Full text of "A history of Anne Arundel County in Maryland : adapted for use in the schools of the county"

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A HISTORY

O F

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY,

IN MARYLAND.

* * # *

Adapted for Use in the Schools of the County.

# # # # *

By ELIH.U S, RILEY,,

Charles G. Felpjieyee. Publisher,

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND.

J905.

IPUBLIC LIBRARY

6331

»STO«. LtNOX **C

TILDEK ' ••■'•ONS.
19-.3

Copyrighted, 1905, byELiHU s. Riley.

Press "\

Kl.\<.

City Hal

CONTENTS.

The Settlement op Maryland

The Founding of St. Mary's

CHAPTER FIRST.

CHAPTER SECOND.

CHAPTER THIRD.
The Erection op St. Mary's and Kent Counties

CHAPTER FOURTH.
Life Amongst the Early Settlers op Maryland

CHAPTER FIFTH.

The Administration of Margaret Brent

CHAPTER SIXTH.

Mu;yland a Prototype op England ......

CHAPTER SEVENTH.
The Settlement op Anne Arundel County .....

CHAPTER EIGHTH.
The Courts of Anne Arundel Established .....

'fUAl TSR NINTH: ' '
The Puritans Refuse to Send Delegates: Tr'/wJE Legislature of 1651 .

CHAPTER TVXTH'.
The First Settlers of Anne Akimh.i. < ;..>, v'i s "'•"■.'' * .

CHAPTER ELEVENTH.
The Animosities of the Old World Transplanted in the New .

CHAPTER TWELFTH.
Providence Sends a Petition to the Commissioners of the Commonwealth

CHAPTER THIRTEENTH.
Cromwell's Commissioners Reduce Maryland ....

Page
1

111

IV CONTENTS.

Prko
CHAPTER FOURTEENTH.

The Battle of the Severn ......... :it

CHAPTER FIFTEENTH.
The Strong Characters in Anne Arundel Force the Hand of Government . . 41

CHAPTER SIXTEENTH.
The Religious Element in the County and the Development of Anne Arundel . 4'J

CHAPTER SEVENTEENTH.
Anne Arundel Refuses to Sanction the Overthrow of Lord Baltimore's Govern-
ment ............ 46

CHAPTER EIGHTEENTH.

The Religious Element in Anne Arundel from the Protestant Revolution to the

American Revolution — 1689-1770 ........ 4'.i

CHAPTER NINETEENTH.
Patriotism in Anne Arundel . . ... . . . . 55

CHAPTER TWENTIETH.
Annapolis Becomes the Chief City of the Province . .... 61

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIRST.

Strange Antics of Visiting Provincial Commissioners . . . . .04

CHAPTER TWENTY-SECOND.
"The Athens of America" ......... 69

CHAPTER TWENTY-THIRD.
A Quaint Incident that Led to Important Results ..... 73

CHAlrrER.TAVF.N i;.Y .F.QTTRTH.
Anne Arundel During the Revolvti. >n -w;\ \\ \i. ■■'

CH A PT E I: T ; W E3J T : Y ■ f I F T H .

A Revolutionary Fight in Anne \:c !/i..i:l -■<,.,.■, • • ■ • .81

CHAPTER TWEN I \ : SIXTH.
Leading Events in Anne Arundel County from the Revolutionary War to the

War OF 1812 ........... 82

CHAPTER TWENTY SEVENTH.

Annapolis a centre of National Interest ....... 87

CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHTH.
The Naval Academy Established at Annapolis ...... 88

CONTENTS.

( H AI'TK,/;', VQRTYj-EIRST.
Conditions in Anne Arundel

Page

CHAPTER TWENTY-NINTH.
Anne Arundel from the Civil War to the Present . . . . 90

CHAPTER THIRTIETH.

The Reception of the Remains of John Pail Jones . . . . .94

CHAPTER THIRTY-FIRST.

War Scenes in Annapolis .......... 96

CHAPTER THIRTY-SECOND.
A Plaintive Story in the History of Annapolis ...... 99

CHAPTER THIRTY-THIRD.

The Geology of Anne Arundel County . . . . . . . Inn

CHAPTER THIRTY-FOURTH.
The Indians of Asm; Arundel ......... 102

CHAPTER THIRTY-FIFTH.
The Three State Houses in Annapolis ........ 104

CHAPTER THIRTY-SIXTH.
Schools and Education in Anne Arundel ....... 1UG

CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVENTH.
Towns in Anne Arundel . . . . . . _ . . . . 107

CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHTH.
Annapolis and Anne Arundel the Resort of E\< ursionists .... 115

CH M'TI'.It THIRTY-NINTH.
The Area and Population of Anne Arundel . . . . . .117

k'-.ijivPTKR.' FopTjirtfi: .

Old Fashions Disappear in Anne Arundel.;--, j ;,•".■ . . . . . 118

119

CHAPTER FORTY-SECOND.
Legislative Scenes in Annapolis ......... 122

CHAPTER FORTY-THIRD.

The Political, Educational and Historic: Status of Anne Arundel County . . 135

CHAPTER FORTY-FOURTH.
A Galaxy of Illustrious Citizens of Anne Arundel ..... 138

VI CONTENTS.

Page

CHAPTER FORTY-FIFTH.
Public Buildings, Churches, and Ancient Landmarks . ... 146

CHAPTER FORTY-SIXTH.
The Lost Landmarks of Anne Arundel County ...... 155

CHAPTER FORTY-SEVENTH.
The Ancient Belief in Witches and Apparitions ...... 157

CHAPTER FORTY -EIGHTH.
Progress of the Improvements at the Naval Academy ..... 161

CHAPTER FORTY-NINTH.

St. Anne's Parish— 1692-1906 ......... 162

CHAPTER FIFTIETH.
•• Improvement" the Watchword of the Public Schools of Anne Arundel County . 168

His Excellency, the HONORABLE EDWIN WAREIELD,

Governor of Maryland, and, by provision of the

State Constitution, a citizen of Annapolis.

A History of Anne Arundel County,

CHAPTER FIRST.

THE SETTLEMENT ( )E MARYLAND.

1. Maryland was settled under the auspices of a charter granted by King
Charles the First of England, to Cecelius Calvert, second Baron of Baltimore, on
the 20th of June, 1632. A charter had been written for George Calvert, the
father of Cecilius, the first Lord Baltimore — but, before it had passed into the
hands of Lord Baltimore, he died. The Province was named in compliment 'to
Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles the First.

2. The territory, embraced in the charter from King Charles, included " all that
Part of the Peninsula, or Chersonese, * lying in the Parts of America between the Ocean
on the East, and the bay of Chesopeake on the West, divided from the Residue thereof
by a Right Line drawn from the Promontory, or Head Land, called Watkin's Point,
situate upon the Bay aforesaid, near the river Wicho on the West, unto the Main
Ocean on the East ; and between that Boundary on the South unto that Part of the
Bay of Delaware on the North,. which lieth under the Fortieth Degree of North
Latitude from the Aequinoctional, where New England is terminated, and all the
Tract of that Land within the metes unwritten (that is to say), passing from the
said Bay, called Delaware Bay, in a right line, by the degree aforesaid, unto the
true Meridian of the First Fountain of the River Pattowmack, thence verging toward
the South, unto the further Bank of the said River, and following the same on the
\Yest and South, unto a certain place called Cinquack, situate near the mouth of
the said River, where it disembogues into the aforesaid Bay of Chesapeake, and
thence by the shortest line unto the aforesaid Promontory, or Place called Watkin's
Point." '

3. The grant was one of royal powers, and Lord Baltimore was to hold forever
of the King and his heirs and successors, Kings of England, "as of our Castle of
Windsor, in our County of Berks, in free and common Soccage, by Fealty only for
all Services, and not in Capite, nor by Knight's Service, Yielding therefore unto
Us, our Heirs and Successors, two Indian Arrows of those Parts to be delivered

Paragraph 1. in) Under what auspices was Maryland settled? (6) To whom had the first
charter of Maryland been given ? (c) After whom was the Province named '>.
Paragraph 2. (a) What territory was embraced in the charter-.'
Paragraph 3. (a) What powers did the grant to Lord Baltimore contain ? {/-! What tribute

♦Peninsula.

Z A HISTORY OF AXXE AliUNDEL COUNTY.

at the said Castle of "Windsor, every year, on Tuesday in Easter- Week ; anil also
the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Ore, which shall happen from Time to Time,
to be found within the aforesaid Limits.'' It was from the largeness of this pro-
vision that, in after years, when the great struggle over the Stamp Act and Tea Tax
came, that the claim went forth that, under this charter, England had abandoned
the right to lay taxes upon the Province of Maryland and its inhabitants.

4. In transplanting themselves from the "Mother Country," the name by which
the inhabitants of Maryland so often, in their ordinary discourses and official docu-
ments, affectionately reverted to England, the settlers of " the Land of the Sanc-
tuary," lost none of their rights as native, free born Englishmen. It was especially
provided in the Charter, "that all and singular the Subjects and Liege-Men," of
the King, his heirs and successors, "transplanted or hereafter to be transplanted
into the Province aforesaid, whether already born there, or hereafter to be born,
be and shall be natives and Liege-Men of Us, our Heirs and Successors of our
Kingdom of England and Ireland ; and in all things shall be held, treated, reputed
and esteemed as the faithful Liege-Men of Us, and our Heirs and Successors, born
within our Kingdom of England." The grant provided that the new settlers and
inhabitants of the Province should enjoy all the rights of property that the King's
liege subjects in England enjoyed with ample powers to Lord Baltimore for setting
up Courts of justice, providing for an Assembly of people to make laws as freemen,
and to establish a free and sovereign state with the one provision of fealty only to
the King of England, his heirs and successors, and the payment of the yearly
tribute of two Indian arrow heads and the one-fifth of the gold and silver of the
country. The concluding paragraph of the charter, preceding its formal execution.
provided that, when any questions of doubt arose " concerning the true Sense
ami Meaning of any Word, Clause or Sentence contained in this our present
Charter. We will, charge and command that Interpretation to be applied always
and in all Things, and in all our Courts and Judicatories whatsoever, to obtain,
which shall be judged to be more beneficial, profitable and favourable to the afore-
said now Baron of Baltimore, his Heirs and Assigns."

5. Cecilius Calvert appointed his brother, Leonard Calvert, governor of the
new colony of Maryland, and Jeremy Hawley and Thomas Cornwallis as bis
counsellors. From these two last appointments arose the Council of the Governor
ami. in a few years afterward, this body became the recognized Upper House of
the General Assembly. It continued in this legislative capacity down to the Revo-
lutionary War. The number of colonists who embarked for Maryland consisted of
about two hundred. The names of the principal characters are : Richard Gerard,

was Lord Baltimore to pay the king annually? (e) What claim did the people afterwards make
from this charter ?

Paragraph 4. (o) By what: name did the people of Maryland call England? (6) By trans-
planting themselves to Maryland did the people lose any of their rights as native, free-born English-
men ? (c) How were all questions of doubt in the charter to be decided ?

Paragraph 5. (a) Whom did Ceeilius Calvert appoint as Governor and Councillors of Mary-
land ' (b) What legislative bodj arose from this Council? (c) How many colonists embarked for

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. d

Edward Winter, Frederick Winter and Henry Wiseman, Esqrs., and Mr. John
Saunders, Mr. Edward Cranh'eld, Mr. Henry Green, Mr. Nicholas Fairfax, Mr.
John Baxter, Mr. Thomas Dorrel, Mr. John Medcalfe, and Mr. William Saire, and
Captain John Hill. A number of these were said to be gentlemen of fortune, and
most, if not all of them, were Roman Catholics. The mechanics, artizans and
laborers who made up the rest of the colony, were chiefly Protestants.

6. The Lord Proprietary, Cecilius Calvert, gave carefully written instructions to
his Governor and his Councillors how they should conduct the new government of
the Province. The first paragraph gives the key-note to the broad and generous
spirit that animated the Proprietary in his enterprise. He instructed them that :
" His Lordship requires his Governor and Commissioners that, in their voyage to
Mary Land, they be very carefull to preserve unity and peace amongst all the
passengers on Shipp-board, and that they suffer no scandal] nor offence to be given
to any of the Protestants, whereby any just complaint may heereafter be made by
them, in Virginea or in England, and that for that end they Cause all Acts of
Romane Catholique Religion to be done as privately as may be, and that they
instruct all the Romane Catholiques to be silent upon all occasions of discourse
concerning matters of Religion ; and that the said Governor and Commissioners
treate the Protestants with as much mildness and favor as Justice will permitt.
And this to be observed at Land as well as at Sea." In the last paragraph of his
instructions, Lord Baltimore, commanded his Governor and his Counsellors, "In
tine, they bee very careful to do justice to every man without partiality."

7. In this letter of advice Lord Baltimore told his representatives that when
they had made choice of the place where they intended to settle, the Governor or
one of the Commissioners, should " make some short declaration to the people of
his Lordship's intentions, which he means to pursue in this his intended plantation,
which are first the honor of God, by endeavouring the conversion of the Savages to
Christianity ; secondly, the augmentation of his Majesties Empire and Dominions
in those parts of the world by reducing them under the subjection of his Crown ;
and thirdly, by the good of such of his Countrymen as are willing to adventure
their fortunes and themselves in it, by endeavoring all he can to assist them, that
they may reape the fruits of their charges and labors according to the hopefulness
of the thing, with as much freedome, comfort and incouragement as they cann
desire."

8. Father White, the first historian of Maryland, who, with Father
Altham, another Catholic priest, accompanied the expedition, says : " On the

Maryland ? (d) Who were the principal ones ? in Of what religious faith were the chief settlers ?
(/) Of what denomination were the artizans and laborers ?

Paragraph 6. (a) What was the character of the instructions given by Lord Proprietary to
his Governor and Councillors? {In What did the first paragraph of these instructions require?
(e) What did Lord Baltimore command in the last paragraph of his instructions ?

Paragraph 7. (a) What were the representatives of Lord Baltimore to do when they hail
made choice of the place of settlement ? |/<| What were his Lordship's intentions as set forth in
Ins order for the declaration of them ?

Paragraphs, (a) Who was the fast historian of Maryland? {!>) What was the day of the

T A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

Twenty-Second of the month of November, in the rear 1633, being St. Cecilia's
day, we set sail from Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, with a gentle east wind blowing,
and, after committing the principal parts of the ship to the protection of God
especially, and of His most Holy Mother, and St. Ignatius, and all the guardian
angels of Maryland, we sailed a little way between the two shores, and the wind
failing us, we stopped opposite Yarmouth Castle, which is near the southern end of
the Sale Island. Here we were received with a cheerful salute of artillery. Yet
we were not without apprehension ; for the sailors were murmuring among them-
selves, saying that they were expecting a messenger with letters from London, and
from this it seemed as if they were even contriving to delay us. But God brought
their plans to confusion, for that very night a favorable, but strong, wind, arose ;
and a French cutter which had put into the same harbor with us, being forced to
set sail, came near running into our pinnace. The latter, therefore, to avoid being
run down, having cut away and lost an anchor, set sail without delay ; and, since it
was dangerous to drift about in that place, made haste to get further out to sea, and
so that we might not lose sight of our pinnace, we determined to follow."

9. Poetic was the appropriateness of the names of the two vessels — the Ark
and the Dove — that carried the first settlers of Maryland to this land of love,
charity and liberty — where, for the first time in all the world, the banner of civil
ami religious freedom was to lie unfurled, and the cross planted in token of the
dedication of the Province to the cause of religion and of the mission of the colony
to convert the savages to the doctrines of Christianity.

10. A storm separated the two ships, and it was six months before they met.
The Dove, a ship of four hundred tons, w r as overtaken by a second storm, in which,
at the very beginning, the mainsail was torn in the middle from top to bottom, a
part being blown into the sea and was recovered with difficulty. •'At this juncture,"
states Father White, " the minds of the bravest amongst us, both passengers and
sailors, were struck with terror ; for they acknowledged that they had seen other
ships wrecked in a less severe storm ; but now, this hurricane called forth the
prayers and vows of the Catholics in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary ami Her
Immaculate Conception, of Saint Ignatius, the Patron Saint of Maryland, and all
the guardian angels of the same country : and each one hastened to purge his soul
by the Sacrament of Pennauce. For all control over the rudder being lost, the ship
now drifted about like a dish in water, at the mercy of the winds and waves, until
God showed us a way of safety. At first, I confess, I had been engrossed with the
apprehension of the ship's being lost, and of losing my own life; but, after I had
spent some time, in praying more fervently than was my usual custom, and had set
forth to Christ, the Lord, to the Blessed Virgin, St. Ignatius, and the angejs of
Maryland, that the purpose of this journey was to glorify the Blood of our

setting forth of the expedition ? (c) From what place did the expedition set forth ?

Paragraph 9. (a) What were the names of the two vessels that carried the Maryland settlers ?

Paragraph lo. (o) What separated the two ships? (h) How were tin- settlers and sailors
affected by this storm ? in How did the Catholic colonists act ? (d) What did Father White do?
(i i When the storm ceased how did Father White consider it ?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. O

Redeemer in the salvation of barbarians, and, also, to raise up a kingdom for the
Saviour (if he would condescend to prosper our poor efforts), to consecrate another
gift to the Immaculate Virgin. His Mother, and many things to the same effect ;
reat comfort shone in upon my soul, and, at the same time, so firm a conviction
that we should be delivered, not only from this storm, but from every other during
that voyage, that, with me, there could be no room left for doubt. I had betaken
myself to prayer when the sea was raging its worst, and (may this be to the glory
of God), I had scarcely finished, when they observed that the storm was abating.
That, indeed, brought me to a new frame of mind, and filled me, at the same time,
with great joy and admiration, since I understood, much more clearly, the greatness
of God's love towards the people of Maryland, to whom your Reverence has
sent us." *

11. After a circuitous voyage, touching at the Barbadoes — the old route, on the
27th of February, 1634, the Dove came to anchor at Point Comfort, in Virginia.
Remaining there for eight or nine days, the settlers proceeded to the Potomac
River, giving the names of saints, Gregory and Michael, to the two points that
formed the mouth of the river, and came to an island, called Heron island, and
anchored near another called St. Clements. Here the settlers landed on the 25th
day of March, 1634. Here the holy fathers who accompanied the expedition, cele-
brated mass, and, after they had observed this rite, they took upon their shoulders a
great cross which they had hewn out of a tree, and, advancing in order to the
appointed place, with the assistance of the Governor, and his associates and other
Catholics, they erected this emblem of Christianity, humbly reciting, on bended
knees, the Litanies of the Sacred Cross, with great emotion.

12. When Governor Calvert learned that many princes were subject to the
Emperor of Piscataway, he paid a visit to him. The Governor found the young
king's uncle and guardian, Archihu, who willingly listened to Father Altham, who
had accompanied the Governor. The Father explained, through an interpreter,
Captain Henry Fleet, the errors of the heathen, and informed the chief that the
settlers had come thither, not to make war, but out of good will towards them, in
order to impart civilized instruction to his ignorant race, and to show the way to
Leaven. The chief said he was pleased at their coming, and, when Father Altham
promised to come again, the chief replied : "That is just what I wish, we will eat
at the same table ; my followers too shall go to hunt for you, and we will have all
things in common."

Paragraph 11. (a) What route did the settlers take ? (6) When did the ships come to anchor,
and where? (c) To what place did they then proceed ? (<j) On what day did they land ? (e) What
religious rites did they perform ?

Paragraph 12. (a) To whom did Governor Calvert and Father Altham pay a visit ? (6) Whom
accompanied the Governor as interperter to the Emporer of Piscataway ? (c) What did Father
Altham give the emperor as the reason of the Englishmen for comingto Maryland f id) What reply
did the Indian chief make to these explanations ?

♦This narrative was written to Father White's religions superior, Rev. Father General Mutius Vltellesetis, at Rome.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

CHAPTER SECOND.

THE FOUNDING OF SAINT MARY'S.

1. After his visit to Archihu, Governor Calvert went to Piscataway, where all
the inhabitants flew to arms. About Ave hundred Indians, equipped with bows,
stationed themselves on the shore with their Emperor; but. after signals of peace
were made, the Emperor, laying aside all fear, came on board the Governor's
pinnace, and when the Emperor learned of the friendly disposition of the settlers
towards his people, he gave them permission to dwell where they pleased.

2. In the meantime, while the Governor was absent from St. Clements, the
Indians, growing bolder, began to mingle more freely with the sentinels of the
settlers, for they kept watch, by day and night, to guard, from sudden attacks, their
men, who were cutting wood, as well as watching the vessels they were building, for
which they had brought separate planks and ribs. The admiration that the savages
had for all they saw, gave the settlers great pleasure. The Indians had especial
wonder of a place where a tree had grown large enough to be carved into a ship
of such huge size, — they supposing it was cut from a single tree, like an Indian
canoe. The cannon, sounding to them like thunder when it was discharged, tilled
them with astonishment.

3. Leaving St. Clements, the settlers moved up the Potomac about twenty-seven
miles, to a river which they named St. George, and landed on the right side of the
estuary, and going in about a mile from the shore, the settlers laid out the plan of a
city, and named it St. Mary's. In order to avoid every appearance of injustice, and
to afford no opportunity for hostility, the settlers bought from King Yocomico, who
governed that country, thirty miles of the land, giving, in exchange, axes, hatchets,
rakes, and several yards of cloth. The district the settlers named Augusta Carolina,
which, in time, became St. Mary's county. The reason why the settlers obtained
the land from the Indians upon such easy terms was that the Susquehannock
Indians, a warlike tribe, and the bitterest enemy of King Yocomico, had made
frequent inroads upon the inhabitants, and had ravaged the country, and had driven
the inhabitants, from their fear of future injury, to seek homes elsewhere. They
moved daily away, leaving the settlers their houses, land and cultivated fields.

Paragraph 1. mm Whom did Governor Calvert visit after his meeting with the Pisoataways ?
(6) Hew did the Indians treat the Governor ?

Paragraph 2. (o) What was the conduct of the Indians at St. Clements ? (6) What effect did
the vessels and buildings have upon the Indians? (c) From what did they think tire ship had been
out ?

Paragraph 3. (a) To what place did the settlers remove from St. Clements ? (b) In order to
avoid the appearance of injustice, what did the settlers do? in What name was given the country
by the -settlers ? (d) What was the reason that the settlers obtained the land from the Indians
upon such easy terms '

A HISTOEY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. I

4. The first act of the Governor was to cause two buildings to be erected, one
for a guard house, and the other for a store-house. Some of the colonists were set
to work to make ready for planting corn. A few days after the settlement was made,
Governor Calvert received a friendly visit from Sir John Harvey, the Governor of
Virginia. While Governor Harvey was at St. Mary's, several Indian kings came to
the place. To please the Indians, Governor Calvert gave an entertainment on board
of the ship in the river. The king of Patuxent was placed between the two Gov-
ernors as the guest of honor. A Patuxent Indian coming aboard at the time, and,
seeing his king thus environed, started back, refused to enter the cabin, thinking his
king a prisoner, and would have leaped overboard had not the chief come out and
have satisfied him that he was in no danger.

5. The store-house being finished, the Governor, in order to impress the
Indians with respect for the settlers, directed that the unloading of the stores from
the ship and the bringing of them to the store-house be done with pomp and
ceremony. The colors were brought on shore, the colonists paraded under arms,
vollies of musketry were fired and answered by discharges of cannon on shipboard.
The two kings of Patuxent and Yoamaco were, with many other Indians, present at
this ceremony, and the chief of Patuxent advised the Indians of Yoamaco to be
careful to keep the league that they had made with the English. He was so much
impressed with the kindness of the settlers to him, that, when he took his leave of
them, he made this remarkable speech : " I love the English so well, that if they
should go about to kill me, if I had so much breath as to speak, I would command
the people not to revenge my death ; for I know they would not do such a thing,
except it were through my fault."

6. During the balance of the year, while the English and Indians lived
together, according to their agreement, great concord prevailed. The natives went
every day with the settlers to hunt for deer and turkeys, which, when they had
caught, for they were more expert at hunting than the colonists, they either gave to
the English, or else sold for knives or beads and similar articles. The Indians also
supplied the settlers with fish. These simple-minded natives allowed their women
and children to act as domestics in the homes of the settlers. This harmony,
though interrupted at times in a minor manner, was never broken to the extent of a
war — the Marylanders and the native Indians never coming to open hostilities
against each other. Supplied in this ample manner by the native products of this
land of plenty, in addition, the colonists had thoughtfully brought a store of Indian
corn from the Barbadoes, where they had landed, as well as they had provided at
home a stock of flour and bread. They, as intended, had arrived in Maryland at

Paragraph i. (a) What was the first act of the Governor ? (6) What other work was done by
the settlers ? (c| From whom did the Governor receive a friendly visit ? (d) Give what happened
at an entertainment on board the ship.

Paragraph 5. («) What did they do in order to impress the Indians with respect for the
settlers? (6) What advice did tin- chiefs of Patuxent and Yoammoco give the other Indians?
(c) What was the speech that the king of Patuxent made ?

Paragraph 6. (a) In what way did the Indians and English live with each other? (b) Was
then' ever open warfare between the Indians and the Marylanders? (c) To whom did the Mary-
landers export corn that they had raised ?

b A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

bhe mild and planting season, and, putting their crop of corn in the ground, had
such an abundant yield that they had not only enough for themselves, but were
able to export a quantity to New England in exchange for fish and other provisions.

7. The beautiful period of love and friendship between the settlers and the
Indians was rudely interrupted by false insinuations circulated by Captain William
Clayborne and his adherents, amongst them Captain Henry Fleete, who had been
the guide of Gov. Calvert in his visit to the King of the Patuxent. Misled by the
evil counsels of Clayborne, Captain Fleete became very hostile to the settlers, and
excited the anger of the Indians against the colonists by all the means in his
power. The enmity of Clayborne himself was created by his claim to the Isle of
Kent and to another settlement that he had made at the mouth of the Susquehanna
River. Clayborne held a license from the Government of Virginia to traffic with
the Indians, and, by virtue of this privilege, had made these settlements and
claimed the soil by the powers granted in his license. Lord Baltimore resisted
these claims, and gave orders in September, 1634, that, if Clayborne would not
submit to his government, he should be seized and punished.

8. The Indians, believing the statements of Clayborne that the new settlers
were Spaniards and enemies of the English, suddenly withdrew themselves from
St. Mary's. The colonists were then engaged in erecting comfortable houses for
themselves ; but, alarmed at the change in the conduct of the Indians, they ceased
work on their homes, and began the erection of a fort for their defence. This took
them six weeks, when they returned to build their own houses. In a very brief
time the Indians became convinced of the deception that had been practiced upon
them, and repaired again to the company of their friends at St. Mary's.

9. Clayborne determined to maintain his claims by force. Early in 1635, he
issued his special warrant to Ratcliffe Warren to seize and capture any of the
vessels belonging to the colonists or government of St. Mary's. An armed pinnace,
under this commission, was fitted out, and manned with fourteen men, amongst
whom was "Thomas Smith, gentleman," who seems to have been second in com-
mand. The government of St. Mary's equipped two armed pinnaces, which set sail
under the command of Captain Thomas Cornwallis, one of Governor Calvert's
Councillors. The two hostile forces met in April or May, 1635, in either the
Pocomoke or Wighcomoco river, where a battle ensued between them. Clavborne's
men fired the first shot, and Cornwallis immediately returned the fire. William
Ashmore, one of the St. Mary's men, was killed, and Lieutenant Warren and two of
his men lost their lives in this onset, probably, the first naval action between
Englishmen in America. Thomas Smith, in 1638, was tried before the Assemblv
for the part he had taken in the battle, and condemned to death, but the records do

Paeaoeaph 7. (hi How ami by whom was the friendliness between the English and Indians
interrupt fl ? /n By what authority did Clayborne lay claim to the Isle of Kent ?

Pak.vikaph 8. mi How did the Indians act ? (6) How did the settlers act ? (c) How long was
it before the Indians were convinced of the deception practiced upon them ?

Paragraph 9. mi What dill Clayborne determine to do ? (/)) What did he issue and to whom ?
.1 What action 'lid the governmenl take? (d) What happened when the hostile forces met?
i.i What was tic- resuli of the trial of Thomas Smith ? (/) What became of Clayborne?

THE STATE HOUSE AT ANNAPOLIS.
Erected in 1772 — the third one on the same site.

PUB^ ■ &¥i

T..DI

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 9

not show that the sentence was carried out. Clayborne, in the meantime, had tied
to England, Governor Harvey of Virginia, having refused to deliver him to the
Maryland authorities, thinking it proper to send him to England with his witnesses.

10. Minute directions had been given by Lord Baltimore as to the terms on
which he would giant land to adventurers in Maryland. These conditions were that
every tirst adventurer, who brought five men, aged between sixteen and fifty years,
into the Province, in the year 1633, should have the grant of two thousand acres of
land unto him and his heirs forever, for the yearly rent of four hundred pounds of
good wheat. Every adventurer who brought less than five into the Province, should
have a hundred acres for himself, one hundred fur his wife if he brought one, and for
and in respect to every servant, and fifty acres for every child under sixteen years, for
the rent of ten pounds of wheat yearly for every fifty acres. Even - adventurer who
came in the years 163i and 1635, who brought ten men, for every ten men he was
to have a grant of two thousand acres, under the yearly rent of six hundred pounds
of good wheat, and those who brought less than ten were to have a hundred acres
for himself, his wife, for every servant, and fifty acres for every child under sixteen
years, at the yearly rent of seventy pounds of wheat for every fifty acres. Every
adventurer, after the year 1635, was to receive for every five men transported, one
thousaad acres of land, at the yearly rent of twenty shillings, to be paid in the com-
modities of the country, and any one who transported less than five was to have a
hundred acres for himself, his wife, for every man servant, and fifty acres for every
child under sixteen years of age, and for every maid under forty years, fifty acres,
at the yearly rent of twelve pence per acre. Grants of one, two and three thousand
acres were to be erected and created into manors. The records of the Manor
Court, established upon one of these ancient Maryland manors, still remains.
Indeed, it is thought, with good grounds for the belief, that it was Lord Baltimore's
intention to create a Maryland hereditary aristocracy by means of these manorial
grants and the lords of the manors.

11. By these conditions, on which land was granted to the settlers, the title of
the land was held in fee by the freeholders, and was to be theirs, their heirs, or
assigns forever, so long as the holders paid the nominal annual rent demanded of
them. This safe title to their laud fostered the spirit of independence inherent in
the breasts of Englishmen, and gave security and protection to the property of the
settlers. Under the manorial grants a number of manors were erected. Amongst
these the Manor of St. Clements, with Thomas Gerrard as its lord ; the Manor of
Evelin, with George Evelin as its lord; the Manor of Great Oak, with Marmaduke
Selden as its lord ; the Manor of Eastern Neck, with James Binngold as its lord ;
and the Manors of Kent Island and of the Susquehanna, in Cecil County, with
Giles Brent as their lord.

Paragraph 10. («i What were the conditions under which settlers obtained land from Lord
Baltimore ? (b) What was Lord Baltimore's intention in creating manors '

Paragraph 11. (a) What was the title of the land held I >y the settlers ? (6) Name some of the
manors erected in Maryland, and names of the Lords?

10 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

CHAPTER THIRD.

THE ERECTION OF SAINT MARY'S AND KENT COUNTIES.

1. Clothed with legislative rights, the Free Men of Maryland, the second year
following the settlement of the Province, 1635, met in General Assembly. Unfor-
fortunately what was transacted in this Assembly has been lost to posterity. The
Legislature was determined to have been illegally called, and this will account for
no care being taken to preserve the records, as they were of no legal value. The
first lawful Session of the General Assembly of Maryland began on the 25th day of
January, 1637, (old style.) The Legislature then met as one body, — the Governor,
the Councillors, and the Freemen composing it. All the Freemen of the Province
were summoned to this Assembly, and had, under penalty of hue, to appear either
in person or by proxy. Captain Thomas Cornwallis held fifty-four voices, or
proxies, Captain Evelin, of Kent, had forty-eight, and the President of the General
Assembly, Governor Calvert, held thirty-eight votes. At this Assembly the Freemen
of Maryland exhibited that spirit of independence and determination to maintain
their rights that have always characterized their deliberations. Lord Baltimore had
forwarded a number of laws for the General Assembly to consider. This body, in
turn, propounded and prepared a number of laws to be presented to the Lord Balti-
more, denying and destroying forever the Proprietary's claim, that he, alone, had
the right to originate laws, and that the Freemen had only the power to veto or
assent to them.

2. The first official record of the name of St. Mary's county is that found in
the commission given to John Lewger, the trusty councillor of the Governor, and
Secretary of the Province. It was dated at St. Mary's, on January 24, 1637, and
authorized him to be a conservator of the peace in the County of St. Maries.

3. Five days after the commission was given to John Lewger, one was executed
for James Baldridge, as sheriff and coroner of St. Mary's County. The bond
that Baldridge gave to well and duly execute the office of sheriff was " one thousand
pound weight of good merchantable tobacco." Although, in the order of antiquity,
St. Mary's county has been, from a very early date in the annals of the Province,
acknowledged and recognized to be the oldest county, yet twenty-five days before
the first commission was issued to an officer of that county, John Lewger, one
was issued to George Evelin, as Commander of the Isle of Kent, and giving him

Paragraph 1. (a) When did the Legislature meet, and where V [l>) When did the first Legal
Legislature meet and \\ here ? (c| Name some of the members and the number of proxies, or votes
that they had 1 ah What claim of Lord Baltimore's did this body destroy forever?

Paragraph 2. (a) Where is the first official record of the name of St. Mary's found ?

Paragraph li. (a) What commission appears on the records ahead of the name of St Mary's ?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUN1V. 11

authority to choose six of the inhabitants of the Island to advise and consult in all
matters of importance, and power to call Courts, award process, and to hear and
determine all manner of causes, civil and criminal, happening in the Island.
Robert Vaughan, on the 5th day of January, 1637, was made high constable of the
hundred of St. Clements. On February 9, 1637, Robert Philpot, William Coxe
and Thomas Allen were commissioned as conservators of the peace for the Isle of
Kent.

4. Although St. Mary's County had actual and official existence, it was not
until 1695, by chapter 13 of the Acts of that Session, that the boundaries of St.
Mary's were definitely settled, and these bounds were confirmed and ratified by the
Act of 1704, chapter 92, which enacted "that St. Mary's County shall begin at
Point Look Out, and extend up the Potomac River to the lower side of Bird's
Creek, and so, over by a straight line drawn from the head of the main branch of
the said Bird's Creek, to the head of Indian Creek in Patuxent River, including all
that land lying between Patuxent and Potomac Rivers, from the lower part of the
said two creeks and branches of Bird's and Indian's Creek by the line aforesaid,
and by Point Look Out."

5. Kent County, the second county in honorable antiquity amongst the counties
of Maryland, bore the same relation to the counties of the Eastern Shore, that St.
Mary's did to the Western — it was the necleus around which the other counties
formed. Like St. Mary's, its limits were not defined at its establishment, and only
were they declared when it became necessary, after many years, because other
counties had been formed around and from them. Indeed, the name of county was
not applied to Kent in the earliest records, and, in the roll of members of the
General Assembly of 1637, only one member is recorded as representing a county,
James Baldridge, the sheriff of St. Mary's, who is recorded as " Sheriff of St.
Mary's County." The other Free Men came as councillors of the Governor, as
representatives of hundreds, by virtue of their own personal right, or by the
proxies of other freemen. Robert Evelin appeared as Commander of the Isle of
Kent, and the title of county is not used in connection with any representative who
appeared from Kent.

6. It was not until 1706 that Kent County had its boundaries established.
The Act of that session enacted that the lines of Kent County should be : " On
the north, Sassafras River from the bay to the south end of Long Horse Bridge,
lying over the head of the said river, and thence a straight line, drawn east and by
south, to the exterior bounds of the Province ; on the east, by the lines of the
Province, until they intersect the southern line ; on the south, a line beginning on
the bay with Chester River, and running with the same to a branch called Sewell's

Paragraph 4. (a) In what year were the actual boundaries of St. Mary's definitely settled?
(b) On what river is St. Mary's County ?

Paragraph 5. (a) What is the second county in antiquity in Maryland ? (/;) By what name
was it first represented in the Legislature ?

Paragraph 6. (o) In what year did Kent county have its boundaries established ? ('/) What
bay and rivers form part of the boundaries of Kent County ?

12 A HISToliY OF ANNE &EUNDEL COUNTY.

Branch, and with that to its head, and thence, by a due east line to the eastern
bounds of the Province ; on the west the bay."

CHAPTER FOURTH.

LIFE AMONGST THE EARLY SETTLERS OF MARYLAND.

1. The broad and benign policy of Lord Baltimore attracted, early in the
history of the colony, men of wealth, learning and station, while the laborer, the
mechanic and the artizan were also amongst its first adventurers. The professions
were represented in the lawyer, the soldier, the physician and the surveyor, whilst
the trades and crafts numbered in its membership the farmer, the planter, the
barber, the carpenter, and the ship-builder.

2. Owing to the absence of a legislative body, there was no code of law in
operation in the colony until 1G37, and then, when the Assembly had rejected the
body of laws sent over to them by Lord Baltimore, it was suggested by Captain Oorn-
wallis, a member of the Assembly of 1637, that the Legislature declare that the law
of England was to be applied as far as applicable, and it was, hually, suggested that
military law be enforced for the sake of good government. Notwithstanding the
want of statutory law, the Province had great internal peace, and, after the Session
of 1(537, justices of the peace, commanders of districts, and sheriffs were commis-
sioned and Courts established for the enforcement of rights, the conservation of
justice, and the adjudication of causes.

3. The Assembly of 1637 having rejected the body of Laws, drawn up in
England, and transmitted by his Lordship in order to be passed by the Provincial
Legislature, the Assembly appointed a Committee to prepare a Draft of Laws to
be propounded to his Lordship for his Assent, and the Legislature agreed to forty-
two acts. They were never enacted into Laws, nor are even copies of them, nor of
those sent over by his Lordship, to be found amongst the records of the Province.
The titles of the bills which the Assembly proposed are still extant, and they show
the mind and spirit that moved the founders of the State of Maryland. Amongst
these proposed acts were : A bill for dividing the Province ; a bill for Bounding of

Paragraph 1. no Whom did the policy of Lord Baltimore attract to the Province ?

Paragraph 2. n Owing to the absence of the Legislative body, what appears not to have
been in operation until 1637? (6) Notwithstanding the want of a code of laws, what was the state
of the colony ? (c) Win. were commissioned after the Session of 1637 ?

Paragraph 3. (a) How many acts did the Legislature of 1637 agree to? (6) Name some of
the proposed arts ? (c) Dill Lord Baltimore agree to them ?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 13

Manors ; bills to assign, people and support Manors ; a bill for settling of the
Glebe ; a bill for Baronies ; a bill for assigning of Freeholds ; a bill for Building of
a Town; a bill for erecting a Fort; a bill for planting corn ; a bill for restraint of
liquors ; a bill for military Discipline ; a bill for the Assurance of the titles of land ;
a bill for the liberties of the Peoj>le ; a bill for swearing allegiance to our Sovereign ;
bills for the descending of land and for the succession of goods of a deceased
intestate ; bills for probate of Wills ; touching General Assemblies ; for the punish-
ment of all Servants ; for Corn Measures ; for fees ; for payment of Forfeitures ; for
Treasons ; for Capital Offences ; for allowing Clergy for some capital offences : for
the arbitrary punishment of enormous offences ; for the punishment of lesser
crimes, and closing the list with a bill for the Support of the Lord Proprietary.

4. The dispute between Lord Baltimore and William Clayborne was settled by
the Commissioners of Trade in England, on the 4th of April, 1638. The judgment
of the Commissioners was "that the lands in question absolutely belonged to Lord
Baltimore, and that no plantation, or trade with the Indians, ought to be allowed,
within the limits of his patent, without his permission; that, with regard to the
violences complained of, no cause for any relief appeared, but that both parties
should be left to the ordinary course of justice." A few months later, in July, 1638,
by the assistance of Sir William Alexander, his patron in the business, Clayborne
procured a royal order to Lord Baltimore commanding him to allow Clayborne and
bis agents or patrons to enjoy their possessions, and be safe in their persons and
goods, till the cause referred should be decided. The order is supposed to have
been a restraining order only until the case had been decided by the Lord Commis-
sioners who, at that time, had not given publication to their judgment of April.
When Lord Baltimore received the order, he said he would wait on the king, and
give him perfect satisfaction. This, we may presume, was done, as Lord Baltimore
was finally confirmed in all his rights in Maryland.

5. Lord Baltimore's settlement of the colony of Maryland cost him, for the
first two years, forty thousand pounds sterling, and he was able to recoup a thou-
sand pounds of this expenditure in seizing the pipe-staves that, in a co-partnership
agreement with William Cloberry and David Morehead, of London, Clayborne had
cut on Kent Island. The early colonists, of both Virginia and Maryland, were,
also, industriously engaged in trade with the Indians, and with enterprizing effort
supplied themselves with conck or cockle shells, which passed current as money,
with the Indians. The shells were wrought and perforated to Vie strung on strings,
and being highly polished and of variegated colors, were used as ornaments to the
person, and was particularly agreeable to the female sex, as necklaces and bracelets
of pearl were to the belles of Europe. Maryland began its planting with corn and
tobacco, and, in the absence, of either paper or metal money, tobacco soon became
the currency of the country, and the standard of values.

Paragraph 4. (a) When was the dispute between Lord Baltimore and Clayliorne settled?
(b) To whom did the Commissioners of Trade say the lands in question belonged ?

Paragraph 5. (a) "What did Lord Baltimore's settlement of the colony cost him in the Hist
two vears? i//) What were the colonists engaged in? (c) With what did they supply themselves ?
(d) What were these shells used for by the Indians ? (e) What became the currency in Maryland .'

14 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEI. COUNTY.

6. The justice and equity with which the government of Lord Baltimore was
administered, and its strict care to prevent religious dissensions is shown in an
incident that occurred in 1638. A proclamation had been issued, prohibiting "all
unseasonable disputations in point of religion, tending to the disturbance of the
public peace and quiet of the colony, and to the opening of faction in religion."
Captain Cornwalleys had some servants who were Protestants. They lived in the
same house with William Lewis, a zealous Catholic, under whose charge the servants
were. It happened, not improbably with an obvious intention that Lewis should
have the benefit of it, that Francis Gray and Eobert Sedgrave, two of these Protes-
tant servants of Captain Cornwallis, were reading, aloud, Mr. Smith's Sermons, a
Protestant work. William Lewis came through the room. Supposing they were
reading the book for him to hear, particularly some offensive passages in it — "that
the pope was anti-Christ, and the Jesuits anti-Christian ministers," Lewis retorted
"that it was a falsehood, and came from the devil, as all lies did, and he would
prove it; and that all Protestant ministers were ministers of the devil," and Lewis,
thereupon, forbade the two from reading that book any more. The servants
prepared a petition that Lewis alleged they had intended to be presented by them
to Sir William Harvey, the Governor of Virginia, Gov. Harvey being a Protestant,
as soon as they had procured the signatures of all the Protestants in Maryland. The
servants denied this, but said it was to be presented to the Governor of Maryland.
The sentiment of the petition was a complaint against Lewis for his abuse of the -
Protestant ministers, and his refusal to permit them either to keep or read, in any
house, any book which appertained to their religion. Before the petitioners had
time to present their memorial for redress, Lewis gave information of the document
to Captain Cornwallis, who presented the matter to Secretary Lewger, who ordered
the parties, with their witnesses, to be brought before himself and Captain Corn-
wallis. The petition was delivered to Captain Cornwallis. and the parties bound
over with two sureties to answer at the next Court. In the absence of a witness the
servants' cases were deferred ; but the Secretary gave his opinion that Lewis, for
his " offensive speeches and unseasonable disputations in point of religion, contrary
to a public proclamation to prohibit all such disputes," should be fined 500 pounds
of tobacco, and to remain in the sheriff's custody until he found sufficient securities
for his good behaviour in time to come.

7. The gentle and generous spirit that pervaded the Commonwealth in that most
fruitful source of dissension — the religious question — was further exemplified and
encouraged by the request of Fathers White and Altham, which petition was granted,
to be excused from the obligation to attend the Assembly as Free Men. This wise
discretion eliminated all suspicion of priestcraft from the government of the
Province, and accentuated Lord Baltimore's instructions that Catholics should not
be offensive to Protestants. Indeed, so broad was the charity and knightly the

Paragbaph 6. i«i What proclamation had been issued? (6) Who was arrested for violating
this proclamation ? (c) For what cause ? (rfi What was the judgment of the Court against Lewis
Paragraph 7. (o) How was the gentle ami generous spirit that pervaded the commonwealth

A HISTORY (IF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 15

chivalry of Lord Baltimore's government of Maryland, that, so long as he and his
heirs were in power in the Province, there is not known or recorded one case of
religions persecution of any character, not only of professed Christians, but neither
of Greek or Gentile, Jew or Barbarian. The only place in all the wide, wide world,
where religious freedom was encouraged and religious liberty established, Maryland
became "The Land of the Sanctuary," and her splendid toleration rose on the
horizon of a bigoted age, as "The Day-Star of American Freedom."

S. In the yenv 1639, there were symptons of trouble with tin; Indians of the
Eastern Shore and the Susquehannas. The colonists made preparation, by both a
land and sea force, to protect themselves, but, the rupture of friendly relations did
not result in open warfare. In the year 1640, William Clayborne, by his attorney,
George Scovell, of Virginia, recpiested power and liberty, to recover his property in
Maryland. The answer to this request was that such property had been forfeited
t<> the Lord Proprietary for certain crimes of piracy and murder, and "if the
petitioner can find out any of the said estate, not possessed or held by that right,
he shall do well to inform his lordship's attorney of it, that it may be recovered to
his Lordship's use," but that if Clayborne had acquired an}' estate in Maryland,
since his attaint in 1637, the law of the Province, without any further grant, gives
the petitioner or his attorney full power to recover it. The Indians, in the year
1641, supposed to be the Ozinies, numbering about sixty warriors, had become so
threatening in their demeanor towards the people of Kent Island, that Governor
Calvert issued a proclamation, prohibiting any one from harboring or entertaining
any Indian, and authorizing " any inhabitant whatsoever of the Isle of Kent to
shoot, wound or kill, any Indian whatsoever coming upon said island, until further
order be given herein." The Free Men of Kent, from the poll of voters, did not
then number above twenty-five in number. There was still, in the face of such a
tension, in the relations existing between the colonist and the aboriginees. no open
hostilities between them.

9. Again the hydra — religious dissension — lifted its head in Maryland, to be as
promptly suppressed. Thomas Gerrard, given to strong drink and hot words, on
March 2'2d, 1642, was charged, in a petition to the House of Burgesses, signed by
David Wickliff, in the name of the "Protestant Catholics" of Maryland, with
taking away the key of the chapel, and carrying away the books of the chapel.
Mr. Gerrard was summoned to answer, and, after hearing the evidence of the prose-
cution and the defence of • Mr. Gerrard, the House found him guilty of a mis-
demeanor, and adjudged that he return the key and the books, and relinquish all
title to them or the house, and to pay a fine of 500 pounds of tobacco, "towards

further exemplified ? (b) So long as Lord Baltimore and his heirs held the government, were there
any religious persecutions in Maryland ? (r) What name was given Maryland ?

Paragraph 8. i«) What symptoms of trouble were there in 1639 ? (b) What request did I 'lay
borne make in 1640.' (c) What answer was made to this request? i</) How had the Indians
become in 1641 ? (e) What was the pell of the free men of Kent about this time ?

Paragraph 9. (a) What charge was made against Thomas Gerard in 164'2 ? i/i) What was the
judgment of the Court upon the charge ?

16 A HISTORY OF AHNE ABUNDEL COUNTY.

maintaining the first minister as should arrive." Mr. Gerrard was a leading man
in the colony, and, from the records 5 must have been a zealous Catholic. The peti-
tioners were, probably, members of the Church of England.

10. The colonists, having planted the preceding season but a small quantity of
tobacco, the Governor issued a proclamation in 1643, prohibiting all export of it to
England. The uneasiness in the colony, from this condition of their staple product,
was further increased by the plots and machinations of Richard Ingle, a late arrival
in the Province. Giles Brent, then acting Governor, in the absence of Gov. Calvert,
issued a proclamation calling upon Richard Ingle, mariner, -'to yield his bodj to
Robert Ellyson, sheriff of this (St. Mary's) county, before the first day of February
next, to answer such crimes of treason, as, on his Majesty's behalf, shall be objected
against him." The proclamation required all persons to disclose any matter of
treason against the said Richard Ingle. Measures were immediately taken for
seizing his ship. Ingle was apprehended, but subsequently escaped from custody.

11. Dissensions in "the mother-country" enabled William Clayborne to
re-asseit his claims to Kent Island, and, intimations, evidently, from the proclama-
tion that Gov. Calvert issued, having reached St. Mary's of Clayborne's attempt to
retake the Island, the Governor gave commissions to Mark Pheypo and John
Genalles, to take command of a shallop, and press eight men, and go to Kent
Island, and "to inquire whether Captain Clayborne, or any other, have made any
disturbance of the peace, or committed any outrage upon the island, and to learn
what force he did it with, and what strength he is of there, at sea or shore, and
what his intents further be, and how long he means to stay." The loss of precious
records of the Province through these proceedings of Ingle and Clayborne has
destroyed all information as of the result of this expedition, and of Ingle and Clay-
borne attempts upon the Province. There is, at this point, a lapse of eighteen
months between the official records of the Province. Beginning with the renewal
of the provincial archives, in 1616, Gov. Calvert is found in Virginia, with Captain
Edward Hill acting as Governor of Maryland, under a commission purporting to
have been given by Gov. Calvert; but, it appears, that this commission to Captain
Hill was "acted by another person," as the record states, that is, by the Council at
St. Mary's. Gov. Calvert who had tied to Virginia, during the troubles occassioned
by Ingle and Clayborne, towards the close of the year 16-16, returned to Maryland
with a body of armed men.

12. With this little army, he seems to have taken -the insurgents by surprise,
and. after a skirmish, and some bloodshed, most of the rebels submitted, some were
arrested and imprisoned, while others tied to Virginia. Captain Hill was obliged

Paragraph 10. (i What did the Governor forbid to be exported from the Province in 1643?
i/n "What proclamation was issued about Richard Ingle?

Paragraph 11. i in What enabled William Clayborne to re-assert his claims to Kent Island'.'
tin What destroyed all record of the result of expeditions to resist this claim ami Clayborne's
attempt (•• retake the Isle of Kent'.' (c) Who lied to Virginia about this time? o/i With what did
Governor Calverl return in UI46?

Paragraph 12. (a) What did Governor Calvert accomplish with his little army.' (6) When

THE GOVERNOR'S MANSION, ANNAPOLIS.

COURT OF APPEALS BUILDING. ANNAPOLIS.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 17

to give up his office of Governor upon conditions mutually subscribed by Gov.
Calvert and himself — one of the conditions being that there should be a payment,
or compensation, made to Gov. Calvert of all the perquisites that Gov. Hill had
received while in office. After the winter had ended, Gov. Calvert proceedad to
Kent Island and reduced it to the authority of the Lord Proprietary, and, once
more, all Maryland was under the government of Lord Baltimore. It is probable
that the estates of the rebels on the island were confiscated, because, in a commis-
sion to Capt. Vaughan, he is particularly called upon to take all the estate of John
Abbott, of Kent Island.

13. The reduction of Kent Island and the orders given in relation to the late
insurrection were the last official acts of Gov. Calvert. On the 9th, of June, 1647,
he died. In his death the Province lost an executive whose public character was
without reproach. Little or nothing is known of his private life, but his adminis-
tration was marked by a performance of the trust reposed in him with honesty and
integrity towards his brother — the Proprietary — and with fairness aud justice
towards the people of the Province. During his term of office not one single case
of wrong or injustice occurred at his hand upon any of the inhabitants of the
Province — Indian or Englishman.

CHAPTER FIFTH.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF MARGARET BRENT.

1. The death of Governor Calvert brought into the scenes of Maryland history
that remarkable character — Mistress Margaret Brent — Mistress by the courteous
chivalry of the period — her age and maidenhood uniting to give her this title of
honor. Relative of the expiring Governor, about six hours before his death,
Governor Calvert, directing his speech to Mrs. Margaret Brent, said in the presence
of Thomas Greene and other witnesses : " I make you my sole Executrix. Take all,
and pay all." After these words, he desired every one to depart the room, and was,
for some time, in private conference with Mrs. Brent. Making her claim under this
oral will, for administration, Mrs. Brent was duly appointed the administratrix, and
sought, at the same time, the probate of the Governor's testamentary wishes.

did Governor Calvert proceed to Kent ? (c) Under whose Government now was all Maryland ?

Paragraph 13. («) What were the last official acts of Governor Calvert'.' i/ii How was Gov-
ernor Calvert's administration marked ?

Paragraph 1. {a) What remarkable character came upon the scenes after the death of
Governor Calvert ? (b) What will had the Governor made ?

18 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

2. The question arising before the Provincial Court, whether or not, Mrs. Brent
might not, under the conditions existing, act as the attorney in fact of Lord Balti-
more, it was decided, the matter resting, in the decision, upon the opinion of Giles
Brent, her brother, that she could act as his lordship's attorney. This illustrious
woman was of strong intellect and heroic courage in the management of both her
public and private affairs, and set about her new business with great energy. The
Legislature having met in the year 1648, Margaret Brent appeared before that body
in person, and demanded "to have a vote in the house for herself, and another as
his lordship's attorney." This was refused by Governor Greene, who acted as the
President or Speaker of the body, whereupon, Mrs. Brent protested against all the
proceedings of that Assembly.

3. At the close of this Session of Assembly Governor Greene issued a procla-
mation declaring pardon to every inhabitant, residing within the province, for any
offence whatsoever committed by any of them from the fourteenth of February,
J. 644, unto the 16th of April, 1618, and, also, to every other person, out of the
province, who acknowledged sorrow for his fault, and who would ask pardon before
the feast of St. Michael, the archangel, next, excepting Richard Bigle, mariner.

4. Lord Baltimore was greatly displeased with Margaret Brent for taking charge
of his estates in the province, which being brought to the attention of the assembly,
that body, in an address to the Lord Baltimore, declared: "We do verily believe,
and, in Conscience report that it was better for the Colony's safety, at that time, in
her hands, than in any man's else, in the whole Province, after your brother's death,
for the soldiers never would have treated any other with that civility and respect ;
and though they were, even ready at several times, to run into mutiny, yet she
pacified them till, at the last, things were brought to that strait, that she must be
admitted and declared your Lordship's Attorney, by an order of Court (the Copy
whereof is herewith enclosed) or else all must go to ruin again, and then the second
mischief had been, doubtless, far greater than the former ; so that, if there hath
not been any sinister use made of your Lordship's estate, by her from what it was
intended and engaged for by Mr. Calvert before his death, as we verily believe, she
hath not, then, w r e conceive, from that time, she rather deserved favor and thanks
from your honor for her so much concurring to the public safety, than to be justly
liable to all those bitter invectives you have been pleased to express against her."

5. In the year 1648, the Lord Proprietary removed from the office of Governor
Thomas Greene, who had been named as his successor by Leonard Calvert, and
appointed William Stone, Esq., of Northampton County, Virginia, a zealous Prot-

Pabagraph 2. (a) How did the Court decide Mrs. Brent should act? (6) How did she manage
her public and private affairs'.' (c) What claim did she make to the Legislature, and with what
result?

Paragraph 3. tin What did the Proclamation of Governor Greene, made at the close of the
session, declare?

Paragraph 4. (<jj How was Lord Baltimore affected by Mrs. Brent taking charge of his
estates? (b) Who defended Mrs. Brent? m What did t lie Legislature say in her defence?

Paragraph 5. (o) Whom did the Proprietary remove from the office of Governor? (6) Whom

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 19

estant, and, generally known to have been always zealously affected to the Parlia-
ment, Governor in Greene's stead. The oath of office which the new Governor was
required to take, bound him not to disturb any person whatsoever in the Province
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, and, in particular no Eoman Catholic, on
account of his religion, and he was to have no partiality on account of religious
belief in the distribution of offices, rewards and favors. The new councillors who
were named to act with Governor Stone, were also required to take a similar oath,
so that Maryland began anew her career of religious toleration. Margaret Brent
ceased to be a public official, but continued to hold a' high place in the annals of
the colony, and frequently appeared in the Courts of the Province as a practicing
lawyer.

CHAPTER SIXTH.

MARYLAND A PROTOTYPE OF ENGLAND.

