ROBERT ERNEST COWAN
HISTORY OF THE
BERKELEY SCHOOLS
S. D. WATERMAN
\N < \k'l.()S 170t>
i/iii
ROBERT ERNEST COWAN
"Westward the course of empire takes Its way,
^b* first four acts already f>ass&b,
^l)e flftl) shall close tlje drama wltl) tl)e day.
dime's noblest offspring Is tl)e last."
— 'Bishop 'Berkeley
History of the Berkeley Schools
By
S. D. Waterman
An account of the School System of Berkeley from
its establishment to date, with a detailed presenta-
tion of the special features in the various schools
Berkeley, California
19 18
Cop)Tight 1918
Bv S. D. Waterman
Printed By
Shr |Irafp0fiianal ^rraa
Brrkriev, California
2)3S ■ J
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I Historical Sketch 7
II The First Board of Education 11
III Rented Rooms 16
IV The Berkeley High School 18
V The Superintendents 44
VI The Berkeley School Board 47
VII Bonds and Special Tax 50
VIII Music 54
IX Drawing 58
X Manual Training 60
XI High School Buildings 63
XII McKinley School 64
XIII Frances E. Willard School 69
> XIV Washington School 72
! XV Edison School 77
Z XVI Franklin School 79
: XVII Luther Burbank School 81
: XVIII Whittier School 83
3 XIX Garfield School 85
e XX Lincoln School 87
I XXI Le Conte School 90
3 XXII Oxford School 92
* XXIII Jefferson School 95
XXIV John Muir School 98
XXV Hillside School 99
XXVI Hawthorne School 100
XXVII Columbus School 104
XXVIII Emerson School 105
XXIX Longfellow School 106
XXX Seventh Street School 108
XXXI Night Schools 110
XXXII School Gardens 115
XXXIII Miscellaneous 117
XXXIV Our Flag 123
XXXV The Carnegie Library 125
XXXVI Names of Teachers 132
XXXVII Berkeley High School War Record 139
XXXVIII Berkeley High School Graduates 142
28G'?35
FOREWORD
I have not written this sketch of the Berkeley schools expect-
inR any jrreat financial returns, but with the hope that it may be
of interest to those who are now in the department, and that it
may be of value later as a source of information about the
^rrowth and development of the school system of which we are so
justly proud.
The task of writing the history since the incorporation of the
town in 1878 has been a simple one, as the records of the Board
of Education and the files of the daily papers have been available.
It has not been so easy to secure data for the period preceding
the incorporation. The statements are sometimes incomplete, but
as far as they are given they are reliable. Among those who
have given information about the schools of this early period, I
must mention especially, Mrs. Emma S. Wilkes, Mrs. Adelaide
Marquand. Mr. Charles McClain, Mr. A. H. Broad and Mr. Thomas
Hann.
I have made use of one or two short quotations from Prof.
Jones' History of the University of California for which due
credit has been given.
If the public derive as much pleasure from the reading of this
history as the author has derived from the writing of it, he will
feet amply repaid.
S. D. WATERMAN
HISTORY OF
THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER I
HISTORICAL SKETCH
In 1820, the last Spanish governor of California, who was
likewise the first Mexican governor, conferred San Antonio Rancho
upon Don Luis Peralta and, in 1842, Don Luis divided this into
four equal parts, giving one part to each of his four sons. The
portion extending from Temescal Creek to the present Contra
Costa line fell to his son Jose.
The earliest American settlers upon this tract came in 1852
when F. K. Shattuck, Geo. M. Blake and William Hillegass ac-
quired a part of it by purchase and commenced farming on quite
an extensive scale on land included in the present site of Berkeley.
Alameda County was organized in 1853 from parts of Contra
Costa and Santa Clara Counties.
The present site of the University was selected by Henry D.
Durant in 1858, and in 1860, the trustees decided that this should
be the permanent site. Mention is made of this, because the
location of the University and its growth have made the city of
Berkeley what it is. Many people have chosen this city for their
homes in order to have, for their children, the advantages offered
by the University, without any great expense.
The first settlement was at Ocean View, or West Berkeley, and
the center of business and population was at the corner of Uni-
versity and San Pablo Avenues. It would doubtless have re-
mained in that vicinity but for the influence of the University.
The name, Berkeley, was suggested by Mr. Frederic Billings,
one of the trustees. After quoting the well known lines of
Bishop Berkeley, —
8 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
"Westward the course of empire takes its way,
The tirst four acts already passed,
The fifth shall close the drama with the day,
Time's noblest offspring is the last."
he supKested the name, Berkeley, for the new settlement. This
Butrv't'stion was taken by his associates and several years later
when the town was incorporated, this name was given to it.
Previous to the establishment of the University site, San Pablo
Avenue, running north and south, was the only road leading to
Oakland, while University Avenue was the only street running
east and west. Between San Pablo Avenue and the Bay the
strafTKling settlement of Ocean View sprang up and after the
overland railroad was completed in 1869, grew quite rapidly.
These two settlements were united and incorporated as the "Town
of Berkeley" in 1878. Previous to this time, Berkeley proper was
a small scattered settlement. There were a few houses on what is
now known as Telegiaph Avenue, then known as Choate Street,
near the entrance to the University Campus, at the end of the
"Dinky" car line. There was a small settlement in the vicinity of
Berkeley Station and a few scattered residences were found here
and there. The principal settlement at the time of incorporation
was at Ocean View.
"We were a long way from San Francisco. We had either to
follow the pace of a bob-tailed car to Oakland — a trip of over
an hour — and thence to the city, or else take an omnibus which
had the unpleasant habit of capsizing and breaking collar bones
and arms. The destination of this omnibus was the ferry at
Ocean View, or Jacob's Landing, — otherwise West Berkeley.
From thi.s point we embarked upon a steamer that was very un-
certain as to the time of starting and still more uncertain as to
the time of arriving."
Later, our communication with Oakland was greatly improved
in two ways. One of these was by the way of Golden Gate by
Southern Pacific steam car, — thence on San Pablo Avenue by
honie car to Fortieth Street, and thence by cable car to Seventh
and Broadway, Oakland. The other route was by a steam "Dinky"
from the University grounds to Temescal at Forty-eighth Street,
and thence by horse car to Oakland. The trip by either of these
two rout«8 consumed fully an hour. Close connection was made
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 9
at Seventh and Broadway with the local trains for San Francisco.
The regular local trains to Berkeley and Ocean View afforded
occasional means of reaching the city. Compared with the ex-
cellent transportation facilities of today, these earlier modes of
communication seem primitive indeed.
The Overland trains first came to San Francisco via Niles and
the Livermore Valley in 1869. Several years later, the route
via Tracy and Martinez was established, — the Valley Road was
completed, the Benicia line to Sacramento was opened and West
Berkeley began to grow and show signs of becoming later the
manufacturing center of the town.
Previous to the incorporation of the town, there were schools
in Ocean View and also in East Berkeley, the school in Ocean
View having been the first organized. The following sketch,
though brief, seems to be correct as far as it goes:
A small wooden building was erected on or near the corner
of San Pablo Avenue and Virginia Street on land owned by Mr.
Patrick Rooney. Later, Mr. Rooney deeded the land to the town
"to be used for school purposes." The school was known as the
"Ocean View School." People living in the outlying districts
sent their children to this school and soon the little building gave
way to a larger one and Mr. S. A. Penwell, afterwards Justice
Penwell, took charge. Mr. M. M. Oilman succeeded Mr. Penwell
and during his term a good school library was established. The
school soon became so large that several assistants were needed.
When Berkeley was incorporated the "Ocean View School" be-
came known as the "San Pablo Avenue School."
In 1877, Miss Ella J. Bynon, sister of Mrs. Adelaide Marquand,
and now assistant superintendent of the public schools in Port-
land, Oregon, opened a primary school for the smaller childi;en,
on Sixth Street, near Delaware. As the San Pablo Avenue school
was too far away for these little children to attend, this private
school was a success from the start.
The fii'st school in East Berkeley was a private school at the
corner of University and Shattuck Avenues. The establishing of
this school was largely due to the efforts of Mr. Jos. McClain, re-
cently deceased. Mr. MacArthur was the first teacher, in 1872
or 1873, and the children who had been attending the "Ocean
View School" were enabled to attend a school nearer home.
The first Public School in East Berkeley was opened at the
10 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
corner of Berkeley Way and Shattuck Avenue, under Clapp's Hall.
This school was soon afterwards moved to the west side of
Shattuck Avenue next to McClain's grocery store on the lot
where the Francis Shattuck building now stands. McClain's store
wa« on the S. W. corner of Addison Street and the school room
wms next to it. .\t first, Mr. Fuller taught the entire school, but
during two years prior to the incorporation of the town, he had
»*veral assistants. The school was continued in the same locality
until the completion of the Kellogg School building in December,
1879. The new building was occupied at the opening of the term
in January, 1880.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 11
CHAPTER II
THE FIRST BOARD OF EDUCATION
A meeting of the members of the first Board of Education of
the Town of Berkeley was held May 28, 1878, in the Town Hall
on Shattuck Avenue, near Addison Street. The meeting was
called to order by Prof. W. B. Rising. The following named di-
rectors were present: Bruns, Dale, Kellogg, Johnson, and Rising.
Director Starr was absent. Director Henry Bruns filed his cer-
tificate of election as follows:
U. S. of America, 1
State of California, 1- ss.
County of Alameda. J
I, Stephen G. Nye, County Judge for the County of Alameda
in the State of California, do hereby certify that, at an election
held in and for the Town of Berkeley in said County of Alameda
on the 13th day of May, A. D. 1878, Henry Bruns was duly elected
to the office of School Director of said town as appears upon the
official returns of said election and the statement of votes cast
now on file in my office. In witness whereof I hereunto affix my
hand this 17th day of May, 1878.
STEPHEN G. NYE,
County Judge.
State of California, I
r ss.
County of Alameda, j
I do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the
United States and the Constitution of the State of California,
and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of school director of
the Town of Berkeley to the best of my ability.
HENRY BRUNS.
STEPHEN G. NYE,
County Judge,
Witness.
Martin Dale, William H. Johnson, Martin Kellogg, M. B. Starr,
and W. B. Rising each filed a like certificate.
12 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
The Board or-anized by electing Martin Kellogg President,
and W H Johnson President pro tern. E. L. Wright was ap-
pointed Secretary. Prof. Kellogg held the office of President
until 1884. ^ ,^ ^^^,
At a meeting of the Board held on the evening of May 20th,
1884, the following preamble and resolution were unanimously
adopted :
"Whereas. By the expiration of his term of office, Professor
Martin Kellogg is about to retire from the Board of which he has
been a member since its organization, and for many years its Pres-
ident ; and,
"Whereas, His associates wish to place upon record their ap-
preciation of his uniform courtesy toward his fellow-members; of
his wise counsel and his untiring, unselfish fidelity in the discharge
of his official duties, which have contributed so largely to the per-
fect organization and present efficiency of the schools;
"Resolved, That we express to Professor Kellogg, for our-
selves and in the name of the teachers and pupils of our schools
and the citizens of the Town of Berkeley, our profound regret at
this loss to the interests committed to our charge."
The first and third Tuesdays at 8 p. m. were fixed as the time
for meeting. The place of meeting varied. At first it was in
the Town Hall on Shattuck Avenue and then for six months in
East and West Berkeley alternately. Finally, when the Town
Hall on University Avenue and Sacramento Street was completed,
the place of meeting was fixed permanently in the Town Hall.
Mr. Oilman was elected Principal of the West Berkeley School
and Mr. A. L. Fuller, Principal of the East Berkeley or Shattuck
Avenue School. As has already been stated, this school was held
at first in the basement story of Clapp's Hall, corner of Berkeley
Way and Shattuck, and afterwards in rooms on the west side of
Shattuck Avenue, second door south of Addison Street. On
July 2nd, 1878, the first steps were taken for securing a lot for
achool purposes in East Berkeley. Lots 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 on
the south side of Center Street between Oxford and Shattuck as
offered by Camall and Eyre were ordered bought if possible, and
the President of the Board was authorized to secure the refusal
of these lots at a price not to exceed $2800. At a regular meet-
Inif of the Board held on January 7, 1879, these lots were ordered
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 13
purchased. Later, the land through to Allston Way was added
to the tract already described.
Strawberry Creek at this time ran down Allston Way from
Fulton Street across Shattuck Avenue. The railroad crossed the
creek by means of a trestle on the east side of Shattuck, and there
was a bridge and a walk for ordinary travel on the west side.
The creek crossed Oxford Street near Center and cut diagonally
across to the corner of Fulton and Allston. The channel of the
creek was in the middle of the street and there was a raised walk
for "foot travelers" on the south side of Allston.
When the Town Trustees completed the culvert for carrying
the water of the creek, the school lot had a double frontage —
Center Street and Allston Way.
When the school lot was purchased there were but three houses
on the block; — one, owned by Dr. J. S. Eastman as a residence,
since moved to an Oxford frontage, — a cottage toward Shattuck
Avenue owned and occupied as a residence by John Boyd, known
as the "Boss Baggage Buster of Beautiful Berkeley," — and a
small building occupied by Mikkelsen and Berry as a tailoring
establishment. An apple orchard covered the rest of the block.
On May 20th, 1879, Messrs. Bunce, Byxbee, Dornin, Palmer,
Johnson and Kellogg presented their credentials as new members
of the Board and they qualified by taking the oath of office. Mr.
P. Munroe was elected the first census marshal under the law.
On June 3rd, 1879, the Finance Committee, in accordance with
previous insti-uctions, made the following report of the approxi-
mate value of the school property:
Real Estate $4050
Buildings 2250
Furniture 1254
Even at this early day the idea of having a special teacher of
vocal music was entertained, and Mr. G. C. Starr proposed to
teach the Science of Music for $30 per month.
The Committee on School Houses and Sites were authorized
to ask for plans and specifications for the erection of a two-story
three-room building upon the lots recently purchased, "the plans
to be of such a nature as to permit the addition of other rooms
as needed." On January 29th, 1879, the plans of Samuel and
J. C. Newsom were adopted, and after due formality in advertising
for bids the contract was let to Mr. George Embury for $3365.
14 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
\s there was no money available for immediate use, Messrs. J. L.
Barker. H. Bartlett, G. D. Dornin, H. A. Palmer and F. K. Shattuck
a^eed to furnish the money as a loan. When the building was
completed, it was named "The Kellogg Grammar School." It was
occupied for school purposes December 11th, 1879. This was
considered an event of so great importance that the Berkeley
Advocate of December 18th, 1879, devoted a column to a descrip-
tion of the building and an account of the steps leading to its
erection.
Mr. Fuller was retained as Principal until June, 1880. When
ho resigned, Mr. W. W. Anderson was chosen in his place. At
the same time Mr. Horton was made Principal of the San Pablo
School. During the illness and absence of Mr. Horton, Mr. H. A.
Nelson and Mr. Clement took his place.
Mr. Anderson remained until 1884, when he resigned and the
Board elected Mr. Henry Veghte to fill the vacancy.
The following from the annual report of Mr. Berryman, Pres-
ident of the Board of Education, is given to show that the demand
for additional room is nothing new. The same questions are to
be solved every year:
PRESIDENT'S REPORT.
"In reviewing the business of the past year ending May 19th,
1885, I wish in the first place to impress upon your minds the
necessity of considering at once the most important measure of
furnishing accommodations for a rapidly increasing number of
children. The school census shows that we have 817 children
between the ages of 5 and 17 yeai's, and we have accommodations
for 230 at the San Pablo Avenue School and 264 at the Kellogg,
leaving 323 for whom provision must be made.
"The Board will perceive from the financial statement here-
with submitted that the funds on hand are barely sufficient for
meeting the demands against us to August 1st, and it is the im-
perative duty of this Board to make provision for the expenses
that will accrue until the town taxes are paid."
In order to meet the first part of this report, steps were taken
to provide, at once, additional rooms in North Berkeley.
In June, ISBf), Directors Jones, Burr, Andrews and Heyward
were appointed with power to act. They were to receive pro-
posals from property holders to build a school house in North
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 15
Berkeley and to rent the same to the town. Mr. Berryman built
the house and aftei-wards sold it to Mr. Banister. This house
was on the northwest corner of Rose and Milvia Streets, and was
opened for school purposes with two classes in 1886, with Miss
Juliet Lumbard and Mrs. N. M. Norman as teachers.
Some of our very best teachers served an apprenticeship in this
little building. Among these may be named Misses Lumbard,
Woodall, Cotrel, Barrows, Hartley, Bryant, Mrs. Potwin and
others.
In 1897 the building was purchased and moved from the old
site to a lot on the east side of Milvia Street between Rose and
Berryman Streets. It was raised and changed to a three-room
building and in 1905 it was sold and converted into an apartment
house.
In 1891 the entire Eighth grade of East Berkeley used a room
in this building under the able management of Miss Lumbard.
This class, with its teacher, was afterwards moved to a rented
room on the north side of Center Street over Aitken's art store.
This condition held until the completion of the Whittier School
building in 1892. Miss Lumbard's class was transferred to the
Whittier, and she became the first principal. The growth north
of Center Street was very rapid for several years. It became
necessary to provide rooms for a class or two elsewhere.
At this time no charge for fare between Vine Street and
Dwight Way was made by the Southern Pacific Railroad. As an
unoccupied room in the LeConte School building was available, a
class was transferred from the Northern to the Southern district,
taking the 8:30 A. M. train to Dwight Way, and the 2:40 P. M.
train from Dwight Way north. The school session for this class
began at 8:45 A. M. and closed at 2:30 P. M.
16 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER III
RENTED ROOMS
At different times since 1890, it has been found necessary to
make use of rented rooms to accommodate the ever increasing
number of pupils. It is true that these rooms, or the most of
them, furnished shelter from the winds and rain, but they were
in no way suited to school purposes. Vacant lots and the public
streets were used for playgrounds and the sanitary conditions
were in most cases fierce.
Unless one has had experience with an environment of this
kind he cannot fully appreciate the difficulties to be overcome.
These conditions were a serious handicap for years, but they
have been remedied by degrees by the erection of new buildings
and by making additions to the old. At the present time (1917)
the number of rented rooms is small. The following is only a
partial list of rooms rented during the years that have passed:
On the 11th day of August, 1891, the Committee on School
Houses and Sites reported that they had rented from Mr. Peter
Maloney a room at the corner of Channing and Shattuck for $30
a month, with the refusal for another room adjoining for $50 a
month for the two. The second room was needed soon after and
the principal, assisted by Bob Cuthbert, the janitor, spent Saturday
afternoon and the greater part of Sunday in preparing the room
for occupancy. Blackboards were not available on such short
notice and Hyloplate was not yet on the market, so as a substitute
very thick Manila paper of the proper width was fastened to the
walls and after receiving two thorough coats of Liquid Slating
and after drying for a day or two the Blackboard (?) was ready
for use. These two rooms were retained for several years and
were known as "Maloney's Seminary."
Four small rooms on Dwight Way were rented from Mrs.
Calhoun. The teacher here surely had "to look around the cor-
ner." There wa.s a front hall, a front parlor, a back parlor and
■ dining room connected at various angles and the teacher's desk
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 17
was situated so as to command all of these angular situations. If
you do not think that the teacher here had a picnic, ask Miss
Bergen, who is still doing valiant service for the children of
Berkeley. Then there were two rooms at the corner of Blake and
Shattuck in what was then known as the "Simrak Block," also
one room in Odd Fellows' Hall. The Simrak building still re-
mains just as it appeared twenty or more years ago, when it
was rented by the Board. In 1893 additional rooms were fitted
up at the corner of Vine and Shattuck for the use of a primary
class.
A lease of the Berkeley Gymnasium which had just been
vacated by Mr. Bates after being used for years as a pi-ivate
school was taken for five months from August 1st, 1896, and this
lease was afterward extended to a year. A small building on
Ashby Avenue near Adeline Street which had been used for a
plumber's shop, was taken for school purposes. It was in this little
building that Mrs. Elliot began her invaluable work for the chil-
dren of Berkeley. Two rooms in South Berkeley Hall were taken
to relieve the pressure in the LeConte School. A room in Odd
Fellows' building and another in Clapp's Hall were secured pending
the completion of "The Bancroft Way School Building." Wilken's
Hall has been rented for several years as an assembly hall for the
McKinley School.
For a year after the earthquake in 1906 several rooms were
rented temporarily. These will be mentioned in detail later.
In addition to these that have been mentioned, on account of
the failure of the Town Trustees to erect a building of sufficient
capacity on the Garfield lot, it has been found necessary within
two years of the opening of this school to move two bungalows
from the Whittier School lot, and now in the middle of the fall
term of 1917 a room in a nearby private home has been fitted up
as a class room.
k
18 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER IV
THE BERKELEY HIGH SCHOOL
The Hiph School is and always has been essentially a prepara-
tor>- school. For a number of years immediately following the
•ccrcditinjr of the school the University practically controlled its
course of study and general policy. The domination of the Uni-
versity over the High Schools of the State reached its climax
during the last years of the late President Kellogg's term.
As soon as President Wheeler took charge there was a change
in the relationship of the two and for several years there has de-
veloped a community of interest which is very helpful to all of
the schools of the state, but especially the High Schools. The
change in the method of accrediting and the lack of the former
dictatorial spirit have tended to bring about the present harmoni-
ous relations.
The gro\vth of the High School is out of all proportion to the
increase in the population of the tovra, but this condition holds
jfood in University towns all over the country. The grovrth of
this school may be seen from the number of graduates for several
years as follows:
1884 4
1890 14
1896 72
1904 118
1916 305
1917 507
The enrollment for different years is as follows:
1902 567
1906 965
1907 1015
1908 1077
In 1910 the 9th grades were taken from the High School and
placed with the 7th and 8th grades, forming four Intermediate
schools. In 1916 the enrollment in the 10th, 11th and 12th years
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 19
was 103G and in the 9th grades 573, thus bringing the High School
enrollment under the old classification up to 1609. Even with
the additional buildings and the additional equipment that have
been provided the school has always been handicapped by a lack
of adequate rooms and the essential means for carrying on first-
class educational work. The 9th grade class had been transferred
from the Allston Way School to the High School proper on the
completion of the building on Grove Street in 1901.
On August 5th, 1895, a committee consisting of Directors
Norton, Robertson and Engebretsen was appointed to communi-
cate with the Board of Regents of the University, asking for a
lease, for a term of years, of a lot for the use of the High School,
this lot being on the University Campus at University and Oxford.
At the same meeting Director Robertson advocated the em-
ployment of a special teacher of drawing for the pupils in the
High School, and at a subsequent meeting Prof. Henry T. Ardley
addressed the Board and recommended Miss Mary L. Brehm for
the position. Miss Brehm was elected and in addition to her
work in the High School she was to outline the work for the
grades and to hold weekly meetings after school hours for in-
structing the teachers. A riot among the teachers did not en-
sue, but there was severe criticism and an active opposition was
developed, but the action of the Board was sustained and carried
to a successful issue by the "level headed" teachers in the depart-
ment. This leads me to remark, that whenever teachers are dis-
satisfied with the requirements of "the powers that be" a change
is always desirable.
In August, 1895, the following resolution was unanimously
adopted by the Board: "That the Board of Town Trustees be
requested to take immediate steps for the erection of a High
School building of not less than 16 rooms. (This building was not
provided until 1901.)
In 1896 a small building 26 by 42 was erected on the school
lot directly east of the main building. These rooms were for
the use of the French and German classes, but they were used for
other departments as the situation demanded. In 1899 the build-
ing was used by the City Superintendent of Schools for an office
and storeroom. In 1890 it was moved to Allston Way next to the
Baptist Church at the foot of Fulton Street. It was used for the
i
20 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Superintendent's office until the Board rented more commodious
rooms at 2171 Shattuck Avenue. „, u- ^ >
The cornerstone of the new building was laid on Washington s
Birthday February 22nd, 1901, by the Grand Lodge of Masons.
This was' a notable event for Berkeley. The City Superintendent
of the Los Angeles schools, Mr. Jas. A. Foshay, was at that time
the Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Masonic order. Durant
Lodge No. 2(38, F. and A. M., under Hon. W. H. Waste, Worship-
ful Master, had the management. The following speakers took
part:
For the Town Trustees Capt. W. H. Marston
For the Board of Education Prof. E. J. Wickson
For the High School Alumni Harry H. Johnson
For the Student Body Will McCleave
The principal address was given by President Wheeler.
Prof. Wickson spoke in part as follows:
"The Board of Education unites with the Town Trustees in ex-
tending to the public a cordial welcome to this very interesting
ceremonial. We have been waiting for this event for years. It
supplies a pressing need and shows the proper municipal spirit.
"The Berkeley High School has existed for twenty years with-
out any right except a squatter's claim. Not until this building
shall have been completed will the High School have a roof to
which it has a legal claim.
"It was a strong and prosperous school under the old condi-
tions because it had the good will and confidence of the people, a
faithful corps of teachers, and loyal and studious pupils.
"Gentlemen of the Board of Trustees, on behalf of the Board
of Education, I wish to announce publicly the debt of gratitude
we owe to you for your faithful work in perfecting the plans which
will result in establishing our 'New High School.* 'Let us pledge
ourselves and our children to provide adequately for its future.' "
In Shattuck Hall, on Wednesday evening, February 22nd, as
■ fitting ending of the day, Vere Hunter's dramatization of "King
Washington," entitled "The Spy," was given for the benefit of the
iichool library fund. A well chosen cast of characters did full
justice to Mr. Hunter's fine dramatic conception.
On Thursday evening, after a varied program, the entertain-
ment ended with the farce in one act entitled, "FOR THE FIRST
TIME," with the following all-star cast:
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 21
WILFORD BURTON — "For the First Time" de-
fying his ideals H. Leo Dungan
SYLVIA GORDON — "For the First Time" a
model Miss Carolyn Morse
NINA, a little drudge — "For the First Time" in
love Miss Mary Kennedy
MRS. DE SOTO BEANS, a wealthy but eccentric
widow — "For the First Time" domineered....
Miss Virginia Pierce
FRED TORRINGTON, an actor — "For the
First" and last time utterly fooled
Mr. Chas. T. Dozier
The school library profited from these entertainments. At
last the new building was ready for use. It was dedicated and
formally received by the Board of Education on October 26th,
1901. The program at the exercises of dedication was as fol-
lows:
Invocation Rev. R. L. Halsey
Music Orchestra
Address of Welcome Principal M. C. James
Vocal Trio — Mrs. Thos. Rickard, Mrs. Jo Mills and
Louise McKee
Address Hon. T. J. Kirk, State Superintendent
Music Orchestra
Remarks Prof. W. W. Anderson
The first Principal of the B. H. S.
Soprano Solo Mrs. Charles Mills
Formal transfer of papers and the keys of the
building from the Board of Town Trustees
to the Board of Education
Capt. W. H. Marston, Pres. of Trustees
Response J- R- Little
President of the School Board
Vocal Duet Miss Louise McKee and Mrs. J. Mills
Remarks on behalf of the Board of Education....
Prof. E. J. Wickson
Music Orchestra
Closing Address City Supt. S. D. Waterman
The cornerstone of the new High School building on AUston
Way was laid by Durant Lodge, No. 268, F. and A. M., on the
22 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
24th day of Auirust, 1907. The following: items referring to the
new building ami taken from the records of the Board of Educa-
tion furnish official information concerning this interesting and
important event.
July 23. 1907 "The President stated that the architects of the
new Hiph School had communicated with him in regard to
laying the cornerstone and that it was his opinion that the
Chamber of Commerce should be asked to take charge of
nrranjrements proper for the occasion. After discussion
Director Young moved that a committee of three be ap-
pointed and that the Chair act, ex-officio, to make the neces-
sary arrangements. There being no objection, it was so
ordered."
Aujrust 6, 1907 — "The Chair informed the Board that it had ap-
pointed as the committee on arrangements for the laying of
the cornerstone of the new Polytechnic High School, the
High School Committee, to which he had added Director
Sutherland and of which he had appointed Director Young
as chairman.
"Director Young reported that 2 o'clock, August 24, 1907,
had been fixed for the occasion and that President Wheeler
had expressed his willingness to make the address. He also
requested authority to make such expenditures as might be
necessary to make the event a success. His request was
granted unanimously."
Augu.st 13, 1907 — "Director Young reported as chairman of the
committee having charge of the laying of the cornerstone of
the new Polytechnic School on the 24th day of August, 1907,
and stated that the committee had engaged a band and had
made extensive preparations for the event. He reported that
he had appointed Director Loring to act on the committee
during the absence of Director Lewis."
At the time appointed for the exercises the following program
wu given :
Overture— "William Tell".. ..Golden Gate Park Band
Under the leadership of Paul Steindorff
Invocation Rev. Mr. Hopkins
Of the First Congregational Church, Berkeley
Remarks Prof. Lewis, President of the Board,
And by the City Superintendent, S. D. Waterman
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 23
Music By the "Berkeley Quartette"
Remarks Principal M. C. James, and W. A. Gates,
Representing the Chamber of Commerce
Music — Intermezzo, "Cavaleria Rusticana"
Golden Gate Park Band
Address Pres. Benj. Ide Wheeler
Laying of the Cornerstone By Masonic Lodge
Music — Pilgrims' Chorus (Tannhauser)
Golden Gate Park Band
Dr. J. S. Eastman, for several years a member of the Board
of Education, presented for the High School yard two fine palms
that had been growing in his yard at the corner of Oxford and
Center Streets and these palms were transplanted and are now
growing on the Grove Street frontage of the school lot.
In 1902 a "Sequoia Gigantea" was presented to the school by
Mr. John Muir and was planted with appropriate exercises in the
school yard south of the building. This gift came through C. L.
Biedenbach's personal acquaintance with Mr. Muir. Mr. Bieden-
bach had charge of the program.
Soon after the completion of the Strawberry Creek culvert the
Kellogg building and the little two-room building already men-
tioned were moved to Allston Way, these lots having been secured
some time before.
In 1904 a part of the property, 182 feet on Center Street and
100 feet in depth was leased for 10 years at an annual rental of
$1200. This lease was renewed in 1914.
In 1909 the old Kellogg building was leased to Mr. F. H. Meyer
at a monthly rental of $70. The building is still used by Mr.
Meyer for the "California School of Arts and Crafts."
COURSE OF LECTURES.
During 1893 and 1894 a very instructive course of lectures
was given in connection with the regular work in History and
English.
Dr. H. M. DuBose of the M. E. Church, South, gave three
lectures:
"The Passing of Arthur"
"The Early Legendary Days of England"
"Myths of Scandinavia."
Prof. Thos. R. Bacon of the History department of the Uni-
24 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
versity gave a very vivid lecture on the "Battle of Austerlitz,"
illustrated at the blackboard in such a manner as to give to the
lislonors a lasting impression of this great battle in w^hich Napoleon
defeated the combined armies of Russia and Austria in 1805.
Then we had Profs. Bradley, Kellogg, Moses and Cook of the
University faculty.
Dr. Homer B. Sprague gave a lecture based on "Some of
Shakespeare's Plays."
Dr. C. C. Stratton, a lecture on "Potential Forces," and not
the least in interest, though the last to be named. Miss McLean,
fresh from her three years of work in the slums of New York, gave
such a description of her work that all who heard wei-e impressed
with the earnestness and love for humanity that called forth the
three years of self-sacrificing labor.
Later, when Dr. Jordan had become settled at Stanford, he
jfave his lecture on the "Passion Play" in the First Congregational
Church, corner of Durant Avenue and Dana Street. Still later,
he ^ve his lecture on the "Ascent of the Matterhorn."
Dr. A. C. Hirst of the M. E. Church gave two wonderful lec-
tures on "Early Colonial Days." All of these lectures were open
to the public and were well attended and were very popular, not
only with the pupils, but with the community at large.
Several pages that follow are from a report written a number
of years ago. Some changes have been made to fit the present
time.
In May, 1880, a special committee, consisting of Messrs. Kel-
logg, Palmer and Johnson, appointed at a previous meeting to
investigate as to the advisability of establishing a High School,
presented a report, which closes as follows:
"We therefore recommend that a High School class be formed
at the beginning of the next school year, to be under the care of
a Grammar Principal, without any increase of salary for the pres-
ent, and that the course of study for the first year be substan-
tially as follows:
"First Term — Algebra, Physical Geography, English Compo-
sition, Language.
"Second Term — Algebra, Zoology, Greek and Roman History
or Latin, Language.
"The course for future years is to be fixed hereafter."
December 21, 1880, the Committee on Classification reported
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 25
that there were seven scholars pursuing High School studies — five
in the Kellogg School and two in the San Pablo Avenue School,
and recommended that these classes be united as soon as possible.
In 1882 a complete course of study was adopted, and the High
School was so graded as to allow students to prepare for any
department of the State University. W. W. Anderson was the
first principal.
In July, 1881, the following rule was adopted with reference
to the tuition of outside pupils:
"Non-resident parents or guardians who pay taxes to the town
of Berkeley shall be entitled to send, free of charge, one pupil
belonging to their own families for every $500 valuation of
Berkeley property on which they pay taxes, and no more."
The sum of $1000 was afterward substituted for $500.
The rate of tuition for other non-resident pupils was fixed at
$11 per term.
In 1884 the High School was placed upon the "accredited list"
by the Faculty of the State University.
In September, 1884, W. W. Anderson resigned as Principal
of the High School. Directors Jones, Palmer and Jebens were
appointed a committee on filling this vacancy, and as a result of
their labors, on September 16, Henry Veghte was elected Principal.
Mr. Veghte continued as Principal until June, 1890, when S. D.
Waterman was elected to the position, which he filled until 1899,
when he was elected Superintendent. Mr. M. C. James was chosen
principal in 1899, and filled the position until 1910. With the
continued growth of the town there has been a corresponding in-
crease in the number of pupils in the High School, the increase
being from 270 enrolled in 189G to over 1000 enrolled in 1917.
On July 9, 1894, a special election as required by law, to
legalize the establishment of the High School was held, and car-
ried by a handsome majority. At the first meeting of the Board
subsequent to the election, the school was formally christened
"The Berkeley High School."
In 1901 the Board of Town Trustees erected the building on
Grove Sti-eet, and it was thought that there would be ample
accommodations for at least ten years, but in three years after
the opening of the school in the new building there was a demand
for more room.
It was determined recently that the best plan for providing for
•>6 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
the lareelv increased numbers who were calling for High School
training would be to establish Manual Training as a part of the
course for those who might elect such work, and to provide the
necessary shops and equipment, as well as an additional building
for the Science Department and an Assembly Hall.
The School District voted bonds for $200,000 for the purpose
of securinjr additional land and for erecting and furnishing the
necessary buildings. ^ t:, ,.
The Board of Education were aided by the Committee of Borty
iippointed bv the Chamber of Commerce and by the different im-
provement clubs in placing the needs of the department before the
people and in carrying the project to a successful vote.
The bonds were purchased by the First National Bank of
Berkeley at a premium of S^^ per cent; plans adopted and the
contract was let for a Class A steel frame and reinforced con-
crete building, to be completed by July, 1908.
In preparing an account of the organization and development
of the entire school system, it is impossible to avoid repetitions
and it is likewise impossible to secure the continuity of arrange-
ment so much to be desired. However, as the High School is under
consideration at the present writing, it will be wise perhaps to fin-
ish as far as possible the account of matters pertaining to this
school.
As has been stated elsewhere, the High School was organized
in the Kellogg School building, but the growth of the tovni was
such that the demands for more room were very urgent. During
the last year of Mr. Anderson's administration in 1883 an addition
of four class rooms was made to the Kellogg building and addi-
tional rooms costing $1900 were built in West Berkeley. In June,
1884, the old Congregational Church building on Choate Street
(now known as Telegraph Avenue), near Dwight Way, was pur-
chaAcd for $1256 and was moved to the rear of the school lot,
the rear of the building being on Allston Way, and the front
opening upon the school yard. This purchase was made possible
when the church completed their new building on the corner of
Dana Street and Durant Avenue.
Later Mr. W. R. Pond purchased from the school board a lot
fronting on Center Street — 51 feet on Center and 100 feet in
depth. This old church building went with the lot. It was moved
forward to Center Street and now forms the second story of
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 27
numbers 2128-2130 Center Street. It is at present the place of
worship of the First Jewish Congregation of Berkeley.
The following letter from Mr. Anderson, written several years
ago gives some additional information. I give his letter just as he
wrote it.
