable  objects.  Moses  and  Zibeon 
settled  at  West  Auburn,  where  the}'  lived  to  old  age.  Martin,  son  of  Moses, 
lived  in  West  Auburn  and  had  a  large  family.  Zibeon  had  sons,  Caleb, 
Zibeon,  and  Frederic.  Their  descendants  are  residents  in  this  section.  Moses, 
son  of  Martin,  died  in  Auburn  in  1887;  he  was  a  shoe  manufacturer,  but  for 
'several  years  had  devoted  his  time  to  his  farm,  where  he  built  a  fine  residence. 

NatJian  Haskell,  of  Welsh  ancestry,  came  from  Gloucester  to  New  Gloucester 
in  the  last  half  of  the  eighteenth  century.  He  had  14  children.  Nathan,  the 
eldest  son,  was  a  farmer  in  the  Merrill  Hill  school  district  in  Auburn;  Harry 
L.  Haskell,  of  Auburn,  is  a  grandson.  Deacon  Samuel  Haskell  settled  near 
Danville  Corner,  and  lived  there  nearly  50  years.  S.  F.  Haskell  and  D.  W. 
Verrill,  of  Auburn,  are  his  grandsons.  Isaiah  Haskell  was  born  in  New 
Gloucester  in  1786.  Before  1805  he  settled  on  the  Nathan  W.  Harris  farm, 
where  he  lived  over  50  years.  He  married,  in  1835,  Sarah  Chandler,  born  in 
Yarmouth  in  1800.  Their  son,  Joseph  C.  Haskell,  has  been  in  the  book  and 
stationery  business  in  Auburn  for  many  years,  and  has  held  various  official 
positions. 

Capt.  Aaron  Bird,  born  in  175(5,  came  from  Dorchester,  Mass.,  about  1800, 
and  settled  on  Bird  hill,  and  built  a  large  two-story,  flat-roofed  mansion,  which 
stood  until  1876.  His  wife  was  Joanna  Glover,  of  Marblehead,  Mass.  Capt. 
Bird  died  December  12,  1822.  His  son.  Royal  Bird,  born  in  1799,  married 
Polly  lieynolds,  a  daughter  of  Deacon  Ichabod  Reynolds,  who,  with  his  wife, 
Polly  (Brett)  Reynolds,  came  from  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  and  settled  on  Briggs's 
hill.  Royal  settled  in  Windsor,  soon  after  his  marriage,  where  his  children, 
Charles,  Mary  Brett  (married  Phillips  Bradford),  and  Edward  W.  were  born. 
Becoming  hopelessly  ill,  lioyal  returned  to  Auburn,  and  died  March  25,  1827. 

Col  JVathatiiel  Lowe  I)i(/ersoll,  born  at  New  Gloucester,  May  10,  1790,  came 
to  Danville  Corner  in  1814  and  opened  a  store.  He  married  (1)  Anna, 
daughter  of  Andrew  R.  Giddinge.  Children  :  Ann  E.,  Sarah  H.,  Caroline  G., 
Nathaniel  L.,  John  H.,  Hannah.  (2)  Nancy,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Clark 
(who  came  from  Limington  in  1837,  and  bought  the  Giddinge  farm).  Chil- 
dren :  Abby  C.  (Mrs  Elkanah  Walker),  Harriet  W.  (telegraph  operator  at 
Danville  Junction).  Col  IngersoU  was  postmaster  24  years,  representative 
several  terms,  selectman,  and  deputy-sheriff,  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  an 
original  member  of    the  Danville  Congregational  Church.     He  died  June  4, 


gg2  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


1870.  John  H.  Inf/ersoU  nianied  Hannah,  daughter  of  George  Emerson. 
Children  :  Anna,  Sarah  E.,  Grace,  George  E.,  Adelaide  W.,  Hattie  M.,  Edith  M. 
Mr  Ingersoll  was  a  successful  teacher,  but  for  several  years  has  been  in 
railroad  business.     Two  of  his  daughters  are  successful  teachers. 

Lahmi  Lorhif/,  of  Hinghani,  was  the  first  hatter  in  the  Kennebec  valley, 
and  a  merchant  of  Bath  for  years.  In  May,  1822,  he  purchased  a  farm  of  175 
acres  in  Danville,  and  built  the  house  used  for  a  tavern  for  many  years,  and 
now  the  residence  of  David  R.  Loring.  He  was  a  man  of  influence  and  a 
deacon  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Danville  Corner.  He  died,  June  20, 
1844,  aged  77.  Children  :  David  R.,  Samuel  P.,  Lydia,  Susan  (Mrs  Samuel 
Pickard).  David  R.  Loring  was  born  in  Bath,  November  22,  1797,  followed 
the  sea  in  his  youth,  and  then  came  into  possession  of  the  homestead.  He 
married,  June  11,  1833,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Deacon  John  Hayes,  of  Yarmouth, 
a  lady  of  marked  amiability  and  Christian  character,  who  died  July  8,  1890, 
in  her  87th  year.  Mr  Loring,  although  at  the  venerable  age  of  94,  looks  upon 
the  world  with  a  cheerful  face,  has  a  kind  word  for  all,  and  is  a  much-respected 
citizen.  His  children  were  Charles  P.,  who  graduated  from  Bowdoin  in  1859, 
from  a  New  York  medical  college  in  18(32,  and  located  in  Providence  as  a 
physician.  He  died  in  1877,  aged  42  years;  Mary  J.  married,  first,  Dr  A.  B. 
Foster,  a  native  of  Livermore.  Dr  Foster  practiced  many  years  in  Providence, 
where  he  died  in  December,  1885.  His  worthy  traits  of  character,  genial 
disposition,  and  great  professional  skill  won  him  lasting  friends.  About  1875 
he  purchased  a  farm  in  Auburn  and  passed  his  summers  here.  He  was  the 
first  in  this  vicinity,  and  it  is  said  in  the  state,  to  introduce  ensilage  and  build 
a  silo.  Mrs  Foster  married,  second,  in  October,  1890,  John  F.  Cobb ;  Susan, 
(dec);  Annie  S.,  (dec). 

Col  Isaac  Allen,  son  of  John  Allen,  an  early  settler  of  Turner  [see  page 
516],  located  in  Auburn  early.  He  married  Mary  Allen;  their  son,  Fred  A. 
Allen,  was  born  at  Auburn  Plains,  February  20,  1883.  He  fitted  for  college  at 
Hebron  Academy  and  attended  Maine  State  Seminary,  but,  his  health  failing, 
he  left  school  and  became  a  farmer  and  a  school  teacher  and  has  taught  over 
50  terms  of  district  and  grammar  schools,  mostly  in  Auburn  and  Turner.  He 
is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  school  committee  and  board  of 
assessors  of  Auburn,  and  two  years  an  alderman  from  Ward  1.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Grange  and  was  elected  overseer  when  only  three  months  a 
member,  was  master  of  his  lodge  for  several  years,  master  of  the  County 
Grange  two  years,  and  has  been  secretary  of  the  State  Grange  since  1885,  and 
secretary  of  the  Patrons'  Androscoggin  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  since 
its  organization.  He  is  postmaster  at  Auburn  Plains.  He  married  Emily, 
daughter  of  Capt.  John  Townsend,  May  20,  1859.  His  son,  Wilfred  C,  is  a 
farmer  on  the  home  farm. 


City  of  Auburn.  688 


Col  Tliomas  Littlefield  was  born  in  Minot,  August  15,  1818,  and  died  in 
Auburn,  April  2,  1889.  He  was  clerk  and  in  the  lumber  business  at  Stevens 
Mills  until  he  was  of  age,  and  for  five  years  after  lived  at  the  old  tavern  kept 
by  his  parents  at  Littlefield's  Corner.  Mr  Littlefield  soon  enlisted  in  the 
Maine  militia  and  was  made  ensign  in  1838,  and  rapidly  promoted  to  captain, 
major,  lieutenant-colonel,  colonel,  adjutant,  becoming  major-general  in  1851. 
His  strong  common  sense,  practical  judgment,  and  business  ability  brought  him 
continuously  into  public  life,  where  he  made  an  honorable  record.  He  was 
state  senator  from  Cumberland  county  in  1851  and  1852;  represented  Auburn 
in  the  legislature  several  times;  was  selectman  14  years;  was  chosen  the  first 
mayor  of  the  city  in  1869,  and  also  elected  in  1871,  1872,  1873,  1871, 1879,  and 
1880;  was  assessor,  and  an  overseer  of  the  poor  for  19  years;  jailer  until  1883; 
deputy  sheriff  from  1857  to  1872,  when  he  was  elected  sheriff ;  he  was  four 
times  re-elected,  and  was  instrumental  in  shaping  most  of  the  early  measures 
on  which  the  prosperity  of  Auburn  is  founded.  Possessing  a  strong,  brusque 
individuality,  with  uncommon  energy  and  intense  local  attachment,  Colonel 
Littlefield  was  one  whose  influence  will  be  long  felt.  His  wife,  Laura, 
daughter  of  Jacob  H.  and  :\Iary  (Goff)  Read,  and  four  children  survive  him. 

Robert  Martin,  who  died  June  15,  1885,  aged  85,  was  son  of  John  Martin, 
who  came  from  New  Gloucester  to  Danville  in  1809.  He  taught  54  terms  of 
school,  was  much  in  office  in  Danville,  Poland,  and  Auburn,  from  1856  to 
1863  was  on  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  from  1863  to  1869  county  com- 
missioner, from  1878  to  1885  customs  officer  at  Danville  Junction.  In  1849  he 
was  representative  from  Poland,  and  for  many  years  his  influence  was  great  in 
state  legislation  and  county  affairs.     He  was  an  active  Free  Mason. 

Nod  B.  Potter,  county  ti'easurer,  was  born  in  Webster,  January  13,  1859. 
Graduating  at  the  Maine  Central  Listitute  at  Pittsfield,  he  became  a  teacher, 
and  later  supervisor  of  schools  in  Webster.  From  1882  to  1886  he  was 
Governor  Robie's  private  secretary.  Li  1886  he  was  elected  county  treasurer 
and  has  held  that  office  by  re-elections  to  the  present.  He  is  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  Androscoggin  County  Republican  Committee,  and  is  an  aid-de- 
camp of  Governor  Burleigh,  with  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 

John  F.  Lamb,  sheriff,  was  a  soldier  in  the  13th  Maine  during  the  Civil 
War  and  has  since  been  prominent  in  G.  A.  R.  circles.  He  was  a  charter 
member  of  Kimball  Post,  Livermore  Falls,  its  second  commander,  twice  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Administration  of  the  Department  of  Maine,  and  has 
been  Senior  Vice  Commander.  E'rom  1880  till  his  election  as  sheriff  in  1888 
he  resided  in  Livermore  Falls,  where  he  was  a  trader.     He  is  a  "model  officer." 

jSilas  Sprague,  register  of  deeds,  was  born  in  Greene  in  1826.  He  attended 
the  common  schools  and  Monmouth  Academy,  became  an  eminently  successful 
teacher  for  many  years,  represented  Greene  in  1859  and  1860,  and  has  held 
his  present  office  by  successive  re-elections  since  January  1,  1868. 


684  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 

ARA    CUSHMAN. 

ARA  CUSHMAN,  son  of  Ara  and  Esther  (Merrill)  Cushnian,  was  born  at 
Woodman  hill  in  Minot,  Me,  April  30,  1829,  and  is  a  descendant  in  the 
eighth  generation  of  Robert  Cushnian,  who  was  prominent  in  securing 
the  charter  for  the  Plymouth  Colony  and  the  charter  for  the  first  permanent 
settlement  in  Massachusetts  Bay  colony.  Robert  came  to  Ameiica  in  the  ship 
Fortune  in  1621,  but  soon  returned  to  England  as  agent  of  the  colony,  leaving 
his  son  Thomas  in  the  care  of  his  "intimate  friend,"  Governor  William  Bradford. 
Thomas  married  Mary  Allerton,  a  passenger  on  the  Mayflower,  and  on  the 
death  of  William  Brewster  was  elected  one  of  the  elders  of  the  Plymouth 
church.  Springing  from  such  ancestors,  and  inheriting  much  of  their  strength 
of  purpose  and  individuality  of  character,  it  is  easy  to  understand  how  Ara 
Cushman  won  his  large  success  in  business  and  developed  the  ability  and 
the  qualities  that  have  made  him  an  acknowledged  authority  in  financial  circles, 
and  a  controlling  force  in  so  many  of  the  movements  that  make  the  progress 
of  the  world  [)Ossible. 

Mr  Cushman  [)assed  his  early  life  on  liis  father's  farm  in  Minot,  making 
the  best  use  of  the  slender  op[)ortunities  afforded  by  the  district  school  for 
acquiring  an  education.  Later,  attendance  upon  the  Lewiston  Falls  and 
Gorham  academies  gave  him  a  taste  of  and  a  love  for  those  studies  which  have 
occupied  so  much  of  his  later  life,  and  the  mastery  of  which  vindicates  the 
theory  that  a  liberal  education  is  not  dependent  upon  college  halls  or  learned 
professors,  and  proves  that  the  work  of  the  student  and  the  attainments  of 
the  scholar  help  rather  than  embarrass  the  busiest  of  bus}'  men.  At  the  age 
of  19  he  taught  with  acceptance  a  district  scliool  for  several  terms,  and  shortly 
afterward  entered  upon  the  work  which  has  been  his  occupation  up  to  the 
present  time,  that  of  a  shoe  manufacturer.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
Maine  in  the  manufacture  of  the  finer  grade  of  boots  and  shoes.  His  primi- 
tive little  shop  at  West  Minot,  if  standing,  would  form  a  striking  contrast  to 
the  extensive  factories  occupied  by  the  Ara  Cushman  Company  of  to-day.  It 
was  a  square-roofed,  one-story  building,  less  than  twenty  feet  square,  locally 
known  as  the  "tea-can."  For  some  months  he  worked  alone,  cutting  his 
leather  and  making  the  shoes  which  he  sold  to  the  retail  dealers  in  Cumber- 
land and  Kennebec  counties  from  the  wagon  which  he  drove  through  the 
country.  His  work  met  with  such  favor  that  his  business  steadily  increased 
till,  in  1855,  a  larger  building  was  required,  and  it  became  necessary  for  Mr 
Cushman  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  the  superintendence  of  a  business  which 
employed  about  25  jjcrsons.  In  1859  he  found  it  necessary  to  again  increase 
his  i)lant,  and  erected  a  large  two-story  factory  which  he  occupied  until  1863, 


City  of  Auburn.  685 


when  the  business  so  modestly  begun  had  outgrown  the  hamlet  in  which  it 
had  been  nurtured,  and  was  transplanted  to  Auburn,  where  better  facilities  for 
manufacturing  and  shipping  could  be  found.  Here,  as  Ara  Cushnian  &  Co., 
and  later  as  the  incorporated  Ara  CUishman  Company,  under  the  vigilant  and 
intelligent  direction  of  its  projector,  the  business  has  attained  the  proud  posi- 
tion of  one  of  the  largest  manufacturing  establishments  of  its  kind  in  New 
England  and,  hence,  in  the  world. 

Large  as  the  business  has  been,  and  exacting  as  its  claims  are  upon  its 
principal  manager,  yet  his  connection  with  other  enterprises  is  extensive 
enough  to  occupy  the  entire  time  and  strength  of  most  men.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  National  Shoe  and  Leather  Bank,  of  Auburn,  and  has  been 
its  president  from  its  organization.  He  is  president  of  the  J.  M.  iVrnold  Shoe 
Company,  of  Bangor,  and  a  director  in  the  A.  H.  Berry  Shoe  Company,  of 
Portland,  the  Auburn  Loan  and  Building  Association,  the  Auburn  Land 
Company,  Auburn  Trust  Company,  beside  being  president  of  the  Auburn 
Board  of  Trade,  the  Old  Ladies'  Home,  and  trustee  in  institutions  too  numerous 
to  mention.  He  gives  to  all  of  these  not  the  time  that  can  be  culled  from  his 
regular  work  but  the  attention  needed  to  promote  their  best  interests  and 
highest  prosperity. 

Mr  Cushman  has  always  held  to  the  faith  professed  by  the  Universalist 
denomination,  and  the  erection  of  the  beautiful  Elm  Street  Church  in  Auburn 
was  largely  due  to  his  active  beneficence.  His  relation  to  other  institutions  of 
the  church  in  New  England  are  very  intimate  and  his  interest  in  them  is  felt 
to  a  greater  extent  than  it  is  seen.  He  was  for  four  years  president  of  the 
Universalist  State  Convention,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  owners  in  its  denom- 
inational paper.  He  is  a  thorough-going  temperance  man,  and  heartily  in 
sympathy  with  all  measures  looking  toward  the  suppression  of  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors.  He  was  president  of  the  Law  and  Order  League  during 
its  days  of  activity,  and  is  always  ready  to  bear  his  part  of  the  burden  placed 
on  the  shoulders  of  .all  good  citizens  by  the  struggle  that  virtue  wages  against 
vice.  He  is  a  Republican  in  faith,  but  not  a  partisan  in  practice.  He  accepts 
the  general  ^)rinciples  of  the  party,  but  reserves  the  right  to  refuse  to  vote  for 
candidates  that  he  knows  to  be  unfit  for  the  position  for  which  the  "  machine  " 
has  named  them.  Holding  and  acting  upon  such  views  usually  excludes  such 
men  from  offices  that  are  dependent  upon  popular  elections.  The  esteem  in 
which  Mr  Cushman  is  held  by  his  fellow-townsmen  cannot  be  more  clearly 
indicated  than  by  the  fact  that  he  represented  his  city  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1873-4,  has  been  a  delegate  to  many  important  conventions,  and  would  be 
elected  b}^  a  practically  unanimous  vote  to  any  office  in  the  gift  of  the  city 
which  he  would  indicate  his  willingness  to  accept.  Mr  Cushman  has  given 
much  study  to  the  questions  that  involve  the  relations  that  exist  between 
employers   and    employes.       He    has    written    several    pamphlets    that    have 


686  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

attracted  wide  attention  and  favorable  comment  by  advanced  thinkers.  Ingen- 
ious theories  are  interesting  reading  to  philosophers,  but  practical  demonstra- 
tions are  the  things  that  are  demanded  by  those  whose  conditions  form 
the  problems  that  are  the  terror  of  the  monopolist  and  the  burden  of  the 
humanitarian  capitalist. 

The  many  calls  made  on  Mr  Cushman  for  addresses  indicates  the  esteem  in 
which  he  is  held  as  a  public  speaker  by  the  associations  and  societies  with 
which  he  is  more  or  less  directly  connected.  His  speeches  are  characterized  by 
close  thinking,  felicitious  diction,  and  firm  grasp  of  the  subject  treated.  But 
few  laymen  can  more  completely  control  or  more  powerfully  influence  an 
intelligent  audience,  when  he  is  stirred  by  the  impressiveness  of  a  great  theme. 
As  a  presiding  officer  he  has  but  few  peers.  As  toast-master  at  banquets  he  is 
at  his  best,  and  the  apt  quotation  and  sparkling  wit  give  that  tone  and  zest  to 
the  occasion  that  only  a  genius  for  such  duties  can  yield.  He  was  the  first 
of  the  shoe  manufacturers  in  New  England  to  adopt  a  scheme  of  profit- 
sharing.  Like  everything  else  that  he  does  it  was  done  in  his  own  way,  after 
an  exhaustive  study  of  all  the  conditions  by  which  he  was  surrounded.  To 
devise  a  plan  that  will  harmonize  all  the  relations  of  a  capitalist,  employer,  and 
employe,  and  do  full  justice  to  each,  would  be  to  answer  the  prayer  of  all 
lovers  of  his  kind.  To  say  that  Mr  Cushman  has  not  accomplished  this  work 
is  to  say  that  he  is  human.  To  say  that  he  has  put  in  successful  operation  a 
scheme  that  ensures  to  the  capital  invested  a  sure  return,  leaves  the  manage- 
ment of  the  business  in  the  hands  of  those  who  have  demonstrated  their  fitness 
to  conduct  it,  and  guarantees  to  every  employe  full  compensation  for  all  his 
labor  and  faithfulness,  and  makes  him  such  a  partner  as  will  render  him 
financially  benefited  by  every  dollar  that  the  concern  earns,  is  to  state  simply 
an  accomplished  fact.  To  make  each  individual  connected  with  a  large  manu- 
facturing establishment  feel  that  he  is  interested  in  its  welfare,  that  he  is  to 
be  helped  by  its  success  or  injured  by  its  failure  ;  that  his  intelligence,  integ- 
rity, and  endeavor  are  necessary  elements  in  the  accomplishment  of  the  work 
that  is  to  be  done,  is  to  make  men  and  women  of  what  is,  in  too  many  instances, 
converted  into  irresponsible  machines.  He  who  makes  the  shop  a  means  of 
moral  and  intellectual  grace  to  those  who  must  do  its  drudgery,  has  done  much 
to  hasten  the  good  time  when  life  shall  be  worth  the  living  in  its  largest  sense. 
It  is  a  significant  fact  and  strictly  characteristic  of  the  man  that  Mr  Cushman 
has  never  been  a  member  of  any  of  the  organizations  formed  by  manufacturers 
to  combat  the  demands  of  operatives. 

The  much  that  Mr  Cushman  has  done  for  himself  indicates  to  some  extent 
what  he  is  doing  for  others.  He  is  never  too  busy  to  help  by  his  presence, 
purse,  and  effort,  the  Sunday  school,  the  literary  club,  the  library  association, 
the  public  schools,  the  social  gathering,  the  temperance  meeting,  and  any  and 
all  agencies  that  help  to  correct  the  evil  and  advance  the  good  in  society.     A 


City  of  Auburn.  687 


room  lined  with  books  does  not  constitute  a  library.  The  blind  reading  of 
every  volume  that  fills  the  shelves  does  not  indicate  a  student.  The  absorp- 
tion of  all  the  facts  found  in  all  these  tomes  does  not  produce  a  scholar.  Mr 
Cushman  has  accumulated  one  of  the  largest  and  best  selected  private  libraries 
in  the  state,  that  he  might  possess  the  garnered  wisdom  of  the  ages;  he  has 
studied  these  volumes  that  he  might  become  imbued  with  the  spirit  that 
inspired  the  great  thinkers,  and  they  are  his  greatest  source  of  pleasure  because 
from  them  he  gathers  that  which  feeds  the  strongest  craving  of  his  nature. 
While  his  vocation  is  making  shoes,  his  avocation  is  the  work  of  the  lover  of 
books.  Firmly  as  he  believes  in  the  dignity  and  usefulness  of  the  former,  yet 
vastly  more  helpful  and  ennobling  does  he  consider  the  latter.  Great  as  has 
been  his  success  in  business,  still  more  marked  are  his  attainments  in  his 
chosen  field.  Extended  as  are  his  interests  in  commercial  circlSs,  yet  more 
potent  has  been  his  influence  in  impelling  those  with  whom  he  is  associated 
to  make  the  most  of  the  best  that  is  in  them.  He  has  demonstrated  that 
absorbing  business  cares  do  not  prevent  or  delay  the  full  development  of  those 
qualities  and  powers  which  characterize  the  man  of  refined  sensibilities  and 
broad  and  rich  intelligence.  His  appreciation  of  the  best  in  literature  is 
manifest  in  the  apt  quotations  that  spring  spontaneously  at  the  slightest 
suggestion,  the  hearty  relish  with  which  he  discusses  his  favorite  authors,  and 
the  wholesome  influence  of  the  great  poets  on  his  estimate  of  life  and  its  work. 
When  3^ears  and  their  hard  experience  fail  to  harden  a  man,  when  the  end  of 
the  third  score  finds  him  mellow  and  believing  that  the  evil  in  life  and  nature 
are  to  be  subdued  and  that  the  good  is  to  reign  supreme,  that  the  soul  and 
mind  are  the  nobler  parts  of  man,  and  that  to  their  training  our  best  thoughts 
and  endeavors  should  be  given,  do  we  realize  that  the  springs  of  such  a  life 
must  be  deeper  than  sordid  desires  and  selfish  hopes.  Some  one  has  said  of 
a  great  journalist  what  applies  with  equal  force  to  Mr  Cushman,  that  whatever 
he  says  is  what  he  thoroughly  believes  and  every  one  feels  behind  what  is  said 
or  done  the  throbbing  of  an  honest  heart,  which  has  room  for  every  good 
cause,  however  unpopular  it  may  be.  He  believes  that  life  is  meant  to  be 
cumulative;  that  we  should  go  on  adding  strength  to  strength,  experience  to 
experience,  service  to  service,  each  succeeding  stage  contributing  its  own 
special  accession  until  old  age  has  become  the  fruitful  harvest  of  October  and 
not  the  bleak  barrenness  of  December. 

At  61  years  of  age,  Mr  Cushman  stands  at  the  helm,  guiding  with  steady 
hand  the  vast  interests  of  a  rapidly-growing  business,  holding  broad  and  well- 
balanced  views  of  life  and  its  varied  and  often  conflicting  duties,  possessing 
the  fine  instincts  of  the  scholar  and  the  rare  qualities  of  the  student,  and  is  so 
filling  his  place  in  the  world  that  his  work  is  a  blessing  and  his  life  an  inspira- 
tion. Mr  Cushman  married,  June  21,  1853,  Julia  W.,  daughter  of  Captain 
Thomas  and  Sally  W.  (Sawyer)  Morse,  of  Gray.      They  have  two  children, 


688  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Charles  L.,  vice-president  and  general  superintendent  of  the  manufacturing 
department  of  the  Ara  Cushman  Company,  and  Ara,  Jr,  who  is  at  present  a 
student  at  Tufts  College.  Mrs  Cushman  is  an  earnest  Christian  lady,  who  fills 
her  place  in  church  and  society  with  grace  and  dignity,  and  she  possesses  those 
qualities  which  render  her  home  happy  and  attractive,  and  joins  Mr  Cushman 
in  dispensing  a  generous  hospitality.  Their  home — a  pleasant  mansion  — 
occupies  one  of  the  finest  sites  in  the  city. 

WILLIAM    WALLACE    STETSON,    PH.D. 

The  progenitor  of,  the  Stetson  family  in  America  was  Robert  Stetson, 
known  as  Cornet  Stetson.  (He  was  a  cornet  of  the  first  light-horse  troops 
raised  in  the  colony.)  Tradition  says  that  he  came  from  Kent  County, 
England.  He  settled  in  Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1634,  and  became  one  of  the 
prominent  and  valued  men  of  the  Plymouth  colony.  He  was  a  deputy  to  the 
General  Court  for  17  years ;  in  1660,  and  for  several  years  after,  he  was 
commissioner  to  act  for  the  country  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  trade  at 
Kennebec;  he  was  a  member  of  the  council  of  war  for  20  years;  in  1667 
he  was  appointed  by  the  colony  to  visit  King  Philip  "in  behalf  of  the  country"; 
in  1668  he  was  commissioned  to  purchase  a  tract  of  land  for  the  use  of  the 
colony.  His  services  were  important,  he  received  many  grants  of  land,  and 
became  a  wealthy  and  extensive  land-holder.  He  died  February  1,  1702  or 
1703,  aged  90.  He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  courage,  and  highly  esteemed. 
He  lived  long  and  left  a  good  name,  and  has  many  descendants,  worthy  scions 
of  such  a  stock.  The  family  in  England  was  granted  a  coat  of  arms  with  the 
motto,  "  Virtus  7whilitat  onmia.'''' 

Professor  William  Wallace  Stetson  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Robert  Stetson 
[see  page  519],  the  line  being  Robert,^  Joseph,^  Robert,^  Robert/  Bacheler,^ 
Turner,*^  Reuben,'^  William  W."  Mr  Stetson  was  born  June  17,  1849,  at  Greene, 
and  passed  his  early  life  on  the  home  farm,  where  he  attended  the  district 
school.  He  completed  his  education  at  Monmouth  Academy  and  the  Edward 
Little  Institute  and  at  Monmouth  College,  Illinois.  He  began  teaching  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  and  has  taught  some  part  of  every  year  since.  He  commenced 
in  the  district  schools  of  Maine,  and  in  1868  went  to  Illinois,  where  he  taught 
in  district,  normal,  and  high  schools,  and  finally  attained  to  the  position  of 
superintendent  of  schools.  While  a  teacher  in  the  high  schools  of  Illinois  he 
fitted  pupils  who  have  taken  honors  at  Cornell,  Harvard,  Evanston,  and  Ann 
Arbor,  in  mathematics,  the  languages,  literature,  and  history.  In  1884  he 
returned  to  Maine,  and  in  March,  1885,  took  charge  of  the  Auburn  schools, 
which  position  he  still  fills.  As  a  superintendent  of  schools  he  enjoys  an 
enviable  reputation  for  executive  ability,  a  broad  grasp  of  what  should  be 
taught,  and  great  fertility  in  devising  methods  of  instruction.  He  is  noted 
for  not  only  being  abreast  of  the  times  on  educational  subjects,  but  as  an 


City  of  Auburn.  689 


explorer  in  new  fields.  His  annual  reports,  in  which  he  has  elaborated  his 
theory  of  education,-  have  received  the  hearty  endorsements  of  leading  edu- 
cators. In  the  line  of  school  work  Mr  Stetson  always  has  been  prominently 
connected  with  educational  associations.  In  Illinois  he  served  as  an  officer  in 
the  Principals'  Association,  and  in  the  State  Teachers'  Association,  and  was 
especially  instrumental  in  founding  the  Northern  Illinois  State  Teachers' 
Association,  and  was  its  president  for  several  terms.  He  is  a  director  in  the 
American  Institute  of  Instruction,  and  in  his  connection  with  the  National 
Teachers'  Association  has  served  on  important  committees.  He  has  been 
actively  connected  with  the  Maine  Pedagogical  Society.  He  was  its  president 
in  1890-91,  when  the  largest  meeting  in  its  history  was  held  at  Waterville. 
He  is  also  an  active  member  and  constant  worker  in  the  County  Institutes  of 
the  state. 

Though  his  school  work  makes  up  a  busy  and  useful  life,  his  more  than 
ordinary  energy  lead  him,  upon  taking  up  his  residence  in  Auburn,  to  ally 
himself  with  every  effort  to  increase  the  prosperity  of  that  city  and  his  efforts 
have  materially  aided  in  the  advancement  of  many  important  organizations. 
He  was  especially  prominent  in  the  founding  of  the  Building  and  Loan  Associa- 
tion, having  charge  of  the  meetings  which  led  to  its  existence,  and  being  made 
one  of  its  first  board  of  directors,  which  office  he  still  holds.  He  is  president 
of  the  Androscoggin  Land  Company,  and  has  been  one  of  its  directors  from  its 
first  organization.  Lie  was  one  of  the  principal  movers  in  the  purchase  of  the 
Leivisfon  Grazefte  and  its  removal  to  Auburn,  and  he  is  a  director  and  the 
treasurer  of  the  Auburn  Gazette  Company.  He  was  one  of  the  corporators 
and  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Androscoggin  Trust  Company  of  Lew- 
iston.  It  was  a  suggestion  made  by  him  to  a  newspaper  reporter  that  kindled 
the  flame  of  enthusias)n  for  a  public  library.  Later,  he  brought  the  subject 
before  the  Board  of  Trade  and  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  on  library,  and  it  is  largely  through  his  persistent  efforts  that 
the  idea  has  become  substantially  realized  and  its  success  assured.  He  was 
one  of  its  corporators  and  was  elected  one  of  the  trustees.  Every  city  owes 
mucli  of  its  prosperity,  activity,  and  progressiveness  to  a  few  wide-awake, 
public-spirited  citizens.  Foremost  among  such  men  in  the  city  of  Auburn 
stands  Mr  Stetson.  He  not  only  in  a  marked  degree  is  public-spirited,  but 
also  possesses  the  abilities  and  push  that  make  him  a  leading  spirit.  His  readi- 
ness to  undertake  and  carry  out  enterprises  of  which  he  sees  the  value  and  his 
systematic  business  methods  constitute  the  genius  for  organization  which  he 
has  so  clearly  shown  in  his  work  in  Auburn. 

In  his  chosen  vocation  of  teaching  he  is  eminently  successful.  His  knowl- 
edge of  the  characters  of  his  pupils,  his  tact  in  managing  them,  his  sympathy 
with  their  innocent  and  mischievous  pranks,  and  his  readiness  to  forgive  any 
infraction  of  the  rules  not  dictated  by  intentional  disrespect  and  malice,  endear 


690  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


him  to  his  scholars  and  make  them  willing  to  work  with  redoubled  vigor  to 
gain  his  approbation.  In  the  recitation  room  the  interest  he  takes  in  the 
progress  of  the  class,  his  varied  knowledge  and  clearness  of  explanation  make 
him  remarkably  successful  in  stimulating  the  faculties  of  even  the  dullest 
student.  Possessed  of  intense  patriotism  himself,  he  tries  especially  to  arouse 
that  feeling  in  his  scholars;  to  what  degree  he  has  succeeded  may  be  judged 
by  the  significant  fact  that  the  national  flag  waving  above  the  Webster  school 
building  in  Auburn  was  purchased  by  the  pupils,  and  was  the  first  flag  to  float 
over  a  school  building  in  New  England.  He  was  the  first,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  enthusiastic  members  of  the  "Honorary  Reserves,"  and  is  always 
ready  to  use  his  time,  talent,  and  means  to  promote  its  welfare. 

Mr  Stetson  is  a  writer  and  public  speaker.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
to  educational  publications  and  has  been  chosen  lecturer  before  the  Chau- 
tauqua Assembly  at  Fryeburg.  His  writing  is  characterized  by  his  ability  to 
grasp  a  subject  with  ease,  to  express  his  ideas  with  clearness,  yet  in  a  terse  and 
striking  manner,  while  a  fine  presence  and  a  magnetic  voice  add  much  to 
his  delivery.  In  speaking  without  notes  he  is  more  apt  to  be  brief  and 
pungent  than  in  his  more  carefully  prepared  speeches.  He  is  a  constant  stu- 
dent of  history,  philosophy,  and  literature,  and  to  these  subjects  he  has 
devoted  the  most  of  a  fine  private  library.  From  his  interest  in  these  branches 
he  has  always  made  it  a  point  to  belong  to  a  history  and  a  literary  club,  and  he 
has  formed  several  of  these  organizations.  He  also  organized  the  two  largest 
Chautauqua  clubs  in  Maine,  and  is  one  of  the  officers  of  the  Maine  Chautauqua 
Union.  He  was  appointed  by  Bishop  Vincent  the  first  General  Councilor 
of  the  Maine  Chautauqua  Teachers'  Reading  Union,  a  department  of  Chau- 
tauqua with  which  he  has  been  actively  identified  from  its  organization  as 
a  section  of  the  Chautauqua  University.  In  belief  Mr  Stetson  is  a  Congrega- 
tionalist.  He  is  a  man  of  strong  personality,  warm  heart,  and  generous 
impulses,  and  out  of  the  strength  of  his  own  manhood  impresses  himself  on 
those  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact.  His  home  on  Minot  avenue  is  one  of 
the  notable  residences  of  the  city,  and  is  surrounded  by  handsome  and  well- 
kept  grounds.  Mr  Stetson  married,  July  4,  1871,  Miss  R.  Jennie  Killough,  of 
Morning  Sun,  Iowa.  Mrs  Stetson  is  a  lady  of  education  and  refinement  and 
active  in  literary  and  philanthropic  work. 


City  of  Auburn.  690  a 


HON.  A.    M.    PENLEY. 

Albert  31an('hester  Penlei/,  son  of  Captain  John  and  Julia  (Wagg)  Penley, 
was  born  in  Danville,  July  22,  1847.  He  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  oldest 
families  of  Danville  (see  page  714),  and  is  fourth  of  the  five  children  of  his 
parents  and  the  seventeenth  child  of  his  father.  His  brother  and  sisters  are 
Louisa  V.  m.  Asa  Garcelon,  Hattie  E.  m.  S.  T.  Davis,  Caroline  M.  ra.  J.  W. 
Peables,  and  Winfield  S.  The  strong  physique  inherited  by  Mr  Penley  from  a 
hardy  ancestry  was  strengthened  by  active  life  on  the  home  farm  until  he  was 
25  years  of  age,  except  the  time  passed  in  attending  Edward  Little  Institute 
and  Maine  State  Seminary,  where  he  was  educated.  After  his  school  life,  he 
taught  two  years,  then  carried  on  the  farm  until  January  1,  1874,  when  he 
purchased  the  intei'est  of  L.  F.  Chase  in  the  mercantile  house  of  Chase  & 
Peables  and  formed  the  firm  of  Peables  &  Penley,  which  continued  until  Mr 
Penley  retired,  January  1, 1883.  The  next  September  he  began  merchandising 
in  liis  own  name  at  98  Main  street,  where  he  is  now  in  trade.  Mr  Penley  has 
been  a  director  of  the  Auburn  Foundrj^  Co.  from  1883,  and  its  president  since 
September,  1890,  a  director  of  Auburn  Loan  and  Building  Association  since 
its  organization,  a  director  and  the  treasurer  of  Androscoggin  Land  Associa- 
tion since  its  formation  in  1887,  a  director  of  the  Auburn  &  Lewiston  Railroad 
since  1887,  and  a  director  and  the  president  of  the  Penley  Cemetery  Corpora- 
tion, organized  in  1889. 

Mr  Penley  is  an  ardent  Republican,  and  has  been  honored  with  many 
official  positions.  He  was  warden  of  ward  4  of  Auburn  from  1872  to  1874,  in 
1880  and  1882  was  chosen  member  of  the  common  council,  in  1884  was  elected 
alderman,  and  was  elected  mayor  in  1887  and  re-elected  in  1888.  Li  1883  he 
was  chosen  member  of  the  Republican  city  committee  and  was  its  chairman  in 
the  important  campaign  of  1884.  From  1883  to  1885  he  was  overseer  of  the 
poor,  and  in  1889  was  chosen  to  fill  a  vacanc}^  in  that  office  until  1891,  when 
he  was  elected  for  three  years.  In  1890  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  superintend- 
ing school  committee  of  Auburn,  and  also  one  of  its  representatives  to  the 
legislature.    He  has  ever  been  a  popular  candidate,  polling  complimentary  votes. 

Mr  Penley  is  prominently  connected  with  brotherhood  associations;  is  a 
Knight  of  Pythias;  a  Knight  of  Honor  since  1877,  he  was  grand  dictator  of 
the  order  in  Maine  in  1885,  and  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Lodge  in  1886  and 
1887.  He  joined  Tranquil  Lodge  of  Free  Masons  in  1873;  in  1874  King 
Hiram  Chapter,  Dunlap  Council,  and  Lewiston  Commandery ;  in  1880  Lewiston 
Lodge  of  Perfection;  in  1881  Portland  Council  of  Princes  of  Jerusalem, 
Dunlap  Chapter  Rose  Croix,  and  Maine  Consistory,  S.  P.  R.  C;  in  1888 
received  the  33d  and  highest  degree  in  Masonry,  creating  him  sovereign  grand 
inspector-general  of  the  Northern  Masonic  Jurisdiction.  In  1875  he  assisted 
in  organizing  Ancient  Brothers  Lodge,  and  was  its  master  from  1876  to  1878. 


690  b  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


He  was  high  priest  of  Bradford  Chapter  in  1878-9,  thrice  illustrious  master  of 
Dunlap  Council  from  1880  to  1882,  commander  of  Lewiston  Commandery  from 
1882  to  1884,  and  thrice  potent  grand  master  of  Lewiston  Lodge  of  Perfection 
from  1887  to  1889. 

Mr  Pauley  married  at  Deering,  October  18,  1875,  Georgia  A.,  daughter  of 
Jonathan  and  Mary  (Fickett)  Pennell,  of  that  town.  Children:  Georgia 
Maryett,  John  Albert,  Julia  Lida.  He  has  always  resided  in  "Old  Danville," 
and  in  1890  built  one  of  the  handsome  residences  of  Auburn,  on  the  corner  of 
Main  and  Elm  streets.  Mr  Penley  possesses  a  combination  of  business  quali- 
ties to  bring  success;  he  is  quick  in  adapting  himself  to  circumstances  and 
makes  decisions  rapidly,  but  has  a  conservative  caution  that  stands  him  in  good 
stead;  he  is  public  spirited,  and  in  everything  to  promote  the  interests  of 
Auburn  or  the  public  he  is  a  generous  giver ;  he  has  a  large  circle  of  friends 
and  the  power  of  keeping  them,  and  is  deservedly  popular  among  the  people. 


Town  of  Danville.  691 


DANVILLE. 

By  George  Thomas  Little. 


b 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

Municipal  Affairs— Civil  List  —  Settlement  and  Social  Life,  Etc.  —  Matters  Ecclesiastical. 

THE  town  known  for  half  a  century  as  Danville  was  included  in  the  lands 
deeded  in  1684  to  Richard  Wharton  by  Warumbo  and  five  other  Indian 
sachems,  and  in  1714  conveyed  by  his  administrator  to  the  Pejepscot 
proprietors.  The  consideration  for  which  the  Indian  chieftains  sold  this  large 
tract,  extending  from  the  "uppermost  part  of  the  Androscoggin  falls  four 
miles  Westward  and  so  down  to  Maquoit,"  was  a  "  valuable  sum  received  from 
sd  Wharton  in  merchandise."  If  they  were  cheated,  they  had  ample  vengeance 
in  the  prolonged  litigation  which  the  bounds  of  the  grant  caused  the  successors 
to  the  title.  The  final  decision  as  to  exactly  what  land  belonged  to  the 
Pejepscot  proprietors  was  not  reached  until  1814,  just  a  century  after  they  took 
possession.  Meantime,  out  of  the  northwest  corner  of  their  domain,  the  town- 
ship of  Pejepscot,  often  spelled  Pegypscot,  had  been  duly  incorporated  by  the 
legislature  of  Massachusetts  on  the  6th  of  March,  1802.  The  newly-formed 
town  was  made  up  of  the  "Pejepscot  claim,"  which  was  bounded  on  the  east 
by  the  Androscoggin,  and  lay  between  Durham,  incorporated  a  dozen  years 
before,  on  the  south,  and  Minot,  made  a  town  the  preceding  month,  on  the 
north ;  and  of  Little's  Gore,  a  strip  of  land,  sold  to  Col.  Moses  Little  by  the 
Commonwealth  several  years  before,  and  lying  between  the  "claim"  and  New 
Gloucester. 

In  1819  the  General  Court,  on  petition  of  the  inhabitants,  changed  the 
name  of  the  town  to  Danville.  This  abandonment  of  an  Indian  name  for  an 
English  one  of  no  especial  appropriateness  is  not  in  accord  with  the  sentiment 
of  the  present  day.  Its  explanation  may,  perhaps,  be  found  in  the  general 
dislike  shown  by  the  neighboring  towns  of  the  names  they  had  borne  before 
their  incorporation  or  during  the  few  years  succeeding  that  event.  With  few 
exceptions  they  were  named  in  honor  of  some  prominent  land  proprietor  and 
the  change  of  ownership  or  the  clash  of  diverse  interests  sure  to  arise  in  the 
lapse  of  time,  naturally  led  to  dissatisfaction  with  the  old  name.  It  is  not 
necessary  to  go  outside  of  Androscoggin  county  to  find  examples.  Lisbon 
was  first  Thompsonborough;  Durham,  Royalsborough;  Poland,  Bakerstown; 
Leeds,  Littleborough.  In  these  cases  the  change  can  be  defended  on  the 
ground  of  the  shorter  name  thus  gained.      But  it  seems  unfortunate  that  so 


692  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

distinctive  an  appellation  as  Pejepscot  should  have  been  surrendered  to  increase 
the  number  of  Danvilles,  of  which  there  were  already  five  in  the  United 
States.  Of  these,  the  shire-town  of  Caledonia  county,  Vermont,  was  the 
largest  and  may  have  suggested  the  name.  How  little  thought  was  given  to 
the  selection  of  a  new  name  is  incidentally  shown  by  the  fact  that  the  citizens 
first  voted  for  Oxford  and  then  at  the  same  meeting  reconsidered  their  action 
and  took  Danville. 

The  municipal  records  of  the  early  period  of  the  town's  history  relate 
largely  to  the  making  of  highways.  At  the  first  meeting,  which  was  held 
April  12,  1802,  in  a  school-liouse  near  Danville  Corner,  Captain  Finson,  Squire 
Giddinge,  and  Solomon  Larrabee  were  appointed  a  committee  to  lay  out  town 
roads.  In  August  they  reported  six,  each  of  considerable  length,  which  were 
adopted,  wiiile  the  following  year  as  many  more  were  accepted.  Guide-posts 
were  promptly  erected  at  several  of  the  angles  made  by  these  and  the  pre- 
viously existing  county  highways.  This  regard  for  sign-boards,  a  characteristic 
of  the  generation,  was  not  always  equaled  by  a  knowledge  of  orthography  on 
the  part  of  those  who  painted  them.  Tradition  maintains  that  one  in  a 
neighboring  town  bore  for  many  years  the  legend  "  Pepsquirt  5  miles."  In  the 
building  and  repair  of  these  roads  home  labor  was  patronized.  The  average 
annual  cost  was  $1,000,  and  each  man  worked  out  his  road  tax,  receiving  a 
dollar  a  day  for  his  own  services,  G7  cents  for  th.e  use  of  a  yoke  of  oxen,  50 
cents  for  a  plough,  and  34  for  a  cart.  The  charge  for  a  plough  apparently 
indicates  a  scarcity  of  those  implements.  At  such  rates  most  farmers  of  to-da}'' 
would  commute  the  labor  of  their  hands  for  that  of  their  ploughs.  A 
committee,  consisting  in  1809  of  Captain  Smith  and  Lieutenant  Frost,  was 
occasionally  chosen  to  determine  whether  a  man  did  an  honest  day's  work. 
More  burdensome  than  the  roads,  however,  were  the  bridges.  After  a  vain 
attempt  in  1805  to  have  the  county  discontinue  a  road  across  the  Little 
Androscoggin  near  its  mouth,  the  town  built  in  the  following  winter  a  wooden 
bridge  near  the  site  of  the  present  iron  structure,  at  a  cost  of  about  iSOO. 
The  work  was  not  apparently  well  done,  for  a  few  years  later  it  was  carried 
away.  In  1810  a  new  bridge  was  built  by  Job  Lane,  at  a  cost  of  |!l,143,  and 
the  selectmen  were  instructed  to  make  provision  that  it  be  not  injured  in 
future  freshets.  It  is  believed  that  this  second  bridge  stood  till  about  1852, 
when  it  was  replaced  by  the  covered  bridge  familiar  to  old  residents.  Mean- 
while a  bridge  had  been  built  over  Royal's  river  on  the  other  side  of  the  town, 
and,  though  the  stream  was  not  so  large,  the  structure,  including  unusually  heavy 
land  damages,  was  quite  expensive.  It  is  not  strange,  tlierefore,  that  the  town, 
which  had  previously  in  1808  petitioned  the  General  Court  to  be  allowed  to 
work  out  the  state  tax  on  the  roads  witliin  its  borders,  should  request  in  1817 
an  abatement  for  three  years  of  the  state  tax,  and,  this  apparently  not  having 
been  granted,  should  ask  the  following  year  for  similar  relief. 


Town  of  Danville.  693 


In  the  movement  which  was  intermittently  carried  on  for  more  than  a  score 
of  years  to  secure  the  separation  of  Maine  from  Massachusetts,  the  citizens  of 
Pejepscot  took  a  rather  languid  interest,  if  we  may  judge  by  the  number  of 
them  who  came  out  to  vote  on  this  question.  In  1807  no  votes  were  thrown 
in  favor  of  separation.  On  one  occasion  only  30  votes  were  cast,  on  another 
67.  In  nearly  every  case  a  large  majority  were  against  separation.  The 
decisive  vote,  however,  on  July  26,  1819,  resulted  in  a  victory  for  the  separa- 
tionists,  who  cast  52  ballots  to  their  opponents'  34.  Elder  Joseph  Roberts  was 
chosen  delegate  to  the  constitutional  convention.  The  labors  of  that  body 
met  with  the  decided  approval  in  Danville  and  a  unanimous  vote  was  given  for 
the  adoption  of  the  constitution.  In  this  connection  may  be  recorded  a  curious 
defiance  of  state  legislation.  On  April  6,  1817,  the  town  voted  that  "the  law 
passed  by  the  General  Court  at  its  last  session  respecting  the  killing  of  certain 
birds  be  suspended  as  to  its  operation  in  this  town  for.  the  ensuing  year." 

The  citizens  of  Pejepscot  first  took  part  in  national  affairs  in  1808,  when 
they  voted  that  a  petition  signed  by  their  selectmen  should  be  sent  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  asking  for  a  suspension  of  the  embargo.  The 
following  year  they  petitioned  the  General  Court  "to  do  their  Best  endeavours 
to  save  this  State  from  impending  Ruin  and  Destruction."  Squire  Giddinge 
writes  in  his  diary:  "The  curse  of  non-intercourse  and  embargo  measures  are 
felt  in  every  family  and  continue  in  prospect  with  other  calamities.  May  God 
in  his  mercy  cause  what  is  best  to  take  place."  Party  spirit  ran  high.  The 
Squire,  who  was  a  stanch  Federalist,  writes  under  date  of  March  4,1810: 
"Begins  the  tenth  year  of  the  Curse  of  Democracy.  One  year  of  Madisonism 
past  with  accumulating  misery  to  the  United  States  of  America."  The  town 
was  quite  evenly  divided  between  the  two  parties  and  in  1812  the  Democrats 
elected  their  candidate  to  the  General  Court  by  a  majority  of  six,  and  voted  a 
few  months  later  that  "  the  town  approved  of  the  present  war."  The  citizens 
were  again,  and  this  time  agreeably  reminded  of  national  affairs  on  April  4, 
1837,  when  they  chose  Jonathan  Chase  their  agent  to  receive  their  part  of  the 
money  apportioned  by  the  Ignited  States  to  the  state  of  Maine,  and  voted  to 
loan  this,  presumably  in  small  amounts,  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  town.  This 
division  of  the  surjilus  in  the  national  treasury  brought  to  Maine  nearly 
11,000,000,  and  to  Danville  82,600.  Several  of  the  states  kept  their  share  for 
a  school  fund,  but  the  Maine  towns  as  a  rule  distributed  it  among  their 
inhabitants,  who  received  upon  an  average  between  two  and  three  dollars.  In 
the  last  decade  of  the  town's  history  it  was  called  upon  to  assume  its  share  in 
the  burdens  of  the  Civil  War.  The  story  of  the  brave  men  it  sent  forth,  many 
of  them  never  to  return,  is  told  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Merely  their 
number,  148,  and  brief  minutes  of  the  municipal  action  are  recorded  here. 

June  7,  ""SeS,  the  town  voted  $200  for  aid  of  families  of  volunteers.  July  24,  1862, 
$2,100  was  voted  for  bounties  to  volunteers.     August  23,  1862,  it  was  voted  to  raise,  by  loan, 


694  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

$4,350,  to  fill  the  Danville  quota  of  29  men,  last  called  by  the  President.  June  22,  1863,  it 
was  voted  to  pay  each  man  who  was  drafted,  $300,  to  enable  him  to  procure  a  substitute. 
November  30,  1863,  it  was  decided  to  offer  $350  to  each  volunteer.  November  15,  1864, 
$500  was  offered  each  volunteer  for  three  years' service,  who  should  be  credited  to  the  quota 
of  the  town.     About  $5,000  in  town  bonds  were  issued  to  pay  commutations. 

The  project  of  a  new  county  was  broached  over  20  years  before  it  was 
realized.  The  inhabitants  of  Danville,  then  a  part  of  the  populous  county  of 
Cumberland,  had  no  sympathy  with  the  movement.  In  February  of  1834  they 
sent  Edward  Little,  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  and  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll  to 
Augusta  to  oppose  legislation  looking  in  that  direction,  and  in  September  of 
that  year  voted,  183  to  1,  against  its  formation.  Similar  action  was  taken  five 
years  later  in  the  meeting  referred  to  in  the  following  characteristic  entry  in 
Squire  Giddinge's  diary :  "  1839,  Jan.  25th.  There  is  no  school  tomorrow,  a 
town  meeting  being  warned  to  meet  in  the  school-house  to  remonstrate  against 
the  town's  being  put  into  a  new  county,  now  prayed  for,  to  put  up  Brunswick 
and  Topsham,  to  increase  patronage,  have  a  new  court  House  to  build,  a  new 
set  of  County  Officers  to  support,  after  having  been  taxed  to  build  a  jail  and 
fireproof  Court  House  in  Cumberland.  A  hard  lot !  "  Town  meetings  had 
been  almost  invariably  held  at  Danville  Corner.  With  the  growth  of  the 
village  at  Goff's  Corner,  this  arrangement  became  exceedingly  inconvenient  to 
large  minority  of  the  voters.  In  1845  the  town  voted  to  acce[)t  the  proposition 
made  by  Edward  Little,  "to  build  a  town  house  free  from  any  expense  to  the 
town,  to  be  occupied  as  long  as  the  town  deemed  proper  and  no  longer  and  to 
be  located  within  40  rods  of  the  bridge  near  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Andros- 
coggin River."  The  following  year  it  was  decided  to  hold  future  meetings  at 
this  new  town  house.  The  structure  is  still  in  existence,  stands  near  the  corner 
of  Pulsifer  and  Second  streets,  and  has  for  many  years  been  used  as  a  tenement 
house.  The  difficulty  still  remained.  The  other  part  of  the  town  was 
now  inconvenienced.  In  1848  it  was  voted  to  build  a  1300  town  house  near 
Capt.  John  Walker's,  but  it  was  subsequently  agreed  to  place  it  at  Danville 
Corner,  which  thus  continued  the  capital,  so  to  speak,  of  the  municipality  till 
the  end. 

The  records  show  that  the  selectmen,  in  accordance  with  the  law  of  the 
Commonwealth,  perambulated  the  limits  of  the  town  from  time  to  time.  This 
did  not,  however,  prevent  a  long  dispute  with  Durham  as  to  the  boundary 
line,  due,  primarily,  to  careless  running  of  the  original  bounds,  and  finally 
settled  in  1811)  by  a  commission  composed  of  Archelaus  Lewis,  Alexander 
Greenwood,  and  Aaron  Dwinal.  The  first  defection  from  the  town  was  the 
setting  off,  in  1821,  of  Benjamin  Hunnewell  and  his  estate  to  Durham.  Two 
years  later  the  same  was  done  with  the  homestead  farm  of  Nathaniel  Larrabee. 
These  farms  were  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  town  and  caused  the  notch 
in  the  southern  boundary  of  the  city  of  Auburn.     The  next  change  increased 


Town  of  Danville.  •  695 


the  size  of  the  town.  March  9,  1852,  the  town  chose  Thomas  B.  Little,  Esq., 
and  Capt.  John  Penley  to  oppose  the  setting  off  of  a  portion  of  Pohind.  The 
remonstrance  was  in  vain,  and  by  enactment  of  the  legislature  a  strip  of  land, 
lying  between  New  Gloucester  and  the  Little  Androscoggin,  was  added  to 
Danville.  This  action  apparently  aroused  apprehension  among  the  citizens 
lest  some  desirable  portions  of  their  domain  should  be  taken  away,  for  a  month 
later,  by  an  almost  unanimous  vote,  it  was  decided  to  oppose  the  annexation 
of  any  part  of  Danville  or  of  Auburn  to  Lewiston.  Their  opposition  was  for 
the  time  successful.  Seven  years  later,  however,  came  the  action  which  clearly 
predicted,  though  it  temporarily  postponed,  the  disappearance  of  the  town  as  a 
separate  municipality.  The  territory  lying  between  the  Little  Androscoggin 
and  the  southeasterly  line  of  Auburn  was  annexed  to  the  latter.  This  took 
away  80  polls  and  1144,000  in  estates,  the  total  valuation  being  1392,000. 
This  act  of  the  legislature,  bearing  date  of  February  19,  1859,  contained  a 
provision  that  the  entire  town  should  be  annexed  did  a  majority  of  the  voters 
favor.  The  proposition  was  lost  b}^  a  vote  of  182  against  to  74  in  favor.  The 
subject  of  annexation  again  and  for  the  last  time  came  before  the  legislature 
of  1867.  In  January  the  town  voted  "to  send  N.  L.  Ingersoll,  Charles  H. 
Cobb,  Jeremiah  Stinchfield,  Rufus  Penle3%  Albert  Jordan,  Isaac  Murry, 
Francis  J.  Knapp,  and  Leonard  Hicks  to  visit  the  legislature  and  use  all  fair 
and  honorable  means  to  oppose  the  petition  of  Capt.  John  Penley  and 
others  for  the  annexation  of  Danville  to  Auburn."  In  February  an  act  was 
passed,  uniting  the  two  towns,  provided  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  at  special 
town  meetings  in  both  towns,  counted  together,  were  in  the  affirmative.  Those 
interested  in  the  movement  seemed  distrustful  of  their  ability  to  secure  the 
requisite  number  of  votes,  and  one  week  later,  on  February  26,  1867,  was 
approved  the  act  which  joined  Danville  to  Auburn  against  the  will  of  a 
majority  of  its  inhabitants.  This  section  on  the  municipal  affairs  may  properly 
close  with  the  following  list  of  those  who  served  as  selectmen  and  town  clerks. 
[For  representatives  to  the  legislature  see  page  300.] 

Civil  List.  — 1802  —  True  Woodbury,  Benning  Wentworth,  EbenezerWitham,  selectmen;  Benning 
Wen tworth,  clerk.  1803  —  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  Benning  Wentworth,  Benjamin  Arnold,  selectmen; 
Benning  Wentworth,  clerk.  180i  —  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  Benning  Wentworth,  John  W.  Jordan, 
selectmen;  Benning  Wentworth,  clerk.  1805  —  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  Job  Lane,  Benning  Wentworth, 
selectmen;  Benning  Wentworth,  clerk.  1806  — Phinehas  Frost,  George  Leach,  Benjamin  Arnold, 
selectmen;  Benning  Wentworth,  clerk.  1807  —  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  Lemuel  Dyer,  Phinehas  Frost, 
selectmen;  Benning  Wentworth,  clerk.  1808  —  Benning  Wentworth,  Stephen  Rowe,  John  Witham, 
selectmen;  Benning  'Wentworth,  clerk.  1809  — John  Witham,  Lemuel  Dyer,  John  W.  Jordan,  select- 
men; John  AVitham,  clerk.  1810 — John  Witham,  Pelatiah  Smith,  Thomas  Finson,  selectmen;  John 
Witham,  clerk.  1811  —  John  Witham,  Pelatiah  Smith,  Jacob  True,  selectman;  John  Witham,  clerk. 
1812  —  Pelatiah  Smith,  Moses  Rowe,  Thomas  Finson,  selectmen;  Moses  Rowe,  clerk.  1813  —  John 
Witham,  Pelatiah  Smith,  Moses  Rowe,  selectmen;  John  Witham,  clerk.  1814  —  John  Witham,  Jacob 
True,  George  Leach,  selectmen;  John  Witham,  clerk.  181.5  —  John  Witham,  Jacob  True,  Pelatiah 
Smith,  selectmen;  John  AVitham,  clerk.  1810-1817  —  Elias  Banks,  John  W.  Jordan,  William  Plummer, 
selectmen;  Elias  Banks,  clerk.  1818  —  Elias  Banks,  John  W.  Jordan,  Pelatiah  Smith,  selectmen; 
Elias  Banks,  clerk.     1819  —  John  W.  Jordan,   Ebenezer   Witham,   Jr,    George  Leach,    selectmen; 


696  •  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr,  clerk.  1820-1821  — Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr,  Nathaniel  Sturgis,  John  W.  Jordan, 
selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr,  clerk.  1822-1823  — Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr,  Jeremiah  Diugley,  Moses 
Rowe,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr,  clerk.  1824  — Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  Nathaniel  L.  lugersoll, 
Jeremiah  Dingley,  selectmen;  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  clerk.  1825  — Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr,  Jeremiah 
Dingley,  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  selectmen;  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  clerk.  182(5  — Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr, 
Jeremiah  Dingley,  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  Jr,  clerk.  1827  — Ebenezer 
Witham,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Stephen  Rowe,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  1828 — Ebenezer 
Witham,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  William  Woodbury,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  1829  — Ebenezer 
Witham,  William  Woodbury,  James  Goff,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  1830  —  Ebenezer 
Witham,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Stephen  Larrabee,  2d,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  1831  — 
Ebenezer  Witham,  William  Woodbury,  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk. 
1832  — James  Goff,  Jonathan  Libby,  George  Royal,  selectmen;  John  R.  Nutting,  clerk.  1833  —  George 
Royal,  Jonathan  Libby,  Foster  Smith,  selectmen;  George  Royal,  clerk.  1835  —  John  Smith,  Jonathan 
Chase,  Solomon  Goss,  selectmen;  JohnR.  Nutting,  clerk.  1834-1836  —  John  Smith,  Jonathan  Chase, 
Solomon  Goss,  selectmen;  John  Smith,  clerk.  18.37  —  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  Moses  Hanscom,  John 
Penley,  selectmen;  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  clerk.  1838 — Benjamin  Waterhouse,  Moses  Hanscom, 
Jonathan  Libby,  selectmen;  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  clerk.  1839-1840  — George  Royal,  Nathaniel  L. 
Ingersoll,  John  Penley,  selectmen;  George  Royal,  clerk.  1841  —  Solomon  Go.ss,  Jonathan  Libby, 
Samuel  Stinchfield,  selectmen;  Solomon  Goss,  clerk.  1842  — Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  George  Royal, 
John  Penley,  selectmen;  George  Royal,  clerk.  1843  —  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  James  Dingley,  Charles 
Peables,  .selectmen;  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  clerk.  1844-1845  —  Ebenezer  Witham,  Nathaniel  L. 
Ingersoll,  Charles  Peables,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  184()—  Ebenezer  Witham,  Nathaniel 
L.  Ingersoll,  William  Woodbury,  selectmen ;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  1847  —  Edward T.  Little,  Joseph 
Parsons,  James  Dingley,  selectmen:  Edward  T.  Little,  clerk.  1848  — Edward  T.  Little,  Ebenezer 
Witham,  James  Dingley,  .selectmen;  Edward  T.  Little,  clerk.  1849 —Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  Jonah 
Libby,  George  W.  Chase,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  1850-1851-1852-1853  — Nathaniel  L. 
Ingersoll,  Ebenezer  Witham,  Jacob  Herrick,  selectmen;  Ebenezer  Witham,  clerk.  1854  —  Edward  T. 
Little,  Calvin  G.  Skinner,  Calvin  Record,  selectmen;  Calvin  G.  Skinner,  clerk.  1855  —  Calvin  Record, 
Calvin  G.  Skinner,  Samuel  H.  Haskell,  selectmen;  Calvin  G.  Skinner,  clerk.  1856  —  Nathaniel  L. 
Ingersoll,  Jacob  Herrick,  Robert  Martin,  selectmen;  Jacob  Herrick,  clerk.  1857  —  Jacob  Herrick, 
Calvin  G.  Skinner,  Daniel  Field,  selectmen;  Jacob  Herrick,  clerk.  1858  —  Calvin  G.  Skinner,  Daniel 
Field,  John  Smith,  Jr,  selectmen;  I.  B.  Kimball,  clerk.  1859  —  Calvin  G.  Skinner,  John  Smith,  Jr, 
Eben  Jordan,  Jr,  selectmen;  Eben  Jordan,  Jr,  clerk.  1860 — William  Woodbury,  Isaac  Murray, 
Wiuslow  Hicks,  selectmen;  John  H.  Ingersoll,  clerk.  1861  —  William  Woodbury,  William  Woodbury, 
2d,  Charles  H.  Cobb,  selectmen;  Oliver  C.  Waterman,  clerk.  1862  —  Eben  Jordan,  Jr,  Jacob  Larrabee, 
William  Robinson,  selectmen;  Oliver  C.  Waterman,  clerk.  1863  —  Charles  H.  Cobb,  John  H. 
Ingersoll,  WilliaiQ  Plummer,  selectmen;  Oliver  C.  Waterman,  clerk.  1864  —  John  H.  Ingersoll, 
Charles  O.  Martin,  William  Plummer,  selectmen;  Oliver  C.  Waterman,  clerk.  1865-1866  —  Rufus 
Penley,  Charles  O.  Martin,  Isaac  A.  Johnson,  selectmen;  James  W.  Peables,  clerk. 

Settlement  and  Social  Life.  —  The  first  settler,  according  to  Dr  Elias 
Banks,  was  Abel  Davis,  who  came  from  Salisbury,  Mass.,  in  1762  and  cleared 
a  farm  near  the  New  Gloucester  line.  The  settlement  of  the  town  did  not  really 
begin  till  the  last  half  of  the  following  decade.  John  Merrill  settled  in  the 
westerly  part  in  1778,  True  Woodbury  a  few  years  later,  and  James  Wagg  was 
living  in  1780  on  the  farm  on  the  River  road  still  occupied  by  his  descendants. 
These  and  those  that  followed  them  in  the  next  few  years  lived  in  log  cabins 
and  suffered  the  hardships  incident  to  transforming  the  forest  into  farms. 
Ploughs  could  not  be  used  by  reason  of  stumps  and  logs.  The  implement  most 
frequently  employed  was  a  rude  hoe  of  great  weight  made  by  the  nearest 
blacksmith.  They  had  no  carts.  Manure  when  used  was  handled  with  wooden 
shovels  and  carried  to  the  fields  in  hods.  Hay  and  other  crops  were  dragged 
to  the  barns  on  ox-sleds  or  else  "  poled  in  "  by  hand.     Their  heavy  scythes 


Town  of  Danville.  697 


were  fastened  to  straight  sticks  or  perhaps  to  a  crooked  alder  cut  in  the  swamp. 
Indian  corn,  the  staple  of  their  food,  was  sown  according  to  a  method  brought 
into  vogue  by  Colonel  Isaac  Parsons,  of  New  Gloucester,  directly  upon  the 
new  land  after  it  had  been  cleared  and  burned  over,  and  was  allowed  to  grow 
without  being  hilled.  This  rude  form  of  husbandry  enabled  them  to  live  at 
distances  from  traveled  roads  that  would  otherwise  have  been  impracticable. 
The  flesh  of  the  deer  and  moose,  then  abundant  in  the  region,  furnished  them 
with  meat ;  the  hides  supplied  material  for  boots,  leggings,  caps,  and  jackets. 
Other  wild  beasts  of  a  less  desirable  character  were  not  uncommon.  As  late 
as  1833  Amos  and  Andrew  Giddinge  and  a  Mr  Emerson  killed  a  bear  weighing 
200  pounds  in  the  woods  near  Danville  Corner.  Within  doors  life  was  as  plain 
as  it  well  could  be.  Variety  of  food  in  the  present  sense  of  the  term  was  not 
within  the  reach  of  the  most  wealthy.  The  poor  lived  on  bean  porridge,  ban- 
nocks, and  salt  pork.  The  first  was  made  "by  boiling  the  beans  very  soft, 
thickening  the  liquor  with  a  little  meal,  and  adding  a  piece  of  pork  to  season  it. 
When  the  good  man  was  going  away  in  the  winter  to  work  with  his  team,  the 
wife  would  make  a  bean  porridge,  freeze  it  with  a  string  in  it  so  he  could  hang 
it  on  one  of  the  sled  stakes.  When  he  was  hungry  he  would  break  off  a  piece, 
melt  and  eat  it."  They  had  no  table  cloths,  knives  or  forks,  cups  or  saucers. 
Wooden  bowls  and  wooden  spoons  were,  beside  those  furnished  by  nature,  the 
utensils  employed  in  eating.  Settles  were  used  in  place  of  chairs,  and  for  the 
family  to  sit  together  at  the  board  that  served  as  a  table  was  the  exception 
rather  than  the  rule. 

With  the  increase  of  po[)ulation  all  this  changed  rapidly.  By  1800,  county 
roads  crossed  and  recrossed  the  town,  frame  houses  had  been  erected,  and  the 
general  material  prosperity  had  brought  a  more  comfortable  mode  of  living. 
A  social  library  was  organized  which  had  40  volumes  in  1820.  Squire  Gid- 
dinge and  Job  Lane,  who  had  built  commodious  houses  at  Danville  Corner, 
had  the  Portland  Gazette  brought  them  each  week.  In  1802  or  1803  a  post- 
offlce  was  established  there  and  25  years  later  another  at  Goff's  Corner. 
Many  old-time  customs,  however,  continued  for  at  least  a  generation  longer. 
Burying-cloths,  owned  by  the  town,  were  employed  at  funerals  in  place  of  a 
hearse.  Shoes  and  boots  were  not  bought,  but  made  by  the  cobbler,  who  would 
often  spend  a  week  at  a  house  working  up  a  side  of  leather  into  footwear. 
Most  of  the  cloth  worn  was  home-made.  Each  farmer  raised  flax  and  wool  for 
this  purpose  almost  as  regularly  as  he  cured  hay  for  his  cattle.  Under  date  of 
January  5,  1831,  Squire  Giddinge  writes  in  his  diary:  "Amused  myself  in 
making  matches  to  light  candles  with  as  our  folk  can  not  blow  a  coal  without 
murmuring."  A  year  or  two  later  he  says  —  and  it  should  be  remembered  he 
was  both  well  educated  and  in  comfortable  circumstances:  "I  was  never  so 
flush  of  money  as  to  need  a  purse,  so  fashionable  as  to  own  a  pair  of  gloves,  so 
blind  as  to  wear  spectacles."  The  same  was  doubtless  true  of  every  man  of 
his  age,  then  resident  in  the  town. 


698  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  second  census  of  the  United  States,  taken  in  1800,  returns  the  inhab- 
itants of  Pegypscot  Gore  as  701,  of  whom  306  were  under  ten  years  of  age. 
For  the  next  40  years  the  population  increased  steadily,  being  in  1810,  805  ; 
in  1820,  1,083;  in  1830,  1,128;  in  1840,  1,294;  and  in  1850,  1,686.  In  1860, 
it  fell  to  1,322  by  reason  of  the  removal  of  the  strip  north  of  the  Little 
Androscoggin.  The  growth  of  the  village  at  the  Falls  accounts  mainly  for 
the  larger  ratio  of  increase  in  the  fifth  decade. 

The  vote  of  the  town  on  May  5, 1806,  that  a  bounty  of  twelve  cents  should 
be  given  for  crows  when  presented  to  the  selectmen,  indicates  that  agriculture 
was  then  the  chief  industry.  It  continued  to  be  throughout  its  entire  history. 
Of  the  148  heads  of  families  in  1820,  145  were  farmers  and  only  three  engaged 
in  commerce.  The  soil  is  on  the  whole  well  adapted  for  that  purpose,  and 
comparatively  a  small  part  is  unfit  either  for  tillage  or  pasturage.  The 
principal  crops  during  its  corporate  existence  were  hay,  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oats,  peas,  beans,  and  potatoes,  the  first  and  the  last  growing  more  and 
more  important  with  the  lapse  of  years.  The  native  trees  found  most 
abundantly  are  white  pine,  rock  and  white  maple,  yellow  and  white  birch, 
beach,  elm,  white  and  yellow  ash,  red  oak,  spruce,  hemlock,  and  hackmatack. 
There  was  a  remarkable  growth  of  the  white  pine,  which  has  not  entirely 
disappeared,  despite  the  ravages  of  the  axe,  in  the  territory  between  the  Little 
Androscoggin  and  Royal's  river.  Col  Moses  Little,  in  1768,  measured  in  that 
neighborhood  a  log  181  feet  in  length,  and  12  inches  in  diameter  at  the 
smaller  end.  In  apple  orchards  Danville  hardly  equaled  the  neighboring  town 
of  New  Gloucester.  In  1820  Dr  Banks  estimated  their  number  as  20  and 
their  product  at  2,000  bushels,  nearly  all  of  which  was  converted  into  cider. 

The  first  physician  to  take  up  his  abode  in  Danville  seems  to  have  been 
Dr  John  Thorn,  who  served  as  moderator  at  the  annual  town-meeting  in  1807 
and  was  on  an  important  committee  the  following  year.  His  fees  and  his 
method  of  treatment  were  presumably  much  the  same  as  those  of  his  successor, 
then  practicing  in  a  neighboring  town.  Some  entries  from  the  latter's  account 
books  have  been  printed  in  the  periodical  entitled  Old  Times,  and  a  few  of 
them  are  copied  here  to  assist  the  imagination  in  picturing  the  medical 
attendance  of  those  days: 

Capt.  S—  B  — ,  to  bleedinj?  your  wife,  $0.17 

J—  P — ,  to  delivering  your  wife,  .50 
Capt.  T —  M — ,  to  a  pulie,  peppermint,  and 

attendance  all  night,  1.00 

B —  B— ,  to  a  visit  to  yr  child  and  medicine,  .33 
Deacon  J —  M — ,  to  inoculating  you  with 

kine  pox,  1.00 

The  second  physician  was  Elias  Banks,  son  of  Moses  and  Phebe  (Curtis) 
Banks,  of  Scarborough,  Me.     He   was  born  September  11,  1774,  married  at 


Jan. 

18, 

Jan. 

20, 

Mar. 

3, 

Apr. 

.% 

Apr. 

22, 

Town  of  Danville.  699 


North  Yarmouth,  January  17,  1805,  Lucretia  Prince,  by  whom  he  had  six 
sons  and  two  daughters,  and  died  in  Portland,  February  9,  1841.  Dr  Banks 
received  a  good  academic  education,  studied  his  profession  with  Dr  Barker,  of 
Stroudwater,  and  Dr  A.  R.  Mitchell,  of  North  Yarmouth,  and  there  being  no 
incorporated  schools  of  medicine  in  those  days,  received  his  diploma  from  his 
preceptors.  He  was  in  1824,  soon  after  its  organization,  admitted  to  the 
Maine  Medical  Society.  He  came  from  North  Yarmouth  to  Danville  in  1811 
and  was  in  active,  and  as,  far  as  the  writer  knows,  successful  practice  till 
1830,  the  3'ear  of  his  removal  to  Portland.  Dr  Banks  was  a  man  of  good 
ability  and  wrote,  in  1820,  a  sketch  of  the  town,  which  was  recently  printed 
in  the  Maine  Historical  and  rienealogical  Recorder,  and  has  been  frequently 
consulted  in  the  preparation  of  tliis  cliapter.  The  next  physician  was  Tobias 
Purinton  (or,  as  he  seems  in  later  life  to  have  spelled  it,  Purington),  who  was  born 
March  19,  1801,  in  Windham,  though  his  father  was  later  resident  and  his  own 
childhood  was  spent  in  Lewiston.  He  graduated  at  the  Maine  Medical  School 
in  1826,  and  soon  after  entered  into  practice  at  Goff's  Corner.  During  the  ten 
years  of  his  stay  here  he  became  quite  prominent,  serving  as  state  senator  in 
1836.  The  following  year  he  accepted  an  appointment  in  the  United  States 
civil  service,  and  his  home  was  at  Washington  till  his  decease.  May  3,  1880. 
After  Dr  Purington's  removal,  Hosea  L.  Cushman,  a  native  of  Hebron,  who 
graduated  at  Maine  Medical  School  in  1832,  practiced  a  few  years  at  the 
village.  Dr  H.  Dyer  and  Dr  G.  W.  Carlton  were  also  resident  and  practicing 
physicians  in  the  town  at  subsequent  periods.  Of  Dr  Richmond  Bradford,  Dr 
Charles  Millett,  Dr  H.  L.  K.  Wiggin,  Dr  Silvester  Oakes,  and  Dr  William 
Kilbourne,  whose  practice  endeared  them  to  most  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town,  and  who  were  themselves,  in  several  cases,  resident  within  its  limits  for 
a  few  years,  mention  is  made  elsewhere. 

It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  a  hundred  years  ago  it  was  no  dis- 
credit to  a  man  to  have  been  drunk.  Courtesy  required  the  offer  of  ardent 
spirits  to  guests  on  all  possible  occasions,  and  to  drink  copiously  was  regarded 
a  mark  of  manliness.  Danville  suffered  with  other  towns  from  the  manifold 
evils  resulting  from  the  custom.  In  at  least  one  family  in  five  some  member 
drank  to  excess.  In  the  national  movement  against  the  evil  which  began  about 
1825,  and  in  spite  of  occasional  declensions  has  grown  in  power  to  the  present, 
the  citizens  of  Danville  took  an  active  part.  A  total  abstinence  society  was 
organized  in  July,  1828,  Edward  Little,  Esq.,  and  Dr  Tobias  Purington  being 
the  leading  promoters  of  the  enterprise,  about  150  members  were  secured  and 
meetings  were  regularly  held.  Five  years  later  special  exertions  were  made 
and  the  membership  increased  to  365.  This  included  many  from  Lewiston  and 
East  Minot,  and  the  society  was  divided  at  the  close  of  1833.  The  Danville 
division,  numbering  187,  chose  John  Smith  president  and  Edward  T.  Little, 
secretary,  and  immediately  began  the  organization  of  auxiliary  societies  in  each 


700  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

school  district.  Money  was  raised  to  furnish  a  copy  of  the  Temperance 
Recorder  to  each  famil}^  in  town.  The  report  of  the  secretary  sent  to  the  state 
society  at  this  time  contains  some  interesting  items.  The  population  of  the 
town  being  1,128,  the  amount  of  liquor  sold  (not  including  wine  or  cider)  was 
1,575  gallons.  The  town  issued  licenses  to  sell  ardent  spirits  to  be  consumed 
on  the  premises,  but  there  was  also  considerable  unlicensed  selling.  Militia 
officers  still  treated  their  soldiers  but  mechanics  were  not,  as  formerly,  furnished 
with  grog  at  11  and  at  4  o'clock.  "Many  farmers  do  not  now  use  ardent  spirits 
in  conducting  their  business."  The  society  met  with  opposition  from  persons 
of  all  descriptions,  religious  and  irreligious,  but  it  maintained  its  position  and 
its  influence  long  outlasted  its  organization. 

Matters  Ecclesiastical.  —  Dr  Banks  wrote  in  1820,  "the  town  of  Dan- 
ville, when  considered  in  relation  to  its  religious  privileges,  must  suffer  on  a 
comparison  with  other  towns."  This  was  unquestionably  true  for  a  half  a 
century  after  its  first  settlement.  The  reason  may  be  found  in  part  in  the  fact 
that  the  disputed  land  titles  brought  many  settlers  of  a  lawless  type  and  prej- 
udiced many  others  of  a  different  character  against  a  church  and  preaching  of 
the  established  order  which  the  proprietors  would  naturally  uphold.  There  is 
reason  for  believing  that  occasional  services  were  held  during  the  last  century 
by  Congregational  clergymen  from  the  western  part  of  the  state  on  the  mission 
tours  to  the  eastward,  which  frequently  led  them  across  the  town:  it  is 
known  that  Elders  Macomber  and  Case,  Baptist  clergymen,  labored  here  as 
early  as  1789,  and  Rev.  Jesse  Lee,  the  apostle  of  Methodism,  in  1793.  Preach- 
ing in  those  days  was  often  denominational  as  well  as  Christian,  aud  this 
threefold  sowing  of  the  field  seemed  to  have  prevented  the  establishment  of 
any  one  church  or  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship  for  several  years.  In 
1803  the  town  voted  $60  for  the  support  of  gospel  preachers,  and  Consider 
Glass,  Lemuel  Dyer,  Matthias  Vickery  were  the  committee  to  expend  this  sum. 
The  next  year  $40  was  voted  and  Capt.  Thomas  Finson,  Lemuel  Dyer,  and 
Samuel  Crockett  were  entrusted  with  the  disposal  of  it.  The  two  following 
years  $50  was  the  amount  raised,  and  two  new  names  appear  on  the  appro- 
priating committee.  Job  Lane  and  William  W.  Peables.  This  course,  however, 
was  not  consistent  with  the  law  of  the  state,  and  it  became  necessary  in 
February,  1809,  for  the  inhabitants  of  Pejepscot  to  send  Lemuel  Dyer  as 
"their  agent  to  the  court  of  common  pleas  next  to  be  holden  at  Portland  for 
the  purpose  of  trying  to  get  off  a  fine  for  which  the  town  is  indicted  for  not 
being  provided  with  a  settled  minister  of  the  gospel."  This  commission 
required  for  its  execution  five  days'  travel  and  attendance,  and  cost  the  town 
17.40.  It  was,  however,  the  last  occasion  for  action  of  this  sort.  The  preced- 
ing year  Rev.  Joseph  Roberts,  a  Baptist  licentiate,  preached  in  the  town  with 
marked  success,  extensive  revivals  followed,  a  church  of  fifty-six  members  was 
formed,  and  he  was  ordained  its  pastor  in  December,  1808.     This  position  he 


Town  of  Danville.  701 


held  nearly  a  score  of  years,  and  was  an  honored  and  influential  citizen  of  the 
town.  He  was  the  only  representative  of  the  town  sent  to  the  General  Court 
while  a  part  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  and  he  was  also  delegate 
to  the  convention  for  framing  a  constitution  for  the  new  state  of  Maine.  It 
does  not  appear  that  he  received  a  regular  salary,  at  least  during  the  latter 
portion  of  his  pastorate,  but  supported  himself  in  part  by  agriculture.  The 
church,  after  his  retirement  in  1827,  remained  for  several  years  without  a 
pastor.  In  1838  it  received  new  life  under  the  labors  of  Rev.  John  Butler, 
and  two  years  later  a  house  of  worship  was  erected  and  its  membership  reported 
as  72.  Subsequent  pastors  were  Rev.  Samuel  Owen,  Rev.  Moses  Hanscom, 
Rev.  Cyrus  Crafts,  Rev.  Anson  Donham,  Rev.  L.  P.  Gurney,  Rev.  W.  R. 
Millett.  For  a  number  of  years  it  has  been  without  a  pastor,  and  by  dismissals 
to  other  churches  the  membership  has  fallen  to  22.  Rev.  Daniel  Hutchinson, 
a  Baptist  clergyman,  preached  in  the  western  part  of  the  town  in  1808,  and 
continued  to  hold  a  service  about  once  in  every  two  months  during  the  four 
years  following.  In  1812  more  than  usual  interest  attended  the  services,  and 
in  September  of  that  year  a  small  church  of  13  members  was  organized. 
Nathaniel  Sturgis,  who  had  been  most  prominent  in  the  prayer-meetings  which 
had  been  regularly  maintained  for  some  time,  was  elected  pastor  and  afterwards 
ordained  as  minister.  Mr  Sturgis  was  born  in  Gorham,  September  8,  1774, 
married  Sarah  Patten,  March  22,  1802,  and  January  5, 1806,  Betsey  Woodman. 
He  settled  near  Danville  Corner  about  the  beginning  of  the  centur}'-,  and  was, 
until  his  death,  October  29,  1825,  one  of  the  most  respected  citizens  of  the 
town.  Of  his  ten  children,  one  son,  Nathaniel  Gorham,  a  life-long  resident, 
and  four  daughters,  married  and  left  descendants.  During  Mr  Sturgis's 
pastorate  Samuel  Small,  afterwards  for  many  years  register  of  deeds  for 
Cumberland  county,  was  clerk  and  David  Sjnall  deacon.  Some  25  were  added 
to  the  church  during  this  period.  In  1828  two  of  its  members,  Jonathan 
Tracy  and  James  Libby  were  ordained  as  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Two  years 
later  the  latter  became  pastor  of  the  West  Poland  church,  a  position  he  held 
for  over  twoscore  years.  From  1826  to  1834  was  a  period  of  marked 
prosperity  for  this  church.  From  Danville,  its  name  was  changed  to  the 
Danville,  Minot,  and  Poland  church.  140,  many  doubtless  residents  of  the  last 
mentioned  towns,  were  added  to  its  rolls.  In  March  of  1833  it  sent  out  a 
colony  of  30  members  to  form  what  is  now  known  as  the  South  Auburn  Free 
Baptist  church,  the  mother  church  being  styled  in  the  denominational  register 
as  the  West  Danville  church.  This  new  church  subsequently  erected  a  com- 
modious house  of  worship  on  the  river  road,  near  the  residence  of  the  late 
Capt.  John  Penley.  For  a  number  of  3^ears  Rev.  Gideon  Perkins  served  as  its 
pastor,  and  subsequently  Rev.  E.  C.  Heath.  Changes  in  population  have  now 
reduced  its  membership  to  about  a  score  and  it  is  unable  to  maintain  worship 
regularly.      Samuel  H.  Haskell  was  chosen  a  deacon  in  the  original  church  in 


702  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

1813  and  for  over  half  a  century  fulfilled  the  duties  of  this  office  in  a  most 
faithful  manner.  At  his  death,  September  12,  1864,  he  left  a  record  for  active, 
earnest,  and  self-sacrificing  labor  that  few  can  excel.  From  1845  to  1858  over 
50  were  added  to  the  church,  and  four  members,  viz.,  Almon  Libby,  William 
P.  Nevins,  Jesse  Hayes,  and  Byron  P.  Russell  were  ordained  as  ministers  of 
the  gospel.  Removal  and  death  have  since  depleted  its  ranks  and  at  present 
it  reports  a  membership  of  23,  of  whom  nearly  one-half  are  non-residents. 

The  First  Congregational  Church  in  Danville  was  organized  April  28,  1825, 
by  a  council  composed  of  delegates  from  the  four  neighboring  churches  of  New 
Gloucester,  North  Yarmouth,  Pownal,  and  Freeport.  It  consisted  of  seven 
members.  Squire  Giddinge,  who  had  been  prominent  in  the  movement  for  its 
establishment,  presented  it  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  year  with  a  book  in 
which  to  keep  the  church  records.  This  book  can  not  now  be  found  and  it  is 
impossible  to  state  with  accuracy  the  names  of  the  members.  Its  meetings 
were  held  in  the  school-house  at  the  Corner,  and  it  was  ministered  to,  in 
conjunction  with  the  church  organized  at  Lewiston  Falls  the  next  year,  by  Rev. 
Moses  Sawyer,  Rev.  Daniel  Newell,  Rev.  Azariah  Adams,  Rev.  Henry  C. 
Jewett,  and  other  clergymen  laboring  under  the  auspices  of  the  Maine 
Missionary  Society.  Within  a  year  or  two  four  others  joined  the  church,  a 
Sabbath  school  was  maintained,  and  a  local  Bible  society  organized  in 
connection  with  its  work.  The  growth,  however,  of  the  sister  church  at  the 
Falls,  an  account  of  which  is  given  elsewhere,  precluded  its  ever  attaining  to 
self-support,  and  in  1850  its  name  disappeared  from  the  minutes  of  the  state 
organization.  As  most  of  the  Congregationalists  in  the  northerly  half  of  the 
town  came  to  be  connected  with  the  church  at  the  Falls,  so  the  Universalists 
lent  their  support  to  the  services  of  that  denomination  held  in  the  meeting- 
house which  was  built  there  in  1838. 

Allusion  has  been  made  to  the  labors  of  Rev.  Jesse  Lee  in  this  neighborhood 
during  the  last  century,  and  the  Poland  circuit  then  established  has  since  been 
one  of  the  strongholds  of  Methodism.  The  church  in  Danville  of  this 
denomination  was  formall}^  included  in  the  Durham  circuit  in  1806,  and  was 
ministered  to  by  Rev.  Joshua  Soule,  Rev.  I.  Smith,  Rev.  B.  Clay,  Rev.  J. 
Adams,  Rev.  N.  B.  Ashcraft,  Rev.  P.  Ayer,  Rev.  J.  L.  Bishop,  Rev.  E.  Blake, 
Rev.  E.  Case  in  the  earlier  part  of  this  century,  and  by  very  many  others  since 
then.  In  1863  and  for  several  years  thereafter  it  formed  a  charge  by  itself. 
In  1878  its  membership  was  reported  as  110,  with  24  on  probation. 


Town  of  Danville.  703 


CHAPTER   XL. 

Educational  History  and  Lewistou  Falls  Academy  —  Biographical. 

EDUCATIONAL  History  and  Lewiston  Falls  Academy.  —  One  of 
the  first  acts  of  the  newly-incorporated  town  of  Pejepscot  was  to  divide 
itself  into  seven  school  districts.  These  were  subsequently  increased  to 
eleven,  though  the  eleventh  was  lost  with  the  portion  of  the  town  annexed  to 
Auburn  in  1859.  Between  these  districts  there  was  at  times  a  healthy  rivalry 
for  the  efficiency  and  success  of  their  respective  schools.  This  local  interest 
accomplished  much  in  the  case  of  District  No.  1,  which  embraced  the  territory 
adjoining  Danville  Corner  and  included  among  others  the  Sturgis,  Giddinge, 
Witham,  and  LigersoU  families.  This  district  claimed  that  its  school  corre- 
sponded exactly  with  its  name,  and  it  surely  had  the  credit  of  sending  the  first 
Danville  boy  to  college.  This  was  the  Rev.  George  Parsons  Giddinge,  D.D., 
who  graduated  at  Bowdoin  in  1823  as  a  classmate  of  William  Pitt  Fessenden, 
and  was  for  many  years  rector  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  at  Quincy, 
111.  While  it  is  difficult  to  prove  the  assertion,  there  are  some  reasons  for 
believing  that  the  public  schools  were,  throughout  the  history  of  the  town, 
better  than  in  the  average  farming  communities  of  the  state.  The  academy 
not  only  exerted  a  direct  influence  by  furnishing  a  supply  of  teachers  near  at 
hand,  but  also  indirectly  by  arousing  and  maintaining  an  interest  in  higher 
courses  of  study.  Again,  the  appropriations  of  money  seem  to  have  been  on  a 
more  liberal  scale,  taking  a  series  of  years  together,  than  in  most  towns  of  the 
same  size.  The  school  population  in  1820  was  493,  and  reached  the  highest 
point  in  1856,  when  those  between  4  and  21  years  of  age  were  reported  as  708. 
The  average  attendance  for  years  in  which  statistics  are  at  hand  varied  from 
41  per  cent,  in  1856  to  61  in  1859.  For  the  first  score  of  years  the  town  raised 
$250  annually  for  the  schools,  but  this  amount  was  steadily  increased  and  early 
in  1855  was  SI, 250,  being  several  hundred  dollars  in  excess  of  the  amount 
required  b}^  law.  Despite  the  falling  off  in  valuation  during  the  next  decade, 
the  town  increased  the  amount  expended  for  each  pupil. 

The  year  1834  witnessed,  perhaps,  the  most  important  event  in  the  educa- 
tional history  of  the  town  in  the  incorporation  of  Edward  Little,  Tobias 
Purinton,  James  Goff,  Jr,  William  R.  Frye,  Daniel  Greene,  Elisha  Keene, 
Gideon  D.  Dickinson,  Samuel  Stone,  Jonathan  Raynes,  John  A.  Briggs,  and 
Enoch  Littlefield,  with  their  associates  and  successors,  as  the  trustees  of  Lew- 
iston Falls  Academy,  "for  the  purpose  of  advancing  science  and  literature  and 
promoting  morality,  piety,  and  religion."     Of  these  eleven  persons,  seven,  and 


^04  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


possibly  eight,  were  residents  of  Danville.  The  records  of  the  corporation 
show  clearly  that  the  first  mentioned  gentleman  was  the  leading  spirit  in  the 
enterprise.  They  seem  to  indicate,  on  the  other  hand,  that  three  of  the  corpo- 
rators delayed  the  opening  of  the  school  by  their  failure  to  attend  the  meetings 
of  the  board.  For  we  find  that  two  years  later  six  instead  of  nine  was  made  a 
quorum  by  an  additional  act  of  legislature.  The  trustees  thereupon  promptly 
met,  February  27, 1836,  added  to  their  number  Josiah  Little,  Esq.,  Rev.  Weston 
B.  Adams,  and  Rev.  Israel  Newell,  and  chose  Edward  Little  president,  a 
position  he  held  till  his  death  in  1849;  James  Goff,  Jr,  vice-president;  Josiah 
Little,  treasurer;  and  Weston  B.  Adams,  clerk.  They  decided  a  month  later 
to  erect  a  brick  building  similar  in  size  and  arrangement  to  Kimball  Union 
Academy  of  Plainfield,  N.  H.,  of  which  Rev.  Mr  Newell  was  for  man}^  years 
preceptor.  The  cost  was  defrayed  by  a  general  subscription,  to  which  the 
president  of  the  board  is  said  to  have  contributed  'f  2,000,  while  his  son  Josiah 
gave  $500  and  an  equal  amount  to  be  expended  later  for  apparatus.  The 
building  was  not  completed  and  dedicated  until  the  following  spring.  The' 
academy  itself,  however,  had  meantime  been  opened  under  the  charge  of  David 
B.  Sewall,  a  young  graduate  of  Bowdoin,  class  of  1836,  since  known  throughout 
the  state  as  a  beloved  and  honored  clergyman  of  the  Congregational  denom- 
ination. 

The  first  term  of  the  new  institution  was  held  in  the  district  scliool-house 
that  stood  near  the  present  site  of  the  county  jail,  and  the  second  in  the  hall 
above  Mr  Goff's  store,  a  site  still  marked  by  Gcjff  Block.  The  academic  year 
was  a  long  one  of  44  weeks,  generally  divided  into  hnir  terms.  The  upper 
portion  of  the  academy  building  was  fitted  up  with  dormitories  for  the  use  of 
those  who  came  from  a  distance  and  could  not  secure  rooms  in  the  few  houses 
that  then  made  up  the  village  of  Goff's  Corner.  The  growth  of  the  school  in 
subsequent  years  compelled  the  employment  of  this  space  for  other  purposes, 
and  the  lack  of  sufficient  provision  for  inexpensive  board  and  lodging  for 
students  was  one  of  the  obstacles  successive  teachers  seem  to  have  encountered 
regularly.  While,  as  an  early  catalogue  states,  board  in  good  families, 
including  room,  wood,  lights,  and  washing,  could  be  procured  for  -11.50  a  week, 
the  size  of  the  place  limited  the  number  that  could  be  thus  accommodated. 
The  tuition  charge  was  four  dollars  a  term  and  continued  practically  the  same 
until  war  times,  when  it  was  increased  about  50  per  cent.  The  two  years  of 
Mr  Sewall's  principalship  were  prosperous  ones.  The  academy  was  made  to 
supply  the  need  that  led  to  its  establishment  and  soon  began  to  draw  students 
from  a  widening  circle.  He  received  for  the  first  year  merely  the  tuition 
fees,  for  the  second  a  salary  of  -1450.  After  the  completion  of  the  academy 
building,  Mr  Little  conveyed  to  the  trustees  the  tract  of  land  between  High 
and  Main  streets  and  Elm  street  and  the  Little  Androscoggin  river,  then 
valued  at  13,000.     A  few  years  later  he  also  gave  the  property  on  Main  street, 


Town  of  Danville.  705 


known  as  the  Chapin  house,  and  valued  at  about  the  same  amount.  This  may 
seem  a  meagre  endowment  for  an  educational  institution,  as  indeed  it  is, 
measured  by  the  standards  of  to-day,  but  it  was  wisely  managed  and  the  income 
from  the  proceeds  of  the  house  lots  as  they  were  sold  from  time  to  time,  proved 
sufficient  to  maintain  the  building  in  repair  and  to  supplement  the  tuition  fees 
in  making  up  a  reasonable  salary  for  the  teachers  employed.  The  trustees 
believed  that  for  an  efficient  and  successful  school,  it  was  chiefly  necessary  to 
provide  a  building  and  apparatus,  and  that  the  instructors  should  by  their 
ability  attract  scholars  and  obtain  their  compensation  largely  from  them.  It 
must  be  acknowledged  that  this  theory  worked  better  then  than  it  would  at 
the  present  day.  The  second  principal,  Benjamin  Mead,  was  a  Bowdoin 
graduate,  as  indeed  were  all  his  successors  with  two  exceptions,  and  maintained 
the  standing  and  character  of  the  school,  which  averaged  about  40  pupils 
during  the  two  years  it  was  under  his  charge.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Edward  Payson  Weston,  than  whom  few  have  done  more  for  the  educational 
interests  of  the  state.  Teaching  was  Mr  Weston's  life  work  and  the  seven 
years  he  gave  to  the  Lewiston  Falls  Academy  were  a  period  of  marked  progress 
and  prosperity.  The  grounds  were  planted  with  trees  and  shrubbery,  laid  out 
with  walks  and  surrounded  by  a  fence.  -fGOO  was  expended  upon  apparatus. 
A  preceptress  and  two  assistants  were  added  to  the  teaching  force  and 
instruction  in  music  and  drawing  was  provided  for  those  desiring  either.  In 
addition  to  the  ordinary  preparatory  and  classical  course  of  study,  one  was 
offered  made  up  of  French  and  the  higher  English  branches,  geometry,  sur- 
veying, astronomy,  rhetoric,  and  mental  philosophy.  Certificates  of  fitness  to 
teach  were  granted  to  those  passing  a  special  examination.  A  Literary  Union 
had  been  formed  among  the  students  after  the  pattern  of  the  general  college 
societies  at  Bowdoin  and  in  its  charge  was  the  library  collected  by  Capt. 
William  Ladd,  of  Minot,  the  well-known  advocate  of  peace,  and  bequeathed  at 
his  death  to  the  academy.  The  pupils  in  1846  numbered  175,  111  being  the 
largest  number  attending  any  one  term.  Of  these,  four  were  residents  of 
another  state  and  85  of  other  towns  than  Danville,  Auburn,  Minot,  or  Lewiston. 
This  increase  of  non-resident  scholars  led  to  the  proposal  of  the  trustees  to 
erect  a  brick  dormitory,  62x  38  feet  and  three  stories  high.  The  cost  was  to  be 
met  b}^  the  sale  at  auction  of  twelve  house  lots.  Unfortunately  the  bids  did 
not  reach  the  minimum  price  decided  upon,  and  a  few  3'ears  later  obtained  at 
private  sale,  and  the  project  was  on  Mr  Weston's  departure,  the  following  year, 
allowed  to  slumber.  It  was  revived  at  several  different  times  subsequently, 
but  never  carried  into  effect.  Alvin  Boody,  who  graduated  from  Bowdoin  in 
1847,  but  who  had  experience  in  teaching  and  was  afterwards  principal  of 
Fryeburg  Academy,  took  charge  of  the  school  for  about  two  years.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Jotham  B.  Sewall.  The  academy  profited  much  by  his  scholar- 
ship and  character,     During  the  two  years  of  his  stay  over  |800  was  expended 


706  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


upon  the  building  and  the  grounds,  which  then  assumed  the  appearance  so 
familiar  to  the  old  residents,  the  plain  but  neat  brick  structure  with  wooden 
belfry,  guarded  on  either  side  by  the  terraced  pines,  remnants  of  the  primeval 
forest,  and  approached  by  the  long  walk  shut  in  by  the  cedar  hedge.  Mr 
Edward  Little's  death,  which  occurred  at  this  time,  brought  a  bequest  of  |2,500 
to  the  academy  funds,  which  now  amounted  to  about  |6,000.  The  entire 
income  was  with  few  exceptions  expended  each  year  and  there  were  no 
subsequent  additions  of  moment  save  from  the  sales  of  the  lands.  Two 
Bowdoin  classmates  of  1847,  Rev.  Ebenezer  S.  Jordan  and  Prof.  William  M. 
Baker,  had  charge  of  the  school  during  the  next  few  years,  with  an  average 
attendance  of  85  to  90.  Under  the  next  principal,  George  Woods,  since 
chancellor  for  a  score  of  years  of  the  Western  University  of  Pennsylvania,  the 
names  of  Spanish  students  appear  for  the  first  time  in  the  annual  catalogue. 
Several  young  men  from  the  West  Indies,  especially  from  Cuba,  were  for  a 
series  of  years  pupils  at  the  academy.  In  the  spring  term  of  1856,  the  last 
of  Mr  Woods's  principalship,  the  attendance  of  students  was  138.  Several 
teachers  were  employed  during  the  next  three  years  for  short  periods,  of  whom 
at  least  two  should  be  mentioned,  Hon.  Enos  T.  Luce,  now  of  Waltham,  Mass., 
and  Rev.  Dr  Edwin  P.  Parker,  of  Hartford,  Conn.  In  1859,  Warren  T. 
Webster,  a  graduate  of  Brown  University,  assumed  charge  of  the  institution. 
The  eight  years  that  followed  were  the  most  prosperous  the  academy  had  seen. 
The  number  of  students  increased  until  in  the  fall  term  of  1865  they  reached 
250.  The  assistant  teachers  included  some  of  the  ablest  and  most  faithful 
workers  the  town  has  ever  known. 

In  1864  the  building  was  remodelled  and  enlarged,  and  two  years  later  the 
name  of  the  institution  was  changed  by  an  act  of  legislature  to  the  Edward 
Little  Institute.  At  the  close  of  the  war  the  so-called  commercial  college 
came  into  fashion  and  Mr  Webster's  energy  and  interest  in  education  led  him 
to  add  to  the  English  and  Classical  course  that  had  been  taught  so  long  on  the 
hill,  a  commercial  department  which  occupied  the  two  largest  halls  down  town 
and  employed  several  special  teachers.  The  undertaking  was  not  successful 
from  a  financial  standpoint.  The  additional  work  and  worry  which  it  brought 
seriously  affected  his  health  and  led  to  his  resignation,  which  the  trustees 
regretfully  accepted  in  Jul}'-,  1867.  His  successor,  Charles  C.  Rounds,  had 
been  an  assistant  for  the  two  preceding  years,  and  a  year  later  became  prin- 
cipal of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Farmingtou.  Death  had  now  removed 
from  the  board  of  trustees.  Rev.  Elijah  Jones,  who  had  served  as  president 
since  the  decease  of  the  founder,  Josiah  Little,  who,  though  a  non-resident, 
retained  the  strong  interest  in  the  school  of  which  he  had  previously  given 
practical  evidence,  Edward  T.  Little,  who  had  long  and  ably  served  as  the 
treasurer  and  a  member  of  the  executive  committee,  and,  a  short  time  later, 
Samuel  Pickard,  who,  from  the  first,  had  been  one  of  the   most  active   and 


Town  of  Danville.  707 


efficient  members.  The  growth  of  Auburn,  on  the  other  hand,  made  it  desirable 
that  the  academy  should  be  closely  connected  with  tlie  system  of  public  schools 
and  open  to  all  free  of  charge.  Accordingly  the  trustees  gave  the  use  of  the 
building  for  a  free  high  school  to  the  city  of  Auburn,  and  four  years  later,  in 
1873,  formally  transferred  their  title  to  the  entire  property,  then  valued  at 
'125,000.  The  chief  conditions  of  the  transfer  were  that  the  city  should 
maintain  at  least  33  weeks  in  each  year  a  first-class  high  school,  to  be  always 
known  as  the  Edward  Little  High  School,  and  should  erect  a  statue  of  the 
person  thus  commemorated,  at  a  cost  of  #7,000.  These  conditions  were  duly 
carried  out.  Under  a  succession  of  able  teachers,  students  from  old  Danville 
have  enjoyed  the  privileges  of  academical  study  previously  offered  by  the 
institute.  In  the  stmiio  at  Rome  of  the  distinguished  Maine  scul[jtor,  Franklin 
Simmons,  was  made  an  admirable  portrait  statue,  which  was  cast  in  bronze  at 
Munich,  and,  in  October,  1877,  erected  in  front  of  the  new  and  larger  building 
that  was  then  replacing  the  old  academy.  On  that  occasion  an  able  oration 
was  delivered  by  Judge  Nahura  Morrill,  long  an  active  and  prominent  member 
of  the  trustees,  and  a  pleasing  and  appropriate  poem  read  by  Mrs  M.  S.  Read, 
one  who  answered  of  old  to  the  academic  bell  pealing  from  out  the  "pine  trees' 
living  sheen."  The  space  given  to  this  sketch  of  the  Lewiston  Falls  Academy 
is  onl}'^  justified  by  the  influence,  direct  and  indirect,  which  it  exerted  on  the 
town  within  whose  limits  it  was  established.  There  was  hardly  a  family  in 
Danville  whose  name  does  not  occur  in  the  list  of  its  students.  The  various 
natives  and  residents  of  the  town,  who  are  college  graduates,  received  their 
preparatory  course  there,  with  but  few  exceptions.  The  facilities  it  offered 
had  an  important,  if  an  unnoticed  part,  in  changing  the  village  of  Goff's 
Corner  into  a  large  and  prosperous  community. 

Bio</raphical.  —  As  the  limits  of  this  sketch  do  not  admit  of  extended 
biographical  details  the  writer  has  confined  himself  to  a  brief  mention  of  all 
heads  of  families  known  to  have  been  resident  in  town  a- hundred  years  ago, 
and  concludes  with  a  fuller  account  of  two  men  who  were  representative,  each 
in  his  way,  of  the  generation  that  has  now  passed  away. 

John  Merrill,  a  native  of  Newbury,  Mass.,  was  probably  the  first  permanent 
settler  in  the  town.  He  married,  July  20,  1773,  Molly  Royal,  of  North  Yar- 
mouth. They  had  seven  children,  and  with  their  sons  Charles  and  Jeremiah, 
who  were  then  married,  were  living  in  the  first  school  district  in  1803.  Aunt 
Molly,  as  she  was  commonly  known,  had  the  reputation  of  being  "a  witch. 
Superstitious  people  observed  that  her  opposition  or  dislike  to  any  person  or 
thing  brought  strange  and  serious  accidents.  Her  husband  once  sold  against 
her  will  a  pair  of  oxen  ;  the  next  morning  the  new  owner  found  them  lying 
dead,  with  their  horns  implanted  in  the  ground.  If  a  neighbor  borrowed  a  sled 
of  Goodman  Merrill  without  her  consent,  he  was  likely  to  find  it  so  bewitched 
that  all  his  efforts  and  all  his  ingenuity  could  not  keep  the  load  in  place. 


708  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


The  surname  Jordan  has  been  one  of  the  most  frequent  and  prominent  in 
the  annals  of  the  town.  Four  families  of  the  name  came  previous  to  1790. 
The  two  brothers,  Humphrey  and  James,  sons  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Jordan) 
Jordan,  of  Cape  Elizabeth,  were  probably  the  first.  Humphrey  served  through- 
out the  War  of  the  Revolution  and  also  in  that  of  1812.  He  married  Joanna 
Bryant,  who  died  February  13,  1856,  in  her  90th  year.  The}^  lived  in  the 
fourth  school  district,  and  had  two  sons,  Abraham  and  John,  and  a  daughter, 
Eunice,  who  died  unmarried.  James  m.  Elizabeth  McKenney,  lived  in  the  fifth 
district,  and  had  14  children.  Dominions  Jordan,  of  South  Auburn,  is  a  grand- 
son. Two  other  brotliers,  Ebenezer  and  John  Weiman,  sons  of  Lt  Benjamin  and 
Hannah  (Weiman)  Jordan,  of  Cape  Elizabeth,  cleared  up  farms  for  themselves 
in  Danville  shortl}^  after  those  just  mentioned.  Ebenezer  settled  in  the  sixth 
district,  and  lived  there  much  respected  till  his  death,  March  24,  1854,  in  his 
90th  year.  It  was  said  of  him  that  during  his  long  life  he  never  used  tobacco 
or  spirituous  liquors.  He  married  Sarah  McKenney,  and  had  nine  children, 
Eben  D.  Jordan,  the  well-known  merchant  of  Boston,  is  his  grandson,  while  in 
Auburn  he  is  represented  by  another  grandson,  Ebenezer  Jordan,  Esq.  John 
Weiman  Jordan  married  Margaret  Pepperell  Peables,  settled  in  the  seventh 
school  district,  and  had  10  children.  Charles  P.  Jordan,  of  South  Auburn,  is 
his  grandson. 

Patrick  Arras,  a  native  of  County  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  came  to  Pejepscot 
with  his  wife,  Anna  Jordan,  from  Cape  Elizabeth  about  1780.  They  lived  in 
the  first  school  district,  and  had  eight  children. 

John  Vosmus,  who  was  born  in  Cologne,  Germany,  August  15,  1747,  married 
Hannah  Libby,  and  cleared  as  early  as  1787  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Domin- 
icus  Jordan  near  "  the  trap."  The}'  had  nine  children,  and  among  their 
descendants  may  be  mentioned  Thomas  Vosmus,  for  many  years  on  the  police 
force  of  Auburn,  and  Tascus  Atwood,  late  county  attorney. 