1. Lord Baltimore having assented to the right of the Free Men of Maryland
to originate laws, and having given his Governor, subject to his dissent, the authority
to approve the laws which the people made, a session of the Legislature, under the
new conditions, was held at the Fort of St. Mary's, and then the same day removed
to St. John, on the 25th of March, 1638. The first act of this Assembly was to
establish the House of Assembly. This act styled the several persons returned
elected, as Burgesses, and to all the same intents and purposes as the Burgesses in
any borough in England, in the Parliament of England. In the House were included
those "Gentlemen summoned by his Lordship's special writ." These, when assem-
bled, or any twelve of them, provided the twelve included the Lieutenant-General,
or Governor, and the Secretary, shall be "called the House of Assembly." At
that time the Legislature still met as one House. The laws, passed by the House
and assented to by the Governor, were to be the laws of the Province, " as if his
Lordship and all the Free Men of this Province were personally present, and did
assent."

2. The next act was to ordain certain laws for the further Government of the
Province. By this general act, the Holy Church, within the Province, was to have
all her rights and liberties. This act did not, however, establish any form of

did he appoint in Governor Greene's place? (c) To what did the oath of office bind the new
Governor?

Paragraph 1. (a) Lord Baltimore, after assenting to the right of the Free Men to propose
laws, what was the first act of the session of 1638? (6) What was the title of the members of the
House of Assembly? (c) Who else were included in the Assembly beside those elected as
Burgesses?

Paragraph 2. (a) What was the next act? (b) What was the Holy Church to have in the

20 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

religion, but preserved the Church in its universality, it would seem, in all its
abstract rights. This statute acknowledged all the rights and prerogatives of the
Lord Proprietary and preserved to the people their rights and liberties according to
the great Charter of England. The Lieutenant-General, within the Province, and
the Commander of the Isle of Kent, were directed to try all civd cases according
to the laws or laudable usages of the Province, or, otherwise, according to the laws
or laudable usages of England. Another Assembly was held in 1640, and an act
prohibiting the exportation of corn, another for the planting of corn, one touching
marriages, one rating artificers' wages, and others relating to servants' clothes and
touching tobacco, were passed. Subsequent Assemblies were held annually for
several years, the Free Men providing, by appropriate legislation, for the good and
government of the Province. All the acts exhibited the spirit of English law and
jurisprudence.

6. No branch of the history of Maryland, more than the records of the Courts,
displays so distinctly the life and character of the people who settled Maryland.
Here are seen the motives that animated the fathers who planted the Cross on the
shores of the Chesapeake, and reclaimed the wilderness to civilization. Their
cares, their pleasures, their aims, their possessions, their provisions for their
families, their deeds of valor, their petty disputes, their great endeavors — all stand
out in ' the records of the courts, as the true and faithful indices of character and
conditions ; for here the report and tradition were sifted by the rules of critical
proof and legal evidence, and the record was made by unbiased scribes, before a
scrutinizing Court, in the presence of adverse interests, zealous and watchful, to
have the truth stated, and the truth only.

4. The helpful, busy, worthy life of the settlers of Maryland, as seen through
the telescope of judicial records, displays the colony as the energetic young proto-
type of the " Mother Country " from which it sprang. Here 4"as the court
Pepowdry of the great cities of London and Liverpool ; here, the courts meet and
baron that reflected the picturesque tribunals of the lordly barons of the Isle of
Liberty ; here was the county court mirroring the busy courts nisi of York and
Devonshire ; here, the Provincial Court — the reflection of the high court of Chan-
cery of England ; and, finally, the appeal to the Legislature, as the English suitor
came, as the Court of last resort, to the House of Lords.

5. Throughout every avenue of trade and custom this likeness to England is
found. Here was my lord, Thomas Gerrard, of St. Clements Manor ; " my lady of
the manor ;" the steward of the manor ; the seizin by rod ; the stocks ; the ducking-

Province? (c) What was the Lieutenant General and the Commander of the Isle of Kent to try?
(d) According to what usages and laws were these cases to be tried? (el Name some of the Acts
passed l>y tin- Assembly uf DUO?

Paragraph 3. What do the records of the Court display?

Paragraph 4. (a) Of what was the life of the settlers the prototype? (6) In what waj did
this likeness consist? (c) Name these .Courts?

Paragraph 5. (a) Where else is this likeness to England found? (6) Name some of these
customs?

A HIST0KY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 21

stool ; the whipping-post ; the Governor of the Province acting as the chief law-
giver of the Commonwealth ; the sovereign Lord Proprietary ; " his highness the
lord protector '' in his day, and our sovereign lord the king when lie reigned ; the
trial by jury; the writs of right and arrest; the Bible of the Englishman — found
returned in almost every inventory ; the right to have and hold arms ; the untram-
melled voice of the Free Man in assembly ; his right to levy his own taxes and to
take part in making his own laws ; his duty to quiet his estate before death ; his
jealousy of his reputation ; his fearlessness in battle ; his superiority over trials and
environments ; his ability to adapt himself to every condition ; his respect for
woman ; his love of the chase ; his desire to acquire property ; his love of God ;
his veneration for law and love of order; his penchant for trade and adventure ; his
merrymakings ; his love of strong drink and hatred of drunkenness ; here, the efforts
of Lord Baltimore to establish, in his lords of manors, a hereditary aristocracy ;
here, the military spirit of the freemen ; here, their oaths, pardons, acts of
oblivion, seditions, rebellions, and insurrections ; and the very names of the people,
towns, rivers, counties, and the provinces itself, all reflect the land from which these
sturdy settlers came.

6. In one feature alone the Province of Maryland failed to follow the example
of the mother-land. The pilgrim fathers left behind them, on its shores, all spirit
of intolerance and bigotry in religion, and, going to a new world, began a new era
of citizenship in which was to be allowed the free worship of God, and which
proved in time that the Catholic and the Churchman were, when tested, equally loyal
to their country, however great was their difference in religious faith, and here
Maryland gave invitation to the world to rear their altars in a land where unyielding
law guaranteed to every one the unfettered right to worship God according to the
dictates of his own conscience, none daring to molest or make him afraid.

7. The records of the Courts have a distinguishing fact that shows a remarkable
absence of crimes of violence. Leaving out the sea-fight, which was not a domestic
crime, but rather a defence of the rights of the colony against intrusion, the offences
against the person in the early days of the colony, from the year 1634 to 1647, were
two homicides and one unprovoked battery. Both of the parties who were killed
were Indians, and so jealous was the Court to allow no partiality to interfere with
justice, a jury which doubted whether Pagans had the same standing in a Court as
Christians, was promptly dismissed and a new trial ordered.

8. The Courts were insistent in securing the same protection to the persons of
Indians as they were to preserve the fights of the whites and in supporting the
dignity of their tribunal. ' On February 13th, 1643, it is recorded that, while the

Paragraph 6. (a) In what feature alone did the Province fail to follow the example of the
mother-land? (6) What was guaranteed to every one?

Paragraph 7. («) What distinguishing fact do the records of the Court show? (6) What were
the offences against the person from 1634 to 1647? (c) What proof did the Court give that it would
allow no partiality to interfere with justice?

Paragraph 8. (a) What were they insistent in securing? (ft) Give an instance of their purpose
to protect the Indians?

22 A HISTORX OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY.

Court was "importunately pressing and charging the jury that were upon the trial
of John Elkin, to proceed according to their evidence and conscience, and arguing
and pleading the crime against the prisoner at the bar," " George Pye, in an insolent
manner, upbraided and reproached the whole court, in these, or the like words,
viz. : ' that if an Englishman had been killed by the Indians there would not have
been half so much words made of it,' or to that effect, to the great contempt and
scandal of the Court, and the ill example of others." On being arraigned on his
trial for this contempt of Court. Pye alleged that he did not speak the words
charged, but Thomas Greene testifying that Pye did use the language alleged, Pye
was fined one thousand pounds of tobacco.

CHAPTER SEVENTH.

THE SETTLEMENT OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1. The settlement of Anne Arundel County was due to events as novel as a
romancer's creations. The Protestant governor ruled in Virginia, a Catholic pro-
prietary reigned in Maryland. The liberality, which professors of a similar faith
might be reasonably expected to exhibit to each other, was sadly wanting in the
Churchmen of Virginia towards their Puritan brethren, and, in the year 164S, the
authorities of Virginia, discovering that the Congregational or Independent Church,
formed in 1(542, had, by the aid of secret meetings, notwithstanding the laws
against it, increased to one hundred and eighteen members, began a rigorous
execution of their penal statutes against the Puritans. Their conventicle was
broken up, and the members of it were scattered in different directions.

2. Near the close of the year 1648, the elder of the Independents, Mr. Durand.
took refuge in Maryland. Negotiations for a settlement of the Independents very
soon began, and the persecuted Puritans were offered an asylum in Maryland,
provided they who would hold land, would take the oath of allegiance to Lord
Baltimore.

3. This oath the Puritans agreed to take. In 1649, a small company from
Richard Bennett's plantation, at Nansemond, Va., in all. about ten families arrived,
and settled at Greenberry's Point. A tract of 250 acres was surveyed, and divided
into ten acre lots, each settler receiving one, the balance being given to Bennett.

Paragraph 1. km To what was the settlement of Anne Arundel due? (b) State these events?

Paragraph 2. (o) In what year did the Puritans begin to negotiate for a settlement in Mary-
land? i'm On what terms was land to be given them? (c) Did the Puritans agree to this?

Paragraph 3. (a) In what year did Bennett's company arrive? lii From whence did they
come? (c) How many families were they? (d) Where did they settle? (e) What was the settle-

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 23

The town was to have been here, because the lots were spoken as " The Town Land
at Greenberry's Point." Subsequently lots were located on the present site of
Annapolis. The only one that can be recognized at this date was that of Thomas
Todd. The water front of his lot began at a point on the harbor line and ran up to
the mouth of Spa Creek.

4. The Puritans who formed this colony were, with few exceptions, the sturdy
sons of the English yeomanry. Warrosquoyackeq County, or Isle Wight, afterward
called Norfolk County, Va., lying south of the James, was the centre of the Puritan
district, from whence the settlers of Providence came. Edward Bennett, a wealthy
London merchant, who had obtained in 1621, a large grant of land on the Nansemond
River, south of the James, when he came to Virginia, had brought with him a con-
siderable number of Puritans. Edward Bennett was their patriarch, Rev. William
Bennett, a relative, their spiritual leader, and Richard Bennett, son of Edward,
became the leader of the Virginia Puritans when they made their exodus from
Virginia into Maryland.

5. Descended from this hardy stock of sturdiest English, indoctrinated in the
tenets of their austere faith, inheritors of trials and persecutions, their subsequent
rebellious yet courageous conduct in Maryland was the natural sequence of their
blood, religion and education.

6. Soon after their arrival at Providence, Governor Stone urged upon the
Puritans the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore, telling them unless they took it,
" they must have no land, nor abiding in the Province."

7. The Puritans refused, haggling especially at the expressions in the oath,
attributing to Lord Baltimore royal jurisdiction and "absolute dominion," which
latter "they exceedingly scrupled." They also objected to the oath, they declared,
because " they must swear to uphold that government and those officers who were
sworn to countenance and uphold anti-Christ — in plain words expressed in the
office's oath — the Roman Catholic religion."

8. Lord Baltimore's friend, Mr. John Langford, very aptly replied to these
objections that " there was nothing promised by my lord or Captain Stone to them,
but what was performed. They were first acquainted by Captain Stone, before they
came there with that oath of fidelity which was to be taken by those who would
have any land there from his lordship ; nor had they any regret to the oath, till they
were as much refreshed with their entertainment there, as the snake in the fable
was with the countryman's breast ; for which some of them are equally thankful.

ment called? (/) Where were lots subsequently located? (g) Whose is the only lot that can be
recognized at this date?

Paragraph 4. (a) Who were the Puritans that formed this colony? (b| From what county in
Virginia had they come? (c) Who was their patriarch? Their spiritual guide? Their leader?

Paragraph 5. (a) What was the natural sequence of their, blood, religion and education?

Paragraph 6. (a) What did Governor Stone urge upon the Puritans.'

Paragraph 7. (a) What did the Puritans refuse to do? Why?

Paragraph 8. (a) What reply did Mr. John G. Langford make to this objection?

24 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

But it is now, it seems, thought by some of these people, too much below them to
take an oath to the Lord Proprietary of that Province, though many Protestants, of
much better quality, have taken it, and (which is more than can be hoped for some
of these men), kept it. As to the government there, they knew it very well before
they came thither ; and, if they had not liked it, they might have foreborne coming
or staying there ; for they were never forced to either. The chief officers, under
my lord there, are Protestants. The jurisdiction exercised there by them is no
other than what is warranted by his lordship's patent of that Province, which gives
him the power and privileges of a count palatine there, depending on the supreme
authority of England, with power to make laws with the people's consent ; without
which powers and privileges his lordship would not have undertaken the plantation,
and have been at so great a charge, and run so many hazards he hath done for it."
* * " There are none sworn to uphold anti-Christ, as Mr. Strong falsely
suggests ; nor doth the oath of fidelity bind any man to maintain any other juris-
diction or dominion of my lord's, than what is granted by his patent. Though
some of these people (it seems) think it unfit that my lord should have such a juris-
diction anil dominion there, yet they, it seems, by their arrogant and insolent pro-
ceedings, think it fit for them to exercise far more absolute jurisdiction and dominion
there than my Lord Baltimore ever did ; nor are they contented with freedom for
themselves of conscience, person and estate (all of which are established to them by
law there, and enjoyed by them in as ample a manner as ever any people did in any
place in the world), unless they may have liberty to debarr others from the like
freedom, and that they may domineer and do what they please."

9. So obstinately did these people refuse to comply with the obligation they
took to obtain an asylum in Maryland, they remained entirely outside the pale of
Lord Baltimore's government, and obstructed the formation of a county for a year.

CHAPTER EIGHTH.

THE COURTS OF ANNE ARUNDEL ESTABLISHED.

1. Providence by April, 1650, had recovered sufficiently from its scruples of
conscience to elect delegates to the General Assembly that convened at St. Mary's
on the 6th of that month.

Paragraph 9. (a) How long did the Puritans remain outside of Lord Baltimore's government?
Paragraph 1. («) When did Providence elect delegates to the Legislature?

PROP. M. BATES STEPHENS,
Su Perinte i,t of Public Schools, in Maryland.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 25

2. The Governor's return from Providence was, " By the lieutenant, &c, of
Maryland. The freemen of that part of this province of Maryland, now called
Providence, being by my appointment duly summoned to this present assembly, did
unanimously make choice of Mr. Puddington and Mr. James Cox, for their burgesses,
I being there in person at the time."

3. The reconciliation, effected by Governer Stone, promised to be permanent.
The House chose Mr. James Cox of Providence, their speaker, and the Assembly
passed the following :

" An Act for the erecting of Providence into a county by the name of Anna-
rundell County.

"Be it enacted by the Lord Proprietary, by and with the assent and approbation
of the Upper and Lower House of this Assembly, That, that part of the province
of Maryland, on the west side of the Bay of Chesapeake, over against the Isle of
Kent, formerly called by the name of Providence by the inhabitants there residing
and inhabiting this year, shall henceforth be created into a shire, or county, by the
name of Annarundel county, and by that hereafter to be ever called."

4. It was probably so called from the maiden name of Lady Baltimore then
lately deceased, Lady Anne Arundel, the daughter of Lord Arundel, of Wardour,
whom Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, had married. After the adjournment of the General
Assembly, Governor Stone, in July, 1650, visited Providence, and organized it into
a county, under the name of Anne Arundel.

5. A commission was issued by the Governor to Mr. Edward Lloyd, gentleman,
appointing him " to be commander of Anne Arundel County, until the Lord Pro-
prietary should signify to the contrary." James Homewood, Thomas Meares,
Thomas Marsh, George Puddington, Matthew Hawkins, James Merryman and
Henry Carlyn were, with Commander Lloyd, appointed commissioners of the county.

6. The commission of Commander Lloyd gave him, with the approval of the
other commissioners, the right to issue " warrants and commissions, and for all
other matters of judicature, with whom (the commissioners), you, Commander Lloyd,
are to consult in all matters of importance concerning your said county."

7. This commission was signed by Governor Stone at Providence, July 30,
1650.

8. On July 29th, Governor Stone had given a commission to the Commander
of Anne Arundel, authorizing him "to grant warrants for land within the said

Paragraph 2. (a) What was the Governor's return from Providence?

Paragraph 3. in) How did the reconciliation promise to be? (6) Whom did the House choose
for Speaker? (el What Act did this Assembly pass? (d) Of what part of the Province was Ann
Arundell County composed?

Paragraph 4. (a) Why was the county called Ann Arundell? (b) When did Governor Stone
organize the county?

Paragraph 5. (a) To whom was a commission issued by the Governor? (&) Who were
appointed commissioners of the county?

Paragraph 6. (a) What right did the commission of Commander Lloyd give him?

Paragraph 7. (a) What was the date of the Commission?

Paragraph 8. (a) What commission had been giveu Commander Lloyd on July 29, 1650?

■_'(3 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

county to adventurers or planters, according to his lordship's conditions of planta-
tion, whereupon such land shall happen to be due to such adventurers or planters
respectively." " The warrants, together with the particular demands or assignment
upon which the same shall be granted, to be entered upon record by his lordship's
secretary of the said province."

9. Though the political storm had calmed, all was not well in the infant colony.
Tin- Indian was still a near neighbor, and though generally peaceable, his savage
nature had displayed itself in the murder of some of the citizens of the new county
in a most cruel and inhuman manner.

10. These murderers were supposed to be Suscpiehannoeks, a powerful and
war-like tribe, who inhabited all that section which extends from the Patuxent to the
Suscpiehanna River on the Western Shore, and all that part that lies between the
Choptank and Susquehanna Rivers on the Eastern side of the Bay. The General
Assembly of 1650, passed an Act to punish the murderers and their abettors.

CHAPTER NINTH.

THE PURITANS REFUSE TO SEND DELEGATES TO THE LEGISLATURE

OF 1651.

1. The Puritans who settled at Annapolis were a restless set with itching ears ;
who seemed never so satisfied, as when they were in open opposition to the powers
that were.

2. The General Assembly of 1650 had modified the oath of allegiance to Lord
Baltimore, carefully expunging the objectionable phrases " absolute lord " and
"royal jurisdiction." In their places was inserted "that they would defend and
maintain all such of his lordship's just and lawful right, title, interest, privileges,
jurisdictions, prerogatives, propriety and dominion over and in the said Province,
Arc, not anywise understood to infringe or prejudice liberty of conscience in point
of religion."

3. This, for a time, tranquilized the settlers at Providence, but the next year,
1&51, when they were called upon to send delegates to the General Assembly, they
peremptorily refused.

Paragraph 9. («) How did the Indian display Ins savage nature at this period?
Paragraph 10. (a) By what Indians were these murders supposed to have been committed?
(6) What section did the Susquehannochs inhabit?

Paragraph 1. (<n What was the character of the Puritans who settled at Annapolis?
Paragrhph 2. (a) How had t lie General Assembly modified the oath?
Paragraph 3. (a) What effect had this upon the settlers?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 27

4. The reason for this refusal has not been preserved, but it is generally
thought it was because the Puritans believed that the proprietary government would
be overthrown by Cromwell who was steadily advancing to power in England.

5. Lord Baltimore heard of the conduct of the Puritans with indignation.
Under date of August 20, 1651, he wrote to "William Stone, Esq., his lieutenant
of his said Province of Maryland, and to his right trusty and well beloved, teh
Upper and Lower Houses of the General Assembly there, and to all other of his
officers and inhabitants of his Province," expressing his " wonder at a message
which he understood was lately sent by one Mr. Lloyd, from some lately seated at
Anne Arundel within his said Province of Maryland to his General Assembly, held
in St. Mary's in March last, and his unwillingness to impute either to the author or
deliver thereof so malign a sense of ingratitude and other ill affections as it may
seem to bear ; conceiving rather, that it proceeded from some apprehensions in
them at the time, grounded upon some reports in these parts of a dissolution or
resignation here (in England) of his patent and right to that Province." After
declaring these rumors to be false, and referring the Puritans to Mr. Harrison, their
former pastor, who was then in England, for the truth of these assertions, Lord
Baltimore added, "in consideration of a better compliance from these people with
his government there for the future, he should not any further expostulate, or make
any further reflection on that message, till further occasion given him by them, and if
such admonition did not prevail then, that he would make use of his authority, with
the assistance of well affected persons, to compel such factions and turbulent spirits
to a better compliance with the lawful government there." He accordingly willed
and required " his lieutenant to proceed with all such as shall be for the future
refractory on that kind ; and in case any of the English inhabitants of that
Province should, at any time hereafter, refuse or neglect to send burgesses to pur
General Assembly, there being lawfully summoned for that purpose, he wills and
requires all the members of the said Assembly, which shall lawfully meet upon
such summons to proceed, as they ought, as they may lawfully do, in all business
belonging to the General Assembly there, notwithstanding any such refusal or
neglect as aforesaid, and to fine all such refusers or neglectors according to their
demerits ; and, moreover, in case of their persistency in such refusal or neglect,
then, that they be declared enemies to the public peace of the Province, and rebels
to the lawful government thereof, and be proceeded against accordingly."

6. The conduct of these Puritans was especially ungrateful, since, received by
Lord Baltimore, when professors of the Protestant religion had refused them
domicil, their asylum in Maryland had cost Lord Baltimore the enmity of Charles

Paragraph 4. (a) What is generally thought to be the reason why the Puritans refused to
take the oath of allegiance?

Paragraph 5. (a) How was Lord Baltimore affected by the conduct of the Puritans? (6) "What
did he will and require of his lieutenant?

Paragraph 6. (a) "What was the character of the conduct of the Puritans? (6) What had
Lord Baltimore's tolerance of them cost him? (c) What did the exiled King do in consequence
of his enmity?

28 A HISTORY OF AXXE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

II, then in exile upon the continent. So great was the displeasure of the young
king, that Lend Baltimore had given the Puritans a settlement in Maryland, that
he, the natural friend of the proprietary, in spite of Lord Baltimore's undoubted
right to na^ue his lieutenant in the Province, appointed Sir William Davenant,
Governor of Maryland, alleging in the commission that Davenant was so appointed
"because the Lord Baltimore did visibly adhere to the rebels in England, ami
admitted all kinds of secretaries and schismatics, and ill-affected persons in that
Province."

CHAPTER TENTH.

THE FIRST SETTLERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1. From the rent rolls of Lord Baltimore, the names of the first settlers of
Anne Arundel County, who secured grants of land, are obtained. The first name
on the roll was for land on Herring Creek Hundred, 600 acres, surveyed for William
Ay res. Captain Edward Carter, on October 23, 1651, made a survey near Herring
Creek Bav. of sis hundred acres. Others who obtained land in this hundred between
the years 1651 and 1663, were : In 1651, Richard_Bennett, William Parker, William
Ayers, Edward Selby ; in 1653, William Parrott ; in 1659, Richard Gott, William
Paget, Anthony Galloway, Richard Wells; in 1661, Christopher Birckhead ; in
1662, George Pascall ; in 1663, Stephen Benson, Richard Wells, William Crosby,
John Burrage, Robt. Paca, Thos. Ford. William Hunt, Fran. Holland, William
Hunton, Armiger Greenwood, Jos. Morely, Nathan Smith, Saml. Chew, Thos. Pratt,
Christopher Birckhead, John Wilson, Ferdinando Battee and Andrew Skinner.
These settlements were all on, or near, Herring Creek Bay.

2. The land grants on West River Hundred, were from 1651 to 1663 : —
In 1651, to Robt. Harwood ; in 1652, to Hugh Drew, Thomas Sparrow, John Brown,
Christopher Rowles, John Mosely, John Clark, Bartho. Herring ; in 1659, to James
Bonner, John Shaw, Thos. Parsons, John Cumber, Thos. Ford ; in 1661, to Thos.
Hooker, ^Tliomas Taylor; in 1662, to Richard Talbott, Richard Galloway, Thos.
Mules, Edward Parrish, Geo. Shipworth ; in 1663, to Richard Ewen, John Watkins,
Thos. Parsons, Thos. Pratt, John Baldwin. These grants wei - e in the neighborhood
of West and "Road" Rivers.

Paragraph 1. (a) From what are the names of the first settlers of Anne Arundel obtained?
/.i What section is named first on the list of land grants? let Whose was the first survey? In
what year? (d) Xame some who obtained other grants?

Paragraph 2. («i When was West River Hundred settled? (b) To whom was the first grant
mad'-? In what year? ici Nam.' some of the other settlers who had grants of land?

A HISTOliY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 29

3. South River Hundred. These were the grants of lurid made in the South
River Huudred betweeu the years 1650 and 1663 : The first was January 6, 1650,
to Richard Beard, 200 acres on the south side of South River. The next grant was
to George Puddington, 300 acres, and 200 acres to John Edwards. In 1651, to
William Bulges, Milton Mansfield, Thos. Howell; in 1652, to Ettis Brown, Edward
Selby, William Pyther, Patrick Gossinnon, Jerome Hasliug ; in 1658, to Edward Cox,
John Collier, Thomas Benson, George Wastill ; in 1659, to John Freeman, Marion
Duvall, Arch. Arbuckle, Richard Cheney, John Brewer ; to Edwin Townhill,
Adam Delapp, William Pennington, Richard Cheyney, William Galloway, Tobias
Butler ; in 1661, to Richard Beard, .John Freeman, Ann Corel!, George Nettleford,
George Walker, John Larkins ; in 1662, to Dennis Macconough, Robert L<>v<\
Richard Wiggins ; in 1663, to Nicholas Gassaway, John Gray, Jerome White, Esq.,
Robert Proctor. These grants were land chiefly on either side of South River.

4. Middle Neck Hundred. These grants included land near South River and
on the south side of Severn River. The first grant was 600 acres on June 21, 1650,
to Zephamiah Smith, and was located near South River. The next survey was " on
ye south side of Severn River," of 650 acres, made on July 3, 1650, for Mathew
Howard. Other grants in Middle Neck Hundred were : In 1650, to William
Crouch, 150 acres on south side of Severn, and to George Saughier ; in 1651, July
3, to Thomas Todd, and says the rent roll book, " on ye south side of Severn River."
This is part of Annapolis Town, and "part the Libertys begins at ye north east point
of the Town, and extends along the river to ye first creek to ye west and then
back lines to ye beginning." The survey contained 100 acres ; in 1651, to James
Horner, Zephamiah Smith, Nicholas Wvat, Richard Acton, Peter Porter, Christopher
Oatly, Thomas Howell, James Warner ; in 1652, to William Harnesse, on the north
side of South River; in 1658, to Thomas Gates, John Norwood ; in 1659, to William
Galloway, Tobias Butler, Thomas Brown, John Collier ; in 1661, to John Baldwin,
Samuel Whitiers, Lawrence Richardson, Edward Hope, James Warner and Henry
Ridgely ; in 1662, to Nicholas Wyat, Cornelius Hoyvard, Samuel Howard, John
Howard, Charles Stephens, Walter Smith, John Edwards ; in 1663, to Jacob Brem-
ington, William Frizell, Patrick Dunkin, Ralph Salnrpn, John James, Henry Sewell,
Thos. Underwood, Edward, Joshua and John Dorsey, Richard Moss. In no par-
ticular Hundred, in 1650, Edward Hugh was granted 170 acres.

5. Broad and Town Neck Hundred was located between Severn and Magothy
Rivers. On June 15, 1650, a grant of land was made to Robert Burle, 450 acres,
on ye no. side of Chesapeake Bay ; Abraham Holman also had a grant this year;
in 1651, to John Covell, Ralph and Wm. Hawkins; in 1652, to Richard Ewen, 600
acres near Fishing Creek, on ye Bay side, with title above ye no. point of Severn

Paragraph 3. (a) When were the earliest grants of land made in the South River Hundred?
tb) To whom was the first grant made? (<•) Name others who had grants in this Hundred?

Paragraph 4. (a) What land did grants in Middle Neck Hundred include? i(m To whom was
the first grant made? In what year? (c) Name others who had grants in Middle Neck Hundred?

Paragraph 5. (oi Where was Broad and Town Neck Hundred located? tin To whom was the
first grant of land made? In what year? (c) Name others who had grants of laud in this Hundred'.'

30 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

River ; also, to Richard Young and James Homewood ; in 1659, to John Hawkins,
Philip Harwood, James Rigby, William Fuller. Elizabeth Strong and Matt. Clark ;
in 1658, to Nathaniel Utie ; in 1661, to William Crouch ; in 1662, to Henry Wool-
church, William Hopkins, William Pyther, Richard Deaner, Thomas Underwood,
Alice Durand, Robert Taylor, Absalom Dawson, William Stayd, Thomas Turner,
Robert Lusby ; in 1663, to Matt. H oward, Edward Skidmore, Robert Tyler,
Abraham Dawson, Sarah Marsh, John Aiken, John Green, John Homewood and
Emanuel Drew.

CHAPTER ELEVENTH.

THE ANIMOSITIES OF THE OLD WORLD TRANSPLANTED IN THE NEW.

1. In 1649, when Charles I was executed, Thomas Greene, who was acting
Governor during the absence of Governor Stone, caused the Prince of Wales to be
proclaimed in Maryland as the "undoubted, rightful heir to all his father's
dominions." This proclamation was issued on the 15th of November, and, on the
same day, another was published "to further the common rejoicing of the inhabi-
tants on that occasion," declaring a general pardon to all the inhabitants of the
Province, who had committed any criminal offense.

2. This proclamation and the general rejoicing were not in consonance with the
sentiments of the Puritan adventurers on the banks of the Severn, and this latent
feeling was exhibited in their refusal to send delegates to the General Assembly,
and, a little later, a more forcible proof of their political animosities was given.

3. The cause of the commonwealth triumphant in England, Cromwell turned
his attention to the American plantations, and commissioners were sent out to take
possession to all that were unfavorable to the Protector. Maryland was not named
in the Act of Parliament ; but Lord Baltimore's enemies contrived to have that
colony mentioned in the instructions to the commissioners.

4. Richard Dennett and the rebellious William Clayborne, who had given so
much trouble to the infant colony of Maryland, were two of the commissioners.

Paragraph 1. no What did Governor Greene proclaim upon the execution of Charle;- tin'
First? i?n What further proclamation did Governor Greene make?

Paragraph 2. i»i Was t lii-; proclamation and general rejoicing in consonance with the feelings
of the Puritans of the Severn.'

Paragraph 3. uo What action did Cromwell take for Maryland? {b) Had Maryland been first
named in tin- Act of Parliament? (c) Who contrived to have it inserted?

Paragraph 4. Who were these Commissioners?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 31

5. Ill March, 1652, at the head of au armed force, the commissioners entered
Maryland. They proposed to Governor Stone and the council of the Province,
" that they should all remain in their places, conforming themselves to the laws of
the commonwealth of England in point of government only, and not infringing the
Lord Baltimore's just rights." Governor Stone and the balance of Lord Balti-
more's officers of government " declared that they did, in all humility, submit them-
selves to the government of the commonwealth of England, in chief e under God."

6. From the proposition, however, to issue writs in the name of the common-
wealth, instead of Lord Baltimore's, Governor Stone and his counsellors " desired
to be excused, because they did not conceive the parliament intended not to divest
the Lord Baltimore of his right in his Province, and that they understood out of
England, that the Council of State intended not, that any alteration should be
made in Maryland ; that the King's name was never used, heretofore, in said writs,
but that they had always been in the name of the Lord Proprietary, according to
the privileges of his patent ever since the beginning of that plantation."

7. " Whereupon," says Mr. John Langford, "the said commissioners demanded
of Captain Stone the Lord Baltimore commission to him ; which he showed them ;
and, then, without any other cause at all, they detained it, and removed him and his
lordship's other officers out of their employment in the province under him, and
appointed others to manage the government of Maryland, independent of his
lordship."

8. Bennett and Clayborne ordered, "that all writs, warrants, and process what-
soever, be issued forth in the name of the keepers of the liberty of England ; and
that they be signed under the hand of one or more of the council hereafter named,
viz : Bobert Brooke, Esq., Col. Francis Yardley, Mr. Job Chandler, Captain Edward
Windham, Mr. Richard Preston, and Lieutenant Richard Banks."

9. The new council, or any two or more of its members, was empowered to
hold courts, and to direct and govern the affairs of the province.

10. Thus the disaster that Lord Baltimore, by his personal intercession with
Parliament, had been able to ward off in the legislative branch, was consummated
by his enemies through the executive power of the Council of State.

11. Maryland reduced to subjection, the commissioners returned to Virginia,
where Bennett was made Governor, and Clayborne, Secretary of State.

Paragraph 5. (a) When did the Commissioners enter Maryland? (6) At the head of what
did they come? (c) "What did they propose to Governor Stone and the Council? i</i What did
Governor Stone declare he would do?

Paragraph 6. (a) From what did Governor Stone ask to be excused?

Paragraph 7. (a) Upon this what did the Commissioners demand of Governor Stone? i/ji
What did the Commissioners do with this commission? (c) Whom did they remove from office and
appoint in their stead?

Paragraphs, (a) How did Bennett and Clayborne order the writs to be issued? (6) By
whom were these to be signed? (e) Who composed this Council?
Paragraph 0. (a) What was the Council empowered to do?

Paragraph 10. (a) How had this disaster to Lord Baltimore been consummated?
Paragraph 11. (a) After reducing Maryland to what place did the Commissioners return?

32 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

12. Handsomely pjovided for in Virginia, the commissioners visited Maryland
to rivet more firmly their hold upon it. Discovering that Gov. Stone was exceed-
ingly popular with the people, as well as affable to the commissioners, Bennett and
Clayborne resolved to make him Governor once more. In order to justify their
actions in ousting him at their previous visit, they declared, in their proclamation
restoring Governor Stone to his office, and Mr. Hatton as Secretary of State,
that these were left out of office " upon some misapprehension or misunder-
standing, as they alleged, in that particular of issuing out writs and all other pro-
cess whatever, in the name of the liberties of England by authority of parliament,"
that Captain Stone was "contented to resume his former place," on condition that
he might, " reserve and save to himself, as also to the aforesaid Mr. Thomas Hatton,
Robert Brooke, Esq., and Captain John Price, their oaths made to the Lord Balti-
more, Lord Proprietor of this Province, until the pleasure of the State of England
be further known." The proclamation bore date of June 28th, 1652.

CHAPTER TWELFTH.

PROVIDENCE SENDS A PETITION TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE

COMMONWEALTH.

1. Whilst Maryland was made a shuttle-cock in the hands of opposing forces,
the Puritans of Severn addressed a petition :

" To Honorable Richard Bennett and Col. William Clayborne, Esqrs., Com-
missioners of the Commonwealth of England for Virginia and Maryland." It was
styled : " The Humble Petition of the Commissioners and Inhabitants of Sev-
erne, alias, Anne Arundel county, sheweth." It read : "That whereas, we were
invited and encouraged by Captain Stone, the Lord Baltimore's Governor of Mary-
land, to remove ourselves and estates into his province, with promise of enjoying
the liberty of consciences iu matter of religion, and all other privileges of English
subjects. And your petitioners did, upon this ground, with great cost, labor and
danger remove ourselves, and have been at great charges in building and clearing.
Now the Lord Baltimore imposeth an oath upon us by proclamation, which he
requireth his Lieutenant forthwith to publish ; which, if we do not take within
three months after publication, all our lands are to be seized for his lordship's use.

Paragraph 12. (a) "Win > returned to Maryland? (&) What did they discover? (c) What did
the Commissioners resolve to do? (</i How did they justify this aetion? (e) What was the date of
the proclamation restoring Governor Stone to the ollice of Governor?

Paragraph 1. (a) Who addressed a petition to Bennett and Clayborne? (6) What did the
petition say had been promised the petitioners? in What did the petitioners state they had done at

i —

—

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A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 33

This oath we conceive not agreeable to the terms on which we came hither, nor to
the liberty of our consciences as Christians and free subjects of the Commonwealth
of England ; Neither can we be persuaded in our consciences by any light of God,
or engagement upon us, to such an oath ; but rather humbly conceive it to be a very
real grievance and such an oppression as we aie not able to bear ; Neither do we
see by what lawful power such an oath, with such extreme penalties, can by his
Lordship be exacted of us who are free subjects of the Commonwealth of England ;
and have taken the engagement to them. We have complained of this grievance to
the late Honorable Council of State, in a petition subscribed by us, which never
received an answ T er, such as might clear the lawfulness of such, his proceedings
with us, but an aspersion cast upon us of being factious fellows ; neither have we
received any conviction of our error in not taking the said oath, nor order by that
power, before whom, our petition is still pending, to take it hereafter ; neither can
we believe that the Commonwealth of England will ever expose us to such a mani-
fest and real bondage (who assert themselves, the maintainers of the lawful liberties
of the subject) as to make us swear absolute subjection to a Government, where the
Ministers of State are bound by oath to countenance and defend the Roman Popish
Religion, which we apprehend to be contrary to the Fundamental Law of England,
the covenant taken in the three Kingdoms, and the conscience of true English sub-
jects, and doth carry on an arbitrary power, so as whatever is done by the people
at great costs in assemblies, for the good of the people, is liable to lie made null
by the negative voice of his Lordship. But affirmative propositions and commands
are incessantly urged, and must not be denied.

2. "In Consideration, whereof, we humbly tender our condition and Distraction,
upon this occasion, falling upon the hearts of the people, to your view and con-
sideration, intreating your honors to relieve us according to the Cause and Power
wherewith you are entrusted by the Commonwealth of England. We rather,
because, upon such an exigent as this, we have none to flie to but yourselves, the
Honorable Commissioners of the Commonwealth of England ; not doubting but
God will direct you into what his mind and will is in this matter concerning us,
and that you will faithfully apply yourselves to our redress in what is just and our
lawful liberty, which is the prayer of your poor petitioners. Severn River, the 3d
of January, 1653."

3. This petition was signed by Edward Lloyd and seventy-seven others of
the housekeepers, freemen and inhabitants of Severn.

4. The people of North Patuxent sent a similar petition under date of March

great cost? (d) What did the petitioners sav was imposed on them? (e) What would be the result
it' the oath was not taken? (f) What did the Puritans allege that the oath was not agreeable to?
(g) What did the petitioners allege the Ministers of State were bound by oath to defend?

Pakagbaph 2. (a) Of what did the petitioners entreat their honors to relieve them? i/m What
was the date of this petition?

Paragraph 3. (a) Who signed the petition?

Paragraph 4. (a) Who else sent a similar petition? (6) Who signed this petition? (c) What

34 A HISTORY OF ANNE AHUNDEL COUNTY.

1st, 1653. This was signed by Kichard Preston arid sixty others. On March 12,
1653, Bennett and Clayborne returned an encouraging answer to the petitioners
of Severn and Patuxent, in which reply they counselled that the settlers "continue
in your due obedience to the Commonwealth of England, in such manner as you,
and they, were then appointed and engaged ; and not to be drawn aside from the
same upon any pretence of such uncertain relations as we hear are divulged among
yon. To which we expect your real conformity, as you will answer the contrary ;
notwithstanding any pretence of power from Lord Baltimore's Agents, or any other
whatsover to the contrary."

CHAPTER THIRTEENTH.

CROMWELL'S COMMISSIONERS REDUCE MARYLAND,

1. Information of Cromwell's elevation to the protectorate having been received,
Governor Stone proclaimed him Protector on the sixth of June, 1654. The same
year, on the fourth of July, Governor Stone, in public proclamation, charged the
commissioners, Bennett and Clayborne, and the whole Puritan party, mostly of
Anne Arundel, with drawing away the people, and leading them into faction, sedi-
tion and rebellion against the Lord Baltimore.

2. This proclamation is not now extant, but Mr. Leonard Strong, a Puritan
writer, and a leading citizen of Providence, contemporaneous with the document,
says that the paper called "that which was done by commission from the Council
of State in England, rebellion against the Lord Baltimore, and those that were
actors in its factious and seditious persons, which was done by a proclamation full
of railing terms, published at Providence in the church meeting."

3. Bennett and Clayborne promptly returned to Maryland. Eleven days from
the date of Governor Stone's proclamation, "they applied themselves to Capt.
William Stone, the Governor and Council of Maryland," "in a peaceable and loving
way to persuade them into their due and promised obedience to the commonwealth
of England."

answer did Bennett and Clayborne return . to this petition? (d) What did Bennett and Clayborne
counsel the petitioners to do ?

Paragraph 1. (a) What proclamation did Governor Stone make on receiving information of
Cromwell's elevation? (&) Wha1 proclamation did the Governor make in relation to Bennett and
Clayborne?

Paragraph 2. (o) What did Mr. Leonard Strong say of this proclamation?

Paragraph 3. («) Upon the issuing of the Governor's proclamation, how did Bennett and
Claj borne act?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 35

4. The commissioners, in their published statement of the occurrence, declared
that Governor and Council, "returning only opprobious and uncivil language, pres-
ently mustered Ins whole force of men and soldiers in arms, intending to surprise
the said commissioners, and to destroy all those that had refused the same unlawful
oath, and only kept themselves in their due obedience to the commonwealth of
England under which they were reduced and settled by the parliament's authority
and commission. Then the said commissioners, in quiet and peaceable manner,
with some of the people of Patuxent and Severn went over the River of Patuxent,
and there, at length, received a message from the said Capt. Stone, that the next day
he would meet and treat in the woods ; and, thereupon, being in some fear of a party
come from Virginia, he condescended to lay down his power, lately assumed from
the Lord Baltimore and to submit to such government as the commissioners should
appoint under his highness the lord protector."

5. Frequent and violent changes in the government of the province had their
legitimate sequence finally in a recourse to arms.

6. On the last reducement of the Maryland government by Bennett and Clay-
borne, July loth, 1654, they had appointed Capt. William Fuller, Mr. Kichard
Preston, Mr. William Durand, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Captain John Smith, Mr. Leonard
Strong, John Lawson, Mr. John Hatch, Mr. Richard Wells and Mr. Richard Ewen,
or any four of them, whereof Captain William Fuller, Mr. Richard Preston, or Mr.
William Durand were to be always one, to be commissioners, for the well ordering,
directing and governing of the affairs of Maryland, under his highness, the Lord Pro-
tector of England, Scotland, Ireland and the dominions thereof, and in his name
only, "and no other. The commission gave authority to hold courts, to summon an
assembly, and prohibited Roman Catholics from voting.

7. The names and the spirit of the commission bear evidence that the majority
of the commissioners were Puritans of Providence and its adjacent settlements.

8. Captain Fuller and his associates summoned a Legislature, and it began its
sessions at Patuxent, October 20th, 1(>54 ; the Assembly sitting as one House.
The most remarkable law of this Legislature was the one that "enacted and declared
that none who profess and exercise the Popish (commonly called the Roman
Catholic) religion can be protected in this province by the laws of England, formerly
established and yet unrepealed."

9. Never had the fable of the camel, who asked to put his nose in the Arab's
tent, and who finally turned the owner out, been more completely realized than it

Paragraph i. (a) What did the Commissioners say that the Governor and Council did? (b)
What did Governor Stone agree to?

Paragraph 6. (a) On their last reducement of Maryland, what appointments did Bennett and
Clayborne make?

Paragraph 7. (a) What evidence do the names and spirit of the commission bear evidence?

Paragraph 8 (o) What did Captain Fuller and his associates summon? (&) What was the
most remarkable law of this Legislature?

Paragraph 9. (a) What stringent laws were passed by this Assembly?

36 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

was with the Puritans and Catholics of Maryland. Stringent laws were passed by
the same Assembly against drunkenness, swearing, false reports, slandering, tale-
bearing, violations of the Sabbath, and acts of adultery and fornication.

10. An Act was also passed changing the name of Anne Arundel County to the
County of Providence, and prescribing the bounds thereof to be Herring Creek,
including all the plantations and lands unto the bounds of Patuxent County (sup-
posed to be the present Calvert), that is, to a creek called " Mr. Marshe's Creek,
otherwise called Oyster Creek."

11. All was peace in the Province until January, 1655, when the ship Golden
Fortune, Captain Tillman, arrived in Maryland. On it came a gentleman named
Eltonhead, who brought the information " that the Lord Baltimore kept his patent
and that his Highness (the Lord Protector) had neither taken the Lord Baltimore's j
patent from him nor his land."

12. By the same ship, it appears, came a letter from Lord Baltimore upbraiding
Governor Stone for resigning his government unto the hands of the commissioners
of the Lord Protector and commonwealth of England, without striking a blow.

13. Governor Stone needed no more encouragement to act. He re-assumed the
duties of Governor under his former commission, and determined to make a
manly struggle to obtain possession of the government of the province. He pro-
ceeded immediately to issue military commissions to officers, and to organize an
armed force in the loyal county of St. Mary's.

14. Which of the two sides, Lord Baltimore's or the Commissioners', Cromwell
sustained, is difficult to tell, in view of two letters on the subject, one written January
12th, 1655, and the other September 26th, which are palpable contradictions of each
other. This conflict of rights had gone so far. war, and not words, coidd only
decide it.

15. The overt act was committed by Governor Stone who despatched Mr. John
Hammond to recover the records of the province and to seize a magazine of anus
and ammunition gathered at Mr. Richard Preston's house at Patuxent, and belonging
to the Puritans.

16. Mr. Hammond saj-s : " I went unarmed amongst the sons of thunder, only
three or four" to row me, and despite all their braves of raising the country, calling
in his servants to apprehend me, threatened me with the severity of their new made
law, myself alone seized, and carried away the records in defiance."

Paeagraph 10. (a) What name was given to Anne Arundel county?

Paragraph 11. (a) What disturbed the peace of the Province?

Paragraph 12. («) For what did Lord Baltimore upbraid Governor Stone?

Pajragraph 13. |oi What did Governor Stone re-assume?

Paragraph 14. (a) Which side did Cromwell sustain?

Paragraph 15. (a) What overt act was committed by Governor Stone?

Paragraph 10. (a) What did Mr. Hammond say of this event?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 37

CHAPTER FOURTEENTH.

THE BATTLE OF THE SEVERN.

1. About the 20th of March, 1655, Governor Stone started from St. Mary's to
bring the unruly Puritans of Providence into subjection to Lord Baltimore's gov-
ernment. The forces of the Governor consisted of one hundred and thirty men.
Part of these marched by land up the southern peninsula, and were ferried across
the mouths of rivers and creeks in eleven or twelve small boats which the Governor
had pressed into his service. Advised of the advance of the St Mary's forces, the
Puritans sent messengers to meet the Governor, whom they found at Herring Bay,
in Anne Arundel county. No satisfactory answer being received, the Puritans sent
another message, of which they declared " that those that sent it, were grieved at
their hearts that ever it went out of their hands." This message recited that having
considered "the present transaction on your part, and have not a little marvelled
that no other answer of the last message hath been made, than what tendered rather
to make men desperate than conformable ; yet, being desirous of peace, do once
again present, to your serious consideration, these ensuing proposals." These pro-
posals were : "If you will govern us so as we may enjoy the liberty of English
subjects ; and that we be, and remain indemnified in respect of our engagement, and
all former acts relating to the inducement and government ; that those who are
minded to depart, the Province, may freely do it without any prejudice to them-
selves or estate ; we are content to own yourself as Governor and submit to your
government. If not, we are resolved to commit ourselves into the hands of God,
and rather die like men, than be made salves." No answer was returned to the
proposals; but, the Puritans declare, that the "paper in scorn" was sent back to
them. The proposals of peace were not only rejected, but the messengers were
seized. Three escaped and earned the news of the treatment of embassay back to
Providence.

2. On the appearance of Governor Stone and his fleet at the mouth of the
Severn, Captain Fuller, commander of the Puritans, called his counsellers together,
and sent his secretary, Mr. William Durand, and another of his counsellors, on
board the merchant ship Golden Lyon, Bogers Heamans, captain, then lying in the
harbor. There they made a requisition upon the, captain for the services of him-
self, his ship and his crew in defence of the town. Durand, at the same time,

Paragraph 1. (it) What did Governor Stone start upon in March, 1655? (6) Of what did this
force consist? (c) In what manner did these march? (il) How did the Puritans act on the approach
of the St. Mary's forces?

Paragraph 2. (a) How did Captain Fuller act on the appearance of Governor Stone's fleet?
(6) Upon whom did he make requisition for help? (c) What did Heamans manifest at first? (d)
What did Heamans offer?

38 A HISTORY OF UTOE ARUNDEL COtJNTY.

posted on tlic mainmast a proclamation by which Heamans " was required in the
name of the Protector and Commonwealth of England, and for the maintenance of
the just liberties, lives and estates of the free subject thereof, against an unjust
power, to be aiding and assisting in this service." Heamans manifested a real or
fictitious unwillingness to take part in the engagement, but says, after seeing the
equity nf the cause, and the groundless proceedings of the enemy, he offered him-
self, ship and men, for the service, to be directed by the same counsellors. Dr.
Barber, a parfcizan of Governor Stone, says, Heamans was hired by the Puritans to
take the part he afterward played.

3. Heamans relates that, on seeing the " cornvjany of sloops and boats making
towards the ship, the council on board, and the ship's company would have made
shot at them, but this relator commanded them to forbear, and went himself upon
the poop in the stern of the ship, and hailed them several times, and no answer
was made He then charged them not to come nearer the ship, but the enemy
kept rowing on their way and were come within shot of the ship ; his mates and
company having had information of their threatenings, as well against the ship as
the poor distressed people, resolved to fire upon them without their commander's
consent, rather than hazard all by the enemy's nearer approach, whereupon he
ordered them to fire a gun at random to divert their course from the ship, but the
enemy kept still course right with the ship, and took no notice of any warning
given. He then commanded his gunner to fire upon them, but one of his mates,
Mr. Robert Morris, who knew the country very well, the malace of the adversary
against these people who were then near worn out with fears and watchings, made
shot at them, which came fairly with them ; whereupon they suddenly altered their
course from the ship, and rowed into the creek, calling the skip's company dogs,
rogues and round-headed rogues, and with many execrations and railings, threatened
to fire upon them in the morning."

4. Governor Stone entered the mouth of Spa Creek, which forms the southern
boundary of the present city of Annapolis, and landed his forces on Horn Point, a
peninsula opposite Annapolis, and south of Spa Creek.

5. While the Governor was landing his men, Captain Heamans fired another
shot upon them. " The shot thereof lighting somewhat near to them, the Governor
deemed it most prudent to send a messenger on board the Golden Lyon to know
the reason of their conduct, with directions to the messengers to inform the captain
of the ship, that he (Gov. Stone) thought the captain of the ship was satisfied.
"To which, Captain Heamans, who and a younger brother," Mrs. Stone says,
"were great sticklers in the business," answered in a very blustering manner —

Paragraph 3. (o) What account of his action did Heamans give?

Paragraph i. (a) What creek did Governor Stone enter, and where did he land?

Paragraph 5. (a) When the Governor was landing his men. what action did Captain Heamans
take? (6) What did Governor Stone send to Heamans? (c) What conversation took place between
them?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 39

"Satisfied with what? I never saw any power Captain Stone had, to do as he hath
done, but the superscription of a letter. I must, and will, appear for these in a
good cause."

6. "The same night," says Heamans, "came further intelligence from the
enemy in the harbor, that they were making fireworks against the ship." On this
the Puritans "commanded a small ship of Captain Cut's, of New England, then in
the river, to lie in the mouth of the creek to prevent the enemy's coming forth in
the night, to work any mischief against the ship."

7. The St. Mary's men evidently looked upon the campaign as one of certain
triumph, and like Goliah of Gath, before the armies of Israel, they defied the hosts
of the Puritans.

8. Approaching on the morrow by a narrow neck of land, near which their
vessels were moored, the Cavaliers, with sound of drum and railings loud, called to
their enemies : "Come, ye rogues; come, ye rogues; roundheaded dogs." On this
the Captain of the Golden Lyon fired his fourth and this time, fatal shot, killing
one of the St. Mary's men.

9. The day, the 25th of March, was the Sabbath, but religion and fighting are
professions the Puritans always mix. So, while the Governor was putting his troops
in martial array, the Puritans were already in his rear. Their little band of one
hundred and twenty, under Capt. Wm. Fuller, had marched out of town, around the
head of Spa Creek, a detour of six miles, and now appeared behind the Governor's
army.

10. The sentry of the St. Mary's men fired the signal shot, when " Captain
Fuller still expecting, that then at least, possibly they might give a reason of their
coming, commanded his men, upon pain of death, not to shoot a gun, or give the
first onset, setting up the standard of the commonwealth of England, against which
the enemy shot five or six guns, and killed one man in the front before the shot was
made by the other." "Then," continues Mr. Leonard Strong, "the word was given,
'In the name of God fall on; God is our strength.'' The cry of the St. Mary's
men was : "Hey, for St. Mary's." Thus the battle of the Severn began.

11. The charge was fierce but brief. "Through the glorious presence of the
Lord of Hosts," says the contemporary author, "manifested in and towards his
poor, oppressed people, the enemy could not endure, but gave back ; and were so
effectually charged home, that they were all routed, turned their backs, threw down

Paragraph 6. (a) What intelligence came from the St. Mary's party to Heamans? (b) On this
what action did the Puritans take?

Paragraph 7. (a) How did the St. Mary's men look upon the campaign?

Paragraph 8. (a) What railing speech did the St. Mary's men make to the Puritans?

Paragraph 9. (a) How did the Puritans act the next day?

Paragraph 10. (a) Who fired the first shot? (b) What command did Captain Fuller give?
(O What followed upon the first man being killed?

Paragraph 11. (a) To whom did the Puritans attribute their victory? (//| Who were taken
prisoners? (c) How many were killed and wounded on either side?

40 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

their arms, and begged for mercy. After the first volley of shot, a small company
of the enemy, from behind a great tree fallen, galled us, and wounded divers of our
men, but were soon driven off. Of the whole company of Marylanders, there only
escaped four or five, who ran away out of the army to carry news to their confed-
erates. Capt. Stone, Colonel Price, Capt. Gerrard, Capt. Lewis, Capt. Kendall
(probably Fendall), Capt. Guither, Major Chandler, and all the rest of the coun-
sellors, officers, and soldiers of the Lord Baltimore, among whom both commanders
and soldiers, a great number being Papists, were taken, and so were their vessels,
arms, ammunition, provisions, about fifty men slain and wounded. We lost only two
men in the field, but two died since of their wounds. God did appear wonderful in
the field, and in the hearts of the people, all confessing Him to be the only worker
of this victory and deliverance."

12. However much the Puritans attributed the fate of battle to the Almighty,
after the contest was once over, they laid aside His precepts and proceeded to close
matters after their own will. Dr. Barber, an author of that period, writing in the
interests of the St. Mary's men, says : " After the skirmish, the Governor, upon
quarter given him and all his company in the field, yielded to be taken prisoners,
but two or three days after, the victors condemned ten to death, and executed four,
and had executed all, had not the incessant petitioning and begging of some good
women saved some, and the soldiers others ; the Governor himself being condemned
by them and since begged by the soldiers, some being saved just as they were
leading to execution."

13. Those who- were executed were Mr. William Eltonkead, Lieut. William
Lewis, Mr. Leggett, and John Pedro, a German. Governor Stone, though his life
was spared, was treated with great cruelty, and, while in prison, suffering from a
severe wound received in the battle, neither his friends nor his wife were allowed to
visit him.

14. The year after this battle, the 23d of October, 1656, Lord Baltimore sent
instructions to his Lieutenant and Council, in which he required the people of Anne
Arundel to quietly and peacefully submit to his Lordship's Patents as he used and
exercised the same there before the troubles began, viz., in the year 1650, and
according to the advice of the said Trade Committee, which had decided that Lord
Baltimore was entitled to the government of the Province of Maryland.

15. 'He added, "His Lordship wills and requires his said Lieutenant and
Council that the Law in the said Province instituted, An Act concerning Keligion
and passed heretofore there with his Lordship's assent, Whereby all persons who
profess to believe in Jesus Christ have liberty of conscience and free exercise of

Pabagraph 12. (a) How many prisoners did the victors condemn to death? (5) Who saved
some of them from execution?

Paragraph 13. (o) Who were executed? (b) How was Governor Stone treated?

Paragraph 14. (a) What instructions did the Proprietary send to Maryland in October, 1656?

Paragraph 15. (a) What instructions did the Proprietary give concerning the free exercise of
religion?

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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 41

their religion there, be duly observed in the said province by all the inhabitants
thereof, and that the penalties mentioned in the said act be duly put in execution
upon any offenders against the same, or any part thereof."

16. The Province was restored to Lord Baltimore in March, 1658, he having
been deprived of it six years.

CHAPTER FIFTEENTH.

THE STRONG CHARACTERS IN ANNE ARUNDEL FORCE THE HAND OF

GOVERNMENT.

1. The strong characters, residing in Anne Arundel, continued to force the hand
of government to action. In 1681, Lord Baltimore himself, Charles Calvert, then
living in the Province, issued what was called a "declaration," in Anne Arundel, the
substance of which does not appear to be extant. This affected the people of the
Province to such a degree that, when the General Assembly met in November, 16S1,
they called upon his Lordship for a copy of the declaration. The Upper House
replied that it had " received in charge from his Lordship to lett the Lower House
know that the frequent clamours of the Quakers in Anne Arundel moved his Lord-
ship to this Declaration, and that, for the future, he is fully resolved to publish the
proceedings of all Assemblies for the satisfaction of the people of the Province in
general."