"My Dear Mr. Waterman: —
I am not able to help you very much as I have no data and I
am not sure in what year I went to Berkeley. The records of the
Board will show that. The building was known as the Kellogg
School Building. In the building were the primary and grammar
grades for East and North Berkeley. The teachers were Miss
French, Miss DeWolf and Miss Davis. The High School enroll-
ment was 11 — in most subjects in one class, so that it was not at
all difficult for me to teach all the subjects in addition to the
superintendence of the other rooms. West Berkeley was entirely
independent of us, but under the same Board, but we did not run
upon the same lines of work at all. West Berkeley was graded
as far as possible on the plan of the Oakland schools. They had
a good man, Mr. Horton, as Principal. Our school was not modeled
after any other school on the coast at the time. Believing that
we were virtually independent of the county as much as Oakland,
with the tacit consent of the Board we introduced what is now
so common, the reading of standard books instead of the regular
school readers, and made such other changes as the best authori-
ties advised, so far as circumstances permitted.
At the beginning of the second year. Miss DeWolf became as-
sistant in the High School. When she became Mrs. Slate, Miss
M. A. Kendall succeeded her in the High School. Miss Kendall is
now (1909) in one of the Chicago High Schools.
Miss Bartling was made primary teacher at the end of my
third year and was also made the teacher of Greek Prose Compo-
sition. (This was a combination, surely). She who was Miss
Bartling is now Mrs. Sanford, wife of Prof. Sanford of Clark
University, Worcester, Mass.
Notwithstanding our small school and slender equipment we
were the first accredited High School in the state, Oakland, Low-
ell and Stockton following in the order named. The chairman of
the Board claimed that our accrediting was upon the 'best basis.'
I was surprised to find that we outranked one large school in the
one subject that I was the most dubious about.
28 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
No graduation was the policy of the Board and no diplomas
were piven until a year or two after I left Berkeley to go to Sac-
ramento. I was in Berkeley nearly four years."
Yours very sincerely,
WILLIAM WALKER ANDERSON.
Mr. Anderson resigrned June 30th, 1884. He is still (1917)
occupied in educational work and his academy at Irvington is noted
for excellence in discipline and thoroughness in instruction. Mr.
Henry Veghte became Principal when Mr. Anderson resigned.
The Board of Education now proceeded upon the assumption
that, according to the definition of a city as given in the California
code, Berkeley, though incorporated as a town, is legally and in
fact, a City.
At this time City Boards of Education had authority to appoint
City Boards of Examiners, and these Boards were empowered to
grant "City Certificates" to applicants who passed the required
tests. These "City Certificates" were of greater value to the hold-
ers than either State Certificates or ordinary County Certificates,
as the law provided that persons teaching under them could be re-
moved only upon conviction of incapacity or unprofessional con-
duct, upon charges duly made and upon trial duly conducted.
These "certificates" virtually secured for the holder a life tenure.
To carry out the plan outlined by the Board, Prof. Wm. Cary
Jones was appointed "City Superintendent," for the Town of
Berkeley, on October 7th, 1884.
President W. T. Reid and Professors Kellogg, Rising and Cook,
all of the University, were appointed a "City Board of Examiners."
On October 28th this Board reported that they had granted a
"Hijrh School City Certificate" for the town of Berkeley to
Mr. Henry Veghte, on examination. Later, this certificate was
declared invalid by the Superior Court of Alameda County, Judge
Ellsworth on the bench.
MUSIC IN THE HIGH SCHOOL.
In this school there was always a well organized chorus. Mr.
Vejchte was a fine pianist as well as an all 'round musician. He
waj» very successful as a leader and during these early days of the
life in the High School, vocal music was a prominent and very
■irrecable feature. In fact, in all of the grades, the work in music
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 29
was carried on by the regular teachers and in many instances with
excellent results.
In 1891 a series of musical entertainments and tableaux were
given in Unity Hall for the benefit of the school library.
There were 8 tableaux from "Miles Standish," 8 tableaux from
"Evangeline," and 8 tableaux from "The Hanging of the Crane."
This was the first entertainment given entirely by the pupils
and it was patronized by the entire public. The musical part of
the program was a featux'e not yet forgotten by those who took
part.
THE ORCHESTRA.
In 1892 an orchestra was organized. The first orchestra con-
sisted of thirteen violins, (all first violins, of course), one cornet
that was always one-fourth to one-eighth of a tone flat when
played. We had in addition to this aggregation of talent a big
"Bass Fiddle" played by Vere Hunter. In a short time several of
the violinists concluded that the second violin part was better
suited to their musical attainments and our cornet player learned
how to tune his instrument and also how to play in tune. We
finally settled down to six first violins, seven seconds, one cornet
and the "Bass Fiddle."
At the beginning of the next term we were reinforced by the
addition of two cornets, two trombones, a flute, a clarinet, an oboe,
a 'cello, and two violas. On state occasions Mr. Clarence Merrill
played the flute with our boys and girls and Mr. Frank McClain
played the drums and cjinbals. We were exceedingly fortunate in
having Mr. John S. Drew as leader of the violins. Mr. Drew,
who is now busily engaged in educational work in San Francisco,
was at this time teacher of Science in the Berkeley High School.
Mr. Alva W. Stamper, who taught Mathematics in the High School,
was also of great assistance in the orchestra, as he was very skill-
ful with the trombone. Mr. Stamper is now at the head of the
Mathematical department in the Chico State Normal School. Later
King Sweesy, at that time a student, took his place.
In all we had thirty members and this orchestra furnished the
music for all occasions such as "Class Day" stunts and other stu-
dent entertainments. For "Graduation Exercises," when some-
thing more finished was expected, the Board usually employed
Noah Brandt's Orchestra from San Francisco.
ao
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
After existing for several years, this orchestra disappeared as
suddenly as it had appeared. The leader had become City Super-
intendent of Schools, many of the members had graduated, Mr.
Drew had removed to San Francisco, and Mr. Stamper had gone to
fill an important position in the Chico Normal school, as has al-
ready been stated.
A year or two later an attempt to reorganize was made, but
a practice game of football by the U. C. students was more at-
tractive to most of the members than a dry rehearsal with 7 or 8
violins, a piano and a cornet and the attempted reorganization
failed. This is a sketch of the pioneer work in this line. The
school has now, and has had for several years, an excellent
orchestra under excellent leadership.
At the present time (1917) all of the large schools have well
orjranized orchestras. Miss Hartley, the supervisor, has been un-
tiring in her efforts to bring about this result. She has arranged
for lessons upon the violin, the cornet and the clarinet at a nom-
inal cost for all who are anxious for instruction and a number have
already availed themselves of this opportunity to become pro-
ficient and to form valuable acquisitions to the orchestra of their
own local schools and later to reinforce the orchestra at the High
School.
THE MANDOLIN CLUB.
About the year 1899 six of the boys and a dozen or more girls
orpanized a club for self improvement and general sociability and
for several terms the Mandolin Club was a very successful insti-
tution, but like all amateur organizations that have no leading
force to keep things moving, the interest failed and the club died
quietly and no attempt was made to bring it back to life or to
orjfanize another club in its place.
The school has been fortunate from the very start in the selec-
tion of its corps of teachers. During the earlier years of its exist-
ence while the school was in the old Kellogg building on Center
Street, in the English department we had Miss Bartling and Miss
McLean. While Miss McLean was doing "Settlement work" in
New York City for three years, Miss Ada H. Ramsdell took her
place.
In the Classical line of work Mr. Veghte was an authority.
Since his time Mr. S. D. Waterman, Mr. James D. Meeker, Mr.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 31
M. C. James, Mrs. Stone and Miss Clayes have contributed much
to the success of the school in this department prior to the removal
of the school to the Grove Street building.
In History, Mr. Will Hackley, Miss Ruth Hobson and Miss Eva
v. Carlin established the work on an excellent basis. Miss Carlin,
who was one of the very best in every line of school work, having
been granted a year's leave of absence, visited Europe and when
she returned she brought a complete equipment for her work.
Her room in the new building had been arranged as she would
have it, during her absence, and she entered upon her work with
more than her customary energy. She possessed the happy fac-
ulty of inspiring her pupils with a desire for the best, and those
who were so fortunate as to be under her direct instruction will
give her credit for the high standards that she placed before them
as models and for the excellent character of the instruction that
she gave. She was forced by ill health to resign her position and
after years of suffering she went to partake of the reward of a
good and faithful servant. The school and the community at
large felt the loss. Such teachers are rare and their influence
lives long after their daily presence has departed.
We must also mention the following v/ho were successful work-
ers at this early time:
In Mathematics — Mr. Stamper, Miss Edmonds.
In Science — Miss Edmonds, Mr. John Drew, Mr. T. Sid Elston,
Mr. D. R. Wood.
In French — Prof. E. B. Lamare.
In Spanish — Prof. Gompertz.
In German — Miss Edmonds, Mr. Karl Henrichs.
The Art and Music departments as well as the Domestic
Science and the Manual Training have been fully organized later
and will be mentioned at the proper place. As the school has
continued to increase in numbers and as the courses of study have
been enlarged and new subjects added, additions have been made
to the faculty. The corps of teachers has always been among
the very best in Califoi-nia.
The following have been principals:
Mr. Anderson, until 1884.
Mr. Veghte, from 1884 to 1890.
Mr. Waterman, from 1890 to 1899.
Mr. James, from 1899 to 1910.
38
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Mr. Brink, from 1910 to 1912.
Mr. Biedenbach, from 1912 to — .
It is an interesting study to examine and compare the course
of study of 25 years ago with the extended and elaborate courses
now offered. This will indicate clearly the advance made in the
work of the secondary schools.
Some mention must be made of athletics, debating societies,
and the school paper.
The old cinder track on the campus has been the scene of
many a spirited contest in athletics between the teams from the
different high schools belonging to the A. A. L. (Amateur Athletic
Lea^e). The Berkeley High School still holds the records for
several events won at these contests, but the surprise that fell
upon us when the huskies from Ukiah High School came in
with a dash and took everything in sight was great indeed.
The League managers were selected, one from each school,
and the schools remote from the bay were represented in the
management by proxies. It generally happened that the Oak-
land High School controlled the affairs of the league. The rivalry
between Berkeley and Oakland was very bitter, and the dissatis-
faction increased continually. Each school took advantage of
ever>'thing calculated to advance the interests of its own track
team. This dissatisfaction culminated when the annual Field Day
of the A. A. L. was held on the Olympic grounds in San Francisco.
On the night before the events were to take place, the man-
agers disqualified the "star" performer of the Berkeley team be-
cause it was charged that he became a professional when he
pitched in a game of baseball for pay during the vacation. The
Berkeley people did not know of this action until the news came
accidentally while we were crossing the bay. Then you may imag-
ine that bad blood developed and it really looked as if the affair
would end in a skirmish. However, a compromise was effected
and Spencer was allowed to do his stunts, subject to a later de-
cision of the managers. Under this compromise Berkeley won the
day by many points, but when the Board met they reversed the
decision, threw out all of the points that Spencer had won, and
irave the Field Day to Oakland. From this time the interest in
the league flagged and finally the league itself died a natural
death. Foot Ball, Base Ball and Basket Ball took the place that
the field events had formerly filled. The same rivalry between
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 38
the schools still existed for several years, but it appears now to
have almost disappeared.
DEBATING SOCIETIES.
In the early nineties tvi^o debating societies were organized —
the Forum for the boys, and the Ecclesia for the girls. The mem-
bers of these societies were very enthusiastic. They were sup-
ported for several years by a large percentage of the Student
Body. Yearly contests between the 0. H. S. and the B. H. S.
took place and the results were very evenly balanced. These
contests were held alternately in Shattuck Hall in Berkeley and
in the High School gymnasium in Oakland. The local school
usually gave a reception and banquet to the visiting team.
STUDENT CONTROL.
For two years after Mr. James left the High School in 1910
until 1912, when Mr. Biedenbach was elected principal, the "Stu-
dent Control" idea was thoroughly tested. This test clearly
showed that even with student control there must be a power in
charge of affairs, to regulate and suggest. With the advent of
the new principal, however, the entire system of discipline was
remodeled.
A pamphlet explaining the handling of the various activities
in the administration of the school has been prepared. Extracts
from this pamphlet are given below. The following subjects are
treated here:
"The Advisory System."
"School Journalism."
"The School Assembly."
"The Dramatic Club."
"The Method of Handling School Money."
"Athletics."
"Music."
THE ADVISORY SYSTEM.
The advisory system aims to bring about in the large high
school that close connection between the faculty and the student
which occurs naturally in the smaller schools, but which is not
found in the larger schools unless a definite effort is made to
secure it. As conducted in the Berkeley High School the method
is briefly this:
34 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
"The entire student body is divided into sections of the same
jrrade, approximately twenty-five members each. The boys and
the g-irls are in separate sections. These sections are formed when
the class first enters the school and remain the same for the entire
three years. This arrangement is an important factor in securing
the success of the plan, as it affords the opportunity for the adviser
to become thoroughly acquainted with the members of his section.
The duties of the adviser are varied. In the first place, he helps
the students to plan their high school course. In Berkeley, where
a very large proportion of the high school graduates enter the
University, this means that the adviser be familiar with the courses
offered by the University and with the group of subjects re-
quired in the high school for entrance to these courses. In any
community the adviser should know the requirement for entering
the higher educational institutions and the various fields of work
open to high school graduates in that community. The Advisory
System thus becomes a simple and practical form of vocational
guidance.
"The adviser must at all times be aware of the quality of the
work being done by his students. The report cards which are fur-
nished three times each semester give him the required informa-
tion.
"Each student is responsible to his adviser for his absence from
school. In case of tardiness or absence, immediate communica-
tion with the parents has been most effective.
"There is a fifteen-minute advisory period every day, this
period coming in the middle of the morning. At times when there
is a general assembly meeting, the students are seated in the audi-
torium with their advisers.
"All general notices are read at this period, thus making it
possible for the Principal, through the advisers, to direct student
opinion and student action in the most effective way."
From this synopsis, though brief, the value in a large school
of a system as outlined above will be seen. It is essential to good
discipline and successful management.
SCHOOL JOURNALISM.
The "Olla Podrida" has had a varied success since the first num-
ber was i.ssued and there have been very many creditable issues.
However, a large proportion of poor issues not in the least repre-
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 35
senting the best in the life of the school, with poorly printed pages,
of poorly written articles, questionable jokes and cartoons and a
generally careless way of "doing things," led to a complete change
in the management.
In the earlier years of its existence some of the business man-
agers developed into very skillful financial agents and the ex-
perience during these years, when the success of the year
depended upon the advertising patronage, doubtless contributed to
their success later. A good paper is of great service in keeping
the school spirit active and in informing the public of the varied
activities of the school life. The "OUa Pod" is now published
semi-annually and is the illustrated review of the school life. It
is published without advertisements and relies upon the subscrip-
tions of the pupils for its support.
"Since the spring of 1912 the Berkeley High School has pub-
lished the 'Weekly News' every Monday morning. This news-
paper aims to present concise accounts of recent school events and
through its news and editorial columns to unify and uplift the
students' various interests. A fee of one dollar collected annually
from each pupil includes a subscription to the paper. Eight local
advertisements furnish its weekly income. The funds connected
with this department are carefully audited the same as all of the
other funds and a strict business air is seen in all the business
departments of the school. Assisting the editor and manager are
a staff of eight students, a faculty adviser, and the auditor. Only
those who have completed the course in High School Journalism
are eligible to become candidates for the office of either manager
or editor. No article may be printed without the sanction of the
faculty adviser. Five issues of the 'Weekly News' are published
by the class in Journalism, the members electing their manager,
editor, and assistants. Practice in Writing, Preparing Copy,
Proof Reading and Distributing are thus given. The class also
acts as a publicity committee, preparing press notices for the local
and the city papers, and posters and programs for all of the school
activities that require them.
"One of the most delicate problems with this and all other
school activities is to see that the faculty adviser shall not rob
the students of their initiative or originality nor blight the original
spontaneity of youth.
"There is no doubt that there should always be a teaching repre-
86 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
sentative working with the school staff in all student activities.
"The course in High School Journalism is an elective one,
which may be substituted for High English 11, and it is open to
pupils who receive first or second grade in the English work of
the preceding tei-m. No text book is used, the class making their
own manual.
"The 'Weekly News' has always yielded a surplus. After pay-
ing the expenses of printing and an allowance of $1.50 each per
week to the manager and the editor, the balance of the surplus
is used to meet any deficit incurred in the publication of the
•Olio Pod.' "
SCHOOL ASSEMBLIES.
"One of the most effective ways of keeping a school unified,
in spite of its large numbers is the school Assembly. Every
Tuesday morning the entire school gathers in the auditorium for a
twenty minute period of singing. Faculty and pupils, under the
direction of the music teacher and accompanied by the High School
orchestra, join in singing familiar songs, among which are two
original songs by High School pupils. The purpose of this as-
.sembly singing is not so much musical instruction as social fellow-
ship and good feeling.
"The Friday assembly is a means of keeping pupils and teachers
acquainted with the varied interests and pursuits of one another.
"A fifteen minute program is presented by some department or
organization of the school, and for this brief but significant period
of time the school thinks and feels as one organic whole and that
intangible thing we call school spirit finds expression.
"At first it was somewhat difficult to find pupils willing to take
part in these programs and to face so large an audience, but
today various groups of pupils such as the Forum, the Camera
Club and the staff of the school paper are asking to be scheduled
for certain Fridays, that they may present matters of importance
to the other pupils.
"These semi-weekly assemblies have become a strong power
for knitting together the different parts of a large school in
bonds of mutual interest and respect.
"Ba.shful, retiring pupils have been brought to the front — a
desire to share experiences and joys with one another has been
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 37
cultivated — breadth of sympathy has been established — and loyalty
has been created."
THE DRAMATIC CLUB.
"The Dramatic Club is the outcome of young people's natural
fondness for taking part in plays and the teachers' wish to encour-
age for educational and social reasons, an instinct so natural and
beautiful and so conducive to a rich artistic life in school. Mem-
bership in this club is open to the whole school, and there are
no dues. All the expenses of staging a play are easily met, with
a small balance over by the proceeds from the twenty-five cent
admission price to the performance.
"The object of the club is to present a Shakespeare play every
spring in a sincere and lovely manner that shall give pleasure of
a fine type to the participants and to the audience. This play
represents the work and interests of many departments of the
school, and is, therefore, an evidence of the spirit of co-operation.
"The Art Department designs the costumes and the Household
Arts Department makes them; the Mechanical Arts Department
assists in building the stage properties; the Commercial Depart-
ment manages the financial end; the Science Department assists
in any electric lighting effects; the Physical Education Department
has charge of the dancing; the Music Department furnishes the
orchestra and tx-ains for any music necessary upon the stage;
the English Department does the coaching and has general super-
vision of the staging of the play; and the Class in Journalism and
the school paper see that the play is properly advertised, in the
local papers.
"The uniting of so many groups of teachers and pupils in the
production of a beautiful and noble drama, does much for the
uplifting of school life."
THE METHOD OF HANDLING SCHOOL MONEY.
"Every school activity has a teacher in charge, who is respon-
sible for its proper administration. In the handling of school
money, the auditor, who is a member of the faculty has a corps
of students in advanced bookkeeping, who do the actual entering
and handling of money under his supervision. All the work that
can be done by the student cashiers, tellers, bookkeepers, and
286735
18 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
clerks is put in their charge and they are responsible for the
correctness of what they do.
"This method of supervision is not an end in itself. The
result soupht is democracy in school life and the training of those
who participate by those whose experience and skill fit them to
handle the activity. The strict supervision of all student dues,
payments, and accounting has this equality and training for its
object. Colloctions are handled so that all contribute, not merely
the few. The sum that each student has to pay in the course of
the year is easily within the reach of all.
"There are no admission fees to games and no assessments.
Class dues are allowed in the Senior Class only.
"In addition to acting as cashier and bookkeeper for the school
the auditor is charged with enforcing the rules governing the
finances. He is not only a bookkeeper, but an administrative offi-
cer as well, who is responsible for the financial system of the
school. All school moneys from whatever source must pass
through the auditor's hands."
Several pages in the pamphlet mentioned are devoted to the
details involved but the above extract is sufficient to make the
general plan plain.
During the present year up to the present date, December 5,
1917, nearly $3,000 have been raised in connection with the war
calls.
ATHLETICS.
Athletics are a part of the Department of Physical Education.
The Physical Director is head "coach" of all branches of athletics,
i. e., he picks the men who shall do the coaching and outlines the
policy to be followed. The captains of the teams are the real
roaches. The managing of all teams is in the hands of the Physical
Director. He fixes the times for all games, appoints the officials
and selects all athletic material to be bought for the school.
This system of athletic control brings out many improvements.
In the first place, more boys have an opportunity to take part in
athletics; secondly, a more gentlemanly set of boys are likely
to represent the school, and there appears in the school a much
finer spirit and a unity of purpose that was lacking, under the
old system.
The five high schools of Oakland, Alameda, and Berkeley have
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 39
a league for the purpose of regulating inter-school activities —
especially athletics. The control of this league has been put into
the hands of the five physical directors of the schools. This league
takes the place of the old A. A. L., mention of which has already
been made. The definite management outlined here takes the
place of the very crude management of the old league.
This committee not only arranges for inter-school games but
it also selects officials, chooses the field, fixes the time, etc. In
fine, it has the entire control of the whole course in athletics,
of course, under the immediate supervision of the Physical
Director.
MUSIC.
I have written about music in the schools at an early date.
What follows as a quotation from the pamphlet already men-
tioned gives the condition of this important branch in the High
School of today. One of the first advanced steps that followed the
change in the management was the securing of a place among the
matriculation units at the University. This action, which was
brought about by the combined efforts of the Principal of the
school and the Supervisor of Music, gave a great incentive to the
music work in the school and prepared the way for great things
in this department.
"The music department teaches all branches of music to its
regular pupils and also has charge of all music connected with
the student activities. This controls the type of music for all
occasions and sets a proper standard for popular music. By this
method the best results are obtained without friction. In fact, a
low type of music is no longer a question for discussion either by
the student body or by those who furnish the music.
"The high school band, composed of twenty-five members,
furnishes music for student rallies and games, and occasionally
plays concerts in the auditorium and in the courtyard. The band
music consists chiefly of good marches and school songs, although
standard selections and overtures are worked up for concerts.
The result of placing the music teacher of the school at the head
of the band and orchestra has been to raise the standard of music
played by both organizations. The music department believes in
the best music for students, suited, of course, to the musical com-
prehension of the high school student age.
40
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
"In the choral work, special attention is paid to tone quality.
No harsh, forced singing is permitted, and careful attention to
ihe details of phrasing, expression, and enunciation has resulted in
chorus singing of considerable polish in these classes.
"All students in ensemble singing or playing are trained to
watch and obev the director's baton and free hand. This training
shows to excellent advantage in the orchestra where each instru-
ment must fit exactly into its own place in the music. No careless
playing is permitted among the violins where the tendency toward
carelessness is usually strongest, and the bowing is carefully
watched by the director. Each student-player is held to his high-
est efficiency in execution by the director who insists on true in-
tonation, and works for correct and artistic interpretation. This
has produced an orchestra said by conservative critics to be ex-
celled by no other of its kind in the country. The high school
orchestra furnishes music for all of the school exercises and
entertainments.
"By having all of the musical organizations which exert an
influence upon the pupils act in harmony and quietly uphold the
best standards, the taste of the whole school has been elevated and
the demand for the lower types of music, which is so strong in
high schools generally, has practically ceased."
Mrs. Sweesy, in her last report of the music department used
the following:
"I am sorry that we have not an accredited music section in
our High School. I hope in the near future that our school board
will find a place for it, for while we may forget nine-tenths of all
our grammar and geography, and while physics and Latin may
ucarcely be mentioned, \\'e will always have an ever-increasing use
for our knowledge and appreciation of music." What the Super-
visor and Superintendent would have had, the new Supervisor and
the Principal have secured for the school and the pupils as an
incentive to the study of the noblest of Arts.
A report of music in connection with the public schools would
not be complete without a mention of the "Children's Concerts."
R<-ali7.ing the great educational, as well as cultural value, of
good music in any community, the Berkeley Board of Education
in the year 1911 authorized a series of Young People's Concerts.
This action resulted from the very successful work of the Berke-
liv Mii«iral Association in furnishing for several years the oppor-
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 41
tunity for the adult members of the community to listen to the
finest vocal and instrumental artists at a reasonable price.
In order to extend this work so that the children might receive
the benefit and pleasure to be derived from an organized effort m
this direction, these concerts were announced.
For seven years, Mr. Edwin Chamberlain, a concert singer and
vocal teacher of note in the community, has successfully managed
these concerts without remuneration. His efforts have been
heartily seconded by the Supervisor of Music and the entire corps
of principals and teachers. These concerts are supported entirely
by subscription. During the first year, four concerts were given
for fifty cents, making it possible for the young people to hear first
class artists for fifteen cents.
Each year finds the children more enthusiastic than they were
the year before. In this, the seventh year the number of sub-
scriptions has so increased that it has been possible to offer a
series of five concerts for fifty cents. Subscriptions are sold to
children only. A few adults are admitted for fifty cents a concert.
Mr. David Bispham, America's best loved baritone, opened the
first series. Since then other artists have been heard in solo or
ensemble work of voice, strings and reeds. Even full orchestras
have been heard and twice have the children heard the dainty
sweet music of the Harpsichord.
As the music of the community is raised to a higher standard
so will the mental and moral life of the children in the com-
munity be raised. Berkeley has been the pioneer in this move-
ment. Since the plan has been so successful here, other cities are
trying the same.
Not only have these concei'ts been a source of great benefit
and enjoyment to the children, but each visiting artist has been
amazed and has thoroughly enjoyed the rapt attention and keen
appreciation of his efforts.
THE ALLSTON WAY SCHOOL.
This building was erected in 1898 by Phil Sheridan for a little
more than $1,800. Mr. Sheridan was not really the lowest bidder
but he was the only one who had enclosed a check for 10 per cent
of the amount of his bid, according to law. All other bids were
rejected on this account. This building was built to relieve the
pressure in the 6th, 7th and 8th grades in the central part of the
42 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
city. Departmental work was introduced and Latin under the
instruction of Mrs. Hubbard was made an optional study for the
8th trrade.
In 1899, this was made a special school for all of the 9th
grades in the eastern part of the city. Mr. Arthur Elston was the
Principal and teacher of Mathematics; Miss Helen Gompertz, (now
Mrs. LeConte), succeeded Mrs. Hubbard as teacher of Latin; Miss
Rosemary Dobbins was the teacher of History and Miss Helena
Curtis was the teacher of Eng:lish. When the 9th grade classes
were transferred to the new high school building on Grove Street,
this building was used for other grades. A short time before the
transfer was made Mr. Elston resigned and Mr. Roy J. Young
took his place as principal and teacher for half a day.
In .\ugust. 1901, after the transfer, Miss May Sampson, now
Dr. Sampson, and Miss Margaret Webb came from the Whittier
School with the seventh and eighth grades, and Miss Webb was
made principal. Later, Miss Amelia Newmark came to the school
with a sixth grade. In August, 1902, Miss Susie Johnson, now a
member of the Board of Charities in New York City, took Miss
Sampson's place, and Miss Rachel Lothrop was added to the
faculty.
For a time two rooms in the Commercial school building were
used. Miss Farwell, now of the Willard school, Miss Nettie Meek,
Miss Zinie Kidder and Miss Edna Robinson taught here.
The Allston Way building was sometimes called "Fort
Sumpter."
After remaining closed for a time the building was leased to
Durgin and Gompertz and used by them for undertaking parlors.
In 1912 the interior was remodeled and fitted up for a general
administration building. Here are located the Superintendent's
office, the Board of Education rooms, the Dental Clinic, etc.
So this little building has been of great service to both living
and dead during the twenty years of its existence.
What is now the Commercial department of the High School
was organized as a commercial school in Shattuck Hall in 1899,
with A. W. Atherton as principal. Later, the school was moved
to Golden Sheaf Hall and when the High School vacated the Kel-
lojrg building and took up its abode in the new building on Grove
Street the Commercial School at once made use of the old building.
At first the success of the school was varied owing to the eccen-
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 43
tricities of the principal in his mode of management, but in 1892.
Atherton resig-ned and Mr. and Mrs. Longenecker took charge, and
from that time success was assured. In 1906, after the earth-
quake, in order to make room for the High School classes which
were thrown out of the use of their own building for the year,
the Commercial classes were transferred to Wilken's Hall, which
had been rented by the Board. As this proved to be wholly inade-
quate, in August the school was moved again, this time to Stiles'
Hall. As the audience room in the second story was used for
religious services on Sunday, an entire change in the arrangement
of the seats had to be made on Friday night and again early on
Monday morning. This arrangement was anything but satisfac-
tory, but in January everything was changed for the better by the
return of the Commercial classes to the old Kellogg building.
In 1909 it became in reality a department of the High School and
was transferred to the new building on Allston Way. It has be-
come one of the most efficient and popular departments.
"The Commercial Department aims to train for certain busi-
ness pursuits. The courses offered are planned to give thorough
training to stenographers and office employees. Students who ex-
pect to follow other business vocations can profitably take most of
the courses; for the fundamentals of business are alike in all fields,
and these fundamentals are the basis of department courses.
Clear, forcible English, legible penmanship, accurate computations,
good type-writing, sound business judgment, and a knowledge of
business procedure and practice are necessities in all fields of busi-
ness. Students intending to enter the University will usually find
some of the commercial courses of more than ordinary value.
Type-writing and stenography with a thorough knowledge of Eng-
lish may be made the means of earning one's way through college.
"The courses as arranged in this department are intensely
thorough and practical. All of the most approved methods are em-
ployed, with the result that our Commercial Department is as good
as the best.
"The system of banking and of keeping the accounts of the re-
ceipts and disbursements of all school moneys is simple but
accurate. Every branch of instruction in this as well as of all
of the departments of the school, is in the immediate charge of
experts in every particular line of work and the results have given
the community a school second to none in the state."
44 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER V
THE SUPERINTENDENTS
In 1884, Prof. W. Gary Jones served for nearly one month.
In 1897, Mr. F. E. Perham came from Santa Ana in response
to a unanimous call from the Board, as they now realized that the
welfare of the department demanded the entire time of an expert
in superintending the work, one who could give his entire time to
supervision. Up to this time, the principal of the High School
had indirect charge of all the other schools, and the questions
pertaining to supplies, repairs and all other matters of general
value to the schools were passed up to him. Mr. Perham brought
many excellent things to the department. The course of study
was enlarged and modernized, especial attention being given to
Reading and Literature. The general English course as out-
lined by Mr. Perham has been the basis of the English course
in the grades ever since. In 1899, he became Principal of the
Stockton High School and Mr. S. D. Waterman was elected to fill
the vacancy.
Mr. Waterman served from 1899 until 1908, a term of 9 years.
During his term the modern High School was developed and the
work begun by the former superintendent was continued. Modern
language courses. Music, Art, Domestic Science, Domestic Arts
and Manual Training found a welcome. It required incessant
labor and persistent effort to secure the adoption of these branches
that had now become essentials, but one by one they came, and
furnished an excellent foundation for the present course. The
active co-operation of principals and teachers and the hearty sup-
port of the Board of Education during these years made the suc-
ce.i8 of the schools a reality rather than a possibility. As the
adoption of these branches was extended to the lower grades a
more complete account of the adoption of each will be found
under the proper heads.
After the earthquake of April 18th, 1906. the work of the
superintendent was doubled. It had been for a long time the
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 45
custom of the Board to refer many things that the regular com-
mittees ought to have attended to, to the superintendent "with
power to act."
Looking after defective sewers, broken stove pipes, furnaces
that gave insufficient heat, and crippled furniture and other work
of this sort, instead of being a Superintendent pure and simple,
in addition to the legitimate work of the Executive officer of the
Board, rendered the position anything but easy.
Then, at this time the influx from San Francisco and the
crippled condition of our own department caused additional
labor.
So the Superintendent in addition to the regular duties of
supervising the educational affairs of the schools became a sort of
"Roust About" for the Board. It was often difficult to find the
proper person to do work that had to be done "at once" and it
was often easier and more expeditious to do the work one's self,
than to spend the time trying to find someone to do it.
To illustrate : One Saturday before the opening of the school
on Monday following the Christmas vacation, the Superintendent
spent the morning in taking up the desks in one of the rooms in
the Seventh Street School building. In the afternoon of the same
day, with the assistance of the janitor these desks were fastened
down in their proper places in the Franklin School ready for use
on the following Monday. This work was not, and should not
have been, a part of the Superintendent's billet, but it came as a
result of referring "with power to act."
Mr. Waterman resigned one year before the expiration of
his term, to take the principalship of the Whittier School. Presi-
dent Lewis of the School Board in his annual report in June, 1908,
referring to this action, used the following language:
"After 18 years of faithful service, Mr. Waterman in accord-
ance with his own wishes retires from the Superintendency to be-
come the Principal of the Whittier School, where the work is less
exacting and where, above all else, he can come into closer con-
tact with the children."
Mr. F. F. Bunker, assistant Superintendent of the Los Angeles
City Schools, was elected to succeed him. At once Mr. Bunker was
given all the additional help required in the office so that he was
enabled to devote his entire time to the real work of a super-
intendent. His training, energy, and success in the North and
46 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
elsewhere gave every assurance of success here. The superinten-
dent's office was moved from 2171 Shattuck Avenue, to more
commodious rooms in the new High School building on Allston
Way. At the request of Mr. Bunker, the Board appointed Miss
.Alma Patterson, supervisor of the Elementary schools, in 1910.
She ser^•ed for only two years, having accepted a call to a larger
field of work.
Dr. E. B. Hoag was appointed Director of Physical Culture and
Hygiene, and served from 1909 until 1912.
Wilford W. Nichols was appointed Secretary of the Board in
July, 1909. He resigned to go into business in February, 1910.
In 1910, upon the recommendation of Mr. Bunker, Mr. M. C.
James was appointed Secretary of the Board of Education and
Deputy Superintendent. Mr. James held this office until he was
elected Superintendent in 1912. Mr. Brink succeeded Mr. James
as Principal of the High School.
Early in 1912, a majority of the Board consisting of Mrs.
Carlisle, Mr. H. I. Stern and Mr. J. A. Wilson, notified Mr. Bunker
formally that he would not be re-elected. In a communication
addressed to the Board, Mr. Bunker refused to withdraw from the
candidacy. He appealed to the people in an attempt to recall
these members and was defeated. Mr. James became Superinten-
dent in 1912, and was re-elected in 1916. His administration is
fair and conservative, and the general management has never
been more successful and satisfactory than it has been since 1912.
Even during the period of rapid grow^th and the chronic shortage
of funds every demand upon the ability and judgment of the
Superintendent has been most satisfactorily met.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
47
CHAPTER VI
THE BERKELEY SCHOOL BOARD
Prof. Martin Kellogg, Martin Dale, William H. Johnson, Henry
Bruns, and Prof. W. B. Rising, composed the first School Board,
organized in 1878. Since that time until the year 1895, the
following named gentlemen, in addition to those above named
served on the Board at different times:
H. A. Palmer George A. Norton
W. Bunce Chris Johnson
J. W. Byxbee W. B. Stevens
Geo. W. Dornin C. H. Burr
Chauncey Gaines B. F. Bergen
J. J. Braman J. B. Henley
H. C. Kastens R. W. Andrews
H. McGaskill Dr. J. S. Eastman
C. W. Wright Dr. Frank B. Cone
Fairfax H. Wheelan John Squires
Samuel Heyward John Finn
William McCleave A. L. Ott
M. C. Chapman C. Engebretsen
J. W. Richards J. W. Kline
Geo. M. Robertson Henry W. Taylor
H. B. Berryman Edw. Niehaus
Geo. Jebens George Swain
Philip Teare
By the adoption of the charter in 1895, a change was made in
the School Board, the number being increased from 6 to 7, one
from each ward. From 1895 to 1909 the wards were represented
as follows:
First Ward.
George M. Robertson 1895-1899
W. K. Weir 1899-1907
Dr. Farrar 1907-1909
48 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Second Ward.
Prof. E. J. Wickson 1895-1905
Prof. E. P. Lewis 1905-1909
Third Ward.
P. R. Boone 1895-1899
J. R. Little 1899-1903
W. A. L. Knowles 1903-1906
R. T. Crawford 1906-1909
Fourth Ward.
Georpe Swain 1895-1896
H. L. Tisdale 1896-1899
Dr. W. Allen 1899-1905
H. S. Haseltine 1905-1907
Roy J. Young 1907-1909
Fifth Ward.
George A. Norton 1895-1896
J. S. Crew 1896-1899
A. T. Sutherland 1899-1909
Sixth Ward
E. F. Niehaus 1895-1901
J. J. Donohue 1901-1905
E. L. Loring 1905-1909
Seventh Ward.