Among  the  early  settlers  in  the  southern  part  of  the  town  were  Mrs 
Dorothy  (McKenney)  Libby,  widow  of  Luke  Libby,  of  Scarborough,  who  is 
said  to  have  served  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  her  five  sons,  Dominions, 
Luke,  Isaac,  William,  and  Humphrey.  They  came  in  1789,  and  each  of  the 
brothers  cleared  and  occupied  a  farm  on  or  near  Libby  Hill.  Dominicus,  the 
eldest,  married  his  cousin,  Dorothy  McKenney.  They  had  ten  children,  of 
whom  all  died  at  home  unmarried  save  four.  His  only  living  descendant 
bearing  the  name  is  Mr  John  Nelson  Libby,  of  South  Auburn.  Luke  married 
Elizabeth  Mitchell,  and  died  September  13,  1800,  leaving  two  children. 
Deacon  William  T.  Libby,  of  South  Auburn,  is  his  grandson.  Isaac  m. 
Dorothy  Meserve,  and  had  ten  children,  of  whom  all  but  two  married.  The 
homestead  is  still  occupied  by  his  grandchildren,  William  M.  and  Moses  H. 
Libby.  William  married  his  cousin,  Hannah  McKenney,  and  had  six  children, 
none  of  whom  have  descendants  living.     Humphrey,  the  youngest  of  the  five 


Town  of  Danville.  709 


brothers,  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  died  of  fever  at  Sackett's  Harbor, 
September  9,  1813.  He  married  Keziah  Meserve,  and  had  seven  daughters, 
all  of  whom  married.  Dennis  Libby,  son  of  Ichabod  and  Mary  (Fickett) 
Libby,  a  distant  relative  of  the  brothers  just  mentioned,  was  born  in  Scar- 
borough in  1771,  and  came  to  Danville  on  attaining  his  majority.  He  married 
Betsey  McKenney,  a  sister  of  William  Libby's  wife,  and  cleared  a  farm  near 
the  Durham  line.  He  had  11  children,  all  but  three  of  whom  married. 
His  sons  were  officers  and  active  members  of  the  Methodist  church,  and  a 
grandson  is  Rev.  Charles  E.  Libby,  of  Rust  University,  Mississippi.  The  rep- 
resentatives of  this  family,  now  resident  in  Auburn,  are  Messrs  Gershom  C. 
and  Moses  L.  Libby. 

John  Stinchfield,  a  native  of  Windham,  with  his  wife,  Sarah  Lake,  settled 
in  the  fourth  district,  about  1788,  had  nine  children,  and  left  many  descend- 
ants to  keep  the  name  alive. 

The  McKenneys  (the  name  is  often  spelled  in  the  records  McKinney),like  the 
Jordans  and  the  Libbys,  with  whom  they  so  frequently  intermarried,  trace  their 
origin  to  Cape  Elizabeth  and  Scarborough,  and  so  naturally  contributed  largely 
to  the  settlement  of  Danville.  It  appears  that  at  least  five  different  families 
of  this  name  came  previous  to  1791.  First  may  be  mentioned  Temperance, 
widow  of  Jacob  McKenney,  who  with  her  two  sons,  Jacob  and  Stephen,  and 
two  daughters,  lived  in  the  fourth  school  district.  Lieutenant  William 
McKenney,  who  served  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  married  Miriam  Jordan 
and  settled  here  after  its  close.  They  had  seven  children,  of  whom  the 
youngest  has  but  lately  passed  away.  His  brother  Isaac  married  Hannah,  a 
sister  of  Miriam,  probably  came  about  the  same  time,  and  had  a  family  of  five 
children.  Another  William  McKenney,  who  died  May  25, 1798,  married  Mary 
Jordan,  a  sister  of  Humphrey  Jordan  mentioned  above,  and  had  five  children, 
all  save  the  first  born  here.  His  widow  married  Abraham  McKenney,  by 
whom  she  had  two  sons.  She  survived  her  second  husband,  who  died  at  sea 
in  December,  1800,  and  died,  March  1,  1838,  in  her  75th  year.  Charles 
McKenney  married  Lurany  Richards,  and  lived  in  the  seventh  school  district. 
They  had  seven  children,  who  all  had  families.  He  was,  perhaps,  the  last  of 
the  early  settlers  to  pass  away,  dying  June  9,  1859,  at  the  age  of  92  years 
5  months  and  13  days. 

Among  the  first  to  settle  in  the  central  part  of  the  town,  not  far  from 
Danville  Corner,  were  Jonathan  Rowe  and  his  wife,  Alice  Easkott,  with  their 
four  sons  and  two  daughters.  They  were  natives  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  the 
town  which  furnished  most  of  the  early  settlers.  The  father  died  July  1, 1795, 
before  the  incorporation  of  Pejepscot,  and  his  widow  survived  him  seven  years, 
dying  at  the  advanced  age  of  90.  Jonathan,  the  eldest  son,  was  twice  married, 
but  left  only  one  son,  Moses,  the  father  of  Henry  R.  S.  Rowe,  of  Boston,  and  of 
the  late  William  W.  Rowe,  of  Auburn.     The  third  son,  Stephen,  married  Mary 


710  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Lane,  and  had  10  children,  nearly  all  of  whom  married  and  lived  in  Danville. 
The  late  Dorainicus  J.  Rowe,  of  South  Auburn,  was  his  grandson.  The  fourth 
son,  Thoraas,  married  Polly  Goss,  and  had  13  children.  Of  the  two  daughters, 
Alice  married  Aaron  Dresser  and  Rachel  died  unmarried. 

The  kingdom  of  Portugal  supplied  one  of  the  citizens  of  Danville  in  the 
person  of  Joseph  Saundres,  who  married  Jemima  Merrill,  of  Newbur^i,  Mass., 
and  settled  in  the  west  part  of  the  town  nearly  25  years  before  its  incorpora- 
tion. They  had  11  children,  of  whom  at  least  two  married  and  had  families 
living  in  the  first  school  district  in  1802.  Another  early  family,  which,  like  the 
preceding,  has  no  representatives  of  the  name  living  here  now,  is  that  of 
Consider  Glass,  a  native  of  Duxbury,  Mass.,  and  of  Hannah  Parsons,  his  wife, 
who  died  December  .19,  1803.  They  came  about  1786,  lived  in  the  seventh 
school  district,  and  had  10  children.  The  names  given  some  of  these,  Ezekiel, 
Consider,  Thankful,  Esther,  suggest  descent  from  good  Pilgrim  stock.  In  the 
same  district  lived  Tobias  Goold,  a  native  of  Kittery,  and  his  wife,  Rhoda 
Hammon,  who  moved  from  New  Gloucester  about  1792.  They  had  12  children, 
but  none  of  the  name  are  at  present  resident  in  the  city.  There  were  three 
persons  by  the  name  of  Thomas  Goss,  father,  son,  and  grandson,  resident  in 
Danville  previous  to  1800,  and  each  had  large  families.  The  first  Thomas 
Goss  was  born  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  May  19,  1730,  and  had  nine  children,  all 
of  whom,  save  two,  settled  in  Danville.  He  died  November  20,  1819.  Thoraas 
Goss,  his  eldest  son,  married  Tammy  Finson,  came  to  Danville  about  1787,  and 
died  there  December  26,  1799,  leaving  seven  children.  Thomas  Goss,  son  of 
Thomas  and  Tammy  (Finson)  Goss,  was  born  at  Gloucester,  Mass.,  May  29, 
1780,  married  Elizabeth  Witham,  and  had  nine  children.  John  Goss,  son  of 
the  first  Thomas  Goss,  married  Anna  Parsons,  had  six  sons  and  four  daughters, 
and  died  March  10,  1848.  Of  the  many  representatives  of  this  family  now 
living  in  Auburn,  may  be  mentioned  the  well-known  merchants,  Messrs  Almon 
L.  and  Elery  F.  Goss.  A  full  account  of  the  later  generations  is  given  in  the 
"Goss  Family  Chronicles,"  written  by  William  H.  Boomer. 

The  first  perhaps  of  the  early  settlers  to  die  was  John  AUman,  who  at  his 
death.  May  17,  1791,  had  been  a  resident  for  two  or  three  years.  He  married 
Mary  Goss,  widow  of  Hugh  Parkhurst,  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  and  had  two 
daughters,  Betsey,  who  married  Nathaniel  Moody,  of  Minot,  and  Sally,  who 
married  John  Witham. 

William  and  Susan  Roy  all  settled  in  the  center  of  the  town  on  the  farm 
now  occupied  by  John  Gowell  in  1780.  They  had  five  children,  Jacob,  Susan, 
William,  Elizabeth,  and  Isaac.  The  two  first  mentioned,  on  the  death  of  their 
parents,  became  members  of  the  family  of  Samuel  and  Rebecca  (Stinchfield) 
Tarbox,  who  in  1803  lived  in  the  first  school  district. 

Matthias  Vickery,  who  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town  not  far  from 
the  Androscoggin  river,  between  1782  and  1784,  had  by  his  two  wives,  Ruth 


Town  of  Danville.  711 


Horton  and  Elizabeth  Wagg,  a  patriarchial  family  of  19  children,  of  whom  four 
died  in  childhood.  The  sons  that  settled  in  Danville  were  James,  who  married 
Rebecca  Penley  and  had  11  children,  Matthias,  Jr,  who  married  Sally  Dingley 
and  had  eight  children,  and  Samuel,  who  married  Nabby  Fogg  and  had  11 
children. 

For  'ts  excellent  series  of  records,  Danville  has  been  indebted  to  several 
painstaking  clerks,  but  to  none  of  them  for  a  longer  period  than  to  Ebenezer 
Witham.  His  father,  a  native  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  was  one  of  the  first  to 
settle  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town,  moving  there  soon  after  1780. 
His  mother  was  Sarah  Hool.  They  had  eight  children,  of  whom  four  married 
and  had  children.  Two  of  the  sons,  John  and  Ebenezer,  were  on  the  board  of 
selectmen  over  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

True  Woodbury,  a  native  of  Newbury,  Mass.,  married,  in  1780,  Susanna 
Nevins,  of  New  Gloucester,  and  shortly  after  settled  in  what  was,  20  years 
later,  the  fourth  school  district.  He  had  15  children,  and  his  sons  and  grand- 
sons have  been  prominent  in  town  affairs.  To  the  same  neighborhood  and  at 
about  the  same  time  came  William  and  James  Nevins,  natives  of  Gloucester, 
Mass.,  and  presumably  brothers.  William  married  Elizabeth  Ray,  had  five 
children,  and  died  July  23,  1800.  James  married  Joanna  Haskell  and  had 
11  children,  the  eldest,  James,  being  born  in  Poland,  and  the  second,  William, 
in  New  Gloucester.  He  died  May  19,  1832;  his  wife  survived  him  and  died 
January  31,  1848,  in  her  90th  year.  John  Walker,  a  native  of  Windham,  with 
his  wi'fe,  Jane  Lake,  came  to  this  district  about  1790.  The  names  of  six  of 
their  children  are  given  in  the  town  lecords.  So  also  are  the  names  of  the 
seven  children  of  Nathaniel  and  Sarah  (Morgan)  Sawyer,  who  lived  here  from 
1790  till  their  death  in  1828. 

Joseph  Dresser,  a  native  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  married  there  December  5, 
1778,  Mary  Lane,  and  settled  previous  to  1782  directly  opposite  Dresser's  rips, 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  E.  H.  Hutchins.  They  had  four  children,  of  whom 
only  two  have  descendants,  Mary,  who  married  William  Moody,  2d,  and 
Martha,  who  married  Joseph  Davis.  Dr  Joseph  D.  Davis,  of  Auburn,  and 
James  F.  Davis,  for  many  years  proprietor  of  the  Maine  Hotel,  were  children 
of  the  latter.  Aaron  Dresser,  a  brother  of  Joseph,  married  Alice  Rowe  and 
cleared,  about  1782,  a  farm  on  the  cross  road  near  his  brother's,  which  came  to 
be  known  as  the  Michael  Holland  place,  from  his  son-in-law.  He  had  nine 
children  and  died  February  25,  1845,  in  his  87th  year. 

Edward  and  William  Plummer  settled  in  what  was  afterwards  the  fifth 
school  district,  between  1787  and  1789.  They  were  natives  of  Scarborough 
and  presumably  brothers.  William  married  Abigail  Jordan  and  had  nine 
children,  whose  descendants  still  live  here.  He  died  October  29,  1838,  in  his 
81st  year.  Edward  married  Deborah  Bragdon  and  had  two  sons  and  four 
daughters. 


712  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


There  were  several  families  b}^  the  name  of  Larrabee  among  the  early 
settlers,  but  the  only  one  known  to  have  come  previous  to  1790  was  Solomon, 
who,  with  his  wife,  Lucy  Dunn,  and  eight  children,  was  living  in  this  district 
in  1803. 

Richard  Hollis,  a  native  of  Weymouth,  Mass.,  is  perhaps  the  only  one  of 
the  early  settlers  in  the  sixth  school  district  that  has  no  descendants  of  the 
name  now  resident  in  town.  He  married,  February  13, 1777,  Sarah  Hanscome, 
of  Cape  Elizabeth,  and  had  five  sons  and  seven  daughters.  He  died  March  11, 
1815,  of  typhus  fever,  at  that  time  prevalent  in  this  region. 

George  Leach,  a  native  of  Cape  Elizabeth,  came  to  this  portion  of  the 
town  with  his  wife,  Catherine  Wheeler,  about  1788.  They  had  five  sons  and 
three  daughters. 

Moses  Hanscom,  of  Cape  Elizabeth,  married  Molly  McGray,  of  Harpswell, 
and  lived  in  this  district  with  his  seven  daughters  and  three  sons,  of  whom  the 
late  Rev.  Moses  Hanscom,  of  Auburn,  was  the  youngest. 

James  Wagg,  a  native  of  Cape  Elizabeth,  settled  iu  the  south  part  of  the 
town,  on  the  river  road,  as  early  as  1780.  He  married  Dorcas  Strout  and  had, 
besides  five  daugliters,  three  sons,  Samuel,  James,  and  Williaui  P.,  several  of 
whose  descendants  are  residents  of  Auburn. 

One  of  the  few  natives  of  New  Hampshire  among  the  early  citizens  of  the 
town  was  David  Gross,  who,  with  his  wife,  Sally  Newell,  came  in  1791.  They 
had  seven  sons  and  five  daughters.  He  died  January  3,  1837,  and  his  widow 
June  28,  1859,  iu  her  85th  year. 

Lemuel  Dyer,  of  Cape  Elizabeth,  removed  to  Danville  about  1782,  and  was 
prominent  in  town  affairs  until  his  death,  January  1, 1813.  He  married  Sarah 
Leach,  who  died  January  29, 1847,  in  her  86th  year.  They  had  three  sons  that 
died  in  childhood,  and  seven  daughters. 

Benning  and  Samuel  S.,  sons  of  Capt.  John  Wentworth,  of  Kittery,  a 
veteran  of  the  old  French  as  well  as  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  were  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Pejepscot.  Benning,  named  for  his  father's  uncle.  Gov. 
Benning  Wentworth,  of  New  Hampshire,  enlisted  in  his  father's  company  in 
1776  and  served  for  five  years.  He  had  a  family  of  eight  children,  three  sons 
and  five  daughters.  In  1816  he  removed  to  Ohio  with  his  entire  family,  except 
the  eldest  daughter,  Sarah  B.,  who  married  the  Rev.  James  Garcelon.  A 
year  before  his  death  he  had  over  50  grandchildren  living,  nearly  all  in  the 
west.  Samuel  Salley  Wentworth  settled,  soon  after  his  marriage,  on  the  River 
road,  and  had  eight  children,  of  whom  the  two  youngest  were  burned  to 
death  in  1819.  Two  daughters,  Sarah  Bartlett  and  Elizabeth  Jordan,  married 
their  neighbors,  Ephraim  and  Joseph  Crockett.  Of  the  two  sons,  William 
settled  in  Ohio  and  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  War  ;  Foster  settled  finally 
in  Norway,  and  had  seven  children,  of  whom  William  H.  and  Charles  B.  died, 
iu  1864,  in  the  service  of  the  United  States. 


Town  of  Danville.  713 


Ephraim  Crockett  and  his  wife,  Rebecca  Stanford,  came  from  Cape  Eliza- 
beth about  1789.  They  had  ten  children,  nearly  all  of  whom  married  and  reared 
large  families.  Their  son  Ephraim's  descendants  alone  numbered  nearly  100 
persons  when  the  latter's  widow  died  in  1875. 

Andretv  Robinson  G-iddin(/e,  commonly  known  as  "  Squire  "  Giddinge,  was 
both  one  of  the  first  settlers  and  most  prominent  citizens  of  Pejepscot.  He 
was  of  the  sixth  generation  in  descent  from  George  Giddinge,  who  came  from 
St  Albans,  Hertfordshire,  England,  to  Ipswich,  Mass.,  in  1635,  and  was  a  prom- 
inent man,  serving  as  deputy  to  the  General  Court  for  ten  years.  He  was 
named  for  his  great-grandfather,  Capt.  Andrew  Robinson,  who  was  a  great- 
grandson  of  Rev.  John  Robinson,  the  famous  pastor  at  Leyden,  of  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers.  Squire  Giddinge  was  born  September  22,  1763,  at  Gloucester,  Mass., 
the  native  town  and  residence  of  his  parents,  Capt.  Andrew  and  Elizabeth 
(Davis)  Giddinge.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  who  had  served  during  the 
French  and  Indian  War  and  was  lost  at  sea  during  the  Revolution,  young 
Giddinge  left  Duramer  Academy,  where  he  had  been  a  pupil  for  several 
years,  and  entered  the  employment  of  Daniel  Sargeant,  a  merchant  of  Boston. 
After  a  year  he  embarked  upon  a  sea-faring  life,  and  on  his  second  voyage  to  the 
West  Indies  was  taken  prisoner  at  St  Christopher.  He  remained  in  prison 
some  time  and  then  was  sent  to  London  on  an  English  ship.  He  fortunately 
met  there  an  old  acquaintance,  Capt.  George  Hales,  who  procured  for  him  a 
protection  for  the  South  Sea  whale  fishery.  He  made  an  18  months'  voyage 
with  Capt.  Hales,  returning  to  London  with  a  ship-load  of  oil,  but  to  a  poor 
market.  Peace  hud  now  been  declared,  and  his  thoughts  turned  homewards. 
After  several  vain  attempts,  he  procured  passage  from  Amsterdam  to  New 
York  the  month  before  he  was  21.  He  subsequently  made  three  voyages  to 
Europe,  then  bought  an  extensive  tract  of  land  in  what  was  practically  a 
wilderness,  and  settled  in  Pejepscot  in  1787.  Here  he  resided  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  June  22, 1847.  His  home  for  a  third  of  a  century  was  the  large 
square  house  at  Danville  Corner  standing  behind  a  row  of  elm  trees.  These 
trees,  which  he  had  set  out  himself,  were  the  pride  of  his  old  age,  and  he  some- 
times referred  to  the  well-trodden  footpath  inside  the  row  as  his  quarter-deck. 
In  Danville,  Squire  Giddinge's  life  was  as  quiet  as  the  previous  portion  had 
been  adventurous.  As  a  trial  justice  he  held  court  and  gave  counsel  in  all 
legal  and  serai-legal  matters,  and  he  served  several  years  as  one  of  the 
justices  of  the  Court  of  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace.  He  was  the  one  most 
frequently  called  upon  by  the  community  to  draft  petitions,  survey  land,  and 
write  deeds.  For  several  years  he  held  an  innkeeper's  license,  and  his  house 
was  in  many  respects  the  social  center  of  the  town.  During  the  greater  part 
of  his  long  life  he  kept  a  diary,  still  in  the  possession  of  his  descendants,  and 
of  which  free  use  has  been  made  in  preparing  this  sketch.  He  was  a  remark- 
ably fine  penman.     With  a  pen  made  from  a  duck's  quill  he  could  write  the 


714  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Lord's  prayer  within  a.  circle  the  size  of  a  dime  with  such  distinctness  that  it 
could  be  read  with  the  naked  eye.  He  possessed  much  facility  in  the  compo- 
sition of  verse.    The  following  is  the  first  of  seven  stanzas  that  close  his  record 

for  1839: 

"  Time  still  waves  his  pinion,  nor  let  us  repine, 
But  chant  our  adieu  to  old  thirty-nine, 
For  its  mercies  be  thankful,  our  hearts  let  us  cheer, 
And  hope  in  our  God  for  the  coming  new  year." 

Especially  full  of  the  religious  hope  and  assurance  that  characterized  his 
long  life  of  honor  and  usefulness  are  the  verses  he  dictated  on  his  83d  birth- 
day, too  numerous  to  be  repeated  here,  but  which  remain  treasured  in  the 
memory  of  his  grandchildren.  Mr  Giddinge  was  twice  married.  His  first 
wife,  Anna  Lane,  died  December  12,  1798,  aged  31,  leaving  a  son  and  two 
daughters  ;  his  second,  Elizabeth  Parsons,  died  May  22,  1831,  leaving  two  sons. 
Anna,  the  eldest  child,  married  Col.  Nathaniel  L.  Ingersoll,  a  prominent  and 
influential  citizen  of  the  town,  and  had  several  children  who  maintain  the 
family  traditions.  Andrew  R.,  the  eldest,  and  Amos  T.,  the  youngest  son,  lived 
for  many  years  at  the  Corner,  but  none  of  the  name  are  now  resident  in 
town.  The  remaining  son.  Rev.  George  Parsons  Giddinge,  D.D.,  was  a  prom- 
inent member  of  the  Episcopal  church  in  Illinois  and  Missouri,  and  largely 
instrumental  in  the  establishment  of  Trinity  church  in  Lewiston. 

Captain  John  Penley,  who  became  a  resident  of  Pejepscot  previous  to  its 
incorporation,  and  whose  long  life  saw  the  end  of  its  municipal  existence,  has 
been  chosen  as  another  example  of  the  sturdy  and  able  men  who  have  been 
prominent  in  town  affairs  and  have  left  descendants  and  representatives  to 
follow  in  their  steps.  He  was  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Esther  (Fogg)  Penley, 
and  was  born  May  11,  1782,  near  Strout's  Point  in  Freeport,  then  included  in 
the  town  of  North  Yarmouth.  His  father,  born  in  Gloucestershire,  England, 
July  13,  1756,  had  a  rather  romantic  career.  Visiting,  one  day,  his  elder 
brother,  a  hatter  in  London,  he  strayed  down  to  the  docks,  was  seized  by  the 
press  gang,  hurried  on  board  a  war-ship,  which  sailed  without  allowing  him  the 
slightest  opportunity  to  communicate  witli  his  friends.  While  the  vessel  was 
cruising  off  the  Maine  coast,  angered  at  having  received  a  flogging  for  some 
trifling  offence,  he  with  a  messmate  stole  the  ship's  boat  and  came  ashore. 
Though  closely  pursued  the}^  succeeded  in  escaping.  He  enlisted  in  the 
American  army  in  the  war  that  shortly  followed,  served  several  years  and 
settled  near  its  close  in  Freeport.  His  son,  Capt.  John  Penley,  was  a  boy  of 
10  when  the  family  removed  in  1792  to  Pejepscot.  His  opportunities  for 
education  had  been  slight;  they  were  even  less  in  his  new  home,  but  he 
improved  them  to  such  an  extent  that  he  was  not  hampered  in  this  direction  in 
his  subsequent  successful  business  career.  He  married  early,  always  lived 
upon  a  farm,  and  sometimes  owned  and  operated  as  many  as  eight  or  ten,  but 


Town  of  Danville.  715 


the  purchase  and  sale  of  horses  and  cattle  was  the  occupation  in  which  he  was 
especially  interested  and  to  which  he  gave  much  attention  during  the  fourscore 
years  he  lived  in  Danville.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  now  important 
industry  of  sending  Maine  cattle  to  the  Brighton  market,  and  one  of  his  droves 
was  the  second  driven  out  of  the  state  to  that  market.  He  held  for  many 
years  the  position  in  the  state  militia  that  gave  him  the  title  by  which  he  was 
usually  known.  He  represented  the  town  in  the  legislature  in  1824  and  in 
1838,  and  was  repeatedly  elected  to  various  municipal  offices.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  in  1847  of  the  Auburn  bank — which  was  first  named  the 
Danville  bank  —  and  long  continued  one  of  its  directors.  He  had  a  place  in 
the  management  of  the  Lewiston  Falls  Bridge  Company,  for  forty  years  the 
most  important  of  the  local  corporations.  He  was  kind  towards  the  poor  and 
those  in  his  employ,  and  just  and  honorable  in  business.  Though  not  a 
member  of  any  church,  he  worshiped  with  and  was  much  interested  in  the 
welfare  of  the  Free  Baptist  church  near  his  homestead.  To  the  care  and 
repair  of  its  building  and  of  the  burying-ground  adjacent  he  gave  much,  in 
time  and  money,  during  his  life,  and  at  his  death  bequeathed  to  it  $1,000.  He 
died  January  13, 1873,  in  his  91st  year.  Captain  Penley  married  first,  in  1802, 
Desire  Dingley,  by  whom  he  had  thirteen  children,  and  second,  in  1834,  Julia 
A.  Wagg,  by  whom  he  had  five  children.  Rufus  Penley,  of  South  Auburn,  is 
one  of  the  four  surviving  children  of  the  first  marriage,  and  those  of  the 
second  are  represented  by  ex-Mayor  Penley,  of  Auburn. 


716  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


POLAND 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

Bakerstowk.  —  Grant  of — First  Location — Oiigin  of  Name  —  Proprietors  of — "A 
Township  Lost"  —  The  New  Grant  —  First  Division  of  Lots  —  Action  of  Proprietors  — 
Settlers  and  Improvements  in  1783 — Petition  of  Settlers,  1785  —  Bridgbam  &  Glover  Pur- 
chase—  Litigation  —  Final  Settlement  and  Award  to  Little. 

THE  history  of  Poland  commences  with  Bakerstown,  which  name  it  should 
have  taken  on  incorporation.  In  1735  John  Tyler,  Joseph  Pike,  and 
others,  "  officers  and  soldiers  in  the  expedition  to  Canada,  Anno  1690, 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  John  March,  Capt.  Stephen  Greenleaf,  and  Capt. 
Philip  Nelson,"  petitioned  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  for  two  town- 
ships of  land  in  consideration  of  their  military  services.  The  petition  was 
granted  February  3, 1736.  One  of  these  townships  —  Bakerstown^  —  "was  laid 
out  Westerly  of  Merrimack  river,  and  northerly  of  and  adjoining  to  Contoo- 
cook,  by  Richard  Hazzen,  surveyor,  at  the  direction  of  the  Honorable  Thomas 
Berry,  Esq.,  Charles  Peirce  and  John  Hobson,  Esqs.,  October  23,  1739,"  and 
allotted  to  these  proprietors:  Capt.  Stephen  Greenleaf,  Deacon  Joshua  Moody, 
Joseph  Gould,  Joseph  Page,  Jr,  Elisha  Sweatt,  John  Kent,  Caleb  Moody, 
Nathanael  Clark,  John  Thurlo,  Joseph  Osgood,  Samuel  George,  Hannah 
Bolton,  Capt.  John  Sargent,  Benjamin  Hoag,  John  Badger,  Samuel  Smith,  Jr, 
Jonathan  Marsh,  Joseph  Ilsley,  Gideon  Lowell,  Stephen  Chase,  Joseph  Short, 
Thomas  Huse,  John  Lunt,  Abraham  Titcomb,  Joseph  Pike,  James  Brown, 
Stephen  Longfellow',  Stephen  Longfellow '^  Samuel  Bartlet  y''  3d,  Nathanael 
Barnard,  Capt.  Thomas  Hale,  Jeremiah  Goodridge,  Capt.  Thomas  Wallingford, 
John  March,  Rev'd  Mr  William  Johnson,  William  Huse,  Joseph  Davis,  Henry 
Do  we,  Samuel  Sargent,  Samuel  Silver,  Robert  Savory,  Tristram  Greenleaf, 
Eleazer  Hudson,  Dr  Joseph  Hills,  Thomas  Challis,  Jonathan  Blaisdel,  James 
Toppan,  Daniel  Bradley,  David  Bartlet,  Peter  Ayers,  Eleazer  Johnson,  Lazarus 
Goodwin,  James  Anderton,  John  Littleale,  Edward  Emerson,  Zachariah  Beal, 
Capt.  John  Sergent,  Percival  Clark,  Ebenezer  Stewart,  Joseph  Holland.  Massa- 
chusetts at  this  time  claimed  the  greater  part  of  Laconia,  and  Bakerstown  was 
located  where  is  now  the  town  of  Salisbury.     In  1740  the  Masonian  claim  met 

1  According  to  J.  J.  Dearborn,  M.D.,  historian  of  Salisbury,  N.  H.,  the  township  by  common 
consent  received  its  name  in  honor  of  the  brave  Capt.  Thomas  Baker,  who  in  1720  killed  the  sachem 
"SVaternumus  on  the  bank  of  the  rapid  stream  entering  the  Pemigewasset  near  Plymouth,  still  called 
Baker's  river.    So  little  was  known  of  the  country  that  this  grant  was  considered  to  lie  in  that  vicinity. 


-• 


Town  of  Poland.  717 


with  kind  reception  from  George  II,  who  in  1741  settled  the  question  of 
boundary  by  creating  the  Province  of  New  Hampshire,  and  the  Massachusetts 
title  was  invalid. 

Coming  events  had  cast  their  shadow  before,  and  at  a  proprietors'  meeting 
held  September  29,  1740,  "the  Proprietors  being  informed  that  by  the  Deter- 
mination of  his  Majesty  in  Council  relating  to  the  controverted  Bounds 
between  the  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  and  New  Hampshire  we  were 
excluded  from  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  to  which  we  always 
supposed  ourselves  to  belong;  therefore  it  is  unmiimousli/  Voted  that  a  Petition 
be  preferred  to  the  King's  most  Excellent  Majesty,  setting  forth  our  distressed 
condition  and  praying  we  may  be  continued  in  the  said  Province  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts." Thomas  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  was  "Impowered  to  present  the  Petition 
to  His  Majesty  in  our  behalf,"  etc.  This  was  of  no  avail,  and  Bakerstown  "on 
the  Merrimack  and  adjoining  Contoocook "  was  abandoned.  Nothing  was 
further  done  until  we  find  this  record  in  the  ancient  volume  of  Proju-ietors' 
Proceedings : 

Whereas  there  was  a  Township  granted  by  the  Government  of  Massachuseth  Anno  1736,  to  a 
number  of  Officers  and  Soldiers  their  Heirs  &c.  for  their  Service  in  the  Canada  Expedition,  Anno, 
1690,  as  ])y  the  foregoing  Records  may  more  fully  appear,  in  which  Township  they  had  laid  out  Lots, 
built  Mills  and  Houses,  and  had  been  at  great  Cost  and  Charge  in  bringing  forward  the  settlement  of 
the  same.  Which  by  running  the  late  Line  between  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire 
fell  into  the  latter.  After  divers  Petitions  and  applications  to  his  late  Majesty  King  George  the 
Second;  and  also  to  the  Government  of  New  Hampshire  for  said  Township  to  be  Coniirm'd  to  them  all 
which  petitions  and  applications  were  in  vain,  therefore  tlie  said  Township  was  given  up  as  lost  from 
Anno  1754  to  Anno  17()4,  at  which  time  the  Proprietors  having  hope  that  the  Government  of  the  Massa- 
chuseth would  grant  them  another  Township  in  lieu  of  that  lost,  thereupon  a  Number  of  the  former 
Proprietors  met  together  and  appointed  an  Agent  to  Sollicit  their  cause  at  the  General  Court  of  said 
Province  of  the  Massachusetts  for  some  redress  either  in  Lands,  or  in  such  way  and  manner  as  to  said 
Court  should  seem  meet,  the  Transactions  of  which  affair  are  more  fully  set  forth  in  the  following 
Records: 

In  March,  1764,  Major  Samuel  Gerrish  was  chosen  "  to  petition  the  Great 
and  General  Court  for  some  Relief  for  a  township  lost,"  the  next  year  Captain 
Moses  Little  and  Col  Jonathan  Bagley  were  chosen  to  join  Major  Gerrish,  and 
in  1765  was  made  the  following : 

Proprietors  Agreement  with  ye  Agents.  —  That  our  Agents  Maj.'''  Samuel  Gerrish,  Capt. 
Moses  Little  &  Col.  Jonathan  Bagly,  who  are  to  Sollicite  the  Great  &  Gen.""'  Court  for  a  Grant  of  a 
Township  of  the  unappropriated  Land  in  this  Province  in  lieu  of  a  Township  Granted  to  a  number  of 
Officers  &  Soldiers  in  the  Canada  Expedition  call'd  Bakers  Town,  which  Township  by  the  late  running 
the  Province  Line  has  fallen  into  New  Hampshire  That  they  shall  have  &  enjoy  all  the  Lands  the 
said  Great  and  Gen."''  Court  shall  Grant  to  the  former  Owners  or  Proprietors  of  said  Bakers  Town,  over 
and  above  Six  Miles  and  Three  Quarters  of  a  Mile  Square  in  full  Satisfaction  for  all  their  trouble 
charge  &  expence  in  preferring  the  said  Petition  and  getting  a  Township  Granted  And  if  the  said 
General  Court  should  be  pleased  not  to  grant  a  Township  over  and  above  Six  Miles  and  Three  quarters 
of  a  Mile  Square,  then  they  our  said  Agents  Gerrish,  Little  and  Bagley  to  be  at  the  whole  expence 
without  any  charge  to  the  Proprietors,  and  if  any  more  than  Six  miles  and  three  quarters  of  a  mile 
Square  should  be  granted  they  the  said  Agents  to  have  it  and  to  take  it  in  proportion,  in  every  Division 
of  Lotts  that  shall  be  laid  out  in  said  Township. 


718  History  of  Androscoggik  County. 

Through  the  earnest  labors  of  their  agents,  the  General  Court  granted  in 
1765  to  the  Bakerstown  proprietors  "a  township  of  land  in  the  Province  of 
Maine  to  be  laid  out  on  east  side  of  Saco  river,  and  to  adjoin  some  former 
grants."  This  was  to  be  seven  and  one-half  miles  square,  8,600  acres  being 
allowed  for  water  in  ponds.  The  location  was  not  to  interfere  with  the 
Pejepscot  claim  or  New  Gloucester. 

The  First  Division  of  Lots  was  made  or  drawn  December  23,  1767,  by  Mr 
Simon  Ayer,  Capt.  Robert  Sergent,  and  Capt.  Moses  Little,  as  follows : 

Capt.  Stephen  Greenleaf  61,  Deacon  Joshua  Moody  48,  Henry  Eaton  4,  Elisha  Sweatt  22,  John 
Kent  86,  Caleb  Moody  63,  Nathaniel  Clark  90,  John  Thorla  58,  Joseph  Osgood  34,  Samuel  George  87, 
Hannah  Bolton  83,  Capt.  John  Sergent  39,  Benjamin  Hoag  88,  John  Badger  70,  Samuel  Smith  Jun."" 
9,  Jonathan  Marsh  75,  Joseph  Ilsley  32,  Gideon  Lowell  11,  Stephen  Chase  2,  Joseph  Short  21,  Thomas 
Huse  5,  Thos  Berry  Esq.  100,  Samuel  Bartlet  M  81,  John  Lunt  97,  Abr.m  Titcomb  30,  Joseph  Pike 
89,  James  Brown  47,  Stephen  Longfellow  40,  Stephen  Longfellow  98,  Nathaniel  Barnard  79,  Capt. 
Tho.s  Hale  78,  Jeremiah  Goodridge  50,  Col.  Tho.s  Wallinsford  33,  John  March  72,  Rev'd  Will'"  Johnson 
13,  William  Huse  53,  Joseph  Davis  57,  Henry  Dowe  7,  Samuel  Sargent  .36,  Sam.e'  Silver  94,  Robert 
Savory  93,  Tristram  Greenleaf  20,  Eleazer  Hudson  82,  William  Johnson  Rev.<J  99,  Joseph  Hills  31, 
Thomas  Challis  43,  Jonathan  Blasdel  27,  James  Toppan  6,  Daniel  Bradley  56,  David  Bartlet  3,  Peter 
Ayer  65,  Eleazer  Johnson  55,  Lazarus  Goodwin  10,  James  Anderton  91,  John  Littleale  28,  Edward 
Emerson  37,  Zachariah  Beal  69,  Capt.  John  Sergent  77,  Percival  Clark  1,  Ebenezer  Stewart  12,  Joseph 
Holland  66,  Joseph  Gould  62,  First  Minister  52,  Ministerial  Right  29,  Harvard  CoUedge  17,  School  44, 
Jona  Bagley  Esq  80,  67,  49,  92,  54,  19,  60,  25,  61,  84,  74;  Captain  Moses  Little  85,  46,  23,  16,  96,  35,  71,  76, 
18,  41,  24;  Major  Samuel  Gerrish  51,  15,  26,  8,  14,  45,  95,  73,  42,  68,  59. 

The  proprietors'  meetings  are  held  in  Newbury  and  Amesbury  up  to  May  14, 
1798.  It  was  voted  "  to  receive  the  plan  of  the  new  township  obtained  by 
our  agents  in  lieu  of  Bakers  Town  lost";  also  that  "the  reward  heretofore 
voted  to  their  agents  is  a  sufficient  reward  to  them  for  their  time  trouble 
and  expense  in  getting  the  new  township,  etc.,"  and  "if  Ten  of  the  proprie- 
tors will  settle  on  the  new  Township  within  one  year  they  shall  have  Ten 
Dollars  each  for  their  encouragement  paid  by  the  proprietors,  also  to  build  a 
saw-mill  in  the  new  township  and  a  town  house  and  to  clear  roads,  etc."  The 
three  agents  are  allowed  to  settle  five  additional  families.  Capt.  Robert  Ser- 
gent and  Capt.  Daniel  Bradley  are  chosen  to  lot  out  the  new  township  ;  they 
are  to  be  paid  "  25  shillings  per  day  (old  tenor)  for  their  service  and  find 
them."  David  Bradley,  Samuel  Little,  Simon  Ayer,  and  Ezra  Hale  to  be 
chainmen  at  20  shillings,  old  tenor,  per  day  and  "find  them."  100  acres  are 
to  be  laid  out  to  each  proprietor,  and  i90  are  voted  to  lay  out  ninety  lots. 
April  7,  1767,  "the  committee  to  lay  out  lots  are  to  clear  a  road  from  the 
settlement  of  New  Gloucester  into  the  township  where  they  lay  out  the  lots,  and 
build  a  log  house  for  the  benefit  of  the  settlers."  December  28  it  was  voted 
to  pay  the  committee  (Little  and  others)  XlOO,  old  tenor,  for  building  the 
house  and  clearing  the  road  from  the  mill  in  New  Gloucester  up  to  the 
house ;  also  to  build  a  bridge  over  Little  Androscoggin  river,  and  to  prosecute 
any  person  or  persons  that  shall  trespass  upon  their  township.  1768,  March 
21,  voted  to  build  a  saw-mill  for  the  settlers,  to  give  "  a  number  not  exceeding 


Town  of  Poland.  719 


te  1  that  should  build  a  house  20  feet  long  and  18  feet  broad  on  the  town  and 
fij;ish  it  for  the  reception  of  a  family  within  eight  months,  and  live  in  the 
S},me,  ten  dollars  for  their  encouragement."  A  reward  was  voted  to  Nathanael 
Layley  and  John  Nevens  (he  was  axeman  of  the  first  surveying  party, 
f  ccording  to  tradition  cut  the  first  tree  felled,  and  was  a  resident  of  the  town 
from  17G8  to  1832,  when  he  died,  over  100  years  old)  for  information  concern- 
ing trespassers  engaged  in  cutting  timber.  1769,  January  2,  committee's 
report  of  the  laying  out  of  the  first  division  of  lots  is  accepted,  and  their 
account  of  £472-3-2  O.  T.  (lawful  money  £63-7-0)  allowed.  April  11  a 
committee  was  chosen  to  "  view  a  site  for  a  saw-mill,  purchase  it,  and  have  a 
mill  erected  upon  it."  Jnly  4  voted  to  raise  £57,  L.  M.,  to  bring  forward  the 
settlement  of  the  new  township.  Lot  24  in  First  Division  chosen  as  the  best 
site  for  a  mill.  October  10  a  committee  was  appointed  to  lay  out  a  highway 
from  New  Gloucester  head  line  to  the  saw-mill  in  Bakerstown  and  to  agree  with 
some  person  or  persons  to  clear  and  make  passable  the  same.  James  Ordway 
is  granted  lot  2  in  the  additional  lots,  in  lieu  of  lot  20  in  the  first  division 
which ''has  fallen  into  a  great  swamp  and  will  not  do  to  settle  on."  He 
reports  having  a  man  at  work  upon  the  lot  asked  for. 

1770,  August  6,  Capt.  Moses  Little  and  Capt.  Robert  Sergent  were  chosen 
to  build  a  saw-mill  in  the  township  for  the  proprietors  in  case  Abel  Sawyer,  Jr, 
fail  of  building  a  mill  by  the  first  day  of  September  next.  This  committee  was 
later  instructed  "  to  view  and  spot  out  a  road  from  New  Gloucester  to  Gushing 
Town,"  etc.;  the  settlers  were  given  leave  to  cut  the  grass  in  the  meadows, 
etc.;  it  was  voted  "that  if  a  number  of  men  to  the  amount  of  eight  will  settle 
upon  either  of  the  additional  lots  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9  or  10  and  clear  five  acres  in 
one  year  from  this  date ;  also  build  a  house  and  finish  the  same  fit  for  the 
reception  of  a  family,  shall  have  the  lot  settled,"  etc.  1771,  March  15,  a  com- 
mittee was  chosen  to  treat  with  James  McHurd,  Esq.,  about  a  lot  of  land  on 
which  the  saw-mill  is  built.  1772,  March  2,  voted  to  pay  Nathanael  Bayley  £4 
for  work  done  on  the  county  road  in  Bakerstown.  July  2,  action  was  taken 
about  a  bridge  across  the  Little  Androscoggin  river.  1773,  March  29,  the 
proprietors  are  in  debt  £469-9-4  on  account  of  Bakerstown,  and  have  due 
them  from  unpaid  taxes  £712-1-0.  October  11  inducements  were  offered  for 
settlers :  2,500  acres  to  any  who  will  cut  down  and  clear  up  30  acres  a  year 
yearly  for  four  years  and  settle  three  families  within  two  years,  four  families 
the  third  year,  and  three  families  the  fourth  year.  Major  Samuel  Gerrish  is 
granted  land,  and  169  milled  dollars,  on  condition  that  he  build  a  bridge  before 
October,  1774,  over  Little  Androscoggin  river  at  the  end  of  the  county  road  in 
lot  74.  1775,  March  6,  voted  to  lay  out  a  second  division  of  land,  of  200 
acres,  to  each  original  right  or  share,  also  took  measures  to  build  a  bridge  over 
the  river  at  Mr  Emery's  mill.  1777,  March  3,  allowed  John  Nevens  a  bill  of 
£44-14-6  O.  T.  for  helping  to  lay  out  lots,  clearing  roads,  and  mending  high- 


720  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


ways  in  1767,  1768,  1770,  1775,  1776.  Voted  to  give  60  fifty-acre  lots  of  the 
undivided  land  to  those  proprietors  already  settled,  and  to  such  as  shall  begin 
to  clear  the  next  summer  and  settle  a  family  by  March  3, 1778.  April  7  votod 
to  lay  out  46  acres  to  Mr  Stephen  Rawlings.  April  9  Moses  Emery  and 
Thomas  Bayley,  of  Bakerstown,  were  chosen  surveyors  of  highways.  1770, 
March  1,  a  committee  is  chosen  to  agree  with  Lieut  Moses  Emery  or  som3 
other  person  to  build  a  grist-mill  for  the  benefit  of  the  settlers.  1780,  Thomas 
Bayley,  Edmund  Bay  ley,  and  Moses  Emery  are  allowed  bills  for  services  in  the 
new  town,  and  Samuel  Shaw,  Thomas  Bayley,  and  Nathaniel  Shaw  are  to  see 
that  the  timber  in  the  township  be  not  cut.  1782,  March  4,  voted  to  lay  out 
the  undivided  land,  and  Samuel  Emerson,  Simeon  Bartlett,  Nathan  Ayer, 
Zebulon  Davis  chosen  to  do  this.  They  were  authorized  to  warn  off  all 
settlers  they  are  satisfied  have  no  right  under  the  proprietors,  and  notices  of 
warning  were  posted  in  Bakerstown  and  New  Gloucester.  1783,  March  3,  a 
committee  was  appointed  "  to  consider  the  affair  of  Mr  Parsons  and  others  that 
have  taken  up  land  in  the  town,"  which  reported  that  "  all  the  non-proprietors 
that  were  settled  in  the  township  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1781,  excepting 
Eliezer  Parsons,  son  of  Philemon  Parsons,  if  they  will  peacibly  and  quietly 
quit  all  their  pretended  right  and  title  to  land  they  have  laid  out  to  themselves 
shall  be  allowed  50  acres  each  in  the  first  division  of  lots  that  are  not  drawn  — 
each  two  of  them  to  draw  (a)  100  acre  lot  and  stand  an  equal  share  with  the 
proprietors  in  drawing  said  lots,  and  if  they  will  not  compl}^  with  this  offer,  as 
they  came  in  illegally  they  shall  not  be  intitled  to  any  land  in  the  town." 
1784,  January  8,  voted  to  pay  Lieut  Moses  Emery  $100  for  building  a  saw-mill 
and  grist-mill,  and  to  excuse  him  for  his  neglect  in  not  building  the  mill 
according  to  contract,"  etc.  June  7  voted  to  draw  the  lots  laid  out  in  the 
[second]  division  of  lots,  and  a  committee  chosen  to  examine  into  the  failure 
of  Lieut  Moses  Emery  in  not  having  his  grist  and  saw-mills  in  repair,  etc.  The 
report  of  Amos  Davis,  who  surveyed  the  land,  gives  the  early  settlers'  names 
and  other  items  of  interest. 

As  to  the  good  land  it  is  chietiys  on  the  two  miles  iu  width  on  the  SW  side  I  find  con- 
siderable good  land  but  much  hurt  by  that  on  many  good  hills  the  large  trees  are  but  few 
it  Diay  be  depended  on  that  the  watry  pouds  are  nearly  as  laid  down  on  the  plan  &  I  have 
measured  the  meadows  likewise  the  lots  that  I  find  Settlers  are  as  follows,  viz  Lot  No  1  on 
the  SW  end  taken  up  about  3  or  four  years  ago  by  Andrew  Adams  &  Will.'"  Wells— Chitman 
is  on  the  same  lot. 

I  find  Chitman  improving  on  lot  No  3:4:34:35  the  corner  falls  into  his  field. 

I  find  Joseph  Varrel  &  Jo  Harrison  improving  on  lot  No  40. 

I  find  Philamon  Parsons  improving  on  lot  No  41. 

I  find  [Samuel]  Jordan  &  John  Row  improving  lot  42. 

I  find  [John]  Matthews  &  Josiah  Thomas  &  Allen  improving  lot  71. 

I  find  John  Woster,  Jackson,  Ring  &  [Ephraim]  Brigs  all  living  and  improving  on  lot  No  70. 

I  find  Barnard  Briggs  living  &  improving  lot  G9. 

I  find  Gersham  Home  living  and  improving  on  lot  No  79. 


Town  of  Poland.  721 


I  find  Simeon  Homes  living  and  improving  on  lot  No  80. 

I  find  a  considerable  opening  fell  last  Summer  by  Benj"  Farnham  on  lots  No  67:68. 

N  B  By  computation  it  may  be  seen  that  there  is  more  land  than 
.  was  expected  as  you  laid  the  same  on  the  plan. 

N  B  The  cause  of  2  lots  in  4  plases  being  of  the  same  numbers  because 

I  found  land  where  [water]  was  mark'd  on  the  plan. 

N  B  this  land  presented  here  was  compleated  in  running  and  bounding 

in  the  beginning  of  the  year  of  our  Lord  1783. 

1785,  March  9,  voted  to  give  Lieut  Moses  Emery  £5  in  full  for  building  the 
grist-mill.  1787,  April  9,  voted  to  build  a  meeting-house  30  feet  long,  24  feet 
wide,  and  9  feet  posts.  1788,  February  4,  Col  Josiali  Little  and  Christopher 
Sargeant  were  chosen  to  attend  the  next  session  of  the  General  Court  to 
exhibit  the  boundaries  of  Bakerstown  and  show  cause  why  the  petition  of 
John  Bridgham  and  others  should  not  be  granted,  and  to  present  the  plan  of 
Bakerstown  as  surveyed  by  Mr  Amos  Davis  in  1780  for  acceptance  and 
confirmation.  1789,  November  13,  line  between  New  Gloucester  and  Bakers- 
town surveyed.  1790,  March  15,  voted  to  build  the  meeting-house  30  feet 
square  and  11  feet  posts.  1791,  March  7,  lot  67  in  second  division  granted 
and  confirmed  to  Deacon  Edmund  Bayley  and  his  son,  Abner  Bayley,  for 
settling  the  original  rights  of  David  Bartlett  and  Eleazer  Johnson.  1793, 
March  4,  Josiah  Little  chosen  clerk  and  treasurer,  and  his  account  of  <£74-9-5 
toward  building  a  meeting-house  in  the  town  was  allowed.'  1795,  March  2, 
voted  to  sell  all  the  undivided  lands,  and  chose  Josiah  Little,  Silas  Little,  and 
David  Little  to  do  this.  1796,  voted  to  petition  the  General  Court  for 
£300-13-2  expended  in  defending  the  law  suits  brought  by  the  Commonwealth 
against  the  proprietors. 

While  the  proprietors  were  harassed  and  troubled  by  expensive  law  suits  to 
invalidate  their  title,  by  trespassers,  etc.,  the  settlers  were  in  equally  as  bad 
straits,  as  is  shown  by  this  petition. 

Petition  of  Settlers,  1785. — To  the  Honorable  Senate  &  the  Honorable  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  In  General  Court  Assembled  The  Petition  of  a  Number 
of  Settlers  In  the  Plantation  called  Bakerstown  in  the  County  of  Cumberland  —  Humbly  Shews  That 
Whereas  s^  Plantation  has  been  Several  times  Taxed  to  said  Commonwealth  —  Your  Petitioners  would 
humbly  beg  leave  to  Set  forth  to  the  Honorable  Court  our  utter  Inability  to  pay  Said  Taxes  or  any  part 
thereof,  which  Inability  we  think  Is  owing  In  a  great  measure  to  the  Neglects  of  the  Proprietors  of 
this  Plantation  — The  principles  of  which  are  as  follows  (Viz) 

Firstly  They  have  done  nothing  towards  any  Roads  In  s^  Plantation,  except  Cutting  out  what  is 
call'd  the  County  Road,  about  three  miles  &  Built  a  Bridge  over  a  River.  Thus  are  we  without  Roads 
except  what  any  Persons  are  pleased  to  do  at  their  own  Expeuce,  nor  will  the  Proprietors  allow 
anything  therefor 

Secondly  They  have  done  nothing  towards  Building  a  Meeting  House  or  Settling  a  Minister,  or 
having  any  Preaching  In  the  Place. 

Thirdly  We  have  been  without  the  Priviledge  of  a  Grist-mill  until  December  A.D.  1782.  In  conse- 
quence of  which  we  have  been  obliged  to  carry  our  Corn  Ten  or  Twelve  Miles  to  mill  with  Difficulty 
&  Expence  until  S<i  A.D.  1782. 

Fourthly  They  voted  that  every  settler  that  came  In  &  setled  In  a  certain  Term  of  Time  should 
have  Fifty  Acres  of  Land  —Since  have  warned  the  Settlers  off  that  came  In  &  setled  on  that  promise. 

1  This  was  on  the  plains  near  Minot  Corner  and  was  ready  for  use  in  1793. 


722  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Fifthhi  There  are  not  more  than  Four  or  Five  Proprietors  that  are  setled  In  the  Plantation  &  not 
more  than  Ten  or  Twelve  that  have  any  Security  for  their  Land;  nor  would  their  possessions  &, 
Interests  Vend  for  enough  to  pay  the  aforesaid  Taxes,  nor  are  we  In  any  capacity  to  Tax  the  Interest 
of  the  Proprietors  as  we  have  no  records,  nor  papers  relative  thereunto  nor  can  we  come  to  the 
knowledge  thereof 

Sixthly  The  lines  of  Said  Plantation  are  not  established  &  consequently  it  remains  unknown  how 
many  Setlers  are  In  Said  Plantation,  So  it  being  very  difficult  if  not  Impossible  to  assess  the  Said 
Sellers  equitably,  if  their  capacity  was  ever  so  agreeable  otherwise  to  pay  Taxes  S<i  setlers  have 
requested  s<i  Proprietors  to  establish  lines  sundry  terms,  but  it  yet  remains  unperformed 

Seventhhj  We  your  Petitioners  have  laid  before  said  Honourable  Court  a  Petition  for  a  redress 
respecting  ye  above  premises  &  according  to  the  return  we  have  had,  we  find  S^  Taxes  laid  upon  us 
were  Stayed  for  ye  term  of  six  months  that  we  be  put  In  a  better  capacity  for  paying  Taxes,  for 
which  favour  we  give  thanks —  But  our  capacity  for  paying  Taxes  as  it  appears  remains  no  better. 

Eighthly  We  have  lately  Taxes  sent  us  to  the  amount  of  903£-17s  to  be  assessed  upon  us  and  officers 

appointed  relative  thereto  —  Which  if  we  could  obtain  a  redress  of  the  above  premises  or  be  adjusted 

for  an  Incorporation  &  it  were  performed  we  doubt  not  but  we  should  feel  ourselves  willing  to  pay  any 

resonable  Tax  ye  Honourable  Court  should  see  meet  to  lay  upon  us  —  And  we  hope  through  the  kind 

Providence  of  our  Good  God  we  should  be  able  We  wovild  urge  the  aforesaid  Neglects  of  the  Proprietors 

together  with  our  extreme  poverty  &  look  to  your  Honours  for  direction  &  relief  by  abating  the  whole 

of  sd  Taxes  or  otherwise  as  In  your  Wisdom  you  shall  think  fit  &  as  in  Duty  bound  your  Petitioners 

shall  ever  Pray 

Bakerstown  October  Ye  22<i  1785. 

(signed)  Moses  Emery  1     ,, 

°  ^  ^  I     Committee 

JosiAH  Dunn  ^  ^  .  ■, 

„  ^        of  Said 

Samuel  Shaw  i  ^  , 
T^            .  Bakerstown. 

David  Andrews  J 

N.  B. 

The  19th  of  the  Above  mentioned  October  began  a  storm  of  Rain  &  continued  until  the  23''<i  of 
s^  Octbr  which  occatioud  such  an  Inundation  of  water  as  carried  off  both  the  Mills  &  all  ye  Bridges 
in  sd  Bakerstown  which  adds  greatly  to  our  poverty  &  distress.  We  the  above  Petitioners  would 
humbly  beg  the  S<J  Honourable  Court  to  send  a  committee  to  view  our  present  Circumstances. 

Moses  Emery 
JosiAH  Dunn 
Samuel  Shaw 
David  Andrews. 

Ill  1767  a  mistake  was  discovered  in  the  survey  and  also  that  it  conflicted 
with  the  Pejepscot  purcliase,  and  in  June,  1768,  an  order  was  secured  for  a  new 
location.  The  troublous  times  before  and  during  the  Revolution  prevented 
action  until  1780,  when  Amos  Davis  was  appointed  surveyor.  The  survey 
began  at  the  northerly  corner  of  New  Gloucester  and  run  on  its  head  line 
southwest  four  miles ;  then  northwest  seven  miles ;  then  northeast  to  Turner 
line;  then  by  Turner  to  Androscoggin  river;  then  down  the  river  to  Twenty- 
mile  falls ;  from  said  falls  to  New  Gloucester  line  400  rods  northeast  of  the 
place  of  commencement;  from  thence  to  the  corner.  The  plan  (returned  in 
February,  1781,)  was  submitted  to  a  joint  committee  of  the  General  Court,  but 
no  report  appears  on  record  and  the  original  plan  was  lost.  In  accepting  this 
survey  the  proprietors  excluded  all  land  not  confirmed  to  them  in  October,  1765. 

BridgJiam  ^  Glover  Purchase.  —  The  following  contract  was  the  cause  of 
serious  trouble  and  long  litigation  :  — 

It  is  agreed  between  Samuel  Phillips  jr  and  others,  a  committee  authorized  by  the  General  Court  to 
sell  the  unappropriated  lands  in  the  Counties  of  Cumberland  and  Lincoln  on  the  one  part  — and  John 


Town  of  Poland.  723 


Bridgham  of  Shepherdsfield,  gentleman,  and  John  Glover  of  New  Gloucester,  yeoman,  both  in  the 
County  of  Cumberland,  and  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  on  the  other  part  —  that  the  said 
committee  will  make  and  execute  to  the  said  Bridgham  and  Glover  a  good  and  lawful  deed  of  a 
certain  tract  of  land,  being  all  the  land  belonging  to  the  State  lying  between  the  towns  of  New 
Gloucester,  Gray,  Raymondton,  Otisfield,  Bakerstown  and  Shepherdsfield,  upon  the  said  Bridgham 
and  Glover  paying  the  said  committee  for  the  said  land  three  shillings  and  nine-pence  in  consolidated 
notes  of  this  Commonwealth,  and  three-pence  in  specie  per  acre  for  so  many  acres  as  Samuel  Titcomb 
of  Wells  shall  certify  to  the  said  committee,  that  the  said  tract  contains  without  his  making  any 
allowance  for  ponds,  bogs,  or  water  land.  And  the  said  Bridgham  and  Glover  engage  to  pay  the  said 
committee  for  the  tract  above-said  described,  at  the  rate  above  expressed,  one-half  at  the  time  of  receiv- 
ing the  deed,  and  the  other  half  within  nine  months  from  the  date  thereof,  with  interest  until  paid; 
which  deed  the  said  Bridgham  and  Glover  engage  to  appear  to  receive  at  the  office  of  the  committee 
within  one  month  from  the  time  the  said  Titcomb  shall  return  to  the  said  committee  a  plan  of  the  said 
land.  They  also  engage  to  pay  the  said  Titcomb  and  his  chainmen  the  expenses  of  surveying  the  said 
land  in  the  first  instance  the  same  to  be  credited  as  part  payment  for  the  land  aforesaid.  In  witness 
whereof  the  parties  aforesaid  have  hereunto  interchangeably  set  their  hands  and  seals,  this  22d  day  of 
June,  Anno  Domini,  1787. 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  Samuel  Phillips 

in  presence  of  Nathaniel  Wells 

Elijah  Williams  Leonard  Jarvis 

James  Lyon  Rufus  Putnam. 

N.  B.  It  is  understood  that  there  is  reserved  for  the  future  disposal  of  government,  100  acres  of 
land,  to  be  disposed  of  to  each  settler  who  settled  on  the  tract  of  land  aforesaid  before  June  1,  1784, 
and  made  a  separate  improvement  thereon,  on  his  application  and  payment  therefor,  to  be  laid  out  as 
will  best  include  his  improvement. 

Titcomb's  survey  covered  19,859  acres  belonging  to  Bakerstown,  as  shown 
by  the  accepted  plan  of  the  survey  of  Davis,  and  notwithstanding  the  Legisla- 
ture was  memorialized  by  the  Bakerstown  proprietors,  a  grant  of  20,959  acres 
was  issued  January  15,  1789,  to  John  Bridgham  and  (:)4  others,  bounded  thus: 
"Beginning  at  a  hornbine  tree  standing  on  the  south  line  of  Turner  about  2 
miles  174  rods  from  a  place  on  Araariscoggin  River,  called  the  Crooked 
Ripples;  thence  running  southwest  11  miles  260  rods  to  a  maple  tree;  thence 
northwest  three  miles;  thence  northeast  10  miles  and  90  rods  to  a  hemlock 
tree ;  thence  south  63|  °  east,  to  the  place  begun  at,"  etc.  In  June, 
1790,  John  Bridgham,  Amos  Dwinal,  and  John  Glover  were  authorized  to  com- 
mence actions  against  Bakerstown  for  possession,  etc.  March  5,  1792,  the 
General  Court  directed  the  Attorney-General  to  prosecute  those  claiming  on 
the  Bridgham  and  Glover  grant  under  Bakerstown,  and  he  filed  an  inforuiation 
in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Boston  iu  February,  1792,  against  the 
Bakerstown  projjrietors.  On  this  a  scire  facias  was  issued,  commanding  them 
to  appear  in  Portland  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  July,  1792,  ''to  shew  cause 
why  the  Commonwealth  should  not  be  re-seized  of  the  lands."  By  consent  of 
the  parties  (Commonwealth  sci.  fac,  plffs.,  vs.  Proprietors  of  Bakerstown),  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  session  at  Portland,  July  10,  1792,  assigned  to  the 
proprietors  of  Bakerstown  "  a  quantity  of  land  equal  tt)  a  tract  seven  and  a 
half    miles  square,   exclusive    of   8,600  acres  allowed   for    ponds  "  therein,  to 


724  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

be  included  within   the  bounds  of   the    original   confirmation   aforesaid,  and 
these  lines:  — 

Beginning  on  the  side  line  of  New  Gloucester,  427  rods  from  the  north  corner  of  the  said  New 
Gloucester;  thence  running  north  330  45'  427  rods  on  the  side  line  to  the  said  north  corner;  thence 
running  southwest,  on  the  head  line  of  said  New  Gloucester,  four  miles;  thence  running  northwest 
seven  miles  to  a  bound  in  Thompson's  Pond ;  thence  running  northeast  438  rods  to  a  pine  tree  standing 
on  the  shore  of  said  pond;  thence  continuing  the  said  course  from  the  said  pine  tree  ten  miles  and  209 
rods  to  a  spruce  tree,  the  two  last  lines  being  12  miles  and  27  rods  long;  thence  running  south  (JO*^  east 
150  rods,  to  the  corner  of  Turner;  thence  continuing  the  same  course  on  the  side  line  of  said  Turner 
towards  Androscoggin  River,  until  it  meets  the  curve  line  hereafter  mentioned;  also  hy  a  line  begin- 
ning at  the  bound  first  began  at,  and  running  from  thence  northeast  towards  the  Twenty-mile  or  Great 
Falls  on  Androscoggin  River  to  the  said  curve  line;  then  by  a  curve  line,  above  referred  to,  to  be 
drawn  parallel  to  said  river,  and  intersecting  the  said  side  line  of  Turner  at  one  end,  and  the  said  line 
running,  towards  the  said  Twenty-mile  Falls  at  the  other  end,  and  to  be  so  far  from  the  river  as,  with 
the  other  lines  aforesaid,  to  include  a  quantity  of  land  equal  to  a  tract  of  land  seven  miles  and  a  half 
square,  exclusive  of  8,600  acres  allowed  for  ponds. 

Robert  Southgate,  Esq.,  was  appointed  commissioner  and  David  Purrington 
surveyor  to  lay  out  the  lands  and  run  the  lines.  The  court  at  Boston,  in 
February,  1795,  accepted  Davis's  survey  in  part  and  Southgate  and  Purring- 
ton's  in  part,  and  confirmed  so  that  "  the  lines  of  Bakerstovvn  as  laid  down  by 
S.  &  P.'s  plan  be  the  true  line  of  Bakerstown,"  and  there  being  a  line  marked  on 
the  north  part  of  their  plan  (as  run  by  Davis  within  their  line)  by  which  about 
900  acres  were  cut  off,  the  court  then  declares  that  "this  line  run  by  Davis 
shall  be  the  north  bounds  of  Bakerstown  provideil  the  proprietors  release  all 
claim  of  right  and  interest  to  such  lands  within  these  bounds  as  were  actually 
settled  upon  them  before  Davis  run  his  line. 

In  March,  1814,  Josiah  Little  petitioned  the  court  on  behalf  of  the  Bakers- 
town proprietors  claiming  compensation  for  "  a  loss  of  more  than  2,000  acres  of 
their  most  valuable  land,  given  to  those  who  were  only  trespassers  or  parole 
tenants,"  etc.  The  court  appointed  a  committee  on  the  claim,  which  reported 
"  that  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  the  decision  made  in  October,  1793, 
exceeded  the  authority  given  by  the  act  of  June  18,  1791,  and  the  proprietors 
of  Bakerstown  are  thereby  deprived  of  2,253  acres."  The  Commissioners  of 
Land  Office  were  then  ordered  to  examine  into  the  facts,  and  they  reported 
that  "  the  proprietors  have  had  their  land  reduced  2,255  acres  and  65  rods 
below  what  was  understood  by  all  parties  at  the  original  inquest,  and  that 
those  having  the  interest  should  be  compensated  by  the  Commonwealth  for 
said  quantity  of  land  as  in  a  state  of  nature  at  the  time  when  the  judgment  was 
rendered."  The  selectmen  of  Minot,  Asaph  Howard,  Nicholas  Noyes,  and 
Charles  Moody  made  an  estimate  of  the  lands  "as  they  would  be  worth  in  a 
state  of  nature."  The  legislature  accepted  their  valuation,  and,  in  1823,  allowed 
Mr  Josiah  Little's  claim  of  $22,073  on  2,453i  acres.  None  of  his  expenses  in 
litigation  (S2,124.83)  were  allowed.  The  persons  holding  these  lands,  the  lots, 
number  and  value  of  acres  were  :  — 

Capt.  Daniel  Bucknam,  lots  12  and  13,  135^  acres,  $10  per  acre;  Gideon  Bearce,  lot  14,  20|  acres, 
$12  per  acre;    Capt.  John   Bridgham  &  Brothers,  lots  17,  18,  19,  20,  and  38,  300  acres,  $14  per  acre; 


Town  of  Poland.  725 


David  Rowe,  lot  37,  100  acres,  $8  per  acre;  David  Millett,  lot  72,  100  acres,  $8  per  acre;  John  Millett, 
lot  90,  100  acres,  $9  per  acre;  Benjamin  Clifford,  lot  73,  100  acres,  $9  per  acre;  Isaac  Allen  and  John 
Row,  lot  89,  100  acres,  $7  per  acre;  John  Coy,  lot  91,  134|  acres,  $12  per  acre;  Joseph  Clifford,  lot  124^ 
114^  acres,  f8  per  acre;  Elijah  Hackett,  113  acres,  $13  per  acre;  Isaac  Bearce,  lot  28,  25  acres,  $6  per 
acre;  Asa  Bearce,  lot  27,  (50  acres,  $7  per  acre;  Asa  Lowring,  lot  26,  50  acres,  $5  per  acre;  James  Hodg- 
kins,  100  acres,  $15  per  acre.    900  acres  above  Davis's  line  (in  Hebron)  were  estimated  at  $6^  per  acre. 


CHAPTER  XLII. 


lucorporation —  Surface  and  Soil  —  Early  Settlers — Hackett's  Mills  — Poland  Corner  — 
West  Poland  —  Early  Traders,  Etc.  —  Early  Taverns  —  South  Poland  —  Poland  Spring  — 
Mechanic  Falls— Paper-Making  —  Poland  Paper  Company  —  Other  Business  Interests  — 
Mechanic  Falls  Ledger  —  Physicians,  Etc. 

POLAND  was  incorporated,  the  95th  town,  from  Bakerstown  and  the 
Bridgham  &  Glover  purchase,  B^ebruary  17,  1795.  It  is  three-fourths 
surrounded  by  New  Gloucester,  Raymond,  and  Casco  in  Cumberland 
county,  and  Oxford  in  Oxford  county.  Minot  and  Auburn  bound  it  on  the 
northeast.  It  received  its  name,  it  is  said,  not  from  the  Indian  chief  Poland, 
but  the  old  hymn  tune  "Poland,"  so  great  a  favorite  with  Moses  Emery,  the 
agent  to  the  General  Court  to  secure  incorporation.  In  1827  part  of  Thompson 
Pond  plantation  was  annexed.  Minot  was  set  off  in  1802,  and  in  1852  a  small 
portion  was  set  off  to  Danville.  The  important  sections  are  East  Poland, 
West  Poland,  South  Poland,  Poland  (Corner)  or  the  Center,  Mechanic  Falls. 
Uast  Poland  includes  Marston  Corner,  The  Empire,  Minot  Corner,  Hackett's 
Mills,  Bailey  and  Harris  hills,  etc.;  South  Poland^  The  Range,  Ricker  and 
Shaker  hills,  etc. ;  West  Poland,  Megquier,  Johnson,  Allen,  and  Black-cat  hills, 
Herrick  valley,  and  The  Ridge  or  "Promised  Land,"  etc.  The  Center 
embraces  Poland  village,  White-oak  hill.  Pigeon  hill,  etc.  The  surface  is 
diversified;  in  the  east  level  and  uninteresting;  in  the  west  partaking  of  that 
charming  blending  of  hill,  valley,  and  lake  scenery  so  lovely  a  feature  of  the 
Oxford  Hills,  and  calling  up  visions  of  the  White  Mountains.  A  dreary  sand 
strip  of  varying  width  passes  through  the  middle  of  the  town,  formerly 
covered  with  one  of  the  finest  white-pine  growths  in  Maine,  from  which  before 
the  Revolution  were  cut  many  masts  and  spars  for  British  men-of-war. 
Beautiful  lands  or  "ponds"  add  attractions  to  the  landscape  of  the  western 
part.  The  most  picturesque  are  the  three  Range  ponds.  Thompson's  pond  on 
the  west  border  is  eight  miles  long,  two  wide,  and  stocked  with  fish.  Tripp 
pond  is  in  a  charming  rural  section,  and  a  fine  "horseback"  ridge  extends 
along  its  west  shore.  Quaker  Bog  pond  is  in  the  south,  and  the  gem-like 
Worthley  further  east.      Little  Androscoggin  river  winds  on  the  north  and 


726  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


separates  the  town  from  Minot,  and,  by  its  unusual  amount  of  water-power,  is 
a  great  natural  source  of  wealth. 

The  great  trail  of  the  Indians  between  the  Sebago  Lake  region  and  the 
lower  Androscoggin  passed  across  Bakerstown,  and  in  aboriginal  days  quite  a 
village  probably  occupied  permanently  the  country  around  Thompson  and 
Tripp  ponds,  and  Poland  Spring  was  quite  a  famous  resort.  Their  places  of 
sepulture  have  been  discovered  in  various  localities,  and  many  weapons  and 
implements  have  been  found. 

From  the  first  Poland  has  taken  high  rank  as  a  farming  town  and  many  of 
the  farmers  have  been  clear-headed,  intelligent,  successful  men.  The  attrac- 
tions of  the  town  have  brought  into  existence  the  model  farms  of  N.  Q.  Pope 
(White  Oak  Farms),  and  James  S.  Sanborn  (Elmwood  Farm),  which  not  only 
add  to  the  beauty  and  prosperity,  but  are  really  experimental  agricultural 
stations,  from  which  the  earnest  farmer  gathers  useful  information  to  be  turned 
to  account  on  his  own  domain.  The  Grange  has  a  large  membership  and  is 
doing  a  good  work.  The  soil  is  very  fertile ;  an  admirable  quality  of  apples  is 
raised;  other  fruits  and  crops  flourish.  Dairying  is  profitably  conducted;  fine 
horses  and  blooded  stock  are  remunerative  branches  of  husbandry.  Many 
farm-houses  have  been  arranged  to  accommodate  the  summer  visitors  that  the 
charm  of  the  scener}^,  and  that  leader  of  Maine  watering-places,  Poland  Spring 
House,  attract  here  in  annually  increasing  numbers.  Railroad  communication 
is  afforded  by  the  Grand  Trunk,  running  along  the  eastern  and  northern  side, 
with  stations  at  Danville  and  Lewiston  Junctions  (Auburn),  Empire,  and 
Mechanic  Falls,  and  by  Portland  &  Rumford  Falls  Railroad  at  Mechanic  Falls. 

Early  Settlers.  —  Nathaniel  Bailey  was  the  first  settler.  He  came  to 
The  Empire  in  1768.  John  Newman  came  in  1769.  (A  daughter  of  his  is  said 
to  be  the  first  child  born  in  town.)  Moses  Emery  with  his  wife  and  infant 
child  came  from  Newbury,  Mass.,  in  1769,  and  located  at  The  Empire.  In  the 
summer  he  built  a  log-house  a  few  rods  east  of  the  bridge  at  Hackett's  Mills 
and  lived  there  for  some  years,  when  he  removed  to  the  falls  where  has  grown 
the  village  of  Minot  Corner.  He  was,  by  seven  years,  the  earliest  of  the 
settlers  of  the  town  north  of  the  river,  but  was  a  man  vvell  adapted  for  the 
wild  and  hazardous  life  of  a  pioneer;  loved  to  hunt  the  animals  that  fre- 
quented the  wilderness,  and  made  boon  friends  of  the  few  Indians  who  still 
kept  their  home  in  the  vicinity.  Moose,  bear,  and  deer  abounded,  and  many 
were  the  adventures  of  this  hardy  man.  He  moved  acros^s  the  river  in  1772, 
and  built  saw  and  grist  mills  at  Minot  Corner  about  1776,  which  were  carried 
off  by  high  water  and  soon  rebuilt.  He  was  an  active,  energetic  man,  just 
the  one  to  advance  a  new  settlement,  kept  a  ferry  across  the  river  until  the 
bridge  was  built,  and  was  agent  for  the  settlers  to  the  General  Court  to  secure 
the  incorporation  of  the  town  of  Poland.  He  died  April  28, 1836,  aged  92.  His 
son,  Moses,  born  September  20,  1772,  received  a  grant  of  50  acres  of  land  from 


Town  of  Poland.  727 


the  proprietors  in  consideration  of  his  being  the  first  white  male  child  born 
in  their  township.  He  died  in  Auburn,  November  4,  1861.  Hon.  Stephen 
Emery,  was  son  of  Moses  Emery,  and  the  first  native  of  the  town  to  receive  a 
liberal  education.  He  filled  many  positions  with  ability,  was  state  attorney- 
general  in  18B9,  and  died  in  Auburn,  November  18, 186-3,  aged  73.  Daniel  Lane 
was  an  early  settler.  During  the  seventies  and  eighties  there  were  many  new- 
comers; among  them  we  find  the  names  of  Bray,  Willcome,  Safford,  Hawkes, 
Bucknam,  Dwinal,  Shaw,  Vareal  (Veriill),etc.  The  first  settler  on  Ricker  hill 
was  John  Wooster,  wdio  built  the  first  dwelling-house  in  1779.  About  1782 
Philemon  Parsons,  Samuel  Jordan,  John  Rowe,  John  Mathews,  Josiah  Holmes, 
Eliphas  Ring,  Barnebas  Briggs,  Ephraim  Briggs,  William  Berry,  Daniel  Parsons, 
Nathaniel  Maxwell,  James  Merrill,  and  Benjamin  Cliipman  resided  here.  The 
last  five  were  near  Raymond.  In  1793  Jabez  Ricker,  then  residing  at  Alfred, 
Me,  exchanged  lands  with  the  Poland  Shakers,  and  with  his  sons,  Samuel, 
Wentworth,  and  Joseph,  moved  to  the  Range.  Joseph  Ricker  was  the  first 
blacksmith  in  the  town,  and  Wentworth  Ricker  opened  the  first  public  house, 
in  1797,  now  the  Mansion  Honse  at  South  Poland.  [For  settlers  in  1783  see 
page  720.]  Between  1768  and  1795,  Josiah  Dunn  ^  (died  about  1825,  aged  93), 
David  Pulsifer  and  sons.  Captain  Davis,  John  Rollins,  Captain  Farrington, 
Henry  Bray,  Benjamin  Coombs,  and  a  Mr  Woodward  made  settlements  in  East 
Poland,  cleared  farms,  erected  buildings,  and  this  section  became  one  of  the 
most  fertile  and  productive  in  the  town.  David  Pulsifer  came  with  his  wife, 
Hannah,  and  family  in  1790,  and  made  his  home  on  Elmwood  farm,  owned  by 
James  S.  Sanborn  since  1886.  David  Pulsifer,  son  of  Jonathan  Pulsifer,  was 
born  in  Essex,  Mass.,  about  1730.  His  children  were :  Jonathan,  Ephraim, 
David,  Samuel,  Solomon,  Sally  (Mrs  Dunn),  Hannah  (Mrs  Knowlton).  All 
settled  in  Poland;  their  descendants  are  respected  citizens.  David  and  Hannah 
Pulsifer  lived  over  a  century.  Hon.  John  R.  Pulsifer,  who  occupied  the  home- 
stead until  his  death,  was  the  largest  farmer  and  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the 

^ Hon.  Josiah  Dunn,  his  son,  was  born  September  8,  1779,  and  died  February  3,  1843.  As  his  father 
was  disabled,  the  care  of  the  family  fell  upon  him  from  the  age  of  14.  He  married  before  he  was  of 
age,  and  in  a  few  years  was  a  farmer,  lumberman,  real  estate  dealer,  and  a  man  of  great  activity.  He 
sometimes  would  cut  down  the  trees  and  make  a  wagon  load  of  shingles  in  a  day.  In  1804  he  erected 
a  saw-mill  on  Worthley  Brook,  and  later  built  a  saw-mill  and  a  fulling  and  carding  mill  at  Minot 
Corner.  He  purchased  this  privilege  in  1820.  He  was  representative  in  1803,  and  was  most  of  the  time 
in  that  oflSce  until  1820;  he  was  deputy-sheriff,  and  seven  years  high  sheriff  of  Cumberland  county; 
representative  to  the  Maine  legislature  many  years;  senator  for  some  terms,  and  was  one  of  the 
Executive  Council  of  Gov.  Parris.  He  married  Sally,  daughter  of  "  Father  "  Barns.  Children:  Mary  S. 
m.  Dr  Moses  R.  Pulsifer,  Reuben  B.,  Josiah,  Elvira  m.  Rev.  Alvan  Dinsmore,  Thomas  B.,  Rachel 
m.  Horatio  G.  Bridgham,  Joseph  E.  F.,  Martha  m.  1st  a  Willard,  2d  Amasa  Crafts,  Rosina,  Sebastian 
S.,  Sally  B.,  Lucy  A.  m.  Rev.  N.  C.  Clifford.  Charles  Wesley  Dujin,  son  of  James  and  Ruth  H. 
(Strout)  Dunn,  was  born  in  Poland.  He  married  Sarah  Amelia  Pendexter,  of  New  Hampshire.  [For 
Pendexter  family,  see  History  of  Carroll  County,  N.  H.]  Mr  Dunn  has  been  a  prosperous  farmer  for 
25  years.  His  farm,  "  Pleasant  View,"  is  beautifully  situated  at  East  Poland.  He  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  a  Methodist  in  his  religious  preferences,  and  is  a  member  of  the  U.  O.  G.  C.  Mr  Dunn 
furnished  a  three-years'  substitute  for  the  Union  Army  in  the  Civil  War. 


728  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


town.  D.  W.  Pulsifer  is  a  prosperous  farmer,  resides  at  East  Poland,  and  is  a 
member  of  Excelsior  Grange,  P.  of  H.  The  first  house  at  Hackett's  Mills  was 
built  by  Moses  Emery,  Jr.  From  1785  to  1790  many  located  at  Marston's 
Corner;  among  them  were  :  Nathaniel  Nason,  Thomas  Frank,  Robert  Starbird, 
Aaron  Bray,  Samuel  Bailey,  Jonathan  Emerson,  Benjamin  Coombs,  and  David 
Libby.     Mr  Emerson  was  a  large  land  owner. 

In  1792  Captain  George  Waterhouse,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  emigrated 
here  from  New  Hampshire,  and  Samuel  Lane  and  Deacon  Brown  soon  made 
homes  on  Waterhouse  hill.  Tradition  says  the  first  settlement  at  West  Poland 
was  made  by  Edmund  C.  Megquier  in  1790,  on  Megquier  hill,  at  the  William 
Jordan  farm.  He  married  Sally  Merrill  in  1791.  William  and  Mark  Emery 
soon  came;  William  to  the  place  now  occupied  by  Alpheus  D.  Keene  ;  Mark 
settled  on  the  farm  owned  by  his  grandson,  Anthony  B.  Emery.  They  moved 
their  families  in  March,  1796.  Asa  Loring  settled  on  the  lot  now  owned  by 
Orin  S.  Keene;  Percy  Loring  on  the  place  now  occupied  by  Leonard  Foster. 
Richard  Tripp  settled  south  of  Tripp's  pond,  Joseph  Hall  east  of  Tripp's  pond. 
John  Fernald  was  a  very  early  settler  at  the  foot  of  Megquier  hill.  Joshua 
Strout  was  an  earl}^  settler  of  The  Empire.  He  came  from  Portland.  Among 
his  cliildren  were  Jacob,  Jonas  W.,  Nehemiah,  Joshua,  Sarah.  Of  Nehemiah's 
children  were  Nehemiah,  Jr,  Joseph,  Deborah. .  Charles  SJierhnrn  Strout, 
son  of  Jonas  Weston  Strout,  and  grandson  of  Nehemiah  Strout,  was  born  in 
East  Poland,  October  16,  1855.  The  family  have  been  Methodists  since  Rev. 
Jesse  Lee  preached  at  the  house  of  Nehemiah  Strout  in  1793.  Mr  Strout  is  a 
trustee  and  steward  of  that  church.  He  married  Emma  L.  Collins,  of  Mexico. 
He  has  a  farm  of  100  acres,  a  fine  orchard,  keeps  about  100  hens  and  12  cows, 
and  does  a  prosperous  milk  business.  Mr  Strout  is  a  Democrat,  and  was  the 
only  acting  postmaster  of  Worthley  P.  O.  He  is  a  member  of  the  U.  O.  G.  C, 
and  of  Excelsior  Grange  of  East  Poland. 

John  Wooster,  the  first  inhabitant  of  Ricker's  hill,  in  1779,  very  soon 
moved  to  Johnson  hill.  Samuel  Jordan  cut  the  first  tree  at  South  Poland  on 
the  Dockum  farm.  His  sons,  Samuel  and  Josiah,  erected  many  buildings,  and 
took  active  part  in  town  affairs.  Samuel,  Jr,  married  Isabella  Stinchfield,  of 
New  Gloucester.  Robert  Snell,  an  early  settler  here,  came  from  Hebron. 
Thompson  Pond  plantation  was  owned  by  Captain  Jesse  Partridge,  of  Port- 
land, who  gave  a  lot  to  each  of  his  four  brothers.  David  and  Joseph  Partridge 
settled  on  the  place  now  owned  by  Edward  Hanscom.  David,  brother  of 
Captain  Jesse,  and  David,  son  of  Jesse  (David  senior  and  David  junior),  came 
in  1798  from  Saccarappa.  They  built  a  rude  camp.  After  clearing  and 
planting  in  1799,  David  built  a  log  house,  and  in  January,  1800,  David,  Jr, 
brought  his  family.  Next  came  Joseph  Partridge,  Joseph  Jeremy,  and  William 
Johnson  from  Gorham;  Moses  Hodgdon  from  Windham.  Curtis  Walker  came 
to  his  claim  and  General  Smith  to  the  Captain  Waite  place  and  made  potash 


Town  of  Poland.  729 


at  Potash  brook.  About  1820  William  and  Charles  Brooks  came  from  Pigeon 
hill  to  the  Ridge  and  felled  an  opening  in  the  Promised  Land,  but,  seeing  no 
chance  of  title,  they  abandoned  it.  About  1830  John  and  Daniel,  sons  of 
Israel  Herrick,  occupied  it  for  a  time.  The  first  house  was  built  by  Simeon 
Denning,  who  left  for  want  of  a  title.  Reuben  Blair  about  1835  built  a  log 
house  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  his  grandsons,  L.  C.  and  F.  M.  Blair.  Next 
came  John  Emery,  soon  followed  b}^  William  M.  Perkins,  William  E.  Lunt, 
and  Jasper  Haskell ;  and  then  came  Joseph  Emery  and  Sprague  Keene,  2d. 
The  Ridge  is  now  one  of  the  finest  farming  sections.  The  first  settler  on  Black- 
cat  hill  was  Luke  Staples.  He  was  followed  by  Jacob  Barton,  Benjamin 
Bailey,  William  Knight,  and  one  Cox,  who  manufactured  hair  combs.  The 
first  settlement  in  Herrick  Valley  was  by  Aaron  and  Josiah  Dunn.  They  were 
followed  by  John  Herrick,  from  Minot,  in  November,  1823,  accompanied  by 
his  sons,  Moses  and  Azar,  who  settled  on  the  same  lot.  Israel  Herrick  came 
from  Greenwood  in  1825  with  six  sons  and  one  daughter,  all  of  whom  married 
and  settled  in  the  vicinity.  Allen  hill  was  first  settled  by  James  Walker  and 
Isaac  Knight.  The  land  was  owned  by  Edmund  Megquier  and  his  sons. 
Moses  Megquier,  Joseph  Allen,  and  Ezra  Fickett  afterward  settled  here.  The 
south  slope  was  purchased  by  Nathaniel  Schellinger,  whose  descendants  live 
there.     One  Rand  settled  here  early. 

The  first  settlers  on  Pigeon  hill  were  Jabez  True  and  Captain  Day,  of 
New  Gloucester,  who  made  the  first  opening  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  A.  C. 
Denison,  where  his  buildings  stand.  Until  1783  they  were  the  only  people 
that  cleared  much  on  the  hill,  but  about  1790  a  number  came  from  The  Empire 
and  New  Gloucester  and  took  up  farms,  and  soon  came  the  Dennings,  Davis, 
Strout,  Marble,  Captain  Ripley,  and  Dr  Peter  Brooks.  Captain  Ripley,  from  J 
Plympton,  Mass.,  took  the  lot  above  the  Trues,  and  built  a  house  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  S.  N.  Haskell.  Captain  Ripley  sold  to  Alden  Chandler  in  1802 
or  1803.  Jacob  Strout  came  from  The  Empire  and  cleared  land  and  built  at 
log  house  on  the  lot  that  Captain  Ripley  had  taken  up.  His  house  was  on  the 
east  corner  of  the  lot.  His  wife  was  Sally  Bray.  Their  children  were  Sally, 
Joshua,  Nabby,  Jacob,  Joseph,  Nathaniel,  Cyrena,  Hobart,  Adoniram,  Cynthia, 
and  William.  Mr  Strout  was  a  kind  and  good  neighbor.  Eben  Marble  came  from 
Marblehead  in  1790,  and  bought  the  farm  west  of  the  Ripley  farm,  now  owned 
in  part  by  Frank  D.  True.  He  built  a  house  east  of  where  Hackett's  house 
now  stands,  and  the  farm  was  owned  by  some  of  the  name  until  1859  or  1860. 
He  married  Sarah  Cash  in  1790.  Their  children  were  Eben,  Jr,  Daniel  C,  David, 
Sally,  Oliver,  Lucinda,  Benjamin,  Lovica,  Samuel  F.  Eben  Marble  lived  on 
the  hill  until  1812;  he  enlisted  and  died  in  service.  George  Denning  came 
to  the  hill  with  his  brother,  Simeon,  in  1791  or  1792.  He  died  on  the  hill  in 
1833.  In  1791  he  married  a  Rollins,  of  New  Gloucester.  Their  children  were 
Samuel,  Stephen,  Hannah,  Ruth,  Bathsheba,  George,  Job,  Moses,  Rhoda,  James, 


730  History  of  Andkoscoggin  County. 

and  Jacob.  George  Denning,  Jr,  first  cleared  land  and  built  a  log  house  on 
the  hill  lot  and  lived  there  a  number  of  years.  He  then  bought  the  lot  next 
west;  his  buildings  were  on  the  corner  near  J.  K.  Denning's.  He  died  in  1883. 
His  farm  is  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  J.  K.  Denning.  Simeon  Denning 
married  Rebecca  Chickering,  of  Hebron.  Their  children  were  Simeon,  Peter, 
Frederic,  John,  Levi,  Lyford,  Elena,  Rebecca,  Lydia,  Joseph,  Lois,  Otis.  Simeon 
Denning  cleared  on  the  same  lot  as  his  brother,  George,  near  the  east  corner. 
He  lived  there  two  or  three  years,  and  bought  the  place  now  owned  by  E.  A. 
Faunce.     He  lived  on  this  farm  until  about  1830. 

Jabez  True  was  born  in  New  Gloucester,  in  1771 ;  married  Hannah 
Jackson,  of  Poland,  in  1796.  In  1796  he  purchased  the  west  half  of  the  Eben 
Marble  lot,  and  built  a  small  house  near  where  the  old  True  house  stands. 
Their  children  were  Sally,  Jabez,  John,  Elizabeth,  Hannah,  Moses,  Rochsyllania, 
Miriam,  Abigail,  Otis,  Rebecca,  Daniel  W.^  Jabez  True  and  his  wife  died  in 
1841.  Jabez,  Jr,  was  United  States  paymaster  in  1862  and  1863,  John, 
the  second  son,  was  in  trade  in  Portland  with  his  brother,  under  the  firm 
name  of  J.  &  D.  W.  True.  Jabez  True  was  one  of  the  independent  farmers 
of  the  town.  The  house  now  standing  on  the  farm  was  built  by  him  in 
1802.  Dr  Peter  Brooks,  an  Indian  doctor,  came,  as  early  as  1792,  from 
Plympton,  Mass.,  and  purchased  25  acres  on  the  west  side  of  the  Ripley  lot, 
and  his  farm  is  now  included  in  the  farm  of  Andrew  Russell.  Dr  Brooks 
built  the  first  framed  house  on  the  hill,  opposite  Mr  Russell's  house.  He 
resided  there  till  his  death  in  1807  or  1808,  when  the  farm  was  purchased  by 
Seth  B.  Hilborn.  Dr  Brooks  married  Betsey  Bryant.  Their  children  were 
Lucinda,  William,  Charles,  and  Betsey.  John  Cousens  came  from  Wells  in 
1795  or  1796,  and  purchased  the  farm  now  owned  by  Hon.  A.  C.  Denison.  He 
larried,  first,  Lucy  Hatch,  of  Kennebunk.  He  married,  second,  Sarah 
Jushman,  of  Hebron.  Their  children  were  Samuel,  William,  Sarah,  Eliza  C, 
iUcy,  Thomas,  Susan  C,  Abigail  D.,  Humphrey,  Mary  J.,  Adeline,  Harriet  N., 
lacob  T.,  James  D.  Captain  Samuel  lived  to  be  85.  William  was  a  prominent 
[tizen,  and  for  years  was  the  principal  trader.  He  died  in  1869.  John 
)usens,  Esq.,  died  in  1841.  He  accumulated  a  large  property.  Alden 
landler  came  in  1800  from  Plympton,  Mass.,  and  purchased  the  farm  now 
olvned  by  S.  N.  Haskell.  He  married  Priscilla  Cushman,  of  Hebron,  in  1805. 
iheir  children  were  Priscilla,  Harvey,  Alvin,  Josiah,  Lydia,  Christania,  Benja- 
min F.,  Gains,  Jacob,  Rachel  T.  Alden  Chandler  married,  second,  Hepzibah 
Cooledge,  of  Livermore.     Samuel  Denning,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  and  wife 

1  Daniel  W.  True  was  born  in  Poland,  August  20,  1821,  and  died  September  16,  1888.  In  1855  he 
became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  &  I).  W.  True,  wholesale  grocers  in  Portland.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  business  capacity,  amassed  wealth,  held  various  civil  and  financial  positions  of  importance,  and 
always  kept  his  love  for  the  old  Poland  home  and  the  town.  He  married,  in  1847,  Mary  F.  Milliken. 
Their  only  son,  Frank  D.,  succeeds  to  his  father's  interest  in  the  Portland  firm,  which  still  is 
conducted  as  D.  W.  True  &  Co.,  and  is  a  director  of  the  Poland  Paper  Co. 


Town  of  Poland.  731 


came  from  Salem,  Mass.,  to  Poland  Empire,  about  1770,  and  settled  on  the 
farm  now  occupied  by  Moses  McKnight.  They  had  two  sons,  George  and 
Simeon,  and  three  daughters.  Sarah  married  Thomas  Moore,  of  Paris;  Hannah 
married  Reuben  Chandler,  of  Minot ;  Mary  married  Alexander  Campbell,  of 
Minot.  Mr  Denning  died  in  1798.  Nathaniel  Bray  moved  to  the  hill  from 
The  Empire  in  1818.  In  1817  he  married  Deborah  Keene.  Their  children 
were  Mary,  Xoa,  Stephen,  James,  and  Eliphalet.  Mr  Bray  died  in  1857. 
Stephen  Bray  served  in  the  Union  Army  nine  months  in  1863,  and  nine  months 
in  1865,  and  is  a  member  of  A.  A.  Dwinal  Post,  G.  A.  R.  He  married  Mrs 
May  (Titcomb)  Merrill,  of  Cumberland,  and  has  one  son,  Augustus.  Augustus 
married  Lizzie  Stoddard,  of  East  Weymouth,  Mass.,  whose  great-grandfather, 
Thomas  Penney,  was  an  early  settler  of  New  Gloucester.  Both  are  Democrats 
in  politics,  and  Augustus  was  a  charter  member  of  Osceola  Tribe  of  Red  Men. 
The  Bray  farm  is  on  the  West  Poland  road.  It  has  95  acres,  and  a  prolific 
orchard  of  eight  acres.  Over  40  tons  of  hay  are  cut  yearly,  and  20  cows  are 
kept.  The  milk  is  sold  in  Portland.  In  1888  S.  Bray  &  Son  built  a  steam 
grist-mill  of  15  horse-power  at  the  railroad  junction  in  Mechanic  Falls.  The 
mill  is  equipped  with  improved  machinery.  Daniel  Bray  moved  to  the  hill  in 
1820  from  The  Empire,  and  built  a  house  near  Nathaniel.  He  married  Xoa 
Keene.  Their  children  were  George  W.,  Sullivan  A.,  Emeline,  Daniel  J.,  and 
Jefferson.     Daniel  Bray  died  in  1860. 

Harris  Hill. — Daniel  Waterman  came  to  New  Gloucester  from  Halifax, 
Mass.,  and  married  Abigail  True,  November  7,  1793.  They  first  settled  in 
Minot  on  Pottle  hill,  where  their  first  child,  Jabez,  was  born,  July  28,  1794. 
Mr  Waterman  afterwards  located  on  Harris  hill.  He  had  a  large  family. 
Jabez  married  Rebecca  Downing  and  engaged  in  lumbering  for  many  years. 
He  died  April  2,  1877.  Abigail  married  Barnabas  Hackett;  Daniel  married 
Anna  Harris;  Hannah  died  unmarried;  Benjamin  married  Irene  Emery;  Anna 
married  John  Bailey;  Henry  died  in  infancy;  Rebecca  T.  married  Nathaniel 
Pulsifer;  Sally  died  in  infancy;  Sarah  T.  died  when  18;  Ruby  N.  married 
Benjamin  Dunn,  and  Charles  F.  died  unmarried.  Mr  Waterman  died  in  1845. 
He  was  for  years  deacon  of  the  First  Congregational  Church.  Mr  Waterman 
was  followed  by  William  and  David  Harris,  William  settling  on  the  place  now 
owned  by  M.  E.  Grover,  and  David  near  Bailey  Mill  on  the  place  now  owned 
by  George  Rowe.  John  Waterman,  brother  of  Daniel,  settled  on  Harris  hill. 
Of  his  sons,  Tilson  was  for  years  a  trial  justice  of  ability.  Daniel  Water- 
man, Jr,  was  for  many  years  a  prominent  man.  He  was  a  pensioner  of  the 
War  of  1812,  enlisting  at  the  age  of  16.  He  was  born  May  24,  1797;  died 
December  16,  1882.  W.  W.  Waterman,  his  son,  is  an  enterprising  and  public 
spirited  citizen.  Horace  James  Brown,  one  of  the  industrious,  progressive,  and 
successful  farmers  of  this  section,  is  a  native  of  Raymond,  and  a  son  of  Elison 
and  Lucinda  Brown,  and  a  descendant  of  Daniel  Brown  and  Daniel  Chipman, 


732  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

early  settlers  of  Raymond.  He  married  Mary  E.  Schellinger,  a  descendant  of 
William  Schellinger,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Poland.  In  1872,  Mr  Brown 
bought  the  Daniel  Atwood  farm  on  Harris  hill,  settled  by  Samuel  Atwood 
from  New  Gloucester  in  1810;  this  farm  is  pleasantly  located,  contains  80 
acres,  35  of  which  are  tillable.  By  his  diligence  and  proper  cultivation  of  this 
land  Mr  Brown  has  increased  its  fertility  fourfold,  and  now  keeps  4  horses,  18 
cows,  1  pair  oxen,  and  has  a  surplus  of  6  tons  of  hay,  where  at  first  he  could 
only  winter  4  cows  and  3  horses.     Virgil  D.  Waterhouse  is  a  leading  farmer. 

Bailey  HUJ  was  settled  by  Thomas  Bailey  in  1794.  Mr  Bailey  first  came 
to  Nason's  Mills,  Auburn;  he  afterward  settled  on  the  place  now  occupied  by 
Sylvanus  Bailey,  which  has  remained  in  the  family.  He  had  four  sons, 
Thomas,  Josiah,  Levi,  and  John,  who  settled  near  the  old  homestead.  Mr 
Bailey  was  followed  by  Robert  Waterman,  on  the  Zenas  Lane  place  near 
Hackett's  Mills.  He  owned  the  saw-mill  at  Poland  Corner.  These  two  hills 
constitute  one  neighborhood.  The  soil  is  deep,  rich,  and  productive,  except  the 
easterly  slope,  where  it  is  sandy.  The  inhabitants  are  thrifty  and  industrious. 
Many  of  them  keep  large  herds  of  cows,  and  send  their  milk  to  Portland. 
The  breeding  of  fancy  stock  and  poultry  has  received  much  attention. 

The  Shakers  felled  the  first  trees  on  White  Oak  hill,  but  the  first  settler  was 
Jonathan  Fickettin  1797,  who  built  a  log  house  on  land  owned  by  David  Water- 
house.  The  next  settler  was  Paul  Stanton,  from  Barrington,  N.  IL.  settling  on 
the  farm  of  N.  Q.  Pope.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  He  had  four 
sons,  John,  Paul,  Benjamin,  and  William,  who  settled  in  that  vicinity.  They 
were  all  worthy  and  highly  respected  citizens,  and  occupied  the  self-same  spot 
until  their  decease.  The  land  has  been  in  the  family  name  until  the  south  lot 
was  sold  to  F.  J.  Strout,  and  the  remainder  was  sold  to  N.  Q.  Pope.  Hannah 
Stanton  married  Benjamin  Haskell.  Betsey  married  William  Estes.  Mr 
Stanton  was  followed  by  Ricliard  Garland,  Isaac  Hayes,  and  others,  on  the 
northern  part  of  the  hill,  while  the  southern  part  was  settled  by  Daniel 
and  Porter  Putnam,  Edward  Parsons,  and  Lazarus  Rand.  The  Putnams  sold 
to  William  Haskell  and  William  Pierce,  and  Mr  Crosby.  A  tiny  church,  a 
school-house,  and  two  or  three  dwelling-houses  on  the  very  summit  constitute 
the  most  thickly  settled  portion  of  the  liill.  On  all  sides  lie  broad,  green 
fields,  with  here  and  there  a  cozy-looking  farm-house.  Several  of  the  original 
farms  now  form  part  of  the  fine  stock  farm  of  N.  Q.  Pope. 

Mills. —  [For  water-powers  see  pages  48  and  44.]  As  early  as  1770,  Moses 
Emery  built  mills  on  the  south  side  of  the  Little  Androscoggin  at  Minot 
Corner  and  established  a  ferry. 

HachetfH  Mills.  —  Moses  Emery,  Jr,  built  the  first  mills  here  and  operated 
them  for  several  years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Daniel  Waterman,  he  hy  William 
Harris,  James  and  Barnabas  Hackett,  and  other  Hacketts.  Levi  Hackett  ran 
the  saw-mill  for  more  than  40  years.      The  leather-board  mill  of  the  Mousam 


Town  of  Poland.  733 


3fanvfacfu)-in(/  Co.  was  moved  here  from  Oxford  in  1884.  It  employs  over  30 
men,  is  owned  by  Emery  Andrews  of  Kennebunkport,  and  is  under  the  super- 
vision of  W.  W.  Dennen.  Mr  Dennen  has  a  handsome  residence  on  the  site 
of  the  first  house  built  by  Moses  Emery,  Jr.  He  is  a  native  of  Oxford, 
commenced  work  here  in  1870,  and  has  been  agent  since  1876.  He  is  a 
Republican,  an  Odd  Fellow,  a  Knight  of  Pythias,  a  Patron  of  Husbandry,  and 
a  Methodist.     He  has  been  representative. 

Poland  Corner.  —  In  1792  Capt.  George  Waterhouse  built  a  mill  at  the 
outlet  of  Range  pond ;  this  was  sold  to  Robert  Waterman,  and  soon  carried 
away  in  a  freshet.  Jacob  Rowe  later  owned  it.  A  grist-mill  was  built  by 
Michael  Little  and  sold  to  Isaac  Barton.  In  1874  this  privilege  was  sold  to  A. 
C.  Denison  &  Co.,  and  the  water  was  held  in  reserve  for  Mechanic  Falls.  In 
1870  a  steam-mill  was  built  by  John  S.  Briggs  for  a  stave-mill,  and  large 
quantities  of  shook  were  manufactured.  In  1875  Mr  Briggs  put  in  saw,  shingle, 
clapboard  mills  and  a  planing  machine.  In  1877,  two  years  later,  he  put  in  a 
grist-mill,  grinding  all  kinds  of  grain.  The  power  is  given  by  a  12.5-horse- 
power  engine.  In  1884  Mr  Briggs  made  additions  to  his  mill  for  the  butter 
factory  of  Poland  Dairy  Association,  of  which  he  is  president,  and  for  which 
he  furnishes  steam  and  power.  ^In  1888  he  put  in  a  threshing  machine.  Mr 
Briggs  is  a  native  of  Poland,  son  of  Cyrus  and  Ruth  P.  (Sanders)  Briggs.  He 
is  a  Universalist,  a  Democrat,  was  representative  in  1883,  is  agent  for  several 
large  manufacturing  firms,  and  does  a  large  business  in  the  sale  of  agricultural 
implements,  fertilizers,  etc.  He  is  also  proprietor  of  Poland  Highland  Spring 
on  one  of  the  highest  hills  of  the  town.  This  water  has  wonderful  curative 
properties,  and  has  kept  sweet  and  pure  for  a  year  in  Cuba. 

Poland  Dairying  Association  makes  an  average  of  300  pounds  of  "gilt- 
edge  "  butter  daily,  which  brings  large  prices.  It  supplies  Poland  Spring 
House,  and  sells  in  Boston  and  Portland. 

The  lodge  of  Good  Templars  here  has  done  good  work.  Mr  Briggs  and 
Charles  Rowe  are   the   traders.     The  village  attracts  summer  visitors  yearly. 

West  Poland.  —  The  first  blacksmith  was  Jonathan  Holmes.  His  shop 
stood  near  the  residence  of  Edwin  Emery.  He  was  followed  b}^  Moses 
Megquier,  who  carried  on  the  trade  until  about  1864.  In  1822  Reuben  B. 
Dunn  kept  a  store  where  the  mills  road  intersects  the  main  road.  Hiram 
Hilborn  had  a  blacksmith  shop  near  here;  Joseph  Perkins  had  a  pottery  where 
J.  A.  Russell  lives.  Hira  Keene  had  long  ago  a  small  shingle-mill  operated  by 
Potash  brook  during  the  spring  floods.  The  "  19  foot  "  fall  on  Taylor  brook 
was  occupied  in  1834  by  a  small  mill  with  an  "  overshot  "  wheel  built  by 
Solomon  Knight  and  later  run  by  Daniel  and  David  Brown.  Jesse  Partridge 
built  the  one  now  standing  in  1861.  He  sold  to  O.  S.  &  S.  H.  Taylor,  and 
they  to  S.  H.  Dudley.  In  1891  the  place  was  quite  a  hive  of  industry.  Fer- 
nald  &  Keene  Bros's  corn-packing  (Poland  Packing  Co.)  enterprise  was  begun 


734  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

ill'  1888.  It  is  a  model  establishment  and  distributes  much  money  to  the 
farmers.  Stover  Bros's  carriage  factory  was  built  in  1871.  Other  industries 
prosper.  G.  O.  Goodwin  &  Co.  have  a  general  store,  and  deal  extensively  in 
lumber,  etc.  Silas  A.  Megquier  has  been  in  trade  since  1867.  H.  A.  Gerry 
has  kept  a  jewelry  store  for  10  years.  Several  temperance  organizations  have 
existed  here,  a  cornet  band  is  maintained,  and  Lake  Grange  (see  page  291)  is 
flourishing.  The  pure  air  and  water,  with  lovely  scenery,  have  attracted  many 
visitors,  and  O.  S.  Keene's  pleasant  home  offers  a  good  summer  resting  place. 
B.  M.  Fernald,  Moses  Archibald,  and  Ronello  Herrick  are  leading  farmers. 

Early  Traders^  Etc.  —  William  Cousens  was  one  of  the  early  traders.  In 
1847  Thomas  Lane  was  in  company  with  him.  They  also  manufactured 
potash  and  barrels.  Jefferson  Dunbar,  R.  B.  Dunn,  Freeland  Marble,  James 
Dunn,  and  others  were  in  trade  here  for  some  time.  The  first  store  at  West 
Poland  was  kept  by  Eben  Smith  near  Potash  brook.  [George  and  Daniel 
Lovering  had  an  "ashery"  here  and  made  potash.]  Smith  was  succeeded  by 
Captain  Hodgdon,  who  built  a  store  between  West  Poland  and  the  Corner. 
Eliphalet  Dunn  built  a  store  near  Herrick  Valley,  where  he  traded  several 
years.  He  died  in  1832.  Soon  after,  Jasper  Haskell  built  a  store  at  the  lower 
corner.  He  was  succeeded  by  Francis  Rounds  for  several  years,  and  he  by 
Captain  Joseph  York.  After  him  came  J.  H.  Fernald,  who  had  James  S. 
Gerry  and  Daniel  Hutchinson  for  partners  for  a  time.  This  was  about  1848. 
Since  that  time  various  parties  have  been  engaged  in  trade,  among  them  C.  F. 
Jordan,  Jesse  Partridge,  Capt.  William  Perkins,  Francis  Storer,  and  O.  S. 
Keene. 

East  Poland. —  At  Empire  Station  is  the  store  and  steam-mill  of  Bailey 
Bros.  This  store  was  built  by  Gilraan  Martin  about  1849.  The  present 
proprietors  erected  the  mill  in  1884.  This  is  furnished  with  a  16-horse-power 
engine,  and,  in  addition  they  have  an  extensive  manufactory  of  barrels.  The 
Mousam  Manufacturing  Co.  is  spoken  of  elsewhere.  Excelsior  Grange  is  well 
supported.  [See  page  290.]  Among  the  representative  farmers  are  Chas  W., 
L.  D.  and  B.  F.  Cobb,  Waterhouse  Bros,  and  D.  W.  Pulsifer. 

During  the  War  of  1812  a  minimum  company  was  raised  for  service  by 
Capt.  Robert  Snell,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  This  company  served  in  the 
Lake  Champlain  campaign. 

Early  Taveriu.  —  Captain  George  Waterhouse,  who  came  in  1792,  built  a 
tavern  on  the  Isaac  Barton  place.  James  Hackett  kept  a  hotel  and  store  at 
the  Corner  many  years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Josiali  Jordan,  he  by  Simeon 
Lane,  and  he  by  James  Dunn.  Mr  Edgecoinb  was  the  next  proprietor  and  he 
sold  out  to  George  Bridgham,  who  was  a  trader  at  Poland  Corner  in  1841. 
Dennis  Hayes  also  built  a  hotel,  wliich  he  sold  to  S.  M.  Marble.  Josiah  Jordan 
kept  it  as  a  temperance  hotel  from  1830  to  1844.  The  "Square  House,"  one 
of  the  first  framed  buildings  in  town,  was  kept  as  a  tavern  for  several  years 


Town  of  Poland.  735 


This  was  between  the  Shaker  villages,  near  the  New  Gloucester  line.  In  1797 
Wentworth  Ricker  opened  a  public  house  at  South  Poland.  In  1800  Daniel 
Jackson  opened  a  public  house  near  the  foot  of  Range  pond. 