2. Anne Arundel, in 1682, was mentioned in one of the Acts of Assembly as
one of the greater counties of the Province, its name coming in the list immediately
after St. Mary's. At the session of Assembly of 1683, the Lower House moved to
Lord Baltimore to name a place in which he would have the future assemblies meet
that they might make provision for the public buildings. The Lower House was
encouraged to make this request by the speech of Lord Baltimore at the opening
of the Session, and, more particularly, by his convening the Assembly, and appoint-
ing the Provincial Court to be held at the Ridge, in Anne Arundel, near the centre
of the Province, for the great ease and general convenience of the inhabitants.

PARAGKArH 16. (a) When was the Province restored to Lord Baltimore?

Paragraph 1. (a) What did the strong characters residing in Anne Arundel force? (b) What
did Lord Baltimore issue in 1681? (c) For what did the Legislature call? (rfi What reply did the
Upper House make to this demand?

Paragraph 2. («) How was Anne Arundel mentioned in one of the Acts of 1682? (7)) Where
had the Provincial Court of the Province been held and the Assembly convened? (c) What had some
enterprising citizens of Anne Arundel agreed to do? (d) What reply did the Upper House make to
this?

42 A HISTORY <>F ANNE ARUNDEL COUNT?.

Smne of tlie enterprising citizens of Anne Arundel were, at this time, so anxious to
have the capital in the county, that they had agreed to erect public buildings, and
to wait on the Province for the payment for them. The Upper House in reply to
the message of the Lower House in relation to the removal of the capital, said that
his Lordship declared "that when a Conveniency shall lie provided in South River,
in Anne Arundel County, sufficient for the reception of his Lordship and Council
and for holding of Assemblies and the Provincial Courts, and the several and
respective offices thereon depending, his Lordship will make use thereof for such
ends, so long as he shall see convenient." With this reply the matter of the
removal ended for the time.

3. Anne Arundel had from its settlement a martial spirit. At the inspection
of arms of the Province, in 1678, Anne Arundel was holding, at the time of the
enumeration, fifty of the muskets of the public.

i. There was, at the Session of 16S3, evidence of great rivalry between the
West River and South River sections for the erection of a town. The Lower House
was of opinion that, from the reasons offered by the delegation from Anne Arundel,
it would be to the convenience of all the inhabitants, living between Herring Creek
and South River, to have a town upon West River. The Upper House replied that
the Lord Proprietary had reserved the right to erect towns to be equally privileged
with the towns named in the Act. Londontown, on South River, was, thereupon,
erected into a port of entry, and many lots were sold in the ambitions settlement.

CHAPTER SIXTEENTH.

THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN THE COUNTY AND THE DEVELOPMENT

OF ANNE ARUNDEL.

1. By joint contributions of labor and materials, the first church of the Puri-
tans in Anne Arundel was built near the Magothy River, in the Third District, upon
land adjoining that of Elder William Durand. Mr. Philip Thomas, a strict Puritan,

Paragraph 3. (a) What spirit had Anne Arundel from its settlement? (6) At the inspec-
tion of the Province in 1678, how many public muskets did the county hold?

Pabagbaph 4. no What sections were in rivalry in 1683 for the erection of a town? i//i
What place did tin- Lower Hous,- saj off. -red the greatest convenience to all the inhabitants? (e) What
reply did the Upper House make? (d) What town was thereupon erected into a port of entry?

Paragraph 1. on When- was t lie first church of the Puritans built? (6) From what colony
were the Quakers driven? (c) Who welcomed them to Maryland? (d) Where was a Quaker Sleet-
ing House built? (e) Who lectured in this meeting house in 1672? (f) What place became the

re of the Quaker faith? (g) What is a landmark in West River today?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 43

lived on the premises and took care of the meeting-house. Driven from Virginia,
the Quakers, or Friends, as they called themselves, took refuge, in Maryland. They
were welcomed by the Puritans, who, in turn, began to drift towards the belief of
the Friends. Philip Thomas was converted to their faith, and, gradually, the
Puritan element was absorbed largely in the Quaker faith. At West River a house
of worship was built for the yearly meeting of the Friends, and, in 1672, George
Fox lectured to large assemblages in the Puritan Meeting-House on the Magothy.
West River became a centre of the faith of the Friends, and. the Quaker Burying
Ground is one af the landmarks of that section today.

2. In civic affairs the Quakers, also, made themselves felt. Philip Thomas,
Thomas Thurston, and Josias Cole, in 1658, petitioned the Council to allow the
Friends exemption from military duties, and the privilege of affirmation for an oath.
They were put under arrest for addressing such a " presumptions letter " to the
government. Thurston was taken, but the return of the sheriff in Cole case was
that he was at "Ann Arundell seducing the people and dissuading them from taking
the oath of Agreement." In the same year, because the Quakers would "presumptu-
ously staud covered" in Court in contempt of an order, the Council, held in Anne
Arundel, banished them from the Province, and an order, issued in 1659, by the
Council, described the Friends, as " vagabonds and idle persons, known by the name
of Quakers." Because they dissuaded the people from complying with the military
discipline of the Province, and from giving testimony, and being jurors and holding
offices, the Council directed justices of the peace to have the Quakers arrested, "and
whipped from Constable to Constable until they be sent out of the Province."

3. In 1683, Annapolis was known as "The Town at Proctors." In 1689,
Anne Arundel was reported "as being the richest and most populous "of the whole
Province." Indeed, from the very settlement of the county, Anne Arundel took a
leading place in the affairs of the Province.

4. In 1654, it was ordered by the Puritan Legislature that the inhabitants of
Herring-Creek and the Cliffs pay their levies into Anne Arundel county. The first
citizen of Anne Arundel to be naturalized was Anthony Demouderer, who desired an
act of the Legislature passed in 1671, giving him naturalization.

5. In 1683, the following ports were established in Anne Arundel County :
The Town at Proctors ; at South River on Col. William Burgess's Land ; at Herring-
Creek, on the Town Land. In 1684, another port was made at West River, upon
the land of John Hillen, deceased, and the land adjacent thereto.

Paragraph 2. in) In what other affairs did the Quakers make themselves felt? (6) What
petition did Philip Thomas, Thomas Thurston and Josias Cole make to the Council in 1658? (c)
What was the result of this memorial? km What return was made in Cole's case? (>) How did an
order of the Council describe the Quakers? (/) Because of the Quakers dissuaded the people from
performing military and civil duties, what order was given to the justices of the peace?

Paragraph 3. (a) By what name was Annapolis known in 1683? (b) What was reported of
Anne Arundel in 1689? in From its settlement, what place did Anne Arundel take?

Paragraph 4. (a) What was ordered by the Puritan Legislature of 1654? (6) Who was the
first citizen of Anne Arundel to be naturalized?

Paragraph 5. (a) What ports were established in Anne Arundel in 1683? What one in 1684?

44 A HISTOID up ANNE AIU'XDEI. COUNTY.

6. In 1671, the question arose in the Legislature whether Calvert or Anne
Arundel County hail precedence on the roll of the House of Burgesses. That pre-
cedence being decided by the test of the earliest erection into a county, it was declared
that the members from Anne Arundel had the precedence. In 1662, one of the
delegates from Anne Arundel, Kobert Burle, wrote a seditious pamphlet and pub-
lished it in the county of Anne Arundel. The Upper House, at the request of the
Lower, suspended Burle. Burle then acknowledged his hearty sorrow for the
pamphlet, which he claimed he had "committed inconsiderately through infirmity
and weakness." Burle was, thereupon, allowed to go to the House and make his
acknowledgment of his faults, which was ordered to be entered on the journal.

7. The love of strong drink was apparent amongst the early settlers. In
April. 1654, Thomas Belchoir, of Anne Arundel, was given a license to keep an inn
or ordinary to "sell beer, wine, strong waters, or any other fitting and wholesome
drink, victualls or provisions." At the yearly meeting of the Friends, at the Kidge,
in the Herring-Creek Hundred, the irreligious gathered and ran horse-races and
sold and drank strong waters to such an extent that the Friends had to obtain an
Act of the Legislature to prevent these obnoxious proceedings. The Legislature,
at a later period, passed an Act forbidding the erection of booths for the sale of
liquor on holidays.

8. In 1686, Anne Arundel contained three towns of sufficient importance as to
require town officers. These officers were at Severn, being Captain Richard Hill, and
any two commissioners of the county ; New London, or Londontown, Mr. Edward
Burgess, and any two commissioners ; at Herring Creek Town, Mr. Thomas Knighton
and any two commissioners. The settlers of Anne Arundel were persons of the highest
tvpe of character, furnishing both civil as well as military officers for the govern-
ment of the Province. In 1669 Samuel Chew, of Herrington, (Herring Town,) was
made a member of the Governor's Council and one of the Justices of the Provincial
Court. Amongst the dignities of this office was that of being made the Keeper of
thf Seal of Anne Arundel County. In 1681, Col. William Burgess, was com-
mander of the foot soldiers of Anne Arunnel, and Col. Thomas Tailler, of Anne
Arundel, commanded the horse of Anne Arundel, Baltimore and part of Calvert
Counties.

9. The county had new commissioners appointed in 1685, and out of these,
two town commissioners were also taken, to make a legal governing body for the

Paragraph 6. (a) What question arose in 1071? |/<| How was it decided? (c) What did
Robert Burle, a delegate from Anne Arundel write, in 1682? (d) What action did the Upper House
take in the matter? (e) What amends did Burle make?

Paragraph 7. (a) What was apparent amongst the early settlers? (6) What license was given

I as Belchoir in 1654? n Who gathered at the yearly meetings of the Friends? (d) What did

the Friends obtain to prevent these gatherings?

Paragraph 8. («> How many towns had town officers in Anne Arundel in 1686? (6) What
were these towns? (c) Who were their Commissioners? (<i) Who was made a member of the Gov-
ernor's Council in 1669? (e) Who was Commander of the Foot Soldiers in Anne Arundel in 1681. and
who of the Horse of Anne Arundel?

Paragraph 9. (o) Who were the Commissioners of the county in 1685?

A HISTOBY OF ANNE ABUHDEL COUOTT. 45

towns. They were Capfc. Richard Hill, Major Nicholas Gassaway, Capt. Edward

Burgess, Capt. Edward Dorsey. Mr. Hhut Kidgely, Mr. Richard Beard, Mr. John
Sollers, Mr. Henry Constable, Mr. John Hammond, Mr. Thomas Tench, Capt.
Nicholas Greenberry, Mr. James Knighton, Mr. James Ellis.

10. The most important change in the political affairs of Anne Arundel was,
when in 1694, the General Assembly changed the seat of government from St.
Mary's to Annapolis. The Protestant Revolution in the Province, in 1689, had,
without the shedding of blood, taken possession of Maryland in the name of
William and Mary, of England, and the inconvenience of reaching St. Mary's to
most of the people, with its strong Catholic population, put it in disfavor with the
Protestant Revolutionists, and, notwithstanding a vigorous and plaintive protest
from the people of St. Mary's. Annapolis was selected as the capital of the Provi-

11. Dignified with the seat of government, Annapolis put on its honors with
the stir of a new vitality. Chapter "2nd, of the Session of 1695, made the name of
the capital, Annapolis. The first State House was ordered to be built, and a ferrj
was established over Severn River. The next year money was voted for a church . a
Bridewell was built, a market-house ordered to be erected, a map of Annapolis was
made, and it was directed that " an handsome pair of gates be made at ye coming
in of the towne, and two triangular houses built for ye rangers.' King William's
School was established the same year.

12. The foundation of the first State House was laid in Annapolis on April
30th, 1696. In 1704, this Stat.- House was burned down. A new one was imme-
diately erected, which was torn down in 1772 to make room for tin- third State
House — the present one.

13. An attempt was made in 1707 to burn Annapolis. Richard Clarke was the
author of this plot. It created great excitement at the capital. Clarke was charged
with treason and a bill of attainder passed. He does not seem to have been appre-
hended.

11. On the 10th of August, 1708. Annapolis received its charter as a city, that
honor bein^ granted it by the Honorable John Seymour, the royal Governor of
Maryland. The City Council at that date was : Mayor — Amos Garrett. Recorder —
Wornell Hunt. Aldermen — William Bladen, John Freemen, Benjamin Fordham,
Evan Jones, Thomas Boardley and Josiah Wilson.

Pabagkaph 10. (a) What was the most important change in the political affairs of Anne
Arundel? (b) Who had taken possession of Maryland without the shedding of bl<

Pabagkaph 11. iai What improvements took place when Annapolis became the seat of govern-
ment?

Pabagbaph 12. (a) When was the foundation of the first State House laid.' :h, What hap-
pened to this State Hou^er (e) When was thesecond erected? (d) When the present and third one?

Pabagbaph 13. <a) Who attempted to burn Annapolis in 1707?

Pabagbaph 14. (a) When did Annapoli- its charter as a city? J,, Who granted the

charter.' (c) Who composed its first Council?

46 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

15. "A Prospect to Annapolis " was laid off May 24th, 1720. It comprised
two lots of ground, one called Durand's Place, the other Woodchurch's Pest. It lay
on the North Side of Severn.

16. Ten acres ware laid off into half acre lots in Annapolis and donated to
tradesmen, to encourage artizans to settle in the city.

CHAPTER SEVENTEENTH.

ANNE ARUNDEL REFUSES TO SANCTION THE OVERTHROW OF LORD

BALTIMORE'S GOVERNMENT.

1. There was but one Catholic family in Anne Arundel in 1689. The inhabitants
of the county were composed almost entirely of Puritans and Friends, but the
dissenting citizens of Anne Arundel did not approve of the Protestant Revolution
that overthrew Lord Baltimore's government in 1689. A reason may be found for
their loyalty to Lord Baltimore, in that, as Dissenters, they did not desire the
ascendancy of the Churchmen in the Province. The county was so much opposed
to the Revolution that it declined to send delegates to the Convention called by the
Revolutionists to enact laws for the Province.

2. One of the incidents, growing out of this condition of public sentiment, was
the arrest of Captain Richard Hill, a leading citizen of Herring Creek, in Anne
Arundel. Captain Hill was charged, on the oath of John Hammond, that "at
August Court, in the year 1689, at London Towne," with having a great difference
with Hammond "concerning the present juncture of affairs here in Maryland, the
said Hill was so enraged against the present proceedings here in Maryland, and
that he swore he would prevent all such rebellion, and that it was rebellion in the
highest degree in those persons that had taken up arms against Lord Baltimore or
interest. Thereupon, the said Hill had advised the deponent not to forfeit his
lands and estates, if not his life, under pretence of serving, he did not know how a
King William (but pray) be not too hasty in serving the Prince of Orange, before
you are certain that he is King of England, which is to be questioned whether he

Paragraph 15. (a) What was laid off in May, 1720?

Paragraph 16. loi What was done to encourage artizans to settle in Annapolis'.-'

Paragraph 1. («) How many Catholic families were there in Anne Arundel in 1869? (6) Of
what faith were the inhabitants of Anne Arundel composed? (c) Of what did not citizens of
Anne Arundel approve? (d) What reason may he found for their loyalty to Lord Baltimore?
o i What did the county decline to do?

Paragraph 2. km What was one of the incidents glowing out of tins condition of public senti-
ment?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 47

is King of England, or not, and swore by bis God, if he were so, be could not give
account bow be could come by tbe Crown of England by fair play, for be could
claim no right, neither by descent, law or justice, and that it was treason to pro-
claim the Prince of Orange King of England, and that he would prove when called
by good law, and quoted the Lord Coke ; and that the said Hill some time after, in
the month of September, did meet with the said deponent and did then insist the
most of the above said words, with many scurrilous speeches."

3. Captain Hill who was further charged with having taken up arms against
the new government in Maryland, had to seek refuge in Virginia. He was, beside,
accused of treason to his Majesty. In November, 1690, Captain Hill, with other
leading citizens of the Province, presented a petition to the King, reciting that John
Coode and his accomplices had seized the government in a tumultuous manner, and
plundered the petitioners' estates and imprisoned their persons, and they asked
that Coode with one Kenelm Cheseldyne, one of his accomplices, and both then in
London, be summoned before the King to answer the complaint. Thomas Knighton,
Samuel Chew, Thomas Tailler and Edward Dorsey, citizens of Anne Arundel county,
joined with Captain Hill in his remonstrance to the King. Coode and Chesel-
dyne made an answer to this remonstrance relating in full the proceedings of the
revolutionists in taking possession of Maryland, and denying any knowledge of
damage being done to the petitioners. On January 1st, 1690, the Lords of the
Committee of Trade and Plantations in England reported to his Majesty, that they
were of opinion that Col. Henry Darnell and Captain Pachard Hill, who have given
bond for their good behaviour for words alleged to have been spoken against your
Majesty before your accession to the Crown and the late Act of Indemnity, may be
released of their bail, and discharged from any further attendance on that occasion.
The King in Council was pleased to approve of the report and ordered the release
of Col. Darnell and Captain Hill. Captain Hill retained the confidence of the people
of his county, and represented them in the House of Burgesses in the sessions of
1698 and 1699.

4. The revolution left its sting in Maryland, and the chief actors in it did not
look upon differences of opinion so lightly when they had an opportunity to vent
their ill will. In 1693, Thomas Bland, of Anne Arundel, made petition to Governor
Lionell Copley who had been appointed the Eoyal Governor for Maryland, reciting
that the " Petitioner being deeply sensible of our Sovereign Lord and Lady, the
King and Queen's Majesties princely bounty and goodness to this, their Majesties
Province of Maryland, and more particularly, in placing your Excellency to be
ruler and Governor over their Majesties subjects inhabiting the same, by means

Paragraph 3. (o) What was Captain Hill further charged with? (6) What second charge was
made against Captain Hill? (c) What petition did Captain Hill, with other leading citizens, in
1690, pi-esent to the King? (d) What answer did Coode and Cheseldyne make to this petition'
(e) What report was made by the Lords of the Committee of Trade and Plantations upon this
matter? if) What action did* the King take? (</) What proof of confidence did the people give to
Captain Hill?

Paragraph 4. (a) Did the chief actors look lightly on differences of opinion? (b) What peti-
tion did Thomas Bland make?

48 A HISTORY (IF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

whereof we are not only freed from the fears arid dangers of Popish tyranny and
oppression, but from other calamities and miseries the people groaned under, which
being now changed into repose, quiet and lawful liberty, there is nothing further
wanting to the composing the minds of men in agreement, peace and plenty, save
only the dutiful return of veneration and obedience from the people of this, their
Majesties Province, in acknowledging their fatherly tenderness and indulgence in
placing your Excellency to lie ruler over us. Your Petitioner, in contemplation of
so ample goodness and that he may, in some measure, be serviceable to this their
Majesties Province, under the lawful government of your Excellency, humbly prays
that he may be admitted to be sworn one of their Majesties Attorneys of the Pro-
vincial Court, where your petitioner has been a practitioner above twenty years, in
which employment your petitioner desires to spend the remainder of his life, not
only in defending their Majesties rights by Law, but shall always be ready to lay
down his life and fortunes at their Majesties feet, and at the feet of your Excellency
as Governor against all opposition whatsoever. And your petitioner shall ever pray
for your Excellency's long life and prosperity."

5. A facetious answer, cruel in its effect, was the reply to this unctions petition.
In the Council Proceedings it is recorded, that " it being informed his Excellency
and this Board that the Petitioner had, upon the late Revolution, approved himself
a person disaffected to their Majesties and the present government, as per several
depositions taken against him, especially one by Mr. William Hopkins, of the same
county, may appear, which being produced and read, it was ordered that, for
answer to the within written petition, the petitioner is referred to the following
copy of a deposition taken by Mr. William Hopkins, as the reason why they have
thought fit to reject the same."

6. The deposition of Hopkins was : " Saith that, as the deponent was going to
the County Court, in Sejuternber, 1689, Thomas Bland asked the deponent what
made him so rebellious against the Lord Baltimore, and asked, if he had not
sufferred enough in the Province already for his being so obstinate against the
Papists, and yet, for all your sufferings, you will assist in the oversetting of the
government, and think to be relieved by one, as you pretend, is now King of
England ; but you are deceived for the Prince of Orange is not King of England,
nor ever is like to be, and this is treason in the highest degree to act so against the
Lord Baltimore, and, therefore, you will lose both your life and livings from your
heirs forever, if you desist not from your rebellion, and, besides, you know if you
had, at any time, any suit at law in the Court, you could never have justice done
you because you were always looked upon as the greatest rebel against the Papists
in all Maryland, and now you think to be relieved by this King William, (as you
call him,) for it is not in his power to relieve you, for the Lord Baltimore is no
ways subordinate or dependent to the Crown of England ; but is absolute here of
himself in this Province. And, if King William that usurped, should take by force

Paragraph 5. (a) What answer was made to this petition?
Paragraph 6. What did Hopkins say in his deposition?

PROF. HENEY E. WALLACE,

Elected Examiner of the Public Schools of Anne Arundel

County, November 10th, 1905.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 49

this Province from my Lord, he could not be King of it, but, must be but a Pro-
prietor of the same, for it was freely given to my Lord for an absolute place of
refuge for the Papists, and you are all but intruders into their privileges, and my
Lord is not bound by his charter to maintain the Protestant Religion though you
say he is, and, therefore, for your rebellion against the Lord Baltimore, you will
all be hanged, and your King William, as you call him, neither can nor hath any
power to relieve you in this Province, and you know you have suffered enough
already in your last suit in chancery, and when I came to Court Captain Hill, and
this deponent had some words, and Bland said : - See what Captain Hill says to
you before these gentlemen, and yet you will not be quiet.' '

7. In due course of time Mr. Bland was fully restored to his rights, of citizenship,
if not sworn as an attorney of the Provincial Court, for, in 169(1, he appears in the
list of military officers in Anne Arundel County who signed the Maryland Associa-
tion's address, presented to his Sacred Majesty, upon the news arriving in the
Province "of the horrible intended conspiracy against his royal person."

CHAPTER EIGHTEENTH.

THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN ANNE ARUNDEL FROM THE PROTESTANT
REVOLUTION TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION— 1689-1776.

1. With the passage of the Act of 1692, chapter 2, which established the
Protestant Religion in Maryland, the ascendancy of the Puritan and Quaker element
began to wane.

2. Annapolis, with all its fashionable dissipations, had in it a strong religious
element, and many notable clergymen ministered to its spiritual needs. Amongst
these were the great George Whitfield, who in 1740, visited Annapolis, and preached
on November 5th, a day of thanksgiving. His sermon was from the text, "Righte-
ousness exalteth a nation." Proverbs, 14:28. As the service ended, it was
concluded by the untoward incident, the ornament at the back of the Speaker's pew,
struck by a heavy gust of wind, gave way, and struck several gentlemen. When the
Methodists began their preaching in Maryland, one of their ministers visited the
citv and preached.

Pabagrhph 7. To what was Bland restored in the course of time?
Paragraph 1. (a) What was established by Act of 1692, chapter 2?

Paragraph 2. (a) What strong element had Annapolis in it? (6) Who preached in Annapolis
in 1746? (c) Name an incident during his preaching? (d) Who besides preached in Annapolis?

50 A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY.

3. In 1773, a fierce controversy occurred between the friends of the clergy and
the opponents of Gov. Eden. He hud issued a proclamation giving the clergy forty
pounds of tobacco per poll, instead of thirty, that some claimed was the law. The
proclamation had an ill-timed birth, for it was issued about the same time that
another was proclaimed, that fixing the fees of public- officers, which the Legislature
claimed alone the right to ascertain. At that period the Reverend Jonathan Boucher
was the rector of St. Anne's. His learning was broad and his piety was exalted.
In the discussion that followed the proclamation, he proved himself an able
expounder of the law and a brilliant essayist.

i. The Established Church of England, when not supported by law, in the
Province of Maryland, had made no progress at all in Anne Arundel count}', a section
composed almost entirely of members of the dissenting denominations. The earliest
information of the condition of the Church of England, in Maryland, is given in a
letter written in 1675, by the Rev. Mr. Yeo, of Patuxent, to the Archbishop of
Canterbury. He wrote, that " the Province of Maryland is in a deplorable condi-
tion for want of an established ministry. Here are ten or twelve counties, and in
them at least twenty thousand souls ; and but three Protestant ministers of the
Church of Eugland. The priests are provided for, and the Quakers take care of
those that are speakers ; but no care is taken to build up churches of the Protestant
religion. The Lord's day is profaned ; religion is despised, and all notorious vices
are committed ; so that it is become a Sodom of uncleanness and a pest house of
iniquity. As the Lord Baltimore is lately gone for England, I have made bold to
address this to your grace, to beg that your grace would be pleased to solicit him
for some established support for the Protestant ministry."

5. The support given the priests was not by law, for none was on the statute
books ; besides, at the period in which this letter was written, that of the Protestant
Revolution, there were in the Province of Maryland thirty Protestants to one Catholic,
and there was perfect peace between them. The Act of 1692, Chapter 2, establishing
the Protestant Religion in Maryland, gave the commissioners of the County, that is,
the judges of the County Courts, the power to divide the several counties into
parishes. Four were established in Anne Arundel, one embracing the Herring
Creek section, called Herring Creek; one on the South River, called South River;
one between South and Severn Rivers, called Middle Neck, at present St. Anne's,
and one between Severn and Magothy Rivers, called Broad Neck. On the arrival of
Governor Francis Nicholson, in the Province in 1694, he commenced immediately
the erection of the only brick church in all Maryland. This was St. Anne's, which

Paragraph 3. i«i "What jurred in 1773 between the clergy and friends of tin- opponents of

Gov. Eden? i//i What was the occasion of this controversy? n Who was rector of St. Anne's at
this time? o/i What iliil he prove himself to hey

Paragraph 4. km What did Rev. Mr. Yeo say of the condition of the Province at this period?

Par \graph 5. on What were the number of Protest ants to Catholics in Maryland at this time'
(b) What was the state of feeling between them ? (c) What authority was given by chapter 2, 1692,
to the Commissioners of the county? (d) How many parishes were established in Anne Arundel,
and what were t heir names? (e) When was the first brick church erected in Maryland? When?
and by whom? t/i How many churches have- there been on this site?

A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 51

remained until 1774, when a new brick chinch was erected, which was burned down
in 1858. The present edifice was then built upon the site of the two former ones.
Under the law of the Province every taxable person in the Province had to pay forty
pounds of tobacco a year for himself and for each member of his family to support
the established clergy.

6. In 1700, that earnest friend of religion and education, Dr. Pray, of England,
arrived in Maryland to aid the cause of establishing the Church of England in the
Province and of diffusing education amongst the people. He made his headquarters
at Annapolis, and received the thanks of the Assembly for his labors. On May 23,
1700, all the Established Clergy of Maryland met at Annapolis. Out of the seven-
teen that composed the body, three were from Anne Arundel.

7. The members of the Legislature who voted the means to sustain the clergy
and the manner of collecting their tithes, elected on political grounds, were not
always earnest in their support of the regular ministry, and did not make provision
for the prompt payment of their poll of tobacco, and were even accused of endeavor-
ing to starve the clergy out. The right, under the charter, for the Proprietary to
nominate the ministers to the parishes, led, in later times, especially under the pro-
prietaryship of the last Lord Baltimore, a dissolute and profligate character, to
many abuses, which the great body of the ministers, who were men of acceptable
character, could not pre-vent. The power to dismiss was not vested in the clergy,
and they could not purge themselves of improper persons. A number of immoral
men were thus appointed to vacancies, and amongst these was the notorious
Bennett Allen, who came to Maryland, under the special care of Frederick, Lord
Baltimore. He came for the prize of a good rich living, and was most grasping in
his efforts in obtaining it.

8. Arriving in Maryland, in 1700, and bringing with him the "great, personal
regard and friendship" of Lord Baltimore who ■ proposed, in his Lordship's letter
to Governor Sharpe, that "he shall have one of the best" livings. A graduate and
fellow of Wadharu College, Oxford, on April 20th, 1767, Allen presented to the
vestry of St. Anne's, in Annapolis, his letters of induction as rector of the parish.
For a year all went well, the rector being held in general esteem, and, with a lavish
hand, spending his whole year's income to improve the glebe house. On the 24th
of October, the Governor gave Mr. Allen a license as the curate of St. James'
Parish in Anne Arundel County. This raised at once the question whether, or

Paragraph 6. (a) Who arrived in Maryland in 1700? (6) Where did he make his headquarters?
(c) What did he receive? (d) Who met in Annapolis in May, 1700?

Paragraph 7. (o) Was the support of the clergy an earnest one? Why nut? (/<) What did
the right of the proprietary to nominate the ministers lead to? (c) Of what was the great body of
the ministers composed? (d) What prevented them from purging themselves of improper persons?
(e) What notorious character came to Maryland under the care of Lord Baltimore?

Paragraph 8. (a) When did Allen arrive? (b) What did he bring with him? (c) Whai did Lord
Baltimore propose that Allen should have? (i/i To what parish was he inducted? (e) How long did
matters go on well? (/) What was given Allen in October, 17t>7? (g) What question did this raise?
(/U To what did the dispute lead?

52 A HISTOKY OF ANN]! ARUNDEL COUNTY.

not, a clergyman could hold two parishes at the same time, and to a most serious
altercation between Mr. Samuel Chew, one of the vestry of St. James, and the pro-
posed incumbent of the Parish.

9. On the 6th of January, 1768, Mr. Allen, haying gone down to St. James to
take possession, stopped at Mr. Chew's house, who asked him in, and was about to
make a howl of punch to refresh the minister, when Mr. Allen told Mr. Chew that
he intended to rent out the Glebes. Mr. Chew told Allen that he had no right to
do it, and, pointing to the acts of Assembly, said "there's the Act of Assembly.''
After Allen had read it, being asked by Mr. Chew "what he thought of it," the
minister replied : "You don't consider the spirit of the law." Mr. Chew replied :
"Yon don't consider your own interest and the spirit of the devil perhaps." The
minister replied, that "he was surprised that so many learned men in the law could
not construe the spirit of the law," and repeatedly accused the vestryman of his
former promise to vote for his holding two parishes, and of his not complying with
his word. The vestryman acknowledged that he had made this promise, but that
he had changed his opinion of the propriety of it, though he had voted for him,
and that Mr. Allen, in mentioning the matter, did not use him as a gentleman.

10. The minister continued to speak of the promise, when Mr. Chew told him
he might say what he pleased for that he should not change his mind again about
it to be ridiculed and blamed by the people, as they had blamed him for what he
had done already. Mr. Allen, laying his hands on Mr. Chew's shoulder, said : —
"My friend, you shan't he blamed about it. I'll take the burthen off your shoulders."
Mr. Chew, as Mr. Allen continued to talk about the matter, finding himself unable
to control his temper, rose to leave the room ; but, as the vestryman was going, he
heard the minister say something that he did not understand, when he walked across
the room, instead of out of it. Mr. Allen too rose from his seat and crossed the room,
and again mentioned the promise of the vestryman, and said that " such alterations
were surprising ; but he knew whence the change came; wished that he had been a
month or two forwarded; that he expected letters from home which would convince
some people. My Lord's authority was greater here than the people expected."
Pausing, the minister added : "I know where this sudden change comes from. Ay,
Dulany, Dulany ! " To this Mr. Chew answered : "Sir, you have no right to reflect
on any Gentleman, for I give you my word and honor, I have had no conversation
with Mr. Dulany, nor know his sentiments on it." Allen repeated several times
that he doubted it. A Bible lying on a desk near the vestryman, he laid his hands
on it, and said : "Sir, I can here solemnly swear that I have had no conversation
with Mr. Dulany. nor know anything of his being your enemy in it, than you have
told me yourself." The minister replied, "Notwithstanding that. Sir, I should much
doubt or question your word." The vestryman asked : "What's that you say. Sir.
There's the door." The minister was then seized by the collar by the vestryman,

Pabagbaph '.K on Can you state the altercation between Mr. Chew and Mr. Allen?
Pabageaph 10. on What occurred when Mr. Chew told Mr. Allen that he should not change

Ins mind?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 53

dragged to the door, and before the sight of his brother minister, the Rev. Mr.
Edmondson, was put out, the vestryman telling him, "To go and learn better
manners, before he came to a gentleman's house again." The minister attempted
to return to the house, when, pushing the door partly open, the host struck his
visitor with a. stick.

11. This encounter led to a challege from the minister to tight a duel, which
the vestryman accepted on the terms of meeting each other alone. This was
accepted by the minister, but the meeting never took place, each charging bad faith
upon the other. Mr. Chew declaring Mr. Allen carried a sword to the field, and
Allen accusing the vestryman of bringing his servant to the place of meeting. A
street fight with Daniel Dulany in Annapolis was another of Allen's escajDades.
Fortified with instructions "to Gov. Sharp from the Proprietary to give Allen one of
the best livings in the Province, when the Rev. Thomas Bacon, the talented rector
of All Saints, a parish worth $5,000 a year, died in 1768, Allen was presented with
this by the Governor and proceeded at once to take possession of his lucrative
parish. He arrived in June in Frederick, and found the vestry opposed to his
having the parish. Allen was not deterred. Obtaining the keys of the building by
stealth, on Saturday he went into the church and read prayers and the thirty-nine
articles, and his induction. What followed, Allen tells Gov. Sharpe in a letter :
" On Sunday, having heard that the locks were taken off, and the door bolted within,
I got up at four o'clock, and, by the assistance of a ladder, unbolted them, getting
in at a window, and left them on the jar. The vestry came up to me and spoke to
me of breach of privilege. I said : 'I am not acquainted with customs. I act by
the letter of the law. The moment the Governor signs an induction, your power
ceases. I am sorry that any dissensions, and so forth.' I saw they drew to the
doors of the Church. I got a little advantage, leap't into the desk, and made my
apology and began the service. The congregation was called out. I proceeded as
if nothing had happened till the Second Lesson. I heard some commotions from
without which gave me a little alarm, and I provided luckily against it, or I must
have been maimed, if not murdered. They called a number of their bravest, that
is to say, their largest men, to pull me out of the desk. I let the captain come
within two paces of me, and clapt my pistol to his head. What consternation !
They accuse me of swearing by God, I would shoot him, and, I believe I did swear,
which was better than praying just then. They retired and I proceeded, but the
doors and windows flying open, and stones beginning to rattle, my aid de camp, Mr.
Dakein advised me to retreat — the fort being no longer tenable. We walk't through
the midst of them facing about from time to time till we got to some distance when
stones began to fly. I luckily escaped any hurt, and Dakein had but one blow."
Allen held on to the parish one year, when he resigned.

Pabaghaph 11. (a) To what did encounter lead? (6) Did this duel take place? Why not?
(c) With whom did Allen have a street right? (d) To what other parish was Allen inducted?
(e) Give an account of Allen's conduct in Frederick?

54 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTS.

12. After the State of Maryland adopted the Constitution of 1776, the regular
support of the established clergy ceased to be a matter of law, and Allen returned
to England, where, in a. duel provoked by his wanton attack on the Dulany family
of Maryland, he was challenged by Lloyd Dulany whom Allen killed. Allen was
a type of character that of whom the Churchmen of that day could not rid them-
selves, for while most of the ministers were men of character and piety, who made
effort after effort to obtain the means within themselves to rid the ministry of its
unworthy members, Lord Baltimore would not let go a tithe of his authority to
appoint the clergy, nor of having absolute control over them.

13. While the Constitution forbade forced contributions to any particular place
of worship or ministry, yet organic law of that day reserved to the general Assembly
the discretion to lay a general and equal tax for the support of the Christian
religion, leaving to each individual the power of appointing the payment over of
the money collected from him to the support of any particular place of worship or
minister ; or for the benefit of the poor of his own denomination, or the poor in
general of any particular county. In the year 1785, an effort was made in the
House of Delegates to formulate a law to give effect to this provision, but the
motion for leave to bring in a bill for that purpose was defeated by a vote of two to
one.

14. After the Revolutionary war the Catholics slowly increased in number in
Anne Arundel, but for a long period the Church at Annapolis was the only
one in the county. A few private chapels existed before the Revolution. No
Catholic Churches were allowed by law, yet some few existed. Charles Carroll, of
Carrollton, had a chapel and a chaplain in his house at Annapolis ; a private chapel,
tradition says, was located on Gibson's Island, in the Magothy River. It stood
there a few years since, occupied as a stable. Tradition also says that a Catholic
Church stood near the site of the old Graveyard on the Priests' Farm, near South
River Bridge. This building evidently gave the name to Church Creek that borders
the Farm. The Episcopalians have more than held their own in Anne Arundel ;
retaining by law their churches held at the Revolution by the established church,
they have increased their parishes and churches in every part of the county. The
Methodists, of both the old and Southern branch, are very largely represented in
the county. There are Presbyterians and Baptists in the county, but not in large
numbers. The Quakers and Puritans have ceased to exist as congregations. The
Millennial Dawn believers have one congregation at West Annapolis.

Paragraph 12. (a) What ceased upon the adoption of the Constitution of Maryland of 177fi?
(b) Whom did Bennet Allen kill in a duel?

Paragraph 13. (a) What did the organic law reserve to the (ieneral Assembly? i'm Whatwas
the result of the effort to foi'mulate a law to give effect to this provision?

Paragraph 14. (a) Who increased in numbers after the Revolutionary War? (6) What existed
before the Revolution? ic) Were Catholic churches allowed before the Revolution? td) Where were
these private Catholic chapels? (e) Who have more than held their own in Anne Arundel? i/i Who
are largely represented in the County? (g) What other denominations exist in the County?

\ HISTORY OF ANljlE ARUNDEL COUN1Y.

CHAPTER NINETEENTH.

PATRIOTISM IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1. The military and patriotic spirit was always prominent in Anno Arundel
county. Following the defeat of Braddook, Col. Henry Ridgel}', with thirty vol-
unteers from Anne Arundel, proceeded immediately to the frontier. Throughout
the French and Indian war the delegates from Annapolis and Anne Arundel readily
voted supplies to the King, although differences, as to the mode of laying the taxes
to purchase the supplies, prevented most of the bills for troops and provisions from
becoming effective.

-"b

2. Maryland was in the very forefront in the initial opposition of the Colonies
to British encroachments upon American rights as the period of the Revolution
approached. No county in Maryland equaled Anne Arundel in fervid and imme-
diate resistance to England's efforts against the privileges of America. When
Zachariah Hood, himself a native of Annapolis, who happened to be in England at
the time of the passage of the Stamp Act, and who obtained the appointment of
Stamp Officer for Maryland, arrived on, or about, the 20th of August, 17(>5, in
Annapolis, with bis stamps, his vessel was met at the City Dock, by a number of
citizens who forcibly resisted liis landing, and drove away the King's officer with
his stamps. The conflict was so sharp between the vessel's crew and the citizens
that Thomas McNeir, one of the Annapolis patriots engaged in the mob, had his
thigh broken by an iron belaying pin in the hands of one of the crew. The names
of two other patriots who were in this Hrst successful forcible resistance to British
authority in America, have come down to us. They are Abraham Claude and
Charles Ferris.

3. Hood made a clandestine landing shortly afterward, but the citizens burned
down a house that he was building for the storage of his goods as a merchant, and
so terrified him that he feared for his life, and caused him to flee to New York State
for safety. When he had resigned the office, he was permitted to return to Annap-
olis in peace and to pursue his business.

Paragraph 1. (a) Who proceeded to the frontier from Anne Arundel after the defeat of Brad-
dock? i'm What did the delegates vote for during this war? (c) What prevented most of the
bills from becoming effective?

Paragraph •!. (a) Where was Maryland In the initial opposition to British encroachments?

(6) What resistan lid Anne Arundel give? (c) What happened when Zachariah Hood, the Stamp

( ifflcer, arm ed in Annapolis? r <'i Name son E I hose who took part in resisting Hood's landing?

Paragraph 3. (a) Did Hood land? (6) What was burned then by the citizens? (c) What
became of Hood? (d) When H I resigned his office what was permitted him?

50 A HISTohY OF AN'N'E ARUNDEL COUNTY.

•4. Housed to a fervid state of resistance to British encroachments from abroad
upon their rights, the people of Maryland were scarcely less incensed at the per-
sistent attempts by Lord Baltimore's Governor at home to filch from them their
chartered privileges. The crisis came, when, in 1770, after the Legislature had
refused to pass a new fee bill because the two Houses could not agree upon their
terms, the Lower House favoring a reduction of officers' fees and the Upper House,
several of whose members enjoyed the benefits of these fees, resisting, Gov. Eden
issued proclamations settling the fees of the officers and raising the tithes of the clergy
from thirty to forty pounds of tobacco per poll. The Lower House, elected by the
Free Men of the Province, considered this a gross infringement of the rights of the
people, for these fees and these tithes were in the nature of taxes, and, if not paid,
their settlement was placed immediately in the hands of the Sheriff, who could,
without further process, sell the debtor s property 7 and make payment to the creditor.

5. A bitter contest at once began, which progressed with unabated zeal until
1773, when Gov. Eden dissolved the Legislature and appealed to the people. The
elections were set for May. From the beginning of the year down to the day of
election, the Maryland Gazette teemed with bitter and learned disquisitions upon
both proclamations. Public interest centered upon two writers — one of which, under
the title of "Antilon," defended Gov. Eden's course, and the other, under the name
of "First Citizen," opposed 'the proclamations. These papers have become national
in their history, and are splendid specimen's of diction, learning and classic vituper-
ation. Daniel Dulany was Antilon, and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, First Citizen.
While the discussion was well-nigh even-handed in ability and cogency, the readers
of that age and posterity have awarded the merit of victory to Carroll. The Lower
House thought so well of his achievements that the members repaired in a body to
his house to thank Carroll for his defence of the rights of the people. At the elec-
tions not a single member of the Lower House was chosen who favored Gov. Eden's
policy — even Annapolis, the stronghold of the administration, sent opposition
members.

6. The boldest act of resistance to British usurpation was committed in Mary-
land, in February, 1770. It should be remembered that this date was nearly four
years before the "Boston Tea" party, and, unlike that emuete, was openly executed
in solemn conclave assembled. In June, 1769, the citizens of Maryland had, by
deputies, met in Convention at Annapolis, and had resolved that they would not
import certain articles of British goods. In February following, the Brig Good
Intent, Captain William Errington, arrived at Annapolis, from London, loaded with

Paragraph 4. (a) At what were the people scarcely less inscensed ? (b) When did the crisis
come? (r) What was the cause of this crisis?

Paragraph 5. (a) What immediately began on the issuing of these proclamations? |/>i With
what did the Maryland Gazette teem? (c) Upon what did public interest centre? u/i What was the
conduct of the Lower House to Charles Carroll, of Carrollton? (e) What was the result of the
elections?

Paragraph G. (a) When was the boldest act of resistance to British usurpations committed?
(6) How long was this before the Boston Tea Party? (c) What had the citizens of Maryland done in

1- %

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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 57

British goods, part of them being interdicted articles. The Committee of Merchants
from Anne Arundel, Prince George's and Baltimore counties immediately assembled
and made a thorough examination of the matter, and, in the end, resolved that, as
the interdicted goods were so mixed with the unobjectionable part of the cargo, that,
one could not be unloaded without landing the others, not one pound of the Good
Intent's fifty thousand dollar cargo of British goods should be landed !

7. While the question was being discussed before the Committees, James Dick,
the attorney for the agent of the Good Intent, asked the Committee these questions :

"In what Vessel are they, (the goods), to be sent back, the Good Intent, Cap-
tain Errington, being engaged by agreement, with Mr. Thomas Farrar, to load with
wheat for Cork, upon doing which the brig enters upon his Pay ?

"There are also Two Cargoes, or more, on board the Brig, shipt by other
Persons than John Buchanan.

"Is the Brig to keep those Goods on Board, or what is to be done with thernV

" In what manner is the attorney of John Buchanan to be indemnified in taking
upon himself the conduct and management of the sending back of all the goods, pro-
vided all the others concerned should refuse to trouble themselves, or take any charge
of the goods, which is found to be really the case, several having refused, particularly
Messrs. Bidgely and Goodwin, to be any concerned with them ? Is Mr. Buchanan's
attorney to run the risk of his whole fortune without any indemnification ?

" It must be observed that no partial entry can be made of the goods on board
the Good Intent, the Custom House will not receive such, the whole must be made ;
and that many of the goods cannot be returned to England, without subjecting the
ship and all on board to confiscation, of which you may be satisfied by application
to the Collector."

8. To these insistent questions the committees made this brief reply: "Gen-
tlemen, we deliberated upon the subject matter before us with so much caution and
attention, that no re-consideration can shake or alter our Opinion Already signified
to you : As for the Reasons and Grounds of that Opinion, which you call upon us,
for we shall give them in the Maryland Gazette ; and you will be pleased to take
this as our final answer." The gentlemen interested then retired, and Mr. Anthony
Steuart, a partner of Mr. Dick's, returned with a letter. " To preclude at once, all
evasion, alteration, so trifling," the letter was given back unopened to Mr. Steuart.
The next day, February 10th, Captain Errington received a written letter, signed
by Messrs. Dick and Steuart, to return to England.

9. The Committee, in the next issue of the Gazette, gave its reasons at length,
acquitting some who had received goods by the vessel from any intention of

June, 1769? (d) What vessels arrived in February, 1770? (e) What action was taken upon her
arrival?

Paragraph 7. fa) What part did Mr. James Dick, agent of the Good Intent, take in this
matter?

Paragraph 8. (o) What answer did the committees make to him?

Paragraph 9. (a) What did the Committees give in the next issue of the Gazette? (6) Who

58 A HIST0KX OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

violating the agreement of the Association on the 23 J of May, that no goods should
be ordered until the 30th of .Tunc, when it could be determined, whether or not, the
non-importation of goods could be generally carried into effect. The reasons
assigned for allowing none of the Good Intent's cargo to be landed, were that the
prohibited and non-prohibited articles were so "blended, mixed and packed''
with each other that they ought not to be landed. The Gazette adds that the
Good Intent only awaited to take on sufficient bread for its return voyage to London
with its cargo of ten thousand pounds. The members of the Committee from
Anne Arundel were : Thomas Sprigg, Brice T. B. Worthington, John Weems and
William Paca. So this brave deed was consummated in open daylight, without
masks, and with the names of participants known to all the Province and by King
George and his agents in Maryland.

10. When the news of the blockade of the harbor of Boston reached Annapolis,
a meeting of its citizens was called. On Wednesday the 2oth of May, 1774, the
people convened, when it was —

" Besolved, That it is the unanimous opinion of this meeting, that the town of
Boston is now suffering in the common cause of America, and that it is incumbent
on every colony in America, to unite in effectual measures to obtain a repeal of the
late act of Parliament, for the blocking up of the harbor of Boston.

" That it is the opinion of this meeting, that, if the colonies come into a joint
resolution to stop all importation from, and exportation to, Great Britain, till the
said act lie repealed, the same will preserve North America, and her liberties.

" Resolved, therefore, That the inhabitants of this city will join in an Asso-
ciation with the several counties of this province, and the principal provinces of
America, to put an immediate stop to all exports to Great Britain, and that, after a
short day, hereafter to be agreed on, there shall be no imports from Great Britain,
till the said act be repealed, and that such association be on oath.

"That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the gentlemen of the law of this
province bring no suit for the recovery of any debt due from any inhabitant of this
province, to any inhabitant of Great Britain, until the said act be repealed.

"That the inhabitants of this city will, and it is the opinion of this meeting,
that this province ought immediately to break off all trade and dealings with that
colony or province, which shall refuse or decline to come into similar resolutions
with a majority of the colonies.

" That Messieurs John Hall, Charles Carroll, Thomas Johnson, Jr., William
Paca, Matthias Hammond and Samuel Chase, be a committee for this city, to join
with those who shall be appointed for Baltimore Town, and other parts of this
province, to constitute one general committee; and that the gentlemen appointed

were the members of the Committee from Anne Arundel? (e) How was this brave deed consum-
mated?

Pakaguai'h 10. (a) When the news of the blockade of Boston reached Annapolis what was
called? I'n What resolutions were passed at this meeting? in Who were appointed a committee
from Annapolis to effect what the Association resolved upon?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. o9

for this city immediately correspond with Baltimore Town, and other parts of this
province, to effect such association."

11. William Eddis, the English collector of customs of Annapolis, writing to
England, three days after this meeting, said :

" All America is in a flume ! I hear strange language every day. The colonists
are ripe for any measures that will tend to the preservation of what they call their
natural liberty. I enclose you the resolves of our citizens ; they have caught the
general contagion.

" Expresses are flying from province to province. It is the universal opinion
here, that the mother country cannot support a contention with these settlements, if
they abide strictly to the letter and spirit of their associations."

12. On the 22nd of June following, the committees appointed by the several
counties of Maryland met at Annapolis. The delegates from Anne Arundel county
and the city of Annapolis were— Charles Carroll, Esq., barrister, Brice T. B. Worth-
ington, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Samuel Chase, John Hall, William Paca, Matthias
Hammond, Samuel Chew, John Weems, Thomas Dorsey, Rezin Hammond. The
Convention passed resolutions declaring Boston was suffering the common cause of
America, and that, if the proposed Acts of Parliament, oppressive of the city of
Boston, were passed, they would lay the foundation for the utter destruction of
British America. The Assembly, also, passed resolutions declaring it to be the duty
of the colonies to unite for their protection ; to stop importations from and exporta-
tions to Great Britain ; to join non-exportation and importation associations ; to agree
to stop the same from the West Indies ; to allow indispensable articles to be imported ;
recommending merchants to take no advantage of non-importation agreements ; to
provide a relief fund for Boston ; thanked the friends of liberty in Great Britain;
appointed a delegation to the Colonial Congress ; threatened to break trade with
any town or province in America that would not join their association ; and directed
publication of the resolutions in the Maryland Gazette.

13. While the Province was in a state of patriotic indignation over the oppres-
sive acts of the British Government, the brig Peggy Steuart, on the 14th of October,
1774, arrived at Annapolis, consigned to Thomas C. Williams and Company, having
seventeen chests of tea on board. The committee for Anne Arundel immediately
met, convening at three o'clock, in the afternoon, and was then informed that the
brig had been regularly entered that morning, " and the duty on the tea paid to the
collector by Mr. Anthony Steuart, one of the owners of said brig." Four of the
committee only were present, the other members from the county being at an

Paragraph 11. (a) What did William Eddis, the English collector of Customs, at Annapolis,
write three days after this meeting?

Paragraph 12. (a) When did the delegates from the several counties meet, and where?
(6) Who were the delegates from Annapolis and Anne Arundel? (c) What resolutions did the
Assembly pass? (<l) What delegation did the Assembly appoint? (e) What threat did the Assembly
make?

Paragraph 13. (a) What arrived while the Province was in a state of patriotic indignation?
(6) What was done by the citizens and the committees?

60 A HISTORY OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY.

inaccessible distance. The town members, therefore, called a meeting of the citizens,
to be held at tive o'clock in the afternoon. The Provincial Court, being in session
at Annapolis, a number of persons from the counties of Anne Arundel, Balti-
more and other parts of the Province, met with bhe citizens of Annapolis. The
importers, the captain of the brig, and the deputy collector of the port were called
before the meeting and examined. The importers explained that the tea had been
ordered in May and that only after a previous cargo had been disposed of and no
objection made. Captain Jackson, of the brig, under affidavit, declared that the tea
was put on board without his knowledge. The meeting adjourned. At that time
the ship had been regularly entered at the port. As no part of the cargo could be
discharged unless all was, after the meeting adjourned, Mr. Steuart. the owner,
pleading the leaky condition of the brig, and fifty-three souls on board, where they
had been for nearly three months, paid the duty upon the tea, " leaving its disposi-
tion to the committee."

14. A third meeting was held on the 19th of October, and the indignation
of the people was very intense because the duty on the tea had been paid ; but,
after much contention, it was agreed that the majority of the meeting would be
satisfied if the owner burned the tea. This did not please the strong minority
present, chiefly persons from the county of Anne Arundel outside the city of
Annapolis. Amongst those who had been attracted to the city by the arrival of
the Peggy Steuart with the tea. was Major Charles Alexander Warfieldj commanding
what was called a " Whig Club," but was really the initial organization of a rebel
military company, it having as early as 1772 paraded, at its drilling grounds one day,
with the legend " Independence or death," placarded upon their caps. When the
decision of the meeting became known, Major Warrield led his company to Steuart's
residence upon Hanover street, and erected on a tree, in front of Steuart's house, a
gallows. Steuart came out upon his porch and. with great indignation, denounced
the company as rebels and threatened them with the vengeance of the King. When
Steuait had ended his harangue, Major Warfield, pointing to the gallows, in a
tone whose thrilling accents have been handed down the generations, calmly said :
" Burn or hang !" Steuart immediately sent for Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and
together they went to the harbor. Stewart entered a small boat and occupied a seat
holding a lighted torch in his hands. Major Warfield, grasping another lighted
faggot, took his place in the other end of the boat, in this quiet, but dramatic
manner saying to Steuart. " Burn or I will." Mr. Steuart applied the fire, and, as an
offering aud atonement to the offended patriotism of the people and an open
defiance to the British Crown, the Peggy Steuart and the obnoxious tea chests were,
in a few hours, reduced to ashes.

Pabaoraph 14. (a) When was the third meeting held? (6) What was the sentiment of the
leonthetea? (c) Who had been attracted to Annapolis by the arrival .if the Peggy Steuart?
iil\ What did Major Warfield command? (e) Describe ilii- company? (/) Tell what incident hap-
in front of Steuart's house? 1.71 What was •Ion.' then by Steuart?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 61

15. The people of Anne Arundel again on the 18th of April, 1775, showed
their opposition of British encroachments. On that day, the ship Totness, Captain
Harding, belonging to Mr. Gildard, of Liverpool, having on board a cargo of salt
and dry goods, in coming up the bay, ran aground near the Three Islands, at the
mouth of West River. Upon this the committee immediately met, after considera-
tion, determined she should proceed on to Baltimore, her intended port ; but,
before she could get off, highly resenting so daring an infringinent of the Con-
tinental Association, a number of people met, went on board, and set the ship on fire.

16. Thus the people of Anne Arundel should ever remember that their ancestors
in the open, long before regular hostilities commenced, executed three daring deeds for
liberty — driving the Stamp Officer from Annapolis, in 1765 ; sending back the Good
Intent to England with its prohibited cargo iu 1770; and burning the Peggy
Steuart and her obnoxious tea in 1774, and, in the same month and year that Con-
cord was fought, and, before the news could reach Province, burnt the Totness for
doing defiance to the resolutions of the Maryland Association of Free Men.

CHAPTER TWENTIETH.

ANNAPOLIS I5ECOMES THE CHIEF CITY OF THE 1'1,'oVIM F.

1. Upon the removal of the capital to Annapolis, it became at once not only
the chief town of the county, but it rapidly developed into the most important city
in the Province — a position it maintained until near the beginning of the American
Bevolution, when Baltimore, the great metropolis of the State, began to assume the
place of leading port and city of Maryland.

2. The first State House was built in Annapolis in 1696, and a plat of the town
was made by Mr. Richard Beard. The State House and the plat were both destroyed
with many valuable records when this building was burned in 1701.

3. An attempt was made in 1707 to burn Annapolis. Richard Clarke was the
author of this plot. It created great excitement at the capital. Clarke was charged

Paragraph 15. (a) What ship grounded in April, 1775, at the mouth of West River? (6i Wha1
was done to this vessel?

Paragraph 16. (a) What should the people of Maryland ever remember of their ancestors?

Paragraph 1. (o) Upon the removal of the capital to Annapolis, what did it become? (6)
When was the first State House built at Annapolis?

Paragraph 2. (a) Who made a plat of the town? (6) When were the State House and plat
destroyed?

Paragraph 3. in) Who made an attempt to burn the town in 1707? (6) What bill was passed
against Clarke?

() l J A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

with treason and a bill of attainder parsed. He does not seem to have been appre-
hended.

4. On the 10th of August, 1708, Annapolis received its charter as a city, that
honor being granted it by the Honorable John Seymour, the royal Governor of
Maryland. The City Council at that date was : Mayor — Amos Garrett. Recorder —
Wornell Hunt. Aldermen — TVm. Bladen, John Freemen, Benjamin Fordham, Evan
Jones, Thomas Boardley and Josiah Wilson.

