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NT 


CD 

9 

O 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


GIF^T  OK 


Received 
Accession  No. 


•  '8(>?' 
•    Clots  No. 


N 


This  is  one  of  an  edition  of  one 
thousand  copies  printed  from  type 
on  Van  Gelder  hand-made  paper  for 
the  Battle  Monument  Association 
in  the  month  of  December,  1898. 


fiistory 

of 

Che  Battle  JMonumcnt 

at 

Cdest  point 


Ristory 

of 

Cbe  Battle  JMonument 
Slest  point 

together  with  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  inscribed 

upon  and  commemorated  by  it  and  of  the 

original  subscribers  thereto 

prepared  by 

Charles  CCL  Lamed 

professor,  d.  8.  JVIilitary  Hcademy 

Secretary  of  the  Building  Committee 

^  n  ^  ^  ^' 

Co  which  is  added  a  description  of  the  quarrying,  working 
transportation  and  erection  of  the  shaft,  by 

Gdward  f%  JMiner 


Cdest  point,  New  \ork 

1898 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

i 


History  of  the  Battle  Monument          .          .  , 

Dedication  of  Site  on  Trophy  Point   .          .  .  %        19 

Prayers  .          .          .  .          .          .  •  .        23 

Oration  by  General  George  B.  McClellan   .  .        29 

Dedication  Ceremonies  at  West  Point        ;  .  .  .        83 

Prayers  .          .          .          .      .    .  \      >  .  .  .        87 

Address  of  General  Wilson        .          .          *  .  .89 

Address  of  General  Schofield     .          .          .  .  495 

Address  of  Secretary  of  War      .  .  .  .99 

• 

Address  of  Justice  Brewer         ;.          .          .  .  .      103 

Epilogue         .          .  .  *  .  .  .113 

List  of  Officers  and  Men  Borne  upon  the  Monument  .      117 
Description  of  the  Quarrying,  Working,  Transportation 

and  Erection  of  the  Battle  Monument       .  .  .      221 

Report  of  the  Treasurer    .          .          .          .  .  239 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


i  Monument.      View  from  West    .          .  Frontispiece 

ii  Monument.      Front  view  .          .          .          Facing  page     i 

in  Competitive  Design  of  Babb,  Cook  &Willard  "  "     67 

iv  Competitive  Design  of  Carrere  &  Hastings  .  "  "     71 

v  Alternative  Design  of  Carrere  &  Hastings    .  "  "     73 

vi  Competitive  Design  of  R.  W.  Emerson        .  "  "     75 

vn  Grand  Stand  from  the  West       .          .          .  "  "      83 

vm  Rostrum         .          .          .          .          .          .  "  "     89 

ix  Grand  Stand  from  the  South      .          .          .  "  "103 

x  Fame.      View  from  West           .  '       .          .  "  "113 

xi  Fame.      View  from  East  .          .          .          .  "  "    117 

xii  Cylindrical  Base,  bearing  Names  of  Officers  "  "   119 
xin  Sphere  and  Plinth,  bearing  names  of  Enlisted 

Men "  "   131 

xiv  Shaft  in  the  Quarry           .-         .          .          .  "  "   221 


xv  Preparing  the  Shaft  for  Working  .  Facing  page  225 

xvi  Mounted  on  Journals  for  Cutting  .  .  "  "  227 

xvn  Mechanical  Appliances  for  Polishing        /  .  "  "  228 

xviii  On  the  Cars  for  Transportation  .  .  "  "  231 

xix  From  Station  to  Site       .          .  .  .  "  "  232 

xx  On  the  Way          .          .          .  .  .  "  "  233 

xxi  Arrival  at  Site       .  ^       _,...,  ,  ^  .  .  "  t(  234 

xxii  Erection       .          .          .          .  .  .  "  "  237 


or  THK 
UNIVERSITY  } 


THE  BATTLE  MONUMENT 
AT  WEST  POINT 


THE  BATTLE  MONUMENT 
AT  WEST   POINT 

CHE  polished  monolith  of  granite  that  faces 
on  the  terre-plein  of  West  Point  the  gate- 
way of  the  Hudson  Highlands,  guarding 
like  a  giant  sentinel  the  memory  of  two  thousand 
heroes  of  the  mighty  struggle  for  principle  which 
freed  a  race  and  welded  a  nation,  was  dedicated 
to  its  sacred  function  on  a  day  of  mingled  cloud 
mists  and  sunbursts — fit  type  of  the  dark  years 
of  battle  and  of  the  glory  of  the  victory  which  it 
commemorates. 

The  band  of  men  whose  roll  is  to  be  read  upon 
its  tablets,  and  high  above  whose  names  winged 
Fame  stands  poised  with  trumpet  and  outstretched 
wreath,  are  the  battle  victims  of  that  little  army 
which  stood  at  the  beginning  of  the  fight  of  1861 
for  all  the  military  art  our  country  knew.  Its 


2  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

monument  rests  to-day  within  the  borders  of  the 
great  Academy  which  for  half  a  century  had  kept 
alive  the  tradition  of  military  integrity,  discipline, 
simplicity,  and  science  which  inspired  these  men, 
and  through  them  the  mighty  hosts  of  heroic  vol- 
unteers who  offered  their  lives  for  principle  and 
country. 

This  is  a  monument  to  the  regular  army  of  the 
United  States,  erected  by  brothers  to  brothers,  not 
in  an  invidious  or  vaunting  spirit,  but  with  a  just 
pride  in  the  great  work  wrought  by  the  soul  that 
went  forth  from  this  army  into  the  leaderless 
masses  of  noble  men  who  left  the  walks  of  peace 
for  the  hard  field  of  fight.  The  regular  army  is 
justified  in  this  ppde,and  rightly  glories  in  this  rock- 
hewn  witness  to  a  work  well  and  faithfully  done, 
not  only  in  this  War  of  the  Rebellion,  but  by  these 
same  men  in  exile,  hardships  and  peril  on  remote 
frontiers  amidst  savage  foes  —  the  advance-guard 
of  our  civilization,  the  protectors  of  a  land  which 
they  did  not  possess,  and  the  promoters  of  a  great 
industrial  development  whose  fruit  was  not  theirs. 
This  memorial  was  not  built  by  a  grateful  coun- 
try, but  by  voluntary  offerings  from  the  hard-won 
pay  of  comrades  in  the  field  within  hearing  of 
the  roar  of  battle,  and  in  sight  of  the  dead  whose 
memory  it  preserves.  Was  ever  shaft  so  reared 
before,  or  with  a  sentiment  more  modest,  tender, 
and  unselfish  ? 


AT  WEST    POINT  3 

Those  who  have  guarded  the  sacred  trust  con- 
fided to  them,  and  whose  honor  and  pleasure  it 
has  been  to  bring  it  to  fruition,  have  labored  to 
express  in  the  finished  work  the  dignity  of  the 
sentiment  that  gave  it  birth.  The  granite  block, 
hewn  from  the  mountain  —  single,  upright,  shin- 
ing like  the  deeds  to  which  it  bears  witness ;  the 
polished  sphere,  rounded  like  their  lives  and  belted 
with  enduring  bronze ;  the  simple  inscription : 

IN   MEMORY 

OF   THE 
OFFICERS  AND   MEN 

OF  THE 

REGULAR  ARMY  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES 
WHO  FELL  IN   BATTLE   DURING  THE 

WAR  OF  THE   REBELLION 

THIS  MONUMENT  IS  ERECTED   BY  THEIR 

SURVIVING  COMRADES 

—  these  are  all  conceived  in  reverence,  and  in- 
tended to  speak  simply  and  directly  the  purpose 
of  the  givers  and  the  merits  of  the  dead.  It  is  but 
right  to  add  that  the  designer,  Stanford  White, 
and  the  sculptor,  Frederick  MacMonnies,  have 
given  a  generous  and  enthusiastic  labor  to  the 
work  far  beyond  the  value  of  any  money  recom- 


4  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

pense  received,  and  in  the  true  spirit  of  the  artist 
and  patriotic  citizen. 


In  response  to  a  request  from  the  Secretary  of 
the  Building  Committee  of  the  Battle  Monument 
Association  that  he  should  narrate  the  circum- 
stances which  surrounded  the  initiative  of  the  un- 
dertaking, Col.  Hasbrouck  wrote  as  follows : 


Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  Nov.  6,  1897. 
My  dear  Lamed: 

I  returned  to  Fort  Monroe  last  week  from  detached  ser- 
vice on  a  board  which  has  kept  me  busily  occupied  for  about 
two  months.  I  have  been  trying  to  recall  the  facts  and  inci- 
dents connected  with  the  Battle  Monument,  and  the  action 
taken  just  after  the  conception  of  the  project,  which  might 
avail  you  for  your  article.  I  find  that  my  memory  is  unreliable 
about  many  things  that  have  happened  so  long  ago  and  I  am 
sorry  and  afraid  that  my  letter  will  not  be  of  much  use  to  you. 
The  idea  of  the  monument  originated  at  West  Point  and  the 
successful  efforts  to  arouse  interest  and  to  raise  the  necessary 
funds  were  made  by  the  officers  permanently  and  temporarily 
on  duty  at  the  Academy.  I  was  ordered  to  West  Point  for 
duty  in  September,  1863,  while  north  on  sick  leave.  At  that 
time  all  the  officers  temporarily  on  duty  had  seen  service  in  the 
field  and  many  of  them  had  been  disabled  by  either  wounds  or 
sickness.  All  knew  and  appreciated  the  services  of  the  regulars  ; 
and  the  merits  and  deeds  of  officers  and  men  who  had  fallen 
were  constantly  recalled.  These  services  were  well  known  at 
the  front,  but  received  little  recognition  in  the  press,  which, 
from  local  and  State  pride,  made  special  effort  to  exploit  the 


AT  WEST    POINT  5 

achievements  of  their  own  volunteers.  We  all  thought  the  reg- 
ulars were  not  receiving  their  just  dues,  and  that  their  services 
should  be  better  known  and  permanently  commemorated.  Soon 
after  my  arrival  I  suggested  one  night  after  dinner  at  the  Mess 
a  Monument  at  West  Point  which  should  have  inscribed  upon  it 
a  list  of  the  battles  and  the  names  of  all  the  officers  and  men  of 
the  Regular  Army  who  had  been  killed  or  died  of  wounds  re- 
ceived in  action.  The  idea  was  well  received  and  a  notice  for 
a  meeting  the  next  Saturday,  a  day  when  most  of  the  officers 
could  attend,  was  sent  out.  The  meeting  was  attended  by  many 
officers.  Lieut,  (afterwards  Captain)  Charles  C.  Parsons,  4th 
Artillery,  was  especially  interested  and  enthusiastic.  He  was  a 
very  able  and  earnest  man,  and  I  think  the  success  of  the  effort 
in  its  initial  stages  was  more  due  to  him  than  to  any  other  sin- 
gle individual.  It  is  my  recollection  that  he  was  made  chair- 
man of  this  meeting.  He  thought  it  important  to  secure  as 
soon  as  possible  the  co-operation  of  all  in  the  Regular  Service, 
and  urged  that  letters  be  promptly  written  to  officers  in  the 
field  and  at  other  stations,  asking  for  their  views  and  aid.  He 
sent  for  the  necessary  stationery,  and  many  letters  were  writ- 
ten before  the  meeting  broke  up.  A  number  of  officers  were 
there,  but  I  cannot  recall  with  certainty  any  except  Parsons 
and  Captain  A.  T.  Smith,  8th  Infantry,  now  Colonel  of  the 
1 3th  Infantry.  In  a  short  time  so  many  favorable  responses 
were  received  that  a  regular  organization  was  formed,  a  treas- 
urer appointed,  and  subscriptions  asked  for. 

Sincerely  yours, 

H.   C.    HASBROUCK. 


The  minutes  of  the  Association  formed  under 
the  impulse  of  this  suggestion  of  Lieutenant  Has- 
brouck  give  a  clear  account  of  the  early  stages  of 

IA 


6  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

the  undertaking  which  has  recently  culminated  in 
the  dedication  of  a  Monument  bearing  the  names 
of  every  officer  and  soldier  in  the  Regular  Army 
of  the  United  States  who  fell  in  battle  or  died  of 
wounds  received  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 
The  following  extracts  are  selected  as  giving  the 
most  important  acts  of  the  committees  having  it  in 
charge  as  well  as  the  names  of  their  individual 
members : 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  6,  1863. 

At  a  meeting  of  officers  convened  at  West  Point, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  6,  1863,  for  the  purpose  hereafter 
designated,  First  Lieutenant  W.  A.  Elderkin,  ist 
Artillery,  U.  S.  Army,  was  called  to  the  chair,  af- 
ter which  the  following  resolution  was  unani- 
mously adopted  : 

For  the  purpose  of  perpetuating  the  memory  of 
those  officers  of  the  Regular  Army  who  shall  have 
fallen  in  action  or  died  from  wounds  received  in 
the  field  during  the  present  war,  it  is 

Resolved — That  an  organization  be  hereby  ef- 
fected, to  consist  of  a  President,  a  Treasurer,  a 
Secretary,  and  an  Executive  Committee  of  eleven, 
including  the  above-named,  who  shall  be  em- 
powered to  solicit  and  receive  subscriptions,  as 
shall  hereafter  be  determined,  for  the  erection  of  a 
Monument  at  this  post,  upon  which  shall  be  in- 


AT  WEST    POINT  7 

scribed  the  names,  etc.,  of  those  who  are  embraced 
within  the  purpose  of  this  resolution. 

Whereupon  the  following  officers  were  desig- 
nated to  constitute  this  organization : 

President :  Col.  A.  H.  Bowman,  U.  S.  Engineers, 

and  Superintendent 

Treasurer:  Prof.  A.  E.  Church,  Military  Academy 
Secretary  :  First  Lieut.  C.  C.  Parsons,  4th  Artillery, 

U.  S.  Army 
Lieut-Col.  H.  B.  Clitz,  Maj.  12th  Infantry,  U.  S. 

A.,  and  Comdt. 

Capt.  W.  P.  Chambliss,  5th  Cavalry,  U.  S.  Army 
Capt.  S.  V.  Benet,  Ordnance 
Capt.  M.  D.  McAlister,  Engineers 
Capt.  L.  Lorain,  3d  Artillery 
First  Lieut.  A.  T.  Smith,  8th  Infantry 
First  Lieut.  W.  A.  Elderkin,  ist  Artillery 
First  Lieut.  H.  B.  Noble,  8th  Infantry 

Executive  Committee. 

And  the  chairman  of  the  meeting,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Lieut.  Hasbrouck,  4th  Artillery,  and 
Captain  Bradford,  Ordnance  Corps,  was  directed 
to  notify  these  officers  of  their  selection,  and  re- 
quest their  acceptance.  On  further  motion,  the 


8  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Executive  Committee  was  directed  to  establish  a 
pro  rata  standard  of  subscription,  to  fill  vacancies 
among  themselves,  and  to  inquire  into  the  expe- 
diency of  obtaining  permission  from  the  Secretary 
of  War  to  forward  circulars,  etc.,  through  the  Ad- 
jutant-General's Office. 

On  motion,  the  meeting  adjourned  to  meet  at 
Lieut.  Hasbrouck's  quarters  on  Friday  evening 
following. 

W.  A.  ELDERKIN, 
First  Lieut.  1st  Artillery,  U.  S.  Army, 

President. 
C.  C.  PARSONS, 

First  Lieut.  4th  Artillery,  U.  S.  Army, 
Secretary. 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  9,  1863. 

The  meeting  assembled,  pursuant  to  adjourn- 
ment, and  resolved  itself  into  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee previously  designated.  Present  —  all  the 
members  except  Col.  Bowman,  Prof.  Church,  and 
Capt.  Chambliss.  Lieut.  Elderkin  in  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read,  and 
on  motion  accepted,  with  the  following  amend- 
ment: 

That  the  Superintendent  of  the  Military  Acad- 
emy and  Commandant  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets 
should  become  ex-officio  members  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  the  former  being  also  President. 


AT  WEST   POINT  9 

On  motion,  the  Committee  adjourned  to  meet  at 
the  call  of  the  Secretary. 

Lieut.  Elderkin,  from  Committee  on  Notifica- 
tion, reported  that  the  officers  selected  to  constitute 
the  organization  had  been  severally  waited  upon, 
with  the  exception  of  Captain  Chambliss,  absent 
from  the  post,  and  that  each,  with  the  above  ex- 
ception, had  signified  his  acceptance. 

Report  adopted  and  Committee  discharged. 

On  motion,  the  following  Sub-committees  were 
appointed: 

Design  and  Execution. 

Col.  Bowman,  Lieut.-Col.  Clitz, 

Lieut.  Elderkin. 

Finance. 

Prof.  Church,  Capt.  Benet, 

Capt.  McAlister. 

Site. 

Col.  Bowman,  Capt.  Chambliss, 

Capt.  Lorain. 

Ceremonies. 

Lieut.-Col.  Clitz,  Lieut.  Smith, 

Lieut.  Noble. 

The  following  is  the  circular  prepared  by  the 
Executive  Committee : 


io  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

West  Point,  N.  Y., 


Sir: 

In  response  to  what  is  believed  to  be  the  wish 
of  all  who  have  an  interest  in  the  subject,  the  Offi- 
cers now  stationed  at  West  Point  have  effected  an 
organization  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  at  that 
post  a  Monument,  to  be  called  THE  BATTLE  MON- 
UMENT, upon  which  shall  be  inscribed  the  names 
of  all  Officers  of  the  Regular  Army  who,  during 
the  present  war,  shall  have  been  killed  or  died  of 
wounds  received  in  the  field. 

It  is  not  deemed  necessary  that  any  elaborate 
argument  should  set  forth  the  propriety  of  earnest 
action  in  behalf  of  this  object.  It  is  an  admitted 
fact,  that  while  in  other  countries  and  other  ages 
places  are  assigned  in  the  historic  mausoleum  of 
the  nation's  illustrious  dead,  for  those  who  have 
fallen  for  the  public  good,  the  soldiers  of  the 
American  army  are  often  permitted  to  rest  among 
the  unknown  dead,  while  their  names  find  no  place 
in  the  annals  of  the  stormy  scenes  in  which,  per- 
haps, they  were  the  most  exalted  actors. 

Is  it  not  fit,  therefore,  that  at  West  Point,  the 
great  central  post  around  which  cluster  some  of 
the  richest  associations  of  the  Regular  Army,  to 
which  would  cheerfully  resort  all  who  wish  to  pay 
a  tribute  to  the  gallant  dead, —  under  the  shadow 
of  the  Academy  which  at  last  receives  her  sons 
and  all  who  fight  or  fall  beside  them, —  should  be 


AT  WEST    POINT  n 

erected  a  Monument  which  shall  supply  the  want 
that  now  exists  ? 

To  the  dead  it  would  offer  the  grateful  homage 
of  fraternal  hearts, —  to  the  living,  still  another 
inspiration  to  heroic  virtues  and  sublime  self- 
devotion. 

The  plan  of  action  that  is  proposed  has  been 
carefully  sought  out,  and  it  is  trusted  that,  with  a 
favorable  response,  a  sufficient  sum  may  be  raised 
to  make  the  Battle  Monument,  in  design  and  dura- 
bility, entirely  worthy  of  its  purpose. 

It  seems  unnecessary  that  those  who  have  un- 
dertaken to  initiate  this  project  should  disavow  any 
undue  assumption  in  regard  to  it,  since  they  ear- 
nestly ask  from  their  brother  officers,  in  the  field  or 
elsewhere,  such  instructions  or  suggestions  as  may 
tend  to  forward  the  purpose  that  is  held  in  view. 

For  the  purpose  of  indicating  a  standard  of  sub- 
scription, the  following  rates  are  proposed.  Every 
one,  however,  will  feel  at  liberty  to  offer  a  greater 
or  less  sum,  as  circumstances  permit : 

Maj.-Gen-eral,       $27.00  Major,  .       $10.00 

Brig.-General,     .    18.00  Captain,  .      8.00 

Colonel,  .  13.00  Lieutenant,  .  7.00 
Lieut.-Colonel,  .  11.00 

(Approximating  to  six  per  cent,  of  monthly 
pay,  for  one  month.) 

Beside  your  personal  subscription,  your  co-oper- 


12  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

f 

ation  with  your  associates  in  the  field  is  also  so- 
licited, since  this  circular  may  not  otherwise  reach 
them  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  obtaining 
correct  address. 

Should  subscriptions  be  forwarded  in  aggregate, 
the  officer  so  forwarding  will  please  enclose  the 
names  of  the  several  subscribers.  Subscriptions 
may  be  remitted  to  the  Treasurer, 

Prof.  A.  E.  CHURCH,  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

Signed,  etc.,  by  Executive  Committee. 

On  motion,  it  was  declared  the  purpose  of  the 
Committee  to  include  the  cases  of  such  officers  as 
may  die  after  the  war  from  wounds  received  as  be- 
fore mentioned,  and  that  in  addition  to  the  name,  etc., 
and  rank  in  the  Regular  Army,  should  be  recorded 
also  the  rank,  in  Volunteers,  of  officers  named. 

On  motion,  the  Finance  Committee  were  in- 
structed to  inquire  the  amount  which  might  prob- 
ably be  raised  by  proposed  plan  of  subscription ; 
and  the  same  Committee  was  authorized  to  direct 
such  incidental  expenditures  as  are  from  time  to 

time  required. 

W.  A.  ELDERKIN, 

First  Lieut,  ist  Artillery,  U.  S.  Army, 
President. 

First  Lieut.  C.  C.  PARSONS,  4th  Artillery,!!.  S.  Army, 

Secretary. 


AT  WEST   POINT  13 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  24,  1863. 

The  Executive  Committee  met  upon  call  of  the 
Secretary,  pursuant  to  terms  of  last  adjournment. 
Prof.  Church  in  the  chair.  Present — all  the  mem- 
bers except  Col.  Bowman  and  Capt.  Benet. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and 
accepted.  The  Secretary  stated  that  he  had  called 
the  meeting  in  order  to  answer  inquiries  in  regard 
to  action  taken  since  the  last  adjournment.  The 
minutes  of  the  meeting  and  the  Circular  after- 
wards adopted  had  been  placed  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Committee  in  the  hands  of  Brig.- 
General  Totten,  Chief  Engineer  and  Inspector  of 
the  Academy.  No  response  had  been  returned 
thereto. 

Whereupon,  after  full  discussion,  the  following 
resolutions  were  adopted : 

The  purpose  and  plan  of  action  of  this  Organi- 
zation having  been  laid  before  the  Chief  Engineer 
and  Inspector  of  the  Academy  and  no  objection 
having  been  returned,  it  is 

Resolved,  ist.  That  the  Secretary,  under  super- 
vision of  the  Finance  Committee,  be  directed  to 
procure  the  printing  of  (blank  to  be  filled  by  the 
Secretary)  copies  of  the  Circular,  to  be  distributed 
as  contemplated,  and  also  the  publication  of  the 
same  in  the  most  suitable  journals. 
2d.  That  application  in  the  name  of  the  Execu- 


H  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

tive  Committee  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  War  for 
permission  to  erect  the  Battle  Monument  at  this  post. 
3d.  That  the  subscriptions  necessary  to  defray  the 
expenses  to  be  incurred  by  the  First  Resolution  be 
at  once  solicited,  such  subscriptions  to  be  regarded 
as  part  of  the  permanent  fund. 
4th.  That  the  Secretary  be  permitted  to  sign  the 
name  of  each  member  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee to  the  above  Circular,  and  all  corresponding 
papers  properly  authorized. 

5th.  That  the  Finance  Committee  be  directed  to 
procure  a  book  in  which  shall  be  permanently  re- 
corded the  names  of  all  subscribers  to  the  funds  of 
the  Association. 

6th.  That  copies  of  the  proceedings,  resolutions, 
etc.,  most  prominently  setting  forth  the  plans  and 
purposes  of  the  organization  be  forwarded  by  the 
Secretary  to  officers  of  the  Regular  Army  high  in 
command,  with  the  request  that  they  furnish  re- 
sponses which  shall  be  appended  to  the  Circular 
for  general  distribution. 

The  Secretary  was  directed  to  add  to  the  Circu- 
lar so  much  as  is  necessary  to  carry  out  the  inten- 
tion of  the  6th  Resolution. 


West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  15,  1863. 

The  Secretary  reported  that,  conformably  with 
a  Resolution  of  the  last  meeting,  he  had  ordered 


AT  WEST    POINT  15 

*• 

the  printing  of  fifty  copies  each  of  Submitted  Cir- 
culars and  Extracts  from  Minutes,  and  asked  fur- 
ther instructions. 

A  list  of  names  including  sixteen  was  deter- 
mined upon  by  the  Committee,  to  whom  these 
papers  should  be  forwarded  and  their  responses 
appended  to  the  Circular. 

The  Committee  on  Finance,  through  the  Chair- 
man, reported  that  from  calculation  upon  the  present 
basis  of  subscription,  the  amount  to  be  realized  would 
approximate  to  $20,000.  The  Committee  on  Site 
were  directed  to  report  as  early  as  convenient. 


West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  28,  1864. 
The  Secretary  presented  as  subject  for  action 
printed  Circulars,  of  which  2600  copies  had  been 
ordered,  embodying,  in  addition  to  the  first  Circu- 
lar of  the  Committee,  extracts  from  all  the  responses 
thus  far  received  —  namely,  from  Maj.-Genls. 
McClellan,  Wool,  Grant,  Thomas,  Buell,  Hooker 
and  Meade,  and  Brig.-Gen.  Meigs,  Q.-M.-General 
of  the  Army ;  also  a  plan  for  the  Monument  from 
Genl.  Meigs.  The  Chairman  stated  that  he  had 
received  a  letter  from  Gen.  Gibbon  containing 
certain  suggestions  laid  before  the  Committee. 
On  motion  and  after  discussion  upon  the  ways  and 
means  of  issuing  these,  the  Circular  was  adopted. 


16  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Feby.  y,  1864. 

The  Secretary  submitted  a  letter  from  Major  R. 
Williams,  A.  A.  G.,  suggesting  the  printing  of 
about  3000  Circulars,  to  be  forwarded  to  him,  upon 
which  he  would  forward  them  to  every  officer  of 
the  Regular  Army. 

Upon  motion,  it  was  directed  that  the  Circulars 
of  the  first  edition  be  so  changed  as  to  include  in 
the  object  of  the  Monument  a  Memorial  to  the 
Enlisted  Men  who  shall  fall,  etc.,  and  that  in  the  pro 
rata  subscription  $1.00  be  added  for  Enlisted  Men. 
****** 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Feby.  24,  1864. 

The  Secretary  announced  as  business  before  the 
Committee  that  a  vacancy  had  been  created  by 
reason  of  Capt.  Benet  having  been  ordered  from 
the  post. 

On  motion,  Capt.  T.  J.  Treadwell,  Ordnance 
Corps,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  letter  of  Maj.  F.  M.  Etting,  Additional  Pay- 
master, enquiring  in  regard  to  those  included  within 
the  appeal  and  objects  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee, being  submitted,  the  Secretary  was  directed  to 
reply  that  the  term  "  Regular  Officer  "  was  sup- 
posed to  include  those  enumerated  on  page  110 
(marked  A),  Army  Register,  dated  Washington. 
April  i,  1863. 


AT  WEST    POINT  17 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  April  19,  1864. 

The  following  resolutions,  providing  for  the  in- 
augurating of  the  Monument,  were  unanimously 
passed : 

1st.  Resolved:  That  the  ceremony  of  inaugu- 
ration of  the  BATTLE  MONUMENT  take  place  the 
15th  of  June,  next. 

2d.  That  the  Committees  on  Site  and  Design 
be  directed  to  so  determine  that  a  position  for  the 
Monument  shall  be  selected  and  reported  to  the 
Executive  Committee  at  its  next  meeting. 

3d.  That  the  Committee  on  Ceremonies  be 
directed  to  prepare  and  report  at  the  next  meeting 
a  programme  of  exercises  for  the  day  of  inaugu- 
ration. 

4th.  That  Maj.-General  McClellan  be  invited 
in  the  name  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  de- 
liver the  Inaugural  Address. 

Upon  further  motion,  it  was  directed  that  the 
Chairman  appoint  three  other  members  of  the 
Executive  Committee  to  confer  with  the  Com- 
mittee on  Ceremonies  upon  the  drawing  up  of  the 
Programme  in  accordance  with  the  3d  Resolution  ; 
whereupon  the  chairman  appointed  Maj.  Cham- 
bliss,  Captains  McAlister  and  Treadwell  as  such 
additional  members.  Upon  further  motion,  the 
Secretary  was  directed  to  tender  the  thanks  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  and  thus  of  the  Army,  to 


1 8  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Major  R.  Williams,  Asst.  Adjt.-General,  for  the 
especial  service  he  has  rendered  to  this  project  by 
procuring  the  directing,  franking  and  forwarding 
of  2500  copies  of  the  Committee's  last  circular  to 
all  officers  of  the  army. 

On  May  3,  1864,  as  a  result  of  the  foregoing, 
the  Secretary  laid  before  the  Committee  a  letter 
from  Maj.-General  McClellan,  accepting  the  Com- 
mittee's invitation  to  deliver  the  Inaugural  Address 
upon  the  15th  of  June,  next,  whereupon  it  was 
directed  that  the  correspondence  upon  this  invita- 
tion be  entered  in  the  minutes  of  the  evening. 

This  correspondence  was  not  so  entered,  and  no 
trace  of  it  can  be  found. 

The  dedication  of  Trophy  Point  as  the  site  of 
the  Monument  took  place  in  accordance  with  the 
foregoing  resolutions. 

Its  interest  was  heightened  by  the  presence  of 
the  shattered  but  still  steady  remnants  of  the  3d, 
6th,  yth,  and  12th  Regiments,  U.  S.  Infantry,  the 
bands  of  these  and  of  the  5th  Artillery,  and  the 
permanent  party  of  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.  Har- 
bor, preceded  in  procession  by  the  U.  S.  Corps  of 
Cadets  and  the  Military  Academy  Band. 

It  was  also  distinguished  throughout  by  that 
deep  solemnity  of  feeling  which  was  eminently 
due  to  the  occasion. 

Brig.-General  Anderson  officiated  as  chief  mar- 
shal, and  Rev.  Drs.  French  and  Sprole  as  chaplains. 


DEDICATION   OF   SITE 

ON 

TROPHY    POINT 


DEDICATION   OF  SITE  ON   TROPHY 
POINT,  ON  JUNE  15,  1864 

* 

• 

West  Point,  June  15,  1864. 
PROGRAMME   OF   CEREMONIES. 


PROCESSION. 

Assistant  Marshal,  Capt.  Wilkins,  3d  Infantry. 
I.  Military  Academy  Band. 
II.  Battalion  of  Cadets. 

Assistant  Marshal,  Capt.  Smith,  8th  Infantry. 

III.  Detachments  of  troops  stationed  at  and  visit- 

ing the  post. 

IV.  Carriage   containing  the    President   of  the 

Executive  Committee,  the  Chief  Marshal, 
and  State  Executives. 


2A 


22  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Assistant  Marshal,  Lieut.  Hamilton,  2d  Artillery. 
V.  Senior  member  of  the  Committee,  Orator, 

and  Chaplains. 

VI.   The  Executive  Committee. 
VII.  Military  and  Academic  Staff,  Board  of  Vis- 
itors, and  Invited  Guests. 

Assistant  Marshals,^?*-  Dayies'  l6th  Infantry- 
(  Capt.  Barlow,  Engineers. 


PROCEEDINGS. 

I.  Prayer     .....     .     .   Rev.  Dr.  French 

II.  ^lusic      ....     Military  Academy  Band 

"  Hail  Columbia." 

III.  Oration  .     '."    .'  /  .     Maj.-General  McClellan 

IV.  Music      ....     Military  Academy  Band 

"  Star  Spangled  Banner  "  and  "  Yankee  Doodle." 

V.  Benediction      .     .''*•*.'     .     Rev.  Dr.  Sprole 
VI.  Dirge      ....     Military  Academy  Band 


PRAYERS. 

I. 

For  the  Country. 

Almighty  God,  fountain  of  order,  source  of  all  law  in  heaven 
and  in  earth,  who  hast  ordained  that  men  shall  exist  in  organ- 
ized communities,  who,  in  the  days  of  our  fathers,  didst  bring 
forth,  in  the  hour  of  darkness,  the  starry  order  of  American  insti- 
tutions, for  which  we  praise  and  bless  Thee,  we  commend  our 
country,  now  and  ever,  with  all  its  interests,  to  Thy  protecting 
care.  May  Thy  fatherly  hand  ever  be  extended  for  perpetual 
benedictions  over  this  land,  kept  by  Thee  through  ages  for  us  ; 
over  its  people,  trained  by  Thee  so  long  for  a  sublime  heaven  ; 
its  Constitution,  fruit  of  Thy  teachings  in  history  ;  its  Union, 
blending  human  diversities  into  one  chorus  acceptable  to  Thee, 
the  lover  of  concord  ;  and  its  laws,  uniting,  after  the  model  of 
Thine,  mercy  with  justice,  and  liberty  with  order.  From 
Thine  own  deeps  of  purity  and  love,  breathe  into  the  whole 
American  people,  by  Thy  spirit,  and  through  all-subduing  char- 
ity, that  sacred  affection,  love  to  our  country.  Remove  for 
ever  from  them,  the  spirit  of  sedition,  conspiracy,  rebellion, 
and  give  them  steadfast  loyalty,  and  unswerving  allegiance. 
Specially  do  we  implore  Thee  thus  to  turn  the  hearts  of  those 
who  are  now  in  arms  against  authority.  In  the  contest  to 
which  we  have  been  summoned  for  defending  the  precious  trusts 
handed  on  from  our  fathers,  wilt  Thou  send  us  now  prosperity, 
and  grant  us  victory.  O,  let  not  the  impassioned  yearnings  of 

23 


24  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

a  great  people  for  unity,  for  nationality,  for  beneficent  order, 
for  a  lasting  tranquillity,  be  in  vain.  May  their  lavish  sacri- 
fices, their  patriotic  efforts,  their  patient  endurances,  their  silent 
tears  falling  in  so  many  saddened  homesteads,  not  be  fruitless, 
but  be  regarded  by  Thee,  through  Thy  Son,  for  benedictions, 
and  by  distant  posterities,  blessed  through  them,  for  abundant 
honor.  So  may  we  be  through  coming  time,  one  people,  fear- 
ing Thee  and  working  righteousness,  glorifying  Thy  name,  and 
elevating  Thy  whole  human  family.  All  of  which  we  ask  through 
Jesus  Christ  our  Saviour.  Amen. 

II. 

For  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and 
all  others  in  Authority. 

O  everlasting  God,  by  whose  eternal  providence  all  things 
and  all  men  have  their  stations  and  their  works,  wherein  they 
may  serve  Thee,  and  do  good  to  Thy  creatures,  we  ask  for 
Thy  blessing  on  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  all 
others  in  authority.  Called  by  Thee  to  great  duties,  may  they 
find  in  Thee  strength  and  wisdom  for  all.  Bestow  upon  them 
all  good  gifts  for  government ;  inspire  them  with  wisest  counsels 
and  heroic  resolutions.  Console  them  in  their  difficult  tasks 
with  the  consciousness  of  duty  done,  of  intentions  sincerely 
placed  on  the  public  welfare,  justice,  and  honor ;  of  the  sym- 
pathy of  upright  men  ;  of  the  appreciation  of  other  ages  ;  and 
of  Thine  own  merciful  and  forgiving  approval.  In  this  life  may 
Thy  providence  guard  them.  In  mortal  senses  may  Thy  spirit 
so  guide  them,  that  they  may  hereafter  serve  and  glorify  Thee 
in  a  better  country  that  is  an  heavenly  ;  through  Him  who 
taught  the  rules  and  procured  the  spirit  for  all  human  duties, 
our  teacher,  our  model,  our  restorer,  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord. 
Amen. 


AT  WEST   POINT  25 

III. 

For  the  Army  and  Navy  and  their  Schools. 

Lord  God  of  Hosts,  who  hast  determined  the  union  of  power 
with  law  throughout  all  Thy  works,  and  for  all  communities  of 
men,  be  pleased  to  receive  into  Thy  almighty  and  most  gracious 
protection  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States.  Fill  the 
whole  public  force  with  the  spirit  of  patriotism  and  self-sacri- 
fice, with  an  inspiring  conviction  of  the  glory  of  the  cause  for 
which  it  is  now  called  to  dare  and  to  endure.  May  its  persons 
be  defended  by  Thee  in  danger  and  encouraged  to  all  deeds  of 
heroism  by  the  affection  and  honor  of  a  grateful  country.  And 
may  both  its  schools  be  the  nurseries  of  pure,  accomplished, 
and  brave  men,  and  be  continually  sending  forth  on  land  and 
sea  those  who  may  render,  in  peace  and  war,  good  and  faithful 
service  to  the  public.  So  may  the  people  of  our  land,  under 
the  shelter  of  good  laws,  in  peace  and  quietness,  serve  Thee 
our  God,  and  lead  lives  of  all  godliness  and  honesty,  to  the 
glory  of  Thy  name,  and  the  promotion  of  human  welfare, 
through  Him  who  gave  the  example  of  self-sacrifice,  dying  for 
us  that  we  might  live  with  Thee,  Thy  Son,  our  Saviour. 
Amen. 

For  a  Blessing  on  the  Occasion. 

O  God  of  the  spirits  of  all  flesh,  calling  the  generations  from 
the  beginning,  and,  since  the  first  transgression,  bidding  dust 
return  to  dust  again,  may  this  spot,  consecrated  now  to  the 
memory  of  heroes,  be  hallowed  also  to  the  benefit  of  the  liv- 
ing. May  those  brought  here  for  their  last  repose  be  the 
temples  of  Thy  Holy  Spirit,  and  leave  spotless  records  of  lives 
made  glorious  by  duty  conscientiously  done,  so  that  the  way- 
farer, lingering  and  musing  here,  may  find  his  soul  enkindled 


26  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

to  ennobling  emulations.  And  may  this  whole  assembly  look 
this  day  from  the  grave  to  the  life  immortal.  Here,  in  a  tem- 
ple not  made  with  hands,  where  the  mountains  rise,  the  river 
flows,  the  valley  slumbers,  all  telling  of  Thee  and  of  Thy  un- 
speakable perfection,  may  thoughts  arise  within  us  answering 
to  the  majesty  of  Thy  glorious  works.  Here  may  we  conse- 
crate ourselves  anew  to  the  love  of  Thee,  the  love  of  man,  the 
love  of  Thy  will ;  to  the  doing  of  justice,  to  the  loving  of 
mercy,  and  to  walking  humbly  with  Thee  our  God :  that  so, 
when  we  too  shall  lie  down  in  the  dust,  we  may  be  Thy  chil- 
dren, justified,  sanctified,  and  prepared  to  be  glorified,  all 
through  Him  who  has  opened  the  way  to  Thee,  and  who,  to 
inbreathe  these  great  affections,  has  taught  us  when  we  pray  to 
say: 

Our  Father,  who  art  in  heaven,  Hallowed  be  Thy  name. 
Thy  Kingdom  come.  Thy  will  be  done  on  earth,  as  it  is  in 
heaven.  Give  us  this  day  our  daily  bread.  And  forgive  us 
our  trespasses,  as  we  forgive  those  who  trespass  against  us.  And 
lead  us  not  into  temptation  :  But  deliver  us  from  evil.  For 
Thine  is  the  kingdom  and  the  power  and  the  glory,  for  ever 
and  ever.  Amen. 


AT  WEST    POINT  27 

After  the  prayer,  Prof.  French  said : 

I  am  requested,  on  behalf  of  the  officers  of  the  army,  and 
of  the  local  authorities  and  residents,  to  express  their  senti- 
ments and  wishes,  and  most  earnestly  to  ask  that  these  may  be 
respected.  To  all  of  us,  the  day  is  a  solemn  one  ;  to  military 
feelings,  ever  confronted  with  death,  the  occasion  is  the  same  as 
though  cherished  comrades  were  now  to  be  laid  in  the  grave. 
They  ask,  therefore,  that  this  hour  and  this  day  may  be  invested 
with  the  decorum  attached  to  funeral  solemnities,  that  no 
demonstration  of  any  kind  be  made  on  the  ground  or  afterward, 
but  that  all  may  enter  into  the  spirit  and  motive  of  the  solemn 
occasion  which  calls  us  here  in  reverence,  before  Almighty 
God,  to  set  apart  a  portion  of  his  foot-stool  for  the  remains  of 
those  who  shall  fall  in  this  war  in  the  defense  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, the  Union,  the  welfare,  and  the  national  honor  of  the 
United  States. 

General  Anderson's  introduction  of  the  orator  : 

Fellow-citizens,  members  of  the  corps  of  cadets,  and  brother 
soldiers,  I  have  the  pleasure  of  going  through  the  form  of  in- 
troducing to  you  one  who  is  better  known  to  you  than  I  who 
introduce  him, —  the  orator  of  the  day,  Major-General  George 
E.  McClellan. 


ORATION  BY 
GENERAL  GEORGE  B.  McCLELLAN 


HLL  nations  have  days  sacred  to  the  remembrance  of  joy 
and  of  grief.  They  have  thanksgivings  for  success, 
fasting  and  prayers  in  the  hour  of  humiliation  and 
defeat,  triumphs  and  paeans  to  greet  the  living  and 
laurel-crowned  victor.  They  have  obsequies  and  eulogies  for 
the  warrior  slain  on  the  field  of  battle.  Such  is  the  duty  we 
are  to  perform  to-day.  The  poetry,  the  histories,  the  ora- 
tions of  antiquity,  all  resound  with  the  clang  of  arms ;  they 
dwell  rather  upon  rough  deeds  of  war,  than  the  gentle  arts  of 
peace.  They  have  preserved  to  us  the  names  of  heroes,  and 
the  memory  of  their  deeds,  even  to  this  distant  day.  Our 
own  Old  Testament  teems  with  the  narrations  of  the  brave 
actions  and  heroic  deaths  of  Jewish  patriots,  while  the  New 
Testament  of  our  meek  and  suffering  Saviour  often  selects  the 
soldier  and  his  weapons  to  typify  and  illustrate  religious  hero- 
ism and  duty.  These  stories  of  the  actions  of  the  dead  have 
frequently  survived,  in  the  lapse  of  ages,  the  names  of  those 
whose  fall  was  thus  commemorated  centuries  ago.  But,  al- 
though we  know  not  now  the  names  of  all  the  brave  men  who 
fought  and  fell  upon  the  plain  of  Marathon,  in  the  pass  of 

29 


30  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Thermopylae,  and  on  the  hills  of  Palestine,  we  have  not  lost 
the  memory  of  their  examples.  As  long  as  the  warm  blood 
courses  the  veins  of  man,  as  long  as  the  human  heart  beats 
high  and  quick  at  the  recital  of  brave  deeds  and  patriotic  sacri- 
fices, so  long  will  the  lesson  still  incite  generous  men  to  emu- 
late the  heroism  of  the  past. 

Among  the  Greeks,  it  was  the  custom  that  the  fathers  of  the 
most  valiant  of  the  slain  should  pronounce  the  eulogies  of  the 
dead.  Sometimes  it  devolved  upon  their  great  statesmen  and 
orators  to  perform  this  mournful  duty.  Would  that  a  new 
Demosthenes,  or  a  second  Pericles,  could  arise  and  take  my 
place  to-day,  for  he  would  find  a  theme  worthy  of  his  most 
brilliant  powers,  of  his  most  touching  eloquence.  I  stand  here 
now,  not  as  an  orator,  but  as  a  whilom  commander,  and  in  the 
place  of  the  fathers  of  the  most  valiant  dead  ;  as  their  com- 
rade, too,  on  many  a  hard-fought  field,  against  domestic  and 
foreign  foe  —  in  early  youth  and  mature  manhood — moved  by 
all  the  love  that  David  felt  when  he  poured  forth  his  lamenta- 
tions for  the  mighty  father  and  son  who  fell  on  Mount  Gilboa. 
God  knows  that  David's  love  for  Jonathan  was  no  more  deep 
than  mine  for  the  tried  friends  of  many  long  and  eventful 
years,  whose  names  are  to  be  recorded  upon  the  structure  that 
is  to  rise  upon  this  spot.  Would  that  his  more  than  mortal 
eloquence  could  grace  my  lips  and  do  justice  to  the  theme  ! 