South  Poland.  —  This  place  so  blessed  by  Nature  is  now  of  world-extended 
fame.  The  healing  waters  from  Poland  Spring  have  relieved  many  apparently 
hopeless  cases  of  disease  in  nearly  all  countries  under  the  sun,  and  its  reputa- 
tion has  gone  throughout  all  the  earth.  From  the  magic  virtues  of  the  water, 
the  loveliness  of  the  scenery,  and  the  purity  of  the  air  at  its  elevation  of  over 
800  feet  above  the  sea,  has  been  developed  one  of  the  wonders  of  modern 
time,  a  second  Saratoga,  where  beauty,  wealth,  and  fashion  fill  the  halls  and 
grounds  of  the  palatial  Poland  Spring  House  during  the  charming  summer 
season.  Year  by  year  the  throng  is  larger;  year  by  year  the  capacity  of  the 
immense  hotels  is  more  and  more  inadequate  to  accommodate  the  guests, 
and  additions  and  extensions  (colossal  buildings  in  themselves)  are  erected  to 
provide  room  for  the  ever-increasing  demand.  Here  has  grown  up  in  40  years, 
from  a  small  country  inn,  as  a  result  of  the  merits  of  Poland  Spring  water  and 
the  acumen  and  business  ability  of  the  Ricker  family,^  one  of  the  leading 
watering  places  of  this  land  of  famous  summer  resorts  and  hotels.  In  1793 
Eliphas  Ring  (the  former  owner  of  the  Ricker  farm,  who,  in  joining  the 
Shakers,  had  placed  his  property  in  the  "common  stock,")  and  the  other  Shakers 
exchanged  their  property  for  lands  in  Alfred,  Jabez  Ricker,  of  that  town, 
becoming  owner  of  tlie  Poland  lands,  and  with  his  sons,  Samuel,  Wentworth, 
and  Joseph,  moved  here.  Joseph  Ricker  was  the  first  blacksmith  of  the  town, 
and  in  1797  Wentworth  Ivicker  opened  the  first  public  house,  now  succeeded 
by  the  Mansion  House.  Wentworth  Ricker  died  in  1837,  his  son,  Hiram, 
succeeded  him  until  1872,  and  his  sons  are  proprietors,  95  years  after  the 
opening  of  the  house.  It  is  doubtful  if  there  is  another  instance  in  New 
England  of  so  long  a  career  of  hotel-keeping  in  one  family.  The  Mansion 
House.,  remodelled  and  refitted,  is  a  thoroughly  modern  hotel.  The  Poland 
Spring  House  was  built  in  1876,  changed  and  enlarged  in  1881,  1884,  1887, 
1889,  and  to  its  gigantic  proportions  large  additions  are  now  in  progress.     The 

1  The  Rickers  of  the  United  States  sjirang  from  George  and  Maturin  Ricker  from  the  Isle  of  Jersey 
George  was  brought  to  this  country,  in  1640,  by  a  minister  (Rev.  Jolin  Reyner).  After  repaying  liis  passage 
money,  George  in  a  few  years  earned  enough  to  bring  his  younger  brother,  Maturin.  They  married, 
had  large  families,  built  garrison  houses  at  Dover  Point,  N.  H.,  and  both  were  killed  by  Indians.  The 
Poland  Rickers  are  of  the  Maturin  branch.  Maturin  had  a  son  Joseph,  the  father  of  Jabez,  who  was 
born  1742,  and  when  19  married  a  daugliter  of  Deacon  Samuel  Wentworth  of  Berwick,  Maine.  They 
settled  in  Berwick,  then  in  Sanford  or  Alfred,  and  in  1793  came  to  Poland.  They  had  four  sons  and 
six  daughters.  They  settled  with  tlieir  son,  Wentworth,  on  the  place  upon  which  the  famous  spring  is 
located;  the  sons,  Samuel  and  Joseph,  settling  on  adjoining  farms.  Josepli  made  all  the  nails  used 
in  the  original  Mansion  House,  in  179(i.  They  moved  into  this  house  in  the  spring  of  1797,  and  it  was 
opened  as  a  public  house  by  Wentworth  Ricker,  the  sign  bearing  only  his  name.  Wentworth  married 
Mary  Pottle.  Children:  Mary,  Wentworth,  Soplironia,  Hiram,  and  Albert.  Hiram  Ricker,  born  Nov- 
ember 17,  1809,  married  Jeannette  W.,  daughter  of  General  Alvin  Bolster,  of  Rumford.  Children: 
Edward  P.,  Alvin  B.,  Cynthia  E.,  Hiram  W.,  Sarah  L.,  and  Jeannette  M.     Mrs  Ricker  died  in  1883. 


736  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


high  altitude,  the  excellent  drives  and  walks,  the  extensive  and  beautiful 
groves,  the  charming  prospects,  all  add  to  the  attractions  of  this  lovely  spot, 
and  it  is  no  wonder  over  $1,000,000  are  now  invested  in  this  headquarters  of 
summer  tourists.  The  three  sons  of  Hiram  Ricker  conduct  the  massive 
establishment  as  Hiram  Ricker  &  Sons.  E.  P.  Ricker,  the  manager,  is  one  of 
the  leading  business  men  of  the  country.  Poland  Sprin(/.  —  Range  hill,  formerly 
Ricker  hill,  is  an  elevation  of  gneiss  belonging  to  the  Laurentian  divisions  of 
azoic  rock  [see  page  22],  and  with  its  mingling  of  porphyry  and  granite  repre- 
sents the  primal  rock  of  the  beginning  of  the  continent.  From  a  fissure  in  the 
bed  of  original  gneiss,  filled  with  an  intrusion  of  this  porphyritic  rock,  boils  up 
from  an  unknown  depth  the  pure  and  healing  waters  of  Poland  Spring.  The 
aborigines  knew  of  their  virtues.  Indian  relics  bespeaking  different  eras  and 
different  tribes  have  been  found  in  proximity  to  the  spring.  The  merits  of  this 
boon  to  humanity  were  discovered  by  Hiram  Ricker  in  1844,  when  by  the  use 
of  the  water  he  was  cured  of  dyspepsia.  In  1827  Wentworth  Ricker  had  been 
cured  of  gravel  while  drinking  freely  of  this  spring,  but  never  dreamed  of  the 
water  being  the  curative  agent.  Even  so  far  back  as  1800,  Joseph  Ricker, 
while  lying  "hopelessly,"  as  the  physicians  said,  ill  of  a  fever,  was  given  water 
from  this  spring,  and  in  a  night  his  fever  vanished,  and  "  he  lived  52  years 
afterwards."  In  1859  other  cures  attracted  attention,  Dr  E.  Clark  prescribed 
it  with  wonderful  success  in  kidney  diseases,  and  from  that  time  its  efficacy 
has  been  proven  in  thousands  of  cases.  Its  consumption  is  now  nearly  400,000 
gallons  annually,  double  that  of  all  the  springs  of  Saratoga.  The  first  barrel- 
ing and  bottling  house  was  built  in  1877,  and  now  one  of  the  largest  and  best- 
equipped  establishments  of  the  kind  in  America  is  in  operation.  Poland  water 
is  powerfully  diuretic,  mildly  cathartic,  tonic  and  restorative  ;  is  a  most  efficient 
remedy  in  dyspepsia,  gout,  rheumatism,  stone,  gravel,  and  all  diseases  of  uric 
acid  origin,  Bright's  disease,  diabetes,  etc.,  while  as  a  table  water  it  is  unsur- 
passed.    The  spring  is  owned  by  Hiram  Ricker  &  Sons. 

The  Shakers  early  introduced  improved  agriculture  here,  and  the  intelligent 
farmers  were  quick  to  follow  their  examples.  Among  the  farmers  of  this  part 
are  A.  G.  Thurlow,  J.  I.  Chipman,  F.  B.  Shackford,  and  Charles  G.  Morrill. 

Mechanics  Falls,i  one  of  the  loveliest  and  busiest  of  Maine's  villages,  is 
blessed  not  only  with  fine  water  privilege  but  with  the  best  of  rail  connection. 
On  the  direct  route  of  a  great  railroad  line,  and  on  the  exact  path  of  the  trend 
of  that  line's  traffic  from  the  west  to  the  seaboard,  it  is  blessed  with  shipping 
facilities  that  cannot  be  secured  in  many  other  sections  of  the  state.  Since 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  pushed  its  great  thoroughfare  of  travel,  in  1848, 
directly  through  the  heart  of  this  village,  its  growth  has  been  constant  and 
steady,  and  cannot  but  help  being  so  as  long  as  the  present  live,  earnest 
business  men,  or  others  like   them,  wield  a  controlling  interest  in  the  affairs. 

iSee  history  of  Mechanic  Falls  in  Minot  history. 


Town  of  Poland.  737 


The  river  as  well  as  the  railroad  has  been  a  great  stimulator  of  growth  for 
the  town,  and  the  rich  soil  and  unsurpassed  mercantile  and  manufacturing 
privileges  have  together  worked  in  harmony  to  produce  continuous  and  rapid 
expansion  of  business  interests.  These  interests  are  paper  manufacturing,  corn 
packing,  shoe-shops,  machine-shops,  brick-yards,  manufacture  of  steam  engines 
and  boilers,  carriage  building,  novelty  turning,  tool  works,  canned-goods 
establishments,  clothing  making,  besides  other  lines  of  work.  They  disburse 
monthly  and  weekly  large  sums  of  money  to  the  inhabitants,  and  are  sources 
of  great  prosperity.  They  are  the  nucleus  around  which  the  life  and  enter- 
prise of  the  village  center.  These  industries  are  constantly  stretching  out 
their  arms  in  inducement  for  other  business  enterprises  to  locate  in  the  village, 
and  in  this  attempt  they  are  ably  seconded  (and  many  times  led)  by  the 
citizens.  The  fine  water-power  is  of  a  character  to  admit  of  large  develop- 
ment beyond  the  present  utilization,  and  this  fact  gives  reason  for  an 
increase  of  manufacturing.  The  Poland  side  is  incorporated,  the  charter  being 
adopted  February  29,  1891,  by  140  votes  in  favor  to  55  against.  The  village 
officers  elected  were  :  A.  E.  True,  C.  L.  Hackett,  S.  I.  Jewett,  assessors  ;  A.  W. 
Butler,  clerk;  D.  B.  Waterhouse,  collector;  James  Stanton,  treasurer;  E.  W. 
Jordan,  Fred  C.  Chaplain,  fire  wardens. 

Paper-Making. — The  first  paper-making  here  was  done  by  Ebenezer 
Drake  and  Ezra  Mitchell,  in  their  mill  built  in  1851  on  the  Minot  side.  Oliver 
B.  Dwinal  soon  bought  Mitchell's  interest,  and,  with  W.  C.  Dwinal,  formed  the 
firm  of  Drake,  Dwinal  &  Co.,  which  was  sold  to  A.  C.  Denison  &  Co.  in  1865. 
In  1851  Adna  C.  Denison  &  Co.  (E.  W.  Fyler)  bought  one-half  of  the  privilege 
at  Upper  Dam  of  Messrs  Perkins,  Dunham,  Moore,  and  Waterhouse,  and 
commenced  Eagle  mill,  the  first  paper  mill  in  Poland.  This  mill  cost  'f45,000 
and  made  a  ton  of  paper  of  fine  quality  from  rag  pulp  in  24  hours.  In  October, 
1862,  A.  T.  Denison  bought  out  Fyler,  and  in  1863  machinery  costing  $65,000 
was  added  to  prepare  and  use  straw  stock.  An  enormous  increase  in  product 
was  made  of  this  cheap  paper,  which  was  largely  used  by  the  Boston  Herald, 
and  soon  the  land  and  privilege  at  Lower  Dam  was  bought,  a  dam  and  Star 
mill  built  (completed  in  1865).  In  1865,  also,  a  new  mill  was  built  on  the 
site  of  the  Drake,  Dwinal  &  Co.  mill,  and  started  up  January  1,  1866.  The 
"waste  "  made  at  the  Lewiston  cotton  mills  was  here  made  into  paper.  In  1866 
the  Poland  pulp-mill  on  Lower  Dam,  and  the  stone  dam  and  flumes  on  Upper 
Dam,  were  built;  the  mills  and  privilege  at  Range  pond, "with  right  of  flowage, 
were  purchased,  and  a  stone  reservoir  dam  constructed,  and  a  legislative 
charter  obtained  granting  control  of  the  water.  The  calender  mill  was  also 
built,  and  machine,  carpenter,  and  other  shops.  In  1873  the  Denison  Paper 
Manufacturing  Company  was  organized  and  incorporated  with  $500,000  capital; 
Adna  C.  and  Adna  T.  Denison  and  Mrs  C.  M.  Cram,  stockholders.  In  1879 
and  1880  the  chemical  pulp  mill  in  Canton  was  built  to  furnish  its  product  of 


738  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


10  tons  of  wood  pulp  daily  for  the  Poland  mills.  This  company  was  the  first 
to  make  paper  wholly  from  wood,  which  it  first  did  in  1880.  The  Denison 
Paper  Manufacturing  Company  ceased  operations  in  1887  and  its  extensive 
works  passed  into  othe.r  hands  who  formed  a  new  corporation  —  Poland  Paper 
Company. 

Polaiid  Paper  Company.  —  This  corporation,  under  the  personal  attention 
of  Charles  R.  Milliken,^  one  of  the  leading  financiers  of  Maine,  has  a  gigantic 
industry  in  operation  here.  The  plant  consists  of  the  entire  water-power  of 
the  Little  Androscoggin  (over  2,000  horse-power  every  24  hours),  supplemented 
by  that  of  Range  pond ;  several  large  paper,  calender,  and  other  mills,  machine 
shops,  hotel,  tenement  houses,  and  other  buildings,  in  all  covering  five  acres 
of  ground,  and  a  large  pulp  mill  at  Canton.  From  175  to  200  people  are 
employed,  from  18  to  20  tons  of  rag  and  pulp  are  used  daily,  and  average 
monthly  shipments  made  valued  at  -150,000.'^  The  bulk  of  the  business  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  at  this  place  comes  from  this  company,  causing  its  revenue  to  be 
larger  here  than  at  any  other  point  between  Portland  and  Montreal.  In  1891 
over  half  a  mile  of  railroad  was  built  from  the  Grand  Trunk  below  the  village 
into  the  yard.  The  stock  of  the  company  is  capitalized  at  •t>300,000.  Officers: 
Arthur  Sewall,  of  Bath,  president ;  C.  R.  Milliken,  of  Portland,  clerk  and  treas- 
urer; Arthur  Sewall,  James  Munroe,  George  C.  Wing,  W.  S.  Dana,  W.  G.  Davis, 
W.  H.  Milliken,   Frank  I).  True,  directors;    C.   H.  Milliken,   superintendent. 

Evaiis  Rifle  Co. — In  1871  this  company  commenced  operations,  and  in 
1873  the  Denison  Paper  Manufacturing  Co.  owned  the  stock  and  made  several 
thousand  rifies  and  carbines.  The  Russian  Flying  Squadron,  organized  in 
America,  was  entirely  armed  with  these  arms.  A.  T.  Denison  and  G.  F. 
Evans  exhibited  the  arms  before  a  military  commission  in  St  Petersburg, 
which  advised  their  adoption  by  the  Russian  government.  In  1878  the  plant 
was  moved  to  Massachusetts. 

"  The  Elms  "  was  built  by  A.  C.  Denison  &  Co.  in  1859  as  Eagle  Hotel,  cost 
$7,000,  and  is  owned  by  Poland  Paper  Co.  Its  first  landlord  was  Davis.  He 
was  followed  by  one  Pierce.  Prescott  R.  Cobb  kept  it  from  1866  to  1868 ; 
others  then  kept  it  for  brief  times;  later,  A.  C.  Denison  occupied  it  as  a 
residence.  In  1887  H.  S.  Jordan  opened  it  as  The  Elms.  He  was  succeeded 
in  1891  by  A.  V.  Edie. 

1  Hugh  Milliken,  the  Scotch  emigrant,  came  to  Boston  about  1650.  His  son,  John,  settled  in  Scar- 
borough in  l(3!tO,  and  had  sons:  John,  Edward,  Samuel,  Nathaniel.  Benjamin,  a  descendant  of  this 
family,  lived  in  North  Yarmouth  and  Buckfield.  His  son,  Josiah,  lived  in  Buckfield,  Minot,  and 
Poland,  and  had  sons:  Weston  F.,  William  H.,  Charles  R.,  Seth  M.,  George.  Weston  F.was  in  trade 
in  Minot  from  1852  to  185(),  and  later  was  jirominent  in  public,  commercial,  and  financial  positions  in 
Portland.  With  his  brother  he  formed  the  firm  of  VV.  F.  &  C.  R.  Milliken.  C.  R.  Milliken  is  treasurer 
of  the  Portland  Rolling  Mill  and  proprietor  of  the  Glen  House,  White  Mountains,  N.  H. 

■^  The  paper  for  this  volume  was  made  by  the  Poland  Paper  Company . 


Town  of  Poland.  789 


Mechanic  Falls  Driving  Park  Association.  —  For  many  years  an  interest 
has  been  felt  in  the  improvement  of  horses  in  Poland,  and  a  track  was 
made  and  used  before  the  Civil  War.  No  organization  was  made  until 
1883  or  1884,  when  this  association  was  formed  "to  encourage  husbandry, 
fairs,  and  improvement  of  stock."  There  were  ten  original  members :  C.  H. 
Dwinal,  F.  E.  Dwinal,  J.  M.  Libby,  P.  A.  Jordan,  S.  D.  Jordan,  M.  H.  Nelson, 
James  M.  Nason,  Thomas  Marcotte,  P.  R.  Cobb,  William  Greenleaf.  C.  H. 
Milliken  soon  took  the  place  of  the  latter,  and  N.  Q.  Pope,  John  Hanscom. 
Luther  Perkins,  and  others  have  been  made  honorary  members.  Twenty  acres 
of  land  below  the  village,  where  the  old  track  was  made,  was  leased  and  a 
good  half-mile  track  made,  and  stalls,  etc.,  erected,  and  exhibitions  and  fairs 
have  been  held.  The  officers  are  C.  H.  Dwinal,  president;  P.  R.  Cobb,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer;    F.  E.  Dwinal,  S.  D.  Jordan,  Luther  Perkins,  directors. 

Denison  Block  was  built,  in  1870,  by  A.  C.  Detiison  &  Co.,  cost  $12,000, 
and  is  owned  by  the  Poland  Paper  Co.  D.  B.  Holt,  Son  &  Co.  at  once  com- 
menced trade.  In  1873  Mr  Holt  sold  his  interest  to  A.  C.  Denison  &  Co. 
McCann  Bros  followed  them  in  1874,  and  from  July,  1875,  until  1891,  Isaac 
A.  Denison  was  in  trade  as  a  grocer  here. 

M.  N.  Royal  cf  Co.  manufacturers  and  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in 
confectionery,  stationery,  etc.,  do  an  immense  business.  The  chocolate  manu- 
factory was  established  in  1884  by  M.  N.  Royal.  It  is  the  only  one  in  Maine. 
He  began  to  make  candy  the  same  year.  His  first  factory  was  in  the  buildings 
of  the  Evans  Rifle  Co.     In  July,  1885,  he  removed  to  Lincoln  Block. 

Poland  Packing  and  Manufacturing  Co. — This  company  was  inaugurated 
by  J.  W.  Jones  near  the  "red  bridge"  in  1873.  He  conducted  it  until  1886. 
In  1890  John  Hanscom  purchased  the  property,  put  up  suitable  buildings, 
introduced  improved  machinery,  and  is  doing  an  extensive  business,  with  a 
capacity  of  packing  25,000  cans  daily. 

The  Mechanic  Falls  Ledger.  —  (See  page  286.)  The  publishing,  electro- 
typing,  and  printing  establishment  of  Poole  Brothers  is  one  of  the  enterprising 
houses  of  the  county.  The  business  was  originated  in  1874  by  Henry  A. 
Poole.  In  1885  George  W.  Poole  became  a  partner,  forming  the  present  firm. 
They  are  of  Scotch  descent,  sons  of  Albion  and  Eliza  (Gould)  Poole,  and 
natives  of  Waterford.  Henry  A.  married  Ida  M.  Goodrich, of  Eliot;  George  W. 
married  Addie  E.  Hanson,  of  Brentwood,  N.  H.  Poole  Bros  have  a  fine  plant, 
with  facilities  for  a  large  business,  print  books  for  city  publishers,  and,  in  1890, 
published  a  fineljMllustrated  "  History  of  Poland."  To  their  courtesy  we  are 
indebted  for  a  liberal  use  of  its  contents. 

Edward  F.  Edgecond^  has  a  model  job  printing  office  in  one  of  the  Poland 
Paper  Co.'s  buildings.  He  makes  specialties  of  fine  commercial  printing, 
elegant  novelties,  and  artistic  job  work. 


740  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Physicians.  —  Dr  Moses  R.  Pulsifer^  was  the  first  to  locate,  and  remained 
until  Dr  J.  M.  Eveleth  came  in  1858.  Dr  D.  VV.  Sawyer  came  in  1862,  and  in 
1865  was  succeeded  by  Dr  C.  L.  Holt,  who  sold  to  Dr  E.  F.  Bradford  in  1870. 
Dr  Ayer  was  here  in  1872,  H.  D.  Torrey  in  1875.  In  1873  Dr  Henry  Waters 
came,  and  at  his  death  (1875)  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  Dr  William 
Waters  (homceopath).  From  1875  to  1888  Dr  A.  L.  Gaubert  was  in  practice. 
Dr  E.  C.  Heath  (homoeopath)  came  and  was  in  practice  until  his  death  in  1889. 
Dr  A.  D.  Bowman  (homoeopath)    is  now  in  practice. 

Photographers.,  Etc. — Dimon  B.  Perry  had  a  gallery  here  from  1862  to  1871. 
C.  S.  Gurney  succeeded  him,  and  was  followed  by  others.  In  1886  the  present 
artistic  photographer,  O.  C.  Bridge,  became  proprietor. 

Watches  and  Jewelry.- — -Zenas  Lane  has  been  in  trade  from  1865. 

S.  S.  Waterhonse  has  kept  a  general  store  in  the  Railroad  Store,  west  of  the 
Grand  Trunk,  since  January,  1889.  This  store  was  built  and  opened  as  a  flour 
and  feed  store  in  1860  by  Isaac  D.  Cushman.  In  1862  Frank  Danforth  bought 
it  for  a  dry  goods  and  grocery  store.  He  sold  in  1865  to  Pulsifer  &  Lane ;  the 
latter  sold  in  1867  to  D.  B.  Waterhouse,  and  in  1870  Pulsifer  sold  to  Edward 
Thurston.  Thurston  ^  Waterhouse  traded  until  1880,  when  D.  B.  Waterhouse 
became  sole  owner  until  he  sold  to  S.  S.  Waterhouse. 

Cabinet  ynahing  was  conducted  from  1841  by  Lowell  Valentine,  Nelson  Val- 
entine, R.  L.  McPherson,  William  Eldredge,  D.  S.  Perkins,  Perry  &  Merrill, 
and  from  1868  to  1883  by  D.  B.  Perry.  From  1865  to  1880  quite  a  business 
was  done  in  brick-making  a  short  distance  out  on  the  Poland  road,  first  by 
Fessenden  &  Morrill,  and  later  by  Thurston  &  Waterhouse. 

Andrew  J.  Weston  commenced  business  as  contractor  and  builder  in  1878. 
He  employs  several  men  and  deals  largely  in  lumber,  sash,  doors,  blinds,  etc. 

Creorge  0.  Goodwin  cf  Co.  erected  a  lumber  mill  on  the  Orrin  Dwinal  lot  in 
1887.  Their  power  is  a  40-horse-power  steam  engine.  They  cut  dimension, 
long  and  short  lumber,'  etc.,  and  produce  from  1,000,000  to  1,500,000  feet 
annually. 

iDr  Moses  Rust  Pulsifer,  grandson  of  David  and  sou  of  Jonathan,  was  the  first  young  man  of 
Poland  educated  as  a  physician.  He  was  born  in  Poland,  October  9,  1799;  died  at  Ellsworth,  January 
27,  1877.  He  married,  first,  Mary  S.,  oldest  child  of  Hon.  Josiali  Dunn.  Of  their  12  children  eight 
survive:  Maj.  Josiah  D.;  Dr  Nathan  G.  H.,  president  of  People's  Bank,  Waterville;  Reuben  D., 
farmer.  Stetson;  Augustus  M.,  Auburn;  Dr  Horatio  P>.,  Auburn;  Dr  Thomas  B.,  Yarmouth,  Mass.; 
Caroline  (Mrs  B.  F.  Crocker),  Hyannis,  Mass.;  Ella  D.  (Mrs  Frederic  Matthews),  Yarmouth,  Mass. 
Dr  Pulsifer  married,  second,  Mary  L.  Berry,  of  PZUsworth.  Children:  Georgia  (who  married  Dr 
Charles  Porter),  and  Charles  L.  Dr  Pulsifer  was  educated  at  Hebron  Academy,  Dartmouth,  and 
Bowdoin,  and  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  in  1822.  He  practiced  at  Eden,  Sullivan,  Minot,  Poland, 
Mount  Desert,  and  St  Stephens,  N.  B.  He  later  attended  medical  lectures  in  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia, and  practiced  hoinceopathy  in  Ellsworth.  He  was  devoted  to  his  profession  and  had  a  large 
practice;  was  an  honest  and  earnest  man,  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  abstinence  from  liquor  and 
tobacco,  and  lived  a  long,  laborious,  and  useful  life. 


Town  of  Poland.  741 


CHAPTER   XLIII. 

Coiio;regational  Churches— Universalist  Church  —  Methodist  Episcopal  Church— Free 
Will  Baptist  Churches  — Ad ventism  — Shakers —Baptist  Church  — Gleanings  from  Town 
Records  —  Civil  List. 

THE  First  Congregational  Church,  Poland  Corner.'  November  1,1825, 
a  council  of  Congregational  ministers  and  delegates  assembled  at  a  school- 
house  to  organize  a  Congregational  church.  Kev.  Edward  Payson,  D.D., 
of  Portland,  Rev.  Percy  Chapin  of  Pownal,  Rev.  Elijah  Jones  of  Minot,  Rev. 
Elisha  Moseley  of  New  Gloucester,  Rev.  J.  G.  Merrill  of  Otisfield,  were  present 
with  delegates.  After  the  reading  of  the  confession  of  faith,  etc.,  the  church 
was  organized  with  these  members  :  George  Waterhouse,  Jabez  Ricker,  Daniel 
Waterman,  Zenas  Cobb,  Mary  Ricker,  Elizabeth  Bailey,  Dorcas  Cobb,  Abagail 
Waterman,  Elizabeth  Lane,  and  Hannah  Allen.  Public  services  were  held  in 
the  afternoon  at  the  town  house  at  the  Corner.  The  first  services  were  at  the 
meeting-house  on  the  Plains.  The  Lord's  Supper  was  first  administered 
November  8, 1825,  by  Rev.  Elisha  Jones.  25  persons  were  admitted  to  member- 
ship the  first  year.  Zenas  Cobb  was  the  first  moderator.  James  P.  Richardson 
was  ordained  August  16,  1826.  During  the  first  six  months  35  persons  were 
received  into  the  church.  Among  them  were  Moses  Harris,  Daniel  Harris, 
Levi  Bailey,  Ephraim  Harris,  Edward  Ross,  Daniel  Pierce,  John  Cousens, 
John  Nevens,  and  Jacob  Rowe.  In  May,  1827,  Daniel  Waterman  and  Levi 
Bailey  were  chosen  first  deacons.  May  30,  1827,  the  new  meeting-house  at 
Poland  Corner  was  dedicated.  Sermon  by  the  pastor.  Rev.  Messrs  Greely, 
Stowe,  Jones,  Peckhara,  and  Long  assisted.  The  building  was  a  substantial 
one.  The  pews  were  made  of  the  finest  pine  lumber ;  were  unpainted,  and 
remained  so  until  the  renovation  in  Mr  Emrich's  time.  The  pulpit  was 
"fearfully  and  wonderfully  made."  It  was  high,  with  a  door  to  shut  in  the 
minister.  The  years  1830-31  were  memorable  for  a  revival.  September  14, 
1833,  Rev.  Mr  Richardson  resigned.  Rev.  Charles  R.  Fisk  next  received  a  call 
from  this  church,  with  a  salary  of  -1350.  Mr  Fisk  was  installed  May  27, 1834. 
He  remained  a  year.  Rev.  Thomas  Williams  was  next  pastor  ;  salary  f400.  He 
was  installed  October  18,  1835.  May,  1837,  Dr  Eleazer  Burbank  and  Daniel 
Pierce  were  chosen  deacons.  1839  was  blessed  by  a  "  gracious  revival."  In 
1840  a  branch  church  was  organized  at  Mechanic  Falls.  At  this  time,  accord- 
ing  to    Rev.    F.   E.   Emrich,  "through    the    perseverance    of    John    Cousens, 

1  Condensed  from  sketch  in  Poole  Bros'  "  History  of  Poland." 


742  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Edward  Little,  of  Auburn,  gave  to  the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Poland 
a  piece  of  land,  which  was  sold  for  -11,000,  the  interest  of  which  was  to  be 
appropriated  for  the  support  of  the  Congregational  parish  in  the  town  of 
Poland.  Tlie  wise  foresight  of  the  fathers  has  helped  their  children  in  perpetu- 
ating the  institutions  of  a  Congregational  society."  Mr  Williams  continued 
pastor  here  until  his  death.  In  1847  Rev.  Stephen  Gould  became  pastor,  and 
remained  until  his  death.  Mr  Gould  seems  to  have  been  the  latest  settled 
pastor.  Rev.  L.  W.  Harris  supplying  in  1860  half  the  time.  Since  that  date 
the  Congregational  ministers  of  Mechanic  Falls  have  supplied  here,  the  Rev. 
F.  E.  Emrich  doing  efficient  service.  Several  united  with  the  church  through 
his  labors.  By  his  active  services  the  meeting-house  was  remodelled,  the  old 
pulpit  replaced  by  a  modern  desk,  new  pews,  a  steeple  and  bell  added,  and  the 
church  re-furnished.  Rev.  C.  A.  White,  the  latest  acting  pastor,  was  faithful 
and  earnest  in  his  work. 

Meelianic  Fnlls  Gongre(jatlonal  Clmrcli. —  W.  W.  Waterman  says,  in  "History 
of  Poland,"  that  this  church  was  organized  as  a  branch  of  the  "  Congregational 
Church  in  Poland "  by  an  ecclesiastical  council  at  the  house  of  Mr  John 
Valentine,  June  15,  1840,  with  these  members:  John  Valentine,  Charlotte 
Valentine,  Joseph  H.  Hall,  Sophia  Hall,  Salmon  Hackett,  Laurana  Hackett, 
Samuel  Chandler,  Lowell  and  Nelson  Valentine,  Mrs  Pamelia  Foss,  and  Mrs 
Nancy  P.  Alden.  This  branch  of  the  church  was  to  be  under  the  care  of  Rev. 
Thomas  Williams,  then  pastor  of  the  church  in  Poland,  and  could  preach 
alternate  Sabbaths  at  Poland  Corner  and  Mechanic  E'alls.  The  first  preaching 
service  was  held  at  the  old  school-house  on  the  Minot  side  of  the  river,  July 
12,  1840.  About  this  time  a  few  individuals  joined  in  erecting  the  vestry  on  the 
south  side  of  the  meeting-house  lot,  which  was  a  gift  to  the  society  by  Mr 
John  Valentine.  The  vestry  was  dedicated  December  30,  1841.  It  was  used 
for  high  and  singing  schools,  lectures,  etc.,  until  about  1850,  when  it  was 
moved  away.  November  9,  1842,  the  branch  church  became  an  independent 
society,  and  Rev.  Nathan  Cobb  became  its  first  pastor,  and  continued  to  be  the 
nominal  pastor  of  the  church  (not  preaching  all  the  time)  up  to  August  12, 
1847,  when  he  was  dismissed  at  his  request;  and  on  the  same  day  and  by 
the  same  council.  Rev.  Enos  Merrill  was  installed.  Mr  Merrill  was  dismissed, 
at  his  own  request,  August  10,  1855.  He  was  noted  for  faithfulness  as  a 
pastor  and  fine  scholarship.  Rev.  William  N.  Jordan  came  next,  remained 
till  January,  1859,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Horatio  Illsley,  who 
preached  till  July,  1862;  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Joseph  Kyte.  Mr  Kyte 
was  installed  September  25,  1862,  and  remained  till  1864.  The  pulpit  was 
then  supplied  by  Revs  George  W.  Campbell,  E.  T.  Borchers,  F.  M.  Davies, 
A.  C.  Herrick,  E.  S.  Jordan,  H.  Whitcher,  R.  J.  Langradge,  and  Professors 
Stanley,  Hayes,  and  Angell.  Rev.  F.  E.  Emrich  commenced  preaching  April 
1,  1874,  was  installed  July  25,  1877,  and  dismissed  August  27,  1882.     Rev. 


Town  of  Poland.  743 


C.  A.  White  succeeded  him  December  31,  1882,  and  resigned  April  1,  1888. 
Kev.  S.  H.  Woodrow  preached  one  year,  and  was  followed  by  Rev.  Fred- 
erick Newport,  the  present  pastor.  The  number  of  persons  connected  with 
tliis  church  from  commencement  until  May,  1890,  is  228.  The  present  church 
building  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  the  autumn  of  1848.  The  dedicatory 
sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Enos  Merrill.  In  1886  the  house  was  remod- 
elled, repaired,  and  furnished  with  a  furnace,  and  a  basement  vestry  added. 

The  Universalist  Church.^  —  The  first  sermon  by  a  Universalist  in  Poland 
was  preached  on  Monday,  September  17,  1798,  by  Rev.  Thomas  Barns^;  his 
text  was:  "For  there  is  one  God,  and  one  mediator  between  God  and  men, 
the  man  Christ  Jesus,  who  gave  himself  a  ransom  for  all,  to  be  testified  in  due 
time."  At  the  conclusion  of  the  service.  Rev.  Mr  Merritt,  a  Methodist,  made 
some  remarks  according  to  his  doctrinal  ideas,  to  which  Mr  Barns  replied,  and 
"  we  shook  hands  and  parted  in  peace."  In  1799  Rev.  Mr  Barns  removed  his 
family  here.  January  6,  1802,  he  was  ordained  at  Gray.  In  May,  1802,  Rev. 
Mr  Hubbard,  Methodist,  arranged  with  Rev.  Mr  Barns  and  Rev.  Mr  Williston, 
Methodist,  to  hold  a  public  discussion  in  the  meeting-house  near  Minot  Corner. 
The  audience  was  large,  mostly  Methodists,  and  there  was  an  interesting 
discussion.  In  1807,  the  Congregational  church  of  New  Gloucester  exercised 
the  right  to  tax  other  denominations,  and  in  default  of  payment  sold  their 
stock  at  auction.  The  Universalists,  Baptists,  and  Methodists  sent  a  petition 
for  redress  to  the  legislature  b}^  Mr  Barns,  who  was  representative,  which  was 
successful.  He  fulfilled  his  appointments  to  preach  until  his  death.  [See 
note.]  Father  Barns  was  the  first  man  ordained  to  the  Christian  ministry  of 
universal  salvation  in  Maine.  Many  of  the  prominent  families  became 
interested  and  earnest  laborers  in  the  cause,  and  soon  after  his  death,  they,  in 
company  with  the  Methodists  and  Baptists,  built  a  meeting-house  at  Poland 
Corner,  in  which  they  held  meetings  and  had  preaching  by  itinerants,  until  it 
was  burned  about  30  years  afterward.  The  prominent  men  in  Poland  then 
Universalists  were  James  and  Charles  Chipman,  William  Jackson,  Samuel  and 
Job  Atwood,  Nathaniel  Lane,  Benjamin  Garland,  and  later,  Stephen  and  Free- 

1  Condensed  from  sketch  in  Poole  Bros'  "  History  of  Poland,"  written  by  J.  A.  Bucknam. 

'-  Rev.  Thomas  Barns,  born  in  Merrimao,  N.  H.,  in  1749,  became  a  Baptist  in  1771,  married  Mary 
Fletcher  in  1772,  and  was  a  farmer  of  Jaffrey,  N.  H.  In  1783  he  heard  a  Universalist  preach,  and  soon 
became  a  preacher  of  Universalism.  He  resided  in  Vermont,  Connecticut,  and  Massachusetts, 
preaching  in  those  states  and  Rhode  Island,  from  1786  to  1796,  when  he  came  to  New  Gloucester  and 
traveled  extensively  in  Maine  as  a  preacher  of  his  faith.  In  1799  he  came  to  Poland.  He  was 
ordained  January  6,  1802,  pastor  of  the  united  Universalist  societies  of  Falmouth,  Gray,  New 
Gloucester,  and  Norway,  and  his  spare  Sabbaths  he  preached  in  Freeport,  Danville,  Poland,  Turner, 
and  Livermore,  and  for  some  years  was  the  only  Universalist  preacher  in  Maine.  He  dieil  in  1816,  and 
was  buried  with  Masonic  honors.  He  was  often  representative,  was  of  blameless  character,  and  as  a 
speaker  possessed  wonderful  magnetism  and  oratorical  powers.  His  children  were  :  Polly,  Rachel, 
Thomas,  Reuben,  Lucy,  Lydia,  Sally,  Levisa,  Mary  Fletcher.  Sally  married  Hon.  Josiah  Dunn,  and  it 
was  said  that  he  would  lose  his  soul  because  he  married  the  daughter  of  a  Universalist  minister. 


744  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

man  Marble,  Z.  Weston,  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  and  Joseph  Harris.  After 
the  burning  of  the  churcli,  only  occasional  preaching  was  had  until  at 
Mechanic  Falls  Kev.  Messrs  Blacker,  Hitchens,  Quimby,  Gaines,  and  Father 
Thompson  frequently  preached  in  halls  and  school-houses  from  1851  to  1857, 
when  Father  Thompson  was  engaged  to  preach  one-half  the  time  in  Thayer's 
Hall.  The  Congregationalists  and  Freewill  Baptists  refused  to  let  him  preach 
in  their  churches,  even  when  they  were  unoccupied,  as  they  regarded  Uni- 
versalism  as  a  very  dangerous  doctrine.  The  Universalists,  however,  built  a 
commodious  church  of  their  own,  in  which  they  could  worship  God  according 
to  the  dictates  of  their  own  consciences,  completed  in  December,  1863. 

A  Universalist  Society  was  organized  April  8,  1862,  with  officers:  Mod- 
erator, J.  A.  Bucknam ;  clerk,  Charles  H.  Dwinal :  treasurer,  William  Moore; 
trustees,  John  Winslow,  William  Moore,  J.  A.  Bucknam.  This  society  was 
merged  into  a  new  organization,  March  24,  1863,  composed  of  citizens  of 
Poland,  Minot,  and  Hebron,  and  named  the  First  Universalist  Parish  of 
Mechanic  Falls.  The  charter  members  were  J.  A.  Bucknam,  Charles  H. 
Dwinal,  F.  H.  Cobb,  John  Winslow,  Mark  D.  Curtiss,  O.  W.  Hawkes,  F.'  A. 
Danforth,  and  B.  F.  Haskell.  At  this  first  meeting,  S.  F.  Waterman,  Adna  C. 
Denison,  A.  K.  Bickford,  Solomon  Atwood,  Edward  M.  Thurston  joined  the 
parish.  The  parish  was  organized  by  the  choice  of  F.  H.  Cobb,  moderator; 
Charles  H.  Dwinal,  clerk  and  treasurer;  J.  A.  Bucknam,  John  Winslow,  S.  F. 
Waterman,  trustees:  A.  C.  Denison,  E.  M.  Thurston,  F.  A.  Danforth,  assessors. 
Voted  to  raise  ''f'500  to  complete  the  sum  of  $3,000  for  the  purpose  of  building 
a  cliurch.  Hon.  A.  C.  Denison,  J.  A.  Bucknam,  S.  F.  Waterman,  E.  M. 
Thurston,  William  Moore,  and  A.  K.  Bickford  were  chosen  building  committee. 
The  church  was  built,  and  an  organ  valued  at  82,600  was  placed  in  it  before 
January,  1864,  when  the  church  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  Zenas  Thompson,  who 
probably  preached  the  first  Universalist  sermon  ever  delivered  in  Mechanic 
Falls  in  1840,  and  who,  from  1851  to  the  building  of  the  church,  labored 
zealously,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  the  erection  of  the  church.  He 
delivered  the  dedicatory  address  with  great  ability  and  power.  He  was  a 
wonderful  speaker  on  great  occasions.  The  singing  was  under  the  direction  of 
S.  F.  Waterman,  Esq.,  who  served  the  church  with  much  ability  for  many 
years.  January  24  Kev.  R.  A.  Ballou  was  engaged  to  fill  the  pulpit.  Decem- 
ber 24,  1864,  Rev.  A.  G.  Gaines  was  called  at  a  salary  of  -$800.  He  resigned 
January  1, 1870.  He  was  a  learned  man,  a  humble  and  devout  preacher,  gaining 
the  respect  of  all  the  community,  and  enlarging  the  parish  to  80  members. 

The  church  organized  in  1842  as  the  Hebron  and  West  Minot  Church,  and 
in  1858  reorganized  as  the  West  Minot  and  Mechanic  Falls  Church,  was 
reorganized  as  the  Mechanic  Falls  Church,  November  11,  1866,  and  it  retained 
all  the  old  members,  residents  of  Minot,  Poland,  and  Hebron.  These  names 
were  transferred  from  the  old  church  to  the  new :    John  Winslow  and  wife, 


Town  of  Poland.  745 


Calvin  Whitman  and  wife,  Solomon  Atwood  and  wife,  Calvin  Bucknam  and 
wife,  Charles  V.  Jacobs  and  wife,  James  Jacobs  and  wife,  William  Moore  and 
wife,  William  Cobb  and  wife,  Tristram  Durelle  and  wife,  Benjamin  Waterhouse 
and  wife,  Jacob  McCollister  and  wife,  Cyrus  Bridgham  and  wife,  Ara  Cush- 
man  and  wife,  Thomas  Cushman  and  wife,  Ephraim  Stinchfield  and  wife, 
Smith  G.  Bailey  and  wife,  Albert  Valentine,  Lloyd  Andrews,  Samuel  Bumpus, 
S.  A.  Bennett,  Adam  Richardson,  Josiah  A.  Bucknam,  Rufus  Thurlow,  Matthias 
P.  Sawyer,  Zenas  Weston  and  wife,  Benjamin  F.  Haskell  and  wife,  Sarah  D. 
Clark,  Rachel  C.  Richardson,  Sarah  Moore,  Cynthia  DeCoster,  Sarah  A.  Par- 
sons, Elizabeth  O.  Ryerson,  Hamlin  T.  Bucknam.  These  were  added  at  the 
formation  of  the  Mechanic  Falls  Church:  Adna  C.  Denison,  George  Sholes, 
Edward  M.  Thurston  and  wife,  Rev.  Absalom  G.  Gaines,  Abraham  A.  Waldron. 
60  members  constituted  the  Mechanic  Falls  Church,  December  2,  1866.  Since 
then  88  members  have  been  added,  39  have  died,  and  the  present  number  is  60. 
Calvin  Bucknam  served  as  deacon  from  1842  to  about  1872.  Lysander  Dunham 
served  from  1842  until  1858.  Since  then  George  Sholes,  Albert  Valentine,  E. 
M.  Thurston,  Andrew  J.  Weston  and  Alvin  Reed  are  the  present  deacons. 
Josiah  A.  Bucknam,  E.  M.  Thurston,  Albert  Valentine,  Charles  S.  Allen, 
Nathaniel  Gammon,  A.  J.  Weston,  George  Sholes,  and  E.  F.  Bradford  have 
been  clerks.  The  business  department  is  in  the  hands  of  the  parish.  [For  the 
creed  see  Auburn.]  Rev.  Zenas  Thompson  succeeded  Rev.  Mr  Gaines  and 
began  his  service  in  March,  1870.  A  bell  was  purchased  and  rung  for  the  first 
time  December  4,  1870.  lo  members  were  added  to  the  parish  February  20, 
1871.  On  account  of  impaired  health  Rev.  Mr  Thompson  resigned  December  3, 
but  remained  the  balance  of  his  year.  The  parish  was  increased  to  99  members, 
and  several  added  to  the  church,  and  during  his  last  winter  the  average  of  the 
Sabbath-school  attendance  was  175.  He  was  unanimously  invited  to  remain 
two  years  longer,  but  his  ill  health,  brought  on  by  exposure  as  chaplain  in  the 
army,  rendered  it  impossible.  The  church  and  parish,  with  other  friends  where 
he  had  preached,  in  grateful  remembrance  of  his  unselfish  labors  for  a  life-time, 
at  the  suggestion  of  his  friend,  J.  A.  Bucknam,  purchased  a  pleasant  little 
homestead  in  the  village  and  presented  it  to  him,  so  that  he  could  rest  from  his 
active  duties  of  pastor  and  yet  be  helpful  in  many  ways  to  the  church  and 
community.  He  gave  his  life-work  for  temperance  and  humanit}^  as  embodied 
in  the  blessed  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ.  Thus  he  lived,  honored  and  loved  in 
the  last  years  of  his  life  by  people  of  all  religious  faiths.  He  died  December, 
1882,  in  the  town  of  Deering,  aged  78  years.  May  6,  1872,  Rev.  S.  S.  Davis, 
a  graduate  of  Canton  Theological  School,  N.  Y.,  was  the  next  pastor.  He 
remained  nearly  one  year.  Rev.  Martin  J.  Steere  accepted  a  unanimous  call 
of  the  parish  to  become  its  pastor  at  a  salary  of  $1,500,  and  began  his  services 
November  30,  1873.  May  11,  1875,  on  motion  of  Hon.  A.  C.  Denison,  the 
parish  unanimously  voted  to  enlarge  the  church  and  put  a  vestry  under  it  at  a 


746  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

cost  of  about  -fi6,000.  The  Congregational  church  kindly  invited  them  to 
occupy  their  meeting-house  while  repairing,  without  charge,  which  was  thank- 
fully accepted.  October  28,  the  building  being  completed,  the  vestry  was 
dedicated  and  named  Murray  Hall.  May  14,  1876,  Bro.  Steere  read  his  resig- 
nation and  it  was  accepted.  Many  members  were  added  to  the  church  while 
he  was  pastor.  He  came  to  the  Universalists  from  the  Free  Baptists.  He 
wrote  a  theological  book,  entitled  "  Footprints  Heavenward,"  giving  his  reasons 
for  his  change  of  belief,  and  it  was  very  popular.  [See  page  374.]  From 
June,  1876,  to  June,  1877,  the  pulpit  was  supplied.  Rev.  Harrison  S.Whitman 
was  installed  pastor  of  the  church  June  22,  1877.  October  9,  1882,  Rev.  Mr 
Whitman  resigned.  He  was  a  talented  writer  and  preacher,  and  a  very  pure- 
minded  and  exemplary  man.  During  his  pastorate  many  joined  the  church  and 
parish.  For  nearly  a  year  services  were  held  every  Sunday,  then  Rev.  W.  W. 
Hooper  commenced  his  service  as  pastor.  He  labored  earnestly  and  faithfully, 
but  under  very  unfavorable  circumstances;  the  parish  had  a  heavy  debt  and 
could  not  make  much  progress.  May  6,  1886,  the  parish  accepted  his  resigna- 
tion. Mr  Hooper  was  an  interesting  preacher,  a  beloved  pastor,  and  endeared 
himself  to  the  whole  community.  Rev.  W.  S.  Perkins,  of  Lewiston,  filled  the 
pulpit  from  1886,  to  June,  1889.  He  was  an  able  and  eloquent  speaker.  One 
very  important  movement  was  begun  in  1887  by  him,  and  Bros  Whitman, 
Hooper,  and  Hayden,  to  relieve  the  parish  of  its  debt  by  inducing  the  state 
convention  to  pay  -^500  for  three  successive  years,  if  the  parish  would  pay  in 
the  same  sum.  This  was  consummated  May  1,  1890,  when  the  ladies  got  up  a 
supper.  150  persons  generously  paid  -12.50  a  plate  and  raised  the  money.  Mr 
Bucknam  says  if  the  noble  women  of  the  parish  had  not,  during  the  darkest 
days,  worked  with  untiring  energy,  the  parish  property  must  have  been  lost  to 
the  denomination.  Great  honor  is  due  to  them.  From  July,  1889,  to  Jul}'^, 
1890,  Rev.  R.  F.  Johonnot,  of  Lewiston,  ministered  to  the  church  on  Sundays. 

The  parish  and  church  now  extended  a  unanimous  invitation  to  Rev.  George 
G.  Hamilton,  of  Oakland,  who  began  his  work  October  5, 1890.  He  came  here 
by  a  personal  sacrifice,  hoping  by  the  help  of  God's  spirit  to  do  a  large  and 
glorious  work.  Since  Mr  Hamilton  came,  the  audience  at  church  and  Sabbath 
school  has  doubled  in  attendance.  At  this  writing,  November  1,  1890,  the 
church  and  parish  are  in  a  more  prosperous  condition  than  they  have  been  for 
years,  are  free  from  debt,  with  church  property  valued  at  |10,000,  a  church 
membership  of  60,  a  parish  membership  of  80,  Sabbath  school  of  about  85. 
There  are  120  families  in  the  vicinity;  some  of  each  attend  the  meetings  and 
contribute  to  its  support. 

The  parish  is  the  business  branch  of  the  church,  yet  its  creed,  constitution, 
and  by-laws  are  in  substance  the  same  as  the  church,  but  not  subject  to  its 
ordinances.  The  board  of  trustees  is  the  executive  force  and  business  and 
financial  management.    These  persons  have  served  as  trustees :  J.  A.  Bucknam, 


Town  of  Poland.  747 


John  Winslow,  S.  F.  Waterman,  A.  C.  Denison,  E.  M.  Thurston,  William 
Moore,  A.  T.  Denison,  F.  C.  Whitehouse,  A.  Reed,  Calvin  M.  Cram,  E.  B. 
Gammon,  D.  B.  Holt,  A.  J.  Weston,  James  S.  Gerr}'-,  E.  F.  Bradford,  C.  H. 
Dwinal,  Fred  E.  Dwinal,  George  L.  Reed,  Mrs  A.  T.  Denison,  Mrs  Charles  H. 
Dwinal.  The  present  officers  are:  Alvin  Reed,  moderator;  Dr  E.  F.  Brad- 
ford, clerk  ;  A.  J.  Weston,  treasurer  ;  James  H.  DeCoster,  Herbert  E.  Thurston, 
L.  W.  Mason,  trustees.  These  persons  have  served  in  their  respective  offices 
longer  than  any  others:  George  W.  Sholes,  as  clerk  of  church.  Sabbath  school, 
and  parish;  A.  J.  Weston,  treasurer  of  parish;  J.  A.  Bucknam,  trustee  of 
parish;  A.  C.  Denison,  su[)erintendent  of  Sabbath  school  and  its  most  efficient 
supporter.  The  ministerial  fund  is  about  $5,000.  In  1890  the  Methodists 
received  30  per  cent.,  the  Universalists  23  per  cent.,  the  Free  Baptists  21  per 
cent.,  the  Congregationalists  14  per  cent.,  the  Adventists  10  per  cent.,  the 
Calvinist  Baptists  2  per  cent.  The  Mechanic  Falls  church  is  the  only  Univer- 
salist  organization  in  tov^^n.  Its  average  running  expenses  since  1863  have 
been  tf  1,500  per  year.  These  sums,  with  what  has  been  paid  for  buildings  and 
formation,  will  exceed  $50,000. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  —  Poland  was  at  first  in  the  Portland  circuit. 
Jesse  Lee  preached  here,  in  1793,  in  the  house  of  Nehemiah  Strout,  and 
Nehemiah  Strout,  Josiah  Dunn,  and  William  Davis  were  converted.  This 
house  was  the  preaching  place  of  Methodist  itinerants  for  years.  In  1795 
there  was  a  church  organization,  and  in  a  record  of  the  quarterly  conference, 
in  August,  1797,  it  is  stated  "that  Moses  Emery,  Jr,  of  Poland  was  chosen 
steward  of  the  money  matters,  in  Asa  Robertson's  stead."  This  quarterly 
meeting  was  held  at  Poland.  In  1802  Portland  circuit  was  divided  into 
Falmouth  and  Poland  circuits.  Josiah  Dunn  and  John  Caldwell  were 
stewards  of  Poland  circuit.  Prior  to  1800  Timothy  Merritt  became  a  laborer 
here,  and  his  work  brought  a  great  revival.  In  1802  Philip  Munger  was 
preacher  in  charge.  In  1803  Joshua  Taylor  was  presiding  elder.  Joel  Wicker 
appointed  to  Poland.  The  years  1816  and  1817  were  blessed  under  the  labors 
of  John  Adams.  Many  of  Poland's  representative  people  were  converted  to 
Methodism,  and  many  of  their  descendants  have  been  prominent  workers. 
Moses  Emery  and  several  of  his  family  became  Methodists.  His  oldest  son, 
Moses,  was  a  local  preacher,  and  for  more  than  40  years  and  while  his  health 
continued,  preached  every  Sabbath.  His  life  gave  the  impression  that  religion 
made  this  life  happy  and  the  future  glorious.  He  died  at  Livermore  Falls, 
November  4, 1861,  in  his  90th  year.  Jlev.  Natlian  Emery.,  son  of  Moses  Emery, 
was  born  in  Poland,  August  5, 1780.  In  1795  he  was  converted  to  Methodism, 
and  when  16  was  appointed  class  leader  ;  in  1799  licensed  to  preach ;  in  1801 
ordained  deacon ;  in  1803  removed  from  Maine,  and  until  1821  he  was 
appointed  to  prominent  circuits  in  New  York  Conference.  In  1816  he  organ- 
ized the  first  Sunday  school  in  Brooklyn.     In  1804  and  1816  he  was  a  member 


748  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

of  the  General  Conference.  He  afterward  removed  to  Ohio  and  resumed 
itinerant  labors.  He  died  May  20,  1849.  Mr  Emery's  ministrations  were 
characterized  by  good  sense,  great  zeal  for  God,  and  a  deep  concern  for  the 
salvation  of  souls.  Rev.  William  Freeman  Farrington  was  born  near  Worthley 
Brook  in  Poland,  September  7,  1800,  and  died  in  Auburn,  December  26, 
1888.  He  was  converted  when  14,  and  preached  his  first  sermon  in  Poland  in 
1826.  In  1829  he  joined  the  conference  and  preached  in  Durham.  In 
1856-58  he  was  presiding  elder  of  the  Portland  district.  He  was  a  natural 
orator,and  one  of  the  sweetest  of  singers.  His  life  was  a  useful  and  an  unblem- 
ished one.  The  descendants  of  Josiah  Dunn  have  largely  identified  themselves 
with  the  Methodists;  among  them,  Hon.  William  Dunn,  and  Reuben  B.  Dunn, 
who  was  born  in  Poland,  December  23, 1802,  and  was  one  of  the  strongest  sup- 
porters of  the  Methodist  church.  He  acquired  wealth  and  gave  largely  to  the 
cause  he  loved.  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Waterville  Methodist  Church, 
Boston  University,  and  many  other  churches  had  in  him  a  most  generous 
benefactor.  Poland  circuit  has  been  much  reduced,  and  now  embraces  only 
Poland  and  Minot.  In  1886  East  Poland  and  Minot  Corner  had  one  church 
organization,  with  a  membership  of  41,  two  church  edifices  valued  at  over 
#4,000,  and  a  parsonage  valued  at  $800.  Rev.  J.  F.  Keith  served  this  charge 
two  years  ;  his  pastorate  commenced  May  1,  1888.  Rev.  George  G.  Powers 
succeeded  him  April  28,  1890.  The  church  membership  is  56.  There  are 
three  Sabbath  schools  with  89  pupils  and  12  teachers.  The  superintendents 
are  :  Howard  M.  Dunn,  C.  ¥.  King,  and  R.  J.  Everett.  The  Empire  Grove 
camp-meeting  is  held  annually.  The  grounds  are  improved  each  year,  and 
they  are  among  the  finest  and  most  convenient  in  New  England.  The  grounds 
were  leased,  in  1858,  for  99  years,  and  are  near  Empire  station. 

The  First  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  was  organized  October  8,  1798.  The 
first  members  were  William  Emery,  Mark  Emery,  Edmund  Megquier,  and 
John  Fernald.  They  met  at  the  house  of  William  Emery;  Elder  Zachariah 
Leach,  of  Raymond,  and  Elder  Joseph  Hutchinson,  of  Turner,  assisted  in  the 
ceremonies.  During  the  year  Jonathan  Fickett,  Zudy  Fickett,  Edmund 
Megquier,  and  John  Fernald  were  received  by  baptism.  Meetings  were  held 
in  houses,  barns,  and  groves.  Elder  Z.  Leach,  the  first  pastor,  preached  from 
1798  until  1824.  Hubbard  Chandler  preached  in  1825.  During  his  ministry 
the  church  was  reorganized  and  joined  to  the  Gorham  yearly  meeting.  Rev. 
Hubbard  Chandler,  born  in  Wilton,  January  11,  1798,  was  son  of  Henry  and 
Mehitable  Chandler,  early  settlers  of  Poland.  He  was  ordained  January  9, 
1822,  and  united  with  the  Freewill  Baptists.  He  preached  in  120  towns, 
averaging  not  more  than  |50  a  year  for  his  services.  He  was  a  very  persuasive 
speaker  and  a  most  successful  missionary.  He  died  November  5, 1866.  In  1831 
Rev.  James  Libby  was  settled  as  pastor,  maintaining  that  relation  until  1865. 
Rev.  James  Libby,  son  of  Deacon  James  and  Betsey  Small  Libby,  was  born  in 


Town  of  Poland.  749 


Danville  in  1796.  In  1828  he  entered  the  ministry ;  in  1831  moved  to  West 
Poland.  The  church  prospered  under  his  ministrations.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  four  anti-slavery  men  in  the  town.  Temperance  was  strongly  advocated 
by  him,  and  Sabbath  schools.  His  remarkable  memory  and  great  conversa- 
tional powers  made  him  an  instructive  and  agreeable  speaker.  He  attended 
more  than  1,000  funerals,  baptized  about  1,000  persons,  and  performed  tlie 
marriage  ceremony  many  hundred  times.  He  died  March  6,  1884.  The 
pastorate  has  been  since  held  by  Elder  C.  Bean,  Jerry  Hayden,  David  Libby, 
Ebenezer  Eaton,  and  J.  S.  Potter.  The  deacons  have  been  Robert  Snell, 
Stephen  Cobb,  Francis  Rounds,  Joseph  Allen,  Joshua  Lunt,  William  Barton, 
Israel  Herrick,  Mark  Emery,  Joshua  Jordan,  William  E.  Morton,  Lemuel  C. 
Keene,  and  William  E.  Lunt.  The  membership  since  organization  has  been  about 
300 ;  present  number,  about  80.  The  meeting-house  was  built  in  1834  and 
dedicated  January  1, 1835  ;  dedication  sermon  by  Rev.  George  Lamb.  In  1840 
a  number  were  dismissed  to  form  a  church  on  White  Oak  hill,  after  which  this 
became  the  First  Free  Baptist  Church.  For  a  few  jeAvs  the  pulpit  has  been 
supplied  by  Revs  J.  S.  Burgess,  Wakeley,  Gosline,  and  others.  The  first  choir 
was  under  the  leadership  of  William  Stevens,  and  then  Benjamin  C.  Megquier. 
This  choir  disbanded.  In  1848  a  new  choir  was  formed  under  the  leadership 
of  Nathaniel  Keene,  who  held  that  position  for  over  30  years.  There  is  no 
resident  pastor  of  the  church  at  present. 

The  /Second  Free  Baptist  Church  was  organized  on  White  Oak  hill  in  1840, 
with  40  members ;  the  most  had  belonged  to  the  First  Church  on  Megquier 
hill.  Among  them  were  John  Stanton,  William  Stanton,  William  McCann, 
Lorenzo  Thurston,  George  Thurston,  Joseph  P'rickey,  David  McCann,  Betsey 
Stanton,  Lydia  Stanton,  Lucy  McCann,  Rachel  Stanton.  Rev.  George  Haskell 
was  installed  pastor  and  in  1841  35  members  were  added.  From  1841  to  1856 
the  pastors  were  Rev.  Smith  Fairfield,  Rev.  Thomas  Kenniston,  and  one  other. 
From  1856  to  1876  Rev.  John  Pinkham  did  great  service,  and  since  preaching 
has  been  supplied  by  students  from  Bates  College,  and  various  itinerants. 
Plie  membership  is  about  40.  The  church  was  built  and  dedicated  in  1870. 
William  Stanton  and  William  McCann  were  chosen  deacons  at  the  organiza- 
tion, and  held  office  until  their  death.  Deacon  McCann  died  in  1878,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Leo  F.  Thurston.  Deacon  Stanton  died  in  1885,  since  which 
time  no  one  has  been  elected. 

Adventism  was  first  preached  at  West  Poland  in  1842  by  Elder  E.  Crowell, 
Joshua  V.  Hines,  and  others.  A  large  number  embraced  this  doctrine,  and  for 
several  years  the  Adventists  and  Baptists  occupied  the  same  house  of  worship. 
In  1855  the  Adventists  erected  a  chapel,  which  was  dedicated  free  to  all  sects 
and  denominations.  Deaths  and  removals  have  reduced  this  once  large  society, 
and  no  church  organization  or  regular  meeting  is  maintained.  The  elders  who 
have  resided  at  W^est  Poland  were  Joseph  P^urner,  Luther  L.  Howard,  O.  R. 


750  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Fassett,  Jesse  Partridge,  Joseph  T.  Jordan,  Jared  Whitman,  and  Rev.  James 
Albert  Libby,  who  is  son  of  Rev.  James  and  Nancy  Fulton  Libby,  a  descendant  of 
John  Libby,  the  English  emigrant,  and  born  in  West  Poland,  July  3, 1832.  He 
had  a  common  school  and  academical  education,  and  has  been  a  teacher.  When 
26  he  became  a  preacher  and  was  ordained  by  the  Adventists  in  1859.  He 
has  labored  in  eight  different  states  and  in  Canada.  In  1869,  accompanied  by 
his  wife,  Mary  (Chandler)  Libby,  he  went  to  South  Carolina,  and  preached 
and  taught  among  the  freedmen.  From  1884  to  1887  he  was  settled  in 
Castleton,  Vt,  and  50  members  were  added  to  the  society.  He  now  resides  in 
Poland,  and  ministers  to  churches  in  the  surrounding  towns.  He  has  devoted 
much  time  to  literary  work,  and  has  published  many  poems.  He  is  president 
of  the  Androscoggin  Camp-Meeting  Association,  and  Androscoggin  County 
Conference.     He  is  a  Republican  and  a  prohibitionist. 

An  organized  church  of  some  50  members  holds  regular  meetings  at 
Mechanic  Falls.  In  1890,  the  Camp-Meeting  Association  began  to  hold  yearly 
meetings  on  its  grounds  of  15  acres,  situated  on  the  Lewiston  road.  The 
lovely  location,  the  waving  groves,  the  splendid  scenery,  combine  to  make  the 
natural  features  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  designed  purpose  of  a  religious 
summer  resort. 

The  Shakers. — ^In  November,  1783,  Elisha  Pote,  Nathan  Freeman,  and 
Enoch  Waite  came  into  Thompson  Pond  plantation  and  held  meetings.  They 
were  gifted  speakers  and  singers,  and  many  embraced  their  faith.  A  meeting- 
house was  built,  also  mills  in  New  Gloucester.  By  industry  and  prudence  the 
Shakers  acquired  much  real  estate.  For  a  while  they  retained  their  property 
as  before  conversion,  but  soon  after  it  was  held  in  common.  They  were  joined 
by  others  from  Buckfield ;  they  exchanged  the  lands  on  Ricker  hill  for  lands 
in  Alfred.  J.  M.  Libby  says  of  the  Poland  or  Upper  Family,  in  1872 :  "  They 
came  in  1819,  exchanged  their  lands  in  Gorham  for  those  they  own  in  Poland 
with  Andrew  Twombly  and  Josh.  Berry,  and  bought  other  lands.  The  family 
at  first  numbered  50,  but  at  present  something  less  than  40.  Of  the  original 
50  only  five  are  now  living.  Elder  Samuel  Pote  came  with  the  family  to 
Poland.  The  present  elder  is  Nehemiah  Trull.  Their  chief  reason  for  leaving 
Gorham  was  the  scarcity  of  wood  and  timber,  large  quantities  of  which  they 
found  here.  The  stone  mansion  begun  12  years  ago,  but  not  completed,  has 
cost  i>15,000,  and  when  finished  will  cost  '1120,000.  They  value  their  property 
in  Poland  at  |!30,000.  Agriculture  forms  the  chief  occupation,  and  is  carried 
to  a  high  degree  of  perfection.  Gardening,  grape-culture,  and  orcharding  each 
receive  considerable  attention."  In  recent  years  this  society  has  not  flourished 
and  their  farm  has  been  abandoned  and  sold. 

Poland  Baptist  Church.  —  Many  of  the  early  residents  became  Baptists,  and 
united  with  the  church  in  Paris.  In  1824  they  were  embodied  into  a  church, 
with  21  members.     But  they  were   few  in  numbers,  and,  after  several  years. 


Town  of  Poland.  751 


they  united  with  the  church  in  Oxford,  which  became  "  Poland  and  Oxford  " 
church.  This  union  continued  until  the  membership  and  influence  was  mostly 
confined  to  Oxford,  when  the  name  Poland  was  dropped. 

Gleanings  from  Records.  —  T/te  First  Town  Meeting  of  which  there  is  record  was  held  at  the 
"Centre  School-House"  June  5,  1824.  1825,  April  4,  voted  to  layout  one-half  of  the  interest  of  the 
ministerial  fund,  to  be  divided  among  the  several  denominations.  182G,  November  14,  voted  not  to 
annex  Thompson  Pond  plantation.  1827,  January  20,  voted  ^aQ  to  build  a  bridge  across  the  Little 
Androscoggin  river  at  or  near  Bog  falls.  December  18  the  division  of  the  ministerial  fund  was:  Meth- 
odists, $12.90;  Freewill  Baptists,  .$9.74;  Congregationalists,  .$6.88;  Calvinist  Baptists,  $5.  1832,  March 
5,  voted  to  grant  licenses  to  innholders  and  retailers  of  spirituous  liquors.  May  29,  the  limits  of  the 
two  militia  companies,  commanded  by  Captain  Snow  and  Captain  Kufus  Haskell,  were  defined  by  the 
selectmen.  1833,  March  13,  voted  not  to  grant  licenses  to  retailers  of  spirituous  liquors.  1834,  March 
31,  Joshua  Thurlow  and  Tilson  Waterman  were  chosen  to  petition  the  legislature  for  liberty  to  .sell  the 
school  lands  for  a  school  fund.  1835,  March  2,  voted  Wentworth  Ricker,  James  Dunn,  Nehemiah 
Strout,  John  Martin,  and  Sprague  Keen  pound-keepers,  and  their  yards  to  be  pounds.     1836,  December 

10,  a  meeting  was  held  on  the  banks  of  the  Little  Androscoggin  and  chose  David  Harris,  Samuel 
Atwood,  and  Samuel  Lane  to  meet  a  committee  from  Minot  to  draw  plans  for  a  bridge  across  the  river 
on  the  road  leading  from  Poland  Corner  by  Samuel  Cousens's  to  "  Bog  falls."  Plans  were  reported 
and  accepted,  and  contract  for  building  the  abutment  awarded  to  Simeon  Lane  for  .$175.  1837,  March 
13,  voted  that  each  school  district  choose  its  own  school  agents;  voted  to  receive  the  surplus  revenue 
money;  William  Dunn  chosen  agent  to  receive  it.  and  Josiah  Dunn,  John  Cousens,  and  Jonathan 
Pulsifer  to  loan  it,  the  interest  to  be  appropriated  to  pay  town  charges.  1838,  April  9,  voted  to  fence 
the  public  burying-grounds. 

1840,  September  14,  for  governor,  John  Fairfield  had  359  votes  and  Edward  Kent  119  — the  largest 
vote  yet  cast.  1841,  March  6,  the  representative  was  instructed  to  oppose  the  petition  of  Samuel  Jordan 
and  79  others  of  Raymond,  Poland,  and  New  Gloucester,  for  incorporation,  and  Benjamin  Waterhouse 
Stephen  M.  Marble,  and  Tilson  Waterman  were  appointed  to  draft  a  remonstrance.  1844,  March  25 
voted  to  purchase  a  poor-farm  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  .$1,500.  1846,  April  18,  voted  to  build  a  town 
house  on  the  land  owned  by  the  proprietors  between  the  Methodist  meeting-house  and  Amos  Cum- 
mings's  land.  John  True,  Jr,  contracted  to  build  it  for  $375.  Alden  Chandler  was  appointed  to  see 
that  the  work  was  done  according  to  contract  and  the  house  finished  by  March  1, 1847.     1854,  September 

11,  voted  to  buy,  build,  or  hire  a  house  for  sufferers  from  small-pox  or  other  contagious  diseases. 
1857,  September  14,  Joseph  Freeman,  William  Schellinger,  and  Joseph  Strout  were  chosen  to  sell  the 
poor-farm  and  purchase  a  "new  one."  October  24,  voted  that  the  town  purchase  George  Fickett's 
farm  for  $2,800.  1858,  one  vote  cast  for  the  liquor  license  act  of  1856;  187  for  the  prohibitory  act. 
1859,  February  19,  resolutions  were  adopted  denouncing  the  petition  of  the  Poland  Shakers  to  be  set  off 
from  Poland  and  annexed  to  New  Gloucester  as  "unreasonable,  oppressive,  and  unjust."  1860 
September  10,  for  governor,  Israel  AVashburn,  Jr,  had  324  votes,  and  Ephraim  K.  Smart  263. 

The  Civil  Tra?-.  —  Poland  sent  216  enlisted  men,  41  citizens  furnished  substitutes,  and  $45,230  was 
expended  during  the  war.  May  25,  1861,  the  town  voted  to  hire  $5,000  for  aid  of  soldiers'  families,  to 
assist  those  only  having  a  legal  residence  here,  to  appropriate  (out  of  the  above  sum)  one-half  of  a  sum 
sulficient  to  supply  the  Mechanic  Falls  company  with  revolvers  when  Minot  shall  furnish  the  other 
half.  July  22,  1862,  voted  to  hire  $2,250,  and  to  pay  each  soldier  (not  exceeding  30)  enlisting  within  six 
days  $75  bounty.  August  27  voted  to  pay  a  bounty  of  $100.  September  9  voted  to  hire  $5,000  to  pay 
volunteers  of  the  last  quota  $100  bounty.  August  6,  1863,  voted  to  hire  money  to  relieve  all  conscripts 
from  service.  November  6,  1863,  to  hire  money  to  pay  each  volunteer  $300;  November  13  to  raise  $250 
for  each  volunteer  under  the  last  call.  September  5,  1864,  voted  to  pay  $.300  bounty  under  the  present 
call.  December  24  voted  $450  bounty  to  fill  the  quota.  January,  1865,  voted  to  pay  $200  for  one  year, 
two  years  $300,  three  years  $450.  A.  A.  Dwinal  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  assisted  by  the  town,  erected  a 
beautiful  monument  (dedicated  May  30, 1887,)  in  the  little  park  in  front  of  the  Poland  Paper  Company's 
mills  at  Mechanic  Falls. 

1865,  August  23,  Stephen  C.  Atkins  and  Daniel  F.  Ayer  were  appointed  special  police  at  the  East 
Poland  camp-meeting.  1867,  voted  111  to  8  in  favor  of  an  amendment  to  the  existing  liquor  law. 
October  12  voted  to  exempt  from  taxation  for  ten  years  property  exceeding  $5,000  when  expended  for 
manufacturing  purposes.  1868,  September  26,  the  school  committee  of  Minot  and  Poland  adopted  text- 
books for  the  public  schools.    1869,  December  11,  George  B.  Dunn  and  Charles  Lane  agreed  to  repair 


752  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


the  town  house  for  the  use  of  the  hall  for  five  years  (when  not  in  use  by  the  town)  for  festivals, 
meetings,  parties,  singing  schools,  concerts,  dances,  etc.,  but  December  31  it  was  "  voted  that  the  town 
house  shall  not  be  used  as  a  dance  hall,"  and  to  pay  Lane  &  Dunn  their  expenses  for  repairs. 

1871  it  was  agreed  that  Poland  should  send  representatives  in  1871,  1873,  1874,1876, 1878,  and  1880,  and 
Minot  in  the  other  years  between  1870  and  1880.  1872,  June  22,  voted  to  .raise  $3,100  to  pay 
the  rent  of  a  shoe  factory,  provided  the  citizens  of  Mechanic  Falls  take  care  of  the  loan  and  provide 
the  building  with  machinery.  1874,  ISIarch  9,  voted  to  raise  .$500  for  a  free  high  school,  and  A.  T. 
Denison,  J.  M.  Libby,  S.  S.  Littletield,  David  Dunn,  and  John  S.  Dunn  were  chosen  to  locate  the 
school  and  expend  the  money.  Voted  to  set  off  the  Shakers  from  school  district  No.  12  and  the 
Shakers's  property  in  No.  1  to  district  No.  9  in  New  Gloucester.  1876,  November  7,  voted  to  build, 
with  Minot,  an  iron  bridge  at  Mechanic  Falls.  1877,  May  1,  voted  to  fund  the  town  debt  by  issuing  5% 
bonds.     1878,  November  9,  line  between  Poland  and  Oxford  perambulated. 

1883,  March  12,  voted  .$2.5  for  Memorial  Day.  Voted  to  abolish  the  school  district  system.  1884, 
September  8,  vote  on  the  prohibitory  amendment,  "yes,"  306;  "no,"  103.  September  29,  Alfred  G. 
Thurlow,  Orren  S.  Keen,  and  Charles  W.  Dunn  were  appointed  to  sell  the  town  farm  and  buy  another. 
1887,  March  14,  voted  to  build  (and  $800  appropriated)  with  Minot,  an  iron  bridge  at  Minot  Corner. 
September  3,  voted  to  establish  free  high  schools  at  West  Poland  and  Poland  Corner.  1888,  December  9, 
voted  to  oppose  the  incorporation  of  Mechanic  Falls  village,  and  the  annexation  of  that  pai-t  of  Poland 
lying  east  of  the  Grand  Trunk  to  Minot.  1890,  March  10,  voted  for  a  uniform  course  of  study  in  the  schools, 
and  $1,000  appropriated  to  buy  school  books.  $1,200  was  i-aised  to  protect  Mechanic  Falls  against  fire, 
provided  the  Poland  Paper  Co.  give  bond  to  furnish  water.  1891,  money  appropriated  at  annual  meeting, 
schools,  $3,000;  high  school,  $250;  highways,  labor,  $2,500;  roads  and  bridges,  money,  $2,000;  poor, 
$1,200;  other  purposes,  $3,925.    The  valuatioa  of  the  town  is  $958,428. 

Schools}  —  Poland  has  ever  had  a  good  character  of   district  schools  and 
late  years  has  sustained  free  high  schools  in   various  parts.      November  26, 

1887,  the  town  voted  to  change  from  the  district  to  the  town  system.  This 
terminated  the  union  of  districts  No.  20  in  Poland  and  No.  1  in  Minot,  leaving 
224  scholars  in  Poland  to  be  provided  with  educational  facilities.      March  12, 

1888,  the  town  voted  15,000  for  suitable  school-buildings  at  Mechanic  Falls, 
which  were  at  once  built.  A.  J.  Weston  was  contractor  for  the  wood  work. 
These  buildings  are  on  Elm  street,  on  commanding  ground.  There  is  a  well- 
kept  lawn  in  front,  with  walks  and  young  shade  trees,  and  large  play-grounds, 
and  all  the  spacious,  well-lighted,  and  perfectly  ventilated  rooms  are  heated 
with  steam.  It  is  supplied  with  four  teachers,  and  the  most  progressive 
methods  are  employed.  Number  of  pupils  attending  in  each  department,  from 
40  to  50.  The  school  is  free  to  all  Poland  scholars,  and  the  way  is  open  for 
them  to  graduate  here.  The  course  covers  three  years  in  the  primary  depart- 
ment, four  in  the  grammar,  and  four  in  the  high.  The  high  school  has  elective 
courses,  English  and  classical.  The  classical  comprises  a  preparation  for 
college.  The  English  gives  more  thorough  drill  in  English  branches  and 
allows  substitution  of  natural  science,  book-keeping,  English  and  American 
literature,  for  the  languages.     Among  those  who  have  done  good  work  for 

1  Ruel  J.  Everett,  son  of  David  R.  and  Harriet  E.  (Cobb)  Everett,  is  one  of  the  sons  of  Poland  who 
has  successfully  devoted  himself  to  teaching.  He  was  born  here  December  8,  1852  ;  his  father  being  a 
native  of  Norway.  Mr  Everett  was  fitted  for  his  educational  work  at  Hebron  Academy  and  Bates 
College,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1876,  and  for  nine  years  was  principal  of  the  Oxford  Normal  School 
at  South  Paris.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  a  member  of  Mt  Mica  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  In  1878 
he  married  Annie  L.,  daughter  of  James  and  Lucretia  Curtis,  of  South  Paris.  They  have  a  son,  Philip 
R.  Everett. 


Town  of  Poland.  •  753 


Poland  schools  are  F.  A.  Millett,^  E.  F.  Bradford,  M.D.,  J.  K.  Denning,  B.  M. 
Fernald,  F.  E.  Hanscom,  W.  W.  McCann,  F.  D.  Shackford,  and  C.  J.  Cheney. 

Civil  List.— Tom)?i  Clerks:'^  1824,  1825,  1826,  1827,  1828,  Josiah  Jordan;  1829,  1830,  Timothy  Water- 
house;  1831,  1832,  1833,  1834,  1835,  Amos  Cummings;  1836,  Daniel  Harring;  1837,  1838,  Sampson  Soule; 
1839,  David  Dunn;  1840,  1841,  1842,  1843,  1844,  Amos  Cummings;  1845,  1846,  1847,  Freeland  Marble; 
1848,  1849,  George  Bridgham,  Jr;  1850,  1851,  1852,  1853,  David  Dunn;  from  September,  1853,  to  March, 
1854,  Cyrus  Briggs;  1854,  Stephen  Gould;  1855.  1856,  1857,  David  Dunn;  1858, 1859,  1860,  1861,  Andrew 
J.  Weston;  1862,  1863,  1864,  Thomas  Hillman;  1865,  1866,  A.  C.  Denison;  1867,1868,  A.  T.  Denison; 
1869,  Charles  Lane;  1870,  1871,  1872,  1873,  1874,  1875,  Zenas  Lane,  Jr;  1876,  I.  W.  Hanson;  1877, 
1878,  1879,  1880,  Charles  Lane;  from  October,  1880,  1881,  1882,  1883,  1884,  1885,  1886,  1887,  1888,  1889, 
1890, 1891,  Zenas  Lane. 

Selectmen:  1824  —  John  Cousens,  James  Twitchell,  Wentworth  Ricker;  1825  —  Josiah  Jordan, 
Daniel  Waterman,  Jr,  William  Stevens;  1826  —  AVilliam  Stevens,  John  H.  Bartlett,  Jabez  True,  Jr; 
1827,  1828— John  H.  Bartlett,  David  Harris,  Nathaniel  Dunn;  1829  — John  H.  Bartlett,  Daniel  Water- 
man, Jr,  William  Dunn;  1830  —  Daniel  Waterman,  Jr,  Reuben  B.  Dunn,  Benjamin  Waterhouse;  1831  — 
Reuben  B.  Dunn,  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  Daniel  Herring;  1832,  1833  —  Benjamin  Waterhouse, 
Zenas  Lane,  Moses  Snell;  1834  —  Zenas  Lane,  Joseph  Freeman,  Jedediah  Pratt;  1835  —  Benja- 
min Waterhouse,  Daniel  Waterman,  Jr,  William  Maxwell,  Jr;  1836 — Daniel  Waterman,  Jr, 
William  Maxwell,  Jr,  Stephen  M.  Marble;  1837  — Stephen  M.  Marble,  Joseph  Freeman,  AVilliam 
Stanton;  1838  — Stephen  M.  Marble,  William  Stanton,  David  Dunn;  1839,  1840,  1841,  1842  — Benjamin 
Waterhouse,  Eliphalet  Davis,  Joseph  H.  Snell;  1843,  1844  —  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  John  Megquier, 
Samuel  Cousens;  1845  —  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  Joseph  H.  Snell,  Samuel  Cousens;  1846  —  Joseph  H. 
Snell,  Robert  Martin,  William  Dunn;  1847  — Joseph  H.  Snell,  Robert  Martin,  Samuel  Cousens; 
1848  —  Robert  Martin,  Samuel  Cousens,  Rufus  Haskell;  1849  — Robert  Martin,  Stephen  M.  Marble, 
Daniel  W.  True;  1850,  1851  — Daniel  W.  True,  William  Cousens,  James  S.  Gerry;  1852— Daniel  W. 
True,  George  Bridgham,  Jr,  Benjamin  AVaterhouse;  1853,  1854  —  George  Bridgham,  Jr,  Benjamin 
AVaterhouse,  AVhitney  Frank;  1855,  1856  —  Thomas  Lane,  James  H.  Fernald,  AA^illiam  A.  Tobie; 
1857  —  Thomas  Lane,  James  H.  Fernald,  Lewis  Perkins;  1858 — Benjamin  A\''aterhouse,  John  M.  Allen, 
E.  AV.  Fyler;  1859  — Thomas  Lane,  AVilliam  Cousens,  Luther  Perkins;  1860,  1861  — Thomas  Lane, 
Luther  Perkins,  AVilliam  A.  Tobie;  1862  —  Benjamin  AA^'aterhouse,  AVilliam  A.  Tobie,  A.  J.  Weston; 
1863  — Luther  D.  Cobb,  AVilliam  A.  Tobie,  A.  J.  AVeston;  1864  — Luther  D.  Cobb,  Isaiah  AVentworth, 
A.  J.  Weston;  1865  — John  R.  Pulsifer,  Thomas  Lane,  A.  J.  Weston;  1866 — Thomas  Lane,  A.  J. 
Weston,  James  S.  Gerry;  1867  — A.  J.  AVeston,  Joseph  McDonald,  AV.  AV.  AVaterman;  1868,1869  — 
A.  J.  AVeston,  J.  S.  Gerry,  J.  C.  Davis;  1870, 1871  — John  R.  Pulsifer,  Simon  Libby,  Peter  R.  Tileston; 

^Frank  A.  Millett  was  born  in  Hartford,  April  28,  1844.  He  was  the  son  of  Lemuel  T.  (born  in 
Peru)  and  Mary  A.  (Milliken)  Millett  (born  in  Scarborough).  His  grandfather,  William  Millett,  was  a 
resident  of  Auburn.  He  was  the  son  of  John,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  and  settled  in  (Bakerstown) 
Minot.  This  John  was  son  of  David,  who  settled  in  New  Gloucester.  David  was  the  son  of  John,  one 
of  the  proprietors  of  New  Gloucester,  and  died  in  North  Yarmouth,  about  1785,  and  John  was  the  son 
of  Thomas,  and  Thomas  was  the  oldest  son  of  Thomas,  the  Englisii  emigrant,  who  came  over  in  the 
ship  "  Elizabeth,"  of  London,  in  1635,  and  Thomas  was  the  son  of  Henry  Millett,  Gentleman,  Attorney 
at  Law,  of  Chertsey,  Surrey  county,  England.  Frank  A.  Millett  married  Lucy  A.  Faunce,  November 
29,  1866.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  for  many  years  been  recbgnized  as  a  prominent  factor 
in  the  councils  of  his  party.  In  1866  he  was  entrusted  with  the  management  of  the  State  campaign. 
He  has  been  identified  in  many  popular  movements  in  his  village  and  town;  conspicuous  among  which 
are  the  improvements  in  schools,  the  organization  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  received 
the  highest  honors  in  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  the  three  branches  of  the  I.O.  O.  F.  He  is  a  Knight  of  Pythias. 
He  attended  the  district  schools  of  Hartford,  Auburn,  and  Minot,  where  his  parents  resided.  He 
also  received  an  academical  education  at  Kent's  Hill  and  Hebron  Academy,  and  when  taking  a  college 
preparatory  course  at  the  last  named  place,  he  visited  Stoneham,  Mass.,  in  the  summer  of  1864,  and 
while  there  enlisted  in  Co.  I,  4th  Mass.  H.  A.,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  has  twice  held 
a  commisison  of  trial  justice,  resigning  that  office  when  he  became  postmaster  of  Mechanic  Falls, 
March  24,  1887,  which  office  he  held  until  April,  1891.     He  resides  on  the  Poland  side. 

2  No  record  is  attainable  giving  town  officers  before  1824. 


^ 


754  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

1872  — John  R.  Pulsifer,  Simon  Libby,  W.  W.  Waterman;  1873,  1874,  1875— A.  J.  Weston,  Luther  D. 
Cobb,  Jabez  T.  Waterman;  1876— A.  J.  Weston,  Luther  D.  Cobb,  Jesse  B.  Stanton;  1877  — Thomas 
Lane,  John  R.  Pulsifer,  V.  P.  Waterhouse;  1878  — Thomas  Lane.  V.  P.  Waterhouse,  Charles  L. 
Hackett;  1879  — V.  P.  Waterhouse,  Charles  L.  Hackett,  Orrin  S.  Keen;  1880,  1881  —V.  P.  Waterhouse, 
Orrin  S.  Keen,  A.  G.  Thurlow;  1882  — A.  J.Weston,  L.  D.  Cobb,  Leonard  C.  Herrick;  1883  — V.  P. 
Waterhouse,  L.  C.  Herrick,  James  H.  Stanton;  1884  — V.  P.  Waterhouse,  William  M.  Megquier,  S.  L. 
Littlefield;  1885  — L.  C.  Herrick,  A.  E.  True,  James  D.  Downing;  1886  — A.  E.  True,  O.  S.  Keen, 
James  I.  Chipman;  1887  —  V.  P.  Waterhouse,  James  I.  Chipman,  Charles  E.  Stevens;  1888  —  James 
I.  Chipman,  S.  I.  Jewett,  Francis  Storer;  1889  —  James  I.  Chipman,  S.  I.  Jewett,  John  G.  Davis; 
1890  — James  I.  Chipman,  J.  G.  Davis,  E.  W.  Jordan;  1891  — John  G.  Davis,  E.  W.  Jordan,  William 
Blair. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 

HON.  ADNA   CURTIS   DENISON. 


ACCORDING  to  Burke's  "Book  of  the  Landed  Gentry  of  Great  Britain," 
"The  Denison  family  is  unquestionably  ancient,  the  name  appearing  in 
the  Charter  of  King  Malcom  I,  who  died  in  1165.  The  English  Denisons 
are  said  to  have  sprung  from  a  cadet  of  this  ancient  house,  who  went  from 
Scotland  in  the  time  of  Charles  I,  who  fought  at  Marston  Moor."  The  family 
is  undoubtedly  of  Norman  origin;  members  of  this  family  fought  in  the 
Crusades,  and  were  entitled  to  bear  a  "coat  of  arms";  the  motto  of  the 
Denisons  is  Domus  Grata.  The  American  Denisons  are  descendants  of  William 
of  England,  who  came,  in  1631,  in  the  Ship  Lion,  with  his  wife  Margaret,  and 
sons,  Daniel,  Edward,  and  George,  and  John  Eliot,  afterwards  apostle  to  the 
Indians,  who  was  a  tutor  to  his  sons.  William  Denison  settled  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  was  deacon,  and  died  in  1653.  George  had  two  children  born  in 
Roxbury.  His  wife  died  in  1643,  and  he  returned  to  England,  served  under 
Cromwell,  was  wounded  at  Naseby,  and  nursed  at  the  house  of  John  Borodell, 
whose  daughter,  Ann,  he  married.  He  returned  to  Roxbury,  and  subsequently 
settled  at  Stonington,  Conn.,  where  he  was  almost  constantly  placed  in 
important  public  positions.  His  wife  was  always  called  "Lady  Ann."  They 
were  remarkable  for  magnificent  personal  appearance  and  force  of  mind  and 
character.  Capt.  George  Denison  was  distinguished  in  the  military  movements 
of  the  times,  and  also  active  in  civil  affairs.  He  has  been  described  as  "the 
Miles  Standish  of  the  settlement."  His  oldest  son,  Capt.  John  Denison,  held 
a  high  position  and  was  a  man  of  mark  in  Stonington.  He  married  Phebe 
Lay.  Of  their  children,  William,  the  fourth  son,  resided  in  North  Stonington, 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Avery.  Avery  Denison,  their  son,  was  born 
in  1712,  married  Thankful  Williams,  in  1734.  Elisha,  the  oldest  child  of  this 
marriage,  married  Keturah  Minor;  their  children  were  born  in  Stonington, 
but  they  eventually  removed  to  Ludlow,  Vt.     Isaac,  son  of  Elisha,  was  born  in 


^^ 


Town  of  Poland.  755 


1778.  The  descendants  of  Capt,  George  Denison  intermarried  with  the 
Palmer,  Cheseboro,  Stanton,  Williams,  Babcock,  Avery,  and  many  other 
prominent  families  in  Stonington  and  vicinity,  and  his  posterity  is  numerous 
and  honorable.  Isaac  Denison  married  Electra  E.  Newell,  of  Farmington, 
Conn.,  October  21,  1798.  He  was  a  pioneer  settler  of  the  town  of  Burke, 
Caledonia  count}^,  Vt,  going  there  when  a  young  man,  and  by  his  industrious 
labors  developing  a  fine  farm  and  a  pleasant  home  from  the  forest  wilderness. 
He  died  in  Norway,  January  9,  1867.  His  children  were  Nancy  C,  Almira, 
Lucius,  Maria,  Rev.  Nathan,  Rebecca  N.  (married  Alonzo  Bemis),  Minerva  C, 
Adna  C,  Oscar  A.,  Isaac  A.  (married  Laurestine  Bemis,  resides  at  Mechanic 
Falls),  and  Rosalie  S. 

Hon.  Adna  Curtis  Denison,  son  of  Isaac  and  Electra  E.  (Newell)  Denison, 
was  born  in  Burke,  Vt,  November  1.5,  1815.  He  had  common  school  and 
academic  education,  and  when  fifteen  years  old  became  a  clerk  in  the  store 
of  Morrill  &  Denison,  at  Sutton  (his  father  being  a  member  of  the  firm),  and 
remained  twelve  years,  manifesting  a  peculiar  aptitude  for  mercantile  life.  In 
1812,  at  the  solicitation  of  his  brother-in-law,  Titus  O.  Brown,  he  moved  to 
Norway,  Me,  opened  a  store  at  Steep  Falls  with  E.  W.  Fyler  and  Clark  W. 
True  as  A.  C.  Denison  &  Co.,  and  in  a  short  time  wrought  a  revolution  in  the 
mercantile  business  of  the  Androscoggin  Valley.  He  carried  on  trade  in  a 
different  manner  from  former  merchants,  bought  everything  a  farmer  had  for 
sale,  inaugurated  cash  payments,  transacted  a  vast  business  for  years,  and  had 
a  store  at  Auburn  from  1845  to  1848.  He  was  also  largely  engaged  in  supply- 
ing contractors  on  the  Atlantic  and  St  Lawrence  R.  R.,  at  the  head  of  firms  at 
South  Paris,  Bethel,  Gorhani,  and  Northumberland  and  North  Stratford,  N.  H. 
He  continued  in  this  business  until  1853.  In  connection  with  Dr  Asa  Danforth, 
Mr  Denison  built  one  of  the  first  paper  mills  in  the  state  at  Norway,  in  1848. 
He  also  had  saw-mills,  and  every  industry  felt  his  influence.  In  1851  Mr 
Denison  turned  his  attention  to  Mechanic  Falls,  bought  the  old  mill  owned  by 
Isaiah  Perkins  and  others,  and  built  the  paper  mill,  now  No.  1  of  the  Poland 
Paper  Company.  In  1855,  with  Sewall  Danforth,  he  erected  a  paper  mill  at 
Duck  Ponds,  which  he  later  purchased  and  removed  to  Meciianic  Falls.  From 
1856,  when  he  made  this  place  his  home,  he  was  the  leading  business  element. 
In  the  development  of  paper  manufacturing,  in  trade,  in  the  erection  of 
buildings,  in  the  encouragement  of  other  manufacturing,  Mr  Denison,  more 
than  all  others,  added  to  the  growth  and  importance  of  Mechanic  Falls,  and 
continued  the  manufacture  of  paper  until  four  mills  and  two  auxiliary  mills 
were  in  operation  on  the  three  dams  here,  with  a  daily  production  of  15  tons. 
About  1880  his  company  was  among  the  first  to  manufacture  chemical  wood- 
pulp  to  use  in  paper  making,  building  a  large  mill  at  Canton  for  this  purpose, 
having  a  daily  production  of  12  tons.  Mr  Denison's  son,  Adna  T.,  was 
associated  with  him  in  1862  and  thereafter  in  his  various  enterprises,  as  was 


756  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

also  his  son-in-law,  Calvin  M.  Cram,  for  several  years  prior  to  1883.  Mr 
Denison  was  also  prominent  in  the  stock  company  that  purchased  and  remodelled 
the  large  paper  mill  on  the  Farnsworth  privilege,  in  Lisbon,  which  was  burned 
shortly  after  its  completion. 

Mr  Denison  married,  September  13, 1838,  Hannah,  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Mary  (Kennedy)  True.  She  died  March  28,  1881.  Their  children  are  Adna 
True  and  Fannie  M.  Adna  T.  married  (1st)  Sarah  C.  R.  Welch ;  they  had 
one  child,  Frank  VV.;  (2d)  Sarah  W.  Gunnison.  They  have  three  children: 
Ansel  T.,  Adna  C,  Hannah  A.  Mr  A.  T.  Denison  resides  in  Portland.  Fannie 
31.  married  Calvin  Morse  Cram,  now  president  of  Fowler  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  New  York  City.  Their  childreu  are  Agnes  Denison  and  Fannie 
Warren.  Since  1872  Mr  Denison  has  owned  the  Cousens  farm,  said  to  be  the 
finest  on  the  old  stage  road  between  Norway  and  Portland,  and  in  1880  he 
made  his  home  here  with  his  nephew,  Adna  D.  Bemis,  who  conducts  the  farm. 
(Mr  Bemis  married  Ellen  M.  Young.) 

Mr  Denison  has  been  an  active  Universalist  in  religion,  and  a  Whig  and 
Republican  in  politics.  His  extensive  business  operations  prevented  him  from 
giving  much  time  to  public  positions,  but  he  has  served  with  credit  in  both 
houses  of  the  state  legislature.  He  has  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  an 
extensive  acquaintance  ;  while  his  courtesy  and  benignity,  beaming  from  a 
face  of  kindliness,  have  made  Lowell's  lines  as  true  of  him  as  they  were  of 
Agassiz,  that 

"Where'er  be  met  a  stranger, 
There  he  left  a  friend." 


Luther  Perkins,  son  of  Oliver  and  Sarah  (Elmes)  Perkins,  was  born  in 
Oxford,  May  9,  1817.  He  married,  in  1841,  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Captain 
Jonathan  Waite,  a  retired  sea-captain  of  Portland,  who  had  purchased  a  farm 
on  Johnson  hill.  Mr  Perkins  then  made  his  home  at  West  Poland,  and  at  once 
commenced  to  deal  in  cattle  and  real  estate,  in  which  he  has  extensively 
engaged  for  many  years.  In  May,  1888,  he  removed  to  Mechanic  Falls.  He 
has  been  much  in  public  life;  was  selectman  three  years;  representative  in 
1871  and  1872;  county  commissioner  in  1876,  1877,  and  1878,  and  has  been 
a  justice  of  the  peace  for  over  40  years.  He  has  been  prominent  in  society 
organizations  —  Masonic,  Odd  Fellow,  Pythian,  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  etc., 
and  is  a  public-spirited  and  generous  citizen.  He  has  two  children,  Alice 
(Mrs  I.  W.  Hanson),  and  Kittie  E.  (Mrs  J.  M.  Libby). 


Town  of  Minot.  757 


MINOT, 


CHAPTER   XLIV. 

Incorporation — Boundaries  —  Name  —  Physical  Features,  Soil,  Population  and  Valua- 
tion—  First  Settler  —  Captain  Daniel  Bucknam  and  Descendants  —  Early  and  Other 
Settlers  —  Incidents  of  Pioneer  Life  —  Voters  of  1800. 

MINOT  was  incorporated  as  the  129th  town  February  18,  1802,  and  was 
set  off  from  the  northern  part  of  Poland  with  these  bounds :  "  Begin- 
ning at  the  southeast  corner  of  the  town  of  Turner,  at  a  place  called 
the  Crooked  Ripples,  in  the  Great  Androscoggin  River;  thence  by  a  line 
drawn  on  the  middle  of  said  river  to  the  Great  Falls ;  thence  by  the  line  in  the 
act  which  incorporates  the  said  town  of  Poland,  until  it  strikes  the  Little 
Androscoggin  River;  thence  by  a  line  drawn  on  the  middle  of  said  river, 
until  it  strikes  the  Little  Androscoggin  River;  thence  by  a  line  drawn  on  the 
middle  of  said  river,  until  it  strikes  the  southerly  side-line  of  Hebron,  com- 
monly called  Davis's  line,  to  the  soutliwest  corner  of  Turner ;  and  thence  by 
the  line  of  said  Turner  to  the  bounds  first  begun  at."  It  is  said  that  the  name 
selected  by  the  petitioners  for  the  new  town  was  Rayraouth,  but  the  agent 
(Dr  Jesse  Rice)  caused  Minot  to  be  inserted  in  the  act  of  incorporation,  in 
honor  of  Judge  Minot,  a  member  of  the  General  Court,  who  rendered  effective 
assistance  in  the  passage  of  the  bill  incorporating  the  town.  Nathaniel  C. 
Allen,  Esq.,  was  empowered  to  issue  a  warrant  to  some  suitable  citizen 
requiring  him  to  call  the  first  town  meeting,  and  the  act  of  incorporation 
specifies  that  all  future  taxes  are  to  be  levied  on  the  two  towns  until  a  new 
valuation  shall  be  assessed,  in  the  proportion  of  one-third  to  Poland  and  two- 
thirds  to  Minot.  February  24,  1842,  that  portion  of  Minot  east  of  the  ''curve 
line"  was  set  off  and  incorporated  as  Auburn.  The  Mhiot  line  was  "to  com- 
mence four  miles  from  the  Androscoggin  river  and  run  parallel  with  that  until 
it  struck  tlie  Little  Androscoggin  river." 

Phydcal  Features,  Soil,  Pojjulation,  and  Valuation.  —  Minot  has  no  high 
elevations,  but  the  surface  presents  an  attractive  series  of  undulations,  making 
a  variety  of  hill  and  dale,  while  along  the  many  bends  of  the  Little  Andros- 
coggin bits  of  scenery  come  out  that  would  please  and  gratify  an  artist.  From 
the  higher  hills  views  of  more  than  ordinary  beauty  are  presented.  The  soil 
in  most  parts  is  a  strong,  rich  loam,  with  proper  care  giving  good  returns  to 
the  agriculturists.  It  has  many  good  water-powers  that  have  been  largely 
improved  and  brought  capital  and  developed  a  large  manufacturing  centre  at 


758  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Mechanic  Falls,  where  Minot  shares  with  Poland  in  the  increased  advantages 
brought  by  manufacturing  operations.  Notwithstanding  this,  however,  the 
increase  of  population  has  not  made  good  the  losses.  In  1850  Minot  had  1,734 
population;  in  1860,  1,799;  in  1870,  1,569;  in  1880,  1,763;  in  1890,  1,355. 
The  valuation  has  largely  increased,  from  1297,184  in  1850  to  $752,146  in  1890. 

Early  Settlers.  —  Moses  Emery,  the  first  settler  of  Minot,  moved  to  the 
north  side  of  the  river  at  Minot  Corner  in  1772  and  was  the  chief  adviser  and 
aid  of  the  later  settlers,  and  it  is  quite  evident  that  had  not  his  home  afforded 
them  a  temporary  stopping-place,  and  his  ferry  the  means  of  crossing  the  Little 
Androscoggin,  the  settlement  of  Minot  would  have  been  much  retarded. 

Captam  Daniel  Buchiam  and  Descendants}  —  In  May,  1778,  Capt.  Daniel 
Bucknam,  Jr,  with  wife  and  eight  children,  moved  from  Sutton,  Mass.,  and 
made  a  temporary  abode  with  Moses  Emery.  Taking  his  two  daughters, 
Phebe  and  Ruth,  aged  22  and  18,  they  traveled  five  miles  north  into  an 
unbroken  wilderness,  locating  upon  the  interval  made  at  the  junction  of  Bog 
and  Matthews  brooks,  at  Hawkes  pond,  where  he  had  purchased  a  square  mile 
of  land.  Here,  against  a  large,  square  rock,  near  a  little  brc^ok,  by  the  road 
from  Mechanic  Falls  to  West  Minot,  on  the  Hawkes  farm, 'they  erected  a 
covering  of  trees,  beneatli  which  they  camped  two  weeks,  while  they  built  a 
log  house  between  the  two  brooks  on  the  extreme  southerly  end  of  the  high 
interval.  He  then  moved  the  remainder  of  his  family.  The  youngest  were 
Shephard  and  Calvin,  twins,  six  weeks  old.  His  two  stalwart  girls  built  the 
first  bridge  across  Bog  brook,  and  helped  him  fell  the  trees,  and  clear  the 
lands,  and  raise  grain  enough  to  meet  the  bare  necessities  of  life.  The  next 
spring,  exceedingly  high  water,  surrounding  his  building,  compelled  him  to 
build  a  house  on  higher  ground,  near  the  junction  of  the  Oxford,  Hebron,  and 
Minot  roads,  where  he  subsequently  built  good,  substantial  farm  buildings. 

He  was  the  second  inhabitant  of  Minot,  and  was  56  years  old  when  he 
came.  His  nearest  neighbor  was  Moses  Emery,  five  miles  away,  through  a 
dense  forest,  not  even  a  path  between  them.  The  only  living  beings  about  his 
home  were  Indians,  bears,  and  wolves.  The  corn  and  grain  that  he  raised  had 
to  be  pounded  in  a  mortar,  or  be  carried  on  his  back  15  miles  to  New 
Gloucester  to  mill.  At  one  time,  not  returning  at  the  usual  time,  nor  even 
late  in  the  night,  Phebe  and  Ruth  took  his  trail  through  the  woods  in  search 
of  him.  When  they  arrived  near  Pottle  hill,  they  found  him  fallen  down,  with 
the  bag  of  meal  lying  across  his  neck,  unable  from  exhaustion  to  extricate 
himself.  He  must  have  died  where  he  had  fallen  had  not  his  brave  and  faithful 
daughters  rendered  him  timely  aid.  (It  was  years  after  this  when  Gen.  John 
Bridgham  built  the  first  grist-mill  at  West  Minot.)  Continental  money 
becoming  worthless,  he  was  unable  to  pay  for  all  his  land,  but  retained  four 

iBy  J.  A.  Bucknam. 


Town  of  Minot.  759 


farms,  known  as  the  Shephard  and  Calvin  Bucknam,  and  Hawkes  and  Bearce 
farms,  which  a  change  of  town  lines  places  in  two  towns,  Miiiot  and  Hebron. 
During  the  Revolutionary  War,  Daniel  Bucknam  (being  too  old  to  enter  the 
regular  army)  was  chosen  captain  of  a  company  of  minute-men.  He  was  a 
very  large  and  muscuhir  man,  brave  and  loyal  to  his  country,  a  great  lover  of 
jokes,  and  teller  of  stories.  It  was  customary  in  those  early  times,  about  once 
a  year,  to  "tackle  up  the  horse  and  go  to  the  west'ard"  (Massachusetts),  and 
pay  a  visit  to  their  old  neighbors  and  report  what  had  transpired  in  the 
"District  of  Maine,"  and  on  their  journey.  At  noon  of  the  first  da}'  of  his 
trip,  he  called  at  a  country  tavern  (it  might  have  been  at  Rickers)  to  bait  his 
horse  and  eat  his  lunch.  On  entering  the  large  bar-room,  the  big  wood  fire 
was  entirely  surrounded  and  every  chair  filled.  No  one  moved  to  give  him  a 
place.  He  was  terribly  cold,  so  he  said,  "  Gentlemen,  I  have  in  the  shed  a 
very  wonderful  horse.  His  head  is  where  his  tail  ought  to  be,  and  his  tail  is 
where  his  head  ought  to  be."  All  left  their  seats  and  rushed  to  the  shed  and 
found  the  horse  turned  exactly  around  in  the  shafts,  contentedly  eating  his 
provender  from  the  front  end  of  the  cart.  They  immediately  saw  the  joke  and 
returned  and  found  the  joker  comfortably  seated  before  the  fire.  They  were 
so  well. pleased  that  they  passed  the  grog  freely. 

Captain  Bucknam  was  a  famous  farrier  and  horse  breaker,  and  a  great 
lover  of  horses.  When  on  his  death-bed  he  requested  that  liis  favorite  horse 
be  led  before  the  door  that  he  might  bid  him  farewell.  He  married,  first, 
Miss  Gould,  by  whom  he  had  16  children ;  all  died  in  youth  except  Phebe  and 
Ruth.  He  m.,  second,  a  Miss  Boydeu;  he  had  three  sons  and  three 
daughters.  His  oldest  son,  Daniel,  18  years  old,  was  killed  while  felling  a  tree, 
leaving  him  dependent  for  help  on  his  two  oldest  girls  who  could  wield  an  ax 
equal  to  the  best  of  men.  They  were  gigantic  in  size,  and  it  was  said  that 
Phebe  could  lift  a  barrel  of  cider  into  a  cart,  and  raise  it  up  on  her  knees  and 
drink  from  the  bung-hole.  Phebe  m.  a  Johnson,  and  was  given  a  farm  in 
Hebron  for  being  the  first  white  woman  to  live  in  the  town.  She  m.,  second, 
a  Tucker,  of  Dixfield,  and  third,  a  Seavey.  Her  children  were  enormously 
large  and  bony  men  and  women.  Her  descendants  are  numerous  in  Dixfield, 
and  are  among  its  most  respectable  citizens.  Ruth  m.  Mr  Hawkes  and  settled 
on  the  original  square  mile  in  Minot.  They  had  11  children  attaining 
maturity.  They  were  very  large  and  strong,  and  all,  save  one,  raised  large 
families.  Shephard.,  the  oldest  twin,  about  1800,  m.  Betsey  Randall;  they  had 
eight  children;  all  except  one  lived  to  old  age.  About  the  same  time,  Calvin, 
the  other  twin,  m.  Judith  Bearce,  by  whom  he  had  a  daughter.  He  m.,  second, 
Zilpha,  the  oldest  daughter  of  Deacon  William  Barrows,  of  Hebron,  who  was 
the  founder  of  Hebron  Academy,  and  one  of  the  main  pillars  of  the  Calvinist 
Baptist  Church.  He  spent  his  life  fostering  these  institutions,  and  died  at  a 
ripe  old  age  of  83,  poor  in  purse,  but  rich  in  character.     This  is  true  riches  — 


760  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

he  could  take  it  with  hiin ;  the  other  is  always  left  for  children  to  quarrel  over. 
Calvin  Bucknam  had,  by  his  second  wife,  Zilpha  Barrows,  Calvin,  Sarah,  Hope, 
Eleanor,  Joseph,  Worthy,  Zilpha,  William  B.,  Rebecca,  Josiah  A.  [See  sketch.] 
Calvin  m.  Laurinda  Twitchell;  they  had  one  son  and  two  daughters.  Sarah 
m.  Deacon  Joseph  Barrows,  of  Hebron ;  tliey  have  one  daughter  living,  Mrs 
S.  C.  Howe.  Ho})e  m.  Lorenzo  Merrill;  they  had  five  boys  and  four  girls; 
four  of  the  boys  helped  put  down  the  Rebellion;  one  gave  his  life;  all  but 
two  are  now  living.  Eleanor  m.  Lewis  Monk.  Joseph  m.  Eunice  Harris;  they 
had  two  boys  and  four  girls;  all  but  one  now  living.  Worth i/  m.  Lucy  Howard. 
Zilpha  m.  Ezra  Mitchell.  William  B.  died,  unmarried,  in  Missouri.  Rebecca 
m.  C.  C.  Cushman ;  they  had  nine  children;  four  are  living.  Calvin's  third 
wife  was  Mrs  Olive  Hathaway,  b}'^  whom  he  had  one  son,  Hamlin,  and  one 
daughter,  Olive  Elizabeth,  who  married,  first.  Col  Alexander  Ryerson,  of 
Sumner;  second,  Leavitt  Hanson.  The  son  was  the  first  volunteer  from 
Mechanic  Falls  in  the  Civil  War.  He  returned  a  captain,  but  maimed  for 
life.  He  married  Rachel  Brown  and  has  two  children.  Nearly  three  per 
cent,  of  the  present  citizens  of  Mechanic  Falls  on  the  Minot  side  are  descend- 
ants of  Calvin  Bucknam,  Sr.  He  had  83  descendants;  56  are  now  living, 
and  mainly  in  the  vicinity  of  Mechanic  Falls.  Capt.  Daniel  Bucknam 's 
younger  daughters,  Rebecca,  m.  Mr  Dudley  and  had  three  children;  Judith, 
m.  Levi  Beard ;  they  had  three  children.  Daniel  Bucknam  had  22  children, 
56  grandchildren,  and  the  probable  number  of  his  progeny  now  living  is  more 
than  500.  All  of  his  family  that  he  brought  to  Maine,  and  his  grandchildren, 
with  very  few  exceptions,  lived  to  a  good  old  age.  He  died  in  1809,  aged  87 
years.  His  wife  died  10  years  after  at  about  the  same  age.  At  one  time  they 
had  40  grandchildren  living  on  the  original  mile  square,  the  children  of  Ruth, 
Lucy,  Shephard,  and  Calvin.  The  farms  owned  by  Shephard  and  Calvin  are 
now  owned  by  their  descendants. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Bucknams,  settled  the  Dwinal,  Crooker, 
Pottle,  Currier,  Woodman,  Bridgham,  Mood}^,  Atkinson,  Lowell,  Atwood, 
Harris,  Chase,  Hawkes,  Bearce,  and  other  families.  Nearly  all  had  numerous 
children,  and  have  many  descendants  now  in  the  town,  among  the  most 
reliable  and  enterprising  citizens. 