5. The Lower House of Assembly considered that the power to erect cities and
to grant charters was a prerogative that could be exercised only by the Crown itself,
and when the delegates from Annapolis made their appearance at the September
session of the General Assembly of 1708, that body, denying the authority of the
Governor "to confer a charter to Annapolis, expelled the delegates elected under it."
The Governoi attempted to win the Legislature over to his views by conciliatory
measures. The members of the Lower House were summoned to the Chamber of
the Upper House, where they were addressed by the Governor, who disclaimed any
intention to interfere with the rights and privileges of the Lower House in deter-
mining the election of their own members ; but claimed for himself the competency
to judge of his own prerogatives, and they were urged to return to their House and
to rescind their resolution. In justification of their conduct the Lower House replied
that the course that it had pursued was founded upon the complaint of some of the
freeholders and inhabitants of Annapolis, who conceived that the charter affected
their rights as freemen, and particularly so as to the privilege of voting for delegates ;
that the right to erect cities was not expressly vested iu the Governor, and ought
not, therefore, to be exercised until the Queen's pleasure was known ; but that they
would cheerfully concur with him in granting the charter, if all the inhabitants and
freeholders of the place desired, and were secured in their equal privileges, to which
they were entitled by the Laws of England, and if the public lands and buildings
were secured to the uses for which they were purchased. The Governor thereupon
dissolved the Assembly.

6. The new Legislature would not grant the Governor the right to erect cities,
and the first message of the Lower House to the Governor was this pertinent
inquiry — "Would he inform the House if he had received any instructions from her
Majesty authorizing the grant of charters and the erection of cities which were not
contained in his commission?" The Governor briefly replied : — "That he had no
doubt of his own right, and if the exercise of the power was unwarranted, he was
answerable to her Majesty, and not to them." A conference was then held between

Paragraph 4. (a) When did Annapolis receive its charter as a city? (6) Who granted this
charter? Ir) Who composed its city council?

Paragraph 5. fa) Where did the Lower House consider the power to erect cities lay? (6J
What action did the Lower Jouse take when the delegates from Annapolis appeared in tha* - body?
k-i What did the Governor attempt? (rf) To what place was the Lower House summoned'' in
What did the Governor say to them'.' i/i What did the Lower House reply? e/i What action did
the Governor then take?

1'akagraph G. (o) What did the new Legislature refuse to grant ? (6) What inquiry did the

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 63

the two Houses, that terminated in a compromise, and in the passage of the Act of
1708, chapter 7, by which the charter of the City of Annapolis was confirmed, but
with certain reservations placed in it regarding the public buildings and with restric-
t i< his of municipal power. The city was given two delegates, but they were to be
" only allowed half the wages to the Delegates and representatives, as is and shall
be allowed to the Delegates of the several Counties."

7. The life and importance of Annapolis as shown in a kaleidoscopic view of
the leading events in its history :

In 1720, "A Prospect to Annapolis " was laid off on May 24th, and com-
prised two lots of ground, one called Durand's Place, the other Woodchurch's liest.
It lay on the North Side of Severn.

In 1718, ten acres were laid off into half acre lots, and donated to tradesmen.

In 1720, Mr. Edward Smith was granted 120 feet of ground in the City of
Annapolis for a sawyer's yard.

In 172li, William Parks, the Public Printer, established the first Maryland
Gazette. This was printed only a short period.

In 1728, a lot was allotted for a custom house and a market. The present
market house is on the same site.

In 1736, the Legislature voted £1, 500 for a public school in Annapolis.

In 1712, Gov. Bladen was empowered to purchase two lots on which to build a
Governor's Residence. Out of this came McDowell's Hall, St. John's College.
When the building was partially completed, a political quarrel between the Governor
and the Legislature cut off the supplies, and the four walls lay uncovered for forty
years, until St. John's College came in possession of the property.

In 1745, Jonas Green began the second publication of the Maryland Gazette.

In 1746, January 28th, the ship Aurora, Capt. Pickeman, from Holland, arrived
at Annapolis with nearly 200 Palatines, that is Germans.

In 1747, the Rumney and Long, named after her builders, was launched at
Annapolis. She could carry 70 hogsheads of tobacco. At this time the manu-
facture of ducking was extensively carried on in Annapolis.

In 1749, Joseph Wilson and Isaac Wright were convicted of counterfeiting
bills of credit of the Province. Wright turned State's witness, and Wilson broke
jail after sentence of death.

In 1751, two negro women were executed for burning down a tobacco house.

In 1752, James Powells was hanged at Annapolis for burglary committed in
Somerset County. The Gazette says he fainted at the gallows ; " on his coming to
himself, he desired the executioner to make haste, and, amidst some private ejacula-
tions, was turned off."

House make of the Governor? (c) What did a conference between the two Houses terminate in?

Paragraph 7. (in Name some of the principal events in the history of Annapolis from 1720 I"
1774?

64 A HISTORY OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY.

In 1753, several times this year a large wild bear was seen on North Severn.
He raided the farmers hog-pens and carried off various kinds of domestic animals.

In 1755, Penelope House was twice whipped and stood in the pillory for shop-
lifting. The French and Indians were drawing so near Annapolis in the excited
imaginations of the citizens, that the town was fortified. November 18th, a shock
of earthquake was felt.

In 1755, one ship load of Acadians was lauded at Annapolis.

In 1756, a tannery was set up by Thomas Hyde.

In 1757, several gentlemen left as volunteers to fight the Indians.

In 1758, March 22d, a shock of earthquake was felt.

In 1759, many dead bodies of men were found floating in the City Dock,
supposed to have been thrown overboard by captains who did not wish to take the
trouble of interment.

In 1760, April 17th, a negro man named Bristol died whose age was 125.

In 1771, Morris McCoy was executed for murdering his master, and his body
was removed to Patapsco to a place near where he murdered his master and there
hung in chains, on a gibbet in sight of the public road leading to the lower ferry on
Patapsco River.

In 1772, April 25th, a shock of earthquake was felt.

In 1773, the national feeling was all aglow at this period. It was at that time,
that the author of the letters signed " First Citizen," was publishing his papers
defending the rights of the people of Maryland. He was unknown, but deep was
the gratitude of the people. When it was discovered the author was Charles Carroll,
so well known afterwards as Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, he received many public
proofs of the affection of the people for the services he had rendered.

In 1774, the elegant society of Annapolis was at its height of development and
the fame of it went abroad throughout all the colonies.

CHAPTER TWENTY=FIRST.

STRANGE ANTICS OF VISITING PROVINCIAL COMMISSIONERS.

1. A flavor of the times in Anne Arundel and a sample of the diction and
orthography are given in the Journal of William Black, who was, in 1744 the
Secretary of the Commissioners appointed by Governor Gooch, of Virginia, to unite

Paragraph 1. (a) Where is found a flavor of the times in Anne Arundel in 174-1? (b) On what

H
►J

Jz;

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 65

with the Commissioners from the Colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland, to treat
with the Six Nations of Indians, in reference to lands west of the Alleganies. On
May 11th, 1744, the Virginia Commissioners, on board the yacht Margaret, came
t<> anchor before the City of Annapolis. On the Margaret coming into the harbor,
flying the Jack, and Ensign, and Pennon, the sailors on the vessels in the harbor,
concluded the visitor was the tender of a man of war, on a press gang expedition,
and they began to flee to the shore or hide themselves in their vessels. The Com-
missioners, on landing, were courteously received by several citizens of distinction,
and " conducted to the first Tavern in Town, where they welcomed the Commis-
sioners, and the Gentlemen of the Levee to Annapolis, with a Bowl of Punch and a
Glass of Wine, and, afterwards waited on us," says the Secretary, "to the House
of the Honorable Edward Jennings, Esq., Secretary of the Province, where we
din'd very Sumptuously."

2. These were days of courtly manners in Annapolis. Secretary Black, in his
journal, gives this account of the next day's hospitalities : — "After Breakfast, the
Gentlemen of the Levee Joiu'd the Commissioners at Esq. Jennings's, in order to
Accompany them to the Governor's, where they were to Dine, having received an
Invitation the Afternoon before. We were received by his Excelleney (Gov. Thomas
Bladen), and his Lady in the Hall, where we were an hour Entertained by them, with
some Glasses of Punch, in the intervals of the Discourse ; then the Scene was changed
to the Dining Boom, where you saw a plain proof of the Great Plenty of the
Country, a Table, in the most Splendent manner, set out with a Great Variety of
Dishes, all serv'd up in the most Elegant Way, after which came a Dessert no less
Curious ; Among the Parities of which it was Compos'd, was some fine Ice Cream
which, with the Strawberries and Milk, eat most deliriously. After this Bepast
was over (which, notwithstanding the great Variety), show'd a face of Plenty and
Neatness, more than Luxury or Profuseness, We withdrew to the Boom in which
we was first Beceived, where the Glass was push'd briskly round, sparkling with
the Choicest Wines, of which the Table was Beplenished with a Variety of Sorts."

3. The Secretary eives an interesting pen portrait of Governor Bladen and his
wife. He wrote in his journal that " His Excellency, the Donour of the Entertain-
ment, is in his Person inclining to the larger Size of Men, Straight and Well-
proportioned, a Manly Face and Sanguine Complexion, seem'd Complaisant and free,
of a Good Deal of Humor in Conversation ; he had not a little Wit, and is allow d
to have a Claim to Good Sense, and every other Qualification Bequir'd to Compleat
a Gentleman ; his Stature and Deportment is much becoming, and adds not a little
to the Dignity of his Office. His Lady is of middle Size, Straight made, Black

did the Commissioners come to Annapolis? (c) What did the sailors think the yacht was' («Jj How
did the sailors act? (e) How were the Commissioners received by the people of Annapolis?

Pakageaph 2. co What hospitalities were shown the Virginia Commissioners the next day?
(6) Give an account of the entertainment at the Governor's?

Parageaph 3. (a) Can you give the pen portrait that Secretary drew of Governor Bladen's

66 A. HIST0KY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

Hair, and of a Black Complexion much pitted with small-pox, but very agreeable,
and seems to have a great Stock of Good Nature, as well as Wit ; she is a passionate
Admirer of the Game Whist, which she is reckn'd to play admirably well ; she is,
by Birth, a French Woman, tho' not addicted to the Foppery of that Nation in
Appearance." Mrs. Bladen was not an exception in the women of that period who
had their good looks marred by small-pox. This was a common scourge to the
beauty of the ladies of that age.

4. From the Governor's entertainment, about in four the afternoon, the Com-
missioners proceeded to the General Assembly, and, from this visit Secretary Black,
gives a very partial and prejudiced view of a body of men which, in all periods of
its colonial history, were marked for the intelligence, integrity and patriotism of its
constituent members. The Secretary states that the Assenililv was in a debate on
the division of a count}', " but Order and Decorum, which Justly Regulated is
always a great Addition to the Augustness, as well as Honour and Credit, of any
Public Body, was not to be Observed in this House ; Nothing but a Confus'd Multi-
tude, and the Greater part of the meanor Sort, Such as make Patriotism their Plea,
but Preferment their Design, and that not for the Honour but the Profit." This
statement was written under the goad of the knowledge that the Lower House
would not agree to make provision for funds for the Indian negotiations, by reason
of being then engaged in trying to remedy the iniquitous collection of the 12
pence tonnage on tobacco illegally collected from them under an obsolete law, and
was on the threshhold of the great quarrel with Gov. Bladen, on account of his
illegal assessment of the one pound tobacco tax, and which led to the refusal of the
Assembly to complete the Governor's Mansion, now McDowell Hall, St. John's
College, Annapolis, and winch, since that day, has been known as "Bladen's
Folly."

5. Secretary Black wrote that Annapolis "consists of a great many Good
Buildings, but very Irregular, they covered a good deal of Ground, which is
Peninsulated, the River running almost round it, Excepting a little Isthmus joining
it to the Continent; the Principal Buildings is the Stadt-House 1 , the Council-
house-, and the Free School House", three very good Houses standing in the
Middle of the Town, on the top of a High Hill 4 , overlooking the Town ; the
Foundation of a very fine House Designed for the Governor', was laying on the
East side of the Town."

personal appearance? (6) Can you describe the appearance of Mrs. Bladen? (c) What was the
scourge of tin 1 beauty of the ladies of that period?

Paragraph I. (a) From the Governor's entertainment to what place did the Commissioners pn >-
ceed? |//| What was the view that Secretary Black took of the Assembly? (c) For what were the
members of the Legislature marked? (rf) Under what goad was Secretary Black's description
written?

Paragraph 5. (a) Of what did Annapolis consist at this time?

* 1. state House. 2. The building now occupied by the state Boord of Education. 3. King "William's Sohool.

State House mil. .'.. McDowell Hall. St. John's relieve.

A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 67

6. In addition to a dinner given them by the Clerk of the Council, Mr. Ross,
the Governor and other gentlemen of Annapolis provided a ball for the entertain-
ment of their guests. The Ball was held " in the Council Room, where most of
the Ladies of any Note in the Town was present, and made a very Splendent Appear-
ance ; in a Room, back from where they Danced, was several sorts of Wines, Punch
and Sweet-Meats ; in this Room, those that was not Engag'd in any Dancing Match,
might either Employ themselves at Cards, Dice, Back-Gammon, or with a cheerful
Glass ; the Commissioners amus'd themselves till about 10 o'clock, and then went
home to their Lodgings. The ladies were so very Agreeable, and seem'd so Intent
on Dancing, that one might have Imagin'd they had some Design on the Virginians,
either Designing to make Tryal of their Strength and Vigour, or to Convince
them of their Activity and Sprightliness. After Several smart Engagements, in
which no Advantage on either side was Observable, with a Mutual Consent, about 1
of the clock in the Morning, it was agreed to break up, every Gentleman waiting on
his Partner home." The next day another ball was given the Commissioners, and,
the day following, the Commissioners left festive Annapolis, at noon, sailing up the
bay, but making little vjrogress, as the wind was light and the tide against them.

7. Whether the frivolities of Annapolis had left its effects upon the visitors, or
it was their jovial natures that induced the part}' to indulge in practical pranks, can
not be discerned at this distance of time, but certain it is that they acted on this
voyage far from the grave behaviour of diplomats in this day maintain. Their
Secretary relates that " towards the Going down of the Sun, seeing a Boat and
Canoe a Fishing Inshoar, we hail'd them, with, 'have you got any Fish' which
they returned with, ' have you got any Ruin;' we answered, 'yes, will you come
on board and Taste it ;' then they unty'd and made Directly for Us, but was very
much Surpris'd with the manner of Reception they met with, which was as follows :
We had the blunderbush ready loaded, and Stil'd on the side they were to board
Us ; Littlepage, who was to act the part of Man of Wars Lieutenant and was
accoutred witli four Loaded Pistols, and the like number of Swords, which, with his
lac'd hatt and Romantick Countenance, made an ap'nce much like another black-
beard ; several more of our Company was Arm'd with Drawn Sword & Cockt
Pistole ; several pistoles, three fowling Pieces Loaded, and some Drawn Swords
lying in view on a Table on the Maindeck ; in this Manner was we Equip'd and
Stationed, ready to receive the poor fishermen, when they came near enough to
observe our Postures, &c, they immediately lay on their Oars & Paddles with no
small concern to know what we was, but, on a little time, the Ebb Tide drawing
them along side, (which they did not observe being so surpriz'd) Littlepage ask'd
them in a Sailorlike manner : 'If they would come on board and Serve his Majesty,'
to which they made no Reply, but kept gazing at us like so many Thunder-struck

Paragraph 6. («) In addition to the dinner given them by the Clerk of the Council, what was
provided for the entertainment of the guests? (b) Describe the ball? (c) Howdid I he ladies prove?
(</) What was given the next day? (e) When did the Commissioners leave Annapolis?

Paragraph 7. (a) In what did the visitors indulge after they left Annapolis? (6) Describe
their strange conduct?

68 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

persons; at last with a Discbarge of our Great Gun and small Aims, Flovtrish'g our
Swords round our heads, we desir'd them ' to come on board Directly, else we
would Sink them ;' on hearing of which, as if Recover'd from a Trance, they call'd
out to one another, with marks of the Greatest fear Imaginable, in their Counte-
nances : 'pull about! pull about! for God's sake!' with all Eargerness possible
they Sett to pulling and paddling as if pursued by a Spanish privateer, on which
calling to hawl up the Bardge, and Man her, it being done Littlepage & my Self,
got in with each a pair of Pistols and a Sword, and made directly after them, on
which, they did mend, (if possible) their Strokes, pulling for life directly for the
Shoar.

8. "Now and then one or other of them would look behind, & then cry out,
'pull away, pull away, or we are all taken;' at last they gained the Shoar, and so
soon their Vessels struck Ground they got their Jackets on their Shoulders, &,
without the least care of them, made directly for the Woods.

9. " To have seen Us pursueing, hollowing, and brandishing our Swords, & them
flying with their whole might, one time looking behind them to see how near we
were, then before them to see how far they were from the Shoar, was a Scene
Sufficient to Create pleasure and a Laugh in Gentlemen less Blyth and Gayly
dispos'd than the Honorable Commissioners or any other of their levee ; on their
gaining the Land, we turn'd and lay on our Oars (it being all we wanted to Surprise
them a little,) which, as soon as the fear and terrible concern they were in, allowed
them time to look behind and observe, they Rallied. Seeing this, and being now on
Terra firnia, in some measure freed from that dreadful Apprehension of serving his
Majesty, they opened on lis all at once, like so many Hounds on a warm Scent,
calling us 'a parcell of * , if we would only come ashoar Man for Man,
they would teach us what it was to Fire Guns at People, and fright them in so
unaccountable a manner ;' after Exchanging a little Billingsgate with them, we
returned on Board, where we found the rest of our Company very much pleased with
the Adventure."

Paragraph 8. tut What cry did the frightened fishermen make? (b\ What did the fishermen
do as soon as their vessels struck ground?

Paragraph 9. (a) What was the invitation that tin' fishermen gave when they had been freed
from their apprehension of serving his Majesty? (6) What did Secretary Black and his party
exchange with the fishermen? (c) How did tin' rest ol the company of Virginians feel over the
incident ?

TKi
PUB

'/©SB 1

■nji

A HISTOKY (IF ANXE ARUNDEL COUNTY. G9

CHAPTER TWENTY-SECOND.

■THE ATHENS OF AMERICA."

1. The decade, immediately preceding the American Bevolution, was the golden
age of Annapolitan history. Annapolis was at this period the most famous, highly
cultivated and superlatively gayest city of the American Plantations. Nor was its
patriotism exceeded by any section of the Colonies.

2. On the sturdy stock of Puritanism, there had been grafted, by successive
emigrations, many a gallant scion of the best blood of England, and when, in 1694,
the capital of the Province was removed from St. Mary's to Annapolis, there came
with it a coterie of settlers who formed a Court party with all the arts and refine-
ments of European life, accentuated with the intrigues of political science and
official position. The Governor's entertainments led the local festivities and gave
tone and zest to reciprocal hospitalities. The elegant homes of these gay and
wealthy people, a dozen or more of which still remain in all their capacious pro-
portions, show the opulence and luxury in which they lived.

3. Here the Legislature met ; here were held the sessions of the County Court,
the Provincial Court, the high Court of Chancery, and the Court of Appeals ; here
the established clergy met in holy convocation ; here were the residences of the
Governor and many of his highest officials ; here his counsel convened. The
presence of these official bodies brought together the best legal minds of the
colony, with those who sought place or pursued pleasure, and with King "William's
School, which, for nearly a century, had been distributing the benefits of liberal
education upon the capital, created a community of pre-eminent culture and superior
refinement. The learning of Eton and Clare, in England, and of St. Omer in France,
had been laid at his feet in the erudition of its leading advocates at the bar. Con-
stantly adding to this foundation by an earnest and insistent attention to public
affairs both at home and in "the mother country," this learning, culture, and ability
earned for Annapolis, throughout all the Colonies the appellation of " The Athens of
America." Its women, shared in the glories of the Maryland capital, for by their
elegant manners, varied accomplishments, and unsurpassed charms and graces, they
gained for their city the twin title of " The Paris of America." In this famous

Pabagbaph 1. (a) What was the golden age of Annapolitan History? (6) What was it at this
period?

Pabagbaph 2. (a) What came with the removal of the capital to Annapolis? (b) What did
they form? (c) What arts and refinements did they have? nli What led the local festivities? (e)
What remain in all their capacious proportions?

Pabagbaph 3. (a) What public bodies met at Annapolis? (6) What did these gatherings
bring together? (c) What did King William's School distribute? (d) What earned for Annapolis
the title of the Athens of America? and what the title of the Paris of America?

70 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

epoch of its interesting annals, its life of fashion and frivolity, of culture and
refinement, reached its height of broadest development. Wealth gave leisure and
promoted education ; education and leisure created a longing for refined and dissi-
pating pleasures.

•i. The presence of a large number of officials, some of whom had come from
" merrie England," and had imported its pleasures, its learning, and its refined
follies with the native invention of the Province, had produced a lengthened reportoire
of social amusements, while the emoluments of office, and the proceeds of successful
trade and of productive plantations provided the means to gratify the taste of these
gay and cultivated devotees of fashionable festivities. The theatre flourished in its
highest art ; the race-track blended excitement for the upper and lower strata of
pleasure seekers ; the weekly newspaper disseminated local, provincial and foreign
news ; the ball-room and its elegant and costly entertainments drew together a
refined and beautiful company of women and learned and handsome men, whose
society was sought by the great Washington who often came to Annapolis to enjoy
the delights of an unending programme of excitements and amusements.

5. The only place in the Province — nor was its peer to be found in any of the
American colonies — that offered worshippers at the shrine of Fashion the oppor-
tunity to gratify a refined and cultivated desire for the intensest social functions,
Annapolis had now become the rendezvous of a learned and dissipated society. The
very lack of mental effort, suggests Mr. McMahon, the want of useful and energizing
employment, and the wealth that lay at their command — the richest man in America,
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, with his two millions, residing there at this period —
begat a longing for these trivial pleasures, which they named enjoyment, because
it relieved "the ennui of the moment by occupation." Thus the gaiety, the
culture, the cleverness, and the very intellect of the Province, from potential causes,
were gathered here. Its lawyers came to the Courts, the judges to the Bench, the
clergy to the convocations, the delegates to the House of Burgesses, the Councillors
to the Council, and even the planters, whose tobacco had brought them fine revenues,
journeyed, with their families, to the capital to spend the winter amidst the excite-
ments and festivities of the General Assembly. These lordly people built costly and
elegant houses as their homes, and furnished them in a style corresponding to their
magnificence.

6. The staple export of the Province — tobacco — brought back to the colony, in
exchange for its superior quality, the luxuries of the foreign markets. Troops of
black slaves, obedient and capable, supplied the house with perfect service ; luinber-

Paragraph 4. (a) What had the presence of a large number of officials produced? (6) What
festivities flourished in Annapolis? (c) What disseminated news? (if) Whooften came to Annapolis
to enjoy its festivities?

Paragraph 5. (a) Was its peer to be found in any of the American colonies? (6) What had
Annapolis now become? (c) Who resided thereat this period? (d) What was gathered here? (e)
What did these lordly people build and how did they furnish their homes?

Paragraph 6. i«i What did the staple export of the Province, tobacco, bring back to the
colony? (b) How did these favored people travel and live?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 71

ing equipages, or old and rickety stage coaches, generally drawn by splendid horses,
bore the colonists about the country, while, in the city, the sedan chair, carried by
lackeys in rich liveries, was the luxurious car of the queens of the house. These
favored people sat on carved chairs, at curious tables, "amid piles of ancestral
silverware, and drank punch out of vast, costly bowls from Japan, or sipped Madeira,
half century old."

7. Three-fourths of the dwellings of the city gave evidence of the wealth and
refinement of the people, while the employment of a French 1) air-dresser, by one
lady, at a thousand crowns a year, was a suggestive outcropping of that wealth and
luxury which made Annapolis the home of a gay and haughty circle of social and
official autocrats. Commerce flourished, its merchants imported goods in ships from
every sea, and its enterprising citizens made special efforts to induce men of all
crafts to come and settle in their midst.

8. Nor was the element of evil wanting in this dwarfed prototype of a Europen
capital. Youth, wealth, beauty, learning, fashionable frivolities soon chastened the
rigors of the primitive viitues of the settlers of Providence, the pious and original
name of Annapolis, that its Puritan founders gave it, into the refinements of conti-
nental manners ; yet while these fascinating and dangerous attractions produced a
soft and luxurious coterie of mendicants at the feet of social and official autocracy,
they did not create the fame of Annapolis, for, although the lustre of its festivities
and the beauty and elegance of its women, whose charms and manners rivaled the
graces of the most polished and beautiful women of the mother-country, were
bruited throughout the Provinces, it was for its learning and culture that the little
city on the Severn was best known amongst the thirteen colonies.

9. Though it is true, " her jjleasures, like those of luxurious and pampered
life in all ages, ministered neither to her happiness nor her purity," yet, that manli-
ness of character that the English chronicler of its life, at that epoch had noticed,
marked the bearing of even the humblest of its people, and its citizens, at the first
call of the Revolution, responded to its demands by the exhibition of the highest
attributes of human nature and the loftiest aspirations of unalloyed patriotism.

10. This picture of Annapolis would want its best and brightest coloring, and
the right to its title of "the Athens of America," would be clouded if it were not
written that, in this city of pleasures, of Courts, Conventicles, of Assemblies, and
of proud and valiant men, were the best lawyers of America — the Jenningses, the
Carrolls, the Chalmers, Rogers, Hall, the Chases, the Johnsons, and the Dulanys,

Paragraph 7. (a) Of what did three-fourths of the dwellings of the city give evidence? (6)
What incident gave proof of its luxury and wealth? (c) "What flourished ut this period in
Annapolis? (d) What special effort was made by enterprising citizens?

Paragraph 8. (a) What was not wanting in this dwarfed prototype of a European capital?
{It) What did these attractions produce? (c) What created the real fame of Annapolis?

Paragraph 9. (a) What marked the bearing of even the humblest of its people? (b) How did
they respond to the first call of the Revolution?

Paragraph 10. (a) What would the picture want if it were not written that the city had in it

72 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

for almost all of them went in pairs, with lather arid son at the bar together —
Dulany, the younger, with his opinions courted by the Bench at home to aid them
in elucidating the law, and asked even from the great metropolis of London, domi-
nating them all.

11. From the lawyers sprang the real fame of Annapolis. It was gay, but it
halted in its gayety the moment that the call for earnest work was made. It was
learned ; it was patriotic ; it was capable ; it rose in sacrifice, from steep to steep,
as the trumpet-note of patriotism sounded for greater and more dangerous enter-
prises for the sake of American liberty. At every advance, the lawyers were in the
forefront — they were always on the outposts of freedom, to give warning of danger
to the liberties of the people ; their clarion tones were constantly heard calling to
battle ; they led the conflict in field and forum.

12. It was to such a community and in such a city — quick to hear ; nervous in
thought ; cultivated in the highest culture of the colonies ; jealous of its rights ;
used to severe struggles with the wilderness and battles royal with their autocratic
proprietary rulers; that the lawyers of Maryland, or rather of Annapolis, for here
the legal talent of the State was gathered, spoke. It was not surprising that the
profound polemics in which the lawyers of Maryland engaged — "Considerations "
upon the Stamp Act and the ministerial policy towards America, and the arbitrary
endeavor of Gov. Eden to make revenue laws over the head of the General Assembly,
by Executive Proclamations — produced results that thrilled the patriotic blood in
the veins of the hearers, and, as they talked in the ball-room, at the theatre, on the
race-track, at the Coffee House, in the Legislature, and which reverberating in the
Courts, sent contagious sentiments throughout the American colonies. Indeed,
when the First Stamp Act had been repealed in 1766, and Pitt had delivered his
speech founded upon the arguments that Daniel Dulany of Annapolis had furnished
him in his "Considerations why England should not tax America," the rejoicing
Philadelphians toasted that patriotic Annapolitan, as "the Camden of America."

13. The stately and handsome residence of Gov. Paca still stands a memento
of this grand epoch in Annapolitan history. The garden that surrounded it in ante-
Revolutionary days, more than any other spot in the capital, indicated the delightful
life of Annapolis, and that yet lingered after the Revolution, though feeling then,
under the new regime, the symptoms of decay. The spring-house, the broad
expanse of tree, the octagonal two-story summer-house, that represented "My
Lady's Bower," the rippling brook, fed by two springs of water, that went cheerily
along to the bath-house, that refreshed in the sultry days and gave delight to the

the best lawyers of America? (/>> Name some of these lawyers? (c) Who dominated the lawyers?

Paragraph 11. <n From what sprang the real tame of Annapolis? (6) Who were in the fore-
front of the Revolution?

Paragraph 12. (a) What was the character of the community to which the lawyers spoke?
(6) What 'lid their profound polemics produce? (c) Who furnished Pitt with hi^ arguments in 1766
on the repeal of tin' Stamp Act?

Paragraph 13. (a) What stately and handsome residence more than any other spot indicated
ihe delightful life of old Annapolis?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. To

occupants of the splendid old dwelling, form a picture upon which tradition loves to
dwell, and which is clearly written on the annals of departed glories in the remains
of the great walls that lies scarce hidden under the march of modern improvements.

14. Time would fail to tell of Aunt Kitty Smith's famous cook shop, where her
delicious pastry was made ; the curious records of old St. Anne's ; the high debates
in the Assembly ; the days of King William's School ; the shipyards ; the patriotic
town meetings ; the lordly banquets to distinguished visitors and honored sons ; the
splendid battles the General Assembly made for the liberties of the people ; the
grand polemics published in the Gazette ; its poets and its belles — they all linger
and hallow its streets and history — graceful decorations of a delightful and
departed age.

15. These stately houses that yet exist, these great names that will ever live
give to Annapolis the intensest charm to those who live to dwell in thought upon the
careers, ambitions and successes of the great and patriotic. Annapolis now needs
nothing in its annals to make it the lawful legatee of all that is ancient, honorable
and delightful in American history. Its patriotism w^as intense ; its culture broad ;
its statesmanship wise ; its women lovely ; its life gay, happy and progressive.
Not only are many of its homes adorned with the wrinkles of an honorable old age ;
but its stately houses and winding streets have their eunobling traditions, and recall
the day when, in the beliefs of the age, many a family had its familiar spirit, and
many a dark corner, its wandering ghost or goblin.

CHAPTER TWENTY-THIRD.

A QUAINT INCIDENT THAT LED TO IMPORTANT RESULTS.

1. The constant efforts of the Proprietary Government, immediately previous
to the Revolutionary War, in making encroachments upon the rights of the
people of Maryland, had succeeded in absorbing not a few of the privileges of its
citizens. There were patriotic spirits alert, however, to these denials of right, and
they determined to bring these lost immunities to the attention of the people.

Pabaghaph 14. I en What still linger and hallow the streets and history of Annapolis?

Paragraph 15. ii(i What gives to Annapolis its intense charm? (b) What does Annapolis need
to make it the lawful legatee of all that is ancient, honorable and delightful in American history-'
Ki With what are many of its homes adorned? ii/i What have its stately houses and winding
streets, and what do they recall?

Paragraph 1. («) What had the constant efforts of the Proprietary Government succeeded in
absorbing? (6) Who were, however, alert? (c) What did they determine to do?

74 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL (OrNTV.

2. At that time, previous to the year 1770, when it was demolished to make
room for another, there hung in the second State House a portrait of Queen Aune,
in whose hands was a scroll containing the charter of the city. This was most
appropriate, as the charter was given the city in the reign of Queen Anne, and,
after her, the city had been named. Age and dust had rendered illegible the
words of the charter. One morning the charter was found cleaned, and, at the
feet of Queen Aune, a coffin, covered with a pall, lay.

3. This strange spectacle was soon noised abroad in the city, and the keeper of
the State House, who was in the secret, gave public notice that, on a certaiu day
and at a certain time, he would lift the pall and open the coffin to ascertain what
was in it. A large company of citizens assembled at the appointed hour upon the
State House Hill.

■4. The pall, at the time selected, was lifted and the coffin opened. In the
casket was found a copy of the charter of the city. In the assemblage were the
hief actors in the civic drama. The charter of the city was, thereupon, read to the
public, amidst the delight and applause of the citizens assembled, who were enthu-
astic over the discovery of their ancient rights and privileges. The incident created
such a profound impression upon the people, that it roused the government to action
and these lost rights were restored to the public.

5. The authors of this forcible petition for the restoration of these chartered
rights were Samuel Chase, William Jennings and one of the noted family of Brice.

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOURTH.

ANNE ARUNDEL DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.

1. All of the acts of the great body of the people of Maryland, in the initial
throes of the Revolution, and up to within a few days previous to the Declaration of
Independence, when the Convention of Delegates gave authority to their represent-

Pabagbaph 2. (o)What hung in the second State House? (6) "What was in Queen Anne's hand?
(e) What had rendered the words of the charter illegible? (d) What was found one morning?

Paragbaph 3. in) What was soon noised abroad in the city? (6) What public notice did the
keeper of the State House give? (c) What assembled at the appointed hour?

Paragraph 4. (o) What was then done? (6) What was found in the casket? (c) Who were in
the assemblage? (d) What was read to the public? (e) How did the citizens receive this reading?
(/) What did the incident create? (g) To what did it rouse the government? i h i What did it
restore to the people?

Pabagraph 5. (a) Who were the authors of this forcible petition?

Paragraph 1. (a) What had been acts of the great body of the people of Maryland in the

A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. (5

atives in the Continental Congress to vote for that announcement, had been aimed
to preserve their rights as colonies of England, and had not been done in the
interests of separation from the mother-country. In this spirit the deputies from
Maryland met at Annapolis, on May 24th, 1774, and amongst their acts resolved
that "we acknowledge King George the third, as our lawful sovereign," and, in the
same series of resolutions, further resolved, "That the formation of militia be con-
tinued, and subscriptions for the same be levied by the several counties."

2. An effort was made in September, 1775, to require those citizens of
Annapolis who had not signed the articles of Association, to " quit the city, as
enemies to the essential interests of America." This was easily defeated in the
public meeting held on the subject. In the latter part of 1775, private correspond-
ence began to be examined by the Provincial authorities, for, in Annapolis was set
up the novelty of a dual civil government — each acting under separate authority—
the Governor by virtue of the warrant of the English Proprietary, and the county
eommittee commissioned by the people. Annapolis became daily more and more
deserted ; some leaving from fear of a bombardment of the city ; others on account
of the distressing times, bad markets and a general scarcity of money ; tradesmen
and mechanics abandoned their homes and retired from the vicinity of navigable
waters. Agriculture in the county was neglected, the voice of peaceful industry was
hushed, and, in time, King William's School was converted into an arsenal, and
military science became the universal study of the hour.

3. The committee of observation for Annapolis and Anne Arundel county was
most exacting in its efforts to preserve the conditions of their associations and con-
ventions. In June of 1775, Thomas Chipchase, a butcher of Annapolis, was called
before the committee in answer to the charge of killing several lambs. This was
contrary to the articles of the Maryland Convention, for the wool was wanted for
clothing. Chipchase, on pleading his ignorance of the prohibition, and the scarcity
of provisions, coupled with the promise to take care not to offend again, was par-
doned of his offence.

4. On the 28th of June, 1775, Captain Charles Henzell, of the Ship Adventure,
informed the committee of Annapolis, that his vessel, with goods on board, had
cleared for Maryland, his cargo consisting of two hundred dozen porter, one hun-
dred pipes in packs, 2,000 weight of cheese, and forty-two chaldrons of coals —
Winchester measure ; also, about seventy passengers, including servants. The
captain testified, under oath, that unfavorable winds prevented him from landing at

initial throes of Revolution been aimed to preserve? (6) What resolution did the deputies of Mary-
land pass on May 24th, 1774, at their meeting in Annapolis?

Paragraph 2. (a) What effort was made in September, 1775? (6) What began to be examined
in the latter part of 1775? (o) What novelty was set up in Annapolis? («/) Who constituted these
two governments? (e) Describe the condition of Annapolis at this time? (/) What was neglected?

Paragraphs, (a) In what were the Committee of Observation for Annapolis and Anne
Arundel County exacting? (6) Who, and for what, was he called before the Committee? (c) Why
was Chipchase pardoned?

Paragraph 4. (a) What information, on^Tune 28, 1775. did Captain Charles Henzell give to the

76 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

Madeira, whence he intended to sell his goods. The committee refused him per-
mission to unload his goods, but permitted the passengers to be landed.

5. A meeting of the inhabitants of Annapolis and Anne Arundel Ci unity was
held, on September 12, 1775, at which eight members of the State Convention was
present. The meeting resolved, that Samuel Chase, Thomas Johnson, John Hall,
William Paca, B. T. B. Worthington, Matthias Hammond, Charles Carroll, barrister,
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Captain William Hyde, Rezin Hammond, John
Bullen, Captain Richard Fostell, John Weems, Joseph Galloway, Stephen Stewart,
John Thomas, Thomas Tillard, Marmaduke Wyvill, Thomas Watkins, son, Thomas
Dorsey, John Dorsey, son of Michael, Edward Gaither, Jr., Caleb Dorsey, Richard
Stringer, Dr. Charles Alexander Warfield, John Burgess, John Davis, Benjamin
Howard, Elijah Robinson and Thomas Hammond, or any seven or more of them
be, and the}' are. hereby appointed a committee of observation for this county for
a term of one year. Charles Carroll, barrister, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Samuel
Chase, William Paca and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, were elected delegates to
represent the county in the State Convention. The next day the county committee
elected Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Brice T. B. Worthington, Captain William
Hyde, Matthias Hammond, Dr. Richard Fostell, John Bullen and John Thomas as
a committee to say what suits might be brought in the courts, and selected the same
with the exception of John Bullen and John Thomas, as a committee of correspond-
ence for the county. Each Committee was to serve one year.

6. No point was uncovered in the efforts of the patriotic people of Anne Arundel
to protect their rights and themselves. On January 21st, 1776, the Council of
Safety " Resolved, That Messrs. Launcelot Jacques, Charles Wallace, William Hyde,
Allen Quynn, James Brice, William Whetcroft and Beriah Marybury, or any three of
them, lie requested to make a chart of the land and water at the mouths of this
(Severn) river, specifying the width and depth of the channell between Horn Point
and Greenbury's Point, and some distance without and within the same." The
chart was returned on the 16th of March, and the Convention appropriated 5,900
pounds to fortify Annapolis. The Council of Safety desiring a larger sum. it was
given an unlimited order to complete the fortifications and to build a number of
"row-gallies or gondolas." Fortifications were then erected on Horn Point, Bea-
man's Hill, and Wind Mill Point, Breastworks were thrown up at other places.
Indeed, from Wind Mill Point on the Severn, where the Naval Academy Seamanship
Building now stands, to the new Naval Academy Armory, was one continuous line of

Committee of Annapolis? (ft) What did the Committee refuse?

Paragraph 5. (o) What meeting was held on September 12th, 1775? ((>) What resolution did
the meeting pass? ic) Who were elected to represent the county in the State Convention? (d)
What committee was appointed the next day?

Paragraph 6. («) How did tin/ people of Anne Arundel act to protect their eights and them-
selves? i'm What resolution did the Council of Safety make on January 21st, 177u? (c) How much
was appropriated to fortify Annapolis ? i</> What order was afterward given the Council of Safety;,
K i On what other Points were fortifications erected? (/) Where was there a continuous line of
breastworks? (gt Under whose management were th*>se forts erected?

An Annapolis Officer of the Maryland
National Guard.

,AKY

1...DLK ro^K'

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 77

earthworks. These forts were erected with great celerity under the direction of
.lames Brice, John Bullen, Charles Wallace, William Wilkens, Beriah Marybury,
John Brice, John Campbell, Joshua Frazier and Allen Quynn.

7. During these preparations the minds of the people of Annapolis reached a
high tension of alarm at an expected attack by British vessels. On May 5th, 1776,
information was received at Annapolis that a man of war was coming up the bay
and at no great distance from the city. Mr. William Eddis, who was present, says
" the consternation occasioned by this information exceeds description. The night
was tempestuous ; extremely dark ; and the rain descended in torrents ; notwith-
standing which, many persons began to remove their effects ; and the streets were
quickly crowded with carriages laden with furniture and property of various kinds.
A little reflection must have made it evident, that, without violent provocation, hos-
tilities would not have commenced, and, at all events, that timely notice would have
been given previous to any bombardment."

8. Gov. Eden, desirous of removing the apprehensions of the people, made
immediate application to the Council of Safety of the County, and proposed to send
a Hag of truce on board His Majesty's ship, the moment she made her appearance
or came to anchor off the harbor. The offer was accepted with a suitable acknowl-
edgment, and when, on the 7th of May, the British sloop Otter, Captain Squires,
arrived and anchored between Magothy and the Bodkin, Mr. Eddis, the English col-
lector of the port, was sent on board the ship with a flag of truce, with a letter from
the Governor, to which a satisfactory answer was returned.

9. The Otter captured a ship loaded with wheat and Hour, and several other
prizes; but these, whilst in charge of the Otter's tenders, were re-captured by the
Defence, under Captain Nicholson. The Otter stood by and offered no assistance to
her consorts.

10. The life of Annapolis at this period was most intense in its strain of
martial excitement. Gov Eden was permitted to remain at Annapolis, though
power had passed from his hands. Mr. Eddis, the collector, was not considered a
member of the Governor's household, and was fined ten pounds for being in
Annapolis, though lie was treated with great personal courtesy ; but there were
many who did not view with favor the presence of enemies in their midst. The
Council of Safety had agreed that people who had not joined the Association,
should not be banished from the Province. Contrary to this, notice was given to a
number of citizens that they must leave the city by 9 o'clock the next morning.
The papers were signed, "J. Weems," in behalf of Anne Arundel county. The
Council of Safety convened, and resolved that this action was contrary to the

Paragraph 7. (o.) What was expected of the people of Annapolis at this time? (6) What
information was received at Annapolis on May 5th, 1776? (c) What scene followed this information?

Paragraph 8. (o) What application did Governor Eden make to the Council of Safety? (6) How
was the offor received? (d) Who was sent on board the ship, and with what result?

Paragraph 9. (a) What was captured by the Otter? (6) Who captured these vessels?

Paragraph 10. (a) What was the life of Annapolis at this period? (6) Who was fined ten
pounds for being in Annapolis? (c) To what had the Council of Safety agreed? (d) Contrary to this

(8 A HISTOBY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

resolves of the Continental Congress, the Maryland Convention and the bill of
rights. John Weerns, who signed the cards, and Stephen Stewart, Jr., who deliv-
ered them, were called before the Council of Safety, where they acknowledged their
conduct in the matter, and were dismissed without further proceedings upon the
promise that they would not intermeddle any more in such matters.

11. Annapolis, the centre of the State Government, felt every pulsation of the
Revolution. Here most of the political movements and martial preparations of the
State had their initiative, while, when the conflict was in progress, the ships of the
enemy hovered on the coast of the city and county, and the fleets of the ally of
Ameiica repaired to its chief harbor, and the troops of France and the Colonies
again and again passed and re-passed through the city.

12. The Associators, of Annapolis, William Roberts, President, and John
Duckett, Secretary, were most energetic in supporting the State in its operations of
war ; they resolved (on July 11, 1776), that every citizen should aid in the con-
struction of the fortifications ; that preference on public works be given to those
who had joined the associations, and that no Associator should deal with a non-
associator. At this period there were six companies of Col. William Smallwood's
famous regiment, stationed at Annopolis, four companies of which a few months
later saved Gen. Sullivan's army at Long Island from destruction.

13. On Friday, March 21, 1777, Thomas Johnson, the first Governor of Mary-
land, elected by its people, was inaugurated at Annapolis, with imposing civil and
military ceremonies. At 9 A. M., on Thursday, the 21st of August, a considerable
fleet of British men of war, transports and other vessels passed the mouth of the
Severn and stood up the bay. Immediately after the fleet had passed Annapolis,
Governor Johnson issued a stirring proclamation, calling on a portion of the
militia of the State to march to the Susquehanna. During the winter of 1777,
Gov. Johnson raised a new brigade of the Maryland Line, placed himself at the
head of it, and marched to the assistance of General Washington, near Philadel-
phia. In 177S, Count Pulaski's legion of cavalry and infantry was organized in
Annapolis. Maryland furnished a portion of the recruits to this organization.

14. The city of Annapolis was affected not only with military matters ; but
internal troubles, connected with the war, constantly agitated it. In 1778, a con-
siderable number of citizens met in public assemblage, with Charles Carroll, of Car-

what was clone? (e) What action was then taken by the Council of Safety?

Paragraph 11. (a) What did Annapolis feel? (b) What caused this state of feeling?

Paragraph 12. (at Who were most energetic in supporting the State in its operations of war?
(6) What was resolved that every citizen should do? (c) Who were to be given preference on the
public works? (d) Who were stationed at Annapolis at this time?

Paragraph 13. (a) Who was inaugurated Governor on March 21, 1777? (6) What passed t lie
mouth of the Severn on Thursday, the 21st of August. 1777? in Immediately upon the passage ol
the fleet what did Governor Johnson issue? i«/i What did Governor Johnson raise? (e) Who had
command of the brigade and to whose assistance did it march? i/> What was organized at
Annapolis in 1778?

Paragraph 14. (o) What public Assemblage was held in 1778? (6) What resolution was made?

i' i Why was Lawrence allowed to remain in the city?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 79

rollton, in the chair, and resolved that John Lawrence, a citizen of Pennsylvania,
" ought to depart the city, and not return without the permission of the Governor
and Council," for having made threats of violence, and for attempting to put them in
execution, against Gov. Johnson, for carrying into execution against Lawrence,
a law that obliged the Governor to require Lawrence to take an oath of allegiance to
Maryland, or be fined, imprisoned, or return to his own State. On the certificate of
his illness by Dr. Murray, Lawrence was allowed to remain in the city until he could
be removed with safety.

15. The year 1780 was one of interest in the city and county. The Chesa-
peake froze from shore to shore ; persons crossed on the ice every day from Kent
Island to Annapolis. The Gazette, that was now printing only a half-sheet a week,
was burned out on the 4th of February. It was able to issue its paper shortly
after the fire, and entered largely, in its correspondence, into the discussion of the
question of confiscating the property of British subjects. On November 7th, Major
General Nathaniel Greene and Major General Baron De Steuben, with their suites,
arrived in Annapolis, on- their way southward, the former to relieve General Gates
of the command of the Southern troops. On September 8th, the news of the death
of Baron De Kalb who fell at Camden, leading the Maryland Line in a charge, was
received at Annapolis, where it created profound sorrow, for here he was personally
known, and loved for his many virtues and patriotic services to America. Congress
resolved, in October, that a monument should be erected at Annapolis in memory of
this gallant ally of America. The debt was due one hundred years before it was
paid by the unveiling, on August 16th, 1886, of the beautiful statue of De Kalb,
chiseled and cast by Ephraim Keyser, of Baltimore.

16. In March, 1781, Annapolis was blockaded by the British sloops of war
Hope and Monk. These prevented the French troops, then at Annapolis, from
reaching the head of the Elk. The people of Annapolis were greatly alarmed, and
were desirous of retaining the French at Annapolis ; but General Lafayette's desti-
nation was the head of the bay. Securing a small sloop, Lafayette placed two
eighteen pounders on it, and sent it forth under the command of Commodore Nich-
olson. The British, it is supposed, thinking that such courage came from having a
larger force available, dropped down the bay, when Lafayette proceeded to the Elk,
making a transportation of his troops in one day that, by land, would have taken
ten.

17. On July 18th, 1781, a meeting of the citizens of Annapolis was held in
reference to the new issue of 200,000 pounds paper money that the General Assem-
bly had just made in aid of war expenses. The citizens resolved that the issue was

Paragraph 15. (a) What incidents of interest occurred in Annapolis in the year 1780? (6)
What news created profound sorrow in Annapolis? (c) What resolution did Congress pass? (d)
When was this monument finally unveiled? (e) Who was the sculptor?

Paragraph 16. (a) What vessels blockaded Annapolis in March, 1781? (b) What ruse did
General Lafayette employ to make the enemy's ships drop down the bay?

Paragraph 17. (a) For what purpose was a meeting of the citizens of Annapolis held on July
18, 1781? (b) What resolution was passed?

80 A HISTORY OF ANNE AliUNDEL COUNTY.

necessary and to the real interest of every citizen of the State, who was determined
to prosecute the war in defence of his property and liberty, and to exert every effort
to support the currency. A committee, consisting of James Brice, Jeremiah T.
Chase, Allen Quynn, Frederick Green, Nicholas Maccubin, Jr., Samuel H. Howard
and Thomas Harwood, were appointed to attend to the conduct of the associators,
and to see that none broke faith with the other. A man who did, was deemed to
be infamous, and dealing with such a one after he had done it, was to be con-
sidered dishonorable.

18. The scenes at Annapolis at this period was most animating. At one day's
notice, 2,300 militia assembled here from Baltimore, to meet an expected attack of
the British fleet. Washington was now on his mai*ch from New York to Yorktown.
Regiment after regiment of that magnificent Maryland Line of the Revolution was
recruited and organized at Annapolis, and sent to the front. French frigates sen-
tinelled the mouth of the Severn ; and thousands of troops, French and American,
passed through the city on their way to Yorktown. The recruiting was under the
direction of that intrepid soldier, Major-General William Sinallwood. On August
28th, the Third Maryland, under Col. Peter Adams, left the city for Yorktown, and,
on September 7th, the Fourth Maryland, under Major Alexander Roxburg, marched
from Annapolis to join Lafayette at Yorktown. All was zeal and ardor in Mary-
land — a State that never flinched from its duty from the beginning to the end of the
Revolution. Annapolis was the focal point in its patriotism and preparation. On
the 12th of September, transports with the artillery, the grenadiers, and the Light
Artillery of the Allied Armies, arrived from the Head of the Elk, en route for James
River. On the 18th, 4,000 French troops, with a train or artillery, marched into
Annapolis, from the North, on their way to join Washington in Virginia. At the
mouth of the Severn rode the Romulus, the Gentile and several other French
frigates. The very air was martial and the inspiring scenes in the busy and throb-
bing little city prophetically forshadowed the final victory of the Revolution.

19 The news of Cornwallis's surrender reached Annapolis on Saturday
evening, October 20th, the day after his capitulation. It was communicated by
Count de Grasse in a letter sent by express to the Governor. The citizens hailed
the news with acclamations of joy and volleys of artillery. On Monday afternoon,
in fue de joie was fired by the "red artillery," and "selected militia," and, in the
evening, the ancient city was brilliantly illuminated.

Paragraph 18. (a) How were the scenes at Annapolis at this period? (ft) Describe some of
these scenes? (c) How did the State of Maryland act in the Revolution? (d) What place was the
focal point of its patriotism and preparation? (&) What arrived in the city on September 12th, 1781?
(/ i What rode at the mouth of the Severn?

Pabagraph 19. (a) What news reached Annapolis on October 20th, 1781'.' (6) Who brought
the news? hi How was this news received by the citizens?

The old Poplar on St. John's Campus

THE NEW YORK

PUBLIC L! BRAKY

A4TOK, LfehflX »»»•
1 . t DLN tO^M' i:CM

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 81

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIFTH.

A REVOLUTIONARY FIGHT IN ANNE ARUNDEL.

1. One action alone, in the Revolutionary War, took place in Anne Arundel
County. This was at Chalk Point, on West River, on the 31st of March, 1781. A
party of the enemy from the British ships, Monk and Hope, lying off Annapolis,
proceeded up West River, with the intention of destroying the property of Mr.
Stephen Steward. When they arrived at Chalk Point, about a mile from Mr.
Steward's, led by a runaway negro slave, they found a sis-pounder, with six men to
man it. These, supposing that the approach of an enemy, must come, necessarily,
from the front of the Point, had not noticed the British boat until it had rounded
the Point, and were too close to the American part}' for it to make use of their
cannon, the enemy being, at their discovery, within a few yards of the shore, and a
considerable distance in the rear of the guards. The Americans challenged the
British, who answered that they were : "Friends to Congress from Annapolis."

2. Notwithstanding this patriotic reply, the guards had their suspicions suffici-
ently aroused as to the truth of the reply as to tire on the boat with their small arms.
Some of the pieces of the guards missing fire, a part of them, frightened at the
numbers of the British, immediately ran away. The British returned this fire of
the Americans with a furious volley from swivels and small arms. Unfortunately
for that portion of the American party who remained at their post of duty, those
who had fled, carried with them all the ammunition. In this situation, with the
enemy's force consisting of three large barges, full of troops, the Americans, now
but six or seven in number, retreated to Mr. Harrison's place, where they expected
to make a stand.

3. The British proceeded to Mr. Steward's, where they burned a ship of twenty
tons, which would have been ready to launch in three or four days. They, also,
burnt the dwelling house of Mr. Steward, with several store-houses and most of the
furniture of his residence. With the store-houses were destroyed many articles used
for building ships and for other business purposes. Tools, timber and private

Paragraph 1. (a) How many engagements took place in the Revolutionary War in Anne
Arundel County? (b) Where did this occur? (c) What was the occasion of this encounter? {d)
What was placed on Chalk Point? (e) What mistake did the party on Chalk Point make? (/ I
When the Americans discovered the British why could not the Americans use their cannon? i</l
When the Americans challenged them what answer did the British make?

Paragraph 2. (a) At this reply what did the guards do? (b) How did some of the guards
act? (c) What did the British return to the fire of the Americans? (d) What was unfortunate for
the American guards that remained at their posts? (e) What was the enemy's force? (/) What
was now the number of the Americans? (g) To what place did the Americans retreat?

Paragraph 3. (a) To whose house did the British proceed? (b) What did they bum? (c)

82 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

papers were likewise consumed by the flames. The expected stand was not made
by the Americans at Mr. Harrison's, for the British passed through his place
unmolested and unmolesting. The destruction of the ship was, probably, the main
object of the expedition. At the shipyard near Mr. Steward's, a number of cannon
had been mounted, but the British avoided the place where the cannon were located,
apparently being well informed as to the situation of the country.

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIXTH.

LEADING EVENTS IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY FROM THE REVO-
LUTIONARY WAR TO THE WAR OF 1812.

1. Two charges against the King, George the Third, in the Declaration of
Independence, arose at Annapolis — one protecting, by a Court of Admiralty some
marines who had killed two citizens, and for quartering five companies of soldiers
on the town to support in 1757.

The citizens of Annapolis were enthusiastically patriotic during the Revolu-
tionary War.

Large bodies of troops were quartered in the town during that period, and
often the city was stirred by the presence of distinguished generals en route to
the war.

After the victory of Yorktown, General Washington, passing on his way north,
turned aside to accept a reception tendered him at Annapolis.

2. The leading events in Anne Arundel County from the Revolutionary War to
the War of 1812, were :

1783. December 23rd, Washington resigned his military Commission to Con-
gress, then in Session in the Senate Chamber.

1784. February 14th, the treaty of peace was ratified by Congress sitting at
Annapolis, with Great Britain.

1785. The Convention of Five States met at Annapolis to form a more perfect
Union. From this came the Convention of 1786, that perfected the Union of States.

1785. St. John's College was established.

Did the Americans make their expected stand at Mr. Harrison's? (d) What did the British avoid?

Paragraph 1. (a) What two charges in the Declaration of Independence against the King
arose in Annapolis? (h) Who were enthusiastically patriotic? (c) What often stirred the city?
(d) Who had a reception in Annapolis after the Revolutionary War?

Paragraph 2. (a) Name some of the leading events in the history of Annapolis from the
Revolutionary War to the W T ar of 1812

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 83

1791. March 25th, President Washington visited Annapolis.

1787. A stage route was established between Baltimore and Annapolis. The
coach ran three times a week to Baltimore and three times to Annapolis.

1788. Annapolis had a large foreign trade at this period. The Gazette, in one
issue, mentions the arrival of seventeen vessels, one vessel from each of the follow-
ing places : Barbadoes, Limingtou, Demarara, Aux-Ca}'s, Amsterdam, Dublin, St.
Croix, Salem, Belfast, Port-au-Prince, Charleston, St. Bartholomews, Rhode Island
and Norfolk, and three from New York.

1789. Annapolis was in the hey-day of horse racing at this period. The
Jockey Club of Annapolis was the then patron of the track.

1790. This year the citizens of Annapolis celebrated Washington's birthday.
Washington loved Annapolis, and its people venerated him.

1793. In January, the Lodge of Ancient York Masons, installed at their lodge
room in Annapolis, and all who had entitled themselves to the Amanda Lodge,
assembled to celebrate St. John, the Evangelist.

1800. On Sunday, January '28th, the Almshouse, a large colonial building, in
Annapolis was burned. Saturday, February 22nd, was made by the Governor's
proclamation a day of mourning, humiliation and prayer on account of the death of
General Washington.

1803. On Saturday, September 15th, there was given a dinner at Mrs.
Urquhart's Spring, Annapolis, where a discussion of politics followed by candidates
for the Legislature. This is the first notice found of the present political barbecue.

1804. On October 31st, the Frigate Philadelphia was captured in the harbor
of Tripoli. John Ridgely, of Annapolis, was surgeon on this vessel. Dr. Ridgely
was taken to Tripoli with other prisoners. He was commanded, under pain of
death, to come out and cure the Bey's daughter. He ministered to the sick woman,
and she recovered. The Bey then offered his daughter to the young American
surgeon. He declined this honor. He then tendered the freedom of the city to Dr.
Ridgely. The Doctor declined the liberty thus offered, unless his brother officers
had the same privilege. This the Bey granted. When Dr. Ridgely returned home,
the Bey gave him many presents, and when he had resigned from the Navy, and
had accepted the post of minister to Tripoli, the Bey gave him a summer house to
live in. Dr. Ridgely returned home and married his Annapolis affianced.