We  have  met  to-day,  my  comrades,  to  do  honor  to  our  own 
dead ;  brothers  united  to  us  by  the  closest  and  dearest  ties,  who 
have  freely  given  their  lives  for  their  country  in  this  war  —  so 
just  and  righteous  so  long  as  its  purpose  is  to  crush  rebellion, 
and  to  save  our  nation  from  the  infinite  evils  of  dismemberment. 
Such  an  occasion  as  this  should  call  forth  the  deepest  and  no- 
blest emotions  of  our  nature  —  pride,  sorrow,  and  prayer  : 
pride  that  our  country  has  possessed  such  sons  ;  sorrow  that 
she  has  lost  them ;  prayer  that  she  may  have  others  like  them  ; 
that  we  and  our  successors  may  adorn  her  annals  as  they  have 


AT  WEST   POINT  31 

done,  and  that  when  our  parting  hour  arrives,  whenever  and 
however  it  may  be,  our  souls  may  be  prepared  for  the  great 
change. 

We  have  assembled  to  consecrate  a  cenotaph  which  shall 
remind  our  children's  children,  in  the  distant  future,  of  their 
fathers'  struggles  in  the  days  of  the  great  rebellion.  This 
monument  is  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  a  portion  only  of 
those  who  have  fallen  for  the  nation  in  this  unhappy  war  — 
it  is  dedicated  to  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  regular  army. 
Yet  this  is  done  in  no  class  or  exclusive  spirit,  and  in  the  act 
we  remember,  with  reverence  and  love,  our  comrades  of  the 
volunteers  who  have  so  gloriously  fought  and  fallen  by  our 
side.  Each  State  will,  no  doubt,  commemorate  in  some  fit- 
ting way  the  services  of  its  sons  who  abandoned  the  avoca- 
tions of  peace  and  shed  their  blood  in  the  ranks  of  the  volun- 
teers. How  richly  they  have  earned  a  nation's  love,  a  nation's 
gratitude,  with  what  heroism  they  have  confronted  death,  have 
wrested  victory  from  a  stubborn  foe,  and  have  illustrated  de- 
feat, it  well  becomes  me  to  say,  for  it  has  been  my  lot  to 
command  them  on  many  a  sanguinary  field.  I  know  that  I 
but  echo  the  feeling  of  the  regulars  when  I  award  the  high 
credit  they  deserve  to  their  brave  brethren  of  the  volunteers. 

But  we  of  the  regular  army  have  no  States  to  look  to  for  the 
honors  due  our  dead.  We  belong  to  the  whole  country,  and 
can  neither  expect  nor  desire  the  general  government  to  make 
a  perhaps  invidious  distinction  in  our  favor.  We  are  few  in 
number,  a  small  band  of  comrades,  united  by  peculiar  and  very 
binding  ties  ;  for  with  many  of  us  our  friendships  were  com- 
menced in  boyhood,  when  we  rested  here  in  the  shadow  of 
the  granite  hills  which  look  down  upon  us  where  we  stand  ; 
with  others  the  ties  of  brotherhood  were  formed  in  more  ma- 
ture years,  while  fighting  among  the  rugged  mountains  and  the 
fertile  valleys  of  Mexico  —  within  hearing  of  the  eternal  waves 
of  the  Pacific,  or  in  the  lonely  grandeur  of  the  great  plains  of 


32  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

the  far  West.  With  all,  our  love  and  confidence  have  been 
cemented  by  common  dangers  and  sufferings,  on  the  toilsome 
march,  in  the  dreary  bivouac,  and  amid  the  clash  of  arms,  and 
in  the  presence  of  death  on  scores  of  battle-fields.  West  Point, 
with  her  large  heart,  adopts  us  all — graduates  and  those  appointed 
from  civil  life,  officers  and  privates.  In  her  eyes  we  are  all 
her  children,  jealous  of  her  fame,  and  eager  to  sustain  her 
world-wide  reputation.  Generals  and  private  soldiers,  men 
who  have  cheerfully  offered  our  all  for  our  dear  country,  we 
stand  here  before  this  shrine,  ever  hereafter  sacred  to  our  dead, 
equals  and  brothers  in  the  presence  of  the  common  death 
which  awaits  us  all,  perhaps  on  the  same  field  and  at  the  same 
hour.  Such  are  the  ties  which  unite  us,  the  most  endearing 
which  exist  among  men ;  such  the  relations  which  bind  us  to- 
gether, the  closest  of  the  sacred  brotherhood  of  arms. 

It  has  therefore  seemed,  and  it  is  fitting,  that  we  should 
erect  upon  this  spot,  so  sacred  to  us  all,  an  enduring  monu- 
ment to  our  dear  brothers  who  have  preceded  us  upon  the  path 
of  peril  and  of  honor,  which  it  is  the  destiny  of  many  of  us 
to  tread. 

What  is  this  regular  army  to  which  we  belong  ? 

Who  were  the  men  whose  death  merits  such  honors  from  the 
living  ? 

What  is  the  cause  for  which  they  have  laid  down  their  lives  ? 

Our  regular  or  permanent  army  is  the  nucleus  which,  in  time 
of  peace,  preserves  the  military  traditions  of  the  nation,  as  well 
as  the  organization,  science  and  instruction  indispensable  to 
modern  armies.  It  may  be  regarded  as  co-eval  with  the  na- 
tion. It  derives  its  origin  from  the  old  Continental  and  State 
lines  of  the  Revolution,  whence,  with  some  interruptions  and 
many  changes,  it  has  attained  its  present  condition.  In  fact, 
we  may  with  propriety  go  even  beyond  the  Revolution  to  seek 
the  roots  of  our  genealogical  tree  in  the  old  French  wars,  for 
the  Cis-Atlantic  campaigns  of  the  Seven  Years'  War  were  not 


AT  WEST    POINT  33 

confined  to  the  "red  men  scalping  each  other  by  the  great  lakes 
of  North  America/'  and  it  was  in  them  that  ou-r  ancestors  first 
participated  as  Americans  in  the  large  operations  of  civilized 
armies.  American  regiments  then  fought  on  the  banks  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  and  the  Ohio,  on  the  shores  of  Ontario  and 
Lake  George,  on  the  islands  of  the  Caribbean  and  in  South 
America.  Louisburg,  Quebec,  Duquesne,  the  Moro,  and 
Porto  Bello,  attest  the  value  of  the  provincial  troops,  and  in 
that  school  were  educated  such  soldiers  as  Washington,  Put- 
nam, Lee,  Montgomery  and  Gates.  These,  and  men  like 
Greene,  Knox,  Wayne  and  Steuben,  were  the  fathers  of  our 
permanent  army,  and  under  them  our  troops  acquired  that  dis- 
cipline and  steadiness  which  enabled  them  to  meet  upon  equal 
terms,  and  often  to  defeat,  the  tried  veterans  of  England.  The 
study  of  the  history  of  the  Revolution,  and  a  perusal  of  the 
despatches  of  Washington,  will  convince  the  most  skeptical  of 
the  value  of  the  permanent  army  in  achieving  our  independence 
and  establishing  the  civil  edifice  which  we  are  now  fighting  to 
preserve. 

The  War  of  1812  found  the  army  on  a  footing  far  from  ad- 
equate to  the  emergency,  but  it  was  rapidly  increased,  and  of 
the  new  generation  of  soldiers  many  proved  equal  to  the 
requirements  of  the  occasion.  Lundy's  Lane,  Chippewa, 
Queenstown,  Plattsburg,  New  Orleans  —  all  bear  witness  to 
the  gallantry  of  the  regulars. 

Then  came  an  interval  of  more  than  thirty  years  of  external 
peace,  marked  by  so  many  changes  in  the  organization  and 
strength  of  the  regular  army,  and  broken  at  times  by  tedious  and 
bloody  Indian  wars.  Of  these  the  most  remarkable  were  the 
Black  Hawk  War,  in  which  our  troops  met  unflinchingly  a  foe 
as  relentless,  and  far  more  destructive  than  the  Indians — that 
terrible  scourge,  the  cholera ;  and  the  tedious  Florida  War, 
where,  for  many  years,  the  Seminoles  eluded  in  the  pestilential 
swamps  our  utmost  efforts,  and  in  which  were  displayed  such 

3  f 


34  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

traits  of  heroism  as  that  commemorated  by  yonder  monument 
to  Dade  and  his  command,  "  when  all  fell,  save  three,  without 
an  attempt  to  retreat. "  At  last  came  the  Mexican  War,  to 
replace  Indian  combats  and  the  monotony  of  the  frontier  ser- 
vice, and  for  the  first  time  in  many  years  the  mass  of  the  regu- 
lar army  was  concentrated,  and  took  the  principal  part  in  the 
battles  of  that  remarkable  and  romantic  war.  Palo  Alto,  Re- 
saca,  and  Fort  Brown,  were  the  achievements  of  the  regulars 
unaided;  and  as  to  the  battles  of  Monterey,  Buena  Vista,  Vera 
Cruz,  Cerro  Gordo,  and  the  final  triumphs  in  the  valley,  none 
can  truly  say  that  they  could  have  been  won  without  the  regu- 
lars. When  peace  crowned  our  victories  in  the  capital  of  the 
Montezumas,  the  army  was  at  once  dispersed  over  the  long  fron- 
tier, and  engaged  in  harassing  and  dangerous  wars  with  the  Indians 
of  the  plains.  Thus  thirteen  long  years  were  spent,  until  the 
present  war  broke  out,  and  the  mass  of  the  army  was  drawn  in 
to  be  employed  against  a  domestic  foe. 

I  cannot  proceed  to  the  events  of  the  recent  past  and  the 
present  without  adverting  to  the  gallant  men  who  were  so  long 
of  our  number,  but  who  have  now  gone  to  their  last  home;  for  no 
small  portion  of  the  glory  of  which  we  boast  was  reflected  from 
such  men  as  Taylor,  Worth,  Brady,  Brooks,  Totten,  and 
Duncan. 

There  is  a  sad  story  of  Venetian  history  that  has  moved 
many  a  heart,  and  often  employed  the  poet's  pen  and  the 
painter's  pencil.  It  is  of  an  old  man  whose  long  life  was  glo- 
riously spent  in  the  service  of  the  state  as  a  warrior  and  a  states- 
man, and  who,  when  his  hair  was  white  and  his  feeble  limbs 
could  scarce  carry  his  bent  form  toward  the  grave,  attained  the 
highest  honors  that  a  Venetian  citizen  could  reach.  He  was 
Doge  of  Venice.  Convicted  of  treason  against  the  state,  he 
not  only  lost  his  life,  but  suffered  beside  a  penalty  which  will 
endure  as  long  as  the  name  of  Venice  is  remembered.  The 
spot  where  his  portrait  should  have  hung  in  the  great  hall  of 


AT  WEST   POINT  35 

the  doge's  palace  was  veiled  with  black,  and  there  still  remains 
the  frame,  with  its  black  mass  of  canvas  —  and  this  vacant  frame 
is  the  most  conspicuous  in  the  long  line  of  effigies  of  illustrious 
doges  ! 

Oh  !  that  such  a  pall  as  that  which  replaces  the  portrait  of 
Marino  Faliero  could  conceal  from  history  the  names  of  those, 
once  our  comrades,  who  are  now  in  arms  against  the  flag  under 
which  we  fought  side  by  side  in  years  gone  by.  But  no  veil 
can  cover  the  anguish  that  fills  our  hearts  when  we  look  back 
upon  the  sad  memory  of  the  past,  and  recall  the  affection 
and  respect  we  entertained  toward  men  against  whom  it  is  our 
duty  to  act  in  mortal  combat.  Would  that  the  courage,  ability 
and  steadfastness  they  displayed  had  been  employed  in  the  de- 
fense of  the  "Stars  and  Stripes"  against  a  foreign  foe,  rather 
than  in  this  gratuitous  and  unjustifiable  rebellion,  which  could 
not  be  so  long  maintained  but  for  the  skill  and  energy  of  those, 
our  former  comrades!  •  * 

But  we  have  reason  to  rejoice  that  upon  this  day,  so  sacred 
and  so  eventful  for  us,  one  grand  old  mortal  monument  of  the 
past  still  lifts  high  his  head  amongst  us,  and  graces  by  his  pres- 
ence the  consecration  of  this  tomb  of  his  children.  We  may 
well  be  proud  that  we  have  been  commanded  by  the  hero  who 
purchased  victory  with  his  blood  near  the  great  waters  of  Ni- 
agara, who  repeated  and  eclipsed  the  achievements  of  Cortez ; 
who,  although  a  consummate  and  confident  commander,  ever 
preferred,  when  duty  and  honor  would  permit,  the  olive  branch 
of  peace  to  the  blood-stained  laurels  of  war,  and  who  stands, 
at  the  close  of  a  long,  glorious  and  eventful  life,  a  living  column 
of  granite  against  which  have  beaten  in  vain  alike  the  blandish- 
ments and  the  storms  of  treason.  His  name  will  ever  be  one  of  our 
proudest  boasts  and  most  moving  inspirations.  In  long-distant 
ages,  when  this  incipient  monument  has  become  venerable,  moss- 
clad,  and  perhaps  ruinous,  when  the  names  inscribed  upon  it  shall 
seem,  to  those  who  pause  to  read  them,  indistinct  mementos  of 


36  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

an  almost  mythical  past,  the  name  of  Winfield  Scott  will  still 
be  clear  cut  upon  the  memory  of  them  all,  like  the  still  fresh 
carving  upon  the  monuments  of  long-forgotten  Pharaohs. 

But  it  is  time  to  approach  the  present. 

In  the  war  which  now  shakes  the  land  to  its  foundation,  the 
regular  army  has  borne  a  most  honorable  part.  Too  few  in 
numbers  to  act  by  themselves,  regular  regiments  have  partici- 
pated in  every  great  battle  in  the  East,  and  in  most  of  those 
west  of  the  Alleghanies.  Their  terrible  losses  and  diminished 
numbers  prove  that  they  have  been  in  the  thickest  of  the  fights, 
and  the  testimony  of  their  comrades  and  commanders  shows 
with  what  undaunted  heroism  they  have  upheld  their  ancient 
renown.  Their  vigorous  charges  have  often  won  the  day,  and 
in  defeat  they  have  more  than  once  saved  the  army  from  de- 
struction or  terrible  losses  by  the  obstinacy  with  which  they 
resisted  overpowering  numbers.  They  can  refer  with  pride  to 
the  part  they  played  upon  the  glorious  fields  of  Mexico,  and 
exult  at  the  recollection  of  what  they  did  at  Manassas,  Gaines's 
Mill,  Malvern,  Antietam,  Shiloh,  Stone  River,  Gettysburg, 
and  the  great  battles  just  fought  from  the  Rapidan  to  the  Chick- 
ahominy.  They  can  also  point  to  the  officers  who  have  risen 
among  them  and  achieved  great  deeds  for  their  country  in  this 
war ;  —  to  the  living  warriors  whose  names  are  on  the  nation's 
tongue  and  heart,  too  numerous  to  be  repeated  here,  yet  not 
one  of  whom  I  could  willingly  omit. 

But  perhaps  the  proudest  episode  in  the  history  of  the  regu- 
lar army  is  that  touching  instance  of  fidelity  on  the  part  of  the 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  who,  treacherously 
made  prisoners  in  Texas,  resisted  every  temptation  to  violate 
their  oath  and  desert  their  flag.  Offered  commissions  in  the 
rebel  service,  money  and  land  freely  tendered  them,  they  all 
scorned  the  inducements  held  out  to  them,  submitted  to  every 
hardship,  and  when  at  last  exchanged,  avenged  themselves  on 
the  field  of  battle  for  the  unavailing  insult  offered  their  integ- 


AT  WEST    POINT  37 

rity.  History  affords  no  brighter  example  of  honor  than  that 
of  these  brave  men,  tempted,  as  I  blush  to  say  they  were,  by 
some  of  their  former  officers,  who,  having  themselves  proved 
false  to  their  flag,  endeavored  to  seduce  the  men  who  had  often 
followed  them  in  combat,  and  who  had  naturally  regarded  them 
with  respect  and  love. 

Such  is  the  regular  army  —  such  its  history  and  antecedents 
—  such  its  officers  and  men.  It  needs  no  herald  to  trumpet 
forth  its  praises  ;  it  can  proudly  appeal  to  the  numerous  fields, 
from  the  tropics  to  the  frozen  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  from 
the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  fertilized  by  the  blood  and  whit- 
ened by  the  bones  of  its  members.  But  I  will  not  pause  to 
eulogize  it.  Let  its  deeds  speak  for  it ;  they  are  more  elo- 
quent than  tongue  of  mine. 

Why  are  we  here  to-day  ? 

This  is  not  the  funeral  of  one  brave  warrior,  nor  even  of 
the  harvest  of  death  on  a  single  battle-field,  but  these  are  the 
obsequies  of  the  best  and  bravest  of  the  children  of  the  land, 
who  have  fallen  in  actions  almost  numberless,  many  of  them 
among  the  most  sanguinary  and  desperate  of  which  history 
bears  record.  The  men  whose  names  and  deeds  we  now 
seek  to  perpetuate,  rendering  them  the  highest  honor  in  our 
power,  have  fallen  wherever  armed  rebellion  showed  its  front — 
in  far-distant  New  Mexico,  in  the  broad  valley  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, on  the  bloody  hunting-grounds  of  Kentucky,  in  the 
mountains  of  Tennessee,  amid  the  swamps  of  Carolina,  on  the 
fertile  fields  of  Maryland,  and  in  the  blood-stained  thickets  of 
Virginia.  They  were  of  all  the  grades  —  from  the  general 
officer  to  the  private  ;  of  all  ages  —  from  the  gray-haired  vet- 
eran, of  fifty  years'  service,  to  the  beardless  youth  ;  of  all  de- 
grees of  cultivation  —  from  the  man  of  science  to  the  unedu- 
cated boy.  It  is  not  necessary,  nor  is  it  possible,  to  repeat 
the  mournful  yet  illustrious  roll  of  dead  heroes  whom  we  have 
met  to  honor.  Nor  shall  I  attempt  to  name  all  of  those  who 

3A 


38  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

most  merit  praise  —  simply   a   few    who  will    exemplify  the 
classes  to  which  they  belong. 

Among  the  last  slain,  but  among  the  first  in  honor  and  repu- 
tation, was  that  hero  of  twenty  battles  —  John  Sedgwick. 
Gentle  and  kind  as  a  woman,  brave  as  a  brave  man  can  be, 
honest,  sincere,  and  able  —  he  was  a  model  that  all  may  strive 
to  imitate,  but  whom  few  can  equal.  In  the  terrible  battles 
which  just  preceded  his  death,  he  had  occasion  to  display  the 
highest  qualities  of  a  commander  and  a  soldier  ;  yet  after  es- 
caping the  stroke  of  death  when  men  fell  around  him  by  thou- 
sands, he  at  last  met  his  fate  at  a  moment  of  comparative  quiet, 
by  the  ball  of  a  single  rifleman.  He  died  as  a  soldier  would 
choose  to  die  —  with  truth  in  his  heart,  and  a  sweet,  tranquil 
smile  upon  his  face.  Alas  !  our  great  nation  possesses  few  sons 
like  true  John  Sedgwick. 

Like  him  fell,  too,  at  the  very  head  of  their  corps,  the  white- 
haired  Mansfield,  after  a  long  career  of  usefulness,  illustrated 
by  his  skill  and  cool  courage  at  Fort  Brown,  Monterey,  and 
Buena  Vista;  John  F.  Reynolds  and  Reno,  both  in  the  full 
vigor  of  manhood  and  intellect  —  men  who  had  proved  their 
ability  and  chivalry  on  many  a  field  in  Mexico  and  in  this 
civil  war,  gallant  gentlemen  of  whom  their  country  had  much 
to  hope,  had  it  pleased  God  to  spare  their  lives.  Lyon  fell  in 
the  prime  of  life,  leading  his  little  army  against  superior  num- 
bers, his  brief  career  affording  a  brilliant  example  of  patriotism 
and  ability.  The  impetuous  Kearny,  and  such  brave  generals 
as  Richardson,  Williams,  Terrill,  Stevens,  Weed,  Strong, 
Saunders  and  Hayes,  lost  their  lives  while  in  the  midst  of 
a  career  of  usefulness.  Young  Bayard,  so  like  the  most  re- 
nowned of  his  name,  that  "  knight  above  fear  and  above  re- 
proach," was  cut  off  too  early  for  his  country,  and  that  excel- 
lent staff-officer,  Colonel  Garesche,  fell  while  gallantly  doing 
his  duty. 

No  regiments  can  spare  such  gallant,  devoted  and  able  com- 


AT  WEST    POINT  39 

manders  as  Rossell,  Davis,  Gore,  Simmons,  Bailey,  Putnam 
and  Kingsbury  —  all  of  whom  fell  in  the  thickest  of  the  com- 
bat —  some  of  them  veterans,  and  others  young  in  service,  all 
good  men  and  well-beloved. 

Our  batteries  have  partially  paid  their  terrible  debt  to  fate  in 
the  loss  of  such  commanders  as  Greble,  the  first  to  fall  in  this 
war,  Benson,  Hazzard,  Smead,  De  Hart,  Hazlitt,  and  those  gal- 
lant boys,  Kirby,  Woodruff,  Dimmick  and  Gushing  ;  while  the 
engineers  lament  the  promising  and  gallant  Wagner  and  Cross. 

Beneath  remote  battle-fields  rest  the  corpses  of  the  heroic 
McRea,  Reed,  Bascom,  Stone,  Sweet,  and  many  other  com- 
pany officers. 

Besides  these  were  hosts  of  veteran  sergeants,  corporals  and 
privates  who  had  fought  under  Scott  in  Mexico,  or  contended 
in  many  combats  with  the  savages  of  the  far  West  and  Florida; 
and,  mingled  with  them,  young  soldiers  who,  courageous, 
steady  and  true,  met  death  unflinchingly,  without  the  hope  of 
personal  glory.  These  men,  in  their  more  humble  sphere, 
served  their  country  with  as  much  faith  and  honor  as  the  most  il- 
lustrious generals,  and  all  of  them  with  perfect  singleness  of  heart. 
Although  their  names  may  not  live  in  history,  their  actions, 
loyalty,  and  courage  will  live.  Their  memories  will  long  be 
preserved  in  their  regiments,  for  there  were  many  of  them  who 
merited  as  proud  a  distinction  as  that  accorded  to  the  "first 
grenadier  of  France, "  or  to  that  other  Russian  soldier  who  gave 
his  life  for  his  comrades. 

But  there  is  another  class  of  men  who  have  gone  from  us  since 
this  war  commenced,  whose  fate  it  was  not  to  die  in  battle, 
but  who  are  none  the  less  entitled  to  be  mentioned  here. 
There  was  Sumner,  a  brave,  honest,  chivalrous  veteran,  of 
more  than  half  a  century's  service,  who  had  confronted  death 
unflinchingly  on  scores  of  battlefields,  had  shown  his  gray  head 
serene  and  cheerful  where  death  most  revelled,  who  more  than 
once  told  me  that  he  believed  and  hoped  that  his  long  career 


40  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

would  end  amid  the  din  of  battle  —  he  died  at  home  from  the 
effects  of  the  hardships  of  his  campaigns. 

The  most  excellent  soldier,  the  elegant  C.  F.  Smith,  whom 
many  of  us  remember  to  have  seen  so  often  on  this  plain,  with 
his  superb  bearing,  escaped  the  bullet  to  fall  a  victim  to  the 
disease  which  has  deprived  the  army  of  so  many  of  its  best 
soldiers. 

John  Buford,  cool  and  intrepid  ;  Mitchell,  eminent  in  sci- 
ence; Plummer,  Palmer,  and  many  other  officers  and  men, 
lost  their  lives  by  sickness  contracted  in  the  field. 

But  I  cannot  close  this  long  list  of  glorious  martyrs  without 
paying  a  sacred  debt  of  official  duty  and  personal  friendship. 
There  was  one  dead  soldier  who  possessed  peculiar  claims 
upon  my  love  and  gratitude.  He  was  an  ardent  patriot,  an 
unselfish  man,  a  true  soldier,  the  beau  ideal  of  a  staff-officer  — 
he  was  my  aide-de-camp,  Colonel  Colburn. 

There  is  a  lesson  to  be  drawn  from  the  death  and  services  of 
these  glorious  men  which  we  should  read  for  the  present  and 
future  benefit  of  the  nation.  War  in  these  modern  days  is  a 
science,  and  it  should  now  be  clear  to  the  most  prejudiced  that 
for  the  organization  and  command  of  armies,  and  the  high  com- 
binations of  strategy,  perfect  familiarity  with  the  theoretical 
science  of  war  is  requisite.  To  count  upon  success  when  the 
plans  or  execution  of  campaigns  are  intrusted  to  men  who  have 
no  knowledge  of  war,  is  as  idle  as  to  expect  the  legal  wisdom 
of  a  Story  or  a  Kent  from  a  skilful  physician. 

But  what  is  the  honorable  and  holy  cause  for  which  these 
men  laid  down  their  lives,  and  for  which  the  nation  still  de- 
mands the  sacrifice  of  the  precious  blood  of  so  many  of  her 
children? 

Soon  after  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  it  was  found 
that  the  Confederacy,  which  had  grown  up  during  that  memor- 
able contest,  was  fast  falling  to  pieces  from  its  own  weight. 
The  central  power  was  too  weak ;  it  could  only  recommend 


AT  WEST    POINT  41 

to  the  different  States  such  measures  as  seemed  best ;  and  it 
possessed  no  real  power  to  legislate,  because  it  lacked  the  ex- 
ecutive force  to  compel  obedience  to  its  laws.  The  national 
credit  and  self-respect  had  disappeared,  and  it  was  feared  by 
the  friends  of  human  liberty  throughout  the  world  that  ours  was 
but  another  added  to  the  long  list  of  fruitless  attempts  at  self- 
government.  The  nation  was  evidently  upon  the  brink  of  ruin 
and  dissolution,  when,  some  eighty  years  ago,  many  of  the 
wisest  and  most  patriotic  of  the  land  met  to  seek  a  remedy  for 
the  great  evils  which  threatened  to  destroy  the  great  work  of 
the  Revolution.  Their  sessions  were  long,  and  often  stormy; 
for  a  time  the  most  sanguine  doubted  tlie  possibility  of  a 
successful  termination  to  their  labors.  But,  from  amidst 
the  conflict  of  sectional  interests,  of  party  prejudices,  and  of 
personal  selfishness,  the  spirit  of  wisdom  and  conciliation  at 
length  evoked  the  Constitution,  under  which  we  have  lived  so 
long. 

It  was  not  formed  in  a  day,  but  was  the  result  of  patient 
labor,  of  lofty  wisdom,  and  of  the  purest  patriotism.  It  was 
at  last  adopted  by  the  people  of  all  the  States  —  although  by 
some  reluctantly  —  not  as  being  exactly  what  all  desired,  but 
as  being  the  best  possible  under  the  circumstances.  It  was 
accepted  as  giving  us  a  form  of  government  under  which  the 
nation  might  live  happily  and  prosper,  so  long  as  the  people 
should  continue  to  be  influenced  by  the  same  sentiments  which 
actuated  those  who  formed  it,  and  which  would  not  be  liable 
to  destruction  from  internal  causes,  so  long  as  the  people  pre- 
served the  recollection  of  the  miseries  and  calamities  which  led 
to  its  adoption. 

Under  this  beneficent  Constitution  the  progress  of  the  na- 
tion was  unexampled  in  history.  The  rights  and  liberties  of 
its  citizens  were  secure  at  home  and  abroad  ;  vast  territories 
were  rescued  from  the  control  of  the  savage  and  the  wild 
beast,  and  added  to  the  domain  of  civilization  and  the  Union. 


42  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

The  arts,  the  sciences,  and  commerce,  grew  apace  ;  our  flag 
floated  upon  every  sea,  and  we  took  our  place  among  the  great 
nations  of  the  earth. 

But  under  the  smooth  surface  of  prosperity  upon  which  we 
glided  swiftly,  with  all  sails  set  before  the  summer  breeze, 
dangerous  reefs  were  hidden  which  now  and  then  caused  rip- 
ples upon  the  surface,  and  made  anxious  the  more  cautious 
pilots.  Elated  by  success,  the  ship  swept  on,  the  crew  not 
heeding  the  warnings  they  received,  forgetful  of  the  dangers 
they  escaped  in  the  beginning  of  the  voyage,  and  blind  to  the 
hideous  maelstrom  which  gaped  to  receive  and  destroy  them. 
The  same  elements  of  discordant  sectional  prejudices,  interests, 
and  institutions,  which  had  rendered  the  formation  of  the  Con- 
stitution so  difficult,  threatened  more  than  once  to  destroy  it. 
But  for  a  long  time  the  nation  was  so  fortunate  as  to  possess  a 
series  of  political  leaders  who,  to  the  highest  abilities,  united 
the  same  spirit  of  conciliation  which  animated  the  founders  of 
the  Republic,  and  thus  for  many  years  the  threatened  evils 
were  averted.  Time  and  long-continued  good  fortune  obliter- 
ated the  recollection  of  the  calamities  and  wretchedness  of  the 
years  preceding  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution.  Men  for- 
got that  conciliation,  common  interest,  and  mutual  charity, 
had  been  the  foundation  and  must  be  the  support  of  our  govern- 
ment —  as  is  indeed  the  case  with  all  governments  and  all  the 
relations  of  life.  At  length  men  appeared  with  whom  sec- 
tional and  personal  prejudices  and  interests  outweighed  all  con- 
siderations for  the  general  good.  Extremists  of  one  section 
furnished  the  occasion,  eagerly  seized  as  a  pretext  by  equally 
extreme  men  in  the  other,  for  abandoning  the  pacific  remedies 
and  protection  afforded  by  the  Constitution,  and  seeking  re- 
dress for  possible  future  evils  in  war  and  the  destruction  of  the 
Union. 

Stripped  of  all  sophistry  and  side  issues,  the  direct  cause  of 
the  war  as  it  presented  itself  to  the  honest  and  patriotic  citi- 


AT  WEST    POINT 


43 


zens  of  the  North,  was  simply  this  :  Certain  States,  or  rather, 
a  portion  of  the  inhabitants  of  certain  States,  feared,  or  pro- 
fessed to  fear,  that  injury  would  result  to  their  rights  and  prop- 
erty from  the  elevation  of  a  particular  party  to  power.  Al- 
though the  Constitution  and  the  actual  condition  of  the  govern- 
ment provided  them  with  a  peaceable  and  sure  protection 
against  the  apprehended  evil,  they  preferred  to  seek  security  in 
the  destruction  of  the  government,  which  could  protect  them, 
and  in  the  use  of  force  against  the  national  troops  holding  a 
national  fortress. 

To  efface  the  insult  offered  our  flag ;  to  save  ourselves  from 
the  fate  of  the  divided  republics  of  Italy  and  South  America, 
to  preserve  our  government  from  destruction,  to  enforce  its 
just  power  and  laws,  to  maintain  our  very  existence  as  a 
nation  —  these  were  the  causes  that  compelled  us  to  draw  the 
sword. 

Rebellion  against  a  government  like  ours,  which  contains  the 
means  of  self-adjustment,  and  a  pacific  remedy  for  evils,  should 
never  be  confounded  with  a  revolution  against  despotic  power, 
which  refuses  redress  of  wrongs.  Such  a  rebellion  cannot  be 
justified  upon  ethical  grounds,  and  the  only  alternative  for  our 
choice  is  its  suppression,  or  the  destruction  of  our  nationality. 
At  such  a  time  as  this,  and  in  such  a  struggle,  political  partisan- 
ship should  be  merged  in  a  true  and  brave  patriotism,  which 
thinks  only  of  the  good  of  the  whole  country. 

It  was  in  this  cause,  and  with  these  motives,  that  so  many  of 
our  comrades  gave  their  lives,  and  to  this  we  are  all  person- 
ally pledged  in  all  honor  and  fidelity.  Shall  such  a  devotion  as 
that  of  our  dead  comrades  be  of  no  avail  ?  Shall  it  be  said  in 
after  ages  that  we  lacked  the  vigor  to  complete  the  work 
thus  begun  ?  that,  after  all  these  noble  lives  freely  given,  we 
hesitated,  and  failed  to  keep  straight  on  until  our  land  was  saved  ? 
Forbid  it,  Heaven,  and  give  us  firmer,  truer  hearts  than  that  ! 

Oh,  spirits  of  the  valiant  dead,  souls  of  our  slain  heroes,  lend 


44  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

us  your  own  indomitable  will,  and  if  it  be  permitted  you  to 
commune  with  those  still  chained  by  the  trammels  of  mortality, 
hover  around  us  in  the  midst  of  danger  and  tribulation,  cheer 
the  firm,  strengthen  the  weak,  that  none  may  doubt  the  salvation 
of  the  republic  and  the  triumph  of  our  grand  old  flag  ! 

In  the  midst  of  the  storms  which  toss  our  ship  of  state,  there 
is  one  great  beacon  light,  to  which  we  can  ever  turn  with  con- 
fidence and  hope.  It  cannot  be  that  this  great  nation  has  played 
its  part  in  history  ;  it  cannot  be  that  our  sun,  which  arose  with 
such  bright  promises  for  the  future,  has  already  set  for  ever.  It 
must  be  the  intention  of  the  overruling  Deity  that  this  land,  so 
long  the  asylum  of  the  oppressed,  the  refuge  of  civil  and  re- 
ligious liberty,  shall  again  stand  forth  in  bright  relief,  united, 
purified,  and  chastened  by  our  trials,  as  an  example  and  en- 
couragement for  those  who  desire  the  progress  of  the  human 
race.  It  is  not  given  to  our  weak  intellects  to  understand  the 
steps  of  Providence  as  they  occur  ;  we  comprehend  them  only 
as  we  look  upon  them  in  the  far  distant  past. 

So  is  it  now. 

We  cannot  unravel  the  seemingly  tangled  skein  ot  the  pur- 
poses of  the  Creator  —  they  are  too  high  and  far-reaching  for 
our  limited  minds.  But  all  history  and  his  own  revealed  word 
teach  us  that  his  ways,  although  inscrutable,  are  ever  righteous. 
Let  us  then  honestly  and  manfully  play  our  part,  seek  to  un- 
derstand and  perform  our  whole  duty,  and  trust  unwaveringly 
in  the  beneficence  of  the  God  who  led  our  ancestors  across  the 
sea,  and  sustained  them  afterward,  amid  dangers  more  appalling 
even  than  those  encountered  by  his  own  chosen  people  in  their 
great  exodus.  He  did  not  bring  us  here  in  vain,  nor  has  he 
supported  us  thus  far  for  naught.  If  we  do  our  duty  and  trust 
in  him,  he  will  not  desert  us  in  our  need. 

Firm  in  our  faith  that  God  will  save  our  country,  we  now 
dedicate  this  site  to  the  memory  of  brave  men,  to  loyalty,  pa- 
triotism, and  honor. 


AT  WEST   POINT  45 

BENEDICTION. 

May  the  God  of  our  fathers  and  our  God,  succeed  with  his 
divine  benediction  the  solemn  and  interesting  services  of  this 
occasion.  May  he  conduct,  by  his  gracious  providence,  the 
work  commenced  to-day  to  successful  completion.  May  the 
monument  here  to  be  raised  in  honor  of  the  illustrious  dead, 
inspire  with  all  the  ardor  of  a  sound  Christian  patriotism,  the 
soldiers  of  our  common  country  here  trained  for  its  defence  ; 
may  it  prove  to  them  a  constant  remembrancer  of  their  mortality, 
and  keep  alive  upon  the  altar  of  their  hearts  the  flame  of  devo- 
tion to  God,  to  country,  to  the  Union,  the  Constitution,  and 
the  immutable  principles  of  truth  and  justice  ;  and  may  the 
blessing  of  the  triune  God,  the  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Spirit, 
be  with  you  all.  Amen. 


46  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  October  20,  1864. 

On  the  call  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Association, 
First  Lieutenant  C.  C.  Parsons,  4th  Artillery,  a 
meeting  of  the  officers  of  the  Army,  present  at  the 
Post,  was  held,  for  the  transaction  of  such  busi- 
ness in  regard  to  the  "  Battle  Monument "  as  might 
be  brought  before  them.  Prof.  H.  L.  Kendrick 
in  the  chair. 

The  Secretary  having  been  ordered  from  the 
Post,  his  resignation  was  tendered  and  accepted, 
and  upon  motion  Captain  F.  L.  Guenther,  5th 
Artillery,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  thus  oc- 
curring. 

Upon  motion,  it  was  Resolved.  That  all  officers 
of  the  Army,  present  at  the  Post,  on  duty  or  other- 
wise, be  constituted  a  "Monument  Committee." 
A  motion  that  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Association  should  consist  of  the  President,  Trea- 
surer and  Secretary,  and  eight  other  members,  was 
adopted. 

Upon  motion,  the  following  officers  were  elected 
to  constitute  the  Executive  Committee,  viz. : 

Brig.-Gen.  Geo.  W.  Cullum,  President 

Professor  A.  E.  Church,  treasurer 

Captain  F.  L.  Guenther,  5th  Artillery,  Secretary 

Colonel  H.  M.  Black 

Captain  George  H.  Mendall,  U.  S.  Engineers 

Captain  Lorenzo  Lorain,  3d  Artillery 


AT  WEST   POINT  47 

Captain  A.  K.  Arnold,  ^th  Cavalry 

Captain  A.  T.  Smith,  8th  Infantry 

Captain  R.  M.  Hill,  Ordnance  Department 

Lieut.  H.  B.  Noble,  8th  Infantry 

Assistant  Surgeon  E.  S.  Dunster,  Medical  Dept. 

Upon  motion,  it  was 

Resolved.  That  the  thanks  of  the  Association 
be  tendered  to  the  retiring  Secretary,  First  Lieut. 
C.  C.  Parsons,  4th  Artillery,  for  the  zealous  and 
able  manner  in  which  he  has  performed  the  duties 
of  his  office. 

There  being  no  further  business  before  it,  the 
meeting,  upon  motion,  adjourned  to  meet  again 
on  the  call  of  the  Secretary. 

F.  L,  Guenther,  Captain  _fth  Artillery, 

Secretary. 

At  some  time  not  shown  by  the  record  an  invi- 
tation to  submit  designs  for  the  monument  was 
issued  by  the  Committee  on  Design.  To  what 
extent  responses  were  obtained  and  what  their 
character  does  not  appear. 

The  invitation  was  as  follows : 

The  BATTLE  MONUMENT  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  will  receive 
DESIGNS  for  the  MONUMENT  TO  BE  ERECTED  AT  WEST  POINT, 
N.  Y.,  to  the  Memory  of  the  OFFICERS  and  ENLISTED  MEN  of 
the  REGULAR  ARMY  who  shall  have  fallen  during  the  present 
war,  as  follows  : 

Sufficient  expanse  of  surface  is  required  to  receive  inscrip- 
tions of  the  name,  rank,  place  of  decease,  etc.,  etc.,  of  all 


48  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Officers  of  the  Regular  Army  who  shall  have  fallen  during  the 
war,  and  a  general  tablet  for  the  enlisted  men. 

In  connection  with  the  monument,  should  be  embraced  a  plan 
for  a  mausoleum,  or  place  of  interment,  for  the  remains  of  such 
officers  as  may  be  brought  to  West  Point  for  burial. 

Full  drawings,  with  the  usual  details,  must  be  made,  accom- 
panied by  an  estimate  of  the  cost  —  this  not  to  exceed  $25,000. 
A  premium  of  $250  will  be   paid  for  the   design  which  is 
finally  accepted. 

It  is  desirable  that  designs  be  sent  in  as  early  as  possible, 
in  order  that  they  may  be  carefully  considered  before  a  selec- 
tion is  made. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  by  addressing  the  Secre- 
tary at  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

A.  H.  Bowman,  Col.  of  Engrs.,  Chairman , 
H.  B.  Clitz,  Lieut. -Col.  and  Comdt., 
W.  A.  Elderkin,  First  Lieut,  ist  Art., 

Committee  on  Design. 
C.  C.  Parsons,  First  Lieut.  4th  Art.,  Secretary. 


During  the  period  from  October,  1864,  until  the 
call  of  General  Schofield  of  Sept.  9, 1878,  the  funds 
of  the  Association  had  been  gradually  accumulat- 
ing under  the  admirable  management  of  the  Trea- 
surer, Professor  Church.  Upon  his  death  a  meeting 
was  called  pursuant  to  the  following  circular : 

U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  Y., 

September  9,  1878. 

All  officers  of  the  army  on  duty  at  West  Point 
are  requested  to  attend  a  meeting  at  the  Officers' 


AT  WEST    POINT  49 

Mess  at  7.30  this  evening  to  transact  important 
business  appertaining  to  the  Battle  Monument  Asso- 
ciation. 

A  full  attendance  is  respectfully  desired. 

J.  M.  Schofield, 
Major-General  and  Superintendent. 

This  meeting  of  the  officers  of  the  Army  on 
duty  at  West  Point  was  held  in  the  Officers'  Mess 
at  7.30  P.  M.  Monday,  the  gth  of  September,  1878, 
Major-General  J.  M.  Schofield,  Superintendent  and 
ex-officio  President  of  the  Battle  Monument  As- 
sociation, in  the  chair. 

The  President  stated  the  object  of  the  meeting 
to  be  to  elect  officers  and  fill  vacancies  upon  the 
Executive  Committee  occasioned  by  death  and  by 
removal  from  the  Post. 

On  motion  the  following  officers  were  unani- 
mously elected  an  Executive  Committee  in  addi- 
tion to 

ist.     Major-General  J.  M.  Schofield,  Superinten- 
dent, President. 

2d.     Lieut.-Colonel   Thos.  H.  Neill,  6th  Cav- 
alry,   Commandant    of   Cadets     \_Ex-qfficw 
members],  viz:  — 
3d.     Professor  Peter  S.  Michie. 

4th.     Professor  George  L.  Andrews  (^treasurer). 

5th.     Professor  Junius  B.  Wheeler. 

6th.     Professor  Charles  W.  Larned. 


50  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

yth.     Professor  Edgar  W.  Bass. 
8th.     Professor  Guido  N.  Lieber. 
gth.     Surgeon  Charles  T.  Alexander, 
loth.     First  Lieut.  Eric  Burgland,  Corps  of  En- 
gineers. 

nth.     Captain  William  M.  Wherry,  6th  Infan- 
try, Secretary. 

On  motion  Professor  George  L.  Andrews  was 
unanimously  elected  Treasurer,  and  Colonel  Wil- 
liam M.  Wherry,  Secretary.  On  motion  it  was 
Resolved^  That  the  Treasurer  be  directed  to  invest 
the  funds  of  the  association  in  U.  S.  registered 
bonds. 

The  Secretary  was  directed  to  furnish  the  "Army 
and  Navy  Journal  "  with  a  transcript  of  the  record 
of  these  proceedings  for  publication. 
On  motion  the  meeting  was  adjourned. 
J.  M.  Schofield,  Major-General, 

President. 
Wm.  M.  Wherry,  Bvt.-Colonel,  U.  S.  A., 

Secretary. 
****** 

The  first  attempt  to  open  the  question  of  erec- 
tion was  made  in  the  meeting  of  Oct.  22,  1885, 
called  by  General  Merritt. 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Thursday,  Oct.  22,  1885. 
Proceedings  of  a  meeting  of  the  officers  of  the 
army  stationed  at  West  Point,  N.  Y.,  pursuant  to 


AT  WEST    POINT  51 

a  call  of  the  Superintendent,  Col.  W.  Merritt,  5th 
Regiment  of  Cavalry. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Professor 
Michie. 