Early  Settlers.  —  Samuel  Shaw  made  a  clearing  about  two  miles  above 
Emery's  settlement,  in  1776  or  1777,  built  a  log  house,  to  which  he  brought  his 
wife,  in  1778,  from  Hampton,  N.  H.  He  died,  June  4,  1827,  aged  78.  His 
brother  Levi  soon  settled  on  an  adjoining  lot,  and  in  quick  succession  many 
others  located.  According  to  S.  W.  Shaw,  Henry  Sawtelle  settled  on  the 
Jackson  place,  Israel  Bray,  Jr,  on  the  Emery  place,  Israel  Bray  on  the  Little- 
field  place,  John  Herrick  on  the  Quimby  place,  and  Edward  Jumper  on  the 
Rice  place.  In  1777  John  Hodge  located  on  the  J.  W.  Hodge  place.  Job 
Tucker  on  the  Nathan  Downing  place,  Solomon  Walcott  on  the  Wm  Hackett 


Town  of  Minot.  761 


place,  Edmund  Bailey'  on  the  A.  M.  Pulsifer  place,  James  Toole  on  the  G.  P. 
and  W.  B.  Merrill  place,  Stephen  Yeaton  on  the  place  where  C.  D.  Jasper 
lives,  Stephen  Yeaton,  Jr,  on  the  place  now  occupied  by  George  H.  Butler. 
Bradbury  hill  was  settled  this  year  by  Moses  and  Benjamin  Bi-adbury,  Amos 
Harris,  and  David  Dinsmore,  each  felling  an  acre  of  trees  on  four  adjoining 
lots  at  Ross's  Corner.  In  1778  John  Leach  settled  on  the  S.  G.  Pulsifer  place, 
and  Edward  Hawkes  near  Hebron  line.  In  1780  John  Coy,  John  and  David 
Millett,  who  had  made  clearings  and  built  houses  in  1779,  on  Bradbury  hill, 
brought  their  families  for  a  permanent  settlement.  Coy  settled  on  the  Wells 
place,  David  Millett  across  the  road,  and  John  Millett  where  John  M.  Harris 
now  resides.  Benjamin  Clifford  on  the  Poole  place.  John  Kowe  and  Zebulon 
Harlow  on  places  adjoining.  Mr  Shaw  says  that  nearly  all  these  settlers  had 
large  families,  making  a  much  more  densely  populated  neighborhood  at  its 
first  settlement  than  in  later  years.  All  were  originally  from  Gloucester,  Mass., 
but  later  from  New  Gloucester.  In  1780  also  was  made  the  first  settlement  on 
Woodman  hill  by  John  Allen  from  Gloucester,  and  Ichabod  King  from  Kings- 
ton, Mass.  With  the  close  of  the  Revolution  came  hither  many  officers  and 
soldiers,  and  settlements  were  made  much  more  rapidly,  and  in  various  parts  of 
the  town.  In  1781  Captain  John  Bridgham  and  his  sons.  Ensign  John,  Joseph, 
and  Willard,  came  from  Carver,  Mass.,  and  located  at  West  Minot.  Ensign, 
later  Captain,  John  settled  where  L.  B.  Atwood  lives,  Joseph  on  the  Joseph 
Crooker  place,  and  William  where  the  brick  house  stands  on  the  William 
Lowell  place,  his  father  making  his  home  with  him.  In  1782  Pottle  hill  was 
settled  by  Joseph,  Noah,  John,  and  Robert  Waterman,  from  Halifax,  Mass. 
Noah'^  located  on  the  Abner  Chase  lot,  Joseph  across  the  road,  John  near  by, 
and  Robert,  the  place  now  owned  by  M.  M.  Pottle.  Aaron,  Amos,  and  Jacob 
Dwinal  came  the  same  year,  Aaron  locating  where  G.  W.  Currier  lives,  Amos 
where  S.  R.  Pottle  passed  his  life,  Jacob  on  the  place  where  John  Ridley  lives. 
Isaac  Currier,  Abner  Chase,  Moses  and  William  Pottle  came  in  1782  or  1783, 

^Edmund  Bailey  was  a  sea-captain,  who  came  from  Cape  Anu.  His  sou,  Samuel,  aud  Jane 
(Landers)  Bailey  were  both  natives  of  Minot,  and  their  son,  Edmund  L.  Bailey,  was  born  in  that  town 
in  1827,  aud  was  brought  up  on  the  farm,  and  has  been  in  business  as  a  butcher  and  cattle  broker  for 
many  years.  He  is  a  Universalist  in  his  religious  preferences,  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  was  one 
of  the  selectmen,  assessors,  and  overseers  of  the  poor  of  Minot  in  1867-68-69,  1871-72-73-74-75-76, 
1884-85-86,  and  1888;  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  for  30  years,  and  is  one  of  Minot's 
prominent  and  respected  citizens. 

-He  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier  aud  married  Mary  Ellis.  He  removed  to  East  Hebron;  in  1810 
came  to  the  northeast  corner  of  the  town,  and  with  his  sons,  Jonah,  Lodowick,  Noah,  and  Ellis, 
bought  lands  of  Wm  Francis  and  Wm  Allen.  The  place  is  still  called  the  Waterman  neighborhood. 
Jonah  m.  Pamela  Record;  Alvan,  of  East  Auburn,  is  their  son.  Lodowick,  who  bought  of  Allen,  died 
in  18(iO,  aged  71.  He  m.  (1)  Prudence  Dillingham  (daughter.  Prudence,  m.  Simeon  Fitz,  and  the  last 
makers,  Ira  W.  and  Amos,  of  Auburn,  are  their  sons);  (2)  Mary  Shaw,  of  Plymouth  Mass.  (Ira  T_ 
Waterman,  their  son,  inherited  the  home  place,  m.  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Noah  and  granddaughter  of 
Alpheus  Drake.  Children:  Charles  E.,  Herbert  B.,  Elbert  D.,  AVillard  H.,  George  W.);  (3)  Polly 
Larrabee. 


762  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

the  two  latter  settling  where  is  now  the  poor-farm.  Elias  Davis  and  William 
Harris  settled  the  Patch  place,  from  which  they  were  ejected,  in  1789,  by  the 
Bakerstown  proprietors.  In  1784  came  Joseph  Leach  to  the  J.  E.  Washburn 
place,  and  William,  Davis,  Samuel  Verrill,  and  Samuel  Verrill,  Jr,  all  settling 
not  far  distant.  Hither  also,  in  1785,  Dr  Jesse  Rice,  the  first  physician,  came, 
an  educated  and  useful  citizen.  In  1785  came  True  Woodman  to  Woodman 
hill,  whither  soon  followed  him,  from  New  Gloucester,  Isaiah  and  John  Wood- 
man. This  has  been  one  of  the  strong  families  of  the  town,  many  of  the  later 
generations  holding  prominent  positions  in  society.  Seth  Sampson,  Eliab 
Washburn,  and  others  from  Bridgewater  came  later.  The  early  settlers  in  the 
Hersey  hill  section  were  Samuel  and  Chandler  Freeman,  who  came  from 
Duxbury  in  1783.  They  built  a  log  house  on  what  is  still  called  the  Freeman 
place,  and  were  joined,  in  1784,  by  their  father,  Joseph  Freeman.  Jonathan 
and  Peabody  Bradford  came,  in  1783,  with  the  Freemans,  Peabody  locating 
on  tlie  H.  C.  Briggs  place,  and  Jonathan  on  the  W.  F.  Perry  place,  where,  it 
is  said,  he  built  the  second  framed  house  in  Bakerstown.  The  young  settlement 
was  soon  increased  by  Jonathan  Chandler,  his  sons,  Nathaniel,  John,  Reuben, 
Ichabod,  Avira;  Enoch  Freeman,  Samuel  Paul,  Major  Nathaniel  Nash,  Thomas 
Gurney,  Zebulon  Davis,  James,  Noah,  and  Amos  Hersey,  and  others,  making 
a  strong  and  compact  settlement.  Most  of  those  last  mentioned  were  from 
Abington,  Mass.  The  settlement  by  1790  was  so  well  advanced  that  the 
various  neighborhoods  were  no  longer  isolated  and  separated  from  each  other, 
but  were  connected  by  roads  and  communication  was  easy.  The  fertile  soil  of 
the  new  land  3aelded  abundantly,  vacant  lots  were  rapidly  taken  up,  schools 
and  religious  meetings  were  established,  log  houses  were  being  exchanged  for 
commodious  frame  houses,  in  some  cases  by  brick  ones,  and  wealth  and  pros- 
perity were  following  the  poverty  and  hardships  of  pioneer  life.  The  county 
roads,  opened  between  1785  and  1790,  one  from  Buckfield  to  Portland  over 
Hersey  and  Centre  hills,  and  another  from  Paris  to  Portland  over  Pottle  hill, 
brought  good  communication  for  all  parts  of  the  town  with  the  sea-coast,  and 
by  the  opening  of  the  nineteenth  century  all  the  requisites  of  a  fully-developed 
civilization  were  in  existence,  and  the  wild  animals  and  aboriginal  inhabitants 
had  given  place  to  herds  of  cattle  and  sheep,  and  decorous,  industrious  Christian 
people. 

Smmiel  Verrill.,  of  Welsh  ancestry,  came  from  Cape  Ann  to  New  Glouces- 
ter ^bout  1760,  and  later  to  Bakerstown,  locating  near  Centre  Minot.  He  was 
an  eccentric  man  in  many  ways ;  one  was  in  being  strictly  free  from  debt. 
His  favorite  and  oft-repeated  motto  was,  "Owe  no  man  anything,  but  love  one 
another."  He  died  in  1821,  aged  90.  He  had  four  sons,  Samuel,  Davis, 
William,  Daniel,  and  six  daughters.  Samu<d'^  m.  a  Prince,  according  to  tradi- 
tion was  town  clerk  27  years,  and  on  his  final  settlement  with  the  town  could 
give  no  explanation  of  an  apparent  deficit  of  three  cents.     He  had  11  children 


Town  of  Minot.  763 


and  has  descendants  in  Minot.  Davis  settled  where  Dr  Saunders  now  lives. 
He  had  SamueP  (lived  on  west  side  of  Taylor  Pond),  Ezekiel,  Davis,  Eunice, 
Lucretia,  Emma,  and  Elizabeth.  Williatn  lived  in  Hardscrabble.  Among  his 
children  were  William,  Stephen  (m.  Louisa  Haskell.  Dexter  W.  and  Jabez 
are  their  children),  Ebenezer,  Hiram,  Reuben,  Davis,  Levi,  all  of  whom  have 
descendants  in  Auburn  and  Minot.  Samuel''  has  children  now  living,  Charles, 
Alden  J.,  Lucretia  (Mrs  Charles  Terrill). 

John  Milleff,  fourth  in  descent  from  the  emigrant,  the  line  being  Thomas,^ 
Thomas,^  John,''  married  Mary  Woodhouse,  and  resided  in  Gloucester,  Mass. 
He  was  born  in  1730,  and  was  a  ship-master,  and  was  accidentally  killed  on 
board  his  ship  at  the  West  Indies.  His  family  moved  to  Minot,  where  many 
of  the  children  married.  Molly  m.  John  Coy;  Eunice  m.  Deacon  Moses 
Bradbury;  Susannah  m.  first  Adam  Royal,  second,  Peter  Buck,  of  Norway; 
Elizabeth  m.  Deacon  Chandler  Freeman  ;  John  m.  Martha  Sawj'er,  of  Crorliam  ; 
Solomon  m.  Elizabeth  Dinsmore ;  Nathaniel  m.  first  Susannah  Parsons,  second, 
Martha  Merrill. 

Hon.  William  Lowell  was  born  in  Buckfield,  October  30,  1803,  and  died  in 
Auburn,  September,  1889.  His  parents  settled  in  West  Minot  in  1804.  His 
older  brother,  James,  was  a  prominent  early  merchant  of  Lewiston.  His 
brother,  Stephen,  was  a  leading  citizen  of  Sangerfield.  All  three  were  active 
Whigs  and  later  Republicans,  and  served  in  the  state  senate  in  1853-4. 
Children  of  William  were:  S.  A.  Lowell  (see  Bench  and  Bar)  ;  W.  G.  Lowell, 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Atwood  &  Lowell,  in  Auburn ;  a  daughter,  Mrs 
Perkins,  resides  in  Minot. 

The  Cary  family  of  this  county  descend  from  John  Cary,  who  came  from 
Somersetshire,  England,  to  Duxbury  as  early  as  1(339.  Ephraim  Cary,  born  at 
Bridgewater,  married  Anna  Hill  in  1809,  and  soon  after  came  to  Minot  with 
his  father,  Ephraim,  who  died  in  1828,  aged  80. 

Captaivi  William  Ladd  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  and  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  College  with  distinction  in  1791.  He  was  a  merchant,  commanded 
his  own  ship,  carried  on  trade  with  Russia,  and  accumulated  wealth.  In  June, 
1814,  at  the  age  of  36,  he  removed  to  Minot  Corner,  and  became  a  farmer. 
He  delivered  addresses,  lectures  in  behalf  of  the  Peace  Society,  and  published 
essays  and  numerous  books  for  children  to  counteract  the  military  spirit. 
Though  the  advocac}^  of  the  doctrines  of  peace  was  his  life-work,  yet  his 
money  and  his  voice  were  always  ready  to  promote  the  good  of  the  community 
in  which  he  lived.  He  died  in  Minot  in  1841,  aged  63,  universally  lamented 
and  respected.  William  Willis  says  of  him,  "He  possessed  an  ardent  and 
sanguine  temperament,  indomitable  courage  and  perseverance,  while  his  spirit 
was  so  calm  and  self-poised  that  no  sneer,  or  sarcasm,  or  bitter  reproach  could 
ruffle  it,  no  opposition  disturb  or  divert  him  from  the  course  of  duty  and 
philanthropy  he  had  prescribed  himself." 


764  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Eliab  Washburn,'  son  of  Capt.  Joseph  Washburn,  was  born  in  Bridge  water, 
Mass.,  April  15,  1740.  He  married,  in  1762,  Anna,  daughter  of  Elijah  Edson. 
In  1789  they  came  to  Minot,  where  they  bought  100  acres  of  one  Rowe,  the 
place  where  Joshua  Sawyer  now  lives.  Of  their  ten  children  Joseph  (born 
December  3,  1769,  died  March  30,  1858),  Anna  (born  1774,  m.  Wm  Childs), 
Olive  (born  1777,  m.  John  Coy),  Marshall  (born  1780),  and  Ruth  (born  1782), 
were  some  time  residents  of  Minot.  About  1814  Mr  Washburn  and  wife 
became  members  of  the  family  of  their  daughter,  Ruth  (Mrs  James  Murdock), 
on  Brighton  hill,  Hebron,  where  he  died  May  27,  1818,  and  his  wife  November 
2,  1821.  Mrs  Washburn  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  First  Church 
of  Bakerstown,  and  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Second  Congregational 
Church  of  Minot.  Mr  Washburn  was  a  soldier  in  Capt.  James  Allen's 
company  in  Col  John  Bailey's  regiment  in  the  Revolution. 

Joseph,  son  of  Eliab  Washburn,  was  the  fourth  child  in  a  family  of  ten. 
The  two  oldest  died  young,  and  as  the  father  was  in  the  Revolutionary  army 
and  received  no  pay  (like  so  many  soldiers  at  that  time)  Joseph  was  early 
taught  the  value  of  labor.  He  went  to  school  but  three  weeks  after  he  was 
old  enough  to  study  arithmetic,  but  acquired  its  knowledge  by  his  own 
reasoning  and  calculating  powers.  He  was  apprenticed  to  a  carpenter  in  Bridge- 
water  and  did  not  come  to  Minot  until  1790.  He  remained  over  a  year,  then 
worked  at  his  trade  in  New  York  and  Georgia.  He  was  married  in  Stamford, 
now  Darien,  Conn.,  to  Polly  Waring,  in  1796.  (She  died  November  10,  1862.) 
A  year  later  they  came  to  permanently  reside  in  Minot.  Joseph  found  his 
father  in  trouble.  Like  many  other  early  settlers,  he  must  pay  |6  per  acre  for 
the  farm  which  he  had  supposed  he  already  owned,  or  lose  it.  Joseph  helped 
his  father  pay  for  the  land,  and  influenced  Mr  Little  to  procure  for  him  a  deed 
of  another  100  acres  in  consideration  of  having  paid  for  an  improved  farm. 
This  land  extended  over  Goff  Hill,  Perry ville,  Fossville,  etc.,  in  Auburn. 
July,  1802,  Joseph  received  of  Josiah  Little  a  deed  of  a  lot  where  Joseph 
Leach  had  made  improvements,  and  adjoined  his  father's  farm.  He  paid  Mr 
Leach  for  his  improvements,  and  lived  in  the  Leach  house  until  November, 
1807,  when  his  new  house,  now  standing,  was  occupied.  A  few  years  later  he 
came  into  possession  of  the  100-acre  lot  in  Auburn,  wliich  he  sold  about  1818 
for  (|6  per  acre.  He  received  pay  in  money  for  70  acres,  and  for  the  rest  was 
paid  only  12  chairs,  a  bureau,  and  a  table,  which  served  as  a  part  of  the 
wedding  outfit  of  one  of  his  daughters.  Joseph  Washburn  and  his  brother, 
Marshall,  married  sisters  and  lived  on  adjoining  farms,  Marshall  on  the  S.  J. 
M.  Perkins  place,  and  as  they  were  both  housewrights  they  used  often  to  work 
together.  They  built  the  Edward  Little  house  in  Auburn,  the  John  Harris 
and  S.  J.  M.  Perkins  houses  in  Minot,  and  others  in  various  localities.     Joseph 

1  We  are  indebted  to  Miss  Lizzie  E.  Washburn  for  these  interesting  incidents  and  family  history. 


Town  of  Minot.  765 


often  walked  12  miles  with  his  tools  on  his  back,  and  then  did  his  day's  work. 
He  made  the  greater  part  of  the  pumps  used  in  town,  and  many  in  the  towns 
around.  He  made  every  wheel  and  the  wooden  parts  of  nearly  every  farming 
tool  used  on  the  place,  and  many  for  the  next  generation,  and  when  a  marriage 
was  to  take  place  "Uncle  Joe"  was  the  one  most  often  called  upon  to  make 
the  bride's  furniture.  He  was  a  Congregationalist,  a  stanch  Whig,  and  a 
pensioner  of  the  War  of  1812.  He  was  a  man  of  good  principles,  great 
industry,  and  considerable  sternness,  but  could  appreciate  a  joke  and  always 
had  a  good  story  to  fit  the  case  in  hand.  He  had  his  own  style  of  argument, 
illustrated  by  this  incident.  A  neighbor  had  brought  a  sleigh  to  his  brother, 
Marshall,  to  be  repaired.  When  he  came  to  take  it  home  he  cried  in  dismay, 
"You've  sp'ilt  my  sleigh!  You've  cut  off  the  hind  studs  so  they're  no  higher 
than  the  forrard  ones!"  "Well,  they  ought  not  to  be  higher,"  said  Marshall. 
"  Yis,  they  had  ;  it  makes  a  sleigh  go  a  good  deal  easier  to  have  the  hind  studs 
the  longest."  They  were  in  the  midst  of  the  argument  when  Joseph  came  in. 
"I'll  leave  it  to  Joe  if  'tain't  so!"  cried  the  neighbor.  "Yes,"  said  Uncle  Joe, 
with  his  moderate  emphasis,  "you  make  the  hind  studs  half  as  high  again  as 
the  forward  ones  and  the  sleigh  will  go  as  easy  again,  and  if  they  are  as  high 
again  the  sleigh  will  go  itself."  "I  swear  't  don't  make  ner  diff'rence!" 
exclaimed  the  neighbor,  and  went  home  satisfied. 

James  Edward  Washburn  (son  of  Joseph)  lives  at  Minot  Centre,  in  the 
house  in  which  he  was  born  October  10, 1810,  and  on  the  farm  formerly  owned 
by  his  father.^  At  the  age  of  1(3  he  went  to  Massachusetts  to  learn  the 
carpenter's  trade  of  his  brother  Charles.  He  remained  eight  years,  and  came 
once  with  his  brother  and  others  of  the  family  on  a  visit  to  Minot.  They  rode 
in  a  covered  carriage,  but  snow  coming  before  they  started  back,  the  brothers 
went  to  the  woods,  and,  finding  a  young  birch  with  the  right  curve  at  the  root 
to  fit  their  wheels,  they  split  out  some  runners,  had  them  shod,  and  fastened 
them  under  their  carriage  wheels.  This  arrangement  worked  well  with  one 
exception,  —  other  travelers  on  catching  sight  of  it  would  forget  to  turn  out. 
In  December,  1834,  he  came  home  and  remained,  taking  care  of  his  parents 
until  their  death,  and  giving  his  attention  to  farming.  Once  on  a  part  of  the 
farm  which  had  not  before  been  cultivated  he  raised  75  bushels  of  the  finest 
rye  from  If  bushels.  One  kernel  fell  among  the  corn  near  by  and  produced  90 
heads.  In  politics  Mr  Washburn  has  been  Whig  and  Republican.  He  is  a 
Congregationalist,  and  has  been  deacon  since  1854.  May  12,  1838,  he  married 
Martha  Howard,  daughter  of  Deacon  Charles  Briggs,  of  Auburn.  They  had 
five  daughters  and  one  son :  Mar}^  Martha,  Nancy  Maria,  Elizabeth  Edwards, 
Adelia  Lockwood,  and  John  Marshall.  The  latter  died  at  the  age  of  seven 
years.     Mary  married  Edgar  H.  Deering,  of  Portland,  May  10,  1882.     Nancy 

iHis  sister  Mary  (Mrs  Ebenezer  Ayer)  also  settled  in  Minot. 


766  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Maria  married  Charles  Henry  Moody,  of  Minot,  November  19,  18G5,  and  died 
November  28,  1876,  leaving  two  sons,  John  Marshall  and  James  Edwards. 

In  1810  Eliab  Washburn,  of  Belchertown,  Mass.,  came  to  Minot  in  the  first 
wagon  ever  seen  in  this  vicinity.  About  1817  Joseph  Washburn  made  one  for 
himself,  and  some  for  sale.  No  wheels  were  used  here  before  that  date. 
James  E.  remembers  hearing  old  Mr  Sampson  say:  "Some  men  will  tell  how 
much  they  can  mow;  others  how  much  they  can  rake;  but  the  main  thing  is 
to  get  the  hay  on  to  the  sled."  In  January,  1811,  at  the  age  of  three  months, 
James  W.  Washburn  rode  to  New  York  City,  with  his  parents,  in  a  sleigh 
which  his  father  had  made  the  previous  year,  and  on  which  he  had  put  a 
canvas  top,  painted  black.  This  sleigh  is  still  in  use,  though  the  canvas 
top  was  laid  aside  on  coming  home  from  that  journey.  They  were  two 
weeks  in  reaching  their  destination,  and  three  weeks  coming  home.  The 
sleighing  was  poor  on  the  way  home,  and  one  set  of  steel  runners  was  worn 
out  and  another  procured  on  the  way.  In  1820  David  Lyon,  with  his  wife,  a 
sister  of  Mrs  Joseph  Washburn,  came  from  New  York  City  to  Minot  in  a 
chaise.  It  was  the  first  covered  wheeled  vehicle  seen  in  this  locality,  and 
attracted  much  attention.  Mrs  Eliab  Washburn,  of  Minot,  was  a  woman  of 
some  education,  and  wrote  for  publication.  She  was  good  at  drawing  and 
possessed  of  considerable  ingenuit3^  When  the  color  of  figures  in  her  dress 
offended  her  taste  she  painted  them  over,  and  when  Joseph's  hat  gave  out,  and 
there  was  no  money  to  buy  another,  she  made  him  one  of  paper  and  blackened 
it  with  soot.  In  pleasant  weather  Joe  hoed  his  corn  in  as  good  looking  a 
hat  (at  a  little  distance,  at  least,)  as  any  boy  wore,  but  when  a  rain  came  on 
he  tucked  it  under  his  arm  and  ran  for  the  house. 

Minot  was  early  found  on  the  side  of  temperance.  April  7,  1828,  Rev.  E. 
Jones,  William  Ladd,  and  Josiah  Little  were  appointed  a  committee  to  draw 
up  some  resolutions  on  the  subject  of  temperance,  but  even  the  foremost  in  the 
cause  for  a  time  went  feeling  their  way  along.  At  a  temperance  meeting  held 
in  Minot  Centre  meeting-house  in  1829  the  president.  Rev,  Elijah  Jones,  stated 
that  he  had  not  fully  made  up  his  mind  that  total  abstinence  would  be  best. 
It  was  not  long,  however,  before  he  did  arrive  at  that  conclusion.  Another 
minister  used  to  say  that  he  "  thought  men  ought  to  have  a  little  rum  when 
mowing  on  a  wet  meadow."  At  one  time  when  Esquire  Noyes  was  about  to 
raise  a  small  farm  building  he  sent  for  Joseph  Washburn  and  his  sons  to  help. 
When  they  reached  the  place  he  said :  "  I've  bought  some  rum,  and  it's 
generally  customary  to  take  it  after  the  building  is  raised;  but  there  are  only 
a  few  of  us,  and  it'll  make  us  a  little  stronger  to  lift,  so  I  guess  we'll  drink  it 
now."  Still  another  neighbor,  while  making  a  speech  at  a  Fourth  of  July 
temperance  meeting,  said :  "I  think  cider  does  me  good.  My  blood  is  natu- 
rally sluggish,  and  cider  kind  of  enrages  me." 


Town  of  Minot.  767 


Voters  in  1800. —John  Allen,  John  Atkinson,  Peris  Andreivs,  Daniel  and  John  Alden, 
Capt.  John,  John,  Jr,  Samuel,  Joseph,  Willard  Brklgham,  Stephen  and  Ichabod  Benson, 
William  B.,  Israel,  Israel,  Jr,  Daniel  Bray,  Edmond  and  David  Bayley,  Jonathan  Bartlett, 
Gideon  Bearce,  Benjamin  Butler,  Daniel,  Calvin,  Shephard  Bucknani,  Benjamin  Clifford, 
Merrill  and  Edmund  Chase,  John  Campbell,  Squire  and  Job  Casivell,  William  Child,  John 
Garr,  William  Chipman,  Joshua,  Isaac,  Thomas  Crooker,  William  Cordwell,  Joseph  and 
Gushing  Daivs,  Zadoc  Dean,  Jacob,  Aaron,  Amos,  and  Jonathan  Divinal,  Lt  Samuel, 
Samuel,  John,  Thomas  Bownitu),  Zebulon,  Jr,  Davis,  Simeon  Dennen,  Moses,  Moses,  Jr, 
Emery,  John  and  Samuel  Glover,  John_Go'W£l,  John  Goodivin,  James  Goff,  Moses  and 
Elijah  Hackett,  William  and  Nathan  Haskell,  John  Hodge,  Hatevil  Hall,  John  and  Joseph 
Herrick,  Benjamin,  Joshua,  Joseph  Hutchins,  Nathan  Hanson,  Edward  Haivkes,  James 
and  James,  Jr,  Hodgkins,  James  Hill,  Moses  and  Joseph  House,  Henry  Jackson,  Job  and 
Benjamin  Lane,  Michael  Little,  Joseph  and  John  Leech,  Abiel  Lapham,  Ichabod  King, 
John  Q.  and  Seth  Keith,  Reuben  Merrotv,  Samuel  and  Samuel,  Jr,  Morgan,  Elias  and  Jabez 
MerriU,  Isaac,  Uriah,  Nathan,  John,  Richard  Nason,  Nicholas  Noyes,  William  Numan, 
James  Perkins,  Levi  Perry,  James  and  Alpheus  Packard,  James  Parker,  Moses,  Moses,  Jr, 
Richard,  William,  William,  Jr,  Pottle,  Samuel  Pulsifer,  Diminick  Row,  Jesse  Bice,  Dennis 
Ryan,  Samuel  and  Levi  Shaiv,  Samuel  and  William  Sivett,  Jacob  Stevens,  David  and 
Nathaniel  Small,  Lt  Nehemiah  Sawtell,  Stephen  Safford,  Seth  Sampson,  Benjamin  Toms, 
David  Triill,  John  True,  Samuel,  Samuel,  Jr,  Davis,  William  Verrill,  Solomon  Woolcott, 
Michael  Wilcomc,  True,  John,  Isaiah,  William  Woodman,  Eliab,  Mauasseh,  Joseph  Wash- 
burn, Davis  Woodward,  Stephen,  Stephen,  Jr,  Samuel,  Joseph  Yeaton,  Christopher  Young, 
John  Coy,  George  Erskine,  James  Jeivett,  Isaac  Britt,  Moses  Snell,  Moses  Judkins,  Thomas 
Brown,  Aaron  and  James  Bird,  John  and  George  Townsend,  Thomas  Knoivlton,  Nathaniel 
Daily,  Samuel  Andrus,  Ichabod  Runnels,  Joseph  Currier,  Samuel  Knight,  Benjamin 
Peterson,  Simeon  Noyes,  Benjamin  and  Philemon  Hubbard,  Nathan  Cutler,  James  Harloiv, 
Jonathan  and  Lemuel  Nash,  Benjamin,  Parker,  Alpheus  Drake,  Thomas  Lombard,  Charles 
Ford,  John  Gardner,  Robert  Hillburne. 

The  early  settlers  had  great  trouble  in  securing  titles  to  their  land,  not 
knowing  of  whom  to  obtain  it.  Some  were  ejected  from  their  holdings,  some 
after  long  and  expensive  litigation  held  under  the  homestead  act,  others  again 
bought  peace  and  possession  by  paying  a  high  price.  For  full  statement  of 
the  controversy,  see  Bakerstown.    . 


768  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


CHAPTER   XLV. 

Town  Records,  Happenings,  Etc. — Miuot  in  the  War  —  Civil  List  — Churches  — 
Schools  —  Physicians. 

TOWN  RECORDS,  Happenings,  Etc.— 1802,  April  5,  the  first  town- 
meeting  was  held  in  the  school-house  near  Levi  Shaw's,  warrant  issued  by 
Nathaniel  C.  Allen,  Esq.,  of  New  Gloucester,  to  Nicholas  Noyes,  of 
Minot.  First  selectmen,  Nicholas  Noyes,  Win  Briggs,  and  John  Chandler; 
first  treasurer  and  town  clerk.  Chandler  Freeman;  committee  to  settle  accounts 
with  Poland,  Doctor  Jesse  Rice,  Ichabod  King,  and  Samuel  Shaw.  May  3 
meeting  was  held  at  the  house  of  Deacon  James  Perkins.  Voted  to  raise  a  sura 
of  money  for  the  use  of  the  destruction  of  the  crows ;  12  cents  and  5  mills  on  the 
head ;  the  selectmen  shall  receive  the  heads  and  burn  them,  and  give  orders  on 
the  treasury  for  the  bounty.  Voted  to  buy  two  palls  to  cover  the  dead.  Voted 
to  raise  i50  for  the  use  of  the  town.  1803,  May,  voted  to  build  a  pound  near 
Nicholas  Noyes's  ;  that  the  poor  shall  be  put  up  at  vendue ;  not  to  build  a 
meeting-house,  and  not  to  send  a  representative.  1804,  April  6,  at  the  Con- 
gregational society's  meeting-house,  "Voted  to  build  a  bridge  near  Nason's 
mills  with  Poland." 

1806,  December  29,  First  town  meeting  in  the  Centre  moeting-house.  Samuel  Verrill 
was  chosen  to  succeed  Chandler  Freeman  as  town  clerk.  1809,  at  the  first  meeting  to 
choose  representative,  there  were  34  candidates.  Doctor  Seth  Chandler  had  112  votes  out 
of  308.  There  seems  to  have  been  no  political  division.  The  town  was  almost  wholly 
Democratic.  1812,  political  divisions  begin  between  Democratic  and  Federal  parties. 
1814,  April  4,  Jacob  Hill,  Esq.,  (the  first  lawyer)  was  chosen  town  agent.  "Voted  to 
choose  a  committee  to  go  to  Dr  Snell  (then  living  at  Winthrop),  for  advice  for  the  disorder 
(typhus  fever),  increasing  in  the  town."  In  May,  Godfrey  Grosvenor  removed  to  Minot 
from  New  Gloucester,  and  in  June  William  Ladd  removed  from  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  to 
Minot.  About  this  time,  many  influential  men  changed  their  politics  from  Democratic  to 
Federal.  July  4,  an  oration  at  the  Centre  meeting-house  by  Wm  Ladd,  and  a  public  dinner 
in  a  grove  near  Marshall  Washburn's.  1816,  May  20,  voted  on  separation  of  Maine  from 
Massachusetts,  ayes  89,  noes  108.  September  16,  chose  Godfrey  Grosvenor  and  Wm  Ladd 
delegates  to  the  constitutional  convention  at  Brunswick,  if  there  should  be  five-ninths  of 
the  voters  of  Maine  in  favor  of  a  separation.  1819,  July  26,  voted  on  the  separation 
question,  ayes  100,  noes  95.  Chose  Chandler  Freeman  and  Asaph  Howard  (Democrat) 
delegates  to  a  convention  for  forming  a  constitution  for  the  State  of  Maine.  December  6, 
voted  to  accept  the  constitution  of  Maine,  ayes  57,  noes  13.'  1820,  April  3,  Asaph  Howard 
(Democrat)  chosen  representative  to  new  General  Court  at  Portland.  May  26,  a  remarkable 
snow-storm,  apple  trees  in  blossom,  sleighs  out.  August  24,  a  fast  on  account  of  the  extra- 
ordinary drought.  October  9,  first  hard  frost  this  year.  1825,  May  5,  a  violent  snow-storm. 
1826,  May  15,  heat  at  90  degrees  at  5  p.m.  1827,  June  23,  Universalist  Society  formed. 
1828,  December  9,  ground  open  and  ploughing  done. 


Town  of  Minot.  769 


Statistics  of  Minot,  1825.'— School-houses  20.  Grist-mills  6.  Falling  mills  2.  Bark 
mills  aud  tanneries  3.  Carding  machines  2.  Number  of  inhabitants  (by  census  of  1820) 
2,525.  Number  of  tamiiies  402.  Social  libraries  4.  Number  of  acres  of  land  34,760. 
Meeting-houses  4.  Post  ofQces  4.  One  Congregational  society,  Rev.  Elijah  Jones.  One 
Baptist  society,  Elder  G.  Ricker.  One  Methodist  society.  Rev.  Moses  Emery.  One  other 
Congregationalist,  partly  in  Eebron,  destitute.  One  other  Baptist,  partly  in  Hebron,  Elder 
0.  Tripp.  One  or  two  Free  Will  Baptists.  One  tract  society,  one  missionary  society,  Con- 
gregational. One  tract  society.  Baptist,  two  associations,  auxiliary.  Two  foreign  missions, 
one  Sabbath  school  society.  One  lodge  of  Free  Masons.  One  lawyer,  three  ministers,  four 
physicians,  and  four  or  five  men  of  liberal  education,  three  tavern  keepers,  about  ten  shop 
keepers.  1830.— Taxable  polls  494.  Inhabitants  2,908.  25  paupers;  expense  of  their 
support  $530.07.  Dwelling-houses  392.  Barns  424.  Stores  for  sale  of  merchandise  8. 
Tanneries  3.  Work-shops  and  out-buildings  over  $20  value  169.  School  districts  and 
school-houses  22.  Grist-mills  6.  Saw-mills  9.  Clapboard  machine  1.  Shingle  machines 
5.  Sugar-box  machines  1.  Clothing  mills  2.  Acres  of  tillage  land  1,211.  Tons  of  upland 
hay  cut  2,652.  Acres  of  pasturage  4,061.  Barrels  of  cider  made  892.  Horses  and  colts 
477.  Horned  stock  over  1  year  2,802.  Sheep,  native,  merino,  and  mixed,  1  year  old  6,686. 
Meeting-houses  4.  Over  200  members  of  the  United  Congregational  church.  There  has, 
been  another  TJniversalist  society  formed  since  the  first.  There  is  no  regular  Universalist 
preaching.  About  80  male  members,  including  those  out  of  town.  About  85  members  of 
the  Methodist  church.  A  number  of  Free  Will  Baptists.  No  Quakers  or  Roman  Catholics, 
no  professed  infidels. 

1836,  April  23,  the  selectmen  fixed  the  territory  of  the  several  militia  companies. 
Hiram  Churchill,  Robert  Martin,  William  B.  Merrill,  and  John  Townsend  were  the  com- 
manders. 1837,  voted  Daniel  Briggs,  Jr,  agent  to  receive  the  surplus  revenue,  and  Nathan 
L.  Woodbury,  Daniel  Briggs,  Jr,  and  William  Lowell,  Jr,  to  loan  in  sums  not  exceeding 
$100.  William  Ladd,  Daniel  Briggs,  Jr,  and  Moses  Emery  were  chosen  to  remonstrate 
against  the  admission  of  Texas  into  the  Union.  1841,  April  20,  dividing  the  town  on  the 
"  curve  line,"  the  vote  was  yeas  226,  nays  222.  September  20,  the  representative  was 
instructed  to  oppose  the  division  of  the  town.  1842,  January  10,  at  a  special  meeting 
called  to  consider  the  division  of  the  town,  a  motion  to  procure  the  formation  of  a  new 
town  from  the  eastern  part  of  Minot  and  a  part  of  Danville  was  voted  down,  157  to  111. 
Voted  to  oppose  the  annexation  of  a  part  of  Minot  to  Danville,  and  action  was  taken  to 
oppose  the  division.  February  12,  one  more  attempt  was  made  to  gain  the  town's  consent 
but  defeated  305  to  216.  1843,  November  26,  "  voted  to  insist  upon  prohibiting  the  sale  of 
all  ardent  spirits  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  this  state." 

1844,  November  24,  the  line  between  Minot  and  Auburn  was  perambulated.  November 
11  voted  to  build  a  town-house  near  Atkinson's  Corner,  the  selectmen  to  purchase  a  site 
and  make  contract  to  build  the  house  inside  of  one  year,  and  to  use  the  old  town-house  in 
any  way  they  might  think  best.  1845,  March  7,  the  selectmen  were  instructed  not  to 
license  any  persons  to  sell  spirituous  liquors  except  for  medical  and  mechanical  purposes. 
Voted  to  receive  Jabez  C.  Woodman's  books  for  a  town  library,  the  town  clerk  to  keep  the 
library  and  lend  out  one  book  at  a  time  to  any  voter,  to  be  returned  in  five  weeks.  1846, 
March  30,  Daniel  Freeman,  Asa  Bearce,  Jr,  and  Isaiah  Woodman  were  chosen  to  purchase 
a  town  farm.  1847,  March  1,  $600  was  voted  toward  paying  for  the  town  farm.  1848, 
March  13,  $500  raised  towards  the  town  farm.  1849,  March  12,  voted  to  enforce  the  law  in 
regard  to  the  sale  of  liquors  and  the  maintenance  of  bowling  alleys.     1851,  April  7,  a  vain 


1  Given  by  William  Ladd. 


770  History  of  Andkoscoggin  County. 


attempt  was  made  to  move  the  town-house  to  Mechanic  Falls.  1853,  February  15,  "Voted 
to  instruct  our  representatives  and  request  our  senators  to  oppose  the  petition  for  a  new 
county.  1854,  October  2,  for  shire-town  Auburn  had  255  votes,  Lewiston  27,  and  Danville  2. 
1856,  September  8,  Hannibal  Hamlin  had  260  votes  for  governor,  Samuel  Wells  129,  and 
George  F.  Patten  11.  1858,  June  7,  Minot  gave  156  votes  (all  cast)  for  the  prohibitory  law. 
1859,  October  24,  the  line  between  Minot  and  Hebron  was  perambulated.  1860,  March  12, 
the  selectmen  were  instructed  to  sell  the  town  farm  and  property  connected  therewith,  at  a 
fair  price. 

1865,  September  11,  voted  to  fund  the  town  debt,  payable  in  equal  installments  from 
one  to  ten  years  with  annual  interest.  1867,  June  3,  Minot  voted  unanimously,  114  votes, 
for  another  amendment  to  the  liquor  law.  1869,  March  8,  the  selectmen  were  authorized 
to  sell  the  town  house.  1872,  March  11,  voted  to  exempt  manufacturers'  buildings  costing 
$5,000,  whose  annual  production  shall  be  $25,000,  from  taxation  for  10  years.  1873,  Sep- 
tember 8,  S.  W.  Shaw,  Marshall  Jordan,  and  L.  B.  Attwood  were  chosen  to  co-operate  with 
the  supervisor  in  establishing  a  free  high  school.  September  8,  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr,  had 
192  votes  for  governor,  Joseph  Titcomb  105,  Benjamin  F.  Butler  2.  1879,  March  10,  voted 
$25  for  Decoration  Day  expenses.  1880,  November  4,  the  Hebron  and  Turner  lines  peram- 
bulated. November  13,  Oxford  town  line  perambulated.  1883,  William  Lord,  aged  93, 
died.  He  was  a  pensioner  of  the  War  of  1812  and  the  oldest  man  in  town.  1884,  Septem- 
ber 8,  voted  241  for,  51  against,  the  prohibitory  amendment  to  the  constitution.  1888, 
March  5,  the  selectmen  were  instructed  to  build  a  lock-up  at  Mechanic  Falls,  either  alone 
or  in  connection  with  the  town  of  Poland.  1891,  voted  to  raise  $3,000  in  money  for  high- 
ways, $2,000  for  schools,  $500  for  culverts  and  bridges,  .$25  for  Memorial  Day,  $1,500  for 
poor,  $600  for  town  oflflcer's  bills,  $500  for  text-books,  $800  for  a  free  high  school,  $1,000 
to  pay  indebtedness,  $800  to  pay  interest,  $1,000  to  build  a  bridge  at  Hackett's  Mills  in 
conjunction  with  Poland. 

Minot  in  the  War.  — The  call  to  arms  met  with  a  prompt  response.  The  212  men 
credited  to  the  town  come  from  206  men,  six  re-enlisting;  133  were  residents  of  the 
town.  Nearly  $50,000  was  paid  out  for  expenses,  $43,590  going  to  pay  bounties.  1861, 
June  1,  the  town  voted  $50  to  defray  expenses  of  raising  a  company  at  Mechanic  Falls; 
also  to  aid  families  of  any  citizens  of  Minot  who  enlist  in  the  company,  and  that  if  any 
soldier  from  Minot  die  in  service,  his  body  be  brought  home  at  the  town's  expense.  1862, 
July  23,  voted  $100  additional  bounty  to  the  state  bounty  to  fill  quota.  August  23  voted 
a  bounty  of  $20  to  fill  the  town's  quota  of  nine-months'  men,  and  $80  additional  bounty  if 
the  quota  be  filled  by  enlistment.  September  8  voted  to  furnish  supplies  to  soldiers' 
families,  and  to  pay  $100  bounty  to  fill  quota.  1863,  March  2,  voted  $500  to  furnish  aid 
to  the  families  of  volunteers ;  also  to  pay  no  more  bills  for  bringing  home  deceased  soldiers. 
November  21  voted  to  pay  $305  bounty,  and  to  pay  drafted  men  $100  bounty.  1864, 
March  7,  ratified  the  doings  of  the  selectmen  relating  to  bounties  and  recruiting.  August 
20  voted  to  give  a  town  note  for  $300  for  the  bounty  in  the  last  call  for  troops.  1865, 
January  2,  selectmen  were  authorized  to  fill  the  quota  for  the  town's  best  interest,  and  to 
hire  the  money,  and  February  14  they  were  authorized  to  pay  the  same  bounties  to  drafted 
men  as  to  volunteers  — $300  for  one  year,  $400  for  two  years,  and  $500  for  three  years. 

Civil  List.  — Among  the  early  selectmen  were  Nicholas  Noyes,  Michael  Little,  Amos  Hersey, 
Isaac  Crooker,  Enoch  Perkins,  Willard  H.  Woodbury,  Otis  Nelson,  N.  L.  Woodbury,  Edwards  E. 
Hawkes.  Chandler  Freeman  was  the  first  town  clerk.  He  was  succeeded  in  1806  by  Samuel  Verrill, 
and  he  in  1833  by  John  B.  Lane.  1836— John  B.  Lane,  clerk;  Barnabas  Hackett,  Enoch  Littlefield, 
Wm  Crooker,  selectmen.  1837— John  B.  Lane,  clerk;  Daniel  Briggs,  Jr,  Barnabas  Hackett,  Asa 
Bearce,  Jr,  selectmen.  1838— John  B.  Lane,  clerk;  Calvin  Bridgham,  Asaph  Howard,  Enoch  Little- 
field,  selectmen.    1839— Peter  Noyes,  clerk;  Daniel  Briggs,  Asa  Bearce,  Jr,  Wm  Lowell,  Jr,  selectmen. 


Town  of  Minot.  771 


1840 — Peter  Noyes,  clerk;  Daniel  Briggs,  "Win  Lowell,  Jr,  George  Ricker,  Jr,  selectmen.  1841 — Peter 
Noyes,  clerk;  Asa  Bearce,  Jr,  George  llicker,  Jr,  John  B.  Lane,  selectmen.  1842— Peter  Noyes,  clerk; 
John  B.  Lane  (Wm  Lowell  from  November),  Asa  Bearce,  Jr,  Albert  Valentine,  selectmen.  1843 — Joshua 
Parsons,  clerk;  Asa  Bearce,  Jr,  Peter  Noyes,  Wm  Crooker,  selectmen.  1844 — Joshua  Parsons,  clerk; 
Asa  Bearce,  Jr,  Isaiah  Woodman,  Ezekiel  Verrill,  selectmen.  1845 — Joshua  Parsons,  clerk;  Asa 
Bearce,  Jr,  Isaiah  Woodman,  Samuel  F.  Waterman,  selectmen.  1846— Joshua  Parsons,  clerk;  Wm 
Parcher,  Gerrish  Bridgham,  Jacob  Dwinal,  selectmen.  1847 — Wm  Lowell,  clerk;  Peter  Noyes, 
Nathaniel  Cushman,  Wm  Dale,  selectmen.  1848 — Wm  Lowell,  clerk;  Peter  Noyes,  Nathaniel  Cush- 
man,  Joseph  Bucknam,  selectmen.  1849 — Wm  Lowell,  clerk;  Joseph  Bucknam,  Asa  Bearce,  Jr, 
Roscoe  L.  Attwood,  selectmen.  1850 — Albert  Valentine,  clerk;  Asa  Bearce,  Jr,  Sullivan  Woodman, 
Alexander  B.  Dwinal,  selectmen.  1851 — Wm  Lowell,  clerk;  Wm  L.  Bbnney,  Sullivan  Woodman, 
George  Deane,  selectmen.  1852 — Josiah  Carr,  clerk;  Calvin  Bridgham,  Jonathan  C.  Hawkes,  Cyrus 
King.  185.3  — R.  W.  Carr,  clerk  (J.  A.  Bucknam  from  July  18);  Jason  Hall,  J.  D.  Pulsifer,  Charles 
Moody,  selectmen.  1854  —  A.  B.  Dwinal,  clerk;  Jason  Hall,  Charles  Moody,  J.  E.  Washburn,  select- 
men. 1855 — A.  B.  Dwinal,  clerk;  Joseph  Bucknam,  Isaiah  Woodman,  William  P.  Bearce,  selectmen. 
1856  —  A.  B.  Dwinal,  clerk;  Joseph  Bucknam,  William  P.  Bearce,  S.  W.  Shaw,  selectmen.  18.57  —  O.  B. 
Dwinal,  clerk;  William  P.  Bearce,  Stillman  W.  Shaw,  William  Moore,  selectmen.  1858  —  O.  B. 
Dwinal,  clerk;  Stillman  W.  Shaw,  Joseph  Bucknam,  Jason  Hilborn, selectmen.  1859  —  O.  B. Dwinal, 
clerk;  A.  B.  Dwinal,  Jason  Hilborn,  Thomas  Cushman,  selectmen.  1860  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk; 
A.  B.  Dwinal,  Joseph  W.  Chase,  Samuel  D.  Hodgkins,  selectmen.  1861  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk; 
Joseph  W.  Chase,  Samuel  D.  Hodgkins,  Edwards  G.  Hawkes,  selectmen.  1862  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk 
Joseph  W.  Chase,  William  P.  Bearce,  John  W.  Clark,  selectmen.  1863  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk; 
William  P.  Bearce,  Sullivan  Woodman,  Jason  Hall,  selectmen.  1864  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk;  Sullivan 
Woodman,  F.  H.  Cobb,  Benjamin  Verrill,  selectmen.  1865  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk;  William  P.  Bearce, 
Jacob  T.  Chandler,  Luther  B.  Atwood,  selectmen.  1866 —  Lyman  M.  Cousens,  clerk;  Joseph  Bucknam, 
Stillman  W.  Shaw,  Sullivan  AVoodman,  selectmen..  1867  —  Lyman  M.  Cousens,  clerk;  Stillman  W. 
Shaw,  Sullivan  Woodman,  Edmond  L.  Bailey,  selectmen.  1868  —  W.  B.  Bucknam,  clerk;  William 
Lowell,  J.  T.  Chandler,  Edmond  L.  Bailey,  selectmen.  1869  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk;  William  Lowell, 
J.  T.  Chandler,  E.  L.  Bailey,  selectmen.  1870 — Gideon  Bearce,  clerk;  William  Lowell,  S.  J.  M. 
Perkins,  William  A.  Tobie,  selectmen.  1871-1872-1873-1874- Gideon  Bearce,  clerk;  William  Lowell, 
S.  J.  M.  Perkins,  E.  L.  Bailey,  selectmen.  1875  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk;  S.  J.  M.  Perkins,  Oliver  B. 
Dwinal,  J.  W.  Hodge,  selectmen.  1876  —  Gideon  Bearce,  clerk;  S.  J.  M.  Perkins,  E.  L.  Bailey,  J.  W. 
Hodge,  selectmen.  1877-1878  —  Thomas  B.  Swan,  clerk;  Oliver  B.  Dwinal,  Gideon  Bearce,  Marshall 
Jordan,  selectmen.  1879  —  Thomas  B.  Swan,  clerk;  Marshall  Jordan,  Gideon  Bearce,  E.  L.  Bailey, 
selectmen.  1880  — Thomas  B.  Swan,  clerk;  Marshall  Jordan,  John  Richardson,  George  B.  Atwood, 
selectmen.  1881  —  W.  B.  Bucknam,  clerk;  Gideon  Bearce,  P.  R.  Cobb,  N.  P.  Downing,  selectmen. 
1882-3— C.  H.  Dwinal,  clerk;  Gideon  Bearce,  P.  R.  Cobb,  N.  P.  Downing,  selectmen.  1884  — C.  H. 
Dwinal,  clerk;  Gideon  Bearce,  N.  P.  Downing,  E.  L.  Bailey,  selectmen.  1885-1886 — C.  H.  Dwinal, 
clerk;  Gideon  Bearce,  F.  M.  AVoodman,  E.  L.  Bailey,  selectmen.  1887  —  C.  H.  Dwinal,  clerk;  R.  P. 
Rounds,  O.  N.  Bailey,  John  H.  Foss,  selectmen.  1888  — C.  H.  Dwinal,  clerk;  S.  J.  M.  Perkins,  F.  H. 
McDonald,  E.  L.  Bailey,  selectmen.  1889-1890  — C.  H.  Dwinal,  clerk;  S.  J.  M.  Perkins,  F.  H. 
McDonald,  A.  R.  Giddinge,  selectmen.  1891  — C.  H.  Dwinal,  clerk;  F.  H.  McDonald,  S.  M.  Bean,  A. 
C.  Pulsifer,  selectmen. 

Congregational  Church}  —  The  first  record  we  have  of  public  worship  in 
Bakerstown  was  in  1784,  at  the  house  of  Chandler  Freeman.  His  father, 
Joseph  Freeman,  and  wife  came  that  year  and  conducted  religious  services. 
The  inhabitants  of  Minot  generally  attended.  In  1786  Rev.  Mr  Foxcroft  of 
New  Gloucester,  Rev.  Mr  Gilman  of  North  Yarmouth,  and  Rev.  Mr  Williams 
of  Falmouth  occasionally  preached.  In  1791,  through  the  efforts  of  Rev. 
Wait  Cornwell,  missionary  from  Connecticut,  the  first  revival  was  promoted; 
and  September  8  the  first  Congregational  church  was  gathered,  with  39  mem 

iWe  are  indebted  to  Miss  Lizzie  E.  Washburn  for  valuable  assistance  in  preparing  this  article. 


772  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

bers:  Joseph  Waterman,  Joseph  Freeman,  Jonathan  Chandler,  James  Shaw, 
Job  Cushman,  Isaac  Cushman,  Nathaniel  Chandler,  Samuel  Pool,  John  Row, 
Noah  Harsey,  True  Woodman,  Jonathan  Gurney,  John  Chandler,  Chandler 
Freeman,  Amos  Harsey,  Thomas  Gurney,  Joseph  Bradbury,  John  Millet, 
Moses  Bradbury,  James  Harsey,  James  Dunham,  Benjamin  Bradbury,  Isaac 
Allen,  Rebecca  Chandler,  Ruth  Chandler,  Olive  Shaw,  Anne  Washburn,  Mary 
Row,  Mary  Bradford,  Mercy  Harsey,  Rebeckah  Bisby,  Caroline  Freeman, 
Eunice  Bradbury,  Ruth  Seabury,  Elenor  Bradbury,  Mercy  Chandler,  Ruth 
Harsey,  Abigail  Pool,  Salley  Cobbet.  The  council  met  at  Mr  Jonathan  Brad- 
ford's, Rev.  Samuel  Foxcroft  and  Peleg  Chandler  of  New  Gloucester,  Deacon 
John  Southworth  of  North  Yarmouth,  Rev.  Alfred  Johnson  of  Freeport,  and 
Rev.  Wait  Corn  well  composing  it.  1791,  November  30,  the  first  church  meet- 
ing was  held  at  Chandler  Freeman's.  Joseph  Freeman  and  Moses  Bradbury 
were  chosen  deacons,  and  Noah  Hersey  "  leader  in  the  worship  of  singing." 
1792,  May  12,  Deacon  Joseph  Freeman  died,  aged  65,  and  his  son  Chandler 
was  chosen.  1798,  December  11,  Rev.  Jonathan  Scott  came  from  Nova  Scotia, 
and  held  religious  services  for  some  months,  but  went  back  in  May,  1794. 
During  his  stay  he  persuaded  the  people  to  build  a  church,  going  from  house 
to  house,  and  into  the  forest  to  assist  in  felling  the  timber,  and  in  June,  1794, 
a  meeting-house  was  built  near  Reuben  Chandler's  residence,  afterwards  S.  A. 
Thurlow's.  In  September  Rev.  Mr  Scott  came  again,  and  in  October  promised 
the  people  in  writing  that  he  would  settle  among  them.  His  salary  was  -fS 
for  each  Sabbath's  preaching,  but  nothing  for  expenses.  In  1795,  May  1,  Rev. 
Mr  Scott  arrived  with  his  family,  and  by  a  covenant  dated  April  18,  1796,  98 
persons  agreed  to  his  support,  and  gave  him  a  call  to  settle  as  pastor.  This 
call,  accepted  May  28,  was  on  a  salary  of  £65  and  the  land  allowed  for  the 
first  settled  minister.  (The  land  was  never  obtained.)  Mr  Scott  said:  "Know 
for  certainty  that  I  never  shall  nor  will  enter  any  law  process  against  you  as  a 
society,  or  any  individual  of  you,  on  the  strength  or  bond  of  that  covenant, 
and  I  do  hereby  forever  put  it  out  of  the  power  of  my  heirs,  administrators, 
or  assigns  to  do  it  while  I  live  or  after  my  death."  He  was  installed  July  27  ; 
council:  Rev.  Samuel  Eaton  of  Harpswell,  Rev.  Tristram  Oilman,  North 
Yarmouth,  Rev.  Alfred  Johnson  of  Freeport. 

1804,  September  8,  the  proprietors  held  a  meeting  "for  building  a  meeting- 
house near  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Minot."  September  27  the  town  voted 
"not  to  build  a  meeting-house  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  not  to  build  two 
meeting-houses."  November  27  the  town  consented  to  the  incorporation  of  a 
Congregational  society ;  ayes  54,  nays  29.  1805,  May  29,  the  East  meeting- 
house was  raised,  and  July  3,  the  Centre  meeting-house  was  raised.  Mr  Scott 
had  always  opposed  the  building  of  the  latter,  and  it  was  only  after  repeated 
solicitation  that  he  consented  to  make  the  prayer,  which  gave  great  offense 
to  the  proprietors  of  the  house.      In  July  Mr  Scott  requested  a  dismission,  and 


Town  of  Minot.  773 


made  a  request  in  writing,  assigning  as  his  reason  the  building  of  the  Centre 
meeting-house  by  a  part  of  his  church  and  society,  to  which,  especially  the 
location,  he  urged  strong  objections.  August  21  an  ecclesiastical  council  was 
convened,  and  the  next  day,  at  the  "West  meeting-house,"  Mr  Scott  laid  before 
it  a  long  written  memorial  of  his  grievances,  etc.,  and  it  was  voted  unanimously 
to  dissolve  the  pastoral  relations;  nevertheless  he  continued  to  preach  and 
acted  as  moderator  of  church  meetings.  1806,  June  26,  fourteen  members 
were  set  off  to  form  a  separate  church  [see  Second  Church].  July  7,  and 
October  20,  subscription  papers  were  drawn  up,  promising  Mr  Scott  $145. 
August  15  the  First  Church  gave  Mr  Scott  a  call  to  become  pastor,  which  he 
formally  accepted  Sunday,  October  26.  November  12  an  ecclesiastical  council, 
consisting  of  Rev.  Messrs  Eaton,  Herrick,  Mosely,  and  Gillet,  installed  "Rev. 
Jonathan  Scott  over  the  First  Congregational  Church,  worshiping  in  the  East 
meeting-house."  1807,  February  8,  Rev.  Mr  Scott's  house  was  burned  with 
his  youngest  son.  The  parish  then  gave  the  old  meeting-house  to  him,  and 
moved  it  to  the  site  of  his  former  house.  The  church  records  were  also 
destroyed.  Dr  Jesse  Rice  and  John  Staples  Ciafts  were  chosen  deacons. 
(They  both  died  early  in  1815.)  1819,  Rev.  Jonathan  Scott  died,  October  15, 
aged  75,  in  the  51st  year  of  his  ministry,  and  the  influence  of  his  strong  and 
Christian  nature  j-et  lingers  in  the  atmosphere  of  the  homes  where  his  pastoral 
visits  so  often  brought  comfort  and  consolation. 

Efforts  to  reunite  the  churches  were  successful,  and  in  the  fall  of  1821  it 
was  unanimously  resolved,  "That  it  is  expedient  that  the  two  Congregational 
churches  in  this  town  be  united  in  one,"  and  committees  chosen  to  revise  the 
articles  of  faith,  and  to  draft  new  ones.  October  18,  at  a  meeting  of  the  two 
churches.  Rev.  Elijah  Jones  present,  "Voted,  to  accept  the  articles  of  faith  and 
the  covenant  submitted  by  the  committee,"  and  adopt  the  name  "  United 
Congregational  Church."  1822,  January  1,  the  new  society  of  100  members, 
legally  organized,  gave  Mr  Jones  a  call  to  settle  as  pastor,  with  $300  salary, 
without  a  parsonage ;  Mr  Jones  not  accepting  the  call,  William  Ladd  offered  a 
small  parsonage,  and  February  12,  1823,  Mr  Jones  was  ordained  pastor  at  the 
East  meeting-house.  May  4  the  "United  Church"  held  its  first  communion, 
with  37  resident  and  13  non-resident  members,  and  23  more  members  were 
received  during  the  year.  1824,  17  members  received.  1826,  June  14,  Cum- 
berland Conference  held  its  meeting  in  the  Centre  meeting-house.  64  persons 
were  received  into  the  church,  600  communicants  sat  down  to  the  Lord's  table, 
1,500  were  present.  102  persons  were  received  into  the  church  this  year. 
1828,  April  7,  the  society  chose  a  committee,  of  which  Rev.  E.  Jones  and  Wm 
Ladd  were  members,  to  draw  up  resolutions  on  temperance,  which  were  passed 
in  church  meeting  June  2,  the  first  public  action  of  the  society  in  sympathy 
with  this  great  moral  movement.  December  1,  Josiali  Little,  Esq.,  was  chosen 
deacon  in   place   of  Chandler  Freeman,   resigned  on   account  of    age.      The 


774  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


United  Society  continued  to  flourish  under  the  ministry  of  Mr  Jones,  until 
May  1,  1844,  when  the  eastern  portion,  now  having  its  interests  in  the  new 
town  of  Auburn  and  numbering  86  members,  was  organized  as  West  Auburn 
Congregational  Church.     [See  page  665.] 

Second  Congregational  Church.  —  In  1806  the  dissensions  in  the  church  and 
society,  on  account  of  building  the  Centre  meeting-house,  increased,  and  seven 
males  and  seven  females  signed  a  request  to  be  formed  into  a  "  distinct  Gospel 
Church,"  on  account  of  their  living  in  the  west  of  Minot,  and  the  inconvenience 
in  attending  worship  in  the  east.  These  persons  were  of  those  who  were 
engaged  in  building  the  Centre  church.  Their  request  was  granted  June  26, 
and  communicated  to  them  in  a  certificate  signed  by  Mr  Scott,  as  moderator, 
dated  July  1.  This  church  was  formed  October  15,  1806,  by  an  ecclesiastical 
council  composed  of  Rev.  Jacob  Herrick  and  James  Hubbard,  of  Durham,  Rev. 
Elisha  Mosely,  Moses  Merrill,  and  E.  Mason,  of  New  Gloucester,  Rev.  Daniel 
Weston  and  Moses  Humphrey,  of  Gray.  It  was  voted  to  receive  these  persons 
as  members:  Moses  Bradbury,  Isaac  Allen,  Davis  Variel,  Samuel  Variel,  Jr, 
John  Row,  Benjamin  Butler,  Nathaniel  Chandler,  Eunice  Bradbury,  Anna 
Washburn,  Ruth  Seabury,  Marcy  Chandler,  Keziah  Chandler,  Olive  Chandler, 
Sarah  Row,  John  Chandler,  Ichabod  Chandler,  and  "acknowledged  them  as 
the  Second  Congregational  Church  in  Minot."  Moses  Bradbury  was  chosen 
first  deacon  and  moderator;  Isaac  Allen,  second  deacon;  Samuel  Vareal 
(Verrill),  clerk.  Others  were  afterward  dismissed  from  the  First  Church  to 
join  this  one.  In  January,  1811,  the  church  endeavored  to  effect  a  recon- 
ciliation with  the  mother  church,  but  in  vain.  A  meeting  of  committees  from 
both  churches  was  held  January  9,  with  no  apparent  result.  January  23  the 
second  church  invited  the  first  church  to  reconciliation,  but  it  was  not  effected. 
February  27,  1811,  Rev.  William  Pidgin,  the  first  pastor,  was  installed  by  a 
council,  consisting  of  Rev.  Messrs  Mosely,  Herrick,  Weston,  Miltimore,  Smith, 
Creasy,  and  delegates.  There  had  been  but  few  additions  to  the  church  since 
organization.  August,  1814,  an  unsuccessful  effort  was  again  made  for 
a  reconciliation  of  the  churches.  1819,  August  4,  Rev.  Mr  Pidgin  was  dis- 
missed, and,  December  5,  the  church  sent  a  communication  to  the  First  Church, 
on  the  subject  of  a  union,  which  brought  favorable  results  and  a  union.  Rev. 
Mr  Jones  continued  as  pastor  of  the  Minot  Centre  Church  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  West  Minot  church  (which  left  121  members  in  the  mother  church) 
until  his  death  in  1869,  at  the  age  of  78  years.  He  was  a  native  of  Wrentham, 
Mass.,  an  earnest,  discreet,  and  pure-hearted  man,  who  labored  intensely  and 
continuously.  During  his  pastorate  of  46  years  here  nearly  500  members  were 
added  to  the  church.  There  has  been  no  settled  pastor  since  Mr  Jones. 
From  November  21, 1869,  to  November  21, 1870,  the  pulpit  was  supplied  by  Rev. 
John  K.  Deering.  Rev.  Joseph  Smith,  from  October  8,  1871,  to  June  27,  1875. 
Rev.  F.  E.  Emrich,  during  September  and  October,  1875.     Rev.  Ira  G.  Sprague, 


Town  of  Mlnot.  775 


from  September,  1876,  to  July  29,  1877.  Preston  B.  Wing,  summer  of  1878. 
John  B.  Carruthers,  from  June  8,  1879,  to  September  14,  1879.  Rev. 
Lauriston  Reynolds,  from  September  21,  1879,  to  July  26,  1885.  Rev.  Lewis 
J.  Thomas,  from  September  20,  1885,  to  the  present  time.  When  without  a 
preacher  the  house  of  worship  has  rarely  been  closed.  The  late  Deacon  S.  W. 
Shaw  rendered  very  efficient  service  in  keeping  the  pulpit  supplied.  Some- 
times the  supply  was  from  Bates  Theological  School.  In  1876  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  of  Auburn  held  several  meetings  here,  and  in  the  summer  of  1885  the 
Praying  Band  of  Auburn  did  the  same.  When  nothing  better  could  be 
obtained  the  people  listened  to  the  reading  of  a  sermon  by  one  of  the  church 
members  —  usually  Deacon  Shaw. 

The  deacons  up  to  1854  had  been  Chandler  Freeman,  Isaac  Allen,  Samuel 
Pool,  Josiah  Little,  Harvey  Stetson,  James  Dinsmore,  and  Peter  Noyes.  In 
the  church  books,  under  date  of  March  6,  1854,  is  this  by  Rev.  E.  Jones: 
"Church  meeting  at  the  pastor's  house.  Chose  brethren  John  C.  Rice  and 
James  E.  Washburn  assistant  deacons.  Dea.  Allen  now  being  97  years  old  ; 
Dea.  Stetson  lame ;  Dea.  Noyes,  moved  out  of  town,  and  having  no  horse,  is 
apt  to  fail  us."  J.  C.  Rice  died  March  4,  1864,  but  no  steps  were  taken  to 
supply  the  vacant  deaconate  until  April  10,  1869,  when  James  E.  Washburn 
was  chosen  1st  deacon;  Stillman  W.  Shaw,  2d  deacon;  Merrill  Davis,  3d 
deacon.  Deacon  Shaw  died  January  11,  1888.  J.  E.  Washburn  and  Merrill 
Davis  are  still  in  office.  February  8,  1888,  Deacon  J.  E.  Washburn  was 
chosen  clerk  and  treasurer,  and  still  acts  in  both  capacities. 

The  West  Minot  and  Hebron  Conr/ree/ational  Church  was  organized  October 
8,  1802,  with  13  members.  Its  first  pastor  was  Rev.  Henry  Sewall,  ordained 
October  12,  1802.  The  first  deacons  .were  Reuben  Packard,  and  Isaac  Cush- 
man,  succeeded  by  Moses  Allen,  Samuel  Bradford,  and  Caleb  Barrows.  The 
first  meeting-house  at  West  Minot  was  built  in  1811.  It  was  taken  down  in 
1855,  and  rebuilt  as  a  union  house. 

Free  Baptists. — The  doctrines  taught  by  Benjamin  Randall,  the  founder 
of  this  faith  were  early  brought  to  Minot.  Its  most  prominent  advocate  in 
early  days  was  Rev.  Jonathan  Tracy,  eldest  son  of  Rev.  Christopher  Tracy,  of 
Durham,  where  he  was  born  in  1782.  He  was  converted  when  16,  and  soon 
coming  to  Minot  was  active  in  Christian  work.  In  1812  he,  with  12  others, 
joined  the  Danville  and  Poland  F.  W.  Baptist  Church.  He  was  ordained  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1828,  and  thereafter  labored  extensively  as  an  evangelist  and  was  a  settled- 
pastor  in  Lewiston,  Minot,  Poland,  Danville,  Mechanic  Falls,  Auburn,  Sabattus, 
and  other  places.  He  baptized  nearly  800  converts,  was  an  early  advocate  of 
temperance,  and  a  denouncer  of  slavery.  He  was  esteemed  and  beloved,  and 
died  at  Wales,  January  24,  1864.  From  his  day  the  Free  Baptists  have  been 
in  existence,  sometimes  with  a  regular  pastor,  and  often,  as  now,  without  one. 
About  30  years  ago,  many  of  the  leading  men  of  Minot  were  members  of  this 


776  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

church.  In  1847  this  church  joined  in  building  the  union  meeting-house  at 
Mechanic  Falls.     Its  interest  in  it  was  sold  to  the  Baptists  in  1889. 

Baptist  Church}  —  The  first  Baptist  Conference  was  held  at  Mechanic  Falls 
in  the  autumn  of  1855.  During  the  following  year  preaching  was  sustained 
one-fourth  of  the  time,  Kev.  A.  K.  P.  Small  supplying.  The  church  was 
organized  September,  1857,  and  Isaac  C.  Bumpus  was  chosen  clerk.  A  council 
of  recognition  was  called,  October  27,  1857.  There  were  41  original  members : 
Joseph  Bucknam,  Eunice  Bucknam,  Edmund  Chase,  Joseph  W.  Chase,  Mary 
Ann  Chase,  Nabby  Chase,  Anna  Chase,  S.  and  L.  B.  Chase,  Comfort  Crooker, 
Judith  Crooker,  Russel  B.  Andrews,  Isaac  C.  Bumpus,  Benjamin  Merrill, 
Nizalla  Merrill,  Sarah  G.  Moore,  Nancy  Woodman,  Laura  Record,  Zilpha  B. 
Mitchell,  Elvira  Merrill,  Mary  Bearce,  Polly  B.  Hawkes,  Ebenezer  Drake, 
Harmony  Drake,  Lucy  Chase,  Alden  Chandler,  Peter  R.  Dennen,  Clarissa 
Dennen,  Sarah  Dennen,  Hannah  Hayes,  Lydia  C.  Holbrook,  Patience  Staples, 
Esther  Knight,  Sarah  Holmes,  Sarah  J.  Coy,  Hannah  Barton,  Isaac  Barton, 
Rebekah  Barton,  Sally  Thayer,  Elbridge  G.  Coy,  Betsey  Milliken  ;  40  have 
since  been  baptized  into  its  membership,  and  there  have  been  138  members 
in  all.  In  July,  1858,  R.  B.  Andrews  and  Eben  Drake  were  chosen  deacons. 
Subsequently  A.  B.  Dwinal,  Joseph  Bucknam,  S.  Woodman,  Gilman  Thayer, 
and  S.  U.  Hawkes  have  served  in  that  capacity.  The  first  clerk  has  been 
followed  by  A.  B.  Dwinal  and  J.S.  Merrill.  The  pastorates  have  all  been  short, 
and  quite  a  portion  of  the  time  the  church  has  been  without  a  pastor,  uniting 
in  the  support  of  other  preaching.  After  Rev.  A.  K.  P.  Small,  Dr  Adam  Wilson 
was  pastor ;  then  Bro.  Sweat,  who  was  followed  in  time  by  Rev.  Abner 
Merrill.  A.  C.  Herrick  preached  in  1866,  L.  P.  Gurney  in  1867,  and  J.  R. 
Langridge  in  1868-69.  In  1872  Bro.  R.  Denham  supplied,  and  June  28,  1878, 
J.  S.  Studley  was  ordained  and  served  the  church  about  one  year.  In  1886 
Rev.  C.  E.  Horden  was  called  to  supply  for  a  while.  Under  his  supervision  the 
church  bought  out  the  interest  of  the  Free  Baptists  in  the  meeting-house  which 
the  two  churches  had  occupied  together  on  Pleasant  street,  remodelled  and 
repaired  the  old  church  at  a  cost  of  over  $3,000.  It  was  re-dedicated  June  2, 
1888.  In  September,  1888,  Rev.  W.  H.  Clark  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and 
continues  in  that  relation.  12  have  been  added  to  the  church  since  he  came. 
The  present  membership  is  about  46.  The  church  sustains  a  good  Sunday 
school  and  regular  religious  services,  and  is  interested  in  all  the  beneficent 
work  of  the  denomination,  as  well  as  the  great  moral  reforms  of  the  day. 

Methodist  Episcojml  Church?'  —  Mechanic  Falls  was  made  a  station  b}^  the 
Maine  Annual  Conference  at  the  session  held  in  Lewiston,  April  27,  1859. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Perry  was  appointed  pastor  of  the  charge.  Before  this  the  church 
had  been  a  part  of  Poland  circuit,  and  services  had  been  held  in  the  Union 

iBy  Kev.  W.  H.  Clark.         2  By  Rev.  Charles  F.  Parsons. 


Town  of  Minot.  777 


Church,  owned  by  Free  Baptists  and  Methodists.  While  Rev.  Ezekiel 
Martin  was  pastor  of  the  Poland  circuit,  in  1857  and  1858,  he  paid  special 
attention  to  the  church  at  Mechanic  Falls,  and  an  extensive  and  gracious 
revival  resulted  from  his  labors.  When,  in  1859,  Rev.  J.  C.  Perry  became 
pastor,  the  society  commenced  the  erection  of  a  church  edifice.  In  the  follow- 
ing year,  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Jas  McMillan,  the  church  was  finished 
and  the  dedication  sermon  preached  by  Rev.  H.  B.  Ridgeway.  In  1861  Rev. 
Kinsman  Atkinson  was  pastor;  1862-63,  Rev.  J.  C.  Perry;  1864,  Rev.  John 
W.  Woodbury,  1865-66',  Rev.  Wm  H.  Foster ;  1867-68,  Rev.  John  Gibson  ; 
1869-70,  Rev.  Joseph  Hawkes;  1871,  Rev.  J.  C.  Fletcher;  1872-74,  Rev. 
Daniel  Waterhouse.  The  parsonage  was  built  in  1872.  In  1875-77  Rev.  W. 
B.  Bartlett  was  pastor.  On  April  1,  1877,  the  church  was  burned.  Work  was 
at  once  commenced  on  a  new  church  building,  and  the  next  January  services 
were  held  in  the  vestry.  In  1878  Rev.  J.  H.  Trask  was  pastor;  in  1879-80, 
Rev.  H.  Chase.  The  new  church  was  finished  and  dedicated  in  1880,  sermon 
by  Rev.  A.  S.  Ladd.  In  1881-83  Rev.  David  Church  was  pastor ;  in  1884,  Rev. 
W.  S.  Jones;  in  1885-87,  Rev.  G.  F.  Cobb;  in  1888-90,  Rev.  C.  E.  Springer. 
The  membership  of  the  church,  Ma}^,  1891,  is  104.  Rev.  C.  F.  Parsons  is  the 
present  pastor. 

Schools.  —  Private  schools  were  kept  in  several  places  before  any  provision 
was  made  b^'  the  town.  Of  the  early  teachers  were  Samuel  Shaw  at  the 
Centre,  Master  Bray  on  Bradbury  hill,  John  Chandler  and  his  sister  on  Hersey 
hill,  where  Abner  Chase  also  taught  many  winter  terms.  The  first  public- 
school  teacher  was  Nathan  Hanson.  In  1803  it  was  voted  "to  raise  $600  for 
schools,"  and  April  6,  1804,  "to  number  the  children  on  the  first  day  of  May, 
and  all  over  four  years  of  age  to  draw  an  equal  proportion  of  school  money." 
The  amount  raised  for  schools  was  increased  -flOO  yearly  until  it  reached 
Sil,000.  In  1825  there  were  20  school-buildings  in  Minot;  five  years  after,  22 
and  as  many  districts.  School  district  No.  1,  located  at  Mechanic  Falls,  was 
organized  in  1831.  The  first  male  teacher  was  George  Tewksbury,  who  taught 
in  the  winter  of  1831-2.  A  Mr  Harris  taught  in  the  winter  of  1832-3,  and 
William  A.  Tobie  in  1833-4.  J.  D.  Pulsifer,  in  1835-6,  had  40  scholars.  The 
school-house  was  then  located  on  the  site  of  the  Pleasant  street  school-house. 
Morris  B.  Walker,  Frank  H.  Hall,  Miss  Sarah  Bucknam,  and  Miss  Frances  A. 
Millett  taught  a  number  of  terms  before  the  Union  district  was  formed. 
March  22,  1867,  E.  G.  Hawkes,  A.  C.  Denison,  A.  T.  Denison,  O.  W.  Hawkes, 
William  Childs,  J.  A.  Bucknam,  E.  M.  Thurston,  D.  S.  Perkins,  and  J.  S. 
Merrill  petitioned  Justice  S.  F.  Waterman  to  call  the  first  meeting  for  the 
Union  school  district  (formed  from  No.  1  in  Minot  and  No.  20  in  Poland)  for 
the  transaction  of  business.  The  meeting  was  held  March  30,  at  the  Pleasant 
street  school-house,  and  elected  Joseph  Bucknam  moderator,  and  E.  G.  Hawkes 
clerk  and  agent.      Voted  that  school  districts  No.  1  of  Minot  and  No.  20  of 


778  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Poland   be   called  the   Mechanic   Falls  Union   school    district.      Rev.   A.   G. 
Gaines,  J.  M.  Eveleth,  M.D.,  Alanson  Briggs,  and  A.  T.  Denison  were  elected 
to  grade  the  schools.      At  a  meeting  held  April  15.  1871,  A.  T.  Denison  was 
chosen  clerk,  Rev.  Zenas  Thompson  agent,  and  O.  B.  Dwinal,  A.  C.  Denison, 
C.  S.  Richardson,  George  Moore,  and  D.  B.  Holt  were  chosen  a  committee  "  to 
see  about  building  a  school-house  for  the  Union  district  that  would  accom- 
modate 350  scholars."     They  reported  April  27,  and  Nathaniel  Cushman,  J.  S. 
Gerry,  O.  B.  Dwinal,  O.  B.  Moore,  and  Alanson  Briggs  were  appointed  the 
building  committee.     June  24  the  site  of  the  brick  school-house  was  located 
by  a  vote  of  94  in  favor  of  present  site  and  83  for  the  pine-tree  lot  in  Poland, 
and  the  school-house  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  18,863.85.     In  1873  S.  W.  Shaw, 
Marshall  Jordan,  and  L.  B.  Attwood  were  chosen  a  committee  to  co-operate 
with  the  supervisor  of  schools  in  establishing  a  free  high  school  in  the  town. 
The  school  was  established,  has  been  heartily  supported,  and  it  stands  in  the 
front  rank  of  educational  institutions  of  its  grade.      At  the  annual  meeting, 
1887,  H.  E.  Thurston  was  chosen  clerk,  and  Frank  A.  Millett  agent,  and  it 
was  voted  to  raise  $500  for  high  school.      March,  1888,  F.  O.  Purington  was 
elected  clerk,  and  F.  A.  Millett  agent.      On  account  of  the  vote  of  the  town 
of  Poland  dissolving  the  Union  district,  this  closed  the  affairs  of  this  district, 
except  to  pay  a  debt  of   about  $2,000  on  the  brick  school-house,  which  was 
raised  at  a  special  meeting,  April  7,  1888.     There  are  now  11  school  districts. 
The  number  of  different  pupils  registered  in  school  from  April,  1880,  to  April, 
1891,  was  295.     F.  H.  McDonald  was  supervisor  in  1890.      F.  O.  Purington  is 
the  present  supervisor.      Lizzie  E.  Washburn,  daughter  of  Deacon   James  E. 
Washburn,  has  been  a  prominent  teacher,  closing  her  fiftieth  term  of  school  in 
June,  1891.     Official  reports  say  of  her:  "By  natural  endowments  and  a  good 
education  Miss  Washburn  is  happily  adapted  to  her  work  as  an  instructor  of 
youth.      Dignified  and  kind  in  manner,  decided  though  mild  in  government, 
she  secures  a  good  degree  of  studiousness  and  order  among  her  pupils. 

Physicians. — Dr  Jesse  Rice  established  himself  in  Minot  in  1795,  and  was 
the  first  practicing  physician.  He  died  in  1816.  Br  Seth  Chandler,  of  Dux- 
bury,  Mass.,  was  an  early  physician  at  the  Centre,  and  had  a  large  practice. 
He  died  in  1839.  Dr  Joseph  Keith  was  in  town  prior  to  1817.  Br  Jesse  Miles 
practiced  medicine  at  Minot  Corner  several  years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr 
Christopher  Toby  for  four  years.  Br  Charles  Millett,  an  able  physician,  was 
his  successor.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Lewiston.  Br  Josialt  Carr, 
born  in  Hebron,  February  6,  1814,  was  a  resident  physician  at  Mechanic  Falls 
for  nearly  40  years.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  Medical  School,  and 
surgeon  in  the  late  war.  He  died  August  12,  1873.  Br  Elijah  G.  Heath,  a 
native  of  Vermont,  practiced  in  Mechanic  Falls  from  1885  to  1890,  when  he 
died,  aged  70.  He  was  a  very  successful  homoeopathic  physician.  G.  M.  Cohb, 
M.B.,  is  a  son  of  Dr  Albion  and  Louise  A.  (Stockman)  Cobb.     His  father  was 


Town  of  Minot.  779 


a  skillful  physician  and  surgeon ;  his  mother,  an  eminently  successful  teacher, 
taught  over  50  terms.  Dr  Cobb  has  an  extensive  practice,  and  is  recognized 
as  a  physician  of  ability.     Br  Charles  Tohie  is  now  located  here. 


CHAPTER   XLVI. 

By  J.  A.  BucKNAM. 


Mechanic  Falls  — Minot  Corner — West  Minot — Some  of   Minot's  Principal   Farmers 
from  1840. 

MECHANIC  FALLS.  [See  page  736.]— About  45  years  after  the  first 
white  man  came  to  Minot  to  make  it  his  home,  the  second  generation 
discovered  that  Bog  Falls  was  a  valuable  water-power,  and  that  it  ought 
to  be  utilized,  that  the  country  adjoining  needed  an  unfailing  power  to  make 
its  flour  and  meal  and  to  saw  lumber  for  building.  It  was  in  1823  that  Isaiah 
Perkins,  his  brother  Luther,  and  Capt.  James  Farris^  of  Hebron,  had  the 
courage  to  enter  that  wilderness  and  to  build  a  saw-mill  on  the  Poland  side  of 
the  river.  In  a  few  years  this  mill  was  burned,  and  another,  with  a  box-mill 
attached,  was  built,  owned  in  part  by  a  Mr  Smith  from  Portland.  This,  also, 
was  soon  burned.  A  double  saw-mill  was  built  on  the  same  place,  which 
remained  until  A.  C.  Denison  and  E.  W.  Fyler  purchased  it,  in  1850  or  1851, 
with  the  water-power  on  the  Poland  side.  It  was  run  by  them  until  1867, 
when  it  was  taken  down  and  the  brick  paper-mill  built  on  its  site. 
Soon  after  the  building  of  the  saw-mill  a  shingle  mill  was  built  by  Asaph 
Churchill,  and  a  clapboard  mill  on  the  Minot  side.  A  little  later,  Isaiah 
Perkins  erected  a  grist-mill,  much  needed  by  the  community.  These  mills 
called  for  mill  men,  and  the  first  man  to  respond  and  build  a  house  and  move 
in  his  family  was  Dean  Andrews.  This  house  was  built  in  1823,  very  near,  if 
not  on,  the  spot  where  O.  B,  Dwinal's  house  now  stands.  His  son,  Isaiah,  was 
the  first  child  born  there.  Old  Doctor  Jacob  Tewksbury,  from  No.  6  in 
Hebron  (now  Oxford),  was  called  upon  to  introduce  the  young  gentleman  into 
the  world.  The  night  was  stormy  and  dark,  and  nt)thing  but  a  logging  road  to 
follow,  so  it  took  a  brave  man  to  force  his  way  through,  but  the  old  doctor 
was  a  plucky  old  gentleman,  and  not  to  be  cheated  out  of  his  to  fee,  which  was 
probably  paid  in  refuse  shingles.  His  bitter  experience  led  him  to  name  the 
town  "Jericho,"  by  which  name  it  was  for  a  long  time  called.  Afterwards,  in 
consequence  of  the  large  quantity  of  "  grog "  sold,  it  was  called  "  Groggy 
Harbor,"  but  the  popular  name  was  "Bog  Falls,"  until  a  post-office  was  estab- 
lished in   1841,  when,   at  the  suggestion  of  S.   F.   Waterman,  it  was    called 


780  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Mechanic  Falls.  Mr  Waterman  was  the  first  postmaster,  a  prominent  citizen, 
one  of  the  first  county  commissioners,  and  died  in  1876. 

The  next  family  that  came  was  that  of  Azel  Marshall,  who  purchased  the 
land  now  used  for  the  cemetery  and  built  his  house  near  where  his  son  John's 
house  now  stands,  and  the  first  road  from  Minot  crossed  the  river  and  passed 
through  the  cemetery  into  what  is  now  Marshall  street,  and  extending  into 
Main  street,  near  the  old  cemetery.  The  third  family  was  Peter  Thayer,  who 
built  a  log  house  and  blacksmith  shop  partly  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  J.  A. 
Bucknam's  brick  store.  He  afterwards  built  a  frame  house,  which  was  moved 
to  Pleasant  street,  and  now  owned  by  Mrs  Wallace,  and  replaced  by  the  house 
now  occupied  by  N.  H.  Nelson.  Mr  W.  Thayer  was  the  first  blacksmith  in  town, 
and  a  very  ingenious  man.  He  continued  the  business  in  a  small  wa}'^  through 
life.  He  left  four  sons;  three,  Gilman,  Simon,  and  Leonard,  resided  here  until 
their  deaths  within  the  last  three  years,  and  all  lived  to  be  over  75. 

The  first  store  was  in  one  end  of  the  first  grist-mill  and  was  run  by  Isaiah 
Perkins.  He  soon  after  built  a  very  small  store  on  the  easterly  portion  of  the 
lot  where  D.  B.  Perry's  store  stands.  In  those  days  it  did  not  require  much 
space  to  place  all  the  goods  that  the  people  were  able  to  buy.  It  was  neces- 
sary to  have  enough  for  a  hogshead  of  New  England  rum,  several  barrels  of 
gin  and  brandy  and  kegs  of  other  liquors,  with  molasses,  salt  pork,  and  fish, 
and  a  slight  sprinkling  of  dry  goods,  such  as  a  few  pieces  of  calico  (prints), 
factory  cloth  (sheetings  and  shirtings),  and  perhaps  a  piece  of  broadcloth. 
The  circulating  medium  was  largely  shingles.  Workmen  were  obliged  to  take 
them  for  labor,  and  they  had  to  turn  them  for  groceries  and  rum,  and  it  has 
been  said  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  same  bunch  of  refuse  shingles  has  served 
the  same  man  to  buy  several  jugs  of  rum  at  several  distinct  times.  The  man 
that  got  the  rum  was  the  worst  cheated. 

The  first  barn  was  raised  in  1823  by  Isaiah  Perkins,  and  is  now  standing 
nearly  opposite  the  Methodist  church.  The  next  year  he  built  near  the  barn 
the  small  frame  house  now  owned  by  Mr  Morton.  These  two  buildings  are  the 
oldest  in  the  village.  It  was  said  that  it  took  an  immense  amount  of  rum  and 
two  days  to  raise  the  barn.  In  a  few  years  Isaiah  Perkins  bought  out  his 
brother  and  Farris,  and  became  almost  the  sole  owner  of  the  land  around  the 
Falls.  The  first  dwelling  on  Poland  side  was  built  by  Luther  Perkins,  about 
where  the  Grand  Trunk  station  stands,  but  the  first  frame  house  was 
erected  by  Mr  Merrill  on  the  site  of  The  Elms.  It  now  stands  directly  north 
on  Lewiston  street,  and  is  occupied  by  M.  S.  Andrews. 

From  1823  to  1836  very  few  good  dwellings  were  built.  The  people  were 
generall)^  poor,  and  the  business  was  confined  entirely  to  lumbering.  The 
lumber  was  hauled  to  Portland  and  Yarmouth  to  market  by  ox-teams.  About 
that  time  men  of  more  means  began  to  buy  land  and  move  in,  and  the  place 
showed  signs  of   life  and  growth.      Capt.  Jacob    Dwinal,  his  brother,  Isaac, 


Town  of  Minot.  781 


Nathaniel  Cushman,  Samuel  F.  Waterman,  Deacon  Joseph  Hall,  Salmon 
Hackett,  John  Valentine,  C!apt.  Charles  Alden,  Albert  Valentine  were  among 
the  number,  and  they  all  built  good,  comfortable  homes,  and  became  permanent 
citizens,  remaining  here  until  they  died,  with  the  exception  of  Captain  Alden, 
who  moved  to  Bangor,  Deacon  Hall,  who  lives  in  Illinois,  and  A.  Valentine, 
who  now  lives  here.     The  most  of  them  have  children  living  in  the  village. 

Albert  Valentine  came  from  Westbrook  about  1838  and  went  into  general 
merchandise  near  the  depot.  Within  one  year  he  moved  to  the  Minot  side, 
and  in  1810  was  married  to  Miss  Hannah  Foss,  by  Rev.  Zenas  Thompson,  who 
remained  over  the  Sabbath  and  preached,  probably,  the  first  Universalist 
sermon  in  the  village.  About  that  time  William  Cobb,  from  Hebron,  joined 
Mr  Valentine  in  trade  until  1849,  when  Mr  Valentine  took  the  California  fever, 
spent  several  years  digging  the  yellow  metal  with  fair  success,  returned,  and 
was  in  the  employ  of  J.  A.  Bucknam  &  Co.  for  more  than  20  years.  He  was  an 
honest,  faithful  man.  He  and  his  wife  mutually  enjoyed  life  and  a  well-earned, 
honorable  reputation  until  her  death  in  July,  1891. 

Capt.  Jacob  Dwinal,  a  well-to-do  farmer  and  speculator,  moved  from  Dwinal 
hill  about  183t),  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land,  and  built  a  nice  house  for  the 
times,  and  a  store,  and  went  into  trade,  employing  Samuel  F.  Waterman  as 
manager.  He  also  traded  largely  in  lumber  and  cattle,  and  was  financially  the 
most  successful  man,  up  to  his  death  in  1851  at  the  age  of  58,  of  any  man  in 
the  village;  probabl}'^  he  was  the  wealthiest  man  in  town.  He  left  a  wife  and 
nine  children.  His  widow  died  within  the  last  year,  over  90  years  old.  Three 
sons  and  one  daughter  are  now  residing  in  the  village.  Oliver  B.  and  Charles 
H.  are  successful  merchants  and  dealers  in  real  estate';  Major  F.  E.  is  post- 
master. He  earned  the  title  of  major  in  the  actual  service  of  his  country. 
The  eldest  daughter  married  W.  W.  Waterman,  Esq.,  of  Poland,  and  resided 
here  a  large  portion  of  her  life,  and  died  this  year,  greatly  beloved  and 
respected.  Winfield  C,  the  second  boy,  was  a  very  successful  business  man. 
He  was  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  cemetery,  and,  dying  in  1879,  was  the 
first  man  to  be  buried  in  it.  Isaac  Dwinal,  son  of  the  early  Jacob,  came  from 
Hebron  about  1836,  was  a  farmer  and  speculator,  built  a  hotel,  and  opened  a 
store  where  J.  C.  Walker's  store  now  is,  and  was  in  trade  until  his  death,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Alexander  B.,  who  later  exchanged  merchandising 
for  farming. 

The  Village  mid  Its  Business.  —  Mechanic  Falls  is  located  in  Poland  and 
Minot,  on  each  side  of  the  Little  Androscoggin  river,  36|  miles  from  Portland  on 

lO.  B.  &  W.  C.  Dwinal  commenced  trade  soon  after  their  father's  death  in  the  same  store.  The 
firm  has  been  O.  B.  &  C.  H.  Dwinal  since  1882.  They  do  an  annual  business  of  about  $20,000.  From 
1870  they  have  dealt  in  real  estate,  and  own  a  large  number  of  village  lots,  stores,  shops,  dwellings, 
etc.  O.  B.  Dwinal  has  held  many  important  positions  and  has  been  collector  of  taxes  for  12  years. 
C.  H.  Dwinal  has  been  representative,  town  clerk  10  years,  and  town  treasurer  for  many  years. 


782  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the  Portland  and  Rumford  Falls 
Railroad,  is  from  200  to  300  feet  above  tide-water,  and  contains  more  than 
2,000  inhabitants.  It  has  over  400  scholars,  seven  schools,  and  three  school- 
houses  ;  six  paper-mills,  one  shoe  manufactory,  with  capacity  of  40  to  50  cases  per 
day,  owned  by  citizens  and  run  by  J.  Harris  &  Sons;  one  clothing  manufactory, 
capacity  of  100,000  garments  a  year,  owned  and  managed  by  J.  A.  Bucknam  & 
Co.'  (E.  A.  Gammon) ;  machine  shop  and  foundry,  owned  and  managed  by  J.  W. 
Penney  &  Sons,^  employing  from  10  to  20  hands;  one  steam  saw-mill  and 
lumber  yard,  owned  and  managed  by  George  O.  Goodwin  &  Co.,  capacity  one 
million  feet  per  year ;  one  corn  factory  with  wood-working  machinery,  owned  and 
managed  by  John  Hanscom;  two  blacksmith  shops,  owned  and  run  by  E.  A. 
Sanders  and  J.  W.  Whitman;  two  carriage  shops,  John  Donham  and  L. 
Edgecomb;  one  laundry,  F.  H.  McDonald;  one  toothpick  factory,  Ernest 
Harris;  two  hotels,  P.  R.  Cobb^  and  A.  V.  Edie,  both  temperance;  one 
boarding  house,  Libby;  four  livery  stables.  Waterman  &  Jordan,  James  Nason, 
N.  H.  Nelson,  Hiram  Perkins;  one  confectionery  factory  and  bakery,  M.  N. 
Royal  &  Bro.;  two  restaurants,  Mr  Pooler  and  Mrs  Libby;  one  builder's  and 
contractor's  shop  and  lumber  yard,  owned  and  managed   by  A.  J.  Weston ; 

iOld  Employes. — Frank  R.  HarDion,  when  32  years  of  age,  in  February,  18G4,  joined  the  cavalry 
force  of  the  U.  S.  Army  to  put  down  the  Rebellion,  and  did  his  duty  as  a  faithful  soldier.  In  1872  he 
began  work  for  J.  A.  Bucknam  in  his  mills,  near  Mechanic  Falls,  and  remained  with  him  till  he 
closed  the  business.  From  that  time  he  has  been  a  faithful  workman  in  the  clothing  factory.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion  a  Universalist.  George  W.  Bobbins,  son  of  Calvin  Robbins, 
was  born  in  Buckfield  in  1843,  entered  the  military  service  in  1862  as  a  nine-months'  man,  and 
re-enlisted.  He  came  to  Mechanic  Falls  in  1874,  and  married  Hattie,  the  third  daughter  of  Joseph 
Bucknam.  He  has  for  many  years  been  an  efiScient  man  in  the  clothing  factory.  He  is  a  consistent 
Odd  Fellow,  Republican,  a  Universalist,  and  a  worthy  citizen. 

2  J.  W.  Penney  &  Sons. — Mr  Penney  came  from  Bangor  to  Poland  about  1856,  to  work  as  a  black- 
smith. From  1859  to  1869  he  was  a  carriage  ironer  at  Mechanic  Falls,  and  then,  with  E.  M.  Thurston, 
he  manufactured  a  wrench  of  his  invention.  He  then  opened  a  machine  shop,  and  later  was  in 
charge  of  the  repairs  of  the  Denison  Paper  Co.  In  1875  he  built  a  shop  back  of  the  factory  and  began 
to  manufacture  a  scroll-saw  of  his  invention,  which  was  in  enormous  demand,  and  employed  6  or  8 
men.  In  1880  he  built  his  machine  shop  of  two  stories,  on  Maple  street  (this  is  .33x80  feet  in  size, 
with  a  15-horhe-power  engine  and  large  boiler),  and  commenced  to  make  stationary  steam-engines 
paper-making  machinery,  etc.,  employing  six  men,  and  adding  a  foundry  in  1888.  He  was  the  pioneer 
of  electric  lighting,  introducing  it  into  his  shop  in  1889.  In  1886  the  firm  of  J.  W.  Penney  &  Sons 
was  formed.  His  sons,  Almont  R.  and  Samuel  R.,  have  been  proprietors  since  February,  1891.  From 
15  to  20  hands  are  employed,  and  an  extensive  business  is  done  in  buying  and  selling  portable  engines 
and  mill  supplies. 

^Prescott  R.  Cobb,  son  of  William,  Jr,  of  Sumner,  and  Lovicy  (Gurney)  Cobb,  of  Paris,  was  born  in 
Hebron.  His  grandfather,  William  Cobb,  came  from  Carver,  Mass.,  and  settled  in  Carthage,  then  in 
Hebron.  Mr  Cobb's  wife,  Jeanie  Donaldson,  was  born  in  Scotland.  William  Cobb,  Jr,  established 
himself  in  the  hotel  business  at  VIechanic  Falls  in  1847,  and  his  son,  Prescott  R.,  has  been  a  landlord 
here  for  many  years.  He  is  a  temperance  man  of  strong  and  sincere  convictions,  and  points  with 
pride  to  the  fact  that  he  has  never  sold  a  glass  of  intoxicating  liquor.  He  is  a  Universalist  in  religious 
preferences,  a  Republican  in  politics,  has  been  selectman  fur  three  years,  and  was  representative  in 
1885.  As  Master  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  High  Priest  of  Union  R.  A.  Chapter,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  secretary  of 
Mechanic  Falls  Manufacturing  Company,  he  has  shown  executive  and  business  ability. 


Town  of  Minot.  78^ 


two  shoemakers  and  cobblers,  John  Noyes  and  John  Cole ;  lawyers,  F.  O. 
Puiington  and  J.  M.  Libby ;  four  physicians,  E.  F.  Bradford,  Carolus  M. 
Cobb,  Charles  H.  Tobie  (allopaths),  A.  D.  Bowman  (homoeopath);  two 
dentists,  N.  S.  Marshall,  A.  W.  Butler;  one  store  with  three  departments 
(dry  goods,  groceries,  and  merchant  tailor's  shop),  owned  and  managed  by  J.  A. 
Bucknam  &  Co.;  one  dry  goods  store,  by  L.  A.  Moulton  &  Co.  (John  Curtis); 
two  clothing  and  shoe  stores,  O.  B.  &  C.  H.  Dwinal  and  A.  G.  Woodsum ; 
one  harness  shop,  George  I.  Folsom ;  three  drug  stores,  John  Walker,  Merrill 
&  Denning,  Mrs  Nancy  Holt;  four  confectioner}'^  stores,  A.  W.  Bridge,  Lewis  J. 
Morton,  Ernest  Harris,  C.  O.  Cole ;  one  hardware  store  and  coal  office,  O.  W. 
Hawkes^  &  Co.  (William  Whitney),  two  furniture  stores,  D.  B.  Perry  ^  and  J, 
S.  Merrill;  one  boot  and  shoe  store,  Frank  A.  Golderman  ;  two  jewelers,  Zenas 
Lane  and  E.  C.  Barnard;  eight  grocery  stores,  J.  A.  Bucknam  &  Co.,  F.  H. 
McDonald,  S.  T.  Rowe,  A.  G.  Tinkham  &  Co.,  I.  F.  McCann  &  Co.,  G.  G. 
Bridgham,  I.  A.  Denison,  S.  S.  Waterhouse ;  one  millinery  store,  Sarah  C. 
Thayer  &  Co. 

The  Masons'  Mutual  Relief  Association  was  organized  February  6,  1875. 
It  had  27  charter  members,  and  J.  M.  Eveleth,  M.D.,  was  chosen  president, 
and  J.  S.  Merrill,  secretary.  The  association  has  paid  more  than  -1300,000  to 
widows  and  orphans.     The  officers  are  :    A.  J.  Weston,  president ;  J.  A.  Buck- 

1  Orrington  W.  Hawkes,  son  of  Jonathan  G.  and  Polly  B.  (Cushman)  Hawkes,  was  born  in  Minot, 
November  17,  1824.  His  grandparents,  Nathaniel  and  Ruth  (Bucknam)  Hawkes,  were  among  the  early- 
settlers  of  the  west  part  of  the  town.  In  1865  Mr  Hawkes  entered  the  stove  and  hardware  business  at 
Mechanic  Falls  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hawkes,  Thurston  &  Co.  In  1872  the  firm  was  chaugeei  to 
Hawkes  «fe  Whitney,  and  the  store  has  been  enlarged  to  equal  anything  in  the  county.  Mr  Hawkes 
married  (1st)  Annie  A.  K.  Hall;  she  died  in  1872,  leaving  five  children;  married  (2d)  Mary  Ellen,  a 
daughter  of  Cyrus  S.  Packard,  of  West  Auburn.  Mr  Hawkes  is  a  Republican  and  a  Universalist,  and 
has  been  clerk  of  the  Mechanic  Falls  Maple  Grove  Cemetery  Corporation  since  its  organization,  and 
one  of  its  directors  most  of  the  time. 

^Dimon  B.  Perry  is  grandson  of  Dimon  Perry  (see  page  602),  and  son  of  David  B.  Perry,  who 
married  Betsey  S.  Curtis  and  settled  in  Minot.  Children:  Dimon  B.,  Lorenzo  G.,  Nelson,  David  B., 
Persis  C.  (Mrs  E.  W.  Bird),  Izora  (Mrs  David  Thomas).  Dimon  B.  Perry  has  been  closely  connected 
with  the  business  interests  of  Mechanic  Falls  since  the  winter  of  1861-G2,  when  he  engaged  in 
photography  here.  Selling  out  in  18()7,  he  went  into  trade  on  the  Poland  side,  where  Royal  &  Co.'s 
confectionery  manufactory  is  now.  He  purchased  the  block  he  now  occupies  in  1883  and  opened  his 
present  store.  This  block  was  built  about  1850  by  Dr  Josiah  Carr  and  Alanson  Briggs  as  a  dwelling 
and  stores,  and  the  second  and  third  floors  were  occupied  by  Dr  Carr  as  a  residence  until  his  death  in 
1873.  Gerrish  Bridgham  traded  for  some  time  in  one  of  the  stores  after  it  was  built.  J.  A.  Bucknam 
&  Co.  later  traded  there,  and  Golderman  &  Cummings  had  a  clothing  store  here  for  a  time.  John  C. 
Walker  kept  a  drug  store  in  this  block  for  some  years,  and  I.  B.  Cushman  a  flour  and  grain  store  for  a 
time.  The  first  hall  in  the  village  was  in  its  upper  story,  and  Tyrian  lodge  of  Free  Masons  occupied  it 
for  fifteen  years.  A.  A.  Dwinal  Post,  G.  A.  R.  later  (and  until  1881)  occupied  it.  The  Ladies'  Chau- 
tauqua Club  has  a  reading-room  in  the  fourth  story.  The  building  is  44x60  feet  in  size,  with  four 
floors,  the  three  lower  ones  being  occupied  with  the  immense  stock  carried  by  Mr.  Perry,  except  the 
law  office  of  Hon.  J.  M.  Libby.  Mr  Perry  has  a  wide  range  of  goods — furniture,  carpets,  crockery, 
fancy  goods,  toys,  five  and  ten-cent  goods  in  great  variety,  holiday  goods  in  their  seasons,  and  well 
provided  undertaking  and  upholstering  departments. 


784  History  of  Akdroscoggin  County. 

nam,  vice-president ;  James  H.  DeCoster/  secretary  ;  E.  A.  Gammon,  treasurer ; 
J,  M.  Libby,  J.  A.  Bucknam,  P.  R.  Cobb,  finance  committee. 

The  Poland  ^  Minot  Water,  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.  is  located  at 
Mechanic  Falls ;  capital  stock,  $25,000 ;  directors,  J.  Hanscom,  Luther  Per- 
kins, A.  E.  True,  N.  Q.  Pope,  J.  M.  Libby.  J.  M.  Libby,  president ;  Luther 
Perkins,  treasurer. 

The  Mechanic  Falls  Loan  and  Building  Association,  organized  September  25, 
1890,  has  leading  citizens  in  its  management  and  is  doing  a  good  work.  D.  B. 
Perry,  president;  F.  H.  McDonald,  treasurer;  J.  H.  DeCoster,  secretary. 

The  Mecha7iic  Falls  Reading-Room  and  Library  Association,  recently  organ- 
ized, has  these  officers:  C.  M.  Cobb,  president;  H.  E.  Thurston,  Miss  M.  A. 
Hawkes,  F.  A.  Millett,  vice-presidents ;  H.  A.  Poole,  secretary ;  Edith  G.  Perry, 
treasurer. 

Mechanic  Falls  Manufacturing  Company.  —  This  was  organized  in  1883  to 
encourage  the  establishment  of  a  shoe  manufactory  here.  Oliver  B.  Dwinal 
has  been  president  from  organization,  excepting  one  year  (1889),  when  C.  E. 
Stevens  held  the  office.  The  other  officers  are :  Prescott  R.  Cobb,  secretary  ; 
O.  B.  Dwinal,  C.  E.  Stevens,  J.  A.  Bucknam,  Dimon  B.  Perry,  William  N. 
Tobie,  directors.  The  company  built  a  factory  south  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  at  a  cost  of  $15,000,  which  was  leased  to  Joseph  Harris  &  Sons,  shoe 
manufacturers  of  Marblehead,  Mass.,  who  have  occupied  it  from  its  completion. 
They  employ  230  hands. 

Harris  ^  Lee,  Toothpick  3Iamtfact\irers.  —  E.  A.  Harris,  a  native  of  Minot, 
but  who  as  a  machinist  in  the  shop  of  the  Evans  Rifle  Manufacturing  Company 
removed  to  New  York  when  that  company  removed  its  plant  thither,  and  who 
passed  several  years  in  working  on  fine  machinery  in  Boston,  New  York,  and 
Providence,  returned  to  Mechanic  Falls  in  1886  and  for  two  years  devoted 
himself  to  inventing  and  making  machinery  to  manufacture  wood  toothpicks. 
In  1888  he  began  the  manufacture  of  toothpicks,  cigar  lighters,  and  other 
novelties  in  wood.  The  firm  is  now  Harris  &  Lee.  The  power  is  given  by  a 
15-horse-power  steam  engine,  and  the  daily  product  is  25  cases  of  100  boxes 
each  containing  2,500  toothpicks.  When  in  operation  from  15  to  20  hands 
are  employed,  mostly  girls. 