1805. The Farmers' Bank of Annapolis was incorporated in this year.

1807. The citizens, in public meeting, denounced the attack of the British
Frigate Leopard on the U. S. Ship Chesapeake.

1808. Fort Severn was begun in this year. Horn Point was also fortified.
This fort was named after Congressman Van Horn wdio presented to Congress the
memorial of the city authorities to have the town fortified.

8-4 A HISTORY OF ANNE AHUNDEL COUNTY.

3. The period of the war of 1812 was one of alarm, dissension and excitement
in Anne Arundel. Two parties were arrayed against each other with all the bitter-
ness born of political strife, intensified by the clash of arms before their very doors,
and for which one side bitterly accused the other of being the needless author.
The Federalists of Maryland were sympathizers with England in the war and bitter
opponents of the policy of the Republican, or Democratic, administration. The
democrats were intense haters of everything British, and were the firm and loyal
supporters of Congress and the President in the prosecution of the war. Peace
meetings were held in the county. Peace tickets were voted for at the elections, and
the Gazette, the organ of the Federalists, rang with violent denunciations of the
President, the results of the war, and the republican party generally. The Mary-
land Republican, a democratic paper, was equally furious in the defence of the war.
Jehu Chandler, its editor, was rewarded for his zeal by an office. During these
bitter debates Mr. Chandler was attacked and knocked down in the streets of
Annapolis.

4. While these denunciations of the war and the administration were in pro-
gress, Annapolis was turned into a military camp, and its citizens were constantly
excited by expectations of attack and by calls to arms, as the enemy frequently
appeared before its harbor. On April 19th, 1813, the citizens of Annapolis heard,
at an early hour, a discharge of cannon from Fort Madison and the drum beating the
call to arms. Several privateers had arrived in port announcing that they had been
pursued by the British Blockading Squadron. The people reported to their mili-
tary stations with a promptness that did credit to their courage and patriotism.
The public records were removed from Annapolis, boats were pressed into the
service of the State, and Major Charles S. Ridgely hastened to the city with his
command. Several companies of militia were called out, but their services were not
required. During these trying times William Ross, of Annapolis, was charged
with making, with treasonable design, bad cartridges for the soldiers.

5. In May, 1813, a British sloop went aground on Thomas' Point. The
patriots of Annapolis were anxious to burn the ship, but the Governor prudently
prevented the design, as five British frigates lay near to avenge the deed. The
Governor was charged in print with having said he was glad when the sloop finally
floated off. This led to a great war of words, but the evidence failed to support
the charge.

6. On the evening of August 3d, 181?>, three of the enemy's ships came up the
bay and anchored within three miles of Annapolis. Nineteen other vessels stood a

Paragraph 3. (a) What was the peril of the "War of 1812 in Annapolis? (6) Who were
arrayed'against each other? (c) Who favored the war? (d) Who opposed it? (e) What was held
in the county, and what tickets were voted for?

Paragraph ±. (a) Into what was Annapolis turned? (6) What did the citizens of Annapolis
hear on April 19th, 1813? (c) What information had several privateers brought? (d) To what
plains did the people report? (e) What military preparations were mail.'

Paragraphs, (a) What went aground on Thomas' Point in May, 1813? (6) What did the
patriots of Annapolis desire to do? (c) Who prevented it. and why?

Paragraph 6. (a) What came up the bay on August 3d, 1813? (6) What preparations were

A St. J.. tin's Cadet.

A HISTORY OF ANNE AHUNDEL COUNTY. 85

short distance below, arid were distinctly visible from the State House. Every
preparation was made to meet the expected attack. A large body of the drafted
militia was in town, with detachments of regulars and volunteers, all under the
command of Col. Carbury. Most of the families of the city fled to the country,
taking with them the principal part of their goods, and the town assumed the air of
;i military post awaiting the immediate onset of the enemy. The scenes in a few
days became more martial. Two 74's and one 64, seven other ships, frigates and
sloops of war, and three tugs of the enemy passed up and' lay between Hackett's and
Sandy Points. One large frigate anchored immediately opposite Annapolis, and
another two miles farther down. Below Tolley's lay two 74's, two other frigates,
and a number of smaller vessels, tugs, schooners, and tenders. There were con-
stant calls to arms in Annapolis, and the town was in a vigilant state of feverish
excitement awaiting attack. The forces of the city were augmented by the arrival of
Captain Morris, of the frigate Adams, who was given command of both forts. He
brought with him a large body of prime sailors. Capt. Miller came from Wash-
ington with a detachment of marines, and Capt. Getzendanner, from Frederick, with
a company of riflemen. In the midst of this martial and patriotic array, the Gazette
continued to make vindictive attacks upon the war policy, and peace meetings were
held all over Anne Arundel. In the latter part of August, the British squadron
sailed down the bay, and the excitement subsided.

7. Internal dissensions continued after the departure of the enemy. From
their chord of sympathy with the British, the Federalists despised Napoleon.
When he fell, they rejoiced, and, at Annapolis, they celebrated his downfall by a
bancpiet in the city on the 15th of January, 1814. A large concourse of gentlemen
from different parts of the State and from the District of Columbia, having assembled
for the celebration, they formed, at noon, at the City Tavern, and marched to St.
Anne's Church, headed by a band of music, "where," says the sympathizing
chronicler of the event, " the throne of grace was addressed in an appropriate manner
by Rev. Mason L. Weems, and an oration pronounced by the Hon. Robert Goodloe
Harper, replete with political knowledge and the eloquence of truth."

8. The distaste which the democratic and republican portion of the community
felt for these proceedings, was shown by the boys disturbing the ceremonies in the
church by throwing stones at the windows and making other violent demonstrations,
whilst men in the gallery expressed their opposition to the services by behaviour
that added to the general confusion. Major Alexander Stuart, commanding a
detachment of United States troops, stationed in the city, ordered the national flag
to be lowered to half-mast, and minute guns to be fired, to show his regret at the
discomfiture of Napoleon.

made? (c) Describe the preparations, and how did the scenes become? (rl) What other vessels
appeared? (e) What American forces arrived in Annapolis? (/) In the midst of this martial and
patriotic array what did the Gazette continue to do?

Paragraph 7. (al What continued after the departure of the enemy? (b) Who celebrated,
in Annapolis, the fall of Napoleon?

Paragraph 8. (a) How did the democratic portion of the city and Major Stuart of the U. S.
Army show their distaste to the proceedings of the banquetters?

86 A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY.

9. "After the performances at the church were over," the company, joined by a
number of sympathizing members of Congress from Washington, who had just
arrived, formed in a procession and marched back to the City Tavern, and then to
the Assembly Rooms, where a sumptuous repast was enjoyed. J. C. Herbert,
Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates, presided at the banquet. The toasts
were to the Union of States, to Blucher, and to the coalesed powers of Europe.
The last was : " May Bonaparte never receive more agreeable despatches from this
country than the toasts of this day." After dinner, when nearly half the company
had retired, the remainder formed themselves into a procession, and, headed by a
band of music, marched through several of the principal streets. While thus
marching, the procession was met by a mob, and assailed witli clubs, brick-bats and
other miscellaneous weapons. They, however, said the triumphant Gazette, "turned
tables on the ringleaders and inflicted upon them summary punishment."

10. During these martial times Fort Severn was partially manned by a volun-
teer company from Annapolis, composed of its best citizens. Amongst these were
Dr. John Ridgely, formerly surgeon in the United States Navy and Minister to
Tripoli, and his brother Richard Ridgely. Nicholas Brewer, served as Faymaster
in the Federal Army, and was stationed at Annapolis, and his son, later Judge
Nicholas Brewer, was a lieutenant, and took part in the disastrous battle of
Bladensbury.

11. The city of Annapolis was once more menaced, and on June 29th, 181-1,
several captures of American vessels were made by the British lying off Plumb
Point, about thirty miles below Annapolis. On July 9th, the British Frigate
Narcissus, accompanied by a schooner and two smaller vessels, passed Annapolis
going up the Bay, and four days later returned with twelve bay craft as prizes.
Again the proximity of the British turned Annapolis into a military post. In
August the British ships appeared off Annapolis, and on Sunday, September 18th,
between sixty and seventy sail passed in sight of Annapolis, while moving down
the bay. The battle of North Point had been fought and Fort McHenry unsuccess-
fully assailed. On February 15th, 1815, the news of peace arrived at Annapolis,
and, on the 22nd, the city celebrated the welcome intelligence. The town was
brilliantly illuminated, the joy of the people was unbounded, all former political
differences were buried, all past dissensions forgotten, and all was "peace- and good
will towards men." In the midst of this brilliant spectacle, stood the State House,
conspicuous for its elevation and fiery splendor. The great rotunda was decorated
with a full length portrait of Washington, suspended from the centre of the inner
dome, which, ornamented with numerous tasteful devices, made an illumination
both brilliant and magnificent.

Paragraph 9. (a) After the performances at the Church were over what events occurred?
(6) What was the last toast of the banquet? (c) What happened as the banquetters marched
through the streets?

Paragraph 10. i«i How was Fort Severn partially manned during these martial times?

Paragraph 11. (a) When was the city of Annapolis once more menaced? (b) Into what was
Annapolis again turned? (c) When did sixty or se% r enty of tin' enemy's ships pass down the bay?
((/i What had been fought and what unsuccessfully assailed? in What arrived at Annapolis on Feb-
ruary 15th, 1815? (/) How did the city celebrate the welcome intelligence?

A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 87

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVENTH.

ANNAPOLIS A CENTRE OF NATIONAL INTEREST.

1. The city of Annapolis, from the French and Indian War to the present time,
has been a place of colonial and national interest. The bold stand that the people
of Maryland took in meeting the aggressions of Lord Baltimore in the French and
Indian War, and the intrepid conduct of the Maryland Legislatm-e in resisting the
attempt to filch taxes illegally from them attracted the attention of both the
colonies and of England to the courageous character of the people of Maryland. The
treatment of Hood, the stamp officer, must have introduced the people of Annapolis
most favorably to the people of all the colonies. The Revolutionary record of the
State won the laudations of the chiefest of Americans, on whose shoulders fell the
heaviest burdens of the struggle, and who deeply felt the aid he always so timely
and generously received from the citizens of Maryland. Annapolis and Anne
Arundel were foremost in these practical patriotic demonstrations. After the Revo-
lution, always held in affectionate remembrance by Washington, Annapolis became
an object of national interest by the necessity of having it strongly fortified, as it was
the rear door to the capture of Washington by an opposing force. Presidents often
visited Annapolis, and thus, close to the national capital, the city soon fastened its
hopes, after unsuccessfully seeking to be the national capital itself, upon the coveted
prize of the proposed Naval Academy being located in its midst ; and, as early as
1826, the Maryland Legislature passed a resolution asking that the institution be
established here. Many have been the interesting national' and local events that
have occurred in the little city on the Severn. A summary of the leading ones
from the peace of 1815 to the establishment of "the Naval Academy in the city in
1845, are :

1816. A British Frigate arrived at Annapolis, March 16th, with the British
Minister aboard. The Frigate saluted the town and the City Battery returned the
salute. President Madison visited Annapolis in March.

1817. A steamboat, the Surprise, now regularly ran between Baltimore and
Annapolis.

1818. Efforts were made in this year to remove the capital to Baltimore.
Sunday Schools were opened in Annapolis in April.

Paragraph 1. (a) From what period has Annapolis been a place of public interest? (d) What
attracted the attention of the Colonies and England to Maryland? (c) "What did the' revolutionary
record of Maryland win for her? (d) Who held Annapolis in affectionate remembrance? (e) What
action did the Maryland Legislature take in 182(5? (/) To what city is Annapolis the rear door of
its capture? (g) What leading events have occurred at Annapolis? (h) Can you name some of the
leading events in the history of Annapolis from 1815 to 1845?

88 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1821. The Act of Assembly was passed that provided for the building of the
present Court House.

1822. Party local names at the city election this year were "Caucus" and
'Anti-Caucus." Caucus won.

1823. A bill was passed to incorporate a company to build a bridge over the
Severn.

182-1. A census of Annapolis was taken, that, with the soldiers in the Fort,
made the inhabitants number 2,500. Monday, April 19th, the boiler of the Steam-
boat Eagle, on her first trip from Baltimore to Annapolis, exploded off North Point.
A soldier from Fort Severn and Henry M. Murray, of Annapolis, lost their lives by
this accident.

1827. The State Library was established in this year.

1828. In the election of delegates to the Legislature this year in Annapolis,
the tickets were Jackson and Adams. One Jackson and one Adams delegate was
elected.

1829. An act was passed to form a company to extend the Chesapeake and
Ohio Canal to Annapolis.

1830. A number of citizens pledged themselves to vote for no man who gave
drink, money or anything else to purchase votes.

1835. The corner-stone of Humphrey Hall, St. John's College, was laid
June 25th.

1840. The first passenger train left Annapolis for the Junction on Christmas
day of this year.

CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHTH.

THE NAVAL ACADEMY ESTABLISHED AT ANNAPOLIS.

1. An event of lasting importance to Annapolis, occurred on October 10th,
1845, when the Naval Academy was established there. For this the city of Annap-
olis is indebted to a citizen of the county, Commodore Isaac Mayo, of the United
States Navy. He knew the value of Annapolis as the site of the institution, and, as
a member of the board of five officers to choose its location, from the first vote to
the last ballot, Commodore Mayo supported the claims of Annapolis. Two places,

Paragraph 1. (a) What occurred in Annapolis on October 10th, 1845? (&) To whom is the
city of Annapolis indebted for the location of the Naval Academy in its midst? (c) What two places
had two votes at the beginning?

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A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 89

League Island and Newport, each had two votes at the beginning. Gradually the
vote turned to Annapolis and it was chosen.

2. Previous to the location of the Academy, at Annapolis, first called the Poly-
technic School, then the Naval School, and finally, the Naval Academy, Fort Severn
and its grounds, consisting of nine acres, on which were the officers' quarters and
the barracks for the garrison, were turned over to the naval authorities for the site of
the new establishment. The growth of the Naval Academy in numbers and impor-
tance has been marvellous. Prom scarcely fifty students, it has now nearly a
thousand Midshipmen enjoying its curriculum ; from a handful of mean and dilapi-
dated buildings, it is being transformed, by its commodious and magnificent edifices,
into one of the architectural wonders of the world. The first sod, in this transfor-
mation, was turned on April 24th, 1899, by Rear Admiral Prank V. McNair, then
superintendent of the Naval Academy, and, at the time, the oldest living graduate of
the Academy in the active service of the Navy.

3. The grounds of the Academy have equally increased in importance and
acreage. From scarce ten acres in 1845, the Academy now covers 200 acres in
Annapolis, and the Government Farm, practically a part of the institution, has
114 acres in its bounds. Across the Severn, a half mile distant from the Academy,
are the grounds of Fort Madison, now used as an Experimental Station, and a rifle
range for Marines and Midshipmen, They contain 90 acres of land.

4. The establishment of the Naval Academy at Annapolis quickened its waning
trade, increased the value of its realties, enlarged its social advantages, and benefitted
its citizens by contact with a large body of educated and professional men. Youth, as
well as mature age, has been helped by the location of the institution here — the sports
and festivities have been of large interest and constant entertainment to the active
mind and enterprising energies of youth. The institution itself, acknowledged " as
the best naval school in the world," has supplied the American Navy with a superior
body of capable and efficient officers.

Paragkaph '2. {a) What was the Naval Academy first called? (6) How many acres did it con-
tain when established? (c) What was turned over to the naval authorities for the site of the new
establishment? (</) What has been the growth in numbers and importance of the Naval Academy?
(e) How many midshipmen are there now? (/) How many were there when the Academy com-
menced? (g) What change has taken place in its buildings? (h) Who turned the first sod of the
new Naval Academy? (i) What was its date? (./) What was Admiral McNair at this time?

Paragraph 3. (a) How have the grounds of the Academy increased? (6) To what extent have
they grown?

Paragraph 4. (a) What has the establishment of the Naval Academy at Annapolis done for
the city?

90 A HISTOEt OF ANNE ARUNDEL ( i >UNTY.

CHAPTER TWENTY=NINTH.

ANNE ARUNDEL FROM THE CIVIL WAR TO THE PRESENT.

1. In the year 1866, the Naval Academy returned from Newport to Annapolis,
and in 1870 St. John's College that had been closed during the civil war, resumed
operations, under the Presidency of James C. Welling.

For the first time in the history of the whole country, at Annapolis, .May 80th,
1883, the Union and Confederates joiued together and decorated the graves of the
common dead of the civil war. Meade Post, of the Grand Army of the Republic,
set this patriotic example, by inviting Lieut. Samuel T. McCullough, late of the
Confederate Army, to deliver the address on the occasion. The invitation was
accepted in the same generous spirit in which it was tendered, and Federal and
Confederate marched together to the silent city of the dead and laid their immor-
telles on the graves of those who had died for their convictions on both sides of the
great conflict.

On Wednesday, March 9th, 1887, the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line began
the running of its first regular trains.

On March 5th, 1891, the City of Annapolis and the Legislature celebrated the
200th anniversary of the removal of the capital from St. Mary's to Annapolis.

On April 8th, 1896, President McKinley visited the Naval Academy. On May
11th and 12th, the Maryland Division of the Sons of the Veterans met at Annapolis.

2. The Chase Home was aglow Saturday afternoon, January 16, 1897, from 2
o'clock to 7, with the spirit of that colonial social life which made the charms and
graces of Annapolis society famous to the remotest bounds of the American planta-
tions. The brilliant occasion was the opening tea of a series of entertainments that
were given during the season to aid the fund for the maintenance of the Chase Home.
The historic house, with its broad halls and ample rooms, filled with the rich and
antique, was an inviting spectacle to the hundreds of delighted visitors who came
from Annapolis, Baltimore and the Naval Academy to enjoy the social festivities of
the tea, and the sight of so many rare and valuable treasures of art and history.
As one of the receiving ladies, well posted in chronology, said " adding the three
lost years of history, we are now in the 20th century, and this house represents, in
its furniture and fittings, four centuries, the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th."

Paragraph 1. (a) When did the Naval Academy return to Annapolis from Newport? (b) What
year, after the civil war. did St. John's College re-open? (c) What was the first time that Union and
Confederate soldiers joined together to decorate the graves of tin' common dead of the civil war.'
ah At what place did the remarkable event occur? in Who set this patriotic example? (/i When
did the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line run its first train? o/i What notable anniversary
was celebrated on March 5th, 1894'.' (h) Who visited Annapolis on April 6th, 1898?

Paragraph 2. i«i What brilliant social event took place in Annapolis on January 16th, 1897?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. !'l

The receiving party was Mrs. J. Caile Harrison, directress of the Chase Home ;
Mrs. William G. Ridout, Miss Prue Ridout, the Misses Craven, Miss McFarland,
Mrs. Eugene Worthington, Miss Milligan and Miss Nelson of Annapolis ; Miss
Juliette "Wise, of the Naval Academy ; Miss Cora, Rogers and Miss Virginia Wilson
of Baltimore. The tea was served in the old dining roc mi, to the right of the main
hall and busy were the receiving ladies in waiting on their numerous guests. On
the table were four pieces of candelabra, two single and two with three lights, that
illuminated the Chase Home when Lafayette was a guest here in 1824. These
were used for the first time since the last owner's death, eight years ago, then
having been stowed away in the vaults of the Farmers' National Bank of Annapolis,
and were only brought out to grace the occasion.

3. Annapolis city became intensely patriotic at the opening of the Spanish-
American War, and many volunteers immediately offered their services to the
Government. Amongst these was Company G, of the First Regiment of the
National Guard, commanded by Captain James C. Porter; Lieut. Philip E. Porter,
and Lieut. George R. Tydings. It was a most inspiring spectacle, as the hour for
departure arrived, to witness the cornrjany tile out of their Armory on Maryland
Avenue, headed by their captain and, forming under the national colors stretched
across the street, march away to carup escorted by the Naval Academy Band and
the St. John's Battalion. Annapolis alone furnished to the Army and Navy about
two hundred white volunteers. In addition to Company G, Company A, of the
First Regiment, M. N. G., had a number of Annapolis volunteers in it. Amongst
the officers of this company were Captain Edwin D. Pusey and Lieut. Hugh Ridgely
Riley, of Annapolis. These two companies served ten months, part of the time, at
Camp Meade in Pennsylvania, then at Fortress Monroe, and later at Camp
Mackenzie, in Augusta, Georgia.

4 After the battle off Santiago, July 3d, 1898, the Spanish Officers, captured
from Cervera's fleet, were sent to the Naval Academy as prisoners of war. The
captives were treated with marked consideration, and given the freedom of Annapolis
every clay until eight in the evening, when they had to report to the Academy. Admiral
Cervera showed his confidence in the American people by walking through the streets
of Annapolis, in company with several of his officers, the morning after his arrival,
to attend worship at St. Mary's Catholic Church. They soon became familiar figures
on the streets of "ye antient capital of Maryland," and, accepting many courtesies
from our citizens, made warm friendships. The prisoners at once showed their
respect for America by uncovering and saluting "Old Glory " as the morning colors
rose, the day after they arrived, on the Hag-staff at the Naval Academy. The cap-
tives were both surprised and grateful for the courtesies they received, and, returned,
after a nominal captivity of several mouths, to their country, with a high apprecia-
tion of the American character.

Paragraph 3. (a) How did Annapolis become at the opening of the Spanish-American war?
(6) How many white volunteers did Annapolis furnish to the Army and Navy?

Paragraph 4. (</) Who were sent as prisoners of war to Annapolis after naval action off San-
tiago? (6) How were the captives treated? (c) How did the prisoners show their respect for
America?

92 A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY.

5. On February 12th, 1899, the great "blizzard" began at Annapolis, and for
three days Annapolis was cut off from communication by road, rail, and water, from
all other cities.

6. On May 11th, 1900, women voted in Annapolis for the first time in its history.
Under an Act of Assembly, all taxpayers, as well as legal voters, were authorized to
vote on a question of issuing $121,000 of bonds to pay off a floating indebtedness
of $21,000, and to improve, with the balance of the issue, the City Dock and Streets
<>f Annapolis. A number of women taxpayers availed themselves of the privilege,
two-thirds of whom voted for the bond issue. The ballot was indirectly made an
educational test, as all voters had to write ou the official ballot, "for" or "against
the bonds," as they desired to vote. Few illiteiates attempted to cast a ballot. The
bond issue was carried by a large majority.

7. On May 21st, 1901, dedicatory ceremonies of the Southgate Memorial Shaft
and Fountain, took place here. The Fountain and Shaft are located on Church
Circle at the head of College Avenue, under the shadow of St. Aunt's Protestant
Episcopal Church, where Dr. William Southgate, in whose memory they are erected,
by the citizens of Annapolis and by Old Parishioners of St. Anne's, served as rector
fur thirty years. The day was the second anniversary of his death.

8. The work on the " Addition to the State House " began in the fall of 1902.
The addition is intended as the Hall of the House of Delegates and the Chamber
of the Senate of Maryland, with apartments and committee rooms, for the use of
the two Houses of the Legislature. The historic Senate Chamber and the State
House, as it was when first erected in 1770, were preserved and the effort was made
to secure an architecture in the addition in harmony with the old building. The
edifice, opposite the addition, known as the State building and commenced in 1901,
is used as the apartments of the Court of Appeals and the State Library. There
is room in the library rooms for 150,000 volumes.

9. This year (1902) the city lost one of its most historic houses. The Naval
Academy authorities demolished the building which, from 1753 to 1867, had been
the residence of all the Governors of Maryland. General Washington had been a
guest in the house and many illustrious heroes of the Revolution had lived in
this building, known as the Government House of Maryland.

10. On Monday, May 18, 1903, the Colonial Theatre was opened at Annapolis,
on Church and Conduit streets, with the play of "The Holy City." Work was com-
menced on the building December 4, 1902.

Paragraph 5. (a) How long was Annapolis cut off from outside communication by the blizzard
of February 12th, 1899?

Paragraph 6. (a) Who voted in Annapolis for the first time on May 14th. 1900? (6) What
was the occasion of their eligibility to vote? |ci How did the women taxpayers voir?

Paragraph 7. (a) What was dedicated on May 'Jlst, 1901, at Annapolis? (6) In « hose memory
was the shaft dedicated?

Paragraph 8. (a) When did work on the addition to the State House begin?

Paragraph 9. (a) What historic house did Annapolis lose in 1902?

Paragrhph 10. (a) When was the Colonial Theatre opened?

PUBLIC SCHOOL HOUSE AT CURTIS BAY. AXXE ARUNDEL COUNTY

PUBLIC SCHOOL HOUSE AT BROOKLYN, ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

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A HISTOID OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 93

11. On October 5, 1903, the School of Application for the education of
marine officers was opened at Annapolis, under the charge of Major Charles A.
Doyen, II. S. M. C.

12. The year 1904 witnessed the restoration of Annapolis to its ancient digni-
ties of the head of the civil government of Maryland. At this time Governor
Warfield took up his residence, not only in its official, but its social and personal
sense, and identified himself at once with the interests of Annapolis, reflecting the
spirit of the age where its colonial and other subsequent Governors made it the
focal pi lint of State government. He opened the Governor's Mansion as "the
people's house," and made its charming apartments the scene of many social and
official festivities.

13. On February 8th, 1904, the day after the commencement of the great fire
in Baltimore, companies M and G, of the First Regiment, of the Maryland National
Guard, were ordered with their regiment, to service in the guard of the Burnt District.
The two companies were commanded by Major James C. Porter, and the companies
were respectively officered, Company M, by Captain Hugh Ridgely Riley, and Lieu-
tenants William E. Hollidayoke and Zachary H. Cranford ; and Company G, by Cap-
tain James C. Porter, and Lieutenants George R. Tydings and George T. Tydiugs.
After eight days a number of the men of the two companies were detached, and a
Provisional Company formed, with Captain Riley in command. This company
served five days additional.

14. On May 15th, 1905, the Annapolis Banking and Trust Company, with
Luther H. Gadd, as President, was opened for business. The one of the most noted
events in Annapolitan annals in this year was the restoration of the Senate Chamber
of Maryland to its ancient adornments and fixtures, as far as was possible, to the
designs that obtained in it, when the great incidents that made it historic, occurred
in this notable room. The old Gallery, the ancient Fire-Place, the Niche at the
rear of the President's desk, have been duplicated, and the Governor, who took the
keenest interest in the restoration, by his personal effort, secured, from a citizen of
Annapolis, the desk that stood in the Chamber when Washington resigned his
commission to Congress.

Paragraph 11. (a) When was the School of Application opened?
Paragraph 12. (a) What was witnessed this year in Annapolis?

Paragraph 13. (a) What two Annapolis companies were ordered to Bcltiniore after the great
fire of February 7th, 1904?

Paragraph 14. (a) What was opened in Annapolis on May 15th, 1905?

94 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

CHAPTER THIRTIETH.

RECEPTION OF THE REMAINS OF JOHN PAUL JONES.

1. An event, international in its interest, occurred at Annapolis, on July 24th,
1905, when the remains of John Paul Jones were received from the French nation
by the representatives of the American Republic. The squadron of warships, under
Rear Admiral Charles D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., from Cherbourg, France, bearing the
bodj of John Paul Jones for burial at Annapolis, arrived in the Chesapeake, July
22, 1905. The squadron consisted of the flagship Brooklyn, which had the casket
on board, the Galveston, Tacoma and Chattanooga. The ships were met outside
the Virginia Capes by the Battleship Squadron of the North Atlantic Fleet, under
Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans. This squadron was organized in two divisions, the
first in the command of Rear Admiral Evans and the second commanded by Rear
Admiral Charles H. Davis.

2. Admiral Sigsbee's squadron received a salute of fifteen guns from each
division of the escorting ships, in honor of Admiral Jones as a vice-admiral. Upon
reaching Cape Henry, Admiral Evans' Squadron, composed of the Maine as flagship,
the Missouri, Kentucky and Kearsarge, passed into the lower Chesapeake Bay.
Then came Admiral Sigsbee's squadron, and following the vessels of Rear Admiral
Davis's division, composed of the battleships Alabama, Illinois, Massachusetts and
Iowa.

3. Admirals Sigsbee and Davis's squadrons proceeded immediately up Chesa-
peake Bay, bearing trie body of Admiral Jones toward Annapolis, while the vessels
of Admiral Evans' squadron sailed toward to Old Point Comfort, Va., en route to
Lambert's Point, where they anchored.

4. At the peak of each warship the tri-color of France fluttered in the fresh
breeze, while the American colors flew half-masted on the staff. The French
cruiser Jurien de la, Graviere lay ofl' Annapolis when the American fleet arrived.

5. On July 24th the body of Admiral Jones was transferred from the Brooklyn
with due ceremony, and, amid the usual salutes, to the tug Stan dish, which bore the
body to the shore, where an imposing guard was drawn up to receive it.

6. The escort consisted of midshipmen from each of the ships of the fleet, a
battalion of sailors from the fleet, two companies of marines from the Naval

Paragraph 1. do What noted event occurred in Annapolis in July, 1905?

Paragraph 2. ta\ How was Admiral Sigsbee's squadron received?

Paragraph 3. (a) Toward what place did squadrons of Admiral Sigsbee and Davis proceed.

Paragraph 4. (o) How were colors of France and America placed upon their res] tive ships?

Paragraph 5. (a) With what ceremonies were the remains of John Paul Jones transferred?

Paragraph G. (a) Of what did the escort consist?

A HISTOBY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 95

Academy, the battalion of midshipmen then at the Naval Academy and all the
officers of the fleet and station.

7. The cortege was commanded by Rear Admiral Sigsbee and was headed by
the Naval Academy band, under Prof. Charles A. Zimmerman. Next in the line
were the marines of the home station, consisting of two companies, and following
came the brigade of marines from the fleet. The band from the Brooklyn led
the sailors' battalion, which was next, the fifty French blue jackets first and then the
American ; then followed the midshipmen, the officers of the fleet and of the
Academy. The hearse followed, flanked by the pall-bearers and followed by the
French and American sailors who acted as honorary body bearers.

8. Admiral Sigsbee who was in command, inarched in the rear, as the regula-
tions for the occasion required. The body-bearers consisted of Rear Admiral
James H. Sands and Charles H. Davis, Capt. Benjamin F. TiUey, Capt. E. D.
Taussig, Captain William H. Reeder, U. S. N., and Capt. E. E. Gervais, command-
ing the French cruiser Jurien de la Graviere. In front of the bier marched
Chaplain H. H. Clark, of the Naval Academy, who conducted the religious services
at the temporary vault, and Chaplain George L. Bayard, of the Brooklyn, who
assisted him.

9. The assemblage of over a thousand men of the navy, in uniforms, made an
impressive display. After a brief but most appropriate ceremony, the bier on
which lay the casket was slowly pushed to the vault and deposited on trusses by
the pall-bearers. The grating was then locked, the sentry posted, and the troops
retired. The whole ceremony had occupied a little over half an hour. Not an
untoward incident had marred it, and it was in every way as solemn and dignified
as the notable event demanded.

10. Rear Admiral Sigsbee was in command of the exercises ashore and afloat.
Rear Admiral Sands, superintendent of the Naval Academy, made all the shore
arrangements. The first battalion of sailors was under command of Lieut. Comdr.
Henry F. Bryan, of the Alabama, the second under Lieut. Comdr. Harry George, of
the Tacoma; the brigade, composed of the two battalions, was under Comdr.
Reginald F. Nicholson, of the Tacoma. The marines were commanded by Captain
Theodore H. Low, of the Alabama.

11. The formal national reception of the body, with appropriate exercises, is
reserved until it shall be placed in the splendid naval chapel now being erected near
the site of the temporary vault.

Paragraph 7. (a) Who commanded the cortege V (b) Can you describe the procession?

Paragraph 8. («) Where did Admiral Sigsbee march? (6) Who were the body bearers? (c)
Who conducted the religious exercises?

Paragraph 9. (ai Of how many men did the assemblage consist? (b) Where was the body of
John Paul Jones placed?

Paragraph 10. (a) Who commanded the exercises ashore and afloat?

Paragraph 11. la) To what time are the formal national exercises of the reception of the
remains of Admiral Jones reserved?

96 A HISTOBY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

CHAPTER THIRTY-FIRST.

WAR SCENES IN ANNAPOLIS.

1. On the 23d of April, 1861, after a dramatic correspondence with Gov.
Hicks, in which he protested vehemently against the landing of Federal troops,
Gen. Butler embarked his command from the Steamer Maryland, and seized the
Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad. This called forth another protest from Governor
Hicks who insisted that the occupancy of the road "would prevent the members of
the Legislature from reaching Annapolis." The Governor had called the Legisla-
ture in extra session to consider the serious condition of affairs in the State and
Federal Union, growing out of the secession of the Southern States, and the resort
to arms by the Federal authorities to bring them into subjection to the Federal
Government. The place of meeting of the General Assembly was, upon the occu-
pancy of Annapolis by the Federal troops, changed to Frederick city.

2. The people in Annapolis were, in general, Southern sympathizers, and some
went so far as to wish to resort to force to prevent the landing of the Union troops,
and the Gazette of that period stated, that " the people of Annapolis are highly
indignant at the occupation of our city." No violence was offered the troops, but
the engines of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad were put out of repair by
some of the Southern sympathizers. When Gen. Butler called for machinists to
repair the engine he wished to use, a volunteer stepped forward, and found that the
engine was one that he had helped to build.

3. The Southern sentiment in the city had been displayed a few days before
General Butler landed by the hoisting of a Confederate flag on a pole on West
street. The leading spirits in this demonstration were August S. Bryan, Levi Tay-
man, William H. Gassaway and John S. Sewell. From the strong Union element
in the lower section of the town, a crowd of men marched in a body to pull down
the Confederate flag. William H. Mills was half way up the pole to the flag when
Mr. Thomas Basil, a merchant and member of the Governor's Guards, a military
company, who had his gun in his private keeping to prevent its seizure, rushed out
of his store, and pointing the musket at Mills, exclaimed : " Come down there, or
I'll shoot !" Mills dropped to the ground immediately. Shortly after this incident

Paragraph 1. (o) With whom did Governor Hicks, have a dramatic correspondence in April,
1861V (ft) What did General Butler then do? (c) What protest did Governor Hicks make? !d) To
what place was the Legislature called in extra session?

Paragraph 2. ("i What were the people of Annapolis? (//) What did some wish to do? (c)
Was any violence offered the troops? (d) How did the people feel about the occupancy of their
city? (e) What damage was done at the railroad? i/i What singular incident happened when
General Butler called for a machinist to repair the engine?

Paragraph 3. How had the Southern sentiment been displayed before the lauding of General
Butler? lb\ Who were the leading spirits in this demonstration? (c) Who attempted to pull down

TB£ NE

PUBLIC I.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 97

Judge Alexander B. Hagner came to Mr. Basil's store, and said : " You would help
to allay the excitement here if you would let that flag come down." Mr. Basil at
once yielded to this conservative advice and the flag was lowered.

4. Annapolis, from the landing of Butler, to the close of the war, was an
important military post, and while older heads who held secession views, found it
wise to be quiet, a company of Southern youths, boldly dressed in red and white,
with wooden guns, paraded town without fear or molestation, and, on the night
when the news of the first battle of Bull Run, July 21st, 1861, was received in
Annapolis, a crowd of young Southern sympathizers came down from the depot
singing and cheering over the defeat of the Federal troops. This was the last of
these public demonstrations of delight at Southern victories. The Federal authori-
ties began to show the glove of iron as well as the hand of iron in the management
of public affairs in Maryland, and the citizens of Annapolis even found it a danger-
ous combination to put red and white in juxtaposition in their articles of dress.

5. The Federal authorities not only supervised the sentiments of the Anne
Arundel people, but took part in their elections, many soldiers illegally voting at
them, and others, standing guard at the polls, deterred the citizens from casting
their ballots, while their generals prescribed new qualifications in the nature of illegal
test oaths for the electors. Amongst the incidents of the times was the arrest of
Dr. Thomas J. Franklin, of the eighth district, the democratic candidate for Senator,
on the day of election. On September 10th, 1862, Basil McNew, an ardent South-
erner, was arrested and placed in the Guard House at Annapolis, and was detained
there three days on a charge of uttering "disloyal sentiments." In the Guard
House Mr. McNew vociferously hurrahed for Jeff Davis and the Southern Con-
federacy, and, it was, with difficulty, that the Federal paroled prisoners there
could be restrained from doing personal violence to their enthusiastic Southern
sympathizer. Mr. McNew was carried to Fort McHenry, and, finally released, after
a brief imprisonment.

6. The preparations for the embarkation of the expedition of Gen. Burnside
from Annapolis to Beaufort, North Carolina, added greatly to the already military
atmosphere of the city. Thirty thousand troops poured into the town while the
broad harbor of Annapolis was filled with transports for the invading army. This
expedition brought Gen. Grant to Annapolis, and one of the incidents of the times

the flag, and what thereupon happened? \d) Upon whose advice did Mr. Basil consent to let the
flag come down?

Paragraph i. (a) What was Annapolis during the Civil War? (b) What did the older heads
who held secession views, And it wise to be? (c) In what way did the younger Southern element
show its sympathy with the South? (d) When did this open sympathy with the South end? (e)
What became a dangerous combination of colors?

Paragraph 5. km What else beside dress did the Federal authorities supervise in Anne
Arundel? (b) Whom did they arrest upon election day? (c) Who voted illegally in the county?
i./i Who prescribed illegal test oaths for the voters? |c| Who was arrested on'a charge of uttering
disloyal sentiments. (/) What was done with Mr. McNew?

Paragraph 6. (a) What expedition embarked from Annapolis? (b) What distinguished gen-

!)8 A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY.

was the grouping of Grant, Burnside and Admiral Meade in the corridor of the old
City Hotel. The Confederates, too, were represented by agents who had come for-
ward with their lives in their hands to spy out the expedition. Amongst these, the call
of Gen. Lee for this dangerous work, was Private Welch O wings, of the Confederate
Army, a native of Anne Arundel, who came to Annapolis and boarded at McCul-
lough's Hotel, while he took notes of the maritime armament preparing to attack
the Southern coast. Mr. Owens returned safely to the Confederate Army. One of
the amusing incidents of this preparation was the manner of putting the horses on
some of the transports. A large derrick was built and a reversed saddle placed
beneath the horses and securely fastened. Then, at the appointed moment, the
derrick lifted into the air the astonished animal, struggling, kicking and snorting,
and thence deposited him to the lofty deck of the vessel.

7. The most exciting period in the martial history of Annapolis during the
civil war, after the landing of Butler's troops, was the alarm caused by the raid of
Gen. Early, in July, 186-4, into Maryland, and nearly up to the gates of Washing-
ton. The Federal authorities at Annapolis at once proceeded to fortify the town,
erecting entrenchments, some of which yet remain, from the head of Dorsey's Creek
to Old Woman's Cove, on Spa Creek. To further this work citizens of Annapolis
were impressed into service, and marched daily to the breastworks. A number of
ardent Union men, whose patriotism did not rise to their enlistment as soldiers,
armed with authority and bedecked with swords, paroled the town and took especial
delight in impressing Southern sympathizers into this work. There were, however,
wiser Union men than these who objected to such methods, reasoning that, in case
of a Confederate attack, it would be dangerous for the attacked to have enemies
within their own lines. This alarm subsided in three or four days, and a number of
Southern sympathizers who had concealed themselves to avoid impressment, emerged
from their hiding places. One of them had found refuge in the tower of the First
Methodist Episcopal Church.

8. As soon as the war ended, a cordial and generous spirit immediately
prevailed in the city of Annapolis between those who had differed so strongly on
the mighty questions that had divided the country. This generosity of sentiment
has been cemented in the firmest attachment to the Federal Union,. though the
adherents on either side have not abated in the least in their devotion to the princi-
ples that each maintained on the great issues that separated the people in the war
between the States, and which were settled by the uncompromising arbiter of the
sword.

eral did this bring to Annapolis? m How were the Confederates represented? m'i What singular
device was used to put the horses of the expedition upon the vessels?

Paragraph 7. on What was the most exciting event in Annapolis after the lauding of General
Butler? (b) What did the Federal authorities erect at Annapolis? (r) Who were impressed into
this sen ice?

Paragraph 8. (a) As soon as the war ended what spirit immediately prevailed in Annapolis?
(b) To what did this generosity of sentiment lead?

A HISTOllY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 99

CHAPTER THIRTY-SECOND.

A PLAINTIVE STORY IN THE HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.

1. The story of the expatriation of the Acadians from Nova Scotia has hlled
many a page of history, and inspired many a thought in poetry. Anne Arundel
had its portion in the pathetic side of this sad and cruel judgment executed upon
an unfortunate people. On the first of December, 1755, five vessels arrived in
Annapolis, with nine hundred of these unfortunate exiles on board. This was the
apportionment allotted by the British government for Maryland to provide for.
The people of Annapolis were, at first, exercised at the thought of having such a
large number of "French Papists," as they called the exiles, amongst them — this
fear being excited by the double reason — that they represented to them, both a foreign
element and a religious foe. The poor Acadians, however, proved objects of pity
and of charity, rather than of fear, and food and raiment, of which they were greatly
in need, were promptly supplied them.

2. The people of Annapolis were greatly distressed by the necessity of pro-
viding for so large a number of persons. No public supply had been appropriated
for them, and the best citizens, among them Daniel Dulany, of Daniel, became
private almoners, and canvassed Annapolis soliciting donations for them, which
were turned over to the city authorities, who had charge of the matter. These
vessels lay awaiting a favorable wind, for which distressed citizens earnestly prayed,
to take the larger part of the exiles to other parts of Maryland. Three of
these vessels were despatched to other points for distribution of the Acadians
amongst their inhabitants for support. They were carried to Patuxent, Oxford and
Somerset. Sad was the story of the suffering, deprivation and scorn, which was
their lot, with here and their some friendly Christian sympathy and assistance.

3. Part of the colony left at Annapolis was taken to Baltimore. Those that
remained at Annapolis were quartered in large warehouses on Hanover and Duke of
Gloucester streets. Laws were passed by the Legislature placing these unfortunates
under the control of the Count}* Courts, and the Acadians were not allowed to pass
from county to county without a pass. The situation was rendered more severe by
the exiles claiming that they were prisoners and were, therefore, entitled to a public
support. With this view the people of Maryland had little sympathy. The Legis-

Paragbaph 1. (a) What has the story of the expatriation of the Acadians filled and inspired?
(6) How many vessel loads of them arrived in Annapolis in December, 1755? (<•) How many were
the Acadians in number? (d) What was their condition?

Paragraph 2. :</) What effect did their arrival have upon the people of Annapolis? (6) To
what places were the Acadians despatched?

Paragraph 3. (a) Where was a pai't of the Annapolis colony taken? (h) What laws were
passed for their keeping? (c) What county was, and why was it, excepted from this distribution?

6331

10(1 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

lature ordered the Acadians to be distributed iu every county of the Province save
Frederick. That county was thought too near the seat of war — the French and
Indian — for any number of disaffected persons to be sent to it.

4. Those who went to Cecil had their own settlement and their history has been
preserved ; those that were allotted to Baltimore resided near the Battle Monument
on Calvert street. Their history is well known. These Acadians went to work in
the. shipyards and in other crafts and became a prosperous class, — some of their
descendants were amongst the leading citizens of Baltimore. Not so with those of
Anne Arundel. Not a trace of their subsequent history from their landing can be
found. Not a name remains that can be warranted to be that of a French Neutral,
although, it may well be believed that their descendants still remain in "the ancient
city." By this absorption and disappearance their plaintive story has added a sad
chapter to the history of Annapolis.

CHAPTER THIRTY-THIRD.

THE GEOLOGY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1. The geological formation of Anne Arundel County is of the alluvial and
diluvial period. The vast changes, made iu the countless ages of the past upon the
surface of the land and beneath it by the action of water, still continue in rapid
alterations along the shores of the tide water creeks, rivers and the Chesapeake.
There the waves and tides are constantl}* tearing away one part of the shore and
building up another. The rapid and potential effects of these forces have been
marked in the section near the mouth of the South River on the eastern banks. A
short distance from its entrance into the Chesapeake lies Fishing Creek, formerly a
branch of South River, about a mile in length and in some parts nearly a half mile
in breadth. The head of the Creek was formed by a narrow strip of land between
the Creek and the Bay. About fifty years ago, a small opening that a shovelfull of
earth would have closed, was made in this strip by the water. The opening widened
until it is now about four hundred yards in breadth. While this action was in
progress, the former mouth of the creek on South River gradually closed, until it
can be crossed on land dry shod. The island that forms the south bank of Fishing
Creek, formerly the site of the Thomas' Point Light, is rapidly washing away. The

Paragraph 4. (a) What history of them have been preserved? (b) Can any history of the
Annapolis colony be found?

Paragraph 1. (a) Of what period is the geological formation of Anne Arundel county? (6)
What still continues along the shores of its tide-waters? (c) Where have these changes been
marked? (d) Can you give the curious change that took place in mouth of Fishing Creek?

o
a.

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3

TH E k,,

A HISTORY OP ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 101

old residence of the keeper of the light, and the abandoned light-house having been
washed into the bay, and the island cut in two parts by the tide. Fifty years ago
one island of three that lay at the mouth of West Eiver, and known as the last of the
Three Sisters, still remained to mark the site of the group. It since has disappeared.

2. Another feature in the surface formation of Anne Arundel is observed in
the former heads of Creeks. Investigation of them will show that many of the
tide-water creeks in the county extended inland a much greater distance than
they do now. Washings from the banks, and the withered growth of plants and
trees have combined to fill up the creeks, and make beautiful meadows for the
farmer. One of the most not-able changes, in the county, but only notable because
a record has been preserved of its changes, is that of the, cove that formerly
extended from Dorsey's Creek, north of Annapolis, past the site where the
Annapolis city jail now stands on Calvert street. The water was so deep there a
hundred and fifty years ago, that a shipyard was established upon its banks, and
great ships were launched into the cove.

3. The formation of the land in Anne Arundel belongs specifically to the
Cretaceous period, that is that which is formed by deposits from other sections.
This is most apparent on the Severn Eiver. The upper Cretaceous is formed of
fine sand and clays, clearly stratified, and in the case of the clays often laminated.
Characteristic fossils of the period have been found at Millersville and on the
Severn and Magothy Eivers. Anne Arundel abounds in what is called the Eocene
deposits. These often outcrop from the ground in a specie of green sand stone,
filled with marine shells, one of which makes most beautiful building stone, being
easily worked when first taken from the ground and hardening as exposed to the
atmosphere. The green sand marl deposits of Anne Arundel are of unknown
origin. Beds of sand of great commercial value, on account of their thickness and
purity, are found on Severn Eiver. They are used both for building purposes and
in making glass. Fine moulding sand, equal to the standard grades, also abound
on Severn Eiver. There are valuable clays for the making of bricks and iron
ore deposits along this river. They were formerly worked. Pottery clay exists
near Glen Burnie, in the fifth district of the county.

4 In Maryland there are not merely representations of all the great time-divi-
sions of geology, but of each of the subordinate periods as well, while many of the
best characterized eras and epochs may also be distinguished. These geological
periods are like great dials — the eons, the hours and the eras and epochs, the
minutes and the seconds. A map, prepared under the authority of the State, shows

Paragraph 2. (a) What other feature in the surface formation of Anne Arundel is observed?
(/j) What notable change took place in Dorsey's Creek?

Paragraph 3. (a) To what specific period does the formation of land in Anne Arundel belong?
(6) How is this land formed? (c) Where is this formation most apparent, and of what is it com-
posed? (d) Of what is the land made in the Upper Cretaceous formed? (c) What deposits abound
in Anne Arundel? (/) In what specie of stone do they often outcrop? (y) What are found on the
Severn River? (h) What exists at Glen Burnie?

Paragraph 4. (a) What are represented in Maryland? (6) How many paleozoic formations are
shown to be in Maryland? (c) What does paleozoic mean? (d) Into how many geological provinces

L02 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

that there are distinguishable eight pre-Paleozoic, thirteen Paleozoic and eight post-
Paleozoic formations — Paleozoic meaning the lowest strata, of fossiliferous rocks.
The number of separate horizons is even greater than these. Maryland naturally
falls into three distinct geological provinces — an Eastern Coastal Plain, in which
Anne Arundel is situated, surrounding the Chesapeake ; a central Plateau and a
western region of mountains. Excavations for artesian wells, made to the depth of
six hundred feet, show that the sub-strata of Anne Arundel consists of alternate
layers of sand, gravel and clay, interspersed with wood in the sand, in ±he
initial stages of coal formation. The presence of the wood in the sand suggest
in some far, remote age, the shore of a vast and unknown ocean. Wherever the
ground is penetrated to the depth of two hundred feet or more, water impregnated
with sulphur and iron is found in Anne Arundel. Not only, commercially, but, as
a study and an art, the geology of Anne Arundel is an interesting and improving
pursuit.

5. Elevations in Anne Arundel County are : At Annapolis State House, 58 feet ;
Mariott Hill, (1st district), 240 feet ; Davidsonville, (1st district), 185 feet ; Owens-
ville, (1st district), 182 feet ; Odenton, (4th district), lfiO feet ; Jewell, (8th district),
160 feet ; Friendship, (8th district), 150 feet ; Glen Burnie, (5th district), 55 feet.

CHAPTER THIRTY-FOURTH.

THE INDIANS OF ANNE ARUNDEL.

1. Few Indians were in Anne Arundel at the time of the settlement of the
county. The land that composed the county, belonged to the Susquehanna Indians,
a warlike tribe, inhabiting the section at the head of the Chesapeake, who were
in continual hostility towards the Indians in Southern Maryland. Their rapines and
forays, for the capture of chatties and women, had driven the Indians of St. Mary's
county to cross the bay to seek shelter, by water and distance, from their incur-
sions, and the most northern tribe of Southern Maryland was the Piscatawa v, which
inhabited Prince George's county. The fear of Indian invasion made the settlers
keep an organized troop in Anne Arundel to protect tin- county from surprise.

does Maryland naturally fall? What are they? (c| of what does sub-strata of Anne Arundel con-
sist;' (/) What is found in the sand? (g) What is the character of the water two hundred feet, or
more, beneath t he surface?

Paragbaph 5. What are the elevations in Anne Arundel?

Paragraph 1. (a) Were the Indians tew or many in Ann.- Arundel at the time of its settle-
ment? (&) To what tribe did the land of Anue Arundel belong? (c) What part of the country did

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 103 i

•J. The people of Auue Arundel concluded on the 5th day of July, 1652, a
treaty of peace with the Susquehanna Indians. This treaty was made at Annapolis,
tradition says, under the old tulip poplar tree which stands on the campus at
St. John's College. The document recited the description of the land the whites
were to have and gave the right to the Indians to build a fort on Palmer's Island.
The treaty recited "that all former injuries being buried and forgotten, from
henceforward, they do promise and agree to walk together and cany one towards
another in all things as friends, and to assist one another accordingly."

3. This treaty was never broken by any open war. The northern Indians in 1681,
came into Anne Arundel and killed a colored man and wounded two whites, one of
them fatally. They committed a robbery at the time, and this was the motive of
the assaults. The county was subjected constantly to fears aroused by exaggerated
reports of Indian invasions. At the time of the Protestant Revolution, of 1689, the
people were excited by a rumor that nine thousand Frenchmen and Indians were at
the Cliffs in Anne Arundel. When investigated, not a Frenchman nor an Indian
was to be found at the place named.

4. In 1692, a small party of Indians, having come into Anne Arundel county,
threw it into a great state of alarm. Thomas Sparrow, of Anne Arundel, met them
while out bunting in the back woods. The Indians appeared more friendly than
hostile, having sent after Sparrow and warned him and his party not to go hunting,
for there were Indians on the war-path, who would kill them if they met them. A
Frenchman being taken up in Anne Arundel as a spy at the time, added to the
apprehensions of the people. No injury at all resulted from the advent of the
Indians.

5. In June, 1665, Captain William Burgess, of Anne Arundel, had charge of a
body of soldiers who were charged to find out the Indian enemy. He was to keep
parties ranging the woods around the head of Patuxent, Patapsco and Bush Rivers,
and even up to the utmost bounds of the Province upon the Susquehanna River.

6. Trading with the Indians was one of the profitable occupations of the colony,
and was entirely regulated by law, it being a prerogative of the government, as well
as a practice of dangerous consequences when not restricted. The Assembly of

the Susquehanna Indians inhabit? ((/) Who were the most northern tribe of Southern Maryland?
(e) Whal did the fear of Indian invasion make the settlers keep?

Paragraph 2. (u.l With whom did the people of Anne Arundel conclude a treaty of peace on
July 5th, 1052? (6) Where does tradition say this treaty was made? (c) Where were the Indians
allowed to have a fort? (<l) What did the treaty recite? (e) Was this treaty ever broken by an
open war? (/) What act did the northern Indians commit in Anne Arundel in 1681? (g) To whal
was the county constantly subjected? (/i) What rumor excited the people in 1689?

Paragraph i. (a) Who threw the county into a great state of alarm in 1692? (6) Who met
the Indians? (c) How did tin' Indians appear? (il) What added to the apprehensions of the people?
(c) What resulted from the advent of the Indians?

Paragraph 5. Of what body of soldiers did Captain William Burgess have charge in 1665''
(6) What was he to keep?

Paragraph 6. (a) What was one of the profitable occupations of the county? (6) How was
this trading regulated? (c) What Indian trading posts were in Anne Arundel in 1682?

104 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1682 proposed a number pf Indian trading posts in the Province, two of them being
in Anne Arundel — one at Col. Taillers, at Herring Creek; and the other at Col.
William Burgess's, at Londontown.

7. The Indians of Maryland present the same pitiful story of disappearance
and annihilation before the onward march of white civilization. The beloved names
by which the aboriginees knew the broad Magothy, the beautiful Severn, the
picturesque South, the winding West, and the commodious Road Rivers, have
perished from the memory of man, and the single tributary or name that connects
the red man with his once favorite grounds in Anne Arundel is an English title —
Cabin Branch, that empties into Underwood's Creek, about four miles north of
Annapolis. Here the last Indian to remain in this section is said to have had his
wigwam.

8. The last tribe of Indians to visit Annapolis lived on the Potomac River.
Their tribal connection is even unknown to us. They exchanged their lands witli
the Calvert family for lands in Baltimore County, where game was more plentiful,
and, as the white population advanced, they retired to the Susquehanna. The
Eastern Shore Indians continued to visit Annapolis, and, as late as 1840, there
were some few inhabitants still living in Annapolis, who remembered the visits of
King Abraham, and his Queen, Sarah.

CHAPTER THIRTY-FIFTH.

THE THREE STATE Hol'SES IN ANNAPOLIS.

1. The most historic building in the county of Anne Arundel is the Sbte
House in Annapolis. The present one was built in 1772. It was preceded by two
others. The first one was built in 1696. This building had a brief and tragic
history. On the journal of the House of July 13th, 1699, it is recorded, "that, on
Thursday, July 13th, about four or five of the clock in the afternoon, a violent Hash
of lightning broke into the State House at Annapolis — the House of Delegates
being there sitting, which instantly killed Mr. James Crauford, one of the members,
of Calvert county, and hurt and wounded several other members, and shattered and

Paragraph 7. (a) What do the Indians of Maryland present? (b) What has perished from
the memory of man? in What single exception exists as t<> the connection of the Indians with the
waters of the county?

Paragkaph 8. (a) Who were the last Indians to visit Annapolis? (6) With whom did they
exchange their lands? (c) To what section did they retire? (d) What Indians continued to visit
Anna]« ilis?

Paragraph 1. (a) What is the most historic building in Annapolis? (6) When was the present

J3
H

—

.rfl

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 10o

broke most part of the doors and window cases belonging to the said house, and
sett ye said State House ou tire in one of the upper Chambers, and several other
damages ; but the fire was presently quenched by the diligence and industry of his
Excellency, Nathaniel Blackstone, his majesty's governor." In 1704, this State
House was burned down, but from what cause the fire originated neither the records
nor tradition have preserved.

2. The second State House was finished in 1706, and stood where the present
State House now stands. It was in the form of an oblong square, entered by a
hall, opposite to the door of which were the judges' seats ; and, on either side, were
rooms for the juries to retire, for this building seems to have been used as a Court
House as well as a State House. It was a neat brick building, Over the judges'
seat was a full length portrait of Queen Anne. A handsome cupalo surmounted the
building, and was surrounded by balustrades and furnished with seats for those
who desired to view the scenery presented from its dome. On the north of this
State House an armory was built, in which the arms of the Province were arranged,
and when the room was lighted up by the wooden gilt chandelier, the reflection
from the arms produced a most brilliant effect. Portraits of Queen Anne and Lord
Baltimore hung in this room, which was often used as a ball room. On the west
of the State House stood the famous King William's school. On the east the
present Council Chamber, for the meeting of the Governor and his Council, was
built about the year 1697.