On  motion  of  Prof.  Michie,  Gen.  Merritt  was 
elected  Chairman ;  Lieut.  G.  B.  Davis  was  appointed 
Secretary  by  the  Chair.  At  the  request  of  the 
Chairman,  Professor  Geo.  L.  Andrews,  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  Battle  Monument  Association,  made  an 
informal  statement  of  the  amount  of  the  Monu- 
ment fund.  Lieut.  W.  C.  Brown,  Adjutant  of  the 
Military  Academy,  announced  that  he  had  in  his 
possession  the  "  Record  of  Proceedings  of  the  Bat- 
tle Monument  Association."  At  the  request  of 
the  Chairman,  the  record  was  produced  by  Lieut. 
Brown,  and  its  contents  were  read  by  the  Secretary. 

The  Chairman  stated  the  purpose  of  the  meet- 
ing to  be  to  take  some  steps  looking  to  the  increase 
of  the  fund,  and  the  erection  of  the  Monument. 

A  motion  that  a  committee  of  seven  members 
be  selected  by  the  Chairman  to  investigate  and 
report  upon  the  question  of  erecting  a  monument 
was  withdrawn. 

A  motion  that  the  Executive  Committee  be  di- 
rected to  fill  its  vacancies,  and  report,  was  also 
withdrawn. 

The  Superintendent  announced  that  he  would 
call  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  at  an 
early  day,  for  the  purpose  of  filling  its  vacancies 


52  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

and  acting  upon  questions  connected  with  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Monument. 

On  motion,  the  meeting  then  adjourned. 

W.  Merritt,  Colonel  5th  Cavalry, 
Brevet  Major-General,  U.  S.  A., 

^       -o   TA     •  President. 

Geo.  B.  Davis, 

Secretary. 

Nothing,  however,  was  done  towards  actual  re- 
alization of  the  project  until  the  administration  of 
Col.  John  M.  Wilson  as  superintendent  of  the 
Academy.  Deeming  the  time  ripe  for  a  move- 
ment in  the  matter,  he  addressed  the  following  to 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Association  : 

Headquarters  U.  S.  Military  Academy, 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  October  21,  1889. 
General  Geo.  L.  Andrews, 

Treasurer  Battle  Monument  Association. 
Dear  Sir : 

Yours  of  the  2ist  instant,  expressing  a  desire  to  resign  the 
Treasurership  of  the  Battle  Monument  Association  is  just 
received. 

Will  you  please  send  me  the  list  of  subscribers  to  the  Monu- 
ment, if  in  your  possession  ?  If  you  have  not  the  list,  please 
inform  me  where  it  can  be  found. 

I  will  at  once  enter  into  correspondence  with  such  of  the 
original  subscribers  as  may  be  living  and  obtain  their  views  as 
to  what  they  would  prefer  in  the  shape  of  a  Monument. 

For  myself,  I  think  it  might  be  well  to  use  the  fund  either 
for  the  enlargement  of  the  present  Chapel,  or  the  construction 


AT  WEST    POINT  53 

of  a  memorial  hall  in  which  would  appear  mural  tablets  giving 
the  names  of  the  officers  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  defense  of 
the  Union. 

As  soon  as  I  can  get  the  views  of  those  subscribers  still  living 
I  will  call  a  meeting  of  the  officers  here. 

In  the  meantime  may  I  ask  you,  for  the  present,  to  continue 
to  hold  the  position  of  Treasurer  which  you  have  so  acceptably 
filled  for  the  past  ten  years  ? 

Yours  very  truly, 

JOHN  M.  WILSON,  Colonel  of  Engineers, 
Superintendent. 

The  following  is  the  letter  of  General  Andrews 
referred  to  : 

U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  Y., 

Oct.    21,    1889. 

Colonel  John  M.  Wilson, 

Superintendent  U.  S.  Military  Academy, 

President  of  the  Battle  Monument  Association. 
Dear  Sir  : 

Some  time  near  the  close  of  our  Civil  War,  an  association 
was  formed  at  West  Point  for  the  purpose  of  having  a  monu- 
ment erected  here  to  the  Officers  of  the  Regular  Army  who  fell 
in  that  war.  The  late  Professor  Church  was  elected  Treasurer, 
and  subscriptions  were  invited  and  received.  The  formation 
of  the  Association  seems  to  have  been  somewhat  loosely  made ; 
but  on  the  decease  of  Professor  Church  in  1878,  General  Scho- 
field,  then  Superintendent,  as  ex-officio  President  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, called  a  meeting  of  the  officers  here  stationed,  who,  it 
seems,  constitute  the  Association.  At  that  meeting  I  was 
elected  Treasurer,  and  directed  by  vote  of  the  members  present 
to  invest  the  funds  and  income  of  the  Association  in  U.  S. 

4A 


54  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Registered  Bonds.      Another  meeting  was  called  by   General 
Merritt  when  Superintendent  to  consider  what  should  be  done 
in  regard  to  the  Monument,  but  no  decisive  action  was  taken. 
The  funds  now  in  my  hands  as  Treasurer  are  : 


U.  S.  Currency  6  per  cent.  Bonds,  par, 
U.  S.  4  per  cent.  Registered  Bonds,  par, 


Total,     ....   $50,300 


At  the  present  market  rate  these  Bonds  would  sell  for  about 
$63,500. 

t  There  were  also  donated  by  Act  of  Congress  to  Professor 
Church,  Treasurer  of  the  "  Battle  Monument  Committee,"  fifty 
bronze  cannon.  These  cannon  were  left  stored  at  the  New 
York  Arsenal,  Governor's  Island,  having  been,  as  I  understood, 
virtually  delivered  to  Professor  Church.  However,  more  than 
a  year  ago,  I  was  informed  that  unless  the  cannon  were  removed 
there  was  danger  that  they  would  be  delivered  to  other  parties. 
I  wrote  to  General  Benet,  and  learned  from  him  that  a  new 
application  for  the  cannon  must  be  made,  accompanied  by  evi- 
dence of  authority  for  the  new  Treasurer  to  receive  the  same. 
I  stated  the  case  orally  to  General  Parke,  then  Superintendent, 
but  he  was  disinclined  to  do  anything  about  the  matter,  and 
nothing  further  was  done. 

The  foregoing  statement  is  made  agreeably  to  your  oral  re- 
quest, and  I  would  add  that  I  wish  to  resign  as  soon  as  may  be 
the  position  of  Treasurer  of  the  Association  which  I  now  hold. 
It  is  desirable  that  the  new  Treasurer  be  elected  so  that  the  trans- 
fer of  bonds  may  be  made  before  the  books  are  closed  for  this 
quarter. 

Respectfully  yours, 

GEO.  L.  ANDREWS, 
Treasurer  Battle  Monument  Association. 


AT  WEST    POINT  55 

The  following  are  the  guns  above  described  by 
Professor  Andrews : 

50   Cannon,    Bronze,    reserved  at   N.    Y.   Arsenal   for  Battle 
Monument. 

15  12-pounder  Field  Guns,  heavy,      .     .      .    U.  S.      26,607 

1  12        "  **•-«•          u      .       Rebel  trophy,        i,375 

1 6  24       "  «•    Howitzers     .     *    ..     .   U.  S.      20,891 

2  24  "           "            "            .     Rebel  trophies,  2,567 
6  32  "          "        ,  "            .     .     .     .   U.  S.  11,457 
5   24  "  Boat  Howitzers,     ....       "  6,502 

212  "  Rifled  Guns, James,  3,180 

212  "  Field  Guns,  Light,     Rebel  trophies,  2,400 

i    1 8  "  Gun,  Austrian,       .          "      trophy,  2,514 

Total, 77,493 

The  next  step  of  Colonel  Wilson  was  the  issue 
of  this 

CIRCULAR. 

Headquarters  U.  S.  Military  Academy, 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  October  29,  1889. 

About  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  a  number  of  officers  and 
enlisted  men,  together  with  a  few  citizens,  subscribed  for  a 
Battle  Monument  to  be  erected  at  West  Point,  in  memory  of 
the  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Regular  Army  who  fell  in 
the  defense  of  the  Union  during  the  late  war. 

Of  the  seven  or  eight  hundred  officers  who  subscribed  only 
about  one  hundred  and  sixty  still  remain  in  the  Army. 

The  fund  now  amounts  to  $50,300.00  in  United  States 
Bonds,  the  value  of  which,  if  sold  to-day,  would  be  about 
#63,000.00. 


56  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

The  Superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy  finds  himself, 
ex  officio,  President  of  the  Battle  Monument  Association. 

It  certainly  seems  as  if  action  in  this  matter  should  no  longer 
be  delayed,  and  that  some  use  should  be  made  of  the  fund  before 
all  of  the  subscribers  shall  have  passed  away. 

The  Military  Academy  Chapel  is  too  small,  and  its  present 
condition — for  lack  of  means  to  improve  it  —  is  not  creditable  to 
the  Academy.  A  larger  place  of  worship  is  needed,  and  also  a  hall 
where  important  ceremonies  can  take  place,  similar  to  those  in- 
cident to  the  recent  presentation  of  portraits. 

The  Superintendent  suggests  either  the  enlargement  of  the 
present  Chapel,  and  placing  therein  mural  tablets  in  memory  of 
our  fallen  heroes,  or  the  erection  of  a  memorial  hall  with  simi- 
lar tablets  on  Trophy  Point. 

The  views  of  all  surviving  subscribers  upon  the  subject  are 

invited. 

JOHN  M.  WILSON,  Colonel  of  Engineers, 

President  Battle  Monument  Association. 

Out  of  60  responses  to  this  Circular  now  on  file 
the  expression  of  opinion  regarding  the  character 
of  the  memorial  is  as  follows : 

In  favor  of  a  Memorial  Hall 25 

"       "       "  a  Monument 16 

"       "       "  an  Addition  to  Chapel     .     *     .     .  9 

"  a  New  Chapel 5 

No  choice 5 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  January  16,  1890. 

At  this  time  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Battle  Monument  consisted  of  the  following 
named  officers: 


AT  WEST   POINT  57 

Col.  John  M.  Wilson,  Supt.  M.  A.,  ex  officio, 
President. 

Lieut.-Col.  H.  S.  Hawkins,  Commandant  of 
Cadets,  ex  officio. 

Prof.  Geo.  L.  Andrews, 
treasurer. 

Prof.  P.  S.  Michie,  Prof.  Chas.  W.  Lamed, 

Prof.  E.  W.  Bass,  Prof.  Wm.  Winthrop, 

Prof.  James  Mercur,  Surg.  H.  R.  Tilton, 

Capt.  Geo.  McC.  Derby,  Lieut.  Charles  Braden. 

And  their  sentiment  being  favorable,  a  meeting 
was  called  to  decide  upon  the  question  of  imme- 
diate action. 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  January  22,  1890. 

Colonel  Wilson  briefly  stated  the  object  of  the 
meeting  and  gave  a  short  history  of  the  Battle 
Monument  Association  from  its  organization  in 
1863  to  the  present  time. 

Professor  Geo.  L.  Andrews  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion as  Treasurer  of  the  Association  and  submitted 
a  statement  of  the  condition  of  the  fund. 

Professor  Andrews'  resignation  was  accepted  and 
it  was  unanimously  voted  to  extend  the  thanks  of 
the  Association  to  Professor  Andrews  for  his  ser- 
vices as  Treasurer  during  the  past  twelve  years. 


58  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Professor  Edgar  W.  Bass  was  unanimously 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  Association. 

A  letter  from  Major  George  B.  Davis,  the 
former  Secretary,  was  read,  giving  a  brief  account 
of  the  object  of  the  Association  and  facts  relating 
to  the  subscribers  to  the  fund. 

After  remarks  by  several  of  the  officers  present, 
the  following  resolution  offered  by  Major  Spurgin 
was  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  be 
instructed  to  carry  out  the  original  intention  of 
the  subscribers  to  the  fund,  or  take  such  action 
as  they  may  deem  expedient. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted : 

Resolved^  That  the  Treasurer  be  requested  to 
correspond  with  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  and  secure 
as  soon  as  possible  the  fifty  bronze  cannon  men- 
tioned in  Professor  Andrews'  report,  and  which 
are  now  stored  at  the  Arsenal  on  Governor's 
Island,  N.  Y. 

The  Chairman  announced  that  he  would  call  a 
meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  at  an  early 
day  to  act  upon  the  business  of  erecting  a  suitable 
monument. 


AT  WEST   POINT  59 

MEETING   OF   FEBRUARY  18,   1890. 

The  meeting  called  by  Colonel  Wilson  for  February  1 8th 
marks  the  first  Executive  Act  of  the  Association  in 
pursuance  of  its  purpose.     The  Committee  ap- 
pointed at  this  meeting  formulated  a  line 
of   action    which    was    subsequently 
adopted  and  resulted  in  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Battle  Monument. 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  February  18,  1890. 

Pursuant  to  a  call  by  Colonel  J.  M.  Wilson, 
President,  issued  February  17,  1890,  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Battle  Monument  Asso- 
ciation met  at  the  Superintendent's  quarters  at 
7.15P.M. 

Present. 

ColonelJohnM.  Wilson,  Prof.  Jas.  Mercur, 
Lt.-Col.  H.  S.  Hawkins,    Prof.  P.  S.  Michie, 
Prof.  G.  L.  Andrews,        Prof.  C.  W.  Larned, 
Prof.  E.  W.  Bass,  Prof.  Wm.  Winthrop, 

Surg.  H.  R.  Tilton. 

The  Chair  stated  that  the  object  of  the  meeting 
was  to  take  preliminary  steps  towards  inviting 
designs  for  the  Battle  Monument  to  be  erected 
at  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

After  informal  discussion,  on  motion  of  Pro- 
fessor Bass,  a  committee  was  appointed  by  the 
Chair  to  consider  and  prepare  a  circular,  or  to 


60  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

determine  what  other  action  might  be  preferable, 
in  order  to  invite  designs  for  the  monument;  it 
was  understood  that  the  members  of  this  Com- 
mittee would  personally  consult,  upon  their  next 
visit  to  New  York,  with  distinguished  sculptors, 
etc.,  as  to  the  best  method  of  procedure  in  the 
matter. 

The  Chair  appointed  as  the  Committee  : 

Prof.  P.  S.  Michie,  Prof.  C.  W.  Larned, 

Prof.  E.  W.  Bass. 

There  being  no  further  business  before  the 
Committee,  the  meeting  adjourned  at  8.15  P.  M. 

John  M.  Wilson,  Colonel  of  Engineers, 

President  of  Association. 
Charles  Braden, 

Secretary. 

Subsequent  to  the  foregoing  meeting  the  fol- 
lowing authorization  was  received  from  the  Adju- 
tant-General : 

War  Department, 

Adjutant-General's  Office, 
Washington,  February  2ist,  1890. 
Sir: 

Your  communication  of  the  zoth  instant,  concerning  the 
erection  at  West  Point,  by  the  Battle  Monument  Association, 
of  a  Monument  to  the  memory  of  the  officers  and  enlisted 
men  of  the  Regular  Army  of  the  U.  S.  who  were  killed  or 
died  of  wounds  received  in  action  during  the  war  of  the  rebel- 
lion, has  been  laid  before  the  Secretary  of  War,  who  instructs 


AT  WEST   POINT  61 

me  to  inform  you  that  the  Association  is  granted  permission 
to  proceed  with  the  work  of  erecting  a  monument  on  Trophy 
Point. 

Very  respectfully, 

J.  C.  KELTON, 

Adjutant-General. 
The  Superintendent, 

U.  S.  Military  Academy, 

West  Point,  N.  Y. 

The  minutes  of  the  next  meeting  give  the  re- 
port of  the  sub-committee  outlining  a  method  of 
procedure  which  governed  future  action. 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  March  8,  1890. 

Pursuant  to  the  call  of  the  President,  the  Exec- 
utive Committee  met  at  7.30  P.  M.  to-day,  in  the 
Superintendent's  quarters. 

Present  all  the  members  of  the  Committee,  ex- 
cept Surgeon  Tilton  and  Captain  Derby. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and 
approved. 

Surgeon  Henry  McElderry  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Executive  Committee  in  place  of  Sur- 
geon Tilton,  relieved  from*  duty  at  West  Point. 

The  Committee  appointed  at  the  meeting  held 
February  18  being  called  upon  for  a  report,  the 
following  was  read  by  Professor  Lamed : 

Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Battle  Monu- 
ment Association  appointed  to  prepare  a  plan  of 
procedure. 


6z  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Your  Committee,  after  some  consideration  of 
the  matter  intrusted  to  them,  concluded  to  visit 
New  York  and  seek  the  advice  of  sculptors  and 
architects  of  established  reputation.  A  consulta- 
tion with  Mr.  Augustus  St.  Gaudens,  the  leading 
sculptor  of  America,  confirmed  the  Committee  in 
its  opinion  that  the  conditions  governing  the  erec- 
tion of  this  Monument,  i.  e.,  the  number  of  indi- 
viduals commemorated  by  it,  the  conspicuous  na- 
ture of  the  site,  and  the  limited  funds  available,  re- 
quire that  it  should  be  mainly  architectural  in  its 
character,  and  that  the  sculptural  features  should  be 
subordinate  or  accessory.  A  single  figure  or  group 
of  figures  of  life  size  would  be,  in  such  a  place 
and  for  such  a  purpose,  inadequate,  unless  placed 
upon  a  pediment  or  substructure  of  considerable 
dimensions,  which  would  also  be  necessitated  by 
the  commemorative  inscriptions.  So  placed,  the 
statuary  would  appear  insignificant  unless  of  heroic 
size,  in  which  case  the  cost  would  be  largely 
beyond  the  limit  of  our  resources.  An  architec- 
tural structure,  however,  of  such  dimensions  as  to 
be  dignified,  and  accord  with  the  surroundings, 
with  sculptural  accessories  in  the  round  or  in  re- 
lief, and  decorative  tablets,  can  be  erected  within 
the  specified  amount. 

An  examination  of  the  results  of  many  public 
and  general  competitions  shows  that  they  rarely  if 
ever  give  satisfaction  either  to  the  competitors  or 


AT  WEST    POINT  63 

their  clients,  and  that  the  feeling  is  so  strong 
against  them  among  architects  of  high  reputation 
that  they  generally  decline  to  enter  them.  This 
is  due  largely  to  the  fact  that  they  are  forced  to 
bring  their  labor  and  reputations  into  competition 
with  those  of  inferior  men,  and  to  submit  to  the 
judgment  of  incompetent  critics.  In  a  private 
and  selected  competition  properly  conducted,  these 
objections  can  be  avoided,  to  the  great  saving  of 
time  and  friction  and  with  a  great  gain  in  the 
standard  of  result.  Your  Committee,  therefore, 
conclude  it  wise  to  recommend  the  adoption  of 
the  method  of  private  and  selected  competition, 
and  to  choose  for  such  competition,  with  proper 
advice,  three  or  four  of  the  architectural  firms  of 
the  country  having  the  highest  artistic  reputation. 
With  these  convictions  your  Committee  visited 
the  office  of  Messrs.  Babb,  Cook  and  Willard,  the 
leading  member  of  the  firm  having  been  most 
highly  indorsed  by  Mr.  St.  Gaudens  as  perhaps 
the  most  talented  of  our  architects,  and  laid  be- 
fore these  gentlemen  the  commission  intrusted  to 
it,  with  the  request  that  they  would  advise  as  to 
the  course  most  likely  to  give  the  most  satisfactory 
results  to  all  concerned.  These  gentlemen  con- 
sented to  draw  up,  after  sufficient  time  for  consul- 
tation, a  memorandum  embodying  the  more  im- 
portant features  of  such  a  competition,  and  to  for- 
ward it  to  your  Committee.  This  they  have  done, 


64  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

and  upon  this  outline  as  a  basis  your  Committee 
has  prepared  the  accompanying  scheme  for  your 
approval. 

It,  therefore,  recommends  for  adoption  the  fol- 
lowing resolution  : 

Resolved.  1st.  That  the  Monument  shall  be 
mainly  architectural  in  character,  with  such  sculp- 
tural accessories  as  shall  be  deemed  fitting  and 
appropriate  by  the  designer. 

2d.  That  it  shall  afford  proper  space  for  the 
necessary  inscriptions  commemorative  of  its  pur- 
pose. 

3d.  That  it  shall  be  of  sufficient  height  to 
give  dignity  to  its  proportions,  and  to  harmonize 
with  its  surroundings  ;  but  that  its  height  shall  not 
be  a  feature  of  the  design,  as  in  the  case  of  a  large 
column  or  shaft. 

4th.  That  it  be  located  \ipon  Trophy  Point, 
upon  a  site  to  be  selected  by  the  Building  Com- 
mittee of  this  Association,  of  which  the  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Military  Academy  and  the  success- 
ful competitor  shall  be,  for  this  purpose,  members 
ex  officio. 

5th.  That  the  designer  shall  be  chosen  by  pri- 
vate selected  competition. 

6th.  That  for  this  purpose  four  of  the  architec- 
tural firms  of  this  country  having  high  professional 
reputation  shall  be  invited  to  compete. 


AT  WEST    POINT  65 

yth.  That  a  Building  Committee  be  appointed 
consisting  of  four  members  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, which  Building  Committee  shall  be  author- 
ized to  make  all  necessary  arrangements  for  such 
competition,  to  decide  upon  the  merits  of  the  de- 
sign, and  to  supervise,  with  the  Superintendent 
of  the  Military  Academy,  its  erection,  the  Super- 
intendent becoming  for  this  purpose,  ex  officio,  a 
member  of  the  Committee,  and  its  Chairman. 

8th.  That  the  Building  Committee  be  author- 
ized to  draw  upon  the  Treasurer  of  this  Associ- 
ation for  all  necessary  funds,  and  to  audit  all 
the  accounts  arising  from  the  disbursements  con- 
nected with  the  work,  and  to  take  any  and  all 
steps  necessary  to  its  completion. 

gth.  That,  upon  the  completion  of  the  Monu- 
ment, the  Building  Committee  —  the  Superinten- 
dent being,  ex  officio,  a  member  thereof — shall 
arrange  for  proper  dedication  exercises  and  cere- 
monies. 

loth.  That,  upon  the  selection  of  the  accepted 
design,  a  meeting  of  the  Association  shall  be  called 
and  the  drawings  exhibited. 

nth.  That,  upon  dedication,  the  Monument 
shall  be  presented  to  the  Military  Academy  of  the 
United  States,  and  shall  upon  acceptance  be  turned 
over  to  the  proper  military  authorities. 

1 2th.  That,  upon  the  completion  of  these  duties, 
the  Building  Committee  shall  turn  over  to  the 

5 


66  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

authorities  of  the  Military  Academy  all  vouchers 
and  papers  relating  to  its  functions  and  the  action 
of  the  Battle  Monument  Association  for  file  with 
the  records  of  the  Military  Academy,  and  shall  be 
discharged  from  these  functions. 

13th.  That  the  Superintendent  be  requested  to 
obtain  from  the  authorities  at  Washington  the 
necessary  names  and  data  for  inscription  upon  the 
monument. 

Peter  S.  Michie,  Prof.,  U.  S.  M.  A. 

Chas.  W.  Larned,  " 

Edg.  W.  Bass, 

Professor  Larned,  at  the  request  of  the  Chairman 
of  the  Committee,  described  the  action  of  the  Com- 
mittee in  its  visit  to  New  York,  and  after  some 
explanatory  remarks  and  an  informal  discussion 
submitted  the  following  form  for  an  invitation  to 
compete  for  the  erection  of  the  monument : 

• 

INVITATION    TO    COMPETE   FOR   A 

MONUMENT  TO  BE  ERECTED 

AT  WEST  POINT,  N.  Y. 

I. 

This  Monument  is  to  commemorate  the  Officers  and  Soldiers 
of  the  Regular  Army  killed  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  It  is 
to  be  erected  upon  the  land  of  the  Government  reservation  at 
West  Point,  N.  Y.,  the  site  being  that  portion  of  the  plain  in 


OF  THK 

UNIVERSITY 


AT  WEST   POINT  67 

front  of  Cadet  Barracks  commonly  known  as  Trophy  Point  ; 
the  exact  spot  to  be  hereafter  designated. 

II. 

The  general  character  of  the  design  is  to  be  architectural  with 
such    sculptural  accessories  as  the  taste  of  the    designer    may 
deem  fitting  and  appropriate.      It  is  to  be  of  such  proportions 
as  to  provide  for  the  display  of  bronze  tablets  sufficient  in  num- 
ber and  dimensions  for  the  inscription  of  the  names  of 
officers  and  the  designation  by  number  and  regiment  of 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates. 

The  material  is  to  be  stone  and  bronze,  the  nature  of  the 
stone  being  optional  with  the  designer. 

III. 

The  funds  available  for  this  construction,  proper,  are  $50,- 
ooo  in  cash.  There  are,  also,  at  the  disposal  of  the  Asso- 
ciation fifty  (50)  bronze  cannon  which  may  be  employed  in 
any  way  deemed  proper,  presented  for  the  purpose  by  the  fol- 
lowing Joint  Resolution  of  Congress  : 

Joint  Resolution  (No.  37),  approved  April  28,  1870. 

Resolved,  &c.,  &c.,  &c.,  That  the  Secretary  of  War 
is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  deliver  to  Pro- 
fessor A.  E.  CHURCH,  Treasurer  of  the  Battle  Monu- 
ment Committee,  fifty  bronze  guns  captured  from  the 
rebels,  to  be  used  in  the  construction  of  a  monument 
at  West  Point,  New  York,  in  memory  of  the  officers 
and  soldiers  of  the  regular  army  who  fell  in  the  late 
war,  and  in  the  ornamentation  of  the  grounds  around 
said  monument. —  16  Stats,  at  Large,  373. 

IV. 

You  are  invited  to  submit  to  this  Committee  of  the  Battle 
Monument  Association  at  West  Point  a  design  for  the  above 


68  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

described  monument  in  competition  with  those  of  the  following 
named  firms  of  architects  : 


on  or  before  September  I5th,  1890,  under  the  following  con- 
ditions : 

V. 
CONDITIONS. 

1st.   The  design  to  be  shown  in  the  following  drawings  : 

1.  A  Perspective  view  in  color  or  mono-tint,  at  your  option, 
on  a  sheet  not  smaller  than  34x48  inches,  in  proper  relative 
proportion. 

2.  A  Plan. 

3.  Elevation   of  the  principal  front  to  scale  of  \"  to  4'  in 
line. 

Should  any  of  the  other  fronts  possess  special  features  of  im- 
portance, separate  elevations  in  pencil  to  same  scale  showing 
these  features  should  be  submitted  with  principal  drawings. 

Each  drawing  is  to  be  marked  with  a  motto  or  device,  and 
the  whole  sent  in  a  sealed  package,  accompanied  by  a  sealed 
envelope  containing  name,  and  marked  with  device  on  out- 
side, to  the  chairman  of  this  Committee,  Professor  PETER  S. 
MICHIE,  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  Y.  A  com- 
plete description  of  the  design  with  explanation  of  its  material 
and  construction  should  accompany  the  drawings. 

zd.  For  the  purpose  of  selection  only,  the  Committee  will 
associate  with  itself  three  gentlemen  —  sculptors  or  architects 
—  to  be  chosen  from  a  list  of  names  submitted  by  the  com- 
petitors themselves,  each  competitor  submitting  three,  not  more 
than  one  to  be  taken  from  the  list  of  any  one  firm.  These  as- 
sociates for  the  purpose  named  shall  each  have  a  full  vote,  and 
the  result  of  the  vote  shall  be  decisive  as  to  the  selection  or  re- 
jection of  the  designs  submitted. 


AT  WEST    POINT  69 

3d.  No  designs  other  than  those  submitted  by  the  firms 
named  in  the  list  above  given  shall  be  admitted  in  this  com- 
petition, nor  shall  any  designs  from  any  source  be  considered  by 
the  Committee  until  after  the  decision  in  this  instance.  After 
the  decision  the  rejected  designs  will  be  returned  to  their  re- 
spective owners,  and  no  use  in  any  way  will  be  made  of  them 
or  any  of  their  features  unless  by  arrangement  with  and  consent 
of  the  owner. 

The  accepted  design  is  to  become  the  property  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, and  the  construction  of  the  monument  is  to  be  in  the 
hands  and  under  the  direction  of  the  successful  competitor,  who 
shall  be  responsible  for  its  proper  and  satisfactory  completion 
according  to  the  terms  of  the  detailed  specifications  and  draw- 
ings accepted. 

It  shall  be  the  right  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Military 
Academy  to  appoint  a  competent  officer  who  shall  inspect  the 
work  during  its  progress,  and  who  shall  have  the  power,  by  di- 
rection of  the  Superintendent,  to  require  a  conformity  in  all 
particulars  with  the  requirements  of  the  specifications.  He 
shall  have  the  right,  as  above,  to  stop  work  at  any  stage  of  pro- 
gress should  he  discover  any  failure  on  the  part  of  contractors  to 
fulfil  such  requirements,  until  the  architect  can  enforce  them. 
His  function  shall  not  be  construed  to  interfere  in  any  way  with 
the  freedom  of  action  of  the  architect,  or  of  any  person  deputed 
by  him  to  represent  him  as  supervisor  or  clerk  of  the  work. 

The  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  ($250.00)  will 
be  paid  to  each  competitor  as  a  compensation  for  time  and  labor 
in  the  preparation  of  the  designs  submitted  in  competition,  except 
that  the  successful  competitor  shall  receive  the  usual  compensa- 
tion of  5  per  cent,  upon  the  total  cost  of  the  monument,  which 
sum  shall  include  cost  of  all  drawings  prepared  by  him. 

Should  the  nature  of  the  design  involve  special  sculptural 
features  requiring  separate  and  original  designing  by  the  archi- 
tects, special  arrangements  for  compensation  will  be  made. 


70  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Sculptural  designs  not  furnished  by  architect  must  be  contracted 
for  by  him,  and  paid  out  of  the  fund  for  general  cost  of  monu- 
ment as  part  of  the  regular  expenses. 

4th.  The  design  must  be  carefully  calculated  to  come  within 
the  limits  of  the  amount  available  for  construction,  as  the  cost 
of  the  monument  can  in  no  case  exceed  fifty  thousand  dollars,  ex- 
clusive of  the  value  of  the  bronze  guns.  To  this  end  an  esti- 
mate of  cost  should  accompany  each  design,  and  upon  acceptance 
a  detailed  estimate  of  cost  must  be  submitted  to  this  Committee. 
Should  any  excess  result  in  this  detailed  estimate,  or  in  the  bids 
for  construction,  the  design  must  be  so  modified  as  to  come 
within  the  required  limits. 

5th.  The  Committee  reserve  the  right  to  reject  all  designs 
under  the  conditions  of  payment  and  return,  as  specified  above. 

6th.  For  the  purpose  of  definitely  locating  the  site  only,  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy  and  the  successful 
competitor  shall  become  ex-officio  members  of  the  Building 
Committee,  and  for  the  purpose  of  superintending  the  con- 
struction after  selection,  and  the  final  arrangements  for  dedica- 
tion, the  Superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy  becomes  a 
member  of  the  Committee  ex  ofEcio,  and  its  Chairman. 

VI. 

The  Committee  herein  referred  to  consists  of  the  following 
named  officers  of  the  Military  Academy  : 

Professor  Peter  S.  Michie,  Chairman. 
Professor  Charles  W.  Lamed. 
Professor  Edgar  W.  Bass,  Treas.  Battle  Mon.  Ass. 
Professor  James  Mercur. 

They  are  appointed  by  authority  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Battle  Monument  Association. 

This  Association  has  invested  the  Executive  Committee 
with  full  powers  for  the  expenditure  of  the  funds  herein  de- 


AT   WEST    POINT  71 

scribed,  and  for  the  determination  of  all  matters  pertaining  to 
the  erection  of  this  monument.  It  has  delegated  to  this  Com- 
mittee authority  for  action  in  the  premises  as  above  described, 
and  all  communications  relative  to  the  matter  in  hand  will  be 
addressed  to  it  through  its  Chairman,  Professor  Peter  S.  Michie. 

An  informal  discussion  took  place,  after  which 
the  report  of  the  Committee  was  accepted,  and 
the  Committee  discharged  from  further  action. 

The  sections  were  discussed  and  considered  in 
detail.  All  were  adopted  as  submitted,  except 
No.  3,  which  was  amended  to  mean  that  the  prin- 
cipal view  should  be  "  as  seen  from  the  plain." 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted : 

Resolved.  That  the  Superintendent  be  requested 
to  name  a  committee  of  four  to  take  charge  of 
the  building  of  the  Monument,  and  that  after  the 
Committee  is  appointed  and  vacancies  occur,  the 
other  members  of  the  Committee  be  authorized 
to  fill  said  vacancies. 

In  pursuance  of  this  resolution,  the  following 
were  appointed  members  of  the  Committee  : 
Professor  Michie,  Professor  Larned,  Professor  Bass 
and  Professor  Mercur. 

It  was  moved  and  carried  that  the  Committee 
prepare  and  send  a  circular  letter  to  competitors. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted : 


72  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

That  the  Building  Committee  can  change  the 
specifications  as  it  thinks  proper,  keeping  the  gen- 
eral idea  of  the  Monument  in  view  at  all  times. 


After  careful  investigation  and  consultation  the 
following  named  firms  of  architects  were  selected 
for  the  competition  and  a  circular  letter  inclosing 
a  printed  copy  of  the  terms  of  competition  was 
addressed  to  them  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Build- 
ing Committee  :  Babb,  Cook  &  Willard,  New 
York  City ;  Carrere  &  Hastings,  New  York  City  ; 
McKim,  Mead  &  White,  New  York  City ;  and 
R.  W.  Emerson,  Boston,  Mass.  The  circular  letter 
contained  the  following  paragraphs: 

The  history  of  the  action  of  which  this  proposed  competi- 
tion is  the  outcome  is  briefly  as  follows  : 

During  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  certain  officers  of  the  regu- 
lar army  stationed  at  West  Point  conceived  the  idea  of  com- 
memorating their  brother  officers  of  the  regular  army  killed 
in  that  struggle  by  a  monument  erected  there,  and  to  that 
end  formed  an  association  known  as  the  Battle  Monument 
Association,  with  headquarters  at  the  Military  Academy. 
Letters  were  sent  out  to  all  officers  of  the  regular  army  in- 
viting contributions  in  proportion  to  the  rate  of  pay  received. 
The  fund  resulting  was  placed  in  the  custody  of  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Association,  invested  in  government  bonds,  and  has  in- 
creased through  accrued  interest  to  its  present  size.  Congress 
was  petitioned  to  further  the  project  by  appropriating  a  certain 
number  of  bronze  cannon,  and  acceded  by  placing  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Association  fifty  bronze  guns  captured  from  the 


AT  WEST    POINT  73 

rebels.  It  was  proposed  to  make  the  monument  commemora- 
tive as  well  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates, 
which  proposition  was  adopted  with  the  proviso  that  the  de- 
scription should  be  by  number  and  regiment  only.  The  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  of  the  above  described  Association,  in  which 
was  invested  plenary  power  both  to  act  and  to  expend  the 
funds  accrued,  in  turn  has  transferred  its  authority  to  a  Building 
Committee  from  which  this  circular  emanates,  and  which  pur- 
poses to  push  the  project  to  completion.  This  monument, 
therefore,  is  distinctly  commemorative  of  the  officers,  non- 
commissioned officers  and  privates  of  the  regular  army  of  the 
United  States  killed,  or  who  died  of  wounds  received  in  action, 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

In  regard  to  the  bronze  guns  available  for  use  in  the  work, 
the  committee  desires  it  to  be  understood  that  they  are  at  the 
disposition  of  the  architect  en  masse,  to  be  used  to  defray  the 
cost  in  a  finished  state  of  all  bronze  decorations  used  upon  the 
monument.  In  other  words,  the  committee  conceives  it  to  be 
a  legitimate  use  of  this  material  to  employ  it  not  only  as  mate- 
rial, but  to  defray  the  cost  of  its  own  working  and  designing. 
Should,  however,  the  cost  of  working  exceed  the  value  of  the 
guns,  the  excess  will  be  paid  from  the  general  fund.  It  will 
follow  therefore  that  the  bronze  decorations  should  be  a  con- 
siderable feature  of  the  design  in  order  that  all  of  the  guns 
shall  be  available  for  use.  As  these  guns  are  in  themselves 
commemorative  and  historic,  the  committee  suggests  that  a  cer- 
tain number  of  them  —  say  ten  or  more  —  be  retained  intact 
for  direct  decoration  in  the  monument,  or  as  accessories  on  the 
plinth  and  stylobate,  or  in  the  grounds  in  the  immediate  neigh- 
borhood. 

The  invitation  to  compete  was  identical  with 
the  form  adopted  as  given  above,  and,  after  formal 
acceptance  on  the  part  of  the  firms  addressed,  their 


74  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

members  were  invited  to  visit  West  Point  as  the 
guests  of  the  Building  Committee  to  inspect  the 
site,  and  an  exact  location  was  determined  on  by 
a  general  vote  of  the  Committee  and  the  competi- 
tors. As  the  date  of  competition  matured,  a  se- 
lection of  associates  was  made  by  the  Building 
Committee  from  the  list  of  candidates  nominated 
by  the  competitors.  These  associates  became,  for 
the  purpose  of  choice,  members  of  the  Committee 
with  a  full  vote,  and  the  action  of  this  jury  was 
final.  The  names  of  these  gentlemen,  who  at 
once  most  courteously  consented  to  serve,  are  R. 
M.  Hunt,  President  American  Institute  of  Archi- 
tects ;  Augustus  St.  Gaudens ;  Arthur  Rotch. 

On  the  date  of  competition  they  were  invited,  as 
guests  of  the  Building  Committee,  to  visit  West 
Point,  where  the  jury  proceeded  to  examine  the 
drawings.  After  a  long  and  careful  study,  a  final 
vote  resulted  in  the  selection  of  the  design  marked 
"  Monolith  " —  the  motto  of  the  firm  of  McKim, 
Mead  &  White.  The  results  of  the  competition 
were  very  gratifying,  and  the  merits  of  all  the  de- 
signs so  conspicuous  as  to  render  final  decision  a 
matter  of  nice  discrimination  based  upon  many 
considerations. 

Messrs.  McKim,  Mead  &  White  made  the  fol- 
lowing statement  regarding  their  design : 

In  preparing  the  design,  we  have  most  carefully  considered 
the  object  of  the  monument  and  the  site  which  it  is  to  occupy. 


AT  WEST   POINT  75 

We  believe  the  monument  should  be  first  and  foremost  a 
martial  one,  distinctive  in  its  character  and  impressive  in  its  de- 
sign. The  beauty  of  its  site  and  the  surroundings  seems  to  us 
to  preclude  any  bulky  or  massive  treatment,  and  to  suggest  rather 
a  treatment  where  the  impression  should  be  produced  by  height 
supported  by  a  base  which  should  not  interfere  with  graceful 
and  artistic  treatment.  For  this  reason  we  have  adopted  as  the 
feature  of  our  design  a  single  monolithic  shaft  treated  in  the 
shape  of  a  memorial  column,  or  column  of  victory.  This  form 
seems  to  us  to  be  more  distinctively  martial  than  any  other,  and 
in  this  form  we  believe  it  is  possible  to  obtain  impressiveness 
and  dignity  without  a  sacrifice  of  grace,  at  the  same  time  pre- 
serving a  distinctively  architectural  and  monumental  character. 
We  lay  great  stress  upon  these  two  points,  viz. :  the  necessity 
of  giving  the  monument  a  martial  character,  and  the  relation  of 
the  monument  to  its  site.  In  our  design  we  have  had  these  two 
points  continually  in  mind,  with  results  which  you  must  judge. 
The  shaft  is  a  monolith  of  polished  granite  forty-six  feet  high 
and  five  feet  six  inches  in  diameter.  To  the  best  of  our  belief, 
it  would  be  the  largest  polished  shaft  in  the  world.  It  is  proposed 
to  surmount  it  with  a  figure  of  Victory,  and  surround  it  by  eagles 
—  a  distinct  mark  of  its  national  character.  The  shaft  rests 
upon  a  circular  base,  surrounded  by  flights  of  steps,  giving  the 
greatest  breadth  and  dignity  possible  to  the  base.  The  materials 
are  the  most  enduring  —  granite  and  bronze. 

We  have  received  an  estimate  from  the  most  reliable  firm 
known  to  us  upon  this  monument  which  comes  within  the 
amount  available.  We  submit  with  this  statement  a  memo- 
randum specification  and  copy  of  this  bid. 

Very  respectfully, 

"  MONOLITH." 


76  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

MEMORANDUM  OF  ESTIMATED  COST  OF 
PROPOSED  BATTLE  MONUMENT. 

Messrs.  Norcross  Bros.'  estimate  for  granite  work,  $41,000.00 

Our  estimate  for  figure, 5,000.00 

Our  estimate  for  eagles, 4,000.00 


$50,000.00 
Value  of  bronze  cannon  to  cover  architects'  fees 

and  contingencies 5,000.00 

The  designs  of  the  other  competing  firms  are  shown  in  the 
half-tone  prints  in  this  report. 

The  contract  for  the  erection  of  the  monument 
was  let  to  Messrs.  Norcross  Bros.,  of  New  York 
City,  and  the  sculptor  for  the  figure  of  Fame  sur- 
mounting the  shaft,  selected  by  Messrs.  McKim, 
Mead  &  White  and  approved  by  the  Building 
Committee,  was  Mr.  Frederick  MacMonnies.  The 
architects  desired  to  make  some  modifications  in 
the  design,  and  were  permitted  to  do  so,  the  most 
notable  change  from  the  accepted  design  being  the 
omission  of  the  eagles  surrounding  the  shaft. 
Owing  to  various  delays  incident  to  changes  and 
modifications  of  details,  the  procuring  and  correc- 
tion of  the  lists  of  names  of  officers  and  men,  and 
their  casting  in  bronze  tablets,  the  work  progressed 
somewhat  slowly.  Instead  of  the  site  dedicated  by 
General  McClellan  in  1864,  a  new  site  contiguous 
to  it  was  selected  by  the  architect  and  Building 


AT  WEST    POINT  77 

Committee  to  the  east  of  Trophy  Point,  and  about 
midway  between  it  and  the  hotel. 

This  site  is  a  very  conspicuous  one  from  the 
river,  and  this  consideration  largely  determined  its 
selection. 

The  quarrying,  transportation  and  erection  of  so 
large  a  mass  as  the  monolithic  shaft — probably  the 
largest  polished  monolith  in  the  world  —  are  mat- 
ters of  considerable  difficulty,  requiring  very  great 
caution  and  considerable  engineering  skill;  and 
the  details  of  the  operations  involved  are  fully  de- 
scribed in  a  separate  section. 