Dirigo  Steam  Laundry. — This  was  established  before  1885,  when  David  B. 
Morse,  became  proprietor;  he  was  succeeded  b}''  J.  P.  Chaffin,  who  sold  in 
September,  1890,  to  F.  H.  McDonald,  who  has  enlarged  the  business  and 
connected  with  it  a  fine    bath-room.      He   receives  work   regularly  from    his 

^  James  H.  DeCoster,  son  of  Henry  and  Abigail  (Irish)  DeCoster,  was  born  in  Buckfield.  Henry 
DeCoster  was  a  native  of  Hebron,  but  moved  to  Buckfield  early  in  life.  James  married  Angela  M. 
Shaw,  of  Buckfield.  In  1861  he  enlisted  for  three  months,  was  not  assigned,  and  with  19  others  was 
discharged.  In  1865,  as  a  Republican,  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Buckfield,  and  resigned  in  1877. 
In  1880  he  came  to  Mechanic  Falls,  and  is  a  popular  citizen.  He  has  been  secretary  of  the  Masons' 
Mutual  Relief  Association  since  May,  1886. 


Town  op  Minot.  785 


agencies  in  Oxford,  Hebron,  Buckfield,  Canton,  Dixfield,  West  Paris,  South 
Paris,  Norway,  Bethel,  and  Groveton,  Stratford  and  North  Stratford,  N.  H. 
Mr  McDonald  is  a  public-minded  citizen,  has  done  good  work  in  official  posi- 
tions for  the  schools  and  the  town,  and  is  now  chairman  of  the  board  of 
selectmen. 

There  are  four  church  buildings,  all  maintaining  services  every  Sunday. 
Rev.  George  G.  Hamilton  is  pastor  of  the  Universalist  church;  preaching 
service  in  forenoon,  Sunday  school  in  the  afternoon,  lecture  or  social  meeting 
in  the  evening;  average  attendance,  forenoon,  250;  salary,  $1,100.  Rev.  Wm 
H.  Clark  is  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church ;  Sunday  services  same  as  the  Uni- 
versalists;  average  attendance,  forenoon,  60.  Rev.  Charles  F.  Parsons  is 
pastor  of  the  Methodist  church ;  Sunday  services  same  as  Universalists ; 
average  attendance,  100.  Rev.  Frederick  Newport,  pastor  of  the  Congrega- 
tionalists,  holds  the  same  Sunday  services,  and  has  an  attendance  of  about  60. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Libby  and  Mrs  J.  E.  Jordan  supply  the  Second  Advent  Church 
regularly  on  Sundays ;  average  attendance,  40.  They  set  no  particular  time 
(as  they  once  did)  for  the  second  coming  of  Christ,  bat  teach  that  it  is  to  be 
immediate.     They  hold  meetings  in  McDonald's  Hall. 

There  are  numerous  society  organizations.  For  Tyrian  Lodge  and 
Union  R.  A.  C,  F.  &  A.  M.,  see  pages  241,  244;  Monami  Lodge  and  Orion 
Encampment,  L  O.  O.^F.,  see  page  271;  A.  A.  Dwinal  Post,  G.  A.R.,  see  page 
178;  A.  J.  Pettie  Camp,  S.  of  V..  see  page  182;  W.  C.  T.  U.,  see  page  298. 
Other  Societies.  —  Knights  of  Pytliias,  St  Elmo  Lodge,  No.  55,  J.  W.  Merrill, 
C;  E.  F.  Smith,  R.  R.  S.  Knir/hts  of  Labor,  Equity  Assembly,  No.  3912, 
Norris  Greenwood,  M.  W.;  O.  C.  Bridge,  R.  S.;  United  Order  of  Grolden  Cross, 
No.  245,  Curtis  Sawyer,  N.  C;  Fred  Chaplin,  K.  of  R.  I.  0.  G.  T.,  Garfield 
Lodge,  No.  266,  A.  S.  Ellsworth,  Deputy;  D.  S.  Bailey,  C.  T.  I.  0.  R.  M., 
Osceola  Lodge,  No.  24,  D.  B.  Perry,  S. ;  O.  C.  Bridge,  C.  of  R. 

Within  the  last  three  years  an  earnest  effort  has  been  made  by  the  citizens 
of  the  village  to  be  incorporated,  in  order  to  avail  themselves  of  the  modern 
improvements,  of  electric  lights,  and  water  supply  to  extinguish  fires  and  for 
domestic  uses,  and  a  union  of  the  schools.  After  a  hard  fought  battle  in  the 
legislature  of  1889,  a  charter  was  granted,  but  it  was  so  arranged  by  the 
opposers  of  the  corporation  that  it  must  be  accepted  by  a  majority  of  each  side 
of  the  river  separately,  thereby  defeating  it  by  six  votes  on  the  Poland  side ; 
by  the  united  votes  of  both  sides,  Poland  and  Minot,  the  charter  would  have 
been  accepted  by  a  majority  of  81  votes. 

3Iinot  Corner.  —  This  was  early  a  central  point.  Moses  Emery  built  saw 
and  grist  mills  here  soon  after  the  Revolution.  The  first  ones  were  carried  off 
by  high  water,  soon  rebuilt  and  followed  by  others,  mostly  lumber  mills.  The 
power  is  good.  [See  page  43.J  When  the  mills  were  busy  in  early  days, 
Benjamin  Butler  added  a  tannery,  Isaac  Dufts  a  saddler's  shop,  and  Daniel 


786  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Cash  a  store  (the  first  in  town)  to  the  business  interests.  From  that  day  this 
has  been  a  place  of  successful  trade.  In  1815  came  Godfrey  Grosvenor, 
originally  from  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  who  was  in  large  trade  here  for  15  years  or 
more,  giving  the  place  the  name  of  Grosvenor's  Corner.  Willard  H.  Wood- 
bury was  also  in  trade  from  1820  for  ten  or  more  years.  He  was  courteous 
and  gentlemanly,  and  of  great  intelligence  and  ability.  At  a  later  date, 
Weston  F.  Milliken  had  a  store  in  the  Grosvenor  store,  but,  removing  to 
Portland,  he  was  succeeded  by  his  brother  Seth,  who  is  now  a  prominent 
merchant  of  New  York  City.  Lyman  Cousens  succeeded  Seth  Milliken,  and 
was  followed  by  William  Rounds,  whose  son  is  now  in  trade.  In  1871  Jordan 
&  Rounds  and  Z.  I.  Frank  were  merchants,  Rounds  &  Littlefield  were  making 
barrels  by  the  thousand,  Lucius  Hackett  was  "pulling  "  from  50,000  to  75,000 
pounds  of  wool  yearly,  and  there  were  two  carriage  shops  and  two  harness 
shops.  In  1891  W.  Rounds  has  a  grist-mill  and  store,  Burnham  &  Morrill  can 
corn  and  vegetables,  W.  H.  True  deals  in  carriages  and  lumber,  Andrew  R. 
Giddinge,  a  descendant  and  namesake  of  Andrew  R.  Giddinge,  of  Danville 
(see  page  713),  who  has  held  important  local  offices  with  credit,  is  the  village 
blacksmith. 

West  Minot  was  of  business  importance  early.  Capt.  John  Bridgham,  2d, 
built  a  grist-mill  over  a  hundred  years  ago  at  Faunce's  Mills,  which  soon,  being 
carried  away,  was  rebuilt  at  West  Minot.  From  this  time  trade  centered  here 
from  Hebron  and  the  surrounding  country,  and  the  Bridghams  and  others 
conducted  trade  and  other  enterprises  for  many  years.  When  Bog  Falls  was 
first  developed.  West  Minot  was  a  brisk  village.  The  land  owners,  however, 
did  not  offer  inducements  for  business  men  to  locate;  the  Bucknams  moved  to 
Mechanic  Falls,  Ara  Cushman  later  moved  to  Auburn,  and  business  languished. 
The  power  is  a  fine  one  (see  page  41),  has  been  used  since  its  first  develop- 
ment, and  runs  a  grist-mill,  built  in  1843  by  Joshua  Parsons,  now  carried  on 
by  Jeffrey  Parsons,  and  furnishes  power  for  a  carriage  manufactory.  The 
power  one-half  mile  above  is  occupied  by  F.  E.  Rowe's  saw  and  shingle  mills. 
The  other  business  men  are  James  and  A.  F.  DeCoster  and  L.  Dunham  in  the 
carriage  business;  Moses  Young,  merchant. 

The  Minot  Packhi(]  Company.  —  This  was  formed  in  1888  by  H.  E.  Thurston 
and  J.  A.  Gerry,  of  Mechanic  Falls,  and  H.  F.  Hayford  and  J.  W.  Bicknell,  of 
Canton.  They  built  a  canning  factory  at  West  Minot,  on  the  line  of  the  rail- 
road. Hayford  soon  sold  his  interest  to  the  others,  and  in  1890  Bicknell  sold 
to  Thurston  and  Gerry.  They  do  an  annual  business  of  120,000,  principally 
in  canning  sweet  corn,  of  which  150  acres  are  raised  for  them.  They  also  put 
up  a  small  amount  each  of  beans,  apples,  pumpkins,  etc.  In  1891  they  packed 
45,000  cases. 

Colonel  Joshua  Parsons,  born  at  Norway,  July  25,  179G,  located  at  West 
Minot  in  1817,  and  carried  on  carding  and  cloth  dressing  until  1843,  when  he 


Town  of  Minot.  787 


built  a  grist-mill  and  operated  it  for  many  years.  In  1819  he  married  Sybil, 
daughter  of  Captain  John  Bridgham.  Colonel  Parsons  represented  Minot  in 
1833,  and  was  elected  to  the  Maine  senate  in  1839.  He  was  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  obtained  pensions  for  many  veterans  of  the  Revolution.  He  served 
as  town  clerk,  treasurer,  and  chairman  of  tlie  board  of  selectmen.  He  was  a 
Whig  in  politics  until  tlie  death  of  that  party,  when  he  became  a  Democrat. 
He  was  a  Universalist,  honest  in  his  transactions,  and  lived  an  exemplary  life. 
He  died  in  Auburn,  October  13,  1884.  Among  his  children  were  Solomon, 
John  W.,  Jeffrey,  Elizabeth,  and  Ann  C. 

Grideoti  Bearce,  son  of  Daniel  and  Sylvinia  Bearce,  was  born  in  what  is  now 
Hebron,  in  Oxford  county.  He  is  seventh  in  descent  from  Austin  Bearce, 
who  came  from  Southampton,  England,  in  the  Ship  Confidence  to  Barnstable, 
Mass.,  April  24,  1638,  the  paternal  line  being  Austin,^  James,^  John,^  Gideon,"* 
Gideon,^  Daniel,*^  Gideon,'^  and  the  maternal  line,  Austin,^  James,^  John,^  Asa,* 
Asa,  Jr,^  Sylvinia,-'  and  Gideon.'  Gideon^  and  Asa,  Jr,^  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  this  section,  and  Asa,  Jr,  was  a  prominent  man  in  affairs, 
and  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen  for  many  years.  Gideon  has  suc- 
ceeded to  his  grandfather's  place  in  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  townsmen, 
few  men  in  Minot  having  held  more  positions  of  public  trust.  He  has  been 
town  treasurer,  clerk  in  1860-61-62-63-64-65,  1869-70-71-72-73-74-75-76; 
selectman  in  1882-83-84-85-86 ;  has  represented  the  towns  of  Minot  and 
Poland  in  the  legislature ;  has  been  postmaster  at  West  Minot  for  several 
years,  and  has  held  many  other  offices.  Mr  Bearce  has  been  a  merchant 
at  West  Minot,  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  a  Universalist  in  religious  pref- 
erences. With  great  love  for  the  study  of  nature,  he  has  a  large  and  valuable 
mineralogical  collection,  the  result  of  his  devotion  to  that  branch  of  science. 

Some  of  Minot' s  Principal  Farmers  from  ISJfO. —  West  Minot.  —  Isaiah 
Woodman,  Mellen  Woodman;  John  Woodman,  Sullivan  Woodman;  Cyrus 
King :  Ara  Cushman  (father  of  Ara,  the  shoe  manufacturer),  Thomas  Cush- 
man;  Thomas,  Edmund,  VV.  G.  and  Charles  R.  Millett  (four  generations),  all 
successful  farmers ;  Gerrish  Bridgham,  his  successor,  Jason  Hilborn,  and  son  ; 
Cyrus  Bridgham,  his  sons,  Cyrus,  Henry,  and  George ;  Asa  Bearce,  his  son, 
Asa  (school  teacher  and  farmer),  their  successor,  Mr  Bean  ;  Amos  Harris,  his 
son,  Hiram,  and  grandsons,  John  and  Amos;  David  and  William  Patch; 
William  Crooker;  Comfort  Crooker  and  son,  Willard;  Abner  Chase  (farmer  and 
teacher)  ;  Edmund  Cliase  (said  to  be  the  oldest  Mason  in  the  county)  and  son, 
Joseph  W. ;  Charles  Mood}',  his  son,  Charles,  and  John  Foss  ;  Charles  Atkin- 
son succeeds  his  father,  Charles,  on  same  farm  ;  Joshua  F.  Sawyer  succeeds 
his  father,  M.  P.  Sawyer.  Minot  Corner.  —  William  Hackett  and  Edward 
Hackett;  Daniel  Freeman;  Nathan  Downing  and  son,  N.  P.  Downing;  Mr 
Bartlett,  a  worthy  man,  who  raised  large  crops  of  corn,  and  always  sold  it  for 


788  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


just  one  dollar  a  bushel  and  no  more,  regardless  of  the  market  price. i 
Mechanic  Falls.  —  Lorenzo  Merrill,  George  and  William,  his  sons,  made  money 
on  one  of  the  best  farms  in  town;  Simon  Pottle,  son  of  Moses;  Isaiah 
Perkins,  who  cleared  up  the  land  around  the  falls,  and  his  son,  Hiram ; 
Jacob  Dwinal;  Isaac  Currier  and  son,  J.  W.;  Jonathan  G.  Hawkes,  a  success- 
ful farmer  on  the  best  farm  in  Minot,  his  sons,  Edward,  Orrington  W.,  and 
Silenus  A^.,  became  merchants,  Jesse  Turner,  now  occupies  the  farm.  Centre 
(noiv  East)  Minot.  —  James  E.  Washburn,  his  own  successor,  and  a  success; 
Marshall  Washburn  and  his  successor,  S.  J.  M.  Perkins;  Stillman  Shaw, 
farmer  and  politician ;  E.  N.  Nelson,  a  leading  orchardist,  an  officer  of  Maine 
Pomological  Society,  did  much  to  improve  varieties  and  the  quality  of 
orchards  in  this  section.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Elijah  Jones,  and 
died  in  March,  1891. 

1  Charles  H.  Martin,  one  of  the  agriculturists  of  Minot,  is  son  of  William  H.  and  Mary  (Harvey) 
Martin,  and  a  native  of  Atkinson.  He  is  a  descendant  of  John  Martin,  the  emigrant,  who  served  as 
drum-major  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and,  after  the  war,  settled  at  Cape  Elizabeth.  Isaac  Martin, 
grandfather  of  Charles  H.,  was  a  paymaster  in  the  War  of  1812.  Mr  Martin  served  his  country  in  the 
Civil  War  as  a  member  of  Co.  D,  23d  Me.  He  is  a  Methodist  in  his  religious  preferences,  a  Good 
Templar,  a  Patron  of  Husbandry,  and  has  been  master  of  JNIinot  Centre  Grange. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCH. 

JOSIAH    A.    BUCKNAM. 


JOSIAH  APPLETON  BUCKNAM,  son  of  Calvin  and  Zilpha  (Barrows) 
Bucknam,  was  born  March  21,  1821,  on  the  ancestral  acres  in  Hebron, 
and  lived  on  the  homestead,  working  on  the  farm  and  in  mills  during 
his  minority.  His  education  was  attendance  at  summer  schools  until  he  was 
nine  years  old,  at  winter  schools  until  he  was  19,  and  one  term  at  Hebron 
Academy.  He  taught  the  school  of  fifty  scholars  in  his  home  district  the 
winter  before  he  was  of  age,  receiving  $13  a  month,  and  later  taught  in  the 
Chase  district  and  other  schools  with  success.  The  next  summer  he  went  to 
Massachusetts  and  earned  '|63  by  three  months'  labor  in  a  brick-yard.  Before 
he  was  of  age  he  had  acquired  some  money  in  a  peculiar  way.  The  man  from 
whom  he  was  named  gave  him  a  dog;  trading  it  for  a  sheep,  he  put  this  out 
to  double,  and  the  increase  by  repeated  doublings  produced  from  $80  to  $90. 
This  thrifty  accumulation  reveals  the  strong  business  element  in  Mr  Bucknam, 
and  it  was  in  the  nature  of  things  that.  May  16,  1843,  he  should  take  his 
limited  capital  to  Portland  and  purchase  dry  goods  to  fill  an  old-fashioned 
one-horse  peddler's  cart,  which  he  drove  that  season,  through  Cumberland  and 


'^'^■^anusJlfl^ii  Sons.TfiUey. 


^^^*^ 


Town  of  Minot.  789 


Oxford  counties,  with  fair  success.  In  the  fall  his  brother,  Joseph,  who  had 
established  a  store  at  West  Minot  in  1842,  offered  him  a  partnership,  which  he 
accepted,  and  formed  the  firm  of  J.  &  J.  A.  Bucknam.  They  continued  in 
trade  in  a  small  way  until  1847,  when  they  purchased  the  store  of  Deacon 
Joseph  Hall  and  Ezra  Mitchell  at  Mechanic  Falls,  and  began  trade  on  the  site 
of  the  brick  store  of  J.  A.  Bucknam  &  Co.  They  commenced,  in  1843,  the 
manufacture  of  men's  cowhide  boots  and  women's  kid  shoes  at  West  Minot, 
which  was  continued  until  1850  at  Mechanic  Falls.  The  store  at  AVest  Minot 
was  conducted  until  1848.  Business  was  then  brisk  at  Mechanic  Falls.  The 
railroad  had  arrived,  making  it  a  centre  of  trade  for  a  large  section,  and  the 
Bucknams  rented  the  hotel  (now  Hawkes  &  Whitney's  store)  and  ran  that 
two  years  as  well  as  their  store  and  shoe  factory.  When  the  railroad  was 
opened  further  a  financial  depression  occurred  at  the  Falls.  This  caused 
Joseph  to  sell  out  in  1852  to  J.  A.,  who  abandoned  the  shoe  business  and 
added  a  custom-clothing  department  to  his  store.  This  was  in  charge  of 
Augustus  Golderman,  an  excellent  tailor,  and  an  honest  and  faithful  workman, 
who  conducted  it  until  1863,  when  he  raised  a  company  for  the  Union  army. 
In  1854  the  making  of  sales  work  was  commenced,  to  give  employment  to 
people  that  they  might  have  means  to  purchase  goods.  Only  two  men  were 
employed  at  first  in  the  shop,  and  the  work  was  sent  out  to  families.  All 
sewing  was  done  by  hand,  as  there  were  no  machines.  The  business  increased 
rapidly,  and  even  the  panic  year  of  1857  was  a  very  prosperous  one.  In  1882 
it  was  removed  from  the  small  building  where  it  was  established  to  the  building 
now  occupied,  where  80  hands  are  employed  in  preparing  the  work  to  go  to 
Boston,  and  800  people  in  a  circle  of  50  miles  diameter  are  on  its  pay-roll.  In 
1862  Mr  Bucknam  formed  the  firm  of  J.  A.  Bucknam  &  Cobb,  by  admitting 
Francis  H.  Cobb  as  a  partner.  Two  years  later  H.  L.  Jones  became  a  partner, 
and  the  firm  name  became  Bucknam,  Cobb  &  Co.  In  1869  Mr  Bucknam 
purchased  Cobb's  interest,  and  reorganized  the  firm  by  admitting  Charles  H. 
Dwinal,  Joseph  and  William  B.  Bucknam  as  members,  changing  the  title  to 
J.  A.  Bucknam  &  Co.  Joseph  Bucknam  died  in  August,  1870,  and  in  1871  E. 
Adrian  Gammon,  who  had  been  a  clerk  since  April  1,  1864,  purchased  Mr 
Jones's  interest.  In  1879  Mr  Bucknam  and  Mr  Gammon  bought  out  the 
other  partners  and  have  since  conducted  the  business.  The  brick  store  was 
built  in  1866,  and  occupied  in  February,  1867 ;  the  grocery  department  was 
added  in  1869,  and  the  annual  business  amounts  to  -$100,000.  In  1868  Mr 
Bucknam  purchased  the  privilege  at  Page's  Mills,  and  improved  it  by  grist  and 
saw-mills,  and  a  box  and  trunk  factory.  Here  20  to  80  men  were  employed 
until  1879.     The  power  has  been  unused  for  10  years. 

Mr  Bucknam  was  originally  a  Democrat,  but  when  that  party  divided  on  a 
local  issue  of  temperance  he  voted  the  temperance  ticket  for  governor,  and 
became  a  Republican  when  that  party  was  formed,  and  now  classes  himself  as 


790  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


an  independent  Republican.  He  has  been  an  able  local  worker  in  politics,  a 
frequent  delegate  to  conventions,  and  town  treasurer  and  representative.  He 
has  ever  been  a  pronounced  temperance  man  and  a  member  of  all  active 
temperance  organizations.  He  has  been  a  Free  Mason  since  1858,  and  an  Odd 
Fellow  since  1876.  Although  educated  in  the  Baptist  faith,  he  is  an  ardent 
Universalist,  believing  "that  good,  at  last,  will  come  to  all,"  and  has  given 
time  and  means  freely  to  the  advancement  of  that  faith.  He  is  frequently  a 
delegate  to  state  and  national  Universalist  conventions,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the 
Universalist  State  Convention.  He  married  Nancy  Judson  Glover,  who  died 
May  19,  1886.  (She  was  born  in  Hebron  and  was  a  descendant  in  the  seventh 
generation  from  George  Barrows,  whose  posterity  has  done  so  much  in 
building  and  sustaining  Hebron  Academy.)  They  had  three  sons,  Judson 
J.,  Edward  H.  Chapin  (died  August  13,  1891),  and  Charles  W.  The  sur- 
viving sons  are  residents  of  Mechanic  Falls.  Mr  Bucknam  occupies  a  high 
position  in  the  esteem  of  the  people,  and  has  been  a  leader  in  building  up  and 
sustaining  the  march  of  improvement  in  his  section.  We  can  best  close  this 
sketch  by  giving  these  extracts  from  Mr  Bucknam's  diary  and  his  accompanying 
remarks. 

March  21,  1840.  I  am  twenty-five  years  old  to-day!  A  quarter  of  a  century  ! !  One-half  of  a  middle- 
aged  man's  life  has  passed  away,  and  what  have  I  accomplished  ?  Have  I  done  any  good  ?  Can  any 
one  say  that  I  have  benefited  him  or  her?  Have  I  made  any  advance  toward  the  end  for  which  I  was 
created  ?  I  dare  not  venture  an  answer.  But  whether  I  have  or  no,  I  am  determined  that  I  will  try, 
henceforth.  "Will  try,"  shall  be  my  motto.  Feb.  9,  1849.  This  writing  witnesseth  that  I  have  this 
day  resolved  that  the  habit  of  smoking  tobacco  is  injurious  to  both  body  and  mind,  therefore  will  use 
no  more,  unless  it  is  made  to  appear  for  my  benefit.  (It  never  so  appeared.)  In  1851  I  joined  the 
Temperance  Watchman  Club  and  pledged  myself  to  total  abstinence  from  all  intoxicants.  Jan.  1, 
1853,  I  wrote  in  my  diary,  I  promise  to  bestow  one-tenth  of  my  actual  gain,  the  ensuing  year,  on 
benevolent  objects.  I  have  renewed  this  from  year  to  year  to  the  present  time.  I  have  faithfully  kept 
all  these  pledges  and  firmly  believe  that  whatever  of  success  has  attended  my  life,  that  these  have 
largely  contributed  to  it. 


Town  of  Durham.  791 


DURHAM. 


CHAPTER   XLVII. 

Derivation  of  Name  — Boundaries  —  Surface  and  Soil  —  Royalsborougfh — First  Planta- 
tion Meeting — Extracts  from  Plantation  Records — ^Plantation  Committees — Incorporation 
of  Durham — First  Town  Meeting— Extracts  from  Town  Records  —  War  of  1812  — 
Rebellion  —  Civil  List. 

DURHAM  probably  takes  its  name  from  the  county  of  that  name  in  England, 
once  the  residence  of  the  Royall  family.  It  lies  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
county,  is  bounded  by  Lisbon  on  the  north,  Topsham  and  Brunswick  on  the 
east,  Pownal  on  the  south,  and  Auburn  and  New  Gloucester  on  the  west.  It 
has  an  area  of  about  18,000  acres,  and  comprises  the  territory  of  the  early 
settled  Plantation  of  Ro3'alsborough,  a  part  of  the  Pejepscot  Purchase.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  with  a  slope  in  the  north  towards  the  river.  The  soil  in 
the  most  part  is  well  adapted  to  farming.  The  extreme  southern  and  a  part  of 
the  northern  portion  is  measurably  rocky.  The  central  part  is  generally 
sandy,  while  in  all  parts  are  intervals  well  adapted  to  the  production  of  hay. 
In  the  southern  and  western  portion  are  large  peat  bogs.  In  1766  the 
Pejepscot  proprietors  voted  that  lands  be  laid  out  and  cleared  in  the  Planta- 
tion of  Royalsborough  and  a  log  house  be  built  to  accommodate  settlers.  In 
1768  they  laid  out  a  "  New  Township  to  be  called  Royalsborough."  March  3, 
1768,  Jonathan  Bagley,  Belcher  Noyes,  and  Moses  Little  were  chosen  to  brino- 
forward  the  settlement  and  procure  settlers.  The  plantation  took  its  name 
from  Colonel  Isaac  Royall,  one  of  the  proprietors.^  The  early  settlers  needed 
nerve  and  endurance.  As  the  town  was  an  unbroken  forest,  they  suffered 
many  privations  and  hardships.  The  first  year  provisions  were  so  scarce  that 
though  they  had  money  they  were  unable  to  purchase  food,  and  berries  formed 
a  large  portion  of  their  living.  If  any  chanced  to  get  provisions  by  the  chase 
or  otherwise,  they  would  blow  a  horn  to  call  their  distant  neighbors  and  share 
with  them.  The  nearest  mill  was  at  North  Yarmouth.  When  corn  was 
procurable  it  was  taken  in  a  bag  upon  the  shoulders  to  be  ground,  the  path 

iHe  emigrated  to  America  from  England  in  1738,  with  liis  parents,  to  Medford,  Mass.  Colonel 
Royall  owned  shares  in  the  Pejepscot  purchase,  amounting  to  about  3,000  acres  in  the  southwest  part  of 
Durham.  He  inherited  a  large  estate  in  Medford.  He  gave  2,000  acres  of  land  to  Harvard  College  in 
order  to  found  a  professorship  of  law.  In  1815  the  professorship  was  established  with  Hon.  Isaac 
Parker  as  the  first  "Royall  Professor  of  Law."  For  22  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Governor's 
Council  in  Massachusetts.  Colonel  Royall  was  an  officer  of  the  Crown,  and  was  held  in  great  esteem 
in  Medford.    In  177(5  he  returned  to  England,  where  he  died  in  1781. 


792  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

being  kept  by  marked  trees.  Capt.  O.  Israel  Bagley  subsequently  put  up 
a  wind-mill  for  grinding  corn  on  the  hill  back  of  where  Charles  Bliss  lives, 
which  was  of  great  advantage  to  the  people. 

The  First  Plantation  Meeting  was  held  February  24,  1774,  "in  order  to 
Consult  upon  some  method  for  Entring  into  some  order  in  said  Town."  Quite 
a  settlement  occupied  this  territory,  and  Brunswick  claimed  control  and 
collected  taxes.  Major  Charles  Gerrish  came  to  Portland  in  1748  and  with 
his  wife,  Mary,  and  children,  William,  Charles,  and  Nathaniel,  is  said  to  have 
settled  in  Royalsborough  in  1752.  Whether  he  was  the  sole  settler  until  after 
the  French  and  Indian  War  is  now  unknown.  Judah  Chandler  in  1773  had 
built  a  saw-mill  and  house  and  had  a  clearing.  In  1774  and  1775  the 
inhabitants  were  Capt.  Charles,  William  and  Nathaniel  Gerrish,  Josiah  Day, 
Josiah  Dunn,  Charles  Hill,  Thomas  Coffin,  O.  Israel  Bagley,  John  Cushing, 
John  Dane  or  Dean,  Ezekiel  Jones,  John  Getchell,  Nathan  Lewis,  Samuel  York, 
Ichabod  Frost,  Samuel  Clough,  Hugh  Getchell,  Joshua  Babb,  Edmond  Lane, 
Michael  Dyer,  John  Randall,  Stephen  Hart,  Benjamin  Vining,  Joshua  Strout, 
Stephen  Chase,  Baltherder  Ring,  and  perhaps  others.  So  it  is  evident  that 
"some  order"  should  be  arranged  for.  The  "Plantation  record"  covers  from 
1774  to  1786.  At  the  first  meeting  Josiah  Dunn  was  chosen  moderator, 
Charles  Hill,  Esq.,  clerk,  Charles  Hill,  Esq.,  and  Mr  Thomas  Coffin  "wardeans," 
O.  Israel  Bagley,  William  Gerrish,  and  Ste[)hen  Chase  "a  Committy  for  viewing 
a  ministerial  lot,"  etc.  February  15,  1775,  action  was  taken  concerning  a 
meeting-house  lot  and  grave-yard.  September  15,  1777,  Josiah  Dunn,  Benjamin 
Vining,  Ebenezer  Bobbins,  and  Charles  Hill  were  chosen  as  a  committee  of 
correspondence,  inspection  and  safety,  and  empowered  to  defend  the  plantation 
against  usurpations  of  Brunswick.  Nine  good  men  served  the  plantation  in 
the  Revolution — Isaac  Davis,  Isaac  Turner,  Charles  and  Nathaniel  Gerrish, 
John  Vining,  Eben  Woodbury,  John  Mcintosh,  Elisha  Lincoln,  Nathan  Lewis, ^ 
and  it  was  voted  "  to  Purch  some  Corn  to  Suply  the  women  whose  Husbands 
are  gon  in  the  army  for  a  sertain  prise."  In  January,  1778,  "voted  to  ask  the 
General  Court  to  take  off  the  taxes  laid  by  Brunswick  in  1776  and  1777. 
Benjamin  Vining  was  chosen  agent  and  £16  L.  M.  voted  for  his  expenses.  A 
"legal  town  meeting"  was  held  March  30,  1778,  and  it  was  voted  to  pay 
Charles  Hill  and  Benjamin  Vining  for  about  nine  acres  of  land  that  they 
purchased  of  Mr  John  Deans  for  burying-yard  and  meeting-house  lot.  July 
29  voted  "to  pay  those  men  that  provide  clothing  for  the  soldiers  that  are  gone 
in  Continental  army  what  cost  they  are  at  if  the  Court  will  not  pay  for  them," 
also  to  raise  £150  for  town  charges.  In  November,  1779,  £600  was  voted  to 
defray  town  charges,  £70  to  Benjamin  Vining  for  land  for  meeting-house,  etc. 
It  was  further  voted  "to  pay  each  soldier  that  went  to  Penobscot  £75  L.  M., 

1  Voted  in  1782  "to  pay  Nathan  Lewis  the  Bounty  agreed  on."    He  is  "  to  return  himself  to  Boston 
upon  the  risque  of  the  town." 


Town  of  Durham.  793 


to  set  up  a  meeting  house  the  same  bigness  of  Brunswick  meeting-house  by 
July  1st."'  March  16,  1780,  voted  to  have  school  this  year  and  to  move  the 
school  according  to  polls;  also  to  raise  £600  for  town  expenses.  January  16, 
1781,  "voted  to  give  the  two  men  that  shall  goe  in  Continental  army  $20 
bounty  and  $10  wages  a  month."  1782,  November  29,  voted  to  return  Samuel 
Wage  as  a  soldier  and  contest  Amesbury's  claims  for  him.  Elijah  Douglass, 
John  Getchell,  and  Hugh  Getchell  were  chosen  to  lay  out  roads  wherever 
needed  in  the  eastern  part,  and  William  Megray,  William  Gerrish,  and  Joseph 
Davis  to  lay  out  roads  wherever  necessary  for  the  town.  $100  silver  was  to 
be  paid  for  school,  and  a  teacher  to  be  hired,  and  a  school-house  built  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  town.  In  1783  voted  to  have  three  months'  preaching,  and 
"that  all  the  sleds  in  this  town  shall  Bee  foer  feet  Beten  Jyents,  and  aney  man 
Be  found  or  sleding  with  a  slead  of  Leas  weadth  than  that  a  Bove  meonech 
shall  Bee  Liable  to  fine  of  twenty  shillings  fine."  1781,  voted  not  to  hire  any 
preacher,  to  have  school  three  months  "this  winter,"  not  to  be  incorporated. 
In  1785,  voted  to  have  three  months'  preaching.  In  1786  it  was  again  voted 
^'- not  to  be  incorporated."  "In  the  Plantation  of  Royallsborough"  committees 
were  chosen  instead  of  selectmen  :  1774,  O.  Israel  Bagley,  William  Gerrish, 
Stephen  Chase.  1778,  O.  Israel  Bagley,  Charles  Hill,  William  Gerrish.  1779, 
O.  Israel  Bagle}',  Jonathan  Armstrong,  Joshua  Strout.  1780,  Jonathan  Arm- 
strong, Joshua  Strout,  Nathaniel  Gerrish.  1781,  O.  Israel  Bagley,  Ebeuezer 
Newell,  John  Crehill.  1782,  O.  Israel  Bagley,  Josiah  Day,  Ebenezer  Newell. 
1783,  Joseph  Davis,  John  Gushing,  Benjamin  Vining.  1781,  John  Gushing, 
Benjamin  Vining,  Josiah  Day.  1785,  John  Gushing,  Caleb  Estes,  Benjamin 
Vining.  1786,  Meather  Duren,  John  Gushing,  Hugh  Getchell.  From  1774  to 
1777,  Charles  Hill  was  clerk;  Benjamin  Vining  from  1778  to  1786. 

A  petition  for  incorporation  as  Sharon,  or,  if  there  was  any  otlier  town  by  that  name,  Bristol,  signed 
by  Jolm  Cashing,  Israel  Bagley,  Ebenezer  Newell,  Joshua  Strout,  and  Jonathan  Currier,  was  sent  to 
the  General  Court,  February  4,  1788,  and  the  town  of  Darham  was  incorporated  February  17,  1789,  tlie 
()9th  town,  with  a  population  of  about  700.  The  first  town-meeting  was  held  March  17,  1789  Samuel 
Merrill  was  chosen  moderator;  Ebenezer  Newell,  clerk;  John  Cushing,  Nathaniel  Gerrish,  and 
Thomas  Fisher,  selectmen.  April  6  voted  to  build  a  pound  .30  feet  square  inside  and  eight  feet  high. 
Voted  to  raise  £45  for  support  of  schools,  £18  for  the  support  of  the  Gospel,  and  £12  for  other  town 
charges.  July  20  £100  voted  for  repair  of  highways  the  present  year.  1790,  March  22,  voted  to  build 
five  school-houses,  one  on  Charles  (4errish's  land,  one  on  Aaron  Osgood's  land,  one  on  the  county 
road  near  the  road  leading  to  Michah  Dyer's,  one  near  the  Friends'  meeting-house,  and  one  on  Hugh 
Getchell's  land.  April  5  £52  raised  for  schooling,  £18  for  "  to  bier  the  Gospel  preached,"  and  £15  for 
other  town  charges.  1791,  May  4,  voted,  21  to  0,  that  the  District  of  Maine  be  set  off  into  a  separate 
state.  1792,  Ar)ril  2,  £30  raised  for  support  of  schools.  1794,  August  14,  voted  £12.6  to  purchase  a 
stock  of  warlike  stores.  August  28  voted  to  pay  the  soldiers  under  Capt.  Bagley  .'$10  per  month  if 
called  into  service.  1795,  May  6,  £'!0  raised  for  schooling,  £130  for  repairing  higliways.  1808,  April  4, 
John  Collins,  Isaac  Davis,  and  .Joseph  Knight  were  appointed  to  run  the  town  line.  August  29  voted 
to  concur  witli  Boston  and  other  towns  in  a  petition  to  tlie  President  of  the  United  States  for  the 
suspension  of  the  embai-go.  November  7  voted  to  purcliase  a  town  stock  of  powder,  balls,  flints,  and 
camp  kettles,  and  .$128.25  were  voted  for  that  purpose.  1.S09,  February  6,  voted  to  request  the  General 
Court  to  take  measures  for  a  repeal  of  the  several  embargo  laws.  .Jonathan  Strout,  John  Collins, 
Israel  Currier,  John  Converse,  Josiah  Burnham,  Joshua  Miller,  Meshach  Purinton,  George  Gerrish,  Jr 


794  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


and  William  Newell  were  appointed  a  committee  of  safety  to  correspond  with  committees  from 
other  towns.  1811,  November  14,  $120  was  voted  to  buy  a  town  stock  of  ammunition  and  to  build  a 
powder-house. 

IVca-  of  1812. — There  were  eight  volunteers  from  Durham  —  Captain  Nathaniel  Bragdon,  William 
Roak,  William  Weeks,  Theophilus  Knight,  Ezekiel  Mcintosh,  Asa  Lambert,  John  Nason,  Jarvis  Beal. 
The  Durham  militia  was  called  to  Bath  and  was  on  duty  as  coast  guard  less  than  a  month. 

1814,  September  3,  voted  to  raise  $500  to  defray  the  expenses  for  rations  and  powder,  and  the  fine 
upon  the  Minot  road.  181G,  May  20,  voted,  45  yeas  to  44  nays,  that  the  legislature  be  requested  to  give 
its  consent  to  the  separation  of  the  district  of  Maine  from  Massachusetts.  1819,  December  6,  the  town 
was  divided  into  1.3  school  districts.  1820,  April  15,  Josiah  Burnham,  Alvan  Robinson,  John  Rucker, 
Secomb  Jordan,  and  Thomas  Freeman  were  directed  to  petition  the  legislature  to  abolish  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  and  substitute  a  court  of  equity  in  each  town.  1822,  May  6,  voted  to  give  $5  bounty  on 
wild  cat  heads  the  ensuing  year.  1828,  April,  Aaron  Turner  was  licensed  as  a  retailer  of  strong  liquors 
until  September.  1829,  September  14,  voted  to  accept  a  deed  for  a  burying-ground,  presented  to  the 
town  by  Elijah  Littlefield,  on  condition  of  its  being  fenced  with  a  post  and  board  fence  free  of  expense 
to  the  town.  1830,  September  13,  selectmen,  treasurer,  and  clerk  authorized  to  insert  in  the  licenses  of 
as  many  persons  as  they  may  deem  necessary  permission  to  sell  wine,  rum,  and  other  spirituous 
liquors  to  be  drank  in  their  respective  stores  or  shops.  Similar  permission  was  refused  in  1831.  1832, 
April  30,  voted  that  the  selectmen  employ  any  person  they  think  suitable  to  vaccinate  the  inhabitants. 
1834,  February  12,  James  Strout,  Joseph  Warren,  and  Daniel  Harmon  were  chosen  to  remonstrate 
again.st  being  set  off  from  Cumberland  county  into  a  new  county.  1840,  November  2,  voted  to  build  a 
town  house,  36x40  feet,  with  10-foot  posts  and  23-foot  rafters  on  land  of  Merrill  W.  Strout,  near  the  great 
gully.  1842,  February  5,  voted  to  buy  a  hearse  and  hearse  house  for  public  use.  1843,  $4,300  appropri- 
ated for  town  expenses,  repairing  bridges,  and  breaking  roads.  1844,  appropriated  $3,350.  1845, 
appropriations,  $3,399.  September  3,  selectmen  given  power  to  build  bridge  near  James  Newell's. 
1847,  selectmen  authorized  to  fence  the  burial  yards.  1849,  March  12,  Retiah  Drinkwater  was  chosen 
agent  to  buy  a  poor  farm.  1850,  March  4,  "  voted  to  instruct  the  selectmen  to  prosecute  all  who  sell 
liquors  illegally";  also  to  procure  a  lot  in  the  burying-ground  to  bury  the  town  poor.  1853,  March  14, 
"  voted  to  advise  the  selectmen  not  to  appoint  an  agent  to  sell  spirituous  liquors  the  ensuing  year." 
October  2,  "  voted  that  the  selectmen  petition  the  legislature  to  be  set  off  from  the  county  of  Andros- 
coggin to  the  county  of  Cumberland."  Voted  whether  Lewiston,  Auburn,  or  Danville  should  be  the 
shire-town  of  the  new  county  of  Androscoggin.     Auburn  had  282  votes  and  Lewiston  23. 

Action  of  tlip  Town  in  the  Rebellion.  —  Durham  was  credited  with  Kil  soldiers  in  the  Civil  War,  and 
$27,073  was  paid  in  bounties.  1862,  July  24,  voted  to  pay  $100  each  to  privates  and  non-commissioned 
officers  to  the  number  of  18.  Voted  to  raise  $500  for  the  support  of  volunteers'  families.  September 
1  voted  to  raise  the  town's  quota  (33  men)  according  to  the  last  call  for  troops,  and  to  pay  each  volun- 
teer $100,  and  each  drafted  man  f50.  1863,  July  7,  voted  to  raise  $300  to  relieve  those  who  may  be 
drafted.  November  30,  voted  to  raise  an  additional  bounty  of  $200  for  each  man  enlisting  under  the 
call  of  October  17,  1863,  not  exceeding  26  in  number.  1864,  February  3,  Ai  Waterhouse,  John  C. 
Merrill,  Horace  P.  Merrill,  Milton  C.  Wedgwood,  and  Retiah  Drinkwater  were  chosen  to  fill  the 
town's  quota  under  the  calls  of  October  17,  1863,  and  February,  1864.  March  7,  voted  to  raise  $6,000 
to  pay  bounty  orders  due  this  year.  Feliruary  20, 1864,  voted  to  borrow  $1,000  to  pay  for  aid  to  families. 
August  20  voted  to  issue  town  scrip  to  the  amount  of  $300  to  every  man,  whether  he  enlists,  gets  a 
substitute,  or  is  drafted,  to  fill  the  quota  under  the  call  of  September  5.  October  1,  1864,  voted  to 
raise  $3,300  additional  bounties  to  fill  the  quota.  Retiah  Drinkwater  and  Horace  B.  Merrill  were 
chosen  to  fill  future  quotas.  January  13,  1865,  voted  to  raise  $400  for  each  man  to  fill  the  quota.  Feb- 
ruary 25  $100  additional  bounty  voted  to  each  man  of  the  town's  quota  under  last  call.  Nelson  Strout 
was  appointed  agent  to  fill  future  quotas.  1866,  August  18,  voted  to  pay  $300  to  each  person  who 
furnished  a  substitute.  In  1867,  1868,  18()9,  1870,  and  1873,  frequent  action  was  taken  in  reference  to 
paying  the  war  debt. 

1869,  James  H.  Eveleth,  Joseph  Warren,  Jr,  and  William  D.  Roak  were  appointed  to  investigate 
the  financial  condition  of  the  town.  1870,  March  12,  voted  to  raise  $1,200  for  town  debts;  that  the 
military  debt  be  funded,  and  the  selectmen  issue  the  bonds  of  the  lowu,  bearing  6  per  cent,  interest. 
1872,  December  2,  voted  to  build  our  portion  of  the  bridge  between  Durham  and  Lisbon  Falls,  as 
located  by  the  county  commissioner.  1883,  March  12,  voted  to  exempt  a  shoe  and  a  box  factory  from 
taxation  for  10  years.  1884,  September  8,  Durham  voted,  166  yeas  to  44  nays,  upon  prohibitory  amend- 
ment. 1887,  March  14,  voted  to  abolish  the  school-district  system,  and  to  appropriate  $400  to  buy 
books  for  the  scholars,  but,  March  31,  the  latter  vote  was  reconsidered.     A  motion  to  reconsider  the 


Town  of  Durham.  795 


vote  providing  for  the  abolition  of  school  districts  was  lost,  109  to  39.  The  town  system  is  a  complete 
success.  1888,  March  12,  voted  to  raise  .$200  to  build,  in  connection  with  the  Durham  Agricultural  and 
Horticultural  Society,  a  building  which  shall  be  used  to  house  the  town  road  machine,  and  as  an 
exhibition  building  for  the  society.     1889  the  town  was  free  from  debt. 

Town  Clerks.  —  The  town  clerks  since  the  organization  of  the  town,  with  terms  of  service,  are  as 
follows:  Ebenezer  Newell,  1789  to  1790;  Martin  Rourk  (Roak),  1791  to  180(5;  Isaac  Davis,  1807  to  1811; 
Symond  Baker,  1812  to  1814;  Jacob  Herrick,  Jr,  1815  to  1829,  and  in  1832;  Allen  H.  Cobb,  1830  to  1831, 
and  1833  to  1850;  James  Strout,  Jr,  1851  to  1853,  and  from  1859  to  181)4;  John  C.  Merrill,  1854  to  1856, 
and  18G8  to  1869;  Emery  S.  Warren,  18.57,  1871,  and  1872;  Merrill  W.  Strout,  1858;  Wm  B.  Newell, 
1865, 1873, 1876,  and  1877;  Wm  F.  Morrill,  186()  to  1867;  Ralph  H.  Hascall,  1870  and  1887;  W.  H.  Thomas, 
1874  and  1875;  Ira  Goddard,  1878;  William  D.  Roak,  1879;  George  E.  Warren,  1880  to  1886  inclusive; 
Luther  L.  Newell,  1888;  Marcus  W.  Eveleth,  1889;  George  W.  Nichols,  1890;  Royal  A.  Rich,  1891. 

Select»ien.  — 1789,  John  Gushing,  Nathaniel  Gerrish,  Thos  Fisher;  1790,  Aaron  Osgood,  N.  Gerrish, 
Thomas  Fisher;  1791  and  1792,  A.  Osgood,  N.  Gerrish,  Galeb  Estes;  1793  and  1794,  A  Osgood,  N. 
Gerrish,  Wm  True;  1795,  N.  Gerrish,  Mathew  Dnrau,  Samuel  Merrill;  1796,  N.  Gerrish,  Samuel 
Merrill,  Reuben  Tuttle;  1797,  N.  Gerrish,  Samuel  Merrill,  Joseph  Estes;  1798,  N.  Gerrish,  Isaac  Davis, 
Hugh  Getchell;  1799,  N.  Gerrish,  A.  Osgood,  Isaac  Davis;  1800,  A.  Osgood,  Isaac  Davis,  Caleb  Estes; 
1801,  Isaac  Davis,  George  Ferguson,  Caleb  Estes;  1802,  Isaac  Davis,  Caleb  Estes,  Josiah  Burnham; 
1803  and  1804,  Isaac  Davis,  J.  Burnham,  Joseph  Knight;  1805,  Joseph  Knight,  T.  Pierce,  Joseph  Estes; 
1806  and  1807,  Josiah  Burnham,  I.  Davis,  Joseph  Estes;  1808,  Josiah  Burnham,  Wm  Stoddard,  Thomas 
Pierce;  1809,  J.  Burnham,  Isaac  Davis,  John  Collins;  1810,  I.  Davis,  J.  Collins,  Joshua  Miller;  1811,  I. 
Davis,  J.  Burnham,  Thomas  Pierce;  1812,  T.  Pierce,  Job  Sylvester,  Jr,  David  Osgood;  1813  and  1814, 
J.  Burnham,  Secomb  Jordan,  Elijah  Macomber;  1815,  J.  Burnham,  Secomb  Jordan,  Thomas  Pierce; 
1816,  J.  Burnham,  Symonds  Baker,  Thomas  Freeman;  1817,  J.  Burnham,  E.  Macomber,  James  Strout; 
1818,  T.  Freeman,  E.  Macomber,  James  Strout;  1819,  Secomb  Jordan,  T.  Pierce,  Gideon  Curtis;  1820, 
S.  Jordan,  T.  Pierce,  E.  Macomber;  1821,  Gideon  Curtis,  James  Strout,  Daniel  Harmon;  1822,  1823, 
and  1824,  J.  Strout,  E.  Macomber,  Thomas  Pierce;  1825,  Thomas  Pierce,  Joseph  H.  Hoyt,  Ivory 
Warren;  1826,  Thomas  Pierce,  Joseph  H.  Hoyt,  Jacob  Herrick,  Jr;  1827,  Jacob  Herrick,  Jr,  T.  Pierce, 
Simeon  Bailey;  1828  and  1829,  Jacob  Herrick,  Jr,  James  Strout,  Waitstill  Webber;  1830,  James 
Strout,  Allen  H.  Cobb,  T.  Pierce;  1831,  James  Strout,  Jona.  Strout,  James  Newell;  1832,  Jacob 
Herrick,  Jr,  David  Douglass,  Wm  Newell,  Jr;  1833,  1834,  and  1835,  James  Strout,  Joseph  Warren, 
Thos  Estes;  1836,  James  Strout,  Henry  Moore,  Joseph  Reed,  Jr;  1837,  Joseph  Warren,  Joseph  Reed, 
Jr,  Simeon  Bailey;  1838,  Joseph  Warren,  S.  Bailey,  Thomas  Estes;  1839,  James  Strout,  Daniel 
Booker,  Daniel  Harmon;  1840,  Joseph  Warren,  Jona.  Strout,  John  Smith;  1841  and  1842,  Joseph 
Warren,  S.Bailey,  Sol.  Crosman;  1843,  Sol.  Crosman,  Job  P.  Sylvester,  Jr,  Alvah  Marston;  1844, 
James  Strout,  A.  Marston,  Joseph  Warren;  1845,  Ivory  Warren,  James  Newell,  Jer.  Dingley;  1846, 
1847,  and  1848,  Joseph  Warren,  A.  Marston,  R.  Drinkwater;  1849,  Joseph  Warren,  A.  Marston,  Wm 
Robinson;  1850,  Joseph  Warren,  R.  Drinkwater,  Wm  Robin.son;  1851  and  18.52,  Joseph  Warren, 
R.  Drinkwater,  Wm  Newell,  Jr;  1853,  Joseph  Warren,  Sewall  Libby,  Emery  S.  Warren;  1854,  Jos 
Warren,  E.  S.  Warren,  David  Bowe;  18.55,  NeLson  H.  Caiy,  Wm  D.  Roak,  John  D.  Osgood;  1856, 
Joseph  Warren,  W.  D.  Roak,  J.  D.  Osgood;  1857,  Joseph  Warren,  Wm  H.  Johnson,  Sewall  Strout; 
1858,  Wm  D.  Roak,  John  D.  Osgood,  Barnard  Williams;  1859  andil860,  Emery  S.  Warren,  S.  Strout, 
W.  H.  Johnson;  1861,  Sewall  Strout,  H.  C.  Libby,  R.  C.  Michaels;  1862,  Sewall  Strout,  Gideon  Brag- 
don,  Washington  Parker;  1863,  Sewall  Strout,  W.  Parker,  Elisha  Beal;  1864,  Joseph  Warren,  E.  S. 
Warren,  Alfred  Lunt;  1865,  Joseph  Warren,  A.  Lunt,  James  Strout,  Jr;  1866,  John  D.  Osgood,  Joseph 
Miller,  T.  C.  Pinkham;  1867,  Wm  D.  Roak,  Joseph  Miller,  Joseph  H.  Davis;  1868,  Nathaniel  Dun- 
ning, George  Douglas,  Jona.  Haskell;  1869,  Wm  D.  Roak,  G.  Douglas,  Wm  C.  Hascall;  1870,  Wm  C. 
Hascall,  J.  H.  Davis,  John  C.  Merrill;  1871,  Alfred  Lunt,  Wm  B.  Newell,  A.  Littlefield;  1872  and 
1873,  Alfred  Lunt,  Charles  W.  Harding,  Wm  Lang;  1874,  Chas  W.  Harding,  Wm  B.  Newell,  Daniel 
Dyer;  1875,  Joseph  W.  Davis,  Alfred  Lunt,  Benjamin  W.  Nason;  1876,  Alfred  Lunt,  Joseph  H.  Davis, 
Leonard  Macomber;  1877,  Alfred  Lunt,  Chas  W.  Harding,  Lewis  C.  Robinson;  1878,  Joseph  H.  Davis^ 
Wm  S.  Miller,  Henry  Sylvester;  1879,  Wm  B.  Newell,  Joseph  H.  Davis,  Henry  Sylvester;  1880,  Wm 
B.  Newell,  Lorenzo  S.  Lambert,  Alfred  Littlefield;  1881,  Wm  B.  Newell,  Leroy  S.  Bowie,  Emery  S. 
Warren;  1882,  Alfred  Lunt,  Leroy  S.  Bowie,  Willey  L.  Davis;  1883,  Alfred  Lunt,  L.  S.  Lambert, 
John  H.  Merrill;  1884,  L.  S.  Lambert,  Wm  B.  Neweil,  John  H.  Merrill;  1885,  Alfred  Lunt,  Chas  H. 
Bliss,  Leroy  S.  Bowie;  1886  and  1887,  Willey  L.  Davis,  Samuel  B.  Libby,  Chas  M.  Varney;  1888,  Henry 
Sylvester,  Chas  H.  Bliss,  Rufus  Parker;  1889  and  1890,  Joseph  H.  Davis,  Samuel  B.  Libby,  Wm 
Stackpole;  1891,  Horace  M.  Beal,  William  B.  Newell,  George  H.  Estes. 


796  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


CHAPTER  XLVni. 

Prominent  Early  and  Other  Settlers  —  Congregational  Church  —  First  Free  Baptist 
Church  —  Quakers  —  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  —  Baptist  Church  —  Universalists  —  Tem- 
perance—  Centennial  — Growth  and  Prosperity — Hotels,  Traders,  Etc. 

PROMINENT  Early  and  Other  Settlers.  —  ilfry'oy-  Cliarhs  G-errii<h 
was  born  in  Berwick,  in  1718,  and  was  the  first  settler  of  Royalsborough. 
He  manied  Mary  Frost.  Their  children  were  Lieut  William,  Charles, 
Nathaniel,  George,  James,  and  Mary.  Mary  m.  Abner  Harris,  and  settled  in 
Lewiston.  Lieut  William  m.  Esther  Parker,  in  1767.  Children:  Nathaniel, 
Betsey,  Richard,  Benjamin,  Jane,  James,  Sarah,  Molly,  and  William.  Charles, 
Jr,  m.  Phcebe  Blethen,  in  1770.  Children:  Huldah,  Betsey,  Jeremiah,  Mary, 
Chailes,  William,  Margaret,  and  Sally.  Nathaniel  m.  Sarah  Marriner,  in  1777. 
Children:  George,  Hannali,  Jose})h  M.,  Loruhamah,  Sarah,  Abigail,  Thirza, 
Moses,  and  Nathaniel.  George,  born  in  Royalsborough,  June  16,  1753,  died 
May  23,  1814,  was  a  farmer  and  settled  on  the  Major  Charles  homestead.  He 
m.  Mary  Mitchell,  of  Freeport,  December  20,  1781.  Children:  Susannah; 
James,  who  settled  near  the  Major  Charles  homestead;  John  m.  Joanna  West, 
of  Freeport,  and  settled  on  the  old  homestead;  Charles  and  Mary. 

Li  1775  Elijah  Douglas,  of  Middleborough,  Mass.,  removed  from  Harpswell 
Neck  to  Royalsborough  and  settled  on  the  John  Plummer  farm;  he  also  owned 
much  land.  He  united  with  the  Friends,  at  Falmouth,  in  1754.  He  died  in 
1814,  aged  94.  His  son,  Joseph,  m.  Mary  McFall.  In  1781  he  bought  of 
Stephen  Chase  100  acres  of  wild  land  in  Roj^alsborough,  for  X213  6s.  18d, 
and  built  his  log  house.  This  farm  was  owned  in  1873  by  Albert  Booker. 
Cornelius  Douglas  took  a  deed  of  land  in  1776.  He  came  from  Harpswell  and 
built  the  fifth  house  (of  logs)  in  town.  He  died  June  20,  1821.  His  son, 
Joshua,  born  September  8,  1794,  was  for  many  years  an  earnest  minister  of  the 
Friends'  Society.  Joshua  m.  Jane  Adams,  June  11,  1818,  and  jjui'chased  the 
Andrew  Adams  homestead  near  Plummer's  mill,  where  he  resided  until  1835, 
when  he  bought  a  farm  of  100  acres  of  Caleb  Jones.  He  died  January  21, 
1881.  Children  :  Joseph,  Eliza  Jane,  George,  John,  Charles,  Joshua  Lufkiu, 
and  William  Henr}-.  Joshua  Liifkin  Douglas,  born  in  Durham,  now  of  Bath, 
married  Helen  L.  Harvey.  He  moved  to  Bath  in  1863,  where  he  has  been 
in  trade  many  years.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  E.  Church,  was  appointed  class  leader  in  1864;  is  a  steward,  and  has 
served  as  trustee  of  the  church  for  several  years.  He  has  been  secretary  of 
Solar  Lodge,   F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Bath,  for  18  years.       He  is  much  interested  in 


Town  of  Durham.  797 


historical  research,  is  a  member  of  Maine  Historical  Society,  and  compiled  and 
published  "The  Douglas  Genealogy,"  issued  in  1890. 

JShenezer  Neivell,  the  first  town  clerk,  settled  on  the  rise  of  ground  near 
the  junction  of  the  Freeport  and  Brunswick  roads.  Three  generations  of 
Ebenezers  lived  here.  William  (born  in  1772),  son  of  Ebenezer^  and  Katherine 
(Richards)  Newell,  and  brother  of  Samuel  Newell,  the  missionary,  married 
Anna  Hoyt,  and  came  from  Newton,  Mass.,  about  1802.  He  settled  where 
George  Rich  lives,  between  Southwest  Bend  and  West  Durham.  Among  their 
children  were  John,  William,  Anna,  David,  Harriet.  David  became  a  clergy- 
man, had  a  large  family  of  childi-en,  and  recently  died  in  South  Windham. 
His  son,  William  B.,  now  residing  in  Durham,  is  the  father  of  Hon.  William  H. 
Newell,  mayor  of  Lewiston.  Samuel  Newell,  the  missionary,  was  graduated 
from  Harvard  in  1807,  and  was  one  of  the  band  of  first  missionaries  to  India, 
embracing  Judson,  Nott,  and  Mills.  William  Newell  was  often  in  positions  of 
trust  and  was  much  esteemed.  He  died  January  2,  1881,  aged  81.  To  enlist 
in  the  Union  army  he  dyed  his  hair  and  beard,  was  accepted,  and  became  a 
noted  nurse  in  the  hospitals.  He  held  many  offices,  and  in  the  militia  held 
every  office  from  ensign  to  general. 

Captain  Joshua  Strout  and  wife  Betsey  (Cobb)  Strout  were  natives  of  Cape 
Elizabeth,  and  came  to  Royalsborough  before  1771.  Of  their  children  were 
Sarah,  m.  Nathaniel  Gerrish ;  Barnabas;  Betsey,  m.  John  Dow;  Jonathan,  m. 
Sarah  Vining,  was  a  sea-captain  for  50  years;  Mary,  m.  Isaac  Lambert;  Tam- 
erson,  m.  Abel  Curtis;  Abigail,  m.  Thomas  Lambert;  Dorothy,  m.  Simeon 
Blethen  ;  Ebenezer  K. ;  Joshua,  and  James.  David  B.,  son  of  Jonathan  and 
Sarah  (Vining)  Strout,  married  Jane  B.  Lufkin,  and  died  in  1890.  He  was  a 
resident  of  Auburn  over  30  years.  He  was  a  strong  temperance  man  and  a 
Universalist,  and  for  many  years  conducted  a  large  Bible  class  at  the  Auburn 
church  and  did  much  Sunday-school  work  in  the  rural  districts  of  that  city. 

Among  the  faaiilies  here  previous  to  1800  were  those  of  Lieut  Wm  Gerrish,  Christopher 
Tracy,  Ebenezer  Newell,  Joseph  York,  David  D\^er,  Abel  True,  John  Mcintosh,  John 
Stackpole,  Aaron  Osgood,  Stephen  Wesson,  Pelatiah  Warren,  Capt.  Samuel  Nichols,  John 
Lincoln,  Benjamin  Roberts,  Matthew  Duran,  Nathaniel  Osgood,  Edward  Woodbery,  Simeon 
Sanborn,  John  Randall,  Capt.  William  McGray,  James  Hebberd,  John  Vining,  Ebenezer 
Bragdon,  David  Coffin,  Isaac  Turner,  James  Wilson,  William  Hoyt,  Stephen  Randall, 
Edward  Fifleld,  Enoch  Newell,  Joshua  Miller,  Samuel  True,  John  Cushing,  Jr,  Henry 
Farr,  Jr,  Dr  John  Converse,  Benjamin  Osgood.  Reuben  Dyer,  John  Dow,  Benjamin  Vining, 
Josiah  Burnham  (a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  executed  many  deeds),  Ezekiel  Williams, 
Jacob  Sawyer,  Bachelder  Ring,  Hugh  Getchell,  Wm  Mitchell,  Capt.  Isaac  Davis,  Dr 
Symonds  Baker,  Capt.  0.  Israel  Bagley,  Francis  Harmon,  Ezekiel  Jones,  Samuel,  Joel, 
Joshua,  Moses,  Phineas,  Richard,  and  Robert  Mitchell,  Joseph  Sawyer,  Robert  Hunnewell, 
Wm  Wilson,  Wm  Phillips,  Jonathan  and  Daniel  True,  John  Coffin,  Elisha  Douglas,  Enoch 
Davis,  James  Parker,  Daniel  Harmon,  Michael  Davis,  Job  Sylvester,  David  Gross,  Andrew 
Adams,  John  Larrabee,  Wm  Webster,  Joseph  Knight,  Thomas  Proctor,  James  Blethen, 


798  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

John  Skinner,  Wm  Newell,  Harris  and  Harvey  Garcelon,  Isaac  Lambert,  Edward  and 
James  Estes  (Quakers),  Jonathan  Beal,  Joseph  Parker,  George  Williams,  Solomon  Tracy, 
Waitstill  Webber. 

Rohert  Plummer^  born  in  Cape  Elizabeth,  March  1,  1761,  and  his  wife, 
Zilpah  Farr,  born  in  Easton,  November  3,  1768,  were  married  August  29,  1786, 
and  settled  in  Royalsborough.  They  had  10  children  —  William,  Lucy,  John, 
Abigail,  Zilpah,  Henry,  Moses,  James,  John,  and  Dolly;  all  have  passed  away. 
Henry  and  the  younger  John  settled  in  Durham.  Henry  was  a  shoemaker  by 
trade,  carried  on  his  farm,  and  owned  the  Plummer  Mills.  It  was  largely 
through  his  influence  and  means  that  the  brick  meeting-house  was  built.  He 
died  in  1875  in  his  eightieth  year.  His  sons  settled  in  Lisbon  and  have  been 
engaged  in  milling.  George,  Edward,  and  Charles  have  been  members  of  the 
legislature.  Edward  is  agent  of  the  Androscoggin  Water-Power  Company  and 
George  is  postmaster  at  Lisbon  Falls. 

Martin  Rourk  came  to  America  from  Ireland  in  1773,  when  13  years  old. 
He  served  through  the  war,  and  in  1783  came  to  North  Yarmouth  with  his 
commander,  Captain  Lawrence.  In  1788  he  married  the  captain's  sister, 
Elizabeth,  and  moved  to  Royalsborough  as  the  first  schoolmaster.  In  1791  he 
was  elected  town  clerk,  and  served  until  his  death  in  1807.  His  son  William 
married  Mercy  Davis.  Their  son,  Hon.  William  D.  Roak,  was  born  on  the 
farm  where  he  now  resides.  He  married  Ann  S.  Wagg,  of  Durham.  Their 
children  are  Cyrus  A.,  Algernon  M.,  Millbury  F.,  and  R.  Belle.  Mr  Roak  is  a 
Congregationalist  and  a  Republican.  He  has  held  many  official  positions.  He 
has  been  selectman,  assessor,  and  overseer  of  the  poor  for  five  years,  and  for 
three  years  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen,  and  has  served  as  town 
clerk,  agent,  auditor,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  school  committee  nine 
years,  county  commissioner  six  years,  representative  two  years,  and  state 
senator  four  years.  In  public  and  in  private  life  he  has  been  honest,  fearless, 
and  conscientious,  and  his  official  duties  have  been  performed  carefully  and 
thoroughly. 

Ecclesiastical. —  Congregationalism.  —  In  1775  Jonathan  Bagley,  in  behalf 
of  himself  and  the  proprietors,  notified  the  inhabitants  of  Royalsborough  to 
meet  and  agree  upon  some  place  for  building  a  house  for  public  worship.  In 
1789  a  committee  was  chosen  to  provide  to  finish  the  house,  etc.  1790,  April 
5,  voted  to  employ  Rev.  Abraham  Cummings  to  preach  to  the  amount  of  X18 
this  year.  1792,  voted  to  hire  Mr  Chapman  for  a  year.  1795,  raised  .£30  for 
preaching.  1796,  called  Rev.  Jacob  Herrick,  salary  to  be  <£80,  settlement  of 
<£50,  and  100  acres  of  land  (ministerial  land).  Mr  Herrick  was  ordained  in 
March,  1796,  and  a  small  congregation  gathered.  May  9,  voted  not  to  pay 
Capt.  Bagley  <£35  for  entertaining  the  council  at  the  ordination.  1809,  April 
9,  the  inhabitants  of  the  North  Parish  in  Durham  voted  to  sell  the  overplus 
pews  in  the  meeting-house  to  the  highest  bidder,  at  public  auction.     The  pur- 


Town  of  Durham.  799 


chasers  were  :  Barnabas  Strout,  pew  No.  17,  |81  ;  Josiah  Burnham,  No.  18, 
$82;  Job  Sylvester,  No.  15,  180;  John  Converse,  doctor,  No.  16,  -180;  Francis 
Harmon,  No.  14,  |80 ;  George  Williams,  No.  13,  -f 81 ;  Dr  Symond  Baker,  No. 
53,  139;  Secomb  Jordan,  No.  64,  -f  47 ;  Rev.  Jacob  Herrick,  No.  30,  $53; 
Joseph  Osgood,  No.  31,  $51 ;  Matthew  Duran,  No.  69,  142 ;  Elijah  Macomber, 
No.  42,  146;  William  Newell,  No.  54,  |47  ;  Capt.  Jonathan  Strout,  No.  11, 
$72 ;  Gideon  Curtis,  No.  12,  $72 ;  Nehemiah  Hooper,  No.  7,  $65  ;  Capt.  Jona- 
than Strout,  No.  8,  $66  ;  George  Gerrish,  Jr,  No.  38,  $51 ;  Samuel  Merrill, 
No.  72,  $42;  Dr  Symond  Baker,  No.  34,  $51;  James  Hubbard,  No.  37,  $44; 
Benjamin  Osgood,  No.  33,  $46  ;  Isaac  Randall  was  awarded  the  contract  for 
completing  the  outside  work  for  the  sum  of  $5i]6,  and  the  inside  work  for 
$570.  Francis  Harmon  was  given  the  job  of  building  the  porch  to  the  new 
meeting-house  for  the  sum  of  $174.  Capt.  Thomas  Chase  was  to  complete  the 
building,  which  was  not  finished  until  about  1805,  and  was  afterward  called 
the  Centre  meeting-house.  It  was  located  on  the  Freeport  road  about  one-half 
mile  from  the  village.  This  church  was  abandoned  for  religious  services 
and  went  to  ruin  40  years  ago.  Rev.  Jacob  Herrick  preached  here  nearly 
40  years.  He  was  tall,  erect,  and  a  noble-looking  man ;  and  an  earnest,  ener- 
getic preacher,  as  devout  as  he  was  persevering,  and  much  beloved  by  all. 
The  Union  church,  on  the  hill  near  the  Bend,  was  built  about  1835  (after  the 
old  church  was  abandoned)  by  the  Congregationalists,  Methodists,  and  Bap- 
tists, and  was  used  alternately  by  them.  A  Congregational  church  was  built 
in  the  south  part  of  the  town,  in  the  Stetson  neighborhood,  about  30  years 
ago.  It  was  taken  down  and  removed  to  South  West  Bend  and  is  still  in  use. 
The  following  Congregational  clergymen  have  performed  ministerial  labor 
since  the  close  of  Mr  Herrick's  pastorate :  James  Elliot,  from  November,  1845, 
to  November,  1848 ;  Jonas  Fiske,  from  May  20,  1849,  to  September  12,  1852 ; 
Wm  V.  Jordan,  from  November  1, 1854,  to  November,  1855  ;  John  S.  C.  Abbott, 
from  1856  to  1857;  Henry  S.  Loring,  from  January  1,  1857,  to  1859;  W.  H. 
Haskell,  from  September  12,  1862,  to  1869;  Albert  Bushnell,  1871;  Chas 
W.  Hill,  1872,  1873;  Prof.  Jotham  Sewell,  of  Brunswick,  1874,1875;  Prof. 
Richard  Stanley,  of  Levviston,  1876,  1877,  1878;  Richard  Wickett,  1879-1885; 
Geo.  W.  Gould,  of  Lisbon,  1885,  1886,  1887 ;  R.  L.  Sheafe,  of  Bangor,  1888 ; 
Prof.  Thos  L.  Angell,  1889-1890.  The  church  membership  is  26.  The  Sabbath 
school  is  usually  attended  by  from  35  to  50  pupils. 

The  First  Free  Baptist  Church  of  Durham  was  organized  in  1781,  being  the 
eleventh  church  in  the  denomination.  It  was  organized,  probably,  by  Elder 
Benjamin  Randall,  for  we  find  in  that  year  he  visited  all  of  the  churches  and 
found  them  "in  a  very  encouraging  condition  and  walking  in  gospel  order  and 
union."  This  church,  as  all  of  the  early  churches,  had  its  seasons  of  pros- 
perity and  adversity.  Very  little  is  known  of  its  history  until  1829,  when  it 
was  reorganized  by  Rev.  George  Lamb,  of    Brunswick,  with  these  members, 


800  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

who  have  all  passed  away:  Elijah  Littlefield,  Daniel  Gould,  Henry  Plunimer, 
Christopher  Tracy,  Abram  Metcalf,  John  Robinson,  John  Blethen,  Mary 
Getchell,  Margaret  Tracy,  Jane  Gould,  Lovina  Tracy,  Elizabeth  Tracy.  Soon 
after  the  church  was  reorganized,  quite  a  large  addition  was  made  to  its 
membership.  For  several  years  there  was  only  occasional  preaching  from 
outside.  Christopher  Tracy  and  Henry  Plummer  were  licensed  to  improve 
their  gift,  and  the  meetings  were  kept  up  without  a  settled  minister  until  1840. 
During  this  year  there  was  a  great  revival  and  the  church  membership  was 
largely  increased.  For  the  next  15  years  the  church  enjoyed  great  prosperity. 
The  meetings  were  held  in  three  diiTerent  school-houses,  but  these  soon  became 
too  small  to  accommodate  the  people,  and  the  question  of  a  new  meeting-house 
was  agitated.  A  plan  of  a  house  was  decided  upon  and  Mr  Henry  Plummer, 
who  had  a  deep  interest  in  the  progress  and  growth  of  this  denomination,  made 
the  offer  that  if  they  would  raise  -1450  he  would  be  responsible  for  the  rest. 
The  amount  was  raised,  and  Mr  Plummer  built  the  house  in  1845,  the  cost 
beincf  over  $1,000.  The  building  was  dedicated  November  20,  1845.  After 
the  church  lost  its  visibility,  Mr  Plummer  purchased  the  house  and  had  it 
thoroughly  repaired,  and  it  is  in  good  condition  to-day. 

Quakers. — Among  the  first  Friends  were  Samuel  Jones,  Joseph  and  Caleb 
Estes,  Andrew  Pinkham,  and  Elijah  Douglass.  Soon  after,  Samuel  Weare, 
Robert  Goddard,  and  Silas  Goddard,  moved  from  Falmouth.  They  held  their 
first  meeting  in  the  house  of  Joseph  Estes.  The  house  was  known  as  the 
"Old  Hawkes  House."  They  built  a  one-story  meeting-house.  A  two-story 
addition  was  made  in  1800,  and  in  1828  the  whole  was  burned.  The  meetings 
were  then  held  in  the  Old  Hawkes  House  till  the  brick  church  was  built. 
May  5,  1783,  the  plantation  voted  "Not  to  sett  of  the  quakers  to  have  school 
by  themselves  but  to  have  the  advantages  of  the  Town  School.  1785,  voted 
that  those  people  called  frends  ar  sat  of  from  Paen  any  School  money  to  the 
Plantation  this  year."  Among  the  first  ministers  were  Samuel  Jones  and 
Joseph  Douglas,  who  was  a  powerful  preacher  in  the  society,  and  devoted 
much  of  his  time  and  energy  to  the  cause  of  Christ.  He  died  December  22, 
1821.  Nathan  Douglas^  (John,^  Elijah,^  Joseph,^  David,^)  was  born  in  Durham, 
January  18,  1812,  and  at  the  age  of  22  commenced  the  work  of  the  ministry 
at  the  Friends'  meeting-house  in  Durham,  and  has  since  been  the  principal 
minister  of  that  faith  in  town.  His  labors  have  been  faithful,  with  satisfactory 
results.  He  has  visited  nearly  every  yearly  meeting  of  Friends  on  this 
continent.  His  sermons  are  plain  and  direct,  and  he  is  beloved  and  respected 
by  all  who  know  him.  In  1873  the  society  had  about  180  members  and 
five  ministers.  The  meetings  were  largely  attended  by  those  of  otlier  denom- 
inations. Membership  in  1890,  257.  Charles  W.  Webber  is  the  clerk.  The 
church  buildings  are  valued  at  about  12,000. 


Town  of  Durham.  801 


MefJiodi.sf  Episcopal  Church.  —  Durham  was  at  first  part  of  Bowdoinham 
circuit,  which  was  formed  in  1803,  True  Glidden  preacher  in  charge,  and 
upon  invitation  preached  at  the  house  of  his  uncle,  Deacon  William  True,  of 
Durham.  Previously  Asa  Heath  had  visited  and  preached  in  Durham ;  also 
James  Lewis,  of  Gorham,  a  local  preacher.  In  August,  1804,  a  quarterly 
meeting  was  held  here,  which  resulted  in  a  revival  and  100  persons  were 
converted  and  received  into  the  M.  E.  Church.  (Timothy  Merritt  supplied  the 
place  of  the  presiding  elder,  Joshua  Taylor.  This  meeting.  Sabbath  day,  was 
held  in  a  grove,  not  far  from  the  site  of  the  present  church  building.  Mr 
Merritt  preached  from  Amos  7:ii;  an  exhortation  was  made  by  David  Dudley, 
and  prayer  by  James  Lewis.)  Among  these  were:  George  Ferguson,  William 
Jones,  John  Tyler,  Daniel  Harwood,  Abel  True,  Samuel  True,  John  Hatch, 
Richard  Doane,  Jacob  Randall,  and  their  wives;  also  Deacon  Daniel  Harmon 
and  wife;  Deacon  William  True  and  wife  joined  the  Methodists  at  this  time, and 
many  of  the  prominent  families  became  followers  of  this  faith,  and  the  place  of 
the  revival  has  since  been  known  as  "Methodist  Corner."  In  1806  Durham 
circuit  was  made  a  separate  charge,  including  Durham,  Pownal,  Danville, 
Lisbon,  and  Litchfield,  Durham  Class,  iu\y  12,  1809:  David  Dudley,  Eleanor 
Dudley,  Richard  Doane,  Mary  Doane,  Edward  Doane,  Sarah  Doane,  Lemuel 
Roberts,  Nabby  Roberts,  Thomas  Roberts,  Submit  Roberts,  Susanna  Roberts, 
Daniel  Roberts,  Enoch  Davis,  Sally  Davis,  Mariam  Brown,  Reuben  Roberts, 
Luther  Plummer,  Hannah  Plummer.  By  some  peculiar  friendship  or  favor  the 
General  Court  of  Massachusetts  deviated  from  its  usual  custom  and  granted 
an  act  of  incorporation  to  this  society  in  1810,  and  a  Methodist  house  of 
worship  was  built  near  Methodist  Corner.  (This  house  was  remodelled  and 
improved  in  1867,  and  rededicated  in  February,  1868.)  In  1814  the  New 
England  Conference  held  its  session  here,  Bishop  McKendree  presiding.  Since 
1840  Durham  has  been  a  separate  charge  or  circuit.  There  are  a  goodly 
number  of  Methodists  in  town  and  the  services  are  well  sustained.  This 
denomination  has  ever  been  zealous  in  good  works  and  among  its  ministry  are 
numbered  several  natives  of  the  town.  Rev.  Allen  H.  Cobb,  a  Methodist 
preacher,  a  native  of  Barnstable,  Mass.,  came  to  Durham  in  1818  and  was  a 
valuable  citizen.  He  died  in  1856.  He  was  a  man  of  ability  and  left  his 
impress  upon  the  people. 

A  Baptist  Church  was  organized  August  8, 1838,  with  these  persons :  Isaac 
Lambert,  James  Wagg,  Jeremiah  Dingley,  Joel  Moss,  William  Dingley,  Isaac 
Lambert,  Jr,  Mary  Lambert,  Eliza  Macomber,  Isabel  Jones,  Dorothy  Blethen, 
Hannah  Richerson,  Harriet  Lambert,  Julian  Blethen,  Betsey  Bowe,  Mary 
Mitchell,  Lucy  Lambert,  Maria  Dingley,  Abigail  Blethen,  Sally  Moss,  Mary 
Barstow,  Jael  Farrow,  Marian  Downer.  The  introductory  prayer  was  made  by 
Brother  Atkins,  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  The  sermon  was  by  Rev.  E.  R.  Warren, 
and  the  right-hand  of  fellowship  was  given  by  Rev.  R.  C.  Starr.     An  address 


802  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

was  made  by  Brother  Owen,  and  the  organizing  prayer  was  offered  by  Rev. 
Noah  Hooper.  Isaac  Lambert  was  chosen  and  ordained  deacon.  The  same 
month,  the  church  was  admitted  to  the  Baptist  Association  at  North  Yarmouth. 
Rev.  Noah  Hooper  was  the  first  preacher.  In  1839  two  members  were  admitted 
by  baptism,  and  in  1840  14  were  received.  In  1841  there  were  41  members, 
and  Rev.  Mr  Hooper  became  pastor  for  two  years.  In  1843  Rev.  Moses 
Hanscom  was  called  and  remained  15  years,  and  his  faithful  labors  added  many 
members  to  the  church.  In  1851  there  were  50  members  and  the  church  was 
at  the  height  of  its  prosperity.  From  that  time  it  has  steadily  declined.  Its 
most  earnest  and  energetic  members  either  have  died  or  left  to  join  other 
churches.  Rev.  Mr  Tucker,  who  succeeded  Mr  Hanscom,  "labored  hard,"  as 
an  old  member  of  the  church  puts  it,  "but  with  poor  success."  Since  he  left, 
the  church  has  been  unable  to  support  preaching,  and  about  five  years  ago  was 
dropped  from  the  Baptist  Association.  Only  six  scattered  members  remain, 
and  the  only  vestige  of  the  past  prosperity  of  the  church  is  the  fine  church 
building,  which  is  owned  in  common  with  the  Methodists.  The  last  deacons 
were  Isaac  Lambert,  A.  Marston,  William  Dingley,  and  E.  Titcomb.  The 
Sabbath  school  had  at  one  time  60  members.  Deacon  William  Dingley  being 
superintendent. 

The  Universalist  Church.  —  A  small  church  building  was  erected  by  the 
Universalists  at  the  Bend,  about  1840.  Some  years  prior  to  this,  persons  of 
this  belief  had  occasional  preaching  at  the  old  school-house  below  the  Bend. 
Rev.  Leander  Hussey  was  first  settled  and  preached  two  years  ;  Rev.  L.  P. 
Rand,  three  years;  Rev.  Mr  Knowlton,  from  1845  to  1850.  He  was  a  promi- 
nent worker  in  the  temperance  cause.  Many  of  the  members  moved  away 
from  the  place  and  preaching  was  not  sustained.  The  building  was  burned 
and  never  rebuilt. 

Temperance.  —  The  temperance  question  was  agitated  very  early.  Among 
the  itinerant  Methodist  preachers  of  Auld  Lang  Syne  was  James  Weston,  a 
small  man,  scholarly  and  of  fair  ability.  He  was  very  zealous  in  advocating 
temperance,  and,  as  at  that  time  rum  was  sold  in  nearly  all  of  the  stores,  he  preached 
an  able  sermon  on  the  subject,  and  a  pledge  was  drawn  up  for  circulation 
and  signers.  \\\  April,  1840,  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Mr  Knowlton,  a 
Universalist  clergyman,  and  an  earnest  worker  in  this  cause,  there  was  an  exten- 
sive temperance  revival  and  a  very  successful  brotherhood  of  temperance 
workers  was  organized,  called  Temperance  Watchmen,  with  the  motto,  "Tem- 
perance, Humanity  and  Progress."  This  was  the  parent  society  of  many  in 
Maine  and  did  good  work  for  over  a  decade,  and  sowed  good  seed  which  has 
borne  fruit.  There  are  now  two  flourishing  societies  of  Good  Templars  here  — 
Minnehaha  and  Crystal  Rock  lodges. 

Durham^  Centennial.  —  August  22, 1889,  was  celebrated  the  one  hundredth 
birthday  of  the  town,  on  the  fair  grounds.     There  was  a  morning  parade  of 


Town  of  Durham.  803 


fantastics  and  a  procession,  then  the  literary  exercises,  followed  by  a  dinner 
at  12  M.  At  2  P.M.  about  1,500  people  were  ready  to  look  at  the  races. 
Then  followed  music,  addresses,  etc.  The  address  of  welcome  was  by  Rev.  E. 
L.  Warren  ;  prayer,  Rev.  John  Cobb  ;  song,  "  Home,  Sweet  Home,"  by  Mrs. 
Ada  Gary  Sturgis  ;  address  by  Hon.  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr ;  responses:  "The 
People  of  Durham,"  Dr  D.  B.  Strout ;  "  The  First  Proprietor,  Col  Isaac 
Royall,"  Z.  K.  Harmon,  Esq. ;  "  Progress  in  Temperance,"  Rev.  I.  C.  Knowl- 
ton  ;  "Music  in  Durham,"  Dr  T.  M.  Warren;  music,  chorus;  poem  by 
Elizabeth  Converse  Durgin  ;  music  by  the  Durham  Band;  address  by  Hon. 
William  P.  Frye ;  responses:  "The  Farmers  of  Durham,"  Hon.  William  D. 
Roak  ;  "The  Mechanics,"  Lewis  D.  Robinson;  "The  Clergy,"  Rev.  George 
Plummer;  "  The  Teachers,"  W.  H.  Newell,  Esq. ;  "The  Medical  Profession," 
Dr  C.  E.  Williams;  "Missionaries  of  Durham,"  Rev.  W.  S.  Hascall.  The 
exercises  were  concluded  by  singing  "America." 

Durham  was  at  the  height  of  its  prosperity  50  years  ago ;  the  tide  of  business 
seemed  to  flow  towards  the  town,  and  many  thought  the  little  town  would  be 
a  large  city.  The  four  stores  at  South  West  Bend  did  more  business  than 
those  of  Lewiston  and  Auburn  combined.  Even  a  milliner's  shop  was  taken 
from  Auburn  to  locate  at  the  Bend.  As  a  manufacturing  town  it  ranked  with 
the  leading  ones  in  the  state.  Saw  and  grist  mills  were  on  every  stream.  A 
steam  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  a  chair  factory,  a  ship-yard,  and  fulling  mills  kept 
up  a  hum  of  industry  and  employed  numerous  workmen.  All  about  were 
signs  of  prosperity  and  growth;  but  the  advent  of  the  railroad  changed  entirely 
the  flow  of  the  business  stream  which  formerly  ran  down  the  Androscoggin 
from  the  northern  towns;  the  commerce  from  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  and 
other  places  was  diverted  into  different  channels,  and  Durham  is  now  a  purely 
agricultural  town,  with  a  population  of  1,111,  and  a  valuation  of  ''t<378,240. 
Many  of  her  sons  and  daughters  have  achieved  honor  and  renown,  and  rank 
high  as  statesmen,  theologians,  singers,  and  scholars. 

Hotels  and  Traders.  —  A  house  to  accommodate  the  traveling  public  was 
kept  by  a  Mrs  Proctor.  This  inn  was  located  on  the  banks  of  the  Andros- 
coggin river,  about  one  mile  north  of  the  Bend.  In  1820,  Joshua  Miller,  a 
native  of  Durham,  moved  to  South  West  Bend  and  opened  a  tavern  on  the 
site  of  the  Durham  House,  of  which  Abner  Merrill  is  landlord.  In  1834,  in 
company  with  Reuben  Higgins,  he  bought  out  the  Dingley's  store,  and  was  in 
trade  there  about  six  years,  when  the  partnership  was  dissolved.  Mr  Miller 
then  retired  from  trade  and  resided  on  a  farm  until  his  death.  Mr  and  Mrs 
Miller  were  very  generous  hearted  people,  and  in  their  house  the  wayfarer 
found  the  comforts  of  a  home.  There  was  a  public  house  kept  for  a  few  years 
at  Methodist  Corner  by  Mr  Hoyt.  At  one  time  (between  1820  and  1848) 
there  were  four  large  stores  at  the  Bend  —  Horace  Corbett's,  (James)  Strout 
&  (Rufus)  Jordan's,  Ivory  Warren's,  John  Higgins's.     Barnabas  Strout  traded 


804  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

at  the  Bend,  and  kept  a  hotel  where  Wesley  Day  now  lives.  Emery  S.  Warren, 
the  present  trader  in  the  Strout  &  Jordan  store,  has  been  in  business  fifty 
years.  John  Randall  had  a  small  store  very  earl}'-  at  Methodist  Corner  (West 
Durham),  and  later  there  were  two  stores  there.  Now  R.  A.  Rich  conducts 
trade  here.  Jonathan  Merrill  traded  in  the  store  R.  M.  Strout  now  occupies, 
and  in  a  preceding  generation  A.  Merrill  "traded  and  put  up  folks"  also  at  the 
Bend.  G.  W.  Keirstead  and  the  Grange  Store  are  now  in  trade  at  the  Bend. 
A  store  at  South  Durham  has  been  conducted  by  the  Lunt  family  for  years, 
the  firm  being*  A.  F.  Lunt  &  Co.  It  is  now  A.  F.  &  A.  Lunt.  There  are  many 
prosperous  farmers  in  town.  Among  them  are  Everett  L.  Macomber,  who 
resides  about  a  mile  from  South  West  Bend  village,  and  F.  A.  Harding,  at 
West  Durham. 

Emery  S.  Warren  has  been  a  merchant  and  trader  for  half  a  century,  and 
conversant  with  town  affairs,  having  served  as  town  clerk,  selectman,  and 
chairman  of  the  Board,  and  has  also  represented  Durham  in  the  legislature. 
Mr  Warren  married  a  daughter  of  Abraham  Whitney,  of  Lisbon.  His  son, 
George  E.  Warren,  conducts  business  with  him,  and  has  been  town  clerk  for 
several  years.  Emery  S.  Warren  was  treasurer  of  Acacia  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M., 
for  many  3^ears. 

Greorge  W.  Nichols^  son  of  David  M.  and  Margaret  (Doane)  Nichols,  was 
born  in  1833  in  Weld,  Me.  He  is  a  great-grandson  of  Capt.  Samuel  Nichols,  of 
Massachusetts.  His  parents  and  his  grandfather,  Thomas  Nichols,  were  natives 
of  Durham,  and  were  of  the  Methodist  faith.  His  great-grandfather  was  John 
Randall,  an  early  settler.  \n  1868  Mr  Nichols  established  himself  as  a  manu- 
facturer in  Durham,  and  for  several  years  made  wagons  and  sleighs.  At 
present  he  attends  to  the  repairing  and  painting  of  carriages.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican, has  held  the  office  of  town  clerk,  and  is  a  good  citizen.  His  wife, 
Matilda,  is  a  daughter  of  Greenfield  and  Sarah  (Gerrish)  Harris,  and  a 
descendant  of  Capt.  Charles  Gerrish.  Children  :  Rozella  M.  (Mrs  Ralph  J. 
Haskell,  of  New  Gloucester),  Charles  F.,  Sarah  L.  (Mrs  Charles  A.  Merrill,  of 
Auburn),  Trull  Doane,  Annie  H.,  and  Mary  O.  25  acres  of  the  place  now 
owned  by  George  H.  Estes  was  sold  for  taxes  December  29,  1791,  by  "York 
Collector  "  for  17  shillings.  This  land  was  subsequently  purchased  by  Richard 
Doane  and  was  inherited  by  his  grandson,  George  W.  Nichols,  who  sold  it 
about  1860,  and  it  is  now  valued  at  #20  an  acre. 

Jonathan  JLUihy  moved  to  Durham  in  1847,  and  went  into  business  as  a 
cooper  with  Edward  Dow.  About  1850  he  bought  Mr  Dow  out,  and  was  in 
the  business  until  his  death.  May  25,  1882.  He  was  a  leading  tem[)erance  man 
and  one  of  the  first  Republicans  in  town.  He  was  in  the  legislature  in  1868, 
and  town  treasurer  from  1866  to  1869.  Samuel  B.  Llbhi/,  his  son,  born  in 
North  Yarmouth,  January  29,  1843,  had  good  educational  advantages,  and 
taught  a  winter  school  in  Brunswick  in  1861.     He  enlisted  July  21,  1862,  and 


Town  of  Durham.  805 


served  until  July  5,  1865.  He  was  transferred  to  the  signal  corps  with 
Colonel  Dahlgren  in  1864,  was  taken  prisoner  on  the  "  Dahlgren  raid,"  and  was 
imprisoned  at  Andersonville  and  other  rebel  prisons  until  November  30,  1864, 
when  he  was  paroled  at  Savannah.  In  January,  1868,  Mr  Libby  again  became 
a  resident  of  Durham,  and  has  since  carried  on  the  cooperage  business.  He  is 
a  Republican  in  politics  and  an  indefatigable  party  worker.  He  was  selectman 
and  assessor  in  1886,  1887,  1889,  1890.  He  is  a  past  master  of  Acacia 
Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  Eureka  Grange;  and  is  a  member  of  Burnside  Post, 
G.  A.  R.,  Auburn;  Maple  Coramandery,  U.  O.  G.  C;  and  Minnehaha  Lodge, 
L  O.  G.  T. 

William  H.  Field,  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  (Sleeper)  Field,  was  born  in 
Lewiston,  March  31,  1853.  In  1878  he  organized  the  Durham  Packing  Com- 
pany to  carry  on  the  corn  packing  business  at  South  West  Bend.  From  100,000 
to  150,000  cans  of  corn  were  put  up  yearly  until  November  14,  1889,  when  the 
works  were  burned.  Mr  Field  started  the  canning  business  at  North  Turner 
with  Benjamin  Keen,  and  since  1880  he,  with  Charles  Gay,  of  Auburn,  has 
owned  a  large  corn-canning  factory  at  New  Gloucester  as  the  Durham  Packing 
Company,  which  he  conducts.  Mr  Field  is  also  a  market  gardener  and  stock 
raiser.  His  place.  Riverside  Farm,  is  pleasantly  located  on  the  Androscoggin 
at  South  West  Bend,  and  he  has  some  fine  blooded  horses.  He  married  Cora 
Idella  Hackett,  of  Minot.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  has  served  two  years  in  the 
U.  S.  Army. 

Dr-  Nelson  IToward  Cary,  son  of  Simeon  and  Roanna  (Howard)  Cary,  was 
born  in  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  January  5,  1807.  He  came  to  Hartford,  Me,  in 
1815.  He  was  graduated  from  Maine  Medical  School  in  1828.  He  practiced 
at  Ware,  Mass.,  Gorham,  Wayne,  and  Durham.  In  1874  he  relinquished  practice, 
and  died  April  10,  1877.  He  manied,  in  1829,  Maria  Stockbridge.  They  had 
six  children,  one  of  whom  is  the  famous  singer,  Annie  Louise  (Cary)  Raymond. 
In  1852  he  married  Julia  S.  Warren;  they  had  one  daughter,  Mrs  Ada  (Cary) 
Sturgis.  Dr  Cary  possessed  broad  common-sense,  keen  philosophy,  and 
especially  excelled  in  music. 

I)r  W.  R.  Wright  came  to  Durham  from  Farmington  in  1856  and  was  in 
practice  until  1870,  when  he  removed  to  Bath.  His  son,  Jonah  L.  Wright, 
M.D.,  born  in  Farmington,  December  22,  1850,  studied  medicine  with  his 
father,  Dr  J.  W.  Small,  at  Bowdoin  Medical  School  in  1873-4-5,  and  later  in 
Boston  with  Dr  Small,  located  as  a  physician  at  Richmond  in  1878,  at  Lewiston 
in  1881,  and  at  Durham  in  1884.  He  belongs  to  Maine  Eclectic  Medical 
Society  and  was  its  secretary  in  1878,  1879,  1880,  1881. 


806  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


TURNER, 


CHAPTER   XLIX. 

Bouudaries  —  Township  Grunted — Sylvester -Canada  —  Names  of  Proprietors — De- 
scription—  Attempts  at  Settlement  —  Pioneer  and  Other  Settlers— Inhabitants  in  1780  — 
1790— 1800— Town  Annals,  Etc. 

TURNER  lies  on  the  Androscoggin  river,  embraces  about  40  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  southerly  by  Auburn  and  Minot,  westerly  by  Hebron, 
Buckfield,  and  Hartford,  northerly  by  Livermore,  and  easterly  by  Leeds 
and  Greene.  The  township  was  granted  in  1765  by  Massachusetts  to  the  heirs 
of  Captain  Joseph  S3dvester  and  his  company  for  services  rendered  in  Canada, 
in  1690,  and  was  in  lieu  of  one  previousl}^  granted  in  New  Hampshire.  It  was 
called  Sylvester-Canada,  was  to  be  "of  the  contents  of  seven  miles  square  in 
the  unappropriated  lands,"  and  "  laid  out  adjoining  to  some  former  grants  to 
the  eastward  of  the  Saco  River,"  and  had  the  usual  stipulations,  with  the 
addition  that  81  families  were  to  be  settled.  Names  of  Proprietors:  Joseph 
Atkinson,  Samuel  Bryant,  Robert  Buck,  Nathaniel  Bartlett,  John  Delano, 
Samuel  Dwelly,  Samuel  Doughty,  William  Eaton,  John  Field,  Eleazer  Jackson, 
John  Joyce,  Cornelius  Jones,  John  Kent,  Joseph  Knap,  John  Kingman, 
John  Lambert,  Arthur  Low,  Mark  Lothrop,  Edward  Smith,  Thomas  Snell, 
Thomas  Soper,  John  Silvester,  Benjamin  Sutten,  Joseph  Studley,  Mathew 
Stetson,  Samuel  Sprague,  Joseph  Shelley,  Benjamin  Gannett,  Paul  Guilford, 
James  Glass,  Joseph  Goold,  Samuel  Hunt,  James  Howard,  Thomas  Hiland, 
Isaac  Hanmer,  James  Harris,  Nathaniel  Harlow,  Nathaniel  Holmes,  Gershom 
Marble,  Thomas  Morton,  Samuel  Pittifer,  Joseph  Prior,  Robert  Pheney, 
Nathaniel  Parker,  Elnathan  Palmer,  Peter  Roach,  John  Records,  Capt.  Jos. 
Sylvester,  Edward  Standley,  James  Snow,  Moses  Simmons,  John  Stetson, 
Stephen  Totman,  Lazarus  Turner,  Thomas  Wild,  Jabez  Warren,  Return  Waite, 
Ebenezer  White,  Benony  Wolly,  John  Wetherel. 

The  proprietors  located  the  township,  returned  a  plan,  and  it  was  confirmed 
to  them  June  20,  1768,  with  these  boundaries:  "Beginning  at  a  place  in 
Androscoggin  River  called  crooked  Repels,  six  miles  (as  the  River  runs)  above 
Androscoggin  great  falls,  which  is  the  easterly  corner  of  Bakerstown  so  called, 
from  thence  running  North  60°  West,  in  the  Northeasterly  line  of  said  Bakers- 
town,  five  miles  and  a  half,  to  the  northerly  corner  thereof,  then  running  North 
26°  East  by  Province  Land  Ten  miles  and  180  rods  to  a  stake  with  stones 
about  it,  then  running  by  Province  land  South  60°  east  3  miles  and  250  rods 


Town  of  Turner.  807 


to  said  River,  thence  running  Southerly  by  said  River  to  the  bounds  first 
mentioned."  3,200  acres  were  allowed  for  ponds.  The  surface  is  neither 
uneven  nor  rough,  having  few  rugged  hills  and  much  good  farming  land.  The 
Androscoggin,  Nezinscot  (or  Twenty-mile)  rivers,  Martin's,  and  other  streams 
water  it  finely  and  furnish  water  privileges.  Numerous  ponds  abound;  the 
largest  are  Bear,  Pleasant,  and  Little  Wilson  ponds.  A  heavy  growth  of 
timber  covered  the  township,  and  Dr  French  says  "  it  was  noted  for  its  forests 
of  pine  of  the  best  quality,  and  many  of  its  majestic  trees  were  sought  for 
masts  and  spars."  The  soil  where  the  pines  grew  most  luxuriant  is  mostly  a 
sandy  or  clay  loam,  but  the  land  away  from  the  streams  is  a  gravelly  loam, 
producing  a  plenitude  of  crops.  Turner  has  always  held  high  rank  as  an 
agricultural  town,  and  the  people  are  thrifty,  intelligent,  prosperous,  and  pro- 
gressive. Fruit  grows  in  abundance,  and  there  are  some  large  orchards,  that  of 
A.  S.  Ricker,  treasurer  of  the  State  Pomological  Society,  in  1891  yieldino-  1,300 
barrels  of  apples.  The  leading  interest,  however,  is  dairjnng.  Great  care  has 
been  taken  to  introduce  the  best  stock,  and  it  is  perhaps  the  first  dairy  town 
in  Maine.  There  are  several  dairy  farms  producing  from  1,000  to  4,500  pounds 
of  choice  butter  yearly,  but  many  who  keep  cows  send  their  milk  to  the 
factories.  A  high  grade  of  intelligence,  thrift,  and  prosperity  has  marked 
Turner  from  the  first,  many  of  its  sons  have  been  prominent  in  state  and  the 
nation,  and  the  average  wealth  of  its  inhabitants  is  high  for  a  town  so  far  from 
business  centres  and  railroad  facilities.  Its  popuhition  in  1850  was  2,537,  and 
the  highest  tide  was  reached  in  1860,  when  it  was  2,682.  From  that  date  there 
has  been  a  steady  decrease  to  1890,  when  the  census  gave  2,016  inhabitants. 
All  Turner  needs  to  grow  and  prosper  is  the  building  of  the  Androscoggin 
Valley  Railroad.  The  scenery  in  many  parts  is  lovely,  the  Oxford  hills  and 
northern  mountains  adding  a  touch  of  grandeur  to  the  view,  while  along  the 
rivers  is  a  constant  succession  of  pastoral  beauty.  The  town  can  supply  every- 
thing the  most  exacting  summer  tourist  can  desire,  and  alfords  a  delightful 
place  to  recuperate ;  already  summer  boarding  may  be  considered  an  industry. 
It  has  many  water  powers.     (See  page  42.) 

Although  the  proprietors  early  made  efforts  to  furnish  roads,  it  was  long 
before  their  labors  produced  good  results.  Lots  were  laid  out  and  the  plan 
looked  well,  but  the  proprietors  came  not,  settlers  did  not  buy  the  lots, 
trespassers  were  boldly  cutting  the  valuable  pine,  and  in  October,  1770,  the 
proprietors  chose  a  committee  to  prosecute  them  and  burn  the  hay  they  had 
cut  and  stacked  to  facilitate  their  operations.  Arrangements  were  also  made 
to  clear  the  road,  later  Upper  street,  which  passed  into  Bakerstown  and  over 
Dillingham  hill.  In  1771  the  proprietors,  to  meet  the  conditions  of  their 
charter,  voted  to  give  30  lots  to  settlers,  and,  if  they  had  no  meadow,  might 
cut  hay  on  any  proprietor's  land  for  five  years.  In  August  they  offered  a 
bounty  of  X6  to  each  settler  who  should  take  a  lot  and  clear  five  acres  by 


808  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

November  1,  1772.  Even  this  inducement  failed.  In  April,  1771,  they  offered 
to  any  one  who  would  build  a  saw-mill  b}''  January,  1773,  and  a  grist-mill  by 
1775,  two  settling  lots,  and  in  August  voted  to  get  these  mills  built  on  best 
terms  possible  and  to  give  X20  additional  to  the  lots.  April  15, 1772,  an  agent 
was  appointed  to  influence  the  Court  of  Sessions  to  lay  out  and  open  a  road 
from  Little  Androscoggin  river,  and  Mr  Josiah  Smith  was  directed  to  procure 
some  kind  of  conveyance  for  horses  over  that  stream.  A  bounty  of  X4  10s. 
was  offered  to  settlers  locating  between  November  1,  1772,  and  July  1,  1773. 

In  1772  Daniel  Staples,  Thomas  and  Elisha  Records,  Joseph  Leavitt  and 
Abner  Phillips  became  pioneers  in  Sylvester,  and  March,  1773,  were  voted  the 
j£10  bounty  on  condition  of  "completing  the  terms  of  settlement." 

Jacob  Leavitt,^  the  fiitber  of  Joseph,  came  from  Pembroke,  Mass.  The  line  of  ancestry, 
in  the  sketch  of  Joseph  Leavitt,  in  the  "History  of  Turner,"  is  incorrect.  The  writer 
of  that  sketch  talies  pleasure  in  correcting  the  error,  which  arose  through  consulting 
authorities  by  correspondence.  Josiah ^  Leavitt  had  a  sou,  Jacob,  born  1732  or  17.33,  but 
he  died  unmarried.  Israel.a  brother  of  Josiah, ^  had  a  son,  Jacob,  born  1732  in  Pembroke, 
and  he  is  undoubtedly  the  patriarch  of  the  Turner  families.  An  unpublished  work,  by 
John  S.  Leavitt,  late  of  Chicago  (now  in  the  writer's  possession),  is  very  full  j  the  compiler 
was  painstaking  and  faithful.  From  this  genealogy  I  find  that  Solomon,'^  son  of  Israel, 2 
John^  (John  1  Leavitt  was  born  in  England  in  1608,  came  to  Dorchester,  Mass.,  in  1628, 
removed  to  Hingham  in  1636,  and  died  in  1691),  removed  from  Hiugham  to  Pembroke, 
and  died  at  an  advanced  age.  His  son,  Jacob,^  the  patriarch  of  the  Turner  families,  was 
born  in  Pembroke,  February  4,  1732.  He  was  married  by  Rev.  Daniel  Leires,  of  that  town, 
to  Sylvia  Bonney,  daughter  of  Ichabod  Bonney,  Esq.,  of  Pembroke,  March  15,  17.53.  He 
removed  to  Turner,  August  6,  1778,  and  died,  January  25,  1814,  aged  82  years.  Mrs  Sylvia 
(Bonney)  Leavitt  was  born  in  Pembroke,-  September  3,  1733,  and  died  in  Turner,  December 
31,  1810.  Jacob  Leavitt  was  father  of  13  children.  His  son,  Joseph  Leavitt,  born  in 
Pembroke,  in  1755  or  1756,  was  among  the  first  to  enlist  in  the  army  of  the  Revolution. 
He  served  only  one  enlistment,  subsequently  coming  to  Maine  as  assistant  to  the  govern- 
ment surveyors.  He  liked  the  country,  and  asked  the  surveyors  of  what  is  now  Turner 
to  assign  a  lot  to  him,  which  they  did,  next  to  the  "meeting-house  lot"  on  Dpper  street, 
where  he  made  a  home,  and  lived  and  died.  This  is  still  known  as  the  Joseph  Leavitt 
place.  He  was  married  three  times;  first  to  Anna  Stevens, 3  who  bore  him  8  children;  the 
eldest,  Joseph^  Leavitt,  was  born  in  1777,  and  was  the  first  white  male  child  born  in 
the  town.  His  second  wife,  Hannah  Chandler,  bore  him  two  children.  His  third  wife, 
Elsea  Caswell,  was  childless.  As  years  passed  on,  Mr  Leavitt  opened  his  doors  to  travelers, 
though  he  never  put  up  a  "sign"  of  tavern.  He  built  the  first  frame  building  in  town, 
still  an  old  landmark.     His  sterling  integrity  and  liberal  hand  won  friends  while  living, 

1  By  Mrs  Caroline  W.  D.  Rich. 

-It  may  be  of  interest  to  state  that  the  sister  of  his  wife — Lydia,  daughter  of  Ichabod  Bonney  — 
married  Eleazer  Hamlin,  and  was  grandmother  of  Hannibal  Hamlin  —  not  great-grandmother,  as  the 
"  Turner  History  "  has  it. 

3  It  may  be  of  interest  to  know  that  the  mother  of  Maine's  early  humorist  and  poet,  Seba  Smith, 
was  Aphia  Stevens,  sister  of  Anna,  wife  of  Joseph  Leavitt. 


Town  of  Turner.  809 


and  left  a  memory  greatly  beloved  and  respected.  His  granddaughter  —  the  writer  of 
this  sketch  — is  the  seventh  child  of  Annas  (Leavitt)  Stockbridge  ;  the  sixth  child,  by  his 
first  wife,  who  was  born  in  Turner,  March  20,  1787,  died  in  Auburn,  February  19,  1870. 
The  Leavitt  family  has  been  remarkable  for  longevity  ;  nearly  all  of  Jacob  Leavitt's 
children  living  to  ripe  age.  Of  Josephs  Leavitt's  children,  most  lived  beyond  threescore 
and  ten  years,  some  attaining  a  much  greater  age. 

In  1773  Peleg  Wadsworth,  Ichabod  Boniiey,  Jr,  and  Peleg  Chandler  per- 
formed such  settlers'  duties  (probably  by  hiring  the  above  young  men  to  do 
the  labor)  as  entitled  them  to  three  "settlers'  lots,"  and  Josiah  Staples  occupied 
another.  Elisha  Lake  brought  his  family  this  year,  but  soon  went  away. 
Peleg  Wadsworth,  afterwards  general,  took  an  active  part  in  lotting  and  selling 
the  town,  but  did  not  become  a  permanent  settler.  Ichabod  Bonney,  Jr,  did 
not  become  a  resident  until  1783.  July  19,  1774,  Ichabod  Bonney  was  chosen 
by  the  proprietors  to  go  to  Sylvester  and  forward  the  building  of  a  saw  and 
grist  mill,  and  was  voted  £4:  a  month  and  his  own  expenses.  In  1775  Israel 
Haskell,  Moses  Stevens^  from  New  Gloucester,  and  Hezekiah  Bryant  from 
Halifax,  came  with  their  families  ;  Haskell  in  the  spring,  Bryant  in  the  early 
summer,  and  Stevens  later.  This  year  the  first  division  of  lots  was  made,  each 
proprietor  receiving  one,  and  30  "settlers' lots  "  numbered.  These  were  mostly 
on  Upper  and  Lower  streets,  but  a  few  were  south  of  the  village.  No  pro- 
prietors' meetings  were  held  for  some  years,  but  their  vigilant  agent  was 
securing  valuable  settlers  and  making  their  labors  as  easy  as  possible.  By 
1780  there  were  here:  Mark  and  Samuel  Andrews,  Jotham  Briggs,  Israel 
Haskell,  Daniel  Briggs,  Abner,  Richard,  and  Isaac  Phillips,  Daniel,  Josiah,  and 
Seth  Staples,  Deacon  Daniel,  Levi  Benjamin,  and  Jabez  Merrill,  Jacob  and 
Joseph  Leavitt,  Charles,  Jr,  and  William  Turner,  Stephen  and  Hezekiah  Bryant, 
Deacon  Benjamin  True,^  William  Hayford,  John  Keen,  Henry  Jones,  Ezekiel, 
Jr,  William,  and  Jesse  Bradford,  James  and  Ebenezer  Crooker,  Moses  Stevens 
(Mrs  Stevens  died  in  1780,  the  first  death),  Samuel  Blake,  Malachi  Water- 
man, Hezekiah  Hill,  most  of  them  with  families.  Elijah  Gilbert  came  about 
1783,  bought  four  lots,  embracing  a  part  of  the  cedar  swamp  near  "  Gilbert 

1  Moses  Stevens  married,  second,  Mrs  Hannah  Davis,  of  Gloucester,  Mass.  His  children  were: 
Anna,  m.  Joseph  Leavitt;  Jacob,  m.  Martha  Sawyer;  Mary,  m.  Isaac  Phillii^s;  Elizabeth,  m.  Oliver 
Turner;  3Ioses,  m.  Nancy  Smith;  Alpha,  m.  Seba  Smith;  Michael,  m.  Polly  Bryant;  Lydia  D.,m. 
Alden  Blossom.  His  descendants  are  numerous  in  the  county,  and  are  among  the  valued  and  respected 
citizens.     (See  page  610.) 