C. Engebretsen 1895-1899
George H. Phillips 1899-1905
Wm. J. Schmidt 1903-1907
J. J. Donohue 1907-1909
Under the present charter which went into effect in 1909, the
Board has consisted of five members, four elected at large, and
the Commissioner of Finance who is an ex-officio member of the
School Board. The first Board under this charter consisted of
the following members: Prof. Morgan, R. A. Berry, ex-officio,
R. J. Young. E. L. Loring, and Mrs. Elinor Carlisle. The next
election made some changes in the personnel of the Board. The
new Board consisted of H. I. Stern, President, Prof. Morgan, R. J.
Young, Mrs. Carlisle and Mr. J. A. Wilson, ex-officio. This Board
failed to re-elect Mr. Bunker. After the recall failed to carry,
directors Morgan and Young resigned from the Board. Mr.
Herbert Briggs was appointed in place of Morgan, and Mr. Frank
He>'ward was appointed in the place of Young. The Board then
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 49
consisted of Mi-s. Carlisle, Messrs Stern, Heyward, Brij^gs, and
Wilson ex-officio. Mrs. Carlisle resigned in February, 1913, and
Mrs. Elizabeth Witter was appointed to fill the unexpired term
ending in April. At the April election, Mrs. Moody was elected
to fill Mrs. Witter's place. Directors Briggs and Heyward retired
from the Board and their places were filled by Mrs. Elvina Beals
and Dr. Roy I. Woolsey.
In 1915, Mr. Walter A. Gompertz became ex-officio a member
of the Board, and Mrs. Carrie H. Gibbs and Prof. W. B. Herms
succeeded Mrs. Moody and Mr. Stern.
In December, 1916, the Board consisted of the following:
Prof. W. R. Herms, President
W. A. Gompertz, ex-officio
Dr. Roy I. Woolsey
Mrs. Elvina Beals
Mrs. Carrie H. Gibbs
Since July 1st, 1917, the following has been the status of the
Board:
Prof. W. B. Herms, President
W. A. Gompertz, ex-officio
Dr. Roy I. Woolsey
Mrs. Ida M. Blochman
Mrs. Carrie H. Gibbs
Mr. George P. Baxter was elected Commissioner of Finance
and thus he becomes ex-officio a member of the School Board
in place of Mr. Gompertz, who resigned in November, 1917.
Prof. Herms entered the military service of the LTnited States,
and Dr. Roy I. Woolsey was elected President of the Board. The
vacancy in the Board was filled by the appointment of Prof. W. W.
Kemp.
50 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER VII
BONDS AND SPECIAL TAX
In 1889, and again in 1890, the question of bonding the town
for school purposes was agitated, but nothing definite was done
until 1891, when bonds to the amount of $50,000 were issued and
sold.
The following lots were purchased:
Corner of Virginia and Milvia Streets.
Corner of Ninth and Page Streets.
Corner of Eighth Street and Allston Way.
Corner of Ellsworth and Russell Streets.
University Avenue, below Sacramento.
Dwight Way, near Dana.
The contract for the erection of three six-room buildings, the
Whittier, the Columbus and the Le Conte, was let on the 23rd of
June and these buildings were completed and occupied in the fall
of 1892.
In April, 1896, a proposition for bonding for the sum of $60,-
000 was lost by the following vote:
For 637
Against 422
Irregular 7
Total 1066
Necessary to carry 711
On March 26th, 1898, a special bond election for $60,000 was
lost by the following vote:
For 581
Against 528
Irregular 28
Total 1137
Necessary to carry 759
On March 6th, 1900, Director Little reported that the Board
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 51
of Town Trustees had been asked to call an election for $100,00:
$70,000 for the High School and $30,000 for the Elementary
schools. This election was held on May 8th, 1900. The Primary
and Grammar School proposition carried and the High School
proposition was defeated. (This was a Municipal and not a School
Board proposition.)
On January 2Gth, 1906, bonds for $320,000 were carried by
the following vote:
$200,000 — High School For, 576; Against, 267.
100,000 — Elementary For, 666; Against, 176.
20,000 — Repairs to High School.. ..For, 713; Against, 132.
The success of this election was assured by the active assist-
ance of the Chamber of Commerce and the "Committee of 40."
The $160,000 for the elementary school bonds included Manual
Training and Domestic Science. (This is important to remember.)
On February 25th, 1905, bonds to the amount of $150,000
were carried by the following vote:
For 881
Against 198
Early in 1907 a proposition for $200,000 for elementary
schools and $50,000 to finish the High School Auditorium failed
to carry by the following vote:
For 645
Against 353
Immediately afterwards another election for a like amount
was carried as follows:
$200,000 for Elementary Schools For, 2083 ; Against, 845.
50,000 for repairs to High School For, 2068; Against, 851.
On May 6th, 1911, a bond election for $400,000 as follows
was defeated:
Grammar Schools $320,000— For, 1047; Against, 1307
High School 50,000 — For, 1175; Against, 1284
Kindergartens 30,000 — For, 900; Against, 1567
On the 14th of February, 1914, a bond election for $1,320,000
was lost. The vote was as follows:
$1,080,000 — Elementary For, 4319; Against, 2692
240,000— High School For, 4235; Against, 2700
On January 15th, 1915, Municipal bonds for $500,000 were
carried, and lots were purchased as follows:
52 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Claremont for John Muir School
Orejron Street for the Edison School
University Avenue for the Burbank School
Rose Street for the Garfield School
Telegraph Avenue for the Willard School
The vote was as follows For, 6235; Against, 2465.
Receipts.
Sale of bonds $500,000.00
Premium 12,857.00
Sale of old buildings 4,100.50
From city general fund 22,527.25
Total $539,485.45
Disbursements.
For lots $215,909.47
For buildings 289,938.49
For equipment 18,659.00
Total $524,506.96
Balance on hand June 30th, 1916 $14,978.49
This sum was left for grading, furnishing and equipment. In
addition to this, the plans for the Garfield School call for six
rooms in the second story, but shortage of funds compelled the
Board either to delay the completion of this building, or to run
short of funds for equipping the buildings already completed. It
was determined to use the money for equipment, and thus the
mo.st rapidly growing part of Berkeley, must be handicapped for
neces.sary school accommodations until some time in the dim future
when the finances of the Board are in condition to warrant the
necessary expenditure.
OUTSTANDING INDEBTEDNESS.
July 1st, 1917.
Municipal Bonds.
January-July, 1900 $100,000 $ 60,000
January. 1915 500,000 475,000
High School Bonds.
1907— For new building $200,000 $100,000
For repairs to old bldgs. 20,000 10,000
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 53
1908 — For finishing? auditorium 50,000 40,000
Total High School bonds outstanding $151,000
Grammar School Bonds.
1906 $150,000 $115,000
1907 100,000 77,500
1908 200,000 160,000
Total Grammar School Bonds outstanding $352,500
SPECIAL TAX.
Immediately after the bond election of April, 1896, which
failed to carry, the Board called for an election for a special tax
for $22,500. The election was held May 16th, 1896, and was
carried by the following vote: For, 560; Against, 208.
On May 16th, 1903, a special tax election for $25,000 was
carried by the following vote: For, 409; Against, 61.
This money was for building additional rooms at the Whittier,
Le Conte, and McKinley Schools, and the purchase of a lot east
of College Avenue and south of Dwight Way. A lot on Russ
Street was purchased, and afterwards exchanged for the present
site of the Emerson School, corner of Forrest and Piedmont
Avenues.
54 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER VIII
MUSIC
As early as 1880, Mr. Starr proposed to teach singing in all the
schools for $30 a month. For a number of years the individual
teachers did what they could, but finally it became evident to all
that more definite outline work must be arranged in order to
secure anything like the best results. The Superintendent and
those members of the Board who favored supervision in Music,
and Drawing as well, worked patiently for years to bring about
the election of Supervisors. Miss Gearhart had been elected to
the Department of Drawing the year before. The election of a
Supervisor of Music came about very unexpectedly as the proposi-
tion had already been passed upon by the Board and had been
voted down.
The Superintendent was sitting in his office one morning when
a lady walked briskly in, and it was evident from her manner
that business was at hand. Conversation something as follows
took place:
LADY: "Is this Mr. Waterman, the Superintendent of
Schools?"
MR. W. : "The same. I am pleased to meet you. Please be
seated."
LADY: "I am Mrs. Sweesy, of Pasadena. I have been at-
tending summer school in Chicago. Miss Gearhart, your Super-
visor of Drawing has been with me and she urged me to visit
Berkeley on my way home and apply for the position as Super-
visor of Music in Berkeley.
"We have worked together in Pasadena for years, and I am
Hure that the city will get more than value received if we can
work together in this beautiful city, each in her own chosen field."
MR. W.: "Well, Mrs. Sweesy, I am very sorry, but I am
quite sure that there is not the ghost of a chance now. The
Board have just voted the proposition down and I feel that their
action is final, at least for the present year."
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 55
MRS. S. : "I should like very much to meet some of the mem-
bers of your Board. Perhaps, if there is no opportunity for the
present year, there may be later."
MR. W. : "I shall be pleased to introduce you to the mem-
bers that we can find, but they are all busy men and the Board
meets tonight, and this is the time to 'make hay.' I will do all
in my power to secure a reversal of their vote."
Mrs. Sweesy had remarkable success in Pasadena and pre-
sented most telling credentials, and more important than all else
she has a very convincing personality. After the formality of an
introduction, and a brief statement of the case, Mr. Little, who
was the President of the Board asked, "Well, Mrs. Sweesy, what
will this hilarity cost us?" Her reply, that she always expected
her employers to name the compensation, secured his support and
following his advice she met as many of the Board as possible, and
that night was elected unanimously. Director Sutherland, a
musician himself, and always a firm supporter of the idea of
good supervision, in an earnest appeal urged the Board not to
allow an opportunity of securing what the department had needed
for so long a time to pass by without favorable action.
For five years Mrs. Sweesy's work was of the most efficient
type. She established the department upon a firm basis, and when
she retired all who were familiar with the situation felt that the
schools had lost a valuable helper. Some of the members of the
Board who were really in favor of retrenchment, felt that this
was their opportunity. They tried to have the work carried on
by the Grade teachers independently, but finally they were in-
duced to re-establish the Department of Vocal Music, and Miss
Victorine Hartley was chosen to fill the vacancy, in 1906.
The following extract is taken from the report of the Super-
intendent for the year ending June 30th, 1906:
"The work in Music under the supervision of Mrs. Sweesy has
been all that could reasonably be expected. When we sum up
the results of her labors with the children of Berkeley, the
success of her efforts is apparent. We have choruses and two
or three part songs rendered by the school children in a manner
that cannot be excelled in the State. It is with great regi-et that
we have received her resignation from the position she has filled
so acceptably for years.
"I respectfully urge upon the Board the necessity of providing
56 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
a supen'isor for this department as soon as the proper person
can be found. We cannot afford, as a department which claims
to be at all pro^-essive, to neglect this. If the members of the
Board individually knew exactly what music is doing, and has
already done for the schools, there would be no dissenting voice.
The teachers of the department understand fully the value of
singinjr in the school, as a civilizer, a character-builder, and a
disciplinary agent, and they are a unit for supervision. It trains
the eye arid ear, strengthens and modifies the voice, thus aiding
materially in making good readers and speakers, and is a neces-
sary factor in developing the best that is in the boy or girl. Be-
sides this, it is general in its practice. There is hardly a pupil in
any of our classes who does not hail with delight the exercise in
singing.
"Music and Drawing are among the branches that must be
taught. The State law fixes this beyond question. How to pro-
vide the most effective instruction in these branches is what we
are called upon to determine. I am convinced that careful super-
vision by experts is the only means by which the best result can be
secured, and I hope that very soon the Board may be able to
provide adequate supervision in each of these departments."
During the year 1904, under Mrs. Sweesy's management, a con-
cert was given by nearly 1000 children, in the Greek Theater, the
use of which was kindly given by Pres. Wheeler. By this con-
cert, over $700 were secured for the children's room of the new
Carnegie Library. The children presented a fine clock to the
juvenile room in commemoration of this concert.
Mi.<?s Hartley has organized her department thoroughly, and
with her corps of excellent workers in the different schools the
music department of the Berkeley Schools has received recognition
which extends beyond the boundaries of our own state. Miss
Hartley's estimate of the condition of her department at the end
of her first year's work, may best appear from the following
extract from her report to the Superintendent:
"In accordance with your request, I herewith submit a report
of the work done in the Music Department of the Berkeley Schools
during the year ending June 7, 1907. During this time many new
conditions have interfered with the progress of this, as well as of
other departments. Half-day sessions in some of the schools; the
clo8ing of others on account of sickness; a continual changing of
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 57
the personnel in the different classes; admission of many new
pupils without any musical knowledge; frequent changes in the
teaching body, and a new supervisor; all these things have made
more perplexing the solutions of the problems, which have, how-
ever, been patiently worked out by the teachers and, on the
whole, the work has been well done.
"As far as possible, we have continued the work carried on
by the former Supervisor, Mrs. Sweesy. One change, however,
has been made. Instead of having glee clubs in the different
schools, choruses (grouping together pupils of the third and
fourth grades, those of the fifth and sixth, and those of the seventh
and eighth) have been established as a part of the regular work.
Nothing disciplines so well as good chorus singing under a good
conductor. It has been a pleasure, too, for it has been looked
forward to and asked for by the children. This work, however,
has been hampered by a lack of seating accommodations. Every
school building should have a large assembly hall for occasions of
this kind. The Board of Education has placed chairs in the hall-
ways of some buildings and has had large doors cut between
rooms in other schools, but in still other buildings there are no
such accommodations, and here the children have uncomplainingly
stood during the chorus period."
By the efforts of the Supervisor, the teachers and pupils and
Mothers' Clubs, each school has been supplied with Pianos, Vic-
trolas and Records. The Board has purchased Grand Pianos for
the Intermediate Schools, also an Edison Phonograph for each.
In all the larger schools, orchestras have been organized.
58 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER IX
DRAWING
The schools were without supervision in either Drawing or
Music for a long time. Some time prior to 1900, Miss Mary L.
Brehm was appointed to teach Drawing in the High School and to
instruct the grade teachers after school hours. Miss Adelaide
Hanscom was also employed for a time, but when Miss Brehm
retired from the department those members of the Board who
were opposed, on general principles, to any form of supervision
thought that the Fates had presented the opportunity of ridding
the schools of a nuisance and at the same time of saving expense.
After an earnest effort to work through the regular teachers, the
plan of supervision was adopted.
In 1900 the Board elected Miss May Gearhart, of Pasadena,
to supervise the Art work in the Berkeley schools. (Art work*
now, if you please.) Miss Gearhart appeared in person before the
Board and her manner was so earnest and her knowledge of her
subject so apparent that she received the unanimous vote of the
Board.
Her work was of the very highest order, and it is no reflection
upon the successful labors of those who have since been at the
head of this work, to give Miss Gearhart full credit for three
years of most efficient and successful supervision. She used un-
limited energy and tact seldom equaled in any line of school work,
and when she left us for a larger field, we felt that there would
be great difficulty in filling her place. She left the schools of
Berkeley beloved by all, teachers, pupils, and patrons.
She was succeeded by Miss Grace Dawson, who filled the
position with dignity, but with a labored success, owing to the
great popularity of her predecessor. After Miss Dawson resigned,
on motion of Dr. Loring, the Department of Drawing under
especial supervision was abolished. In 1906, upon the earnest
recommendation of the Superintendent, Miss Zinie Kidder became
Supervisor. Her efforts have been successful, though we cannot
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 59
compare the results with those obtained during Miss Gearhart's
term, for many reasons. Chief among these is the fact that when
the department was organized, of course, everything was new, and
the enthusiasm of the Supervisor, the newness of the subject and
the original method of presentation insured success from the start.
The following is from the Superintendent's report dated July
1st, 1907:
Drawing.
"Miss Kidder's work has been excellent. She has gained the
support of the teachers and the love and esteem of the pupils. In
conjunction with the Supervisor of Manual Training, the work has
been so correlated for the Primary Grades that we may expect ex-
cellent results. Her work has been earnest and thorough. The
training that the children are receiving in this necessary branch
of instruction is of the best. Drawing, carefully taught, is an
excellent sort of Manual Training in itself. It trains the hand and
the eye and develops habits of exactness and neatness, and these
habits, thus formed, appear in every phase of school life."
In 1909, Mr. F. H. Meyer was made a sort of "Inspector Gen-
eral" of the Art work in all the schools. His work in this con-
nection was discontinued at the end of one year.
60 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER X
MANUAL TRAINING
In his annual report to the Board for the year ending June
30th. 1904, the Superintendent made the following recommen-
dation: .
"I earnestly ask the Board to at least investigate the advisa-
bility of making Manual Training a part of our school curriculum.
In this, as in every other department of school work, the person-
ality of the teacher is the important factor. I am firmly of the
opinion that the right kind of Manual Training under the right
kind of supervision would be of almost inestimable benefit to our
community. But it will be far better to leave it out forever than
to start the wrong system, or to start under any but the very
best of teachers and equipment."
In accordance with this recommendation, the members of the
Board began a careful investigation of methods and results in the
neighboring cities. Sixth, seventh and eighth grade classes were
allowed to visit the Manual Training work in San Francisco under
the guidance of the Superintendent or the Principal, the chief
abject being to awaken public interest in the proposition. As a
result of this preliminary work Mr. R. J. Leonard was elected
Supervisor of Manual Training on October 9th, 1906, his duties to
begin January 1st, 1907. The erection and equipment of suitable
rooms at several of the larger schools had been provided for in
a bond issue which carried by a large majority.
The details of fitting these rooms and the arrangements for
putting the work into operation was given to Mr. Leonard. At
about the same time, Miss Bertha Prentiss, of Pomona, was elected
Supervisor of Domestic Science, and the details of fitting the
rooms and of preparing outlines for work in this department were
(iriven to her.
Ar a result of this preliminary work, the rooms recently built
at the Whittier, the Le Conte, the Franklin and the Lincoln schools
were fitted up in first class style. The second story of the Haste
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 61
Street building on the McKinley School lot was utilized for this
work. These Supervisors proceeded at once to outline the work
for all of the grades, and the outline as first prepared is essentially
the same as the one in use at the present time. The following
from Mr. Leonard's report to the Superintendent of Schools for
the year ending June 7, 1907, is of interest as showing the careful
planning of the work which was carried on so successfully during
his four years of service :
"We must recognize the first and foremost aim of Manual
Training to be, mental unfolding and development through care-
fully directed self-activity; second, the acquiring of information
concerning forces about us which are factors in our industrial
life; third, the development of manual dexterity, or training the
hand to execute what the mind directs. With these thoughts in
mind, it is plain to see what qualifications manual teachers should
possess. They must first have professional training such as is
given in a Normal School or University. Coupled with this must
be thorough training along mechanical lines. The work in the
upper grades will be carried on by such teachers. They have al-
ready been employed, and will begin work with the new term.
The work in the lower grades will be given in the class room by
the regular teacher, under the direction of the Supervisor.
Course of Study.
The course of study is herein presented in outline form:
Grades: 1st and 2nd. — Time, one hour per week.
Simplified paper and cardboard construction, together with
raffia, yarn and rag weaving.
Grades: 3rd and 4th. — Time, one hour per week.
Cardboard construction.
Grades: 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th. — Time, one hour and a half per
week.
Woodwoj'k in the Manual Training room, under the direction
of the special teacher.
Owing to existing conditions, woodwork will not be begun
in the 5th grade at the opening of the term. Some form of
preparatory work will be given.
Primary Work.
Manual Training in the Primary Grades was begun about the
62 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
middle of February, 1907. This has been carried on enthusiastic-
ally by the prade teachers. Owing to the newness of the work,
frequent teachers' meetings have been held for instruction and
consultation. The results have been very pleasing to all con-
cerned, and we feel that in a short time this work will be well in
hand and established in a very substantial way.
Co-operation.
There is a very bright future in store for this department.
The people of the community are vitally interested, and are lend-
ing their hearty support to the movement. The Board of Educa-
tion has been generous and far-seeing in providing such splendid
accommodations for the department. They have given the man-
agement unqualified support under all circumstances. The Super-
intendent has done all in his power to further the cause. Princi-
pals and teachers have been most hearty in their co-operation. Let
me take this opportunity of expressing my thanks and appreciation
for the courtesies received from all parties mentioned."
Mr. Leonard resigned July, 1911. The teachers worked on a
"go as you please" basis, until 1914. Then Mr. C. S. Evans, of
Dayton, Ohio, who had been elected to supervise the work in the
High School was given charge of the entire work of the depart-
ment. Mr. Evans resigned in 1916. No successor has been
selected. We all regret that the services of Mr. Leonard were
not retained as his plans for the work were of such a comprehen-
sive character that they could not be successfully carried out by
another.
PHYSICAL CULTURE.
Miss Violet Richardson has had especial direction of the girls
in athletics for the year ending June, 1917, and is still at this
work for 1918. Long may she continue. Mr. W. L. Seawright
directed the boys for a part of the time along the same line,
but has entered upon a new field of work. Except in the High
School, this important factor in the successful work of the school
has been managed largely by the grade teachers under Miss Rich-
ardson's direction. The management could not be given to any
one better fitted by training and experience.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 63
CHAPTER XI
HIGH SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Main Building.
Built 1901
Architects Stone & Smith
Contractor Robert Gregg
Cost $87,000
Science Building.
Built 1907
Architects Stone & Smith
Contractor Arthur Arlett
Cost $90,000
Auditorium.
Built 1908
Architects Stone & Smith
Contractor Arthur Arlett
Cost $90,000
Art Building.
Built 1915
Cost $24,000
Gymnasium.
Built 1914
Cost — First floor $5,250
Second floor 5,000
Music Building.
Moved from the LeConte School lot.
Built 1896
Architect A. H. Broad
Cost $1,800
Manual Training Building.
Built 1907
Architects Stone & Smith
Contractor Arthur Arlett
Cost $13,000
fr4 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XII
McKINLEY SCHOOL
INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS.
The Intermediate School idea recommended by Superintendent
Bunker and introduced in 1909, is a modification of plans adopted
and carried on for several years with varying degrees of success
in a number of Eastern cities, depending, of course, upon the
local conditions. There is absolutely nothing original in the plan
itself, but the details admit of the introduction of new^ ideas.
There are four Intermediate Schools in Berkeley, located as far
as possible to accommodate the pupils of the different sections
of the city. Each school has a distinctive line of work which will
be explained more fully later.
When the system was introduced into the Berkeley schools in
1909, the Washington and the McKinley schools were selected.
Mr. Imrie, the principal of the Washington School, was trans-
ferred to the LeConte School, Mr. Hoffman, the Principal of the
LeConte, being elected to a half-day position. Mr. G. W. Mon-
roe, from the High School, became the first Principal of the Wash-
ington Elementary and Intermediate School in 1910.
The Franklin and Whittier were organized as Intermediate
schools in 1911. For particulars as to the course of study and
general plan of work, read what is said about each of the Inter-
mediate Schools.
McKINLEY SCHOOL.
Main Building.
Built 1896
Architect Cunningham Bros.
Contractor Silas Carle
Cost ..$26,000
Manual Training Building.
Built 1901
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 65
Contractor George Mohr
Architect George Mohr
Cost $7,000
Size of Lot.
Dwight Way 150 ft.
Haste Street 150 ft.
270 ft. deep.
Haste Street Building.
Built 1906
Architect A. H. Broad
Contractor A. H. Broad
Cost $14,000
Size of Lot.
N. side of Haste St 100 ft.
135 ft. deep.
In 1891 a lot on Dwight Way between Dana and Telegraph was
purchased. At a meeting of the Board held August 4th, 1895,
the following resolution was adopted: That the Board of Town
Trustees be requested to take immediate steps for providing funds
for the following:
The erection of a six-room building on Dwight Way.
A four room building on the Haste Street frontage of
the Dwight Way lot.
A new 6 or 8 room building on San Pablo Avenue.
A suitable building in North Berkeley, east of Shat-
tuck.
To supply the necessary furniture for these, also
To purchase a lot east of San Pablo and south of
Dwight Way.
In 1896 an 8 room building was erected on the Dwight Way
lot and the school was known as the "Dwight Way School" until
1902, when the name was changed to the McKinley. Mr. W. H.
DeBell was the principal until 1902, when he removed to San
Francisco. Mr. C. L. Biedenbach was his successor, Mr. F. F.
Bunker, afterwards City Superintendent, receiving one vote. City
Superintendent Perham had his office in this building, 1897-8. As
the school grew very rapidly, it was found necessary to supply
additional rooms, and a 4 room building for primary grades was
built on the Haste Street frontage of the same lot.
Later, a lot on the north side of Haste Street was purchased
66 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
for $6,500 and a 4 room (afterwards a 6 room) building for pri-
mary classes was built. The rooms vacated by the transfer of the
primary classes were fitted up for Manual Training and Domestic
Science Departments.
The bust of McKinley was unveiled with appropriate cere-
monies in 1903, and an English elm was planted on each side
of the walk leading from Dwight Way to the main entrance of
the building.
Miss Carmichael was the first teacher of Manual Training.
She was followed by Mr. W. B. Hughson, who has filled the po-
sition very satisfactorily ever since. In 1910 Wilken's Hall was
rented to relieve the congestion and it was retained until the
opening of the Willard School in 1916. Mr. Biedenbach remained
Principal until he succeeded Mr. Brink as Principal of the High
School in 1912. During the years that the school was under the
management of Mr. Biedenbach it maintained the high standard
in discipline and school work that he had set as his ideal.
Mr. W. B. Clark became Principal in 1912, and was transferred,
with the 7th, 8th and 9th grades, to the principalship of the
Frances Willard Intermediate School. This transfer left the Mc-
Kinley an Elementary School. From 1912 to 1916 Mr. Clark had
the Elementary and the Intermediate grades in the old building.
The McKinley School is, I think, the best equipped of any
school in Berkeley. The patrons of the school are largely well-
to-do people and take great interest in the school to which so
many of their children are sent. In this building one will find
pianos, pictures, a good library, in fact, everything needed for
first-class educational work.
Miss Blanche Morse was elected to the principalship in Mr.
Clark's place. Under her management the school will undoubt-
edly hold its place among the leaders.
In January, 1906, Mr. Biedenbach and his teachers agreed to
organize a School City with its accompanying officers and man-
agement. A suitable constitution was framed, an election was
held, in accordance with its provisions and, in a week, the city
was in existence. The principal is, of course, the real source of
power. He can make or change as he thinks best. The Mc-
Kinley School was governed as a School City until Mr. Bieden-
bach was elected Principal of the High School, in 1912, and I
think that the same form of government has prevailed ever since.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 67
There seemed to be so much to commend the plan that the
Superintendent asked the principal to report as to the success of
the scheme. I will quote direct from Mr. Biedenbach's report
made to the Superintendent at the time when the School City
was organized, stating the advantages of this form of "Student
Control." He says:
"It is too early to speak with authority about the ultimate re-
sults of this system of school government. We can only note its
immediate effect and form our judgment as to what may be ex-
pected. As soon as McKinley School City was declared organ-
ized, all of the teachers were relieved of yard duty. The police
department took charge, and it is no exaggeration to say that the
conduct of the pupils in the yards and when forming and march-
ing in line is better than before. Disorder when the teacher is
out of the room is also practically eliminated, for the police have
charge at all times when a teacher is not present. This does not
imply a monitor system, for the police officers do not report to
the teachers. The citizens are responsible for their conduct to
their officers. There is no encouragement for tattling or any of
its allied vices.
"Perhaps one of the best reasons for encouraging this form of
school government is that it teaches something that will remain
permanently with the pupils. The child is taught how to behave
as a citizen and an office holder. These important functions are
not simply turned over to him to do with as he thinks fit. As a
result he goes into the world when he finishes school, prepared
for that which he encounters there.
"One point is especially worth emphasizing. The School City
must be a real, not a make-believe city. It is true that every-
thing is done under the guidance of the teaching force and that
the principal can step in at any moment, and often must do so,
but still the citizen life of the pupil is real.
"It seems to me that this is the only way of giving proper
preparation for a republican form of government. What a pe-
culiar condition of things has existed! For over 100 years we
have been training children for citizenship in the freest country
on earth by putting them through a long list of formal studies
under a system of absolute command. The old martinet system
has outlived its usefulness, if it ever had any. In its place there
must come rational self-government under proper guidance. This
68 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
will recognize the fact that life begins with birth, and that school
work is an essential part of it and not a mere training for it.
"From the cradle to the grave is one long preparation, differ-
ing in parts, but still a continuous process of education, and one
sta^e cannot succeed unless its proper foundation has been laid
in the preceding. Self-respecting manhood cannot be based on
tyrannized boyhood."
Miss Morse has this to say about the McKinley School:
"The Orientals furnished the first problem for solution when I
assumed the office of Principal. They come to school as non-
English-speaking children. Experience has shown that they some-
times attend school for an entire year without speaking a word of
English. They acquire some auditory vocabulary, but no oral
one. The solution was the segregation of these pupils, for the
first three grades, into one class. Observe that this segregation
was to solve a pedagogical and not a racial problem. By special
methods of instruction we have been able to bring an Oriental
within speaking distance of the English child in two years or less.
"In addition to this problem of caring for the Oriental chil-
dren in the best possible way, we are engaged on two lines of
special endeavor. One is to discover the best departmental or-
ganization for an Elementary School. We are persuaded that
the old 'one teacher' system is, or should be, a thing of the past.
Just what organization will best suit this type of school has yet
to be determined. We departmentalized the four upper classes last
term. This coming term we shall carry it one step lower and
take in the second grrade.
"The other effort that we are making is along the line of
method, trying to work out better instruction. Special attention
is being given to new methods in History and Reading. The whole
purpose is to break up the formal routine of drill and lesson-
hearing and to substitute for these some vital motive. It is not
too much to say that we are making progress. We are learning
to regard the school as a laboratory for solving educational prob-
lems. We also look upon it as a shop where the children shall
work 'for the joy of working,' and not for some dimly perceived
ulterior end."
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 69
CHAPTER XIII
FRANCES E. WILLARD SCHOOL
Built 1915-16
Architects Hobart & Cheney
Contractor Walter Sorenson
Cost $87,000
Size of Lot.
Telegraph Avenue 282.6
Ward Street 274
Stuart Street 327
Cost of the lot $48,750
The Intermediate classes of the McKinley School were trans-
ferred to the new building on the opening of the school term
July 31st, 1916, and Mr. W. B. Clark, who had been the Principal
of the McKinley School, became the Principal of the Willard In-
termediate School.
Pupils from the 6th grades in the Emerson, LeConte, McKinley
and other schools enter this intermediate school. The courses of
study in these intermediate schools vary with the section of the
town and the demands of the patrons.
The Willard and the Garfield Schools specialize in Latin, Eng-
lish, and Mathematics. French is also taught if classes sufficiently
large ask for instruction in this language.
In the Willard School the French Department is very popular
and is growing rapidly. There are 250 pupils taking the French
course. The graduates of the Willard and the Garfield on enter-
ing upon the 10th year's work prepare largely for the literary
courses of the University, while those from the Edison and the
Burbank elect studies leading to scientific or mathematical courses
in college.
The Willard School is the best equipped of the Intermediate
schools, while the McKinley is the best equipped of the Element-
ary schools. There are pictures and other works of art, pianos,
Victrolas and records, moving picture apparatus, balopticon, etc.
70 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
These have been supplied by the classes as they leave school, by
patrons at larjre, by Parent Teachers' Association and the united
efforts of pupils and teachers.
The statistics with regard to the number of pupils remaining
in school after completing the 8th year, and also the number going
on from the 9th year into the High School proper, justify fully
the Intermediate idea and show the results when the "housing"
conditions permit giving the plan a "fair show." It had this at
the McKinley, where it was possible to separate the Intermediate
from the Elementary department.
The Willard School is strong in languages. Previous to the
present year our pupils seem to have been determined upon a
Latin course, but the French Department is growing very rapidly,
over 250 pupils taking this language. These students of the
French language at present are supporting (in fact have adopted)
two French orphans. Mr. Clark, the Principal, gives some things
already accomplished, and also some ideals that remain to be
realized:
"We have had a good sized band and an orchestra for at least
6 years. We have one concert each year, to which we charge
admission. We usually expend most of the proceeds in the pur-
chase of instruments. In looking over the Berkeley High School
concert programs you will find that fully 50 per cent of the par-
ticipants have begun their musical work at the Willard School
under Miss Ellerhorst's leadership.
"It has been the custom for many years for our pupils to
present to the school, when they leave us, one or more fine pic-
tures. In this way we have built up quite a remarkable collection.
"When we moved in a year ago, we put forward a very compre-
hensive plan of planting, to be financed entirely by the school.
We have made a splendid start, having completed the plan on the
Ward Street side, and a bit around the corner on Telegraph
Avenue.
"The war has caused us to suspend operations for a while, but
we hope to give the whole place a fine setting in the not far distant
future. Our idea is that if the pupils have a hand in the creation
of these things this will constitute a very important part of their
education. It will be a strong backfire against vandalism.
"We had a big job on our hands to darken our Assembly
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 71
Hall. I got a bid for the work from a prominent San Francisco
firm.
"The bid was $65. I solicited the aid of Mr. Hughson, our
Manual Training teacher, and we had the work completed for less
than $5, including material.
"It is the ambition of the Principal of the Willard School that
the idea of co-operation shall be written large, that the evidences
of co-operation shall be manifested everywhere, that the buildings
and grounds shall show it, and that, best of all, it shall be in the
atmosphere and shall be felt by even the casual visitor."
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XIV
WASHINGTON SCHOOL
Built 1906
Architect Stone & Smith
Contractor Stockholm and Allen
Cost $45,000
Manual Training Building.
Built 1908
Cost $4,000
Size of Lot.
On Bancroft 262. ft.
On Grove street 152. ft.
On McKinley avenue 253.25 ft.
This building, built on the old "Longfellow School" lot, corner
of Grove and Bancroft, has 16 class rooms, an Assembly Hall,
and separate building for Manual Training and Domestic Science,
The school was opened in 1907, with Mr. J. A. Imrie as Princi-
pal, and was a success from the start. It continued to prosper
until 1910, when it was made one of the two Intermediate Schools,
the McKinley being the other. Mr. Imrie was transferred to the
LeConte School, taking Mr. Hoffman's place. Mr. G. W. Monroe,
an instructor in the High School, was transferred to the principal-
ship of the Washington School in January, 1910. The Washington
School was both elementary and intermediate from 1910 until
1916, the date of the opening of the Edison School. In 1912 Mr.
H. H. Glessner was appointed Principal, and remained such until
he was transferred to the Edison School together with the most
of the pupils who had been in the Washington Intermediate
School.
Mr. A. J. Hamilton became Principal of the Washington School
in July, 1916.
This school is well organized, well disciplined and well man-
aired. Departmental work throughout all the grades from the
third has been arranged, and is being tried out very successfully.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 73
Of his scheme of Departmental Work, Mr. Hamilton says:
"Much is being written today about the reorganization of
elementary schools. Portland is enthusiastic over its 'Two Group'
plan; Kalamazoo, its 'Platoon' system; and Sacramento its 'Ins
and Outs.' Each of these is, perhaps, a modification of the plan
inaugurated in Gary, Indiana, by Superintendent Wirt, about 15
years ago. Without a question all of these are good and are
solving local problems much better than was done under the old
'one-teacher' plan.
So many subjects have been added to our courses of study
during the last score of years that the teacher has found the
day too short to adequately prepare herself to present each with
the proper amount of enthusiasm. Hence these reforms on the
part of live educational men and women are efforts to make
possible the proper presentation of all subjects, because the child
needs them all, and perhaps others.
Adequate preparation for a modern grade teacher in a city
school system today means attending meetings of supervisors
of drawing, of music, of domestic science, of physical training,
besides efficiently planning the day's work in the fundamentals.
The organization of the Washington School until August, 1917,
was on the old 'one-teacher' plan. Then the present program was
introduced. During the school year of 1916-1917, an effort was
made to measure results in the fundamentals by the use of stand-
ardized measurements. Dr. Curtis' tests were used for measur-
ing the four fundamental operations in Arithmetic; Dr. Search's
tests for measuring reasoning in Arithmetic, Spelling, and speed
and comprehension in Reading; and Dr. Thorndyke's scale for
measuring speed and quality of Penmanship. The result of these
tests was not flattering, except perhaps, in Reading, where all of
the classes measured above the standard set. This result was
due, we believe to the very excellent work done by Miss Patter-
son while Supervisor of Primary Education in the Berkeley schools,
a few years ago. After tabulating these results, teachers' meet-
ings were held at which teachers expressed themselves quite freely
as to the probable causes and possible remedies. The consensus
of opinion seemed to be, that if teachers of fundamentals were
relieved of preparation in the so-called special subjects, and if
that work were given to teachers especially equipped in tempera-
74 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
ment and training, very much better work would result along
both special and fundamental lines.