By  the  spring  of  1894,  the  shaft  was  ready  to 
receive  the  figure  of  Fame,  and  accordingly  it  was 
placed  in  position  facing  toward  the  Library  Build- 
ing. It  was  hoped  that  the  monument  would  be 
completed  and  in  readiness  for  dedication  by  Octo- 
ber of  this  year,  and  partial  preparations  for  the 
dedication  ceremonies  were  made.  In  the  mean- 
while formal  criticism  of  the  figure  of  Fame,  in- 
volving its  replacement,  having  been  made  by  a 
member  of  the  Committee  and  acquiesced  in  by 
the  architect,  it  was  decided  that  the  figure  must 
be  replaced.  Ultimately  the  architect  offered  to 
assume  the  entire  expense  of  this  change,  and  a 
new  figure  was  undertaken  at  once  by  Mr.  Mac- 
Monnies.  As  a  necessary  consequence,  the  dedi- 
cation was  postponed  and  May  31,  1895,  selected 
for  the  event.  Before  that  time  it  became  evident 


78  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

that  completion  could  not  be  hoped  for  until  later, 
and  the  matter  was  left  for  future  decision.  Great 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  securing  correctness 
in  the  casting  of  the  bronze  tablets,  and  many 
alterations  were  demanded  before  their  completion 
and  location  on  the  monument.  The  lists  of 
names  had  been  carefully  prepared  in  the  office  of 
the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army,  and  afterwards 
were  examined  critically  by  both  the  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  and  the  Treasurer.  The  lists  and 
tablets  were  repeatedly  checked  after  casting,  and 
everything  done  to  insure  accuracy  in  the  record. 
Early  in  May,  1896,  the  new  figure  was  put  in 
place,  but  various  modifications  in  the  details  of 
the  monument  and  the  location  of  the  bronzes 
rendered  it  impossible  to  dedicate  in  June,  as  the 
Committee  had  hoped  to  do.  It  was  not  until 
March,  1897,  that  definite  steps  were  taken  to  ar- 
range for  the  final  ceremonies  and  the  date  fixed 
for  May  3ist.  It  was  decided  to  make  the  event 
memorable,  and,  after  careful  consultation,  a  list  of 
those  to  whom  invitations  were  to  be  extended 
was  prepared.  This  list  is  as  follows : 

The  President  of  the  United  States  ; 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  ; 

Members  of  the  Cabinet  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  ; 

The  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  ; 

The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  ; 

The  General  of  the  Army  and  all  officers  of  the  Regular  Army; 

Graduates  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy  ; 

Architects,  Sculptor  and  Competing  Architects  ; 


AT  WEST    POINT  79 

Members  of  the  Selection  Committee; 

Veterans  of  the  Regular  Army  who  served  in  the  War  of  the 

Rebellion  ; 

Families  of  Soldiers  commemorated  by  Monument ; 
The  Commander  of  the  Loyal  Legion  ; 
The  Commander  of  the  Grand  Army  ; 
The  Superintendent  and  Officers  of  the  Naval  Academy  ; 
Heads  of  Bureaus  of  the  Naval  Department. 

The  invitation  was  the  subject  of  much  careful 
consideration,  and  was  printed  from  special  type 
originally  cast  in  Philadelphia  in  the  i8th  century. 
It  consisted  of  four  leaves  on  heavy  rough  paper 
with  uncut  edges,  tinted  pale  buff.  On  the  first 
or  cover  page  was  an  artotype  of  the  figure  of 
Fame;  on  the  3d  page  the  invitation  in  black 
and  red  ink ;  on  the  5th  an  artotype  of  the  monu- 
ment; on  the  yth  the  names  of  the  Building  Com- 
mittee and  Architects;  on  the  8th  or  rear  cover 
was  printed  the  order  of  the  exercises.  A  special 
card  entitling  the  holder  to  a  seat  was  sent  with 
each  invitation,  the  assignment  being  made  upon 
presentation  of  this  card  at  the  Auditorium. 

The  wording  of  the  invitation  was  as  follows, 
the  letters  in  italics  being  in  red  ink : 

ist  page. 

The  Dedication  Ceremonies  of  the 
Battle  Monument  at  West  Point, 

[Figure  of  Fame.] 

The  thirty-first  day  of  May, 

MD  CCC  XC  VII. 


8o  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 


THE  honor  of  your  presence  is 
requested  at  West  Point,  New 
York,  on  Monday,  May  the  thirty- 
first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
seven,  at  half  after  eleven  o'clock, 
at  the  dedication  of  the  BATTLE 
MONUMENT  erected  in  memory 
of  the  Officers  and  Men  of  the 
Regular  Army  of  the  United  States 
who  fell  in  battle  during  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion  by  their  surviving 
comrades. 

In  behalf  of  the  Building  Committee^ 
Charles    W.    Lamed,  Professor 

United  States  Military  Academy  ', 
Secretary. 

THE  favor  of  an  early  reply  is 
earnestly  requested. 

•jtb  page. 

tfhe  Building  Committee. 

Colonel  Oswald  H.  Ernst,  Corps 
of  Engineers,  United  States  Army, 
Superintendent  of  the  United  States 
Military  Academy,  Chairman,  ex 
officio. 

Professor  Peter  S.  Michie,   United 


AT  WEST    POINT  81 

States  Military  Academy,  Brevet 
Lieutenant-Colonel  United  States 
Army. 

Professor  Charles  W.  Larned,  United 
States  Military  Academy ;  Secretary. 

Professor  Edgar  W.  Bass,  United 
States  Military  Academy,  Treasurer. 

Colonel  John  M.  Wilson,  Corps  of 
Engineers,  United  States  Army, 
Superintendent  of  the  Military  Acad- 
emy, Chairman  Ex-officio  from  1890 
to  1893. 

Professor  James  Mercur,  United 
States  Military  Academy,  from 
1890  to  1896,  deceased. 

Professor  Albert  E.  Church,  United 
States  Military  Academy,  Treasurer 
from  1864  to  1878,  deceased.  * 

Professor  George  L.  Andrews,  United 
States  Military  Academy,  from  1878 
to  1890,  resigned. 

McKim,  Mead  and  White,  Architects, 

Frederick  W.  MacMonnies,   Sculptor. 

8tt>  page. 

^fhe  Order  of  the  Exercises. 
Music  by  the  Band  of  the  Military 
Academy. 


82  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

A    Prayer   by   Reverend    Herbert 
Shipman, 
Chaplain  of  the  Military  Academy. 

Presentation  to  the  United  States 
Army  by  Brigadier-General  John 
M.  Wilson,  Chief  of  Engineers, 
United  States  Army. 

Acceptance  by  Lieutenant-General 
John  M.  Schofield,  Retired,  and 
Presentation  to  the  General  Gov- 
ernment. 

Acceptance  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 

The  National  Salute. 

The  Star  Spangled  Banner  by  the 
Band  of  the  Military  Academy. 

Oration  by  the  Honorable  David  J. 
Brewer,  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Handel's  Largo  by  the  Band  of  the 
Military  Academy. 

Benediction  by  Reverend  Herbert 
Shipman,  Chaplain  of  the  Military 
Academy. 


DEDICATION   CEREMONIES 

AT 

WEST   POINT 


DEDICATION   CEREMONIES   AT 
WEST   POINT. 

CHE  morning  of  the  dedication  opened  wet 
and  threatening,  with  heavy  cloud  mists 
and  showers.  By  ten  o'clock,  however, 
the  sun  broke  through  the  clouds  with  a  su- 
perb effect  of  light  and  shade,  and  the  ceremonies 
took  place  without  interruption,  although  the 
threatening  weather  kept  away  a  large  number 
of  those  who  would  otherwise  have  attended. 
The  President  of  the  United  States  had  delegated 
his  function  in  the  ceremony  to  the  Secretary  of 
War,  who,  together  with  Lieutenant-General  J. 
M.  Schofield,  formerly  Commanding  the  Army; 
Brigadier-General  J.  M.  Wilson,  Chief  of  Engi- 
neers ;  and  Justice  D.  J.  Brewer,  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  had  arrived  on  the 
previous  day.  The  Corps  of  Cadets  were  marched 
under  arms  to  the  Auditorium  and  occupied  seats 
6A 


86  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

in  rear.  The  members  of  the  distinguished  party 
who  were  to  take  part  in  the  ceremonies  were 
escorted  in  carriages  by  the  Superintendent  and 
members  of  the  Academic  Board  to  the  rostrum, 
which  was  occupied  also  by  others  of  conspicuous 
rank  or  service. 

The  circular  grand  stand,  designed  by  the  ar- 
chitect to  accommodate  over  a  thousand  specta- 
tors, faced  a  raised  rostrum,  both  covered  by  awn- 
ings of  red  and  white  striped  canvas  decorated 
with  flags  and  trophies,  the  whole  forming  a  very 
brilliant  and  beautiful  mass  of  color.  The  cere- 
monies opened  with  prayer  by  the  Chaplain  of 
the  Military  Academy  and  the  regular  order  of 
the  programme  was  followed  without  change  other 
than  that  of  the  substitution  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  who  was  unable  to  be  present, 
of  the  Secretary  of  War  as  his  representative. 


OPENING   PRAYERS. 

I.  The  Lord's  Prayer. 

II.  God  of  heaven  and  earth,  who  leddest  our  fathers  forth, 
making  them  go  from  one    kingdom   to  another  people  ;  we 
yield  Thee  hearty  thanks  for  all  that  Thou  didst  for  them  and 
art  doing  for  the  land  to  which  they  came.      We  remember  that 
their  communion  was  to  eat  their  bread  in  exile,  their  sacrament 
to  shed  their  blood  for  others.      And  we  give  Thee  thanks  for 
them.      In  particular,  we  remember  here  and  now  those  of  a 
later  day  who  spared  not  their  lives  that  our  land  might  be  one  ; 
patriots  of  the  newer  time  ;  prophets  and  martyrs  of  our  coun- 
try's unity  and  peace.      And  for   them  we  give  Thee  thanks. 
And  we  pray  that  we  may  follow  their  good  examples  and  be- 
queath to  those  that  come  after  a  nation  worthy  of  its  founders, 
and  preservers,  a  nation  fitted  and  glad  to  do  Thy  will,  a  na- 
tion subject  alone  to  Thee  and  to  Thy  Christ.      May  the  mem- 
ory of  those  who  offered  up  their  lives  for  principle,  for  unity 
in  which  alone  peace  could  be,  lift  and  draw  the  coming  gen- 
erations upward  and  forward  to  see  and  seek  that  true  and  perfect 
peace  which  Thou  wiliest  for  all  the  sons  of  men.    May  we  feel 
and  heed  the  silent  yet  solemn  protest,  rising  from  the  graves  of 
those  who  died  for  their  country's  honor  and  integrity,  against 
all  that  is  untrue,  unworthy  of  the  high  and  holy  destiny  we 
believe  Thou  hast  set  before  this  nation. 

May  we,  like  them,  placing  before  the  love  of  self,  the  love  f 
of  others ;  before  the  love  of  earthly  gain  and  life  itself,  the  love 
of  truth  and  righteousness ;  bring  nearer  that  day,  for  which  Thy 
Son's  last  earthly  prayer  went  up,  when  all  Thy  children  shall 
be  one  in  love.  We  ask  this  in  Thy  Name,  O  Heavenly 
Father;  in  Thine,  O  blessed  Son, who  art  the  Prince  of  Peace;  in 
Thine,  O  Holy  Spirit,  who  guidest  the  hearts  and  minds  of  men 
in  the  way  of  light  and  truth;  in  thine,  O  One  Eternal  God,  to 
whom  be  dominion,  power  and  glory,  now  and  forever.  Amen. 

87 


ADDRESS   OF 
GENERAL  WILSON. 


^L     TH^R-  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : 
I^XI  That    hero,    statesman,    and    martyr,    Abraham 

T  ^L     Lincoln,  in  his  grand  inaugural,  expressed  the  ex- 
j  quisite  sentiment  that,   "The    mystic    chords  of 

memory,  stretching  from  every  battle-field  and  patriot's  grave 
to  every  living  heart  and  hearthstone  all  over  this  broad  land, 
will  yet  swell  the  chorus  of  the  Union,  when  touched,  as  they 
surely  will  be,  by  the  better  angels  of  our  nature." 

May  I  not  borrow  this  glowing  language  to-day  and  say 
that  the  mystic  chords  of  memory,  stretching  from  the  Maine 
mosaic  block  of  the  Union  to  the  coral  reefs  of  Florida,  from 
the  orange  groves  of  Louisiana  to  the  ice  palaces  of  Minnesota, 
from  the  vine-clad  hills  of  Southern  California  to  the  majestic 
forests  of  Puget  Sound,  are  joined  in  one  grand  electric  circuit 
within  which,  at  every  hearthstone  from  which  a  soldier  de- 
parted to  fill  a  patriot's  grave,  hearts  are  throbbing  and  pulses 
tingling  at  the  thought  that  to-day,  upon  this  historic  spot,  will 
be  dedicated  a  monument  erected  in  memory  of  the  heroes  of 
the  regular  army  who  gave  up  their  lives  in  the  defense  of  the 
honor  of  the  nation  and  the  perpetuity  of  the  Union. 

89 


90  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

More  than  a  third  of  a  century  ago,  a  few  noble  and  gallant 
officers,  who  had  been  sent  to  duty  at  this  post,  some  of  whom 
were  slowly  recovering  from  wounds  received  in  action,  and 
others  who  were  convalescing  from  the  fearful  fevers  contracted 
in  the  Chickahominy  swamps,  conceived  the  idea  of  erecting, 
at  West  Point,  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  officers  and 
enlisted  men  of  the  regular  army  who  had  fallen  in  the  terri- 
ble conflict  then  in  progress,  and  to  others  who  might  give  up 
their  lives  in  the  cause  of  the  nation. 

At  the  suggestion  of  that  splendid  soldier,  that  courteous 
and  accomplished  gentleman,  that  much  loved  comrade,  Col. 
Henry  C.  Hasbrouck,  of  the  4th  Artillery,  then  a  young 
lieutenant  of  artillery,  a  meeting  of  the  officers  was  called,  an 
Executive  Committee  constituted,  and  circulars  sent  to  the 
commanding  generals  of  the  army  and  to  others,  outlining 
the  object  in  view  and  soliciting  cooperation. 

The  replies  surpassed  the  most  ardent  anticipations,  and  the 
committee,  realizing  that  it  could  act  in  the  name  of  the  army, 
prepared  and  distributed  to  their  comrades  in  the  field  and  else- 
where circulars  inviting  subscriptions. 

The  beloved  and  lamented  Professor  A.  E.  Church  was  ap- 
pointed treasurer,  and  during  the  year  1864  over  $14,000 
was  received,  the  grand  total  eventually  reaching,  by  1871,  the 
sum  of  $14,856.54,  after  which  no  further  subscriptions  were 
received. 

This  amount  was  subscribed  by  670  officers,  790  enlisted 
men  and  civilian  employees  representing  all  branches  of  the 
regular  service  and  the  'civil  employees  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  at  New  Orleans. 

Among  the  subscribers  were  Generals  Grant,  Sheridan, 
Meade,  Thomas,  Buell,  Foster,  Franklin,  French,  Gillmore, 
Heintzelman,  Hitchcock,  Hooker,  Howard,  Keyes,  McCook, 
McDowell,  Parke,  Pope,  Reynolds,  Rosecrans,  Sedgwick, 
Slocum,  Steele,  Sykes,  Warren,  Webb,  and  Wright. 


AT  WEST  POINT  91 

A  site  was  selected  and  dedicated  for  the  monument  on  June 
15,1 8t>4,  the  oration  having  been  delivered  by  that  distin- 
guished soldier,  the  late  Major-Gen.  Geo.  B.  McClellan. 

For  some  reason  not  fully  understood  by  us,  the  matter  lan- 
guished, the  actual  construction  of  the  monument  was  post- 
poned, and  the  meetings  of  the  Executive  Committee  became 
exceedingly  rare,  only  four  or  five  having  been  recorded  be- 
tween October,  1 864,  and  January,  1 890. 

In  the  meantime  the  grand  old  treasurer  had  not  buried  the 
talent  committed  to  his  charge,  but  by  skilful  management  the 
fund  had  been  so  invested  that  upon  his  death  in  1878  it  had 
been  increased  to  about  $32,000. 

Professor  Church  was  succeeded  by  Professor  Geo.  L.  An- 
drews, of  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  a  distinguished  officer 
of  the  army  during  the  war,  who  was  equally  successful  in  his 
stewardship  ;  and  when  he  resigned  his  treasurership  early  in 
1890,  he  transferred  to  his  successor,  our  beloved  friend  Col. 
E.  W.  Bass,  the  eminent  professor  of  mathematics,  bonds 
whose  market  value  at  the  time  was  over  $60,000. 

Early  in  the  year  1 890  the  subject  was  again  brought  for- 
ward, and  the  officers  then  at  the  Military  Academy,  some  of 
whom  had  not  yet  seen  the  light  of  day  when  the  great  conflict 
was  initiated,  took  up  the  matter  with  such  enthusiasm  that  it 
was  finally  consummated,  and  the  result  is  before  you. 

In  addition  to  the  available  funds,  fifty  bronze  cannon  cap- 
tured during  the  war  were  presented  by  the  War  Department, 
some  of  which  have  been  placed  around  the  monument,  and 
others  used  to  -provide  for  bronze  tablets  and  ornaments. 

A  new  Executive  Committee,  consisting  of  several  of  the 
eminent  professors  of  the  Academy,  was  constituted,  and  this 
committee,  after  consultation  with  distinguished  artists,  sculptors, 
and  architects  in  New  York,  in  order  to  obtain  the  highest  or- 
der of  art,  decided  to  invite  designs  from  four  firms  of  exalted 
reputation. 


92  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

The  parties  invited,  and  who  promptly  and  courteously  ac- 
cepted the  invitation,  were : 

Messrs.  McKim,  Mead  and  White, 
Messrs.  Babb,  Cook  and  Willard, 
Messrs.  Carrere  and  Hastings,  and 
Mr.  W.  R.  Emerson. 

The  results  exceeded  the  highest  anticipations  of  the  com- 
mittee, and  the  superb  designs  presented  reflected  the  greatest 
credit  upon  the  distinguished  gentlemen  who  had  competed  for 
the  prize. 

The  Executive  Committee,  still  anxious  to  make  no  mistake 
and  to  do  no  injustice,  called  to  its  aid,  in  selecting  the  design 
to  be  accepted,  Messrs.  Richard  M.  Hunt,  Augustus  St. 
Gaudens,  and  Arthur  Roache,  men  whose  reputations  in  their 
profession  were  second  to  none  others  in  our  broad  land. 

After  most  critical  examination,  and  upon  the  advice  of  these 
eminent  experts,  the  design  of  Messrs.  McKim,  Mead  and 
White  was  adopted,  the  modeling  of  the  figure  of  Fame  which 
crowns  the  shaft  being  intrusted  to  Mr.  Frederick  MacMonnies, 
and  the  construction  of  the  monument  to  the  Messrs.  Norcross 
Brothers,  of  Worcester,  Mass. 

The  marvelous  creation  of  these  artists,  with  its  exquisite 
lines,  its  symmetry  and  beauty,  is  before  you,  and  no  words 
that  I  can  utter  can  do  it  justice. 

It  bears  upon  it  the  names  of  188  officers  and  2042  enlisted 
men  ;  and,  through  the  courtesy  of  the  War  Department  at 
Washington,  it  is  believed  that  the  name  of  evtry  officer  and 
of  every  enlisted  man  of  the  regular  army  who  was  killed  in 
action  or  died  of  wounds  received  in  action  during  the  great 
war  of  1861-65  ls  P^ced  in  enduring  bronze,  so  that  the 
youths  of  our  land,  who  are  here  serving  their  squirehood  in 
their  country's  services,  may  have  before  them,  as  an  everlast- 
ing example,  a  list  of  heroes  who  laid  down  their  lives  in  the 
cause  of  the  nation. 


AT  WEST  POINT  93 

Every  arm  of  the  service,  and  every  regiment  in  the  service, 
save  one  which  was  not  in  the  field  but  kept  on  other  impor- 
tant duty  during  the  war,  is  represented  by  the  names  of  some 
of  its  heroes  upon  the  monument. 

Lieutenant- General  Schofield,  it  is  meet  and  right  that 
to-day,  through  you,  one  of  its  most  distinguished  heroes,  this 
monument  should  be  transferred  to  the  Army  of  the  United 
States. 

To  you,  our  former  and  beloved  commander  —  to  you,  the 
ideal  soldier,  the  heroic  commander  of  many  a  well-fought 
and  victorious  field,  the  soldier  sans  peur  et  sans  reprocbe,  alike 
at  home  in  the  din  of  battle  or  the  councils  of  the  nation, 
whose  brilliant  stars  were  won  in  a  baptism  of  fire, —  it  is  my 
duty,  my  pleasure,  and  my  pride,  in  the  name  of  the  Building 
Committee,  to  transfer  this  wonderful  work  of  the  genius  of 
man. 

The  polished  granite  sphere  which  surmounts  the  beautiful 
shaft  is  symbolic  of  the  well-rounded  lives  of  the  heroes  who 
have  been  called  before  the  Great  White  Throne,  and  I  be- 
lieve that  he  who  lays  down  his  life  in  the  defense  of  his  coun- 
try's honor  is  received  by  the  King  of  kings  with  those  joyous 
words :  "Well  done,  thou  good  and  faithful  servant :  thou  hast 
been  faithful  over  a  few  things,  I  will  make  thee  ruler  over 
many  things  :  enter  thou  into  the  joy  of  thy  Lord." 

Capping  the  whole  of  this  grand  work  is  MacMonnies'  ideal 
creation  of  Fame  ;  and  while  we  admire  its  wondrous  beauty,  as 
it  holds  forth  the  chaplet  of  victory  for  these  heroes,  there 
come  to  our  mind  those  glowing  words  of  O'Hara  : 

" On  Fame's  eternal  camping-ground 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread, 
And  Glory  guards  with  solemn  round 
The  bivouac  of  the  dead." 


ADDRESS   OF 
GENERAL  SCHOFIELD. 

CHE  purest  patriotism  is  that  which  inspires  the  simple 
soldier,  who,  of  his  own  choice,  offers  his  services 
and  his  life  to  execute  the  orders  of  the  Commander- 
in-Chief.      He  looks  to  the  head  of  the  nation  alone 
for  the  national  will.       The  President's  policy  is  his  policy, 
the  President's  orders  his  only  rule  of  action.      He  eliminates 
self  absolutely  from  his  motives,  and  learns  to  be  content  with 
hunger,  privation,  hardship,  wounds,  and  death  in  the  effort  to 
execute  the  orders  of  the  Commander-in- Chief.      He  is  not 
only  willing  to  die  for  his  country,  but  he  accepts  without 
question  or  doubt  the  choice  made  by  his  countrymen  of  the 
leader  whose  orders  he  is  to  obey  and  whose  policy  he  is  to 
accept  as  the  will  of  the  nation.      This  is  the  purest  example 
of  patriotic  devotion  of  which  man  is  capable,  and  that  which 
the  true  soldier  most  highly  honors. 

It  is  the  just  and  proud  boast  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States  that  this  has  always  been  their  standard  of  patriotic 
duty,  and  in  this  the  difference  between  the  regular  and  volun- 
teer exists  only  in  name.  The  one,  no  less  than  the  other, 
is  a  volunteer  soldier,  and  the  other,  hardly  less  than  the  first, 

95 


96  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

soon  becomes,  under  the  discipline  of  war,  a  regular  soldier. 
The  sublimest  fact  in  American  history  is  the  perfect  disci- 
pline, patient  endurance,  undoubting  confidence  of  final  tri- 
umph even  in  the  midst  of  temporary  defeat,  and  heroic 
valor  shown  by  our  soldiers  during  four  years  of  war.  They 
knew  little  and  cared  less  about  the  dissensions  among  poli- 
ticians over  questions  of  public  policy,  or  the  troubles  of  finan- 
ciers over  the  state  of  the  treasury.  They  fought  bravely  on 
as  they  were  led,  with  no  thought  but  the  triumph  of  the 
Union  cause  as  the  end  of  their  soldierly  duty. 

In  all  this  soldierly  devotion  there  was  little  room  for  dif- 
ference of  rank.  Only  a  very  few  of  the  highest  commanders 
were  at  liberty  to  indulge  in  other  thoughts.  With  such  few 
exceptions,  soldiers  of  all  grades,  from  the  private  in  the  ranks 
to  the  general  in  command  of  a  division  or  army  corps,  were 
governed  by  the  same  devotion,  obedience,  faith,  and  courage. 

These  are  the  patriotic  qualities  which  soldiers  honor  in 
their  comrades,  and  especially  in  those  who  have  given  their 
lives  in  the  country's  service.  As  the  States  of  the  Union, 
and  the  regiments  which  they  sent  to  the  field,  and  the  vari- 
ous corps  of  the  great  Union  army  have  erected  fitting  monu- 
ments in  honor  of  their  heroic  dead,  so  the  little  body  of 
regulars  contributed  during  the  war  a  generous  fund  for  the 
purpose  of  erecting  here,  on  this  historic  spot,  a  monument  to 
their  fallen  comrades.  That  work  was  delayed,  if  my  memory 
is  not  at  fault,  in  order  that  the  increase  due  to  judicious  in- 
vestment might  in  no  very  long  time  enable  the  trustees  to 
erect  a  monument  much  more  appropriate  to  the  purpose  and 
the  place  than  could  at  first  have  been  done. 

The  wisdom  and  fidelity  with  which  this  sacred  trust  has 
been  discharged  is  fully  attested  by  the  beautiful  and  noble 
work  of  art  now  presented  to  us.  In  the  name  of  the  army,  I 
thank  all  who  have  taken  part  in  this  noble  work  for  the  fidel- 
ity with  which  they  have  discharged  the  trust  reposed  in  them. 


AT  WEST   POINT  97 

And  in  behalf  of  the  army  I  accept  from  the  Building  Com- 
mittee this  Battle  Monument,  as  a  worthy  token  of  our  re- 
spect and  reverence  for  the  memories  of  our  comrades  who 
gave  their  lives  to  preserve  the  national  Union. 

Let  every  young  soldier  who  shall  here  follow  in  the  foot- 
steps of  these  heroes  be  inspired,  as  he  looks  upon  this  monu- 
ment, by  a  noble  ambition  to  so  master  the  art  of  war  that  he 
shall  neither  live  nor  die  in  vain,  and  so  fit  himself  for  his 
patriotic  duty  that  in  his  life,  as  in  his  death,  he  shall  be  an 
honor  to  his  country. 

To  you,  Mr.  Secretary,  comrade  in  battle  of  the  brave  men 
whose  names  are  engraved  hereon,  I  now  present  this  monu- 
ment, in  memory  of  our  fallen  heroes,  and  place  it,  through 
you,  in  the  custody  of  the  National  Government.  Let  it  and 
the  ground  on  which  it  stands  be  held  sacred  forever. 


ADDRESS   OF 
THE   SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


GENERAL  SCHOFIELD:  By  command  of  the  Pres- 
ident, in  whose  name  I  appear  to-day,  I  accept  for 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  this  beautiful 
monument  erected  to  her  honored  dead.  It  will  stand  a 
lasting  memento  to  those  men  who  gave  their  lives  to  save  this  na- 
tion from  destruction  when  the  question  of  its  existence  was  given 
over  to  the  arbitrament  of  arms.  This  is  the  fittest  spot  in  the 
land  for  its  abiding-place.  Here  is  the  soldier  school  of  the  repub- 
lic, famed  for  the  classic  beauty  of  its  surroundings,  and  sanctified 
by  its  association  with  the  names  of  men  whose  genius  and  valor 
in  defense  of  the  government  which  educated  them  to  the  profes- 
sion of  arms,  and  whose  loyalty  to  the  flag  which  here  in  their 
early  manhood  they  were  taught  to  love,  have  brought  imper- 
ishable renown  to  the  country  of  their  devotion.  This,  too, 
is  the  fittest  day  of  all  the  year  for  its  unveiling  and  dedication, 
for  it  is  the  day  set  apart  by  the  people  and  by  the  law  for 
popular  tribute  to  those  who  on  land  and  sea  offered  their  lives  a 
willing  sacrifice  upon  the  altar  of  loyalty  and  liberty.  It  is 
pleasant  to  remember,  as  we  gaze  for  the  first  time  upon  this 
graceful  shaft,  that  every  Union  soldier*  s  grave  within  reach  of 

99 


ioo  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

our  people  has  been  strewn  by  loving  hands  with  beautiful 
flowers,  and  it  is  sweet  to  fancy  that  the  graves  unmarked  and 
unknown,  scattered  throughout  the  land  wherever  soldiers  fought 
and  died,  are  not  left  unadorned  by  the  kindly  hand  of  nature. 

It  will  be  ever  gladly  borne  in  mind  that  this  monument 
does  not  simply  commemorate  the  names  and  fame  of  those  who 
wore  the  insignia  of  rank.  It  rescues  and  brings  out  into  the 
light,  to  share  in  that  way  the  fame  of  their  commanders,  names 
little  known  nor  much  remembered,  save  in  the  small  circle  of 
home  and  loved  ones.  It  was  quite  characteristic  of  the  chiv- 
alrous men  who  planned  this  memorial  to  take  thought  of  the  hum- 
ble, but  equally  devoted  and  daring,  men  who  followed  where 
they  led,  and  who  equally  with  them,  without  the  spur  of  ambi- 
tion or  the  hope  of  fame,  gave  their  lives  in  the  line  of  duty.  Had 
they  forgotten,  which  they"  could  not,  the  rank  and  file,  without 
whose  discipline,  fidelity  and  bravery  there  is  no  fame  for  a 
commander,  they  would  have  been  less  the  ideal  soldiers  that 
they  were  and  less  worthy  of  remembrance,  for  the  true  soldier 
and  officer  never  forgets  what  he  owes  to  the  men  he  commands. 

It  is  altogether  well  and  worthy  that  these  names  of  en- 
listed men  are  borne  upon  this  monument  in  one  grand  muster 
roll  with  those  of  their  commanders.  Could  this  shaft,  now 
towering  above  us,  have  been  builded  as  high  as  the  deeds  of 
the  men  in  whose  memory  it  is  erected  deserve,  its  capstone, 
indeed,  would  be  lost  beyond  the  skies. 

In  the  history  of  all  nations  that  which  has  made  them 
great  in  prosperity  and  in  strength  has  been  achieved  in  war, 
and  the  brightest  of  its  pages  are  illumined  by  the  deeds  of 
knightly  men  in  the  field.  It  can  truthfully  be  said  that  greater 
disaster  can  come  to  a  nation  than  war,  for  life  without  honor 
is  not  worth  the  living,  and  the  short  span  that  is  given  to  man, 
even  at  its  greatest  length,  is  nothing  as  compared  to  the  sus- 
taining of  the  dignity  and  strength  of  the  nation  and  the  keeping 
alive  that  patriotism  which  is  so  essential  to  its  existence. 


AT  WEST    POINT  101 

Many  men  have  seen  war  in  its  terrible  aspect,  but  to  none 
is  it  given  to  describe  it.  War  should  be  but  for  defense,  else 
Providence  were  seemingly  but  the  plaything  for  men's  passions. 
Even  to-day  the  greatest  nations  of  the  earth  must  see  its  hor- 
rors in  both  hemispheres,  regretful  that  such  struggles  must  come, 
hopeful  that  from  the  conflict  may  spring  a  lasting  peace.  From 
all  people  has  come  the  reverence  of  the  most  heroic  deed  that 
can  be  performed  by  mortal  man  —  death  in  the  defense  of 
country,  home  and  faith.  Greater  far  than  the  glory  which 
crowns  the  victor,  more  sublime  than  tongue  can  picture  him, 
lies  in  the  dust  at  the  feet  of  armies,  the  soldier  who  served 
without  hope  of  reward  or  glory,  and  fell  to  be  buried  and 
named  "Unknown." 

Now  a  word  to  you  young  men  gathered  here  to-day,  whose 
profession  is  war.  The  spotless  integrity  of  the  men  who 
have  graduated  at  this  great  academy  in  their  official  and  daily 
lives  is  a  guide  for  you,  and  wherever  you  may  be  called, 
whether  in  time  of  peace  or  armed  conflict,  remember  that  you 
are  marked  men  —  the  successors  of  those  whose  names  must 
live  immortal  when  succeeding  generations  shall  have  passed 
away.  Should  I  name  these  men  the  pulse  would  quicken,  and 
the  glory  of  the  old  flag  they  defended  would  brighten  in  your 
thoughts,  but  you  have  their  example  for  your  beacon  light. 
Go  forward  then,  in  life,  young  men,  knowing  that  you  have 
the  prayers  and  hopes  of  seventy  millions  of  people  with  you, 
and  remember  that  over  you  floats  the  proudest  flag  in  the  world, 
that  which  symbolizes  freedom,  civilization,  Christianity.  That 
flag,  glorious  in  its  purity,  has  never  been  unfurled  in  front  of 
any  foe  but  to  prevail,  nor  will  it  in  the  time  that  is  to  come. 
That  flag  shall  guard  the  life  of  every  American  in  every  land 
and  at  whatever  cost. 

Guard  well  then  your  heritage,  and  keep  ever  before  you 
the  thought  that  patriotism  is  the  highest  impulse  in  the  world, 
that  the  good  that  men  do  always  lives,  and  he  who  is  never 

7A 


102  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

swerved  by  temptation,  but  stands  for  the  right,  wears  the 
crown  of  American  manhood. 

It  is  the  fond  hope  of  the  best  minds  of  every  land  that 
the  time  may  come  —  and  that  in  the  near  future  —  when 
armed  force  in  the  field  shall  no  longer  be  required,  when  all 
differences  between  nations  shall  be  settled  by  the  benign  in- 
fluences of  man's  best  judgment,  and  that  arbitration  shall  be 
substituted  for  artillery,  musketry  and  the  saber.  But  while 
man  is  mortal  perhaps  the  hope  that  this  consummation  so  de- 
voutly wished  may  become  the  rule  of  the  world,  cannot  be 
realized,  and  it  is  therefore  incumbent  upon  every  prudent 
people  to  at  all  times  be  prepared  for  any  emergency,  so  that  if 
war  should  come  they  would  be  in  readiness. 

May  we  then  hope,  the  soldier  equally  with  the  civilian, 
that  the  day  will  come  when  with  one  accord  the  great  nations 
of  the  earth  shall  say  :  "  Let  the  bugler  sound  the  truce  of  God 
to  the  world  forever."  God  speed  the  coming  of  that  day  ! 
In  no  human  heart  will  that  prayer  be  stronger  than  in  the 
heart  of  the  true  soldier.  Remember  that  "peace  hath  her  vic- 
tories no  less  renowned  than  war,"  and  that  the  country  has 
use  for  chivalrous  soldiers  in  peace  as  well  as  war. 


ADDRESS   OF 
JUSTICE   BREWER. 

IT  is  one  of  the  paradoxes  of  life  that  that  which  to 
eye  and  touch  seems  solid  and  enduring  will  assuredly 
crumble  and  disappear,  while  that  which  the  eye  and 
touch  cannot  reach  is  alone  immortal.      There  is  no 
work  of  man  wrought  on  canvas,  in  marble  or  bronze,  lifted 
in  column  or  cathedral,  but  soon  or  late  yields  up  its  form  and 
beauty   as  time's  unceasing  pendulum  is  swung  by  Him  with 
whom  a  thousand  years  are  as  one  day,  and  one  day  as  a  thou- 
sand years.      While  on  the  other  hand  those  viewless,   intan- 
gible things,  born  of  the  brain  and  soul,  lofty  thoughts  and 
heroic  purposes,  live  on  and  on  with  all  the  dewy  freshness 
of  unfading  youth.      "  The  beings  of  the  mind  are  not  of  clay  ; 
essentially  immortal." 

Phidias  and  Praxiteles  chiseled  their  dreams  of  beauty  into 
the  solid  marble,  singing  as  they  wrought, 

"For  art  can  grant  what  love  denies, 
And  fix  the  fugitive  ;  " 

only  broken  statues  and  wretched  fragments  remain  to  tell  of 
their   forgotten  dreams.       But   the    marvelous    philosophy   of 

103 


io4  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Plato,  the  lofty  thought  of  Socrates,  the  logic  of  Aristotle,  and 
the  epic  grandeur  of  Homer,  are  as  young  and  inspiring  to- 
day as  when  first  syllabled  beneath  the  groves  of  the  Academy, 
or  chanted  through  the  hamlets  of  Greece.  Nineteen  centuries 
ago  the  temple  of  Jerusalem,  forty  and  six  years  in  building, 
crowned  the  summit  of  Mount  Moriah  as  the  great  achieve- 
ment of  Jewish  art,  the  pride  and  wonder  of  the  nation.  Its 
ruins  are  scarcely  discoverable,  while  the  loving  words  of 
the  humble  Galilean,  spoken  beneath  the  shadow  of  its  glory, 
are  the  ever-living  comfort  and  solace  of  unnumbered  millions. 
The  massive  Pyramids  still  stand,  and  the  huge  Sphinx  still 
tosses  in  the  face  the  unsolved  riddle  of  its  being,  but  the 
broken  angles  and  loosened  stones  of  the  former  and  the  bat- 
tered face  of  the  latter  attest  their  subjection  to  the  crumbling 
touch  of  time.  Indeed,  this  whole  earth  is  one  mighty  sepul- 
cher  within  which  are  entombed  in  hopeless  confusion  all  the 
beauty  and  splendor  that  past  generations  were  able  to  put  into 
forms  of  matter,  while  the  only  things  that  preserve  the  fresh- 
ness of  youth  and  pass  on  from  age  to  age  with  all  the  vigor 
and  bloom  of  immortality,  are  those  intangible  and  viewless 
things,  ideas,  feelings  —  the  children  of  the  human  soul. 

Is  the  work  of  the  painter,  the  sculptor  and  the  architect 
then  in  vain  ?  Is  it  idle  to  paint  forms  of  beauty  on  the  can- 
vas, to  chisel  them  in  marble  or  bronze  ?  Is  it  a  waste  of 
time  and  labor  to  lift  the  columned  glory  or  to  put  the  symme- 
try and  grace  of  architecture  into  capitol  and  cathedral  ?  Is  it 
wrong  or  foolish  to  challenge  the  inexorable  law  of  material 
decay,  to  place  before  the  eye  the  visible  beauty  which  we 
know  must  one  day  disappear  ?  Not  so  ;  certainly  not,  if  that 
thing  of  matter  both  carries  with  it  the  sweet  influences  of 
beauty,  and  also  is  eloquent  of  ideas  and  purposes  which  are 
an  inspiration  to  humanity  and  will  continue  so  to  be  long 
after  that  which  represents  them  has  passed  away.  While  it 
endures,  it  incarnates  the  thought.  It  is  the  visible  expression 


AT  WEST    POINT  105 

of  the  idea  which  is  itself  immortal.  And  so,  as  long  as  it  en- 
dures,vit  carries  a  message  to  every  human  soul,  and  as  a  carrier  of 
such  message  deserves  the  time  and  labor  and  money  put  into  it. 

We  stand  to-day  in  the  presence  of  a  stately  column,  erected 
by  the  soldiers  and  officers  of  the  regular  army  of  the  United 
States,  to  commemorate  the  heroism  and  sacrifice  of  those  of 
their  number  who  during  the  civil  war  gave  their  lives  for 
their  country  and  in  order  that  "  liberty  and  union  might  re- 
main now  and  forever  one  and  inseparable."  We  are  here 
not  simply  to  speak  our  praises  of  its  beauty,  but  more  to  bow 
in  reverence  before  the  ideas  and  the  ideals  which  have  found 
material  expression  in  that  beauty,  and  which  we  believe  will 
be  the  inspiration  not  only  of  this  great  land  but  of  humanity 
the  world  over,  long  after  the  column  shall  have  fallen  and 
crumbled  into  dust.  We  come,  not  so  much  to  eulogize  it  as 
a  work  of  art,  but  rather  to  attest  the  great  fact  that  brought 
it  into  being,  and  to  take  a  solemn  oath  in  the  presence  of  high 
heaven  that  that  fact  shall  never  pass  from  the  remembrance 
of  man. 

And  now  what  are  the  ideas  and  ideals  which  this  column 
expresses  ?  What  are  the  lessons  which,  as  it  stands  in  solitary 
grandeur  beside  the  flowing  waters  of  this  majestic  stream,  it 
teaches  to  us,  and  will  teach  to  those  who  come  after  us  ? 
What  is  it  that  this  witness,  eloquent  though  mute,  says  to  us, 
and  will  say  to  the  generations  yet  to  come  ?  Of  the  many 
voices  which  it  bears  I  have  only  time  to  notice  two.  I  know 
it  speaks  of  heroic  achievements.  I  know  it  voices  the  glori- 
ous and  immortal  thought,  dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  patria  mori. 
I  know  it  is  eloquent  with  the  suffering  and  self-denial  and 
sacrifice  which  the  great  war  developed  and  ennobled.  But 
beyond  all  that,  it  bears  two  voices,  which  I  fain  would  catch 
in  the  words  of  my  talk,  and  speak  to  every  citizen  of  the 
United  States. 

And  first  it  voices  the  immeasurable  value  of  law  and  peace. 


io6  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

It  says  to  us  that  they  whose  names  are  written  on  its  face  gave 
up  their  lives  not  merely  for  military  glory,  but  also  that  war 
should  cease,  and  peace  with  all  its  blessings  prevail ;  that  every 
citizen  might  find  the  doors  of  the  court-house  open  for  the 
punishment  of  wrong  and  the  enforcement  of  right ;  that  the 
humblest  might  stand  side  by  side  with  the  highest,  placing  in 
the  ballot-box  his  equal  vote  in  the  settlement  of  all  questions 
of  public  policy.  They  died  that  a  government  created  by  all 
should  not  be  destroyed  by  a  part,  and  that,  as  all  once  volun- 
tarily consented  to  its  establishment,  only  in  like  manner  should 
any  change  be  made  in  its  provisions  or  any  territory  released 
from  its  dominion.  They  read  in  the  Constitution  the  solemn 
declaration  that  it  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  made  in 
pursuance  thereof  "  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land," 
and  they  gave  their  lives  to  make  that  declaration  good.  It  is 
fitting  that  in  the  dedication  of  this  monument  there  should  be 
heard  the  voice  of  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  the  court  which  the  Constitution  provided  as 
the  ultimate  judicial  tribunal  for  the  settlement  of  questions  of 
private  right  and  public  law  ;  for,  through  the  sacrifice  and  he- 
roism of  these  illustrious  dead  it  continues  still  the  supreme 
court  for  South  Carolina  and  Texas  as  for  New  York  and 
Kansas.  These  men  died  that  law  might  live,  that  the  will  of 
the  people  incarnated  in  constitution  and  statutes  should  be 
obeyed  by  every  one,  and  that  all  questions  of  policy,  all  dis- 
putes as  to  rights  of  property,  or  obligations  of  contracts, 
should  be  settled  peaceably  in  the  courts  or  at  the  ballot-box. 
They  marched  beneath  the  Stars  and  Stripes  not  merely  that 
no  star  should  be  dimmed,  not  merely  that  its  folds  might 
float  on  the  shores  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  as  well  as  by  the 
great  lakes,  but  also  that  so  floating  triumphantly  it  should 
speak  to  every  child  of  America  the  comforting  words  of  as- 
sured peace  and  law.  On  its  folds  may  there  ever  be  seen  the 
words  of  General  Grant,  "  Let  us  have  peace." 


AT  WEST   POINT  107 

t 

Is  this  voice  worth  listening  to  ?  In  the  shadow  of  the  sa- 
cred memories  which  gather  around  the  names  of  these  heroic 
dead,  in  the  presence  of  these  veterans  who  yet  live  to  tell  the 
stories  of  the  great  war,  and  in  the  presence  of  these  eager  and 
enthusiastic  youth  who  are  here  studying  that  they  may  learn 
all  the  possibilities  of  military  science,  and,  whenever  duty 
shall  call,  win  on  the  battle-field  the  victor's  laurels, —  in  all  this 
presence  I  affirm  that  the  greatest  meed  of  praise  which  can  be 
bestowed  upon  the  army  of  the  United  States  is,  that  it  makes 
certain  to  every  citizen  the  blessings  of  peace  and  order  and 
law.  Doubtless,  young  gentlemen,  as  you  look  over  the  bright 
fields  of  the  future,  you  see  dazzling  before  you  visions  of 
military  glory  ;  "  the  pride,  pomp  and  circumstance  of  glori- 
ous war  "  are  there,  and  the  eagle  and  the  stars  wait  tt>  rest  on 
your  shoulders  ;  but  when  the  evening  of  life  shall  come  you 
will  realize  that  the  highest  praise  which  can  be  awarded  to 
you  is  that  in  your  military  lives  you  have  been  the  defenders 
of  law  and  the  guardians  of  peace  ;  that  you  have  stood  behind 
the  multitudinous  business  activities  of  this  mighty  people,  and 
thundered  in  the  ears  of  all  the  irresistible  declaration  that 
those  activities  should  go  on  undisturbed  by  rebel  or  mob ; 
that  you  have  been  beside  the  marvelous  postal  machine  which, 
like  a  thing  of  life,  reaches  its  myriad  fingers  into  every  city 
and  village  and  neighborhood,  gathering  and  distributing  the 
sweet  messages  of  love  and  the  rich  words 'of  trade;  beside  the 
swift-rolling  wheels  which  bear  into  and  through  every  State 
the  mighty  volume  of  our  internal  commerce,  and  bade  no 
man  dare  to  stay  the  free  movement  of  fingers  or  wheels ;  that 
while  the  representatives  of  the  people  have  gathered  in  the 
halls  of  Congress  to  legislate,  the  judges  have  sat  on  the  bench 
to  adjust  private  rights  and  public  wrongs,  and  the  President 
has  taken  his  place  in  the  White  House  to  execute  the  laws 
and  enforce  the  judgments,  you  have  stood  back  of  legislator 
and  judge  and  President,  and  been  the  unfailing  guarantor  that 


io8  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

in  peace  they  shall  act,  and  that  by  every  citizen  their  acts 
shall  be  respected  and  obeyed. 