3. In 1769, the Legislature appropriated seven thousand pounds sterling to
build the present State House. The foundation stone was laid on the 28th of
March, 1772, by Gov. Eden. In 1773, a copper roof was put on the State House,
and in 1775 a violent equinoctional storm tore off this roof. The dome of the State
House was not added until after the Revolutionary War. The entire height of the
State House is 200 feet from base to spire, and it stands on an elevation 58 feet
above sea-level. Its magnificent site, its simple architecture, gives it a lofty and
majestic appearance, that has, in all periods, excited the admiration of strangers and
citizens alike. The main building is of brick, and the dome of wood. From time
to time changes were, made in the north-west side of the exterior of the building,
the latest being the addition ordered by the Legislature of 1902, in order to accom-
modate the General Assembly. The universal opinion is that the addition has
materially affected the beauty and granduer of the old State House which is
endeared to all lovers of American patriotism by the noted events that have occurred
within its walls — Washington having resigned his military commission in the Senate
Chamber there December 23rd, 1783 ; the treaty of peace with Great Britian that

one built? (c) By how many State Houses was it preceded? (d) What was the history of the
first one?

Paeagehph 2. (a) When was the second State House finished? [b) What was a form of it?

(c) Can you describe this building? (d) What portraits hung in this room? (e) What famous
school stood on the west of this State House?

Paragraph 3. (a) What appropriation did the Legislature make in 1769? (6) When was the
foundation stone of the present State House laid and by whom? (c) When was the dome added?

(d) What is the entire height of the State House? (el What does its magnificent site and simple

106 A HISTOBV as anni: abundel county.

made the Colonies free and independent States, having been ratified there, and the
Convention of 1786, that led to the greater Convention of 1787, that made us a
more perfect union of States was held in this building. The building is rendered
especially sacred to Marylanders, because, over and over again, the Maryland General
Assembly, on its site, valiantly battled for the rights of the people when assailed by
the Crown or the proprietary.

CHAPTER THIRTY-SIXTH.

SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION EN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1. The first record of the establishment of a school in Anne Arundel County
is that of King William's School, at Annapolis, which was erected in the year 1696,
by an Act of the Legislature, and through subscriptions by members of the
Assembly and others. It was established to educate youths in " Latin, Greek,
writing and the like," and its faculty consisted of one Master, one usher and one
Writing-Master or scribe. This and other schools created by the act were denomi-
nated ''free schools." Up to this period whatever of education was given in Anne
Arundel was of a private nature, and no record of it remains.

2. In 1723, the Legislature passed an Act establishing one school in every
county in the Province, and seven Commissioners were appointed for each county,
who were called Visitors, and who were to have the authority over the county
schools. The seven visitors for Anne Arundel were : — Rev. M. Joseph Colbatch,
rector of All Hallows' Parish, Col. Samuel Young, William Lock, Captain Daniel
Moriartee, Charles Hammond, Richard Warfield, John Beale. Donations of public
monies were made to support these schools. This system of public schools con-
tinued down to the Revolutionary war. the original act, establishing them, being
amended from time to time.

3. In addition to these public schools there were private Academies and institu-
tions of learnings in Annapolis and in the county. The Catholics, though ostensibly
debarred by law from keeping or teaching school, nevertheless established them,

architecture give it? (/) What noted events have taken place in the Senate Chamber of the present
State House? {g) What makes the building especially sacred to Marylanders?

Paragraph 1. What is the first record of the establishment of a school in Anne Arundel? (6)
For what was it established? fe) What was it and other schools established by the act of 1696
called? (rfi Up to this period what had been the nature oi education in Anne Arundel?

Paragraph 2. (a) What did the Legislature of 1723 pa^>? (b) Who were appointed to govern
the schools? (c) Who were the visitors to the Anne Arundel Schools- (d) To what time did this
system of public schools continue?

Pakagkaph 3. (a) What other institutions of learning were in the county and Annapolis besides

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 107

and one of these was kept, in 1752, by James Elston, a Catholic, about six miles
from Annapolis. Elston accommodated his theological teachings to the require-
ments of his patrons, stating that he would educate such of the people's children in
the Catholic religion as approved of it, and such as did not he would educate in the
Protestant way. The desire for learning in Annapolis brought private educators to
the city, and one of these, William Clayton, announced through the Gazette, that
" the Subscriber having, by a great Application, acquired a reasonable knowledge of
the English Grammar, he professes to Teach the same at the Free School of
Annapolis. Those Parents who cannot afford their sons spending several years in
the learning of Greek and Latin, may, by this Proposal, procure to them the only
Benefit commonly expected from these Languages. The Learning of their own :
Besides, their daughters can as easily enjoy the same Advantage. As he does not
take upon himself to Teach English Pronunciation, (which will be Taught, as usual,
by Mr. Wilmot) he hopes no judicious Person will make any Objections to his
being a Foreigner ; and that, as his Proposal is of a self-evident Advantage to
Youth, he will meet with good Encouragement. His terms are very moderate, being
only Thirty Shillings, additional to what is allowed Mr. Wilmot. N. B. This will
make no Alteration to the Price given me for Teaching French, Latin and Greek."

4. Learning in the country was attended in its acquisition with the dangers
incident to the yet unconquered wilderness. On the north side of the Severn, near
the mouth of the south bank of the Magothy, was a great forest of five hundred
acres. Past this deep wood the children of Mr. Richard Moss had to pass to go to
school. One morning, led by James, the elder of the group, as the children were
on their way to school, as they opened a gate on the public road, they saw a bear
feeding a short distance away. Grasping the youngest child by the hand, James
ran back home all the way, a mile and a half, nearly exhausting the smallest of the
group, to tell of the presence of brain. Mr. Moss summoned his colored hands
and they proceeded to the place where the bear was, and killed him. This was
about, or in, the year 175L

5. In 1785, St. John's College was opened. It succeeded to the Library and
property of King William's School, and, like its predecessor, diffused the benefits
of liberal learning throughout the county of Anne Arundel, as well as contribu-
ting to the cause of education in the State and nation. Many of its graduates
have done splendid work in the service of the State, and not a few in that of the
country at large. William Pinkney, the celebrated diplomat, was a student 'at King
William's School, and Reverdy Johnson, statesman and lawyer, and Francis Scott
Key, author of The Star-Spangled Banner, graduated at St. John's.

public schools? (6) Who, though debarred by law, kept a school about six miles from Annapolis?
(c) In what manner did Elston propose to teach on religious questions? (d) What did William
Clayton announce in the Gazette?

Paragraph 4. fa) With what was the acquisition of learning attended in the county? (6)
What incident occurred to the children of Mr. Richard Moss, of North Severn, while on their way to
school? (c) What did Mr. Moss do? (d) What year was this?

Paragraph 5. (a) When was St. John's College opened? (ft) To what did it succeed? (c) Who
was scholar at King William's School and who were at St. John's who acquired great fame?

108 A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

G. After the American Revolution, a legislative act was required as each new
school house was asked by the patrons. The State enlarged, from Session to
Session, the system of appropriating revenues from svjecial sources to sustain the
public schools as had been inaugurated in colonial times. Anne Arundel was one
( >f the first counties to obtain a special Act to enable it to give education to those
children whose parents could not afford them the means of instruction. To this
sj'stem was added that of absolute local district government. Each school district
in a county was given control of its schools, the election of its teachers and trustees,
and the settlement of the rate of school taxes. Only tax-payers could vote at these
meetings. These assemblages became polls where antagonistic factions waged per-
sonal or political warfare for supremacy and for the management of the schools.

7. By the Constitution of 1864, an elaborate system of general public educa-
tion, under one head, was adopted. The present system is a modification of that
one. The whole public instruction of the State is new, with the exception of that
of the City of Baltimore, which has a separate system, under the general manage-
ment of the State Board of Education, with local Boards, called School Commis-
sioners, appointed by the Governor, in the several counties of the State, which have
the direct control of their county schools. The Board of County School Commis-
sioners in Anne Arundel consists of William S. Crisp, Robert Murray, and George
T. Melvin. Henry Randall Wallace is the County School Examiner.

8. The serious difficulty in the present school system of the county is the
large number of colored children for whom Anne Arundel is expected to provide
education. The parents of the children are not, in any degree commensurate with
the expense of the school taxes, tax-payers, so that the burden is thrown upon the
white tax-payers to support both the white and colored schools. The tax-payers
do not feel able to support both classes of schools as the conditions require, and
yet the county cannot afford to let the colored people grow up in ignorance.

Paragraph 6. (a) What was required after the Revolution when patrons needed a new school
house? (6) What did the State enlarge from Session to Session'.' In What county was one of the
first to obtain a special act to give education to children whose parents had not the mean-, to
educate them? (<<) What was added to this system? (e) Who voted to settle the rate of the public
school tax'

Paragraph 7. (a) What was adopted by the Constitution of 18C4? (6) In whose hands now
is the whole public instruction of the State, save in the City of Baltimore? (cj Who compose, at
present, the Board of County School Commissioners in Anne Arundel? (d) What is the serious
difficulty in the present school system in Anne Arundel? (e) What can the county not afford?

THE POSTOFFK'E. ANNAPOLIS.

WOODWARD HALL. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.

A HIST011Y OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 109

CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVENTH.

TOWNS IN ANNE ARUNDEL.

FRIENDSHIP.

1. The village of Friendship, in the Eighth Election District of Anne Arundel
county, was founded by Isaac Simmons, in the year 180-1. It is located one mile
east of a cove called "Chew's Cove," leading into Herring Bay, and thence to the
Chesapeake. It is 22 miles south of Annapolis, in north latitude 38 degrees, and
31 minutes, and west longitude 75 degrees, and 9 minutes, and lies on the post
road from Annapolis to St. Leonard's Town, and a cross road from the Bay to the
Patuxent River. Tradition tells that this place was once a public held in the olden
times, for various kinds of sports. A reputation for the inicpjity of the locality has
been also preserved. About the year 1785, David Weerns, a devout man, procured
subscriptions, and built a house on the site of the place, and this to this day is
called "Weems's Preaching House." In 1801, Isaac Simmons selected Friendship
as his place of abode, bought a piece of ground, built several small cottages, for the
accommodation of mechanics, and suitable shops to work in, and to follow his occu-
pation. Mr. Simmons purchased more ground, both in 1805 and in 1806, each
plot being near the old meeting house. Iu 1806, Samuel Gott built a house and
entered into the mercantile business. The Methodists in 1806, sent two ministers
to the Calvert Circuit, which included Friendship in it. Their names were Eli
Towne and Thomas Curran. After preaching in 1807, Mr. Towne was taken ill,
and received great kindness from the villagers, but refused to leave the place where
he lay — the floor. The next morning he arose much better, and thereupon gave the
name of "Friendship" to the little hamlet. "Gieenhead" was at one time a locaj
name of the place. Mr. Towne was the first minister to spend a night in the village

2. The first United States mail arrived in the hamlet on March 3rd, 1807,
directed to Friendship — Samuel Gott, postmaster. In the year 1825, the Rev. R. S.
D. Jones was made the Methodist minister, and he found added to the original
cottages, dwellings by Samuel Wood, Wm. P. Hardesty, Dr. Benj. Carr and Robert
Griffith, a dwelling and a store-house. There were also other buildings, the names
of whose owners are now lost. Henry Childs also had a store in the place. Rev.
Louis Sutton also had a store. William Urquhart was the Tavern Keeper of the
village, and John S. Ward and Thomas Crane, the shoemakers, and Eli Weedon,
the tailor, John Wise was the blacksmith.

Paragraph 1. (a) Where is the village of Friendship? (6) By whom was it founded? (c) Who
secured funds in 1785 and built a preaching house in the place? (d) Who gave the name of Friend-
ship to the place?

Paragraph 2. (a) When did the first mail arrive in Friendship?

110 A HISTOBY (IF ANNE ARCNDEL COUNTY.

3. Aii Academy was commenced in the village, but it soon closed, and John W.
Wood In mght the house. The Nat Turner insurrection in South Hampton County,
Va., in 1831, caused great excitement in this and other sections, and a military com-
pany was formed at Friendship, with Cephas Simmons, Captain. The Governor
sent the Company a lot of Hint muskets as weapons, and other accoutrements. The
organization was continued for several years. A Temperance Sermon was preached
in the village on Match 4, 1832, by the Rev. Nicholas J. Watkins, and a Temper-
ance society organized. The old frame church was sold, in 1833, and a new brick
one built. During the first week after its dedication, on Wednesday evening, when
the Rev. Zackariah Jordan was preaching, and the church was well-lighted by the
lamps in the gallery and pulpit, they were suddenly dimmed and the Church was
rilled with a reddish haze, similar to that sometimes seen about the moon. The
preacher in the pulpit appeared as if surrounded by a blaze of fire. The scene was
most wonderful. Men, not given to demonstrations, fell off their seats and others
shunted aloud. It made a powerful impression upon those who witnessed this
remarkable spectacle.

1. In 1813, a number of citizens organized a lyceum and debating society, and
mi July 4, 1811, a joint celebration of the debating and temperance societies was
held, and it was an occasion of much patriotic demonstration. The village of Friend-
ship now numbers about 200 inhabitants. Friendship is beautifully located in a
picturesque country, in the centre of a busy people, and still deserves its cognomen
by the genuine hospitality and courtesy of its inhabitants.

JAMESTOWN.

5. Jamestown, formerly known as Scrabbletown, is located on the broad and
beautiful Road River. The first house was built in it by Captain Daniel Ball,
about the year 1840. The town received its original name from this incident : —
William McCarter came to pay a visit to his friend Ball. The place was then such
a wilderness that McCarter was many hours wandering about the locality trying to
find his friend's house. When, towards evening, he did locate the house, he
announced that " I've been scrabbling about here all day trying to find you." The
name of the village was changed about five years since to Jamestown. There is no
historic or local significance in the name. There are about a hundred inhabitants
in the village.

LONDOXTOWX.

6. One of the most ambitious, abortive efforts of the early settlers of Anne
Arundel to establish a, town was on the south bank of South River, about four
miles from its mouth. This section was settled in 1650, Richard Beard receiving

Paragraph 3. (o) What caused great excitement in Friendship? (6) What was then formed
in the village? ic) What phenomenon occurred at the dedication of the new brick church in Friend-
ship in 1833?

Paragraph i. («1 How many inhabitants has Friendship? (6) How is tin- village situated?

Paragraph 5. no When, where, ami how was Jamestown settled?

Paragraph 6. km When was Londontown settled? Can you name some of its early settlers?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. Ill

the first grant of land. He had a lot of ground surveyed .for him called Poplar
Neck, January 6, 1650, on the south side of South River. On the same clay, George
Puddiugton had "Puddington " on the same side of South River surveyed for him.
January 21, 1651, William Burgess had "Burgess" surveyed, and October 21, 1652,
Elin Brown had a track surveyed that he afterward assigned to John Brewer. The
name of Loudontown was not known until 1681, when Thomas Linthicum asked for
a certificate for lot 33 in Londontown. The year before, 1683, under Act of
Assembly, vessels were allowed to load and unload on Colonel Burgess's land on
South River. This was Londontown. In 1703, Col. Henry Ridgely had a lot in
Londontown, which he sold to David Macklefresh, and Richard Welsh owned one in
Londontown about the same time. From that period to 1740, amongst the owners
of lots in Londontown, were William Mackubin, Elinore Rumney, Richard
Snowden, Elizabeth Carpenter, Thomas Dunep, Patrick Syinpson, Elizabeth Mitchell,
Samuel Peale, Anthony Bale, Thomas Gassaway, John Duvall, John Baldwin,
William Chapman, Benjamin Freeman, Richard Moore, Richard Hill, Ellis Davis,
John Burgess, Janies Carroll, William Clarlin, John Lewis, William Wootten,
James Mount, May Moore, Samuel Moole, William Peale, John Gassaway, Josiah
Lowgood, Richard Jones, Jr., James Dick, Elizabeth Peale and Elizabeth Merrick.
They represented an excellent class of citizens. Col. William Burgess was a
great man in this community. He was its leader, and while the town did not have
the standing of Annapolis, yet it had sufficient means to warrant, when it was
first proposed for the King to quarter troops on this Province, because the Lower
House would not vote war supplies for the French and Indian War to please His
Majest}', that Londontown was to have one, while Annapolis was to have four com-
panies. In the end Annapolis had five companies quartered upon its citizens,
and New London, or Londontown, did not have any sent to it.

BEOOKLYN.

7. Brooklyn is situated in the Fifth Election District of Anne Arundel County,
and lies on the southwest bank of Patapsco River. This town owes its origin to
the Patapsco Company that was incorporated by the Maryland Legislature in 1853.
The company was authorized to buy and sell land in Anne Arundel County. A
prospective town was laid out in lots and a plat of it made with streets, avenues and
a public square. When Mr. R. W. Templeman came into the employ of the
Patapsco Company in 1857, he found a small map of the place in the office of the
company, from which a larger jtlafc was made, and the coming city was named either
by him, he states, or some one else — "Brooklyn." This title was, undoubtedly,
given the new town on account of its proximity to Baltimore, with a river separating
it, as was situated the greater Brooklyn to the city of New York. In a few years
the South Baltimore Harbor and Improvement Company bought out the rights of
the Patapsco Company, and proceeded to develop Brooklyn. Amongst the earliest
purchasers of lots in Brooklyn, were Conrad Stoll, in 1856 ; Adam Gischel, in 1857 ;

Pabagraph 7. (a) Where is Brooklyn situated? (b) How was it settled, and by whom?

11 '2 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

Samuel G. Acton, in 1S57 ; A. Grothy, in 1858; Jacob F. Hooter, in 18(50 ; John
T. McPherson, in 1862. Curtis Bar is a development on the south of Brooklyn
about two miles. Many manufacturing establishments are located there. Mason-
ville is a small village lying between Curtis Bay and Brooklyn. Curtis Bay is
located at the mouth of Curtis Creek. This locality is also known as South Balti-
more. The section, comprised in the territory from Brooklyn to Curtis Bay, is a
growing and enterprising one, and now numbers four or rive thousand inhabitants.
None of these towns are incorporated.

ODENTON.

S. Odenton is a village of two hundred inhabitants lying in the Fourth Election
District of Anne Arundel, fourteen miles northwest of Annapolis, at the intersec-
tion of the Baltimore and Potomac and the Annapolis, Washington and Baltimore
Railroads. Its origin was due to the building of the Baltimore and Potomac Bail-
road and its intersection with the Annapolis, Washington and Baltimore Koad. The
new station on the Potomac Road was named Odenton after Governor Oden Bowie,
then the president of the Potomac Railroad. Mr. Peter Watts who owned the land
through which the railroad passed, built the first house in the new town, and opened
a general merchandise store. The railroad was built in 1867, and the town began
immediately to develop.

EASTPORT.

9. This town contains about one thousand inhabitants. The first dwelling-house
built on it was erected in 1857 by Henry Medford, and still stands near the Marine
Railway. The Mutual Building Association, of Annapolis, James Revell, President,
about 1867, purchased the larger part of the tract of land, now occupied by the
town, made a plat of the place, and built a bridge from Annapolis to Horn Point,
as it was then called. This company developed the town, though its growth was.
at first, slow. Since the large additions to the Naval Academy, the sale of lots and
the building of houses has greatly increased in Eastport. About the year 1888, a
petition was signed by a number of the oldest inhabitants asking that a postoffice
be established at the village under the name of Eastport. This name was suggested
by Mr. Charles J. Murphy who was interested in developing the town, and was so
chosen because Eastport was the name of his native city in Maine. The town of
Eastport stands upon historic ground. Here in 1655-6, for the first time in America,
Englishmen met Englishmen in deadly array. Here were Revolutionary Fortifica-
tions, and here stood Fort Horn in the war of 1812. This was named after Con-
gressman Van Horn, an ardent friend of Annapolis. The real historic name of
the village, as tested by the rule usually observed in Maryland, should be Van Horn
City.

Paragraph 8. (o) Where is Odenton located'.' (6) Can you give a history of the village?
Paragraph 9. (a) Where is Eastport Located? (6) Give a history ot thi- town.

THE CARROLL MANSION.

Now owned by the Order of Redemptorists. This was the residence of Charles

Carroll, of Carrollton. It is a very ancient building, some portion of it has

been located to have been built somewhere about the year 17:)'2.

THE PACA DWELLING.

Erected about the year 1770 by Gov. William Paea, signer of the

Declaration of Independence and Governor of Maryland.

Now occupied in part as the Carvel House.

NEW YORK

ART

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 113

GALLOWAYS.

10. Galloways, a town of three hundred and fifty inhabitants, is situated on
West River, in the First Election District of Anne Arundel County. It was settled
about 18-45, and was named after John Galloway, who had a large tract of land in
this neighborhood under a grant from Lord Baltimore. The owner of this tract
was the first person to import clover and timothy to this country. One Mr. Crouch
was the first person to build a house in Galloways. The earliest settlers, beside
the pioneer builder, were A. C. Gibbs, Wm. F. Hause, Captain Tucker, Stephen Lee
Linthicum, Augustus Lerch, Emile E. Lerch. George Gale, once the owner of the
land on which Galloways stands, did much toward inducing and assisting people to
settle here, and, for a long time, and even at the present time, the place is known as,
and called, " Galesville." In July, 1879, through the recommendation and influence
of Hon. Alexander B. Hagner, a postoffice was established at Galloways. The
name was suggested by Judge Hagner. Emile E. Lerch was appointed the first
postmaster of the town.

ST. MARGARETS.

11. The village of St. Margarets takes its name fiom St. Margareas Parish,
whose church is in the village. The Parish is supposed to have taken its name
from St. Margarets Chapel, Westminster, England. The first church of this parish
of which there is anything known, stood on the north side of Severn, near the
northern terminus of the Short Line Railroad Bridge. This church was burned
down some time in the first half of the 19th century. The present is the third
church on the same site in St. Margarets. The second one, a wooden one, was
burned down. Mr. John Ridout sent his workmen to repair the church, and they,
accidentally, set fire to it. A small brick church was thereupon erected, and on the
question of building a new one a mighty dissension occurred in the parish that went
to the courts for settlement. The outcome of the contention was the building of
the present church. St. Margarets, though venerable in name, is an origin of the
present century, probably three-quarters of a century old. The settlers who made
the village, built in the annexed order of time : James T. Tate, G. Duvall, Levi
Burke, Zachariah Duval], the Vestry of the Parish in building the rectory, Zacha-
riah T. Ridout and Frank Duvall.

GLEN BURNIE.

12. This village owes its origin to the joint efforts of Henry S. Mancha, of
Caroline County, and George T. Melvin, of Annapolis. They entered into a con-
tract with John Glenn, who controlled a tract of land of 3,000 acres, part of which
is now the site of Glen Burnie, to develop this section. The land lay on the Short
Line Railroad and south of Brooklyn, five miles. The place was known as Tracey's

Paragraph 10. (a) Where is Galloways located? (b) Give a history of the town.

Paragraph 11. (a) Where is the village of St. Margarets located? lb) Give a history of the
village.

Paragraph 12. (a) Where is Glen Burnie located? (6) Give a history of the village?

114 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

Station and Myrtle Postoffice. The tract bordered on a stream, with excellent water
power. In selecting a title of a River in Scotland, for the new town, it carried with
it, as appropriate, the name of Glenn. The promoters of the town widened the
main street and opened an eighty-foot avenue, advertised and made sales of many
lots ; induced a number of familes to settle; established a few industries. A Prot-
estant Episcopal Chapel, Town Hall, tsvo stores, Smith and Wheelwright shops,
Tile and Terra Cotta Factory, were built in the first two years. The County lias built
a fine brick School House, and through the enterprise of Dr. T. H. Brayshaw, one of
the first settlers, a new Protestant Episcopal Church was erected in 1904 out of the
material of old Marley Chapel, which was originally built in 1730, with brick that
came from England. Some of the first settlers who are still residents : Dr. T. H.
Brayshaw, Edward and Thomas Woodfall and family, florist and contractor, Ghistav
Adolph Lots, florist, Frank Mewshaw, the merchant, W. F. Kuethe, John H. Tilling,
the Master Smith and Wheelwright. Amongst the other industries are A. C. P.
Gassinger's turning factory, Wagner's barrel factory. It is the home of Rufus D.
Phelps, the County Commissioner from 1903 to 1905. He built a fine residence
here in 1904. The Methodist Protestant Chapel and the Maryland Rifie Range
are in the suburbs of Glen Burnie.

CAMP PAROLE.

13. Camp Parole was the outgrowth of a camp for paroled Federal Prisoners.
Thirty thousand, captured by the Confederates, have been camped there at one time.
This camp was established about the year 1862, and the village grew from this
military establishment. The land was the property of the Welch family.

JIILLEBSYILLE.

14. This village was named after George Miller, who built a store aud resi-
dence there shortly after the railroad was established. The land belonged formerly
to John Miller, father of George. The origin of the village was early in the forties.

CENTEALIA.

15. This town, located at the Annapolis Junction, was started as Centralia in
the year 18(14, by a promoter named Hull. The title of the village came from its
being in a central situation from Washington and Baltimore.

DAVIDSONVILLE.

16. This village that lies in the first district was settled about 1835. Thomas
Davidson, son of James Davidson, building the first house there on land that he
owned. It has two churches, a Methodist aud a Protestant Episcopal, and a

Paragraph 13. (a) Give a history of Camp Parole.

PABAGBAPH 14. (a) Give a history of Millersville.

Paragraph 15. (a) Give a history of Centralia.

Paragraph 16. (a) Give a history of Davidsonville.

A HISTORY OP ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

Catholic Church is in the vicinity. A public school is located here, postoffice, and
it has telephone facilities. The village's nearest railroad station is Camp Parole,
seven miles distant, and it is four miles from navigable water, Taylorsville being its

closest landing, on South River.

CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHTH.

ANNAPOLIS AND ANNE ARUNDEL THE RESORT OF EXCURSIONISTS.

1. Annapolis and Anne Arundel, at large, have been, for many years, the resort of
excursionists, the broad rivers of the county and the majestic Chesapeake giving
ready access to their beautiful groves and historic sites at make city and county
inviting and interesting. Fifty years ago, and even in ' times, while the larger
number of visitors conducted themselves with decor; ccasionally there were

those who behaved with disregard of the rights of hosts. One notable

occasion of this character was the visit of the Jewess ly 5, 1847, having on

board the Eagle Artillerists, Col. Geo. P. Kane, and tfe ibian Riflemen, Capt.

Robert McAllister, and about seven hundred other pa . The excursionists

had been disappointed in not reaching St. Michaels, oi nt of the heavy load

and the disabled condition of the steamer. While nib the passengers con-

ducted themselves with propriety, others acted in a diso. Ay manner in the city.

2. In this spirit some of the excursionists returned to the boat and a body of
citizens gathered at the wharf to see the steamer depart. From the deck some one
threw into the crowd of citizens on the wharf two halves of a lemon. This was all
that was needed to give vent to the bad feelings that had been engendered on both
sides. A violent encounter then occurred between the citizens and the excursion-
ists, in which bricks and firearms were used, the soldiers on the Jewess using their
guns upon the citizens. Mr. Daniel T. Hyde, of Annapolis, used his best endeavors
to prevent bloodshed, and acted in a most heroic manner, in the end going to the
wharf and casting lose the steamer's hawser, in order that she might leave and
thus stop the conflict.

Paragraph 1. (a) Of whom is Annapolis and Anne Arundel the resort? (b) What gives access
to their beautiful groves and historic sites? (c) How did these excursionists conduct themselves
fifty years ago? (d) When did a notable riot occur between citizens of Annapolis and excursionists?
(e) Who were the excursionists?

Paragraph 2. (a) What started the riot? (&) Who used his best endeavors to prevent blood-
shed? (c) How did he act?

116 A HISTORY OF ANXi: ABUHDEL COUNTY.

3. Col. Kane was at dinner in Annapolis, when be heard the report of fire-
arms. He started immediately for the Jewess. Before he reached the steamer,
Judge Nicholas Brewer had arrived at the wharf. Judge Brewer began, on his
arrival, immediately an effort to restore peace, while the disorderly on the beat
hurled at him offensive epithets. The women on the boat were thrown into a
great state of alarm, some, in their freight, attempting to throw themselves over-
board, as the work of getting them below proceeded with a haste born of the
exigency of the situation. Mr. Hyde endeavored to aid the departure of the boat
by calling upon Captain McAllister to assist him. The reply the peacemaker
received was: "He was responsible for all he said and did," as the captain gave
significance to his words by waving his sword valiantly around his head.

■4. Judge Brewer was the particular target of the maddened excursionists on
the boat, and, while assisted by Officer John Lamb, the cry on the boat went up
" Shoot that officer, I mistrust him." Three rifles were leveled upon the Judge.
A friendly hand knocked two of the rifles out of aim, but the third was discharged,
though without effect. Meanwhile; as bricks, ballets and other missels were flying
between the opposing forces, some citizens of Annapolis secured a cannon, and
placing it in position, trained it on the steamer to shoot at it as it passed within
range in going out. J IU 1&« Brewer put his toothpick in the touch-hole, and stepping
before the muzzle of the l if t m, declared that the cannon could only be fired by its
load going through hisPbedfy. In this effort of peace he was assisted by Colonel
Kane who, finding his ''appeals not to discharge the gun of no avail, threw himself
over the breech, and iffPfrcieshaud over the muzzle of the gun, announced that the
gun could only be discharged by blowing him to pieces. These brave, joint efforts
finally quelled the purposes of the mob. Mr. Hyde, in his testimony, at the subse r
tjuent legal inquiry, declared the loading of the cannon a farce, some wanted to do
one thing and some another, meanwhile the steamer was getting out of reach all the
time.

•5. Mr. John W. Brady, whilst assisting in quelling the riot was shot in both
legs and seriously hurt. T. C. Loockerman received a slight wound in the leg ;
Basil McNew was badly wounded in the side ; Watkins Hall had two toes shot
oft'; Edward Barroll was very dangerously wounded in the thigh. When Hall and
Loockerman, who were actively engaged in throwing stones fell, Mr. Hyde testified
that "the people on board the boat hurrahed enough for an election day.'' All the
wounded were Annapolitnns. None died from the effects of their wounds. No
Baltimoreans appear to have been injured. The judicial investigation fastened
guilt upon no one, and no punishment was meeted out to the rioters.

Paragraph 3. (a) Who attempted to restore peace? (6) What effect had it upon the pas-
sengers? hi Upon whom did Mr. Hyde call for assistance to aid the departure of the boat? (d)
What reply did Captain McAllister make?

Pabagbaph 4. (a) Who was the particular target of the maddened excursionists? (6) How
many rifles were levelled at once upon the Judge? (c) What prevented him from being shot? (d)
In the meanwhile what weapons were being used by the opposing forces? [e) What was then
brought to the wharf by the citizens of Annapolis? i/i Who prevented the cannon's discharge into
the excursionists?

Paragraphs, (a) Who were injured in the encounter? (ft) Upon whom did the judicial
inquiry fasten the guilt?

THE ALMSHOUSE OF ANNE ARUNDEL.
A Colonial Building at Londontown, South River.

THE COURT HOUSE, AT ANNAPOLIS.

THE N'tWYOKK

PUBLIC LIBRARY

1 ;LDfeN rOv-K'*' ,cf< *

\ HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 117

6. Emuetes in those days were most frequent between visitors and citizens, but
a better spirit prevails in these times, and seldom is the peace broken when excur-
sionists now visit the city or country. The colored people in the city and country,
however, have developed this spirit largely amongst themselves when bent on
enjoying a day on the water.

CHAPTER THIRTY=NINTH.

THE AREA AND POPULATION OF ANNE ARUNDEL.

1. Anne Arundel County has an area of 425 square miles.

2. The population of Anne Arundel County, in the first stages of its settlement
and development, can only be estimated. In 1653, the petitions sent by the Puri-
tans to Bennett and Claiborne, the Commissioners of Parliament, show that there
were seventy-seven men on the Severn. That would reasonably give a population
of nearly four hundred people. In 1667, the quota of Anne Arundel for the expedi-
tion about to set out against the Indians, was placed at sixty-two men, being one
for every tenth person. The enumeration of six hundred and twenty persons in
Anne Arundel is sustained by the fact that, by the year 1663, four years earlier,
there had been grants of land in Anne Arundel County to a hundred men and over.
By the year 1694, nearly two thousand grants of land had been made in Anne
Arundel. This would warrant the conclusion that there were at least six thousand
or more, of inhabitants, at that date, in the county. After the United States took a
census of the people of the Union, figures become reliable. In 1791, the popula-
tion was 22,598; in 1801, 22,623; in 1811, 26,668; in 1821, 27,165; in 1830,
28,295 ; in 1840, 29,532 ; in 1850, 32,393 ; in 1860, 23,900 ; in 1870, 24,457 ; in
1880, 28,526 ; in 1890, 34,094 ; in 1900, 40,018.* The great decrease, between
1850 and 1860, in population, is due to Howard district of the county being made
a county of itself.

Paragraph 6. (a) What prevails in these times between visitors and citizens?

Paragraph 1. (a) What is the area of Anne Arundel County?

Paragraph 2. (a) In what way only can the first stages of population of Anne Arundel County
In' ascertained? \b) What estimate' may he made of its population in 1653? (c) By what means is
this estimate male? (tl) What estimate may be made in 1667? (e) By what means is that estimate
made? (/) What was the population of Anne Arundel in 1791 by the first United States Census?
(</) What is its population now by the Federal census? (ft) What accounts for the decrease of
population in Anne Arundel between the years 1850 and 1860?

♦ Federal census. The State census makes a less number.

118 A HISTOKY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY.

CHAPTER FORTIETH.

OLD FASHIONS DISAPPEAR IN ANNE ARUNDEL.

1. In the "Forties," — the decade between 1840 and 1850 — Anne Arundel
County was flooded with individual money more particularly known as "shin-plas-
ters." The currency laws of the State and Nation were most liberal, anil not a few
took advantage of this to issue this class of currency, which circulated on the faith of
the receivers, but who sometimes failed to have the gratification of the redemption
of these promises to pay.

2. One feature of the issue redounded greatly to the benefit of the maker of
the currency. There was a stipulation upon each note that the money would be
redeemed when presented to the maker in a certain specified amount. This sum was
so great that few, if any, were able to obtain the amount required to secure a
redemption. These notes were of the denomination of six and a-quarter cents,
twelve and a-half and twenty-five. The two first sums were known in common
language, respectively, as "tips" and "levies."

3. The issue of this currency was confined to traders, merchants and men in
business. The reason for the issue was the scarcity of small currency. At that
time there was very little small government money in circulation. Dimes were
nearly as scarce as dollars, and cents were of the old-fashioned copper type — an
inch in diameter, thick and heavy, and very unwieldly for change.

4. Amongst the firms, latest in Annapolis, to issue this individual currency,
was that of Hall Bros., John and Ephraim, who kept a store on West street. These
notes, as a class, were beautifully engraved. Much of this currency was lost in the
course of trade, and this became another source of profit to its makers. Stringent
laws of State and Nation, passed in the last sixty years, have abolished the system.

5. Concurrent with the disappearance of individual paper money, another
fashion of the day began to abate — the queue and colonial dress of the men. The
queue was a mark of social standing. Few only were those of inferior station who
had the temerity to assume the queue. This adornment was a plait of the hair,

Paragraph 1. (a) With what kind of money was Anne Arundel flooded in the decade between
1840 and 1850? (6} What was most liberal iu those days?

Paragraph 2. (a) To whose benefit did the issue redound? (6) What provision In the issue
caused this benefit '

Paragraph 3. («) To what classes was this issue confined? (b) What was very scarce in those
times?

Paragraph 4. (hi What Arm was one of the latest in Annapolis to issue this currency? (&)
How were these notes engraved? (c) What abolished this system of individual money.'

PARAGRAPH 5. (a) What fashion began to abate concurrent with thai of individual paper
money? [In Of what was the queue a mark? (c) What was this adornment? (d) What was the

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 119

three or four inches in length at the back of the head, tied up in ribbon. The
dignified gentlemen of the day, with their long black or blue Washington coats, and
the brass buttons, long buff vests, knee breeches, silk stockings, pumps with their
silver buckles, and queues, driving up from their country seats in Anne Arundel,
were yet three score years ago, not infrequently to be seen on the streets of
Annapolis. The dress gave emphasis to the dignity of bearing of these gentlemen
of the old Maryland school. Amongst the latest of those who retained the hand-
some colonial dress and wore the queue were the Hugheses, McCeneys and Mercers
of the county. In the city of Annapolis, the last person to wear the queue was
Mr. Henry Holland. His grace and dignity as he walked, on Sunday mornings,
prayer-book in hand, to the services at St. Ann's, are still in the memory of some
yet living.

CHAPTER FORTY-FIRST.

CONDITIONS IN ANNE ARUNDEL.

1. The county of Anne Arundel has a fertile and kindly soil adapted to the
growth of fruits, berries, vegetables in some portions of it, and, in others, to the
production of wheat, corn, oats and kindred cereals. Tobacco is a staple, and is of
excellent quality. The people of Anne Arundel, in general, are law-abiding and
industrious — few native whites come before the courts charged with serious criminal
offences.

2. Education is generally diffused throughout the county. In 1900, there were
11,147 males in Anne Arundel over the age of 21 years. Of these there were 5,030
native whites, who were reckoned under the United States Census as literates, with
375 native white illiterates.* There were, in the same class, 2,058 colored literates
and 1,945 illiterates ; and of naturalized literates, 588 ; illiterates, 118 ; first paper
citizens, literate, 94 ; illiterate, 33 ; aliens, 348 literates, 177 illiterates ; of unknown
origin, 275 literates and 10G illiterates. It will thus be observed that the great

dress of a gentleman of the clay? (e) Who were some of the county gentry who retained to the
latest the. queue? (/) Who was the last person in Annapolis to wear the queue?

Pabagbaph 1. (to What kind of soil has Anne Arundel? (6) To the growth of what is it
adapted? (c) What is the general character of the people of Anne Arundel?

Paragraph 2. ui) What in general diffused throughout the county? (6) How many males over
twenty-one were in Anne Arundel in 1900? (e) Of these how many were native white literates as
reckoned by the United States Census? (d) Of the 11,147 male literates over twenty-one how many
were colored? (e) By these figures what is observed?

*Those who cannot write.

120 A HIsTOIiY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTS.

proportion of whites and a majority of the colored voters in Anne Arundel count v
are able to write.

3. The increase of whites over the colored people in Anne Arundel is marked.
This is due, in part, to white emigration to the county. In 1880, the two races
were nearly equal in numbers in Anne Arundel, the whites numbering 14,649 and the
colored people 13,877. In 1890, the white population was 19,580, and the colored
14,509. In 1900, the whites numbered '24,234, and the colored people 15,367— a
difference of 8,869 between the two races, that twenty years ago was only 772.

4. Anne Arundel has steadily increased in population, excepting in the decade
between 1850 and 1860, the county losing in that period from the same cause by
which it decreased in population, a large part of its area. The Constitution of 1851
created Howard, out of Anne Arundel. This section was a most prosperous part
of Anne Arundel and was populated by an intelligent, prosperous and superior class
of citizens. Since it became a county, Howard has taken a leading part in the
politics of the State. It has furnished three Governors to the State, Thomas W.
Ligon, John Lee Carroll and Edwin Wartield, and the present senior Senator in the
United States Senate, from Maryland, Arthur P. Gorman, is a citizen of Howard.
Anne Arundel, itself, also gave the State three Executives — Thomas Johnson,
William Paca, and Benjamin Ogle.

5. Anne Arundel is a military centre — Annapolis having four military organi-
zations in its midst- the Naval Academy, The School of Application for the educa-
tion of Marine Officers, St. John's College, and two companies of the Maryland
National Guard, with large bodies of sailors and marines, at the Naval Academy.
St. John's ranks especially high as a military institution, making of its students
entering after graduation the Naval Academy and West Point. The college is one
of the six military colleges in the United States which are allowed to ajjpoint an
officer in the Regular Army. One of the latest government military inspectors, in
his official report, stated that the graduates of St. John's were capable of com-
manding men in the Regular Army.

6. The county of Anne Arundel fronts eastward on the Chesapeake Bay, and,
within its territory are five rivers, amongst them, the Severn, one of the most
beautiful sheets of water of its size in the country ; the others are the Magothy,
South, Road and West rivers. On the north and northeast is the Patapsco, and
Howard County lies on the northwest ; the Patuxent river separates the county from

Paragraph 3. (a) What increase is marked in Anne Arundel? (b) To what is this due in part?
in What was the number of whites in Anne Arundel in 1880? (d) What was the number of colored
people in Anne Arundel in 1890? in Give the population of the two races in the county in 1900?

Paragraph 4. (a) What decreased tin- ana of Anne Arundel in 1851 as well as its population?
(6) How many Governors of the State have come from Howard county since 1851? (c) How man;
executives has Anne Arundel given the State'

Paragraph 5. (a) Of what centre is Anne Arundel? (b) What four- military organizations
exist in Annapolis'.'

Paragraph 6. (a) On what does Anne Arundel front on the eastward? [b\ How many rivers
are in the county? (c) What are their names?

The birthplace of Reverdy Johnson — now the home of Hon. John Wirt Randall.

Caton's Barber Shop, where Caton shaved Gen. Washington when he was in

Annapolis in 1783 to resign his military commission.

The shop has now a shed attached to it.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 121

Prince George's on the west, and Calvert County lies on the south. Anne Arundel
is chiefly a level county, with a few tall and commauding elevations. Its views
give most beautiful prospects.

7. The tax-rate for 1905 in Anne Arundel was : County Tax, 73 cents on the
$100 ; School Tax, 25 cents on the $100 ; State Tax, 23J cents on the $100.
The road tax, in addition, in the several districts in the county, was : First District,
30 cents on the $100 ; Second District, 26 cents on the $100 ; Third District, 90
cents on the $100 ; Fourth District, 60 cents on the $100 ; Fifth District, 60 cents
on the $100 ; Eighth District, 18 cents on the $100. There is no seventh district
in Anne Arundel, and the sixth is Annapolis, which pays municipal taxes instead of
road taxes.

8. Annapolis, the State Capital, is the only incorporated town in the county,
but there are others growing in size and importance, such as Brooklyn, South Balti-
more, Galloways, Friendship, Eastport, Germantown and Camp Parole. The popu-
lation of Annapolis is 8,525. In 1890 its population was 7,604. It was named after
Queen Anne.

9. It is estimated that there are 4,500 farms in Anne Arnndel Count}*. Some
of the earliest and finest berries and fruits find their way to the markets from these
farms. The canning and packing of vegetables, in connection with this industry, is
large and growing.

10. Considerable numbers of oysters and fish are taken from the waters of
Anne Arundel, and for the year ending May, 1905, it is reported that 43,800 bushels
of oysters were packed or shipped. It is estimated 150,000 bushels were caught
in Anne Arundel waters. About 2,000 persons are employed in the taking and
canning or packing of oysters and fish, and find a good living in this industry.
Among tlie leading firms may be mentioned : C. W. Martin & Co., Charles H.
Russell, Charles A. DuBois, James Johnson, Walter Clark, Martin Wagner & Co.,
and a number of others, mostly located at Annapolis.

11. In addition to the Tolchester Steamboat Company's route, the Annapolis,
West and South Piiver line of boats, the county is reached by the Annapolis, Wash-
ington and Baltimore Railroad, the Baltimore and Potomac and the Annapolis and
Baltimore Short Line, thus offering ample facilities for reaching the market with
the products and manufactures of the county.

Paragraph 7. (a) Give the tax rate of Anne Arundel for 1905?

Paragraph 8. fa) What is the only incorporated town in Anne Arundel? (6) What other
places are growing in importance? (<•) What is the population of. Annapolis?

Paragraph 9. (o) How many farms are there in Anne Arundel? (b) From these farms what
are sent to market? (c) What is growing in connection with the raising of fruits and berries? '

Paragraph 10. (a) What are taken from the waters of Anne Arundel? (b) How many bushels
of oysters were packed or shipped in Anne Arundel in 1905? (c) What is the estimated catch in
Anne Arnndel beside these shipments? (d) How many persons are employed in the county in taking
and packing oysters?

Paragraph 11. (a) What are the means of transportation in the county?

122 A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY.

12. While the manufactures <>f Anne Arundel are not numerous, vet some of
the largest manufacturing houses of the State are located in South Baltimore, Anne
Arundel County, which is a manufacturing centre. Among the largest industries
in Anne Arundel are the Martin Wagner Packing Company, packers and canners of
all kinds of fruits, vegetables and oysters ; the East Brooklyn Box Factory, the
Monumental Chemical Works, the Chemical Chrome Works, the Maryland Car
Wheel Works, the National Supply Company, the South Baltimore Steel Car
Foundry, which together represents a capital of over $3,500,000, and the output
annually, when all are at work, is upwards of $7,000,000. They employ nearly 2,000
hands. Other' large packers and manufacturers in Anne Arundel are : Noah H.
Green, fruit packer, Benfield ; David Wigley, canning factory, Gambrill's Packing
Company, Gambrill ; W. L. Gardner & Sons, canning factory, C. G. Summers, fruit
packers, George M." Murray, canning factory, Odenton ; Diamond Dust Soap Powder
Company, Maryland Bolt and Nut Works, Ryan & McDonald Mfg. Company, man-
ufacturers of contractors' supplies, South Baltimore Foundry, iron founders ; South
Baltimore Harbor A Improvement Company, South Baltimore; K. Boswell, canning
factory, Waterbury ; C. Nocklitz, canning factory, St. Margaret's ; Richard H.
Maynard, canning factory, Woodwardsville ; Carson Bros. Asbestos Pipe Cover-
ing Factory, Revell's Station ; O. P. Roberts' Canning Factories at Chalk Point
and Galesville ; Charles S. Tate, canning factory at Arnold's ; Brown Bros, crab
meat industry at Annapolis. The Sewell chemical factory is now being erected in
the third district of the county, directly opposite the Naval Academy.

CHAPTER FORTY=SECOND.

LEGISLATIVE SCENES IN ANNAPOLIS.

1. The county of Anne Arundel is in closer touch with the General Assembly
than any other political division of the State, since the capital is located in its chief
city. No little part of the public life of the county has been accentuated by this
proximity of the legislative body to the people of the county. The many highly
dramatic and politically potential scenes, enacted in their midst, have not failed to
give the people a keen zest for public affairs and have enabled them to view the
motives of legislators with a more discerning vision than those of the public farther
removed from the arena of events. While many of the great scenes of legislative

Paragraph 12. (a) Where are .some of the largest packing houses in the State located? (b)

Can you nam.' scune of them?

Parage aph 1. (a) Why is Anne Arundel in close touch with the General Assembly?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 123

history have been lost to posterity, some have been preserved, and so the color they
give to the legislative acts, from age to age, lend additional interest to the political
annals of the State.

2. The Legislature met in Anne Arundel County for the first time on October
2, 1683. This was at the Ridge, near Herring Bay. At this session the Lower
House pursued the subject of the Bill for the Elections of Burgesses to such a degree
that, on October 29th, his Lordship called the Speaker and Lower House before
him and addressed them reminding the members that a whole month had passed
since the Assembly had met, and for three weeks they had debated the bill for the
Advancement of Trade, and said : " ' Tis strange that a Bill that has cost so much
time and the Province so much Tobacco, and which in itself, Contains the greatest
Good to this Province that, as yet, We can think of, should, at last thus stick. You
will all of you take it unkindly at my hands should I question whether you come
here for the public Good, and yet, it plainly appears by the Proceedings of the
Lower House, That, without I purchase a General Good for the Inhabitants of My
Province, I must not expect it from Mr. Speaker and the Lower House ; Had I, at
the first Meeting of this Assembly, proposed to you any Particular Advantage to
my Self, you then might have had some pretence for the making a Bargain for the
People ; But Since Nothing of that Nature was Moved to You, why must a General
Good be had at so Dear a Bate you would Impose upon me ? I Confess the Seeing
that Message with the Bill for Towns was the Occasion of my telling Gentlemen of
the Upper House that I would Conclude the Session — this Day, of which I ordered
the Lower house should immediately have Notice, But, having Since Considered with
how ill a face the Proceedings of this Assembly would look should the Bill for
Towns at last be Rejected, and, after all endeavors for so great a Good, this present
Meeting should be now rendered thereby fruitless, especially after so great Expence
made both at this and the former Assembly upon this Matter, I was resolved to
Meet you once more before I concluded this Sessions ; And nrv Business now is to
Desire that every person hear will bear an Open forehead, and if this Bill for Towns
be not that Good I Esteem it to be, That you, Mr. Speaker and the Gentlemen here
with you, will go to your house and accordingly Vote it so, That so it may be known
where and at whose Doores it Lyeth. ' Tis not fitt, nor reasonable, that I should
be thus Imposed on when I only Seek the generall, not my private, Advantage.
When you catch me at the Latter, Gentlemen, I will give you leave to make Bar-
gains, and then to use me as you have lately. Pray, Mr. Speaker, you and the
Gentlemen of the Lower House, go and immediately put wdiat I have now directed
to the Vote upon these Terms, and no other I am willing to put off the Day of
Sessions."

3. The Lower House made reply that they were heartily sorry that any expres-
sion of their messengers should give his Lordship any distate for their House ; they

Paragraph 2. (a) When did the Legislature first meet in Anne Arundel and where? (6) What
caused the Lord Baltimore to call the members of the Lower House before Him?
Paragraph 3. (a) What reply did the Lower House make to Lord Baltimore?

124 A HISTOKT OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY.

had only wanted, some expression from the Upper House, which was near his
Lordship, that his Lordship would give his assent to the bills "that the said three
bills might be presented to your Lordship together." "This house," they added,
"could not in the least Imagine your Lordship would deny your Lower House of
Assembly so reasonable a request for the Settlement of the certainty in Electing of
Delegate, &c."

4. The Lower House then voted his Lordship a gratuity of 100,000 lbs. of
tobacco, and desired him to signify where he intended to call future Assemblies,
Provincial Courts and Offices in order that a Committee of both houses might
"forthwith go out to consult the readiest and best way of making Provision of Build-
ings fitt for the Reception and Accommodation thereof." There was at this time a
sentiment existing for changing the capital. The efforts of the Lower House were
unavailing to secure a settled mode of electing delegates, the Proprietary, evidently,
being adverse to fresh burgesses from the people, and to more of them than he
could not possibly prevent.

5. At this session, in reply to a proposition to erect public buildings. Lord
Baltimore declared that when a " Conveniency shall be provided in South River in
Anne Arundell County, Sufficient for Reception of his Lordship and Council, and
for holding of Assemblies and Provincial! Courts, and the severall and respective
Offices thereon Depending, his Lordship will make Use thereof for such Ends, so
long as he shall see Convenient." At this time on South River, where Col. William
Burgess was the leading spirit, there was an effort to build the ancient town called
New London or Londontown.

6. During the year, 1683, Lord Baltimore and William Penn had a conference
at the Ridge upon the disputed boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania.

7. The second time the Legislature met in Anne Arundel County was on Feb-
ruary 28th, 1094-5. This meeting was at "Ann- Arundel Town," now Annapolis.
This session was brief. Three acts only were passed. Amongst them was an act
to naturalize Daniel Davison, Sr. and Daniel Davison, Jr. The third session in
Anne Arundel began at Ann-Arundel Town on May 8th, 1695, was a most important
one, and the session is flavored with many acts arising from the location of the
Provincial capital, at Annapolis, which had now become the name of Ann-Arundel
town.

8. The Lower House was always a very brave body in protecting the rights of
the people, and their spirited conduct could not fail to inspire the people of Anne
Arundel with a high sense of their rights. At the May session, 1744. the Lower
House refused to vote two thousand pounds more to finish the Governor's house —

Paragraph 4. lid What gratuity did the Lower House vote his Lordship?
Paragraph 5. mi What reply to the citizens of South River did Lord Baltimore make in
regard to their offer to 'erect public buildings.'

Paragraph (>. (a\ With whom did Lord Baltimore have conference in 1683 at the Bidge?
Paragraph 7. (a) When did the second session of the Legislature take place in Anne Arundel?
Paragraph 8. (a) What was the Lower House? (6) Can you give some instances of its bravery?

The ancient. Jail of Anne Arundel County, located on Calvert Street, Annapolis.

The City Dock, where the citizens of Annapolis, on or about the 20th of August.

1705, met the vessel of the Maryland Stamp Distributor, Zachariah Hood, and.

after a serious affray, drove away the vessel and would not let Hood land.

A HISTOBY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 125

Bladen's Folly. The Governor, on May 25th, sent the Lower House a lengthy and
hitter message complaining that, in offering to give instructions to the Commis-
sioners to treat with the Indians, the Lower House " has, in this Instance, assumed
to themselves an authority which a British House of Commons never attempted."

The Lower House declared, in an address to Lord Baltimore, that the disannulling

... ®

of an act, once made, is an exercise of a legislative power "that is given by the

Charter to the Proprietary in conjunction with the Freemen of the Province or their
Delegates," and another resolved, that "We know ourselves to be a Branch of that
Free People, of wdiom your Lordship is a Representative, entitled to all their
Bights and Privileges, and, therefore, we can never submit to the payment of any
tax or IMI'OST BUT what is laid upon us by law." Over and over again, in the pres-
ence of the people of Annapolis were these sturdy sentiments announced, and to
the effect of them may be attributed, in part, at least, the wonderfully bold and
patriotic conduct of the people of Annapolis when the American Revolution
approached and was later in the full vigor of conflict.

9. One of the most extraordinary events of legislative action in Annapolis was
the attempted arrest in 1757, by the Lower House, of Mr. John Ridout, the Secre-
tary of the Governor. The Lower House, in its proceedings, stated — that, an
account, in the expenditure of 6,000 pounds by the Governor, under a grant to his
Majesty's service, being missing — and, "a new one of a very different Nature, put in
its Place, we judged it expedient, that, upon the Appointment of the same Person ;is
our Clerk, (who at first View must be supposed to be privy to that Exchange of
Papers), he should lie at least Reprimanded for such a Breach of Trust, and told,
that any future Misconduct must occasion his Removal from it : Upon our Enquiry
into this affair, a Letter from Mr. John Ridout was produced, and Part of it read in
the House, which is in the following words :

"'As the Assembly will meet again the 1st of July at farthest, the Governor
will be impatient to receive your Accounts fully and clearly stated before that Time,
because the Money is all expended. I before writ to you on this Matters, and left
several Papers, &c, which had been delivered in, with your Son at Concocheague.'

"As, from this Letter, and the Information of Col. Cresap, now a Member of
our House, (to who that letter was directed) that the Account which had under the
Examination of the Committee, was one of the Papers mentioned in it, we could not
but be of opinion, that the Account which was missing, had passed into Mr. Ridout's
Hands ; and, as our Clerk, denied, that he had delivered it to any Person whatever,
and alleged, he supposed it must have been removed by some Members of the Lower
House ; a Regard for our own Characters, as well as the Security of the Public
Papers, laid us under a Necessity of calling upon Mr. Ridout to know how he came
to the Possession of that Account. Mr. Ridout came before the House, in Conse-
quence of a Request made by our Sergeant to that Purpose ; the Letter being
handed to him, he was asked, if the Name subscribed was Ms Hand-writing; he said

Paragraph 9. (a) Whose arrest was attempted by the Lower House in 1757?' (ft) Wlial was
the cause of it? (c) What was the result with Mr. Ridout?

126 A HISTORY OF ANNE AliUNDEL COUNTY.

he could not, or did not think proper, to answer that question. He was asked, how the
Papers, mentioned in that Letter, came into his Possession ; lie said, the Governor's
Name being mentioned in that Letter, he did nut think if proper to give an answer. He
was desired to withdraw. Being called in again, lie was desired to give an Answer
to the Question proposed to him before ; he said, he perceived by the Date, the Letter
had been wrote some Time ago; said, if he might have the Letter awhile, In would reflect
upon the Matter: he was told, he might have a copy of it, and might consider it
against tin Afternoon. He made no Answer. He was then ordered t«i attend
again in the Afternoon. He said, the Governor had Business for him to do, or,
he had Business of the Governor's that must be done, mid l„ must desin f<> /» excused.
He was then ordered to withdraw. In a short Time, the House ordered him to be
called again, but he was not to be found. Upon this Behaviour of Mr. Bidout, so
unprecedented amongst us, and so dangerous in it's Consequences, a \\ arrant of
this House was issued to our Serjeant, to bring Mr. Bidout before the House, to
answer for a Contempt of the Authority, and a Breach of its inherent Bights and
Privilegis."