In an etTort to bring this about, subjects were grouped under
two headings, namely; Fundamentals, to include Arithmetic, Read-
ing. Language, Composition, Spelling, and Penmanship. Specials,
to include Music, Drawing, Manual Arts, Nature Study, Geog-
raphy. History, and Physical Training.
The Washington School is a primary school of sixteen classes
including the Kindergarten and the first six grades. Of these, six
classes are composed of children in the kindergarten and the first
and second grades. All receiving class teachers remain with their
classes through two years' work. Then the classes are ready
for the departmental plan. Receiving classes are divided when
there are two or more sections, on the basis of mentality, thus
making it possible for the stronger ones to complete two years'
work in three terms.
Of the ten teachers that formerly cared for the ten classes
above the second year, five were selected for special work and
these were assigned as follows: One to music, one to drawing and
primary manual training, one to history, one to nature study and
geography, and one to physical education, thus leaving five
teachers for the fundamentals in ten classes. Of these five, each
had two sections, as the class teacher.
The program is so divided that each pupil spends half of his
time with a fundamental teacher and the other half, in half-hour
periods, with special teachers. Each class above the second year
has a thirty-minute period in the yard, ten minutes of which are
given to formal physical training, and twenty minutes to organ-
ized play under the guidance of the physical training teacher.
When the plan was started the teachers were all very enthusi-
astic over their assignments and with the outlook for better re-
sults. And now after five months they are more enthusiastic than
at the start. They are not willing to revert to the old "one-
teacher" arrangement. True, their work is more strenuous, but
they believe that the school plant is for the child rather than for
the teacher. Of the many advantages of the present plan the
following are among the most important:
1. It provides for special teaching in subjects that require
more training to teach efficiently than the present system of train-
ing schools give.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 75
2. It provides for special rooms fully equipped to create the
proper atmosphere that belongs where these subjects are being
taught.
3. It increases the efficiency of supervisors by reducing the
number of teachers under their supei-vision.
4. It insures the more thorough teaching of special subjects
inasmuch as special teachers are made responsible for the proper
training of the child in her subject for four years.
5. It assures more thorough preparation on the part of the
teachers of fundamentals, by reducing the number of subjects in
which preparation is required.
6. It eliminates interruptions of programs caused by the
visits of supervisors.
7. It lives up to the spirit of the recent California state law
about Physical Education, by providing more than the twenty
minutes per day of physical training and organized play.
8. It increases the efficiency of the Physical Education de-
partment by providing for more frequent change of air and sur-
roundings.
9. It minimizes petty problems of discipline by increasing
the child's interest in his work and by providing a frequent change
of teachers.
10. It affords an opportunity for pupils to take a double
period in subjects in which they are deficient, thus decreasing
the number of "hold-overs."
11. It bridges over the gap between the Primary and the
Intermediate schools by introducing the child to a modified form
of departmental work, thus preparing him for the responsibilities
necessary to a highly departmentalized system.
12. It requires no more teachers than the 'one teacher' plan.
13. In a large city school system, it would reduce the number
of supervisors by introducing specialized teaching and by reducing
the number of teachers to be supervised.
14. It provides an opportunity to introduce instrumental
music without interfering with the regular work by permitting
pupils to substitute it one day each week for the vocal work.
(Last term one piano teacher was kept busy all day in the building,
and a teacher of the violin spent more than an hour each day with
her work. Over 125 children were given an opportunity to begin
76 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
their work in instrumental music that otherwise they could not
have begun.)
15. What is more important than all else, it unifies the
school, making of it a real social organization rather than a mere
collection of class rooms."
(Note — At the time of this writing, January 3rd, 1918, Mr. J.
L. Blumb, principal of the Lincoln School, Berkeley, is preparing
to open his school on the same plan, arranging his program on the
basis of eight teachers instead of ten.)
This plan has also been adopted by Miss Morse at the McKinley
School, and it seems to be the coming idea in school classification
among all of the teachers and principals in the elementary schools.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 77
CHAPTER XV
EDISON SCHOOL
Buiit 1916
Architect W. H. Ratcliff
Cost $85,000
Size of Lot.
On Oregon street 240 ft.
On Russell street 287 ft.
287 feet deep.
The Edison Intermediate School was opened in 1916. Stud-
ents from the Washington Intermediate formed the principal
attendance, though students came from all parts of the city. The
enrollment is over 500. The course of instruction given differs
somewhat from that given in the other Intermediate Schools.
Not only are the modern languages taught beginning with the
seventh grade, but the commercial subjects as well receive partic-
ular attention. There are over two hundred students enrolled in
the Commercial Department. The course of study as outlined
for this work includes Typewriting, Bookkeeping, and Shorthand,
as well as a training in Banking and Office work. This gives a
wide choice of electives, and by the time that pupils have com-
pleted the ninth year they are able to determine in what direction
their preference lies. Either of the courses, when satisfactorily
completed, gives the student a fine start toward a higher education.
Latin is not taken up until the ninth year, while Spanish is offered
to pupils of the seventh and eighth grades as well as to those of
the ninth grades. Commercial students are especially encouraged
to elect Spanish as a necessary subject for a business training.
The Edison, true to its name has a leaning toward Technical
training. The Manual Training and the Domestic Science Depart-
ments are well equipped and usually overcrowded. Pupils in
these departments are required during the ninth year, to give two
periods daily to the work throughout the year.
The Printing Department of the Edison School is the pioneer
78 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
in this movement in this part of California, having been started in
the Washinirton Intermediate School, eight years ago, by Mr. A. J.
Hamilton, now Principal of Washington Elementary School.
Mr. C. W. Calhoun, the present instructor, took charge of the
department six years ago, and under his guidance it has become a
definite factor in the special activities of the school system.
The printing plant is housed in a specially built room, and
cares for about forty pupils each day.
All the special work of the school department is done at the
Edison School, as well as some work for the Board of Education.
The students print the school paper, "The Edison Mazda," a
book of one hundred pages, which is issued at the end of each
term. The type for this publication is all set by hand, and the
making up of the pages, locking up the forms, presswork and
binding, is all done by the pupils.
One outstanding result of the incorporating of the study of
printing in the curriculum, is the improvement noticeable in the
work of the "printing boys" in spelling, English, composition, etc.
Another worth-while phase of the subject is the inculcation
of habits of neatness, promptness, dependence, and, above all,
responsibility.
The Apprentice Committee of Oakland Typographical Union,
No. 36, of which committee the instructor is a member, has incor-
porated in the new union apprentice laws a provision allowing a
student in a sanctioned printing school, an amount of time off his
apprenticeship equal to that spent in the printing class. Under
this dispensation, several boys have gained from three months to
one year off their "time," with a corresponding gain in wages.
The employers, also, have been glad to avail themselves of this
provision, as they are supplied with apprentices who are of real
use from the start, and able to earn the pay they receive.
The instructor is constantly receiving more calls for appren-
tices than he can fill from Berkeley and Oakland, and even San
Francisco. There are now fourteen graduates of the Edison
School Printing Department working at the trade in the Bay
Cities, and everyone of them is "making good."
This school has its own "Commercial Savings Bank," which is
handled by the students of the Commercial Department. The Bank
is open on certain days to receive and pay out money. Last year
the deposits approximated $800.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 79
CHAPTER XVI
FRANKLIN SCHOOL
Built 1901
Architect Stone & Smith
Cost $40,000
Manual Training Building.
Built 1908
Cost $1,000
Size of Lot.
On Virginia street 208 ft.
On San Pablo avenue 300 ft.
On Francisco street 209 ft.
From 1878 to 1890, for twelve years after the incorporation
of the town, this school had several principals. Among these
may be mentioned Messrs. Nelson, Clement, Horton, Clark, Lyons,
Hanson and Harris.
For several years Mr. Horton was a very successful manager.
During his absence, on account of illness, Clark and Nelson took
his place, and Lyons filled the position while he was in the East.
In 1890, Mr. J. W. Warnick took charge of the school, and this
included the general oversight of any other school in West Berke-
ley. Mr. Warnick's entire administration for 14 years, or until
1904, was marked by efficiency and thoroughness.
The Old San Pablo Avenue school building was sold to Mrs.
Baronidis in 1901, and was soon afterwards moved nearer to the
water front and fitted up as a lodging house.
While the new building was in process of erection on the old
lot, the classes were distributed, some to the Seventh Street, some
to the Columbus, and one to the Page Street. The upper classes
occupied rooms over Wolf's Drug Store, corner of University Ave-
nue and Fourth Street. These rooms were rented from month to
month until the new building was completed. During this trying
period, Mr. Warnick proved to be a very valuable man for the
80 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
department. In 1904 he was succeeded by Mr. J. F. Seaman, and
in 1905 Mr. Geo. D. Kierulf became Principal. In 1906 he was
succeeded by Mr. James T. Preston.
Mr. Preston served here until 1916, when he was transferred
with the Franklin Intermediate classes to the principalship of the
Burbank School, corner of University Avenue and Curtis Street.
The school building was enlarged to 10 rooms in 1905, and to
16 rooms in 1907. The name was changed from San Pablo Ave-
nue School to the Franklin School in 1903. The Franklin Inter-
mediate was established in 1911. Under Mr. Preston's manage-
ment the Franklin School has been one of the model schools of
the state.
Mr. Connell has been Principal since July, 1916.
Some years ago an orchestra was organized by Miss Bolsted,
one of the grade teachers. There were all sorts of instruments,
but by patience and perseverance, the results today are something
remarkable. The work really accomplished by the children is fine
and the effect upon the general character of the children is very
marked.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 81
CHAPTER XVn
LUTHER BURBANK SCHOOL
Built 1915
Architect W. D. Reed
Contractor Mr. Field
Cost $35,000
Size of Lot.
On University avenue 507 ft.
On Bonar street 274 ft.
This school was established in August, 1911, in the Franklin
School building at San Pablo and Virginia Streets, and was known
as the Franklin Intermediate.
Careful inquiry among the parents and patrons disclosed the
fact that a majority of the pupils would enter commercial or in-
dustrial occupations. For this reason, the course of study has
been made commercial and pre-vocational in its character, yet it
has been so arranged that both classical and commercial students
are able to enter the tenth year.
The course in English is the same as in the other Intermediate
Schools but, because many of the pupils have very little opportun-
ity to hear good English, Oral English is emphasized to a marked
degree. Dramatization, Debating, Memorizing and Declamation
are a part of the regular work. The course of study is a full one,
and the intention is to make it full of force and character.
Particular attention is given to National Civics in the ninth
year. This course includes conservation and other federal activi-
ties. In the ninth grade State and Municipal Civics receive much
attention. The work in Manual Arts has been given double time
in the eighth and ninth grades for those who wish for the same.
In the Domestic Arts many of the girls are allowed to take both
cooking and sewing, and several have entered hospitals and sani-
tariums direct, to become trained nurses.
A "First Aid" Course has been started in connection with
82 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
hygiene, and it is the intention that every pupil shall know it
thoroutrhly. The Alumni of the school have formed an association
which is endeavoring to give clean, wholesome fun, good musical
and dramatic entertainments and well supervised dances.
Many school activities are encouraged as having a direct effect
in raising the standard of the school. Among these may be men-
tioned: The Orchestra, Glee Clubs, Kodak Clubs, Folk Dancing,
Basketball, Baseball, The School Paper, etc.
For the present the Commercial Course of the Intermediate
Schools is offered in the Burbank and the Edison Schools only.
This course, when completed includes Commercial Arithmetic,
Bookkeeping, Stenography and Typewriting. This is the largest
and best organized department in the school. The school savings
bank and the system developed by Mr. Warren, forms a very
important and practical part of the course. This school is well
equipped with everything necessary to the success of the Inter-
mediate School idea.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 83
CHAPTER XVIII
WHITTIER SCHOOL
Built 1892
Architect A. H. Broad
Contractor Robert Greig
Manual Training Building.
Built 1907
Architect A. H. Broad
Cost $2,000
Kindergarten Building.
Built in 1914 for the University
Summer School and sold to the Board
of Education for $1,200.
Size of Lot.
On Virginia street 234 ft.
On Milvia street 224 ft.
On Lincoln street 165 ft.
The Whittier School was opened in the fall of 1892. The
following have been principals:
Miss Juliet H. Lumbard, 1892-1898;
Miss Alice Keefer, 1898-1905;
Mr. Clinton Miller, 1905-1906.
Mr. H. H. Glessner, 1906-1908;
Mr. S. D. Waterman, 1908-1917.
In 1905, Miss Keefer was transferred to the principalship of
the Le Conte School in place of Miss Lillie Hamlin, who had been
given a place in the English Department of the High School.
Additions as needed were made to the original six rooms from
time to time, and these additions were usually begun directly after
the summer vacation, so that the children might have the "Saw and
Hammer" accompaniment to cheer them along on their "bright
and sunny way." (At this time in the history of Berkeley it was
the custom of the Board of Education to postpone the repairs upon
g4 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
the school buildings until about the end of the summer vacation.)
As there were eight grades in the Elementary course, it had
become the policy of the management to have at least sixteen
class rooms in all of the larger schools. By 1905, the school had
gained in numbers until the sixteen rooms were completely filled.
For several years the demand for school privileges in this
section of the town was so great that several half-day classes
were found necessary. In 1913 two portable rooms were built
for the sixth grades, and in 1916, during the summer vacation
these bungalows were moved to the Garfield School lot.
The Whittier was organized as one of the Intermediate schools
in August, 1911 and remained both Elementary and Intermediate
until January, 1916. At this time the seventh, eighth, and ninth
grades were transferred to the Garfield building, corner of Rose
and Walnut streets.
Mr. Waterman remained principal of both schools until June,
1916, when he took charge of the Whittier School. In June,
1917, he resigned his position, and Mr. Roy E. Warren was chosen
in his place.
The "Ungraded Class" plan was in successful operation in
this school for several years to the benefit of many a child, but
the increased expenses of the department made it necessary to cut
in some direction and the ungraded classes at this school and
also at the McKinley, the Franklin, the Lincoln and the Le Conte
had to go. There should be some system of ungraded class work
in every large school.
The purchase of 150 feet additional on Lincoln Street, and 100
feet on Virginia Street, thus enlarging the play grounds and im-
proving the shape of the lot, would involve an expenditure worth
considering.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 85
CHAPTER XIX
GARFIELD SCHOOL
Built 1915
Cost $45,000
Architect Mr. Coxhead
Contractor B. D. Henderson
Size of Lot.
On Rose street 210 ft.
On Walnut street 295 ft.
On Shattuck avenue 321 ft.
The Whittier Intermediate was transferred to the Garfield
School building on January 4th, 1916. Mr. Waterman remained
principal of both the Whittier Elementary and the Garfield until
June, 1916. Then Mr. D. L. Hennessey became principal, and
Mr. Waterman remained at the Whittier.
This school specializes in Languages, especially Latin, Higher
English and Literary work in general, and Mathematics. The
school has always taken a very lively interest in Dramatic work.
A student assembly is held on every second Friday morning.
Scenes from Shakespeare's plays, dramatizations from the classics
read, debates, recitations and other literary exercises are given
by the pupils. The school is very active along patriotic lines,
contributing liberally to the Red Cross, Soldiers' Libraries, the
Armenian Relief Fund and other current needs.
The work in Domestic Science and Art, Manual Training and
Drawing is also "up-to-date." There are Spanish and French
classes if a sufficiently large number of pupils desire instruction
in the same.
This is one of the most attractive, and when finished according
to the original plan, will be one of the best arranged school plants
on this side of the Bay.
The building was erected to accommodate 280 students. The
enrollment for August, 1917, was over 300. As has been stated
86
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
elsewhere, two bungalows built for the sixth grades at Whittier,
have been moved to the Garfield lot, and a room in a dwelling
across the street has been leased to partially accommodate the
overflow.
In Latin there are 250, and in Spanish 32.
Mr. Hennessey is an expert in Higher English and Dramatic
work, and the stageing of the plays under his direction is strictly
first class.
About 50 pupils complete the 9th grade each term. Practically
all of these continue their studies in the High School. Garfield
pupils make good records in the advanced schools.
A flourishing Athletic Organization is always in existence and
a fine spirit in school athletics is developed. The school is partic-
ularly strong in Basketball.
The key-note of the Garfield School is the same as of the other
Intermediate Schools. It is co-operation. The school won the
Jubilee cup for the school making the best showing in the Jubilee
Parade, and last year they won the Elks' silver cup for the school
making the best showing at the regular annual track meet.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 87
CHAPTER XX
LINCOLN SCHOOL
Built 1889
Cost $35,500
Size of Lot.
On King street 271 ft.
On Alcatraz avenue 120 ft.
On Harmon street 120 ft.
On Ellis street 110 ft.
Manual Training Building.
Built 1907
Cost $2,000
Architect A. H. Broad
Builder A. H. Broad
The annexation of Lorin, now known as South Berkeley, was
formally reported to the Board on May 12th, 1892. At this time,
the school building had 6 rooms, 3 of which were furnished and
occupied. As the original Lorin School District was divided by
this annexation, people living in the portion not annexed claimed
the right to send their children to the Lorin School because they
had been taxed to help pay for the building. For years this was
a constant source of annoyance, but I am sure that the question
has long since been settled to the satisfaction of both Oakland
and Berkeley. When the annexation was completed the name of
the school was changed to "The Lincoln School." As has already
been stated, the policy of the Board was developed upon the idea
of 16 class rooms in the populous centers, and smaller buildings
in the outlying sections as feeders for these larger schools.
This plan was carried out by additions from time to time as
needed until even on this small lot they have the 16 rooms, an
Assembly Hall and a Manual Training building.
Mr. L. M. Frick was the first principal. He was succeeded by
Mr. M. J. Congdon. In 1900, Mr. Elmer E. Nichols assumed the
SS HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
principalship and held it until 1906, when he left educational work
for the practice of law. He was very successful as a school princi-
pal and has become a "bright and shining light" in the legal
profession.
Mr. J. L. Blumb has been principal of the school ever since
Mr. Nichols left. Under his wise and very practical management
the school has become an important factor in the social and intel-
lectual life of the community.
Mr. Blumb is especially helpful to the teachers of little or no
e.xperience, who are willing to be helped, and many a teacher
who is now successful, owes her success to his influence and
direction.
The principal has furnished the following, giving an outline of
special features introduced into the work in the Lincoln School:
"Recently, Dramatic Reading has been introduced in each
grade from the second to the sixth inclusive. This has proved very
successful and of great value to the school, particularly in the up-
per grades. In introducing this work, the primary aim has been to
obtain better expression in reading. As the work has grown it
has been found beneficial not only to the reading, but also of great
help to the children in all subjects requiring oral expression. In
teaching Dramatic Reading, the work is all done in the Assembly
Hall, using the stage. The child is required to do most of the
work at sight, so that all of his powers of quick thinking and
acting are required. Thus he also learns to scan the printed
page and pick out the essential things and understand them almost
at a glance. Ability to do this is the basis of education.
There are really no stage properties, a few articles being
kept on hand which do service for many things; for instance, a
blackboard eraser is eoually as useful for a pair of shoes as
for a loaf of bread. Thus the child's imagination is developed.
When no stage properties are used, the child imagines that he has
something. For example he opens a door and closes it, but there
is no door there, only as he sees it in his imagination. He gives a
beggar an imaginary dollar from an imaginary purse taken from
an imaginary pocket. Not only is the imagination of the child
reading the part developed, but also that of the others who are
pla\'ing the part of the audience. When a child is assigned a
part, he at once forgets himself and becomes the character that
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 89
he is to portray. If he takes the part of an old man, or of a
donkey, he acts the part without a thought of his real self.
This phase has been rather a difficult one in the upper grades
as the children there are naturally very self-conscious, and this, of
course, is very detrimental to all of their school v^^ork. Hence, the
great value of Dramatic Reading in other lines of regular school
work by helping the child to overcome self-consciousness, is plainly
seen. I find no difficulty in obtaining excellent expression in read-
ing when the child's body is expressing correctly the lines that he
is reading. For instance if he invites some one to come in, and
at the same time uses a gesture of invitation, the correct oral
expression is bound to come.
The stories used are only of the best things found in Litera-
ture. These are closely correlated to their study of History and
English, thus clinching, through dramatic action, the things that
they have learned in these subjects. In choosing the best things
in the Drama and Literature, we are creating a love for only the
best books and stories, and this, in itself, fosters a dislike for
trashy and vulgar things. This is of great value in the molding of
character. A child is a natural actor. His imagination is keen.
Too little is done to develop these elements of the child's character.
Di-amatic Reading will help to do this, and may thus become a
great aid to the other school work. We have found it invaluable
and wish that it might be made a permanent addition to the
'Course of Study' in all the schools."
Additional yard room is the great need for the Lincoln School,
but it is not an easy problem to find it in close touch with the
rest of the school property. The school lot is entirely too small
to admit of any work in the line of school gardening.
90 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXI
LE CONTE SCHOOL
Built 1892
Architect A. H. Broad
Contractor Anderson and Greig
Original cost $20,000
Primary Building.
Built 1909
Cost $2,000
Manual Training Building.
Built 1907
Architect A. H. Broad
Cost $2,000
Size of Lot.
On Russell street 271 ft.
On Ellsworth street 269 ft.
On Oregon street 271 ft.
This school was opened in 1892 with six class rooms. The
building has been enlarged at different times until it has the
standard number of sixteen rooms and a separate building for
Manual Training and Domestic Arts.
The following have been principals of the school:
Miss Alice Keefer, 1892-1898; Miss Juliet H. Lumbard, 1898-
1901; Miss Lillie Hamlin, 1901-1905; Miss Alice Keefer, 1905-
1907; Mr. W. W. Nichols, 1907-1909; Mr. F. H. Hoffman, 1909-
1910; Mr. J. A. Imrie, 1910 to date.
Mr. Nichols became Secretary of the Board of Education under
Superintendent Bunker in 1909, and Mr. F. H. Hoffman was
elected principal in his place. When the Washington School
became an Intermediate school, Mr. Imrie went to the Le Conte.
In 1896, a two room building was erected to provide for the
overflow, until permanent additions could be made. Later, this
little building was moved to the High School lot, where it is now
in daily use as the music room of the High School.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 91
The Le Conte School {garden has been the most successful of
any in Berkeley, and as Mr. Imrie is an expert in this line, his
practical application of the science of tilling the soil has produced
excellent results. He has very willinj^ly {jiven me a brief outline
of his work in Berkeley. He says: "I commenced garden work
in 1907, when I came to the Washington School. We found a
vacant lot near the school which was available, and our first at-
tempts were here. We planted a lawn and a few ornamental
shrubs near the building, and this work was continued for two
and one-half years of my stay at this school.
Upon taking charge of the Le Conte School, we at once started
the gardens which have been maintained ever since with varying
degrees of success. In addition to gardens upon the school
premises, two vacant lots near by have been used, sometimes, as a
community garden and at other times the individual plot system
has been followed. As a general rule, the work has been done by
pupils in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades, and a large percentage
of those who have plots in the school garden, have home gardens
also. The school garden is thus an incentive to home work.
A garden club has been formed under the direction of one of
the teachers. This club has a regular meeting every two weeks
and the members discuss various phases of the entire school work,
especially that pertaining to the garden.
Exhibitions of garden products have been held from time to
time, and these have fostered an interest in the movement. A
large part of the nature study clusters about the garden activities.
The plants and insects found there furnish fine material for this
study."
The school garden can be a success only when placed upon
the school lot, and under the direction of some one who is skillful
in this kind of work.
A very able corps of teachers at the Le Conte School stand
ready to carry out any plan that the principal suggests. Hence
the success of the school garden in this school.
92 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXII
OXFORD SCHOOL
Built 1909
Architect Mr. Plowman
Cost $24,000
Size of Lot.
On Oxford street 200 ft.
On Walnut street 225 ft.
South Line 288 ft.
North Line 279 ft.
This school was opened in 1910, with Mrs. Clara Partridge in
charge. It has been of very rapid growth. There are now 6 full
grades besides the kindergarten, and some of the classes are over-
crowded. Skillful management and a good corps of teachers have
made the school a credit to the department, and the children and
parents as well are loyal to their local school, and its interests.
Provision should be made at once at this building for instruction
in Manual Training. The children now take this work at the
Whittier School. Pupils from the Hillside School also make use
of the Whittier shop. This is not ideal. The work for all classes
should be provided for in their own building. A sense of owner-
ship is very strongly developed in some children and the idea of
walking four or five blocks to use another fellow's shop is not at
all pleasing to the average boy. The principal, Mrs. Partridge, has
kindly furnished the following with regard to the past of the
school, and a glimpse into the future, based upon the high ideals
to which the teachers aspire:
"At the close of the first day of school in the Oxford building,
August 4th, 1910, there were 99 children enrolled in nine grades
under the charge of three teachers: Mrs. Partridge, Miss Porter,
and Miss Newton. Three rooms in the shell had already been
completed, two in the east wing, and one in the north wing. Now,
in November, 1917, there are nine regular class rooms occupied,
and classes are conducted in the principal's office, the teachers'
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 93
kitchen and dining room, and a kindergarten in the small tower
room over the furnace room. The principal's desk is on a square
of carpet in the hall, and there in the glow of a goose-neck lamp
the principal sits and wishes for rooms, and still more rooms.
During the first year there were 140 children enrolled in the
school. At the present writing there have been enrolled since the
opening day of this term, July 30th, 1917, in the kindergarten
32 children, and in the grades 394, making a total of 426.
During the seven years since the opening, there have been 678
children enrolled who have passed out of the school into the Inter-
mediate Schools, or who have removed to other districts. The
total number of children who have been in attendance since
August 4th, 1910, is 1104.
The first class to be promoted to the Low 7th, Intermediate,
numbered 20, and were sent out in December, 1911. The pro-
motions to Low 7th have been as follows:
1911-1912 38
1912-1913 37
1913-1914 30
1914-1915 49
1915-1916 60
1916-1917 65
TOTAL 279
During our first term there were 107 families represented in
our enrollment. Thus far in our fall term, 1917, there are 291
families represented in the grades, and 10 additional families in
the kindergarten.
The Oxford School was opened when the Intermediate School
system had been established for five months. Its aim, therefore,
was fixed from the start. It was an elementary school, and as
such had a definite field. The three pioneer teachers of the school
cherished an ideal. The school was to be a family of boys and
girls and foster mothers. As the corps has been enlarged the
ideal has become more deeply fixed, and so far as we are able to
do so, we work upon a family footing. There are no division
fences in the yard. Our boys and girls are playing together as
they do in their own homes. It is no uncommon sight to see a
boy and a girl turning a rope while other girls and boys "chase
the fox" merrily. Because of the home thought that we teachers
94 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
have, there is a happy observance of the festival days that children
love.' From the first Christmas on, there has been a decorated
Christmas tree in the main hall, (we do not possess an Assembly
Hall) and there througrhout the last week the children gather for
the Christmas exercises. In 1915, the parents contributed an
electric light set for the tree, and these lights are turned on at
every recess during Christmas week. Of their own volition the
children gather and sing the songs that they have learned for the
season. For several years the older children have made Christ-
mas gifts for the unfortunate children who are wards at the
County Infirmary. Last year the Mothers' Club inspired by the
children's activities, made bright little bags for the bed-ridden
women of the Infirmary.
In the spring of 1916, the school, including the kindergarten,
took part in a Shakespeare Pageant through the grounds, and
presented various scenes on the level spot called "the ball field."
In the spring of 1917, the children had a Story-book Pageant,
based upon the work in the California State Series of Readers.
Plans for the Pageant for 1918 are now being made. The
regular work of the school is being done, in so far as it is humanly
possible, with the purpose of making the children independent
intellectually, vigorous physically, and strong morally. Much
emphasis is put upon the Physical Culture Course, the develop-
ment of power in the text book subjects and the awakening of the
will to do their best in all of the day's work. Since we are a
happy set of people, teachers and children together, we feel that
in a measure we are attaining our ideals."
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 95
CHAPTER XXIII
JEFFERSON SCHOOL
Built 1906
Architect A. H. Broad
Cost $17,500
Size of Lot.
305 by 270 feet.
This school was opened in 1907 with Miss Mary O'Bannon as
principal. The following letter from her is so very much to the
point that I give it entire:
April 11th, 1918,
Dear Mr. Waterman :
You wish to know something of the history of the Jefferson
School from one who has been connected with it from the day of
its opening. I hardly feel that I am the one to write, for I am
so conscious that such an account may be entirely too full of
"I's" and "we's."
You remember the beginning of the work with four teachers,
with the youngest and the greenest one of the four at the head;
but my heart was then, and still is, in the work. This has always
been a very interesting district. We are far enough from the
center of the town to be quite the center of our own community —
in fact, almost like a country school. The people of the district
are always ready to assist in every way.
When I think how I ordered a piano for the school during that
first year and had it charged to myself, I marvel at my rashness
and I marvel still more at the cheerful way in which the people
took over my indebtedness. In a very short time they had spent
several hundred dollars for the benefit of the school. They did
not spend it as they wished, but as we. The Faculty, thought best.
In the second year Miss McKee had left and Miss Stearns had
taken her place. The main difference in the work was an in-
creased interest in athletics. People began to realize that the
96 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Jefferson School was really in existence, for our baseball and
basketball teams were in evidence in every contest.
' \t the beginning of the third year, Miss Tucker came in, and
^sheand Miss McMurchy (now Mrs. Shields) established a stand-
ard for our primary work that we are still holding, and of which
we are very proud— good solid foundation work full of interest
for the small people.
The fourth year brought Miss Clements (now Mrs. Stoll) and
for two years our work was somewhat different. We had more
music and folk-dancing and the mothers swelled with pride when
viewing the accomplishments of their little folks.
By 1912 another room was needed, and we surely began to feel
very important. The people of the district took a renewed inter-
est in the school. Our Improvement Club became more active and
for several years we had lecturers from the University. The at-
tendance atthese lectures averaged above ninety. Among other
things the Board of Education gave us a stereopticon. By Jan-
uary, 1914, the school had increased so rapidly that a second
room' was added and in the fall of 1915 still another room was
needed.
As the Assembly Hall had been converted into a class room,
we could no longer accommodate the people who wished to attend
the lectures. For this reason we were obliged to discontinue the
evening meetings and to wait until an assembly hall could be built.
We are still waiting. In the fall of 1914 the kindergarten was
organized. It has had a full attendance from the start.
In the fall of 1916 a small frame building, which we are still
using, was moved from the Washington to the Jefferson School lot.
I do not know of much else to tell about our school. We
think it is quite wonderful, of course. The same ten teachers
have been here for the last two years. If you could be vsdth us
some noontime you would realize how unusually congenial we
really are. The school office has to serve as dining room, for we
long ago outgrew the teachers' room, and at noon this is the jolliest
of places.
Nor does our friendship stop with our jolly times. All the
teachers are so proud of one another's work. They are sure that
no one but our primary teachers could so thoroughly start a child,
and that no one but Miss Parker so well trim off the rough edges
and poli.sh him for the next higher school.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 97
We try to do our share of Red Cross work. Every child in
the school is a member of the Junior Red Cross. For two years
we have supported an Armenian orphan. Of course, we have
added the sale of Thrift Stamps to the usual banking.
We have had our share in all the parades and the shows, and
have usually had our own May Day festival here. At present the
building quakes many times a day with the tread of May pole
dances.
I am afraid that I have not told exactly what you wanted,
there are so many things that one can Avrite about the general
routine of school life. Come to see us some day.
Sincerely,
MARY B. O'BANNON.
96 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXIV
JOHN MUIR SCHOOL
Built 1916
Architect James Placheck
Contractor Mr. Wade
Cost $28,000
Cost of the lot $50,000
Size of Lot.
(About four acres)
Claremont avenue 324 ft.
N. line 396 ft.
S. line 560 ft.
There is nothing distinctive about the v^^ork at the John Muir
School except with the children from four and one-half to six
years of age.
With these children the plan as set forth by Madame Mon-
tessori in her book called in English, "The Montessori Method,"
has been closely followed. The department is to be congratulated
in having secured Miss Lydia Atterbury to manage the affairs of
this school. Miss Atterbury has been for several years a very
successful grade teacher, and has also been a student of this sys-
tem under Madame Montessori herself.
Everything about the school is ideal. The lot itself consisting
of nearly four acres is one of the most attractive in Berkeley,
being a part of the old Cox home site. The trees are large and
beautiful and a creek crosses the lot on the Eastern side. The
school is near the Claremont Hotel. There is ample room for
school garden, playgrounds and exercises of all kinds.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 99
CHAPTER XXV
HILLSIDE SCHOOL
Built 1900
Architect Mr. Stone
Contractor Phil Sheridan
Cost $7,000
Size of Lot.
On Virginia 150 ft.
On Leroy Avenue 125 ft.
This school was opened in 1901 under the management of
Mrs. C. G. Potwin. On the death of Mrs. Potwin, Miss B. J. Bar-
rows was transferred from the Whittier School, and made prin-
cipal of the Hillside School. She has remained in this position up
to the present time and has given to the community a school as
good as any. They have been crowded for room in some of the
classes, but have made the best of a difficult situation, and have
made a good record.
As there is no Manual Training plant on the school premises,
and as the lot is so diminutive, the children who desire instruction
in this branch of education have to travel at least six blocks for
the privilege of using the shop and tools really belonging to an-
other set of children. The idea of "ownership" is very thoroughly
fixed in children of the age of fifth grade pupils. The fact that
there are no facilities for this work at the Hillside School, and no
possible chance for a building on the lot has proved to be a decided
handicap.
Recently, an open air room has been added to the building and
this is used for the kindergarten, which is well attended.
100 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXVI
HAWTHORNE SCHOOL
Built 1909
Architects Young & Bradley-
Cost $24,000
Size of Lot.
Snyder Avenue 352 ft.
Ninth Street 292 ft.
Bungalow.
Built 1909
Architect Henry Boehrer
Cost $2,000
In 1899 a lot was purchased on 8th and Grayson Streets
and a small building of two rooms, which had been used as a
primary building at the San Pablo Avenue School for a number
of years, was moved to this lot, and it was used until the com-
pletion of the Hawthorne School on Snyder Avenue. The Haw-
thorne School was opened in 1909. Miss Luie Taft was elected
principal, and on her refusal to take the position, Mrs. Beatrice
Wilmans was appointed. As Mrs. Wilmans has made such a splen-
did success of this school I have asked her to furnish me with an
outline of its work, and she has very kindly given me the follow-
ing for which we are all very glad:
"The present school building built to take the place of the old
Grayson Street School was finished on the lower floor only, during
the summer of 1909, and opened with three rooms occupied, in
August of that year. I was appointed to this position by Mr.
Frank F. Bunker, then City Superintendent. This appointment
came only two days before the opening of school. Miss Susie
McClure and Miss Florence Malone were the assistants. We
opened with 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades, and an enrollment of
100 children.
After examining groups and individuals among the children
and their families, and making a general survey of the neighbor-
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 101
hood the idea suggested itself to me that the school could give its
best service only if it should combine as large an amount as pos-
sible of social work with the regular school work. We have con-
tinued to incorporate this feature more and more with the edu-
cational functions of the school.
We began this work in a very small way, supplying clothing
to needy children — clothing that had been given to us by those
who were interested in the school. Later, Mr. Frank McAllister,
Department Truant Officer, supplied us with clothing, shoes and
other necessities quite regularly, and the Churches and Federated
Mothers' Clubs have helped materially in this service. The Board
of Education obligingly installed a bathtub in the building early
in the history of the school, and we were able to bathe and clothe
children who were not cared for at home.
When additional rooms were finished in the building, and the
fifth and sixth grades were installed we were confronted with the
problem of Domestic Science equipment for the girls, and with the
idea of special service in our minds for that sort of a school we
hit upon the plan of a cottage — a model bungalow which would
serve to provide training in the various branches of simple house-
keeping and which could be used for club meetings, socials, etc.,
as well.
The Board of Education, while heartily approving of this plan,
was unable to provide funds for carrying it out, but agreed to
supply the plumbing as their share toward the enterprise. All
other expenses connected with the building and the equipment
were met by private subscriptions, or money raised by entertain-
ments and bazaars. Mrs. Phoebe Hearst gave the first $500
really making the bungalow possible. Since its completion the
little building has been the center of many of the activities of the
school and neighborhood.
The Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. of the University became
interested in the school and its efforts, and we have been able to
keep up quite regularly, clubs, classes in dancing, sewing, read-
ing, night school and athletic associations, through the invaluable
aid of these students. Through the generous co-operation of the
Berkeley Federated Mothers' Clubs, who supplied money to pay
the teacher, and the Board of Education, who supplied the kits,
we have been able to give the sixth grade boys lessons in cobbling,
and to do considerable practical work along that line, making over
102 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
worn shoes that were sent to us. so that they could be used by the
children. ,,11.
Gardening has been a feature of the school work, and we have
a successful garden almost every year since the school was in-
stituted. We have also had for about two years a branch of the
Berkeley Public Library installed in our school and it is increas-
ingly meeting the needs of the adult community, as well as those
of the children.
The building has been open practically every Sunday afternoon
for three years with some social activities — concerts, reading
groups, games and other forms of recreation. The Library also is
open on Sunday afternoons. The entire community of Berkeley
has been most sympathetic and has responded generously to our
needs.
The factories all along the West side, and especially those near
to the school have many times responded with sums of money for
any good object which we have had in view. The various manufac-
turers gave checks for $100, and smaller sums towards the build-
ing of the bungalow. They also gave us enough money to secure
Pathescope films for a year — five reels each week. The San
Francisco Sulphur Co., whose works adjoin the school grounds,
graveled and oiled the entire sidewalk area on both sides of the
yard, free of charge, and in fact, the factory owners have gen-
erously backed up our efforts in every way. The City of Berkeley
has put in storm sewers, and has changed Snyder Avenue, which
was simply a deep gully in 1909, into a fine well-paved street.
The Board of Education has transformed the large school yard
from a plowed field in 1909 into a well-drained, graveled, and
thoroughly satisfactory playground.
The teachers who have served in the Hawthorne school have
been most interested in the wider social aspect of their work and
have continued to be so, even after leaving. Miss Susie McClure,
Miss Mary Way, and Miss Irene BuUen, teachers of splendid in-
fluence in the community, have left, at various times, to be mar-
ried. Miss Florence Malone, one of the original group, is now
in the Lincoln School.
The present grade faculty is as follows: Miss Blanche Lewis,
Mi.ss Louise Sloan, Miss Lucile Rives, Miss Marguerite Shoecraft,
Miss Elsie Fores, Miss Marian Stone, Mrs. Irene Bullen Frazier,
who has decided to return to us as teacher of the sixth grade.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 103
A kindergarten was added in 1914, and it has flourished
splendidly under the management of Miss Helen Stern, reaching,
at the end of the spring term of 1917, an enrollment of forty-five.
One of the most satisfactory features of the kindergarten is the
eleven o'clock luncheon of crackers and milk, which has been
supplied to the children by the Board of Education during the
last year. This was done at the suggestion of Mrs. Elvina S.
Beals.
The school, which entered upon its career practically without
possessions of any kind, now has four pianos, a Victor machine,
a Radiopticon, a Pathescope moving picture machine and many
pictures and other objects of art and beauty.
The baseball team of the Hawthorne School holds the cham-
pionship for the Elementary School League.
Not a little of the success of the school as a social center is
due to the janitor, Mr. William Ofdenkamp.
For two years, however, we have had a regular social service
worker in charge of these activities in the school — Miss Martha
Parker, an eastern woman of great experience and ability, who
is also our librarian. Her salary as social worker is paid by vari-
ous members of the Federated Churches organization.
Mr. Gustave Schneider, Superintendent of Public Playgrounds
for Berkeley, has carried out the idea of co-operation in social
service by using the school building as a community house in con-
nection with his work at the San Pablo Park Playground.
Our registration is now 265, and we are expecting to con-
stantly widen our influence for good in the community in the
coming years as our neighborhood grows in population and im-
portance."
104 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXVII
COLUMBUS SCHOOL
Built 1892
Architect A. H. Broad
Contractor Robert Gregg
Cost $30,000
Size of Lot.
On Allston Way 260 ft.
On Eighth Street 181 ft.
On Ninth Street 181 ft.
In 1892 this school was opened under the control of Mr. J. W.
Warnick, of the San Pablo Avenue School, with Miss Susie Mc-
Clure as vice-principal. In 1898, Mr. Elmer E. Nichols took
charge for two years. The Columbus, the Whittier and the
LeConte School buildings were built with the proceeds of the same
bond issue and were originally six-room buildings and exactly
alike.
Mr. Nichols was transferred to the Lincoln School in 1900,
and Mr. Wiggington Creed succeeded him for a short term, and
after him Mr. Robert C. Root was principal until 1903. Mr.
Root was transferred to the History Department of the High
School and Mr. H. H. Glessner was elected to fill the vacancy. In
1906 Mr. Glessner became principal of the Whittier School, and
was succeeded in the Columbus by Mr. E. H. Mosher until 1909.
Then Mr. Mosher was appointed principal of the Emerson School
in place of Miss Emelie Bergen, who was absent for a year, on
leave. Mr. Leander Good became principal of the Columbus
school in 1909. He has filled the position with credit to himself
and benefit to the department.
In 1915, during Mr. Good's temporary absence for the year,
Mr. Connell took his place.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 105
CHAPTER XXVIII
EMERSON SCHOOL
Built 1906
Architect F. D. Voorhies
Contractor N. Anderson
Cost $35,000
Size of Lot.
On Piedmont Avenue 206 ft.
On Forest Avenue 194 ft.
On Garber Street 169 ft.
In 1906, with money provided by a bond issue passed in May,
1903, a building of ten rooms was erected on the corner of Pied-
mont and Forest Avenues. Four rooms have since been added.
At first a lot on Russ Street was purchased, but this was ex-
changed later for the lot on which the Emerson School now stands.
Miss Emelie Bergen was the first principal at the opening in
1906. She was transferred from the Longfellow School. Miss
Bergen filled this position very acceptably until 1909 when she
took a year's leave of absence, and Mr. E. H. Mosher took her
place. He has proved to be "the right man in the right place."
A branch of the Public Library was located in this building.
It was and is a power for good in the school and the community
as well. As the room used by the library was needed for regular
school purposes, the Branch Library was opened on College
Avenue.
This school is one of the best equipped schools in the city,
being well supplied with all of the modern appliances for excellent
work in Music, Drawing, Domestic Arts and Cooking. The
Parents' Club has been of great assistance in the general work of
the district.
106 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXIX
LONGFELLOW SCHOOL
Built on Bancroft Way 1897
Architects Cunningham Bros.
Contractor E, J. Squire
Moved to Ward Street 1905
Cost (including additions) $40,000
Kindergarten Built in 1916
Cost $1,300
Size of Lot.
On Ward Street 160 ft.
On California Street 270 ft.
A lot on Bancroft Way, extending from Grove Street to Mc-
Kinley Avenue, was bought in 1896, and a four-room building
was erected upon this lot. This building had its frontage on
Bancroft Way.
Miss Emelie Bergen was the first principal. The school was at
first known as the "Bancroft Way School." The change of name
to the "Longfellow" was made soon after the opening.
In 1905 a lot on the corner of California and Ward Streets
was purchased and the old building was moved to this lot, and
enlarged. When the Emerson School was opened in 1906, Miss
Bergen was transferred to the principalship, and Miss Annie
Woodall took her place. Under Miss Woodall's management, as-
sisted by a fine corps of teachers, this has become one of the
largest and one of the very best of the elementary schools. A
few years ago the building was enlarged for the second time and
supplied with an assembly hall and other essentials. I mention
other essentials, because no really successful work in many es-
sential lines can be done if the assembly room is lacking. By all
means have a well equipped room of this kind in every school
building, if the best results are expected.
Since the building was enlarged for the second time, and pro-
vided with an assembly room, the growth of the school has been
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 107
such that what was intended for assembly purposes is now used
for a class room, and even the principal's office is anywhere that
an unoccupied chair or table can be found. A recent visit to this
school disclosed the fact that the same crowded conditions pre-
vail here now that were found ten years ago. The rest of the
block bounded by Ward, Sacramento and Derby Streets, should
be purchased at once, and rooms for Manual Training and Do-
mestic Arts should be provided. Some of the children go to the
Lincoln School building for Manual Training, some to the Wash-
ington, and still others to the LeConte. What success can be
expected in this department under these conditions?
Recently a fine building for the kindergarten has been erected
and a flourishing kindergarten is running on schedule time under
competent management.
108 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXX
SEVENTH STREET SCHOOL
Built 1887
Architect A. H. Broad
Contractor C. R. Lord
Cost $3,000
Size of lot 100x120 ft.
The teachers whose names are given have been identified with
this little school since the building was erected: Miss Emily
Squires, Miss Lillian Welton, Miss Emma Peterson, Miss M. Ellen
Wilson, Miss Nellie Malloy, Miss B. Louise McKee, Miss Marietta
Higgins, Miss Rita Beatty, Mrs. Emma S. Wilkes, Miss May Mac-
Dougald.
There is quite an interesting story leading to the establishing
of this school. On the corner of what was then the San Pablo
Road and the road leading westward to Jacob's Landing, later
named Delaware Street, stood a rambling, old-fashioned, clapboard
inn and postoffice. This inn was conducted by Captain and Mrs.
Bowen, who had come around the Horn from Boston. The old
captain was a veritable seafaring character. His good wife some
sixty years ago planted the tall cypress tree still standing guard
on the soil trodden by hungry and thirsty stagecoach passengers
from San Pablo on the way to Oakland. Captain Bowen's inn was
the regular stage station to the Ocean View district. The Ocean
View School became overcrowded with the advent of the Cornell
Match Factory, the Standard Soap Co., and the Southern Pacific
Railroad Co. On the death of Mrs. Bowen, business at the inn
waned and the old building was vacated.
On account of its proximity to the school the captain rented
the building to the Board of Education for its first overflow pri-
mary classes. Soon there was a demand for more room ; the build-
ing on Seventh Street, once known as the Methodist Church, and
now u.sed as Herman Sons' Hall, was utilized for primary classes.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 109
Finally, in 1887, this two-room building was erected and was
in constant use until 1905. Meanwhile the Franklin School build-
ing had been enlarged, and with the advent of Mr. Geo. D. Kier-
ulff as principal of the Franklin, all of the Seventh Street classes
were transferred, and for several years the Seventh Street build-
ing was not used. A few years since it was opened as a kin-
dergarten under the auspices of the Mothers' Clubs. It is now
occupied by the West Berkeley Public Kindergarten.
Miss Minnie Young is the kindergarten teacher.
PAGE STREET SCHOOL.
Size of lot 155x150 ft.
There was never any especial demand for a school building
here, as the Franklin School was only a few blocks away, but the
building was erected and utilized as a whole, or in part, for most
of the time. One room was filled and taught by Mrs. Wilkes for
four years. The other room was used for only one year.
After the earthquake the building was occupied by people who
had become homeless by the situation in San Francisco. Later,
the building was removed to East Tenth Street, between Univer-
sity Avenue and Bristol Street, having been purchased by Mr.
Holtz, former owner of Holtz Hall. It became the first "movie"
in West Berkeley and was called "The Fun Theater."
no HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXXI
NIGHT SCHOOLS
The proposition to establish a night school has been made
periodically for over twenty-five years. In every instance until
1911 the life of such schools for various reasons has been brief.
As long ago as 1895 a petition signed by forty young men was
presented to the Board of Education, asking for the establishing
of a night school, but owing to a shortage of funds, the class was
not organized.
The most signal failure was in 1904 or 1905. A class was
organized in a room adjoining the former office of the Superinten-
dent on Allston Way. This attempt failed on account of gross
mismanagement.
In 1911, a night school was organized in the Franklin school
building. This school has been a success from the start. The
success here is due to two main factors — the careful preliminary
work among the people done by Mr. Preston, the principal of the
Franklin school, and the selection of Mr. Hennessey as the
manager and principal of the night school. This school was
organized at about the time that the Franklin Intermediate was
organized and this change in the whole situation called for all of
the energy and care of the principal. The details of the organiza-
tion were planned by Mr. Bunker and Mr. Hennessey.
In 1913, the Lincoln night school was organized. On the
completion of the Edison building, the Lincoln night school was
discontinued and the classes were reorganized in the Edison
building. This change was made on account of better facilities for
advanced work.
The Franklin night school was transferred to the Burbank
school building in August, 1915, and we now call the school "The
Burbank Evening School." So much has been accomplished by this
school for the entire city and for the local community especially,
that I have thought it worthy of more than a passing notice. I
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 111
give in full, the report of the principal for the year ending June
30, 1916.
REPORT OF FRANKLIN-BURBANK EVENING SCHOOL
For the Year Ending May 23, 1916.
The school opened in the Franklin school building on August
31, 1915 and closed Tuesday, May 23, 1916. Including three legal
holidays, the school was in session four evenings each week for
forty weeks — a total of 160 evenings. There have been element-
ary and advanced classes in several branches. The subjects taught
during the year are: Reading, Arthmetic, Spelling, Penmanship,
Geography, Grammar, Physiology, History, Civics, Commercial
English, Algebra, Latin, Spanish, Bookkeeping, Typewriting,
Shorthand and Mechanical Drawing. The school sessions began
at 7:30 o'clock each evening except Friday and closed at 9:30.
The time was divided into four periods of thirty minutes each.
Seven teachers have been employed and there has been a total
enrollment of 355 students during the year, 234 men and 121
women. The age of the students varied from 15 to 53 years.
The educational preparation varied from absolute illiteracy to
college graduation.
Thirty-two percent of the students were of foreign birth.
These represented twenty nationalities this year, as follows:
Italian, Greek, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Swiss, Belgian, Aus-
trian, German, Russian, Swede, Norwegian, Finn, English, Irish,
Armenian, Hindoo, Japanese, Mexican and Canadian. The pre-
dominating nationalities were Greek and Mexican, in the order
named.
The course in Citizenship was completed by 12 men, who are
now ready to take out their naturalization papers. The course
in Spanish was introduced in response to a popular demand.
There have been 35 students in this course, and the work has
been very successful.
Four young men and four young women completed the
grammar school course and were awarded diplomas. One young
man and three young women received the "Certificate of Effi-
ciency" in Shorthand and Typewriting.
"Certificates of Merit" were awarded to 25 students in recog-
nition of their regular attendance and conscientious work during
the year.
112 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
The social affairs of the school have been an interesting and
valuable feature. Several evening programs and dances vi^ere
driven. A declamatory contest in which six young men participated
was very successfully carried out. Medals were presented to the
winners' by Mayor S. C. Ii-%ing. Two plays were staged and
(riven bv the students during the year.
A "Chamber of Commerce" was organized and much valuable
work in debating and general discussion was accomplished.
The "Kodak" club has been very popular. Several trips were
taken by the club, to the Exposition, Golden Gate Park and else-
where, and the pictures taken on those occasions were developed
and printed at the school.
The Bureau of Education at Washington, D. C, is now send-
ing each month, to the Superintendent of Schools, in every city
which maintains a night school, the names of all candidates for first
or second papers in his district. The Superintendent is asked to
make an effort to bring these prospective citizens into the night
school. This plan is comparatively new in Berkeley, but a few
have already been reached by these means. As the system becomes
better known there will doubtless be a greater number who will
take advantage of this opportunity. During the four years of the
school's existence more than 1,000 students have been enrolled,
and there have been 47 graduates. It is safe to say that not one
of these graduates would have had the opportunity to complete a
course were it not for the opening of this school. Thirty-five per-
cent of those enrolled the present year had completed the Eighth
grade.
An effort should be made to bring into the night school more
women of foreign birth, housekeepers and mothers of families.
Too often, the children of foreign parents grow away from their
mothers, as the latter do not learn the language and customs of
this country. If these mothers could be induced to come to the
regular classes, or to a special class in sewing once a week,
this condition might in a small measure be remedied.
The Night School is without library or reference facilities.
There should be a number of good reference books, and a number
of Bets of reference readers for the use of the evening school
students.
The Board of Education and the Superintendent have been in-
terested in this school and have granted all requests for additional
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 113
equipment when possible. With increased facilities, we expect
that the school will grow better year by year.
Respectfully submitted,
D. L. HENNESSEY, Principal.
From the Franklin Evening Star of November 15, 1915, the
following additional points are talcen as illustrating more definitely
some phases of the work.
There are a few students still in the school who will remember
the confusion and disorder that greeted, on the opening night, the
two teachers who had been assigned by Superintendent Bunker to
begin the experiment of an evening school in West Berkeley. A
small number of earnest people had come to enroll for business,
but there was a much larger number of disorderly, noisy, young
men who had come out of curiosity and to have what they con-
sidered a good time. These latter gave fictitious names on the
enrollment cards; they scuffled and threw books and played har-
monicas. Their replies to the instructor's questions were unman-
nerly to the last degree. To make matters worse, another dis-
orderly crowd gathered on the outside of the building, threw
pebbles at the window, shouted, "cat-called," and disturbed the
peace in every way possible. In the midst of the session an over-
ripe tomato, thrown through an open window, flattened itself
against the wall, splattering everything in the vicinity.
The teachers in charge dismissed the "school" early. Then
they sat down and looked at each other, blankly.
Neither of them had ever had an experience like this before.
The school was an experiment. It was up to them to make it go, or
abandon it. Their first evening had not been encouraging. Indeed
conditions could not have been much worse.
The one hopeful feature in the situation was the fact that
there had been, among the disorderly ones, a few mature, earnest
men and women, who had been visibly annoyed at the misbe-
havior of the majority. These were the nucleus about which a
school might be built, though surely the others who had been pres-
ent needed sadly the discipline and training of a school system.
If the group that had gathered that first night could be developed
into a school, it would be worth while. The teachers resolved to
keep on.
The next evening the teaching force of two was re-enforced by
three others, borrowed temporarily from the day-school. The riot-
114 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
ers. gathering outside for another evening of hilarity, were greeted
by a special policeman, pacing in front of the building. The dis-
turbers quietly faded into the darkness and there were no tomatoes
thrown that night.
The assistance of the additional teachers enabled the regular
teachers to classify and organize the students. By the close of
the week several classes were reciting regularly. Order and
earnestness were gradually coming out of chaos. At the beginning
of the second week the extra teachers and the guardian of the law
were dispensed with. This was the first week in October, 1911.
In the winter and spring of 1915, the educational department
of Stanford University sent a number of graduate students to
investigate and report upon the school systems of various cities in
Northern California.
The man who was assigned to Berkeley made a careful investi-
fration of the complete system. When he gave his report at Stan-
ford he had commendatory words to say of Berkeley's graded
schools. Intermediate schools and High schools; but he stated as
his unbiased opinion that the Franklin evening school was the
most valuable and beneficial feature of the Berkeley school system.
We are not rash enough to think that his conclusion would
be shared by all, but we feel that from rather discouraging begin-
nings the results are most encouraging.
The Burbank night school was organized into a High School
and also an Elementary school in September, 1917. Nearly 400
pupils are enrolled this fall term, and the school continues to in-
crease in numbers and efficiency as well. The number of foreign
born students in regular attendance increases each term.
Flourishing classes in Millinery and Dressmaking are conducted
by Mrs. Libbie Saunders. Young men as well as young women are
taking the course in Practical Cooking taught by Mrs. Alma
Phillips. Two or three men each month from the citizenship
cla.ss in charge of Mr. D. L. Hennessey secure their naturalization
papers. A social evening is held on the last Thursday of each
month.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 115
CHAPTER XXXII
SCHOOL GARDENS
School gardens have been maintained in Berkeley for several
years past. Some schools have taken up the work more ex-
tensively than others, due to the fact that they have available
ground. At the Hawthorne, Edison, Jefferson and Franklin
schools the school premises furnish space, while at the Whittier,
Washington, Emerson and Hillside schools vacant lots are utilized.
At the Le Conte school, in addition to the gardens on the school
premises, two vacant lots are used. In all cases the lots are given
rent free.
The individual plot system is the one most generally used,
although in some instances the long row, and community plot sys-
tems are also found. In some schools the beautification of the
grounds has been undertaken with considerable success.
Most of the instruction has been given by the regular teach-
ers of the schools. In some cases assistance has been given by
students in the department of Agriculture of the University of
California.
Tools and equipment have been provided to a limited extent by
the department. The Mothers Clubs have given some assistance
in this respect. As a rule these clubs have given their cordial
co-operation to the movement.
The gardening work has been made the basis for a large part of
the nature study, and has furnished a means of providing vital
contact with the facts and forces of nature. It has served to teach
children order, industry, respect for labor, and thrift, besides a
love and sympathy for the wonderful and beautiful. Many of the
schools have realized considerable money from the sale of garden
products. The school gardens have stimulated interest in home
gardens, which have provided much in the way of pleasant and
profitable occupation for boys and girls outside of school hours.
The Berkeley Garden Association has assisted the garden work
by furnishing seeds and bulbs at reduced rates for these youthful
gardeners.
116 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
The needs of the movement are: (1) More space for garden
work; (2) Supervision by some person well trained in the work;
(3) More teachers who can teach gardening.
The School Garden at Edison.
With the end of the term, the school garden is completing the
first year of its history, a year which has been full of hard work
for the boys and girls who were the "pioneers" in helping to make
the heavy adobe soil sufficiently friable for seed planting. To
do this meant many days of digging and wheeling away loads of
rock, broken glass, wire, etc., for some thoughtless person had
once made the present garden site a scrap heap. But the spirit of
the "pioneer" was undaunted. The soil was made ready and many
members of the first class are now gardening during the eighth
period every day, from three-fifteen until four-fifteen.
The garden is divided into two parts each fifty by one hundred
feet. One part is planted in flowers, the other in vegetables.
The vegetables harvested and marketed during the year have been
radishes, lettuce, carrots, cabbage, beets, turnips, chard, onions,
peas and potatoes. The flowers included the narcissus, daffodil,
tulips, primrose, marigold, pansy, scabiosa, stock, mignonette,
alyssum and other border plants.
Both vegetable and flower gardens are divided into small plots.
Each member of the class has a plot or two under his or her care.
In this plot, the gardener has raised his crop of flowers and vege-
tables and tried to find a market for the same. This effort has
done something toward building up a fund which is so necessary if
the garden work is to continue successfully.
To the parents, teachers and friends who have made the market
po.ssible, the gardeners are very thankful and hope to produce a
better and more abundant supply in another year.
Another source of substantial help to the school garden has
been the donation of good seed and plants. The Department of
Agriculture of the United States has been very generous in its do-
nation of both flower and vegetable seeds. The Berkeley Chamber
of Commerce, likewise, gave flower and vegetable seeds. Many
friends have given plants from their gardens. Professor Kern of
the University of California has given not only many plants but
also his time in lecturing to the class on the subject of school
gardening.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 117
CHAPTER XXXIII
MISCELLANEOUS
On June 7, 1907, the Superintendent made the following
recommendation :
"I recommend that the Board employ a Department Carpenter
and Building? Inspector, whose duty it shall be to attend to all of
the details of repairs to the school property during the coming
year. I am very sure that the Board will save more than his
salary by doing this, and at the same time the Superintendent will
be relieved from the necessity of leaving the work which properly
belongs to a Superintendent, in efforts to find a carpenter, a tinker,
a plumber or some other person to attend to calls that demand
immediate attention."
In accordance with this request and explanation made by the
Superintendent the Board at once formally elected Mr. A. H.
Broad, although he had in reality performed the work devolving
upon such a position, for years. During the years in which he
served in this capacity by his watchfulness and thorough knowl-
edge of the situation he saved many thousands of dollars for the
schools.
For the work of recent years the Jefferson, the Oxford and
the Hawthorne schools bear witness to the truthfulness of this
statement while most of the additions and changes in the building
during the last 25 years have been done under his direction and
according to his plans.
As architect, he drew the original plans and wrote the speci-
fications for the Whittier, the Columbus, the Le Conte and the
7th Street buildings. When Mr. Broad gave up the position, the
Board seems to have been equally fortunate in the selection of
Mr. E. P. Pratt to fill his place. A practical builder can do more
with a limited sum of money than any theoretical architect, whose
knowledge of school needs is limited.
118 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
THE EARTHQUAKE— (April 18, 1906).
After the earthquake a large number of pupils from San Fran-
cisco applied for admission to the schools of Oakland, Alameda
and Berkeley and accommodations must be provided for these.
Our own Hi^rh School building was entirely "out of commission"
for several months and provision had to be made at once for all of
the classes except the classes in the two room building that had
been moved from the Le Conte school lot, some time before.
None of the schools could be re-opened until after the chimneys
were examined. Nearly all of the buildings were damaged more
or less but the High School building received the most severe
"jolt" of any. After a recess of one week, all of the schools with
the exception of the High School were in complete running order.
The High School was re-opened in temporary quarters in two
weeks.
To provide the rooms necessary for this school, the Commer-
cial School was moved to Wilken's Hall on Haste Street. The
Commercial School building, the Allstcn Way building, the super-
intendent's old office, the Sunday School rooms of Trinity M. E.
church, Ellsworth Street and AUston Way, and the Sunday
School rooms of the Baptist church at the foot of Fulton Street
were available. In addition to these the Board leased the old
Trinity M. E. church building, corner of Allston Way and Fulton
Street, for five months from August 1, 1906 to January 1, 1907.
Partitions were erected dividing the Sunday School room on
the first floor into four class rooms while the main audience room
on the second floor was used as a study room and an Assembly
Hall. We had 10 class rooms in this one building.
The old building, one of the land marks of Berkeley, has re-
cently been removed.
THE SCHOOL CENSUS.
Under the old law the actual enumeration of all children be-
tween the ages of 5 and 17 years was made in May of each year
by a Census Marshal and his deputies appointed by the Board. At
thlH time the work of Census Marshal was a very important one
and required accuracy and thoroughness in every detail, as the
State school money was apportioned upon the basis of the school
census, giving a certain amount for every 70 census children or
fraction of 70, over 20. As the present law provides for the
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 119
apportionment based upon the "average attendance" there is no
school census. The census was taken for the last time in 1911.
The following table shows by successive years the increase
in the number of census children in Berkeley from 1879 to 1907:
1879 515 1894 2209
1880 519 1895 2501
1881 630 1896 2724
1882 613 1897 2822
1883 708 1898 2830
1884 871 1899 2955
1885 879 1900 3193
1886 884 1901 3377
1887 1001 1902 3717
1888 1026 1903 3910
1889 1162 1904 4454
1890 1324 1905 4840
1891 1457 1906 5331
1892 1971 1907 6493
1893 2186
This indicates fairly the gradual increase in the population of
the city for nearly 30 years.
COLUMBUS DAY CELEBRATION.
In October 1892, the school department celebrated the 400th
anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. The chil-
dren from all parts of the town, led by their teachers proceeded
to the old "Cinder Track" on the University Campus. A platform
had been erected here and seats had been provided for the chil-
dren. An appropriate program was given in which the children
participated.
PRESIDENTIAL VISITS TO BERKELEY.
President Harrison made a flying trip through Berkeley while
touring on the Pacific coast. He came from West Berkeley up
University Avenue and through the Campus and out of the U. C.
grounds to Telegraph Avenue and thence to Oakland. The chil-
dren formed near the old Bacon Library building but that was all
that it amounted to as no halt of the Presidential party was made.
The same course was taken in Oakland and the children as well
as the grown people were much disappointed. Popular indigna-
120 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
tion was exceedinjrly marked. At the next Presidential election
when Harrison was a candidate for re-election against Cleveland,
many voters remembered the visit of the President a year or two
iK'fo're and pave him the "double cross."
When President Roosevelt came to Berkeley for the first time
he received a royal welcome at the hands of the entire community
but especially the children. The sidewalks on both sides of Center
Street were filled to the curb with children having festoons of flow-
ers and evergreens. Mr. Charles Keeler, our Berkeley poet, super-
intended this part of the work. A large platform was erected at
the corner of Center and Oxford Streets and provided with seats
for the smaller children. Mr. Roosevelt responded so heartily,
that every one who remembered President Harrison's visit did not
fail to mark the contrast. This was emphatically the children's
day.
President Taft was received by the entire school department on
California field. The children, under the leadership of Miss
Hartley, sang the usual patriotic songs and the day was one "long
to be remembered" by young and old in Berkeley.
President McKinley's visit to the East Bay cities was marked
by ^eat enthusiasm — the entire population apparently joining in
the welcome. The children of Oakland, Alameda, Berkeley and
the adjoining parts of the county were assigned to positions on
the sidewalks of the streets through which the procession was to
pass. In Berkeley a platform for the little children was erected
on the Kellogg school lot west of the building and on the street.
MEETING OF THE C. T. A. IN 1905.
In 1904, the C. T. A. held its annual meeting in Los Angeles,
and the invitation of Berkeley school people resulted in the hold-
ing of the meeting for 1905 in Berkeley. The University authori-
ties gave the use of all the rooms necessary for the general and
special sessions. Many of the counties held their Institute in Ber-
keley at the same time. In 1905, there was hardly a decent hotel
in the city and the restaurant service was "hostile". This was
the largest meeting of the association up to this time and the most
iiucce.ssful one in every respect except in the means provided for
feeding the large numbers in attendance. However, the street
car service to Oakland on various lines enabled every one to attend
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 121
without any very serious inconvenience. A committee of citizens
who served at the request of the Superintendent managed the
financial part of the affair.
An unusual meeting of the Alameda County Institute was
held, one day in Oakland, one in Alameda, and one in Berkeley.
We found some difficulty in securing rooms for the general as-
sembly and for the section work, but Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst hear-
ing of our dilemma with her usual generosity kindly offered us the
use of the entire building known as Hearst Hall— and not only
this but we were entertained with music and were also served with
refreshments. It was a most enjoyable day.
PRACTICE TEACHERS.
There was a request annually for years from the Department
of Education of the University that seniors in the Educational
department be allowed to assist in the Grade work in the schools.
While this plan was of great assistance in some cases, it met
with very serious opposition from many of the patrons of the
schools who objected to paying good salaries to experienced
teachers and then having the work turned over to young girls
without experience in order to give them the practice required by
law to enable them to obtain proper certificates for teaching. The
whole scheme was a bad one. The condition has been remedied
by the opening of the "University High School" in Oakland.
UNGRADED CLASSES.
Ungraded classes were organized in several of the larger
schools and were maintained for several years. These classes
enabled unusually bright children to advance more rapidly than
they could in their regular grades. The chief benefit comes to the
sub-normal youngster who needs more individual attention than
could be given in the regular class work. The additional expenses
of the department for several years after the earthquake com-
pelled the Board to retrench, and the ungraded classes were
discontinued in order to enable the Board to meet the extra ex-
penses of administration and supervision and other necessary ex-
penses. In every large school there should be some such provision
as the ungraded class affords.
THE KINDERGARTENS.
In 1905 or 1906 two kindergartens were established — one in
Iffl HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
North Berkeley and the other in South Berkeley. These were
supported by the patrons. The Board was urged repeatedly to
establish one or two as experiments, but it seemed so manifestly
unfair to establish these at public expense while only the few
received the benefit, that much opposition to the plan manifested
itaelf. The following from the Superintendent's report, July,
1907, covers the case as it stood at that time:
"The question of establishing free kindergartens as a part of
the public school system is one that presented itself, and one
which demands careful consideration. There is the educational
side as well as the financial side to be considered. It must be
understood that if kindergartens are established, the expense of
running them must be met entirely from the town fund. The
Superintendent doubts the expediency of establishing any experi-
mental kindergarten in any one section of the town, to the ex-
clusion of any other section. It would doubtless be more satis-
factory to the people who are urging this matter, to have the
kindergartens established in all parts of the town at the same
time. In order that these classes may be successfully conducted,
they must be established in the same building and under the same
control as the other classes. In Sacramento, Los Angeles, Santa
Barbara and other towns where kindergartens are successful, they
are conducted in this way. I recommend that the Board carefully
consider this whole question before taking any decisive steps."
By recent legislation the school authorities must establish pub-
lic kindergartens in schools where there are 25 children of kin-
dergarten age, whose parents ask for such establishment. By the
same legislation provision is made for financial support.
The Seventh Street building furnishes an excellent kinder-
jrarten for the Franklin and the Columbus Schools. There is a
well organized kindergarten at the 12 other elementary schools.
In the John Muir School there is a Montessori section for children.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 123
CHAPTER XXXIV
OUR FLAG
I received recently the following from one who has served his
country long and faithfully — one who is so well known to the
Berkeley people, Major J. T. Morrison, U. S. A. (retired) :
"Mr. S. D. Waterman,
"Dear Sir: I noticed in a recent issue of the Berkeley 'Daily
Gazette' that you are preparing a history of the Berkeley schools
and I beg to suggest that, just at this time, it might be interesting
to mention that the first complete system of School Flags on the
Pacific Coast (if not in the United States), was established in
Berkeley, Cal. If the subject interests you, particulars can be
furnished."
I immediately replied, asking for particulars, and at once re-
ceived the following, to me, very interesting reply:
"Dear Sir:
Replying to your note, I can only say that I am "long" on
facts and "short" on dates. The facts in this case are as follows:
Somewhere about 1889 or 1890 a member of the Board of
Town Trustees of the Town of Berkeley conceived the idea of
a complete system of school flags to serve as an impressive object
lesson in patriotism for the growing generation and the generations
to follow. Permission to put the plan into execution was ob-
tained from the Board. A few individual subscriptions were re-
ceived at once and the opportunity was offered to the school chil-
dren to contribute their bit, to which they cheerfully responded.
The flags were ordered from Detroit, Mich., and when re-
ceived were installed as follows: One Post Flag for each school
house on staffs contributed by mills and mechanics, and one re-
cruiting or storm flag suspended over the teacher's desk in each
class room. Teachers and janitors were insti'ucted to see that the
outside flags were always floated during school hours and on
National and State holidays and on all other appropriate occasions.
When all was done quietly and without public demonstration a
124 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
small balance was turned over to the town treasurer to form the
basis of a fund for the maintenance of the system. This, I be-
lieve on good authority, to be the first complete system of school
flags established on the Pacific Coast and possibly the first in the
United States. These are the 'facts.' I think the matter became
of record in the proceedings of the Town Board."
Yours respectfully,
MAJ. J. T. MORRISON, U. S. A.
As Major Morrison is "short" on dates, I referred to the rec-
ords of the Town Board with the following- result: The resolution
was introduced by Major Morrison, himself, who was a member
of the Board of Town Trustees at the time. I ascertained this,
not from the records, but from one who is perfectly familiar with
all of the earlier details. The year I could not fix, but think it
must have been 1891 or 1892, for the flagstaff on the Kellogg
School building was put there on February 21st, 1892, by our
friend and fellow citizen, Mr. Robert Gregg. Either the flag
was too large or the flagstaff was too short. At any rate, a change
was made at once.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 125
CHAPTER XXXV
THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY
Since the public library has become such an important factor
in educational work, I have thought it advisable to write a short
account of the early days of our library, and at the same time to
give to all interested a clear account of what the library is now
doing to assist in the work and to advance the educational inter-
ests of the city. The following condensed account, taken from
the Berkeley "Daily Gazette" of January 27th, 1905, covers the
work up to that year:
The upper floor of the new Carnegie library building on
Shattuck Avenue was hardly spacious enough to hold the immense
number of citizens who gathered there last night to attend the
exercises of the opening. Eight hundred books were given in as
admission and there were many who entered without a volume.
Dr. J. Edson Kelsey spoke on "The Beginning" as follows:
In 1892 my brother and I owned a drug store on Shattuck
Avenue near Addison Street. At that time there were several
students who were making their way through the University by
reporting for the San Francisco newspapers. Among the young
men who made our store their headquarters was William H.
Waste, our Assemblyman. In the fall of that year there was a
great sensation when it became known that a number of boys
were frequenting a billiard parlor where gambling and drinking
were indulged in. As one of the boys who worked for me fre-
quented the place, I became much interested. A letter was written
to the Berkeley "Advocate" stating the facts in the case and sug-
gesting the advisability of fitting up a room with books and games,
where the boys could have the proper influence about them when
away from home. Mrs. Marquand, who was then the editor of
the "Advocate," became interested and kept the subject before the
people by frequent notices.
We interviewed some of the leading citizens and found many
who favored the idea. At a mass meeting held in Shattuck Hall,
126 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
D. L. Bishop was elected temporary chairman and H. Sangster
secretary. A permanent organization was formed, with Waste,
president. Sangster, secretary, and Kelsey, treasurer.
We rented a store in a convenient location on Shattuck
Avenue and had it fitted up into two rooms. All helped in getting
ready to open — some by gifts of money; some by books and mag-
Mines; others by labor, and John Boyd, by giving the use of his
horse and wagon for a number of days to bring in the donations.