There  is  no  true  American  who  does  not  look  with  honest 
pride  on  the  army  of  the  United  States,  who  does  not  feel  his 
heart  thrill  with  exultation  as  he  repeats  the  names  of  its  illus- 
trious leaders  ;  there  is  no  true  American  who  would  withhold 
aught  that  will  help  to  make  that  army  in  the  future  as  in  the 
past,  though  small  in  numbers,  most  efficient  and  potent ;  there 
is  no  true  American  who  depreciates  its  achievements,  or  sneers 
at  its  usefulness  ;  and  yet,  while  all  this  is  true,  every  one  sees 
in  the  organized  and  disciplined  and  educated  force  that  which 
means  not  war,  but  peace  ;  that  which  means  not  alone  military 
glory,  but  also  the  securing  to  every  city  and  village  and  home 
in  the  la*nd  the  priceless  blessings  of  law  and  order.  And  to- 
day this  column  lifts  its  stately  height  in  the  presence  of  the 
American  people,  proclaiming  to  all,  in  a  voice  which  fills  the 
land  and  will  fill  the  centuries,  that  these  men  died  that  law 
might  live  and  peace  prevail. 

The  other  voice  which  comes  from  this  silently  eloquent 
witness  is  that  these  men  died  in  order  that  there  might  be  pre- 
served in  our  borders  equal  opportunities  for  all.  Ours  is  the 
land  of  the  free.  Here  is  government  of  and  by  and  for  the 
people.  We  know  no  rank.  Birth  brings  no  title.  Before 
each  individual  is  opened  every  door,  and  to  him  who  wills  and 
strives  there  is  no  place  of  influence  or  power  which  does  not 
hold  out  the  equal  invitation.  The  doors  of  this  institution 
are  not  opened  to  only  the  children  of  a  privileged  class.  From 
the  poorest  cabin  and  the  richest  home,  from  the  lonesome 
prairie  and  the  crowded  city,  from  the  ranks  of  the  humblest 
toilers  and  the  counting-houses  of  the  richest  merchants,  from 
farm  and  factory  and  shop  and  office  you  come,  and  come  on 
equal  terms,  with  equal  opportunities  before  you,  and  to  take 
in  after  life  not  the  glory  which  your  fathers  give  you,  but  that 
which  you  yourselves  are  able  to  win.  From  a  humble  farm- 


AT  WEST    POINT  109 

house  in  Ohio,  through  the  gateways  of  this  school,  passed  a 
modest,  resolute  young  man,  to  become  the  great  commander  ; 
the  present  General  of  the  Army  commenced  life  as  a  mere 
clerk ;  and  a  private  soldier  is  now  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

And  the  end  is  not  yet.  That  which  was  so  yesterday  is  so 
to-day,  and  will  be  so  to-morrow.  The  barefoot  boy  may  thank 
God  and  take  courage,  for  beneath  the  Stars  and  Stripes  the 
future  is  his.  "Whosoever  will"  not  only  expresses  the  as- 
surances of  the  Gospel,  but  is  also  the  law  of  American  life  and 
success.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  there  is  a 
world-wide  difference  between  "  whosoever  will  "  and  "who- 
soever simply  wishes."  The  one  implies  a  resolute  and  un- 
failing purpose  controlling  all  activities,  while  the  other  carries 
with  it  nothing  but  lazy  desire.  The  one  is  the  assurance  of 
success,  the  other  deserves  the  failure  which  it  receives.  Of 
the  thousand  men  in  our  land  who  succeed,  luck  may  be  the  ac- 
cident of  one,  but  the  other  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  toil 
for  and  win  it.  No  one  can  sit  on  a  dry-goods  box  and  whit- 
tle himself  into  wealth,  or  stand  on  the  street  corner  and  talk 
himself  into  learning,  position  or  power.  Before  every  one  is 
the  open  door  of  opportunity  ;  "whosoever  will  "  may  enter. 
And  this  fact  of  equal  opportunity  and  equal  right  has  been 
strengthened  and  made  more  far-reaching  through  the  devotion 
of  those  whose  names  are  written  on  this  column.  They  died 
not  in  defense  of  a  princely  class,  not  to  perpetuate  an  aristoc- 
racy of  wealth  or  birth,  but  rather  to  lift  a  race  into  the  large 
domain  of  equal  rights  and  equal  opportunities.  They  heard 
the  sad,  pathetic  voice  of  him  who  walked  from  the  lonesome 
home  of  poverty  and  ignorance  through  the  untiring  strength 
of  his  own  earnestness  and  ability  to  the  chief  magistracy  of  the 
nation  and  a  place  among  the  immortals  of  earth  ;  and,  heeding 
that  voice,  they  died  in  order  that  this  government  of  and  by 
and  for  the  people  should  not  perish  from  the  face  of  the  earth, 


i io  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

but  should  continue  with  a  more  complete  and  glorious  affirm- 
ance of  equal  rights  and  equal  opportunities  for  all. 

And  I  want  here  to  say  that  this  doctrine  of  equal  rights  and 
equal  opportunities  which  has  always  been  the  theory  of  our 
political  and  social  institutions  is,  notwithstanding  some  idle 
talk,  still,  as  ever,  the  significant  fact  of  our  life.  The  great 
accumulations  of  money  are  not  in  the  hands  of  those  who  in- 
herited, but  of  those  who  themselves  accumulated  it ;  and  when 
I  read,  as  I  often  do,  the  denunciations  in  certain  quarters  of 
inordinate  wealth,  I  find  almost  without  an  exception  that  the 
names  connected  with  that  wealth  are  the  names  of  men  who 
started  in  life  without  a  dollar.  Who  are  the  leaders  of  our 
thought  to-day  ?  Who  are  the  great  men  in  intellectual  life  ?  Who 
are  the  inventors  and  authors,  the  orators  and  poets  ?  Who  are 
they  that  give  direction  and  guidance  to  the  thought  and  busi- 
ness and  high  ambition  of  the  nation  ?  Did  they  come  from  any 
class  ?  Were  they  born  into  station  ?  Did  they  come  from  some 
privileged  rank  ?  On  the  contrary,  as  you  run  over  the  list  of 
names,  you  will  find  that  no  rank,  or  class,  or  place  monopo- 
lized their  beginnings.  Their  power  and  influence  is  some- 
thing which  they  themselves  have  won,  and  not  something 
which  they  inherited.  The  humblest  child  may  look  upon 
the  White  House  with  expectation.  The  poorest  and  most 
friendless  student  may  begin  with  faith  and  hope  his  struggle 
for  a  seat  on  the  highest  bench  of  the  nation.  A  place  in  the 
halls  of  Congress  is  not  a  thing  of  purchase  or  inheritance, 
and  the  few  exceptions  which  occur  only  attest  the  fact  as  well 
as  the  strength  and  vigor  of  the  rule.  This  is  to-day,  and  God 
grant  that  it  may  ever  remain,  a  land  of  equal  rights  and  equal 
opportunities,  not  an  equality  of  life  and  living  which  is  com- 
pelled, for  wherever  there  is  such  compulsion  there  is  slavery, 
whether  the  master  be  a  single  despot  or  a  mob,  but  the  equal- 
ity of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  equal  possession  of 
"  certain  unalienable  rights  .  .  .  life,  liberty,  and  the  pur- 


AT  WEST    POINT  in 

suit  of  happiness"  ;  the  right  of  each  individual  to  choose  for 
himself  his  life  and  work  and  to  pursue  that  life  and  work  sub- 
ject to  no  dominion,  and  realizing  all  the  success  that  the  in- 
tensity of  his  life  and  work  deserve. 

It  is  fitting  that  this  memorial  to  the  officers  and  soldiers  of 
the  regular  army  who  died  in  the  recent  war  should  be  here, 
for  this  is  the  military  center  of  the  nation,  the  great  school  of 
those  who  are  to  be  the  officers  and  commanders  ;  and  it  is 
well  that  the  lessons  of  those  patriotic  and  heroic  lives  should 
ever  be  present  before  the  young  who  shall  come  to  prepare 
themselves  to  take  the  places  they  filled  and  glorified.  It  was 
fitting  also  that  this  work  should  have  been  undertaken  and  car- 
ried through  by  the  surviving  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  army, 
for  it  is  your  comrades'  memory  that  is  thus  preserved. 

Here  let  this  column  rise  in  stately  beauty,  proclaiming  to 
the  coming  generations  the  great  occasion  and  the  great  truths 
which  have  caused  it  to  be.  And  may  every  ripple  of  yonder 
stream,  as  it  passes  and  floats  onward  toward  the  commercial 
metropolis  of  the  nation,  bear  from  its  lips  to  the  tomb  where 
sleeps  the  coffined  dust  of  the  great  commander,  the  assurances 
of  the  unvarying  loyalty  of  the  army  of  the  United  States  now 
and  hereafter  to  the  heroic  ideas  and  ideals  of  his  life,  to  peace 
with  equal  rights  and  privileges  to  all. 


EPILOGUE. 

CHIS  granite  shaft  stands  not  as  a  memorial 
alone,  but  for  a  principle.     It  bears  wit- 
ness to  the  supremacy  of  discipline  and 
education  in  the  vocation  of  arms.     It  vindicates 
the  professional  soldier.     It   glorifies  obedience, 
self-restraint,  intelligence.     It  stands  for  duty,  pro- 
fessional   honor,    responsibility,    order,    precision. 
In  the  polished  integrity  of  its  unbroken  mass  the 
primeval  granite,  upright  and  unswerving,  points 
heavenward  the  path  of  patriotism  and  of  honor. 

This  is  the  only  monument  on  the  continent  to 
the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Regular  Army  who 
fought  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  and  in  pre- 
senting it  to  the  government  of  the  great  republic 
it  has  served  so  well,  that  army  asks  its  fellow- 
citizens  to  bear  in  remembrance,  together  with  the 
names  of  the  leaders  inscribed  upon  it  —  McPher- 
son,  Sedgwick,  Reynolds,  Mansfield,  Lyon  — 
those  survivors  who  belong  with  them  to  history, 

8  113 


114 


THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 


officers  of  the  Regular  Army  and  sons  also  of  that 
Military  Academy  where  their  memory  is  pre- 
served and  venerated. 

Army  Commanders. 

Grant  Hooker  Pope 

Sherman  Rosecrans  Slocum 

Sheridan  McClellan  Canby 

Meade  Halleck  Wright,  G. 

Thomas  .      Buell  McDowell 

Schofield  Ord  Curtis,  S.  R. 
Howard 


Corps  Commanders. 
Reynolds,  J.  F.  j 


ist. 


Newton 
Hancock       "I 
Couch  I  2d. 

Humphreys  J 
Heintzelman  1      . 
French  /  3 

Keyes  j 

Gordon  Granger  >  4th. 
Stanley  J 

Sykes      1 
Warren  j-  5th. 
Griffin   j 
Smith,  W.  F. 
Wrigh 
Steele 
Reynolds, 


ith,  W.  F.     I 
•ight,  H.  G.  / 


6th. 


Parke,  9th. 
Gillmore,  loth. 
Williams,  izth. 
Davis,  J.  C.,  1 4th. 
Smith,  A.  J.,  1 6th. 
Foster,  J.  G.,  i8th. 
Franklin  ' 
Emory        I9th. 
Grover 

McCook,  zoth. 
Augur,  zzd. 
Hartsuff,  23d. 
Gibbon,  24th. 
Weitzel,  25th. 
Stoneman 
Pleasonton 
Merritt 
Wilson,  J.  H. 


Cavalry. 


Fit/.  J^>hn  Porter,  jtJa. 


AT  WEST   POINT 


Division  Commanders. 


Doubleday 

McCall 

Carlin 

Stevens 

Robinson,  J.  C. 

Morgan,  J.  D. 

Ricketts 

Barnes 

Hazen 

Rufus  King 

Getty 

Ransom 

Richardson 

Russell,  D. 

Martindale 

Webb 

Neill 

Palmer 

Hays,  W. 

Seymour 

Wessels 

Sully 

Davidson 

Sherman,  T. 

Hays,  A. 

Carr 

Abercrombie 

Berry 

Wilcox 

Ruger 

Prince 

Brannan 

Kautz 

Hamilton 

Saxton 

Jackson,  R.  H 

Whipple,A.W. 

Ames 

Buford 

Elliott,  W.  L. 

Turner 

Gregg 

Wood 

Gordon,  G.  H. 

Custer 

Casey 

Greene,  G.  H. 

Kilpatrick 

Ayers 

Smith,  C.  F. 

Upton 

Morell 

Baird 

Mackenzie 

And  their  non-graduate  brothers-in-arms   of  the 
Regular  Army. 

Corps  Commanders. 

Sumner  Butterfield 

Sickles  Terry 


Kearny 

Miles 

Mower 


Division  Commanders. 


Harney 

De  Trobriand 


n6  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

This  is  the  verdict  of  the  greatest  war  of  modern 
times,  given  also  with  equal  emphasis  in  the  case 
of  our  antagonists  —  tried  in  a  hundred  battles  and 
justified  by  the  results  of  a  score  of  campaigns. 
No  lesson  in  war  was  ever  more  inevitable,  clear- 
cut  and  decisive.  After  a  desperate  struggle  of 
four  years,  involving  over  three  millions  of  com- 
batants, the  officers  of  a  little  body  of  ten  thousand 
regulars,  almost  wholly  graduates  of  the  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point,  command  as  Lieutenant- 
or  Major-Generals  every  army  in  the  field,  nearly 
all  of  the  Army  Corps,  and  a  large  proportion  of 
the  Divisions. 

They  head  every  Supply  Corps  of  the  General 
Staff,  and  hold  every  important  command  in  these 
Corps.  They  have  organized  and  directed  that 
immense  mobilizing  and  supplying  mechanism 
without  which  victory  would  have  been  impos- 
sible, and  whose  efficiency  in  the  face  of  enormous 
difficulties  was  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  the 
military  world.  They  gave  to  the  century  two 
of  its  greatest  commanders,  and  from  their  body 
came  the  President  of  the  Confederacy  and  the 
successor  of  the  immortal  Lincoln,  all  sons  of 
West  Point  and  of  the  Regular  Army. 

This  sweeping  result  achieved  itself  as  the 
gradual  but  inevitable  logic  of  experience  in 
the  face  of  a  political  favoritism  and  demoraliza- 
tion without  limit  or  precedent. 


UNIVERSITY 


NAMES  OF 
OFFICERS  AND  ENLISTED  MEN  BORNE 

UPON 
THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 


8A 


OFFICERS. 

* 
General  Officers. 

Brigadier-  Generals. 

Joseph  K.  F.  Mansfield,  Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  Antietam,  Md. 
James  B.    McPherson,  Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

General  Staff. 

Lieut. -Col.  Julius  P.  Garesche,  Adjt.-Gen.  Dept.,   Murfrees- 

boro,  Tenn. 

Surgeon  William  J.  H.  White,  Medical  Dept.,  Antietam,  Md. 
Capt.  Guilford  D.  Bailey,  Subsistence  Dept.,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Capt.OtisH.Tillinghast,  Quartermaster  Dept.,  ist  Bull  Run,Va. 

Corps  of  Engineers. 

Majors. 

Amiel  W.  Whipple,  Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  Chancellorsville,  Va. 
James  St.  C.  Morton,  Petersburg,  Va, 

Captains. 

Holdimand  S.  Putnam,  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C. 
Charles  E.  Cross,  Rappahannock  River,  Va. 
Arthur  H.  Dutton,  Bermuda  Hundred,  Va. 


izo  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

First  Lieutenants. 

Patrick  H.  O'Rorke,  Col.  Vols.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
John  R.  Meigs,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers. 

First  Lieutenants. 

].  L.  Kirby  Smith,  Corinth,  Miss. 
Orlando  G.  Wagner,  Yorktown,  Va. 

Ordnance  Department. 

Captains. 

Jesse  L.  Reno,  Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  South   Mountain,  Md. 
George  C.  Strong,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C. 

ist  Cavalry. 

Captains. 

Benjamin  F.  Davis,  Beverly  Ford,  Va. 
Samuel  McKee,  Cold  Harbor,  Va. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Robert  Allen,  Jr.,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

Caesar  R.  Fisher,  Ashby's  Gap,  Va. 

Frederick  C.  Ogden,  Trevillian  Station,  Va. 

Joseph  S.  Hoyer,  Smithfield,  Va. 

John  H.  Nichols,  Trevillian  Station,  Va. 

John  S.  Walker,  Harper's  Ferry,  Va. 

2d  Cavalry. 

Captains. 

Charles  W.  Canfield,  Beverly  Ford,  Va. 
James  F.  McQuesten,  Opequan,  Va. 


AT  WEST    POINT  121 

First  Lieutenants. 

Michael  Lawless,  Trevillian  Station,  Va. 
Charles  McMaster,  Front  Royal,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
George  DeV.  Selden,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

3d  Cavalry. 

Captain. 
Alexander  McRae,  Valverde,  N.  M. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
George  Harrington,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

4th  Cavalry. 

Colonel. 
John  Sedgwick,   Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  Va. 

Captain. 
George  D.  Bayard,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Elbridge  G.  Roys,  Selina,  Ala. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

Thomas  Healy,  Franklin,  Tenn. 

Francis  C.  Wood,  Middleton,  Tenn. 

5th  Cavalry. 

Captains. 

Thomas  Drummond,  Five  Forks,  Va. 

Joseph  P.  Ash,  Todd's  Tavern,  Va. 

James  Cahill,  Todd's  Tavern,  Va. 


122  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

First  Lieutenants. 

John  J.  Sweet,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

Richard  Byrnes,  Lieut.-Col.  Vols.,  Cold  Harbor,  Va. 

Joseph  P.  Henley,  Trevillian  Station,  Va. 

Richard  Fitzgerald,  Winchester,  Va. 

John  Trevor,  Winchester,  Va. 

6th  Cavalry. 

Captains. 

William  P.  Sanders,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
Charles  R.  Lowell,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Middletown,  Va. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Peter  McGrath,  Apache  Canon,  N.  M. 

Isaac  M.  Ward,  Beverly  Ford,  Va. 

Christian  Balder,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Thomas  W.  Simson,  wounds  received  in  battle. 

Andrew  Stoll,  Beverly  Ford,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Hugh  Mcguade,  Bull  Run,  Va. 

1st  Artillery. 

Captain. 
Lewis  O.  Morris,  Col.  Vols.,  Cold  Harbor,  Va. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Douglas  Ramsay,  ist  Bull  Run,  Va. 

Edward  B.  Hill,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va. 

Justin  E.  Dimick,  Chancellorsville,  Va. 

Edmund  Kirby,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Chancellorsville,  Va. 

George  A.  Woodruff,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Philip  D.  Mason,  Trevillian  Station,  Va. 


AT  WEST    POINT  123 

Second  Lieutenant. 
James  A.  Sanderson,  Pleasant  Hill,  La. 

2d  Artillery. 

Captain. 
Henry  Benson,  Malvern  Hill,  Va. 

First  Lieutenant. 
John  T.  Greble,  Big  Bethel,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

Presley  O.  Craig,  ist  Bull  Run,  Va. 

Thomas  Burnes,  Hatcher's  Run,  Va. 

Samuel  D.  Southworth,  Cedar  Creek,  Va. 

3d  Artillery. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

William  D'Wolf,  Williamsburg,  Va.' 

Manning  Livingston,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Robert  Floyd,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

4th  Artillery. 

Captain. 
George  W.  Hazzard,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va. 

First  Lieutenants. 

William  L.  Baker,  Antietam,  Md. 

George  Dickinson,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Franklin  B.  Crosby,  Chancellorsville,  Va. 

Bayard  Wilkeson,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Alonzo  H.  Cushing,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


124  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

5th  Artillery. 

Major. 
Thomas  Williams,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Captains. 
William  R.  Terrill,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Perry ville,  Ky. 

John  R.  Smead,  zd  Bull  Run,  Va. 

Henry  V.  De  Hart,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

Stephen  H.  Weed,  .Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Henry  W.  Kingsbury,  Antietam,  Md. 

Charles  E.  Hazlett,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Howard  M.  Burnham,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

William  W.  Williams,  Boonsboro,  Md. 
Henry  M.  Baldwin,  Cedar  Creek,  Va. 


1st  Infantry. 

Capt.  James  E.  Powell,  Shiloh,  Tenn. 
Second  Lieut.  Charles  Wilkins,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 


2d  Infantry. 

Colonel. 
Dixon  S.  Miles,  Harper's  Ferry,  Va. 

Captains. 

Nathaniel  Lyon,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Wilson's  Creek,  Mo. 

Salem  S.  Marsh,  Chancellorsville,  Va. 

Richard  Brindley,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

Samuel  A.  McKee,  Greenwich,  Va. 


AT   WEST    POINT  125 

First  Lieutenants. 

Frank  C.  Goodrich,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Ralph  E.  Ellinwood,  2d  Bull  Run,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

Thomas  D.  Parker,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 
William  Kidd,  zd  Bull  Run,  Va. 

3d  Infantry. 

Major. 
Nathan  B.  Russell,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Woods  McGuire,  Malvern  Hill,  Va. 

4th  Infantry. 

Major. 
Seneca  G.  Simmons,  Glendale,  Va. 

Captains. 

Julius  W.  Adams,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 
Charles  H.  Brightly,  Wilderness,  Va. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Ira  F.  Gensel,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

5th  Infantry. 

Colonel. 
John  F.  Reynolds,  Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Captain. 
Benjamin  Wingate,  Valverde,  N.  M. 


126  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

First  Lieutenant. 
Lyman  Mishler,  Valverde,  N.  M. 

6th  Infantry. 

Colonel. 
Edward  A.  King,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Captain. 
Rennselaer  W.  Foote,  Games' s  Mill,  Va. 

7th  Infantry. 

Captain. 
George  Ryan,  Laurel  Hill,  Va. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Wesley  F.  Miller,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Richard  R.  Crawford,   Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Frederick  E.  Grossman,  Weldon  Railroad,  Va. 

8th  Infantry. 

Majors. 

Joseph  B.  Plummer,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Wilson's  Creek,  Mo. 
David  A.  Russell,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Opequan,  Va. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Otis  Fisher,  Poplar  Spring  Church,  Va. 

loth  Infantry. 

Captains. 

Jesse  A.  Gove,  Col.  Vols.,  Chickahominy,  Va. 
William  G.  Jones,  Col.  Vols.,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 


AT  WEST    POINT  127 

First  Lieutenants. 

William  J.  Fisher,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Richard  Skinner,  Petersburg,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

Michael  C.  Boyce,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

James  Henry,  Wilderness,  Va. 

nth  Infantry. 

Captain. 
Thomas  O.  Barri,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Herbert  Kenaston,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Matthew  Elder,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Wright  Staples,  Wilderness,  Va. 

Charles  I.  Pleasants,  Wilderness,  Va. 

James  P.  Pratt,  Bethesda  Church,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

Henry  Rochford,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Amaziah  J.  Barber,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

12th  Infantry. 

Major. 
Luther  B.  Bruen,  Laurel  Hill,  Va. 

Captains. 

John  G.  Read,  zd  Bull  Run,  Va. 
Thomas  M.  Hulings,  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Va. 

Samuel  S.  Newbury,  Weldon  Railroad,  Va. 

Frederick  Winthrop,  Bvt.  Brig.-Gen.  Vols.,  Five  Forks,  Va. 

William  Sergeant,  Gravelly  Run,  Va. 


iz8  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

First  Lieutenants. 

Jean  P.  Wagner,  Wilderness,  Va. 
August  Eggemeyer,  Bethesda  Church,  Va. 
Thomas  D.  Urmston,  Chapel  House,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

Charles  F.  Van  Duzer,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 
Silas  A.  Miller,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

13th  Infantry. 

Captains. 

Edward  C.  Washington,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Archibald  H.  Engle,  Resaca,  Ga. 

Cornelius  W.  Tolles,  Newton,  Va. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Justus  A.  Boies,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

14th   Infantry. 

Captains. 
Patrick  E.  Burke,  Col.  Vols.,  Rome  Cross  Roads,  Ga. 

Roderic  Stone,  Valverde,  N.  M. 

Sullivan  W.  Burbank,  Wilderness,  Va. 

Hamlin  W.  Keyes,  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Va. 

James  F.  McElhone,  Bvt.  Lieut.-CoL,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Warren  W.  Chamberlain,  zd  Bull  Run,  Va. 
Daniel  M.  Broadhead,  Wilderness,  Va. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

George  W.  Hoover,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

John  K.  Clay,  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Va. 

Thomas  E.  Collins,  Wilderness,  Va. 


AT  WEST    POINT  129 

15th  Infantry. 

Captains. 
William  W.  Wise,  Stone  River,  Tenn. 

Jacob  B.  Bell,  Stone  River,  Tenn. 
Charles  G.  Marker,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Joseph  C.  Forbes,  New  Hope  Church,  Ga. 

i6th  Infantry. 

Major. 
Sidney  Coolidge,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Captains. 

William  H.  Acker,  Shiloh,  Tenn. 
George  N.  Bascom,  Valverde,  N.  M. 

Patrick  T.  Keyes,  Shiloh,  Tenn. 

Alexander  Hays,  Brig. -Gen.  Vols.,  Wilderness,  Va. 

Patrick  Kelly,  Col.  Vols.,  Petersburg,  Va. 

First  •  Lieutenants. 

Edward  L.  Mitchell,  Shiloh,  Tenn. 
Homer  H.  Clark,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Peter  J.  Coenzler,  Mission  Ridge,  Tenn. 

iyth  Infantry. 

Captains. 

Albert  Dodd,  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 
Henry  J.  McLandburgh,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

William  J.  Temple,  Chancellorsville,  Va. 
Alexander  Wilkin,  Col.  Vols.,  Tupelo,  Miss. 
9 


1 30  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

First  Lieutenants. 

Charles  T.  Weld,   Chancellorsville,  Va. 

William  H.  Chamberlin,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Edward   S.  Abbot,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Frank  E.  Stimpson,  Laurel  Hill,  Va. 

John  T.  Dowling,  Laurel  Hill,  Va. 

i8th  Infantry. 

Captains. 

Charles  E.  Denison,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

Charles  L.  Kneass,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

John  A.  Thompson,  Hoover's  Gap,  Tenn. 

First  Lieutenants. 

James  Simons,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

Joseph  McConnell,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

Charles  L.  Truman,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Lucius  F.  Brown,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

John  F.  Hitchcock,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 
John  Lane,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

igth  Infantry. 

Majors. 

Stephen  D.  Carpenter,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 
George  L.  Willard,  Col.  Vols.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Michael  B.  Fogarty,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Charles  F.  Miller,  Chickamauga,  Ga. 


OF  THB 

UNIVERSITY 


ENLISTED   MEN. 


Battalion  of  Engineers. 

Private  Thomas  Berry 

Martin  C.  Kehoe 

Ordnance   Corps. 
Carriage-maker  Henry  Thesang 

Signal  Corps. 
Sergeant  John  Corrigan 
Private  Philip  W.  Ashton 

Amos  P.  Barnes 
Abraham  E.  Borden 

Andrew  P.  Cobb 
Alexander  McCollim 

General  Service. 
Private  Thomas  Ronon 

1st  U.  S.  Cavalry. 
First  Sergeant  Henry  Montraville 

Frederick  Papp 
Sergeant  Jasper  R,  Boyles 


132  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Thomas  J.  Clark 
Edwin  Chutland 

James  Kelly 

Adolph  Meyer 

Thomas  Montgomery 

William  Mulcahy 

Charles  Oertel 

James  Rathburn 

James  A.  Samo 

Corporal  Henry  C.  Albert 

William  T.  Bennett 

Samuel  A.  Carr 

William  H.  Cole 

George  A.  Cullison 

John  Hall 
James  T.  Holt 

Peter  Latti 

Thomas  Leary 

John  Mallen 

Michael  Mulcahy 

Jacob  McAtee 

James  O'Connor 

Charles  A.  Tankersly 

Charles  Pfil 
Lucius  F.  Walden 

Adam  Ziegler 

Blacksmith  Timothy  Muldowny 

Farrier  Andrew  Van  Camp 

Bugler  William  H.  Burritt 

Musician  Frank  Dawson 

Private  Hubbard  Babcock 

John  Beacon 

Samuel  Bell 

William  Blumhardt 


AT  WEST    POINT  133 

John  B.  Brown 

Elijah  Comstock 

Jacob  Deeds 

Mark  Dolby 

August  Echolett 

Henry  S.  Fetrow 

William  Gallop 

John  A.  Gibbons 

Joseph  Hagin 

George  Hannon 

Warren  F.  Hedges 

Frederick  Hensinger 

Charles  Hoffman 

Nelson  Johnson 

James  Kearney 

William  Kellier 

Lewis  Ladue 
John  J.  Livingston 

Daniel  Lynch 

Martin  V.  Mathewson 

John  McCafferty 

James  McHugh 

Hugh  Meegan 

Henry  Miller 

William  J.  Mincen 

William  Monroe 

John  Normoyle 

John  A.  O'  Carroll 

George  Ott  • 

William  Peter 
John  Radeford 
Charles  Reinstein 
James  Rodgers 
William  Scott 


9A 


i34  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

John  Smith 

John  M.  Smith 

Samuel  Stinebarger 

Jacob  Steinhauser 

John  R.  Sulivan 

Thomas  Thews 

Peter  Welgong 

John  F.  Zeitler 

2d  U.  S.  Cavalry. 
First  Sergeant  Ephriam  Adams 

Henry  Kinzler 
Sergeant  Martin  Bailey 

James  Carr 
John  D.  Dunbar 
Christian  Fisher 

James  Hanna 

Andrew  Moore 

Charles  Vanmeter 

Corporal  John  C.  Annis 

John  Buckhardt 

Stephen  Hogan 

William  H.  Keiger 

Truman  King 

Patrick  Morglu 

Luke  Ollis 

Albert  Roe 

Edward  Shuhey 

Peter  B.  Worden 

Martin  Zimmer 

Saddler  David  C.  Dinim 

Wilhelm  Oleker 

Bugler  John  Robinson 

Private  Richard  F.  Ambrose 


AT  WEST   POINT  135 

Joseph  Anderson 

John  Barrington 

John  Blael 

Emil  Briede 

Ariel  C.  Chapin 

Thomas  Clark 

John  Conover 

Samuel  A.  Cook 

William  Cooper 

Thomas  Corbeth 

Andrew  B.  Couch 

James  Courtney 

Daniel  Crimmins 

James  Dean 

Daniel  Denison 

John  Driscoll 

Joseph  Eckels 

Rudolph  Engel 

James  Ferris 

Philip  Fitzsimons 

Charles  Frick 

Michael  Gahe 

Edward  Gorman 

Harvey  D.  Haynes 

Leo  Henze 

Frederic  Hood 

George  Hozzell 

Frederick  Kauffman 

William  Kline 

Patrick  McArdle 

John  McCullough 

Thomas  McTague 

Rodney  A.  Manning 

Andrew  L.  Metts 


136  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Michael  Mooney 
Patrick  Murray 

Michael  O'Brien 

John  Philips 

Thomas  N.  Prentice 

James  Levens 

Patrick  Rhatigan 
James  Ruseher 
Charles  Smith 

Samuel  E.  Smith 

John  T.  Thompson 

James  Tryon 

Charles  W.  Uber 

Charles  Williams 

30*  U.  S.  Cavalry. 

Sergeant  Thomas  M.  Brierley 

John  J.  Knox 

Francis  O'Cain 

Corporal  James  E.  Brophey 

Thomas  Hughes 

Bugler  Albert  Shott 

Musician  Henry  Ebert 

Private  Peter  Beatty 

Theodore  Braun 

Edward  Carey 

William  J.  Dake 

Edward  Doyle 

John  Finn 
Bartley  Folan 
James  Hughes 

John  Lane 

John  Ludwig 

James  McDougal 


AT  WEST    POINT  137 

Patrick  Scanlon 

Thomas  Sharda 

Eli  W.  Smith 

Samuel  Smith 

Erley  P.  Turman 

William  E.  Wade 

John  Weckesser 

John  H.  Westervelt 

4tb  U.  S.  Cavalry. 

Sergeant  John  Carmichael 

Martin  Murphy 

John  Rankin 
Joseph  B.  Richmond 

James  Walsh 

Corporal  Martin  Birmingham 

Patrick  Cuddehy 

Phelix  Cullan 

Frederick  Hall 

Frederick  W.  Klein 

George  Phillips 

Stephen  Wetzberger 

Farrier  Alexander  Millright 

zd  Class  Musician  Frederick  Shafer 

Alfred  S.  Toy 
Private  Frank  Bars 

John  Baum 
Bartholomew  Burke 

George  Cassell 

Commodore  P.  Cole 

Charles  Cowarden 

Patrick  Craven 
David  Daugherty 
Robert  P.  Doyle 


138  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

John  Entwhistle 

Napoleon  M.  King 

Andrew  J.  Mahoney 

Daniel  McDonell 

James  Orange 

Archibald  B.  Orr 

John  Parsons 

Levi  L.  Pettitt 

Friend  Pratt 

Henry  J.  Preas 

Fretrick  Rhyman 

Philip  H.  Sailer 

William  Sawyer 

Adolph  Stettler 

Rodger  Stokes 

Patrick  Tracy 

Nathan  Writhe 

Colored  Cook  Jackson  Kelley 

Jib  U.  S.  Cavalry. 
Sergeant  Thomas  Barrett 

John  Doherty 
Franklin  S.  Ginginer 

Henry  Hedrick 
Corporal  Charles  E.  Asher 

David  Courtney 
George  T.  Crawford 

Aquilla  Hart 

Michael  Howard 

James  H.  Oliver 

Lewis  J.  Robage 

Musician  Christopher  Buermann 

Bugler  Edward  Feldhiene 

Private  Ira  K.  Bailey 


AT  WEST    POINT  139 

Benni  D.  Bailey 

John  Bigmone 

Clarence  O.  Bingen 

John  C.  Burk 

George  Burrhus 

Michael  Canton 

Walter  R.  Covington 

Francis  Croal 

John  Curran 

Edward  Dolan 

Domian  Erne 

Patrick  Galliger 

Peter  Gillasper 

Samuel  Gindrat 

Francis  Hogan 

William  Johns 

Patrick  Kenny 

William  H.  King 

William  Larison 

James  Lason 

William  H.  Lazier 

Gustaf  Lindell 

Thomas  Miller 

Preston  O.  Morse 

Charles  Olens 
Alexander  Rayner 
David  F.  Roberts 

Barney  Ryan 

Charles  W.  Sanders 

Jacob  Schneider 

John  Schlotterer 

George  Segerer 

John  Siepe 
Vinton  T.  Swallow 


THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

William  Talday 

Edmond  Whelan 

William  W.  Wright 

Recruit  Jacob  Schlichter 

6tb  U.  S.  Cavalry. 

Sergeant  William  Ellsworth 

Miles  L.  Ten  Eyck 

James  McCallister 

John  Pattinson 

Frank  Schweigus 

Corporal  William  Alexander 

Alonzo  Ellsworth 

John  H.  Erb 

John  Manice 

David  C.  Oby 

Saddler  Robert  McElroy 

Bugler  Edson  S.  Cooke 

Private  George  D.  Bartlett 

George  Beckert 

Henry  Borden 

William  A.  Boyntion 

Charles  Croissant 

Patrick  Doyle 

Henry  Eisle 

James  Evans 

Edward  Falkner 

John  Fisher 

James  W.  Gillispie 

Lyman  W.  Hale 

Joshua  Heakin 

Christian  F.  Hildenbrand 

Abel  A.  Irish 

James  King 


AT  WEST    POINT  141 

Conrad  Klein 

Thomas  Lee 

William  D.  Masters 

William  L.  Mattern 

Lue  Merkle 
Francis  M.  Miller 

Lewis  Negler 

Charles  O'Harra 

Nathaniel  B.  Owen 

Thomas  J.  Peterman 

Jacob  Poet 

Nelson  Remmington 

William  R.  Reynolds 

David  A.  Thaburn 

William  H.  Thomas 

William  Vandevender 

Joseph  F.  Vanzant 

Spencer  Viall 
*          Samuel  Wilson 

1st  U.  S.  Artillery. 
Sergeant  Alfred  J.  Carber 

Thomas  Kirnan 
Edward  F.  McNamara 

Henry  Rukert 
Corporal  William  Ferguson 

John  W.  Mahany 

Musician  John  S.  Blaney 

Private  James  Allen 

James  Allum 

Christian  A.  Andler 

Charles  Baker 

Michael  Barrey 

William  Bates 


142  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Edward  Beavin 
Henry  Bergmann 

John  Buckley 

Patrick  Broderick 

James  Campbell 

Rowland  Card 

John  Casey 
Daniel  B.  Chase 

Philip  Clarke 

Daniel  B.  Cofrin 

John  Connellan 

Charles  Cooley 

Daniel  Curly 

Michael  Dillon 

John  Donoghue 

Richard  Forsyth 

Edward  Gallwey 

Jacob  Gilb 
James  Gilmore 

John  Gray 

Arsenal  H.  Griffin 

Edward  Grove 

Martin  Halloran 

Rollin  E.  Hartwell 

Andrew  Hauss 

Horace  Holmes 

John  Hopkins 

Daniel  Hough 

Frank  E.  Houghton 

John  Irvin 

Patrick  Kerrigan 

James  Killion 

John  King 
Abraham  LaFayette 


AT  WEST    POINT  143 

James  Little 

Samuel  J.  Lewis 

John  J.  Mackey 

John  Marklein 

Henry  Miles 

Patrick  McGuinity 

James  R.  Mooney 

Andrew  McLeer 

George  A.  Nutter      9 

Shako  O'Brien 

Thomas  Padgett 

Joseph  H.  Parslow 

Henry  Platt 
Frederick  Renard 
Charles  Rivers 
John  Roache 
George  Royce 
Robert  Rummler 
John  Shafer 
John  Shea 
William  H.  Smith 
August  Stein 
John  Stoltz 
Peter  Struthers 
James  B.  Terney 
James  F.  Wheeler 
William  H.  Whitehouse 

John  C.  Wood 
William  S.  Worcester 

2d  U.  S.  Artillery. 

First  Sergeant  William  Scott 

Sergeant  Samuel  Bellinger 

Herman  O.  Gotz 


or  THK 

UNIVERSITY 


i44  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Corporal  George  D.  Cook 

Josiah  Steele 

Private  Franklin  F.  Allen 

Charles  Ammerman 

William  Baird 

Garrett  Barry 

Henry  Beck 

John  Bergamin 

Adolphus  Bhoy 

John  Campbell 

William  Cope 

Martin  Corbet 

Hugh  Donaghue 

William  Finley 

Henry  Foster 

Vandy  Franklin 

Martin  Gilroy 

William  H.  Grover 

William  Guth 

Randolph  Hand 

George  Hang 

Arthur  Hardes 

John  Hitz 
Henry  Horstman 

Jacob  Huber 

William  Lacumber 

Patrick  Loughery 

Joseph  Margery 

Charles  Mathers 

Emmore  Moore 

Michael  S.  Moriarty 

John  E.  Mowrer 

Timothy  McSweeny 

John  B.  Norris 


AT  WEST    POINT  145 

Silvester  Parker 

Richard  Powers 

John  Prisen 

Philip  Reehil 

Charles  Ritchie 

George  W.  Ritchmond 

John  W.  Semline 

Daniel  Spane 

John  W.  Them 

Augustus  Van  Dwingle 

Oliver  Wren 

3d  U.  S.  Artillery. 

Sergeant  Robert  Ames 

Bugler  John  W.  Sarguson 

Private  Jacob  Altheer 

Ackerman  Anderson 

Mathew  Ashton 

Alfred  Barnard 

Benjamin  Bayliss 

George  C.  Bentley 

Henry  Boothbey 

William  Brown 

Charles  W.  Carlton 

Denis  Carroll 

John  Clifford 

Michael  Conroy 

Andrew  Cooley 

James  George 

Amos  Y.  Harry 

Arthur  Hughes 

William  H.  Hurlbut 

Francis  M.  Hutchings 

Charles  A.  Kratka 


146  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

James  King 
Bernard  Laughran 

John  Malone 

Dennis   Murphy 

John  Mclntyre 

Sylvester  Nordike 

Charles  H.  Pinkham 

Henry  Reinschoss 

Rudolph  Richner 

James   Rice 

James  H.  Riddel 

Henry  Schaffer 

Jeremiah  Shehan 

Charles  H.  Taylor 

Augustus  Tainter 

Perry  S.  White 

Michael  Woods 

William  Wright 

4tb  U.  S.  Artillery. 

Sergeant  Samuel  L.  Buell 

Charles  Ellis 

Andrew  Fay 

Joseph  Herzog 

Corporal  Frederick  Bright 

Theodore  L.  Williamson 

Artificer  Dennis  Maloney 

Bugler  David  R.  Patrick 

Private  Benjamin  Anderson 

William  Anderson 

Christian  Aungst 

Richard  Bannin 

John  Brown 

John  Burns 


AT  WEST   POINT  147 

Jeremiah  Butler 

Joseph  A.  Campbell 

Reuben  A.  Gary 

Cosmas  M.  Cecil 

Jacob  Defren 

Bartholomew  Dempsey 

Edward  E.  Doran 

Andrew  Dougherty 

Edward  Dunne 

Bryan  Charles  Eagar 

John  Edgecombe 

Henry  Elmer 

William  E.  Emory 

Francis  Enright 

Ansel  Fassett 

Adolph  Freitag 

Franz  A.  Fugmann 

Henry  Geary 

Shelby  Gray 

John  Grennin 

Dwight  F.  Griswold 

George  Haffner 

George  W.  Hall 

John  Hickey 
Charles  F.  Hoefer 

Patrick  Hogan 

Samuel  C.  Hooker 

William  M.  Howard 

William  Kavanagh 

Bartly  Kelly 

Peter  Kelly 

Ellis  A.  Kingsbury 

Timothy  Larry 

Andrew  J.  Lowe 


1 48  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Henry  P.  Lyons 

John  Marley 

John  Mayberry 

William  McNeal 

David  A.  Meneilly 

Andrew  F.  Missimer 

James  Murphy 

Lewis  Murphy 

Patrick  O'Connor 

Willis  H.  Patrick 

William  Patton 

Ervin  L.  Pepper 

Samuel  Powell 

Luke  Roach 

Reuben  Rowley 

Gustavus  Sachse    • 

Patrick  Savage 

Martin  Scanlon 

Paul  Schur 

Frank  Scudder 

Peter  Schutzle 

John  Sheahan 

Franz  Smith 

Henry  Strait 

James  Thompson 

William  Travillion 

Norbare  B.  Walcott 

Thomas  Wallace 

Edward  H.  Ward 

Edward  D.  West 

William  H.  Williams 

George  W.  Yapp 


AT  WEST    POINT  149 

5tb  U.  S.  Artillery. 