The address stated that the Serjeant called at the Governor's, wdiere Mr. Bidout
lived, and asked for him, and that he came, and Mr. Bidout, after several interviews,
told the Serjeant that he must excuse him, he could not attend. It was then that
the Governor came, after the Serjeant had sent a message by a servant lad t<> Mr.
Bidout, that "he should be glad to see him."

The House repudiated the suggestion of the Governor that, in apologizing for
the behaviour of their sergeant, they had apologized for their conduct.

" We are far from being disposed to have it believed, that our Serjeant may not,
at any Time, except w-hen you are at Dinner, enter your House and take any Person
from thence that we ma}- order him."

" We do not know of any such Officer as a Governor's Secietary, and when
there is one it will be time enough," asserted the House, for it to discuss the right
of their Serjeant to take him into custody.

While not intending to infringe the Governor's rights, the House assured his
Excellency "nor will we tamely suffer ours to be violated or infringed."

" What," continued the Lower House, " your Excellency is pleased to observe
to us, by Way of Information, as to our Bights and Privileges, : is one Branch of the
Legislature, may be New to You, but we assure you it is not so to us. What are the
Bights and Privileges of those Gentlemen, that are said to constitute another
Branch, we know nothing about as it is a Branch undevised in our Charter, and
unknown in its Original." Acknowledging the rights of the Governor, the House
denied that he had "any Servant constitutionally attendant upon" him, in his
legislative capacity in the discharge of his duty. They hoped the Governor would
not insist upon a private person having such an appointment, "and one that never
even underwent the Qualification necessary to distinguish him to be a loyal subject,"
but. if the Governor did, they would take no notice of him as such.

The Lower House thought it pretty extraordinary that Mr. John Bidout, or
(your Secretary) if agreeable to have him so called, should have known so little of

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 127

his duty as to have come before the House without the Governor's consent ; but when
lie did appear, the House certainly had a right to interrogate him. The Lower
House gave it as its opinion that it had as much right to call Mr. Kidout before
them, " as any other Gentleman that may reside in your Excellency's House, and
as much Eight to call one of your Family before us, as one of any Gentleman's
Family in the Province."

"And we must here take the Freedom to tell your Excellency, that, if calling
a Gentleman in your Family, your Secretary, and, endeavoring thereby to protect
him against the Authority of this House, be one of those Eights and Privileges,
which you intend, whenever you shall leave this Government, to delivei up to your
Successor; we hope it will be rejected as unknown and unconstitutional in this
Government."

The House declared, that, in the affair which Mr. Eidout, the Governor's con-
duct gave them some reason to believe to the contrary to what the Governor had
stated, and that it was to conceal something from the House that it was proper they
should know.

The House concluded that the suggestion of the Governor that they attend
more strictly to their business, excited no wonder in them, as it was calculated to
call their attention away from the vindication of their rights ; but " tho' the Tune

spent in public Enquiries, in Endeavors for Eedress of the Grievances the \ pie

labour under and in the Support of the Eights and Privileges of this House, must
necessarily lay upon them an heavy burthen ; yet, we are well assured, by the
People themselves, that, as they plainly see it unavoidable, as we have, they shall
chearfully submit to it, as a lesser Evil."'

The Governor alleged that he engaged in the Controversy "much against my
Inclination." He argued that there was a Governor's Secretary, and showed there
was a Secretary of the Province as early as 1637-8, who was continued in the title
by an Act of Assembly of 1649. " Whether it is necessary that I should have a
Secretary or not," declared the Governor, "I may, I think, be supposed the best
judge, and the impartial World will, perhaps, be surprised at your making that a
Question, since I did not ask any Thing of you for his Support." He added that
Mr. Eidout had qualified himself as a loyal subject before he came to this Produce,
"and, I persuade myself, you will not imagine that his principles have since
Debauched by living in my Family."

Mr. Eidout, under the Governor's protection, was relieved from further
molestation.

10. One of the most remarkable incidents in the history of the General
Assembly of Maryland, and one that could not fail to impress the people with a
sense of their rights was the rejection by the Lower House, nine times in successive
sessions, during the French and Indian War, of bills suggested by the Upper
House to raise supplies for the King. The Lower House had voted that supplies

Paragraph 10. (a) What extraordinary instance of the determination of the Lower House to
protect the assessable* at large occurred during the French and Indian War? (b) What was the
difference between the two bills that led to these dissensions between the two Houses?

128 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

should be given the King ; but provided that the office-holders, the affluent and the
Lord Proprietary himself should pay part out of their income and revenues, the new
and burdensome war taxation, and that all of it should not fall upon the body of the
assessables at large, already heavily taxed to support the government. The Upper
House, the appointees of Lord Baltimore, declined to pass this Act, and proposed
throwing all of the new rates upon those already taxed. This action led to many
bitter letters of official correspondence between the two Houses and the Governor,
and, became one of the primary causes for the British Stamp Act, and the subse-
quent taxation that led to the Revolutionary War. So Maryland was the pioneer
that opened the path to American liberty.

11. At the canvass preceding the elections in May, 1773, political parties in
Maryland had formed along the lines of approval or disapproval of Gov. Eden's
proclamation fixing the fees of public officers and the rates of the clerg}'. On the
one side was the Governor, the office-holders, the Council and the clergy. On the
other, the people. For three years this contest raged with the virulence of an ever-
increasing tempest. The Governor, after two years of proroguations of the Assembly,
had to abandon these makeshifts and to appeal to the people in a new election. The
press, the hustings and the polls took up the insistent question in their turn —
the public correspondence in that day in the Maryland Gazette, from January, 1773,
to May following, being a most valuable contribution of fiery and instructive con-
tributions to Maryland history. Whilst this was in progress, amongst the lesser
lights, the remarkable, and historic correspondence, masterful in argument, pro-
found in research, terrific in invective, between Antilon, Daniel Dulany, on the side
of the Governor, and First Citizen, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, for the people,
took place. At the election not a single member of the Assembly, favorable to the
Governor, was elected. Even in Annapolis, the stronghold of the administration,
its champion, Anthony Steuart, withdrew from the contest on the morning of
election.

At the assembling of the Legislature the subject of the fees of public officers
was ignored.

Gov. Eden made formal announcement of the death of the Lord Proprietary,
Frederick Lord Baltimore, and the succession to this position of the Right Hon.
Henry Harford, Esq., who, with his guardians, gave promise of assisting the Prov-
ince in matters conducive to its welfare. Sir Henry Harford was the natural son of
the late Proprietary.

A bill was brought in by the Lower House "for the Establishment of Religious
Worship in this Province, for the Maintenance of the Clergy, and for other Pur-
poses therein mentioned." The Upper House objected to this on the ground that
a similar bill, passed in 170'2, was still in force. Further, they disapproved of a
provision aiming to establish an equality in the incomes of ministers, which would

Paragraph 11. (a) On what questions were political parties divided in 1773 in Maryland? \l>)
What famous correspondence took place during this campaign? (c) What was the result of tin'
elections? (d) What had expired before the cause of American liberty?

PEGGY STEWART HOUSE.
The house, now known as the Peggy Stewart House, is on Hanover Street. It was at one
time the residence ol Anthony Stewart, the owner of the famous hrig Peggy Stewart. It
was built in 17(53. On this porch Stewart made his threat to the mob October 19, 1774,
which had erected a gallows in front of his house because lie paid the tax on tea.

THE CHASE HOUSE.
The house, on the north side of Maryland avenue, corner of King George, built in 1770,
by Judge Samuel Chase, (known in the family as Judge Samuel Chase, the Signer), has
been described as ■■ probably the most stately house in Annapolis, being the only
colonial residence which is three stories high."

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 129

" impose an unequal tax on the people, as well as damp the emulous Exertions of
Merit, which the hopes of preferment are wont to animate."

Honor and fame, arising throughout all Maryland, now crowned the brow of
Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Press and people united to do him homage in pub-
lished eulogies and public meetings, and now, to give a new laurel to that wreath
of immortelles, tradition informs us that the Lower House conferred upon the
illustrious writer a dignity unique in the annals of a legislative assembly. As one
body, the members repaired to the stately mansion on the Spa, and, at his own
home, in person, they thanked Mr. Carroll for the valor and success with which he
had defended the rights of the people in his controversy with Antilon.

The rancors of religious differences were now in their unholy sepulchre.
Created alone by political jealousies as the Catholics obtained promotion in the
government, before the one cause of American liberty, State ami Colonial, they had
expired without a parting gasp. At this time, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, the
illustrious and honored patriot, was a Roman Catholic, deprived under the laws of
England, in force in the Province of Maryland, of the right of franchise on account
of his religious convictions.

12. Legislative action, as now, was not without its undercurrent of events, in
the past. This was visible in a. noticeable incident in the Session of December,
182(5. It was through Johu V. L. McMahon's indefatigable efforts that the
measures necessary to inaugurate the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad were passed.
On one occasion the fates seemed against him. He had counted his supporters, ami
had found that he had just the number of votes required to pass the bill if he could
hold his forces together. In the number of his adherents were several Eastern
Shore members. If the steamer Maryland came on time, they would go home and
the bill would be lost ; if she did not, the members would remain and the bill would
pass. The steamer, therefore, must not come on her scheduled time. Captain
William Taylor, a warm friend of McMahon's, was the master of the good steamer
Maryland. To him McMahon stated the situation, and said to him, " the Maryland
must not make that trip!" " Why," exclaimed the excited captain, "the boat's
advertised to come at that time." " Well," said McMahon, "I am a good friend of
yours." "The boat," concluded Captain Taylor, " can get her engines out of order,
or something like that," and this she conveniently did, for the Maryland never
made that trip, the Eastern Shore members remained in Annapolis, and McMahon's
bill passed !

13. The Constitution of Maryland became an attenuated relic of colonial times
with a dash of republican spirit permeating it. By it an extraordinary mode of elect-
ing one branch of the legislative body was preserved. An Electoral College, composed
of forty electors, was elected by the people according to certain defined electoral
districts. Of these it required twenty-four to make a quorum. The State, since
the adoption of the State Constitution in 1776, had gained so in population that

Paragraph 12. (a) What remarkable incident occurred at the December Session, 1826?
Paragraph 13. («) What was an attenuated relic of colonial times in the session of 1836? (6)

130 A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

these districts, which, at first, fairly represented the population of the State and
the will of the peojile, had become a huge, political monstrosity, by which less than
one-fourth of the people of the State elected one entire co-ordinate branch of the
legislative department, and had a large influence in choosing the Governor of the
State. As it happened, the Whigs were strongest in these numerically smaller
districts, and, while not representing the fourth of the State, were enabled to dictate
to the other three-fourths in two important branches of the Government. Against
this the Democracy of Maryland revolted, and, assisted by many Whigs who were
opposed to the unequal system, had called loudly for reform.

The Whigs, loth to give up power, resisted the appeals of party and people for
redress. In the election of 1836, the Whigs elected 21 members of the Senatorial
College, and the Democrats 19. On this the Democrats resolved to stop the wheels
of government itself or obtain the redress they asked.

From Major Sprigg Harwood, who represented Annapolis in the College, on
August 18th, 1886, when the Major was in his 78th year, and the sole survivor of
"the glorious nineteen," as the democrats were wont to call them, the author of this
history obtained the following :

"We had a little caucus at the Baltimore House, corner of Baltimore and
Hanover streets, Baltimore, and then agreed that we would assemble at Annapolis
and send a communication, as we did, on the 19th of September, to the twenty-one
Whig electors, who were in the Senate Chamber, and who had qualified, and were
waiting for all of us, requiring at least three before a quorum could be formed to
transact business. When we sent our communication to them, they would hold no
communication with us until we qualified. If we had qualified, they could have
then proceeded to business with their majority of twenty-one.

"I first heard of the intended proceedings some days before the Baltimore
meeting, by Mr. Dick Higgins coming out to the country at Mr. Evans's, and telling
me of the letters written to the Democratic and Reform electors to meet in Baltimore.
Before going, I consulted with my people here to learn their views. I said they
could instruct me now, but, if I went to Baltimore, and committed myself, it was
then too late, I would have to stand by it. They said ' Go, the principle is right,
and we will stand by you.' This they did, although they had a representation
equal to Baltimore's two delegates in the Legislature.

"We met in Baltimore about a week previous to the meeting of the college here
on the 19th of September, and agreed on the outlines of the proposition as indicated
by the letter dated on the 19th.

"There was no personal animosity among the participants. I used to associate
with the Whig electors outside, and they would ask me to go up to the Senate, but
I would say — 'No, you will lock me in.' The outsiders were very much alarmed.

What dramatic event resulted? (c) What were the democratic electors called by their friends?
till What penalty did a Whig Senate inflict upon one of "the Glorious Nineteen."

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 131

They thought no rights were left in property as there was no Legislature, the Whig
judges actually taking this view, and the people generally thought the country was
gone.

"Afterward, when three of the nineteen concluded to participate in the organi-
zation of the College, John S. Sellman wrote to us to meet at Annapolis, but all
declined save Marcy Fountain, Enoch George, George A. Thomas, and Wesley
Linthicum. Messrs. Thomas and George regretted coming, but finding three were
going in, (enough to make a quorum,) they also consented to go, but not then until
the basis of electing a Senate and the reforms to be given had been agreed upon.

" The Whigs gave the election of Governor to the people and altered the repre-
sentation in the Legislature so as to equalize it somewhat in the State."

The Democrats thereupon elected the Governor — the Whigs only succeeded
getting in Gov. Pratt in 1843, and the Know Nothings, Thomas Holliday Hicks, in
1857. The Whigs often, however, had the Legislature. Major Harwood said :
"Our people were satisfied, but the Whigs were excited here. They did not like
giving up the State. Several steamers came here daily from Baltimore and the
counties, filled witli Whigs, who hoped to make an impression on the nineteen.
Everybody had gone away then except myself."

The calm of Annapolis, whilst this peaceful revolution was in progress, was in
strong contrast with the excitement prevailing in other parts of the State. People
generally felt a political catastrophe was at hand which threatened the destruction
of property and government, and, with these dire forebodings, the timid saw impend-
ing and overwhelming evils, whilst the courageous prepared to meet the coming
danger with heroic effort.

In many places in the State public meetings were held. At Baltimore an
immense gathering of citizens denounced the nineteen in forcible terms, and similar
meetings followed in Washington, Frederick and Allegany counties, at which all
pledged themselves to sustain the supremacy of the law. On the 18th of October,
the grand jury of Allegany county presented the nineteen electors " as unfaithful
public agents and disturbers of the public peace." In the interim, whilst the Whig
electors remained out of the College, and awaited events, the presidential election
was held. On the day following, November 8th, Governor Thomas W. Veazey issued
a proclamation denouncing in severe terms the conduct of the " recusant electors and
their abettors," calling on the civil and military authorities to be in readiness to
maintain the law, and convening the old Senate and House of Delegates to assemble
on the 21st of November. The proclamation added greatly to the excitement in
the State, and was responded to cordially. One military company, the Planters
Guards, tendered their services to the executive to support the authority of the law.
Happily, their aid was never required.

Although the nineteen, Major Sprigg Harwood, who lived at Annapolis, alone
accejited, had left the capital, steamboat load after steamboat load of people came
to the city, in the spirit of some vague knight errantry, hopeful that they might, by
some means, influence the nineteen to absolve their resolve.

132 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

John S. Sellman, of Anne Arundel, early in October, announced bis determi-
nation to take part in tbe election of a Senate. He was followed by Wesley
Lintliicum, of tbe same county, on November 12th. Sellman signified this inten-
tion by letter to his associates in the communication of the 19th of September to
the twenty-one Whig electors.

The election of Delegates to the House hastened the dissolution of the combi-
nation. Sixtv Whigs and but nineteen Van Buren, or Democratic delegates, wen-
returned. The Aune Arundel, Queen Anne's, and Caroline county electors regarded
tbe elections in their counties, as instructions from their constituents, and November
19th, Mr. Wesley Lintliicum, of Anne Arundel County, Dr. Enoch George and John
B. Thomas, of Queen Anne's County, and Marcy Fountain, of Caroline County, all
of "the glorious nineteen," appeared, and, also qualified as Senatorial electors.
The College, then composed of twenty-six members, proceeded to elect a Senate.

On the 25th of November, Governor Veazey sent a special message to the
General Assembly on this subject in which be declared, "the annals of party con-
tention and political errors and aberations from duty" * "would be
searched in vain for a case of such plain and palpable violation of constitutional
duty and moral obligations as the conduct of the recusant electors of the Senate of
Maryland exhibits." He regretted no statute existed to meet such an emergency
and suggested the passage of one.

The revolt had crystalized public opinion on the subject of the needed reforms
in State government, and the measures for which tbe democrats contended were
generally conceded by the Legislature. There being no statutory puuisbment for their
offence, the Whigs, who generally had control of the Senate, visited an unwritten
penalty on " the glorious nineteen." No matter to what office one of them was
ever appointed by the Governor, a Whig Senate would invariably reject the
appointee.

14. It was during the administration of Gov. Francis Thomas that a scene
most remarkable in tbe annals of the proceedings of the General Assembly of Mary-
land occurred. Gov. Thomas, who had married the young, beautiful and accom-
plished daughter of Governor McDowell, of Virginia, had fallen into a tremendous
quarrel, originating from serious chai'ges affecting the Governor's personal character,
with several male members of his wife's family — one, the Governor himself and the
other, the illustrious Thomas H. Benton. In the course of the war of words, Gov-
ernor Thomas had printed at Annapolis a most violent attack upon his adversaries,
and had a copy of the pamphlet placed upon the desk of every member of the Con-
gress of the United States, at Washington. Thereupon, tbe Governor was sued for
libel. As the Governor had said some things, very probably, that he could not
prove, he desired to postpone the trial, and this became a battle of legal giants, for
there were eminent counsel on either side. The Governor was able to delay the
trial from time to time, and to prevent himself from appearing in the Court, in
Washington, to which he had been summoned.

Paragraph 14. (a) What remarkable scene occurred during the administration of Gov. Francis
Thomas?

THE "CARVEL HALL."

of Richard Carvel. Built by Dr. Upton Scott about 1770.

Now owned by the Sisters of Notre Dame.

THE JENNINGS' HOUSE.

Built by Edmund Jennings, about 177n, for a son-in-law, one of the Brices.

Now owned by the family of the late Thomas E. Martin.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 133

During the legal warfare, the Governor created a new excitement by charging
the Chief Justice of the State, Judge LeGrand with having abstracted an article of
value (the very nature of which seems not to have been handed down) from the
Governor's home in Frederick. These two had been fast friends and Judge
LeGrand owed his appointment to the bench to the Governor who had also honored
him by having chosen him, before this new dignity, as his Secretary of State. It
was suggested that the Governor had gotton up this charge, with the effort to have
the Chief Justice impeached, because he desired his necessary presence at Annap-
olis, to press the impeachment, to serve him as a sufficient legal reason not to
appear in the Washington Court in obedience to its summons, as his counsel stated
it : — " His State having the first claim."

Gov. Thomas made his impeachment address against the Chief Judge before
the Legislature. He was armed with a long array of legal papers, and, taking them
up, one by one, he exhausted each point at such length that a week passed, and the
Legislature adjourned before action was taken. Gov. McDowell was present, together
with Thomas H. Benton, at the' Governor's masterful presentation of the case,
during which Maryland's Governor introduced his own domestic troubles. He, in
one of his extraordinary sentences, stated that "'from investigation, I can say that
the McDowell women were of the best type of American motherhood. He wished
he could say as much for the men. His own wife," the Governor declared, "was
as pure as the icicle from the frozen north." Then, changing his attack to the
McDowell men, he said : " They have followed me through the trackless forest like
the hell-hounds of perdition," and exclaiming, "Let them come!" he struck his
chest with his fist, until it rang like the clang of armored metal, and added : "I fear
them not — from Bully Benton to Blackguard McDowell." Pencils dropped from
the hands of the note-takers, a half dozen members rose and called for order, and
Benton stood up and demanded protection from the House, " or he would protect
himself."

Governor Thomas remained silent and motionless until the storm had sub-
sided, and then calmly said :

"Mr. Speaker: I have sat in this House; twice I have occupied the seat in
which you sit ; I have served in the Halls of Congress, and never has an honorable
gentleman called me to order." •

At the end of the proceedings, with the ease of an evening promenade, Gov.
Thomas escorted his wife to the train, placed her under the care of Richard Thomas,
the President of the Senate, and a relative of the Governor, and she went back to
her father's house.

With this startling episode faded Maryland's opportunity to have one of her
citizens in the Presidential chair — for, up to that time, it was conceded that Gov-
ernor Thomas was to be the coming democratic nominee for President — a choice
that fell later to James K. Polk, at a time when the country was immovably
democratic.

This administration was also stirred by the stabbing of John C. LeGrand,
Secretary of State, as he was passing through the rotunda of the State House, by

134 A HISTOEY OP ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

Townley Lockerman, a man not mentally sound. The cause was jealousy on
account of a lady, with whom the Secretary was not even acquainted.

15. These dramatic legislative scenes of the past are repeated in the present.
On the evening of February 6th, after the fire in Baltimore, the 4th and 5th Regi-
ments were called out at 7 P. M., by Brig. Gen. Lawrason Biggs, who could not
communicate with the Governor then, but who gave the order at the request of
president of Police Board, under whose orders the law compelled him to act. A
few hours later the Governor put Gen. Riggs in charge. All persons, other than
military, were then excluded from burnt district. A number of the members of the
Legislature were made indignant that their passes from the Governor were not
honored and that other men on important business were excluded from the burnt
district. The House of Delegates, thereupon, passed a resolution that Gen. Biggs'
action "be condemned as an unwarrantable discourtesy to the House of Delegates
and to his Excellency, the Governor of Maryland," and that he be summoned to
appear before the House of Delegates, February 11th. A sergeant-at-arms was sent
to Baltimore to deliver this summons, and, on the -appointed day, Brig. Gen. Biggs
appeared in the House and explained his actions. His bearing was martial, his
language courteous, his explanation dignified and soldiery. His conduct appeared
at once in a most favorable light. It had been suggested by a member of the
House that Gen. Biggs had been guilty of insubordination in not paying attention to
passes issued by the Governor. It was now shown that the Governor is not at the
head of military affairs unless placed there by the House, and such was not the
case. Therefore, Gen. Biggs really outranked Governor Warneld as far as the militia
was concerned — the Police Board being, at such times, alone in sole command of
the militia, and they had directed Gen. Biggs to furnish passes to all newspaper
men desiring them. These instructions Gen. Biggs promptly obeyed, recognizing
that they came from the proper authority.

Gov. Warfield, meanwhile, declared that great injustice had been done Gen.
Biggs. Gen. Biggs told the Legislature of the great necessity for keeping the
burnt district free from interlopers, and the fact that at first numbers of people
gained entrance on promiscuous passes. The manner of the General was tactful,
courteous and military. Arrayed in his elegant State uniform, the General presented
a splendid figure, bearing himself with the courage of the soldier, the skill of the
lawyer, the courtesy of a Maryland gentlemen. Delegate Johnson, who had
proposed the resolution of condemnation, now said that he had acted under a mis-
apprehension, and wished to withdraw it, and have it expunged from the proceed-
ings. This was done by a decisive vote, the motion encountering but a few dissent-

Paragraph 15. (a) What dramatic legislative scene grew out of the Baltimore fire of Feb-
ruary 6th, 1904?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 135

CHAPTER FORTY-THIRD.

THE POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL AND HISTORIC STATUS OF ANNE

ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1. Anne Arundel County is a part of the Fifth Congressional District of Mary-
laud. The other portion of the District consists of St. Mary's County, Charles
County, Calvert County, Prince George's County and Howard County. The District
is now represented in Congress by Hon. Sydney E. Mudd, of Charles County.

2. Anne Arundel County is an integral portion of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of
Maryland, composed of the counties of Anne Arundel, Howard and Carroll. The
Judges of the Circuit are : I. Thomas Jones, of Howard, Chief Judge ; James Revell,
of Anne Arundel, and William H. Thomas, of Howard, Associate Judges.

3. The county of Anne Arundel is divided into seven election districts, named
in numerical order, save that there is the omission of the seventh, that district
having been Howard District, out of which Howard County was formed.

The First District is bounded on the north by South River, and on the south-
west by West River and the Eighth District ; and on the northwest by the Second
District.

The Second District is bounded on the northeast by the Severn River, and on
the southwest by South River and the Fourth District, oh the west by the Patuxent
River, and on the north by the Fourth District.

The Third District lies between the Patapsco and Severn Rivers, and is bounded
on the east by the Chesapeake Bay, and on the west by Marley Creek arid the
Fifth District.

The Fourth District is bounded on the south by the Second and Third Districts,
on the north by Howard County, and on the east by the Fifth District, and on the
west by the Patuxent River.

The Fifth District is bounded on the south by Marley Creek and the Third
District, on the northeast by the Patapsco River ; by Howard County on the north,
and on the west by the Fourth District.

The Sixth District is Annapolis city, which lies on the south bank of the Severn
River, two miles from its entrance into the Chesapeake Bay.

Paragraph 1. (a) Of what Congressional District is Anne Arundel a part? (6) What other
counties are in the District? (c) Who represents the District in Congress?

Paragraph 2. (a) In what Judicial Circuit is Anne Arundel? (b) What counties compose the
district? (c) Who are the judges?

Paragraph 3. (a) How many election districts are there in Anne Arundel? (6) Can you name
them and bound them? (c) Can you name the polling precincts?

136 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

The Eighth District is bounded on the east by the Chesapeake Bay, on the
north by West River and the First District, and on the west by the Patuxent River,
and southwest by Calvert County.

There are sixteen voting precincts in Anne Arundel County. They are : In
the First District — First precinct. Galloways ; second, Mayo. Second District —
First precinct, Chesterfield ; second, Eastport. Third District — First precinct,
Armiger's ; second, Aslmry. Fourth District — First precinct, Gambrill's ; second,
Odenton. Fifth District — First precinct, Brooklyn ; second, Harman's ; third,
South Baltimore. Sixth District — (Annapolis) — First Ward, eastern section of tin-
city ; second, central ; third, western. Eighth District — First precinct, Nufrwell's ;
second, Churchton.

4. The local government of Anne Arundel County is placed largely in the
hands of the Board of County Commissioners, composed of seven members, one
from each election district. This Board lavs the taxes of the county, and provides
for the payment of all accounts against it. It assesses property, takes care of the
public roads, builds the county bridges, provides for the expenses of Courts and
jails, and for the support of the county pensioners and of the Alms House of the
county. The commissioners have general executive control of the affairs of the
county.

5. In addition to the judicial processes of the Circuit Court in the county, the
administration of law is farthered by the offices of justices of the peace who
adjudicate minor cases ; by the sheriff and his deputies, who arrest and apprehend
criminals ; by constables, who have powers of arrest ; by the Orphans' Court, that
settles the administration of estates and which probates wills ; by the register of
wills, who is the recorder of the Orphans' Court ; by the clerk of the Circuit Court,
who records the legal papers and process of the Court, and provides for the record-
ing of deeds and the muniments of titles. The details of the duties of these several
officer* would require an inquiry into the elements of civil government which is not
within the province of this histoiv.

6. Anne Arundel is essentially an educational centre as well as a repository of
historic events. Amongst the educational institutions of the county, besides its
public schools, St. John's, the School of Application and the Naval Academy, is the
College of Redemptorists, located at Annapolis. This school is part of a system
of three colleges foi the education of young men for the Catholic ministry. The
older of Redemptorists, under which the college is governed, was established at
Annapolis in 1853. Rev. Gabriel Bumpier and Brothers Paul and John, together
with Mr. John Himmelheber, arrived at Annapolis on the 16th of March, and were
the forerunners of this order that has educated many for the priesthood and built

Paragraph 4. (a) In what Board is the local government of Anne Arundel placed' (5) Can
you give some of the powers of this Board?

Paragraph 5. (a) Where else beside the Circuit Court are the judicial processes in the county
placed ?

Paragraph 6. (a) Of what is Anne Arundel essentially a centre? (6) What four educational
institutions are located in Annapolis?

The Residence of Judge Nicholas Brewer, who endangered his life in the
mob of 1847, to save the passengers of the Steamer Jewess.

A Room in the Marehand Mansion, the colonial home of Major Edward Horsey, and
suppQSed to be the place where the Legislature met in February, b',;i4.

i? \>

kH«

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 137

large and devoted congregation. Tiie College is located upon the colonial
home of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. This handsome property was the gift to
the order of Eedemptiorists by Mrs. Emily McTavish, a deseendent of the illus-
trious patriot.

7. The materials and resources of Anne Arundel for fiction and history have
not been neglected. The first volume, relating to Annapolis, was published by
William Eddis, in London, in 1792. Eddis was the English Collector of the Port
of Annapolis immediately preceding the Revolutionary War, and his letters, cover-
ing a period of several years at this interesting epoch give delightful pictures of
Annapolitan life under the colonial government. The next work of history was the
"Annals of Annapolis," by David Eidgely, published in 1810. This book was a
fine addition to the historic capital of Maryland. In 1886, Elihu S. Riley, pub-
lished the "Ancient City," a history of Annapolis. Two novels have many of their
scenes laid in Anne Arundel — Lucy Arnold and Richard Carvel. The city of Annap-
olis and the Naval Academy have and still form the basis of many articles in the
press, periodicals and magazines of the times.

8. Anne Arundel, from its settlement, has been a focal point of historic ami
political interest. The smoke of every hamlet of the colony rose from altars where
the fires of freedom burned with a pure and unadulterated ray. Their beams pro-
claimed the dawn of the day of civil and religious liberty. Throughout the colonial
period, Annapolis, the centre of this interest, increased in its commercial and
political importance, and the culture, ability and patrotism of its people made it
famous throughout the colonies, and not unknown in Europe. The elegance of
the life, the opulence of the people, and the wisdom of the lenders of public
thought and action are seen in the statutes and laws of the State, in their deeds in
the field and on the forum, and stand attested by the monuments of their architect-
ural ability, their opulence and their precision for the artistic in the elegant homes
and stately structures that still mutely proclaim the glory of the golden age of
Annapolitan history. Of this magnificent and patriotic ante-Eevolutionary period
there yet remain our grand old State House, with its peerless history ; the resi-
dences of Paca, Carroll and Chase, triple signers of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence ; the capacious old Ball-Room where Washington often danced, and the
barber shop where "old Caton," shaved the sage of Mount Vernon the day he was
here to resign his military commission ; the studio of Charles Wilson Peale, the
artist to whom Washington gave sittings for fourteen portraits ; the Peggy Steuart
House ; the ancient Episcopal rectory ; the Harwood House ; the home and printing
office of Jonas Green, the colonial proprietor of the Maryland Gazette: the Ridout
residence ; Reverdy Johnson's birthplace ; William Pinkney's home ; St. John's

Paragraph 7. (a) What materials and resources in Anne Arundel have not been neglected?
i/>) What books have been written about or their scenes laid partly in Anne Arundel?

Paragraph 8. (a) Of what has Anne Arundel been since its settlement? (b\ Can you name
some of the reasons that caused this political and historic importance?

138 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

College, the Alma Mater of Francis Scott Key; Mann's Hotel, where Washington
was entertained when at Annapolis ; and Acton, the sole representative, in its capa-
cious environments, of the ancient regime.

'.'. The illustrious past of the county, the examples of virtue, integrity and
patriotism, the superior character of its leading people who have colored the page
of history, is a legacy that the fathers have left their children, that should inspire the
descendants of the patriots and noble men who have written the annals of Anne
Arundel in the past, to emulate the distinguished acts of their sires as occasion
affords them opportunity, ever remembering that the virtuous performance of civic
duties ; the individual honesty of the private citizen ; the industrious acquisition of
knowledge; the conscientious use of talents, and a high sense of personal responsi-
bility to the Creator of the universe are the only sources of real private good and
substantial public exaltation.

CHAPTER FORTY-FOURTH.

A GALAXY OF ILLUSTRIOUS CITIZENS OF ANNE ARFNDEL.

CHARLES CARROLL, OF CARROLLTON,

1. Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, September 20, 1737. In 1745, he was
taken to the College of English Jesuits at St. Oiner, France, where he remained six
years, and then was sent to the Jesuit College at Rheims. After one year's study
of civil law at Bourges, he went to Paris, studied two more years, and began the law
in the Temple. At 27 years of age, he returned to America, and, at the breaking out
of the Revolutionary War. was considered the richest man in America, being worth
$2,000,000. Although, by the illiberal laws of that period, he was robbed of the priv-
ilege of the elective franchise, because he was a Catholic, he ardently espoused the
American cause, and began his opposition to the arbitrary measures of the Pro-
prietary Government, by publishing in the Maryland Gazette, a series of articles under
the signature of " The First Citizen," against the right of the Governor of Maryland,
to regulate fees by proclamation. In 1775, he was made a member of the first com-
mittee of observation established at Annapolis, and during the same year he was
elected a delegate to the Provincial Convention. In February, 1776, he was sent to
Canada, by Congress, to induce the people of that province to unite with the States.
He returned to Philadelphia, in June, and found the Declaration of Independence
under discussion. The delegates from Maryland were hampered by instructions "to

Paragraph 9. (a) "What should the legacy left by the fathers inspire their descendants to do?
Paragraphs 1 to 10. (a) Can you name a number of distinguished Americans who were born
or lived in Anne Arundel?

A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 139

disavow in the most solemn manner all design in the colonies of independence." He
repaired to Annapolis immediately, and, with the assistance of Judge Samuel Chase,
on the 28th of June, succeeded in having these instructions withdrawn and the
delegates left free to join in the Declaration of Independence. On August -2d, the
Declaration was formally signed. As Mr. Carroll wrote his name, a member
observed, "Here go a few millions," and added, "however, there are several Charles
Carrolls, the British will not know which one it is." Carroll immediately added,
"of Carrollton," and was ever afterwards known by that cognomen. He was placed
by Congress in the Board of War. In 1776, he helped to draft the Constitution for
Maryland, and was the same year a member of the State Senate. In 1777, he was
again a delegate to Congress. In 1781, and 178(3, he was a Senator of Maryland,
and in 1788, was chosen a United States Senator, to which office he was again
elected in 1797. In 1799, he was one of the Commissioners to adjust the boundary
line between Maryland and Virginia. On July 4, 1828, then, in his 90th year, Mr.
Carroll, in the presence of an immense concourse of people, and, attended by impos-
ing civic ceremonies, laid the corner-stone of that important Maryland enterprise —
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Toward the last of his life, Mr. Carroll removed
to Baltimore — the author has it by tradition — because the city fathers here offended
him by making the taxes too high. November 14, 1832, Mr. Carroll died, the last
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.

WILLIAM PINKNEY
2. Was born at Annapolis, Md., March 17, 1764. His family was a, branch of
the South Carolina Pinkneys, who early settled at Annapolis. He studied medi-
cine, but left that for the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1786. In 1788, he
was a delegate to the Convention which ratified the constitution of the United
States, and he subsequently held various State offices as member of the House of
Delegates, Senate and the Council. In 1796, he was sent to London, as Commis-
sioner, under the Jay treaty, remaining abroad until 1804. In 1805, he became
Attorney-General of Maryland. In 1806, he was sent as Minister extraordinary to
England to treat, in conjunction with Monroe, with the British Government, and
was resident Minister from 1807 to 1811, when he was appointed Attorney-General
of the United States, which office he held two years. He commanded a volunteer
corps in the war of 1812, and was severely wounded in the battle of Bladensburg.
In 1815, he was elected a member of Congress, and in 1816, was appointed Minister
to Russia, and Special Minister to Naples. In 1818, he returned home, and, in
1819, was elected a United States Senator. He died February 22, 1822. Tradition
says at thirteen he stood guard as a soldier in the Revolutionary fortifications
around Annapolis.

Paragraph 1. (a) Name some of the leading events in the life of Charles Carroll, of Ca
rollton?

Paragraph 2. (a) Name some in the life of William Pinkney?

140 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

REVEEDY JOHNSON

3. Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, May 21, 1796. He was educated at St.
John's College, and, at the age of 17, began the study of law in Prince George's
county, in the office of his father, who was the Chief Justice of the Judicial District
of which that county formed a part. In 1815, he was admitted to the bar, and by
way of encouragement to all who do not achieve success at once, be it written, he
made a lamentable failure iu his hist speech in Court. In 1817, he removed to Balti-
more, and devoted much of his time to arguing cases before the Supreme Court of
the Uuited States, where he won renown as a profound student of the legal profession,
not only in America, but, his fame reaching Europe, he was called to argue before
the French tribunals. In conjunction with Mr. Thomas Harris, he reported the
decisions of the Maryland Court of Appeals, known as "Harris and Johnson's
Reports," (7 vols. 18*20-27). In 1821, he was elected a State Senator, and
re-elected in 1825. In 1845, he was chosen United States Senator, which office he
resigned in 1849, on being appointed by President Taylor, Attorney-General of the
United States. In 1861, he was a member of the Peace Convention in Washington,
which tried to prevent the Civil War. In 1862, he was again elected to the United
States Senate, and was a member from 1S63 to 1868. In June of the latter year,
he was appointed Minister to England, where he negotiated a treaty for the settle-
ment of the Alabama claims. This treaty was rejected by the Senate. He was
recalled in 1869. During the entire Civil War, when many illegal acts were com-
mitted under the plea of " military necessity," Reverdy Johnson, whilst an anient
supporter of the Union, eloquently raised his voice against every usurpation of the
military power. On the evening of February 10, 1876, when in his 80th year, with
a mind yet undimmed by mental incapacity, and a body that gave promise of many
years of usefulness, he met with a fatal accident at Annapolis. He was at a social
gathering at the Executive Mansion, John Lee Carroll, being then Governor and
host. Mr. Johnson started to go out the main doorway. He was ottered assistance
but refused it. Passing down the granite steps of the front porch, he turned to the
left of the entrance and fell into a paved area, five feet below, where he was found
shortly afterward in an unconscious state. He expired soon after being discovered.
He died almost within a stone's throw of the house in which he was born, and well
nigh under the shadow of his alma mater. The terms of the Johnson treaty, that
the Senate rejected, were ultimately agreed upon by England and America.

JOHN D. GOD1IAN

4. Was born at Annapolis, December 20, 1794. He was apprenticed to a
printer in Baltimore, but, at the age of twenty, enlisted in the Navy and was present
at the defence of Fort McHenry. After the war he studied medicine and practiced
until 1821, when he became professor in the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati,
and commenced there the Western Quarterly Reporter. In 1822, he removed to

Paeagbaph 3. (a) Name some in the life of Reverdy Johnson?
Pakagbaph 4. (a) Who was John D. Godmau?

"ACTON."

Built in 1 7 ( > "2 with brick brought from England. It is on one of the first tract of land

granted at Annapolis, being surveyed in 1651. It is now the home

of Pay Director James D. Murray, U. S. Navy.

"MIDDLETON HOTEL."

Tradition makes General Washington one of its guests.

NEW I

PUBLIC LlBtUM

Ml OK, LfeNSX »Ni
TiLBfeN rOv^ATiONl.

A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 141

Philadelphia, and devoted himself to the science of Anatomy, of which he became
in 1826, a professor in Rutger's Medical School, New York. He prepared the
Zoological articles for the " Encyclopedia Americana " up fco the end of the letter C.
His principal work was "American Natural History." He died at Germantown,
Pa., April 17, 1830.

STEWART HOLLAND.

5. By one act this man made his name immortal. He was born at Annapolis.
September 24, 18-54, found him a member of the engineering department of the
Steamer Arctic, that, with hundreds of passengers, was sinking in mid-ocean, from
the effects of a collision. "About two hours after the Arctic was struck, the firing
of the gun," said the third mate of the Arctic, "attracted my attention, and I
recollect when I saw Stewart, it struck me as remarkably strange that he alone of
all belonging to the engineering body should be here. He must have had a good
chance to go in the chief engineer's boat and be saved ; but he did not, it seems,
make the slightest exertion to save himself whilst there was duty to be done on
shipboard. I l-ecollect that, about an hour before the ship sunk, I was hurriedly
searching for spikes to make a raft with. I had just passed through the saloon.
On the sofa were men who had fainted, and there were many of them, too ; the ladies
were in little groups, clasped together, strangely quiet, and resigned. As I came
out again, the scene that presented itself was one that I hope never to' see again.
Here and there were strong, stout men on their knees in the attitude of prayer, and
others, who, when spoken to, were immovable and stupefied. In the midst of this
scene, Stewart came running up to me, crying : 'Donan, my powder is out ; I want
more. Give me the key.' 'Never mind the key,' I replied, ' take an axe and break
open the door ?' He snatched one close beside me, and down into the ship's hold
he dived, and I went over the ship's side to my raft. I recollect distinctly his
appearance as once more he hailed me from the deck, the right side of his face was
black with powder, and when he spoke, his face seemed to me to be lighted up with
a quaint smile." So the gallant youth continued to fire "the minute gun" that
booming over the sea might catch the ear of some passing vessel and bring relief to
the perishing. As the ship, which carried three hundred people with it to watery
graves, went down, Stewart Holland was seen " in the very act of firing as the vessel
disappeared below the waters." A lot was donated in Washington, where. he lived
at the time of the disaster, and money subscribed to build him a monument, but the
funds were embezzled by the trustee.

CHARLES WILSON PEALE,

6. The eminent American painter, spent much of his life in Annapolis. He
was born April 16, 1741. Peale had a checkered career. He was first a saddler
and harness -maker, then watch and clock tinker, and in their order, silver-smith,
painter, modeller, taxidermist, dentist and lecturer. In 1770, he visited England,

Paragraph 5. (a) What heroic act did Stewart Holland perform?
Paragraph 6. (a) Who was Charles Wilson Peale?

142 A HISTORY OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY.

and for several rears, was a pupil of West. Returning home he settled first in
Annapolis and then in Philadelphia, aud acquired celebrity as a portrait painter.
Among his works were several portraits of Washington, and a series forming the
nucleus of a national portrait gallery. He commanded a company of volunteers in
the battles of Trenton and Germautowii, and also served in the Pennsylvania Legis-
lature. About 1785, he commenced a collection of natural curiosities in Philadel-
phia, founding "Peale's Museum,'' in which he lectured on natural history. He
aided in founding the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.

LIEUTENANT JAMES BOOTH LOCKWOOD, U. S. A.,

7. Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, October 9, 1852, and died at Gape
Sal line, Smith's Sound, April 9, 1884. To Lieutenant Lockwood belongs the dis-
tinction of having attained, during the Greely Expedition, the point nearest to
either pole, than ever reached by any human being. It was on Lockwood's Island
in north latitude, 80 24 ; longitude 44 5.

DANIEL DULANY.

8. A history of Annapolis would be incomplete without a biographical sketch
of Daniel Dulany who, under the non de plume of Antilon, carried on the memora-
ble newspaper controversy in 177o, with Carroll, of Carrollton, the "First Citizen"
of that literary prologue of the American Revolution. Daniel Dulany, son of
Daniel Dulany, was born at Annapolis, July, 1721, and was educated at Eton and
at Clara Hall, Cambridge, England. He entered the Temple, and, returning to the
colonies, was admitted to the bar in 1747. Mr. McMahon, of this brilliant man,
says: ''For many years before the downfall of the Proprietary Government, he
confessedly was without a rival in this colony, as a lawyer, a scholar, and an orator,
and, we may safely regard the assertion that, in the high aud varied accomplishments
which constitute these, he has had amongst the sons of Maryland but one equal
and no superior. We admit that tradition is a magnifier, and that men even through
its medium and the obscurity of half a century, like objects in a misty morning,
loom largely in the distance, yet with regard to Mr. Dulany, there is no room for
illusion. 'You may tell Hercules by foot,' says the proverb; and this truth is as
just when applied to the proportions of the mind, as to those of the body. The
legal arguments and opinions of Mr. Dulany that yet remain to us, bear the impress
of abilities too commanding, and of learning too profound, to admit of question.
Had we but these fragments, like the remains of splendor which linger around
some of the ruins of antiquity, they would be enough for admiration. Yet they fall
very short of furnishing just conceptions of the character and accomplish-
ments of his mind. We have higher attestations of these in the testimony of
contemporaries. For many years before the Revolution, he was regarded as

Pakagbaph 7. in) What did Lieut. James Booth Lockwood accomplish?

I'm'.agraph 8. (a) Who was Daniel Dulany? (6) t'an you name some of the leading events in
his history?

A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 143

an oracle of the law. It was the constant practice of the courts of the Province
to submit to his opinion every question of difficulty which came before them,
and so infallible, were his opinions considered, that he who hoped to reverse
them, was regarded as 'hoping against hope.' Nor was his professional reputa-
tion limited to the colony. I have been credibly informed that he was occa-
sionally consulted from England upon questions of magnitude, and that, in the
southern counties of Virginia, adjacent to Maryland, it was not unfrequent to
withdraw questions from their courts and even from the Chancellor of England, to
submit them to his award. Thus unrivalled in professional learning, according to
the representations of his cotemporaries, he added to it all the power of the orator,
the accomplishments of the scholar, to the graces of the person the suavity of the
gentleman. Mr. Pinkney himself, the wonder of the age, who saw hut the setting
splendor of Mr. Dulauy's talent, is reported to have said of him, that even amongst
such men as Fox, Pitt, and Sheridan, he had not found his superior. Whatever
were the errors of his course during the Eevolution, I have never heard them
ascribed, either to opposition to rights of America, or to a servile submission to
the views of the ministry ; and I have been credibly informed, that he adhered
throughout life, to the principles advanced by him in opposition to the Stamp Act.
The conjecture may be hazarded that had he not been thrown into collision with
the leaders of the Revolution in this State, by the proclamation controversy, and
thus involved in discussion with them, which excited high resentment on both sides
and kept him at a distance from them until the Revolution began, he would, most
probably, have been found by their side, in support of the measures that led it."
Mr. Dulany was Secretary of the Province when he conducted the famous contro-
versy with Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. He was also a member of the Upper
House under the proprietary government. The political differences of the Revolu-
tion survived its conclusion. Mr. Dulany held no public office after it, and the
brilliancy of his talents displayed alone in the forum of provincial courts, did not
shed its effulgence in national councils, and his fame, reflected from the humble
pedestal of State history, has not depicted to the nation the phenominal propor-
tions of his intellect. Such was the iron heel of public opinion upon the political
fortunes of a man, "whose opinions were thought to have moulded those of William
Pitt, by whom they were publicly noticed with great honor." These opinions,
(which were published October 14, 1765, and which looked to " a legal, orderly,
and prudent resentment " to be expressed against the Stamp Act " in a zealous and
vigorous industry,") widely prevailed in America. This course was urged until
that time might come, "when redress may be obtained." Mr. Dulany died in
Baltimore, March 19, 1797, aged 75 years and 8 months, and was buried in St.
Paul Cemetery, corner Lombard and Fremont streets, Baltimore. From Dulany's
pamphlet "Considerations," Pitt took his arguments to defend America in his great
speech in Parliament in 1766 for the repeal of the Stamp Act.

144 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTS.

THOMAS JOHNSON.

9. Thomas Johnson, born in Calvert County, made his fame and spent most of
his public life in Annapolis. He was a member of the Maryland Legislature ; then
of the First Continental Congress, and it was upon his suggestion made June 9th,
1775, and, on his nomination, proposed, June loth, 1775, that General Washington
was selected as the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental army. Johnson was
upon most of the important Committees of Congress, and his voice was oftener
heard in debate than that of any other member of Congress. He remained in
Congress until November 9th, 1776, when Congress appointed him a Brigadier
General of the Frederick militia, and he marched with them to the aid of Wash-
ington in the Jerseys. While in the field he was elected the first Governor of
Maryland chosen by the people. He was inaugurated March 27, 1777. He was
twice elected Governor, and during his administration many martial measures
were passed. When the Union had been established, President Washington offered
Mr. Johnson the office of Chief Justice of the United States. This honor Johnson
declined. The last public act of Gov. Johnson was to deliver in 1800 a eulogy upon
Washington. Gov. Johnson died in Frederick County, October 26, 1819, being
nearly 87 years of age.

WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY.

10. Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, U. S. N., who commanded the American
fleet at the naval battle off Santiago, is a citizen of Anue Arundel county. He holds
his citizenship iu the city of Annapolis, and, wdien he exercises the right of the
elective franchise, Admiral Schley casts his ballot in Annapolis.

SAMUEL CHASE,

11. Signer of the Declaration of Independence, became a resident of Annapolis
when he was in his eighteenth year. He often represented the city of Annapolis in
the Legislature, and was sent to Congress in 1774. He anticipated the Declaiation
of Independence, by declaring before its adoption, that " by the God of Heaven, he
owed no allegiance to the King of Great Britain." He was the most ardent of
patriots, and was called the "torch of the Revolution." His national fame was
begun at Annapolis, while he was a citizen of that place.

THOMAS BLADEN,

12. Proprietary Governor of Maryland, 1742-7, was the only colonial Governor
of Maryland born in America. He was born at Annapolis, in 1698, ami was the
son of William Bladen, who came to Maryland in 1690. He concluded a peace

Paragraph 9. (a) Give an account of Thomas Johnson ?

Paragraph 10. (a) Where is the legal residence of Admiral Winfield Scott Schley? (b) At what
important naval action was he in command?

Paragraph 11. (a) Of What place was Samuel Chase a resident? (6) Of what was he a
signer?

Paragraph 12. (a) Who was Thomas Bladen? (6) Where was he born?

A HISTORY OP ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 145

with Six Nations while lie was Governor, and began the building of McDowell
Hall, St. John's College, in 1744, as a Governor's residence. He left Annapolis
for England in 1747, and was the executor of Lord Baltimore's will. He repre-
sented several constituencies in the English Parliament, and attained considerable
reputation for his learning and polished manners. In 1731, he married Barbara,
daughter of Sir Thomas Jannses, Baronet of Wimbledon, Surrey, and sister-in-law
of Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore. Gov. Bladen died in England in 1780.

HENRY WINTER DAVIS,

13. One of the most brilliant of the many brilliant and accomplished orators
of Maryland, was born at Annapolis, on August 16, 1817. His father was the Rev.
Henry Lyon Davis, an Episcopal Clergyman, then Principal or President, as it is
now called, of St. John's College, and rector of St. Anne's Parish. On account of
his Federal politics, the father lost both of his offices, and the family left Annapolis
to return to Anne Arundel in 1827. It was in this historic county, with his fowling
piece on his shoulder, tramping through held and wood, burning much powder and
securing little game, that Henry Winter Davis learned those lessons that set his
heart against slavery. He declined to let his slaves be sold when they became his
at his father's death, and pursued, in consequence, a life of labor to support him-
self. He sold land, studied the law with its proceeds, and was admitted to the bar
in Alexandria, Va. He removed to Baltimore in 1850, and was elected a member
of Congress in 1854. He was re-elected to Congress in 1863. He died December
30, 1864. Although a strong Union man, in Congress he took the ground that
there should be no trial of citizens by courts-martial. It was a great battle, when
he and the great commoner and advocate of ruthless force, regardless of constitu-
tional law, Thaddeus Stevens, met in battle array on the floor of Congress on this
question in an amendment to the military bill that no part of the funds, voted the
Army, should be used to pay for courts-martial engaged in trying civilians. Henry
Winter Davis won by the close vote of 72 to 71.

He was the author of this splendid sentiment that " he who would compromise
a moral principle was a scoundrel, but that he who would not compromise a measure
of policy was a fool."

It was said of this splendid orator and accomplished lawyer that "with a
thorough mastery of the subject under discussion, he always commanded the atten-
tion of the House, by his strictly logical reasoning, his array of facts, his knowledge
of constitutional law, the chaste but fervid eloquence of his diction, the strength
and melody of his voice, and his commanding presence."

The author saw Henry Winter Davis once. It was when he was making his
fierce fight for the prevention of the trial of civilians by courts-martial. That one
opportunity to hear the voice and to see the handsome face and figure of Henry
Winter Davis is a gratification that will continue as long as memory lasts.

Paragraph 13. (a) Who was Henry Winter Davis? (b) Where was he born?
11

146 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTS.

CHAPTER FORTY-FIFTH.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, AND ANCIENT LANDMARKS.

THEEE GUBERNATORIAL RESIDENCES.

1. Annapolis contains three houses that have served, or were intended to serve,
as the residences of the Govern* »rs < if Maryland. The earliest built is that now owned
by Mrs. Francis T. Marchand, formerly the residence of Judge A. B. Hagner, No.
83 Prince George street. The house is a well preserved evidence of the taste and
solidity of the architecture of that interesting period. To this house a few years
since, an addition was made on the right wing. The outlines and proportions of
the ancient building are easily discerned. This building belonged to Major Edward
Dorsey, and was occupied bj Governor Francis Nicholson, who was the Execu-
tive of the province from 1094 to 1709. The exact date of the erection of the
building is not known. This house is most probably the one that was occupied for
the sitting of the Legislature after the burning of the State House in 1704.

The next in age is McDowell Hall, St. John's College. In 1744, the College
Green, containing four acres of land, was conveyed by Stephen Boardley to Thomas
Bladen, Governor of Maryland, who projected the main and central building, as a
palatial residence for the Governors of Maryland. Its site, the commodious grounds
and the spacious building conspired to make the mansion a desirable and a- princely
public residence. Mr. Duff, the architect, came from Scotland to superintend the
construction of the building; materials of every kind were provided in a most
liberal spirit, and the edifice was nearly finished in a style of magnificence, suitable
to the prosperity and enterprise of the province, when a disagreement took place
between the Governor and the Legislature, that reached such a fervor, that, at a
period, when a nominal sum would have made it a fitting mansion for tin- executives
of Maryland, all work was stopped, and it remained until 1784, "a melancholy and
mouldering monument " of the result of political dissensions. It appropriately
received the cognomen of "Bladen's Folly."

By chapter 37, 1784, this property was voted by the State to St. John's Col-
lege, provided the College was established at Annapolis.

The third gubernatorial mansion is the one now occupied by the Governor as
his residence.

The Act of 1866, chapter 46. provided for the purchase of a site for, and the
erection of, a Gubernatorial Mansion. The Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer,
Thomas Swann being Governor, were authorized to have this work executed. One
hundred thousand dollars were appropriated. The site selected was a quintangular

Paragraph 1. (a) Can you name the three houses that still stand that have been used, or
projected for the residences "f the Governors of Maryland?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 147

lot, fronting on State House Circle, College Avenue, (Tabernacle street), Church
Circle, Lawyer and North streets.

To make room for the present Governor's mansion, two fine old colonial resi-
dences had to be torn down. One was the house of the late George E. Franklin,
and the other of Mrs. Green. The last house was formerly the residence of Absalom
Ridgely, and of his son Dr. John Ridgely, who was surgeon on the United States
Ship Phildelphia when it was captured in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804. This
house was built by Gen. Geo. H. Stewart's grandfather.

The lot and building of the new executive mansion cost $69,296.28, over the
appropriation which the Legislature was called upon to meet. The Legislature
investigated the matter and made a detailed report of the expense, but a wise and
friendly state printer neglected to bind the report among public documents of the
session, and this interesting statement is therefore lost to history and posterity.

FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

2. The first trustees of the Methodist Congregation of Annapolis, of whom
there is any record, were Absalom Ridgely, Joseph Evans, George Wells and John
Miller. When the church was incorporated in 1833, all of the original trustees
were dead, stive Joseph Evans, who then was no longer a member of the church.

The first church of Methodism stood near the site of the present Record
office, on the State House Hill. The circle did not extend as far then as it does
now. The church was a frame building, and was known as " the old Blue Church,"
so designated from its color. It had a stairway on the outside, up which the
colored part of the congregation went to the gallery set apart for them. After it
ceased to be used as a church, it became a school-house.

When the Methodists became a corporate body in 1833, the following were the
trustees : Nicholas J. Watkins, Basil Shephard, Louis Gassaway, George McNeir,
Thomas G. Waters, Grafton Munroe, Andrew Slicer and Philip Clayton.

The second church in which the Methodists worshipped was built about 1K20-
It was a neat brick building, with pressed brick front, and remained until 1859,
when the present church was built on the same site. It was in this second church
that Gen. LaFayette attended divine service in Annapolis, 1824.

The building committee of the present church were J. Wesley White, James
Andrews and James Munroe. The committee on funds : J. Wesley White, Joshua
Brown, Philip Clayton, Edward Hopkins, Soloman Philips, Isaac Brewer, James
Andrews. R. R. Goodman and James Munroe.

The congregation as early as 1834 bought a parsonage on Cornhill street, on
the north side near the corner. It was burnt down about 1851. The present
parsonage was built in 1852.

Paragraph 2. (a) What is the date of the first articles of incorporation of the First Methodist
Church?

148 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

3. The first Presbyterian church of Annapolis was organized May 2, 18-46, by
Rev. Dr. Laurie and the Rev. Mr. Dunlop, members of the congregation appointed
by the Presbytery of Baltimore for that duty. The elders elected at that time were
Prof. A. N. Girault and Dr. John Ridout.