-Deacon  Benjamin  True  came  from  New  Gloucester.  His  wife  was  Rhoda  Merrill.  Their  sons 
were  Giles.  Jabez,  Benjamin.  Deacon  True  died  in  Livermore  in  1814.  He  was  a  man  of  genuine 
unostentatious  piety,  gentleness,  and  humility;  his  candor  and  liberality  upon  all  subjects  of  religious 
controversy,  softened  the  asperities  and  commanded  the  respect  of  all  who  came  within  theintiuence 
of  his  example.  Col  Philip  True  died  in  South  Turner,  December  15,  18«.5,  aged  94  yrs.  2  mos.  25  days. 
His  wife,  Sophia  Beals,  died  July  1,  1889,  aged  95  yrs.  1  mo.  15  days.  They  were  born  in  Auburn, 
were  married  November  25,  1813,  and  in  1823  bought  the  Parson  Strickland  farm,  where  they  passed 
the  rest  of  their  72  years  of  married  life.    He  was  a  noted  temperance  worker. 


810  HiSTOEY  OF  Androscoggin  County. 

hills,"  between  Upper  street  and  the  river.  He  m.  Mrs  Hannah  (Stetson) 
Randall;  children:  Josiah,  Elijah,  Eunice,  Caleb,  Hannah,  James  D.  Josiah 
m.  Bethany  Day  ;  children :  Daniel,  Clarissa,  Olive,  Luther,  Sarah,  Randall, 
Lovica.  Caleb  m.  Diana  Curtis ;  children  :  Lewis  (see  page  525),  Caleb, 
Diana,  Franklin,  Melzar,  Hiram.  By  second  wife,  Achsah  Burgess,  had 
children:  Achsah,  Elijah,  Mary,  Love.  Hon.  Washington  Gilbert,  of  Bath, 
son  of  James  D.,  was  a  lawyer  of  ability,  judge  of  probate  eight  years,  a 
candidate  for  member  of  Congress,  and  in  1875  a  member  of  the  commission 
to  revise  the  state  constitution.     He  died  in  1890,  aged  74. 

The  growth  was  now  rapid,  and  April  26,  1786,  the  proprietors  voted  to 
consent  to  the  incorporation,  and  named  the  town  in  honor  of  Rev.  Charles 
Turner. 

Turner  was  incorporated  the  47th  town,  July  7,  1786.  Ichabod  Bonney^ 
called  the  first  town  meeting,  held  at  the  meeting-house,  March  6,  1787.  Dr 
Daniel  Child  was  chosen  moderator;  Benjamin  True,  clerk;  Ichabod  Bonney, 
Benjamin  True,  Israel  Haskell,  selectmen;  Samuel  Blake,  treasurer;  Moses 
Stevens,  Jeremiah  Dillitigham,  Stephen  Bryant,  Henry  Jones,  surveyors; 
Stephen  Bryant,  Israel  Haskell,  wardens.  In  1788  <£80  was  raised  for  roads, 
and  one  from  the  Centre  through  Lower  street,  one  from  the  meeting-house  to 
Lower  street  school-house,  one  down  Cary  hill  to  Blake's  mill,  and  one  from 
Upper  to  Lower  street  by  Nelson  Jones's  were  established.  Voted  <£12  for 
school  and  <£33  for  Parson  Strickland  salary  "to  be  paid  in  silver."  In  1789 
<£40  was  raised  to  build  three  school-houses. 

The  population  was  856  in  1790.  The  heads  of  families  and  dates  of  coming 
were,  according  to  Dr  Howe:  — 

Mark  Andrews,  1780.  Samuel  Blake,  1777,  located  on  mill  lot.  Ichabod  Bonney,  1783. 
John  Bonney,  1789.  Ezekiel  Bradford,  1780,  lot  60.  Ezekiel  Bradford,  Jr,  1784.  Jesse 
Bradford,  1783,  lot  171.  Jotham  and  Jotham,  Jr,  Briggs,  1778,  lot  47.  Stephen  Bryant, 
1778,  lot  74.  Daniel  Child,  1781,  lot  78.  Jacob  Davis,  1790.  John  Dillingham,  1780. 
Daniel  French,  1781,  lot  72.  Nathaniel  Gilbert,  1783.  Israel  Hascall,  1775,  lot  27.  Caleb 
House,  1783.  He  had  served  in  the  French  War  and  the  Revolution.  Henry  Jones,  1779, 
lot  77.  Jacob  Leavitt,  1778.  Jabez  Merrill,  1778,  lot  58.  Daniel  Merrill,  1778.  Nathan 
Niles,  1780.  Abner  Phillips,  1776,  lot  28.  Mary  Phillips,  1779.  Jazial  Smith,  1787.  Jazial 
Smith,  Jr,  1790.    Josiah  Staples,  1777,  lot  49.     John  Strickland,  1784.     Benjamin  True, 

'^Ichabod  Bonney  was  born  in  Pembroke,  Mass.,  September  3,  1737.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  efforts  for  the  settlement  of  Turner,  acquired  a  settler's  lot  in  1773,  served  as  an  officer  in  the 
Revolution,  and  removed  to  Turner  in  1783.  He  married,  first,  Mary  Turner,  of  Pembroke.  Their 
children  were  Ichabod,  Mary,  John,  Sarah,  Joseph,  Nabby,  and  Sylvia.  Mr  Bonney  married,  second, 
Rhoda  House,  September  13,  1801.  He  resided  in  the  west  of  the  town,  near  the  old  muster  field.  He 
died  February  25,  1807,  sincerely  lamented  by  a  large  circle.  His  name  appears  often  as  chairman  of 
the  selectmen  and  town  clerk.  Of  his  descendants  William  L.  Bonney,  son  of  Ichabod  and  Polly 
(Lowell)  Bonney,  has  been  a  merchant  for  many  years,  filled  many  town  offices,  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church  for  33  years,  and  is  senior  deacon.  Mr  Bonney  married  a  daughter  of  Sumner 
French.  Their  son,  Percival  Bonney,  of  Portland,  is  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cumberland 
county. 


Town  of  Turner.  811 


]780.  Samuel  Andrews,  1780.  Caleb  Blake,  1777.  Isaiah  Bonney,  \78',i.  Ichabod  Bonney, 
Jr,  1783.  Wra  Bradford,  1777,  lot  56.  Chandler  Bradford,  1783,  lot  47.  Martin  Bradford, 
1788,  lot  62.  Daniel  Briggs,'  1777,  lot  48.  John  Brown,  1790.  Hezekiah  Bryant,  1775, 
lot  58.  Joseph  Copeland,  1790.  Jeremiah  Dillingham,  1780.  Andrew  Elliot,  1788.  Elijah 
Gilbert,  1783.  Samuel  Gorham,  1780.  Wm  Hayford,  1778.  Benjamin  Jones,  1780.  John 
Keen,2  1777,  lot  34.  Joseph  Leavitt,  1776,  lot  53.  Levi  Merrill,  1778.  Benaiah  Niles,  1780. 
Richard  Phillips,  1780,  lot  39.  Richard  Phillips,  Jr,  1777.  Jonathan  Pratt,  1790.  Laban 
Smith,  1790.  Asa  Smith,  1790.  Moses  Stevens,  1775,  lot  32.  Seth  Staples,  1778,  lot  33. 
Job  Young,  1788.  [Daniel  Cary  settled  on  lot  76,  Ezra  Cary  on  lot  26,  and  Joshua  Barrell 
on  lot  46,  but  were  not  in  the  census  of  this  year.]  Many  of  these  were  soldiers  of  the 
Revolution. 

In  1791  the  selectmen  were  allowed  16  shillings  for  services.  In  1794 
XlOO  was  voted  for  building  bridges  over  Twenty-mile  river;  one  above 
Blake's  dam,  the  other  at  "  Mr  True's  waiding-place."  From  1780  to  1820  the 
amount  for  schools  increased  from  <£20  to  -fSOO  (sometimes  -^450)  annually. 
Four  districts  were  formed  in  1796,  and  from  this  time  capable  men  were 
chosen  on  school  committees. 

Rev.  Paul  Coffin,  the  missionary,  says  in  his  journal:  "1796,  June  29.  Rode 
to  Turner  from  Buckfield,  having  on  my  left  Twenty-mile  river.  Turner  is 
beautiful.  The  roads,  houses,  and  farms  make  the  town  appear  old,  improved, 
and  ver}'  agreeable.  This  was  much  the  prettiest  place  seen  since  I  had  left 
Gorham.  Visited  Brother  Strickling  the  parson.  Put  up  with  Dr  Hay,  who 
boards  with  a  Mr  Leavitt,  whose  house,  farm,  and  situation  are  elevated  and 
good.  This  town  is  25  years  old  and  yields  to  few  inland  towns  in  America  for 
its  agriculture." 

Habits  of  the  Settlers.  —  Hon.  Washington  Gilbert,  late  of  Bath,  in  his 
centennial  address  said  that  "A  frugal  industry  marked  their  ways.  Hence 
they  were  enabled  to  subdue  an  unbroken  forest,  to  overcome  the  difficulties 
of  frontier  life,  where  everything  was  to  be  created  by  labor  out  of  the  natural 
resources  of    the  country,  and  through  privations  and  hardship)  to  attain  to 

1  Daniel  Briggs  and  wife,  Silence  (Hart)  Briggs,  came  from  Taunton.  Children:  Daniel,  Silence, 
Abiathar,  Arauna,  Anna,  Betsey,  Hart,  John,  Lydia.  D.  J.  Briggs,  grandson  of  Daniel  Briggs  and 
son  of  Hart  and  Phebe  Jones  Briggs,  was  born  in  Turner  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  He 
married  Anna  C.  Cary,  a  descendant  of  Dr  Luther  Cary.  He  was  commander  of  an  independent 
company  of  militia  and  for  live  years  connected  with  the  first  cornet  band  in  town.  He  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  Turner  Grange,  No.  23,  P.  of  H.,  also  a  member  of  Androscoggin  County  Grange, 
and  has  held  offices  in  both  organizations.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Turner  Centre  Dairying  Associa- 
tion and  of  the  Farmers'  Protective  Union,  and  was  for  three'  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Agri- 
culture from  this  county.  He  is  a  farmer,  a  breeder  of  American  Jersey  cattle  and  Southdown  sheep, 
and  has  paid  attention  to  orcharding. 

-John  Keen  came  from  Tavinton.  He  married  Jerusha  Blake,  who  died  January  17,  18.31,  aged  92. 
By  her  retentive  memory  she  aided  much  in  preserving  the  early  history  of  the  town.  Children: 
Keziah  m.  Meschech  Keen;  John;  Jerusha,  m.  Elijah  Fisher;  Elisha,  m.  Anna  Briggs;  Mary  B.,  ra. 
John  Munroe;  Grinfill,  m.  Molly  Rose;  Mercy,  m.  Bradford  Rose;  Rebecca,  m.  Elisha  Pratt;  Edward, 
m.  Hannah  Kingsley;  Priscilla,  m.  Gushing  Phillips. 


812  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


general  thrift  and  competence.  Their  frugality  descended  to  minute  things. 
Children  were  taught  that  it  was  sinful  to  suffer  a  kernel  of  corn  to  be  wasted. 
The  pipe  was  lighted  by  a  coal  from  the  hearth,  or  by  a  blazing  sliver  first 
lighted  at  the  open  fire.  The  burning  coals  were  preserved  on  the  hearth  over 
night  to  rekindle  the  fire  on  the  following  morning.  No  expense  of  match  or 
tinder  box  vexed  the  finances  of  the  family  until  competence  had  been  reached. 
Such  was  the  diligent  care  of  the  elders." 

The  population  in  1800  was  710.  85  deaths  occurred  from  1790  to  1800.  The  new- 
comers were :  James  Alden,  1792.  Moses  and  Benjamin  Alden,  1795.  Isaiah  Bouney,  1792. 
Samuel  Bowing.  Wait  and  Simeon  Bradford,  1792,  Arthur  Bradmau.  John  Brown,  1798. 
Alden  Blossom,  1800.  Benjamin  Conant,i  1795.  Luther  Gary,  1798.  Zachari  Gary,  1800. 
Benjamin  Chamberlain,  1792.  Zachariah  Chickeriug.  Jonathan  Gushman.  Benjamin 
Evans,  1795.  William  Hariden.  Samuel  Irish.  Sylvester  Jones,  1795.  Samuel  Kinsley. 
Isaiah  and  Gyrus  Leavitt,  179G.  William,  and  William,  Jr,  Loring,  1791.  John  Loring, 
1792.  Joseph  Ludden,  1791.  Levi  Ludden,  1796.  Galeb  Lumbard,  1796.  Willard  Mason, 
1799.  William  May.  Abijah  Morse.  Samuel  Pumpilly.  1792.  Benuet  Pumpilly,  1791. 
Dan  Pratt,  1799.  Elisha  Pratt,  1797.  Job  Randall,  1797.  Samuel  Roberts.  Nathaniel 
and  Jesse  Robertson,  1798.  Nathaniel  Sawtell,  1798.  Simon  and  William  Silly.  Moses 
Smith,  1792.  John  Soul,  1794.  Samuel  Spear.  Moses  Swett.  Judah  Teague,  1798. 
Abner  Thayer,  1791.  Robinson  Turner,  1793.  John  Turner,  1798.  Ephraim  and  Gharles 
Turner,  1792.  John  Turner,  2d,  1796.  Daniel  Tattle.  Isaac  Washburn.  Southworth 
Washburn.     James  Whitman,  1797.     Nathaniel  Shaw,  1800. 

In  1802  a  number  of  families  became  residents;  among  them  those  of  Caleb 
Brown,  John  Cobb,  Francis  Cushing,  Stephen  Drew,  David  Hale,  David  Talbot, 
Reuben  Thorp,  David  Hood.  In  1804,  voted  (for  the  first  time)  for  presi- 
dential electors  ;  also  to  annex  the  north  part  of  the  town  to  Livermore,  and 
to  form  a  new  county.  In  1805  the  Universalist  Society  was  allowed  "to  use 
the  meeting-house  a  portion  of  the  time."  From  1803  to  1806  the  voting  list 
was  increased  b}^  James  Lara,  Caleb  Snell,  Oliver  Pollard,  James  Torre}^  John 
Streeter,  Elisha  Sylvester,  Simeon  Waistcoat,  Martin  Leonard,  Stephen  Safford, 

^Benjamin  Conant,  born  in  175G  in  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  served  in  the  Revolution,  and  came  in  1795. 
His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Hooper.  His  sons,  Marcus,  Benjamin,  Hooper,  and  Hezekiah,  passed  their 
lives  here.  Ben/a/n/n,'- born  in  1794,  died  in  1868.  He  m.  Alethea  Staples.  Children:  Alonzo,  Leonard, 
Abigail,  Betsey,  Benjamin,  Clarissa,  Hezekiah,  Lewis,  Oscar,  and  Almeda.  Hooper,  born  July  10, 1793, 
m.  Anna  Keene.  Children:  Calvin,  Anna  B.,  Lot,  Wiuslow,  Lucetta  K.,  and  Isaac.  Silvanys  Conant, 
born  in  Bridgewater,  May  23,  1747,  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  moved  to  Turner,  where  he  died  June 
22,  1828.  He  had  one  son,  Sylvanus,  who  served  in  the  War  of  1812.  Sylvanus  m.  1st,  Mary  Packard, 
and  2d,  Patience  Flagg.  Children:  Everett  Q.,  Edwin  A.,  Mary  A.  (m.  (1)  Henry  Tuttle,  (2)  Solon 
Chase,  of  Buckfleld),  Martha  J.,  John  A.,  Horatio  G.,  and  Sylvanus  M.  Benjaitiin^'^  born  in  Turner, 
Septembers,  1825,  settled  in  Auburn,  and,  in  1850,  formed  with  Lewis  Bradford  the  firm  of  Bradford  & 
Conant,  which,  in  1852,  engaged  in  the  furniture  business.  Mr  Conant  died  in  1885.  Anna  B.  Conant, 
born  in  1818,  m.  Isaac  Haskell,  of  Auburn.  Children:  Ellen  M.,  m.  S.  P.  Merrill;  Kate  F.,  m.  W.  E. 
Holmes;  Lizzie  H.,  m.  A.  M.  Peables,  M.D.;  Frank  A.;  Annie  C;  I.  Newton;  F.  Nelson;  Charles  S. 
Calv'm,  born  June  15,  1817,  m.  Celia  Staples.  Children:  Winslow;  Charles  S.;  Phoebe  A.,  m.  James 
W.  Talbot;  James  A.;  Olivia  C,  m.  Wm  R.  Dill;  George  C;  Lizzie  E.,  m.  C.  C.  Young;  Albion  L. ; 
Lois  D.,  m.  F.  P.  Talbot;  Henry  F.;  Hannah  A.;  Frederick  L.;  Alonzo  L.  Everett  Q.,  born  April  2, 
1809,  in  Turner,  m.  Lurania  Turner,  of  Livermore. 


Town  of  Turner.  813 


Dr  Timothy  Howe,  and  others.  In  1807  the  "river  road  was  laid  out,"  and 
66  votes  were  cast  for  and  33  against  "  making  Maine  a  state."  Up  to  1810 
many  roads  were  laid  out,  and  large  sums  for  those  days  were  voted  for 
highways.  The  work  of  clearing  the  fields  and  building  a  better  class  of 
houses  and  barns  had  commenced,  and  some  sections  had  quite  a  garden-like 
appearance.  In  1810  there  were  1,128  inhabitants,  and  a  bounty  on  crows  of 
17  cents  was  voted.  In  1811  dangers  threatened  ;  |50  was  voted  for  a  powder- 
house,  and  in  1812  a  committee  was  chosen  to  consider  "our  present  alarming 
situation,"  and  ascertain  how  best  to  secure  volunteers  for  the  army.'  In  1814 
$500  was  voted  for  a  bridge  across  Twenty-mile  river.  In  1815,  petitioned  the 
legislature  for  permission  to  divide  the  interest  of  ministerial  fund.  In  1816, 
voted  75  for,  65  against  erecting  Maine  into  a  state.  In  1819,  151  votes  were 
cast  for,  15  against,  forming  the  state  of  Maine,  and  Gen.  John  Turner  and 
Dr  Philip  Bradford  were  chosen  delegates  to  the  convention  to  form  a  state 
constitution.  In  1820,  the  population  was  1,720,  286  families,  287  persons 
engaged  in  agriculture,  35  in  manufacturing.  In  1821  David  Talbot  and  Alden 
Blossom  were  licensed  as  "inn-holders,"  Cyrus  Clark,  William  Parris,  Alden 
Blossom,  and  Isaac  Chase  "to  retail  strong  liquors."  In  1822  "voted  to 
indemnify  the  trustees  of  the  school  fund  from  harm  in  consequence  of  a  part 
of  the  interest  of  said  fund  being  expended  in  a  common  English  school." 

1823,  raised  $600  for  roads.  Men  to  have  $1  per  day  till  the  middle  of  July,  from  then 
to  December  75  cents,  and  50  cents  in  other  mouths ;  oxen  75  cents  per  day.  Raised  $500  for 
schools,  $500  for  the  poor.  The  poor  were  bid  off  at  auction,  at  from  16  to  25  cents  a  week. 
1824,  cattle,  excepting  cows,  were  prohibited  from  running  at  large.  Voted  the  town  pay  every 
soldier  doing  duty  at  the  brigade  review,  20  cents  in  lieu  of  rations.  1826,  raised  $1,000 
for  highways  and  bridges.  1827,  voted  to  build  Meadow  Brook  bridge.  1828,  appointed  a 
committee  to  see  if  deeds  could  be  obtained  of  the  burying  places.  Instructed  the  high- 
way surveyors  not  to  furnish  liquor  to  laborers.  1829,  raised  $300  for  a  county  road  near 
the  Androscoggin  river.  1830,  voted  to  build  a  town  house.  Population  2,218.  1831, 
located  the  town  house,  and  raised  $300  to  build  it.  1832,  raised  $1,000  for  schools.  1833, 
prohibited  cattle  from  running  at  large.  1834,  voted  to  open  a  road  and  build  a  bridge 
near  Philip  Williams's.  1835,  accepted  the  road  from  Snell's  hill  to  the  road  from  Turner 
village  to  Minot.     1836,  raised  $3,500  for  roads  and  bridges.     1838,  bought  a  town  farm. 

1839,  raised  $6,100  for  town  expenses.      Chose  a  committee  for  surplus  revenue  fund. 

1840,  population  2,479;  1,.365  engaged  in  agriculture ;  192  in  manufacture  and  trades;  7 
in  professions ;  1  in  navigation ;  13  Revolutionary  pensioners;  1  deaf-and-dumb  person;  5 
insane  persons ;  .  grammar  school ;  10  grammar  scholars;  17  primary  schools  ;  1,067  scholars 
between  4  and  21 ;  10  scholars  at  public  charge  ;   8  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age 

1  Wa7-  f  1812.  — Judge  Prince  says  in  his  sketch  of  Turner:  "In  this  war  the  following  served  on 
the  CaDu.da  frontier  one  year  or  more:  Capt.  Stephen  Turner,  Isaac  Allen,  James  Allen,  James  Allen, 
Jr,  J'lcob  Merrill,  William  Lombard,  Theodocius  Merrill,  Peter  Lombard,  John  Bailey,  Charles 
Staties,  Josiah  Keen,  Israel  Smith,  Jacob  Keen,  and  Barnet  Pumi)illy.  The  two  companies  of 
infantry,  commanded  by  Captains  Seth  Staples  and  Aaron  Soule,  and  one  of  artillery,  Capt.  Leonard 
Richmond,  were  ordered  to  Portland  in  September,  1814,  where  they  served  two  weeks,  when  one-half 
were  drafted  for  40  days  longer.    The  artillery  also  remained.     Benjamin  Jones  furnished  nine  sons. 


814  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

who  cannot  read  and  write.  For  the  next  four  years  much  action  was  taken  concerning 
roads.  ]845,  voted  to  repair  or  rebuild  the  bridge  near  Zebulon  Bearce's  and  alter  Lower 
street.  1846,  raised  $-3,000  for  roads  and  bridges.  Chose  a  committee  to  prosecute 
violations  of  the  license  law.  1849,  voted  to  accept  the  road  from  John  Swett's  to  Samuel 
Barren's.  Annexed  lands  of  Richard  Hutchinson,  of  Hartford.  1850,  appropriated  $100  for 
a  bridge  across  Martin  stream.  1851,  built  a  bridge  across  Twenty-Mile  river.  Raised 
$1,200  for  schools.  1853,  voted  to  build  a  covered  bridge  at  Turner  village,  and  to  raise 
$1,000  for  that  purpose.  Voted  to  build  a  permanent  covered  bridge  at  Bradford's  village. 
1854,  raised  $8,900  for  town  expenses.  1855,  voted  to  build  a  "Kingpost"  bridge  near 
Daniel  Russell's.  18.")6,  elected  William  R.  French  supervisor  of  schools.  Voted  to  sell 
the  town  farm.  1857,  deeded  the  burying-ground  at  Turner  village  to  a  corporation.  Voted 
to  purchase  the  Martin  Harris  farm  for  a  poor  farm.  1858,  voted  to  pay  $2,433  for  building 
the  river  road.     1859,  Charles  E.  Bradford  supervisor  of  schools.     Raised  $]  ,.521  for  schools. 

1860,  renewed  the  marks  and  bounds  between  Turner  and  Auburn,  Buckfield,  Hebron, 
and  Miuot.  1861,  chose  superintending  school  committee  in  place  of  supervisor.  1862, 
raised  $2,700  for  poor  and  town  charges;  $1,610  for  schools;  $5,000  for  roads  and 
bridges.  Voted  to  exempt  from  taxation  all  manufactories  of  cotton  and  woolen  fabrics, 
hereafter  erected  in  town.  1863,  opened  the  county  road  from  Cushing's  school-house 
to  Farmington  road.  Raised  $1,050  to  build  a  covered  bridge  across  Twenty-mile  river, 
near  Benjamin  Briggs's.     1864,  raised  $450  to  build  bridge  at  Keen's  Mills. 

Action  in  the  Rebellion.  —  Turner  sent  319  soldiers  to  the  Union  army;  paid  $62,445  in 
bounties;  $l,575for  soldiers' relief;  $6,782.11  aid  to  families.  1861,  August  26,  authorized  the 
selectmen  to  provide  for  volunteers' families,  and  hire  $300  for  that  purpose.  1862,  April  12, 
voted  $300  for  soldiers'  and  sailors'  families.  July  26,  instructed  the  selectmen  to  hire 
$3,000,  and  to  pay  $100  to  new  volunteers  within  15  days.  August  23,  voted  to  pay 
nine-months'  men  $20  each  when  mustered  into  service;  to  pay  $30  to  his  wife  or  to  whom 
he  may  designate.  1863,  November  4,  voted  to  pay  $100  to  each  volunteer  under  the  last 
call.  November  28,  voted  to  pay  to  each  volunteer  $250  in  addition  to  the  $100.  1864, 
February  9,  instructed  the  treasurer  to  hire  $800  to  pay  to  soldiers'  families.  August  6, 
authorized  the  selectmen  to  open  recruiting  ofiQces  in  town,  and  voted  to  pay  $25  to  each 
volunteer  or  substitute.  Instructed  the  selectmen  to  solicit  subscriptions  to  obtain  volun- 
teers. August  10,  instructed  the  selectmen  to  give  a  town  note  (not  exceeding  $20,000)  to 
each  individual  for  amount  paid  by  him  to  obtain  volunteers  to  fill  the  quota  under  the  call 
for  500,000  men.  August  20,  instructed  treasurer  to  hire  $1,000  to  furnish  aid  to  families. 
August  26,  voted  to  pay  $300  for  one  year's  service.  September  2,  to  give  each  man  who 
furnishes  a  substitute  a  three-years'  note  of  $300.  1865,  January  10,  voted  $12,000  to  fill 
the  quota,  and  to  pay  $300  for  one  year,  $400  for  two  years,  $500  for  three  years.  January 
17,  voted  to  pay  $300  to  each  drafted  person  who  serves  one  year.  February  11,  voted 
to  raise  $5,000  additional.  March  1,  voted  to  pay  $200  to  each  volunteer  under  the  present 
call. 

1866,  voted  to  fund  the  town  debt.  1867,  raised  $16,000.  1868,  Chose  ?hillips  Bradford 
and  Isaac  Teague  to  superintend  the  building  of  Russell  bridge.  1870,  chose  u  committee  to 
investigate  town  affairs.  1873,  abolished  school  districts.  Raised  $500  for  free  high  schools. 
1875,  raised  $5,500  for  roads  and  bridges.  1877,  raised  $1,500  for  a  school-'^ouse  at 
Turner  Village.  Chose  Rufus  Prince  to  purchase  a  hearse,  etc.,  expenses  not  to  exceed 
$400.  1878,  appropriated  $10  to  Wilson  Post  for  Decoration  Day.  1879,  directec"  the 
selectmen  to  prepare  a  suitable  landing  at  Maybury's  Ferry. 

1880,  a  hard -fought  battle  between  Democrats  and  Republicans  at  annual  meeting; 
elected  for  first  and  second  selectmen,  Democrats,  and  for  third  selectman  a  Republican, 


Town  of  Turner.  815 


after  balloting21  times.  1883,  J.  T.  Gushing,  supervisor  of  schools.  Raised  .$2,700  for  schools, 
and  $180.50  for  high  schools.  Voted  to  buy  a  road-machine  and  to  open  the  county  road 
from  C.  H.  Barrell's  to  F.  A.  Allen's.  1884,  instructed  the  selectmen  to  build  a  school- 
house  in  the  French  district.  Money  raised,  $8,198.  1885,  voted  to  open  two  new  roads. 
1886,  Elisha  Pratt,  supervisor  of  schools.  Voted  that  the  centennial  committee  be  allowed 
$500;  also  to  rebuild  the  school-house  at  Turner  Village.  1887,  raised  $3,500  for  roads 
and  bridges.  1888,  raised  $1 ,600  to  pay  on  town  debt.  E.  V.  Stevens,  supervisor  of  schools. 
1890,  A.  T.  Gilmore  supervisor  of  schools.  Wm  B.  Bradford,  treasurer;  Walter  B.  Beals, 
town  agent.     Money  raised,  $8,825.     1891,  raised  $10,000  for  town  expenses. 


CHAPTER    L. 


County   Roads  and    Taverns  — Industries,   Traders,   Etc. — Turner  Village  — Turner 
Centre— North  Turner  — Keen's  Mills —Chase's  Mills— Bridges  — Civil  List. 

COUNTY  ROADS  and  Taverns,  Industries,  Traders,  Etc. John 
Keen  hung  out  the  first  tavern  sign  in  1792,  one-half  mile  north  of  Jacob 
Leavitt's  house.  I)r  Howe  says  that  the  first  county  road  was  completed 
in  1806  on  the  route  between  Farmington  and  Portland,  the  main  thoroughfare 
for  nearly  20  years.  Upon  it  the  taverns  of  Joseph  Leavitt  (the  first  in  town), 
Gen.  Alden  Blossom  (who  was  also  in  trade  for  years  alone  and  in  company 
with  Martin  Leonard),  Isaiah  Leavitt  and  David  Talbot  were  located.  In 
1825  a  new  county  road  was  opened  between  Farmington  and  Portland, 
through  North  Turner  and  Turner  Village.  Isaac  Gross  opened  a  hotel  at  the 
village  in  1835,  which  he  kept  for  16  years.  Wm  S.  Young  opened  one  at 
North  Turner.  The  same  year  a  county  road  was  located  on  the  route  from 
Concord,  N.  H.,  to  Augusta.  Major  Seth  Real  opened  a  tavern  on  this  road 
near  the  Androscoggin,  and  Church  Leavitt  one  at  North  Turner  Brido-e. 
The  road  from  Buckfield  to  Monmouth,  crossing  the  river  at  Turner  Centre 
Bridge,  was  also  opened  tliis  year.  Ezekiel  Martin  kept  a  tavern  on  the  county 
road  along  the  Androscoggin.  Mark  Andrews  was  the  first  trader  in  town. 
He  kept  his  goods  in  his  saddle-bags  for  some  years.  He  and  his  brother, 
Samuel,  who  came  in  1779,  were  soon  in  company  as  traders  on  the  farm  on 
Lower  street,  so  long  occupied  by  Rev.  George  Bates.  In  1786  Mark  Andrews 
bought  lot  76  in  first  division,  and  in  deed  was  called  of  Berkeley.  In  1793 
some  of  the  stock  was  spelling-books,  mouse-traps,  jew's-harps,  fish-hooks, 
penknives,  buttings,  tacks,  biscuit,  gingerbread,  and  cakes.  John  Loring 
opened  a  store  on  Upper  street  in  1792.  He  afterwards  was  at  the  village. 
William  Bradford,  here  in  1777,  was  a  blacksmith  and  farmer.  Daniel  French, 
1781,  was  the  first  tanner;    at  first  he  pounded  his  bark  with   a  hammer. 


816  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Joseph  Ludden,  1791,  was  an  iron  worker,  and  the  principal  blacksmith  for 
years.  Aaron  Rogers  and  Caleb  Bourne  had  blacksmith  shops  at  the  village 
in  1818. 

Turner  Village.  —  Samuel  Blake  contracted  with  the  proprietors  in 
1774  to  "build  a  grist  and  sawmill  within  one  year  from  October  25th,  and 
keep  them  in  repair  for  12  years,"  he  to  receive  the  mill-lot,  the  preparations 
already  made  for  building,  and  X33-6-8  L.  M.  This  mill  was  built  at  Turner 
Village,  and  destroyed  by  the  freshet  of  1785.  This  was  a  great  loss  to  the 
settlers,  but  they  dug  out  stump  mortars  in  which  to  crush  corn,  and  a  small 
mill  was  put  up  east  of  "  Meeting-house  hill,"  which  made  meal  until  the  water 
froze.  Samuel  Andrews  applied  a  windmill  to  his  mortar.  After  one  year 
Blake's  new  mills  were  in  operation,  and  this  power  has  been  in  use  almost 
continually  since.  Major  Oliver  Pollard  owned  the  mills  from  1800  to  1817, 
when  Col  Cyrus  Clark  became  owner,  rebuilt  the  saw-mill,  and  ran  it  many 
years.  It  passed  through  several  hands  before  it  was  burned  in  1856,  when  it 
belonged  to  Solon  Chase  and  Daniel  French,  who  rebuilt  it,  and  later  sold  to 
Charles  Blake  and  Asa  Jones.  Mr  Jones  sold  it  in  1885  to  Charles  F.  Willard, 
who  also  bought  the  tannery  of  Lucius  Dresser  (started  by  him  in  1840),  and 
put  in  a  box  and  lumber  mill,  where  he  employs  from  15  to  30  hands.  The 
grist-mill,  inherited  by  Gen.  Philo  Clark,  was  burned  in  1856,  and  one  of  the 
best  of  modern  mills  was  erected;  it  is  operated  by  W.  B.  Beals.  Before 
1800  a  fulling  mill  was  built  at  Turner  Village  by  David  Gorham,  who  was 
succeeded  successively  by  Alanson  Cary  and  Isaac  Gross.  The  latter  carried 
it  on  from  1820  until  it  was  discontinued  in  his  old  age.  He  held  many  public 
positions,  and  was  Republican  elector  in  1856.  He  died  January  12,  1881, 
aged  85.  About  1810  Nathan  Cole  built  oil  and  carding  mills,  which  were  run 
by  several  Coles.  The  oil-mill,  later  owned  by  Payne  Merrill  and  Melzar 
Gilbert,  was  closed  in  1886,  and  John  Donham  built  a  carriage  factory  on  its 
site,  which  was  burned  in  1856,  rebuilt,  and  enlarged  for  a  carriage  and  box 
factory.  Benjamin  W.  Knapp,  born  in  Danville  in  1837,  was  the  next  owner. 
He  is  a  Methodist  and  a  useful  citizen,  and  now  carries  on  carriage  making. 
Wm  B.  Bray,  George  Mitchell,  and  Hiram  Donham  enlarged  and  changed  the 
carding-mill  to  a  tub,  churn,  and  pail  factory,  which  was  burned  in  1856. 

The  Turner  ManufaeUiring  Compariy  was  incorporated  in  1836  with  Job 
Prince,  Major  Hiram  Clark,  Isaac  Gross,  Gen.  John  Turner,  and  Charles  Snell, 
directors;  Gen.  Alden  Blossom  obtaining  the  charter.  A  large  brick  building 
was  built,  but  the  panic  of  1837  stopped  the  work  until  1840,  when  Merrill, 
Cole  &  Co.  began  to  make  flannels,  satinets,  etc.  After  passing  through 
several  owners  Dwight  T.  Faulkner  purchased  the  property  and  made  flannel 
until  the  mill  was  burned  in  1856.  In  1862  the  mill  was  rebuilt,  and  it  has 
been  in  operation  most  of  the  time  since.  It  employs  50  hands  and  does  a 
yearly  business  of  $50,000.     It  is  the  largest  factory  of  the  town,  and  Francis 


Town  of  Turner.  817 


T.  Faulkner,^  the  proprietor,  who  has  had  charge  of  the  business  since  1862, 
has  often  run  it  at  a  very  small  profit  in  order  to  help  his  employes. 

F.  H.  Mitchell  tf  Co.  employ  8  to  10  men  in  making  fancy  saddler}'-,  and  do 
a  business  of  $5,000  a  year. 

William  B.  Bray  probably  opened  the  first  store  in  the  village.  Col  Cyrus 
Clark  had  a  store  from  1818  till  his  death,  January  21,  1835.  Gen.  Philo  Clark 
built  a  store  on  upper  Main  street  and  conducted  trade  from  1831  to  1849. 
Jesse  and  Hira  Bradford,  Jason  and  William  Mitchell,  Wallace  Clark,  C.  H. 
Littlefield  have  traded  here,  and  now  Rev.  A.  N.  Jones  is  in  trade  at  the  same 
stand.  His  immediate  predecessors  were  F.  W.  North,  L'Heureux  Bros.,  and 
Henry  Hildreth.  William  Harris  was  in  trade  from  1825  to  1*837.  W.  B. 
Bray,  Jr,  was  in  trade  from  1823  for  some  time;  his  brother  Jefferson  succeeded 
him.  Jesse  Bradford,  son  of  Dura  and  grandson  of  Jesse,  was  a  merchant  for 
years.  His  son,  William  B.,  was  born  in  Turner,  April  17,  1862,  and  from  a 
boy  has  traded  in  the  store  he  now  occupies.  He  has  been  town  treasurer 
several  years,  and  does  a  yearly  business  of  over  $15,000. 

John  Blake  has  carried  on  trade  alone  and  with  others.  William  H. 
French,  born  in  Auburn  in  1844,  dealer  in  stoves,  hardware,  and  tinware,  has 
conducted  trade  for  24  years  and  been  town  treasurer  three  years.  Other 
traders  are  William  L.  Bonney,  Carlos  E.  Kempton.^  W.  B.  Beals  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  flour,  corn,  meal,  and  feed.  A.  E.  Bradford  deals  in  wool. 
J.  C.  Hobbs  sells  fruit,  confectionery,  etc. 

With  its  manufactories,  its  live  traders,  its  hotel,  "Travelers'  Home,"  two 
churches,  flourishing  Masonic  (see  pages  245  and  250),  Odd  Fellow  (see  page 
280),  and  temperance  societies,  in  the  midst  of  an  intelligent  community. 
Turner  is  a  typical  New  England  village  and  proud  of  its  new  bridge,  which 
this  year  was  built  in  place  of  the  old  covered  one. 

^Francis  T.  Faidkne?',  son  of  Dwight  T.  and  Elizabeth  (Cole)  Faulkner,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
March  27,  1834.  He  is  very  prominent  in  Masonic  circles,  and  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the  best  informed 
Masons  in  the  county.  He  was  made  a  Mason  at  West  Randolph,  Mass.,  in  1856.  He  joined  Nezinscot 
Lodge  in  1862,  was  W.  M.  three  years,  and  has  held  office  nearly  all  the  time  since.  He  has  been 
District  Deputy  Grand  Master  and  a  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  and  is  a  member  of  Royal  Arch 
Chapter,  Dunlap  Council,  Lewiston  Commandery,  Lewiston  Lodge  of  Perfection,  Princes  of  Jerusalem, 
Dunlap  Chapter  Rose  Croix  of  Portland,  Maine  Consistory  of  Portland,  Red  Cross  Knights  of  Con- 
stantine,  Aleppo  Chapter  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  Blake  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Turner,  and 
Pokumkeswawaumokesis  Lodge  of  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men  of  Lewiston. 

■^  Carlos  E.  KemiUon,  son  of  Amasa  D.  and  Lucy  C.  (Hunt)  Kempton,  was  born  March  4,  1846,  at 
East  Bethel,  Vt.  He  attended  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  and  Eastman's  Business  College,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.  He  has  lived  in  Turner  many  years.  In  1868  he  joined  Nezinscot  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  was  Master  from  1871-1873.  He  received  his  chapter  degree  in  King  Hiram  Chapter,  Lewiston,  in 
1872,  and  was  High  Priest  of  Turner  Chapter  for  seven  years  from  its  organization.  He  is  a  Republi- 
can, an  active  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  a  worthy  and  valuable  citizen.  He  is  an  apothecary, 
and  also  has  a  good  stock  of  fancy  goods,  paints,  and  oils.  "  No  man  can  get  a  drop  of  intoxicating 
liquors  at  his  store."     He  is  an  excellent  pharmacist  and  his  store  is  a  model  of  neatness. 


818  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 

Turner  Centre.  —  Jesse  Bradford,  Gen.  John  Turner,  and  Henry  Jones 
built  saw  and  grist  mills  at  Turner  Centre  (then  Bradford  Village)  in  1795,  on 
a  privilege  leased  from  Joseph  Copeland.  It  was  soon  burned  and  rebuilt  by 
Turner  and  Bradford.  Joseph  Ludden  purchased  it  after  Jesse  Bradford's 
death,  in  1829,  and  operated  it  thereafter.  Mr  Ludden  and  Hartson  Bradford 
also  bought  the  saw-mill.  A  fulling  mill  was  built  here  very  early  by  John 
Haley,  later  operated  by  the  Bradfords,  and  still  later  by  William  Harris. 
Anson  Gott  turned  it  into  a  wooden  bowl  factory.  Hosea  Cushman  had  a  trip 
hammer  in  his  blacksmith  shop,  run  by  water.  These  mills  were  active  until 
swept  off  by  high  water  in  1845.  The  privilege  then  reverted  to  the  heirs  of 
Joseph  Copeland  and  David  Hood.  The  Hood  interest  was  bought  by  Lyman 
Eustis  and  Eland  Fuller  and  no  manufacturing  is  done.  Reuben  Thorp 
conducted  a  pottery  of  brown  earthenware  for  years  from  1802.  He  died  in 
1823.  Here  also  Hannibal  Thompson  made  for  many  years  famous  spinning- 
wheels.  Leonard  Richmond  early  built  a  house,  a  store,  and  a  shop  where  he 
made  reeds  for  hand  looms.  Thomas  Additon,  Joel  Fairbanks,  and  William 
Mitchell  also  made  reeds.  The  Centre  has  been  a  good  place  for  trade. 
Besides  Richmond,  the  merchants  have  been  Samuel  Wood,  Jesse  Hartson, 
Hira  Bradford,  Joel  Paine,  Allen  Bonney  and  perhaps  others  before  Lewis  P. 
Bradford,  the  present  trader,  came. 

The  Turner  Centre  Dairi/ln(/  Association  was  incorporated  in  1882  for  the 
"  manufacture  of  butter,  cheese,  and  evaporated  apples."  The  industry 
established  by  this  company  is  located  in  a  rich  valley  at  Turner  Centre, 
surrounded  by  splendid  hill  and  valley  farms,  conducted  by  intelligent,  wide- 
awake farmers.  A  cheese  factory  was  located  there  early  in  the  introduction 
of  the  associated  system  of  dairying  into  Maine.  This  was  successful,  and  the 
product  had  a  great  reputation.  Later  the  creamery  system  was  introduced 
and,  still  retaining  the  cheese  factory,  the  basement  was  fitted  up,  and  Edwin 
L.*Bradford  began  to  make  butter  February  4, 1884.  As  the  excellence  of  the 
product  became  known,  the  best  markets  sought  its  goods.  This  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  farmers  and  private  dairymen,  who  also  turned  their  cream 
into  the  factory.  In  1888  the  manufacture  of  cheese  was  abandoned,  the 
building  remodelled  and  refitted  into  a  first-class  creamery,  with  all  the  facilities 
to  carry  on  a  large  business.  The  daily  capacity  is  about  1,000  pounds. 
i62,000  was  distributed  last  year  among  the  patrons.  The  business  is  done 
under  the  name  Turner  Centre  Creamery.  It  has  a  warehouse  on  Main  street, 
Lewiston,  and  sends  a  large  amount  of  cream  to  Massachusetts  cities.  The 
efficient  butter  maker,  Mr  Bradford,  has  brought  good  sense,  inventive  skill, 
and  adaptive  ability  to  the  work,  and  should  have  a  large  share  of  the  honor 
of  the  success. 

L.  P.  Bradford's  store,  the  Grange  Hall,  the  Universalist  church,  and  some 
mechanics  and  lovely  homesteads  make  up  a  pleasant  rural  community. 


Town  of  Turner.  819 


North  Turner. — The  Keen  family  has  done  much  to  develop  this  pro- 
gressive village  and  its  life  has  been  given  by  their  untiring  efforts.  There  are 
now  saw,  shingle,  carding,  and  grist  mills  here,  a  large  chair  factory,  a  canning 
factory,  a  well-stocked  store,  a  large  brick  hotel,  and  varied  industries.  Caleb 
House,  Jr,  was  the  first  settler  in  this  part  of  the  town,  and  he  located  on 
House's  hill,  in  1792.  At  the  time  of  the  centennial,  four  of  his  children  were 
in  the  procession,  aged  88,  86,  83,  and  78  years.  Joseph  Merrill  was  the  first 
blacksmith  in  this  part.  He  died  in  1838.  Cornelius  T.  Richardson  was  the 
first  ironworker  in  the  village,  and  wrought  all  kinds  of  utensils  in  iron  and 
steel,  axes,  knives,  fine  pitchforks,  etc.  Caleb  Gilbert,  the  first  settler  within 
a  mile  of  the  village,  built  a  saw-mill  on  Martin's  stream,  before  1800.  He  sold 
his  land  (west  half  of  lots  238  and  239)  with  mill  and  privilege  to  John  Keen,' 
of  Sumner,  in  1803,  for  .fl,600.  Mr  Keen  came  in  January,  1804.  A  grist- 
mill was  soon  built.  Both  were  burned;  the  saw-mill  in  1814,  the  other  in 
1818.  Here  the  first  wooden-bowl  factory  in  Maine  is  said  to  have  been  estab- 
lished, in  1819,  by  James  Hale ;  sold  the  next  year  to  Josiah  Keen.  Later  a 
carding  and  cloth-dressing  mill  was  built  by  Captain  John  A.  Kimball,  and  a 
carriage  shop  by  Essec  Fuller^  in  1851.  In  1870  J.  M.  Phinney  was  cutting 
boards,  staves,  and  short  lumber,  and  Lewis  A.  Farrar  now  manufactures 
dimension   lumber.      Lebbeus    Keen    owns  the  grist-mill,  which  is  leased  to 

1  John  Keen,  son  of  John  and  Jerusha  (Blake)  Keen,  was  born  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  May  9,  1762,  m. 
Priscilla  Robinson,  March  1V>,  1785,  and  became  an  early  settler  of  Sumner.  He  died  August  15, 1842. 
Children:  Priscilla,  John,  Jacob,  Josiah,  Jerusha,  Rebecca,  Thomas  B.  John,  born  December  13, 
1788,  died  May  9,  1869,  carried  on  milling  bvisiness  at  North  Turner  many  years.  He  married  Jerusha 
Fisher,  March  27,  1814.  His  son,  John  (on  account  of  his  height  of  over  six  feet  known  as  "the 
infant"),  had  a  daughter,  Hattie  E.,m.  Elias  Keene,  the  hotel  keeper.  Jacob,  born  December  25, 1790, 
m.  Betsey  Shaw,  and  died  in  North  Turner,  March  18,  1872.  He  had  many  children.  Josiah,  born 
January  14,  1793,  m.  Deborah  C.  House,  was  a  miller.  He  died  at  North  Turner,  October  14, 1866.  He 
had  children:  Benjamin,  Lebbeus,  John,  Gains,  Jane,  Elias,  Rebecca,  Elizabeth,  and  Deborah. 
Lebbeus,  Jane,  and  Elias  are  living.  Elias  Keene  was  born  in  North  Turner,  July  2, 1825.  His  educa- 
tion was  gained  by  experience,  observation,  and  reading.  He  has  familiarized  himself  with  cabinet 
making,  carpentering,  farming,  etc.,  and  has  carried  on  wool  carding  from  1849,  since  1879  for  himself. 
In  1876  he  purchased  the  North  Turner  House.  He  has  increased  its  capacity  fivefold,  and  in  1881 
built  a  commodious  hall,  which  is  the  headquarters  of  the  G.  A.  R  and  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  a  liberal  in  religion,  and  a  radical  in  temperance.  He  married:  (1st)  Elvira  I. 
Hayford,  (2d)  Eliza  S.  Drake,  (3d)  Hattie  E.  Keen.  Children:  Minnie  E.,  Vinnie  E.,  Maud  E.  Jerusha 
m.  Solomon  Stinchfleld,  of  Leeds.  Rebecca,  born  March  24,  1797,  m.  Reuben  Libby,  and  died  March 
15,  1872.  Of  her  children  four  are  living.  Thomas  B.,  born  July  24,  1799,  m.  Sally  Teague,  and  died 
February  21,  1858. 

2  The  Turner  Fullers  are  the  eighth  generation  in  descent  from  Dr  Samuel  Fuller,  who  came  in  the 
Mayflower  in  1620,  was  the  first  physician  of  the  Old  Colony,  and  a  man  of  high  abilities.  He  made 
the  first  will  probated  in  America,  and  died  in  1683.  His  son.  Rev.  Samuel  Fuller,  born  1623,  was  the 
first  minister  of  Middleborougli.  He  died  in  1694.  Rev.  Samuel  had  a  son,  Dr  Samuel,  father  of  John, 
whose  son,  Issachar,  was  father  of  Isaac,  the  father  of  Captain  Isaac,  of  Carver.  Captain  Isaac  m. 
Sally  Ames,  and  was  an  early  settler  of  Hartford.  They  had  these  sons:  Edward,  Ezekiel,  Ephraim, 
Eland,  Elbridge,  Essec,  Elonzo,  Emery  L.,  Edwin  E.,  and  three  daughters.  The  death  of  one  of  the 
daughters  in  1888  was  the  first  death  among  the  children  for  50  years.  Essec  and  Eland  have  been 
business  men  of  Brettun's  Mills  and  North  Turner  for  years. 


820  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Reuben  E.  Fuller.  Edward  Blake,  and  Stephen  and  John  Gammon  built  a 
saw-mill  in  1817  at  the  -foot  of  Bear  pond,  and  put  up  the  first  clapboard, 
machine  in  town.  The  manufacture  of  wooden  boxes  was  later  entered  into 
first  by  Asa  K.  Staples,  and,  in  1857,  Charles  M.  Willard^  engaged  in  the  box 
business  and  carried  it  on  until  his  death.  His  son,  Charles  F.  Willard, 
continued  it  after  his  death.  The  mills  are  now  operated  by  A.  D.  Parker. 
William  B.  Bray  opened  the  first  store  in  1835.  He  built  the  store  and 
dwelling  on  the  site  of  the  residence  of  John  Keen,  the  early  settler,  and  kept 
hotel  for  two  years.  William  S.  Young,  son  of  Joshua  B.,  built  a  part  of  the 
North  Turner  House  for  a  hotel  in  1837,  and  after  some  years  sold  to  Samuel 
B.  Holt,  the  tavern  keeper  for  20  years.  After  he  died,  in  1876,  Elias  Keene 
purchased  the  hotel.  William  B.  Bray,  Jr,  was  for  years  engaged  in  the 
successful  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes.  Later,  about  1876,  Benjamin  Keen 
and  Peter  C.  Dresser  began  the  business  and  carried  it  on  five  years,  when  the 
factory  was  burned.  Lewis  A.  Farrar  came  from  Buckfield  and  purchased  the 
buildings  built  by  William  B.  Bray  of  William  Atwood  about  1862.  He  has 
been  in  trade  from  that  time  and  does  an  annual  business  of  $10,000. 

Washburn  Chair  Factory.  —  Benjamin  Keen^  and  Harry  W.  Brown,  as 
Keen  &  Brown,  began  to  make  willow  chairs  at  North  Turner  in  1884, 
occupying  Essec  Fuller's  carriage  shop.  In  February,  1886,  the  building  was 
burned.  It  was  at  once  rebuilt  with  four  stories  and  capable  of  accommo- 
dating 75  hands,  though  only  about  30  are  usually  employed.  This  factory  is 
the  only  one  in  the  state,  and  here  was  made  the  first  willow  chair  made  in 
Maine.  In  the  spring  of  1890  the  business  was  purchased  by  the  Washburn 
Chair  Company,  a  stock  company  composed  mainly  of  Lewiston  capitalists. 
T.*E.  Eustis  is  president;  A.  D.  Barker,  treasurer;  Mr  Brown  becoming  super- 
intendent. The  value  of  the  plant  is  estimated  at  115,000.  The  company  has 
a  retail  store  in  Lewiston,  and  employs  25  hands  in  the  factory,  and  gives  work 
to  many  women  at  their  homes.     The  company  uses  25,000  or  30,000  feet  of 

1  Major  Charles  M.  Willard,  born  in  Keene,  N.  H.,  July  31,  1808,  came  to  Maine,  married  Mary  Russ, 
a  native  of  Farmington,  lived  at  Wilton  and  Farmington,  and  acquired  a  state  reputation  by  the 
Willard  pail.  He  engaged  in  lumbering  and  box  making  at  Bloomtield,  and  was  major  of  militia 
under  Governor  Fairfield.  In  1857  he  moved  to  North  Turner  and  engaged  in  lumber  and  box  making 
until  his  death,  October  22, 1871.  The  business  w^as  then  done  in  a  primitive  way  with  the  old-fashioned 
up-and-down  saws  and  but  few  men  were  employed.  His  son,  Charles  F.  Willard,  was  born  in  Bloom- 
field,  September  6,  1847,  succeeded  to  his  father's  business  at  his  death,  extended  and  enlarged  it, 
introducing  improved  machinery  and  circular  saws,  and  in  188(5  removed  to  Turner  Village,  where  he 
now  conducts  a  large  establishment,  employs  from  15  to  30  hands,  keeps  numerous  teams  employed, 
and  has  quadrupled  the  production  of  his  North  Turner  mill.  Like  his  father  he  is  a  Universalist  and 
a  Republican. 

-He  was  the  greatest  benefactor  of  North  Turner.  Long  ago  he  fitted  up  the  grist-mill  for  Job 
House,  the  miller;  later  he  bought  the  carding  mill  for  his  brother  Elias.  He  started  shoe  manu- 
facturing with  P.  J.  Dresser  and  W.  B.  Fisher,  and  was  the  starter  of  the  packing  industry.  Through 
his  capital  and  influence  the  chair  factory  was  begun,  and  every  industry  here  received  generous  aid. 
He  was  a  strong  Democrat.    He  died  the  present  year. 


Town  of  Turner.  821 


rock  maple  lumber  per  year,  and  pays  152.50  per  cord  for  rattan,  and  in  the 
summer  of  1890  paid  i|3,3o8  for  labor  and  materials. 

The  little  village  has  other  industries,  its  lawyer  and  real  estate  agent 
(E.  V.  Stevens),  a  flourishing  societ}^  of  Knights  of  Pythias,  Wilson  Post, 
G.  A.  R.  (see  page  175),  George  Merrill's  band.  Keen's  Hall,  and  a  bright  flow 
of  social  enjoyment. 

The  United  Packers  Company,  organized  in  April,  1890,  canned  the  first 
season,  at  its  works  in  North  Turner,  200,000  cans  of  corn,  18,000  gallon  cans 
and  10,000  3-lb.  cans  of  apples,  8,000  cans  of  pears,  4,000  cans  of  plums,  10,000 
cans  of  pumpkin,  and  10,000  cans  of  beans.  The  present  proprietors,  E.  G. 
Spring  and  J.  P.  Jordan,  operate  as  the  United  Packer's  Company. 

North  Turner  Cheese  Factory  (Richmond's  Corner)  was  established  in  1873 
through  the  influence  of  Rackley  D.  Leavitt  and  Perkins  C.  Torrey.  The 
production  has  increased  from  30,000  to  85,000  lbs.  per  annum,  and  the  annual 
business  is  -^10,000.  The  cheese  made  here  stands  high  in  the  market,  has  a 
quick  sale,  and  commands  a  high  price.  The  factory  has  proved  a  wise  and 
judicious  investment,  which  declares  good  and  regular  dividends,  paying  eight 
per  cent,  on  the  original  capital.  It  is  owned  and  operated  by  the  North 
Turner  Cheese  Co.  of  sixteen  stockholders.  R.  D.  Leavitt^  has  been  president 
and  treasurer  for  much  of  the  time.  The  present  officers  are  :  John  F.  Quimby,^ 
president;  Charles  Bonney,  secretary;  R.  D.  Leavitt,  treasurer. 

Keen's  Mills.  —  Nathaniel  Robertson  settled  at  Keen's  Mills,  the  first  one 
to  locate  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  and  in  1797  or  1798  built  a  saw-mill, 
later  purchased  by  Cyrus  French,  who  put  in  a  circular  saw,  a  planing  machine, 
and  other  machinery.  Grinfill  H.  Keen,  son  of  John,  the  pioneer,  and  Prince 
Waterman,  the  first  blacksmith,  were  early  settlers.  The  first  grist-mill  was 
built  probably  by  Benjamin  Allen,  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  soon  after 
Robertson's  mill  was  erected.  (Benjamin  Alden,  of  Greene,  owned  much  land 
here  and  aided  in  the  development.)  Hanover  Keen  became  owner  about 
1805.  It  was  destroyed  by  water  in  1814,  rebuilt  at  once,  and  owned  since  by 
Nathaniel  Keen,  son  of  Hanover.  Adna  Gilmore  erected  an  iron  foundry 
about  1820.     He  was  a  skilled  mechanic.     About  1870  Albion  K.  P.  Gilmore 

1  Rackley  Deane  Leavitt,  son  of  Arch  and  Polly  (Deane)  Leavitt,  was  born  in  Turner,  November  7, 
1842.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  a  Universalist.  By  vocation  he  is  a  farmer,  a  large  fruit  grower,  and  a 
progressive  and  popular  man  in  the  community.  He  has  served  as  selectman  and  on  the  school  com- 
mittee of  Turner.    He  is  overseer  of  Turner  Grange,  P.  of  H.;  trustee  of  Blake  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F. 

'^John  Frank  Qvimby,  son  of  Israel  P.,  of  Sandwich,  and  Betsey  (Hall)  Quimby,  of  Dover,  N.  H., 
was  born  in  Dover,  December  25,  1850.  He  has  lived  in  Turner,  on  the  farm  which  he  now  owns,  33 
years.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  has  been  selectman  six  years,  and  deputy  sheriff  for  several 
years.  He  belongs  to  Nezinscot  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.;  Turner  Lodge,  I.  O.  G.  T. ;  Major  Leavitt  Lodge, 
K.  of  P. ;  Blake  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  makes  dairy  farming  a  specialty,  keeping  about  20  cows, 
averaging  $35  per  cow  in  cheese.  He  has  made  4,500  lbs.  of  cheese  from  April  to  October.  Mr  Quimby 
has  about  500  acres  of  land  and  1,000  apple  trees,  many  of  them  young  trees. 


822  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

put  up  a  new  building  on  the  site  of  the  foundry,  and  operated  saw  and  grist 
mills.  In  September,  1887,  these  and  the  saw-mill  of  Cyrus  French  were 
burned,  rebuilt,  and  are  now  in  operation.  W.  A.  Andrews  began  the  manu- 
facture of  clothing,  in  1883,  at  Keen's  Mills,  with  three  cutters,  putting  out 
the  most  of  the  work  to  be  made.  In  1884  he  introduced  steam-power  and 
five  sewing  machines,  employing  six  women,  and  putting  out  the  hand  work. 
In  1885  he  put  in  three  machines  and  employed  nine  hands.  In  1886  he 
introduced  11  machines  and  employed  23  operatives  in  the  shop.  In  1887  he 
enlarged  his  building,  added  a  store  and  hall,  and  for  a  year  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising, when  he  sold  his  goods  to  Briggs  &  Young.  Mr  Andrews  has 
since  devoted  himself  wholly  to  manufacturing,  now  amounting  to  16,000 
pairs  of  pantaloons  annually.  Mr  Andrews  was  born  in  Turner,  in  1823,  son 
of  Liscomb  and  Rachel  (Millett)  Andrews.  He  began  business  for  himself 
when  18,  in  the  mill  on  Thirty-mile  river,  and  has  resided  at  Keen's  Mills  49 
years.  He  succeeded  the  first  trader,  the  blind  man,  Alden,  in  merchandising. 
A.  R.  Gilmore  sells  flour  and  meal,  Cyrus  French  produces  and  sells  lumber, 
H.  A.  Bemis  makes  extension  cases,  and  John  Bemis  is  the  village  blacksmith. 
Briggs  &  Young  and  F.  B.  Wing  (postmaster)  are  traders.  Among  the 
farmers  of  this  section  are  H.  W.  Copeland  and  Leander  Lane. 

East  Turner  is  purely  a  farming  district  of  prosperous  farmers.  Dana 
C.  Beals  and  H.  G.  O.  Mower  (see  page  515)  are  among  the  number.  South 
Turner  has  a  canning  factory,  Cary  &  Leavitt's.  Dyer's  Corners  and  Howe's 
Corner  are  local  centres  of  convenience.  The  last  has  a  post-office.  Geo.  D. 
Humphrey,  postmaster,  keeps  a  general  store. 

Chase's  Mills.  —  Bani  Teague  had  a  saw-mill  here  before  1800,  which 
was  rebuilt  before  1810  and  a  grist-mill  added.  Soon  after  the  War  of  1812, 
Southard  Washburn  became  proprietor.  Later  Jairus  Allen  owned  the  saw- 
mill, William  Lombard  the  grist-mill,  and  a  clapboard  machine  was  put  in  by 
a  Mr  Phelps  about  1820.  In  1835  Isaac  Chase  bought  the  saw-mill  and  a  new 
dam  was  made  lower  down  the  stream.  In  1837  Mr  Lombard  began  to  turn 
wooden  mortars,  bowls,  and  wagon  hubs.  After  many  years  he  was  succeeded 
by  Thomas  G.  Burdin,  who  did  an  extensive  business  in  making  hubs.  In 
1885  the  factory  was  burned  and  rebuilt.  Hubs  and  barrels  are  now  made  by 
T.  G.  Burdin  &  Co.  C.  C.  Chase  operates  a  saw-mill  and  shingle  machine. 
Arthur  Dow  is  in  trade.  Solon  Chase  is  postmaster,  and  finds  time  to  now 
and  then  write  a  breezy  article  to  the  Lewiston  Journal  and  other  papers.  Here 
is  what  he  wrote  April  2,  1891,  concerning  the  "doings"  at  Chase's  Mills: 

Right  abreast  of  our  house  is  the  river.  The  rising  water  has  "  riz  "  the  ice  up  in  the  middle  like  a 
whale's  back.  Across  the  river  is  a  bluff,  known  as  Teague's  Ledge.  The  ledge  is  covered  with  woods 
except  where  the  rocks  are  so  thick  the  roots  of  the  trees  can't  get  a  hold.  On  these  bare  rocks  the 
icicles  form  in  winter,  and  keep  growing  until  they  hang  down  100  feet,  as  big  as  large  pine  trees 
standing  on  their  heads.  The  first  sign  of  spring  is  the  breaking  away  of  the  glaciers  on  the  brow  of 
Teague's  Ledge.     The  bluff  faces  to  the  south,  right  in  the  eye  of  the  sun,  and,  as  it  begins  to  thaw, 


Town  of  Turner.  823 


the  water  works  in  behind  the  ice  and  draws  up  until  it  reaches  a  height  of  fifty  feet.  The  pressure  is 
so  great  that  large  masses  of  ice,  sometimes  with  large  stones  frozen  in,  will  come  down  the  mountain 
side  like  a  thunderbolt.  It  has  been  a  hard  winter  to  beat  around  in  the  crust  and  pick  up  scattering 
timber,  but  if  the  logs  were  yarded  it  has  been  a  good  winter  for  business,  no  bad  drifts,  and  the  main 
roads  good  from  the  first  of  December  to  the  middle  of  March.  Farmers  have  had  a  good  time  to 
harvest  their  log  crop.  The  log  crop  is  the  main  crop  with  many.  Farmers  can  hardly  afford  to  keep 
a  team  if  they  don't  have  a  winter  job.  Some  cut  their  own  timber,  others  take  contracts  to  haul  logs 
and  lumber,  and  when  there  is  nothing  else  to  do  they  haul  slabs  to  Lewiston.  The  wood  market  is 
not  "  healthy,"  and  hauling  slabs  from  Chase's  Mills  to  Lewiston  is  like  carting  coals  to  Newcastle,  but 
there  is  no  wood  famine  here;  everybody  can  have  all  the  dry  slabs  they  want  for  $1  a  cord.  So  many 
have  left  the  country  and  gone  into  the  cities  that  our  two  cities  are  booming  and  there  is  a  demand 
for  lumber  in  Auburn  and  Lewiston.  C.  C.  Chase  has  just  delivered  40,000  feet  of  lumber  to  B.  F. 
Briggs,  who  runs  a  horse  farm  on  Turner  street,  1^  miles  out  from  the  Court  House.  T.  G.  Burdin  is 
sawing  out  a  large  lot  of  stock  for  apple  barrels.  The  maple  sugar  season  is  now  well  under  way.  There 
has  been  one  splendid  run.  The  steam  that  rises  from  the  camp  kettles  looks  at  a  little  distance  like 
the  smoke  of  a  tar  kiln.  The  children  and  some  of  the  older  ones  trip  over  the  crust  in  the  morning  to 
the  sugar  camps  to  "sweeten  up."  Thelargest  operators  are  Walter  Mitchell,  Arthur  Chase,  Jim  Young, 
Herbert  Russell,  and  Leon  Snell.  Walter  Mitchell  has  tapped  1,000  trees,  and  Arthur  Chase,  700.  If 
you  get  any  maple  syrup  from  Chase's  Mills  it  will  be  of  this  year's  make  and  pure.  Chase's  Mills 
maple  syrup  is  so  well  known,  and  there  is  such  a  demand  for  it,  that  none  is  kept  over.  The  syrup 
that  comes  into  the  market  very  early  is  made  from  last  year's  crop  and  "  doctored."  The  peculiar 
characteristic  of  the  Chase's  Mills  syrup  is  that  it  has  and  retains  the  maple  flavor.  The  sap  is  rapidly 
"  biled  "  —  the  sooner  the  better  after  it  is  gathered.  The  sap  drops  from  a  galvanized  iron  spile  into  a 
clean  tin  bucket.  All  the  impurities  are  kept  out  of  it  and  the  scum  all  skimmed  off.  The  finished 
product  is  clear  as  crystal  and  ain't  bad  to  take  with  hot  cakes.  The  only  trouble  with  the  Chase's 
Mills  syrup  is  there  ain't  enough  of  it.  That  is  the  only  trouble  with  the  silver  dollars.  There  ain't 
enough  of  'em.  This  year's  crop  of  syrup  is  ordered  ahead,  and  at  a  fancy  price.  People  who  buy 
Chase's  Mills  syrup  don't  always  get  it.  Lots  of  it  is  brought  up  here  from  up  back  around  the 
mountains  in  the  region  of  Bergamot  Pond,  and  sold  in  the  Auburn  and  Lewiston  markets  for  genuine 
Chase's  Mills  syrup.  The  syrup  that  is  sent  out  of  the  state  is  put  into  one-gallon  tin  cans,  and  sealed 
up  hot.  The  cans  are  packed  in  wooden  cases.  One  shipment  of  50  gallons  has  just  been  sent  to  Cali- 
fornia. Many  of  the  cans  never  come  back,  and  the  price  of  the  cans  is  charged  in  the  bill.  The  cans 
are  made  in  Boston,  and  this  year  the  price  is  30  per  cent,  higher.  Arthur  Chase  says:  "  That  is  on 
account  of  that  cussed  McKinley  bill." 

MerrilVs  3Iills.  —  The  privilege  at  the  outlet  of  Pleasant  pond  was 
occupied  in  1811  by  Levi  Merrill,  his  son,  Levi,  and  Luther  Merrill,  who 
built  a  saw-mill,  later  used  as  a  match  factory,  and,  in  1870,  by  Bailey  & 
Merrill  as  a  spool  factory,  which,  with  a  saw  and  shingle  mill,  is  now  in 
operation. 

North  Turner  Bridge. —  In  1825  a  company  was  chartered  to  build  this 
bridge,  which  organized  in  1827  with  Edward  Blake,  Walter  Foss,  and 
Nathaniel  Perley,  directors;  Dr  Timothy  Howe,  agent;  Thompson  Hall, 
architect;  and  a  bridge,  costing  -$5,000,  was  built  in  1828.  A  small  villao-e 
sprung  up.  The  stage  route  from  Paris  to  Augusta  later  crossed  the  bridge, 
and  there  was  much  travel.  Col  Lee  Strickland  was  postmaster  and  kept  a 
store.  In  1833  Church  P.  Leavitt  purchased  the  business,  was  postmaster  for 
nearly  25  years,  and  kept  a  hotel.  He  was  a  temperance  man,  and  did  much 
business.  The  bridge  was  carried  away  and  rebuilt  in  1839.  The  bridge  has 
one  long  span  160  feet  from  the  western  abutment  to  the  island,  with  a 
double  track,  and  a  short  span  from  the  island  to  the  eastern  abutment,  with 


824  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

a  single  track.     The  bridge  has  been  well  patronized.      It  has  been  quite  a 
trading  point.      A.  P.  Burgess  and  Eugene  Dojde  are  now  in  trade. 

Turner  Centre  Bridf/e  was  built  in  1834  and  1835  (the  corporation  voting 
"to  furnish  no  liquor"),  to  accommodate  the  travel  on  the  new  mail  route 
from  Paris,  Buckfield,  Turner,  and  Monmouth  to  Augusta.  The  bridge  gave 
good  dividends,  was  carried  off  by  the  ice  in  January,  1839,  rebuilt,  and  carried 
away  again  in  1863,  rebuilt  in  1868,  wrecked  by  a  cyclonic  storm  July  14, 
1876,  and  never  rebuilt. 

Civil  List.  — 1787  —  Ichabod  Bonney,  Benjamin  True,  Israel  Haskell,  selectmen;  Benjamin  True, 
clerk.  1788  —  Benjamin  True,  Samuel  Blake,  Henry  Jones,  selectmen;  Benjamin  True,  clerk.  1789  — 
William  Bradford,  Samuel  Blake,  Henry  Jones,  selectmen;  B.  True,  clerk.  1790  —  Samuel  Andrews, 
Nathan  Niles,  Benjamin  True,  selectmen;  B.  True,  clerk.  1791-1792-1793 —  Ichabod  Bonney,  Samuel 
Blake,  Samuel  Andrews,  selectmen;  Ichabod  Bonney,  clerk.  1794  —  Ichabod  Bonney,  Samuel  Blake, 
Caleb  House,  selectmen;  Ichabod  Bonney,  clerk.  1795  —  Ichabod  Bonney,  Samuel  Blake,  Beniah 
Niles,  selectmen;  Ichabod  Bonney,  clerk.  1796-1797-1798-1799-1800-1801  — Ichabod  Bonney,  John 
Turner,  Chandler  Bradford,  selectmen;  Ichabod  Bonney,  clerk.  1802  —  Ichabod  Bonney,  Benjamin 
Evans,  Nathaniel  Sawtelle,  selectmen;  Ichabod  Bonney,  clerk.  1803  —  Benjamin  Evans,  Ichabod 
Bonney,  John  Turner,  selectmen;  Benjamin  Evans,  clerk.  1804-1805-180(5  —  Ichabod  Bonney,  John 
Turner,  Chandler  Bradford,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1807 — John  Turner,  Chandler  Brad- 
ford, George  French,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1808-1809  —  John  Turner,  Joseph  Bonney, 
Benjamin  Chamberlain,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1810 — William  Bradford,  Daniel  Cary, 
George  French,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1811  —  John  Turner,  George  French,  Jesse  Brad- 
ford, selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1812  —  George  French,  Jesse  Bradford,  Thomas  Merrill, 
selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1813 —  John  Turner,  Joseph  Bonney,  Jonathan  Phillips,  selectmen; 
Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1814-1815  —  John  Turner,  Jesse  Bradford,  Jonathan  Phillips,  selectmen; 
Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  181(5 — Joseph  Bonney,  George  French,  Aaron  Soule,  selectmen;  Joseph 
Bonney,  clerk.  1817  —  Joseph  Bonney,  Jonathan  Phillips,  Alden  Blossom,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney, 
clerk.  1818  —  Joseph  Bonney,  Jolin  Turner,  Alden  Blossom,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1819  — 
John  Turner,  Alden  Blossom,  Aaron  Soule,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney, clerk.  1820  —  Joseph  Bonney, 
Asa  Bradford,  Philip  Bradford,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1821  —  Joseph  Bonney,  Asa  Brad- 
ford, Aaron  Soule,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1822-1823-1824  —  Thomas  Merrill,  John  Blake, 
Philip  Bradford,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1825  —  Philip  Bradford,  George  French,  Asa 
Bradford,  selectmen;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1826  —  Philip  Bradford,  Asa  Bradford,  George  French, 
selectmen ;  Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1827-1828  —  Asa  Bradford,  George  French,  James  Torrey,  selectmen ; 
Joseph  Bonney,  clerk.  1829-1830  —  Asa  Bradford,  Job  Prince,  Joseph  Bonney,  selectmen;  Joseph 
Bonney,  clerk.  1831  —  Charles  L.  Turner,  Aaron  Soule,  John  Blake,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk. 
1832  —  John  Blake,  Job  Prince,  Hira  Bradford,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1833  —  John  Blake, 
Luther  Bailey,  William  Bicknell,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1834  —  John  Blake,  Isaac  Gross, 
William  Bicknell,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1835-1836  —  Isaac  Gross,  Seth  Copeland,  John 
Phillips,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1837 — Luther  Bailey,  William  B.  Bray,  Alvin  Leavitt, 
selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1838  —  Job  Prince,  Isaac  Chase,  John  Phillips,  selectmen;  Hira 
Bradford,  clerk.  1839-1840-1841  —  Job  Prince,  Seth  Copeland,  Elisha  Gilmore,  selectmen;  Hira  Brad- 
ford, clerk.  1842-1843-1844 — William  B.  Bray,  Luther  Bailey,  George  Turner,  selectmen;  Hira 
liradford,  clerk.  1845  —  Philip  Bradford,  Elisha  Sampson,  Sarson  Chase,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford, 
clerk.  1846  — Elisha  Sampson,  Stephen  Bray,  Ajalon  Dillingham,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk. 
1847  —  Luther  Bailey,  George  Turner,  Branch  Leavitt,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1848  — 
George  Turner,  Justus  Conant,  Oren  Whitman,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1849-1850  —  George 
Turner,  Arch  Leavitt,  Henry  French,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1851-1852-1853-1854  —  George 
Turner,  Arch  Leavitt,  Benjamin  A.  Bradford,  selectmen;  Hira  Bradford,  clerk.  1855  —  Samuel  B. 
Holt,  Jesse  Bradford,  Andrew  Bennett,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1856-1857  —  Samuel  B.  Holt, 
Jesse  Bradford,  Phillips  Bradford,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1858  —  George  Turner,  Samuel 
Jenkins,  Deering  Farrar,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1859-1860 — Job  Prince,  Mellen  French, 
Charles  Torrey,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1861-18G2  —  Philo  Clark,  Sumner  Bailey,  Loren 
Alden,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.      1863  —  Charles  E.  Bradford,  Stephen  Richardson,  Loren 


Town  of  Turner.  825 


Alden,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1864  — Charles  E.  Bradford,  William  Bray,  Zebulon  H. 
Bearce,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1865  — Charles  E.  Bradford,  Z.  H.  Bearce,  James  A.  Gary, 
selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1866— George  W.  Turner,  Lewis  A.  Farrar,  Horace  C.  Haskell, 
selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1867-1868  — Lewis  A.  Farrar,  Horace  C.  Haskell,  Horace  True, 
selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  18()9  — Horace  C.  Haskell,  Horace  True,  William  L.  Bonney,  select- 
men; Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1870— William  L.  Bonney,  Isaac  Jones,  Jr,  Rufus  Prince,  selectmen; 
Wesley  Thorp,  clerk.  1871  — George  W.  Turner,  Leander  D.  Farrar,  Rufus  Prince,  selectmen;  Wesley 
Thorp,  clerk.  1872-1873— Rufus  Prince,  William  L.  Bonney,  Lewis  A.  Farrar,  selectmen;  Wesley 
Thorp,  clerk.  1874  — William  L.  Bonney,  Roscoe  Torrey,  Daniel  French,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp, 
clerk.  1875-1876  — William  L.  Bonney,  Aubrey  Leavitt,  Hira  J.  Pratt,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp, 
clerk.  1877  — William  L.  Bonney,  Henry  Turner,  Henry  W.  Copeland,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp, 
clerk.  1878-1879— Horace  C.  Haskell,  Henry  W.  Copeland,  John  E.  Ashe,  selectmen;  Wesley  Thorp, 
clerk  (died  October  7;  C.  B.  Bailey  elected).  1880— H.  C.  Haskell,  H.  W.  Copeland,  Levi  B.  Perry, 
selectmen;  C.  B.  Bailey,  clerk.  1881-1882—  H.  W.  Copeland,  R.  D.  Leavitt,  Calvin  Conant. selectmen; 
C.  B.  Bailey,  clerk.  188:5-1884-1885  — Rufus  Prince,  Aubrey  Leavitt,  J.  F.  Quimby,  selectmen;  C.  B. 
Bailey,  clerk.  1886  — H.  VV.  Copeland,  H.  C.  Haskell,  Aubrey  Leavitt,  selectmen;  C.  B.  Bailey,  clerk. 
1887— Aubrey  Leavitt,  H.  W.  Copeland,  Abel  H.  Pratt,  selectmen;  C.  B.  Bailey,  clerk,  until  Decem- 
ber 12,  then  C.  H.  Bradford.  1888—  Aubrey  Leavitt,  J.  F.  Quimby,  H.  W.  Copeland,  selectmen;  C.  H. 
Bradford,  clerk.  1889  — Aubrey  Leavitt,  J.  F.  Quimby,  A.  C.  Day,  selectmen;  Charles  H.  Bradford, 
clerk.  1890  — Aubrey  Leavitt,  J.  F.  Quimby,  D.  S.  Thomas,  selectmen;  C.  H.  Bradford,  clerk.  1891  — 
Aubrey  Leavitt,  C.  A.  French,  Shirley  Merrill,  selectmen;  C.  H.  Bradford,  clerk;  W.  B.  Bradford, 
treasurer;  A.  F.  Gilmore,  svxpervisor;  W.  B.  Beals,  agent. 


CHAPTER   LI. 


Ecclesiastical  —  Congregationalism  —  The  Baptists  —  Universalism  —  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  —  Meeting-Houses  —  Schools  —  Temperance  —  Physicians  —  Lawyers  —  Cen- 
tennial —  Something  about  Some  of  the  People. 

CONGREGATIONAL  SOCIETY.  — In  the  first  years  of  the  settlement 
Deacon  Daniel  Merrill  conducted  religious  services  regularly.  The  pro- 
prietors in  1779  offered  to  defray  one-half  the  pay  of  a  minister  for  three 
years  and  one-third  for  two  more  years,  and  in  1781  they  requested  the  settlers 
to  choose  a  committee  "to  agree  and  settle  with  the  proprietors  about  it."  In 
1776  Rev.  Charles  Turner^  visited  the  plantation,  preached  and  baptized. 
July  11,  1779,  he  made  a  second  visit,  received  some  into  covenant  relation, 

^  Rev.  Charles  Turner,  born  in  Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1732,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1752,  and  was  a 
minister  at  Duxbury  in  1755,  and  continued  for  20  years.  He  was  a  Whig  and  much  in  state  affairs. 
Mr  Turner  was  one  of  the  agents  for  the  claimants,  the  first  treasurer  and  collector  of  the  proprietors. 
In  1791  he  moved  here,  and  preached  part  of  the  time  for  a  number  of  years.  He  died  in  1818.  Chil- 
dren: Hon.  Charles  Turner  of  Scituate,  Gen.  John  Turner,  Mrs  Eunice  Torrey  of  Scituate,  and  Mrs 
Persis  Thayer.  Rev.  Mr  Turner  was  a  faithful  preacher  of  the  gospel,  and  the  influence  of  his  culture 
and  education  left  its  impress  upon  his  townsmen.  Col  William  Turner,  brother  of  Charles,  was  grad- 
uated from  Harvard  in  1767,  and  for  some  years  was  a  highly  successful  teacher.  He  was  proprietors' 
clerk  for  years,  and  was  a  valuable  officer  in  the  Revolution.  In  1801  he  removed  with  his  family  to 
Turner,  where  he  died  January  12,  1807,  at  the  age  of  61.  Children:  William,  Betty,  Xoa,  Charles 
Lee,  Stephen,  Eunice,  Fanny,  Oriens,  Nancy,  Aphia,  George.  Henry  Turner,  son  of  Charles  L.  and 
Cascarilla  (Child)  Turner,  died  in  Auburn,  June  20,  1891.  He  had  been  county  commissioner,  and  in 
many  ways  was  identified  with  the  interests  of  Turner. 


826  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

and  baptized  a  number.  For  five  years  after  the  plantation  was  favored  with 
occasional  visits  of  Rev.  Mr  Brown,  of  Westbrook,  and  the  Rev.  Mr  Nash,  of 
Gray.  In  1784  Rev.  John  Strickland,  a  native  of  Hadley,  Mass.,  and  a  grad- 
uate of  Yale  College,  came,  and  a  church  was  organized  August  16, 1784,  with 
15  members.  Mr  Strickland  received  the  call  of  the  church  and  congregation 
to  become  their  pastor,  and  was  installed  September  20,  1784.  In  1790  a 
majority  in  town  meeting  voted  for  his  dismission.  Mr  Strickland  did  not 
comply  with  this  proposal.  "  In  this  state  of  things  his  salary  was  tardily 
voted,  and  more  tardily  collected,  and  on  the  20th  of  November,  1792,  there 
was  found  to  be  due  Mr  Strickland  £108  6s.  8d."  In  1794  Mr  Strickland's 
adherents  were  few  in  number.  Nevertheless,  he  consented  to  continue  their 
minister,  agreeing  to  relinquish  such  proportion  of  his  salary  as  the  taxable 
property  of  those  who  left  bore  to  the  whole  town.  After  this,  the  number  of 
Mr  Strickland's  friends  diminished  by  deaths  and  removals,  so  that,  in  1795, 
the  advice  of  an  ecclesiastical  council  was  taken,  and  May  18,  1797,  he  was 
dismissed.  For  several  years  after  public  worship  was  not  maintained,  and 
complaint  was  made  in  1802  to  the  Court  of  Sessions  of  the  Peace,  "for 
neglecting  to  provide  themselves  with  a  public  teacher  of  piety,  morality,  and 
religion."  Mr  Strickland  and  Rev.  Charles  Turner  were  each  employed  for  a 
time.  After  both  had  preached  the  time  agreed  upon,  a  call,  with  certain 
conditions,  was  voted  b}^  the  town  for  Mr  Turner  to  settle  in  the  gospel 
ministiy.  The  church  voted  not  to  concur,  but  to  adhere  to  the  election  they 
had  made  of  Mr  Strickland.^  As  the  church  had  been  six  years  destitute  of  a 
pastor,  some,  dissatisfied  that  the  church  did  not  concur  with  the  town,  denied 
that  a  church  existed.  An  ecclesiastical  council  assembled  October  18,  1803, 
and  gave  its  unanimous  opinion  that  the  church  was  not  extinct.  The 
church  then  voted  to  change  to  a  Congregational  church,  and  seven  male 
members  subscribed  a  confession  of  faith  and  covenant.  In  1808  Mr  Amasa 
Smith  was  employed  by  the  inhabitants  to  supply  them  with  preaching.  Sub- 
sequently the  church  unanimously  gave  him  a  call  to  settle.  The  town 
concurred  in  the  invitation,  and  Mr  Smith  was  ordained  May  23,  1804.  The 
inhabitants  of  the  town  were  not  fully  agreed  in  the  settlement  of  Mr  Smith, 
and  the  consequence  was  the  establishment  of  a  society  of  Universalists,  which 
left  the  Congregational  inhabitants  free  to  organize  as  a  distinct  parish.  The 
lands  reserved  for  the  use  of  the  ministry  and  schools  had  been  sold  by  order 
of  the  legislature.  The  school  fund  became  productive  in  1808,  and  the  minis- 
terial fund  in  1811.  October  11,  1806,  Mr  Smith  was  dismissed.  During  the 
next  four  years  the  church  had  no  pastor.  In  the  spring  of  1810  Rev.  Allen 
Greely  began  to  preach,  and  was  ordained  October  24,  1810.  At  this  time  the 
church  contained  only  21  members.     "In   1816   God  was   pleased  to  impress 

iRev.  Mr  Strickland  died  October  4,  1823,  in  the  5()th  year  of  his  ministry. 


Town  of  Turner.  827 


seriously  the  minds  of  a  number,  and  the  church  was  enlarged  to  more  than  60 
members."  Mr  Greely  continued  pastor  till  May  29,  1844.  Later  Pastors 
Hev.  Henry  Eddy,  from  1.S44  to  1846 ;  Rev.  W.  L.  James,  from  1846  to  1847 
Rev.  John  Dodd,  from  1847  to  1854;  Rev.  Samuel  Bowker,  from  1855  to  1860 
Rev.  S.  C.  Higgins,  from  1860  to  1863 ;  Rev.  Stacy  Fowler,  from  1864  to  1866 
Rev.  B.  F.  Manwell,  from  1866  to  1867;  Rev.  F.  W.  Dickinson,  from  1868  to 
1870;  Rev.  Alvin  B.  Jordan,  from  1871  to  1872;  Rev.  F.  E.  Emrich,  from 
1872  to  1873;  Rev.  Uriah  Small,  from  1873  to  1875;  Rev.  Edwin  S.  Tingley, 
from  1876  to  1882;  Rev.  Richard  H.  McGown,  from  1882  to  1885;  Rev. 
Albert  N.  Jones,^  from  1886  to  1888.  Rev.  R.  D.  Osgood,  the  present  pastor 
(1891),  was  settled  over  this  church  October,  1888.  He  was  born  at  Bluehill, 
February  1,  1836,  where  he  was  educated  at  the  common  schools  and  academy. 
He  enlisted  September  6,  1861,  in  Manchester,  N.  H.,  in  the  Fourth  N.  H. 
Regt,  and  served  four  years  in  the  army,  two  years  in  the  signal  corps.  In 
18(36  he  entered  Bangor  Theological  Seminary.  His  ministerial  labors  have 
been  in  Topsfield,  Kennebunkport,  Limington,  Fort  Fairfield,  Me.,  Lyndon  and 
Rochester,  Yt.  He  is  chaplain  of  Wilson  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  active  in  its  interest 
and  in  all  organizations  whose  object  is  the  uplifting  of  the  human  race.  The 
parsonage  is  valued  at  -f  1,000.  The  Sunday  school  has  150  members;  A.  S. 
Ricker  is  superintendent.  The  society  is  prosperous.  The  inside  of  the  church 
has  been  lately  painted,  new  carpets  laid,  and  a  new  organ  purchased. 

Bajytists.  —  The  first  section  of  an  act,  passed  November  17,  1792,  for 
"incorporating  a  number  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Turner,  and  the  Plantation 
called  Bucktown,  in  the  County  of  Cumberland,  into  a  distinct  religious 
Society  "  is  here  given  : 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  in  General  Court  assembled, 
aud  by  the  authority  of  the  same,  That  Simon  Records,  Joshua  Keen,  Edmund  Irish,  John 
Buck,  William  Selley,  Benjamin  Selley,  William  Lowell,  Eleazer  Chace,  Joshua  Davis, 
Thomas  Irish,  Stephen  Lowell,  Jonathan  Record,  Joseph  Roberts,  junior,  John  Thorlo, 
William  Rich,  William  Berry,  Lemuel  Crocker,  Andrew  Eliott,  John  W.  Elliott,  Jouathan 
Philbrick,  Joshua  Wescot,  William  Dobb,  Jeremiah  Hodgdon,  James  Hodgdon,  Thomas 
Lowell,  John  Swett,  David  Warren,  Joseph  Roberts,  John  Irish,  junior,  Enoch  Hall, 
Nathaniel  Smith,  Jonathan  Roberts,  Jotham  Shaw,  James  Jordan,  Caleb  Young,  Amos 
Brown,  Richard  Taler,  Joseph  Chace,  John  Irish,  Samuel  Blake,  Samuel  Andrews,  Asa 
Smith,  Mark  Andrews,  Henry  Jones,  Benjamin  Jones,  Jaziel  Smith,  jun.,  Laban  Smith, 
Daniel  Child,  Hezekiah  Bryant,  Levi  Merrick,  Richard  Phillips,  John  Dillingham,  Samuel 
Gorham,  Jesse  Bradford,  Jaziel  Smith,  Daniel  French,  Daniel  Merrill,  John  Brov?n,  Ezekiel 
Bradford,  Joseph  Leavitt,  Nathaniel  Gilbert,  members  of  the  said  religious  Society, 
together  with  their  estates,  be,  and  they  hereby  are  incorporated  by  the  name  of  The 
Baptist  Society  of  Turner  and  Buckstowu,  with  all  the  privileges,  powers  and  immunities, 
to  which  other  parishes  in  the  Commonwealth  are  by  law  entitled. 

1  Eev.  Albert  Newton  Jones,  son  of  Hezekiah  W.  and  Susan  F.  Jones,  was  born  in  Weld.  He  enlisted 
in  the  U.  S.  service  August  26,  1862.  July  31,  1864,  he  was  disabled  by  sunstroke,  and  discharged  May 
17,  1865.  He  was  graduated  from  Bangor  Theological  Seminary  in  1871,  and  entered  the  Congregational 
ministry,  but  his  health  failing  he  retired  in  1888.    Politically  he  is  a  Republican. 


828  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


For  several  years  after  the  incorporation,  there  were  but  few  additions  to 
the  society.  In  1816  there  was  an  extensive  revival,  and  eight  persons  joined 
the  Baptist  church  in  Minot,  and  Elder  Ricker,  of  Minot,  was  employed  to 
preach  one-sixth  of  the  time  in  Turner.  May  12,  1824,  a  Baptist  church  was 
organized,  with  23  persons,  residents  of  Turner.  The  services  were  held  in 
Nathan  Cole's  barn  ;    Nathan  Cole  and  Thomas  Verrill  were  chosen  deacons. 

The  first  pastor  was  Rev.  Adam  Wilson,  D.D.,  from  1824  to  1828.  In  1829 
Elder  John  Hull,  from  Nova  Scotia,  was  engaged,  but  he  died  the  same  year. 
September  30,  19  churches  in  Oxford  county  met  at  Turner,  and  organized  the 
Oxford  Association.  Elder  Charles  Miller,  from  Scotland,  commenced  preach- 
ing here  in  1830,  and  continued  till  1833.  Elder  William  O.  Grant  came  in 
1833,  remained  one  year.  Elder  Josiah  Houghton  came  in  1835,  and  was 
with  them  until  his  death  in  1838.  Elder  Eliab  Coy  came  in  1838.  Elder 
Curtis  became  pastor  in  1839.  In  1841  Rev.  Adam  Wilson,  D.D.,  was  again 
minister,  continued  until  1843.  At  this  time  the  communicants  numbered  133. 
Nathaniel  Butler,  D.D.,  became  pastor  in  1844,  resigned  in  September,  1850. 
July  9,  1851,  Rev.  C.  Ayer  commenced  his  pastorate,  resigned  October  27, 
1853.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  L.  D.  Hill,  from  February  26,  1854,  to 
January  9,  1858.  His  successor  was  Rev.  H.  B.  Marshall,  October  20,  1859. 
He  closed  his  labors  December  11,  1861.  Rev.  Abner  Morrill  was  pastor  from 
October  4, 1862,  to  July  25,1864.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  John  Richardson, 
who  remained  until  1868.  His  successor  was  Rev.  I.  Record,  who  continued 
until  September  10, 1876.  Rev.  A.  A.  Smith  became  pastor  December  3, 1876, 
and  resigned  November  30, 1879.  Rev.  S.  A.  Severance  was  here  from  July  3, 
1881,  to  May,  1883.  Rev.  C.  T.  Clarke  began  his  ministry  November  18,  1883, 
and  closed  February  1,  1887.  Rev.  N.  G.  French  came  November  1,  1887. 
Mr  French  was  born  in  Norway,  March  12,  1861,  and  is  a  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Mary  L.  (Stevens)  French,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Daniel  Stevens,  M.D.,  who 
practiced  medicine  and  preached  at  China.  Rev.  Mr  French  studied  at  China 
Academy,  Oak  Grove  Seminary,  and  graduated  from  Newton  Theological 
Institute  in  1883.  The  same  year  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Harpswell.  He  was  State  Missionary  for  Maine  Baptist  Convention,  1884 
to  1887.  The  church  has  118  members.  The  Sabbath  school  has  75  scholars, 
7  teachers,  and  a  library  of  300  volumes;  W.  H.  French  is  superintendent. 
The  present  church  building  was  erected,  in  1867,  at  a  cost  of  -110,000.  It  is 
a  two-story  building,  43x66  feet,  and  will  seat  300  persons.  The  pipe  organ 
was  made  in  1848,  being  previously  used  in  the  old  church.  The  bell,  bought 
to  replace  the  one  taken  from  the  old  church,  was  purchased  in  1887,  weighs 
1,000  pounds,  and  cost  $280.     The  parsonage  is  valued  at  #1,000. 

The  UnlvermliHt  Parish.  —  December  24,  1803,  a  petition  to  the  house  of 
representatives  was  drawn  and  signed  by  Jabez  Merrill,  Arthur  Bradman, 
Samuel  Pumpilly,  Levi  Merrill,  Seriah  (or  Seriab)  Merrill,  Hezekiah  Bryant,  Jr, 


Town  of  Turner,  829 


Hezekiah  Bryant,  Richard  Phillips,  Jesse  Bradford,  David  Hood,  Reuben 
Thorp,  John  Soul,  Aaron  Soul,  Nathaniel  Sawtell,  Benjamin  Sawtell,  Joshua 
Whitman,  Elisha  Pratt,  Ezekiel  Bradford,  Jr,  Isaac  Jones,  Benjamin  Jones,  Jr, 
Bennet  Pumpilly,  Jabez  Merrill,  Jr,  Abraham  Maxim,  Richard  Phillips,  Jr, 
Gushing  Phillips,  Robert  Bradman,  Benjamin  Chamberlain,  Cyrus  Leavitt, 
Joseph  Leavitt,  Jr,  William  Bradford,  Ephraim  Turner,  Asa  Bradford,  Joseph 
Bonney,  Abie!  O.  Turner,  James  Leavitt,  Chandler  Bradford,  Henry  Jones,  Jr, 
William  Gorham,  William  Bradford,  Jr,  Samuel  Kinsley,  Samuel  Kinsley,  Jr, 
Ichabod  Bonney,  Jr,  Daniel  E'rench,  Jr,  George  French,  Elijah  Gilbert,  Josiah 
Gilbert,  Elijah  Gilbert,  Jr,  Church  Pratt,  Joseph  Merrill,  Jabez  T.  Merrill, 
Caleb  Gilbert,  and  Moses  Allen,  stating  that  they  had  formed  themselves  into 
a  distinct  religious  parish  by  the  name  of  "The  First  Universalist  Gospel 
Parish  in  Turner,"  and  asking  to  be  incorporated  by  an  act  of  General  Court. 
Arthur  Bradman  was  to  be  clerk  of  this  society.  May  14,  1804,  an  article  in 
a  warrant  to  see  if  the  town  would  send  an  agent  to  object  to  the  incorpora- 
tion was  unanimously  voted  down,  yet  40  citizens  sent  a  petition  to  the 
General  Court,  dated  May  28,  setting  forth  their  fears  if  the  parish  was  incor- 
porated that  it  would  become  so  large  as  to  cause  them  "to  Relinquish  an 
Institution  which  they  believe  highly  important  and  interesting  to  themselves, 
their  Rising  Families  and  Society  at  large,"  and  remonstrating  against  the 
incorporation.  The  matter  was,  however,  evidently  freely  discussed  with  good 
feeling,  for  November  5  a  petition  was  sent  by  26  leading  citizens,  not  Uni- 
versalists,  to  the  General  Court,  "humbly  praying  your  Honors  to  concur  with 
the  Honorable  Senate  in  granting  the  prayer  of  the  Universalists'  Petition." 
The  act  was  passed  February  16,  1805,  incorporating  54  persons  into  a  society, 
to  which  30  were  added  in  a  year.  By  an  act  of  the  Maine  Legislature,  this 
original  act  of  incorporation  was  rescinded,  and  the  society  made  a  territorial 
parish  about  1830.  On  the  formation  of  the  society  articles  of  agreement 
were  drawn  up  and  adopted,  one  of  which  pledged  the  members  never  to  go  to 
law  with  each  other,  but  to  refer  all  serious  misunderstandings  to  arbitration, 
and  they  also  covenanted  that  they  never  would  take  unlawful  or  more  than  six 
per  cent,  interest  on  money  loaned.  Rev.  Thomas  Barns,  of  Poland,  frequently 
preached  in  town  from  1800  to  1816.  Rev.  Isaac  Root  also  preached  during 
these  years.  In  1806  Rev.  Sebastian  Streeter  preached  and  awakened  a 
deep  interest.  Previous  to  1824,  there  was  also  preaching  by  Revs.  William 
Frost,  Jabez  Woodman,  William  Farewell,  Mr  Smith,  Mr  Sargent,  Benjamin 
Thorn,  and  others.  About  1824,  Rev.  Sylvan  us  Cobb  commenced  a  ministry 
of  two  or  three  years.  Rev.  William  A.  Drew  supplied  a  part  of  the  time. 
February,  1827,  Rev.  George  Bates  commenced  his  ministry,  preaching  every 
other  Sabbath  until  January,  1830,  when  he  was  settled  as  the  minister  of  the 
First  Parish  in  Turner.  Rev.  William  A.  Drew,  of  Augusta,  preached  the 
installation  sermon.       Rev.  Mr  Bates  continued  to  perform  the  duties  of  his 


830  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

office  until  1852.  A  church  was  organized  October  12,  1849,  of  29  members. 
Dr  Howe  says  of  Rev.  George  Bates:  "Of  his  character  and  standing  as  a 
man  it  is  improper  for  me  to  speak  as  he  is  yet  living,  and  of  his  merits  as 
a  preacher  it  is  quite  unnecessary  for  me  to  speak,  for  few  preachers  in  the 
state  of  any  denomination  are  more  widely  or  generally  known  than  Rev. 
George  Bates."  He  died  in  Auburn,  January  24,  1876,  aged  78  years.  In 
March,  1853,  Rev.  W.  R.  French  '  was  engaged  as  pastor,  and  continued  17 
years.  In  1870,  Rev.  H.  C.  Munson  became  their  pastor,  and  remained  about 
seven  years.  In  1878  Rev.  G.  M.  D.  Barnes  was  engaged,  and  in  August, 
1879,  Rev.  W.  R.  French  became  pastor  and  continued  four  years.  In  the 
autumn  of  1883  Rev.  John  Kimball  was  secured  and  was  here  until  July  1, 
1886,  when  he  resigned.  Rev.  W.  W.  Smith  was  engaged  in  June,  1887, 
remained  until  1890,  and  Rev.  James  Eastwood  became  pastor  in  October,  1890. 
Methodist  Episeo'pal  Chiirrh.  —  Meetings  were  held  in  Turner  several  years 
ago  by  the  resident  Methodists.  Occasionally  a  minister  would  give  them  a 
sermon,  as  he  was  passing  that  way.  Prayer-meetings  were  held  in  private 
houses.  No  class  was  formed  for  some  tinae.  Rev.  Leonard  Green  preached 
in  the  village  school-house  as  he  had  opportunity.  He  was  a  very  acceptable 
preacher.  Rev.  E.  Martin  preached  for  them  from  time  to  time.  They  seemed 
to  catch  his  zeal  and  enthusiasm  and  began  to  think  of  doing  something. 
January  9,  1879,  a  society  was  organized  and  went  to  work  with  the  energy  of 
the  fathers.  Rev.  S.  T.  Record  organized  the  M.  E.  Church  here.  May  8,  1879, 
and  was  the  first  pastor.  He  served  the  circuit  composed  of  Turner  and  Buck- 
field  three  years.  During  his  pastorate  the  church  erected  a  meeting-house 
and  finished  the  vestry,  a  very  neat  and  pleasant  place,  which  the  church  has 
occupied.  Rev.  N.  C.  Clifford  served  the  circuit  in  1882.  He  was  an  indefat- 
igable worker,  and  aided  very  essentially  in  finishing  the  church  building. 
Rev.  John  Moulton  was  appointed  pastor  for  North  Auburn,  Turner,  and 
Buckfield,  in  1883.  He  served  faithfully  three  years,  living  at  North  Auburn. 
He  did  not  do  any  work  in  Buckfield.  May,  1886,  Rev.  J.  L.  Roberts  came  to 
the  circuit  of  Turner  and  Buckfield,  and  served  it  one  year.  He  left  a  mem- 
bership of  31  and  four  probationers.  While  he  was  here  the  church  bought  a 
parsonage,  which  he  occupied,  but  it  was  sold  the  next  year.      Rev.  M.  K. 

1  Kev.  William  Riley  French,  A.M.,  D.D.,  grandson  of  Daniel  French,  was  born  in  Turner,  June  8, 
1814.  In  1833  he  became  a  student  at  Wesleyan  Seminary  at  Kent's  Hill;  in  1836  he  entered  Water- 
ville  College,  now  Colby  University.  He  became  a  Universalist  and  from  1840  to  1853  he  had  pastorates 
in  North  Fryeburg,  Lewiston  Falls,  and  West  Auburn.  He  settled  in  Turner  in  IS.'iS,  where  he  did 
good  work  for  17  years,  and  while  here  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Tufts  College;  from  1870 
for  five  years  lie  was  pastor  of  the  Union  Parish,  Unitarian  and  Universalist,  Brunswick;  in  1875  he 
returned  to  Turner,  and  August,  1879,  commenced  a  pastorate  of  four  years;  in  June,  1885,  the  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Tufts  College;  after  a  ministry  of  two  and  a  half  years  at 
Bowdoinham,  he  retired  to  his  home  in  Turner,  where  he  has  since  resided,  occupying  himself  with 
preaching,  writing,  and  other  work.    He  compiled  a  history  of  Turner,  which  was  published  in  1887. 


Town  of  Turner.  831 


Mabry^  came  in  May,  1887,  and  served  four  years.  He  commenced  with  25 
members,  and  closed  his  third  year  with  48  members  and  six  probationers. 
The  present  membership  is  composed  of  men  and  women  of  small  means  as 
regards  property,  but  have  great  faith  in  God.  The  Sunday  school  is  small, 
because  there  are  few  children  connected  with  the  church,  but  preaching  is 
sustained  every  Sunday,  and  the  Sunday  school  throughout  the  year.  The  Lord 
blesses  the  faithful  few.  Rev.  A.  B.  Graffam  succeeded  Mr  Mabry.  The  audience 
room  having  been  fitted  up,  the  church  was  dedicated  September  29,  1891. 

Meeting-house s.  —  In  1783  the  proprietors  contracted  with  Samuel  Blake, 
Henry  Jones,  John  Keen,  Nathan  Niles,  William  Bradford,  Joseph  Leavitt, 
Benjamin  Jones,  and  Jabez  Merrill,  as  agents  for  the  settlers,  to  build  a  house 
"  not  less  than  35  feet  square,  20  feet  posts,  to  board  and  clapboard  the  walls, 
board  and  shingle  the  roof,  set  24  window-frames,  glaze  six  windows  and  lay 
the  lower  floor."  For  this  they  were  to  pay  X78  and  the  settlers  were  to  be 
the  owners.  It  was  located  on  Upper  street  and  was  the  only  meeting-house 
until  1819,  when  the  Congregationalists  built  one  further  west.  This  was 
burned  in  1836  and  rebuilt  on  the  site  of  the  town  meeting-house.  In  a  few 
years  this  was  sold  and  the  church  built  at  the  village. 

In  1825  the  Universalists  erected  a  large  church  on  Lower  street.  This 
was  taken  down  in  1848  and  a  new  one  built  at  the  Centre.  Of  the  chapel  at 
Richmond's  Corner,  Dr  Howe  said  in  1843:    "It  was  built  in    1841  by  the 

iRev.  Madison  K.  Mabry  [By  Llewellyn  A.  Wadsworth,  of  Hiram.]  was  born  in  Hiram,  Me., 
October  17,  1824,  of  parents  eminent  in  moral,  mental,  and  physical  excellence.  In  his  life  on  the 
farm  he  developed  habits  of  industry  and  activity.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Hiram  and  at 
VVestbrook  Seminary.  At  the  age  of  17  he  commenced  teaching,  which  he  followed  40  years  in  Hiram, 
Porter,  Parsonsfield,  Brownfield,  Waterford,  Bridgton,  Denmark,  Baldwin,  Sebago,  Saco.  He  was 
preceptor  of  Limerick  Academy  three  years,  from  March,  18ii7,  and  principal  of  Parsonsfield  Seminary 
two  years.  He  served  often  as  school  committee  and  supervisor  of  schools  iu  Hiram,  and  was  super- 
visor of  schools  of  York  county  three  years.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  in  Hiram  seven  years.  He 
has  taught  112  terms  of  school,  including  several  terms  of  free  high  school,  and  won  golden  opinions 
for  his  sympathetic  kindness,  keen,  clear  powers  of  analysis,  description,  and  illustration,  and  his  name 
still  lingers  in  the  school-day  memories  of  hundreds  of  his  pupils.  He  was  ever  on  the  alert,  with 
versatile  powers,  restless  energy,  ceaseless  activity, and  fearless  independence  of  character;  a  ready  and 
pleasing  speaker,  with  an  ample  fund  of  wit,  humor,  anecdote,  and  general  information,  with  fine 
conversational  and  controversial  powers,  he  led  the  vanguard  of  temperance,  freedom,  morality,  and 
education  in  Hiram  for  30  years.  In  these  particulars  he  has  not  been  exceeded  by  any  citizen  in  this 
century.  He  married,  first,  Dorcas  True.  They  had  three  sons  and  four  daughters,  who  attained 
maturity,  and  had  excellent  scholarship  and  musical  talent,  and  the  home  circle  was  a  model  of  intel- 
ligence, culture,  and  refinement.  March  KJ,  188(i,  he  married  Ella  T.,  daughter  of  Francis  Safford,  of 
Turner  (she  is  granddaughter  of  Benjamin  Safford,  who  came  from  Minot  and  was  the  pioneer  settler 
at  North  Turner  Bridge.  His  children  were  Nathan,  AVilliam,  Francis,  Eliza,  and  Polly.  Mrs  Mabry's 
mother  was  daughter  of  Zebulon  Millett,  of  Leeds).  In  1876  Mr  Mabry  experienced  religion  and  joined 
the  Methodist  church.  He  received  a  local  preacher's  license  in  1881,  and  has  served  in  Mercer, 
Fairfield,  Livermore,  Turner,  and  Rumford  with  good  results,  enhanced  by  his  genial  nature,  broad 
humanity,  and  catholicity  of  spirit.  Mr  Mabry  has  always  been  a  radical  in  politics  and  in  temper- 
ance. He  enlisted  June  17,  1862,  and  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  the  loth  Me,  but  was 
discharged  for  disability  the  same  year.  He  was  very  active  in  raising  the  quotas  of  his  town  and  in 
sending  supplies  to  sick  and  wounded  soldiers.  He  is  connected  with  several  fraternal  societies  and 
has  been  grand  chaplain  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  I.  O.  G.  T.  of  Maine. 


832  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Universalists  alone,  but  they  use  it  only  one-half  of  the  time,  and  the  other 
half  (like  the  gate  of  Heaven)  'it  stands  open  night  and  day'  to  any  sect  of 
worshipers  who  ma}'  choose  to  enter  in  and  enjoy  it."  A  Union  church  was 
built  in  North  Turner  and  dedicated  in  1877  free  from  debt.  It  is  free  to  all 
religions. 