Sergeant  David  Cain  Bickel 

Frederick  O'Donnell 

James  Scanlon 

Corporal  John  Philip  Edwin  Brader 

John  Coushmaghnan 

Thomas  Davison 

Martin  Dooley 

Michael  Graham 

George  W.  Houk 

William  Kirkwood 

Michael  McGrath 

Charles  V.  Osborn  • 

Artificer  Jonathan  Robeson 

Private  Alexander  Allen 

John  Allen 

John  Andrews 

Eugene  Brower 

Charles  Burger 

James  Carrell 

Robert  Chamberlin 

Thomas  Cleary 

John  B.  Cochran 

John  Collins 

Joseph  Cooper 

John  Costello 

James  Cullen 

Frederick  Deasonbach 

Bernard  Des  Gouttes 

Michael  Driscoll 

John  Duffy 

Christian  Enzlan 

Charles  Geiger 

Jacob  Gobriel 

IOA 


150  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Thomas  Green 
Lewis  C.  Griswold 

Henry  Harris 

Francis  Harrison 

George  Helshaw 

Jesaias  M.  Heydt 

Martin  Higgins 

James  Hoobler 

David  T.  Howard 

Henry  Jersey 

Adonija  Jewell. 

Dennis  Kennedy 

Samuel  W.  Laffefty 

Thomas  Maloney 

James  Mathews 

Robert  Morrison 

Francis  Mourey 

James  F.  McAulis 

Martin  McFadden 

James  McGlindon 

John  McMahon 

John  Munhall 

William  Naylor 

Peter  Nugent 

James  O'Brien 

Michael  O'Donnell 

Henry  Owens 

Frank  Packard 

Ash  ford  Painter 

Benjamin  Putt 

Frederick  A.  Reig 

Henry  Ripley 

Samuel  Rodenberger 

Louis  Row 


AT  WEST    POINT  151 

Thomas  C.  Stone 

Peter  Sharrow 

George  Shafer 

John  Searfoss 

Daniel  E.  Sickles 

Jacob  J.  Snyder 

Edwin  H.  Taylor 

Leander  Taylor 

James  Turner 

Joseph  W.  Tuttle 

Andrew  Wagner 

Denis  Walks 

John  Walsh 

Thomas  Worts 

ist  U.  S.  Infantry. 
Sergeant  Joseph  T.  Nichols 

Willis  B.  Worth 
Corporal  George  I.  Doller 

Henry  Harbold 

Private  Jacob  Baehr 

Adam  Brangle 

Edward  Brawn 

Patrick  Daniel 

James  Doig 

Samuel  Furter 

Sylvester  Johnson 

John  Johnston 

John  Kerns 

Ferdinand  Knaut 

August  Kruger 

William  Lazarus 

George  W.  Lee 

John  Long 


152  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

John  Lynch 

Daniel  Murray 

William  McGann 

Joseph  A.  Mciyiullan 

Timothy  Neligan 

Edward  O'Donnell 

William  Peacock 

James  Pinkerton 

John  Res 

William  F.  Rock 

Napoleon  Sherzinger 

Jacob  Stahlman 

Adam  Sturm fels 

2d  U.  S.  Infantry. 

>-  First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Thieme 

Sergeant  Thomas  S.  Camp 

Werner  Jahres 

Thomas  Madigan 

Rudolph  Zimmerman 

Corporal  George  Butler 

William  H.  Butler 

William  Carney 

Ezra  C.  French 

John  Fullbright 

James  Kelly 
Frederick  Kousenmiller 

Patrick  Rourke 

Musician  Theodore  A.  Miller 

Private  William  Bankhouse 

William  L.  Barnes 

Lawrence  Belfour 

Michael  Bogan 

William  J.  Bond 


AT  WEST    POINT  153 

John  Bradly 

Robert  Brown 

George  W.  Bush 

Terence  Carroll 

Francis  R.  Chesbro 

Charles  C.  Cleaver 

John  Cooly 

John  Cooper 

Thomas  Cosgrove 

Thomas  E.  Donnellan 

Michael  Donnelly 

James  Eugene 
George  D.  Fenner 

William  Fitch 

Michael  Gonzel 

Adam  Groh 

John  Hare 

Useb  Harper 

Louis  Hartman 

Michael  Heath 

Charles  A.  Hedges 

William  Heuratty 

Peter  Hickey 

Walter  Hill 

William  Hunter 

William  Johnson 

Peter  Kelly 

James  Kenny 

John  Kenney 

Leslie  Laporte 

William  Loyd 

James  Mackle 

John  Magarry 

William  Malony 


154  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

David  Martin 

James  Meehan 

August  Meyer 

Nicholas  McDonough 

Stephen  McGinnity 

Peter  McNulty 

Augustus  Mier 

James  McGinn 

William  H.  Nixon 

Christian  Orb 
Maurice   Pepper 
George  Reynolds 

Lucus  Rittler 

James  E.  Rugers 

Austin  Sadler 

John  Selinon 

James  Sheehan 

Joseph  Shupfer 

Godfrey  Smith 

Henry  Smith 

Augustus  Stahl 

Joseph  Theiring 

James  Trainer 

Frank  Uhrman 

N.  D.  Van  Ormun 

Francis  Vanston 

Michael  Walsh 

Patrick  Welch 

John  Wells 

John  Weston 

Richard  White 

John  Willis 
Patrick  Woods 
Homer  Young 


AT  WEST    POINT  155 

^d  U.  S.  Infantry. 

First  Sergeant  Francis  P.  Litzinger 

Corporal  Charles  H.  Canwell 

Harry  Loraine 
Malcolm  J.  Montford 

John  Toner 
Private  Nicholas  Applebury 

James  Beaty 

Gilbert  H.  Beverly 

Peter  Bingel 

John  Brennan 

James  County 

Thomas  Dalton 

David  Dreakes 

Robert  Furlong 

John  A.  Gale 

Michael  Groustine 

Robert  Haley 
William  S.  Holmes 

Frederick  Jansen 

Benjamin  F.  Kellog 

Thomas  Kennedy 

Maurice  Knopfmacher 

Caspard  Kupferk 

Mathew  Lodin 

Charles  F.  Long 

John  Murrey 

Patrick  McDonald 

John  McManamin 

John  Pyne 

Philip  Rodel 

Luke  Shaughnessy 

Michael  J.  Smith 

Patrick  Sullivan 


156  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Peter  Sullivan 

Patrick    Tighe 

Mark  White 

Edward  M.  Williams 

4th  U.  S.  Infantry. 
Sergeant  Timb  Doherty 

John  Flynn 
Louis  Planmann 

John  Riely 
John  J.  Strain 

Corporal  Michael  McGarvey 

William  O'Brien 

German  Restell 

James  Rogerson 

Private  Christian  Albert 

Ernest  A.  C.  Aschemoor 

William  Bonner 

Bernard  Brady 

Randall  H.  Brunning 

Charles  Caldwell 

James  M.  Carroll 

Michael  Carroll 

Frederick  Case 

Richard  Casey 

John  Christensen 

Uriah  W.  Clark 

Thomas  Conlin 

Bernhard  Douch 

Christian  Engers 

Charles  T.  Fox 

Henry  Grazier 

William  Hamilton 

William  Harnett 


TIN 


AT  WEST   POINT  157 

William  G.  Harper 

John  Kahear 

George  Lemaine 

Patrick  Masterson 

Bernard  McCue 

James  McDonald 

Roger  McDonald 

Daniel  L.  McGinn 

Peter  McManaman 

-David  Meredith 

David  Miller 

Michael  McCue 

Michael  McGuire 

James  O'Dowd 

Gottlieb  Ott 

John  Patterson 

Thomas  Peters 

Isaac  Rice 

John  Rourke 

Bennet  Robinson 

Edward  Simpson 

Warner  R.  Thompson 

Andreas  Waker 


U.  S.  Infantry. 
First  Sergeant  Luther  Sheppard 

Sergeant  John  Stewart 

Corporal  Simon  Rothschild 

Henry  Schlutter 

Private  John  Ford 

Nicholas  Hayes 

Joseph  Hudson 

Patrick  Hughes 

Andres  Kinnberger 


158  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Thomas  Leary 

Jacob  Levy 

John  Murphy 

John  Pollock 

Francis  Richard 

John  Sands 
George  A.  Smith 

6tb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

First  Sergeant  Julius  Thetard 

Sergeant  Patrick  Weare 

Corporal  Owen  Leonard 

James  L.  Lovett 

Herman  Westhus 

Private  Thomas  Ainsworth 

William  Brown 

James  Campbell 

Cornelius  Collins 

James  Contoit 

John  Cook 

Charles  Costello 

John  Donoghue 

James  Dunlap 

William  Fenton 

Frederick  H.  Hicks 

Thomas  Jackson 

Patrick  Kiernan 

Barney  Lafferty 

Cornelius  Leo 

John  Mahony 

Patrick  Mullen 

Charles  F.  Niemetz 

Patrick  O'Keeffe 
Joseph  L.  Pinkham 


AT  WEST   POINT  159 

William  L.  Rutherford 

Ransom  B.  Russell 

Christian  F.  Schmidtzer 

Henry  Schultz 

John  Sullivan 

John  Wilson 

Jtb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Sergeant  William  James 

James  M.  Rockwell 

Timothy  Sullivan 
Corporal  Gustavus  Percy 

John  P.  Rumbel 

Private  Thomas  Arnold 

John  C.  Ashton 

John  A.  Bishop 

Thomas  Carey 

John  C.  Connolly 

William  H.  Curtis 

John  Douglas 

John  Ellard 

John  Fitzgerald 

Joseph  Folgen 

Charles  Forrest 

Julius  Furgeson 

Eugene  F.  Gibbins 

Michael  Gill 

Thomas  Gilling 

Alexander  Gillon 

John  H.  Jack 

Cyrus  Junkins 

Emile  M.  Kahn 

John  Keenan 

Peter  Keim 


160  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Thomas  Lawlare 

Harvey  Lary 

John  Liebrich 

Joseph  C.  Labadie 

William  A.  Mason 

John  Mee 

William  Muller 

Bernard  McBride 

Peter  McCue 
James  McDonald 

James  Nolan 
Edward  Nugent 
James  O'Briene 

James  Reilly 

Pixlee  Sherwood 

George  Smith 

Patrick  Smith 

Philip  Shoemaker 

John  Teahan 

William  Wilson 

Frederick  Winscher 

8tb  U.  S.  Infantry. 
Private  James  Adams 

William  Bailey 
James  Cunningham 

Robert  Boyle 

George  O.  Curtis 

William  Dougharty 

William  Gurl 

John  Hanley 

Michael  Hoag 

John  Latimer 
Martin  Molarcky 


AT  WEST   POINT  161 

Christian  W.  Shafer 
William  Waldov 

Qtb  U.  S.  Infantry. 
(None) 

loth  U.  S.  Infantry. 

First  Sergeant  James  Carroll 

William  K.  Davis 

John  Kelly 
Sergeant  Daniel  C.  Ballard 

Herman  Buiter 

Thomas  Corcoran 

Michael  Finnaughty 

Able  Johnston 
Corporal  James  Craig 

John  A.  Crotty 
Thomas  H.  Crotty 

Charles  Fischer 

George  W.  Green 

Robert  Hayes 

Charles  Smith 

Low  D.  Webb 

Private  Rudolph  Arndt 

John  Battersbee 

Francis  Blake 

Thomas  Brady 

John  C.  Brown 

Patrick  Burke 

Darby  Burns 

Hazimier  Canomski 

Carl  Christiansen 

Francis  M.  Cleary 

Peter  Collins 


i6z  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Michael   Crogan 

Albert  J.  Cross 

Wesley  Dailey 

James  Daley 

John  E.  Davis 

Frank  Depoire 

Edwin  Eeney 

Michael  Feeney 

Thomas  Fitzpatrick 

Richard  Gregg 

George  Harris 

Matthew  Harrison 

Henry  Heine 

John  Henderson 

George  W.  Hicks 

John  Hoggan 

John  Igo 

Hugh  Jeffery 

Stephen  Jennings 

Israel  L.  Jones 

Mathew  Kelly 

Thomas  Kelly 

Michael  Kennedy 

Joseph  Kremer 

Owen  Mahoney 

Andrew  Marshal 

James  Marx 

George  Meins 

Frederick  Miller 

Samuel  Miller 

John  B.  Montgomery 

Owen  McGorman 

Patrick  McDonell 

Peter  McKenny 


AT  WEST   POINT  163 

Frank  Nelson 

Michael  Neville 

John  Noonan 

Joseph  Odgers 

Michael  O'Keefe 

John  C.  Orwig 

John  Parker 

Eail  Payne 

John  Reichling 

Jacob  Rife 

Emil  Rotwitt 

Henry  Ruhr 

William  Schweer 

Henry  Schwep 

John  Wesley  Smith 

John  D.  Steel 
Oliver  P.  Stewart 

Edward  Walsh 

Charles  W.  Washburn 

Recruit  William  H.  Potter 

nth  U.  S.  Infantry. 
First  Sergeant  Thomas  O'Connor 

John  Remsen 

Sergeant  John  P.  Birmingham 

Edward  Britt,  Jr.   . 

Frank  W.  Clock 

Alfred  E.  Cook 

William  C.  Fitzgerald 

Patrick  Fitzmorris 

Henry  Clay  Ford 

Francis  Fuchs 

James  Henry 

William  H.  Keys 


164  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Samuel  Murphy 

H.  M.  Reed 

William  H.  Thomas 

Corporal  James  B.  F.  Adams 

Josiah  S.  Estabrook 

James  M.  Fleming 

Pulaski  Jerome 

Ephraim  Sands 

William  P.  Woodworth 

William  Wylie 

Private  Albert  Anderson 

Albert  Ankerson 

George  A.  Annis 

Robert  R.  Armstrong 

John  L.  Arnold 

Joseph  Bissonnette 

Michael  H.  Bock 

Charles  W.  Bodman 

George  J.  Brown 

Henry  Brown 

Michael  Carew 

James  D.  Cavenagh 

John  Clahane 

John  Conway 

Philip  Corrigan 

John  Creardon 

Michael  Curley 

Mark  Dempsey 

Napoleon  Dubue 

Elias  A.  Dunkelberg 

Albert  P.  Eagle 

Alfred  Esset 

George  W.  Fales 

Patrick  Fallon 


AT  WEST    POINT  165 


James  Farrell 

Michael  Fitzgibbon 

John  Flangherty 

Jeremiah  Ford 

Louis  Fuchs 

Benjamin  F.  Garland 

Gedeon  Germain 

John  Goff 

John  Hanna 

Solomon  Hannant 

Charles  Horton 

George  Jacobs 

Otho  Jenkins 

Darwin  Johnson 

James  Kelley 

John  Keenan 

Jonas  Keim 

Thomas  Kennedy 

Thomas  W.  Laurence 

George  LaMountain 

Henry  Lasinger 

Henry  L.  Leighton 

Timothy  Lowry 

Thomas   Mallon 

Albert  Mattice 

William  Mears 

Gottlieb  Metsger 

John  Miller 

James  F.  Mitchell 

Patrick  Molloy 

James  Moonay 

Casimire  Morain 

John  T.  Myers 

John  McCluskey 

HA 


1 66  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Alcott  D.  McKeen 

Charles  McElroy 

Private  John  O'Keefe 

Richard  Parsons 

Andrew  W.  Perkins 

John  H.  Ransom 

Henry  Reals 
William  Rising 

John  Roach 
Stapylton  Robinson 

George  Ryan 
Thomas  F.  Ryan 

George  Scott 

Andreas  Selyelie 

Frank  Sheldon 

James  L.  Sholes 

George  J.  Simpson 

William  I.  Sloan 

Oliver  J.  Stork 

Levi  Strickland 

Hubert  Stone 

William  Sullivan 

William  H.  Sullivan 

James  Sweeney 

Henry  Thron 

Charles  H.  Tinker 

Willard  Twichell 

George  Vanbuskirk 

William  Walace 

Charles  Watkins 

Virgil  I.  Wheeler 

Luke  White 

David  Wright 

Amos  B.  Wilcox 

Charles  Wilson 


AT  WEST    POINT  167 

I2tb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

First  Sergeant  Richard  Blakely 

Kasper  Dusmann 

Thomas  Earley 

Sergeant  Peter  Black 

William  A.  Eichelberger 

Charles  Meeks 
Joseph  Morrison 
Valentine  B.  Oaks 

Hugh  Rogers 

Michael  Shannahan 

Corporal  Ithamer  Barbur 

William  H.  Brundage 

Charles  E.  Dunn 

Morgan  Flanders 

John  B.  McLaughlin 

James  M.  Nelson 

William  Over 

Francis  Tracey 

Samuel  J.  Walton 

George  M.  Wark 

Joel  White 

Ludwig  Wittstock 

Private  George  Abender 

James  Aiken 

Charles  Andrus 

William  Armstrong 

Joseph  Ashborne 

Patrick  Ayres 

William  D.  Baldwin 

Anthony  Barrett 

Solomon  Bell 

John  Biggs 

Benjamin  F.  Black 

Justin  S.  Booth 


i68  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Anthony  Bush 

Ezra  Carter 

James  Cassidy 

Joseph  Champlain 

John  Chard 
Aurora  S.  Chatfield 

John  Clark 
Patrick  Crawford          . 
George  Comstock 

John  Currie 

Jacob  P.  Cutright 

James  T.  Davis 

Michael  Donavan 

Hiram  Dunning 

William  Dushon 

Levi  Eells 

Solomon  Eldridge 

Patrick  Gartland 

Eugene  Gerard 

Philip  Glessner 

John  Gray 

Samuel  Green 

Edward  M.  Hammond 

William  Hannegan 
George  M.  Harrington 

John  Higgins 

Charles  Hinniker 

William  H.  Hoffman 

Samuel  Hyland 

Martin  James 

Jacob  Johnson 

Reuben  Kelley 

Daniel  Kenney 

Christopher  Kimbley 


AT  WEST  POINT  169 

George  W.  Kinney 

Edward  Kirwin 

Edward  Kiser 

Benjamin  F.  Lee 

Adrian  Lucas 

Thomas  Lyons 

Edward  Maloney 

Stephen  Markham 

Hugh  McGowen 

Alexander   McMillen 

Patrick  Meagher 

Isaac  Mellin 
Henry  C.  Mereness 

John  Moles 
Thomas  Morgan 

Levi  Morway 

David  D.  Moser 

Edward  McCann 

John  McManus 

George  Neeger 

James  O' Conner 

William  O'Grady 

Jonathan  Oliver 

Andrew  O'Neil 

Albert  Parker 

George  H.  Patterson     . 

Alonson  Pearce 

Martin  Pringle 

Patrick  Quigley 

Thomas  Richards 

William  Riley 

Joseph  Robbe 

Frank  Schiffmacher 

John  L.  Shackelford 


; 

THK 


1 70  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Charles  Shaile 

Charles  Shellhert 

James  M.  Sivine 

LaFayette  G.  Smith 

David  Stancleft 

Edward  N.  Stewart 

Edgar  I.  Town 

Lewis  Ward 

Frank  Watier 

George  Werner 

George  Whiting 

Noah  Wickersham 

John  Wilkie 

Zule  Witsel 

Charles  Wright 

John  Wyne 

ijtb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Sergeant-Major  George  W.  Steever 

First  Sergeant  Frank  Dilworth 

Sergeant  James  E.  Browne 

Charles  H.  Ludlow 

John  C.  Matthews 

Milo  J.  Somers 

Jesse  B.  Webster 

Corporal  Edward  Maher 

Daniel  T.  Payne 

Asahel  Skinner 

Robert  H.  Slate 

Henry  Yank 

Musician  George  Haney 

Private  Richard  Bailey 

John  Beringer 
Jacob  H.  Bumgardner 


AT  WEST   POINT  171 

Clark  Burris 

Thomas  Cassidy 

William  H.  Clair 

Joseph  C.  Cramer 

John  Danaha 

Thatcher  O.  Danforth 

Alonzo  S.  Eaton 

Dennis  Flynn 

John  Gillespie 

John  Glancy 

Edward  Hamilton 

John  Hampson 
William  H.  H.  Harrison 

Alfred  Hastings 

Asaph  K.  Hildreth 

Christopher  Hite 

Anton  Jeager 
George  H.  Johnson 

John  C.  Kimble 
Augustus  G.  Laban 

John  Lamer 

Daniel  Lienhardt 

Henry  Lurink 

John  Maggert 

William  Miller 

Charles  H.  Mooers 

James  Nash 

Richard  H.  Palmer 

Frank  Roberts 

Gottfred  Rocht 

Charles  Schroeder 

William  P.  Sims 

Thomas  Warner 

Charles  Wheaton 


THE   BATTLE  MONUMENT 

Michael  Winn 
Edward  D.  Wood 

I4tb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

First  Sergeant  Joseph  Stengele 

Sergeant  John  F.  Barnes 

John  Doyle 

John  Collins 

Albert  Funke 

Jesse  A.  Ingersoll 

Francis  L.  Theremin 

Albert  M.  Welles 

James  Williams 

Thomas  F.  Wise 

Corporal  William  H.  H.  Barnhart 

Joel  Edmund  Benton 

Francis  Burchard 

John  Burke 

Daniel  Cavanagh 

Lewis  F.  Colton 

William  A.  Fay 

Gustav  Fomm 

James  Green 

Milles  Jamerson 

John  Laffin 

George  Meyers 

William  H.  Reed 

Augustus  S.  Vogintz 

James  Worrell 
Private  William  U.  Aid 

John  W.  Allen 
James  A.  Alexander 

Abram  Baker 
Marion  Bartholf 


AT  WEST   POINT  1?3 

Lewis  Berkfelt 

John  Bonaparte 

William  J.  Boyle 

Warner  Brown 

Edward  Burns 

Harrison  Carkin 

Samuel  Carnes 

Patrick  Cassidy 

Hiram  Cole 

Parker  C.  Colladay 

George  Compton 

Patrick  Cooney 

Nathaniel  B.  Copp  • 

Arthur  Cosgrove 

Paul  S.  Crosby 

John  Gushing 

Gurdin  B.  Dart 

John  Davidson 

Patrick  Degnan 

Thomas  Diamon 

Michael  Donohue 

William  Driesbach 

Dennis  Driscoll 

John  M.  Easby 

James  Eagin 

Hector  Fan  ton 

John  Farrell 

Charles  Fees 

John  Fitzgerald 

John  Foley 

Henry  Francis 

Robert  Franey 

Dudley  Gordon 

James  Gordon 


174  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Samuel  W.  Goodall 

Frederick  Grasper 

John  Green 

Allen  Hadley 

William  D.  Hammonds 

Thomas  Hannah 

William  Harris 

James  Hart 

Hiram  Haynes 

John  C.  Heath 

Jackson  Henion 

Barney  Horan 

John  L.  Horton 

Edmund  W.  Howard 

Horace  P.  Howd 

Andrew  J.  Hughes 

John  Jefferies 

•  William  Jenner 

Moses  Jones 

Henry  Keast 

Tracy  A.  Kellogg 

Albert  Kendall 
Christopher  Klenk 
Duncan  Langmuir 

Patrick  Larkin 

Michael  Ledwitch 

Byron  Loomis 

Andrew  Love 

David  Loyall 

Charles  Lucua 

Martin  Luhtz 

Dennis  Martin 

Nicholas  W.  Millis 

John  McAlpine 


AT  WEST    POINT  175 

Arthur  McCune 

John  McDonald 

Thomas  McDonald 

James  McManus 

John  McSorley 

Peter  Millmore 

James  Minogue 

Walter  Moll 
James  Morrison 
Thomas  Murray 

John  Mooney 

Thomas  Mulligan 

Hiram  Newman 

Thomas  Noonen 

Charles  O' Conner 

Patrick  O'Neill 
Edwin  G.  Osgood 

Joshua  Peck 
Sidney  R.  Peterson 
Charles  N.  Phillips 

Patrick  Power 

William  Prescott 

Ezra  Prindle 

David  Regan 

Oliver  Robbins 

Hiram  B.  Robinson 

Martin  Roney 
Charles  Schirmer 

Ozias  Shank 

Thomas  E.  Sheets 

Richard  Simpkins 

Simon  Singerling 

George  Slade 

George  Smith 


176  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Samuel  S.  Smith 

John  Smith 

Henry  Snider 

George  Stadler 

Edson  Stevens 

Frederick  Stevens 

William  H.  Swartz 

Robert  Swindells 

James  Trusdell 
George  F.  Turner 

Ezra  Vallean 

Edward  Vining 

.   Mark  Ward 

George  Watson 

Sidney  Way 

John  Weik 

Erastus  D.  Woodman 

Playford  Woods 


U.  S.  Infantry. 
First  Sergeant  Edward  Cummings 

Charles  Kelling 

Sergeant  William  H.  Benson 

Peter  Byrnes 

Peter  Hartz 

John  G.  Hughes 

John  Kanable 

Edward  Quinn 

Corporal  Augustus  Brown 

Daniel  Butler 

John  Carr 

Charles  Wesley  Chessroun 
*         Samuel  T.  Davis 
J.  Henry  Ferris 


AT  WEST    POINT 

Thomas  M.  Irwin 
William  McDonald 

Thomas  Price 

Musician  Patrick  Burns 

Private  Robert  Adams 

Mathias  Akerman 

Jacob  Aumiller 

John  Bawer 

Jonathan  Blaker 

Franklin  Blanz 

David  Bowman 

Chester  Brown 

Isaac  Bubb 

Archelaus  Card 

Joseph  A.  Cellar 

Andrew  J.  Collins 

William  E.  Coyn 

John  Cradle 

Henry  Darwood 

Isaac  Debore 

Isaac  Detwiler 

Enoch  Dunham 

Andrew  Duttry 

Thomas  Findly 

Samuel  Finley 

Elias  Fissel 

Patrick  Fits 

John  Frank 

Ithiner  Gatton 

Benjamin  Geph 

Gustave  Gericke 

Peter  Gilooly 
Jesse  B.  Goodsell 
Elias  K.  Gruver 


178  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

David  Hartz 

William  M.  Hatch 

Henry  M.  Hayden 

Lawrence  Hayes 

Thomas  Hegan 

William  Hennicy 

Jacob  Hexamer 

Edward  Higley 

William  H.  Hoover 

Robert  M.  Horner 

Robert  Howell 

Vincent  Jester 

David  Jones 

William  Kappel 

William  Ambrose  King 

Harrison  Kinney 

Emanuel  Kritzer 

Joseph  T.  R.  Lamb 

William  Leiby 

James  H.  Lemon 

Francis  M.  LeRoy 

Isaiah  Lomison 

John  Marrs 

John  Marshall 

John  W.  Marshgrove 

Christian  F.  Matznick 

John  Mauk 

Samuel  Mehaffey 

Franklin  Meson 

John  Murphy 

William  McCall 

Florence  McCarty 

James  H.  McDowell 

Daniel  McGowan 


AT  WEST   POINT  179 

James  McKinley 

Robert  Miller 

Edward  Moran 

Michael  McCabe 

Patrick  McDonald 

Daniel  Neely 

Samuel  Newcomb 

Cyrus  Newman 

Jeremiah  Nichols 

Samuel  G.  Nunveller 

Joshua  W.  Patten 

David  Perry 

Joshua  M.  Prevost 

Farrel  Queenan 

Suton  B.  Quin 

Robert  Raison 

Alex.  C.  Ramsey 

Daniel  Reichart 

Josephus  Reis 

Benjamin  Riddle 

Edward  Rogers 

Hamilton  W.  C.  Roney 

Newton  Root 

John  Rourke 

Robert  Ruttman 

Joseph  Sandbach 

Benjamin  Scott 

Thomas  J.  Scutt 

Philip  Sep 

Harrison  C.  Smith 

Jesse  Sponsler 

Joseph  Styer 

Thomas  Suthers 

Martin  V.  Suttle 


i8o  THE    BATTLE   MONUMENT 

John  Sweaney 

Henry  Symington 

Charles  W.  Thompson 

George  Townsend 
Charles  H.  Umbaugh 

Lewis  Vasion 
Gustavus  Vincent 

John  Walsh 

William  E.  Walter 

Harrison  Wannamacher 

John  Waugh 

Thomas  E.  Whiteside 

David  Wise 

l6tb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Commissary  Sergeant  James  M.  Howe 

Sergeant  Brice  Veirs  Baker 

William  D.  Reynolds 

Corporal  Thomas  Donahue 

David  C.  Jennings 

Alexander  Kinkaid 

Thomas  O'Neill 

Robert  Robinson 

Cortland  Wells 

Private  Samuel  C.  Adams 

Walter  F.  Amos 

Hallett  W.  Barber 

Alexander  Boyle 

Edward  Brady 

Amos  Brainard 

James  Brooks 

James  Buck 

Thomas  Caldwell 

Patrick  Canon 


AT  WEST    POINT  181 


Erastus  Cheedle 

Frank  Clark 

Jacob  Clement 

Christian  Corai 

John  Crabtree 

Solomon  H.  Curtis 

James  Darcy 
Gregory  Drouillard 

John  Dubi 

Fernando  Ferguson 

Carl  Fjetterstrom 

Nathan  Frost 
George  E.  Galligher 

James  Gillick 

Francis  A.  Gilson 

Nicholas  Ginsburg 

Nicholas  Growney 

John  Harrison 

Joseph  Harper 

Nicholas  Hendelong 

William  J.  Hendrickson 

Martin  Herrix 
William  Howard 

John  Hurley 

George  P.  Hutchinson 

Frederick  Kalenbach 

Patrick  Keho 

Michael  Kilmartin 

William  J.  Leslie  • 

Benjamin  Lewis 

James  B.  Lewis 

Hugh  Livingston 

Charles  Lyons 

George  Mahon 

I2A 


1 82  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Charles  A.  Mann 

Amos  Mellott 

Elias  Minnich 

Patrick  Murphy 

Felix  McCarthy 

Patrick  McCaughy 

John  McLeod 

Martin  O'Connor 

John  Olson 

Louis  Orth 

Dennis  O' Sullivan 

Thomas  Owens 

Charles  Page 
Lemuel  K.  Palmer 
Ami  Curtis  Perry 

Robert  Pitts 

George  L.  Pooler 

Samuel  Robinson 

Robert  W.  Russell 

James  Saunders 
Warren  E.  Sawyer 

Coleman  Shuff 

Benjamin  F.  Silsby 

Aaron  Simons 

Richard  Stanley 

Charles  B.  Stiteler 

Hanson  Stocdal 

John  Stokes 

Samuel  Swainbank 

Wilford  Trueblood 

Valentine  Vigar 

Charles  West 

Zacariah  G.  White 

John  Williams 


AT  WEST   POINT  183 

iftb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

First  Sergeant  William  H.  T.  Hogan 

Sergeant  Silas  P.  Blanchard 

James  M.  Downs 

Charles  P.  Giles 

Henry  P.  Hyde 

Henry  J.  Madison 

Ransom  L.  Smith 

Corporal  Stephen  G.  Armstrong 

Elias  H.  Baker 

John  Elliott 
Dennis  Fitzpatrick 
Francis  D.  Gould 

James  Mitchell 

John  S.  Pomeroy 

John  W.  M.  Small 

John  C.  Wadsworth 

Lester  F.  Wells 

Private  Albion  T.  E.  Avery 

Albert  I.  Allard 

William  F.  Banks 

Patrick  Baron 

Enos  S.  Bishop 

Thomas  Brozzen 

David  Burke 

Charles  P.  Butler 

William  A.  Byrne 

William  Cahill 

Washington  Cole 

Daniel  J.  Conant 

Solon  L.  Cornell 

William  J.  Cottell 

David  Crider 

William  Duffy 


1 84  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Alphonso  Estes 

John  Finton 

Patrick  Flood 

Frederick  W.  Cans 

Albert  M.  Gould 

Michael  Hallinan 

George  G.  Hammond 

Joseph  Henny 

Ephraim  Holmes 

Edwin  A.  Howard 

Rufus  B.  Jameson 

Thomas  Kearney 

George  M.  Kennerson 

Louis  Kilborn 

Marcus  Killam 

John  King 

Michael  King 

Michael  Landers 

Nathaniel  Lombard 

Thomas  Lynn 

James  Mangan 

Michael  Marshal 

Patrick  Mehan 

James  Merrill 

Charles  H.  Miller 

Jacob  Mitchell 

Michael  Murphy 

Samuel  Murray 

James  McHough 

John  McMahon 

Barney  McNamee 

Erskine  E.  McMillan 

Amos  Newland 
Stover  W.  Nichols 


AT  WEST    POINT  185 

Patrick  OJ  Brian 

Bartholomew  O'Donnell 

Michael  O'Kane 

George  W.  Paul 

William  Pender 

Robert  Perkins 

Orlando  H.  Powers 

Joseph  Prince 

George  C.  Prouty 

William  Schmidt 

Fairy  Selem 
Sebastian  Shaffer 

George  Sites 

Carl  Joseph  Standar 

Benjamin  Stone 

Edward  Sullivan 

Charles  H.  Temple 

Henry  Thompson 

Isaac  Travis 

Josiah  Victory 

Charles  H.  Whitney 

Constantine  Yeker 

i8tb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Sergeant- Major  Christopher  Peterson 

First  Sergeant  Zenas  Dunham 

Ruggels  Elrick 

George  F.  White 

Sergeant  James  Barrett 

John  G.  Boyce 

Cheyney  H.  Dawson 

Samuel  Dobbins 

Amos  Flegal 
Solomon  Greenley 


1 86  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Henry  Headley 

Thomas  W.  Jesse 

William  P.  Leibole 

William  D.  Madeira 

Thomas  Shonessy 

William  Tombon 

Tunis  H.  Swick 

Joseph  F.  Wether 

Corporal  Jesse  H.  Brooks 

Bernard  C.  Connelly 

Joseph  H.  Dodds 

John  C.  Donnelly 

Warren  D.  Estabrook 

John  Falter 

Alexander  Goodwell 

Joseph  L.  Harcourt 

William  H.  Himes 

Samuel  Hobill 

Jacob  Leibole 

John  Linebaugh 

Isaac  Linn 

Thomas  J.  Long 

James  Lowden 

Engelbert  A.  Miller 

Uriah  H.  McDowell 

Patrick  O'Connors 

Francis  M.  Philippi 

William  Walter 

Musician  James  Marsh 

Private  James  Adair 

John  Alberty 

Peter  Altmeyer 

James  Anderson 

James  A.  Anderson 


AT  WEST   POINT  187 

Charles  Argus 

S.  T.  Armstrong 

John  W.  Arthur 

William  Baglin,  Jr. 

Gordon  Beard 

Ezra  Beckwith 

William  H.  Bellfield 

Isaac  Bemesdarfer 

Edwin  Benjamin 

Andrew  Bowers 

Jacob  Bike 

Jacob  Blessing 

Joseph  Bray 

Bernard  Brinck 

George  Brooks 

Preston  Brown 

Henry  Burns 

Martin  Burr 

George  W,  Burton 

Adolphus  Caio 

Arthur  D.  Cantrell 

John  J.  Carmean 

John  Cashiell 

John  W.  Cass 

Bishop  Church 

Miller  Clark 

Abraham  Combs 

Andrew  J.  Connor 

William  Cornwall 

William  H.  Crandall 

Edward  Cunningham 

Samuel  Daihl 

Thomas  B.  Daniels 

Alexander  Dean 


1 88  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Thompson  J.  W.  Devor 
William  H.  Diehl 

James  Dixon 

William  Durller 

George  Eckert 

Joseph  F.  Elcbeck 

William  Ennis 

Joseph  A.  Ensign 

Valentine  Farrenkoff 

James  S.  Fisher 

James  Fitzgerald 

Willis  B.  Fitzgerald 

Franklin  S.  Frick 

John  Fussalmann 

Michael  Gallivin 

Philip  Gorsuck 

William  Gray 

Mahlon  F.  Hancock 

James  Handley 

Elisha  Harper 

James  Harrisson 

John  T.   Havice 

Jarret  Claiborn  Headington 

Alexander  Helmold 

Moses  C.  Helvirson 

Ambrose  Higgins 

Ferdinand  Hill 

Samuel  Hill 
Nicholas  Holsbach 

Joseph  Hook 

Jeremiah  Howald 

George  W.  Hoyt 

Thomas  Porter  Hunley 

W.  W.  Hutchison 


AT  WEST    POINT  189 

Joseph  A.  Hynus 

John  Jacobee 

Joel  Jacobs 

John  Jewel 

Isaac  B.  Jones 

Richard  J.  Jones 

Frank  Kelley 

Fredric  H.  Kiest 

George  W.  Kleckner 

Daniel  Kring 

Edward  P.  Lacey 

Charles  W.  Laff 

Michael  Larkin 

William  H.  Larrowe 

Anthony  Livingston 

Joseph  Luken 
James  B.  Massey 
Francis  Masterson 

John  Merten 

Thomas  Mooney 

George  H.  Morrison 

Samuel  Mowrer 
Patrick  McDonnell 

Peter  Murphy 

James  W.  McAdow 

Alfred  M.  McGinnis 

Robert  McGuire 

Thomas  Nary 

Robert  F.  Nightingale 

Dennis  O'Brien 

James  O'Neill 

John  O'Hara 

James  Ostrander 

Samuel  Palmer 


1 9o  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

John  W.  Parsons 

Thornton  Perry 

Harvey  Peters,  Jr. 

John  W.  Peters 
William  L.  Pinney 

Emery  Plumley 

George  H.  Poorman 

Timothy  Quinn 

Martin  Rapstock 

Nathan  Ray 

Stephen  Ray 

David  Redmon 

Charles  Reifenberg 

Samuel  C.  Rhoads 

Henry  Rider 

Charles  Roberson 

William  H.  Robey 

Amos  Robins 

Patrick  Savage 

Joseph  W.  Sawyer 

James  M.  Saxton 

Theodore  Schmitz 

Charles  Schreck 

Hugh  Scolan 

Gideon  W.  B.  Searight 

Jacob  Shaffer 

Amos  Sherman 

Isaac  S.  Shoffner 

Christian  Shrack 

George  Shuler 

William  Sieg 

Joseph  Harrison  Silk 

George  B.  Smith 

Harrison  D.  Smith 


AT  WEST    POINT  191 

Henry  D.  Smith 

James  Smith 
John  M.  Smith 

David  Sours 

George  W.  Stierhof 

David  D.  Stine 

George  W.  Stone 

Francis  Stoufer 

George  W.  Stover 

Martin  V.  Swank 

William  H.  Swisher 

Abraham  Tabler 

Jonas  Tallhamer 

Newton  Tharp 

William  H.  Thomas 

James  Thompson 

John  Henry  Tieman 

Jonathan  Trueblood 

George  Waterfield 

Alexander  White 

William  E.  Wilison 

Isaac  Wilson 

John  Wilson 

Joseph  Wosmer 

Franklin  Zimmerman 

i$tb  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Sergeant  James  F.  Day 

Patrick  Leonard 

John  H.  Topky 

Corporal  Lewis  Bols 

Nicholas  Clemenz 

Benjamin  Davis 

Thomas  Doyle 


i92  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Joseph  Purer 
Frederick  Kunzel 

John  Reed 
Alexander  Van  Dolkum 

John  R.  Waller 
Private  John  W.  Barnes 

John  Boyer 

Thomas  Brennen 

Charles  Brown 

David  M.  Chubb 

John  Dignan 

Townsend  E.  Fall 

Alexander  Filson 

Michael  P.  Fishell 

David  Gifford 

George  Goettinger 

Edward  Gorman 

Bernard  Haggerty 

Joseph  Hendricks 

Samuel  C.  Higgins 

•    Alexander  Hood 

Peter  Laughlin 

Aaron  Luther 

Patrick  Lynch 

William  Manning 

George  W.  McGuinn 

John  O'Brien 

James  Pierson 

Henry  Porter 

John  Quinn 

Willhun  Randall 

William  Resor 

Jacob  Romig 

John  Schilbe 


AT  WEST   POINT  193 

Philip  Schrom 

Henry  Shul 

Adam  Smith 

James  Smith 

Claiborne  Taliafero 

Charles  Tanner 

Paul  Tatem 

Henry  Thompson 

Henry  T.  Tibbits 

John  Wilger 


RECAPITULATION 


Total  number  of  officers  killed  .       ;>  .          .          .        188 

Total' number  of  enlisted  men  killed        .«;.;.          .          ."    2042 


OFFICERS. 

General  Officers     .          .          ....          .          .  2 

General  Staff  Officers  .          .      '   .  4 

Staff  Corps. 

Corps  of  Engineers         ....  7 

Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers    ...  2 

Ordnance  Department  •          .          ...  2 


Total  Staff  Corps  1 1 

Cavalry. 

ist  Cavalry      .                       8          4th  Cavalry     .  .            5 

2d  Cavalry       .          .             5          5th  Cavalry     »  *            8 

3d  Cavalry       .          .             2          6th  Cavalry     .  .            8 

Total  Cavalry  36 
194 


AT  WEST    POINT  195 

Artillery. 

ist  Artillery     .          .            8          4th  Artillery    .  ..   •         6 

zd  Artillery      .                        5           5th  Artillery  .  .           10 
3d  Artillery      .           .             3 

Total  Artillery  3z 


Infantry. 

\  st  Infantry 

.     '           Z 

nth  Infantry 

8 

zd 

9 

izth       " 

n 

3d        « 

z 

1  3th       " 

4 

4th       " 

4 

I4th       " 

10 

5th       «« 

3 

1  5th       " 

4 

6th       « 

z 

1  6th       " 

9 

7th 

4 

1  7th 

9 

8th       " 

3 

1  8th 

9 

9th       " 

o 

1  9th       " 

4 

loth       " 

6 

_____ 

Total  Infantry  103 

ENLISTED  MEN. 

Staff  Corps. 

Battalion  of  Engineers           z          Signal  Corps  .            6 

Ordnance  Corps        .             i          General  Service  .             i 

Total  Staff  Corps  10 

Cavalry. 

ist  Cavalry                 .          79          4th  Cavalry  .          4z 

zd       "                     .          7z          5th      "  .          5z 

3d        "                                z6       .6th      "  47 

Total  Cavalry  318 


196 


THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 


ist  Artillery 
2d        " 
3d 


Artillery. 

76          4th  Artillery 

48          5th       '« 

39 

Total  Artillery 


80 

81 


Infantry. 

ist  Infantry   .          . 

3i 

1  1  th  Infantry 

115 

2d         "        .        ,.; 

87 

1  2th 

118 

3d         «        . 

37 

ijth        "        . 

52 

4th 

51 

1  4th        "    -   . 

150 

5th 

16 

i5th        »       . 

.        129 

6th      " 

31 

1  6th        "       . 

87 

7th      " 

47 

1  7th 

89 

8th       " 

13 

1  8th 

.        205 

9th       " 

0 

1  9th 

51 

loth 

81 



Total  Infantry          I  390 


LIST  OF  ORIGINAL  SUBSCRIBERS   FOR 
THE  BATTLE  MONUMENT. 


Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Abbot,  H.  L.,  Captain  of  Engineers       .          .  .  $13.00 

Abert,  J.  W.,  Major  of  Engineers           .          .  .  10.00 

Alderdice  &  Co.,  Sutlers,  1 2th  Infantry            .  .  10.00 

Aldrich,  B.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry       .          .  .  7.00 

Alexander,  C.  T.,  Surgeon            .          ,          .  .  10.00 

Alexander,  E.  B.,  Colonel  loth  Infantry          .  .  13.00 
Ames,  A.,  Brigadier-General;  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery    18.00 

Ames,  E.  R.,  Lieutenant  7th  Infantry    .          .  .  10.00 

Amory,  T.  J.  C.,  Col.  Mass.  Vols.;  Capt.  7th  Infy.  13.00 

Anderson,  T.  M.,  Captain  loth  Infantry          .  .  10.00 

Andrews,  C.  C.,  Colonel  3d  Minn.  Volunteers  .  13.00 

Arnold,  A.  K. ,  Captain  5th  Cavalry      .          .  .  10.00 

Arnold,  Isaac     .-»...,.          .          .  .  7.00 

Arnold,  W.  F.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry          .  .  7.00 

Ash,  J.  P.,  Captain  5th  Cavalry   .          *       , > .-.  .  10.00 

Atchison,  C.  B.,  Capt.  A.  D.  C.  Vols.;  Lt.  3d  Inf.  8.00 

Austin,  R.  H.,  Capt.  24th  Wisconsin  Volunteers  •  10.00 

Ayres,  R.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry       .          .  .  10.00 

Babbitt,  L.  S.,  1st  Lieutenant  Ord.  Department  .  10.00 

Bache,  H.,  Colonel  of  Engineers            ...   •  :    .::  .  .    13.00 
ISA                                          '97 


198  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Bacon,  C.,  Jr.,  Assistant  Surgeon            .          .  .  $7.00 

Baden,  J.  T.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry     .          .  .  10.00 

Bailey,  T.  C.  J.,  Captain  ijth  Infantry           .  .  10.00 

Bainbridge,  E.  C.,  Captain  5th  Artillery         .  .  8.00 

Bainbridge,  A.  H.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry  .  7.00 

Baird,  A.,  Brigadier-General          ....  50.00 

Baldwin,  H.  M.,  2d  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery  .  10.00 

Bales,  F.  H.,  Captain,  retired        ....  8.00 

Ball,  E.,  Lieutenant  1st  Cavalry    .          .          .  .  7.00 

Bankhead,  H.  C.,  Captain  5th  Infantry           .  .  11.00 

Barclay,  C.  B.  (Citizen)      .          .          .          I'*  100.00 

Barry,  R.  P.,  Captain  1 6th  Infantry       ..         .  ..        8.00 

Barry,  W.  F.,  Brig. -Gen.,  Major  5th  Artillery  .  18.00 

Bartholomew,  W.  H.,  Captain  i6th  Infantry  .  7.00 

Bartlett,  C.  G.,  Captain  1 2th  Infantry             .  .  10.00 

Bartlett,  W.  H.  C.,  Prof.  U.  S.  M.  A.      •   w'      . .  15.00 

Beaumont,  E.  B.,  Captain  4th  Cavalry             .  .  8.00 

Beckwith,  A.,  Major  Subsistence  Department  .  15.00 

Beecher,  H.  B.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery         .  .  10.00 

Beecher,  Rev.  H.  W.           .....  50.00 

Benet,  S.  V.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department   .  .  10.00 

Benham,  H.  W.,  Brigadier-General  Volunteers  .  18.00 

Benjamin,  S.  N.,  Lieutenant  3d  Artillery        -**  .  10.00 

Benton,  J.  G.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department  .  10.00 

Best,  C.  L.,  Captain  4th  Artillery          .          .  .  n.oo 

Bisbee,  W.  H.,  Lieutenant  i8th  Infantry        .  .  7.00 

Bliss,  A.,  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.            .    •     V  .  20.00 

Blunt,  C.  E.,  Major  Engineers      .          .         -.  .  10.00 

Blunt,  M.  M.,  Captain  I2th  Infantry    .          »  .  8.00 

Board,  C.  A.  F.,  retired      .          .          .•     W. ,.  .  8.00 

Bomford,  J.  V.,  lieutenant-Colonel  i6th  Infantry  .  n.oo 

Bonneville,  B.  L.  E.,  Colonel,  retired   .          .  .  13.00 

Bowman,  A.  H.,  Colonel  of  Engineers            .  .  40.00 


AT  WEST    POINT 


199 


Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Boyce,  P.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry          .          .          . v    $10.00 

Brackett,  A.  G.,  Colonel  Vols.;  Major    1st  Cavalry  13.00 

Brady,  G.  K.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry          '.          .  7.00 

Brainerd,  T.  C.,  Assistant  Surgeon         .          .         -,-..  10.00 

Brewerton,  H.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Engineers     .  25.00 

Brigham,  E.  D.,  Capt.  Com.  Sub.          .          .      '•.  '». .._-  8.00 

Britton,  T.,  Lieutenant  6th  Infantry       .      ,    .          ..  -  7.00 

Brooks,  W.  T.  H.,  Major-General         .      i  ^ ,    ^,v.  30.00 

Brown,  F.  H.,  Lieutenant  i8th  Infantry      »  :..      . ,.,, '..  7.00 

Brown,  H.,  Lieutenant  i8th  Infantry     .      •  ...         .    •  7.00 

Buchanan,  R.  C.,  Lieut. -Colonel  1 4th  Infantry        .  n.oo 

Buell,  D.  C.,  Major-General  Volunteers          .        .  .  30.00 

Buffington,  A.  R.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department    .  10.00 

Burbank,  S.  W.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry            .          .  10.00 

Burke,  D.  W.,  Lieutenant  ad  Infantry    .          .          .  10.00 

Burke,  P.  E.,  Captain  1 4th  Infantry      „  ..; .-.    •  :;  .  8.00 

Burnett,  R.  L.,  Lieutenant  izth  Infantry      .-..         .  7  Too 

Burnham,  H.  M.,  First  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery       .  25.00 

Burns,  T.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry          ..«*      .  .-'  •  ./i.  ;  10.00 

Burns,  W.  W.,  Brigadier-General           .      ,    .  '       .  18.00 

Burroughs,  Geo.,  Lieutenant  Engineers            .          .  10.00 

Bush,  E.  G.,  Captain  loth  Infantry        .          ;t         .  8.00 

Butler,  J.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry       ,    ,          .          .  7.00 

Butterfield,  D.,  Major-General      .         v         .          .  27.00 

Byrne,  T.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry      .  ,  .          .          .  7.00 

Callender,  F.  D.,  Major  Ordnance  Department        .  10.00 

Canby,  S.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery       .          .          .  7.00 

Card,  B.  C.,  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.     ,       .;>      ,*•»»,,  8.00 

Carlin,  W.  P.,  Brigadier-General            .          .          .  20.00 

Carney,  J.  D.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry    .          «          .  8.00 

Carpenter,  A.  B.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry     .          ..  10.00 

Carpenter,  T.  H.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry       v  .    '   .  C  8.00 

Carr,  C.  C.  C.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry          ,.-   .      * ;.;  10.00 


OF  THJT 

UNIVERSITY 

f  o7       ~    ,, 


200  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Carr,  E.  A.,  Brigadier-General     ....      $18.00 

Carter,  J.  W.,  Lieutenant  lyth  Infantry          .          .  7.00 

Casey,  Silas,  Major-General           ....  30.00 

Casey,  T.  L.,  Major  Corps  of  Engineers         .          .  10.00 

Chaffee,  C.  C.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  .  15.00 
Chambers,  A.,  Brigadier-General;  Capt.  i8th  Infantry   20.00 

Chambliss,  W.  P.,  Major  4th  Cavalry  .          .          .  10.00 

Chapman,  W.,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  retired     .          .  11.00 

Chevers,  M.  L.,  Chaplain*  U.  S.  A.     .          .          .  8.00 

Choisey,  G.  L.,  Lieutenant  i/fth  Infantry       .          .  7.00 

Clarke,  F.  M.,  Captain  5th  Artillery     .        .„•-•        .  10.00 

Clay,  H.  DeB.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry             .          .  8.00 

Clay,  J.  K.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry    .          ;'         .  7.00 

Clements,  B.  A.,  Surgeon    .          .          .       «  *  '      .  10.00 

Clinton,  Wm.,  Captain  loth  Infantry    .          .          .  10.00 

Coates,  E.  M.,  Lieutenant  I2th  Infantry         .          .  10.00 

Cdggswell,  M.,  Captain  8th  Infantry      .          .          .  10.00 

Cole,  A.  A.,  Lieutenant  7th  Infantry     .          .          .  7.00 

Coleman,  R.  W.,  Civilian  ....*.  15.00 

Collins,  G.  H.,  Civilian      .          .          .      *-.,        .  10.00 

Comly,  C.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department           .  20.00 

Comstock,  C.  B.,  Captain  Corps  of  Engineers         ,  n.oo 

Conrad,  J.  S.,  Captain  2d  Infantry     ;.'.          .-.     •',.  8.00 

Coolidge,  R.  H,,  Medical  Inspector      .       -A          .  15.00 

Cooper,  S.  W.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry          .          .  7.00 

Coppinger,  J.  J.,  Captain  141)1  Infantry           .-"        .  10.00 

Cornick,  W.  F.,  Assistant  Surgeon         .          .          ,  '-  7.00 
Counselman,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  1st  Artillery  .          .'.-.'  10.00 

Crilly,  F.  J.,  Captain  and  A.  Q^  M.     .         ;  -       ,  10.00 

Crofton,  R.  E.  A.,  Captain  i6th  Infantry    •  j  .    /  ,  8.00 

Crosman,  C.  H.,  Colonel  and  Quartermaster            .  13.00 

Cross,  O.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Quartermaster     .  15.00 

Culbertson,  S.  S.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry    .          .  10.00 


AT   WEST    POINT  201 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Curtis,  A.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry      .          .  .      $10.00 

Curtis,  S.  R.,  Major-General         .          .          .  •< '.,'''  27.00 

Gushing,  H.  C.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery        .  U     .  10.00 

Cuyler,  J.  M.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  A.            .          .  ,\  15.00 

Dallis,  A.  ].,  Captain            .  „'•  10.00 

Darling,  J.  A.,  Major  Vols. ;    Lieut,  zd  Artillery    .  10.00 

Davidson,  J.  W.,  Brigadier-General        .          .  .  18.00 

Davis,  O.  E.,  First  Lieutenant  of  Engineers    .  .  7.00 

Davis,  R.,  Lieutenant  zd  Infantry           .          .  -»  7.00 

Davis,  T.,  Lieutenant  1 9th  Infantry        .          .  ''.,,-  10.00 

Dean,  W.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry          .        -  .-•  -'.  10.00 

DeCourcy,  F.  E.,  Lieutenant  I3th  Infantry    .  .    .  10.00 

DeKay,  D.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry             i.  .;  7.00 

Delafield,  R.,  Colonel  of  Engineers        .          .  .  50.00 

Denton,  A.  B.,  i8th  Infantry        .          .  •       .  .  10.00 

DeRussy,  R.  E.,  Colonel  of  Engineers             .  .  25.00 

Dimmick,  J.,  Colonel  U.  S.  A.              .          .  .  13.00 

Dodge,  R.  I.,  Captain  8th  Infantry        .         V  .  10.00 

Dolan,  M.,  Lieutenant  zd  Infantry       •-  *          .  .  10.00 

Donaldson,  J.  L.,  Major  Q^  M.  Department  .  15.00 

Dorman,  O.  M.,  Paymaster  Volunteers            .  .  10.00 

Doubleday,  A.,  Major  I7th  Infantry  ;  Major-General  Z7.oo 

Downey,  G.  M.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry     .  .  8.00 

Dowling,  J.  T.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry       .  .  7.00 

Drouillard,  J.  P.,  Captain  6th  Infantry            .  .  8.00 

Drum,  W.  F.,  Captain  zd  Infantry        ,         .  .  8.00 

Drummond,  Thos.,  Captain  5th  Cavalry          .  »  10.00 

Drury,  T.,  Lieutenant  zd  Infantry         v          .  •  fc  7.00 

Dryer,  H.,  Captain  4th  Infantry             .       . .-  !,  8.00 

DuBarry,  B.,  Major  and  Com.  Sub.       .         «.    ,      »,  10.00 

DuBois,  J.  V.,  Captain  3d  Cavalry  ;  Col.  of  Vols.  .  13.00 

Dudley,  J.  S.,  Lieutenant  zd  Artillery    .          *  .  7.00 

Duer,  E.  A.,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery    .          .  »•  •  10.00 


202  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 
Duncan,  T.,  Major  3d  Cavalry      .          .          .                $10.00 

Dunn,  T.  S.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry             .  .  10.00 

DuPont,  H.  A.,  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery        .  .  7.00 

Dutton,  A.  H.,  Lieutenant  of  Engineers          .  .  15.00 

Earle,  M.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry       .          .  .  10.00 

Eckert,  G.  B.,  Lieutenant  3d  Infantry    .          .  .  7.00 

Eddy,  A.  R.,  Captain  and  A.  Q^  M.     .          .  .  8.00 

Edgerton,  W.  G.,  Captain  nth  Infantry         .  .  8.00 

Edie,  J.  R.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  .  10.00 

Edson,  T.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department      .  .  8.00 

Edwards,  D.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry            .  .  10.00 

Egbert,  H.  C.,  Lieutenant  izth  Infantry         *  .  10.00 

Eggemeyer,  A.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry        ..  ,'  .  10.00 

Elder,  S.  S.,  Captain  1st  Artillery      -,,«-.,    ;.  ,  '  -    . ,  8.00 

Elliot,  G.  H.,  Captain  of  Engineers        .         Y  .  20.00 

Elliott,  W.  L.,  Brigadier-General ;  Major  ist  Cav.  20.00 

Ellis,  H.  A.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry       .          .  .  10.00 

Emerson,  J.  J.,  Lieutenant  1 7th  Infantry         .  .  .  '  7.00 

Estes,  C.  A.  M.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry     .  .  10.00 

Evans,  A.  W.,  Captain  6th  Cavalry       .        ,«<'  .  10.00 

Ewers,  E.  P.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry       ;.    .  .>-.  .  7.00 

Falk,  W.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry            .          ,  .  7.00 

Falvey,  J.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry       -   •»          .  •  7.00 

Farley,}.  P.,  Lieutenant  of  Ordnance     .          .  *  /f  7.00 

Farquhar,  F.  U.,  Captain  of  Engineers             .  ...  8.00 

Feiler,  N.  J.,  Captain  ist  Cavalry          .          .  ,  v  10.00 

Fessenden,  F.,  Col.  Vols.  ;   Capt.  I2th  Infantry  .  13.00 

Fetterman,  W.  J.,  Captain  i8th  Infantry      ,  •-*  ,.  i  8.00 

Field,  J.  H.  V.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  7.00 

Fitzgerald,  J.,  Lieutenant  2d  Artillery    .          .  v.  7.00 

Fitzhugh,  C.  L.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery      '>.,-..,  10.00 

Flagler,  D.  W.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department  .  10.00 

Fletcher,  C.  H.,  Captain  ist  Infantry    .       ,-.  j,    ;=  8.00 


AT  WEST    POINT  203 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Flint,  F.  F.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  .      :    .•         .      $15.00 

Foot,  A.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry         .          ;          ..  7.00 

Forsyth,  J.  W.,  Captain  i8th  Infantry          '  *  ••  •••,{.'-  .  10.00 

Foster,}.  G.,  Major-General         .           .          .,.  r  v>.  30.00 

Frank,  R.  T.,  Captain  8th  Infantry        .          I  ,        .  10.0.0 

Franklin,  W.  B.,  Major-General  ;  Col.  I  2th  Infantry  30.00 

Franklin,  W.  S.,  Captain  I2th  Infantry           .          .  8.00 

French,  W.  H.,  Major-General    .        ,-,  '    •«•••<  .       .  30.00 

Fry,  J.  B.,  Major,  A.  A.  G.,  Prov.  Mar.  General  13.00 

Gansevoort,  H.  S.,  Lt.  5th  Art.  ;  Col.  N. Y.  Vol.  Cav.  1 3.00 

Gapen,  H.  C.,  Lieutenant  I5th  Infantry         .          .  7.00 

Gardiner,  J.  W.  T.,  Major,  retired       *          .          .  10.00 

Garrard,  K.,  Brigadier-General  ;  Captain  5th  Cavalry  20.00 

Gentry,  W.  T.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry             .           .  10.00 

Getty,  T.  M.,  Surgeon        .          ;•  •  ^"v        .          ..  10.00 

Gibbon,  J.,  Brigadier-General        .                     .           .  20.00 

Gibbs,  J.  S.,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery     .       ,,?••'        .  7.00 

Gibbs,  T.  K.,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery             .          .  7.00 

Gibson,  A.  A.,  Major  2d  Artillery         .          .          .  10.00 

Gibson,  H.  G.,  Col.  of  Vols.  ;  Major  3d  Cavalry  .  13.00 

Giddings,  G.  R.,  Major  I4th  Infantry   .          .          .  10.00 

Gilbert,  C.  C.,  Major  I9th  Infantry      .          .          .  10.00 

Gillespie,  G.  L.,  Lieutenant  of  Engineers        .          .  10.00 

Gillmore,  Q^  A.,  Major-General             .          .          .  27.00 

Gilman,  J.  H.,  Captain  and  Com.  Sub.           .          .  8.00 

Goddard,  C.  C.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry           .           .  10.00 

Goddard,  C.  E.,  Assistant  Surgeon          .          ...  7.00 

Goodhue,  J.  M.,  Captain  nth  Infantry           .          .  8.00 

Gooding,O.  P.,Capt.  loth  Inf.  ;  Col.  6th  Mass.  Cav.  1 3.00 

Gordan,  G.  H.,  Brig. -Gen.  (late  Capt.  M.  Rifles)  .  25.00 

Graham,}.  D.,  Colonel  of  Engineers     .    "      .          .    -  20.00 

Granger,  G.,  Major-General          .        -.          .         ;.^  27.00 

Granger,  R.  S.,  Brigadier-General       ;   ;          .          *   ;  20.00 


204  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Grant,  U.  S.,  Lieutenant-General           .          .  .  $50.00 

Greene,  J.  D.,  Colonel  8th  Infantry      .          .  .  20.00 

Greene,  O.  D.,  Major,  A.  A.  G.           .          .  .  10.00 

Green,  M.  C.,  Lieutenant  I3th  Infantry         .  .  10.00 

Grier,  W.  N.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  ist  Cavalry  .  n.oo 

Grossman,  F.  E.,  Lieutenant  7th  Infantry       .  .  8.00 

Haight,  E.,  Captain  Vols.  ;  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry  10.00 

Haines,  T.  J.,  Colonel,  Com.  Sub.        .          .  .  13.00 

Hall,  J.  A.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry         .          .  .  10.00 

Hall,  R.  H.,  Captain  loth  Infantry        .          .  .  20.00 

Hall,  R.  M.,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery    .          .  .  7.00 

Hamilton,  J.,  Captain  3d  Artillery          .          .  .  8.00 

Hamilton,  S.  M.,  Lieutenant  3d  Infantry        .  .  7.00 

Hammond,  J.  F.,  Surgeon  .        - .       -  • ,.         .  .  10.00 

Harbach,  A.  A.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry     .  .  10.00 

Hardin,  M.  D.,  Lieut. -Col.  Vols.;  Lieut.  3d  Art'y  30.00 

Hargrave,  R.  W.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry    .  .  7.00 

Harker,  C.  G.,  Captain  1 5th  Infantry  .          •  .  13.00 

Harrington,  G.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry            .      •  *.'  7.00 

Harris,  W.  H.,  Captain  Ordnance         .       ,';•.   ,  .  10.00 

Haskin,  J.  A.,  Major  3d  Artillery          .          ,  .  12.00 

Hastings,  J.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry      .          .  .  10.00 

Hawkins,  H.  S.,  Captain  6th  Infantry    .          .  .  10.00 

Hawkins,  J.  P.,  Brig.-Gen.,  Capt.,  and  A.  C.  S.  .  50.00 

Hawley,  W.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry      .          .  .  7.00 

Hay,  C.  E.,  Lieutenant  3d  Artillery     .          -.  >  12.00 

Haymond,  H.,  Captain  i8th  Infantry    .          .„•  .  10.00 

Hazen,  H.  E.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry           .,.:,-.  ;..t  7.00 

Head,  J.  F.,  Surgeon            .          .          .   .;      .  .  10.00 

Hearn,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry           .  ..  10.00 

Hecksher,  J.  G.,  Captain  I2th  Infantry           .  .  10.00 

Heilman,  W.  H.,  First  Lieutenant  I5th  Infantry  .  7.00 

Heintzelman,  S.  P.,  Major-General        .          .  .  30.00 


AT  WEST   POINT  205 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Hendrickson,  T.,  Major  U.  S.  A.          .  .  .      $10.00 

Henley,  J.  P.,  Lieutenant   5th  Artillery  -^ •'•'•    .^  8.00 

Henry,  G.  V.,  Lieut,  ist  Artillery  ;  Col.  of  Vols.  13.00 

Hickox,  C.  R.,  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery  *  .<  '   •*.  *  10.00 

Higbee,  G.  H.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry  «  ^  J  *  10.00 

Hildeburn,  S.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry     .  '  %•  •  • .'  20.00 

Hitchcock,  E.  A.,  Major-General           .  ^  »    •  .  50.00 

Hodges,  H.  C.,  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.  .  -.'"  10.00 

Hoffman,  Wm.,  Colonel  3d  Infantry     .  .  .  .'  15.00 

Holden,  L.  H.,  Surgeon     -«•«;      •          •  •  '.••^•*  10.00 

Holman,  Chas.,  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery  v  ,  J  *f>  7.00 

Honey,  S.  A.,  Lieutenant  I5th  Infantry  .;  •  7.00 

Hooker,  J.,  Major-General        '-    «' -       *  .  .    .  •  -•'..•  I  27.00 

Hope,  L.  F.      *       •  *<         .       •*'    -.  .  .  5.00 

Hopkins,  J.  A.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry  .  .  *>  7.00 

Hotsenpiller,  C.  W.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry  •>.  ,:  7.00 

Howard,  C.  O.,  Captain  i8th  Infantry  •'  .  10.00 

Howard,  O.  O.,  Major-General   .          .  .  •%    •  27.00 

Howard,  R.  V.  W.,  Lieut.-Col.Vols.;  Capt.  4th  Art.  i  i.oo 

Howland,  G.  W.,  Captain  3d  Cavalry  .  »  .  8.00 

Hubbard,  V.  B.,  Assistant  Surgeon         .  .  .  10.00 

Hubbs,  W.  H.,  Lieutenant  I3th  Infantry  -i  .  10.00 

Hudson,  E.  McK.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry  .  .  10.00 

Hunt,  J.  C.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry    .  .  .  .  10.00 

Hunt,  J.  S.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery     *  .  .  10.00 

Huntington,  H.  A.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery  .  10.00 

Ilges,  G.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry             .-  .  .«  8.00 

Ingalls,  R.,  Brigadier-General        .          ;.  '  .  .  18.00 

Ingham,  G.  T.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry  .  (  .-',  20.00 

Ireland,  D.,  Captain  I5th  Infantry       ~±_:  .  -v'  13.00 

Irish,  D.  C.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry       .  *  •«  -  -.^  8.00 

Irvine,  J.  B.,  Lieutenant  I3th  Infantry  -.*T  -.  ^  10.00 

Irwin,  B.  J.  D.,  Surgeon     .          .          .  "  *  i  10.00 


206  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Jackson,  J.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry      .          .  .      $10.00 

Jackson,  R.  H.,  Captain  i st  Artillery     .          .  .  n.oo 

James,  F.  J.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry        .          .  .  20.00 

Jane  way,  J.  H.,  Assistant  Surgeon           .          .  .  7.00 

Johnson,  J.  B.    .          .          .          .          .          .  .  10.00 

Johnson,  G.  W.,  Lieutenant  igth  Infantry      .  .  7.00 

Johnson,  R.  W.,  Brigadier-General         .          .  .  18.00 
Jones,  DeL.  Floyd,  Lieutenant-Colonel  I9th  Infantry      11.00 

Kane,  J.  H.,  First  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery     .  .  10.00 

Kurtz,  J.  D.,  Major  of  Engineers  ....  10.00 

Kellogg,  E.  R.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry         .  .  7.00 

Kellogg,  J.,  Captain  and  A.  C.  S.           .          .  .  10.00 

Kelton,  J.  C.,  Major  and  A.  A.  G.        .          .  .  20.00 

Kendrick,  H.  L.,  Professor  U.  S.  M.  A.        ..  .  20.00 

Kennington,  J.,  Lieutenant  1 1  th  Infantry          .  .  7.00 

Kensel,  G.  A.,  Capt.  5th  Art.;  Lt.-Col.  of  Vols.  n.oo 

Kent,  J.  Ford,  Capt.  3d  Inf.;  Lt.-Col.  A.  I.  G.  .  n.oo 

Keteltas,  H.,  Captain  I5th  Infantry       .          .  .{.  8.00 

Keyes,  E.  D.,  Major-General ;  Colonel  nth  Infantry  27.00 

Keyes,  H.  W.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry    .          .  «,    '     10.00 

Kilburn,  C.  L.,  Lieutenant- Colonel  and  Com.  Sub.  n.oo 

King,  C.  L.,  Captain  loth  Infantry        .          .  .10.00 

King,  W.  R.,  Lieutenant  of  Engineers    .          ;  -.  .  7.00 

Kingsbury,  C.  P.,  Major  Ordnance  Department  .  10.00 

Kinzie,  D.  H.,  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery      ,.,^  .,•>  7.00 

Kirtland,  F.  S.,  Lieutenant  i8th  Infantry       ^  j  *,,.,      7.00 

Knowlton,  M.,  Captain,  retired    .,         .         :r,v.  .  8.00 

Kress,  J.  A.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  .  7.00 

Lacy,  F.  E.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry       .   ;  .  l..;  .  7.00 

Lay,  R.  G.,  Captain  3d  Infantry           f».         .  .  8.00 

Laidley,  T.  T.  S.,  Major  Ordnance  Department  .  10.00 

Lancaster,  G.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry          .  .  7.00 

Lane,  W.  B.,  Captain   3d  Cavalry           .      ;-.    <  .  10.00 


AT  WEST    POINT  207 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Langdon,  L.  L.,  Captain  1st  Artillery    .          .          .  $8.00 

Lauman,  G.  S.,  Captain  loth  Infantry          -  ..-}       .  10.00 

Larned,  C.  T.,  Paymaster    .           .          .       J  . '  •'•  v'V.  ^:-  10.00 

Latimer,  A.  E.,  Captain  nth  Infantry  .       ^:/.,.     .2J~/:  20.00 

Leahy,  M.,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery        .          .       '  .,.'  7.00 

LeConte,  J.  L.,  Surgeon      ....      :    j  25.00 

Leib,  E.  H.,  Captain  5th  Cavalry           .      r  :.  .     .  V  10.00 

Leonard,  H.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Pay  Department  .  n.oo 

Lind,  J.  S.,  Lieutenant  i8th  Infantry     .          .       ..;*  .  7.00 

Lindsly,  W.,  Assistant  Surgeon     .           .          .      ••  <&  «;  7.00 

Livingston,  L.  L.,  Captain  3d  Artillery        Nl^v'  >  <v  .  8.00 

Long,  E.,  Col.  4th  Ohio  Cavalry  ;  Capt.  4th  Cavalry  15.00 

Long,  J.  W.,  Captain  zd  Infantry          .      , .-.  .'      *;>:  8.00 

Lorentz,  Antoine,  Sword-Master  U.  S.  M.  A.        ,»-J  10.00 

Lowell,  C.  R.,  Col.  zd  Mass.  Cav.;  Capt.  6th  Cav.  13.00 

Lattimore,  W.  O.,  Lieutenant  igth  Infantry  .      [  ^f"',  10.00 

Lyman,  G.  H.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Medical  Dept.  n.oo 

Lynn,  D.  D.,  Captain  6th  Infantry      '*  -       „          .  8.00 

Lyster,  W.  J.,  Lieutenant  ipth  Infantry      '    *        -.  10.00 

Mack,  O.  A.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry     ;  •     ,*1  .«  •    i/  '  10.25 

Macomb,  J.  N.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Engineers     .  20.00 

Maley,  T.  E.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry             *'        .  10.00 

Marcy,  R.  B.,  Colonel,  Inspector  General   -  ,;         .  13.00 

Marshall,  L.  H.,  Major  i6th  Infantry,  Col.  of  Vols.  13.00 

Marye,  W.  A.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department     .  10.00 

Mason,  E.  C.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry    .          .        '  .    <  13.00 

Mason,  J.  W.,  Captain  5th  Cavalry      •.          .          .«_  .  10.00 

May,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry    .  '  >  •  ^-'       i     •  10.00 

Maynadier,  H.  E.,  Captain  I5th  Infantry       v       ,..*:  .  10.00 

Maynadier,  W.,  Colonel  Ordnance  Department       .  15.00 

McCall,  C.  A.,  Assistant  Surgeon       .  >.*    -      *  .      .i*  .  7.00 

McClellan,  E.,  Assistant  Surgeon            .       :>:»J'    !  *\^  7.00 

McClintock,  J.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry         ;    *          .;  .  8.00 


208  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

McCook,  A.  McD.,  Major-General       .          .          .  $50.00 

McCormick,  C.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  A.         .          .          .  10.00 

McCrea,  Tully,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery          .          .  7.00 

McDowell,  I.,  Major-General       ....  27.00 

McFeely,  R.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Com.  Dept.          .  n.oo 

McGee,  Lieutenant  1 3th  Infantry           .       <  ,.      _•:..  8.00 

McGilvray,  J.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery           .       >;  .,      7.00 

McGinniss,  J.  R.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  10.00 

McKee,  S.,  Captain  ist  Cavalry  .          .      <?,*  •      ...  .    10.00 

McKee,  S.  A.,  Captain  zd  Infantry       *       •-»  .       *  8.00 

McKeever,  C.,  Major,  A.  A.  G.           .       . .'»          .  10.00 

McKibbin,  C.,  Lieutenant  1 4th  Infantry     ....         ,.;  7.00 

McKibbin,  D.  B.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry   .          «,  10.00 

McKibbin,  R.  P.,  Captain  4th  Infantry         -,*       ••  .  7.00 

McKibbin,  Sutler  1 2th  Infantry  (citizen)      ' -.  ,.      .  10.00 

McKnight,  J.,  Captain  5th  Artillery       .        .  ?         .  25.00 

McLaren,  A.  N.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  A.       .      ,  ! •.    .     ..  10.00 

McLaughlin,  N.  B.,  Captain  4th  Cavalry        .          .,'  10.00 

McLoughlin,  G.  H.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry             »  7.00 

McMullin,  G.  O.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry       .          .  '>      7.00 

McNally,  C.  H.,  Captain  3d  Cavalry    .          ...  8.00 

McNutt,  J.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department    .          .  10.00 

Meade,  G.  G.,  Major-General     ....  30.00 

Meigs,  J.  R.,  Lieutenant  of  Engineers    .          .          ..  10.00 

Meigs,  M.   C.,  Brigadier-General,   Q.    M.   General  20.00 

Meinhold,  C.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry    .          .      /  -,  =  7.00 

Meline,  J.  F.,  Colonel  of  Volunteers,  A.  D.  C.       .  10.00 

Mendenhall,  J.,  Captain  4th  Artillery    .         ••..  .  r     ..  10.00 

Merrill,  L.,  Colonel  of  Volunteers,  Captain  2d  Cav.  13.00 

Merrill,  W.  E.,  Captain  of  Engineers    .          ,   .'    .*  10.00 

Michie,  P.  S.,  Lieutenant  of  Engineers            .    ;      .'  .      7.00 

Miles,  Evan,  Lieutenant  1 2th  Infantry   .          „          .  10.00 

Milhau,  J.  J.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  A.    .         V        . . .;   >•.-.  15.00 


AT  WEST    POINT  209 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Miller,].  F.,  Captain  1 4th  Infantry       .          .          .  $8.00 

Miller,  M.  S.,  Major  and  Quartermaster          .  .    .  10.00 

Mills,  M.,  Surgeon £  % ,.  -  10.00 

Mills,  W.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry      .      •'•.  .  „'•  ..*  7.00 

Mills,  W.  H.,  First  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry           .  10.00 

Monahan,  D.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry     .      \  ..          .  10.00 

Montgomery,  D.  L.,  Captain  iyth  Infantry    .          .  10.00 

Moody,  G.  C.,  Captain  I9th  Infantry   .       ,,*-:  ,    .  10.00 

Mooney,  J.,  Captain  1 9th  Infantry         .          .  &..\.  10.00 

Mordecai,  A.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department  .  ->.   f  10.00 

Morehead,  W.  J.,  Captain  iyth  Infantry         -.         y  ;  10.00 

Morgan,  C.  A.,  Colonel  of  Vols.,   4th  Artillery      .  13.00 

Morgan,  H.  C.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry       .  .-,.. >:  10.00 

Morgan,  M.  R.,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Com.  Sub.      .  n.oo 

Morris,  L.  O.,  Captain  1st  Artillery      .          .          .  10.00 

Morris,  R.  L.,  Captain  i8th  Infantry  .       .  .,          .  10.00 

Morris,  L.  T.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry         .          .  10.00 

Morrison,  P.,  Colonel,  retired      .          »          *         .  13.00 

Mulhenberg,  F.  P.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry       .          .  10.00 

Mulligan,  J.  B.,  Captain  I9th  Infantry         ...%.         .  10.00 

Myers,  E.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry        ,J.       ..          .  10.00 

Myers,  F.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Quartermaster    .  13.00 

Myers,}.,    Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department            .  8.00 

Myers,  Wm.,  Quartermaster      >   .          .           .          .  13.00 

Myrick,  J.  R.,  Lieutenant  3d  Artillery             .          .  10.00 

Nash,  B.  F.,  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery    .          .          .  7.00 

Nealy,  O.  H.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry        . ..,,       .  7.00 

Neill,  T.  H.,  Brigadier-General   .      >r*\        .•  H.    '  18.00 

Noble,  H.  B.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry  .         •.-.          .  ,  10.00 

Noggle,  C.  L.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry  .          «.         .    •  7.00 

Norris,  B.,  Surgeon     .          .          .        •*;     :   .         ^,.  10.00 

Norton,  A.  S.,  Major  and  A.  D.  C.  Volunteers        .  18.00 

Norton,  G.  D.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry            ^  :.   .  8.00 


zio  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Noyes,  H.  E.,  First  Lieutenant  zd  Cavalry     .  .  $10.00 

Oakes,  J.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  4th  Cavalry      .  .  20.00 

O'Beirne,  R.  F.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry           .  .  10.00 

Ogden,  F.  C.,  Lieutenant  1st  Cavalry    .          .  .  10.00 

Ogden,  R.  L.,  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.             .  .  8.00 

Ostrander,  J.  S.,  Lieutenant  i8th  Infantry       .  .  7.00 

Otis,  E.,  Captain  4th  Cavalry       .          .          .  .  8.00 

Palmer,  Innis  N.,  Brigadier-General       .          .  .  18.00 

Parke,  J.  B.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry    .          .  .  7.00 

Parke,  J.  G.,  Major-General         ....  50.00 

Parker,  D.,  Captain  3d  Infantry    .          .•         .  .  10.00 

Parker,  R.  C.,  Lieutenant  I2th  Infantry          .  .  10.00 

Parry,  E.  R.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry  .          .  .  10.00 

Patterson,  H.  W.,  Lieutenant  4th  Infantry       .  .  7.00 

Patterson,].  H.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry       .  .  7.00 

Patterson,  W.  W.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry   .  .  10.00 

Paul,  G.  R.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  8th  Infantry  .  11.00 

Pease,  W.  B.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry      .          .  .  8.00 

Pease,  W.  R.,  Captain  7th  Infantry       .          .  .  8.00 

Pennington,  A.  C.  M.,  Lieutenant  2d  Artillery  .  7.00 

Penrose,  W.  H.,  Colonel  of  Vols. ;  Capt.  3d  Inf.  .  15.00 

Perkins,  D.  D.,  Captain  4th  Artillery    .          ;  .  10.00 

Perry,  D.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry           .         V  .  10.00 

Pettee,  L.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry      .          .  .  10.00 

Phelps,  E.,  Lieutenant  191)1  Infantry      . .        .  .  7.00 

Phelps,  J.  E.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry     .         v  .  15.00 

Phipps,  F.  H.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  .  7.00 

Phisterer,  F.,  Lieutanant  i8th  Infantry             .  .  7.00 

Pike,  H.  L.,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery     .          .  .  7.00 

Pineo,  P.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Medical  Department.  n.oo 

Pleasonton,  A.,  Major-General     *  ••  •    :„    i      .  .  27.00 

Pomeroy,  C.  C.,  Captain  nth  Infantry           .  .  8.00 

Pope,  J.,  Major-General      .         ».         .          .  .  50.00 


AT  WEST    POINT  211 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Porter,  A.  P.,  Lieut. -Colonel.;   Capt.  Sub.  Dept.  .      $50.00 

Porter,  G.  L.,  Assistant  Surgeon  .          .         v  *    -    10.00 

Porter,  H.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department      .  .  16.00 

Porter,  R.  H.,  Lieutenent  I4th  Infantry          .  .  7.00 

Potter,  J.  A.,  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.    .          .  .  8.00 

Potter,].  H.,  Major  yth  Infantry           .        « .  .  13.00 

Pratt,  H.  C.,  Major  and  Paymaster  U.  S.  A.  .  10.00 

Prescott,  W.  H.,  Captain  i6th  Infantry           .  .  20.00 

Prime,  N.,  Captain  lyth  Infantry          •*      -  ,  ;  .  10.00 

Prince,  F.  E.,  Captain  loth  Infantry     .        ..  .  10.00 

Procter,  J.  L.,  Captain  i8th  Infantry     .          .  .  8.00 

Purcell,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  ist  Infantry  .          .  .  7.00 

Putnam,  H.  R.,  Captain  I2th  Infantry  .          .  .  10.00 

Putnam,].  E.,  Lieutenant  izth  Infantry          .  .  10.00 

Pyne,  C.  M.,  Lieutenant  6th  Infantry   .          .  .  12.00 

Ramsey,  W.  R.,  Assistant  Surgeon         .          .  .  7.00 

Randall,  B.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  A.      /        .          .  .  10.00 

Randol,  A.  M.,  Captain  ist  Artillery     .          .  .  10.00 

Randolph,  J.  T.,  Surgeon    .....  10.00 

Rankin,  W.  G.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry            .  .  10.00 

Ransom,  H.  C.,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Q.  M.  .  13.00 

Rathbone,  H.  R.,  Captain  I2th  Infantry         .  .  10.00 

Raynolds,  W.  F.,  Major  Engineers         .          .  .  13.00 

Reid,  J.  R.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry    .          .  .  7.00 

Reese,  C.  B.,  Captain  Engineers             .          .  .  8.00 

Reese,  H.  B.,  Paymaster      .          .          .          .  10.00 

Reeve,  I.  V.  D.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  I3th  Infantry  n.oo 

Remington,  P.  H.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry     .  .  7.00 

Reno,  M.  A.,  Captain  ist  Cavalry          .          .  .  10.00 

Reynolds,    C.  A.,  Captainand  A.  Q.  M.        .  .  n.oo 

Reynolds,  J.  ].,  Major-General     .          ,          .  ,'..    30.00 

Ricketts,  ].  B.,  Brigadier-General        M .-      .  v"  .-     25.00 

Rittenhouse,  B.  F.,  First  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery  .  10.00 


212  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Ritter,  J.  F.,  Col.  1st  Miss.  Cav.;  Capt.  1 5th  Inf.        $13.00 

Robbins,  K.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry     ,          .  .  10.00 

Robert,  H.  M.,  Captain  of  Engineers    .          .  .  8.00 

Roberts,  B.  S.,  Brigadier-General            .          .  .  18.00 

Roberts,  J.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  4th  Artillery  .  13.00 

Robertson,  C.  S.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry     .  .  10.00 

Robins,  R.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry     .          .  .  10.00 

Robinson,  D.,  Lieutenant  yth  Infantry             .  .  7.00 

Robinson,  S.  S.,  Captain  loth  Infantry            .  .  8.00 

Rockwell,  C.  F.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  10.00 

Rodney,  G.  B.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery          .  .  10.00 

Rollins,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  Ordnance  Department  .  10.00 

Rosecrans,  W.  S.,  Major-General           .          ...  .  27.00 

Rossell,  W.  H.,  Captain  loth  Infantry            .  .  8.00 

Rowley,  G.  A.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry           .  .  7.00 

Roy,  J.  P.,  Captain  2d  Infantry    .          .          .  .  10.00 

Royall,  W.  B.,  Captain  5th  Cavalry      .          .  .  10.00 

Rucker,  D.  H.,  Brigadier-General,  Q.  M.  D.  .  20.00 

Ruggles,  G.  D.,  Major  and  A.  A.  G.    .          .  .  13.00 

Russell,  C.  S.,  Captain  nth  Infantry     .          ...  .  10.00 

Russell,  D.  A.,  Brig. -Gen.,  Major  8th  Infantry  .  18.00 
Russell,  G.,  Lieutenant  3d  Artillery       .          ...    20.00 

Sachs,  W.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry          *          .       •  .  10.00 

Sacket,  D.  B.,  Colonel  and  Inspector-General  .  13.00 

Sanders,  W.  W.,  Captain  6th  Infantry             .  .  8.00 

Sanger,  J.  P.,  Lieutenant  1st  Artillery    .          .  .  7.00 
Sutorius,  Alex.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry             .         £»,J      7.00 

Saxton,  R.,  Brigadier-General        .          ...  .  18.00 

Scammon,  C.  T.,  9th  111.  Vol.  Cav.,  A.  D.  C.  .  10.00 

Schenck,  P.  V.,  Assistant  Surgeon          .          •    ,  .  7.00 

Schiffler,  J.  K.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry         ..  .  7.00 

Schuyler,  P.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry       ,  ,       .  .  10.00 

Schwan,  T.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry             .  .  10.00 


O'JtfT 


AT  WEST   POINT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Sedgwick,  J.,  Major-General          ....  $27.00 

Sellers,  E.  E.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry           .          .  10.00 

Seymour,  T.,  Brig. -Gen.  ;  Capt.  5th  Artillery         „  18.00 

Sheridan,  P.  H.,  Major-General   .          .       ,  W  .       •  27.00 
Shipley,  A.  N.,  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.          .         •*     .  20.00 

Sidell,  W.  H.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  I5th  Infantry     .  12.00 

Silliman,  H.  R.,  Assistant  Surgeon         .  •   ,.;%j          .  10.00 

Silvey,  W.,  Captain  1st  Artillery             .         y      ;    , .,',.  8.00 

Simonson,  J.  S.,  Colonel      .           .          .          .„        . ,.,  13.00 

Simpson,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Engineers     .  n.oo 

Sinclair,  J.  B.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry       .;g.    \  j  ^;  7.00 

Sinclair,   Wm.,  Lieut. -Col.   of  Vols.  ;    Lt.  3d  Art.  n.oo 

Sitgreaves,  L., Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Engineers          .  15.00 

Slidell,  W.  J.,  Captain  i6th  Infantry     .        ;  .          ^  ^  8.00 

Slocum,  H.  W.,  Major-General    .          .      >u;.          .  27.00 
Slonge,  J.  L.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry        f\  .          ,    ,10.00 

Small,  M.  P.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sub.  Dept.        ,    .:,**  11.00 

Smalley,  H.  A.,  Captain  2d  Artillery     .        ..  "]      «,(  8.00 

Smedberg,  W.  R.,  Captain  I4th  Infantry        .          Vs  10.00 

Smith,  A.  K.,  Assistant  Surgeon    .                f  .  .j       ...  10.00 

Smith,  A.  T.,  Captain  8th  Infantry       ^)       .          .  10.00 
Smith,  E.  W.,  Captain  I5th  Infantry     .          .          .11.00 

Smith,  F.  G.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery             .          .  10.00 

Smith,  G.  A.,  Bvt.  Lieutenant-Colonel            .          .  10.00 

Smith,  G.  W.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry          .          ,  7.00 

Smith,  H.  E.,  Captain  I2th  Infantry     .          ,          .  10.00 

Smith,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  2d  Artillery    .          -v,         .  7.00 

Smith,  L.,  Lieutenant  5th  Artillery        ......       i      -. .  .*  7.00 

Snyder,  C.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry       .       ^  ti.    ;;  .  10.00 

Snyder,  J.  A.,  Lieutenant  3d  Infantry    .      .    .          .  10.00 

Sokalski,  G.  O.,  Lieutenant  zd  Cavalry           .          .  7.00 

Sommer,  H.,  Lieutenant  zd  Infantry      .          .          .  7.00 

Stacey,  M.  H.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry         .          .  10.00 