The front room was the library with linoleum on the floor, long
tables for magazines, comfortable high-backed chairs, and a desk
and table for the librarian. There w^ere also a few book cases,
but a sufficient number were soon provided. The rear room, sep-
arated from the front room by swinging doors had a Brussels
carpet, chairs, a piano, tables, etc. — and was provided with many
sorts of games. Both rooms were lighted by oil lanterns.
Miss Lucy W. Luhn was our first librarian. Mr. J. D. Lay-
man, one of the first contributors, gave a full set of the works
of Oliver Wendell Holmes, in consideration of which we were to
name the library the Holmes Public Library. Mr. Lajonan was
at this time one of the assistant librarians at the University. He
.spoke of "The Struggle" as follows:
The Board of Directors elected on the evening of December
.Trd. 1892. when the Holmes Library Association was organized
was as follows:
W. H. Waste, president; J. H. Sangster, secretary; Dr. J. E.
Kelsey, treasurer; D. L. Bishop, P. R. Boone, J. I. Logan, E. B.
Payne. F. K. Shattuck, S. D. Waterman, E. T. Whittemore, C. W.
Woodworth, J. D. Layman.
A gift of 250 volumes from the Young Women's Christian
Union was received and three people were hired to make a sys-
tematic canvass of the entire town. By the 11th of January the
sum of $920 was pledged toward the expenses for 1893. Miss
Lucy Wheeler was elected librarian at a salary of $50 a month, and
she was to pay the janitor out of her salary. Then came the open-
ing night on February 10th, 1893, when nearly 300 people were
visitors. Thus the movement was gotten under way without a
struggle. Ah, yes, but the struggle came later in 1894 when the
money of 1893 was all gone and many of our kind friends did not
feci like renewing their subscriptions; when expenses continued
and the treasury was chronically empty, — then it was that the
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 127
struggle came. Many hours were spent and many homes were
visited. In my diary I find notes like this: On October 28th,
1894: 'Poor Moore. I have not quite forgotten his delayed sal-
ary.' This was after the treasurer's office had descended twice
and had fallen upon me.
We even attempted to raise money by an entertainment under
the direction of Prof. Tonielli. When it was all over he claimed
that I owed him $6. I paid it, but he never even paid his hall
rent, as I afterward learned from Mr. Shattuck. Of course, the
library got nothing. We used various advertising schemes. One
year it was a calendar. But the printer got them ready two weeks
too late. I buried them in my garden. In the cold winter weather
we used an oil stove to heat the room, which we called the Fireside.
It got overlooked one evening and smoked so much that we had
to retint the room.
But rather than recount more mishaps, I would here publicly
thank the many hundred people who in 1893, 1894, and 1895, so
graciously contributed the many, many mites which held the
library together and kept it useful until its better day dawned,
when it was accepted by the town and became our municipal pride.
A letter from Sacramento, from our Assemblyman, Hon. W. H.
Waste, regretting his inability to be in attendance, was read. Mr.
Waste had been assigned the subject "From '92 to '95" and we
all regTetted that he could not leave his duties in the Assembly so
near the close of the session.
Professor Leon J. Richardson of the University of California,
a member of the Library Board, delivered a very interesting ad-
dress on the "Choice of Books." He first spoke on the problem of
what books should be selected and what books rejected by the
book committee. He also treated the choice of books from the
standpoint of the individual reader and in regard to the best books.
President Waterman in behalf of the Library Board spoke as
follows on the "Carnegie Library:"
The program this evening is merely an incident — the real
purpose of this gathering is to give the citizens of Berkeley an
opportunity to inspect the building and to see for themselves
what the Board of Library Trustees have been doing with the
money so generously provided by Mr. Carnegie. This building
has no apology to make for its existence and the members of the
Board have no apology to make for it. It speaks for itself, but
128 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
it is well that a few words should be spoken by a representative of
the Board, as to the 'Carnegie Library,' in order that the people,
whose servants they have been and are, may be informed as to
some of the details connected with the work. The members of
the Board have been a unit in doing whatever has been done and
the accomplishing of whatever has been accomplished has resulted
from this unity of action. The thought uppermost in the minds
of the members has been, 'How shall we best expend the money
at our disposal? How shall we best serve the interests of the
people whose servants we are?' We must acknowledge our in-
debtedness to those who have made this work of ours possible. In
the first place our thanks are due to Mrs. Shattuck for the gift of
this fine lot, 103 by 150 feet; then to the Town Trustees who so
promptly guaranteed the maintenance of the library. Then to
Hon. Andrew Carnegie for his gift of $40,000, which has made
the erection of this building a reality, not merely a possibility;
then to the architect, Mr. John Galen Howard, for to his watchful-
ness and care, to his attention to every detail, to his earnest co-
operation in everything pertaining to the building and its furnish-
ings, to his close oversight of the work itself, joined with the hon-
esty and integrity of the contractor, Mr. Robert Gregg, the ex-
cellence of this structure is due.
To William Keith, for his beautiful painting.
To Midd Newhall, for a like gift.
To A. H. Broad, L. M. Hale and Mrs. Fairbanks, for paintings.
To 0. V. Lange, for the fine photograph of Tamalpais.
To Mrs. Orr, for the "Sistine Madonna."
To Amos Huggins, for a gift of $40.
To the W. C. T. U., for a fine likeness of Frances E. Willard.
To the ladies who have assisted in furnishing the children's
room.
To the children, for their gift of 1000 volumes, and for the
beautiful clock as a part of the furniture of the children's room.
To the Junior Cadets, for a beautiful silk flag, and to every
one else who has assisted by gifts of money, books, pictures, time
or in any other way, the thanks of the Board are extended, and
through thorn, the thanks of the people. We want you to feel
that this building is a strictly honest building from foundation to
roof.
May the library, as it increases in the number of books and in
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 129
their circulation, increase also in its influence for good in the
community, and may it be the means of great benefit to the youth
and children of Berkeley."
The Holmes Public Library, as has been shown, was organized
in 1893, and was supported without any direct expense to the
town.
Entertainments and programs of different kinds were given in
Shattuck Hall, the price of admission being one or more books
suited to the needs of the library. We called these entertain-
ments "Book Socials." At one of these a representative pupil
from each school in town talked about the library and what it
represents to the "grown ups" as well as to the children.
At another of these "Book Socials" several hundred volumes
of excellent character were given at the door, one party bringing
a full reference encyclopedia of over twenty volumes.
Representatives from all the churches and other prominent citi-
zens were invited to give five-minute talks at one of these gather-
ings and this was a very effective way of bringing the situation be-
fore the people.
In December, 1895, the Holmes Public Library turned over to
the town of Berkeley all of its property, books, magazines, fur-
niture, fixtures, etc., and ceased to exist, and the Berkeley Free
Public Library took its place, the Town Trustees providing for its
maintenance. At first the Library Trustees were elected, but a
change was made by a new charter, I think, and the members
since that time have been appointed by the Mayor or Board of
Trustees.
The upper story of the building on the northwest corner of
Allston Way and Shattuck Avenue was fitted up and was occu-
pied as a library and reading room until the completion of the
Carnegie Library building, which was opened to the public in
February, 1905.
It is impossible to estimate the amount of good that has re-
sulted from the establishing of this library. The great present
misfortune is that the "powers that be," who furnish the shekels
for the current expenses of the library, do not fully appreciate
what an immense power for the young is centered here.
Additional rooms at the central building and three or four
branches in the parts of the city especially needing the same, with
a liberal apportionment for books and equipment, would do won-
180 HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
ders for the advancement of the educational interests of the town.
The library is at present working zealously in conjunction with
the teachers to assist the schools in every possible way. The fol-
lowing, condensed from the report of the librarian, will give an
idea of the importance of this work:
"There are two main problems confronting the library at this
time. One is, how may the library hope to satisfy the rapidly
increasing demands for service made on it with a very slowly in-
creasing revenue? During the past four years the circulation of
books has increased four times as rapidly as the income from the
taxes."
"The urgent and immediate need for a greatly enlarged central
building is the second problem pressing for solution."
The overcrowded condition of the main building and the gen-
erally unsatisfactory condition of the branch libraries should be
sufficient to secure speedy and permanent relief. Permanent
branch library buildings are needed in West Berkeley, Claremont
and the combined South Berkeley and Ashby district.
"In September, 1915, systematic work with the schools was
undertaken by the library and a special collection of 'School Du-
plicates' for home and school reading was purchased. Owing to
the limited resources of the school duplicate collection, it was
found necessary to limit the school libraries to twenty volumes
each. Eighty-six teachers in 14 schools availed themselves of this
collection during the first year and the total circulation recorded
for the year was 17,468 volumes.
Some teachers came to the library and selected their books
personally; others sent in lists of books desired. The development
of this work with the schools has been the most important single
piece of new work undertaken during the year.
The following circular leaflet has been issued by the library:
"The work of the school department for the school year pro-
gressed encouragingly in spite of our still limited supply of books.
During the opening week of school in August, folders telling of
the resources and aims of the school department of the library
were mailed to all of the teachers of the elementary grades ex-
cepting those of the first grade. The response was immediate and
after a few follow-up letters had been sent later the school de-
partment shelves were practically cleared, and several hundred
volumes had been drawn from the children's room. In all class
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS 131
room libraries were sent to 119 teachers in the eighteen element-
ary schools as against the 86 teachers in fourteen schools served
the previous year, and the total circulation of the 3679 volumes
thus sent out during the year was 24,468 — an increase of 7000
over the circulation of last year.
"The teachers have been very free in expressing their appre-
ciation of the service extended to them, as they find it a great
help in their work as well as an advantage to the children.
"Many concrete examples could be cited, from that of the
teacher who came in to say that she felt that her success with her
second and third grade pupils was due in a large part to the books
that she had had from the public library, to the small boy who
read all of the books in his class room library and told the teacher
that he had put three of them on his Christmas list, and later re-
ported with great pride that he had received two of them. This
latter case may seem a small thing, but to those of us who know
that we must measure our results by small things, it is one of the
bright spots of the year's work, for not only must the love of read-
ing be inculcated in the child, but also the desire to own the books
he likes.
"Thus far we have not supplied books for the first grade,
though we have had many calls for them. To supply these would
mean a collection of the best (and consequently, expensive) pic-
ture books. Such a collection could be used with great advantage,
especially in the West Berkeley schools. Nor have we been able
to furnish all of the more advanced histories that are needed for
the intermediate schools. While these books are in the adult de-
partment, the demand for them there is such that they cannot be
spared for the long periods for which they are needed at the
schools.
"As soon as the school department collection will permit, the
number of books in each class room collection should be increased
from twenty to forty volumes, that being the number generally
desired by the teachers."
182
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXXVI
NAMES OF TEACHERS WHO HAVE TAUGHT IN THE
BERKELEY SCHOOLS FOR ONE YEAR OR MORE.
Ottilia Abendroth
Hilda Abraham
Blanche Albee
W. H. Alexander
Portia Ackerman
Alma Albin
Kara Allen
Mary Allen
C. G. Ames
Georgia Ames
Marv Ames
'(Mrs. Van Dyke)
W. W. Anderson— 1881-1884
Lily Andrews
A. Gertrude Anthony
Marcia Ardley
Mrs. N. .1. Ashton
A. W. Atherton
Florence Atkinson
Lydia Atterbury
Marparet Augusta
(Mrs. Frank Todd)
C. L. Austin
Ida S. Bading
Edith Bailey
Ella M. Baiiey
Marion S. Baker
(Mrs. Beedles)
Evalyn Banker
Mrs. Carrie Parker
Alma Barnett
Grace Barnett
E. W. Barnhart
Flora M. Barron
R. Jeannc'tte Barrows
Florence Bartling
1883-4. and 1895-1901
G. r. Barton
Mar>' Deal
Ruth Beardsley
(Mrs. Biddell)
Margaret Beatty
Myrtie A. Beck
(Mrs. Thornton)
Alice Beebe
(Mrs. Sharpe)
Nina Beebe
Alfreda Berg
Emily Bergen
C. L. Biedenbach
Leda C. Biehl
Winnifred Bigley
Ada Bistorious
Helen Blacker
Anna Bley
Joseph L. Blumb
Paul Boehncke
C. P. Bowles
Wilhelmine F. Bolsted
Nellie M. Borton
Nelle J. Boston
Lillian M. Bowland
Beth Bozarth
Bertha Bradley
Mary Bradley
Ella Bradley
Mary L. Brehm
Lillie B. Bridgeman
Minnie Brennan
Gilbert W. Brink
Rachel Brockman
Thirmuthis Brookman
Laura Brotherton
Violet Brown
Charles O. Bruce
Nellie B. Bryant
Jennie Bryson
Nellie Bunker
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
133
Irene Bullen
(Mrs. Frazier)
Frank F. Bunker
(City. Supt. 1908-1912)
Henrietta Burroughs
Selina Burston
Florence J. Buttle
Olive Buford
Inice Button
(Mrs. Clarke)
C. W. Calhoun
Mary E. Cameron
Eva V. Carlin
Agnes Carpenter
Frances Carter
Lillian G. Chace
Bertha Chamberlain
Paul G. Chapman
June Chappell
Edith Cheney
Martha Chevret
Edith Chipchase
Madeline Christy
Emma L. Clark
Mrs. E. A. Clark— 1881-1883
Miss L. A. Clark
Stella Clark
(Mrs. Clayton)
W. B. Clark
Edith darken
Margaret Clausen
Sarah Cleary
Mary B. Clayes
Blanche Clements
March Clements
Belle Clisbie
Maude E. Clark— 1887-1890
Bessie Cloudman
Albert Cobert
Lida Coddington
Hilda Coeke
Florence Coleman
Margarethe Colmore
Carol Coman
Mary Concannon
M. J. Congdon
Florence Conerer
W. J. Connell
Norine Connolley
Claire Converse
William J. Cooper
Hazel Cope
Eva Cornwall
Jennie Cartwright
Amy Cotrel
Ida M. Crowley
Gulielma R. Crocker
Cecilia C. Cronise
Katherine Crosby
J. E. Cuddeback
Edith F. Culin
Helena W. Curtis
Mrs. N. E. Curtis— 1882-1887
Mary Daniels
Mrs. S. P. Daniels
Adella Darden
Cassie Davidson
F. H. Davidson
Edna B. Davis
Ellie M. Davis— 1881-1883
Mary Louise Davis
Mrs. Margaret L. Davis
Grace Dawson
Lisbeth Day
M. Elma Dean
W. H. DeBell
Elizabeth De Lancie
Ella H. De Wolf— 1879-1882
Donna De Luce
Monroe E. Deutsch
Mark De Witt
Henry B. Dewing
Rosa Diehl
Edith M. Dietz
Belva Dix
Lucy Donohue
Rebecca Donohue
C. S. Downes
Rosemary Dobbins
John S. Drew
Albertine DuBois
Ava Earle
Annie C. Edmonds — 1886-1912
H. W. Edwards
Dora Ellerhorst
Etta Ellerhorst
E. B. Ellis
Mrs. Clara T. Elliot
1S4
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
J. Arthur Elston
T. Sidney Elston
Ethel En^ebretsen
Hazel En^rebretsen
C. S. Evans
Paul Evans
Alice Eveleth
Mabel Fairchild
Lily Falck
(Mrs. Andrews)
Julia Farney
Grace Farwell
Nina Farwell
Edna Finley
Mabel Fisher
Natta Fisher
Edith Flap:g
Hazel Fordemwalt
Margraret E. Foreman
Rebecca Fox
Sarah Fox
Laura Frank
Annie Mills Eraser
Calla C. Frazier
Walter Frederickson
Sarah T. French— 1878-1905
Ruth Fisher
A. L. Fuller
William D. Fuller
Mary T. Gallaj^her
Ernestine Gardner
Adella Gay
May Gearhart
P. Adele Gilbert
Autrusta Gillespie
Thomas Glass
H. H. Glessner
Jessie Gobel
C. F. Gompertz
Helen Gompertz
Leander Good
A. Graham— 1886-1888
Anna Graser
A. A. Gray
Mrs. M. C. Gregory
Gladys Grinstead
Harriet M. Grover
Katherine Cruel!
Will A. Hackley
Frank L. Hain
Ella F. W. Haley
Mabel Hall
Susan M. Hall
A. J. Hamilton
Helen Hamlin
Lillian Hamlin
(Mrs. Weir)
Frances Hanley
Ruth Hannas
Marion A. Hanscom
(Mrs. Birrill)
Mabel Hansen
Olive B. Harper
Mrs. Grace Haring
A. C. Harris — 1889
Edna B. Harris
Victorine Hartley
Flora Hartwell
Charlotte M. Hayford
Effie Hawkins
Opal Hays
Matilda Hein
Benn M. Helphenstine
Kathryn Heintz
Cassie Henderson
Eva Henderson
Gertrude Henderson
Charlotte Henley
Grace Henley
D. L. Hennessey
Karl Henrich
Zella Henrich
Marietta Higgins
Adrianna E. Hill
Grace Hillyard
E. B. Hoag
Ruth W. Hobson
Eunice Hodson
F. W. Hoffman
Jomella Hoffman
Clara Hoffmire
Louise Holling
Sadie Honn
Annie J. Hopkins
G. H. Horton
Nellie Horton
Louise Howard
Mrs. E. J. Hubbard
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
135
May Huddart
Harriet Huf^gins
Samuel Hughes
W. B. Huj2:hson
Ruth Hugy
Florence Hurd
Gertrude Hussey
Mrs. C. E. Hutton
J. C. Hunt
Cora Irvine
Sue Irwin
Louise A. Jacobs
Manuel Jacobs
E. O. James
M. C. James
City Superintendent 1912
Antonia Johnson
Susie Johnson
George J. Johnstone
Alice Jones
Ethel Jones
Eleanor H. Jones
Franklyn Jones
Ada G. Jordan
Ida Juillerat
Emma C. Juth
Mamie Kastens
Alice Keefer— 1882-1918
Ruth Kellogg
Elizabeth Kelsey
Genevieve Kelton
Mrs. G. S. Kemble
Marian A. Kendall
Cora W. Kennedy
Harold C. Keran
P. M. Kerr
Luella Kibbe
Louise Kidder
Zinie Kidder
Geo. D. KierulflF
Marian Kinell
Mabel L. King
Winnifred King
Mabel Kingsland
Caroline Koford
(Mrs. Kirschner)
Ottilia Klein
Oleta Kohlmoos
Mildred Kreischer
Grace Kretsinger
Fritz Konrad Kreuger
Helen Lacy
Jeanette Langdon
Lucille LaGrange
Delphine C. Larson
Bertha Lawford
Winnifred Lawton
Edith M. Lee
Elisabeth Lehr
E. B. Lamare
R. J. Leonard
Lulu Levassier
Blanche Lewis
Annie Logan
Mrs. H. E. Longenecker
H. E. Longenecker
Josephine Longmire
Rachel Lothrop
Maude Lovejoy
(Mrs. Penfield)
Clifford E. Lowell
Georgella Lowrey
Juliet H. Lumbard
Eleanor MacKenzie
Marion Madsen
Ethel Main
Florence Malone
Helen Mangels
Laura Marshall
Helen Martin
Matilde Martin
Margaret Matthew
Mary G. Maxwell
Bessie Mayne
Minnie Mayne
Nettie Meek
Minnie Metz
Sophie Meyer
Clinton Miller
Jennie Miller
Ida C. Miller
Irene Miller
Lizzie Miller
Martha Miller
(Mrs. Scales)
Jessie Mitchell
G. W. Monroe
G. B. Moody
136
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Isabel Moore
Sitrah MorRan
Amy Morrish
Blanche Morse
Hubv Morse
E. H'. Mosher
Edith Mossman
Amy Mott
Eugenia Mouser
Loretta Munro
Marv McCall
Mary McCleave
Susie McClure
Ethel McCormick
A. Beatrice Macdonald
Elizabeth McGuire
Nettie McKay . ^
(Mrs. Jean M. Skimmins)
W. G. McKean
Mary E. MacDougald
Jane W. McKeand
Mabel McKee
Apnes McLean
Fannie W. McLean
Irene McLeod
Katherine MacMillan
H. A. Nelson
Marie Neuberger
Katherine Nevius
Amelia Newmark
Nellie Newton
Elmer E. Nichols
W. W. Nichols
Mrs. N. M. Norman
Nella Noyes
Annie McLeod
Anna O'Bannon
Mary O'Bannon
Lida O'Bannon
Mary J. O'Connor
Marion O'Neal
Katherine O'Toole
Eleanor Orpren
S. L. Osborne
Apnes Paden
Mabel Palmer
Miss A. L. Parker
Harriet Parker
Clelia Paroni
Clara M. Partridge
Alma Patterson
J. A. Pearce
C. W. Peck
Elizabeth Peck
F. E. Perham,
City Supt. 1887-'88
B. A. Perkins
Emma S. Peterson
(Mrs. Wilkes)
I. A. Pfaffenberger
Alma Phillips
Hallie B. Porter
Mrs. C. G. Potwin
Edna Potwin
Bertha C. Prentice
James T. Preston
Elizabeth Prindle
Alice Maud Pryor
Ada H. Ramsdell
Mary E. Rawdon
J. W. Raymer
Alice L. Raymond
Annie Raymond
Laura Rector
Eva Reeve
Eleanor Reeves
Carrie L. Remington
(Mrs. Watson)
Kate Renwick
Lelah Reynolds
Margaret Rhodes
Violet Richardson
Carmel Riley
Lucile Rives
Minnie Roane
Hazel Roberts
Myrtle Roberts
M^ Edna Robinson
Lucy M. Robinson
W. Rode
Lenore Roedding
Louise Roesch
Alice M. Rogers
Harriet D. Rogers
O. E. Rogers
Josephine Roller
R. C. Root
Grace M. Rowell
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
137
Lillias M. Rowlands
Nellie Runyon
Lora G. Rush
Clyda Russell
E. K. Safford
Mary A. Sampson
Lucy E. Sanchez
Louise Santos
Mrs. E. J. Seabury
Eva E. Scribner
Nelson L. Scribner
Marian E. Seaver
W. L. Seawright
Ella M. Shaw
Geneva L. Shaw
Lyra J. Shaw
Loretta J. Shaw
A. N. Sheldon
H. F. Sheldon
Mattie C. Sheldon
Alice Sherfey
Emily Sherman
Marguerete Shoecraft
Mrs. Mary H. Sims
Josephine Skeehan
Annabel Skinner
Mona Skinner
Louise Sloane
Eleanor M. Smith
L. R. Smith
Marion C. Smith
Nelson C. Smith
Susie Smith
Edith Sprague
Mrs. Caroline P. Sprague
1882-1887
Emily Squires — 1882-1889
Olive Squires
A. W. Stamper
Sue Starkweather
Isabel Steams
(Mrs. Gavin)
Stella Stearns
Lulu Stedman
Jennie W. Steeves
(Mrs. Montgomery)
Helen Stern
Katherine Sterne
(Mrs. Weiler)
Mary E. Sterne
Edith C. Stewart
Louise Stokes
Eva M. Stone
Marion Stone
Nell Stone
Ethel Story
Harriet M. Stout
F. L. Stuart
Margaret Summers
Mrs. L. V. Sweesy
Luie E. Taft
Lillian Talbert
C. E. Taylor
Hester P. Tefft
Lucy Thomas
Herbert L. Thumm
Violet Tompkins
Mabel Toner
Emily V. Truman
Alice Tucker
F. B. Tucker
Hilda Turner
Zella Van Ornam
Henry Veghte — 1884-1890
Bertha Vervalin
Veda Vervalin
May C. Wade
Mrs. C. O. Waldorf
(May C. Waldorf)
Mary Walton
Rosa Wrampfler
J. W. Warnick
Roy E. Warren
Elsie Wartenweiler
S. D. Waterman,
Supt. 1899-1908
Gertrude Watts
Mary L. Way
Margaret Webb
M. Angle Webster
Louetta Weir
Earle V. Weiler
Lillian Welton— 1887-1892
Virginia Welton — 1889-1890
Marion Wendt
Alice Wevmouth
Ella M. Weymouth
Rose Whinnery
138
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Beth Wiley
Elsie V. Wiley
Zona Williams
Mrs. Beatrice Wilmans
Anna E. Wilson
M. Ellen Wilson
Flora Wilson
Mabel Wilson
Mae Wilson
Mrs. May T. Wilson
D. Winter
Grace Winters
Maude G. Winters
William Wirt
Elisabeth Wolf
A. M. Wolfenden
Agnes Wood
Annie Woodall
Gussie Woodall
Hilda Woodin
Carrie Woodley
D. R. Wood
Leta J. Woodworth
J. B. Wooten
Nellie Wright
Mrs. Essie Young
Frances Young
Lena Young
Roy J. Young
Zoe Zartman
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
139
CHAPTER XXXVII
BERKELEY HIGH SCHOOL WAR RECORD.
Harry C. Aitken, Dec. ■14..Army-Amm.
Layson Atkins, Dec. '11 Army
Jack Avery, Dec. '14 Army
Lansing Bailey, June '11 Army
Chester Bertolacci Army
Sherman Burke, May *12 Army
John Calkins, June '07 Army
Claude Canavan Army
Hersey Conant, June '13 Army
Alva Conklin Armj
Clifford Cook Army
John Corgiat, June '11 Navy
Richard Cross Army
George DeKay, June '10 Aviation
Ormsby Donogh, May '14 Navy
Victor Doyle, June '11 Army
Edwin Elam, June '18 Army
Philip Embury Aviation
Kenneth Emslie Navy
Richard Erving Army
Kenneth Fenton, Dec. '15 Army
William Foss Army
James Freeman Army
Thomas Freeman Army
William Freeman Army
Ralph Frost, June '15 Army-Amb.
Harry Geary, June '11 Army
Paul Geary Army
Elam Gibbel Army
Daniel Gibbs, June '12 Army
George Griffin Army
Frank Gustavson, May '14 Navy
Wales Haas, Dec. '16 Army
Alvin Hambly, June '13 Navy
Henry Howard, May '12.... Army-Amb.
Herbert Howard, June '16 Navy
Walter Hubbard, June '15 Army
Charles Hussey, June '13 Army
Fred Hutchinson Navy
Douglas Hutton, Dec. '15 Navy
Judson Knappen Army
Art Johnson Navy
Robert Landgrebe, May '14 Navy
Eliot Landon, May '14 Navy
Harvey Larke Army
Thomas Larke, June '16 Army
Wallace Leland, June '16 Radio
Charles Lindsay, June '13. .Army-Amb.
Reginald Linforth, May '12 Army
Harvey Livingston, Dec. '15 Army
Orry Marr Army
Willis McElroy, June '12 Aviation
Frank McKechnic, Dec. '15 Navy
Hall McKenzie Navy
Colis Mitchum, June '11 Navy
Willis Montgomery, May '15 Army
Albert Nelson, May "14 Navy
Elmer Nelson, June '11 Navy
Homer Nichols, Dec. '15 Army
Fred Ostrander, May '12 Marines
Earl Parrish, June '11 Army
Millard Peterson Navy
Thomas Rickard Army
Norman Rotermund Aviation
Lemuel Sanderson, Dec. '14 Army
Ellis Scotford Navy
Edmund Scribner Army
Harold Selleck Army
Lionel Simonson Army
Ben Sisson, June '13 Army
Frank Steele. May '14 Navy
Fred Stephens, Dec. '14 Navy
Richard Stephens, June '11 Navy
Matthew Sterling, June *15 Navy
Richard Stumm, June '15 Army
Frank Sturgeon Army
George Sutton, June '13 Aviation
Lawrence Taylor, May '14 Army
Edwin Thomas. Dec. '11 Army
William Thomas Army
140
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Edward Valentine. June '13 Army
Klvin V«n Haren Army
Parker Van Zant Army
Frederick Ward Army
Arthur Warren. June '13 Army
Kenneth Watson. Dec. '12 Army
Benjamin Wheeler Army
Guy Witter. Dec. '12 Army
Elwood Wrijrht. June '13 Army
Sunley Arndt. June '11 Army
Charlet Austin. Dec. "11 Army
Richard Aycrs. Dec. '16 Aviation
Darrell Botrardus. June '10 Marines
Clifton Brown. May •12....Army-Amb.
Robert Brown Army
Joachim Burmeister, Dec. '13 Navy
Ernest Camper. June '13 Aviation
EuKcne Corifiat Navy
Arthur Drummond Navy
Charles Earl. Dec. '16 Navy
Marian Elliott. June '17 Aviation
Wilson Ellis. June '11 Army
Robert Grahm Army
Herbert HiesUnd. June '13 Army
Sydney Howard. Dec. '09 Army
Miriam Howelle. June '13 Army
Jonathan Hoyt Army
Lester Hurd. May '12 Army
Edward Hussey. Dec. '15..Army-Amb.
Carl Johnston. June '08 Army
William Kiessijf, May '14 Army
David Kilduff. Dec. '10 Marines
Ernest I.aSalle. June '10....Army-Amb.
Donald I-awton. Dec. '14 Army
GeorKe Mndsay. June '13 Army
Alan McBoyle Army
Cyril McGuire, Dec. '16 Army
Frank MontKomery Army
Raymond Muenter, Dec. '15 Army
Harold Myers Navy
Harold Ottoman Army
Milton Palmirren Navy
Robert Palmirren Army
Donald Partridjte Army
Stanley Partridnre. Dec.'08..Army-Amb.
Edwin Willsburfr, June '13 Aviation
Jackson H. Pressly. May '14
Army-Amb.
Bey RMidall. June '09 Army
Herman Raid, June '09 Army
Clayton Ristenpart, June '13..Marines
John Robbins, May '12 Army
Orlo Robinson, June '16 Army
Gerald Schuyler. Dec. '15 Navy
Carroll Scott Aviation
Cyril Sinclair, Dec. '11 Navy
Arthur Skaale, June '16 Radio
William Smith, Dec. '07 Army
Carroll Stein, May '14 Aviation
Edmund Stillman, Dec. '11 Army
Eugene Sturgis, June '11. .Army-Amb.
Hovifard Turner, May '14 Army
Harvey Ward, Dec. '16 Army
Windsor Wilkinson Army
Wethered Woodworth, June '13. Navy
Russell Yates, June '16 Army-Amb.
Albert Acheson, June '07 Army
Arthur Algren, June '07 Aviation
Kenneth Arntzen Army
Arthur Bell Army
Carl Biedenbach, June '11 Army
Paul Birlew Navy
Edvyin Blake, June '92 Army
Clarence Bonner Army
Lloyd Bradley Army-Amb
Paul Brinstad Aviation
Stanley Bryan, June '09 Army
Casler Burton, May '14 Army
George Carlton, May '12 Army
Barclay Christy Signal Corps
Waldo Colby Army
Williston Davis Aviation
Chester DeKay Navy
Elmer Dent Army
Ashby Diggs Army
Aubrey Drury, June '10 Army
F. W. Durgin, June '15 Aviation
James Dyer, June '11 Army
Joseph Enzensperger, Dec. '13 Navy
John Foy Aviation
Delmer Frasier, May '14 Aviation
Hervey Graham, Dec. '13 Army
Edwin Greer, Dec. '16 Navy
Berry Griffin Army
Theodore Haley Army
Bruce Hamilton, June '16. .Army-Amb.
Livingston Irving Army-Amb.
Aubrey Irvsrin Army
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
141
Einer Jacobsen Marines
Daryl Jewett, May '14 Aviation
Earl Kaufman Army
Kimball Kaufman, May '12 Army
Walter Kennedy Army
Dorsey Maclay, June, 16....Army-Amb.
Louis Manning Army
Llewellyn Martinez Army
Harold Mathews, June '16 Army
Marvin McCabe, May '14 Army
HoUis McCoy Army
Nelson McGee Army
Stewart McGee, June '08 Army
Ritchie McKee, May '14 Aviation
Donald McLauKhlin, Dec. '09 Army
LeRoy McQuesten Army
Raymond Mitchell, Dec. '12.. ..Aviation
Raymond Muenter, June '15 Army
Melvin D. Murphy, June '15 Army
Irving Norton, June '09 Army
Irwin Orear, June '16 Army
Frank Pape, Dec. '13 Navy
Edgar Parry, June '15 Army
Harry Peet, Dec. '12 Army
John Penniman, June '10 Navy
Theodore Preble, May '12 Army
George Scott Army
Brett Stevens Army
Frank Tate, June '11 Army
Kenneth Thomsen, Dec. '11 Army
Frank Trevor Army
John Uflford Army
Joseph Verdi Army
Percy Ward, June '13 Army
Murrell Warren, May '12 Army
Paul Warren, May '14 Army
Percy Welch, Dec. '13 Army
Russell Wilkes Army
Windsor Wilkinson, June '06 Army
George Williams, June '13..Army-Amb.
Gladstone Wilson, Dec. '10 Army
Dean Witter, June '04 Army
Lawrence Woodworth Army
Harold Yost, June '10 Army
Lawhead Young, June '13..Army-Amb.
Charles Ayres Army
Bradford Bosley, June '13 Army
Frank Crane, May '12 Army
Sydney Ellis, Dec. '17 Aviation
William Daniels, Dec. '13 Army
J. Manderson Evans, June '11.. ..Army
Henry F'ores, June '16 Army-Amb.
William Gibbs, Dec. '12 Army
Dr. Orville Goss, Dec. '08....S.S. Phy.
Arthur C. Hardy, June '13 Army
Cecil Hawkins, June '16 Navy
Graham Holabird, June '13 Navy
Eugene Hull, June '15 Army
Harold Kidwell, Dec. '13 Army
Paul Kidwell, Dec. '13 Army
Julian LeConte, June '17 Navy
Roland Martin, June "13 Aviation
Royal Miller Army
Wayne Miller Army
William Muldoon, May '14 Army
Philip Persons, June '16 Army
Frank Solinsky, June '01 Army
Allan Sorrell, June '10..... Army
Edwin S. Steen, May '14 Aviation
Holley Stephenson, June '10
Army-Am.
Malcolm Stone, June '05 Army
William Stone, June *10 Army
George Tays, June '15 Army
Harold Woodworth Army
Earle C. Coleman, June '15 Navy
Henry Dahl Army
Newton Drury, June '08 Navy
Dwight Eveleth Army
Ivyn Farwell, May '14 Aviation
Roswell Ham, June *09 Army-Amb.
Stafford Jory, June '08 Army
Earl Lamar Navy
Elbert Monro, June '13. .Coast Artillery
Randolph Monro Army
John Muldoon, Dec. '15 Navy
Thomas Pearson, Dec. '16 Army
Walter Snook Aviation
Raymond Stephens Navy
James Torreyson Army
Adolflf Weber, June '10 Army
Percy E. Weymouth, Dec. '14 Army
Ernest Wiglund Army
Harold Selleck Army
Francis Nunenmacher Aviation
Frank Robison Army
Hazen Robison Navy
Donald Dunn Canadian Army
142
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XXXVm
BERKELEY HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES
1883
John C.