Schools.  —  The  first  school  was  a  private  one,  taught  by  Arthur  Bradman  in 
1788.  In  1790  Joseph  Stockbridge  was  employed  to  teach  a  public  or  town 
school.  After  him  Elisha  Sylvester  and  Benjamin  Evans  were  successively 
employed  for  several  years  each  as  public  school  teachers.  In  1792  .£20  was 
voted  by  the  town  for  a  school.  In  1793  X24  was  raised  to  build  a  school- 
house  on  Lower  street.  In  1791:  Benaiah  Niles,  Seth  Staples,  and  Jabez 
Merrill  were  chosen  school  committeemen.  Liberal  support  was  given  to 
education  and  the  schools  improved  in  number  and  character.  Dr  Howe  says 
(1843)  :  "  The  town  has  18  school  districts  in  which  a  public  school  is  annually 
taught  of  from  four  to  eight  months'  duration,  according  to  the  number  of 
scholars  and  price  paid  for  tuition.  There  is  a  regular  grammar  or  high  school 
taught  for  six  months  during  each  year,  wholly  supported  by  the  interest 
arising  from  the  town  school  fund.  This  school  is  alternatel}'  kept  in  different 
sections  of  the  town,  and  furnishes  great  advantages  not  only  to  those  youth 
who  wish  to  pursue  the  higher  branches  of  education,  but  in  exciting  a  tone  of 
feeling  or  emulation  in  the  primary  schools  which  is  necessary  to  the  full 
development  of  their  purposes;  as  well  as  by  furnishing  annually  a  large 
number  of  teachers  of  both  sexes  to  supply  the  demands  of  this  and  neighbor- 
ing towns."  For  some  years  free  high  schools  have  been  kept  in  the  spring 
and  free  grammar  schools  in  the  fall.  Some  time  ago  the  town  abolished  the 
district  system  and  a  town  committee  supervises  the  educational  interests  and 
employs  the  teachers.  The  school-houses  belong  to  the  town.  The  best  of 
results  have  followed  this  action. 

Temperance.  —  Dr  Howe  writes  thus  of  the  temperance  movement  of  50 
years  ago :  "  The  joyful  tidings  of  the  Washingtonian  reformers  reached 
Turner  in.  the  fall  of  1841,  and  two  new  temperance  societies  were  simul- 
taneously formed  upon  the  new  principles  in  different  sections  of  the  town. 
The  ladies  soon  caught  the  inspiration  of  the  times  and  formed  two  auxiliary 
Samaritan  societies.  The  two  sexes  thus  cutting  together  like  the  two  blades 
of  the  scissors,  have  made  a  smooth  work  among  us  of  the  temperance  reform." 
The  good  work  thus  begun  has  steadily  increased  in  influence,  and  at  present 
there  are  three  lodges  of  Good  Templars  in  active  operation  in  tlie  town. 

Centomial  Celebration. —  July  7,  1886,  a  large  number  celebrated  the  cen- 
tennial of  the  incorporation  of  the  town.  The  committee  in  charge  was  Hon. 
Rufus  Prince,  Major  H.  C.  Haskell,  Rackley  D.  Leavitt,  Dr  John  T.  Gushing, 
Elias  Keene,  and  Henry  Turner.  The  procession  was  a  mile  in  length.  Many 
representations  of  old-time  life  were  shown,  and  large  tents  were  erected  to 


Town  of  Turner.  833 


accommodate  the  multitude.  The  order  of  exercises  in  the  great  tent  was: 
Centennial  March,  by  Norway  Band;  prayer  by  Rev.  E.  Martin;  singing  by 
chorus  of  100  voices,  Albert  E.  Bradford  conductor;  address  of  welcome  by 
Dr  J.  T.  Gushing;  historical  address  by  Rev.  W.  R.  French,  D.D.;  singing; 
poem  by  Mrs  Caroline  W.  D.  Rich,  of  Auburn,  granddaughter  of  Joseph 
Leavitt,  one  of  the  first  settlers;  dinner  in  a  large  tent  on  the  grounds; 
address  by  Hon.  Washington  Gilbert,  of  Bath;  music;  address  by  Hon. 
George  A.  Wilson,  of  South  Paris;  music;  short  speeches  by  residents,  former 
citizens,  and  guests;  (among  these  were  Hon.  E.  B.  Washburn;  ex-Governor 
Merrill,  of  Iowa;  Dr  Pearl  Martin,  of  Medford,  Mass.;  Clarence  Hale,  Esq., 
of  Portland;  Col  F.  M.  Drew,  of  Lewiston;  ex-Governor  Sidney  Perham,  of 
Paris;  Dr  Kendall  Newhall,  of  Rhode  Island ;  Solon  Chase;  Daniel  Lara,  of 
Auburn;   Hon.  Rufus  Prince;)  singing;  music. 

Physicians.  —  Br  Daniel  Child  was  the  first  one  in  town.  He  came  from 
Woodstock,  Conn.,  in  1781,  settled  on  Lower  street,  and  was  a  very  skillful 
physician.  He  died  in  1802.  Dr  Luther  Cary  was  born  in  Bridgewater, 
Mass.,  in  1761.      He  served  his  country  for  four  years,  enlisting  at  the  age  of 

14.  He  then  became  a  physician,  and  came  to  Turner  in  1798,  and  settled 
near  the  south  end  of  Lower  street.  He  was  a  man  of  high  character  and  a 
successful  practitioner.  He  had  a  large  family.  One  son,  Hugh,  lived  and 
died  on  the  home  farm.  Dr  Cary  was  several  times  president  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  Maine,  in  1805  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
for  the  county  of  Oxford,  and  he  was  made  president  of  Oxford  County  Tem- 
perance Society  at  its  organization  in  1829.  He  died  in  1848  of  old  age. 
Dr  Timothy  Howe,  born  in  Hillsborough,  N.  H.,  in  1778,  moved  into  Turner 
about  1804.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Brettun's  Mills,  Livermore,  but 
returned  to  Turner,  where  he  died  in  August,  1848.  He  was  a  man  of  fine 
education,  and  wrote  a  history  of  Turner  (unpublished),  from  which  we  have 
gleaned  much  of  value.     Dr  PliUip  Bradford  was  born  at  Turner  Centre,  July 

15,  1789.  After  attending  the  town  schools,  he  studied  at  Hebron  Academy, 
then  attended  lectures  in  the  medical  department  of  Dartmouth  College,  where 
he  received  his  M.D.  He  located  in  Turner.  He  was  a  successful  practitioner, 
and  practiced  also  in  Greene  and  Leeds,  and  other  towns.  He  enjoyed  the 
confidence  of  the  public,  both  as  a  man  and  physician..  He  died  June  24, 1863. 
Dr  Henry  D.  Irish  was  born  in  Buckfield  in  1821.  He  studied  medicine,  and 
located  at  Turner  Village,  December,  1847.  He  was  energetic,  persevering, 
and  persistent  in  a  remarkable  degree.  He  was  one  of  the  leading  physicians  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  January  16,  1871.  Dr  H.  L.  Irish,  his  son,  commenced 
practice  in  the  village  in  March,  1875.  He  was  graduated  from  a  medical 
school  in  New  York  City,  and  is  a  successful  practitioner.  Dr  William.  H. 
Jewett  located  in  Turner  Village,  and  was  a  resident  physician  through  life, 
except  a  term  of  service  as  surgeon  in  the  Civil    War.      He  was  a  faithful 


834  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

physician.  He  died  August  26,  1879.  Br  Elhridge  Gr.  Edgecomh,  son  of  Ben- 
jamin and  Sarah  Edgecomb,  was  born  in  Livermore,  August  17, 1814.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  medical  department  of  Bowdoin  College,  and  received  his 
degree  in  1845.  He  practiced  successfully  in  Readfield  and  Foxcroft,  and 
located  in  Turner  in  1866,  where  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  attended 
to  the  arduous  duties  of  his  profession.  Dr  Riclmiond  Bradford  opened  an 
ofhce  here,  but  soon  removed  to  Auburn.  Dr  Moscoe  Smithy  a  native  of  Peru 
was  educated  at  Maine  State  College  and  Bates  College.  He  attended  medical 
lectures  at  Brunswick  and  Harvard.  He  located  in  Turner  in  1871,  and  by 
attention  to  his  professional  duties  soon  acquired  a  large  business.  He  m.  Ellen, 
daughter  of  Hon.  Keuel  Washburn.  He  owns  and  conducts  a  stock  farm,  and 
served  his  country  in  the  Rebellion.  He  is  a  temperance  worker,  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.,  and  a  Mason,  and  is  the  present  representative  from  Turner- 
Livermore  district.  Dr  John  T.  CusJihu/,  son  of  Charles  and  Sarah  R.  Cushing, 
was  born  in  Turner,  September  30,  1831.  He  attended  college  at  Kent's  Hill, 
studied  medicine  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  in  1864  received  his  M.D. 
from  the  University  of  Iowa,  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  was  principal  of  an  academy 
in  Georgia  for  four  years.  He  married  Hortense,  daughter  of  James  Sullivan 
Hale.  He  was  a  surgeon  during  the  Civil  War,  and  at  its  close  located  in 
Huron,  Ohio,  as  a  physician.  He  served  on  the  school  board  and  in  the  cit}^ 
council,  and  was  mayor  of  Huron  for  several  years.  He  returned  to  Turner  in 
1881,  and  has  represented  his  town  in  the  legislature,  and  held  other  offices  of 
trust.  He  was  appointed  special  agent  of  the  United  States  to  collect  statistics 
of  recorded  indebtedness  in  Maine  for  the  eleventh  census,  and  in  November, 
1890,  was  appointed  to  an  executive  office  in  the  division  of  mines  and  mining 
in  the  U.  S.  census  bureau.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  is  a  skillful 
physician  and  surgeon,  and  has  been  vice-president  of  Erie  County  Medical 
Society,  of  Ohio,  and  a  member  of  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  and  Androscoggin 
County  Medical  Society.  Oliver  A.  Sprar/ue^  M.D.^  son  of  Virgil  H.  and  Julia 
R.  Sprague,  was  born  in  Greene,  January  6,  1864.  He  acquired  his  medical 
education  at  Maine  Medical  School,  and  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
New  York  City,  where  he  received  his  degree,  March  11,  1889.  After  some 
practical  experience  in  New  York  Cit}^  hospitals,  he  returned  to  Greene,  and 
September  1,  1889,  located  in  Turner,  and  is  enjoying  a  good  practice. 

Lawyers. —  Ezekiel  Whitman  came  in  1799.  William  K.  Porter,  of  Bath, 
practiced  here  16  years,  dying  in  1834.  He  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Andrews, 
Timothy  Ludden,  Mandeville  T.  Ludden,  and  Barzilla  Streeter,  who  were  here 
for  a  few  j^ears.    The  present  lawyer  is  E.  V.  Stevens.     (See  Bench  and  Bar.) 

Governor  William  Bradford  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  March, 
1589,  and  died  May  9,  1657,  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  whither  he  had  come  in 
1620  in  the  "  Mayflower."  He  was  governor  of  Plj'-mouth  Colony  31  years. 
His  oldest  son  by  his  second  wife,  Mrs  Alice  Southworth,  was  William,  who 


Town  of  Turner.  835 


was  deputy-governor.  William's  third  wife  was  the  widow  of  Rev.  John 
Holmes.  Their  son  Ephruim  m.  Elizabeth  Brewster,  of  Duxbury.  Of  their 
children,  Ezekiel  (born  in  Kingston,  1728,  died  in  1816),  married  Betsey 
Chandler  (born  in  Duxbury,  1728,  died  in  Turner,  1811),  and  came  to  Turner 
about  1782.  Six  of  his  sons  were  also  settlers  here.  His  children  were 
Uphraim,  m.  Judith  Moulton ;  William,  m.  Asenath  Mason  in  1776,  lived  on 
the  Calvin  McKenney  farm  ;  children,  William  and  Asa.  William,  Ji\  m.  Chloe 
Phillips.  Their  married  life  continued  over  half  a  century.  He  was  a  great 
lover  of  music,  a  strong  temperance  advocate,  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  the 
gospel.  He  died  in  March,  1860,  aged  83.  His  only  son,  Cren.  Phillips  Brad- 
ford, was  born  September  28,  1816,  and  died  in  Auburn,  July  24,  1889.  He 
m.  Mary  B.  Bird,  of  Auburn  ;  their  children  were  Rose  (Mrs  A.  S.  Daggett) 
and  Commander  Royal  B.  Bradford,  U.  S.  N.,  who  took  a  four  years'  course  at 
the  Naval  Academy,  was  an  honor  man  in  his  class,  and  now  commands  the 
U.  S.  S.  Bennington.  It  was  mainly  through  his  efforts  and  those  of  Mellen 
Bray,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  that  a  fine  monument  was  erected  in  the  Upper  street 
burying-ground  to  the  memor}^  of  Ezekiel  Bradford  and  his  wife.  Gen.  Brad- 
ford acquired  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in  the  militia.  He  cultivated  one 
of  the  finest  and  largest  farms  in  town.  He  was  conversant  with  town  affairs, 
represented  Turner  in  the  legislature  in  1866  and  1867,  was  a  Mason  for  many 
years ;  Deborah  m.  Barnabas  Winslow ;  Jesse  m.  Judith  Weston,  and  erected  a 
large  house  and  a  lumber  and  flour  mill  at  Turner  Centre ;  Rebecca  m.  William 
True ;  Chandler  m.  Sarah  French.  Their  oldest  son,  Benjamin,  settled  in 
Livermore  as  a  physician.  Another  son,  "Major"  Seth,  lived  on  the  river 
road  and  has  descendants';  Ezekiel  m.  Mary  House,  and  settled  at  the  north 
end  of  Upper  street.  His  daughter  Betsey  m.  2d,  Dr  Philip  Bradford,  Sarah 
ra.  Royal  Whitman,  Nancy  m.  W.  B.  Bray;  Martin  m.  Prudence  Dillingham. 
He  had  a  farm  of  500  acres.  Among  his  sons  were  Martin,  Freeman,  and 
Richmond;  Philip  m.  Polly  Bonney;  Betsey  m.  Daniel  Briggs,  of  Minot. 

Philip  C.  Bradford,  son  of  Dr  Philip  Bradford  and  a  great-grandson  of 
Ezekiel  Bradford,  was  born  on  Elmbrook  Farm,  where  he  now  resides.  At  the 
age  of  20  he  went  to  Winthrop.  He  was  in  trade  several  years.  For  15  years 
he  was  connected  with  the  Winthrop  Mills  Company  as  stockholder,  director, 
and  agent ;  for  20  years  he  was  a  director  in  the  National  Bank  of  Winthrop ; 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  1862  and  1863.  After  nearly  40  years' 
absence,  in  1886  he  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Turner.  He  is  a  Universalist 
in  liis  religious  preferences  and  a  Democrat  in  his  political  affiliations. 

WiUiain  B.  Bradford,  son  of  Jesse  and  Celia  (Whitman)  Bradford,  of 
Turner,  is  a  descendant  of  Gov.  Bradford.  His  great-grandfather  Jesse  and 
grandfather  Dura  were  natives  of  Massachusetts.     Capt.  Dura  Bradford  was 

iSix  of  the  daughters  m.  prominent  men:   Justus  Conant,  Aaron  Dillingham,  Luther  Bailey,  and 
Horace  Gary,  of  Turner;  Elisha  Stetson,  of  Auburn;  and  Reuel  Toner,  of  Sweden. 


836  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

captain  of  the  Turner  Artillery  in  1812.  Mr  Bradford  deals  in  general  m.er- 
ehandise  and  has  been  in  trade  many  years  in  the  store  formerly  occupied  by 
his  father.  He  is  a  Congregationalist  in  his  religious  views,  a  Republican 
politically,  and  has  been  town  treasurer  three  years.  He  is  a  member  of  Blake 
Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  now  P.  N.  G. ;  also  a  member  of  Nezinscot  Lodge, 
F.  &  A.  M. 

Major-G-eneral  Alden  Blossom^  son  of  Sylvanus  and  Martha  (Alden)  Blos- 
som, was  born  in  Bridgewater,  July  1,  1776.  He  came  to  Turner  in  1800, 
where  he  married  Lydia  D.,  daughter  of  Moses  Stevens,  in  1803.  They  had  a 
large  family  of  children ;  a  son,  George  W.,  occupies  the  homestead  on  Upper 
street.  Gen.  Blossom  was  a  useful  man  in  the  community.  He  was  a  trader, 
kept  tavern,  was  postmaster  for  25  years;  was  first  a  Whig,  later  a  Democrat; 
was  high  sheriff  for  eight  years  of  Oxford  county;  was  interested  in  matters 
tending  to  further  the  prosperity  of  the  town;  a  prominent  Free  Mason  and  a 
Congregationalist.  He  died  in  1863.  Family  tradition  says  that  he  received 
13  commissions  from  governors  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine.  His  daughter, 
Narcissa,  married  Daniel,  son  of  Dan  and  Deborah  (Jones)  Pratt,  of  Taunton, 
who  settled  in  Turner  in  1799.  Dan  Pratt  served  in  tlie  Revolution.  The 
surviving  children  of  Daniel  and  Narcissa  (Blossom)  Pratt  are  Sarah  (Mrs 
E.  M.  Leavitt,  of  Auburn),  Susan  (Mrs  M.  W.  Turner),  and  Judson  A.,  the 
only  descendant  of  Dan  Pratt  living  in  Turner. 

David  Hale  came  early  from  Connecticut  and  purchased  and  settled  on  one 
of  the  original  school  lots  of  the  town,  which  he  purchased  in  1803  for  $1,100. 
His  wife  was  a  Kingsbury  and  a  devout  member  of  the  Congregational  church. 
They  had  two  sons,  Dr  David  and  James  S.,  and  three  daughters,  all  born  in 
Connecticut.  Dr  David  Hale  settled  at  Livermore  Falls,  where  he  practiced 
medicine  until  his  death.  He  has  a  son  living  in  Iowa,  and  his  granddaughter 
lives  on  his  homestead.  James  Sullivan  Hale  inherited  the  lands  of  his  father 
and  added  largely  to  them  during  his  active  and  industrious  life,  and  brought 
the  whole  into  fine  condition.  He  was  a  man  universally  esteemed,  bore  the 
title  of  "Squire,"  and  was  active  in  Congregational  church  circles.  He  died 
in  December,  1880,  and  his  wife  (Betsey,  daughter  of  John  Staples)  in  Decem- 
ber, 1881.  They  had  five  children:  Eugene,  Hortense  (Mrs  J.  T.  Gushing), 
Frederick  (dec),  Augusta  (Mrs  George  Gifford),  Clarence. 

Hon.  Eugene  Hale  was  born  in  1836,  received  the  educational  advantages  of 
the  schools  of  Turner  and  Hebron  Academy,  studied  law  with  Howard  & 
Strout  in  Portland,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  When  he  was  21  he 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  Orland,  but  being  soon  offered  a  position  as 
partner  of  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Ellsworth,  he  removed  thither  and  became 
the  junior  partner  of  the  firm  of  Robinson  &  Hale.  Mr  Robinson  soon  died, 
and  Mr  Hale  succeeded  to  his  large  practice,  and  from  that  time  has  had  a  law 
office  in  Ellsworth.      He  has  been  county  attorney  of  Hancock  county  several 


Town  of  Turner.  837 


years,  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  state  legislature  several  terms, 
member  of  the  national  House  of  Representatives  for  ten  years,  was  elected 
U.  S.  senator  in  1881,  re-elected  in  1887,  and  now  holds  the  office.  He  married 
a  daughter  of  Hon.  Zach.  Chandler,  of  Michigan,  and  has  three  sons. 

Hon.  Job  Prince  was  born  in  Buckfield  in  IVIarch,  1795.  He  was  educated 
at  the  public  schools  and  at  Hebron  Academy.  He  began  life  on  a  farm  in 
Turner  in  March,  1819.  His  principal  business  was  farming.  In  the  War  of 
1812  he  served  a  short  campaign  in  the  Mass.  militia.  In  May,  1818,  was 
commissioned  captain  of  militia;  major,  November,  1820;  aid  and  orderly 
officer  of  the  sixth  division  with  the  rank  of  major,  February,  1822.  As 
evidence  of  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  his  fellow-citizens  it  may 
be  stated  that  he  served  them  acceptably  in  all  the  principal  town  offices ;  was 
for  many  years  a  trustee  and  treasurer  of  the  ministerial  and  grammar  school 
funds  of  town  ;  trustee  of  the  county  and  state  agricultural  societies ;  member 
of  both  branches  of  the  legislature  and  executive  council;  president  of  the 
state  senate  in  1839;  county  commissioner  and  judge  of  probate;  assistant 
assessor  of  internal  revenue  ;  justice  of  the  peace  and  ilediinua  justice  from 
1832,  and  for  37  years  justice  of  the  quorum  throughout  the  state.  He  was  the 
first  vice-president  of  Oxford  County  Agricultural  Society  in  1842-3-4, audits 
president  in  1845-6.  He  was  resorted  to  for  surveying  land,  drawing  deeds 
and  bonds,  and  other  legal  instruments,  held  justice  courts  for  the  trial  of 
many  causes,  acted  as  claim  agent  in  procuring  42  Revolutionary  pensions  and 
347  land-warrants,  and  administered  on  91  estates.  A  record  of  a  more  useful 
life  it  would  be  hard  to  find.     He  died  May  1,  1875. 

Hon.  Rufus  Prince.,  son  of  Hon.  Job  Prince,  was  born  July  11,  1825,  and 
died  March  27,  1891.  He  was  educated  at  the  district  school  and  Westbrook 
Academy.  He  was  selectman,  member  of  the  school  committee,  and  town 
moderator  of  Turner,  a  county  commissioner  of  Androscoggin  county  for  two 
terms,  county  treasurer  of  Androscoggin,  and  served  upon  commissions  and 
appointments  from  probate  and  insolvency  courts,  where  he  did  almost  as  much 
business  as  many  attorneys  at  law.  In  1865  he  was  a  member  of  Governor 
Cony's  council.  In  1866-67-68  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  board  of 
agriculture.  In  1872  he  represented  Turner  in  the  legislature,  and  in  1878-79 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  From  1867  to  1880  he  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  inspectors  of  prisons  and  jails.  For  nearly  15  years  he  was 
trustee  and  president  of  the  Androscoggin  County  Agricultural  Society.  He 
assisted  to  the  development  of  that  society  until  the  beginning  of  its  joint 
exhibition  with  the  Maine  State  Agricultural  Society.  In  1873  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Maine  State  Agricultural  Society,  and  again  in  1874-75-76. 
He  was  elected  president  of  the  Association  in  1877.  He  was  again  elected 
in  1879  and  re-elected  each  year  until  his  death.  In  1889  he  was  elected 
Worthy  Master  of  the  Maine  State  Grange.     For  six  years  he  had  been  lecturer 


838  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

of  the  Turner  Grange,  and  had  also  been  master  of  that  Grange.  He  was  a 
strong  temperance  man,  a  devoted  member  of  the  Universalist  church,  presi- 
dent of  the  Maine  State  Universalist  Convention  for  three  years,  and  president 
of  the  Maine  Universalist  Sabbath  School  Convention  for  two  years.  His 
character  was  unimpeachable,  for  it  was  full  of  strong  points  upon  a  Christian 
side.  He  had  a  peculiarly  agreeable  manner  and  a  soft  and  pleasant  voice. 
No  one  ever  approached  him  without  receiving  a  welcome,  and  no  one  ever 
left  him  without  appreciating  the  great  kindness  and  patience  of  the  man. 
Nobody  appreciated  or  admired  him  more  than  the  men  who  knew  him  best. 
He  had  an  immense  number  of  friends  among  the  plain  people  of  the  state, 
and  had  lie  lived  would  have  been  a  formidable  candidate  for  the  Republican 
nomination  for  governor  at  the  next  state  convention. 

aen.  PMlo  Clark  was  born  in  Minot,  July  8,  1804,  and  died  June  20,  1884. 
He  came  to  Turner  in  1817,  and  in  1825  succeeded  his  father  in  trade  for  many 
years.  He  was  for  a  long  time  deputy  sheriff  of  Oxford  county,  once 
sheriff,  and  in  1845-50  state  senator.  He  was  vice-president  of  Oxford  County 
Agricultural  Society  in  1848-9,  and  its  president  in  1850.  For  many  years  he 
was  unanimously  chosen  moderator  at  town  meetings,  and  held  many  town 
offices.  A  strong  Democrat,  he  was  a  standing  delegate  to  county,  district, 
state,  and  national  conventions.  He  acquired  his  title  of  general  in  the  militia, 
and  made  a  splendid  officer,  having  a  grand  physique,  a  fine  military  bearing, 
and  a  powerful  voice.     He  was  a  Mason  for  58  years. 

Solon  Chase  is  a  native  of  Turner.  His  father,  Isaac  Chase,  came  to  Turner 
from  Standish  about  70  years  ago,  giving  his  name  to  Chase's  Mills.  His  wife 
was  Eunice,  daughter  of  Rev.  Nathaniel  Chase,  of  Buckfield.  The  life  of 
their  son,  Solon  (born  January  14,  1823,),  was  uneventful  until  he  was  about 
50  years  old,  when  "he  got  the  'Greenback'  religion  and  felt  a  call  to  preach." 
For  the  next  10  years  he  was  a  prominent  figure  in  the  political  world, 
"stumping"  nearly  every  state  in  the  Union,  and  "Solon  and  them  steers" 
were  household  words  with  thousands  who  had  never  listened  to  his  rough  and 
ready  wit  and  original  sayings.  He  was  nominated  in  1876  as  member  of 
Congress  for  the  Second  District.  520  votes  only  were  cast  for  his  party. 
At  the  next  Congressional  election  he  received  9,000  votes.  He  was  also  a 
popular  editor  of  Greenback  newspapers.  When  the  Greenback  agitation 
subsided,  Mr  Chase  returned  to  his  farm,  and  its  management  has  since  divided 
his  time  with  his  duties  as  postmaster. 

Leonard  S'/ceff,  JSsq.,  was  born  in  Turner,  August  11,  1825,  served  in  the 
Mexican  War  after  graduating  at  Waterville  College,  and  in  1848  became  a 
lawyer  in  Illinois,  where  he  and  Abraham  Lincoln  formed  a  strong  mutual 
affection.  When  Mr  Lincoln  became  President,  Mr  Swett  was  given  charge  of 
many  important  causes  for  the  government.  He  was  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
men  of  the  Northwest,  and  in  his  practice  defended  20  persons  charged  with 


Town  of  Turner.  839 


murder,  securing  the  acquittal  of  19.     He  delivered  the  oration  at  the  unveiling 
of  the  statue  of  Lincoln  in  Chicago  in  1887.     He  died  in  1889. 

Joseph  Henry  Hooper^  son  of  Jacob  and  Deliverance  Hooper,  of  Marble- 
head,  Mass.,  was  born  in  Augusta.  Mr  Hooper  was  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Walter  Corey  &  Co.,  of  Portland,  Me,  for  18  years,  and  afterwards  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  E.  A.  Hooper  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  married,  August  14, 
1854,  Miss  Clarinda  Morton  Lindsey,  of  Turner,  a  granddaughter  of  Isaiah 
Leavitt,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  town,  and  the  farm  on  which  Mr 
Hooper  passed  most  of  the  last  six  years  of  his  life  was  a  part  of  the  original 
Leavitt  farm,  which  formerly  extended  from  the  hill  to  the  river,  and  was 
first  occupied  by  Isaiah's  eldest  son,  Alvin  Leavitt.  Mr  Hooper  died  May  29, 
1889.  He  was  a  member  of  Turner  Grange,  a  Republican  in  his  politics,  and  a 
Universalist  in  religion. 

Walter  B.  Beals  was  born  in  Turner,  December  22,  1856.  He  is  a  son  of 
Leonard  M.  Beals,  who  was  born  in  Leeds,  August  1,  1831.  His  maternal 
grandparents,  Martin  Leonard,  born  March  14,  1778,  and  his  wife  Hannah 
Stetson,  born  April  5,  1784,  were  among  the  early  settlers  from  Bridgewater, 
Mass.  Martin  Leonard  was  engaged  in  trade  with  Alden  Blossom  at  one  time. 
He  moved  from  Turner  to  Leeds  78  j^ears  ago.  Laura  (Bradford)  Beals, 
mother  of  W.  B.  Beals,  was  born  in  Turner,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Asa  Brad- 
ford, and  a  lineal  descendant  of  Gov.  William  Bradford,  through  his  great- 
grandson,  Ezekiel.  In  politics  Mr  Beals  has  always  been  a  Republican.  In 
religion  he  is  a  Universalist.  He  is  a  miller  and  dealer  in  flour,  grain,  and  feed. 
He  was  town  agent  for  eight  years;  chairman  of  Republican  town  committee 
six  years;  collector  of  taxes.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Bodwell, 
county  commissioner  for  Androscoggin  county,  to  fill  the  vacanc}'^  caused  by 
the  death  of  Henry  Bonney,  and  elected  to  the  same  office  in  September,  1888, 
for  the  term  of  six  years.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  Blake  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
No.  110,  its  first  recording  secretary,  and  later  its  presiding  officer.  Lie  is  a 
member  of  Turner  Grange,  P.  of  H.,  a  charter  member  of  Major  Leavitt  Lodge, 
No.  74,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  its  Master  of  Exchequer. 


840  HiSTOBY  OF  Androscoggin  County. 

BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCH. 

HON.    JESSE   DREW. 

THE  Drew  (Drewe)  family  of  England  descend  from  an  early  noble 
Norman,  tracing  the  line  through  centuries.  Members  of  the  family 
accompanied  William  the  Conqueror  to  England,  participated  in  the 
memorable  battle  of  Hastings  (1060),  and  were  granted  lands  in  Devon,  Here- 
ford, and  elsewhere,  enrolled  in  the  Doomsda}^  Book.  According  to  a  preamble 
to  the  Drew  pedigree,  given  by  the  King  of  Arms,  "The  ancient  and  knightly 
family  of  Drew  of  Devonshire  are  lineal  descendants  from  Richard,  Duke  of 
Normandy,  grandfather  of  William  the  Conqueror.  (Descendants  of  this  line 
are  now  residents  at  Drewscliffe,  Devon;  a  younger  branch  was  transplanted 
to  Ireland.)  On  the  escutcheon  is  an  ermined  lion  passant  gules,,  langued  and 
armed.  The  quarterings  show  intermarriages  with  the  Cliffords  and  other 
noble  families.  Crest:  a  bull's  head  erased  sable;  in  his  mouth  three  ears  of 
wheat,  '>r.     Motto:   Dra</o ;  nomeii  et  virtas  arma  (JtuUf.''''      [Editor.] 

Hon.  Jesse  Dre/r,  son  of  Stephen  and  Anna  (Bisbee)  Drew,  and  descendant 
of  John  Drew,  the  emigrant,  of  Plymouth  in  16(>0  (who  was  son  of  William 
and  grandson  of  Sir  Edward  Drew  of  England),  was  born  in  Turner,  September 
21,  1808,  and  died  in  Eewiston,  August  31,  1800.  His  father  bought  in  1803  a 
part  of  lot  224,  ministerial  lands.  His  early  life  was  passed  in  Turner.  He 
married  (1st)  Hannah  T.  Phillips,  who  died  August  27,  1852.  Children  : 
Hannah  G.  (died  young);  E^'ranklin  M.'  (m.  January  2,  1862,  Araminta  B., 
daughter  of  Gen.  Merrill  Woodman,  of  Naples,  a  lady  prominent  in  church 
and  benevolent  works)  ;  Delphina  M.  (dec.)  ;  Ann  P.  (Mrs  Robert  H.  Perkins) 
(dec.)  ;  George  E.  (m.  Edna  Flint).  Mr  Drew  married  (2)  Clara  B.,  daughter 
of  Gen.  Joel  Wellington,  of  Monticello.  She  died  October  27, 1867.  Children  : 
Gertrude  H.  (dec.)  ;  Morrill  N.  (county  attorney  of  Aroostook  county  four 
years,  and  now  member  of  the  Maine  House  of  Representatives).  Mr  Drew 
was  a  Democrat  until  the  Republican  party  was  organized.  He  was  deputy 
sheriff  and  jailor  of  Oxford  county  many  years  and  active  in  affairs.  About 
1853  he  removed  to  Aroostook  county,  engaged  in  trade  at  Caribou,  and  dis- 
played the  same  energy  in  this  new  field.  His  services  were  called  for  in 
shaping  the  political  character  of  the  county,  and  he  was  efficient  all  through 
the  Civil  War  in  enlisting  and  caring  for  soldiers.  In  1865  he  was  appointed 
collector  of  customs  at  Fort  Fairfield  for  the  Aroostook  district  and  displayed 
high  ability  in  the  conduct  of  the  office,  which  he  held  for  16  years.  He  was 
a  prominent  citizen  of  the  state  as  well  as  of    Eastern  Maine,  served  in  the 

1  See  page  330. 


Town  of  Turner.  841 


legislature,  and  probably  no  man  in  Maine  had  a  wider  acquaintance  with 
prominent  men.  In  religion  he  was  a  Universalist,  but  his  friendliness 
extended  to  all  who  loved  the  right,  and  in  social  life  he  was  the  soul  of  kind- 
liness and  honor.  He  was  loyal  to  his  trusts,  his  country'-,  and  his  God,  and 
his  extended  circle  of  friends  will  long  remember  his  pure  nature,  his  remark- 
able knowledge  of  men  and  events,  his  quaint  humor,  his  keen  and  alert 
sagacity,  and  his  warm  friendships.  Judge  Whitehouse  writes  of  him :  "  He 
has  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in  tlie  history  of  the  state;  I  never  knew  one  of 
greater  sagacity.  He  has  been  a  successful  man,  and  an  honest,  kindly,  good 
man."  Chief-Justice  Peters  says:  '' He  was  a  lovable  man,  full  of  goodness 
and  sympathy  for  many  friends.  I  shall  miss  him  in  my  mind  for  long  time  to 
come,  and  could  never  forget  him  and  his  many  personal  kindnesses." 


842  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


LIVERMORE, 


CHAPTER   LH. 

Situation— Soil— Incorporation— First  Meeting  and  Names  of  Proprietors  — Extracts 
from  Proprietors'  Records — Something  Concerning  the  Earliest  Settlers  —  Early  Bound- 
aries— What  Paul  Coffin  Writes  of  the  People  — Other  Settlers,  Etc. 

SITUATED  between  the  hills  of  Oxford  and  the  rolling  lands  of  Kennebec, 
Livermore  partakes  of  the  characteristics  of  both.  It  has  high  hills, 
Hamlin's  (or  Mount  Sier),  Fuller's,  and  Waters'  or  Lovewell's,  from 
which  extensive  and  beautiful  views  are  obtained,  and,  without  being  rough,  is 
picturesque.  It  was  at  first  heavily  wooded  with  pine,  hemlock, -maple,  beech, 
birch,  and  oak.  The  original  growth  has  been  cut  off;  but  the  area  of  second 
growth  is  increasing.  There  are  many  noble  elms.  While  in  portions  the  land 
is  rocky,  there  are  sections  quite  free  from  stones,  and  the  soil  is  a  sandy 
loam,  as  in  the  valley  of  the  Androscoggin  and  near  the  village.  The  river  is 
broken  by  falls  or  rapids  in  three  places,  near  the  line  of  Jay,  at  Roccomeka, 
and  at  the  Rips  in  "Tollawalla."  It  has  several  fertile  and  beautiful  islands. 
At  Strickland's  ferry  is  a  view  of  surpassing  beauty.  The  soil  is  generally 
strong  and  productive,  and  there  is  scarce!}''  an  acre  of  waste  land.  Requiring 
more  labor  than  the  valleys  of  Kennebec  and  Penobscot,  it  yields  equal  returns. 
Apples  and  dairy  products  aie  the  more  noticeable  sources  of  income,  while 
other  crops  average  with  other  towns.  There  are  four  ponds:  Round  and 
Long  in  the  northerly  part,  separated  by  a  few  rods  only;  Bartlett's,  near  the 
centre,  and  Brettun's  in  the  southwest  part.  There  are  several  streams;  two 
furnish  a  fair  supply  of  water  in  ordinary  seasons  for  grist  and  saw  mills, 
and  (in  their  day)  furnished  it  for  carding  and  clothing  mills.  There  are 
excellent  powers  on  the  Androscoggin  river,  one  at  Livermore  Falls,  and 
another  a  short  distance  above.  Livermore  is  20  miles  north  of  Lewiston,  25 
west  of  Augusta,  and  for  some  time  after  its  settlement  bore  the  name 
Port  Royal,  and,  for  a  brief  space,  Liverton.  Livermore  is  surrounded: 
east  by  East  Livermore  and  Leeds,  south  by  Leeds  and  Turner,  west  and 
north  by  Oxford  and  Franklin  counties.  At  incorporation,  February  28,1798, 
there  was  about  400  population;  in  1800  there  was  863;  in  1810,  1,560;  in 
1820,  2,174;  in  1830,  2,445;  in  1840,  2,745.  For  population  and  valuation  since, 
see  page  18. 

Among  the  petitions  for  lands  in  compensation  for  services  in  the   French 
and  Indian  wars,  made  to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  was  one  from 


Town  of  Livermore.  843 


Nathaniel  Harris  and  others.  To  these  petitioners  was  granted  township  No.  2, 
"on  the  east  side  and  next  adjoining  Connecticut  River,"  for  services  in 
reducing  Port  Royal.  The  proprietors  held  their  first  meeting  at  the  house  of 
Isaac  Baldwin,  innholder  in  Weston,  January  28,  1737.     They  were:  — 

Nathaniel  Barris,  Esq.,  Capt.  Samuel  Googen,  Capt.  Benj.  Flagg,  Capt.  Ebenezer 
Woodward.  Capt.  Ebenezer  Learuard,  Capt.  John  Hazzeltine,  Thomas  Gibbs,  Jonas  Ward, 
Ebenezer  Whipple,  Ensign  Thomas  Harrington,  Lieut.  Samuel  Lyou,  William  Cheaney, 
James  Colburn,  Ebenezer  Lyon,  Dea.  Thomas  Marshall,  Lt  Jerijah  Wales,  John  Sawin, 
Ephraim  Sautle  (Sawtelle),  Isaac  Parker,  Jonathan  Gates,  John  Stearns,  Jonathan  Wel- 
lington, Nath'l  Davis,  Eliphalet  Lyon,  Wd.  Hannah  Babcock,  Josiah  Sautle,  Nath'l 
Whitmore,  Ebenezer  Hartshorn,  John  Harwood,  Rev.  John  Whiting,  Daniel  Googen,  Esq., 
Rev.  Warham  Williams,  Thomas  Marshall,  Ebenezer  Hubbard,  William  Chubb,  John 
Maddock,  Ensign  Joseph  Fuller.  Samuel  Smith,  Peter  Lyon,  Benjamin  Munroe,  Jona.  Ball, 
Nath'l  Dike,  Bemus  Woodward,  Dea.  Ebenezer  Goodhue,  Benjamin  Wood,  William  Robin- 
son, Benjamin  Corey,  John  Cager,  Nathan  Whipple,  Israel  Reese,  Peter  Hunt,  John  Ramsey, 
Benjamin  Chadwick,  David  Knap,  Benjamin  Aldridge,  William  Puffer. 

Previous  to  1779,  a  large  number  of  rights  or  shai-es  came  to  Deacon  Elijah 
Livermore  by  purchase  at  tax  sales  and  from  individual  proprietors.  1743, 
November  1,  a  proprietors'  meeting  was  adjourned  to  May,  1744,  on  account  of 
the  "rumor  of  war  with  France,  and  the  winter  season  approaching."  1750, 
September  26,  a  meeting  was  held.  1770,  May  23,  the  question  was  put  "to 
know  the  minds  of  the  proprietors  if  they  would  pursue  their  claim  on  the 
equity  of  Port  Royal,  and  carried,"  and  Major  Livermore,  Dr  Leonard  Williams, 
and  George  Babcock  were  chosen  to  petition  the  General  Court  to  obtain 
another  grant,  as  the  old  one  had  "fell  into  New  Hampshire."  1771,  June 
11,  "to  the  original  grantees,  their  assigns  or  legal  representatives,  their 
heirs  and  assigns,"  was  granted  "a  township  of  the  contents  of  six  and  three- 
quarter  square  miles  in  some  of  the  unappropriated  lands  in  the  Province  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  to  the  eastward  of  Saco  river  and  adjoining  some  former 
grant,  on  the  condition  that  the  proprietors  settle  60  families  in  said  town  in 
seven  years,  build  a  house  for  the  public  worship  of  God,  settle  a  learned 
Protestant  minister,  and  lay  out  one  sixty-fourth  part  for  the  first  settled 
minister,  one  sixty -fourth  part  for  the  ministry,  one  sixty-fourth  part  for  the  use 
of  schools,  and  one  sixty-fourth  part  for  the  use  of  Harvard  College." 

1771,  August  9,  Samuel  Livermore  and  Leonard  Williams,  for  the  proprie- 
tors, directed  Elijah  Livermore  and  Elisha  Harrington  to  explore  the  countrj^ 
and  select  the  location  ;  they  "  to  take  a  boat  and  pilot  at  Brunswick  Falls  and 
proceed  up  the  river  as  far  as  Rocky-Mico."  The  grant  was  located  adjoining 
Sylvester  (Turner),  on  both  sides  of  the  Androscoggin,  and  at  first  contained 
30,220  acres.  1772,  June  17,  at  the  house  of  Samuel  Livermore  in  Waltham, 
Lieut  Elijah  Livermore,  Capt.  Ebenezer  Learned,  and  Mr  Richard  Woodward 
were  chosen  to  run  out  the  lines  around  the  township  and  divide  the  interval 


844  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


on  the  west  side  of  the  river  into  61  shares,  and  lay  out  61  100-acre  lots.  They 
took  Ebenezer  Waters  as  surveyor  and  Thomas  Fish  with  them,  and  laid  out 
lots  in  September  and  October,  and  made  their  report  November  11.  They 
did  not  divide  the  interval,  as  it  was  not  extensive  enough.  They  had  run  out 
the  boundaries  and  laid  out  60  lots,  and  reported  "not  enough  land  to  fill  the 
grant,"  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  petition  for  a  further  grant.  The 
proprietors  then  voted  to  open  a  horse-way  to  Sylvester  town  and  a  cart-way 
to  Pondtown  (Winthrop).  1773,  February  21,  voted  to  make  the  former  a 
cart-way,  and  Elijah  Livermore,  Ebenezer  Learned,  and  Thomas  Fish  were 
appointed  to  have  the  above  roads  cleared  by  the  last  of  October.  November  3 
Samuel  Livermore  was  reported  dead,  and  that  Nathaniel  Livermore  had 
resigned  his  membership.  Leonard  Williams,  Esq.,  Deacon  (Lieut)  Elijah 
Livermore,  and  Mr  Elisha  Harrington  were  chosen  to  "  manage  the  prudentials 
of  said  proprietary."  The  accounts  of  Deacon  Livermore,  .£40  10s.  lid.,  and 
Thomas  Fish,  £S1  2s.  7d.,  for  clearing  roads,  were  allowed.  Thomas  Fish  was 
appointed  to  prosecute  trespassers,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  lay  out 
the  lemainder  of  the  town.  1774.  June  29,  Leonard  Williams,  Elijah  Liver- 
more, and  Elisha  Harrington  were  made  a  committee  to  erect  a  saw  and  grist 
mill.  On  account  of  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  no 
meeting  was  held  from  1774  until  1779. 

In  1779  Deacon  Livermore  and  Major  Thomas  Fish  came  as  residents, 
and  were  soon  joined  by  Josiah  Wyer,  Elisha  Smith,  and  Mrs  Carver.  For  the 
first  year  apprehension  was  felt  of  attacks  from  the  Indians,  but  these  soon 
became  friends.  Major  Fish  ^  was  the  representative  of  one  of  the  grantees  of 
Township  No.  2  on  the  Connecticut.  1782,  June  19,  the  mill  lot,  the  island 
near  it,  and  X60  were  granted  to  build  a  mill  on  the  brook  leading  from  Liver- 
more (Long)  and  Stinchfield  (Round)  ponds,  and  Elijah  Livermore  agreed  to 
build  it.  1793,  September  4,  voted  to  build  a  meeting-house  50x40  feet  on  the 
east  end  of  lot  36,  first  division,  and  £50  granted  therefor;  also  to  lay  out  a 
road  from  Turner  to  Phipps  Canada  from  Deacon  True's  over  Lowell's  hill  and 
between  the  ponds  to  the  north  line.  (The  proprietors'  records  continue  until 
June  20,  1799.) 

^  Major  Thomas  Fish,  an  officer  of  the.  Revolution,  a  gallant  soldier,  and  a  holder  of  an  original 
right,  came  with  Deacon  Livermore  in  1779,  settling  at  Fish  Meadow.  His  wife,  Naomi  Mixer,  died 
while  he  was  arranging  to  bring  her  here.  He  later  became  quite  friendly  with  AVinthrop  people  and 
was  engaged  to  be  married  to  one  of  the  bright  young  women  of  that  town,  Betsey  Marrow.  The  only 
road  to  Winthrop  was  a  blind  track  of  spotted  trees  winding  through  the  dense  forest.  January  3, 1782, 
he  started  from  Winthrop  late  in  the  afternoon  with  two  large  rolls  of  leather.  The  snow  was  two  feet 
deep  and  the  weather  cold;  a  heavy  storm  set  in  and  he  never  reached  Iiis  destination,  perishing 
near  a  large  elm  on  the  interval  below  Deacon  Liverinore's  house.  He  was  an  accomplished  surveyor, 
an  ingenious  man,  who  could  do  anything  demanded  in  the  new  country,  and  was  a  great  loss  to  the 
settlement.  His  journal  while  ea  route  to  Livermore  and  surveyor's  minutes  are  given  in  full  in 
"  Notes  on  Livermore." 


Town  of  Livermore.  845 


The  Ustahlished  Seftlei-s  in  1789  were  Deacon  Elijah  Livermore,  William 
Carver,  Elisha  Smith,  Samuel  Benjamin,  John  Walker,  Josiah  Wyer,  James 
Delano,  Reuben  Wing,  John  Monk,  Otis  Robinson,  Cutting  Clark,  E.  Fisher, 

Pelatiah  Gibbs,  Daniel    Holman,  Henry    Grevy,  Nathaniel    Dailey,  and 

Randall.  Deacon  Elijah  Livermo7'e  was  son  of  Samuel  Livermore,  and  was 
born  at  Waltham,  Mass.,  in  March,  1730.  He  inherited  his  father's  home- 
stead; was  a  lieutenant  in  the  militia,  and  was  deacon  of  the  Congregationalist 
church  in  Waltham.  He  removed  to  Livermore  in  1779,  where  he  died, 
August  5,  1808.  He  was  the  first  representative,  unanimously  elected  May  9, 
1779,  and  tradition  saj^s  he  made  the  journey  to  Boston  on  horseback,  wearing 
a  cocked  hat,  ruffled  shirt,  and  knee  breeches.  He  possessed  great  strength  of 
character,  and  was  an  able  counselor.  He  happily  combined  good  sense, 
integrity,  and  kindness  with  a  most  genial  humor,  and  when  he  died  he  was 
mourned  by  the  whole  settlement  as  a  personal  friend.  His  children  were: 
Ahiijail,  married  Rev.  Elisha  Williams,  the  first  schoolmaster.  William,  traded 
in  Jay  and  Hallo  well  and  was  a  major  in  militia.  Hannah;  Isaac,  born  1768, 
died  1820,  after  being  in  trade  in  Hallowell,  settled  here  as  a  farmer;  was 
justice  of  the  peace.  /Sarah,  m.  Robert  Pierpont,  of  Roxbury.  He  lived  on 
the  old  Livermore  farm,  and  died  December  9,  1811.  Their  children  were: 
Hannah;  Robert,  a  resident  of  Livermore;  George  W.,  a  resident  of  Livermore 
Falls;  Elijah;  Charles  Henry;  John  M.  Anna,  born  April  (3,  1775,  married, 
December  14,  1797,  Dr  Cyrus  Hamlin.  Samuel,  born  April  6,  1778,  married 
Lura,  daughter  of  Thomas  Chase.  He  died  November  26,  1823.  He  several 
times  represented  the  town  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature.  His  children 
were  Betsey,  Emery,  Lura  (married  Levi  B.  Young,  of  Livermore).  Amos 
Livermore  came  from  Waltham  in  1795,  located  on  the  Spencer  Goding  farm. 
William,  James,  Amos,  and  Nathan  Carver  came  with  their  mother  from  Dux- 
bury.  William  settled  in  1780  on  the  lot  afterwards  occupied  by  George,  a  son 
of  John  Gibbs.  Josiah  Wyer,  the  third  settler,  was  born  in  Watertown  in 
1749  and  moved  to  Livermore  in  1779,  married  Rebecca  Brackett,  of  Falmouth, 
in  1782,  died  July  7,  1827.  He  was  a  sergeant  in  the  Revolution,  and  in  the 
battle  at  Bunker  Hill.  Mr  Wyer  resided  on  the  road  leading  towards  North 
Turner  bridge  from  the  old  Methodist  meeting-house.  His  children  were : 
Naney,  born  October  1,  1786  (she  was  the  first  female  child  born  in  the 
town);  Isaac:  William,  married  Luc}'  Baker,  was  a  soldier  of  1812,  and  his 
son,  Otis,  was  a  soldier  of  the  Rebellion;  Betsey;  Sally ;  Nathaniel;  Rehekali; 
George ;    Charles. 

Lient  Samnel  Benjamin,  the  fourth  settler,  was  an  able  man  who  received 
half-pay  during  life  by  special  act  of  Congress  for  distinguished  and  long- 
continued  service  in  the  Revolution,  married  Tabitha  Livermore  in  Waltham, 
January  16,  1782,  and  October  10,  1782,  purchased  of  Deacon  Livermore  120 
acres  west  of  Long  pond  for  .£30,  and  made  his  home  in  the  log  cabin  built  by 


846  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Major  Thomas  Fish  at  Fish  Meadow.  In  1796  he  bought  the  "Gibbs  Mills" 
property,  in  1797  and  1799  lot  11.  He  established  "Benjamin's  Ferry,"  was 
frequently  in  town  office,  selectman  from  1801  to  1805,  and  a  valuable  settler. 
He  died  April  14, 1824,  and  his  widow  died,  aged  80,  June  20, 1837.  Children  : 
Billi/,  who  became  colonel  of  militia,  m.  Phebe  Wellington,  and  lived  on  the 
interval.  Samuel.  Nathaniel.  Betsey.,  married  Samuel  Morison.  Polly.,  m. 
Samuel  Ames.  Martha.,  m.  Israel  Washburn,  March  30,  1812;  died  May  6, 
1861.  David.,  m.  Catherine  Stanwood,  and  resided  on  the  "old  Benjamin  farm," 
and  lived  nearly  fourscore  and  ten  j^ears.  Hon.  D.  W.  Benjamin,  of  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  is  their  son.  Charles.,  was  a  cabinet  maker  on  the  interval. 
Elisha.  B,uth,m.  Jonathan  Lovejoy;  their  son,  Samuel  B.  M.  Lovejoy,  was  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Civil  War.  Major  Joseph  Mills,  half-brother  of  Lieutenant 
Benjamin,  came  in  a  few  years,  and  cleared  the  Capt.  Samuel  Atwood  farm. 
Elisha  Smith  came  from  Martha's  Vineyard  about  1780,  and  purchased  and 
lived  on  the  lot  afterwards  owned  by  Rev.  Thomas  Wyman.  lieuhen  Wing, 
born  1771,  was,  says  the  Family  Genealogy,  6th  generation  from  John  Wing, 
of  Sandwich,  Mass.,  who  came  from  England  in  1632,  and  son  of  Samuel 
and  Hannah  (Sears)  Wing,  who  moved  from  Harwich,  Mass.,  to  Readfield, 
Me,  in  1776.  He  came  to  Livermore  before  1789;  m.  (1)  Hannah,  daughter 
of  Elisha  Smith;  (2)  Lucy  Weld.  He  died  in  1862  on  the  farm  he  had 
occupied  over  65  years.  He  is  said  to  have  acquired  an  extensive  information, 
especially  of  the  Bible  and  religion,  and  was  a  faithful  member  of  the  Baptist 
church.  Of  his  sons  only  Walter  W.  and  Lewis  M.  attained  maturity.  Walter 
W.  m.  Lucy  A.  Wyman.  They  have  two  sons:  Charles  E.  and  George  C. 
Csee  pages  332  and  333). 

Daniel  Holman,  son  of  Solomon  Holman,  Jr,  and  brotlier  of  Col  Jonathan 
Holman,  of  the  Revolution,  was  a  corporal  in  the  Revolution,  and  one  of  the 
minute-men  who  marched  to  Concord,  April  19,  1775.  Before  1789,  he  emi- 
grated from  Worcester  county,  and  settled  on  and  developed  the  Holman  farm 
about  a  mile  from  North  Livermore.  His  son,  Abner,  who  afterwards  occupied 
the  farm,  was  a  fifer  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  a  builder,  and  many  buildings 
of  his  construction  still  stand  in  this  region.  John  H.  and  Otis  H.,  sons  of 
Abner,  were  architects.  Jolm  H.  Holman  studied  architecture  and  was  at 
St  Louis  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion,  where  he  was  among  the  first 
to  take  sides  for  the  Union.  He  raised  two  companies  of  sharp-shooters  for 
the  26th  Missouri.  He  was  a  brave  soldier,  winning  rapid  promotion,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  commanded  a  brigade.  He  was  later  military  governor  of 
Eastern  North  Carolina,  and  afterwards  superintended  the  construction  of 
United  States  buildings  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts.  He  died  June  26, 
1883.  His  two  sons,  Minard  L.  and  John  O.,  residents  of  St  Louis,  are  promi- 
nent as  civil  engineers.  Otis  H.  Holman  settled  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and 
became  noted  as  an  engineer.  He  enlisted  in  the  158th  Regiment,  N.  Y.V.,  and 
died  January  25,  1864,  of  disease  contracted  in  service. 


Town  of  Livermore.  847 


Beacon  Elijah  Fisher  was  born  June  17,  1758,  in  Norton,  Mass.  He 
married  Jerusha  Keene,  of  Taunton.  He  was  in  Livermore  in  1789,  and  settled 
on  a  farm  south  of  the  Strickland  farm.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution, 
and  was  a  member  of  "Washington's  Life  Guard,"  under  Capt.  Caleb  Gibbs. 
On  his  17th  birthday  he  was  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  remained  in  the 
service  for  nearl}^  six  years.  He  received  a  pension  for  many  years.  He  died 
in  January,  1842.  He  was  a  sincere  and  devoted  Baptist.  Otis  Robinson  was 
the  first  blacksmitli,  owned  mills,  subsequently  became  a  Baptist  minister  and 
left  the  town.  'James,  Jahez,  Zehedee,  and  Ehenezer  Delano,  brothers,  were  here 
early.  Zebedee  located  on  the  "Thomas  Chase"  farm;  James  on  the  farm 
owned  by  David  Ivich  in  1874,  his  sons,  Calvin,  Abel,  and  Leonard,  settled  in 
town ;  Ebenezer  lived  in  the  west  part ;  Jabez  settled  on  the  east  side  of  the 
river,  and  later  on  the  "Meadow  lot."  Johi  Walker  was  in  the  expedition  to 
Quebec  in  1775.  His  sons  were  Col  Dexter,  Elijah,  Levi,  and  Rufus.  Cuffin// 
Clarke,  from  Waltham,  came  soon  after  the  settlement.  He  lived  on  Fuller's 
hill.  He  was  a  famous  hunter,  and  attained  a  great  age.  Daniel  Dailey  and 
sons,  Nathaniel  and  Nezer,  were  early  settlers.  Daniel  and  Nathaniel  settled 
on  farms  on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  Nezer  settled  on  the  west  side,  below 
the  falls,  and  later  occupied  a  farm  above  North  Turner  bridge.  He  had  a 
son,  Warren.  Deacon  Pelatiah  Gibbs'  came  from  Milford,  Mass.,  and  cleared 
the  farm  where  Ebenezer  Hinds  subsequently  lived.  His  sons,  Capt.  Jacob, 
John,  and  Frank  Gibbs,  were  valuable  citizens.  Henry  Crrevy,  a  Hessian  who 
had  served  in  the  British  army  in  the  Revolution,  settled  on  a  farm  east  of  Lt 
Benjamin's,  and  passed  tiie  residue  of  his  life  there. 

From  1789  to  1795,  when  the  town  was  incorporated,  the  settlement 
increased  rapidly  by  intelligent  and  valuable  settlers.     Among  them  were: 

Gen.  David  Learned.  He  came  from  Oxford,  Mass.,  before  1790.  He  was 
a  son  of  Gen.  Ebenezer  Learned,  a  Revolutionary  officer,  and  one  of  the 
original  proprietors  of  Port  Royal.  He  became  a  prominent  citizen,  had  the 
first  store  in  town,  which  was  immediately  south  of  the  Norlands  church,  and 
near  where  Capt.  Otis  Pray  afterwards  lived.  Gen.  David  Learned  was  much 
interested  in  incorporating  a  new  county,  and  he  was  enabled  to  have  the 
name  Oxford  given  it,  after  his  native  town.  He  was  appointed  the  first 
sheriff  of  Oxford  county,  but  retained  his  residence  in  Livermore.  His  house, 
which  was  built  about  a  century  ago,  stood  at  the  crossing  of  the  roads  near 
the  Library.  He  was  an  early  selectman  and  representative  to  Massachusetts 
General  Court.  He  died  in  1811,  aged  44.  His  widow,  Mary  (Hurd)  Learned, 
died  January  14,  1863,  in  her  95th  year.  Their  children  were :  Maria  who 
married  Publius  R.  R.  Pray,  who  came  about  1810.  He  afterwards  studied 
law  in  New  York,  and  settled  in  Pearlington,  Miss.,  where  he  became  an 
eminent  jurist.  He  was  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals,  and  published  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  state  in  1836.      He  died 


848  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

January  11, 1840.  Samuel  went  South;  Charles  D.  was  a  lawyer  in  Mississippi. 
Eliza  died  in  Livermore,  June  17,  1870.  Mrs  Learned's  brother  (William 
Hurd)  made  a  farm  and  built  a  house  at  the  head  of  Bartlett's  pond. 

Henry  Bond  came  in  June,  1790,  to  occupy  the  land  and  attend  to  the 
half-interest  in  the  first  saw  and  grist  mills,  built  by  Deacon  Livermore,  which 
he  had  bought.  His  father  was  Col  William  Bond,  of  Watertown,  a  com- 
mander in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  who  died  in  1776.  Henry  Bond  became 
deacon  of  the  first  church  here,  was  the  second  teacher,  and  the  first  school- 
house  was  built  but  a  short  distance  north  of  his  mills.  He  died  in  March, 
1796.  His  widow  married  Zebedee  Rose.  His  son,  i7f>(ry,  born  in  Watertown, 
1790,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1813,  became  a  physician  first  in  Concord, 
N.  H.,  later  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  became  distinguished,  and  died  in  1859. 
He  was  author  of  an  exhaustive  historical  and  genealogical  work  on  the 
families  of  Watertown,  Mass. 

Sylvester  Norton  came  from  Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.,  in  1789,  with  sons. 
Ransom,  James,  and  Zebulon.  Ransom  Norton  lived  at  North  Livermore, 
was  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church,  and  then  clergyman.  He  died  October 
25,  1834,  aged  72.  His  sons,  Jones,  Jethro,  and  Charles,  lived  in  the  north  part 
of  the  town.  Jones  and  Jethro  moved  to  Massachusetts.  Eugene  L.,  son  of 
Jethro,  was  mayor  of  Charlestown,  and  served  in  the  state  senate.  John, 
brother  of  Eugene,  was  a  colonel  in  the  Civil  War.  James  Norton  settled  in 
the  west  part;  he  died  in  1841.  His  sons  were  Moses,  Ira,  Tristram,  and 
James.  Zehulon  lived  between  North  Livermore  and  the  Falls,  and  died  in 
October,  1865,  aged  85.  He  married  (1st)  Hannah,  daughter  of  Deacon  Pelatiah 
Gibbs;  (2d)  Mary  Merritt.  Of  his  sons,  these  were  living  in  1874:  Sylvester; 
David;  Herman;  Seirall.  The  family  is  prominently  represented  in  town  by 
Sewall  M.  Norton,  one  of  the  leading  agriculturists.  Jonathan  Crodiny,  of 
Waltham,  came  in  1790,  had  a  farm  in  the  north  part,  and  became  a  fine 
orchardist.  Children :  Peter,  lived  in  Jay,  Jonas  and  Spencer,  farmers  in 
Livermore,  Hannali  and  Boijamin  M.  Thomas  Chase,  of  Martha's  Vineyard, 
with  wife.  Desire  Luce,  came  in  1790.  He  served  under  Paul  Jones  in  early 
life,  and  his  intelligence  and  integrity  made  his  recital  of  his  adventures  very 
interesting.  His  sons  were:  Thomas,  Jr,  who  became  a  prominent  man  in 
town;  his  son,  Thomas,  3d,  was  a  lawyer  and  father  of  Mrs  Elizabeth  Akers 
Allen,  the  celebrated  poetess  (Florence  Percy).  Lathrop,  a  physician;  James. 
Capt.  Tristram  Chase,  his  brother,  settled  on  the  westerl}^  side  of  Long  pond. 
He  was  a  shipmaster.  His  son,  Charles,  was  a  trader  in  Dixfield.  Another 
brother.  Deacon  Sarson  Chase,  was  an  early  shoe-maker;  his  farm  was  on  the 
northerly  slope  of  Lovewell's  hill.  Children:  Jane,  Mayhew, Sarson, and  Mary. 
Ahial,  John,  and  Ephraim  Turner,  of  Scituate,  were  early  comers  here.  Samuel 
Sawin,  of  Watertown,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  located  here  about  1788.  He 
was  a  fine  orchardist.     His  brother,  Abijah,  settled  near  him.     Samuel  Hillman 


Town  of  Livermore.  849 


came  in  1788.  He  was  one  of  the  "four  partners,"  so  called,  Sylvanus  Board- 
man,  Ransom  and  James  Norton  being  the  others.  He  married  Jane,  sister  of 
Ransom  and  James  Norton,  and  became  a  Methodist  preacher.  He  died  in 
Monmouth,  aged  80.  His  brother,  Moseft,  settled  on  the  interval,  in  1817, 
where  he  died  December  17,1823.  Tristram  Hillmari^ Esq.,iov  whom  Hillman's 
Ferry  was  named,  was  his  son.  Isaac  Loveivell  came  from  Weston,  Mass., 
before  1790.  He  purchased  the  large  farm  on  the  northerly  side  of  the  hill 
known  as  Lovewell's  (or  Waters's)  hill,  and  had  one  of  the  largest  orchards  in 
town.  He  amassed  a  very  considerable  property  by  farming,  loaning  money, 
and  "putting  out"  neat  stock  and  sheep  to  "double  in  four  years."  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church  and  one  of  its  most  liberal  benefactors,  con- 
tributing generously  to  its  support  while  living,  and  leaving  it  a  handsome 
bequest. 

The  Monroe  Brothers,  Abijah,  John,  and  Abel,  emigrated  to  Livermore 
from  Lincoln,  Mass.,  about  1790.  Ahijali  Monroe  kept  the  first  inn,  near 
Sanders  Corner;  the  report  of  its  excellent  fare  spread  far  and  wide,  and 
travelers  would  do  their  best  to  reach  Monroe's  before  night.  Rev.  Paul  Coffin 
often  stopped  with  him.  The  first  lawyers  had  their  offices  in  this  house;  and 
here  the  people  met  to  exchange  news  and  talk  over  the  world's  happenings. 
He  died  in  1823.  John  Monroe  became  a  farmer  and  died  aged  92.  Children: 
John,  a  successful  school  teacher,  represented  the  town  in  the  legislature,  and 
resided  here  until  his  death,  Allen,  Abijah,  Luda.  Ahrl  3Ionroe,  born  in 
Lincoln,  Mass.,  May  14,  1769,  died  June  24,  1861.  He  was  an  intelligent 
man,  quick  at  repartee,  and  enjoyed  theological  discussions.  He  married  (1st) 
Martha  Bixby,  of  Keene,  N.  H.  Of  his  children,  Ifon.  Joseph  S.  Monroe  (dec.) 
was  senator  and  judge  of  probate  for  Piscataquis  county;  Patty,  m.  Maj.  Isaac 
Strickland;  Julia  m.  Elias  T.  Aldrich;  Greorge  3Ionroe,  son  of  Abel  and 
Salome  P.  Monroe  (his  second  wife,  born  in  Livermore,  December  15,  1800; 
died  April  20,  1876),  was  born  in  Livermore,  January  15,  1835.  He  married 
Fannie,  daughter  of  William  and  Ruth  A.  Bray,  of  North  Turner,  and  a 
descendant  of  "Parson  Strickland,"  the  first  minister  in  Turner.  Her  grand- 
father. Major  Isaac  Strickland,  was  well  known  as  a  public-spirited  man.  He 
accumulated  a  large  property,  and  died  March  4,  1886,  aged  89  years.  Mr 
Monroe  is  a  carriage  manufacturer  and  a  blacksmith,  and  makes  a  specialty  of 
horse-shoeing.  In  1859  he  went  to  California  and  remained  15  years,  engaged 
in  mining  and  blacksmithing.  During  this  time  he  visited  his  old  home  five 
times.  In  1886  he  was  tax  collector  and  constable.  He  is  a  Republican 
politically,  and  a  Universalist. 

Thomas  Coolidge  came  from  Cambridge  in  1790,  settled  in  the  west  part, 
developed  a  large  farm  with  an  excellent  orchard  to  a  high  state  of  cultivation, 
married  Lucy  Wyeth,  and  died  in  1834,  aged  80.  His  widow  died  in  1850, 
aged  nearly  97.      Among  their  children  were  Daniel,  a  successful  and  wealthy 


850  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

farmer,  and  a  captain  of  cavalry,  UUsha,  who  accumulated  wealth  as  a  trader 
at  Solon.  Thomas,  who  was  a  successful  fruit  grower,  and  resided  near  the 
Norlands,  ra.  Phebe  Paul.  Children:  William,  lives  at  Canton,  aged  87, 
Rhoda,  Joel,  George,  Edmund,  Albion,  Augustus  W.  Augustus  W.  Coolidge 
went  to  Boston  when  18,  and  acquired  a  practical  knowledge  of  business. 
]\eturning  to  North  Livermore,  he  clerked  for  his  brother,  William  (who  had 
traded  here  a  long  time),  and  September  1,  1854,  commenced  business  for 
himself,  and  was  in  trade  until  his  death,  August  28,  1889.  He  was  a  large 
man  of  good  presence,  a  Free  Mason,  and  Baptist  in  religious  inclinations.  He 
married  Julia  E.  Norton.  Children:  John  F.  (died  September  10,  1883;  his 
widow,  Hattie  L.,  is  in  trade  and  postmistress).  Myra  N.  m.  Ezra  D.  Thomp- 
son (son  of  J.  D.),  who  died  June  12,  1889.  Mrs  Julia  E.  Coolidge  and 
daughter  make  their  home  at  North  Livermore.  Joseph  Ooolidge  brought  his 
family  from  Waltham  in  June,  1790.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and 
located  in  Jay,  near  the  north  line  of  Livermore.  William  Coolidr/e,  also  of 
Waltham,  m.  in  1799  Mary,  daughter  of  Major  Jonathan  Hale,  of  Sutton, 
came  to  Livermore,  and  for  the  nine  years  he  was  a  resident  was  of  great 
importance;  was  captain  of  militia,  a  school  teacher,  and  a  man  of  influence. 

Eheiiezer  Pitts,  born  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  in  1757,  moved  to  Livermore  from 
Ward,  Mass.,  in  1791,  and  located  upon  and  occupied  until  his  death  in  April, 
1831,  a  farm  near  the  Corner,  the  one  subsequently  occupied  by  his  grandson, 
Ebenezer  Pitts.  His  wife  was  Mary  Ellis,  of  Raynham.  He  was  a  good 
citizen.  Children:  Philij) ;  Anna,  m.  James  Chase;  Prudence,  m.  David 
Reed,  settled  in  Livermore.  Lieut  Elijah  Wellinfiton,  from  Lincoln,  Mass., 
early  located  on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  Children  :  Elijah,  Nathan,  Elbridge, 
and  Phebe. 

Hastin(/s  Strirklancl,  born  in  Nottingham,  N.  XL,  came  in  1795,  was  son 
of  Rev.  John  Strickland.  He  married  Sally,  daughter  of  Rev.  Samuel  Perley. 
He  had  a  large  farm  and  an  extensive  orchard  south  of  Monroe's  tavern.  Mr 
Strickland  died,  aged  61,  in  1829.  Children:  John,  was  a  successful  farmer, 
and  frequently  a  town  officer;  Isaac,  was  a  wealthy  and  prominent  man;  was 
major  of  cavalry,  and  state  senator.  He  died  in  1886;  Samuel  P.,  wsls  a  major- 
general  of  militia,  a  member  of  the  executive  council,  and  of  both  branches  of 
the  legislature;  Hastings,  was  major  of  cavalry,  sheriff  of  Penobscot  county, 
member  of  the  executive  council,  and  a  representative  from  Bangor;  Lee,  was 
born  July  14,  1806,  and  died  September  23,  1873.  He  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  at  North  Turner  Bridge,  then  at  Brettun's  Mills.  As  a 
Democrat  he  was  early  a  state  senator,  in  1853  sheriff  of  Oxford  county,  and 
in  1856,  as  a  i^epublican,  sheriff  of  Androscoggin  county.  In  1864  and  1867 
he  was  chosen  county  commissioner.  He  was  prominent  in  the  early  militia 
and  was  at  first  captain  of  cavalry,  and  later  colonel.  In  1861  he  raised  a 
company,  assigned  to  the  Eighth  Maine,  was  its  captain,  and  soon  commissioned 


Town  of  Livermore.  851 


colonel.  He  was  a  Universalist  and  a  Free  Mason,  and  few  men  were  more 
widely  known  or  more  highly  respected.  He  was  prominent  in  promoting  the 
Androscoggin  Railroad.  His  son,  Augustus,  lived  in  Livermore.  Crcoruc  Byron 
Strii'Mand.,  a  descendant  of  Rev.  John  Strickland  and  of  one  of  the  early 
families  in  Livermore,  is  a  native  of  the  town.  His  parents  were  Capt.  John 
and  Julia  A.  (Sawin)  Strickland.  George  B.  is  a  Democrat,  though  not  a 
politician,  and  has  served  his  townsmen  as  clerk,  selectman,  and  member  of 
the  school  committee  for  several  years.     He  is  now  engaged  in  farming. 

February  28,  1795,  the  "  Plantation  called  Livermore  lying  on  both  sides  of 
the  Androscoggin  river  and  bounded  as  folio weth,  viz,  beginning  at  a  Hemlock 
tree  standing  in  the  North-east  corner  of  Turner  on  the  westerly  side  of  the 
Androscoggin  river  thence  running  North  ()0°  west  in  the  Northeasterly  line  of 
said  Turner  2  miles  210  Rods  to  a  Birch  tree  thence  North  4  miles  240  Rods  to 
a  Hemlock  tree  being  the  North-westerly  corner  of  said  Livermore  thence 
North  65°  East  3  miles  and  100  rods  to  Androscoggin  river  thence  East  across 
said  river  2  miles  260  rods  to  a  birch  tree  in  the  Northeast  corner  of  said  Liver- 
more thence  south  7  miles  250  rods  to  Androscoggin  Pond  thence  southerly  by 
said  pond  about  one  mile  and  an  half  to  an  Elm  Tree  standing  in  the  southerly 
line  of  said  Livermore  thence  West  in  said  southerly  line  about  2  miles  and 
190  rods  to  Androscoggin  River,  thence  Northerly  by  said  river  to  the  first 
mentioned  bound"  and  containing  30,220  acres,  was  incorporated  into  a  town 
called  Livermore. 

Rev.  Paul  CofQu,  the  faithful  missionary,  made  several  visits  and  records  thus  in  his 
journal  in  these  years:  1797.  Sept.  8.  Livermore.  Crossed  the  river  and  rode  seven  miles 
to  Dea.  Livermore's.  Rode  three  miles  to  Mr  Morse's  and  preached  from  Jerera.  7:22,  23. 
This  Morse  is  an  admirable  smith  for  shoeing  horses,  and  cured  a  lame  foot  of  my  horse. 
In  this  town  are  Messrs.  Williams  and  Robertson,  Baptistic  preachers,  and  Mr  Hillman,  a 
Methodist  one.  Sabbath.  Sept.  10.  Livermore.  Preached  at  the  house  of  Nath.  Perley, 
from  Matthew  1:21.,  and  Psalms  141:2.  This  Perley  is  son  of  Rev.  Perley  of  Gray,  and 
married  to  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Strickland  of  Turner.  A  sou  of  said  Strickland  has  married 
a  daughter  of  said  Perley.  Both  families  live  in  vicinity.  Was  treated  very  well  by  both, 
and  seemed  at  home.  Rev.  Strickland  kept  Sabbath  with  us.  Baptized  Isaac,  child  of 
Hastings  Strickland  and  Sally.  Jay  and  Livermore  have  about  100  families  each.  1798. 
Aug.  27.  Sat  out  for  Livermore  through  part  of  Hartford.  Aug.  29.  Called  at  Samuel 
Atwood's  in  Livermore  and  gave  instruction  and  Hemmeuway's  sermon.  Put  up  agreeably 
at  Dr  Hauiblin's  in  Livermore.  Aug.  30.  Livermore.  Dr.  Hamblin.  His  wife,  house  and 
situation  are  all  agreeable.  Visited  David  Learned's  family  and  being  unwell,  spent  the 
day  with  this  pleasant  and  serious  couple.  Gave  them  instruction  and  Hemmeaway's 
sermon.  She  is  quite  modest  and  obliging,  and  gave  me  a  successful  cordial  for  my  cholic. 
Preached  at  Dr  Hambliu's  from  2d  Timothy  3: 14,  1.5.  Gave  instruction,  and  a  Psalter  and 
primer  to  Daniel  Lovewell's  wife.  Invited  by  the  wife  of  Abijah  Munroe  to  put  up  with 
them  for  the  night.  He  had  just  sprung  his  net  on  six  dozen  pigeons,  and  took  them  all. 
To  take  a  whole  flock  is  a  common  thing  with  him.  This  is  near  my  friend  Morse,  the 
excellent  blacksmith,  near  Turner.  Aug.  31.  Livermore,  Friday.  Grasshoppers  were 
hurtful  here,  and  in  several  other  places  between  this  and  Windham.     This  town  has  about 


852  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


130  families,  two-thirds  grown  in  three  years;  much  divided,  having  many  Baptists,  and 
two  of  them  ministers,  and  one  Methodistical  preacher.  They  are  superstitious,  ignorant 
and  predestinarian.  Preached  at  Morse's  to  a  small  audience  from  Acts  17:30,  31. 
Eeturned  to  Munroe's  and  put  up  for  the  night.  He  and  his  wife  are  sensible  and  agreeable. 
Saturday.  Sept.  1.  There  were  in  this  place  six  pairs  of  twins  under  five  years.  The 
road  from  Rocomeco  through  Livermore  to  Turner  is  pretty  straight  about  fifteen  miles, 
and  makes  Livermore  look  much  better  to  me  than  it  did  last  year.  Went  to  Deacon 
Livermore's  and  put  up  at  that  good  house.  He  and  son  have  about  50  excellent  cattle, 
many  sheep  and  horses  and  an  orchard.  Their  house  is  large  and  high,  of  four  rooms  and 
two  chimneys.  They  have  four  barns  and  as  many  sheds.  From  the  Deacon's  to  Jay 
meeting  house  is  6  miles,  to  Sandy  river  17,  to  Portland  63,  to  Turner  15.  Sept.  2. 
Sabbath.  Livermore.  Preached  at  the  School-house  from  Luke  2:13,  14  and  Matthew 
5:23,  24.  Then  rode  to  Jay,  by  Squire  Richardson's  over  Noyes  ferry,  about  eight  miles. 
1800.  Sept.  9.  Hartford.  Livermore.  Rode  to  Dr.  Hambliu's  of  Livermore,  visiting  by 
the  way,  Messrs.  Ames,  Toland  and  Parker.  Spake  much  with  the  Doctor,  who  seemed  to 
suppose,  as  others  also  told  me,  that  he  had  lately  experienced  the  new  birth.  He  is  much 
of  a  predestinarian  Baptist.  He  said,  we  regular  clergy,  teach  people  to  do  their  best,  and 
then,  by  50  or  60  years  they  may  arise  to  a  ray  of  hope.  He  was  evidently  for  that  quick 
despatch  which  pleases  many,  and  perhaps  deceives  thousands.  Visited  Mr  Bartlet,  and 
Major  Learned.  Mrs  Learned  only,  was  at  home.  She  is,  in  person  and  behaviour  quite 
engaging,  attentive,  decent  and  industrious.  Her  husband  is  beginning  to  trade.  Has  sold 
this  summer  goods  to  the  amount  of  $500.  His  prospects  are  good.  Sept.  10.  Wednes- 
day. Livermore.  The  season  was  now  happy  and  the  grass  green.  Rode  to  my  friend, 
Jonathan  Morse,  the  excellent  blacksmith.  Preached  from  Acts  17:30,  31.  His  wife  was 
the  woman  killed  by  the  fall  of  his  brother's  house,  15th  Aug.  1799.  Put  up  with  Abijah 
Monroe  for  the  night.  Sept.  H.  Thursday.  Livermore.  Fayette.  Still  good  weather  for 
corn.  A  Mr  Bemis  of  Livermore  has  this  year  raised  200  bushels  of  rye  and  his  corn  is 
believed  to  be  500.     Dea.  Livejynore  had  a  most  thrifty  and  bearing  orchard. 

Nathaniel  Perley^  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Perley,  a  descendant  of  Allen  Perley, 
early  of  Ipswich,  settled  before  1797  near  Turner  line.  He  was  prominent  in 
affairs,  a  justice  for  many  years,  and  was  universally  known  as  Esquire  Perley. 
He  died  in  1844.  His  son,  Natlianiel,  succeeded  W.  H.  Brettun,  Jr,  as  a 
merchant  about  1852,  and  was  in  trade  until  after  the  Civil  War,  when  he 
removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  died.  Samuel F.  Perley,  son  of  Nathaniel,  Jr, 
succeeded  his  father  in  merchandising  and  was  in  trade  for  quite  a  number  of 
years.  He  married  Sarah  D.,  daughter  of  William  H.  Brettun,  Jr.  They  have 
one  child,  Bessie  B.  Mr  Perley  is  a  Democrat,  a  Universalist,  a  successful 
business  man,  and  has  been  in  town  office  nearly  20  years.  His  records  as 
clerk  are  models  of  clearness  and  legibility. 

Capt.  Simeon  Waters,  with  wife,  Betsey  (Marble)  Waters,  of  Sutton,  Mass., 
settled  in  Livermore,  March  16,  1802,  and  he  commenced  work  as  a  saddler. 
He  was  a  farmer,  also,  and  had  one  of  the  largest  and  best  farms,  situated 
on  the  southerly  side  of  Waters's  hill.  He  was  the  second  captain  of  the 
Livermore  company  of  cavalry;  represented  Livermore  in  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts  in  1806,  1808,  1809,  1810,  1812,  1814,  1815,  1816,  and  1818,  and 


Town  of  Livermore.  853 


served  often  as  a  town  officer.  He  died  March  27,  1866,  aged  nearly  95  years. 
Among  his  children  were  Olarendon, who  lived  on  the  old  farm  until  his  death; 
Brooksa,  Almira,  Cordelia,  Abigail,  Simeoyi,  and  Emeretta.  Clarendon  Waters 
was  prominent  in  the  Universalist  church,  a  Republican  in  politics,  a  partici- 
pant in  the  town  affairs,  selectman  of  Livermore,  and  a  good  and  practical 
citizen.     His  widow  survives  him. 

Deacon  Ira  Thompson,  who  married  Sophia  Drew,  of  Kingston,  Mass.,  was 
born  at  Middleboro'  in  1780.  [The  Thompsons  were  pioneer  settlers  of  that 
town,  prominent  in  the  militia,  and  in  the  administration  of  the  town  affairs. 
The  first  of  the  name  came  to  Plymouth  in  1635.  Capt.  Asa  Thompson  com- 
manded the  oldest  militia  company  in  Massachusetts.  Jacob  Thompson  was 
elected  town  clerk  of  Middleboro'  in  1706,  and  served  37  years;  and  for  more 
than  a  century  the  name  Thompson  appears  on  the  list  of  selectmen,  John 
Thompson  being  chairman  of  the  first  board  in  1674.  Editor.]  Mr  Thompson 
came  to  Livermore  in  1803,  and  by  energy  and  perseverance  developed  one  of 
the  finest  farms  in  the  section,  and  resided  here  until  his  death  in  1857.  He 
was  a  good  citizen,  and  for  over  30  years  a  deacon  of  the  First  Baptist  Church. 
His  sons  were:  Ira  D.,  a  farmer  in  Livermore;  Arad ;  Erastus ;  Job  D.,  who 
occupied  the  homestead,  and  Charles  0.  The  family  is  represented  in  town  by 
some  of  its  prosperous  farmers  and  respected  citizens. 

Israel  Washburn,  a  son  of  a  Revolutionary  soldier  (who  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  that  adopted  the  first  constitution  of  Massachusetts),  was  born 
in  Raynham,  Mass.,  November  18,  1784.  He  emigrated  to  Maine  in  1806; 
taught  school  at  first,  then  became  a  ship-builder  and  merchant  at  Richmond. 
In  1800  he  purchased  of  Artemas  Leonard  his  farm  and  store,  established 
himself  as  a  merchant,  and  made  his  home  at  the  "Norlands,"  until  his  death  in 
1876.  As  merchant,  magistrate,  town  officer,  and  representative  many  years, 
he  was  intimately  connected  with  the  town's  affairs.  A  man  of  rare  intel- 
ligence, affability,  and  great  conversational  powers,  with  a  retentive  memory, 
he  was  one  whom  it  was  both  an  honor  and  a  pleasure  to  know.  His  wife  was 
Martha,  daughter  of  Lieut  Samuel  Benjamin,  who  was  born  in  Livermore, 
October  4,  1792,  and  died  May  6,  1861.  She  possessed  a  strong  natural 
intellect,  great  energy  and  decision  of  character,  a  sweet  and  amiable  disposi- 
tion, a  heart  and  hand  ready  for  every  good  work,  and  an  unostentatious  piety. 
She  inculcated  in  her  children  all  that  was  most  noble  and  valuable  in  life. 
As  Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin  said:  "Rome  in  all  her  glory  never  produced  such 
a  mother  as  the  mother  of  the  Washburns."  Children:  Israel  (LL.D.),  born 
June  6,  1813,  died  May  15,  1883,  was  educated  for  the  bar,  and  settled  at 
Orono,  December,  1834.  He  continued  in  practice  until  about  1860.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1842,  and  representative  from  the  Penobscot 
district  in  the  32d,  33d,  34th,  35th,  and  36th  Congresses  of  the  United  States. 
He  resigned  January  1,  1861,  having  been  elected  governor  of  Maine  in  1860. 


854  History  op  Androscoggin  County. 

He  was  re-elected  in  September,  1861,  and  declined  a  subsequent  election.  In 
1863  he  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  collector  of  the  port  of  Portland, 
and  held  that  office  for  many  years.  He  was  a  Universalist  and  a  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  Tufts  College.  In  1874  he  published  "Notes 
Historical,  Etc.,  of  Livermore,"  an  exhaustive  work,  of  which  we  have  made 
extensive  use.  His  surviving  children  are  Israel  H.,  a  retired  officer  of  U.  S. 
Marines,  Ada,  and  Maud.  Ahjernon  S.,  was  a  merchant  in  Boston,  and  after- 
wards a  banker  in  Hallowell,  where  he  died  in  1879.  His  son,  John,  is  at  the 
head  of  the  reorganized  Washburn-Crosby  Company  at  Minneapolis.  Ulihu  B., 
studied  law,  went  to  Illinois  in  1840,  and  commenced  practice  at  Galena,  where 
he  married  Adele  Gratiot.  (Their  son,  Hempstead,  is  the  present  mayor  of 
Chicago.  Another  son,  William  Pitt  Washburn,  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
April  22, 1854.  He  makes  the  Norlands  his  summer  residence.)  In  1852  he  was 
elected  representative  in  Congress  and  was  continued  in  this  office  till  March, 
1869,  being  at  the  time  of  his  retirement  the  oldest  member  by  consecutive  elec- 
tions. In  March,  1809,  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  state,  but  soon  resigned  to 
accept  tlie  office  of  minister  plenipotentiary  to  France.  He  was  in  Paris  as 
minister  during  the  siege  by  the  Prussians  and  the  reign  of  the  Commune, 
and  did  most  admirable  service.  He  died  at  Chicao^o  in  1887.  Cadwaladcr  O. 
(LL.D.),  was  a  lawyer,  and  settled  in  Mineral  Point,  Wis.,  about  1841,  and  later 
removed  to  Madison  in  that  state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  34th,  35th,  36th, 
39th,  and  40th  Congresses:  was  a  major-general  in  the  Civil  War.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1871,  he  was  elected  governor  of  Wisconsin.  He  died  in  Arkansas  in 
1882.  Martha  married  Col  Charles  L.  Stephenson,  a  native  of  Gorham,  and 
resided  in  Galena,  111.  Charles  A.^  graduated  at  Bowdoin  and  later  became  a 
publisher  and  editor  in  Californa.  He  was  an  elector  at  large  from  that  state 
in  1860 ;  in  1861  was  appointed  U.  S.  minister  resident  at  Paraguay.  He  was 
recalled  at  his  own  request  in  1869.  He  was  author  of  a  history  of  Paraguay, 
and  of  other  works.  He  died  in  New  York  in  1889.  Samuel  B.  was  a  ship- 
master, and  afterwards  an  extensive  lumberman,  and  a  captain  in  the  navy  in 
the  Civil  War.  He  died  in  1890.  Mary  B.  (dec.)  married  Gustavus  A. 
l^uffum.  Frank  W.  and  Charles  G.,  their  sons,  are  prominent  lumbermen  of 
Louisiana,  Mo.  William  B.  graduated  at  Bowdoin  in  1854,  studied  law,  and 
subsequently  was  extensively  interested  in  timber  lands  and  mill  property  in 
Minnesota.  From  1861  to  1865  he  was  surveyor-general  of  Minnesota,  and 
has  been  president  of  Minneapolis  &  St  Louis  Railroad,  a  member  of  Congress 
from  Minnesota,  and  prominent  in  the  wonderful  development  of  the  water- 
power  at  Minneapolis,  and  connected  with  the  immense  flouring  mills  at  that 
city,  as  well  as  in  various  official  and  financial  relations.  Caroline  A.  married 
Dr  Freeland  S.  Holmes,  surgeon  of  the  Sixth  Maine,  who  died  in  service  in 
September,  1868.  Her  home  is  in  Minneapolis.  This  one  family  has  given  to  the 
nation  four  members  of  Congress  from  four  different  states,  one  secretary  of 


Town  of  Livermore.  855 


state,  two  foreign  ministers,  two  governors  of  two  different  states,  one  major- 
general  in  the  U.  S.  army,  and  one  captain  in  the  U.  S.  navy. 

Capt.  Otis  Pray  settled  here  about  1810,  and  was  extensively  engaged  as  a 
mill-wright,  and  had  the  reputation  of  being  a  superior  workman.  He  became 
captain  of  the  Livermore  cavalry,  and  in  his  later  years  cultivated  the  well- 
known  farm  south  of  the  Norlands  church,  which  he  had  occupied  more  than 
60  years.  He  was  an  honored  citizen,  and  died  in  1874,  aged  85  years.  He 
was  brother  of  Gen.  Publius  R.  R.  Pray.  His  sons  were  Albert  C.  and  Otis  A. 
Captain  Fray's  brothers,  Publius  and  Ephraim,  came  with  him,  and  resided 
here  for  many  years  (see  page  847). 

Samuel  Morhon  settled  here  about  1810.  He  moved  to  Bangor  in  1835. 
Of  his  sons,  Samuel  B.  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin,  and  after  practicing  some 
years  as  a  physician,  moved  to  Bangor  and  was  U.  S.  pension  agent;  Dorillus 
was  a  wealthy  man  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  was  mayor;  H.  G.  O.  also  became 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Minnesota.     Russell  S.  was  a  merchant  of  Bangor. 

Johi  Smith  came  from  Brentwood,  N.  H.,  in  1816,  and  engaged  in  tanning 
near  the  Falls  and  did  a  profitable  business.  He  married  Mary  Sanborn,  of 
Acton.  He  was  one  of  the  first  directors  of  the  Androscoggin  railroad,  and  a 
prominent  and  generous  member  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Livermore  Falls  for 
58  years.  After  a  life  of  unostentatious  usefulness,  he  died  April  26,  1880, 
aged  94.  Cateh  Smithy  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Sanborn)  Smith,  was  born  in 
Livermore,  March  2,  1818.  Mr  Smitli  continued  the  business  of  his  father  as 
a  tanner  and  currier,  and  has  a  farm  of  500  acres,  which  he  conducts  with  his 
sons,  Samuel,  Franklin  B.,  and  Charles  B. ;  another  son,  Horace,  is  in  the  shoe 
business  in  Portland,  Ore.;  Wallace  died  in  Livermore.  Mr  Smith  married 
Fannie  W.  Winslow,  a  native  of  Jay.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and 
represented  his  district  in  1873,  is  a  Baptist  in  his  religious  affiliations,  and  an 
esteemed  and  valued  citizen. 

Napbtali  Coffin,  Asa  Bartlett,  Thomas  aud  David  Rich,  Jacob  Berais,  Jesse  Kidder, 
George  Chandler,  Col  Josiah  Hobbs,  Benjamin  Winslow,  Perez  Ellis,  James  Timberlake, 
Solomon  Edes,  Capt.  Charles  J.  Baker,  Isaac  Fuller,  Ichabod  Boothby,  Thomas  and 
Hezekiah  Bryant,  Isaac  Hamlin,  Samuel  Beals,  David  Whitman,  Elisha  Chenery,  William 
Tbompson,  Rufus  Hewett,  James  Walker,  Ebenezer  Hinds,  Jr,  Isaiah  Keith,  Apollos  Jones, 
Stacy  Knox,  J.  Basford,  Samuel  Hersey,  Eben  Keith,  Dea.  John  Elliot,  Dea.  Benjamin  True, 
Daniel  Briggs,  John  Bigelow,  Col  Bartholomew  Woodbury,  Ephraim  Child,  David  Read, 
John  Sanders,  Peter  Humphrey,  Joshua  Campbell,  Col  William,  Robert,  James,  and  Samuel 
Morison,  Lieut  Israel  Paul,  Benjamin,  Daniel,  and  Didymus  Edgecomb,  Joseph  Meserve, 
Joseph  Merrill,  and  others  were  valuable  additions  to  the  town  in  the  early  part  of  the 
century,  most  of  them  from  Massachusetts.  The  route  generally  used  by  them  on  their 
way  was  by  sailing  vessels  to  Hallowell,  by  wagons  or  sleighs  to  the  end  of  the  road  at 
Androscoggin  pond.  There  they  embarked  in  the  primitive  boats  or  scows  to  cross  the 
pond,  go  down  Dead  river,  and  up  the  Androscoggin  to  the  ferry  above  the  "rips."  The 
first  ferry,  at  "ToUa- Walla,"  was  soon  abandoned  and  Hillman's  Ferry  (then  called  Fuller's) 


856  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

was  established.  One  was  in  use  for  a  time  below  the  Falls,  and  one  at  Lieutenant  Benja- 
min's, which  was  discontinued  about  1835,  and  Strickland's  Ferry,  then  Norris's,  was  put 
into  use. 

Deacon  Livermore,  the  first  settler  and  a  large  proprietor,  from  whom  the 
town  was  named,  was  a  wise  man  of  wealth  and  drew  about  him  other  settlers 
of  worth  and  means.  Many  of  the  settlers  came  from  Cambridge,  Watertown, 
Waltham,  others  from  Worcester  and  Bristol  counties,  and  Martha's  Vineyard. 
Those  from  the  vicinity  of  Boston  were  familiar  with  orcharding  and  Liver- 
more  early  became  noted  for  the  quantity  and  quality  of  its  fruit.  "From 
Bristol  and  Worcester  counties  came  those  whose  descendants  made  known 
the  town  in  Boston  markets  for  its  excellent  cheese."  In  elements  of  intelli- 
gence, education,  and  strong  mental  powers  few  of  the  towns  of  Maine  had 
such  valuable  possessions  in  their  settlers,  and  their  descendants  have  done 
honor  to  the  town  in  the  highest  positions  of  public,  political,  and  commercial 
life  in  the  land. 


CHAPTER   LIII. 

Excerpts  from  Town  Records  —  Early  Mills  —  Early  Traders  and  Tradesmen  —  Liver- 
more  Village  —  North  Livermore  —  Livermore  Centre  —  Farmers  —  Revolutiouary  Soldiers  — 
Early  Militia  — War  of  1812  —  Civil  War —Ecclesiastical  —  Physicians  and  Lawyers  — 
Education  —  The  Norlands  —  Washburn  Memorial  Library  —  Civil  List. 

THE  FIRST  town  MEETING  was  held  April  13,  1795,  at  the  house  of  Deacon  Elijah  Liver- 
more. Samuel  Hillraau  was  chosen  town  clerk  and  treasurer;  David  Learnerd,  Sylvanus 
Boardman,  and  Pelatiah  Gibbs,  selectmen;  Pelatiah  Gibbs,  constable;  James  Norton,  Elisha 
Smith,  William  Lindsey,  David  Morse,  Samuel  Sawin,  Reuben  Wing,  Abraham  Fuller, 
surveyors  of  roads;  Thomas  Chase,  David  Morse,  Elijah  Stephens,  surveyors  of  lumber;  Ransom 
Norton,  sealer  of  weights  and  measures;  Thomas  Chase  and  Isaac  Lovewell,  fence  viewers;  Elijah 
Stephens  and  Abijah  Munroe,  liog-reeves;  and  James  Delano,  pound-keeper.  July  28,  £50  were  voted 
for  roads,  £10  for  schools,  £15  for  the  poor,  paying  town  officers,  and  other  charges.  Elisha  Williams, 
Samuel  Benjamin,  and  Ransom  Norton  were  chosen  to  form  school  districts.  Roads  were  accepted 
from  Turner,  from  Jay  to  Fayette,  from  E.  Stephen's  ferry,  from  Deacon  Livermore's  to  New  Sand- 
wich, from  the  road  to  Turner's  Mills  to  Chase's  Mills,  from  the  Turner  road  to  Chase's  Mills,  from 
Littleborough  to  Benjamin's  Mills,  from  Samuel  Sawin's  towards  Fuller's  and  Learnard's  Ferry,  and 
from  Turner  road  towards  Deacon  Livermore's.  1796.  January  11,  Sylvanus  Boardman  was  chosen 
delegate  to  vote  against  the  division  of  the  county  of  Cumberland.  This  meeting  was  held  at  the 
school-house.  March  7, Thomas  Chace,  Samuel  Benjamin,  and  David  Morse  were  chosen  school  wards. 
Voted  that  the  east  side  of  the  river  be  a  school  district,  and  that  "  Nezer  Daile,  Nathaniel  Perley, 
Ransom  Norton,  Thomas  Choolege,  Samuel  Benjamin,  and  Thomas  Wing  divide  the  west  side  into  six 
districts."  April  4,  first  election  of  state  ofificers.  Increase  Sumner  received  all  the  40  votes  cast  for 
governor.  1797.  April  3,  voted  to  build  a  pound  within  50  rods  of  James  Delano's  house.  May  10, 
voted  unanimously  to  ask  for  the  separation  of  the  district  of  Maine.  November  5,  voted  to  petition 
the  General  Court  to  divide  Livermore  into  two  towns,  and  make  the  river  the  dividing  line  between 
the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Lincoln.  1799.  April  1,  voted  to  raise  .fiSOO  for  highways.  1801. 
September  29,  Cyrus  Hamlin  was  chosen  delegate  to  a  convention  at  Paris  to  consider  the  propriety  of 


Town  of  Liveemore.  857 


erecting  a  separate  county.  1803.  April  4,  voted  to  raise  .$130  for  hiring  preaching.  Voted  that  the 
assessors  talve  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  respecting  what  denomination  each  one  will  pay  his  money 
to.  1804.  In  March  voted  to  be  annexed  to  the  county  of  Kennebec  if  disunited  from  Cumberland. 
April  2,  David  Learned,  Elijali  Livermore,  and  Jesse  Stone  were  chosen  a  committee  to  petition  to  .sell 
the  ministerial  and  parsonage  lands.  May  8,  voted  that  any  [religious]  society  in  town  have  the  consent 
of  the  town  to  get  incorporated. 

1805.  May  6,  voted  to  give  25  cents  for  crows'  heads,  this  year.  November  25,  voted  Col  David 
Learned  to  remonstrate  against  dividing  the  county  into  half  "shiers."  1807.  April  0,  83  votes  were 
cast  in  favor  of  the  erection  of  Maine  into  a  separate  state,  and  54  against.  October  2,  voted  to  raise 
$150  for  military  stores,  and  "  to  build  a  Powder  house  of  Brick  and  stone  on  the  Isaac  Lovell  nook." 
Voted  that  Mr  Sylvanus  Boardman  be  accepted  as  the  town's  minister  and  put  in  possession  of  the 
remaining  part  of  the  right  of  land  granted  to  the  town,  he  giving  security  for  the  payment  of  .$450,  to 
be  divided  between  the  Methodist  and  Universal  societies,  and  indemnifying  the  town  with  respect  to 
the  use  of  ministry  land  or  any  other  ways  to  support  him.  1808.  May  2,  votes  for  the  reconsideration 
of  the  settlement  of  Elder  Boardman  54,  votes  for  the  settlement  45.  1813.  April  5,  voted  to  petition 
Congress  to  have  the  post  route  continued  from  Livermore  to  Farmington.  1814.  April  4,  voted  to 
divide  the  money  arising  from  the  ministerial  fund  amongst  the  male  inhabitants  who  are  21  years  and 
upwards,  and  Ira  Thompson,  Abel  Munroe,  and  Simeon  Waters  were  chosen  a  committee  to  do  this. 
1815.  March  6,  the  selectmen  were  instructed  to  procure  cartridges  and  balls  sufficient  for  all  the 
training  soldiers  in  town  and  deposit  them  in  the  magazine  prior  to  the  first  Tuesday  in  May  next  and 
give  notice  thereof  to  the  several  commanders  and  companies.  181().  Yeas  124,  nays  20,  on  the  separa- 
tion of  Maine.  Benjamin  Bradford  and  William  H.  Brettun  were  chosen  delegates  to  a  convention  at 
Brunswick  concerning  the  separation.  1818.  May  4,  voted  to  take  a  new  census  for  dividing  the 
interest  of  the  minister  fund-money  and  chose  Baley  Hathaway,  Theodore  INIastin,  and  John  Turner  to 
represent  the  Baptist  church;  William  Morison,  Abel  Monroe,  and  Nathan  Soule,  the  Methodist;  John 
Griffith,  John  Leavitt,  and  Jonathan  Bryant,  the  Universalist.  1819.  July  26,  voted  that  the  select- 
men agree  with  the  several  ferrymen  to  ferry  the  voters  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  at  the  expense  of 
the  town  when  going  to  and  from  town  meetings.  September  20,  Benjamin  Bradford  and  Thomas 
Chase,  Jr,  were  chosen  delegates  to  the  constitutional  convention  at  Portland.  December  20,  Livermore 
cast  76  votes  for  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  and  2  against  it. 

1820.  April  3,  William  King  had  111  votes  for  the  first  governor  of  Maine,  Mark  L.  Hill  15,  John 
Howard  4,  Ezekiel  Whitman,  Merchant  Philbrick,  and  Thomas  Chase,  Jr,  1  each.  1822.  September 
9,  William  H.  Brettun  &  Son,  Samuel  Morison,  Israel  Washburn,  Davis  Washburn,  Elisha  Pettengill, 
John  S.  Stone,  Abijah  Munroe,  and  John  A.  Kimball  were  licensed  as  retailers  of  liquors.  1823. 
April  7,  Isaac  Fuller  was  allowed  .$5  for  placing  plank  on  the  edge  of  the  river  at  his  ferry  to  make  it 
safe  passing  at  this  season  of  the  year.  September  8,  voted  to  assess  $300  upon  District  No.  7,  to  build 
a  school-house.  1826.  April  3.  This  meeting  was  held  at  the  Baptist  meeting-house  instead  of  the 
Methodist,  the  usual  place  of  meeting,  and  voted  the  September  meeting  be  at  the  Baptist 
meeting-house.  1827.  March  6,  voted  to  give  the  Methodists  $6  a  year  for  the  use  of  their  house  for 
town  meetings.  March  1,  1.S33,  the  $200  (interest  from  the  ministerial  fund)  was  divided:  The 
Universalist  Society  (west  side)  received  $45;  Universalist  (east  side),  $23.66;  First  Baptist,  .$.36.65; 
Second  Baptist,  $7.42;  Third  Baptist,  $25.52;  Methodist  (west  side),  $26.91;  Methodist  (east  side), 
$21..34;  Freewill  Baptist,  $9.74;  Elder  Hayes,  $3.72.  1837.  March  24,  voted  to  receive  the  public 
money  and  to  apply  it  in  payment  for  the  farm  recently  purchased.  1840.  September  14,  voted  not  to 
divide  the  town. 

1843.  March  6,  the  town  consented  to  the  incorporation  of  East  Livermore.  September  11,  the 
public  property  of  Livermore  was  divided  between  Livermore  and  East  Livermore.  1846.  March  2, 
voted  that  the  selectmen  employ  a  physician,  in  whom  they  have  confidence,  "  to  vaccinate  all  the 
inhabitants  of  the  town  with  Klne  pock,  who  may  be  willing."  1847.  May  24,  the  selectmen  were 
directed  to  procure  a  new  hear.se,  etc.,  and  ascertain  the  cost  of  a  hearse-house.  1852.  February  4, 
refused  to  loan  the  credit  of  the  town  to  the  Androscoggin  Railroad.  1855.  May  1,  Clarendon  Waters 
was  appointed  liquor  agent.  1858.  June  7,  Livermore  gave  111  votes  for  the  Prohibitory  Law  and  one 
for  the  License  Law  of  ]8,")6.  September  13,  John  Saunders,  Zebulon  Goding,  Nathaniel  Perley,  and 
Wm  Child,  with  a  majority  of  the  selectmen,  were  made  a  committee  to  purchase  a  town  farm.  1859. 
March  7,  voted  that  the  selectmen  be  instructed  to  regard  the  Second  Advent  Christians  and  Spirit- 
ualists as  religious  societies  and  entitled  to  their  just  proportion  of  said  interest  of  the  ministerial  fund. 
1860.  March  19,  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  purchase  the  Phineas  S.  Gibbs  farm  for  a  town  farm, 
at  a  price  not  exceeding  $700.     September  10,  for  governor,  Israel  Washburn,  Jr,  had  211  votes,  and 


858  History  of  Androscoggin  County, 

Ephraim  K.  Smart,  149.  1866.  June  9,  authorized  the  issue  of  six  per  cent,  bonds  to  fund  the  town 
debt,  to  be  redeemable  within  15  years.  1871.  September  11,  voted  to  exempt  from  taxation,  for  ten 
years,  any  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  factory,  located  in  town,  with  a  capital  of  $1,000  or  more.  1880. 
December  8,  voted  to  exempt  from  taxation,  for  five  years,  the  steam  mill,  machinery,  and  stock  owned 
by  G.  T.  Piper.  1891.  Valuation,  $413,877.  Number  of  taxable  polls,  323.  The  resources  of  the  town 
amount  to  $2,048.08;   liabilities,  $1,177.54. 

Early  Mills  (for  water-powers  see  page  42).  —  The  first  mills  were  grist  and 
saw  mills,  erected  near  the  outlet  of  Long  pond,  by  Deacon  Livermore,  before 
1783.  These  were  later  owned  in  whole  or  in  part  in  succession  by  Otis 
Robinson,  Henry  Bond,  Lt  Samuel  Benjamin,  Nathaniel  Dailey,  James  Parker, 
Eli  Putnam,  Thomas  Rich,  and  Jacob  Gibbs,  by  whose  name  they  were  called 
for  many  years.  Saw,  fulling,  and  carding  mills  (and  later  a  grist-mill)  were 
erected  in  1812  on  Mill  stream,  above  the  interval,  by  John  Fuller  who  came 
in  1795  with  his  brothers,  Isaac  and  Abram.  He  died  in  1829,  aged  85. 
Isaac,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  kept  the  ferry  (later  called  Hill  man's)  at  the 
interval  for  a  long  time,  dying  in  1851,  aged  82.  These  were  called 
Fuller's  Mills  for  years,  and  later  conducted  by  John  A.  Kimball.  Gen.  David 
Learned  built  a  saw-mill  at  the  outlet  of  Bartlett's  pond,  about  1800.  Joseph 
Horsley  erected  saw  and  fulling  mills,  in  1804,  on  Bog  brook,  which  brought 
custom  from  Bethel  and  other  distant  points.  The  power  at  the  foot  of 
Turner's  (Brettun's)  pond  was  early  occupied  by  Deacon  Livermore,  who 
built  saw  and  grist  mills.  Samuel  Park  made  scythes  at  the  Falls.  Ichabod 
Boothby '  made  scythe-snaths,  and  Henry  Aldrich  was  in  the  same  business  at 
Brettun's  Mills. 

Early  Traders  and  Tradesmen.  —  The  first  trader  was  Gen.  David  Learned, 
in  a  small  store  just  south  of  the  Norlands  Church.  He  was  succeeded,  in 
1805,  by  Artemas  Leonard,  from  Raynhara,  who  removed  it  to  the  Dr  Hamlin 
place.  Israel  Washburn,  also  from  Raynham,  in  1809,  purchased  Leonard's 
farm  and  business  and  conducted  trade  until  1829.  Samuel  Morison,  Samuel 
F.  Fuller,  and  Francis  F.  Haines  were  early  traders  on  the  east  side.  Besides 
Joseph  Stone,  Captain  Alpheus  Kendall  had  a  tannery  at  the  foot  of  Bartlett's 
pond.  This  did  a  large  business.  John  Smith,  in  1817,  started  a  tannery  near 
Livermore  Falls,  which  has  done  business  until  the  present.  Thomas  Wing 
was  an  early  mill-wright  and  carpenter.     Isaiah  Keith  and  Otis  and  Ebenezer 

^Ic.hahod  Boothhij  came  early  from  Scarborough.  He  was  a  stage  driver,  and  drove  the  first  stage 
on  the  line  from  Saco  to  Brunswick,  and  had  charge  of  a  box  containing  the  gold  and  silver  to  establish 
the  first  bank  in  Bath.  Mr  Boothby  lived  in  the  soutli  part  and  built  a  scythe-snath  factory,  which  he 
conducted  for  50  years.  He  was  born  in  1789  and  died  1868,  a  useful  and  honest  citizen.  He  married 
Charlotte  Knight.  Their  children  were:  Levi  P.,  of  Waterville;  Charles  H.  and  Eleazer  B.,  of 
Livermore;  David  S.,  of  Auburn;  Prudence  (dec).  Charles  H.  Boothbtj  married  Betsey  Wheeler 
Hescock,  of  Jay.  Children:  Frank  H.;  Charle.s  H.,  of  Portland;  Fred  D.  (dec);  Cora  P.;  Annie  C; 
Ernest  R.;  George  L.,  of  Montana;  Lillian  M.;  Ora  W.;  Harold  A.  Frank  H.  Boothhy,  born  April 
13,  1852,  married  Carrie  M.  Young,  of  North  Rumford.  He  owns  and  conducts  a  farm  of  60  acres  ;  has 
been  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  9  years;  is  a  popular  insurance  agent,  and  an  adjuster  and  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  Maine  Mutual  Accident  Association  of  Portland. 