I4A 


2i4  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Stanley,  Wm.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry  .  .      $10.00 

Steele,  F.,  Major-General              ....  27.00 

Stephenson,  J.  M.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery    .          .  10.00 

Sternberg,  G.  W.,  Assistant  Surgeon      .          .          .  7.00 

Stevens,  H.,  Medical  Department            .          .          .  8.00 

Stewart,  C.  S.,  Major  of  Engineers         .          .          .  12.00 

Stonge,  S.  E.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry           .          .  7.00 

Strickland,  L.  S.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry      .           .  7.00 

Stimpson,  F.  E.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry      .          .  7.00 

Strode,  E.  C.,  Assistant  Surgeon   .          .          .          .  7.00 

Strong,  G.  O.,  Brig-Gen,  (by  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler)    .  27.00 

Sully,  A.,  Brigadier-General           .          .          .          .  18.00 

Summers,  J.  E.,  Surgeon      .....  n.oo 

Sumner,  E.  V.,  Captain  1st  Cavalry       .       •»  t  •       .  10.00 

Sumner,  S.  S.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry  .         >/*'    -\'  •  10.00 

Suydam,  C.  C.,  Assistant  Adjutant-General     .          .  10.00 

Swan,  W.  W.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry          .          .  10.00 

Swartwout,  H.  A.,  Lieutenant  I7th  Infantry   .          .    .  10.00 

Sweet,  W.,  Captain  I7th  Infantry        ".         -H       '   »-*'  8.00 

Sweitzer,  N.  B.,  Captain  ist  Cavalry     .          .       •*  .  30.00 

Swift,  E.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Army    .          .          .          .  10.00 

Swords,  T.,  Colonel  Q.  M.  D.    .          .        "...  .- *'..,•<  ,3.Oo 

Sykes,  G.,  Major-General    ......  40.00 

Symington,  J.,  Colonel  Ordnance  Department           .  13.00 

Taggart,  D.,  Major  and  Paymaster          .       Wtv      .  10.00 

Taliaferro,  L.,  Military  Store  Keeper     .          .          .  8.00 

Tardy,  J.  A.,  Captain  of  Engineers         .          .          .  10.00 

Tayler,  A.  B.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry   .          .  '       .-  10.00 

Taylor,  J.  McL.,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Com.  Sub.    .  n.oo 

Theaker,  H.  A.,  Lieutenant  i6th  Infantry      .    .  -   .. -.  7.00 

Thieman,  A.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry           *          .  10.00 

Thorn,  G.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Engineers   .          .  13.00 


AT  WEST    POINT  215 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Thomas,  E.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery     .          .          .      $10.00 

Thomas,  G.  H.,  Major-General  ....  30.00 

Thomas,  L.,  Jr.,  Captain  ist  Artillery             .       •  V  20.00 

Thomas,  P.  K.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry             .       I   .  :  7.00 

Thompson,  J.  A.,  Captain  4th  Cavalry            .      ';  «  8.00 

Thorpe,  W.  C.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry            .          .  10.00 

Tidball,  J.  C.,  Captain  2d  Artillery      .          .          .  10.00 

Tidball,  J.  L.,  Captain  U.  S.  A.            .          .       ••  ;    '  8.00 

Tilfbrd,  J.  G.,  Captain  3d  Cavalry         .        \  .><      ;  .  8.00 

Tillson,  J.,  Captain  I9th  Infantry          .      *   •*  ''*  *Vl  ,'••  10.00 

Tilton,  H.  R.,  Assistant  Surgeon            .          .  :   -J  .  7.00 

Tompkins,  C.  H.,  Captain  and  A.  Q^  M.  "';      :'  *>-.  8.00 

Tompkins,  D.  D.,  Colonel  and  Q.  M.            .      ->:/..-  13.00 

Tonne,  W.  R.,  Lieutenant  I9th  Infantry      '  •          .  10.00 

Torbert,  A.  T.  A.,  Brig.-Gen.  Vols.  U.  S.  A.       .  20.00 

Totten,  J.  G.,  Brigadier-General  Engineers     .           .  20.00 

Totten,  J.,  Brigadier-General;  Major).  G.  Dept.  .  18.00 

Townsend,  F.,  Major  i8th  Infantry       .      V'.;i       :  .  10.00 

Trowbridge,  C.  F.,  Captain  i6th  Infantry  •  .  -        .  8.00 

Turner,  J.  W.,  Brigadier-General;  Captain,  Com.  Sub.  20.00 

Upham,  J.  J.,  Captain  6th  Infantry       ",:-      •'•.  .        •  20.00 

Upton,  E.,  Colonel    .          *         .         -.      1.^1       .  13.00 

Urban,  G.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry         .          .          •  10.00 

Urmston,  J.  D.,  Lieutenant  I  2th  Infantry     /  ,.  •        .  8.00 

Vance,  D.  M.,  Lieutenant  nth  Infantry      .    ..'      »  10.00 

Van  der  Slice,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry         i,  7.00 

Van  Home,  J.  J.,  Captain  8th  Infantry           -.   .       .  20.00 

Van  Renselaer,  C.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry       .,v      *  8.00 

Vernon,  G.  R.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry        .      -    •  7.00 

Vogdes,  I.,  Brigadier-General        .          .         .;      .^.  '  18.00 

Wagoner,  J.  J.,  Lieutenant  1 9th  Infantry         *      -:•  10.00 

Wagner,  H.,  Lieutenant  iith  Infantry             .          .  7.00 


2i6  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Wagner,  J.  P.,  Lieutenant  loth  Infantry          .  .  $10.00 

Walker,  J.  H.,  Lieutenant  I4th  Infantry          .  .  7.00 

Walker,  T.  W.,  Captain  U.  S.  A.         .          .  .  10.00 

Wall,  R.,  Lieutenant  3d  Cavalry             .           .  .  10.00 

Ward,  R.  B.,  Captain  nth  Pa.  Vol.  Cav.      .  .  10.00 

Ward,  R.  J.,  Lieutenant  ist  Cavalry      .          .  .  10.00 

Warner,  C.  N.,  First  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery  .  7.00 

Warner,  L.  H.,  Lieutenant  7th  Infantry          .  .  10.00 

Warner,  J.  M.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry           .  .  7.00 

Warren,  G.  K.,  Major-General     ....  30.00 

Weaver,  H.  E.,  Lieutenant  8th  Infantry          .  .  10.00 

Webb,  A.  S.,  Brigadier-General    ....  20.00 

Webster,  W.,  Surgeon          .....  7.00 

Weeks,  G.  H.,  Captain  and  Quartermaster     .  .  12.00 

Wessells,  H.  W.,  Brigadier-General       .      fc  «V  .  20.00 

West,  W.,  Lieutenant  2d  Infantry          .       •  \  .  7.00 

Wharton,  H.  C.,  Lieutenant  of  Engineers       .  .  10.00 

Wheaton,  F.,  Brigadier-General ;  Capt.  4th  Cavalry  20.00 

Wheeler,  J.  B.,  Captain  of  Engineers     .       !  *'.>  .  8.00 

Whipple,  W.  D.,  Brigadier-General     ?'*•••  ,!"!.  -  .  18.00 

White,  C.  B.,  Assistant  Surgeon          }   i  -   ;    .  .  7.00 

Whitely,  R.  H.  K.,  Lieutenant-Col.  Ord.  Dept.  .  11.00 

Whitney,  S.,  Lieutenant  4th  Artillery    .          .  .  10.00 

Whittemore,  J.  M.,  Captain  Ordnance  Department  8.00 

Wikoff,  C.  A.,  Lieutenant  I  5th  Infantry         •  .  7.00 

Wilkin,  A.,  Captain  1 7th  Infantry  ;  Col.  Vols.  .  13.00 

Wilcox,  J.  A.,  Lieutenant  4th  Cavalry  .          ,    .  .  7.00 

Williamson,  R.  S.,  Major  of  Engineers  .       '  v,-f  .  10.00 

Williams,  G.,  Lieutenant  4th  Infantry  .    "   •'  .,>  .  7.00 

Williams,  G.  A.,  Captain  ist  Infantry   .          .  >.  10.00 

Williams,  J.,  Lieutenant  i  5th  Infantry   .          .  .  7.00 

Williams,  S.,  Brigadier-General     .          .          .  .  18.00 


AT  WEST    POINT  217 

Name  and  Rank.  Amount. 

Williams,  T.  C.,  Captain  I9th  Infantry  •  *  ^  $8.00 

Wilson,}.  E.,  Lieutenant  ist  Artillery  .  .  7.00 

Wilson,  R.,  Lieutenant  5th  Cavalry       .  .       :'  .  10.00 

Wilson,  R.  P.,  Lieutenant  lyth  Infantry  .  .  7.00 

Winthrop,  F.,  Captain         .          .          .  .  «'      10.00 

Wister,  F.,  Captain  i  2 th  Infantry  • '   ,  .  •     10.00 

Wolverton,  W.  D.,  Assistant  Surgeon    .  .  .  7.00 

Wood,  T.  J.,  Brigadier-General ;  Colonel  zd  Cavalry  20.00 

Wood,  W.  H.,  Major  i7th  Infantry     >  \  '  .  10.00 

Woodhull,  A.  A.,  Assistant  Surgeon       .  .  .  7.00 

Woodruff,  C.  A.,  Lieutenant  zd  Artillery  .  .  7.00 

Woodruff,  D.,  Major  I2th  Infantry        .  .  .  10.00 

Woodruff,  I.  C.,  Major  of  Engineers     .  .  .  10.00 

Woodward,  S.  E.,  Lieutenant  I5th  Infantry   .  .  7.00 

Wright,  H.  G.,  Brigadier-General          .  .  .  18.00 

Wright,  J.  P.,  Assistant  Surgeon    .  .  .  7.00 

Yates,  T.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry            .  .  .  10.00 

Yorke,  L.  E.,  Captain  I3th  Infantry     .  .  .  10.00 


ENLISTED    MEN. 

Cavalry. 

Organization.  Amount. 

5  enlisted  men  Capt.  Drummond's  recruiting  party, 

$1.00  each  .          .          .          .          .          .        $5.00 

80  enlisted  men  Cavalry  Detachment,  West  Point.      113.00 


2i 8  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

Artillery. 

Organization.  Amount. 

7  N.  C.  O.  and  Enlisted  men  Batty.  L,  4th  Arty.        $7.00 

Enlisted  men  5th  Artillery  ;  by  Lt.  Hickox     .  .          6.00 

"         "     Battery  B,  ist  Artillery     .          .  .        67.00 

48  enlisted  men  Co.  K,  zd  Artillery       .          .  .        48.00 

33  Enlisted  men  Battery  D,  ist  Artillery         .  .        33.00 

40       "           "         "      M,  zd          "             .  52.00 

Band,  1st  Artillery      .          .          .          .          .  .        21.00 


Infantry. 

7  Enlisted  men  Washington  rec.  rndvz.,  $1.00  each  7.00 

2  Corporals  Lt.  Grossman's  rec.  party,  $1.00  each  2.00 

Lt.  Wuniston's  rec.  party  (two  men),  £1.00  each  .  2.00 

Enlisted  men  Co.  D,  ist  Batt.  nth  Infantry            .  80.00 

"          "    Co.  G,            "             "           ...  34.00 

"          "    Co.  B,             "              "           .         .  21.00 

"          "    Co.  C,            "              "           .         .  15.00 

"          "    Co.  E,             "             «  18.50 

"          "    Co.  F,             "             "  17.00 

ii  Enlisted  men  loth  Infantry  ;   by  Capt.  Sellers     .  25.00 

56        "          "      1 4th  Infantry      .  57 .00 

52        "          "      1 7th  Infantry      .          .          .          .  52.00 

2d  Infantry  Band         .          .          .          .          .          .13 .00 

Enlisted  men  2d  Infantry      .....  24.50 

Enlisted  men  1 2th  Infantry  Band             .          .          .  1 1 .00 

1 1 2  Enlisted  men  1 2th  Infantry     .          .          .          .  130.25 

Sergt.  Minneman,  Sergt.  Kennedy,  Pvt.  McNamara, 

8th  Infantry         ...          .          .          »          ^  8.00 

2  Enlisted  men  I2th  Infantry;  by  Captain  Wiston  3.00 

15        "         "       7th  Infantry,  Co.  F    .          .          .  18.00 


AT  WEST    POINT  219 

Volunteers. 

Organization.  Amount. 

Pvt.   L.  S.  Phillips,  ist  Ohio  V,  A.,  for  his  friend 

Lt.  Frank  Work,  4th  U.  S.  Cavalry         .          .        $7.00 
Enlisted  men  Hd.  Qrs.  ist  Brig,  zd  Div.  5th  Army 

Corps          .......        21.00 


Staff. 

Regulars,  Watertown,  Mass.          .  .....        13.00 

Bradford,  G.,  Ord.  Sergt 5.00 


A  DESCRIPTION 

OF  THE 

QUARRYING,  WORKING,  TRANSPOR- 
TATION  AND   ERECTION 

OF  THE 

SHAFT  OF  THE 

BATTLE  MONUMENT 

AT  WEST  POINT 

EDITED  BY 

EDWARD   F.   MINER 


QUARRYING   AND   WORKING. 


CHE  quarry  from  which  the  shaft  of  the  monument  was 
taken  is  located  at  Stony  Creek,  in  the  town  of  Bran- 
ford,  Connecticut.      The  quarry  has  been  opened  up 
and  extensively  operated  for  only  about  ten  or  twelve 
years,  so  that  there  is  little  of  historical  interest  gathered  about 
it,    although   several   buildings  of  a   monumental   character   in 
the  central  and  eastern  sections  of  the  country  have  been  built 
of  granite  taken  from  it. 

The  chief  characteristic  of  the  quarry  is  the  ability  to  pro- 
duce large  stones  ;  the  out-croppings  on  the  hill  above  the  por- 
tion opened  up  show  ledges  of  very  great  length,  without  seams. 
For  a  building  in  Boston  there  was  furnished  a  platform  twenty- 
two  feet  ten  inches  long,  seven  feet  wide  and  one  foot  seven 
inches  thick.  Another  instance  of  the  ability  to  produce  large 
stones  was  given  when  at  a  single  blast  a  block  twenty  feet 
square  and  fifty  feet  long,  without  crack  or  seam,  was  dislodged 
from  the  ledge.  This  block,  if  properly  cut  up,  would  have 
furnished  stone  for  nine  shafts  like  the  one  in  the  Battle 
Monument. 

In  quarrying  the  block  for  the  monument,  a  bench  was 
cleared  in  the  quarry,  having  the  top,  one  side  and  one  end  en- 

223 


224  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

tirely  free,  and  with  the  other  end  freed  from  the  ledge  by  a 
natural  seam.  A  line  was  marked  off  on  the  top  surface  for  a 
second  side,  and  a  set  of  holes  for  a  blast  drilled  along  this  line 
with  a  steam-drill.  To  insure  breakage  from  the  blast  to  be 
in  the  exact  line  required,  lewis-holes  were  drilled  —  /.  e.y  one 
hole  is  drilled  vertically  and  one  obliquely  on  either  side,  all 
drilled  from  the  same  position  of  the  tripod  of  the  steam-drill. 
The  powder  put  into  these  holes  for  the  blast  was  fired  simul- 
taneously with  a  battery,  and  cleared  the  block  from  the  ledge, 
opening  up  a  seam  from  the  top  surface  to  the  natural  seam  be- 
low. The  result  was  a  block  more  than  twice  the  size  re- 
quired for  the  shaft.  A  large  slab  was  removed  from  the  top 
of  the  block  with  wedges,  and  then,  by  the  same  process  of 
wedging,  a  rectangular  block  of  the  necessary  size  to  make  the 
shaft  was  split  off.  After  the  block  of  stone  was  entirely  free  it 
was  tipped  from  the  ledge,  carefully  inspected  and  rolled  from 
the  quarry  to  a  suitable  place  where  it  could  be  cut  and  polished. 

This  whole  process  of  quarrying,  and  the  magnitude  of  the 
undertaking,  are  very  clearly  illustrated  in  the  accompanying  cut 
(I),  which  is  a  copy  of  a  photograph  taken  at  the  quarry  while 
the  men  were  at  work  on  the  block. 

The  working  of  the  shaft  involved  no  new  problems  in  stone- 
cutting  and  polishing  except  such  as  pertained  to  its  excep- 
tional size.  The  usual  method  of  cutting  the  shaft  of  a  column 
involves  the  splitting  off  of  the  corners  of  the  block  with 
wedges,  then  using  the  point  and  the  pene  hammer  and  finish- 
ing the  surface  with  the  bush  or  patent  hammer.  The  first 
process  in  polishing  is  the  grinding  of  the  surface  of  the  granite 
with  chilled  shot,  then  with  different  grades  of  emery  and  fin- 
ishing or  glossing  with  putty  powder.  Chilled  shot  is  the 
trade  name  for  small  globular  particles  of  chilled  cast-iron  ;  it 
being  made  by  blowing  out  a  molten  stream  of  cast-iron  with 
a  steam  jet.  The  first  of  these  processes  is  accomplished  by 
rubbing  the  surface  of  the  granite  to  be  polished  with  a  block 


AT  WEST    POINT  225 

of  cast-iron  under  which  is  placed  the  chilled  shot.  Because 
of  their  size  and  globular  form,  each  individual  shot  presents 
an  almost  infinitesimal  point  of  contact  with  the  stone,  the  re- 
sult being  that  a  slight  pressure  on  an  infinitely  small  area 
breaks  down  the  surface  of  the  stone.  The  process  of  grind- 
ing with  emery  is  exactly  similar,  except  that  different  grades 
of  emery  are  used  and  the  process  requires  a  greater  length  of 
time.  The  grinding  with  emery  leaves  the  stone  with  a  very 
smooth,  even  surface,  but  no  polish.  The  polish  or  gloss  is 
put  on  by  rubbing  with  a  piece  of  felting  covered  with  putty 
powder. 

With  the  above  description  of  cutting  and  polishing  granite, 
the  problems  in  working  the  monument  shaft  come  clearly  to 
view.  Without  question,  for  all  the  processes  of  working,  it 
was  best  to  mount  the  shaft  so  that  it  could  be  revolved,  and 
no  effort  was  spared  in  devising  a  scheme  for  doing  so,  since  it 
was  fairly  expected  that  better  results  could  be  obtained  in  a 
much  shorter  time  than  in  any  other  way. 

Where  it  was  proposed  to  work  the  shaft  a  platform  of  heavy 
timbers  was  laid  down,  and  the  stone  rolled  on  to  the  platform 
and  blocked  up.  The  ends  were  then  squared  up,  and  the 
corners  roughly  knocked  off,  thus  bringing  the  stone  to  a  con- 
dition where  it  was  necessary  to  have  it  revolve. 

The  process  up  to  this  point  is  shown  in  the  accompanying 
cut  (II). 

As  soon  as  the  ends  of  the  stone  were  squared  up,  journals 
were  bolted  to  it  at  the  ends,  and  half-boxes  in  which  the  jour- 
nals were  to  revolve  were  placed  upon  a  crib-work  of  timber. 
These  journals  were  13"  in  diameter,  18"  long,  and  were  cast 
of  refined  iron  on  a  face-plate  two  and  one  quarter  inches  thick 
and  three  feet  eight  inches  in  diameter.  On  the  inner  or  stone 
side  of  the  face-plate  was  cast  a  hub  of  the  same  size  as  the 
journal,  projecting  into  the  stone  six  inches.  Each  face-plate 
was  fastened  to  the  stone  by  fourteen  i^"  stud  bolts,  which 


226  THE   BATTLE   MONUMENT 

were  set  on  a  circle  three  feet  in  diameter.  The  bolts  were 
set  six  inches  into  the  stone,  and  for  this  six  inches  they  were 
cut  with  a  very  coarse  lag  screw-thread  ;  the  part  of  the  shank 
passing  through  the  face-plate  being  plain,  and  the  nut  end 
having  the  standard  V  thread. 

After  a  careful  series  of  experiments  on  the  testing-machine 
in  the  laboratory  of  the  Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute  to  de- 
termine the  best  method  of  fastening  the  stud  bolts  to  the  stone, 
it  was  decided  to  set  them  in  sulphur.  This  material  was 
selected  because  it  developed  the  greatest  strength  of  any  ma- 
terial experimented  with,  was  easily  worked,  and  the  fastenings 
could  be  used  immediately. 

The  method  adopted  for  setting  the  journals  in  position  on 
the  ends  of  the  stone  was  as  follows  :  A  zinc  template  the  size 
of  the  face-plate  was  cut  out,  and  the  position  of  the  bolts  ac- 
curately spaced  off  on  the  proper  pitch-line.  This  template 
was  applied  to  the  end  of  the  stone,  and  the  position  of  the 
bolt-holes  marked  on  the  stone.  With  a  steam-drill,  holes  six 
and  one  quarter  inches  deep  and  two  and  one  quarter  inches  in 
diameter  were  drilled  in  the  end  of  the  stone.  From  the  zinc 
template  a  wooden  template  was  made  thick  enough,  so  that 
when  a  bolt  was  placed  in  one  of  the  holes  it  was  held  firmly 
at  right  angles  to  the  face  of  the  template.  The  wood  template 
was  then  placed  in  the  proper  position  on  the  end  of  the  stone, 
and  the  bolts  one  by  one  put  in  position,  so  that  they  projected 
into  the  holes  drilled  into  the  stone.  Through  a  specially  pre- 
pared channel  in  the  wood  template,*  melted  sulphur  was  run 
into  the  holes  in  the  stone,  surrounding  the  bolts,  and  thus 
fastening  them  firmly  and  accurately  in  place.  The  wood 
template  was  removed,  and  the  iron  face-plate  with  the  journal 
slipped  on  in  its  place,  the  nuts  put  on  the  bolts,  and  the  face- 
plate tightly  screwed  to  position  against  wooden  wedges  placed 
between  it  and  the  stone. 

At  this  point  the  most  difficult  part  of  setting  the  face-plates 


OP  THK 

UNIVERSITY 


AT  WEST    POINT  227 

was  encountered.  The  axis  of  each  of  the  journals  must  coin- 
cide exactly  with  that  of  the  stone  shaft,  or  when  the  shaft  was 
revolved  the  journals  would  bear  at  the  outer  end  for  part  of 
the  revolution,  and  at  the  inner  end  for  the  remainder,  and 
would  not  lie  truly  in  their  bearings.  The  face-plates  were 
set  in  exact  position  by  means  of  measurements  from  a  system 
of  horizontal  wires  stretched  the  whole  length  of  the  shaft  and 
from  plumb-lines  of  wire.  After  the  plate  was  brought  to  an 
exact  position  it  was  firmly  bolted  in  place,  being  held  by  the 
wood  wedges  about  one  quarter  of  an  inch  away  from  the  face 
of  the  stone.  The  space  between  the  stone  and  the  face-plate 
and  around  the  projecting  hub  was  filled  with  melted  sulphur, 
which,  when  cold,  gave  a  true  surface  against  which  the  face- 
plate could  be  bolted  without  unduly  straining  either  bolts  or 
face-plate. 

As  soon  as  the  face-plates  were  bolted  in  position  the  shaft 
was  lowered  so  that  the  journals  rested  in  the  half-boxes  pre- 
pared for  them  on  the  timber  crib-work.  For  the  purpose  of 
cutting,  before  the  machinery  was  set  up,  the  shaft  was  revolved 
by  means  of  a  tackle  block  hitched  to  the  end  of  a  rope  wound 
several  times  around  the  shaft. 

To  get  the  correct  profile  for  the  use  of  the  stone-cutters,  a 
reverse  template  was  made  of  wood,  and  hung  on  hinges  just 
above  the  shaft  in  the  vertical  plane  of  its  axis.  When  in  use, 
the  template  was  dropped  down,  and  measurements  taken  be- 
tween it  and  the  surface  of  the  stone  ;  at  other  times  it  was 
swung  up  to  one  side. 

The  cut  (III)  shows  the  stone  mounted  on  the  journals  and 
the  cutting  partially  completed. 

As  a  precaution  against  breakage,  it  was  thought  desirable,  in 
designing  the  machinery  for  revolving  the  shaft,  to  arrange  it  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  furnish  some  support  for  the  shaft.  To 
accomplish  this,  two  wooden  pulleys  (cut  IV)  eight  feet  in 
diameter  and  one  foot  ten  inches  on  centers  were  placed  at  the 


228  THE    BATTLE  MONUMENT 

center  of  the  length  of  the  shaft,  and  one  third  of  the  weight 
carried  by  means  of  wire-ropes  R  running  from  them  to  the 
driving-gear  above.  This  driving-gear  and  the  part  of  the 
weight  of  the  shaft  borne  by  the  ropes  were  carried  by  three 
trusses  E,  made  of  ten  by  twelve  inch  timber,  which  in  turn 
were  footed  upon  a  trussed  stringer  H  to  distribute  the  load 
over  a  large  area. 

The  main  trusses  E  were  braced  by  plank  G,  and  connected  on 
the  top  by  twelve-inch  caps.  On  these  caps  were  placed  eight 
draw-bar  car  springs  C,  two  over  each  of  the  outer  trusses,  and 
four  over  the  center.  On  these  springs  were  placed  two  six  by 
twelve  inch  timbers,  which  in  turn  carried  three  ten  by  twelve 
timbers  placed  at  right  angles,  these  latter  acting  as  seats  for 
four  pairs  of  long  wedges  K  by  which  the  wire  ropes  between 
the  pulleys  I  and  the  sheaves  B  were  kept  at  the  proper  ten- 
sion. Upon  the  wedges  rested  a  strong  timber  frame  carrying 
three  boxes  in  which  ran  a  six-inch  steel  shaft.  To  this  shaft 
were  keyed  two  sets  of  three  sheaves  B,  from  which  approxi- 
mately one  third  of  the  weight  of  the  shaft  was  hung  by  means 
of  six  seven-eighths  inch  wire  ropes.  The  shaft  also  carried  a 
twelve-foot  wood  pulley  A,  which  was  belted  through  a  coun- 
ter-shaft to  a  fifty  horse-power  engine.  At  its  outer  end  the 
shaft  was  supported  by  a  movable  bearing  balanced  by  a  counter- 
weight D  of  nine  hundred  pounds. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  device  of  supporting  the  six-inch 
steel  shaft  on  springs  gave  the  required  flexibility  which  was 
necessary  to  allow  for  the  unevenness  of  motion  in  such  tem- 
porary work.  By  experiment  the  modulus  of  the  springs  was 
ascertained,  so  that  with  a  simple  device,  indicating  the  com- 
pression, it  was  possible  to  know  very  closely  how  much  of  the 
weight  of  the  stone  shaft  was  carried  by  the  ropes  at  any  time. 

The  ropes  first  used  were  made  with  the  ordinary  long  splice, 
and  great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  the  splice  pulling  out  and 
the  wires  breaking  where  the  strands  were  crossed  in  the  splic- 


AT  WEST    POINT  229 

ing.  This  difficulty  was  overcome  by  using  grommets  —  /.  e., 
rings  of  rope  made  from  single  strands  of  wire.  They  were 
made  in  the  following  manner :  A  piece  of  wire  rope  the  re- 
quired length  and  size  was  cut  off  and  formed  into  a  ring  with 
the  ends  simply  butted  together.  A  single  strand  from  this  rope 
was  removed  and  another  strand  of  the  same  size  from  a  long 
coil  wound  in  its  place,  a  second  strand  was  then  removed,  and 
the  same  strand  as  before  wound  in  its  place.  This  process 
was  continued  until  the  six  strands  of  the  original  ring  of  rope 
had  been  removed  and  the  new  single  continuous  strand  wound 
in  their  place.  The  result  was  a  ring  of  rope  made  from  a 
single  continuous  strand,  with,  of  course,  only  two  ends  to  tuck 
in.  These  ropes  were  forty-two  feet  long,  and  in  wearing  ouf 
stretched  ten  inches,  the  stretch  being  taken  up  with  the  wedges. 

The  first  process  in  polishing,  that  of  grinding  with  chilled 
shot,  was  accomplished  by  placing  on  the  top  of  the  shaft  flat 
pieces  of  cast-iron,  called  planes,  having  the  under  side  curved 
to  fit  the  shaft.  They  were  held  in  place,  when  the  stone  re- 
volved, by  an  attached  piece  of  board  which  rested  against  a 
stringer  plank  placed  at  the  back  of  the  shaft.  While  the  shaft 
was  revolving  the  chilled  shot  mixed  with  lime  and  water  was 
thrown  upon  the  surface,  and,  passing  under  the  planes,  ground 
the  stone  to  an  even  surface.  After  the  surface  was  reduced 
as  much  as  possible  with  the  chilled  shot,  the  same  process  was 
used  with  emery,  the  finest  of  the  emery  leaving  the  surface 
very  smooth  and  even.  After  the  emery  was  washed  off,  the 
planes  were  covered  with  a  thick  felt,  and  putty  powder  mixed 
with  water  was  put  on.  This  finished  the  surface  with  a  pol- 
ish or  gloss,  and  completed  the  process. 

One  shift  of  the  machinery  had  to  be  made  in  order  to  polish 
the  surface  under  the  first  position  of  the  wood  pulleys.  This 
was  accomplished  by  tying  together  and  bracing  all  of  the  parts 
to  be  moved,  and  then  sliding  them  bodily  four  feet  six  inches 
to  a  new  position. 

16 


230  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

From  careful  measurements  of  the  water  used  in  the  boilers, 
the  cylinder  pressure  of  the  engine  and  the  pull  of  the  planes 
on  the  surface  of  the  stone,  it  was  ascertained  that  the  maxi- 
mum horse-power  used  was  slightly  under  twenty.  By  testing 
with  a  spring  balance  it  was  found  that  the  friction  of  the  planes 
varied  with  the  material  used  in  grinding,  and  also  with  the 
amount  of  water  on  the  surface  of  the  stone  at  the  time.  The 
friction  when  grinding  with  shot  averaged  eleven  per  cent, 
of  the  weight  of  the  plane,  twenty-five  per  cent,  with  the  emery, 
and  thirty-five  per  cent,  when  glossing.  The  shaft  was  run  at 
an  average  of  six  and  one  third  revolutions  per  minute.  The 
time  taken  for  the  different  operations  was  :  for  chilled  shot, 
thirty-eight  hours;  emery,  fifty-six  hours;  and  glossing,  eight 
hours,  for  each  different  length  of  surface  worked  at  any  one 
time. 


OF  THB 

UNIVERSITY 


TRANSPORTATION. 


CHE  casing  or  boxing  of  the  shaft  for  transportation  was 
planned  with  especial  view  toward  facilitating  the  erec- 
tion at  the  site  of  the  monument.  It  consisted  of  four 
fourteen-inch  square  timbers  for  stringers,  fitted  to  the 
profile  of  the  shaft  and  placed  at  four  points  equidistant  about  its 
circumference.  These  timbers  were  connected  and  held  firmly  in 
place  by  a  series  of  heavy  bolts.  In  order  to  reduce  the  danger  of 
breakage  to  the  shaft  during  transportation  to  a  minimum,  the 
vertical  sides  of  the  square  formed  by  these  heavy  timbers  were 
trussed.  The  bolts  of  the  trussing  passed  through  the  stringers 
and  also  through  a  cross  timber  placed  under  the  shaft  and  fitted 
to  it.  This  gave  support  to  the  shaft  at  five  points  intermediate 
between  the  bearing  points  on  the  car.  The  stringer  timbers 
projected  some  four  feet  beyond  the  small  end  or  top  of  the  shaft, 
and  between  these  were  fitted  four  cross  timbers.  One  set  of 
two  cross  timbers  were  twelve  inches  square  and  were  fitted 
carefully  to  the  necking  and  top 'of  the  shaft,  and  bolted  se- 
curely to  the  stringers.  Diagonally  through  these  cross  timbers 
were  passed  ten  two-inch  eye-bolts,  five  on  each  timber,  the 
eyes  of  all  bolts  meeting  in  a  line  through  the  center  of  the 
other  set  of  cross  timbers,  which  were  placed  at  right  angles  to 
the  first  set.  Between  the  eye-bolts  were  placed  the  straps 

231 


232  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

for  the  tackle  block,  and  then  a  two  and  one  half  inch  steel  rod 
was  passed  through  the  timber,  eye-bolts  and  straps,  thus  form- 
ing the  connection  by  which  the  column  was  lifted  when 
erected. 

At  the  large,  or  bottom,  end  the  stringer  timbers  projected 
only  one  foot  and  eight  inches.  Here  two  cross  timbers  were 
fitted  at  the  end  of  the  shaft  and  bolted  firmly  to  the  stringers. 
The  ends  of  the  bottom  stringers  were  notched  to  receive  a 
twelve-inch  timber  twelve  feet  long,  whose  section  was  three 
quarters  round  and  one  quarter  square.  This  timber  was  used 
as  a  hinge  on  which  the  shaft  was  brought  to  an  upright  posi- 
tion when  erected  at  the  site. 

The  cars  used  for  transportation  were  the  usual  design  of  flat 
cars,  but  were  quite  low  and  built  extra  heavy  in  all  their  de- 
tail, the  axle  being  five  by  eight  inches.  They  were  thirty- 
eight  feet  six  inches  long,  and  were  built  and  used  by  a  loco- 
motive builder  for  carrying  two  elevated  railroad  locomotives. 

The  cars  were  prepared  for  the  shaft  by  laying  ten  by  ten 
timbers  on  the  car  body,  which  were  two  feet  longer  than  the 
distance  between  the  centers  of  the  trucks.  They  were  blocked 
up  from  the  car  body  two  inches  at  the  ends  and  held  from  side 
deflection  by  separator  blocks  fastened  to  the  car,  and  by  long 
bolts  passing  through  the  outer  timbers  down  through  the  bol- 
ster blocks  of  the  truss  rods.  The  object  of  these  timbers  was 
to  transmit  directly  to  the  trucks  a  part  of  the  weight  of  the 
shaft,  thus  relieving  the  car  body  and  truss  rods  beneath  of  an 
excessive  load.  The  timbers  carried  a  load  sufficient  to  deflect 
them  the  two  inches  of  the  blocking  plus  the  deflection  of  the 
car  body. 

Across  these  ten  by  ten  stringer  timbers  were  placed  flatwise 
two  eight  by  twelve  inch  timbers  bolted  firmly  to  them.  Simi- 
lar timbers  were  fastened  to  the  stringers  of  the  casing  to  the 
shaft,  and  fitted  so  that  the  shaft  rested  in  them.  These  two 
sets  of  timbers  were  placed  at  each  end  of  the  shaft,  and  on 


AT  WEST    POINT  233 

each  car,  and  formed  the  bearing  on  which  the  shaft  rested  in 
transportation.  All  of  the  timbers  were  shod  with  iron  and 
the  set  under  the  large  end  of  the  shaft  was  arranged  with  a  two- 
inch  king-bolt.  At  the  other  end  the  bolster  timbers  on  the 
car  were  longer,  and  heavy  blocks,  having  their  inner  surface 
worked  to  a  curve,  were  bolted  to  them.  At  this  end  there 
was  no  fastening  between  the  bolster  blocks,  and  the  casing  of 
the  shaft  was  allowed  to  slide  back  and  forth  as  the  motion  of 
the  cars  required  on  the  different  curves  of  the  railroads. 

Loaded  as  described,  the  shaft  was  transported  by  railroad 
without  any  accident  whatever.  The  only  annoyance  during 
the  trip  was  caused  by  the  heating  of  the  journals  of  the  axles. 
There  was  little  difficulty  when  the  speed  of  the  train  was  kept 
below  ten  miles  an  hour;  above  that,  the  journals  would  run 
for  only  a  short  time  without  heating  badly.  The  heaviest 
loaded  set  of  trucks  was  under  the  large  end  of  the  shaft,  and 
with  the  weight  of  the  car  it  carried  approximately  seventy-five 
thousand  pounds. 

The  cut  (V)  shows  the  cars  as  they  appeared  ready  for 
shipment,  with  the  shaft  protected  from  the  weather  by  a  can- 
vas cover. 

The  journey  from  Stony  Creek  to  West  Point  was  made  over 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford  Railroad  from  Stony 
Creek  to  Hartford  via  Say  brook  Junction;  from  Hartford  to 
Fishkill  on  the  Hudson  by  the  New  York  and  New  England 
Railroad;  across  the  Hudson  to  Newburg  by  boat;  and  from 
Newburg  to  West  Point  over  the  West  Shore  Road  —  a  total 
distance  of  one  hundred  and  ninety-one  miles.  The  trip  was 
made  in  thirteen  days,  with  an  actual  running  time  of  thirty- 
eight  hours. 

The  transportation  from  the  switch  at  the  West  Point  sta- 
tion up  the  steep  hill  to  the  site  of  the  monument  on  the  parade 
ground  was  accomplished  by  laying  a  temporary  track  in  short 
sections, —  no  particular  difficulty  being  experienced  except 


234  THE   BATTLE    MONUMENT 

near  the  riding  school,  where  a  reverse  curve  of  seventy-five  and 
eighty-five  feet  radii  on  a  twelve  per  cent,  grade  was  encoun- 
tered. Here  the  curve  was  so  short  that  the  car  timbers 
had  to  be  deeply  cut  to  allow  the  wheels  of  the  trucks  enough 
swing  to  pass  the  sharp  curve.  The  shaft  was  not  removed 
from  the  cars  until  it  was  blocked  up  at  the  site  of  the  mpnu- 
ment  ready  for  erection.  The  cars  were  made  up  to  a  con- 
venient height  on  a  crib-work  of  timbers. 

The  cuts  (VI,   VII)  illustrate  very  clearly  the  method  of 
transportation  from  the  railroad  switch  to  the  site. 


ERECTION. 


CHE  erection  of  the  shaft  was  the  subject  of  quite  as 
much  thought  and  planning  as  any  part  of  its  hand- 
ling, the  difficulty  being  not  only  the  handling  of  so 
great  a  load,  but  that  it  must  be  put  in  an  upright 
position  without  any  weight  being  allowed  to  come  upon  the 
lower  edge,  since  that  would  very  likely  break  out  a  piece  from 
the  shaft.      A  method  of  erection  similar  to  that  used  in  erect- 
ing the  Egyptian  obelisk  in  Central  Park,  New  York,  by  bolting 
trunnions  to  the  sides  near  the  center  of  gravity,  was  considered, 
but  abandoned.      The  method  adopted  was  to  arrange  a  sort  of 
wooden  hinge  about  which  the  shaft  and  casing  were  revolved 
while  being  raised  to  an  upright  position. 

A  twelve-inch  timber  three  quarters  round  and  one  quarter 
square  was  fitted  to  the  bottom  stringer  timbers  at  the  end  next 
the  base  of  the  monument.  This  was  allowed  to  rest  on  other 
timbers  which  had  been  hollowed  out  half  round.  In  erection, 
the  whole  of  the  shaft  and  casing  rested  on  the  round  timber, 
which  in  turn  rested  on  and  turned  in  the  timbers  hollowed  out 
to  receive  it. 

When  the  shaft  was  raised  to  an  upright  position  it  was 
landed  upon  an  upright  stone  post,  two  feet  square,  set  in  the 
center  of  the  base  several  inches  above  the  permanent  position 

235 


236  THE    BATTLE    MONUMENT 

of  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  This  stone  post  was  supported 
upon  a  bed  of  sand  in  a  pocket  formed  in  the  base  of  the  mon- 
ument, and  so  arranged  that  by  opening  a  gate  valve  the  sand 
would  flow  out  and  so  lower  the  post  and  the  shaft  above, 
forming  what  may  be  termed  a  sand-jack. 

The  shaft  was  raised  to  an  upright  position  by  a  tackle  of 
twenty  ropes,  ten  sheaves  eighteen  inches  in  diameter  being 
fastened  to  the  top  of  the  casing  of  the  shaft  as  previously  de- 
scribed. The  fixed  block  was  made  up  of  eleven  sheaves  of  the 
same  size,  and  was  fastened  with  six  two-and-one-half-inch  eye- 
bolts  to  a  sixteen  by  eighteen  inch  hard  pine  timber  reinforced 
on  the  top  by  an  iron  plate  one  inch  thick  and  eighteen  inches 
wide.  This  cross-head  timber  was  suitably  fastened  to  the  top 
of  a  stage  built  of  heavy  timbers  from  the  ground  to  a  height 
convenient  for  handling  the  shaft  and  the  surmounting  stone 
work.  On  the  front  the  stage  was  braced  on  either  side  by  two 
twelve  by  twelve  inch  timbers,  and  in  the  opposite  direction  it 
was  guyed  from  the  top  to  two  posts  two  hundred  feet  apart 
and  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  back  of  the  monument.  It  was 
at  first  planned  to  use  a  breast  derrick  instead  of  a  stage  for  the 
erection  of  the  shaft,  and  a  derrick  one  hundred  and  three  feet 
high  was  built  and  erected.  During  the  winter  previous  to  the 
erection  of  the  monument  it  was- wrecked  in  a  high  gale,  and  a 
stage  substituted  instead  of  building  another  derrick. 

The  rope  used  in  the  tackle  for  hoisting  was  a  three-quarter 
inch  crucible  steel  wire  rope,  and  rated  by  the  manufacturers  at  a 
breaking  strain  of  thirty-six  thousand  pounds.  The  greatest  strain 
on  the  single  rope  during  the  erection  to  a  vertical  position  was, 
neglecting  friction,  four  thousand  pounds;  and  afterward,  when 
the  whole  weight  of  the  stone  and  casing  was  held  for  a  short 
time  while  the  position  of  the  shaft  was  being  adjusted,  the 
strain  was  slightly  over  nine  thousand  pounds. 

Previous  to  the  erection  the  shaft  and  casing  were  blocked 
up  to  as  high  an  angle  as  was  practicable  and  a  trial  lift  made. 


AT  WEST   POINT  237 

This  trial  developed  a  weakness  in  the  front  brace  timbers, 
which  was  remedied  by  adding  more  guys  to  the  back.  When 
the  final  lift  was  made,  everything  worked  smoothly,  and  in  ten 
minutes  the  shaft  was  erect  and  resting  on  the  stone  post. 

The  cut  (VIII)  is  a  copy  of  a  photograph  taken  while  the 
shaft  was  being  raised  to  an  upright  position. 

It  was  intended  to  land  the  shaft  on  the  stone  post  in  the 
correct  position  for  lowering  on  to  the  base;  but,  owing  to  a 
slight  movement  of  the  shaft  in  the  casing,  this  was  not  ac- 
complished. The  correct  adjustment  was  made  by  taking  a  strain 
on  the  lifting  tackle,  then  locking  the  drums  of  the  hoisting  en- 
gine and  allowing  sufficient  sand  to  flow  out  from  under  the  stone 
to  clear  it  from  the  whole  weight  of  the  shaft  and  casing.  The 
shaft  was  then  lashed  in  correct  position  and  lowered  back  on 
the  stone  post.  It  will  be  noted  that  by  this  operation,  while 
the  whole  weight  was  held  for  a  given  time,  a  direct  lift  was 
avoided. 

When  everything  was  ready  for  lowering  the  shaft  to  its  final 
position  the  bottom  part  of  the  casing  was  sawed  off  and  re- 
moved. The  valve  controlling  the  sand  was  then  opened,  and 
the  running'  out  of  the  sand  allowed  the  shaft  to  settle  gradually 
and  smoothly  to  its  permanent  bed,  which  had  previously  re- 
ceived a  thin  layer  of  cement  mortar.  The  bottom  of  the 
pocket  for  the  sand  was  made  conical  in  shape,  it  being  found 
necessary  by  experiment  in  order  to  make  the  sand  flow  out 
uniformly.  After  the  shaft  was  landed  upon  the  stone  post  it 
was  found  to  have  compressed  the  sand  three  eighths  of  an 
inch,  or  two  hundred  and  sixteen  cubic  inches  in  a  total  vol- 
ume of  sixteen  cubic  feet,  under  a  direct  compression  of  about 
three  hundred  and  twelve  pounds  per  square  inch. 


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