Dornin
1884
Ethel S. Anderson
Emily Clark
Gussie Ayer
Theodore Palmer
1885
Letitia Blake
Ernest Morrill
Lewis Harmon
Harold S. Wilkinson
1886
Emily Graham
Roger Sprague
Nettie Merrill
Lillian Welton
Nellie Nelson
Frank Woolsey
1887
Alice King:
Charles Palache
Joseph LeConte
Nellie Wilson
Blanche Morse
1888
Georp:e Brackett
Erma Peterson
Harriet M. Grover
Mary S. Sanborn
Jean Hahn
Edith Sprague
Mamie Kastens
Alfred Taynton
Walter O'Brien
Chester Woolsey
1889
Mary Bancroft
Charles Keeler
Winifred Bangs
Susie Webb
Georpia Barker
David Porter
Guy Chick
Lottie Tuohy
1890
Helen Anthony
Y. Kuno
Bonnie Burckhalter
Tom McCleave
Edith M. Clayes
John Morrison
Bessie Cumminp^s
Clinton Morse
Edward Dickieson
Josephine Stewart
Kittie Robbins
Olive Squires
Walter Hoag
Helen Thayer
1891
Lizzie Baxter
Cecelia L. Raymond
Fred Clark
Louise Shaw-
John Dupgan
Bessie Smith
Anita Gompertz
Bessie Sprague
Tatsuniro Magario
Nellie Tuohy
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
143
Ralph Marshall
Clifford McClellan
Dukio Arata
Robert B. Baird
D. Etta M. Bartlett
Edwin S. Blake
Lulu L. Bartlett
Charles H. Delany
Joseph Hume
George D. KierulfF
Ada G. Little
Grace Dewing
Louis B. Earle
Geo. B. Finnigan
Kirke Gilbert
Alice Hoag
Mary Hull
Pearl M. Hunt
Annie Kellogg
Bertha Ketchum
Delia Larsen
Birdie Lester
J. Edwin Little
Fred Lowell
Marion Madsen
Robert McCleave
Susie S. McKusick
J. Brockway Metcalf
Ruth Atterbury
Dudley Baird
Fred Berryman
Clarence Clark
Dorothy Deakin
Ernest Dozier
Fred Fairchild
Markley Farish
Mjrrtle Foster
Fannie Gentry
Asa Gray
Amy Hamlin
Daisy Henderson
Horace N. Henderson
Grace L. Henley
William Hoag
Kate Jeffries
1892
1893
Willie Ulrich
Edna B. Woolsey
R. H. S. Parkhurst
Newell S. Perry
Walter H. Powell
John S. Proll
T. Allen Smith
Will E. Squires
Edward H. Wakefield
Albert Wilson
Shinijire Yamamete
Augusta Nye
Dewitt Parkhurst
Mary Ponwell
Mary Robb
Gertrude Rush
Bertha Sadler
Louis Saph
James W. Scoggins
Ella A. Small
Phillip Smith
Margaret Steadman
Maud Sutton
J. Henry Stutt
Jessie J. Trowbridge
Albert Wardwell
Maud Week
1894
Walter Leuders
Mary C. McCleave
Jessie Naylor
Frank Nutting
Irving Ostrom
Maud Packard
Hallie Parsons
Agnes Payzant
Annie Payne
Ruth Rising
B. Winifred Robinson
Josie Roller
Hattie Rugg
Bertha Rush
Anna Thayer
George Wagner
Harry L. Waste
:u
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Winifred Jeffries
Florence Lamb
Annie Landstrom
Ruth R. Armstrong
Ethel Bergen
Minnie Bolsted
Percy H. Booth
Robert C. Bowen
A^nnie Bramel
Anpie Brown
J. Rodney Brown
M. Josephine Colby
Chas. W. Comstock
Edith Crawford
Ralph 0. Dresser
Mamie Embury
Alice Freese
Etta Good
Ada Graber
William A. Hackley
Mary S. Hall
Sarah Hanscom
Grace Henderson
Jeanette F. Hobson
Herbert Hume
Charles E. Jones
Josephine Kemp
P. W. Kemp
William S. Acheson
Elizabeth J. Annis
May Bentley
Harold C. Bradley
George O. Brehm
Etta M. Bunnell
Daisy M. Clarke
Fred N. Colby
Morris H. Covert
Claude DeVore
Lucy W. Dewing
Roy E. Dickerson
Grace E. Dobbins
Mnrgaret E. Fee
T>ulu F. Frame
Florence M. Freuler
Vivia M. Gage
Mar\' R. Gallagher
Melvin S. Good
Ralston Whitcomb
Edna H. Wickson
1895
Joseph S. Kline
Ralph B. Lloyd
Edna L. Lowell
Eugenia Loy
Pearl M. Marshall
Annie Mason
Margaret Matthew
William G. May
May 26th Morrison
Roy V. Nye
Bernice Onsley
Ada Parker
George V. Payzant
William C. Ridge
Emma E. Riggs
Alice Rising
Frances Rosenstirn
William E. Sauer
Alfred J. Smith
Emelie Streib
Atsu Nae Tawara
Emma A. Van
Margaret Webb
Kittie Ray Wickson
Bessie Mae Wood
1896
Arthur W. Kierulff
Elma M. Mansfield
G. Herbert Masters
Edward McCleave
Fred L. Morris
William F. Neiman
Amelia Newmark
Clelia Paroni
Carlton H. Parker
Erie C. Parks
Peter N. Rasmussen
Fred E. Reed
Leroy E. Roberts
George H. Senger
Ray W. Simonds
Frank A. Shidelor
Norman E. Smith
Agnes P. Steedman
Alice Stewart
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
145
David Goodale
Anna M. Grant
N. Claude Gregory
Paul Harmon
Richard S. Haseltine
Ethel L. Heanan
Charlotte Henley
Ida L. Henderson
Augustus Higgins
May M. Howell
Alva T. Hughes
Alegra Hutton
Chester W. Judson
Fred W. Kerns
J. L. Kennedy
Hilda Abraham
Helen M. Anderson
Marcia S. Ardley
Bryan Bell
Rita E. Beatty
Etta E. Bouve
Fred E. Borton
Julia H. Bretherton
J. T. Barrows
John Beatty
Madeline V. Christy
M. Maude Chambers
William W. Downer
Oma A. Davies
Annie M. Delaney
Mabel Davis
Alice Davies
George A. Dondero
Charles Dozier
Nellie E. Dobbins
Clara A. J. Freuler
Gertrude W. Freuler
Grace V. Farwell
Edith R. Feinberg
Etta B. Eraser
Frederick Grubb
Jonnie Gilchrist
Muriel A. Hall
Anna R. Hammond
Eva M. Henderson
Corinne Hutton
Helen G. Hamlin
Sidney Hill
1897
Anna Thayer
Elsie C. Thompson
Bertie Tucker
Fannie E. Tyrrell
Grace A. Tyrrell
Annie B. Voorhies
John T. Warren
Louis J. Warren
Fred L. Watrous
Stella M. West
Mark H. White
George Wilhelm
Flora Wilson
Herbert M. Woodsum
Harvey S. Zehner
May A. Kennedy
Florence M. Kimball
Esther M. Lamb
Eleanor L. Lloyd
Ruby Rose Morse
Harriet D. McVean
Richard M. Mealey
Henry D. Morse
Mae McDonald
Genevieve Morris
Henry W. McKibben
Frederick Nelson
Margaret O'Toole
William A. Powell
Clara Piper
Grace L. Pack
Eugene S. Pierce
Lynette Payne
Alice M. Rogers
Walter D. Reed
Warren V. Richardson
Lulu I. Scott
Elizabeth Skinner
Cora M. Steeves
Minerva Skinner
Ethan Scott
Howard D. Smith
Helena P. Thomas
Eloise H. Trowbridge
Wallace F. Turner
Lydia P. Taylor
Estella Turner
Bertha L. Vervalin
146
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Mav Hoover
Florence E. Hoyt
Oliver W. Hunter
Edith M. Huddart
Emerson Harley
Florence G. Howard
Arv-illa M. Johnson
Edith Ketchum
Fanny H. Avery
Fannie Ardley
Henrv RL Ardley
C. Halton Aspland
James Lorinp Barker
Eva L. Bramlet
Pearl Brown
D. L. Baird
Frank Baird
Arnold Barnett
William E. Basham
F. Homer Berka
Enid Alaine Bird
Joshua 0. Brock
Harold 0. Cummings
June S. Chappell
Harold K. Childs
Ernest B. Clark
Mabel R. Clark
Arthur A. Cohn
Laura E. Cohn
Henry B. Dewing
Mary L. Davis
Jean Downey
Hewitt Davenport
Leta Dom
Ella F. Dufffran
Hubert Leo Dungan
Pauline M. Dumet
Calvin 0. Esterly
Ruth Dell Engle
Nina M. Farwell
Frances E. Farish
Charles C. Finn
Rokusadoru Fukuda
Airnes M. Forgie
Amy Flagg
Kate R. Gompertz
Fred F. Goodsell
Elsa Gould
Ralph W. Wardwell
Edna F. Wyckoff
Mabel H. Whitney
Roy L. Woolsey
John M. Waste
Frank R. Warnick
Frances Yeazell
1898
Stella I. Hall
Ruth A. Hoppin
Mary F. Jewett
Harry H. Johnson
Henjiro Kato
Louis H. Kling
Katherine F. Keys
Edith May Lee
Arthur V. Leslie
Florence Lough
Allen P. Matthew
May F. MacCoy
George C. Mansfield
Leon E. Martin
Bertha V. Vervalin
H. H. Macdonald
Albert Mix
Lillian F. McFarl
Arthur McKeown
Caroline S. Morse
Elsie Nutting
Earl M. Nutting
M. Nakanouchi
Adelaide Parsons
Otto W. Peterson
Challen R. Parker
Edna Potwin
Martha E. Pagh
Ethel L. Preble
Edda A. W. Ryder
Walter M. Ratcliff, Jr.
Herbert W. Ross
Chester M. Rugg
Laura E. Sleeper
Russell S. Springer
Frank I. Standart
Henry K. Stewart
Annie J. Schroeder
Henry Spencer
Geneva L. Shaw
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
147
Robert H. Goodale
Gustave Griesche
Florence Gentry
John M. Henderson
Bertha Hutton
Tyrrell S. Hamlin
Helen E. Hill
Ruth E. Holgate
Elsie M. Hunt
H. R. Atkinson
Winifred Bigley
Gertrude Burgess
Nora Beatty
Emily Boorman
Wallace Bransford
Allen Caven
Harold Cloudman
Carrie Christensen
Myra Freidenrich
Sadazi Fudita
William S. Fox
Helen Grover
Ted Guard
William H. Girvin
Beverly Hathaway
Howard Hendricks
James Hamilton
Thomas R. Hanna
Alice Jones
Pearl Judson
Carl P. Jones
Georgina Koenig
Evelyn Kennedy
Elsie Kirk
Leonard Kitts
Leila Abbott
Wayman Atterbury
Edward Abbott
Greta Augustine
Estelle Brown
Genevra Bell
Alfreda Berg
Joseph Bingaman
Aline Blackman
Dora Bramlett
Maud Barnett
Helen Bennett
1899
Jane C. Stewart
Bessie E. Simpson
Jennie W. Steeves
Harriet M. Stout
Sophie Van Ahlnen
Sharlie J. Ward
Percy M. Warner
Maud E. Watrous
Joseph L. Wilson, Jr.
I
Mabel Kyle
Cora Lasell
Arthur P. Lathrop
Arthur C. Lowell
Annie E. McCleave
Olga Meyer
Josephine Minto
Alice Mercier
Richard McCarthy
Robert Munro
Howard Merrill
Janet Mason
Millie L. Mendes
Romilda Paroni
Catherine Peake
Janet Rankin
Wallace Scotchler
Elsie Sullivan
Leslie Trowbridge
Marcia Taylor
Ida Wickson
Pearl Wagner
W. A. E. Woods
Emma Warren
Joe Wrenn
1900
Ralph Lyon
Alice Meyer
Amy Mott
Constance Manning
Edward Martin
Minnie McAvoy
Nettie McKay
Annie Milledge
Lucinda Morse
Olivia McCabe
Grace McKeown
Jennie Peterson
148
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Menno Bowman
Launee Crozier
Mabel Cole
Myra Darke
Leslie Dobbins
Ava Earle
Sam Eastman
George Elliott
Finley Eastman
Mary Farrell
James Fozard
Eva Gray
Alice Gompertz
Zack Hartley
Joe Hartley
Adelaide Hazlett
RaNTnond Henderson
Stella Hoag
Harry Hoffman
Sylvan Haas
Frank Howell
Ra\Tnond Jones
Hilma Jones
Carrie Johnson
Ida Juillerat
Grace Johnson
Emil Kruschke
Mary Kennedy
James Lester
Matie Leonard
Douglas Adams
Owen Adams
Julia Ayers
Bernice Barrows
Alfreda Bartlett
Henry W. Beecher
George Brainard
Leona Burgess
Celsa Camall
Edward Chase
Charles Cheney
Rebecca Cohn
Clara Cowperthwaite
Isabel Crozier
Mabel Edwards
Thel Eggleston
Kathleen Elliott
Clarence Ernst
Sara Peete
Bessie Pack
Garfield Perier
Virginia Pierce
Ella Rea
Myrtle Ristenpart
Ethel Ratcliff
Florence Senger
Cecilia Skinner
Dahlia Spencer
Winifred Schaeffer
Lulu Stutt
Sei W. Sanada
Edna Sawyer
Frank Skinner
George Spencer
Pearl Spencer
Ivy Stoddard
Katherine Storie
Vida Vervalin
Charlotte Whitney
Mamie Wilson
Marie Wilson
Millicent Ward
Ernest Wells
Olie White
Walter Whitlock
Fred Weber
Florence Reeve
1901
William Mason
Mabel Martin
Alvin Mather
Elsie Middlehoff
Henry Miller
Erma Morris
Warren Myers
Jessie Munro
Howard Naffziger
Elizabeth Nelson
Charles Newhall
Rose O'Toole
Mary Overman
Eugene Parker
Lena Paroni
Carrie Parsons
Harold Piatt
Hazel Preble
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
149
Maxwell O. Frank
Herbert Frenzel
Anna Gage
Nita Gilkyson
Blanche Gottschall
Edwin Grindley
William Hawley
Cyrus Hiester
Thomas B. Hutchins
Walter C. Ingles
Christine K. Jones
Lucy Kastens
William Kelly
Laurence Kennedy
Hamilton Lee
Ernest D. Linscott
Earl Lang
Etta Lyser
Mary McBride
Evelyn MacDonald
Agnes Mackey
William McCleave
Elmer McCoy
Donald E. McKee
William Andrews
Amy Annis
Eda Adams
Richard Boettiger
Oscar Boettiger
Julia Bennett
May Burleson
Myrtle Butler
Esther Bowman
Ralph Brock
Bertram Chaplin
Mildred Congdon
Gertrude Campbell
William Cavalier
Roy Darke
Julia Dexter
Ethel Engebretson
Frank Eidenmuller
Ward Esterly
Ida Foster
Erdman Frenzel
Louis Farley
Alice Gallagher
Minott Goodman
Rita Primm
Ethel Robertson
Ella Ross
Helen Sackett
Dudley Saeltzer
Alice Senger
Helen Shaw
Myrtle Sims
Mona Skinner
Matilda Skinner
Hugh McJunkin
Richard Snell
Frank Solinsky
John Steedman
Florence Thrall
Ellen Trueblood
Charles Volz
Frank Warner
Marion Wendt
Hallie Whitlock
Gladys Wickson
Harmon Wickson
Theodore Wilder
1902
Mable Knoll
Lewis Kistler
Violet Kerrison
Winnifred Lawton
Lucile La Grange
William La Grange
Pearle Lewis
Lena Liersch
Ernest Linscott
William Loughborough
Chester Lamb
Bessie Merrill
Charlotte McMahon
Leona Morris
Loretta Munro
Vera Percival
Ruth Peterson
Carrie Parsons
Louis Pape
Raymond Pond
George Posey
Maude Percival
Vida Ross
Lorene Rule
150
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
William Griesche
Percy Gii-vin
Isabel Hansen
Ward Hall
Walter Hanna
William Henry-
Don Hickey
Louis Hickey
Emma Hann
Ida Henley
Maude Hogue
Sam Hume
Ivy Johnson
Fred Johnson
F. J. Joubert
Eugenia Kellen
1903
Walter Radford
Frank Solinsky
Harriet Smythe
Elizabeth Syle
Grace Stokes
Harry Squire
LeRoy Tufts
Alice Thompson
Dale Tyrrell
George Warren
Edna Wilson
Hope White
William Warren
Christopher Webb
Theo Wilder
Elsie Worden
Sarah Mathew
John G. Milledge
Jimmie Montg-omery
Chester Marliave
Burton L. Mincher
Muir McKelvy
Maybelle G. Mentz
Charles Lewis Monsen
Mary Eva Navone
Luther Newhall
Anna E. M. Neuwirth
Takae Ozawa
Majorie Paterson
Bessie Patton
Robert W. Pack
Warren Charles Perry
M. Grace Piatt
Carmel D. Riley
Zoe C. Riley
Helen Frances Robinson
Morton J. Raven
William Reinhardt
Melvin Thayer Rhodes
Woodworth Allen Ryder
Fernande Louise Herrmann Beverly H. Rush
Berthold Hews Marguerite D. Shoecraft
Samuel J. Hume Lillian Kerr Stewart
Dora H. James Georgia Scott
Mabel I. James Harry L. Sully
Laurence Jenning T. King Sweesy
Cecilia Emma King Frances L. Shuster
Harold Coulter Keran Lulu M. Taber
Blanch H. Albee
Maria Burwell Anderson
Florine E. Brakenridge
Claude G. Baudine
Herbert S. Blakemore
Edith L. Brown
Lelia Cooper
Mary Wynafred Carey
Choate Curran
Pluma Button
Marion E. DuBois
Alice Dean
Hazel G. Engebretson
Miriam Barstow Edwai'ds
Ethel L. Fletcher
Cornelia Louise Forsyth
Eva C. Frame
Wendell Farrar
Irene Gaines
Edith Gray
Howard Rixson Gaines
Melville A. Grant
Evan K. Hamilton
Elwood C. Hiester
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
151
Franz Kleinschmidt
Eleanor M. Keegan
Amy Genevieve Luke
Bessie Taylor Maj^ann
Matilde Emilie Martin
E. A. Bertha Matignon
Laura Alice MacDonald
Emily Ambrose
Julia Andruss
Helen Anthony
Robert Blake
Mabelle Brow^n
James Blakemore
Arthur Bolton
Raymond Bush
Bruce Barnes
Renwick Breck
Adelaide Bangs
Elsa Bauer
Pearl Bank
Sheldon Cheney
Raymond Clinch
Malcolm Calkins
Burlington Carlisle
Thomas Chace
Ensang Ching
Gladys Chace
Mabel Clay
Bessie Cloudman
Nettie Cohn
Lois Corbaley
Hazel Cole
Marguerite Daniels
Mary Downey
Dorothy Doyle
Ethel Dyer
Bertha Dale
Helen Davis
Nicholas Duggan
Hugh Dykes
Alma Demerritt
Hugh Downey
Irene Dyer
Rowena Elston
Carl Elkins
Harry Estep
Mariorie Fargo
Fred Fish
1904
K. Elliott Trowbridge
Ida Turner
Lawrence E. Turner
Dudley J. Whitney
Adela Wikoff
Marion Breese Wilcox
Herbert G. Wright
[
Sawyer Lane
Oliver Lansing
Lela Leonard
Beryl Livermore
Ada Lockett
Marion La Baree
Elinor Merrill
Inez Mather
Eva McClure
Mary McClure
Ethel Morrin
Lillian Morris
Nina Munro
Winfield Matthew
Leen Moore
Fay Morgan
Esther Maddux
Sibyl Marston
Charlotte Mercier
Bessie Maples
Olive Morrish
John Navone
Calla Newland
Kathryn Neill
Chandler Otis
Clyde Powers
Olga Pausch
Alice Powell
Bessie Recardo
John Rice
Archie Randall
Perry Schott
Nena Shuman
Lena Shuman
Grace Snow
Esther Stevens
James Schaeffer
Thomas Stoero
Gertrude Scott
Doremus Scudder
Josephine Seaman
152
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Herbert Freuler
Leslie Gompertz
Ruth Green
Grace Hawxhurst
Bourdon Holden
Hazel Hotchkiss
Ruth Haskell
Sumner Hodges
Stephen Hust
Ina Hughes
Annie Jewett
Maurice Johnson
Harry Jenkins
Robert Knox
Oscar Kettenbach
Lloyd Kruschke
George Kerr
Isabel La Baree
Roland Lamb
Winifred Ambrose
Hilda Atkinson
Pearl Albee
Sam Batdorf
Pearl Bank
Mabel Beal
Alice Biehl
Paul Bailey
Albert Bliven
Harry Bone
Clara Burnett
Marshall Cheney
Arnold Chapman
Lucille Cowan
Albert Crossfield
Clare Crossfield
Donald Connolly
Pearl De Large
Alice Elliott
George Eckley
William Edwards
Myrtle Fillman
Winthrop Floyd
Albert Foster
Alice Farey
Maude Gerrior
Robah Goodman
Wesley Grijalva
Ray Grinstead
Iris Seroy
Lynda Service
Robert Shuey
Nellie Stuart
Richard Shaffer
Maud Turner
Grace Thomas
Byron Underwood
Pearl Watkins
Helen Watson
Louretta Weir
Dean Witter
Francis White
Evelyn Watson
Vina Wiley
Maud Williams
Olivia Wright
George Yocco
1905
Susie Love
Howard Lane
Bertram Lombard
Maja McCabe
Davida McCartney
Ralph MacFadyen
Scott Martin
Raymond Mohrhardt
Fletcher Monson
Jack Moskowitz
Jean Nicholls
Garesche Ord
Alice O'Toole
Alta Patton '
Dewey Powell
William Priestly
Fred Piatt
Edna Quay
Florence Robinson
Ida Rathke
Harry Reinhardt
Russell Richardson
Helen Sargent
Grace Shaw
Malcolm Stone
Truman Swaine
Georgina Sturgis
Hilda Turner
Henry Thiess
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
153
Florence Hurd
Stanley Henderson
Amy Holland
Beverly Hook
Celia Howard
William Halloran
Richard Hayden
Jennie Jensen
Bertha Johnson
Marguerite Koeler
Christina Cameron
Mary Carpenter
Mary Clough
Camille Coady
Hazel Fordenwalt
Grace Griffiths
Muriel Hamm
Mildred Hart
Lucille Haber
Harvey Haseltine
Fannie Armstrong
Ernest Allen
Clement Ambrose
Judson Aspinwall
Vera Bagot
Blanche Bayly
Martha Beaser
Charlotte Biedenbach
Claire Bowman
Frances Bowman
Eugene Battles
Frank Bowring
Harold Brayton
Alma Billups
Bertha Brown
Caroline Chaires
Jessie Cole
Ada Cross
Kenneth Cameron
Clarice Davis
Irene Dakin
Margaret Darst
Marguerite Davis
Kathleen Devine
Pearl Dunlap
Pliny Doane
Ben Dykes
1905
1906
Peter Thomson
Guest Wickson
Donald Wehe
Grace Weymouth
Eleanor White
Agnes Whiting
Ethel Wickson
Bessie Wiley
Wilma Wislocki
Fred Wright
Henry Humann
Olive Marshall
Edward Morrin
Curtis Nance
Katharine O'Toole
Oliver Pausch
Colvin Reed
Collins Rouse
Sallie Segal
Irma White
Roscoe McCabb
Kellogg McCarthy
Earl McCash
Mary Miller
Howard Morrin
Alfred Myers
Gertrude MacMillan
Ernest Mentz
Amy Morrish
Bowning Varl Nichols
William Parry
Alice Phillips
Lucy Pierce
Louise Pomeroy
Melnotte Peck
Beatrice Rice
Mary Riley
Antoinette Kenake
Hazel Roberts
Evelyn Rust
Jessie Reed
Tom Richardson
Paul Rieger
Helen S. Salter
Emily Sherman
Hedley Scudder
Elbert Solinsky
154
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Albert Evers
Alice Farey
Elsie Goldman
Alice Griesche
Bessie Hidden
Carey Hill
David Hardy
Margaret Hizar
Luella Jones
Ethel Jordan
Christina Jacobsen
Edward Kendall
Eva Kennedy
Marie J. Johnke
Esther Merrill
Robert McCall
Frances Monsen
Alena Bailey
Earle Batdorf
Edith Batdorf
Delia Bayly
Arthur Bell
Helen Bixby
Grace Chubb
Ellen Holland
Herbert Johnson
Albert Acheson
Arthur Ahl^ren
Florence Alvarez
Agnes Anderson
Harold Bartlett
Myron Battles
Genevra Bell
James Berger
Edna Boone
Roy Bowers
Philander Brownell
George Burnham
Lewis Caldwell
Allard Calkins
John Calkins
Ernest Chapman
Edith Clapp
Hazel Clark
Mabel Duckett
Bryan Dyer
Florence Early
Ben Steams
Noble Stover
Grace Tully
Charles Thomas
Elwin Thompson
Alenda van der Haas
Estelle Ward
Geneve Williamson
Louis Watts
Sam Weston
Esabelle Whitman
Lillie Wilder
Winsor Wilkinson
Winifred Wills
Roy Miller
Alfred Merritt
1906
Louis Joubert Resell
Lucille Kistler
Esther Sadler
Josephine Montagne
Nelson Scotchler
Edward Solinsky
Robert Whitelaw
Gertrude Whiteside
Roswell Wilder
1907
Florence Beck
Blanche De Large
Myrtle Hill
Alma Myers
Hilda Oser
Roberta Lester
Myra Lewis
Ross Mahon
Marian Marsh
Harry McBride
Ethei McConnell
Charles McElliott
Mathilda McKewon
Edna Miler
Gay Mosher
Matthew Nelson
Aileen O'Brien
Ethel Parrish
May Paschich
Dorothy Phillips
Charles Rakestraw
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
155
Chauncey Eldridge
Vera Elliott
Mansfield Everett
Evan Foulds
Marian Gates
Florence Getchell
Ernest Girvin
Julia Graham
Marguerite Harvey
George Harlowe
Hannah Harris
Linville Hotchkiss
Frank Hudson
Susie Irwin
Henry de Jarnette
Hazel Jordan
Thornton Jordan
Robert Krafft
Caroline Lee
Lorraine Andrews
John Badger
Earl Barnett
Eunice Beal
Mary Barron
Edna Bell
Irwin Berry
Miriam Blacker
Ralph Bowers
Dora Brink
Hivenia Bristol
Lillian Brown
Edna Browning
Margaret Buckham
Olivette Bunce
Ethel Burns
Wandee Cheek
Hong Shing
Gano Chittenden
Ella Clark
Blanche DeLarge
Stella Davis
Florence Doyle
Newton Drury
Alice Eveleth
Jewel Fay
Warren Ferrier
Roy Fortier
Beryl Fountaine
Margaret Ray
Mabel Sadler
Ruby Scott
Penelope Sittmann
George Smith
William Smyth
Leigh Stafford
Effa Steele
Laura Stewart
Muriel Stewart
Eloisa Tays
Florence Watkins
Mabel White
Margaret Witter
Chester Ristenpart
Clara Sturm
Amanda Troplong
Beth Wiley
June, 1908
Ella Lewis
Rowan Lucke
Leonard Loeb
Marjory Lusk
Helen Lyons
James Marshall
Hurd Matthew
Bailey McAfee
Claire McClure
Stewart McGee
Kathryn McKee
Kenneth Mohrhardt
Emily Moore
Jean Mosher
Raymond Newsom
Grace Noble
Norma Noteware
Alice Pember
Albert Rathbone
Mildred Reynolds
Frank Rieber
Agnes Robinson
Archie Rushforth
Marion Rust
Pauline Ruth
Roy Ryan
Elsa Schilling
Caroline Schleef
Russell Schultze
156
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Walter Frederickson
Howell Gester
Fred Goldman
Oscar Goldman
Will Graham
Alice Hiestand
George Holbrook
Clare Jacobsen
Marion James
Rebekah Jewett
Milton Johnson
Carl Johnston
Bessie Jones
Mildred Jordan
Stafford Jory
Emilia Kanig
Carl Kelsey
Werner Lawson
Josephine LeConte
Mildred LeConte
Doris Aden
Frances Albee
Fred Allen
Paul Barnes
Nan Brunk
Clare Carpenter
Alma Craig
Homer Davis
Natalie Durney
Irene French
Sarah Frisbie
Orville Goss
William Grieg
Evelyn Hanna
Marion Hodge
Myrtle Lacy
Agnes Whiteman
Elizabeth Bailie
Olive Bannister
Ruth Bardshar
Katie Barnes
Rov Barrett
Ethel Bartlett
Elvira Beraun
Elsie Biedenbach
Grace Bonham
Bowers Boone
Stanton Sherman
Eva Sherwin
Roy Shurtleff
John Spasoff
Doris Spencer
Welcott Stanton
Gordon Stew^art
Howard Stover
Lillian Thaxter
Gwendolyn Underwood
Saidee Underwood
Joy Waltz
Earl Waycott
Margery Whinnery
Meredith Wills
Gladys Wilson
Leah Wilson
John Wise
Percy Wisecarver
Katherine Woodhead
December, 1908
Flora Black
Kathryn Larkin
Addie McCurdy
Irene McLeod
Natalie Metcalfe
Sakujiro Mitsuda
Florence Moore
Monterey Morris
Stanley Partridge
Lee Patterson
Bethenia Prunty
Carrie Prunty
Carl Replogle
Elmer Roberts
Alice Robinson
Eloise Shoecraft
Grace Young
June, 1909
Lucy Lovett
William Mahon
Raymond Martin
Mabel Mattern
Anna McAfee
Alice McComb
John Miller
Gertrude Mosers
Mary Mulvany
Elna Nelson
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
157
Vera Branthaver
Stanley Bryan
Beryl Burch
Katharine Carlton
Miriam Clapp
Allen Clarke
Ralph Coane
Portia Collom
Gladys Cummings
Jean Davis
William Davis
Daniel Drake
Emily Edgerley
Laura Farwell
Percy Frater
Eugene Frickstad
Elizabeth Fuidge
Gordon Gale
Jennie Gardner
Inez Goodman
Marjorie Grinnell
Ella Hallawell
Roswell Ham
Millard Hendricks
Zella Henrich
Eleanor Henry
William Hiney
Lucile Hollingsworth
Colin Hoskins
Goldie Hulin
Hollis Hyde
Hadley Kelsey
Sarah Kelsey
Irma Kendrick
Leo Kennedy
Eugene Kern
John Kerr
Philip Landon
Margaret Locan
Cyril Lotz
Evelyn Banker
Ruth Berry
Anna Biedenbach
Avis Burchard
Marguerite Carleton
Zella Eddy
Elizabeth Fiske
Frank Foster
Mabel Nelson
Clyde Nicholls
Irvine Norton
Gladys Ostrander
Gertrude Percival
Emma Perrin
William Perrin
Dorothy Pillsbury
George Pomeroy
William Pomeroy
Ray Reniall
Leland Rathbone
Florence Reames
Lawrence Redmond
Herman Reid
Thomas Rieger
Cecile Robertson
Harriet Robinson
Pearl Rogers
Lenore Salsig
Adolf Sandner
Frederick Shafer
Viva Shuman
Earle Sinclair
John Sloan
Warde Sorrick
Walter Stairs
Evelyn Steel
Myrtle Stephens
Gilbert Sweet
Mau Sun
Paul Taylor
Corona Vance
Gladys Van Mater
John Watson
Lora Weber
Dorothy Wilkinson
Buford Wright
Homer Wulvher
Edith Wulzen
December, 1909
Merle McAneney
Kathryn McCabe
Donald McLaughlin
Ellen McNeill
Merla Metcalfe
Jessie Mitchell
Mae Monson
Walter Penniman
158
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
William Goebel
Sarah Hammond
William Hanford
Arthur Hayne
Florence Hill
Sidney Howard
George Incell
Grace Jones
Mark Kerr
Mildred Kreischer
Helen Lacy
Ruth Laird
Florence Larson
Douglass MacColl
Beatrice Masters
June
Barclay B. Adams
Anna Anderson
Volney Averill
Leeta E. Bare
Rose Barker
Ida M. Batsford
Helen Blacker
Darrell Bogardus
Sidney E. Brotherton
Lorena Viola Buck
Mildred Bell Clark
Katherine Crosby
John 0. Davis
George Herbert DeKay, Jr.
Aubrey Wheeler Drury
Anne Fenwick
Oswald J. Froberg
Elmina Dundon Gardner
Virginia Green
Katherine Hall
Hertha A. Herrmann
Walter Hawkins Holland
William K. Hoyt
Pauline Jackson
Henry Bowman Koeler
August Ralph Klopfer
Kenneth Vernon Laird
Ernest R. Lasell
Myrtle Libby
John C. Anderson
Henry Edward Ashmun
Lucy Schall Baer
Florence N. W. Bailio
Morton Reynolds
Earle Ristenpart
Linnie Ryan
Earnest Sahlberg
Marion Scott
Bessie Shaw
Clara Shaw
Ormond Smith
Jessie Watts
Herbert Watkins
Rose Whinnery
Fannie Whitman
August Wiesenhavern
Margaret Wyper
Alpha Zirkle
1910
Cynthia Cushman McCarthy
Mildred Merle McElroy
J. George Moore
Gladstone Morris
Amy Myers
Ernest Ford Nolting
Constance Mary Partsch
John G. Penniman
Emma M. Pfefferle
Harry Porter Pohlman
Boyd Bremer Rakestraw
Irma Tyrrell Riley
Clifton Page Rose
Margaret Schulze
Harry E. Shick
George Sonntag
Kurt Steindorff
Jessie E. Swift
Eugene Tays
Andrew Reese Thompson
Herbert William Tweedie
John Parker Van Zand
Lois Voswinkel
Adolph Gottig Weber
Mildred Lucille Wickson
Norma E. Wisecarver
Lawrence A. Woodworth
Harold Hewett Yost
John Zeile
Roslind Magnes
Sarah Edna Maguire
Raymond Matthew
Sophia Veritas McEntyre
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
159
Marion Barnes
Genevieve Beck
Arthur Stanley Blean
Belle Richardson Bowen
Lester Bennett Brown
Louise K. Burton
Evangeline V. Coombs
Gladys D. Coyle
Lyllis Aileen Daugherty
L. Stephen V. Dowing
Elron E. Edgerley
Muriel Fleming
Ethel E. Frohliger
Florence E. Gates
Ray E. Gunn
Clare Hester Harrington
Mildred M. Hermann
Carlos Harold Howard
Theodore Huggins
Harrv E. Kennedy
Ida N. M. Kruft
Callie Lansing
Hazel Clifton Lawton
Edward C. Lipman
Edith Elizabeth Locan
Paula McGibbon
Hermann E. Mattern
Certificated
James A. Marshall
Chester E. Bennett
John Watson
Oscar Steel
by C
Daryl B. Miller
Winona Moore
Nellia D. Mortenson
Maybelle Needham
Alexander R. Newell
Ogden Kent Paterson
G. Clifford Pettygrove
Frank Wilson Pinger
Lucy Miriam Pray
Katherine F. Reese
Chester Samuel Robinson
Lillias S. Rowlands
Gracella Scotford
Marguerite Slater
Helen A. Spuller
William Stone
H. Franklin Tate
Fannie Q. Thompson
Anita Mercedes Truman
Elvine Van Haren
Adella Louise Vollmore
Ella Lillian Wall
Lucile Wester
Esmond Wiley
Julia M. Wood
Stephen N. Wyckoff
William H. Youngman
ommercial Department
Allan E. Sorrell
William Meinheit
Phyllis M. Eden
December, 1910
Barclay Gladstone Anderson Rosalind Jepson
Layson Enslow Atkins
Royal Rohan Baronidis
Lucile Batdorf
Cecile M. Billups
Olin Brown
Hugh D. Brunk
Mabel Estelle Button
Arthur W. Christie
Mabel Hepp Coombs
Alvah Putnam Conklin
Neill Cornwall
Percy Lee Crane
Andrew M. Davis, Jr.
Agnes Elizabeth Dunn
Martha Elizabeth Gibbs
James Stuart Jolly
George T. Judd
David R. Kilduff
C. Arthur Kronquist
W. Eric Lawson
Maria H. Lindberg
Eugenia Mary McCabe
Mary Emily McCurdy
Grace Lillian Meylert
Harold Davison Miller
Richard P. Minor
Gustav Albert Moller
Elsa Thayer Morrow
Helen Browning Murphy
Brevard Sinclair
leo
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Theodore Grady, Jr.
Emily Ruth Griffith
Rene Guillou
Marjory Virginia Parker
Robert Pendergast
Nellie Enjrrig Petterson
Edith Henrietta Phillips
Paul Pond
Robert S. Randall
Hazel Winifred Ray
Stanley Rapp
Eleanore G. Rogers
Ruth L. Schaeffer
Louis Harker
Henrv W. Harlowe
LeRoy Phillip Hunt
Vera Marie Howard
William Powell Smidt
Kate Smith
Edwin S. Thomas
William Richard Tregea
Heralda Palma Tyng
Bessie H. Wescott
Marjorie Lottice Wiggin
John Abeel Williamson
Edna B. Wilson
Gladstone Wilson
May L. Searls
Bernice Shaw
Letitia Sheperd
Alice M. Sherfey
George Dwight Wood
Ella E. Wright
Leona Esther Young
Two Year Commercial Course
Hilma B. Anderson Agnes E. Young
Laura E. More
June, 1911
Sophia Elizabeth Aden
Ray Marston Allen
Florence Lucy Andruss
Arthur Bruce Anthony
Stanley Morris Arndt
Lansing Bliss Bailey
Virginia E. Ballaseyus
Beatrice Marie Bentley
Charles S. Bisson
Carl F. Biedenbach
Alex G. Black
Mary Marguerite Boone
Ellen G. Briggs
Isabella C. Brown
Phoebe Bunker
Ainslie D. Campbell
Alleen Clark
William Claypool, Jr.
Belcher Cooley
John Corgiat, Jr.