Town  of  Livermoee.  859 


Pray  were  mill-wrights.  David  Morse  was  a  carpenter  and  joiner,  a  mason, 
and  a  mill-wright.  They  lived  in  the  south  part  on  the  old  main  road.  Col 
Elias  Morse,  his  son,  was  also  a  carpenter.  Ebenezer  Hinds  (1801),  Abner 
and  Samuel  P.  Holman,  Nathaniel  Soper,  Obededora  Brown,  Samuel  Boothby, 
Alfred  Parker,  Zebedee  Rose,  ApoUos  Jones,  Samuel  Hersey  were  carpenters. 
The  early  blacksmiths  were  Otis  llobinson,  Capt.  Jonathan  Morse,  David 
Read,  Wm  Sanders,  Nathan  Bartlett,  Jeremiah  Bean,  Ebenezer  Pray,  James 
H.  Putnam,  and  others.  Captain  Simeon  Waters  was  a  saddler.  Sylvester 
Norton,  Sarson  Chase,  and  John  Sanders  were  early  slioemakers.  Kilah  Hall, 
from  Raynham,  made  clocks  in  the  south  part  of  the  town.  Peter  Humphrey 
was  the  mason  from  1800  till  his  death,  some  years  later. 

LiVERMORE  V^iLLAGE  (Brettun's  Mills).  — The  first  development  of  this 
place  was  early.  Soon  after  the  town  was  fairly  settled,  Deacon  Elijah  Liver- 
more  erected  mills,  that,  bringing  people  here  with  their  "grists"  and  saw-logs, 
soon  made  it  a  centre  of  trade.  The  mills  were  later  owned  by  Captain  Henry 
Sawtelle,  Nezar  Dailey,  and  William  H.  Brettun,  who  bought  them  in  1810. 
About  this  time  Ozias  Bartlett  had  a  carding  mill,  later  run  by  John  Hanna. 
Henry  Aldrich  made  scythe-snaths  here  from  1810  to  1825.  Various  other 
industries  centered  here.  Mr  Brettun,  who  had  conducted  quite  a  large  trade 
in  a  store  on  his  farm,  threw  both  energy  and  capital  into  developing  the 
village.  He  built  shingle,  carding  and  fulling  mills,  opened  a  large  stock  of 
goods  for  sale,  made  potash,  and  Brettun's  Mills  transacted  a  large  amount  of 
business  in  various  lines.  About  1836  he  removed  to  Bangor.  His  son, 
William  H.  I^rettun,  Jr,  succeeded  him  as  a  merchant,  was  succeeded  in  1852 
by  Nathaniel  Perley.  Mr  Perley  did  a  fine  business  for  nearly  15  years  and 
was  followed  by  his  son,  Samuel  F.  Perley.  George  T.  Piper,  a  merchant  of 
Strickland's  Ferry,  came  here  in  1869,  bought  out  Mr  Perley,  and,  alone  and 
with  others,  was  in  trade  until  1880.  From  1840  to  1870,  Abner  L.  Aldrich, 
Barzillai  Latham,  Isaac  and  Augustus  H.  Strickland,  Samuel  B.  Holt  (who 
built  a  store  in  1840),  Dorillus  Morison,  G.  W.  C.  Washburn,  and  others  were 
in  trade  for  long  or  short  periods.  About  1865,  S.  F.  Perley  transformed  the 
carriage  shop  of  Palmer  Elliott^  into  a  store,  which  he  sold  to  Mr  Piper. 
J.  Fuller  &  Co.  was  here  in  1870,  and  George  B.  Strickland  was  a  partner  of  Mr 
Piper  (Piper  &  Strickland)  in  this  store  about  1870.  W.  F.  Fuller,  son  of 
Eland  Fuller  (who  came  from  Hartford  and  was  a  tailor  for  years),  was  a 
partner  of  Mr  Piper  under  firm  name  G.  T.  Piper  &  Co.     They  sold  to  Roscoe 

^  Deacon  John  Elliott  hecarae  a,  reaident  ot  Livermore  in  1813.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Marble,  of 
Sutton,  Mass.,  where  their  son,  Palmer,  was  born  in  1806.  In  1855  Palmer  Elliott  came  to  Brettun's 
Mills,  where  he  erected  many  houses,  and  manufactured  carriages  for  10  years.  His  daugliter,  Mary, 
married  John  McCormick.son  of  Patrick  and  Mary  (Lewis)  McCormick,  born  at  Gibraltar,  Spain.  His 
latlier  was  an  orderly  under  Wellington,  and  came  to  Maine  in  1826.  Mr  McCormick  served  three  years 
in  the  Civil  War.  He  is  a  Republican,  a  Methodist,  and  a  farmer,  and  belongs  to  Wilson  Post,  G.  A.  R., 
and  Turner  Grange. 


860  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

G.  Goding  and  in  a  few  years  bought  him  out.  Since  Mr  Piper  retired  in  1880, 
Mr  Fuller  has  conducted  trade  alone  and  is  postmaster.  Oliver  Stevens  had  a 
store  in  1874  and  later.  R.  F.  Gordon  traded  in  1877  and  until  1879.  George 
A.  Gordon  was  in  trade  some  years  about  1880.  The  last  trader  in  the  Holt 
store  was  P.  M.  Jones,  who  went  out  of  trade  in  1889. 

A  brisk  business  was  conducted  in  the  mills  from  Mr  Brettun's  day,  but  no 
great  expansion  occurred  until  after  1870,  when  the  Soule  shoe  factory 
employed  from  50  to  100  hands  for  some  years,  S.  V.  Young  about  25,  and 
business  was  lively.  In  1871  there  were  two  saw-mills  with  shingle  and  other 
machinery,  and  a  grist-mill,  operated  by  water,  and  a  large  steam  mill,  making 
shook,  boxes,  and  spools,  emplo3dng  numerous  hands  and  carried  on  by  Russell 
Bros.  They  were  succeeded  by  Theodore  Russell,  Jr,  the  property  soon 
passing  into  the  hands  of  his  father.  G.  T.  Piper  sold  the  grist-mill  to  Phillips 
Bros  in  1877.  In  1881  C.  F.  Phillips  had  the  grist-mill,  A.  S.  &  E.  F.  Phillips, 
lumber  mills.  From  1880,  under  Mr  Piper's  operations,  times  were  again  brisk. 
He  built  a  large  mill,  employed  about  50  men  in  making  excelsior,  staves,  spool 
stock,  and  novelty  wood-turning.  This  mill  was  burned  April  5,  1883,  rebuilt, 
and  used  for  novelty  wood-turning  until  June  6,  1888,  when  it  was  again 
burned.  A  match  factory  was  built  in  1890  by  Shorey  &  Sons,  but  ran  only 
one  season.  E.  F.  Phillips  now  operates  the  saw-mill,  and  C.  F.  Phillips  the 
grist-mill,  to  which  he  has  just  added  the  making  of  apple  barrels. 

Livermore  Dairying  Association  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1887,  with  a 
paid  up  capital  of  11,500,  afterwards  increased  to  $1,800.  G.  B.  Strickland 
was  president,  G.  A.  Gordon  secretary,  W.  F.  Fuller  treasurer.  The  factory 
was  completed  in  a  few  weeks,  and  butter-making  was  commenced  June  6, 
1887.  The  value  of  the  annual  product  is  from  112,000  to  118,000.  Ship- 
ments are  principally  made  to  the  principal  cities  of  Maine  and  Massachusetts. 
The  superintendent,  Mr  S.  H.  Deane,  is  a  graduate  of  the  celebrated  Turner 
factory.  Present  officers:  F.  E.  Adkins,  president;  T.  Russell,  secretary;  W. 
F.  Fuller,  treasurer;  D.  R.  Briggs,  C.  P.  Sanders,  D.  A.  Pollard,  members. 

The  village  is  pleasantl}^  located  in  a  valley,  sheltered  from  rough  winter 
winds  by  Bear  mountain,  and  with  its  three  stage  routes  (one  to  the  ferry,  one 
to  Canton,  one  to  Auburn),  its  two  churches,  its  butter  factory,  and  other 
industries  is  still  a  good  centre  of  trade,  from  130,000  to  -$40,000  worth  of 
goods  being  sold  annually.  W.  F.  Fuller  and  Mrs  R.  C.  Bryant  are  the 
merchants. 

North  Livermore  was  of  importance  early,  and  the  centre  of  activity  was 
at  the  "Corner."  Col  Jesse  Stone  kept  a  tavern  and  a  tannery  for  a  long  time 
before  1800,  and  traded  in  a  small  way.  He  was  selectman,  justice,  and  post- 
master. In  1819  Davis  Washburn,  from  Bangor,  built  a  store  and  with  J.  M. 
Williams,  from  Taunton,  condilcted  trade  here  and  at  Dixfield  in  an  extensive 


Town  of  Livermore.  861 


way  until  his  death  in  1832.^  Charles  Barrell  was  for  a  time  a  partner  of  Mr 
Washburn  at  this  place.  The  Coolidge  family  has  been  a  long  time  prominent 
here.  Jefferson  and  Merritt  Coolidge  were  large  merchants,  but  a  half  a 
century  ago  they  moved  away;  the  first  to  Buckfield,  the  latter  to  Bangor ; 
later  they  were  wholesale  grocers  of  Portland,  and  prominent  financial  men. 
William  Coolidge,  who  was  a  long  time  in  trade,  moved  to  Canton  and  was 
followed  as  merchant  by  Augustus  W.  Coolidge,  whose  daughter,  Hattie  L.,  is 
now  in  trade.  Roscoe  G.  Coding  was  in  trade  for  a  time.  F.  W.  Coolidge  is 
now  a  merchant.  The  North  Livermore  Cheese  Factort/  was  organized  about 
1875,  through  the  efforts  of  Sewall  M.  Norton,  J.  D.  and  L.  B.  Thompson, 
A.  W.  Coolidge,  and  others.  A  factory  was  built  and  has  been  kept  in 
successful  operation.  S.  M.  Norton  is  president  of  the  compan3^  P.  S.  Gibbs 
and  C.  R.  Leach  are  directors.     Charles  Alden  has  a  small  saw-mill. 

With  its  country  quietude,  its  Masonic  society  (see  page  209),  its  two 
stores,  its  churches,  its  neat  and  quaint  farm-houses,  the  little  village  has  a 
picturesque  charm  to  the  stranger  and  a  cordial  greeting  to  those  who  call  it 
home. 

Livermore  Centre.  —  This  has  been  quite  a  section  for  trade  and  manu- 
facturing. The  novelty  wood-turning  business  of  F.  S.  Richmond,  now 
operated  at  Livermore  Falls,  had  its  origin  here.  The  manufacture  of  exten- 
sion cases,  etc.,  of  John  L.  Cummings  was  also  started  here,  but  the  railroad 
facilities  of  the  Falls  drew  both  away  from  the  place  of  their  birth  (see  page 
589).  The  Livermore  Centre  Cheese  Factory  was  organized  by  Bigelow  & 
Cummings  in  1873  and  was  of  great  value  to  the  farmers  until  it  was  burned 
in  1888.  Mr  Cummings  conducted  trade  for  15  years,  but  removed  his  business 
in  1890.  He  has  built  a  new  factory,  however,  in  Livermore,  above  the  bridge. 
John  W.  Bigelow,'  Amos    Beckler,  Millett  Cummings,  John  A.  Hayes,  and 

iHis  sons,  George  W.  C.  Washburn,  of  Needham,  Mass.,  and  John  M.  Washburn,  of  Boston,  for  25 
years  treasurer  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  were  prominent  men. 

-JohnBigeloio,  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  came  to  Livermore  in  1802.  His  sous,  Andrew,  John  Warren, 
Joel  Howard,  and  Leander  were  all  good  farmers.  John  W.  was  born  July  15, 1807,  and  died  February 
26,  1856.  He  was  an  intelligent  man  and  a  good  citizen.  John  W.  Bigelow,  son  of  John  W.  and 
Osca  (Bradford)  Bigelow,  was  born  in  Livermore,  January  29,  1843.  His  mother's  father,  Dr  Bradford, 
was  one  of  the  early  settlers  and  first  physicians  of  the  town,  and  of  direct  descent  from  Gov.  Bradford 
of  Plymouth.  Mr  Bigelow  and  his  wife,  Fannie  ^I.,  have  one  daughter,  Osca  C.  He  was  for  15  years 
agent  and  manager  of  the  Livermore  Centre  Cheese  Factory.  The  factory  was  burned  in  1888,  and 
Mr  Bigelow  now  conducts  a  private  cheese  and  butter  factory,  employing  five  persons.  He  has  been  a 
farmer  since  1865,  and  has  a  farm  of  300  acres,  and  keeps  10  horses,  30  cows  and  6  yearlings,  and  50 
swine.  He  takes  interest  in  fine  horses,  and  has  some  valuable  animals,  among  them  the  brood  mai'es 
Dutchess,  Dawn  A.,  Kate  B.,  and  Annie  E.;  the  stallions,  Johnosca  (foaled  June  31,  1889,  sired  by 
Reckefeller)  and  Norland  Wilkes  (foaled  June  17,  1890,  sired  by  Messenger  Wilkes).  He  also  pays 
attention  to  fruit  growing,  and  in  1890  harvested  300  barrels  of  apples.  Mr  Bigelow  is  a  Democrat  and 
a  Spiritualist.  He  was  sergeant  in  Co.  E,  32d  Maine,  in  the  Civil  War.  Joel  Howard  Bigelow  was  an 
intelligent  and  progressive  farmer  on  a  fine  farm  near  the  Norlands.  He  m.,  first,  Caroline  Bradford; 
second,  Hannah  Lunt.  He  has  two  daughters,  Caroline  B.  (Mrs  A.  H.  Jackson)  and  Ella  M.  The 
farm  is  kept  in  good  condition,  and  is  one  of  the  pleasant  and  attractive  places  of  the  town. 


862  HisTOEY  OF  Androscoggin  County. 

others  have  been  interested  in  dairying  and  the  factory.  H.  R.  Norton  is  the 
merchant  and  postmaster.  *S'.  H.  Chase  has  been  established  as  a  dentist  for 
some  years  in  this  neighborhood,  and  is  a  worthy  descendant  of  some  of  the 
earliest  families. 

The  northeast  corner  of  Livermore  is  developing  extensive  business,  and 
the  village  of  Livermore  Falls  is  crowding  across  the  bridge  into  this  town. 
The  Umbagog  Pulp  Co.  has  this  season  built  a  large  brick  mill  on  the  site  of 
its  old  mill  to  produce  50  tons  of  pulp  where  it  made  only  30  in  the  old  one. 
Various  industries  are  locating,  streets  are  being  laid  out,  and  houses  built. 
About  1830,  F.  F.  Haines  had  a  large  hemp  mill  in  operation  here  for  some  time. 

The  farmers  of  Livermore  have  a  strong  soil  to  cultivate,  quite  rough  and 
stony  in  many  parts,  but  repaying  the  diligent  worker.  Many  are  in  inde- 
pendent circumstances.  There  are  some  fine  apple  orchards,  mostly  Baldwins. 
Among  the  leading  farmers  are  Sewall  M.  Norton,  Thomas  M.  Wyman,  Irving 
Thompson  (the  largest  fruit  grower),  Calvin  R.  Leach,  Adna  Coding,  Seth  D. 
Washburn,  John  Sanders,  Martin  Keith,  Edward  Pratt,  E.  C.  Fuller,  Nathan 
Timberlake,^  C.  F.  Pike,  Adna  Boothby,  John  O.  Palmer,"^  Roswell  Briggs, 
Dana  Pollard,  Samuel  Nelson,  William  Soule,  and  others. 

Earl//  MiliHa—War  of  1S12— Civil  War.  — Major  Thomas  Fish,  Josiah  Wyer,  Lt  Samuel 
Benjamin,  John  Walker,  Abial  Turner,  Elisha  Fisher,  Lt  Samuel  Foster,  Major  Joseph 
Mills,  and  perhaps  others  of  the  settlers  did  honorable  service  in  the  Revolution  before  the 
settlement  of  Livermore  was  made,  and  the  martial  spirit  was  soon  shown  by  the  formation 
of  militia  companies.  The  first  was  formed  in  1800  and  had  David  Learned  for  captain  (he 
was  later  major);  William  Coolidge,  lieutenant;  Henry  Sawtelle,  ensign.  In  1803  two 
companies  were  organized  from  this  one.  The  one  at  North  Livermore  was  commanded  by 
Captain  Jesse  Stone,  Lieut  Jacob  Gibbs,  Ensign  Thomas  Chase,  Jr;  that  at  East  Livermore 
by  Captain  Peter  Haines,  Lieut  Robert  Morison,  Ensign  Theodore  Marstou.  A  company 
was  soon  formed  in  South  Livermore,  Captain  Henry  Sawtelle,  Lieut  James  Starbird, 
Ensign  Joseph  Mills.     A  cavalry  trooj)  was  formed  in  1809,  principally  in  Livermore,  but 

^  James  Timherlake  came  to  Livermore  from  Raynham,  Mass.,  early,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  and  occupied  by  his  son,  Nathan,  and  grandson,  Asa  G.  Here  were  born  his  children,  and 
liere  after  long  years,  July  1,  1891,  was  celebrated  the  golden  wedding  of  Nathan  Tbnheriake  and  wife, 
Adelia  (Millett)  Timberlake,  the  youngest  child  of  Zebulon  P.  and  Deliverance  (Rich)  Millett,  of 
Leeds.  Their  children  are:  D.  T.,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College  in  1870,  principal  of  Lancaster 
(N.  H.)  Academy;  Lucellus  E.,  foreman  of  the  Morning  Mail  Co.,  Lowell,  Mass.;  Mrs  S.  G.  Shurtleff; 
Luetta  C;  Hon.  F.  E.  Timberlake,  attorney  for  Franklin  county;  Mrs  Lora  Chase;  Enima  A.;  Asa  G. 

"John  0.  Palmer,  one  of  the  enterprising  and  progressive  farmers  of  South  Livermore,  is  a  son  of 
Humphrey  Palmer,  of  Fayette,  and  Charlotte  (Lyford)  Palmer,  of  East  Livermore,  and  was  born  in 
Fayette.  Mr  Palmer  married  Abbie  R.,  a  daughter  of  Deacon  John  Lane,  of  Leeds.  Of  their  six 
childi'en,  two  sons  survive:  Irving  O.,  a  graduate  of  Colby  University,  and  at  present  principal  of  the 
high  school  at  Warehara,  Mass.,  and  George  L.,  who  resides  on  the  home  farm.  Mr  Palmer  is  a 
Republican  in  his  politics,  and  represented  Livermore  in  the  legislature  in  1885  and  1889.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  First  Baptist  Church.  He  is  a  member  of  Oriental  Star  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  of  Turner  Grange,  P.  of  H.,  and  has  served  as  chaplain  in  both  orders.  His  farm  is  a  model  of 
neatness  and  thrift. 


Town  of  Livermore.  863 


with  men  from  Turner,  Jay,  and  Dixfleld.  OflBcers:  Captain  Samuel  Atwood,i  Lieut  Isaac 
Talbot  (Turner),  Cornet  Aaron  S.  Barton  (Dixfield).  This  was  a  crack  company  of  the 
section  for  years.  Amont;-  the  later  captains  were  Simeon  Waters,  Daniel  and  Elisha 
Coolidge,  Alpheus  Kendall,  Isaac  and  Hastings  Strickland,  Otis  Pray,  M.  M.  Stone,  Hezekiah 
Atwood,  Rufus  Hewett,  etc.  War  of  1812. — Two  companies  of  militia  served  at  Portland. 
They  were  commanded  by  Captain  Elias  Morse  and  Ensign  Henry  Aldrich,  and  Captain 
William  Morison  and  Lieut  Thomas  Davis.  The  regimental  officers  from  Livermore  were 
Joshua  Soule,  chaplain;  James  Chase,  adjutant;  Henry  Wood,  quartermaster;  John  Briggs, 
paymaster;  Cornelius  Holland,  surgeon.  A  large  number  from  Livermore  served  in  the 
regular  army  in  this  war.  Action  in  the  Civil  War.  —  In  the  Civil  War  Livermore  con- 
tributed her  full  quotas  of  volunteers,  94  in  all,  made  generous  provision  for  the  families  of 
her  absent  soldiers,  and  cheerfully  paid  all  liabilities  incurred  on  account  of  the  war.  The 
town  records  say :  1862.  April  19,  the  selectmen  were  directed  to  furnish  aid  to  the 
families  of  all  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  service.  July  31,  voted  to 
pay  a  bounty  of  $100  each  to  all  volunteers  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  not  exceeding 
18  in  number.  August  23,  $20  bounty  was  voted  to  each  man  enlisting  for  nine  months, 
and  $80  additional  per  man  was  voted  September  20.  1863.  March  2,  $2,000  was  voted 
to  pay  bounty  orders  given  during  the  past  year.  July  20,  voted  to  pay  each  drafted  soldier 
$7  per  month  for  the  time  that  he  is  actually  in  the  U.  S.  service.  November  17,  "voted 
to  pay  all  soldiers  enlisted  under  the  last  call,  $200;  $100  when  mustered  into  service,  the 
other  $100  when  killed  or  honorably  discharged,"  and  December  5,  $100  additional  was 
voted,  to  be  paid  when  the  soldier  was  mustered  in.  1864.  September  24,  voted  to  pay  a 
bounty  of  $300  under  the  last  call.  December  17,  voted  to  pay  $500  to  each  volunteer  to 
fill  the  quota  under  the  next  call  for  500,000  men  or  less  for  three  years'  service.  1865. 
January  3,  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  fill  the  quota  under  the  last  call  to  the  best 
advantage.  February  4,  voted  to  pay  Samuel  F.  Perley  $250  for  a  substitute,  he  being  the 
only  citizen  furnishing  one. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  in  Livermore  was  constituted  August  7,  1793, 
with  these  members:  Daniel  Holman,  Pelatiah  Gibbs,  Isaac  Lovewell,  Elisha 
Williams,  Otis  Robinson,  Henry  Bond,  James  Delano,  Zebedee  Delano, 
Thomas  Wyman,  Peter  Goding,  David  Reed,  Anna  Gibbs,  Hannah  Robinson, 
Mary  Delano,  Susanna  Wyman,  Grace  Delano,  Catherine  Walker.  The  first 
revival  was  in  this  year.  Mr  Zebedee  Delano,  while  on  a  visit  to  Winthrop, 
heard  a  sermon  preached  by  Elder  Case ;  on  his  return  he  was  "  filled  with  a 
sense  of  his  own  ways,"  and  subsequently  opened  the  worship  of  God  in  his 
family.  Others  became  converted  to  his  ways,  and  Elder  Case  and  Mr  Smith, 
of  Fayette,  aided  in  this  revival,  and  Mr  Smith  assisted  the  church  for  a  short 
time  after  its  organization.  Rev.  Sylvanus  Boardman  and  Rev.  Ransom 
Norton  were  among  those  whom  God  called  at  that  time  to  preach  the  Word. 
Mr  Delano  and  Elisha  Williams  became  ministei;s  of  this  denomination.  The 
first  nine  years  of  its  life  this  church  had  no  pastor,  but  was  assisted  by 
occasional  preaching;   but  it  had  within  itself  influential  and  worthy  members, 

iHe  was  boru  in  Digliton,  Mass.,  settled  at  Brettun's  Mills  in  1795,  later  in  the  west  part  of  the 
town.  He  was  often  in  office.  Among  his  children  were  Captain  Hezekiah,  Ephraira,  Lorenzo, 
Samuel,  and  Hepzibah  (m.  Artemas  Cole,  of  Buckfield). 


864  '    History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

who  labored  much  in  word  and  deed  for  its  upbuilding.  Isaac  Lovewell,  an 
original  member,  was  exceedingly  benevolent  and  liberal;  he  sustained  a 
large  share  in  the  erection  of  their  second  house  of  worship,  and,  at  his  death, 
left  1800  to  aid  the  support  of  the  gospel.  The  First  Pastor  was  Rev.  Sylvan  us 
Boardman;  he  came  with  the  Nortons  from  Martha's  Vineyard.  (His  son,  the 
distinguished  missionary,  Rev.  George  Dana  Boardman,  was  born  in  Livermore.) 
He  was  ordained  February  2,  1802,  and,  1810,  by  his  request,  was  dismissed 
from  this  charge.  Mr  Boardman  was  the  first  settled  minister  of  the  town, 
and  obtained,  by  a  vote  of  the  town,  the  lands  reserved  for  such,  a  boon  which 
few  Baptist  ministers  in  this  state  ever  gained.  The  church  has  also  enjo3red 
a  portion  of  the  fund  arising  from  other  lands  designed  for  the  support  of  the 
ministry  in  town.  Rev.  John  Haynes  entered  upon  his  duties  in  May,  1811, 
and  the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  church  was  under  his  successful  care  until 
1822.  Rev.  David  Nutter  was  here  for  some  nine  or  ten  years  from  1824; 
Rev.  R.  Milner,  1834;  Rev.  Nathan  Chapman,  1836  ;  Rev.  Charles  Miller,  1839; 
Rev.  John  Billings,  1844;  Rev.  A.  B.  Pendleton,  1846;  Rev.  David  Nutter, 
1849;  Rev.  Lucius  Bradford,  1853;  Rev.  William  A.  Durfee,  1859;  Rev.  E.  S. 
Fish,  1861;  Rev.  Carleton  Parker,  1871;  Rev.  J.  R.  Herrick,  1876;  Rev.  L. 
P.  Gurney,  1881 ;  Rev.  W.  H.  S.  Ventres,  1884  ;  Rev.  O.  Richardson,  1885  ;  Rev. 
G.  W.  Colby,  1890.  Among  the  active  members  of  the  church  in  its  early  days 
were  Deacons  Ransom  Norton,  Sarson  Chase,  Pelatiah  Gibbs,  William  Sanders, 
John  Elliot,  Charles  Barrell,  Ira  Thompson,  Cyrus  Hamlin,  Henry  Bond, 
Jesse  Kidder,  George  Chandler,  James  and  Mayhew  Chase,  William  Thompson, 
James  Walker,  and  Elder  Thomas  Wyman.  The  first  worshipers  held  their 
services  in  a  barn;  then  for  a  time  they  met  in  a  school-house;  then  they  built 
a  small  meeting-house  in  which  they  worshiped  until  1807,  when  they  erected 
a  new  meeting-house  at  North  Livermore.  The  meeting-house  built  in  1807 
was  burned  in  1847,  and  the  present  one  was  dedicated  in  1848.  In  the 
summer  and  fall  of  1871  this  house  was  thoroughly  repaired,  painted,  and 
carpeted,  and  a  nice  chandelier  was  presented  to  the  church  by  Arad  Thomp- 
son, of  Bangor,  and  Erastus  Thompson,  of  Hopkinton,  Mass.,  son's  of  Deacon 
Ira  Thompson,  of  Livermore. 

The  Second  Baptist  Clmreh^  occupying  the  south  part  of  the  town,  was 
organized  in  1811,  with  17  members.  It  was  gathered  by  the  instrumentality  of 
Elder  Ransom^  Norton,  who  became  its  pastor,  and  continued  here  many  years. 
In  1819  the  members  built  a  house  of  worship,  but  it  was  not  well  located  and 
never  finished.  In  1842  it  was  taken  down  and  rebuilt  about  half  a  mile  north 
of  North  Turner  bridge.  In  1843  the  church  membership  was  35.  Elders 
W.  Foss  and  Martin  Leonard  supplied  a  portion  of  the  time  between  the  years 
1826  and  1838 ;  Elder  William  Johnson  in  1838 ;  Elder  Joseph  Hutchinson  in 
1840  and  1841 ;  in  1842,  Elder  Samuel  Boothby ;  1848,  Levi  Burnham  ;  1850, 
Nathan  Mayhew;  1852,  R.  C.  Storr;  1860,  E.  Richardson;  1864,  R.  B.  Andrews; 


Town  of  Livekmore.  865 


1868,  S.  S.  Wyman;    1869,   1870,   1871,  1872,  1873,  P.   Bond;    1875,  S.  S. 
Wyman  ;  1876,  1877,  A.  H.  Gould;    1879,  1880,  S.  S.  Wyman. 

Methodism.  —  Jesse  Lee  preached  at  the  house  of  Otis  Robinson,  February 
12,  1793,  from  Romans  viii:13:  "For  if  ye  live  after  the  flesh  ye  shall  die." 
The  next  Methodist  sermon  was  preached  at  Deacon  Livermore's  by  Rev. 
Philip  Wager  in  1795,  when  a  class  was  formed.  Deacon  Livermore  gave  it 
hearty  support,  and  from  this  time  there  was  organized  Methodism  here.  In 
1803  Rev.  Joshua  Soule,  then  presiding  elder  and  a  resident  of  the  town  (he 
was  moderator  of  the  annual  town  meeting  in  1812,  member  of  school  com- 
mittee in  1816,  and  for  several  years  an  influential  citizen.  He  was  later 
prominent  in  religious  circles,  and  a  bishop  for  many  years)  organized  a  church 
and  officiated  at  the  first  quarterly  meeting.  This  society  soon  became  strong 
and  a  church  building  was  built  at  the  Centre.  Among  the  early  members 
were:  Deacon  Elijah  Livermore,  wife,  and  daughter;  Samuel  Hillman  ;  Jacob 
Haskell  and  wife  (subsequently  nearly  all  their  children  were  members) ; 
Orrin  Haskell  (for  years  a  prominent  official);  Samuel  Livermore;  Simeon 
Howard;  Captain  Baker;  Nathan  Soule;  Col  Thomas  Chase,  Jr;  John  and 
Abel  Monroe ;  John,  Robert,  and  Abel  Haj^es ;  Nathaniel  Perley  and  wife  ; 
John  Richardson  and  wife;  Mrs  Elisha  Chenery  was  one  of  this  early  band 
and  retained  her  fervor  to  an  ago  of  more  than  90  years  (her  son,  Dr  Elisha 
Chenery,  was  a  member  of  the  East  Maine  Conference);  Philemon  Hewitt  and 
Samuel  Boothby  were  strong  adherents.  Pascal  P.  Morrill,  Francis  A.  and 
Nathan  A.  Soule  also  became  Methodist  preachers.  The  ministers  who 
l)reached  on  this  circuit  prior  to  1865  are  as  near  as  can  be  ascertained:  Revs. 
Joshua  Soule,  John  T.  Adams,  Dr  Henry  Adams,  Samuel  Hillman,  Samuel 
Thompson,  John  Wilkinson,  David  Stimpson,  Aaron  Humphrey,  Eli  Howe, 
Allen  H.  Cobb,  Joshua  Randall,  Charles  Virgin,  Philip  Munger,  George 
Webber,  D.D.,  David  Copeland,  Abel  Alton,  Benjamin  Burnham,  Asa  Greene, 
S.  P.  Blake,  Benjamin  Foster,  Alvah  Hatch,  John  True,  Joseph  Gerry,  James 
Farrington,  Daniel  Dyer,  E.  H.  Gammon,  Samuel  Ambrose,  Daniel  Water- 
house,  Caleb  Mugford,  Joseph  Hawkes,  W.  C.  Stevens,  S.  W.  Pierce,  S.  B. 
Bailey,  S.  S.  Gray,  Isaac  Lord.  From  1865  the  pastors  have  been:  1866,  1867, 
Francis  Grosvenor;  1868,  M.  B.  Cummings;  1869,  Jonathan  Fairbanks;  1871, 
1872,  Thomas  Hillman;  1873,  1874,  H.  B.  Ward  well;  1875,  Thomas  J.  True; 
1876,  William  H.  Trafton;  1877,  1878,  1879,  N.  C.  Clifford;  1880,  Samuel  R. 
Bailey;  1881,  1882,  1883,  Walter  Canham;  1884,1885,1886,  M.  K.  Mabry; 
1887,  1888,  1889,  1890,  C.  M.  Abbott;  1891,  S.  E.  Dunham.  Meetings  have 
been  sustained,  prosperity  and  decline,  and  again  prosperity,  has  been  the  con- 
dition of  the  society,  and  much  good  has  been  accomplished.  The  church  at 
North  Livermore  was  organized  in  June,  1871,  with  27  members  from  the  class 
formed  here  in  1857,  and  the  former  residence  of  Colonel  Stone  was  purchased 
and  remodelled  into  a  convenient  church.      In  1877,  in  the  pastorate  of  Rev. 


866  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

N.  C.  Clifford,  an  appropriate  chapel  was  built  at  Livermore  Village,  and  in 
1878,  through  the  strenuous  labors  of  the  same  pastor,  the  old  church  at  the 
Centre  was  thoroughly  repaired  and  again  occupied.  The  three  churches  were 
valued  in  1886  at  -13,000. 

Universal  ism.  —  During  the  years  before  and  after  1800  there  was  preaching 
in  school-houses  and  dwellings  by  ministers  of  this  faith.  Rev.  Isaac  Root  and 
Rev.  Thomas  Barns  labored  with  fruitful  results.  In  the  town  records  of 
October,  1807,  there  is  a  mention  of  the  "  Universal  Society."  In  1807, 
November  24,  a  society  was  formed ;  Capt.  Samuel  Atwood  was  elected 
moderator;  Dr  Cornelius  Holland,  clerk,  moderator,  and  collector;  and  it  was 
voted  to  raise  money  by  subscription  for  the  support  of  preaching,  and  these 
were  the  subscribers:  Thomas  Bryant,  Cornelius  Holland,  Isaac  King,  Samuel 
Beals,  Ezra  Parker,  John  Worm  well,  Joseph  Horsley,  Daniel  Child,  Asa  Has- 
kell, Joseph  Mills,  Henry  Sawtelle,  Ephraim  Griff eth,  William  Cooper,  Hezekiah 
Bryant,  Simeon  Waters,  Samuel  Atwood,  David  Learned,  Israel  Paul,  Gideon 
Southworth,  John  Leavitt,  John  Griffeth,  Jr,  Abel  Delano,  John  Griffeth, 
David  Morse,  Isaac  Hamlin,  Rouse  H.  Leavitt,  Jonathan  Morse,  John  Turner, 
Samuel  Benjamin,  Jonathan  Bryant,  Jesse  Stone.  Rev.  Mr  Root  preached  a 
part  of  the  time  in  1808-9-10-11,  and  Rev.  Mr  Barns  occasionally.  At  a  parish 
meeting,  March  4,  1809,  Capt.  Simeon  Waters  was  chosen  moderator,  and  Dr 
Holland,  clerk  and  treasurer,  and  voted  to  pay  Mr  Root  f4  a  Sunday.  In 
1814,  voted  to  emplo}'^  a  minister,  and  Abijah  Monroe  and  David  Morse  were 
chosen  to  enofaofe  one  ;  also  voted  to  hold  the  meetings  at  the  school-house,  near 
Dr  Bradford's.  In  1816  Rev.  Mr  Sargeant  preached  for  a  short  time  at  $5  a 
Sunday.  This  year  a  Universalist  convention  was  held  in  the  Baptist  meeting- 
house. In  1817  Dr  Benjamin  Bradford,  Israel  Washburn,  and  Samuel  Beals 
were  committee  to  procure  a  preacher.  May,  1819,  Benjamin  Bradford,  Israel 
Washburn,  and  Capt.  John  Leavitt  were  chosen  a  standing  committee,  and 
Israel  Washburn,  Jesse  Stone,  Reuel  Washburn,  Ebenezer  Hinds,  Jr,  and 
Ephraim  Pray  were  to  make  arrangements  for  the  association  which  was  to  be 
held  in  June.  It  was  also  voted  "that  the  standing  committee  be  empowered 
to  find  a  home  for  our  minister."'  Among  the  ministers  who  preached  between 
1811  and  1819  were  the  Rev.  Thomas  Barns,  Rev.  Mr  Butterfield,  Rev. 
William  Farwell,  and  probably  Rev.  B.  Streeter.  Between  1819  and  1827 
there  was  preaching,  usually  half  of  the  time,  by  Mr  Streeter,  and  the  Revs. 
Wm  A.  Drew,  Jabez  Woodman,  George  Bates,  Sylvanus  Cobb,  and  others. 

In  1827  measures  were  taken  for  the  building  of  a  church,  and,  September 
8,  a  parish  meeting  was  held;  William  H.  Brettun  was  elected  moderator,  and 
Dr  Bradford,  clerk.  Otis  Pray,  Jesse  Stone,  William  H.  Brettun,  Isaac  Strick- 
land, Ebenezer  Hinds,  Jr,  Daniel  Coolidge,  and  Daniel  Briggs  were  appointed 
to  fix  on  a  suitable  site  for  a  meeting-house,  estimate  the  expense,  and  ascertain 
the  number  that  would  assist  in  defraying  it;    and  two  weeks  were  allowed 


Town  of  Livermore.  867 


them  to  make  their  report.  At  the  adjournment  it  was  voted  "that  the  most 
suitable  site  for  the  meeting-house  is  between  the  dwelling-houses  of  Israel 
Washburn  and  Otis  Pray."  October  6,  Ebenezer  Hinds,  Jr,  Abner  Holman, 
Reuel  Washburn,  Henry  Aldrich,  and  Simeon  Waters  were  made  a  committee 
to  appraise  the  pews.  The  meeting  was  adjourned  to  October  20,  when  a 
building  committee,  Henry  Aldrich,  Benjamin  Bradford,  and  Otis  Pray  was 
appointed.  The  house  was  completed  by  the  spring  of  1829,  and,  June  18, 
the  church  at  the  Norlands  was  dedicated,  the  Rev.  William  A.  Drew  preaching 
the  sermon  from  John  ii:16.  The  house  had  a  capacity  for  seating  400 
persons,  was  of  fine  proportions,  and  was  surmounted  by  a  graceful  spire. 
The  church  was  repaired  in  1839,  under  the  direction  of  Ebenezer  Hinds,  Jr, 
Otis  Pray,  and  Samuel  P.  Holman,  and,  in  1850,  Otis  Pray,  Daniel  Briggs,  and 
M.  M.  Stone  were  the  committee  "to  repair  the  building." 

After  the  erection  of  the  church  its  pulpit  was  supplied  by  Messrs  Bates 
and  Drew  and  Rev.  Seth  Stetson  until  1832.  Rev.  Jeremiah  Stoddard  was 
the  minister  in  1832  and  1833,  Rev.  Jabez  Woodman  in  1834  and  1836,  Rev. 
George  Bates  in  1835.  Rev.  George  W.  Quimby  was  settled  as  pastor  in  1837 
and  remained  four  years.  In  1839  Rev.  Mr  Quimby,  Israel  Washburn,  and 
Clarendon  Waters  were  a  committee  to  report  a  constitution  and  by-laws  for 
the  parish.  Rev.  Ezekiel  Vose  succeeded  Mr  (Quimby  in  1840  and  was  pastor 
until  1843,  when  Rev.  Robert  Blacker,  of  Norridgevvock,  was  called  to  the 
pastorate,  continued  until  1850.  Rev.  Frederic  Foster  was  his  successor  until 
1855.  From  1855  until  1874  the  preachers  were  Revs  W.  R.  French,  D.  T. 
Stevens,  and  O.  H.  Johnson.  In  1873  the  church  was  thoroughly  repaired. 
Changes  in  the  line  of  travel,  in  business,  and  in  the  residence  of  members 
made  the  building  of  a  church  at  the  village  necessary.  Without  any  division 
or  secession  of  members,  but  that  better  accommodations  might  be  secured,  a 
handsome  church  with  a  vestry  in  the  basement  was  erected  in  1869.  It  was 
dedicated  in  November,  1869,  the  Rev.  Amory  Battles,  of  Bangor,  preaching 
the  sermon.  A  fine-toned  bell  was  hung  in  1870,  and  a  good  organ  was 
obtained  by  the  active  exertions  of  the  ladies  of  the  parish.  Maj.  Isaac 
Strickland,  Col  Lee  Strickland,  Col  Silas  Morse,  Orison  Rollins,  Esq.,  Hiram 
Briggs,  Charles  Springer,  William  Pollard,  William  H.  Bennett,  Sumner  and 
Richard  Morse,  Palmer  Elliot,  Sumner  Soule,  N.  Turner,  S.  Phillips,  and 
others  took  an  active  interest  in  the  erection  of  this  church.  Since  1875  the 
society  has  been  ministered  to  by  Rev.  William  Pratt,  Rev.  A.  J.  Aubrey,  Rev. 
R.  B.  Davis,  Rev.  H.  C'.  Munson,  Rev.  W.  R.  French,  and  others. 

Adventists.  —  A  small  number  hold  to  the  tenets  of  this  faith  and  meetings 
are  held.  They  have  been  considered  a  society  since  1859.  Rev.  D.  H. 
Kilbreth  is  a  resident  of  the  town. 

Temperance  societies  have  been  well  sustained  and  the  Good  Templars 
have  of  late  years  maintained  two  lodges. 


8G8  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Dr  Cyrus  Hamlin  was  the  first  physician  and  erected  his  house  where  "  The 
Norlands  "  stands.  He  married  Anna,  daughter  of  Deacon  Livermore ;  she 
died  August  25,  1852.  He  was  moderator  of  the  town  meeting  in  1795. 
When  the  people  of  Livermore  wished  him  to  settle  among  them,  they  could 
not  promise  him  business  enough  to  support  him,  but  agreed  that  he  and  his 
horse  should  be  taken  care  of  gratuitously,  so  for  one  year  he  boarded  around 
like  the  country  schoolmaster.  When  the  county  of  Oxford  was  established, 
Dr  Hamlin  was  the  first  clerk  of  the  court,  and  in  1805  removed  to  Paris,  the 
county  seat,  became  sheriff,  and  died  in  1829.  His  children  were :  Hon.  Elijah 
Livermore  Hamlin,  born  in  Livermore,  March  29,  1800,  in  the  house  built 
by  his  father  and  afterwards  purchased  by  Israel  Washburn.  He  was  graduated 
from  Brown  Universit}^  in  1819,  and  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a  repre- 
sentative and  senator  in  the  state  legislature  from  Livermore,  member  of  the 
executive  council,  state  land  agent,  and  mayor  of  Bangor;  in  1854  he  was  U.  S. 
commissioner  under  the  treaty  with  Great  Britain  to  define  the  fishing  limits 
between  the  two  countries.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  education,  and  his  probity 
of  character  and  genial  disposition  made  him  universally  respected  and  beloved. 
He  died  in  ]>angor  in  1872.  Ci/rtis,  born  1802,  graduated  as  M.D.  from 
Bowdoin  in  1828,  settled  at  Calais,  and  died  in  1839.  Eliza.  Anna,  born 
1805,  married  Hon.  Daniel  Brown,  of  Waterford.  Vesta,  born  1808,  married 
Dr  Job  Holmes,  of  Calais.  Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Paris, 
August  27,  1809,  and  died  July  4,  1891,  at  Bangor.  He  located  in  Hampden 
as  a  lawyer,  but  later  removed  to  Bangor.  He  was  one  of  Maine's  most 
distinguished  and  honored  sons.  He  was  representative  to  the  legislature  in 
1836,  1837,  1838,  1839,  1840,  and  1847;  speaker  of  the  house  in  1837,  1839, 
and  1840;  aid-de-camp  to  Governor  John  Fairfield  in  1839;  representative  to 
the  28th  and  29th  Congresses  in  1843  to  1847;  U.  S.  senator  1848  to  1856; 
governor  in  1857;  U.  S.  senator  in  1857  to  1861;  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States  1861  to  1865;  collector  of  the  port  of  Boston  in  1865  and  1866;  U.  S. 
senator  in  1869  to  1881;  minister  to  Spain  in  1881,  resigned  in  1883,  and 
returned  to  Bangor.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Colby 
University  in  1869.     Hannah,  married  Dr  T.  B.  Townsend. 

Dr  Cornelius  Holland  practiced  here  a  few  years  after  1805.  He  after- 
wards settled  at  Canton.  He  was  a  fine  physician  and  prominent  in  affairs  of 
state  and  nation.  He  was  state  senator  from  Oxford  county  two  terms,  and 
thrice  elected  representive  to  the  U.  S.  Congress.  He  died  in  Canton,  June  2, 
1870,  aged  nearly  87  years.  Dr  Benjamin  Preseott  succeeded  Dr  Hamlin.  He 
was  the  first  postmaster.  He  remained  until  1809,  when  he  sold  his  house  to 
Dr  Benjamin  Bradford,  a  native  of  Turner,  who  moved  to  Livermore  in 
August  of  that  year,  and  was  a  resident  until  his  death  in  May,  1864,  aged  80 
years.  As  a  physician  he  was  careful  and  judicious,  and  had  a  large  and 
successful  practice ;   as  a  man  he  was  genial,  wise,  and  of  rare  humor ;  as  a 


Town  of  Livermore.  869 


citizen,  useful  and  honored.  He  was  the  second  postmaster,  and  treasurer  of 
town  over  half  a  century.  He  was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  Maine 
legislature  from  Livermore,and  in  1841  was  a  member  of  the  executive  council, 
and  was  much  esteemed  by  Governors  Lincoln  and  Kent.  He  was  notable  for 
his  good  sense  and  remarkable  conversational  powers,  and  was  the  centre  of 
the  social  circle.  He  married  Martha  Bisbee,  who  died  in  18G3.  Of  his  13 
children  these  survived  iiim :  Flora  (Mrs  Merritt  Coolidge)  ;  Osca  (Mrs  John 
W.  Bigelow,  of  Livermore  ;  Celia,  Mrs  Elisha  Coolidge;  Henry  ^ow(7,  farmer, 
who  resided  on  the  old  place,  and  was  town  treasurer  many  years ;  Martha^ 
Mrs  Joseph  Locke ;    AI{/ernon  Sidney,  a  farmer  in  Minnesota. 

Physicians.  —  Dr  Timothy  Hoive  came  about  1814,  and  afterwards  moved  to 
Turner,  where  he  was  prominent.  His  son,  Timothy  0.  Howe,  was  born  in  Liver- 
more,  February  24,  1816,  passing  his  childhood  in  Turner.  He  was  educated 
to  the  bar  and  emigrated  to  Wisconsin  after  1845,  and  settled  at  Green  Bay, 
where  he  practiced  law  with  success,  and  was  judge  of  the  circuit  and  supreme 
courts  five  years.  From  1861  to  1879  he  was  U.  S.  senator  from  Wisconsin. 
Soon  after  this  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  IT.  S.  commissioners  to  the  Inter- 
national Monetary  Congress  at  Paris  by  President  Garfield,  and  in  December, 
1881,  he  was  made  postmaster-general  by  President  Arthur,  where  he  did  most 
excellent  work  until  his  death,  March  25,  1883.  He  was  an  active  Republican 
and  a  leader  in  all  public  matters  in  his  state.  Dr  S.  B.  Morison  was  in 
practice  at  the  village  for  several  years  and  surgeon  in  the  2d  Me.  Drs 
Barnard,  William  Brown,  Albert  L.  Frye,  J.  W.  Bridgham,  John  Ladd,  and 
I.  G.  Bunham  have  been  physicians  in  the  town.  Dr  Ladd  died  in  April,  1888; 
he  had  practiced  medicine  30  years.  Br  Adams  was  here  for  a  few  years.  Br 
Eli  Edgecoynh,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Sally  Edgecomb,  was  born  in  Livermore, 
in  August,  1811,  receiving  his  medical  degree  at  Bowdoin  College,  May  9, 
1841.  After  years  of  practice  he  located  at  Livermore  in  1883.  He  was  a 
member  of  Maine  Medical  and  Androscoggin  Medical  Associations,  and  has 
been  president  and  secretary  of  the  latter.     He  died  in  October,  1891. 

Lawyers. —  The  earliest  lawyers  were  Strong,  Jonathan  G.  Hunton, 

Ezra  Kingman,  Asa  King,  Harry  Wood,  and  Richard  Belcher,  but  their  stay 
here  was  but  for  a  few  years.  For  Reuel  Washburn  (see  page  315).  For 
Seth  D.  Washburn  (see  page  329).  Barzillai  Streeter  was  here  for  a  short  time 
before  1840. 

Education.  —  Livermore  people  from  the  first  were  interested  in  knowledge. 
The  best  works  of  standard  authors  passed  from  hand  to  hand.  Deacon 
Elijah  Livermore,  General  Learned,  Artemas  Leonard,  Dr  Cyrus  Hamlin,  Dr 
Bradford,  and  Israel  Washburn  were  good  talkers,  and  often  the  old  store  or 
office  of  the  public  house  would  be  packed  with  people,  as  quiet  as  if  at  a 
lecture,  to  hear  them  talk  of  the  books  they  had  read,  the  subjects  treated  of, 
their  ideas  upon  them,  the  merits  of  the  authors,  the  news  in  the  Boston  and 


870  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Portland  papers,  which  came  to  two  or  three.  Goldsmith's  public  house  of 
"The  Deserted  Village"  well  illustrates  these  occasions.  And  if  they  did 
discuss  "news  older  than  their  ale,"  it  was  news  to  the  listeners  and  not  lost 
upon  them.  As  soon  as  circumstances  admitted  a  "Social  Library"  was 
provided,  in  which  valuable  works  of  history  and  travel  filled  the  larger  space. 
This  was  kept  at  Dr  Bradford's,  and  the  choice  selection  in  his  private  librar}^ 
was  at  the  service  of  the  people.  At  the  first  town  meeting  £40  was  voted 
for  the  support  of  schools,  and  Elisha  Williams,  Samuel  Benjamin,  and  Ransom 
Norton  were  chosen  a  committee  to  divide  the  town  into  school  districts.  In 
1796  a  committee  was  appointed  to  take  the  number  of  scholars  in  each  district. 
In  1801  the  inhabitants  voted  to  raise  1900  to  build  school-houses,  that  the 
school-houses  in  each  district  be  built  "  not  less  than  20  feet  by  20  and  8  feet 
stud  with  a  hipped  roof  with  6  foot  Ridgepole."  One  built  early  in  the 
century  was  described  as  "an  old-fashioned  square  building  with  a  hipped 
roof,  and  unpainted.  There  were  two  enormous  fire-places,  where  wood,  which 
cost  nothing  then  but  the  hauling,  was  burned  at  the  rate  of  about  a  cord  a 
day."  Ma}^  9,  1803,  Elijah  Livermore,  Cyrus  Hamlin,  and  Nathaniel  Perley 
were  chosen  to  petition  the  General  Court  to  sell  the  school  lands.  In  1807 
the  town  gave  the  trustees  of  the  school  fund  the  control  of  the  interest  to 
expend  for  a  school  the  present  year.  In  1810  it  was  voted  to  divide  the 
school  money  according  to  the  number  of  scholars  in  each  district  under  21 
years  of  age.  The  teachers  were  well  qualified,  did  good  work  The  spelling 
and  speaking  schools  and  debating  clubs  of  that  day  were  of  more  benefit  to 
the  scholars  than  the  base-ball,  tennis,  and  gymnastics  of  this  enlightened  age. 
At  the  present  time  there  are  17  school  districts,  and  a  Union  district  (with 

Jay)- 

Livermore,  especially  that  portion  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Norlands, 
attracted  attention  at  an  early  day  from  its  favorable  situation  and  exquisite 
beauty  of  landscape.  Gen.  David  Learned  and  Dr  Cyrus  Hamlin  settled  here 
and  built  capacious  residences  in  the  last  century.  Both  were  prominent  and 
influential  men,  and  on  the  organization  of  Oxford  county  Gen.  Learned  was 
appointed  sheriff,  and  Dr  Hamlin  clerk  of  the  courts.  As  Dr  Hamlin's 
appointment  necessitated  his  removal  to  the  county  seat  (Paris),  his  Livermore 
home  became  the  property  of  Israel  Washburn  in  1809,  and  in  the  house  built 
by  the  doctor  all  Mr  Washburn's  children  were  born.  Hon.  Elijah  Livermore 
Hamlin,  long  prominent  in  Maine  politics,  son  of  Dr  Hamlin,  was  here  born. 
(Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin  was  born  a  few  months  after  Dr  Hamlin  moved  to 
Paris.)  At  the  Norlands  and  in  its  immediate  neighborhood  many  prominent 
men  have  resided.  Among  them  were  Dr  Cornelius  Holland,  the  successor  of 
Dr  Hamlin  as  a  physician,  who  later  lived  in  Canton,  and  was  four  years 
member  of  Congress;  Hon.  Jonathan  G.  Hunton,  afterwards  governor  of 
Maine;    Dr  Benjamin   Bradford,  member  of    the   executive  council;    Simeon 


Town  of  Livermore.  871 


Waters  and  Israel  Washburn,  Sen.,  many  times  members  of  the  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts;  Dr  Benjamin  Prescott,  a  distinguished  physician;  Gen. 
Publius  R.  R.  Pray,  who  became  judge  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals  in  Mississippi;  and  other  notabilities. 

WaMiini  3Iemorial  Library,  erected  at  the  Norlands  in  honor  of  their 
father  and  mother  by  Hon.  Elihu  B.  Washburn  and  Gen.  W.  D.  Washburn, 
was  dedicated  August  27,  1884.  It  is  32x48  feet  in  size,  built  of  Hallowell 
granite  in  the  Gothic  architecture,  is  beautifully  frescoed  inside,  and  is 
admirably  adapted  to  its  purpose;  cost  *|10,000,  and  has  alcoves  for  7,000 
volumes.  The  library  of  5,000  volumes  is  free  to  the  people  of  the  territory 
of  the  original  town  of  Livermore.  W.  P.  Washburn,  Esq.,  is  librarian.  A 
gallery  of  portraits  of  prominent  citizens  and  early  settlers  is  connected.  vVt 
the  time  of  the  dedication  the  portraits  of  these  people  were  on  the  walls: 
Israel  Washburn,  Sen.,  Mrs  Israel  Washburn,  ex-Governor  Israel  Washburn, 
Jr,  A.  S.  Washburn,  ex-Governor  C.  C.  Washburn,  Gen.  W.  D.  Washburn, 
Hon.  Reuel  Washburn,  Dr  Benjamin  Bradford,  Capt.  Otis  Pray,  Hon.  Cornelius 
Holland,  David  Benjamin,  Mrs  David  Benjamin,  Samuel  Morison,  Mrs  Samuel 
Morison,  Dr  Cyrus  Hamlin,  Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin.  Many  articles  of  great 
historical  value  are  here  preserved.  Among  them  are  the  saddle  and  spurs 
used  by  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  during  the  Civil  War,  and  the  inkstand  used  by 
Generals  Grant  and  Lee  when  signing  the  terms  of  Lee's  capitulation.  They 
were  given  to  Hon.  Elihu  B.  Washburn  by  General  Grant. 

Civil  List. — 1795 — Samuel  Hillman,  clerk;  David  Learned,  Sylvanus  Boardman,  Pelatiah  Gibbs, 
selectmen.  179(>  —  Samuel  Ilillman,  clerk;  David  Learned,  Sylvanus  Boardman,  Thomas  Chace, 
selectmen.  1797  —  Cyrus  Hamlin,  clerk;  David  Learned,  Hanes  Learned,  Isaac  Livermore,  selectmen. 
1798  —  Cyrus  Hamlin,  clerk;  Isaac  Livermore,  Abijah  Muuroe, Daniel  Clark, selectmen.  1799  —  Elislia 
Williams,  clerk;  Uenjamin  True,  David  Learned,  Abijah  Munroe,  selectmen.  1800— David  Learned, 
clerk;  Abijah  Munroe,  Nathaniel  Perley,  Pelatiah  Gibbs,  Peter  Hanes,  Uriah  Foss,  selectmen.  1801  — 
David  Learned,  clerk;  Sylvanus  Boardman,  Nathaniel  Perley,  Pelatiah  Gibbs,  Samuel  Benjamin, 
Uriah  Foss,  selectmen.  1802  — David  Learned,  clerk;  Pelatiah  Gibbs,  James  Starbird,  Nathaniel 
Perley,  Samuel  Benjamin,  Jesse  Stone,  selectmen.  1803—  Nathaniel  Perley,  clerk;  David  Learned, 
Jesse  Stone,  Samuel  Benjamin,  selectmen.  1804 — Sarson  Chace,  clerk;  Jesse  Stone,  Nathaniel 
Perley,  Samuel  Benjamin,  selectmen.  1805  —  Sarson  Chace,  clerk;  Jesse  Stone,  Nathaniel  Perley, 
Simeon  Waters,  selectmen.  180G  —  Sarson  Chace,  clerk;  Jesse  Stone,  Simeon  Waters,  Nathaniel 
Perley,  selectmen.  1807  —  Sarson  Chace,  clerk;  Simeon  Waters,  Nathaniel  Perley,  Jacob  Gibbs, 
selectmen.  1808  —  Sarson  Chace,  clerk;  Nathaniel  Perley,  Jesse  Stone,  Peter  Hanes, selectmen.  1809  — 
Simeon  Waters,  clerk;  Nathaniel  Perley,  Peter  Hanes,  Thomas  Chase,  Jr,  selectmen.  1810 — Simeon 
Waters,  clerk;  Nathaniel  Perley,  Jesse  Stone,  William  Morison,  selectmen.  1811 — Thomas  CJhase, 
Jr,  clerk;  Nathaniel  Perley,  William  ^Morison,  Samuel  Livermore,  selectmen.  1812 — Thomas  Chase, 
Jr,  clerk;  Nathaniel  Perley,  Samuel  Livermore,  William  Morison,  selectmen.  1813  —  Israel  Wash- 
burn, clerk;  Samuel  Livermore,  William  Morison,  Samuel  Atwood,  selectmen.  1814-1815  —  Israel 
Washburn,  clerk;  Nathaniel  Perley,  Ebenezer  Turner,  Samuel  Atwood,  selectmen.  1816  —  Israel 
Washburn,  clerk;  Nathaniel  Perley,  Ebenezer  Turner,  Ira  Thompson,  selectmen.  1817  —  Simeon 
Waters,  clerk;  Jesse  Stone,  Peter  Haines,  Israel  Washburn,  selectmen.  1818  —  Simeon  Waters,  clerk; 
Israel  Washburn,  Aaron  Barton,  Zebulon  Norton,  selectmen.  1819  —  Simeon  Waters,  clerk;  Israel 
Washburn,  Amos  Hobbs,  Zebulon  Norton,  selectmen.  1820-1821  —  Charles  Barrell,  clerk;  Zebulon 
Norton,  Amos  Hobbs,  Josiah  Hobbs,  selectmen.  1822-1823  —  Charles  Barrell,  clerk;  Zebulon  Norton, 
Amos  Hobbs,  John  Leavitt,  selectmen.  1824  — Charles  Barrell,  clerk;  Zebulon  Norton,  John  S.  Stone, 
John  Leavitt,  selectmen.    1825-1826  —  Thomas  Chase,  Jr,  clerk;  Zebulon  Norton,  Josiah  Cutler,  John 


872  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


Leavitt,  selectmen.  1827-1828  — Charles  Barrell,  clerk;  Zetulon  Norton,  Ephraim  Pray,  John  Leavitt, 
selectmen.  182!)  — George  Bates,  clerk;  Zebulon  Norton,  Samuel  Morison,  John  Strickland,  select- 
men. 1830  —  Reuel  Washburn,  clerk;  John  Leavitt,  Samuel  Morison,  John  Strickland,  selectmen. 
1831  — Reuel  "Washburn,  clerk;  Zebulon  Norton,  Amos  Hobbs,  John  Strickland,  selectmen.  1832  — 
James  Chase,  clerk:  Zebulon  Norton,  Ebenezer  Turner,  John  Strickland,  selectmen.  1833  —  Tristram 
Hilhnan,  clerk;  John  Leavitt,  Samuel  INlorison,  John  Strickland,  selectmen.  1834— Tristram 
Hillman,  clerk;  Zebulon  Norton,  Amos  Hobbs,  John  Strickland,  selectmen.  1835  —  Tristram  Hillman, 
clerk;  Zebulon  Norton,  Samuel  Morison,  John  Strickland,  selectmen.  1836  —  Tristram  Hillman, 
clerk;  Zebulon  Norton,  Aaron  Barton,  Jr,  John  Strickland,  selectmen.  1837-1838-1839  — Tristram 
Hillman,  clerk;  John  Strickland,  Aaron  Barton,  Jr,  Hezekiah  Atwood,  selectmen.  1840-1841-1842- 
lji43  —  Tristram  Hillman,  clerk;  Hezekiah  Atwood,  Aaron  Barton,  Jr,  Isaac  Strickland,  selectmen. 
1844.  —  Tristram  Hillman,  clerk;  Hezekiah  Atwood,  Isaac  Strickland,  Josiah  Hobbs,  selectmen.  1845  — 
Tristram  Hillman,  derk;  Hezekiah  Atwood,  Josiah  Hobbs,  Sylvester  Norton,  selectmen.  1846  — 
Robert  Blacker,  clerk;  Isaac  Strickland,  Matthew  M.  Stone,  Ulmer  Perley,  selectmen.  (Hezekiah 
Atwood  was  chosen  April  27,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  Mr  Strickland's  moving  into  Turner.) 
1847-1848  —  John  Munroe,  Jr,  clerk;  Hezekiah  Atwood,  John  Strickland,  Sylvester  Norton,  selectmen. 
1849-1850 — John  Munroe,  Jr,  clerk;  John  Strickland,  Sylvester  Norton,  Stephen  Leavitt,  selectmen. 
1851  — John  Munroe,  Jr,  clerk;  Sylvester  Norton,  Stephen  Leavitt,  Daniel  Briggs,  selectmen.  1852  — 
John  Munroe,  Jr,  clerk;  John  Strickland,  Daniel  Briggs,  Granville  Childs,  selectmen.  1853 — John 
Munroe,  clerk;  Hezekiah  Atwood,  Isaac  Strickland,  Tristram  Hillman,  selectmen.  1854  —  Salathiel 
Tilton,  clerk;  Hezekiah  Atwood,  Isaac  Strickland,  Tristram  Hillman,  selectmen.  1855  —  Charles  W. 
Fuller,  clerk;  Tristram  Hillman,  John  Munroe,  Jr,  Clarendon  Waters,  selectmen.  1856-1857  — 
Salathiel  Tilton,  clerk;  Isaac  Strickland,  Clarendon  Waters,  Stephen  Leavitt,  selectmen.  1858-1859  — 
Salathiel  Tilton,  clerk;  Tristram  Hillman,  Sewall  M.  Norton,  Cyrus  Soper,  selectmen.  1860—  Salathiel 
Tilton,  clerk;  Tristram  Hillman,  Cyrus  Soper,  Franklin  Gibbs,  selectmen.  1861  —  Salathiel  Tilton, 
clerk;  Tristram  Hillman,  Cyrus  Soper,  J.  D.  Thompson,  selectmen.  1862  —  Salathiel  Tilton,  clerk; 
Lee  Strickland,  Cyrus  Soper,  J.  D.  Thompson,  selectmen.  1863 —  Salathiel  Tilton,  clerk;  Cyrus  Soper, 
Orison  Rollins,  J.  B.  Goding,  selectmen.  1864-1865  —  Salathiel  Tilton,  clerk;  Orison  Rollins,  A.  C. 
Harlow,  John  White,  selectmen.  1866-1867  — S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  T.  Hillman,  Cyrus  Soper,  Sumner 
Soule,  selectmen.  1868  — S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  T.  Hillman,  Clarendon  Waters,  John  A.  Hayes,  select- 
men. 1869— S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  Cyrus  Soper,  John  A.  Hayes,  Lewis  M.  Wing,  selectmen.  1870  — 
S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  Cyrus  Soper,  Henry  Bradford,  Lewis  M.  Wing,  selectmen.  1871  —  S.  F.  Perley, 
clerk;  Cyrus  Soper,  John  A.  Hayes,  G.  B.  Strickland,  selectmen.  1872  —  S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  Cyrus 
Soper,  J.  A.  Hayes,  C.  W.  Fuller,  selectmen.  1873  — S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  Orison  Rollins,  G.  B.  Strick- 
land, William  H.  Thompson,  selectmen.  1874-1875-1876  — S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  C.  W.  Fuller,  William 
II.  Thompson,  A.  H.  Strickland,  selectmen.  1877  —  S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  Cyrus  Soper,  J.  D.  Thomi^sou, 
E.  L.  Philoon,  selectmen.  1878-1879— S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  Cyrus  Soper,  George  T.  Piper,  Millett 
Cummings,  selectmen.  1880— S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  G.  B.  Strickland,  E.  L.  Philoon,  J.  N.  Atwood, 
selectmen.  1881  —  S.  F.  Perley,  clerk;  E.  L.  Philoon,  J.  N.  Atwood,  L.  B.  Thompson,  selectmen. 
1882  — G.  B.  Strickland,  clerk;  E.  L.  Philoon,  J.  N.  Atwood,  L.  B.  Thompson,  selectmen.      1883  —  G. 

B.  Strickland,  clerk;  J.  N.  Atwood,  W.  H.  Thompson,  Sidney  Boothby,  selectmen.  1884  —  G.  B. 
Strickland,  clerk;  G.  B.  Strickland,  W.  F.  Fuller,  Millett  Cummings,  selectmen.  1885-1886  — C.  E. 
Knight,  clerk;  G.  T.  Piper,  Charles  Pike,  I.  T.  Munroe,  selectmen.  1887  — William  N.  Bennett,  clerk; 
G.  T.  Piper,  Charles  Pike,  I.  T.  Munroe,  selectmen.  1888  — W.  N.  Bennett,  clerk;  I.  T.  Munroe,  A.  G. 
Timberlake,  E.  Pratt,  selectmen.  1889  — W.  N.  Bennett,  clerk;  William  Pratt,  William  Thompson, 
Calvin  R.  Leach,  selectmen.    1890-1891  — W.  N.  Bennett,  clerk;  Edward  Pratt,  William  H.  Thompson, 

C.  R.  Leach,  selectmen. 


Appendix.  873 


APPENDIX. 


KNIGHTS  OF  PYTHIAS. 

By  Benjamin  Tappan  Chase, 
Past  Grand  Chancellor  and  Supreme  Kepresentative. 

THIS  order  was  founded  in  Washington,  D.  C,  February  19,  1864.  The 
founder  of  the  order  was  Justus  Henry  Rathbone,  born  in  Deerfield, 
N.  Y.,  October  29,  1839;  died  at  Lima,  Ohio,  December  9,  1889.  This 
flourishing  and  rapidly  increasing  beneficial  order  was  founded  and  based  on 
the  ancient  story  of  Damon  and  Pythias;  its  tenets  and  objects  are,  and 
always  will  be,  friendship,  charity,  and  benevolence,  in  the  truest,  highest,  and 
noblest  sense.  March  15, 1871,  the  first  Knights  of  Pythias  lodge  in  the  state 
of  Maine  —  Mavoshen,No.  1, —  was  instituted  at  Biddeford,  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  Richmond  H.  IngersoU  of  that  city,  soon  after  appointed  Deputy 
Grand  Chancellor  for  Maine,  by  Supreme  Chancellor  Samuel  Read. 

Through  the  persistent  efforts  of  John  Francis  Hamlet  (superintendent  of 
Lewiston  Mills),  Lysander  Cooper  (an  overseer  in  the  Lewiston  Mills),  and 
John  Franklin  Berry  (an  overseer  in  the  Androscoggin  Mills),  who  were 
members  of  the  order,  the  second  lodge  in  the  state  and  the  first  in  Andros- 
coggin county  was  instituted  at  Lewiston,  May  5,  1871,  by  Grand  Chancellor 
Stillman  S.  Davis,  of  Nashua,  N.  H.  (afterwards  Supreme  Chancellor),  assisted 
by  Deputy  Grand  Chancellor  Richmond  H.  IngersoU,  of  Biddeford,  Me.  This 
lodge  was  named  and  chartered  Iiuha^fr//^  No.  iF,  of  Lewiston.  For  over  eight 
years  the  members  of  Industry  Lodge  carried  the  Pythian  banner  and  practiced 
Pythian  principles  in  Androscoggin  county,  alone  and  single  handed,  with  no 
sister  lodge  to  assist  them,  for  the  second  lodge  in  the  county  (Enterprise., 
No.  22,  of  Auburn,)  was  not  instituted  until  December  11,  1879.  Pythian 
tenets  and  teachings,  however,  were  becoming  better  known,  and  notwith- 
standing the  existence  of  older  beneficial  organizations  in  different  sections  of 
the  county,  the  excellent  work  of  Industry  Lodge  and  the  Pythian  enthusiasm 
of  the  members  of  Enterprise  Lodge  began  to  be  felt  and  appreciated  and  new 
interest  was  awakened,  culminating  two  months  later  (February  19,  1880,)  in 
the  institution  of  Mount  David  Lodge.,  No.  23,  of  Lewiston.  Since  then  the 
Pythian  growth  in  Androscoggin  county  has  been  conservative  and  most 
gratifying  to  the  followers  of  and  believers  in  Pythianism,  six  additional 
lodges  having  been  instituted,  as  follows:  February  18,  1881,  Cohimhia,  No.  26, 
at  Lisbon  Falls;  February  26,  1884,  Eureka,  No. 48,  at  Auburn;  December  18, 
1885,  St  Elmo,  No.  65,  at  Mechanic  Falls;    April  5,  1888,  Port  Royal,  No.  62, 


874  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

at  Livermore  Falls;  March  13,  1891,  Major  Leavift,  No.  74,  at  North  Turner; 
May  11,  1891,  Netv  Auhurn,  No.  75.,  at  Auburn.  July  1,  1891,  these  nine 
lodges  had  an  aggregate  membership  of  948,  and  cash  assets  of  110,380.71,  and 
owned  other  property  of  the  value  of  •15,853.30.  From  May  5,  1871,  when 
Industry  Lodge,  No.  2,  was  instituted,  up  to  July  1,  1891,  the  Knights  of 
Pythias  lodges  in  Androscoggin  county  had  paid  out  for  sick  and  funeral 
benefits  f  17,205. 32.  The  following  is  a  brief  roster  and  history  of  these  nine 
Pythian  lodges,  in  the  order  of  their  institution:  — 

Industry,  No.  2,  of  Lewiston;  instituted  May  5,  1871,  in  Grand  Army 
Hall,  corner  of  Lisbon  and  Pine  streets,  by  Grand  Chancellor  Stillman  S. 
Davis,  of  Nashua,  N.  H.  (afterward  Supreme  Chancellor),  assisted  by  Deputy 
Grand  Chancellor  Richmond  H.  Ingersoll,  of  Biddeford  (who,  July  9,  1872, 
was  elected  the  first  Grand  Chancellor  of  Maine).  This  was  the  first  Knights 
of  Pythias  lodge  in  Androscoggin  county  and  its  organization  was  due  to  the 
influence  and  work  of  John  Francis  Hamlet,  Lysander  Cooper,  and  John 
Franklin  Berry,  all  members  of  Industry  Lodge,  No.  72,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(which  surrendered  its  charter  in  June,  1880).  Becoming  residents  of  Lewis- 
ton,  believing  in  Pythian  principles  and  desiring  a  Pythian  lodge  which  they 
could  attend,  Messrs  Hamlet,  Cooper,  and  Berry  withdrew  from  Industry 
Lodge,  No.  72,  November  14,  1870,  and  the  following  May  succeeded  in 
starting  a  new  lodge  in  Lewiston,  a  large  proportion  of  the  charter  members 
being  emplo3^es  in  the  Lewiston  and  Androscoggin  Mills.  This  new  lodge  was 
named  Industry,  in  honor  of  the  mother  lodge  of  Messrs  Hamlet,  Cooper,  and 
Berry.  The  lodge  continued  to  meet  in  Grand  Army  Hall,  corner  of  Lisbon 
and  Pine  streets,  until  August  1,  1871, —  the  date  of  its  last  meeting  in  that 
hall.  Having  leased  for  a  term  of  years  the  hall  and  anterooms  in  the  third 
story  of  Union  Block  on  Lisbon  street  and  properly  fitted  and  furnished  them, 
tlie  lodge  moved  into  and  held  its  first  meeting  in  its  new  quarters,  which  they 
named  Pythian  Hall,  August  8,  1871.  They  occupied  and  held  their  meetings 
in  this  hall  until  February  1,  1882,  when  they  moved  into  their  new  Pythian 
Hall  in  College  Block,  on  Lisbon  street,  which  Industry  and  Mount  David 
Lodges  had  jointly  leased  for  a  term  of  five  years  from  February  1,  1882. 
Industr}^  Lodge  held  its  first  meeting  in  this  new  hall,  which  had  been  finely 
fitted  and  furnished  by  the  two  lodges,  on  February  7,  1882,  and  has  continued, 
up  to  the  present  time,  to  meet  on  Tuesday  evening  of  each  week,  in  this 
Pythian  Hall,  which  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  state. 

Charter  Members  :  Miles  Avery,  Albert  A.  Barker,  Horace  C.  Beal,  John  F.  Berry,  Chellis 
O.  Collins,  Lysander  Cooper,  Menander  Dennett,  George  Flye,  John  G.  Hamilton,  John  G.  Hamlet, 
John  Holt,  Barnum  Jones,  Charles  M.  Jones,  Gideon  P.  Lowell,  George  W.  Maxfield,  Freeman  H. 
Merrill,  Henry  Morrill,  Alfred  J.  Morse,  Forrest  Nelson,  Frank  S.  Peabody,  Alden  D.  Peasley;  James 
H.  Peasley,  Francis  R.  Perkins,  John  Porter,  Timothy  B.  Rowell,  John  Y.  Scruton,  Nathaniel  E. 
Skelton,  Hiram  Snow,  Palmer  O.  Spinney,  Andrew  J.  Stackpole,  Daniel  M.  Stearns,  Fernando  C. 
Tarr,  Justus  S.  Wheeler.  First  Officers:  Venerable  Patriarch,  Timothy  B.  Rowell;  Worthy  Chan- 
cellor, John  F.  Hamlet;   Vice  Chancellor,  Lysander  Cooper;  Recording  Scribe,  Menander  Dennett; 


Appendix.  875 

Financial  Scribe,  George  W.  Maxfield;  Banker,  Alfred  J.  Morse;  Guide,  Charles  Jones;  Inner  Steward, 
Alson  Lothrop;  Outer  Steward,  Chellis  O.  Collins.  At  the  session  of  the  Supreme  Lodge  held  at 
Baltimore,  Md,  in  April,  187'2,  the  names  and  titles  of  the  officers  of  a  subordinate  lodge  were  changed, 
as  follows:  Venerable  Patriarch  to  Past  Chancellor;  Worthy  Chancellor  to  Cliancellor  Commander; 
Vice  Chancellor  to  remain  the  same;  Prelate,  a  new  officer  to  perform  the  duties  formerly  prescribed 
for  the  office  of  Venerable  I'atriarch;  Recording  Scribe  to  Keeper  of  Records  and  Seal;  Financial  Scribe 
to  Master  of  Finance;  Banker  to  Master  of  Exchequer;  Guide  to  Master  at  Arms;  Inner  Steward  to 
Inner  Guard;  Outer  Steward  to  Outer  Guard.  Officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge.  —  From  the  Past  Chan- 
cellors of  Industry  Lodge  have  been  elected  the  following  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine: 
Nicholas  R.  Lougee,  who  was  the  first  Grand  Banker  (now  known  as  Grand  Master  of  Exchequer)  of 
the  Grand  Lodge  and  who  was  elected  a  Past  Grand  Chancellor  at  the  session  of  1874;  Joseph  J.  Davis, 
who  was  elected  Grand  Outer  Guard  at  the  session  of  1875;  Charles  Donovan,  who  was  elected  Grand 
Inner  Guard  at  the  session  of  1875,  and  Grand  Prelate  at  the  session  of  1876,  but  who  is  not  now  a 
member  of  the  lodge;  William  F.  Garcelon,  who  was  elected  Grand  Chancellor  at  the  session  of  1880, 
and  who  died  at  Riverside,  Cal.,  March  9,  1884;  Emery  Bailey,  who  was  elected  Grand  Prelate  at  the 
session  of  1888.  Permanent  Members  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  Past  Chancellors.  —  At  this  date  (July  1, 
1891,)  Industry  Lodge  has  two  permanent  members  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  viz.:  Past  Grand  Chancellor 
Nicholas  R.  Lougee  and  Past  Grand  Prelate  Emery  Bailey;  and  has  on  its  rolls  the  following  Past 
Chancellors:  Calvin  M.  Bane,  Horace  C.  Beal,  Samuel  Black,  John  1).  Bubier,  Levi  T.  Butler,  George 
W.  Cappers,  Leroy  H.  Chipman,  Nathan  K.  Cobb,  Frank  A.  Conant,  Joseph  J.  Davis,  John  A.  Dilling- 
ham, Hiram  F.  Dolbier,  William  W.  Drake,  George  Ehrenfried,  Samuel  H.  Foster,  A.  Lincoln  French, 
Edwin  A.  Flinn,  Albert  H.  Given,  Lewis  E.  Heckler,  William  F.  Kidder,  Henry  W.  Longley,  Scott 
Maxwell,  Freeman  H.  Merrill,  Edgar  McAllister,  George  W.  Meserve,  James  S.  Morgan,  Charles  H. 
Perkins,  Noel  B.  Potter,  William  Pulverman,  Osgood  Ramsdell,  Abel  A.  Shorey,  James  T.  Small, 
Charles  H.  Smith,  Napoleon  B.  Stockbridge,  Fernando  C.  Tarr,  Ethan  S.  Tillson,  Edgar  W.  Wash- 
burn, Stephen  H.  West.  Grand  Representatives  in  order  of  service:  Francis  R.  Perkins,  Nicholas  R. 
Lougee,  Joseph  J.  Davis,  Charles  H.  Perkins,  Charles  Donovan,  William  F.  (Jarcelon,  Ethan  S. 
Tillson,  Charles  H.  Smith,  Fernando  C.  Tarr,  Emery  Bailey,  Hiram  F.  Dolbier,  Nathan  H.  Cobb, 
Horace  C.  Beal,  James  T.  Small,  George  W.  Cappers,  Stephen  H.  West,  Napoleon  B.  Stockbridge, 
Edgar  W.  Washburn,  A.  Lincoln  French,  Noel  B.  Potter.  Present  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Lewis  E. 
Heckler;  C.  C,  William  F.  Coombs;  V.  C,  Wallace  W.  Buck;  P.,  Lynn  W.  Buck;  K.  of  R.  and  S., 
Noel  B.  Potter;  M.  of  F.,  Hiram  F.  Dolbier;  M.  of  E.,  Henry  T.  Haskell,  M.  at  A.,  Daniel  C.  Lown; 
I.  G.,  Lewis  E.  Davis;  O.  G.,  Adelbert  Tarbox. 

Enterprise,  No.  22,  of  Auburn  ;  instituted  December  11, 1879,  in  Pythian 
Hall,  in  Union  Block,  on  Lisbon  street,  Lewiston,  by  Grand  Chancellor  Charles 
M.  Moses,  of  Biddeford,  assisted  by  Past  Grand  Chancellors  Richmond  H. 
Ingersoll,  of  Biddeford,  and  Benjamin  T.  Chase,  then  of  Bridgton.  It  was  a 
new  enterprise  to  start  a  Knights  of  Pythias  lodge  in  Auburn,  a  city  full  of 
business  enterprise,  and  when  instituted  Enterprise  was  adopted  as  the  most 
appropriate  name.  The  lodge  met  in  Pythian  Hall,  Lewiston,  until  March  3, 
1880,  when  they  held  their  first  meeting  in  Odd  Fellows  Hall,  in  Goff  Block, 
in  Auburn,  which  hall  the}'  had  hired  for  one  night  a  week;  this  was  their 
Pythian  home  until  the  latter  part  of  1880,  when  the  entire  third  floor  of 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Block,  on  Court  street,  was  leased  for  a  term  of  years,  and  having 
been  nicely  fitted  and  furnished,  the  lodge  held  its  first  meeting  in  its  new  hall 
on  December  8,  1880,  where  it  has  continued  to  meet  on  Wednesday  evening 
of  each  week. 

Charter  Members:  Benjamin  K.  Barrows,  William  W.  Beal,  Granville  Blake,  Joseph  W. 
Bryant,  William  H.  Curtis,  James  C.  Drew,  Alberto  H.  Gee,  Nathan  W.  Harris,  Roscoe  M.  Jordan, 
James  H.  Knight,  Alvah  Leighton,  Andrew  M.  Peables,  Royal  H.  Pettengill,  Frederick  H.  L.  Sleeper, 
Seth  C.  Yeaton.  First  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Seth  C.  Yeaton;  C.  C,  Nathan  W.  Harris;  V.  C,  James 
C.  Drew;  P.,  Roscoe  M.  Jordan;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  William  H.  Curtis;  M.  of  F.,  Alvah  Leighton;  M. 
of  E.,  Granville  Blake;  M. at  A.,  Joseph  W.  Bryant;  I.  G.,  William  W.  Beal;  O.  G.,  James  H.  Knight. 


876  History  of  Androscoggin  County. 

Officer  of  the  Gi-and  Lodge.  — From  the  Past  Chancellors  of  Enterprise  Lodge  has  been  elected  one 
officer  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  viz.,  Granville  Blake,  who  was  elected  Grand  Vice  Chancellor  at  the  session 
of  1887.  Permanent  Member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  Past  Chancellors.  —  At  this  date  (July  1,  1891,) 
Enterprise  Lodge  has  one  permanent  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  viz.,  Past  Grand  Vice  Chancellor 
Granville  Blake;  and  has  on  its  rolls  the  following  Past  Chancellors:  R.  Frank  Bickford,  Lionel  O. 
Brackett,  Joseph  VV.  Bryant,  West  M.  Dunn,  Arthur  W.  Emerson,  William  W.  (toss,  Daniel  Guthrie, 
Nathan  W.  Harris,  Albion  C.  Hayford,  George  G.  Heath,  James  H.  Knight,  Wallace  Mitchell,  Fred  C. 
Mower,  Frank  O.  Norris,  Alton  O'Brion,  Charles  B.  Payson,  Andrew  M.  Peables,  Royal  H.  Pettengill, 
George  B.  Smith,  Rotheus  W.  Taylor,  Clark  M.  Verrill,  Horace  A.  Verrill,  Herbert  E.  Willis,  William 
E.  Yeaton,  Julius  E.  Young.  Grand  Representatives,  in  order  of  service:  Roscoe  M.  Jordan,  Andrew 
M.  Peables,  James  C.  Drew,  Seth  C.  Yeaton,  Granville  Blake,  R.  Frank  Bickford,  Horace  A.  Verrill, 
Rotheus  "W.  Taylor,  George  G.  Heath,  Wallace  Mitchell,  George  B.  Smith,  Julius  E.  Young,  Alton 
O'Brion,  Clark  M.  Verrill.  Present  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  William  W.  Goss;  C.  C,  Lemuel  E.  Bente; 
V.  C,  Charles  L.  McKenney;  P.,  Paine  Haskell;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Cyrus  M.  Dunn;  M.  of  F.,  Everett 
G.  Locke;   M.  of  E.,  Eugene  H.  Hodgkin;   M.  at  A.,  Frank  E.  Donnell;   I.  G.,  George  H.  Maxwell; 

0.  G.,  Lincoln  A.  Lewis. 

Mount  David,  No.  23,  of  Lewiston;  instituted  February  10,  1880,  in 
Pythian  Hall,  in  Union  Block,  on  Lisbon  street,  by  Past  Grand  Chancellor 
Benjamin  T.Chase,  then  of  Bridgton,  as  acting  Grand  Chancellor.  This  lodge 
was  named  for  that  elevation  in  the  city  of  Lewiston  known  as  "Uncle  David's 
Mountain."  The  lodge  continued  to  meet  in  Pythian  Hall,  in  LTnion  Block, 
until  February  1,  1882,  when  they  moved  into  the  new  Pj^thian  Hall  in  College 
Block.  Mount  David  Lodge  held  its  first  meeting  in  this  new  hall  on  February 
2,  1882,  where  it  still  meets  on  Thursday  evening  of  each  week. 

Charter  Members:  John  W.  Bibber,  William  C.  Brooks,  Frank  T.  Farrin,  Isaac  S.  Faunce, 
Harvey  S.  Garcelon,  Josiah  F.  Getchell,  William  G.  Haskell,  Preston  S.  Laughton,  Isaiah  Merrill, 
Israel  B.  Merrill,  John  Sabin,  Burleigh  C.  Sprague,  Charles  W.  Tliomas,  Edward  Webb,  Francis  P. 
Weymouth,  ITred  H.  White,  James  W.  Wilson,  George  C.  Young.  First  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  John 
W.  Bibber;  C.  C,  Preston  S.  Laughton;  V.  C,  John  Sabin;  P.,  Harvey  S.  Garcelon;  K.  of  R.  and  S., 
Charles  W.  Thomas;  M.  of  F.,  George  C.  Young;  M.  of  E..  James  W.  Wilson;  M.  at  A.,  Isaac  S. 
Faunce;  I.  G.,  Edward  Webb;  O.  G.,  Isaiah  Merrill.  Officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge.  —  From  the  Past 
Chancellors  of  Mount  David  Lodge  have  been  elected  the  following  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge:  Jolin 
Sabin,  elected  Grand  Prelate  at  the  session  of  1881;  Preston  S.  Laughton,  elected  Grand  Prelate  at  the 
session  of  1882,  and  who  died  at  Lewiston,  September  23, 1890.  Permanent  Member  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
and  Past  Chancellors. — At  this  date  (July  1, 1891,)  Mount  David  Lodge  has  one  permanent  member  of 
the  Grand  Lodge,  viz..  Past  Grand  Prelate  John  Sabin;  and  has  on  its  rolls  the  following  Past  Chan- 
cellors: Edward  I.  Brackett,  Albert  W.  Chase,  Harry  A.  Coffin,  Frank  E.  Crane,  Albion  K.  P.  Harvey, 
D.  Horace  Holman,  William  H.  Holman,  Robie  C.  Haskell,  Charles  A.  Hildreth,  Isaac  B.  Isaacson, 
Samuel  P.  Irving,  Charles  D.  Lemont,  Henry  Sabine,  Fred  E.  Smith,  David  S.  Waite,  Edward  Webb. 
Grand  Representatives  in  order  of  service:  Burleigh  C.  Sprague,  John  W.  Bibber,  Preston  S.  Laughton, 
Harvey  S.  Garcelon,  Edward  Webb,  D.  Horace  Holman,  Henry  Sabine,  Charles  D.  Lemont,  Edward  I. 
Brackett,  Fred  A.  Hall,  Samuel  P.  Irving,  Fred  E.  Smith.  Present  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Albion  K. 
P.  Harvey;  C.  C,  Elmer  C.  Teague;  V.  C,  Howard  A.  Teague;  P.,  Edward  E.  Grant;  K.  of  R.  and  S., 
Fred  E.  Smith;  M.  of  F.,  George  H.  Little;  M.  of  E.,  Fred  A.  Hall;  M.  at  A.,  George  M.  Kavanaugh; 

1.  G.,  Albert  E.  Foss;  O.  G.,  Coney  W.  Morse. 

Columbia,  No.  26,  of  Lisbon  Falls,  instituted  February  18,  1881,  in  Maine 
Central  Hall,  by  Grand  Chancellor  William  F.  Garcelon,  of  Lewiston,  assisted 
by  Past  Grand  Chancellor  Benjamin  T,  Chase,  then  of  Bridgton.  Named 
Columbia,  in  honor  of  the  discoverer  of  America. 

Charter  Members:  Ausbon  Booker,  Charles  M.  Bowie,  Hilliard  D.  Bowie,  David  Dearnley, 
Stewart  D.  Douglass,  Stephen  A.  Estes,  Harris  Ginsburg,  Irving  T.  Ham,  Vincent  A.  Hogan,  Abraham 
H.  Hoyle,  James  Hoyle,  Fred  C.  Johnson,  Sumner  F.  Littlefield,  Stephen  C.  Metcalf,  Charles  H.  Reid, 
John  C.  Scates,  Fred  A.  Small,  Harvey  J.  Smith,  Lorenzo  E.  Wade,  George  F.  Webber.    First  Officers: 


Appendix.  877 

Sitting  P.  C,  Abraham  H.  Hoyle;  C.  C,  George  F.Webber;  V.  C,  Ausbon  Booker;  P.,  James  Hoyle; 
K.  of  R.  and  S.,  John  C.  Scates;  M.  of  F.,  Lorenzo  E.  Wade;  M.  of  E.,  Charles  M.  Bowie;  M.  at  A.» 
Charles  H.  Reid;  I.  G.,  Fred  A.  Small;  O.  G.,  Stewart  D.  Douglass.  Officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge.— 
From  the  Past  Chancellors  of  Columbia  Lodge  have  been  elected  the  following  officers  of  the  Grand 
Lodge:  George  N.  Pratt,  who  was  elected  Grand  Outer  Guard  at  the  session  of  1890;  Charles  F. 
Hackett,  who  was  elected  Grand  Outer  Guard  at  the  session  of  1891.  Past  Chancellors.  —At  this  date 
(July  1, 1891,)  Columbia  Lodge  has  on  its  rolls  the  following  Past  Chancellors:  Ausbon  Booker,  David 
Dearnley,  Isaac  H.  Douglass,  Stephen  A.  Estes,  Boothroyd  Fearnley,  Henry  Frow,  Elmer  E.  Gordon, 
Charles  F.  Hackett,  Vincent  A.  Hogan,  James  J.  lUingsworth,  Thomas  Illingsworth,  Fred  C.  Johnson, 
Sumner  F.  Littlefield,  George  H.  Mclntoch,  George  N.  Pratt,  Charles  H.  Reid,  Charles  Schofleld,  John 
Taylor,  Sumner  C.  Winslow.  Grand  Representatives  in  order  of  service:  Abraham  H.  Hoyle,  Fred  C. 
Johnson,  William  A.  Lewis,  Sumner  F.  Littlefleld,  Charles  H.  Reid,  Charles  Schofleld,  Charles  F. 
Hackett,  James  J.  Illingsworth,  Ausbon  Booker,  David  Dearnley,  Sumner  C.  Winslow.  Present 
Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  George  H.  Mclntoch;  C.  C,  Irving  L.  Mclntoch;  V.  C,  Harris  Ginsburg;  P., 
Walter  Corliss;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Boothroyd  Fearnley,  M.  of  F.,  Henry  Frow;  M.  of  E.,  David  Dearnley; 
M.  at  A.,  Elmer  E.  White;  I.  G.,  William  D.  Hall;  O.  G.,  Howard  N.  Chase. 

Eureka,  No.  48,  of  Auburn;  instituted  February  26,  1884,  in  Pythian 
Hall,  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Block,  on  Court  street,  by  Grand  Keeper  of  Records  and 
Seal  Joseph  F.  Chute,  of  Portland,  as  Acting  Grand  Chancellor,  assisted  by 
members  of  Industry,  No.  2,  of  Lewiston,  Enterprise,  No.  22,  of  Auburn,  and 
Mount  David,  No.  23,  of  Lewiston.  History  informs  us  that  when  the  ancient 
and  celebrated  mathematician,  Archimedes,  discovered  the  principle  of  specific 
gravity  that  he  ran  home,  exclaiming,  "Eureka!  Eureka!"  "I  have  found  it. 
I  have  found  it."  This  lodge  takes  its  name  from  that  Archimedean  exclama- 
tion. The  lodge  has  continued,  up  to  the  present  time,  to  meet  in  Pythian 
Hall,  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Block,  on  Friday  evening  of  each  week. 

Charter  Members:  Walter  H.  Brown,  George  W.  Chase,  George  H.  Cobb,  Alonzo  Conant, 
Fred  L.  Conant,  Henry  F.  Conant,  Frank  W.  Davis,  Samuel  H.  Dill,  E.  Willis  Foss,  Anson  Oilman, 
Charles  A.  Oilman,  Edwin  F.  Goss,  Clifford  Hutchinson,  Charles  A.  Jordan,  Charles  M.  Lander, 
Addison  A.  Miller,  Frank  E.  Millett,  Nathaniel  M.  Neal,  James  W.  Peables,  Charles  S.  Yeaton.  First 
Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Frank  W.  Davis;  C.  C,  Anson  Oilman;  V.  C,  Nathaniel  M.  Neal;  P.,  Charles 
M.  Lander;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Charles  A.  Jordan;  M.  of  F.,  Charles  S.  Yeaton;  M.  of  E.,  Addison  A. 
Miller;  M.  at  A.,  George  H.  Cobb;  I.  G.,  Clifford  Hutchinson;  O.  (i.,  Frank  E.  Millett.  Officer  of  the 
Grand  Lodge.  —  From  the  Past  Chancellors  of  Eureka  Lodge  has  been  elected  one  officer  of  the  Grand 
Lodge,  viz.,  George  H.  Cobb,  who  was  elected  Grand  Prelate  at  the  session  of  1889.  Permanent 
Member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  Past  Chancellors. — At  this  date  (July  1,  1891,)  Eureka  Lodge  has  one 
permanent  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  viz.,  Past  Grand  Prelate  George  H.  Cobb;  and  has  on  its  rolls 
the  following  Past  Chancellors:  E.  Fred  Bisbee,  John  C.  Blake,  D.  Clinton  Childs,  Frank  W.  Davis, 
Samuel  H.  Dill,  Albion  C.  Foss,  Henry  C.  French,  Anson  Oilman,  Frank  Hartwell,  Ansel  W. 
Hutchins,  Frank  E.  Millett,  Nathaniel  M.  Neal,  James  W.  Peables,  Alvin  Phillips,  Edgar  J.  Riker. 
Aretus  A.  Rowell,  Albert  R.  Savage.  Grand  Representatives  in  order  of  service:  James  W.  Peables, 
Albert  R.  Savage,  Anson  Oilman,  Alvin  Phillips,  George  H.  Cobb,  Edgar  J.  Riker,  Henry  C.  French, 
John  C.  Blake.  Present  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Aretus  A.  Rowell;  C.  C.  Horace  C.  Whitman;  V.  C, 
Eugene  M.  Mayberry;  P.,  George  B.  Hodgdon;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Frank  E.  Millett;  M.  of  F.,  Fred  A. 
Whiting;  M.  of  E.,  Warren  E.  Riker;  M.  at  A.,  Carrol  E.  Bailey;  I.  G.,  Active  H.  Corliss;  O.  G., 
Owen  H.  Winslow. 

Saint  Elmo,  No.  55,  of  Mechanic  Falls;  instituted  December  18,  1885,  in 
Bucknam's  Hall,  by  Past  Grand  Chancellor  Montgomery  S.  Gibson,  of  Port- 
land, as  acting  Grand  Chancellor,  assisted  by  Grand  Vice  Chancellor  Enoch 
C.  Farrington,  of  Fryeburg,  and  by  members  of  Industry,  No.  2,  of  Lewiston, 
Enterprise,  No.  22,  of  Auburn,  Mount  David,  No.  23,  of  Lewiston,  and  Eureka, 
No.  48,  of  Auburn.     This  lodge  takes  its  name  from  that  famous  fortress  and 


History  of  Androscoggin  County. 


castle  of   Saint  Elmo,  which  once  protected  and   now  looks  down  upon  the 
beautiful  city  and  bay  of  Naples. 

Charter  Members:  Edwin  H.  Damon,  Charles  H.  Dvvinal,  Ronello  C.  Dwinal,  Elmer  A. 
Faunce,  H.  Greeley  Gerrish,  Herbert  A.  Gerry,  Albert  H.  S.  Hall,  Elijah  C.  Heath,  Frank  B.  Jordan, 
Clarence  E.  Lemos,  B.  Frank  Lunt,  Randall  F.  Mayberry,  Elmer  E.  Morton,  Corra  J.  Packard,  Jason 
B.  Perry,  H.  Eugene  Pettie,  Frank  O.  Purington,  Henry  S.Rich,  Edwin  A.  Storer,  William  H.  Storer, 
Lafayette  Tenney,  George  B.  Verrill.  First  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  B.  Frank  Lunt;  C.  C,  Frank  B. 
Jordan;  V.  C,  Jason  B.  Perry;  P.,  Elijah  C.  Heath;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  H.  Eugene  Pettie;  M.  of  F., 
Randall  F.  Mayberry;  M.  of  E.,  Frank  O.  Purington;  M.  at  A.,  Henry  S.  Rich;  I.  G.,  Elmer  A. 
Faunce;  O.  G.,  Corra  J.  Packard.  Past  Cfiancellors.  —  At  this  date  (July  1,  1891,)  Saint  Elmo  Lodge 
lias  on  its  rolls  the  following  Past  Chancellors:  Andrew  W.  Bridge,  Oliver  C.  Bridge,  Wallace  W. 
Dennen,  Charles  H.  Dwinal,  William  R.  Farris,  Frank  B.  Jordan,  B.  Frank  Lunt,  William  H.  Lunt, 
Randall  F.  Mayberry,  Fred  H.  McDonald,  W.  Irving  Merrill,  Dinion  B.  Perry,  Jason  B.  Perry,  H. 
Eugene  Pettie,  Frank  O.  Purington,  Henry  S.  Rich,  Albert  E.  Robinson.  Grand  Representatives  in 
order  of  service:  B.  Frank  Lunt,  Frank  B.  Jordan,  Jason  B.  Perry,  Henry  S.  Rich,  Albert  E.  Robin- 
son, Andrew  W.  Bridge,  Oliver  C.  Bridge.  Present  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Fred  H.  McDonald;  C.  C, 
Maurice  C.  B.  Prince;  V.  O.,  Frank  R.  Harmon;  P.,  Liuwood  L.  Merrill;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Ernest  F. 
Smith;  M.  of  F.,  Frank  L.  Davis;  M.  of  E.,  Charles  N.  Burns;  M.  at  A.,  George  A.  Goodwin;  I.  G., 
Harry  A.  Edgecomb;  O.  G.,  George  N.  Stowe. 

Port  Royal,  No.  62,  of  Livermore  Falls;  instituted  April  5,  1888,  in 
Grand  Army  Hall,  at  Livermore  Falls,  by  Grand  Chancellor  George  W.  Hesel- 
ton,  of  Gardiner.  Named  Port  Royal  in  honor  of  the  original  name  of  the 
township  of  Livermore.     This  lodge  meets  every  Thursday  evening. 

Charter  Members:  David  F.  Blunt,  Alonzo  M.  Bumpas,  Edwin  Edgecomb,  Frank  M. 
Hacker,  Frank  J.  Lindsey,  Seriah  S.  Locklin,  Clinton  Newman,  John  N.  Parker,  Samuel  E.  Perkins, 
Charles  E.  Putnam,  Houghton  H.  Putnam,  Fred  E.  Richards,  Albert  H.  Stertivent,  Gilbert  A.  Thomp- 
son, (ieorge  F.  Wood.  First  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Samuel  E.  Perkins;  C.  C,  Alonzo  M.  Bumpas; 
V.  C,  Fred  E.  Richards;  P.,  Edwin  Edgecomb;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Seriah  S.  Locklin;  M.  of  F.,  David 
F.  Blunt;  M.  of  E.,  Clinton  Newman;  M.  at  A.,  Charles  E.  Putnam;  I.  G.,  Frank  M.  Hacker;  O.  G., 
John  N.  Parker.  Past  Chancellors.  —  At  this  date  (July  1, 18!)1,)  Port  Royal  Lodge  has  on  its  rolls  the 
following  Past  Chancellors:  Alonzo  M.  Bumpas,  Edwin  Edgecomb,  Clinton  Newman,  Samuel  E. 
Perkins,  Houghton  H.  Putnam,  Fred  E.  Richards,  Albert  H.  Timberlake.  Grand  Representatives  in 
order  of  service:  Samuel  E.  Perkins,  Houghton  H.  Putnam,  Alonzo  M.  Bumpas,  Clinton  Newman, 
Edwin  Edgecomb.  Present  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Fred  E.  Richards;  C.  C,  Charles  E.  Putnam;  V.  C, 
Jesse  H.  Soule;  P.,  Charles  K.  Campbell;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Rosalvin  J.  Mitchell;  M.  of  F.,  Frank  L. 
Jewell;  M.  of  E.,  George  F.  Wood;  M.  at  A.,  Frank  M.  Campbell;  I.  G.,  John  L.  Cummings;  O.  G., 
Charles  E.  Lawler. 

Major  Leavitt,  No.  74,  of  North  Turner;  instituted  March  13,  1891,  in 
Keene's  Hall,  by  Grand  Chancellor  Luther  B.  Roberts,  of  Portland,  assisted  by 
Past  Grand  Chancellor  Benjamin  T.  Chase,  and  Past  Grand  Prelate  Emery 
Bailey,  of  Auburn.  Named  Major  Leavitt,  in  honor  of  Major  Archibald  D. 
Leavitt,  of  the  16th  Maine  Inft.,  who  was  mortally  wounded  at  Laurel  hill, 
Va,  May  24,  1864,  and  died  in  Douglass  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C,  May  30, 
1864.  Major  Leavitt  was  born  in  Turner,  July  15,  1840,  and  while  a  student 
in  Waterville  College,  with  two  of  his  classmates,  raised  a  company  of  which 
he  was  elected  captain.  August  14,  1862,  he  was  mustered  in  as  captain  of 
Co.  E;  16th  Maine,  and  January,  1863,  was  promoted  to  major  of  the  regiment. 
"  He  died  as  he  had  lived,  a  pure  patriot  and  a  true  Christian,  leaving  as  his 
last  message,  'Tell  my  friends  I  have  always  tried  to  do  my  duty.'" 

Charter  Members:  Edgar  E.  Adkins,  John  M.  Adkins,  Elton  D.  Bailey,  Walter  B.  Beals, 
Harry   W.  Brown,  Robert   S.  Brown,  Charles  A.  Dresser,  Francis  T.  Faulkner,   Frank  S.  French, 


Appendix.  879 

Charles  L.  Grant,  Arthur  S.  Green,  Ernest  W.  Harris,  Sumner  A.  Holmes,  Richard  G.  House,  Crawford 
H.  Humphrey,  Amos  N.  Leavitt,  Archibald  D.  Leavitt,  Rackley  D.  Leavitt,  Fernando  Mason,  Frank 
A.  Merrill,  Henry  Morriss,  Charles  S.  Parcher,  Edward  E.  Parker,  Rodman  J.  Pearson,  George  Phil- 
brick,  Elisha  Pratt,  J.  Frank  Quimby,  Albion  L.  Robinson,  Ezekiel  V.  Stevens,  George  S.  Stevens, 
Charles  B.  Sylvester,  P^dward  B.  Tinkham,  Thomas  A.  Tunney.  First  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Ezekiel 
V.  Stevens;  C.  C,  Elisha  Pratt;  V.  C,  Henry  Morriss;  P.,  Rackley  D.  Leavitt;  K.  of  R.  and  S., 
Archibald  D.  Leavitt;  M.  of  F.,  Ernest  W.  Harris;  M.  of  P:.,  Walter  B.  Beals;  M.  at  A.,  J.  Frank 
Quimby;  I.  G.,  Charles  L.  Grant;  O.  G.,  Crawford  H.  Humphrey.  Past  Chancellors.  — At  this  date 
(July  1, 1891,)  Major  Leavitt  Lodge  has  on  its  rolls  the  following  Past  Chancellors:  Francis  T.  Faulkner, 
Elisha  Pratt,  Ezekiel  V.  Stevens.  Grand  Represent alwes  in  order  of  service:  Ezekiel  V.  Stevens, 
Francis  T.  Faulkner.  Present  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Elisha  Pratt;  C.  C,  Henry  Morris;  V.  C,  Rackley 
D.  Leavitt;  P.,  J.  Frank  Quimby;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Archibald  D.  Leavitt;  M.  of  F.,  Ernest  W.  Harris; 
M.  of  E.,  Walter  B.  Beals;  M.  at  A.,  Edward  E.  Parker;  I.  G.,  Charles  L.  Grant;  O.  G.,  Crawford  H. 
Humphrey. 

New  Auburn,  No.  75,  of  Auburn,  instituted  May  11,  1891,  in  Pythian 
Hall,  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Block,  Court  street,  by  Grand  Chancellor  Luther  B. 
Roberts,  of  Portland,  assisted  by  Past  Grand  Chancellor  Benjamin  T.  Chase 
and  Past  Grand  Prelate  Emery  Bailey,  of  Auburn,  and  by  the  officers  and 
members  of  Industiy,  No.  2,  of  Levviston,  Enterprise,  No.  22,  of  Auburn, 
Mount  David,  No.  23,  of  Lewiston,  and  Eureka,  No.  48,  of  Auburn.  With 
two  exceptions,  all  the  charter  members  were  residents  in  that  part  of  the  city 
now  known  as  New  Auburn,  and  as  the  lodge  was  to  be  located  there  it  was 
named  New  Auburn,  to  indicate  its  location.  May  16,  1891,  the  lodge  leased 
the  hall  in  the  block  corner  of  Third  and  Pulsifer  streets  for  a  term  of  years 
from  June  1,  1891,  and  while  it  was  being  changed  and  im[)roved  cf)ntinued  to 
hold  its  meetings  in  Pytliian  Hall  on  Court  street  until  June  11,  1891,  on  which 
evening  it  held  its  first  meeting  in  its  new  hall.  The  lodge  now  meets  every 
Monday  evening  in  its  new  hall. 

Charter  Members:  Burt  L.  Alden,  William  Ashton,  Benjamin  F.  Beals,  Charles  C.  Blanchard, 
John  H.  Booth,  Albion  L.  Brackett,  Charles  P.  Brown,  Manning  J.  Burkett,  Benjamin  T.  Chase, 
Russell  Daggett,  Wirt  V.  Daggett,  George  P.  Day,  Horace  C.  Day,  Albert  Duckworth,  Fred  C.  Gray, 
Isaac  N.  Haskell,  William  A.  Hilton,  Willard  E.Jackson,  Lucellus  D.Leadbetter,  Simeon  B.  Leonard, 
Theophilus  Libby,  William  Lothrop,  Lester  E.  Mace,  Thomas  Marsden,  Elmer  McFarland,  Elroy  L. 
Moody,  Albert  M.  Penley,  Burton  L.  Pitman,  George  W.  Proctor,  Nathaniel  C.  Small,  John  Small, 
Charles  Smith,  Harvey  J.  Smith,  Lewis  P.  Snow,  Charles  J.  Taylor.  (Of  these  charter  members, 
Harvey  J.  Smith  was  a  charter  member  of  Columbia  Lodge,  No.  26,  of  Lisbon  Falls,  from  which  lodge 
he  withdrew  May  8, 1801.)  First  Officers:  Sitting  P.  C,  Horace  C.  Day;  C.  C,  Harvey  J.  Smith;  V.  C, 
William  Lothrop;  P.,  Thomas  Marsden;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Burton  L.  Pitman;  M.  of  F.,  Burt  L.  Alden; 
M.  of  E.,  Simeon  B.  Leonard;  M.  at  A.,  William  A.  Hilton;  I.  G.,  Albert  Duckworth;  O.  G.,  Elroy  L. 
Moody.  Officer  of  the  Grand  Lodge.  —  Past  Grand  Chancellor  Benjamin  T.  Chase  was  a  charter  member 
of  Highland  Lodge,  No.  10,  of  Bridgton,  which  was  instituted  February  17, 1874,  and  was  its  first  O.  C; 
was  admitted  to  the  Grand  Lodge  February  4,  1875;  was  elected  Grand  Master  at  Arms  at  the  session 
of  1876;  elected  Grand  Chancellor  at  the  session  of  1877;  re-elected  Grand  Chancellor  at  the  session  of 
1878;  withdrew  from  Highland  Lodge  May  8,  1891;  became  a  charter  member  of  New  Auburn  Lodge, 
No.  75,  at  its  institution.  May  11,  1891;  elected  Supreme  Representative  at  the  session  of  the  Grand 
liodge  held  May  20,  1891,  for  the  term  commencing  January  1,  1892,  and  ending  December  .31,  1895. 
Permanent  Member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  Past  Chancellors.  — At  this  date  (July  1, 1891,)  New  Auburn 
Lodge  has  one  permanent  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  viz..  Past  Grand  Chancellor  Benjamin  T.  Chase; 
and  has  on  its  rolls  the  following  Past  Chancellors:  Horace  C.  Day,  Albert  M.  Penley,  Harvey  J. 
Smith.  Grand  Representatives  in  order  of  service:  Albert  M.  Penley,  Horace  C.  Day.  Present  Officers: 
Sitting  P.  C,  Harvey  J.  Smith;  C.  C,  William  Lothrop;  V.  C,  Thomas  Marsden;  P.,  William  A. 
Hilton;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Benjamin  T.  Chase;  M.  of  F.,  Burt  L.  Alden;  M.  of  E.,  Sinieon  B.  Leonard; 
M.  at  A.,  Fred  C,  Gray;  I.  G.,  Elroy  L.  Moody;  O.  G.,  Burton  L.  Pitman. 


0    559,