On the 25th of July, 1846, the corner-stone of the church edifice was laid by
Rev. Thomas Peck, D. D, at the same time an address was delivered by him at the
Assembly Rooms.

On the 11th of July. 1847, the church was dedicated, George W. Musgrave,
D. D., preaching the sermon. On the same day, the first pastor, Rev. Charles H.
Ewing, was installed.

The following succeeded Mr. Ewing as pastors : Rev. J. J. Graff, 18-49 to
1861 ; Rev. J. M. Patterson, from 1861 to 1866 ; Rev. J. J. Henderson, from 1867
to 1875; Rev. H. O. Gibbons, from 1876 to 1881. Rev. Robt. H. Williams was
installed pastor in October, 1882. Rev. Geo. S. Bell is now the pastor.

ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH.

4. The present Catholic church was erected in 1858, when the Rev. Father
Michael Miller was pastor.

The first Catholic Church was erected on the site of St. Mary's Parochial
School. It was built mainly through the instrumentality of the venerable Charles
Carroll, of Carrollton, during the later period of his life, probably somewhere about
1830. It was torn down a few years since on account of its unsafe condition. Near
the parochial school is a house that was formerly used as the residence of the
Catholic clergymen. It is one of a row of buildings that previously stood there,
then known as "MacXamara's row," and this house is said to be one of the oldest
in the city. MacXamara was one of the earliest to have his lot surveyed when the
town was re-surveyed in 1718.

The property, now owned by the Redemptorist Order, formerly belonged to
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and was donated to this religious body by the descend-
ants of this illustrious patriot.

WESLEY CHAPEL

■~>. Was erected in 1870. It was the first church built by its congregation.
The building committee were Joseph S. M. Basil, J. Wesley Robinson and Josiah
Russell. The pastor in charge was J. H. Swope. This congregation is now known
as the Maryland Avenue Church, and owns a fine brick edifice.

Paragraph 3. (a) When was the first Presbyterian Church organized in Annapolis?
Paragraph 1. no When was the present Catholic Church erected?

Paragraph 5. ini When was the Brst church built by the present congregation of the Mary-
land Avenue Methodist Church?

Bancroft Hall, Quarters of the Midshipmen, l'. S. Naval Academy.

Northwest View of Naval Academy and St. John's College.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 14!)

ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH.

6. St. Martin's Evangelical Lutheran Church was founded April 6, 1874. On
June 7, 1875, the corner-stone of the church was laid. The building committee of
the church was : M. R. Casler, Henry Kaiser, John Dressel, Jerry W. Kaliney, and
John Steip. The trustees of 1886 were : Christian Boessell, Martin M. Smith,
William Haller, Henry Matzen, Frederick Vollmer, and Charles Ziehlke.

ASBURY M. E. CHURCH, (Colored Congregation.)

7. This church was built in 1803. The trustees were John Wheeler, George
Martin, Saml. Hackney, Matthias Robertson, Francis Tray, John Forty. The
church was rebuilt in 1838, and at that time was connected with the Baltimore
Conference. The trustees in 1886 were Thomas Jones, Louis Lomack, David
Johnson, Benj. Little, Wiley Bates, Joseph Pinkney, Arson Tyler, and Henry
Hebron. The pastor was Rev. Alexander Denuis.

MOUNT MORIAH CHURCH, (Colored Congregation),
Was built in 1874 under the pastorage of Rev. Jonathan Hamilton.

THE BALL ROOM

8. Is the same building that Eddis described in 1770. It was erected about
1765. One room is now used for the meeting of the City Council, other apartments
for balls and social gatherings, and one portion as the department headquarters.
The supper room was formerly the revenue office of the province. During the
erection of the present State House, the Legislature met in the Ball Room. AVash-
ington has danced in the room.

THE OLD CITY HALL

9. Is the house now occupied by Ridout & Bro. It ^vas used formerly as a
place of meeting of the corporation, and as a fire engine house.

THE CITY HOTEL

10. Was originally the residence of Mr. Lloyd Dulany. That part was two
stories high and in it is the room occupied by Gen. Washington, the night before
he resigned his military commission. A new building of three stories was added
afterward, and, about 1830 v the buildings, from the large one on Conduit street to
the corner of Conduit street and Duke of Gloucester, were erected. The first
proprietor of it as a hotel was Col. Mann. This was during the Revolutionary

Paragraph 6. (a) When was St. Martin's Church founded?

Paragraph 7. (o) When did the colored Methodist congregations of Annapolis build their
churches?

Paragraph 8. (a) Describe the Ball Room?

Paragraph 9. (a) What building was the Old City Hall?

Paragraph 10. (a) Give a description of the Old City Hotel?

150 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

period, and it was known as Mann's Hotel. Then William Caton became proprie-
tor, and it was Caton's Hotel and City Tavern. Messrs. Iglehart and Swann were
afterward proprietors. Then Col. John Walton. Next Col. Morse. The property
afterward passed into the hands of William H. Gorman and Luther F. Colton.

THE CHASE MANSION.

11. The house on the north side of Maryland Avenue, corner of King George,
built in 1770, by Judge Samuel Chase, (known in the family as Judge Samuel
Chase, the Signer, ) has been described as " probably the most stately house in
Annapolis, being the only colonial residence which is three stories high. The main
feature of the house is its hall of entrance opening on a lofty porch and extending
through the house from front to back, a distance of over forty-five feet, and being
over fourteen feet wide, the large double front door being arched with glass
transom and a window on each side. The stairway, opposite the front door, begins
with a single flight of steps, and, rising to nearly half the height of the stairway,
ends with a platform from which a flight of steps on each side diverges, ascending
to a gallery which is supported by Ionic pillars. Above the first platform of the
staircase rises a triple window, the central of which is arched and the whole is of
magnificent proportions, reminding one of some ancient church. At each end of
the gallery above is an arched door with glass transoine. Opening on this gallery
from the front, is the door of an apartment, and on each side of the door a niche
intended for statuary. The dining room is handsomely ornamented in carved wood,
and the marble mantlepiece of this room represents a scene from Shakespeare in
sculpture." It was intended to have had wings upon this house, but it was sold
before being finished, to Governor Lloyd, who was the executive of the State from
1S( 19 to 1811. Mr. Henry Harwood, his son-in-law, bought the house from Gov.
Lloyd. It was afterwards purchased by Captain Edward Gibson, U. S. N. The
next purchaser was Miss Hester Ann Chase, who bought it in 1847. She was the
daughter of Jeremiah T. Chase. It then became in the possession of Mrs. Hester
Ann Chase Ridout, grand-daugher of Samuel Chase and Jeremiah T. Chase. It is
now the "Chase Home."

THE HARWOOD RESIDENCE.

12. The house with wings, on the south side of Maryland avenue, at the inter-
section of King George, was designed by Mr. Buckland, architect, for Mr. William
Hammond, a famous Annapolis lawyer, of ye olden times. It was built between
the years 1770 and 1780. It was first occupied by Jeremiah Townley Chase,
Chief Justice of Maryland in 1781, and was unfinished when he went into it. The
house is of brick, with stone foundation, some of the foundation walls being five
feet thick. The house is handsomely decorated with carved wood. The parlor, a
room nineteen by twenty-seven, has a carved wainscoat surrounding the room, and

Paragraph 11. (a) What is known as the Chase Mansion?
Paragraph 12. no Whore is the Harwood residence?

A HISTORY OP ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 151

the mantel piece, window and door frames, shutters, and doors are carved in
arabesque, and it is said to be the handsomest specimen of its kind in Maryland.
In 1811, the house was purchased, together with the ground extending from King-
George street to Prince George street, by Chief Justice Chase for his oldest
daughter, Frances Townley, wife of Richard Lockerman. The garden was designed
by Mrs. F. T. Lockerman, and was laid off under her direction, and the box walk
was planted by herself. The outside corridor of the south wing was added by the
family', and many interior improvements have been made. The house was then
occupied by William Harwood and family, Mrs. Harwood being a grand-daughter
of Judge Jeremiah T. Chase. Mr. Hammond, for whom the house was built, it is
said, was engaged to be married to a lady, and he went to Philadelphia to get his
furniture, but the engagement was broken ott' and he lived a bachelor. It is now
the property of Miss Lucy Harwood.

THE OGLE HOUSE.

13. The house, on the corner of King George street and College avenue, now
owned by Mrs. Theodoric Porter, formerly the residence of Gov. Thos. G. Pratt,
was built by Gov. Samuel Ogle, who was Governor at three different periods — first
in 1732, and the third time in 1746 and '17.

THE PACA DWELLING.

14. The house on the northeast side of Prince George street, near East street,
once owned by Mrs. Richard Stone, was built by Governor Paca, who was Governor
in 1782. Arthur Scha.ff purchased the house from the Governor. Louis Neth
became owner after Mr. Schaff. About 1847, Chancellor Theodoric Bland lived
there, but was not the owner of it.

The garden of the mansion perhaps, more than any other spot, indicated the
delightful life of Annapolis a century ago. The spring house, the expanse of trees
and shrubbery, the octagonal two-story summer house, that represented "My lady's
bower," the artificial brook, fed by two springs of water, that went rippling along
to the bath house that refreshed in the sultry days, and gave delight to the occu-
pants, form a picture tradition loves to dwell upon to this day. The Paca dwelling
is now part of the Carvel House.

THE IGLEHART HOUSE.

15. The dwelling, now occupied by Mrs. William T. Iglehart, was owned by
Thomas Jennings, barrister, who also lived there. He it was who built the house
on East street, now owned by ex-Mayor Thomas E. Martin, for his daughter, Mrs.
James Brice. Apropos of this daughter, she was noted for entertaining her guests
with a famous kind of cake, called Naples biscuit, the recipe for which has come

Paragraph 13. (a) Where is the Ogle House?
Paragraph 14. («) Describe the Paca Dwelling?
Paragraph 15. (a) Which is the Iglehart Mansion?

152 A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY.

down to this generation. Mr. William T. Iglehart purchased the Jennings' house
from John T. Barber's estate about 1S70, removed a wiiig of the house, and
improved its appearance, but did not alter the architecture of the main building.

AUNT LUCY SMITH'S HOUSE.

l<i. The old house, on the northeast side of Prince George street, adjoining the
Protestant Episcopal Chapel, is an interrogation to every passer by. Its exact date
is lost in the misty clouds of age, but its appearance and ancient architecture mark
it as one of the oldest houses in venerable Annapolis. Part of its history has been
preserved. Many years ago there lived in it an ancient colored dame, known as
Aunt Lucy Smith. She was a famous cook who served to good account on State
occasions the grand dames of the former regime. At other times she supplied
from her house or from her on the street, the choice morsels that her art divined in
the kitchen. John Smith, her husband, kept a livery stable in the rear of the house,
a business John's lineal descendants continue to a late date in Baltimore.

THE PINKNEY HOUSE.

17. The Pinkney House, formerly on College avenue and Bladen street, was
built by John Callahan, register of the Land Office. It is one of the oldest houses
of our city. It is now owned by Miss Pinkney, a relative of the celebrated
William Pinkney. It was removed when the present Court of Appeals was built
in 1901, bodily from its former to its present site, on St. John's street.

OTHER ANCIENT HOUSES.

18. The property now owned by Charles S. Welch, Esq., on Hanover street,
was built in 1763, and was at one time the residence of Anthony Stewart, the owner
of the famous brig Peggy Stewart.

The main residence of Mrs. Alex. Randall, situated in the five-sided lot, oppo-
site the State House, is one of the most ancient buildings of the city. It is known
positively to have been in existence in 1752, and very probably in 1737. In this
house Reverdy Johnson was born.

The house on the northwest of Market Space and Randall street, is an ancient
building erected by John Randall, grandfather of J. Wirt Randall.

The house occupied by Ex-Mayor Thomas E. Martin, on East street, near
Prince George's, is also one of the landmarks of our early history. It was erected
by Mr. Edmund Jennings for his son-in-law, one of the Brices.

The three houses at the lower end of Duke of Gloucester street, now occupied
by John R. Magruder, Lieut. Albert Ross and Eugene Worthington and sister
were built by John Ridout, great grandfather of Dr. Wm. G. Ridout. He also

Paragraph lG. on Where is Aunt Lucy Smith's House? (6) What is its history'

Parage aph 17. (a) Where is the Pinkney House?

Paragraph is. (a) Name some of the other ancient houses In Annapolis?

r hi

IV*mMr>Bi

few

An Officer of the U. S. Marine Corps.

A Midshipman of the U. S. Naval Academy.

White Hall, built by Gov. Horatio Sharpe, during his administration, who
was Governor of Maryland, from 1753 to 1769.

A HISTORY OF ANSI'. ARUNDEL COUNTY. 153

lmilt the residence of Dr. Wm. G. Ridout. The first three were built respectively
for Mr. Ridout's children : Horace and Samuel Ridout and Mrs. Gibson. Tliis
John Ridout was the first of the Ridouts in this country.

Mrs. Nicholas Carroll was Miss Ann Jennings, daughter of Mr. Thomas
Jennings, the great lawyer. They lived in the house now used as the Annapolis
High School Building. This house was altered during the ownership of Frank
H. Stockett, and also since it has been a public school building.

'THE LIBERTY TREE."

19. The earliest tradition, handed down to us of the imperial poplar that adorns
the College Campus, is that it served as the canopy under which the colonists and
Indians made a treaty of peace. As history records only one document of this kind
signed here, this treaty must have been the one agreed between the colonists and
the sturdy Susquehannocks in 1652.

The next public use of it we find in Eddis' Letters was when the inhabitants
assembled under it to determine whether, or not, persons who had not joined the
association of patriots should be driven out of the colony.

In 1825, Gen. LaFayettee was entertained under it, and after that there are
frequent mentions in the Maryland Gazette of Fourth of July celebrations taking
place under its ample shade.

About 1840, several youths were playing under this tree with that very danger-
ous, but frequent adjunct of juvenile sports — gunpowder. They had about two
pounds of it. They placed it in the hollow of the tree, where it was ignited and
exploded, setting fire to the grand old tree. The citizens of Annapolis repaired in
force for its rescue, the firemen bringing out the city engine and deluging the tree
with water. The boys' escapade was, no doubt, greatly denounced ; but the juve-
niles had done better than their denouncers thought or the juveniles intended. The
tree had fallen into a state of decay that threatened its life. The next year it put
forth its branches with its youth renewed. The explosion had destroyed the worms
that were gnawing away its vitals !

How long this monarch of a primeval forest has existed, none can tell. An
octogenarian told me he remembers it in 1812 — and it seemed as large then as now.
If in 1652, it was of such imposing growth that it was selected as the scene of so
important an event as the making of a treaty of peace by the Puritans with their
savage foes, may we not infer it lived before Columbus saw America? On the 30th
of July, 1886, it was, two feet from the ground, twenty-nine feet, four inches in
cii'cumference, and stood about 150 feet high. One-third of the trunk is gone, and
it is now boarded up. The body of the tree is a mere shell — a marvel how its life
can be maintained and thousands of tulips bloom on its branches in their season.

Its identity with Eddis' Liberty Tree is preserved to us alone by tradition", but
its use and size corroborate the truth of oral testimony.

Paragraph 19. (a) Give an account of the Liberty Tree?

154 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

WHITE HALL.

20. White Hall was built by Gov. Horatio Sharpe, daring his administration,
who was Governor of Maryland, from 1753 to 1769. It is beautifully situated on
a point of land making out into the Chesapeake Bay, locally known as White Hall
Bay. White Hall Creek bounds it on the west side and Meredith's Creek on the
east. It is a peninsula of good, level land. The tract originally contained about a
thousand acres. The house, still in excellent preservation, is built after the plan of
an ancient castle, and when first seen looks as if an Enrojjean villa had arisen sud-
denly by the touch of Aladdin's lamp from the ground, so entirely out of keeping
is it with the modern buildings in that section. It is about seven miles from
Annapolis. The house has hand carving throughout its entire structure, and the
tradition is that a transported convict, executed the work with the promise, that,
when finished, he should have his freedom. On the breaking out of the Revolu-
tion, Governor Sharpe went to England and left this handsome estate to his private
secretary, John Ridout, and it continued in the Ridout family until 1896, when the
house and a small part of the land weie sold to Mrs. J. P. Story, of Washington,
wife of Captain Story of the United States Army.

PRIMROSE.

21. Primrose, or Primrose Hill, lies about two miles from Annapolis, on the
beautiful Spa. It is a fine specimen of the old colonial residences that adorned
Anne Arundel. When it was built is unknown, but it was once in the possession
of Richard Young, who was clerk of Calvert County, in 1740. He and his wife,
Rebecca, daughter of Thomas and Barbara Holdsworth of Calvert County, resided
there.

THE WELCH MANSION.

22. This is the ancient residence at Londontown, now occupied as the County
Alms House, and was built, tradition in the Welch family of Anne Arundel says,
by one of its members.

OTHER ANCIENT BUILDINGS.

23. Jonas Greens residence, where he printed the Maryland Gazette, remains
on Charles street, Annapolis. It is now occupied by his descendants.

Opposite the Green residence is the former home of William Pinkney, now
occupied by Dr. George Wells. On West street, once called Cowpen Lane, stands
a house, part of which now occupied in part by Mrs. Wm. H. Gassaway, that was
once a tavern kept by Mrs. McCloud, and was afterward the site of a circulating
library kept by William Rind. Allen Quinn then became the owner, then Thomas
Harris, and finally Chancellor John Johnson, who remodelled it.

The house opposite, owned by the McParlin family, was once known as
"Hunter's Tavern."

Paragraph 20. (a) Where is White Hall?

Paragraph 21. (a) Where is Primrose?

Paragraph 22. an Where is the Welch Mansion?

Paragraph 23. (a) What other ancient buildings are in Annapolis?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 155

CHAPTER FORTY-SIXTH.

THE LOST LANDMARKS OF ANNE ARUNDEL.

1. As the ancient monuments of the olden days that still remain, give
Annapolis and Anne Arundel much of the interest that strangers and citizens feel
in their honorable history, in that spirit, the antiquarian and the historian deplore
the loss, by time, fire and the march of material improvement, real or visionary, of
man}' of the landmarks that have made memorable the history of the county.
Amongst these is all trace of The Ridge where the Legislature met in 1683 ; of
Harrington near West River; the old grist mill on the head of Broad Creek, South
River, and the Fulling Mill, on Fulling Creek, South River, where the cloth was
woven for the slaves of the Plantation for the ancient negroes. All the wind-mills
of the county have disappeared save one, on West River, owned and operated by
Thomas Mullen, a colored man. When there is grist to grind and the wind favora-
ble, its great wings may be seen turning cheerily around grinding food for man and
beast. Fifty years ago there remained one of these wind-mills in Annapolis,
located on Franklin Hill, another on the Bay shore near Magothy River, and yet
another on the banks of the Chesapeake, near Fair Haven. A stone mill, before
the Revolutionary War, stood on Windmill Point, near where Fort Severn is located,
which, in those ancient days, astonished the Annapolitans, by grinding out in one
hour, the wonderful amount of eight bushels of grain !

2. The City of Annapolis has lost many of its splendid monuments of its illus-
trious past. One of these was the residence of the celebrated Daniel Dulany.
This was located in the Naval Academy, and was pulled down in 1883. It stood on
the site of Bancroft Hall. This colonial building was erected by John Duff, an
architect, who settled in the country in 1728. It was occupied by the Dulany
family from 1753 to 1808. It was then transferred to the War Department as part
of the grounds of Fort Severn, and became the residence of the Commander of the
Fort. When the Naval Academy was located at Annapolis, it was occupied as the
home of the Superintendent of the institution. Another house destroyed by the
march of improvement, was a fine colonial residence, situated on the brow of
the hill opposite the State House, where School street and the State Circle join.
This was built by William Steuart, grandfather of the late Gen. George H. Steuart,
and was successively owned and occupied by Absalom Ridgely, a colonial merchant,
and afterward by his son, Dr. John Ridgely, of the United States Navy. It was
torn down in 1867, to make room for the present Governor's Mansion.

Paragraph 1. (a) Name some of the ancient landmarks that have disappeared in Anne
Arundel?

Paragkaph 2. (o) Name some of the landmarks that have been destroyed in Annapolis?

156 A HIKTOIiY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY.

3. Annapolis has lost two of its Gubernatorial Residences. The first was
located on what is now known as Hyde's Alley. Tradition hands it down as the
residence of Gov. Nicholson, the first Governor to live in Annapolis. The records
support this tradition, as Gov. Nicholson owned land in this locality. It was a long
frame house, two-stories high, and was quite ambitious in architectural features for
the period of its erection. The second-story was made by the old hip-roof of
ancient days. It, in later times, became the property of Nicholas Brewer, Sr., and
was, at one time, occupied by his daughter, Mrs. Richard Ridgely. This house was
pulled down about a quarter of a century ago. The second Governor's house that
has been pulled down was within the present limits of the Naval Academy, and
was, for a long time, the Library Building of that institution. This was the resi-
dence of the Governors of Maryland from 1753, beginning with Gov. Horatio
Sharpe, down to 1867, ending with Gov. Thomas Swann. It was an elegant build-
ing, and had many illustrious legends connected with it. Thomas Johnson, who
nominated Washington as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Armies, we may
conclude, lived there, as he was for two years Governor of Maryland, and Wash-
ington had been himself the guest of Gov. Eden in this Mansion when yet Mary-
land was a colony of England. The first trace of ownership of this house is found
in a deed, of June 1st, 1730, from Joshua George, of Cecil county, to Anasa, wife of
Edmund Jennings. Gov. Sharpe rented the house, and Gov. Eden purchased it
about 1768, and sent workmen from England to repair it. Governor Eden built
the wings and the long-room. There are some living in Annapolis still who will
readily recognize Mr. David Ridgely's description of it as it appeared in 1840 :

" This edifice has a handsome court and garden, extending, with the exception
of an intervening lot, to water's edge. From the portico, looking to the garden, a
fine prospect regales the vision. The building consists of two stories, and presents
an extensive front ; there are on the lower floor a large room on each side of the
hall as you enter ; and several smaller ones ; the saloon, on the same floor, is nearly
the length of the house. On each side of the edifice are commodious kitchens,
carriage-house, and stables, with spacious lots. Towards the water, the building
rises in the middle in a turreted shape. It stands detached from other structures,
and is altogether a delightful and suitable mansion for the chief magistrate of our
State."

By Act 1866, Chap. 46, this house and grounds were sold to the United States
Government for an addition to the Naval Academy.

4. Another colonial building was destroyed by fire in 1847. It was located on
King George Street, Annapolis, and was the residence of Jeremiah T. Chase. The
grounds on wdiich it was located are now included within the boundaries of the
Naval Academy. On Sunday, January 28th, 1800, a large and commodious build-
ing, used as the Alms House, was burned. Recently, a small brick building, located

Paragraph 3. (a) How many Gubernatorial residences has Annapolis lost? (b) Can you
name where they stood? (c) Describe the one that was located in the Naval Academy grounds?
Paragraph 4. fa) What colonial building was destroyed by fire in 1747? (b) What in 1800?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 157

on Duke of Gloucester street, near St. Mary's Parochial School, was torn clown.
It was part of McNamara's row, and was one of the most ancient houses in
Annapolis. A large blockmaker's establishment once stood on the northwest corner
of Green street. There were also several large frame buildings on e;ich side of
Hanover street, now within the Naval Academy grounds, "as also," says Mr.
Ridgely, " opposite the present ball-room. These were said to have belonged to
the neutral French (Acadians), and was occupied by them during the war between
the French and English colonies ; they were also used as hospitals during our
Revolution. Soon after that period thej- were pulled down on account of their
dilapidated condition." "On the side," continues the author just quoted, " of Mrs.
Bowie's residence, in Church street, formerly stood the 'Three Blue Ball' Tavern,
which was kept by Mr. John Ball. This was the property of Mr. Stephen West,
who remitted money in his own name, called ' Stephen West's money ' The old
Coffee House, pulled down a few years since and once the residence of Dr. Dennis
Claude, was erected by Stephen West. In this house the French officers during
the Revolution were entertained, and on its wooden mantel-pieces some of them
carved their names. These mantels adorn a house in Annapolis. The Coffee House
was located on Church street, opposite Chancery lane.

5. The house in which the cashier of the Farmers National Bank of Annapolis
now resides, was formerly a tavern kept by William Reynolds. This house has
survived the changes of time. Near it was a cpmint old building with a hip-roofe,
that was pulled down within the last half century. Here was a stocking factory
conducted by John Bail and Benjamin Beall. On Hyde Alley was a long low brick
building that was used as a printing office, and, on the southeast corner of the
Dock, stood a brick mill, yet in the recollection of many. This mill was the
property of Jeremiah T. Hughes, editor of the Maryland Republican, and a very
enterprising citizen. The first market-house was built in Annapolis in 1716, and
was located near the State House hill.

CHAPTER FORTY-SEVENTH.

THE ANCIENT BELIEF IN WITCHES AND APPARITIONS.

1. In the early days of the colony of Maryland a general belief in witches and
apparitions was prevalent, although this credence, given to the unnatural, did not
lead to the excesses that obtained elsewhere in the American plantations. One case

(c) Where did the Old Coffee House stand? (d) Who were entertained in the Coffee House during
the Revolutionary War? (e) Where were the Acadians located?
Paragraph 5. (a) Where was Reynolds Tavern?

Paragraph 1. (a) What was the general belief in the early days? (6) Give a noted example
of this belief?

158 A HISTORY OF AXNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

only, it appears, is recorded of an execution in Maryland for witchcraft. That there
was a healthy reserve sentiment that the death penalty for alleged witchcraft was
not to be inflicted, may be inferred from the mercy extended to John Cowman, who
was, in 1674-5, convicted at St. Mary's " upon the statute of the first of King
James, of England, &c, for Witchcraft, Conjuration, Sorcery, or Enchantment used
upon the Body of Elizabeth Goodale." He asked for a reprieve and stay of execu-
tion. The Lower House of Assembly sent the petition, to the Governor, who, at
the request of the Lower House, reprieved the condemned and stayed the execution,
" Provided, that the Sheriff of St. Mary's County carry him to the Gallows, and
that the rope being about his neck, it be there be made known to him how much he
is Beholding to the Lower House of Assembly for Mediating and Interceding in his
Behalf with the Lieut. General, and that he remain at the City of St. Maries to be
Employed in Such Services as the Governour and the Council shall think fitt during
the Pleasure of the Governor."

2. As late as the middle of the eighteenth century, the belief in the marvellous
continued in this section. In its date of June 3, 1746, the Maryland Gazette, of
Annapolis, published this item: — "The following article, having been transmitted
with a desire to have it inserted in this paper, it is, therefore, without any altera-
tion, submitted to the judgment of the people :

"'On Saturday, May 24, 1746, two men of repute, fishing oft' Kent Island'
about four o'clock in the afternoon, the weather clear and calm, they saw, to their
surprise, at a small distance, a man about five feet high, walking by them on the
water, as if on dry laud. He crossed over from Kent to Talbot county about the
distance of four miles.'' If these men "of repute," saw this strange spectacle, it
is now known that reflections from the clouds sometimes repeat, as seen by " the
phantom " ship shown some years since on the bay, a natural scene in an unnatural
way, and readily deceive those who give credence to ghostly appearances, into
believing that they have seen something unnatural when it is merely a physical
phenomenon.

3. When Kirkwell and Blackwell, ship-builders, of Annapolis, a century and a
half ago, attempted to launch the staunch brig Lovely Nancy, the annalist of the
times tells us, that when " she was on the stocks, and the day appointed to place
her on her destined element, a large concourse of persons assembled to witness the
launch, among whom was an old white woman named Sarah McDonald, who pro-
fessed fortune telling, and was called a 'witch.' She was heard to remark, 'The
Lovely Nancy will not see water to-day.' The brig moved finely at first, and, when
expectation was at its height to see her glide into the water, she suddenly stopped,
and could not be again moved on that day. This occurrence created much excite-
ment amongst the spectators ; and Captain Slade and the sailors were so fully per-
suaded that she had been 'bewitched,' that they resolved to duck the old' woman.
In the meantime she had disappeared from the crowd ; they kept up the search for
two or three days, .during which time she lay concealed in a house." The Lovely

Paragraph 2. (o) How late did this belief in the marvellous continue?

Paragraph 3. (a) What incident occurred at the launching of the Lovely Nancy? (b) How
did Captain Slade and the sailors view it?

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 159

Nancy did afterwards leave the stocks, and, it is reported, that she made several
prosperous voyages.

4. The most miraculous performances and sensational powers were credited to
those who possessed the art of witchcraft, distance being annihilated and labor
dispensed with. Witches were credited with going from place to place in an
incredible space of time, and one of their performances ignored entirely the
laborious art of milking. The witch merely hung a towel out of her door at night,
and, in the morning, she would wring from it the products of the dairy which had
been during the night, in some occult manner, mysteriously extracted from the
udders of her neighbor's cows, to the great detriment of the health of the cow who
had been milked in this wonderful manner. Another witch was reported to have
performed the marvellous feat of putting her hand through a window and of pulling
her victim's hair without breaking the pane of glass.

5. Although the spread of education and the increase of intelligence, and the
development of science has made belief in witchcraft, an absurdity in the minds of
people generally, and has -eradicated any common belief in the supernatural, yet
there are a few in these later times who believe in the unnatural. Twenty-five years
ago there was an eccentric character in Annapolis by the name of Thomas Murdock,
whose "favorite phantom" was the making and applying of certain washes to wood
and stone, the basal property of which was lime. His famous white-wash, he
alleged, had such a penetrating power, that, as soon as the moistened brush touched
even a granite boulder, the liquid went straight to the centre of the rock. Murdock
was a firm believer in witches. White washing the cells of the great Brice Mansion
one day, Murdock relates that he saw a stone behind which he knew there was
money. He pulled out the door to the treasure-trove, and was convinced that he
was on the path of the hidden wealth, when a spider, with a head as large as two
double fists, came forth. Murdock allegesthat he struck the deadly insect with the
handle of his brush, and the huge spider bit off the end of the pole as nonchantly as
though it were taking a quid of the weed. This extraordinary power, concluded
Murdock, convinced him, that "the money was not for me, and I left."

In Murdock's day these recitals brought on him boisterous ridicule, for people
were now too enlightened to be more than amused at such narratives.

6. Annapolis has had numerous miraculous traditions lingering about its
ancient streets and stately mansions. One that has survived and still has believers
in the verity of its vital character and existence is that of the "Headless Man,"
seen sometimes, the credulous and deceived alleged wandering along the shores,
walking on the water, or inhabiting the streets of "the ancient city."

Mr. Thomas D. Chaney, of Eastport, just opposite Annapolis, still relates
with dramatic effect his experience with this strange traditional character, which
occurred nearly a quarter of a century ago. Mr. Chaney was then seventeen years

Paragbaph 4. (a) What powers were accredited to those who possessed the art of witchcraft?

Paragraph 5. (a) Notwithstanding the spread of education and the growth of intelligence
what is the belief of a few?

Paragraph 6. (o.) What town has many miraculous traditions lingering about its ancient
streets and stately mansions?

L60 A. HISTORY 01 ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

old. It was in the fall of the year, when the October moon was full and shone
with the brightness of a clear, unclouded night. The youth and the father, who
were fishermen, had been engaged until near midnight arranging and packing their
fish in the Annapolis Market. Shortly before finishing their work the father sent
the son ahead to his home at Eastport, about a half-mile distant. Chaney started,
and going down Compromise Street, at its foot took the shore line, along the priests'
property, to the Spa Bridge. Reaching the bridge, Chaney stooped down to go
under the rail in the opening left there for foot passengers using the shore path.
As Chaney raised up upon the bridge, he saw under the street lamp, near the brow
of the hill, about a hundred yards distant, a man advancing. Thinking it was a
friend, Chaney halted that the two might cross the 1 nidge together. When the
man. who was a tall person, dressed in black, reached a point distant about thirty
feet from Chancy, he states he was surprised to find that the newcomer had no head.
Instinctively Mr. Chancy was on the defensive against such an uncanny intruder
upon his company : but he had no weapon, even if it could be used against a
creature who could live, move and have his being without the important organ of
the head. Mr. Chancy was even deprived of going to the street to arm himself
with a stone, for the headless man stood in the way. Mr. Chaney concluded to
proceetTto Eastport. He said in relating the incident. "At this time I had no fear.
The moon was shining bright, and I could see the object clearly as I occasionally
turned around to look at him, for he followed me at the same distance that he had
maintained when I first found that he had no head. One thing stunk me as
strange. The planks of the bridge at that time were very loose, and I noticed that
while they rattled as I went, the man on my trail moved along with a noiseless
step."

This procession continued for 200 yards, and until Chaney had reached the
draw of the bridge. "Up to this moment." Mr. Chaney said, -i I had no fear, and
then I said to myself, 'I will see if you (meaning the man behind him) can run.'
So I ran to the Eastport end of the bridge— about a hundred yards. When I
reached the end of the bridge I turned around and saw the headless man standing
at his accustomed distance that he had maintained in following me across the bridge
— about thirty feet. I was now frightened. (Chaney was then two short squares
from his home.) I now began to run as fast as I could. As I turned Chesapeake
Avenue the headless man was at my back with his hand over my shoulder. I ran
home and bolted the gate without opening it. and went for my gun. As I came out
of the house, my mother, who had been sitting up at the window- waiting for my
father and myself, hearing my movements, called to know what was the matter. I
asked, 'Did you see that man?' She replied that she had seen no one. When I
returned to the gate, the headless man had disappeared.'"

7. Wise people, in this day, however sincere may be the statements of those
who allege that they have seen, with natural eyes, the unnatural and disembodied
spirits moving as if in the body pent, believe that the narrators have been deceived
or have seen some physical phenomenon that can, or will yet, be explained by the
discoveries of science.

Paragraph 7. en What do wise people now beli'

School '>f Application for the Education of l T . S. Marine Officers, and
Quarters of the Marine Guard of the Naval Academy.

Sampson Row, Naval Academy.

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A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 161

CHAPTER FORTY-EIGHTH.

PROGRESS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY.

1. Six years nearly have elapsed since, on April :24th, 1899, Admiral F. V.
HcNair turned the first sod of the new Naval Academy. Ten years was the time
allowed for the completion of the improvements, and eight millions was the sum
proposed to be expended. The estimate of expenditures has now reached twenty
millions, but no increase of the period of time for finishing the improvements has
been suggested. Vast has been the work accomplished, and when the half score
years will expire, from the time the work began, it may confidently be expected that
the new Naval Academy will be practically finished.

2. The Armory, 400 feet by 110 ; the Seamanship Building, 400 by 110 feet ;
Marine Engineering and Naval Construction Building, 260 by 175 feet ; the Officers'
Mess, 50 by 160 feet, including apartments for the Bachelor Officers, and the
Naval Club, are finished.

3. There are nearing completion, in more or less degree, thirteen large resi-
dences for officers' quarters, which will be completed about January 1st ; magnifi-
cent "Bancroft Hall," the new quarters of the Midshipmen, containing 900 rooms,
which is now occupied, and which is 630 feet lone, by 350 wide, which, as intended,
when united by covered archways to the Armory and Seamanship Buildings, will be
1280 feet long, — the longest building in the world. Extending from the Hall, as a
terrace, is the Mess Hall, 75 feet by 374. One year more and all this vast work
will be done. The Academy chapel, 180 feet by 180, and 168 feet high, has its
whole skeleton erected. The great sea-wall, nearly a mile in length, is finished, and
this includes the Basin which is eleven hundred feet long, and five hundred feet
wide. This haven for the small craft of the Academy is now practically completed.

4. The Academic Building, 400 by 350 feet, in which will be located the offices
of the school, is rapidly rising in its majestic proportions. The foundation of the
Power House, 200 by 100 feet, has been laid. The new Gymnasium has not been
commenced, and it is under consideration, whether or not the new Seamanship
Building could not be used as a Gymnasium. The Administration Building, one of
the smaller improvements, has not yet been started. A shop, to be attached to the
Marine Engineering and Construction Building, has been finished.

5. A survey of the work, after five years, from its commencement, shows that
almost every building contemplated for the new Naval Academy, has been either
finished, or is nearing completion, or under construction.

Parageaphs 1 to 9, (a) What progress has been made in five years In the improvements of the
Naval Academy?

162 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

6. Ill the review of the work accomplished it should be observed that, in addi-
tion to what has been completed, in buildings, the Academic authorities in the
same time have added thirty acres of land to the Naval Academy, and will shortly
acquire fifteen or twenty more. Beside, in the addition made in 1890, are twenty
new double residences for officers. Adjoining the Naval Academy, on the Govern-
ment Farm, the finest Marine Quarters in the United States have been erected, with
three excellent residences for the officers of the post. The new Hospital for the
Academy is being erected, and has a commanding view of the Severn.

7. In addition to what has been, and will be, done in the Naval Academy, at Fort
Madison, on the north side of the Severn, a half mile from the Naval Academy, a
naval Experimental Station has been established, for testing engines and various
articles used in the Navy. The Government owns at Fort Madison ninety acres,
and the improvements there, besides some fine buildings, involve the building of
nearly a mile of sea-wall. A splendid 1,000-yard rifle range has been constructed.

8. Beside the land at Fort Madison, the Government owns 114 acres in the
Government Farm, and, the Academy, when the next addition, already at hand, is
made, the Naval Academy proper will embrace 220 acres. When this gap is walled
in, there will be nearly one mile of brick wall bounding the southwest boundary of
the Naval Academy, extending along King George street, Annapolis, from Dorsey's
Creek to the Severn River. The other three bounds of the Academy are on tide-
water.

9. The establishment of the School of Application for the education of officers
for the Marine Corps has given impetus to a spirit of improvement, that will
undoubtedly lead to the construction of other buildings at the Government Farm, on
which has also arisen very fine stables for the horses of the Academy, and where
from the brow of Strawberry Hill, erected as a hospital, and now used as a storage
house, the Marine Hospital overlooks the stately array on the Farm and in the
Naval Academy.

CHAPTER FORTY-NINTH.

ST. ANNE'S PARISH— 1692-1900.

1. (1692.) This parish is one of thirty which were established under the Act of
Assembly of 1692. The loss of the first twelve pages of the parish records has
robbed us of much of its valuable history. In the returns, however, of the several
vestries in the province to the Governor and his council in 1692, St. Anne's was
designated by the name of Middle Neck Parish, and consisted of the territory between

Pabaobaphs 1 to 26. in i. Give a brief history of St. Anne's Parish.

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 163

South and Severn rivers. The destruction of these pages of the records of the
parish has left to speculation the origin of the name of the parish. There is, how-
ever, hardly any doubt but that it was named in honor of the reputed mother of
the Virgin Mary, St. Ann; and so designated because it was a happy coincidence
with the name of the Princess Anne, afterward Queen Anne, of England.

2. (1694.) On the 8th of October, 1694, the Governor proposed to his council
that, at the port of Annapolis, a lot be laid oft* for the minister nigh to where the
church is to stand, and that the minister be obliged to read prayers twice a day. On
the 7th of May 1696. Mr. Coney, supposed to be the incumbent of St. Anne's Par-
ish, preached before the assembly, and the sermon he was desired by the assembly
to have printed.

3. (1696.) When St. Anne's returned its proceedings, as required by ch. 'id,
Acts of 1696, under the name of Middle Neck Parish, the taxable persons in it were
stated to number 374. The vestrymen of the parish were given as : Thomas Bland,
Richard Warfield, Lawrence Draper, Jacob Harnass, William Brown, Cornelius
Howard. When King William's school was established the same year 1696, Rev.
Perergine Coney, the supposed rector of St. Anne's, was one of the trustees.

4. On September 30th, the Lower House sent to the Upper the following
message : '-To show our readiness to contribute to the utmost of our abilities to the
service of God, in building a free church and school at Annapolis, we have proposed
and resolved, that, out of the revenue raised for the charge of the Province, by 3d
per hhd, on tobacco, one year's revenue so raised be for defraying the charge of the
church at Annapolis."

5. The Lower House, preparatory to passing the Act, appointed a committee
to inspect the proposals for building the church ; which reported that there was in
bank for this purpose £458 sterling. This had arisen from the sale of the tobacco
which had been collected. They also reported that the church would cost £1200
sterling, about §7,000.

6. These were busy times in Annapolis. The State House, King William's
School and St. Anne's, for, on the second of October, the Governor was selected by
the council to employ workmen to build the church, were all in course of erection.

7. This was the first brick church in Maryland, but not the first place of
w r orship in Annapolis. There was a meeting-house of the Puritans thirty years
before this, and the i-ecords show there was also a house dedicated to the service of
God on Greenberry's Point that also antedated St. Anne's (1697). On the 30th of
June, 1697, a petition from Ruth Gregg was laid before the Governor and his
council. Rev. Peregrine Coney was defendant. This document, with Mr. Coney's
defence, was ordered to be given to Mr. Carroll, "the said Ruth's procurator." The
nature of the complaint has not come down to us, but Mr. Coney appears to have
enjoyed, and never to have lost, the fullest confidence of Gov. Nicholson, who gave
him the duty of issuing marriage licenses. His sermons were frequently asked for
publication by the Assembly.

8. (1699.) Gov. Nicholson selected the site of St. Anne's, and was the active
agent in its erection. Gov. Blackiston succeeded Gov. Nicholson, and, in the

lti-1 A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

former's term, July 22, 1699, an Act of Assembly imposed a fine of £333, 6s. 8d.,
on Edward Dorsey for not fulfilling his agreemont to build the church ; and another
Act of the same session appointed persons to treat with workmen to build it.

9. (1704.) Rev. Mi. Topp followed as the second rector of St. Anne's and Rev.
James Wootten was the third, and, in 1704, the vestrymen were recorded as Col.
John Hammond, Mr. William Bladen, Mr. William Taylard. Mr. Amos Garrett. Mr.
John Freeman, Mr. Samuel Norwood. An entry on the parish records, ordering
payment fur altering the gallery seats, shows that the church was finished. Thomas
Fielder was the architect of the edifice. The entries in the parish records also
discover to us that the first St. Anne's had both bell and belfry, and a golden ball
adorned the spire.

10. The church was built in the shape of a T, and was neatly finished inside.
The principal entrance faced east, that is toward the State House. (1706.) In 1706,
the General Assembly, ever mindful of St. Anne's, directed that, of the three lots
originally laid out within the city, one should be for the rector of the parish, one
for the Sexton, and a third for the clerk of the vestry and commissary's clerk. The
revenues of St. Anne's were further enhanced by an order requiring 41 • shillings for
every corpse buried in the church yard. This was the ground about the church and
is embraced in the present circle. The grave yard extends beyond its present
limits into tin- streets as excavations within its beds painfully proved a few years
since.

11. The revenues at this period were exceedingly meagre, and it is estimated
that in 1717 the rector did not receive over $350 per annum.

(171!:'.) May 15, 1719, the vestry of St. Anne's laid before the Lower House
of Assembly the grievances under which the parish labored. The gravamen of
their burden was that the parish church, by being built near the utmost verge of
the parish, is hereby rendered very inconvenient to a great part of the parishioners,
some of these living twenty miles, and others at a greater distance from it, so that
were " it not that the rector voluntarily goes up at appointed times and preaches
among them, a great part of them would be without the benefits of a minister ; that
to add to this difficulty the church is much too little for a parish church, many of
the parishioners being obliged to stay at home for want of room, but that this is
most visible at public times, as we humbly conceive is apparent to the constant
experience of this Honorable House ; that there is no visible way to remove the first
of these difficulties, but by contracting the parish into narrower bounds, or dividing
it, nor is there any means to remove the latter, but by enlarging the church, but
now both these an- rendered impracticable to us by some other difficulties, which
we shall take the liberty of naming to your honors."

12. The first remedy was open, the report continued, to the objection that the
benefits of this parish are already so small, that it is but a bare support for " a
single man in a parish." but to that is added that being " Chaplain to the public,"
he " is unavoidably exposed to much greater expense than the benefits of the parish
can defray." which has often been the cause of the parish being without a minister.

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A HISTORY OF ANNF, ARUNDEL COUNTY. 165

13. The second remedy could not be applied, as the vestrymen had no means
with which to enlarge. The Legislature took no notice of this pointed application
for an increase of revenues. At this time one family came thirty miles to church,
having to drive on Saturday into the neighborhood, so as to be able to reach church
on Sunday.

14. (1723.) May 7, 1723, Alexandria Frazier. Robt. Gordon, Thomas Worth-
ington, Vachel Denton, Joshua George and William, obtained permission to build
at their own expense a gallery at the west end of the church.

15. (1727.) April 4th, 1727. several parishioners of St. Anne's, V. Denton,
Thomas Worthington, John Bead, and Philip Hammond, with A. Frazier, rector,
obtained permission to build a chapel in the upper part of the parish. This was
asked on account of the inconvenience of reaching Annapolis for church.

The site selected was the head of South River. No church or chapel could he
built in the province without the permission of the Lord Proprietary, and he had
delegated his power to his Governor, Charles Calvert, who gave the requisite license.

16. May 2nd, 1727, permission was granted to Mr. Richard Claggett "to erect
a pew where the font stood," and on July 4, the vestrymen granted permission "to
erect a gallery over the pews appointed for the gentlemen of the Assembly." On
May 7th, 1728, the following petition on the same subject was presented to the
vestry as the humble petition of some of the parishoners of said Parish :

17. (1728.) " That in consideration of the smallness of the parish, and that
there was much want of room, you were pleased to encourage your parishoners by
giving them leave some-times since to build a gallery toward the north-east end of
the said church, and your petitioners made provisions according thereto, but some
vestries after, we understood you were inclined to enlarge the said gallery by making
it extend from near the pulpit all over the assembly pews and over the chancel,
until it should reach near the Governor's pew, a design very much wished for and
of a general good and service, and by these contrivances the church may be made
to hold almost as many above as below. And we are humbly of opinion, as we
believe all good and considerate men will be likewise, that the best ornament to a
church is a good pastor and a large flock, we thank God we are blest with the one,
(Rev. John Humphrey), but want of room obstructs the other. In consideration
of which, we with patience waited to know your resolutions, and, at length, being
ordered to go on with your first, direction, which we did accordingly, till we were
prevented by Mr. John Beale, who told us not to proceed any further until further
orders. We, therefore, having been at considerable charges, and loss of time in
proceeding with the said work according to your orders, humbly hope your honors
will take it into your consideration. And we beg leave to know your commands,
being fully persuaded that it will be most consistent to the honor and praise of
God, and to the great benefit and advantage of the said church and people. In
hopes of which with humble submission your petitioners, as in duty bound, shall
ever pray. Richard Tooted, Simon Dun', Peter Werard. Wm. Ghiselen." The
vestry ordered the petitioners to proceed with the erection of the gallery.

166 A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNfcEL COtJNTY.

18. (17-10.) In 1740. St. Anne's was enlarged, but this enlargement did not
accommodate its increasing congregation, and, in 1741, leave was given to build- a
gallery to hold eleven pews.

19. (1750.) In 17-50, the Assembly passed a tax hill to laise a sinking fund to
protect the colonists from border ravages by the Indians. In the taxables were
bachelors. A list from each parish was ordered to be returned to the Government.
The list in St. Anne's parish included Gov. Sharpe and Eev. John McPherson, the
rector of St. Anne's, who, not caring to determine whether they came under the
list of taxables or not, the vestry settled their status for them, by ordering them on
the list. All over 25 years of age, assessed under £300 and over £100 were taxed
live shillings each, and the law remained in force six years. Joshua Frazier,
Bichard Green and Allen Quynn paid till 1751 ; Baldwin Lusby paid for 1756 ;
Caleb Davis and Emanuel Marriott for 1756-7, and Eezin Gaither, at the head of
Severn, for 1756-7-8.

20. (1756.) Those assessed over £300, were taxed 20s. each, and William
Stuart. John Eidont, John Gilliss. Daniel Wolfstenhome, Stephen Bordley and
Charles Carroll, barrister, paid it for six years. James Maccubbin, Beall Nicholson,
of Annapolis. William Gaither, head of Severn, Charles Hammond of Philip, and
John Griffith paid it for rive years. Col. Benj. Tasker and Lancelot Jacques, paid
the tax for four years. James Johnson, John Leader, and Zachariah Hood, paid
it for three years. The last was the stamp officer in 1765, and had to flee the city
before the wrath of the people. Moses Maccubbin and John Davis paid the tax
for two years ; and S. Lowe, Charles Cole, Wm. Thornton, Charles Carroll. Esq.,
Dr. Upton Scott, Robert Stram, Robert Conden, Benj. Beall, and John Bennett
paid it for one year.

21. Non-attendance upon the services of the church about this time became
such a serious evil, that on March 6, 1751, the wardens of St. Anne's gave this
public notice in the columns of the Gazette:

"The church wardens of St. Anne's Parish, in Anne Arundel county, do hereby
signify that we shall be under a necessity of observing the Laws of this Province,
and the Statutes of England, relating to religious worship ; and more particularly
the 14th section of the first Elizabeth. Chap. 2. which oblige all persons, not having
lawful excuse, to resort to their Parish Church, or Chapel, on every Sunday, and
other days ordained and used to be Kept as Holy Days, and then and there to abide
in decent manner, during the time of common prayer, preaching or other services
of God: and therefore request all concerned to take notice. Samuel Howard,
CamalieJ Butler, Church Wardens."

On the 29th of June, 1761, an organ loft was ordered, being the first mention
looking to the use of an organ in the church.

22. (1770.) Nothing went on in Annapolis at this time that escaped the eye or
ear of the observant Eddis, who arrived in Annapolis, September 4th. 1770.
" Understanding he writes, " that I was in time for divine service, I availed myself
of an immediate opportunity to offer up my fervent acknowledgement at the throne
of grace. The exterior of the church, (St. Anne's) has but little to recommend it,

A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 167

but the congregation was numerous. The solemn offices were performed with a
becoming devotion, and mj mind was in perfect unison with the important duties of
the day."

23. (1771.) St. Anne's was the only church in the city and notwithstanding it
was the protege of the State, it was allowed to fall into a ruinous condition. Its
minister often remonstrated with his congregation and urged the repairing or rebuild-
ing of it. September 5, 1771, a poem appearing in the Maryland Gazette, addressed :
"To the very worthy and respectable inhabitants of Annapolis, the humble petition
of the old church, showeth."

24. The poem accomplished what the pastor could not. The congregation
resolved to erect a new church.

(1774.) The General Assembly was appealed to for aid, and at its March
Session, 1774, Chapter 11, the General Assembly appointed John Ridout, Samuel
Chase, William Paca, Upton Scott, and Thomas Hyde, trustees, for building in
Annapolis, an elegant church adorned with a steeple. It was to cost £6,000, and
£1,500 was to be received from the State. In return for it there were to be provided
a pew for the Governor, a large one for the Council, one for the Speaker, all to be
properly ornamented, and other pews for the members of the Lower House, one for
the Judges of the Provincial Court, and one for strangers. One was also to
be for the incumbent, one for the Wardens, and one for the Provincial Juries.
When completed, the subscribers were to chose their pews, preference being given
to subscribers of the largest amounts ; no one who subscribed less than £20 being
entitled to a pew. Then twenty pews were to be sold to the parishioners by auction.
There was to be a common gallery for the parishioners, one for servants and another
for slaves. July 1775, Mr. Woodcock was allowed £30 a year as an organist. The
revolution prevented the erection of the church, and the threatre was used to wor-
ship in.

"But Myers, McPherson, Edmyston, Montgomery, and T. Lendrum, all were
of fair, if not, of excellent standing. Still, what hail been gained for the church.
The population of the parish had increased probably one-third during the period
under review, and wealth also had increased. But the theatre had been introduced,
and horse-racing, card-playing, dancing and drinking had become unrestrained,
and Governors and office-holders had upheld and patronized them, not less than did
the proprietaries themselves, and the church had shown itself powerless. And now,
it was in the dust, a time of retribution had come, and every tiling was dark."

25. (1792.) The second church was finally completed in November, 1792,
eighteen years after it was commenced. It cost £6,000, nearly $30,000. The
church was 110 feet long, and 90 broad, and was surmounted with a tower. On
the outside were pilasters, which divided the wall into panels, and long windows
gave it, with its time-colored bricks, a sombre and religious appearance. Inside,
the church was frescoed. This church, with its modern panels and posts, in green
and white, encircling the yard, remained until the night of Sunday, February 14th,
1858, when it was destroyed b}' fire. This originated from the furnace below,
which ignited the flooring. About eleven o'clock the ringing of the bell of the

168 A BISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

church summoned the citizens to the destruction of this ancient edifice. At first
the bell seemed to be only the nine o'clock curfew, but the doleful cry of "fire,"
resounding through the dark and quiet streets, told another story. For two hours
the flames, unseen and inaccessible, lav hidden in their lairs, pouring forth volumes
of stifling smoke. This slumber, that deceived the hopeful, suddenly ended with
the flames flaring into the ceiling, darting from the roof, and leaping to the tower.
The faithful bell, that had not ceased from the beginning of the tire to peal its own
requiem, broke the stilly atmosphere with its doleful knell, the crackling timbers
joined the dirge, the pitiless heat, sweeping through the organ, touched its keys
with fiery fingers and made it sing its own death song, whilst a passing steamer's
sympathizing bell and faithful women's tears attended the unexpected calamity. In
a few hours only the bare walls of St. Anne's remained.

26. St. Anne's is now doing a great religious work under the rectorship of Rev.
Joseph P. McComas, with Rev. Mr. Twamley as his assistant.

CHAPTER FIFTIETH.

IMPROVEMENT!" THE WATCHWORD OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
<)F iNNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1. During the summer of 1905, Count \ School Commissioner George T. Melviu
called public attention to the lack of interest and co-operation on the part of the
district school trustees regarding their dirties in the administration of the public
schools. In an address before the Teachers' Institute in Annapolis in the latter part
of Sejstember, Dr. M. Bates Stephens, State School Superintendent, said :

"'We must give greater recognition to our trustees. When performing their
duties, living up to what the law requires of them, they are the most important part
of our school machinery. We must have their co-operation because they are the
representatives of the people in the school system. They should be consulted fre-
quently about all maters pertaining to district school work. We should have for
this county, as County School Commissioner Melvin suggests, a meeting of all the
trustees and teachers of the county. The idea is a good one. They should be paid
a per diem for that day to cover expenses incident to attending the meeting.
Addresses should be made by trustees, teachers and other school officials. The
Governor, who is president of the State Board of Education, should be invited.
This would afford an opportunity for all — teachers and trustees — to reach a better
understanding of the important duties devolving upon them, and would unques-

Paragraphs 1 to 5. What association has recently been formed in Anne Arundel for the improve-
in. -lit of the public school system?

A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 169

fcionably produce beneficial results. Our school work suffers from this serious
lack.' '

2. At the meeting of the Board of County School Commissioners on October
31st, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted:

"Whereas, the public school law provides that educational matters affecting a
school district shall be under the supervision of a board of district school trustees,
and

" Whereas, the duties and responsibilities devolving upon the district school
trustees appear to be imperfectly understood and, in many cases, inefficiently per-
formed, or not performed at all, thereby rendering the operations of the school law
defective in this important branch of the system ; therefore

" Resolved, that the district school trustees of the county be invited to attend
a meeting to be held on Saturday, December 16, next, at 10 o'clock A. M., at the
Court House, in Annapolis, for the purpose of discussing and adopting ways and
means to bring about a more thorough understanding and a more active co-operation
of the trustees in regard to their duties in the public school administration.

" Resolved, that the President appoint a member of the Board to make the
necessary arrangements for the proposed meeting."

3. President Crisp appointed Mr. Melvin a committee to make preparations for
the meeting, and to secure the attendance of the trustees, teachers and others inter-
ested in the movement. On December 16th the meeting was held, and so much
enthusiasm was manifested, that it was determined to effect a permanent organiza-
tion, to be called " The School Improvement Association of Anne Arundel County,"
whose objects shall be —

(1) To secure a thoroughly organized and efficient working board of district
school trustees in every school district of the county.

(2) To discuss questions relating to the management of the public schools,
and especially the improvement of local conditions in the school districts.

4. These officers were then elected : President, George T. Melvin ; Vice-
Presidents, Wni. E. Jones, first election district ; Dr. Harry B. (lantt, second ;
Harry A. Cook, third ; Wm. A. Ray, fourth ; Dr. Thos. H. Brayshaw, fifth ; Dr.
Frank H. Thompson, sixth ; Wilbur F. Petherbridge, eighth ; Secretary, Harry R.
Wallis ; Assistant Secretary, Miss Louise Linthicum. The time of meetings was
made the first Saturdays in February, May, August and November.

5. Thus, with three hundred active, interested trustees of the schools, in close
touch with its system, " Improvement " is emblazoned on the banners of public
education in Anne Arundel, and the horizon of a broad policy and a steady progress,
toward the goal of perfection, opens upon the vision of the generous citizens of the
county, who encourage these institutions of learning with a hearty and liberal
support.

FINIS.

CHARLES G. FELDMEYER.

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