Margaret Mary Crosby
Mary Crosby
Harold Crew
Helen Cummins
Lf'ona Kf'therine Dam
Mareuerite Darch
Harry Allen Dobbs
Helen Margaret Doyle
Stella G. Gordon
Florence Lillian Greig
Herbert Hardy
Laurence Emerson Haseltine
Helen Phyllis Haver
Gertrude Hawley
Wendell Townsend Hender-
son
Carlon K. Hills
Harold H. Hitchcock
Irene Belle Hoxsey
Louise Winifrede Houtz
Ralph Edwin Hoyt
Joseph E. Jacobson
Elizabeth Johnson
Mabel M. Jones
Jook Hing Jue
Carrol Lyon KauflFman
Hazel Fern Keim
Lily A. Kelsey
Clinton D. Kimberlin
Irma Helena Klaus
Fred G. Knoop
Ruby Ethel Lamb
Blanche D. Latta
Alma Eugenia Lauritzen
Marjorie Lenfestey
Myrtle M. Lovdal
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
161
Victor H. Doyle
Lulu Mae Draper
James C. Dyer
Wilson D. Ellis
John A. Evans
Stella Belle Fish
Alice Freuler
Charles Vivian Gay
George Edward Geary
Henry Oliver Geary
Lucie Matignon
John A. McDonald
Forrest L. McMains
Colis Mitchum
Clara Estelle Mortenson
Earl Hatley Myera
Percy Joseph Neal
Elmer M. Nelson
Frances Isabel Norton
Charlotte Margaret Owens
Elizabeth Page
Earl T. Parrish
Hazel Alice Pfitzer
Edna May Rankins
Caroline A. Hehfisch
Mamie Lois Richardson
Howard Hyde Roberts
Catherine Broughton Robin
son
Gabriel Roletti
Robert Noel Rushforth
Victor Sandner
Geraldine Sartain
Elizabeth Frances Schilling
Rosabelle Gibson Scott
Alice Marie Glavinovich
Elizabeth Glenn
Lydia Lindsay Love
Esson Florence Low
Ming Sear Lowe
Jessie Adele Luke
Thomas Gordon Luke
Mary Eleanor Mackenzie
Vesta H. Maestrettis
Bruce Marquand
Elsa Marston
Elizabeth Schulze
John Walter Scott
Frank Charles Shallenberger
Eulalie Shannon
Evelyn Editha Slater
Eunice Dean Steele
Oswald Speir, Jr.
Richard S. Stephens
Lucy E. Sterne
Ruth Levilla Stone
Eugene K. Sturgis
Mary Helen Sznyter
Ella Martin Taylor
Milton Everett Taylor
Gladys Isabel Thayer
Hertha Todd
Elizabeth H. Trevethan
Miriam Olive Tufts
-Raymond L. Underwood
Cora Viola Wampfler
Irving Warner
Margaret G. Weeks
Maurice Weiss
Florence Evangeline Whitten
Helen D. Winfree
Lois May Woods
Michael Leonard Woods
Two Year Special Commercial Course
Daisy L. Meikle
Marguerite R. Beebe
Mildred Janet Beebe
Josephine Grace Chan
Bertha Marjorie Seidel
Mabel Skaale
Sarah Javete
December, 1911
Alice Amiot Vera Louise Mentz
Doris Bank Kathryn Jane Mills
Clarence Walter Beebe Helen M. Moore
Helen L. Rowe
Walter W. Bein
Agnes Blacker
Vincent E. Duffey
Evarista Agnes Faxon
Florence Berciece Ozouf
162
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Barbara Ellen Beebe
Frances Boelen
Inice Ermine Button
Joseph A. Chalmers
AdeUa Mary Chase
Stephen Albert Corgiat
Vanda Ninette Cooper
Pauline Henriette De Neuf
Morse Erskine
Afrnes Marie Flinn
Harry Geiken
Eleanor Clare Goss
Edna Lucile Gott
Harold Lee Graham
Jesse Kersey Griffiths
Frances H. Hanna
Gladys Marjraret Hirst
Herman L Holmes
Edwin A. Humann
Richard Foote Ingram
Einar William Jacobsen
Spencer Fay Jones
Kemball C. Kaufman
Florence Kelsey
Judson Erwin Krueger
Helen Lyle
Willis LjTich
Otis R. Marston
Herbert H. Blake
Catherine Gertrude Bowers
James M. Casey
Florence E. Creagmile
Leslie Deacon
Eleanore M. Deming
Erik Arvid Erikson
Ella M. Anderson
Beatrice Averill
Ii-ving H. Banker
Norma A. Barbee
Louise Edith Bauml
Jeanette Bellman
Richard Bertovalli
Mildred Irene Bowen
Ella Boucher
Dorothy Brooks
Clifton Brown
Phyllis Brown
Betty Bruckman
May,
Anna Elizabeth Nowell
Grace Partridge
Dixon Partsch
Docia I. Patchett
Agnes S. Pearson
Harold Vernon Reynolds
Selwyn Aubrey Robinson
Lloyd L. Root
Howard A. Salisbury
Louisa Santos
Cyi'il Sinclair
Mary Boon Sorell
Marion Alice Sorrell
Edmund Hathaway Stillman
Myra I. Streightif
Marguaretha P. Surrmondt
Edna May Taber
Adelaide Elizabeth Thomas
Kenneth Beverly Thomson
Genevieve Townsend
Omer Van Haren
Kenneth C. Watson
Lillian May Wells
Bert West
Charles D. White
Harold E. Woodworth
Lorena M. Wright
Rose Jane Young
Ruby E. Jacobson
Alfred R. O'Farrell
Diulinda Santos
W. Alexander Sellman
Edith H. Siler
Forrest Kendall Tregea
John William Wendering
1912
Frances C. Jones
Hazel Madelaine Katzenbach
Earle F. Kaufman
Gladys Koch
Stuart Frederic Lane
Frances Leah Lansing
Helen Lawton
Robert Mack Light
Reginald Heber Linforth
Robert L. Lipman
Ruth Ethel Logan
Wilber D. Lowry
Ruth Malloch
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
163
Sherman Kennedy Burke
Blanford C. Burgess
Cora Helene Burnett
Evelyn Burrill
Fern F. Carkner
George L. Carleton
Marjorie Susan Carlton
Florence Carroll
Josephine Grace Chan
Ina Wilma Cherry
Lizzie Lois Chilcote
Ray Clayton
Mariza Ellen Clow
Pearne Congdon
John Henry Cordes
Mabel J. Corkhill
Vernon W. Craig
Frank Crane
Daryl Dean Davis
Elbert Willard Davis
Helen Margaret DeKay
Lillian Denham
Lois Margaret Denman
John Wallace Dodge
Grace Margaret Doyle
Dixie Lee Driver
Lawrence J. Eade
Alice Clyde Ellis
Elois Felicia Elden
Lois Marie File
Joseph L. Findlay
Kathryn Findley
Grace Mary Findley
Corrinne Z. Fiselbrand
Gilbert Forrest Foote
Charles V. Foulds
.John Macy Foy, Jr.
Arthur C. Frederickson
Ruth Emilie French
Aloyse D. Furlong
Elizabeth Gaw
Daniel Fort Gibbs
Eloise Hope Gibbs
Joseph Henry Gilpin
Maurice M. Glazer
Sadie A. Gluckman
Barbara H. Greene
Kenneth A. Hayes
Leslie Louise Hayes
Edwin Robert Hardy
Robert Otis Maxwell
Carol Dorthea Maul
Lapsley Ray McAfee
William Leslie McCabe
Millard E. McCollam
Josephine Miller
Ruth Amy Munro
Edna Adele Murphy
Willis R. Montgomery
Leona Reta Noe
Leona Elvesta Oberg
Willis Frederick Ostrander
Ysabel Patton
Janet Kendall Pearson
Alma Pease
Ruth Perry
Margaret Viorene Perry
Frances Peterson
Oscar E. Phillips
Mildred Elizabeth Piatt
Dorothy Nell Porter
Theodore L. Preble
Charles W. Reames
Harold Risden
Aimee Gladys Roadhouse
John Talmage Robbins
Charles Frederic Royce, Jr.
Fern L. Russell
Irma Estelle Russell
Hubert W. Sandner
Carl Sebastian
Raymond L. Shearman
John Douglas Short
Florence Small
Jacqueline Elizabeth Smith
Ruth Almede Smith
Beatrice Snedigar
Eldridge T. Spencer
Helen Sittig
Robert Mills Stevenson
Helen Stone
Helen Strite
Norman B. Stern
Evelvn Edwards Thomas
William Robert Turpin
Arthur Wagner
Clive Arden Walker
Murrell C. Wan-en
Edward R. Watkins
Henry R. Weber
164
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Mar},'aret C. Hartwell Martha A. Weber
Helen Lucile Henry Jackson L. Webster
Marjruerite Elise Hendy Frank R. Wehe
Marguerite Evangel Henrich Frances Maude Welch
George P. Hoffman
Harry Cecil Hogan
Elanore Marian Holland
Henry Temple Howard
Ora Howard
Kathryn Hubbard
Lester Hurd
John Ray Hutton
Marjorie Hyland
Grace Jackson
Blanche E. Jensen
Arthur A. Wendering
Florence E. Wheeler
Mildred H. White
Helen M. Williams
Jean Myrtle M. Williamson
Elsie Pauline Wilson
Alice Wooley
Maud P. Woolmington
Helen M. Wright
William H. Wright
Helen F. Zelt
Bertha Jewett
Two Year Commercial Course.
Hugo M. Ahlgren Adelle Florence Parker
Edwin W. Genberg
December, 1912
Camille Leonie Abbay
La Salle Banker
William P. Beall
Charles Coleman Berwick
Grace Gertrude Burris
Percy Thomas Clopton
Helen Conger
Margaret Davis
Blanche Etta Douglas
Roland Bradford Dygert
Edith Helen Eustice
Charlotte Faron
Marjorie Flynn
Sydney E. Fraser
Harry Earl Frisbie
Dorothy Ida Fuller
William Hendri'^kson Gibbs
Mary Clarissa Gilbert
John Robert Graff
Heloise Mazie Grimmon
Locke Thomas Harper
Helen Pond Harrison
William Stewart Haven
Gertrude Rose Haws
Frank LeRov Hill
George Rollin Hippard, Jr.
Phyllis M. Hoffman
Ruth Wanell Holland
Gertrude Elizabeth Hunt
Will Kretsinger
Anna Louise Laddish
Gertrude M. Lansing
Elsie C. Liddell
William Holmes Livingston
Wallace G. Macgregor
Katharina S. M. Martin
David Robert Merrill
Raymond Ashton Mitchell
Harry Eldridge Peet
Myron Dwight Penfield
Bessie A. Perrin
Wiley Anna Ross
Reginald Bryant Rule
Karl Howard Schilling
Laurence H. Steinegger
Rose Emirett Stone
Henry Treadwell Sutherland
Pierre Penton Taylor
Anna Mabel Thomas
Herbert Russell Vilas
Edna Katherine Von Hagen
Ethel Carolyn Wall
Marion Cumi Waltz
Ethel Jane Watson
Clarke Elmer Wayland
Dora Cicien Whitten
Gertrude Nancy Whitton
Russell Wilkes
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
165
Helen Clare Hutton Elizabeth Louise Witter
George S. Iki Willis Guy Witter
Hjalmar Anton Ilmanen Frances Dolores Young
Byron Lewin Johnston
Commercial Certificates.
Alice Gordon Brigden Helen Irene Lyons
Jennie Gordon Edna Helen Simmons
Helen Anna Hanson Oscar Leonard Texdahl
June
Ezra Truman Albright
Irving William Alexander
Elvah Myrtle Ames
Rosabelle Ames
Arthur Roy Anderson
Clarence Peter Andreason
Ruth Laura Annis
Thelma Wolcott Anthony
Tillie Phyllis Appleton
Constance Edna Ardley
Vida Virginia Armor
Phyllida Ashley
Miriam Neil Babbitt
Helen Trezeler Baer
Angele Harriet Bailey
Anna Frances Barrows
Elinor Blake
Robert Blake
DoUie Vera Luella Bodette
Bradford W. Bosley
Dorothy Isabelle Boyd
Dorris Bradley
Edith Emma Brown
Wilson John Brown
Ruth Brunton
Barbara Burke
John Burns
Kenneth L. Cadwell
Mildred Marie Campbell
Ernest BoUd Camper
Oliver Carlson
Grace Carson
Inez Louisa Carver
Bae Chalmers
Gordon Kimball Chapman
Wayne Chester Chapman
Sarah My Jin Ching
Paul Wellington Clark
Robert Campbell Clark
William Thomas Clow
, 1913
Earle Parker Lathrap
Charles Bonner Lindsay
George Moore Lindsay
Alan David MacBoyle
Ernest M. MacDonald
Julian James Mackie
Charles Edward Marquis
June Esther Martin
Roland Harmon Martin
Lewin Wethered Martinez
Raymond Wright Maxwell
Coe Elizabeth McCabe
Albert Thomas McCord
George McCutchen
Jay Willis McElroy
Doris Elizabeth McEntyre
James Elden McFarland
Edith Charlotte McKay
Connell Chisholm McRae
Winonne Middlehoff
Annie Jane Miller
Richard Gladwin Monges
Elbert Edison Monro
James Duncan Montgomery
Mary E. Moore
Armena Louise Morse
Earle Hamilton Morton
Marguerite Nichols
Alice Carlena Noble
Warren Dexter Norton
Shirlie Arlene O'Banion
Gladys Blackmar Partridge
Marguerite Lincoln Patterson
Metta Pease
Harriet Pearson
Myron Dwight Penfield
Dorothy Elizabeth Persons
Elizabeth Philps
John Fuller Phelps
Edwin Sprague Pillsbury
166
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Lloyd Wilbur Coleman
Ruth Anne Collins
Norma Loraine Connor
Lillie Freeman Cook
Marparet Denton Cornwall
Anne Cremers
Carolyn Cremers
Mary Marguerite Davis
Robert Nelson Donaldson
Joseph Donald Dunn
Arthur Nelson Earll
Edwin Madison Elam, Jr.
Rachel Elder
Clarence James Felt
Ruth Marion Ferguson
Arthur Fitzgerald
Henry Abraham Frye
Bertha Galloway
James Ewing Gardner
Ralph Evander Goodsell
Ruth Emma Goodsell
Dwight Kiddell Grady
Harold Tirey Grinstead
Alvin Sargent Hambly
Arthur Cobb Hardy
Susie M. Harms
Harriet May Harrison
Elsa Frances Hawkins
Floyd Horace Haynes
Vernon Edgar Hendershot
Herbert Harold Hiestand
Alberta Hodges
Jean Adelaide Hoeck
Aileen Helen Hogan
Russell Graham Holabird
Inez Martha Holland
Aila Bernice Holm
Edith Caroline Horstman
Mercedes Howell
Merriam Josenh Howells
Edith Maude Huddart
Edith Nichols Hull
Homer Hunt
Edwin Barratt Huskinson
Charles Edward Hussey
Mildred Jessup
Elsie Jones
Cora Flovd Keeler
Alda Belle Kelsey
Gertrude Elizabeth Plutti
Joaquin Belza Ramirez
Bernice Onida Ranker
rheophila Raspiller
Irene Penrose Rickard
Clayton Arthur Ristenpart
William McDonald Roach
Christian Valentine Ruedi
Winifred Olive Rumsey
Augustus Victor Saph
Irene Sebastian
Fagan Hull Simonton
Benjamin Franklin Sisson
Minnie Mae Sisson
Amrah Dinwiddle Smith
Robert Lacy Smyth
Margaret Eugenie Spring
Elfredida Steindorff
Beatrice Eve Stephens
Halley Earnest Stephenson
Belle Stewart
Charlotte Cope Stockird
Chester Chittick Stutt
Aileen Lenore Sullivan
Emily Grace Sutcliffe
George Charles Sutton
Charles Aldrich Sweet
Frances Comba Sweezey
Myrtle Grace Taylor
William Hill Thomas
Madalene Thompson
Florence Ethel Torrey
Marjorie Ellen Tuft
Florence Emma Underwood
Edward Autrey Valentine
Evelyn Katherine Varley
Ralph Augustus Vilas
Sydney Archibald Vincent
Rosslet Alice Wallace
Irma Margaret Wann
Percy H. Ward
Arthur LaFayette Warren
Hazel Adeleen Warren
Dorothy Elizabeth Wetmore
George White
George Anderson Williams
Lemoine Williams
Frederick Stephen Wilmans
Newton Brice Wisecarver
Alfred Vem Wood
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
167
Inez Keough
Hanna Kinell
Esther Kittredge
Hyldred Graham Knapp
Edna Louise Koester
Ruth Raymond Lange
Commercial
Dorothy Wood
Rowell Wood
Wethered Woodworth
Elwood Wellman Wright
Fannie Emma Young
Russell Lawhead Young
Certificate.
Helen Zola Banta
Eleanor Benedek
Helen Bergfried
Carlton Foster Bond
Blair Howard Bonner
Florence Born
Leonette Brin
Donald Cline Bull
Joachim Henry Burmeister
Wilma Grace Bush
Fuller Clarkson
Aileeii May Coombs
Ethel Leona Crocker
George Magee Cunningham
Jennie Curry
Georgia Beryl Daugherty
Helen Margaret Davis
Mary Carmichael Downie
Benjamin Franklin Edwards
Marguerite Edith Nickel
December, 1913
Joseph Gwynne Marvin
Katharine Mason
Frederic Bay McCormac
Melva Ruth Moore
Dorothy Poland Morris
Harold Eugene Mosher
Flora DeNance Muir
Madeline Muldoon
William Wallace Murray
George Willis Murray, Jr.
Clifford Talmadge Orear
Gladys Cooper Page
Frank Pape
Romeo Paroni
Eleanor Grace Pinkerton
Genevieve Margaret Rahill
Paul Newman Rawlins
Donald Kenneth Edgar Ric-
kard
Joseph George Enzensperger,Martha H. Robinson
Jr.
Norma Frances Finney
Catharine Mills Flinn
Ruth Ada Gardner
Earle Levering Garrison
Hervey King Graham
Bernard Andrews Guy
Joseph Alden Harville
Clifford Frank Hawkins
Verna Maude Himes
John Herman Hoffman
Carl J. Rolph, Jr.
Vladimir Roteler
Jessie Aileen Rowlands
Mary Jane Sanderson
Gertrude Agnes Schieck
Edmund Wilson Searby
Cyril Thomas Simard
Violet Rosalie Slade
Hazel Helen Snow
Eldon Battles Spofford
Helen Clara Stewart
Margaret Wilson Honeywell Viola Edna Studer
Susan Marin Jameson
Perry Joseph Johnson
Harold Fowler Jones
Phoebe Clare Kelly
Mabel Henrietta Kelman
Harold Wadsworth Kidwell
Thomas Tsok Wing Lee
Hester Geraldine Lester
Leo C. Trueblood
Raymond Truman
Alice Louise Van Mater
Percy Robert Welch
Gertrude Ethel Wells
George Herbert Wheeler
Ruth Irma Wheeler
Clara Frances Wight
16S
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Oscar Joseph Lewis Earl Delano Williams
William Harvey Livingston Thomas Lawrence Williams
Commercial Certificate
Sydney Wilfrid Miller
June, 1914
Carl Frederic Adam, Jr. Mildred Ethlynne Madison
DeEsta Margaret Allen
Edward McKean Atchison
Helen Margaret Ayres
Victoria Worley Bailie
Emilie Elizabeth Basye
Gladys Dorothy Basye
Vera Lorraine Bicknell
Philip Frederick Biehl
Rachel Etta Bishop
Antoinette Boies
Royles Malcolm Botsford
Donald Ellsworth Bourne
Mildred Janet Bourne
Alice Bradley
Laura Jane Briggs
Mabel Brin
Russie May Brown
Agnes Jean Bryant
Elizabeth Frede'ricka Burket Ida Muller
Vera Marston
Ransdell Matthews
Edgar Mayo
Merwin McCabe
Regina Penelope McEntyre
John Ritchie McKee
Arthur Lawrence McLean
Edith Marion McLenegan
Madeline Vada McMahon
Faye Dickinson Miller
Hobart Miller
Marc Frederick Miller
Thelma Mae Miller
Vera Virginia Mitchell
Alberto Octavio Montijo
Everett Gillis Morgan
Ruth Morrish
Scully William Muldoon
Casler Moore Burton
Arthur Thomas Callahan
Muriel Margaret Cameron
Dorothy Eveland Carter
Lorene Eugenie Carver
Robert Wallace Chalmers
James Forrest Cobb, Jr.
Donald Bennallack Collins
Corena Emogene Daugherty Lucile Meredith Parr
Florence Mary Denham George Parrish
Andrew Ormsby Donogh, Jr. Martha Briggs Person
Ralph Burgess Doughty Josephine Ellis Phillips
lone Lillian Margarete Dres-Hazel Dot Pocok
Howard Murphy
Albert Walfred Nelson
Marguerite Edith Nickel
May Elizabeth Norton
Francis Warren Nunen-
macher
Lloyd Herbert Offield
Owen Meredith Paine
den
Muriel Drury
Juliet Panora Durney
Albert Hiatt Dutton
Edna Ruth Dyer
Azel Edwin Erikson
Ivyn Irving Farwell
Winifred .Jeanette Ferris
Willie Caines Fisher
Rachel Avis Fitch
Dorothy Flynn
Ethel Belle Powell
Eva Smith Pressley
Carl Davidson Price
Janet Ethel Pushie
Marion Edith Rahill
Hanna Rahtjen
Myrtle Ranlett
Helen Chase Reed
Maude Mildred Replogle
Fred Reuben Richardson
Agnes Roddy Robb
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
169
Mary Margaret Cecelia FoleyRonald Squire Robinson
Florence Lillian Foot Evangeline Marie Rocha
Ruth Wade Foster Ethel Lucile Rudolph
Wilbur Mark Madison Fow-Alice Arthureta Sanderson
den
Delmar James Frazier
Mindella Harriet Friedman
Ruth Marjorie Frohliger
Ruth Elizabeth Gassaway
Jeannette Natalie Gay
Elsie Eva Geary
Marion Taber Sanderson
Virginia Somes Sanderson
Leslie Bernard Schlingheyde
Ernest Schulze
Lois Edna Shafer
Margaret Gwendolyn Shaw
Elsie Mae Sinnock
Winifred Margaret Godfrey Emma Skaale
John William Good
John James Gordon
Irene Lillian Goudey
Gladys Griffin
Frank Gustavson, Jr.
Joseph Hale
Helen Josephine Hambly
Margaret Hansen
Harvey Hardison
Hazel Russell Heard
Helen Dorothy Heiser
Clifford Farley Henderson
Earl Hamilton Hiller
Katherine Maybelle Hitch-
cock
Irvine Wilson Hollister
Earl Leigh Holman
Norma Christine Houston
Josephine Hoyt
Bervice Hubbard
Marjorie Huxley
Queenie Maude Smale
Ruth Elaine Smiley
Helen Smyth
Rosamund Pauline Soo-Hoo
Maud Phillips Speir
John Henry Spohn, Jr.
Saidee Sutherland
Harry Allan Sproul
Frank Rawson Steele
Edwyn French Steen
Heber Spencer Steen
Carroll Vincent Stein
Lillian Steindorff
Eleanor Charlotte Stille
Lois Rowena Stonesifer
Marjorie Isabelle Stuart
Arnold Valentine Stuben-
rauch, Jr.
Earl Alfred Sykes
Harold Bertram Symes
Laurence Wilson Taylor
Madeleine Gertrude Jackson Robert Ladley Taylor
Margaret Agnes Jackson
Edward Moss Jaffa
George Daryl Jewett
Olive Johnson
Sabena Elizabeth Johnson
Carrie Bertha Jones
Callie Jungck
Arthur Worcester Kidder
Donald Linn Kieffer
Frederick William Kiessig
Margaret LaBaree
Harriette Margaret Teter
Howard Winthrop Turner
Susan Davis Tuttle
Irene Amelda Van Kirk
Helen Lucile Vazeille
Violet Victoria Vincent
James Paul Warren
Margaret Sutherland War-
v^^ick
Mildred Alta Watson
Gertrude Watts
Harriet Frances Weil
Robert Henry Landgrebe
Eliot Frost Duncan Landon Sol Iliff Wenrich
Cecil Arthur Lathrap Marjorie Clarke White
Winifred Maude Lillie Carl Walter Wikander
Elton Page Lincoln Roy Oliver Williams
170
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Harry Calvin Lind
Caleb Harold Lindquist
Mary Edith Lipman
Mary Jane Love
Commercial Certificate.
Marilla Margaret Williams
Allene Avery Wilson
Beatrice Vesta Winder
Catherine Helene Woolsey
Joachim Eugene Zander
December, 1914
Adelaide Martin Adams
Kathleen Agnew
Naomi Blanche Aguirre
Harry Christie Aitken
Jack Little Avery
Marian L. Barber
Albert Lyman Beardsley
Alma Caroline Berude
Marie Elizabeth Beukers
William Fisher Brewster
Joseph Nightingale Caine
Edith Carlton
Burton Kenneth Carr
Paul Clay
Cecilia Katherine Daniels
Elise Detrick
Mildred Elam
Winella Everett
Isabelle Fiselbrand
James Randall Eraser
August John Galan
Harold Winslow^ Gallison
Norman Sterne Gallison
Margurettia Hazel George
Hazel Selby Glasgow
Beatrice Huscroft Glocker
Florence Josephine Gray
Gladys Margarette Griffin
Rebecca West Hammond
Matilda May Hein
Marion Elise Herrmann
James Edward Holbrook
Katherine Holmes
Maurice Loyal Huggins
Carl Edson Jefferson
Mabel Irene Job
Clarence Lancelot Johnson
Harris Crozer Kirk
Dorothea Langguth
Donald Caroll Lawton
Merle Lillie
Leon Ferrer Lorenzo
Gertrude Maxfield
Allen Kier McGrath
Lulu McMains
Walter Stewart McManus
Marie Miller
Francis J. Moon
Vera Frances Morse
William George Neil
Mary Norton Ord
Vivian Costroma Osborne
Louis Earl Paltenghi
Ruth Anna Pearson
Vivienne Deette Pettit
Samuel Albert Pinkerton
Bertram Pierre Puckett
Maion Edith Rahill
Hester Evelyn Reynolds
John Cogswell Sammi
Lemuel Dalton Sanderson
Edward Milo Seaman, Jr.
Kathryn Martin Sherwood
Ethelwynne Sites
Harold Flagler Smith
Clay Hanlin Sorrick
Fred Stephens
Marion Margaret Stewart
Howard Lloyd Sutherland
Wellington Treat Switzer
Mary Tudor
William Ewing Waste
Victor Llewellyn Wells, Jr.
Dorothy Wendrich
Percy Esmond Weymouth
Donald Gardiner Wharton
Helen Gertrude White
George Frederick Whitworth
Stephen Arthur, Wight
Aliene Wilkes
Violette Stitt Wilson
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
171
Commercial Certificates.
Marion Evelyn Carthorne Gilda Ada Esmond
June, 1915
Ruth Averill
Ella Cole Barrows
Ruth Dewing Barry
Julia A. Benjamin
Irma Leone Bennett
Albert George Biehl
Louise Emeline Bigelow
Myrtle Constance Bixby
Dorothy Blacker
Marion Meredith Bogle
Jessie Caroline Boles
Lyman Grosvenor BoUes
Frances Latham Bolton
Margaret Sara Bonner
Mary Magdalene Brooks
Elaine Violet Buckland
Dorothy Aileen Calef
Mabel Clare Canavan
Isidoro Cereghino
Caroline Esther Chase
Earle Graham Coleman
Roger Nugent Conant
Kathryn Cook
Helen Frances Cooley
Oliver William Cordz
Grace Cornwall
Gladys Mildred Cowen
Dorothy Critzer
Eleanor Crofts
Thomas Robert Crosby
Myra Anna Daggett
Audrey May Davies
Dorothy Park Davis
Mary Valerie de Kay
Charlotte M. Dingley
May Dornin
Clark Crowell Dresser
Frank Ward Durgin, Jr.
Violet Garbrella Eastman
Vivian Sophie Edwards
Margaret Chaires Ellis
John Farrell
Ada Jewett Fish
Edwin Ashton Flinn
James Anthony Folger
Ralph Aldom Frost, Jr.
Katherine Amanda Lord
Cecilia Marie Macdougald
Louis William Macdougald
Helen Marr
Muriel Erma McDonald
Philura Adelaide McGovern
Harold Ernest McGowan
Mabel Elizabeth McGrath
Warren Thomas McGrath
Donald Graham McKay
Dora McKinlay
Rommey Mellen
George William Moore, Jr.
Hollis Edith Moore
Gwendolyn Bishop Morris
Raymond Henry Muenter
Dorothy Munro
Melvin Donnel Murphey
Helen Vernette Myers
Raymond Irving Nevin
Dorotea Alicia Newell
Elizabeth May Nutting
George James O'Brien
Beatrice Paine
Mildred Palmer
Edgar Earle Parry
Esther Patterson
Virgil Ansyl Pausch
Edward Philip Pendleton
Anna Helen Petersen
Anna Peterson
Clara Poppic
Fred Cleave Potter
Katherine Pratt
Elsie Vivian Prosser
Lee Julian Purnell
James Clarence Raphael
Ruth Eva Reynolds
Alice Brinley Rickey
Lois Jeanne Rogers
Fern Rolph
Alice Hobbs Sanderson
Helen Louise Schieck
Clarence Floyd Seavy
Martin Russell Sellers
Pearl Alberta Shewman
1?2
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Katherine Webb Gibbs
Shorman William Gibbs
Orrin Henry Gibson
Lawrence Leland Gott
Donald Munson Gregory
Le Roy Walter Hahn
Parker Hall
Julia Hannas
Aura Delphina Hardison
Llewellyn Gilmore Haskell
Eutrenie Irene Haynes
Mary Wallace Healy
Perry ^I. Heard
Lillian Johanna Hegerty
Muriel Henderson
Faith Hewes
Teresa Hihn
Charles Frances Honeywell
Elmer Knapp Hood
Inez Juanita Hoover
Dorothy Eleanor Hope
Esther Gertrude Hayles Sit-
tig
Arthur Mazson Smith, Jr.
Bradford Bixby Smith
Dorothy Sears Smith
Faye Smith
Morton Bailey Smith
Marybeth Stairs
Carolyn Steel
Jack Lorenz Stein
Henriette Widmer Steinegger
John Archer Stewart
Matthew Williams Stirling
Katherine Stone
Richard August Stumm
Marion Sutton
Anna Chapin Sylvester
John P. Symes
George Tays
Carrie Templeton
Edward Vernon Tenney
Josephine Isabelle Hornung William Paul Thomas
Berkeley Howell
Ethel Howell
EfFa Lois Hoyt
Walter Douglas Hubbard
Eugene Field Hull
Marion Brewster Jones
Lester Murta Johnson
Anne Harriet Kelsey
Ruth Naomi Kelsey
Perry Kittredge
Albert John Reid Lambert
Winifred Joyce Lee
Ernest Samuel Leslie
Ethel Vera Lightfoot
John Floyd Long
Frances Tracy Thompson
Velva Evodene Thompson
Lucy Helen Vance
Dolores Garnett Waldorf
Leontine Edith Wallace •
John Victor Wallen
Victoria Warwick
Helen Wehe
Gerald Dixon Welch
Glenn Anthony Wessels
Charlotte Elizabeth Wilder
Thornton Niven Wilder
Annabelle Wood
Zelma Lulu Wyatt
Robert Henry Young
December, 1915
Joseph Copley Alter
Winifred Arbulich
Grace Holland Arlett
Ward Dwight Armstrong
Pablo Sonido Azcueta
Amy Linquist
Alva Lucas
Hale Luff
Alice Macgregor
Alfred Warren McClaskey
Madeline Becker
Wallace Johnstone
Milton William Landgrebe
Virginia Lane
Dorothy M. Leary
Helen Valeria Lester
Beatrice McClaskey
Frank McKechnie
Grace Mitchell
Donald Lambert Morris
Raymond Morrison
John Muldoon, Jr.
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
173
Carolyn Jane Bolles
Jane Bonner
Thomas Hall Boyd
Walter Brigdon
Edia Esther Broman
Austin Adair Brown
Bayard Buckham
Woodbury Lee Bunnell
Bhupendra Nath Bysack
Haral Cobb
Adelaide Conro
John Elliott Cook
Myrle Josephine Cowan
Ruth Emily Cruess
Douglas Denton Crystal
Leo Bernard Dattlebaum
Stella Davis
Franklin Bergson Doyle
Herbert Lincoln Edgar
Donna Belle Ellen
Charlotte Jeannette Froh-
liger
Hellen Lucy Frye
Ellen Margaret Gall
George Henry Godfrey
Henry William Grady
May Agnes Gruber
Frank Hargear
Lewis Gregory Harrier
Clara Mabel Harrington
Kathleen Hayden
William Dennis Heafey
Norman Heinz
Edith May Hight
Ethel Hofmann
Marjorie Snow Hopkins
Edward Bright Hussey, Jr.
Douglas Hutton
Clarence Arthur Jenks
Commercial Certificates.
Alphonse C. Anderson Kenneth Frantz Fenton
Hazel Gertrude Atthowe
Homer Nichols
Randolph Rexford Nickerson
Helen June Offield
Eugenie Roberta Paine
Lucile Eolienne Paine
Francis Corinne Painter
Walter Cecil Patchett
Esther Foster Pearson
Stanley Mitchell Persons
Mildred Spencer Ponting
Shirley Everrett Porter
Margaret Alice Queen
Van Robertson
Ruth Robinson
Priscilla Evangeline Rugg
Martha Alice Runckel
Gerald Barlow Schuyler
Cassius Elliott Seaman
Dean Goodwin Searls
Madeline Waite Shaw
Ruth Chapman Sheldon
Arthur Herbert Sinnock
Esther Margaret Stephens
Fern Isabel Stuart
Wilson Beighle Taylor
Olive Margaret Texdahl
Margaret Alice Thaxter
Katherine Towle
Ferdinand George Trescher
Marjory Tuttle
Norman McFarlane Ure
Percy Whitten
Aletta Blanche Wickham
Orville Myers Wight
Arthur H. Wallace Wilde
Harold Edward Williams
Olin Melvin Wilson
Carol Wright
June, 1916.
Douglas Carryl Aitken
Helen Allison
Feliza Esther Alvarez
Ethel Ames
Elinor Atchison
Mildred Margaret Mac-
Knight
Frances Virginia Mains
Rose Helena Martin
Edith Maud Maslin
174
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Lloyd Austin
Leola Marion Barbiel
Clara Barnes
Roy Calleau Bateman
Erl Beaman
Margaret Dorothy Beck
Grace Georgia Becker
Edna Bisson
Marion Louise Blankinship
Pauline Georgia Borradaile
Robert Ezra Bowen
Charles Lee Boman
Alfred Horace Brown
Lawrence Brown
Thelma Irene Brown
Agnes Bryant
Hildreth Mosher Caldwell
Elbridge Miles Cantelow
Etta Lucille Cardwell
Florence Chalmers
Monroe Chappelear
Alfred Clement, Jr.
Pauline Estelle Combs
Earle Raymond Converse
Raymond Winter Cortelyou
Catharine Virginia Cox
Thorburn James Cumber-
patch
Rowena Greenwood Daugh-
erty
Arthur Ronald Davies
George Davis
Basil Robert Denbigh
Laura Estrella deVeuve
Ethel Lois Dobner
Dorothy Dale Dowdell
Agnes Frances Downing
Eva Janet Dresser
Bernice Eardley
Margaret Eberts
Ruth Ysabelle Finney
Marian Alice Fisher
Southard Tolchard Flynn
Paul Francis
Cornelia Harriet Frick
Francis Daniel Frost, Jr.
Carl Frunk
Oscar LeRoy Garlichs
Myrtle Gile
Joseph Glazer
Aileen Patricia Mason
Cecil Calvert Mathews
Harold Mathews
Wallace Taylor McAfee
George Roy McCord
Gavien Floyd McCuUagh
Lucille Myrtle McDuff
Edward Chester McLaughlin
Nell McLaughlin
Charles Elwood Meek
Gertrude Meikle
Dorothy Dalrymple Meredith
Lawrence Merriam
Madalyn Miller
Marion Josephine Mills
Mary Belle Mills
Myrtle Mitchell
William Douglas Montgo-
mery
Lucy Moore
Fearing Henry Morris
Agnes Young Morton
Cecil Mosbacher
Hester Florence Myers
Thomas Warren Nevin
Edward August Nickel
Irene O'Brien
Irvin Hope Orear
Maxine Josephine Oroszco
Mildred Bell Owens
Leila Evelyn Paine
Burnett Park
Jessie Sutherland Patton
Eugene Robinson Paul
Fred Owen Pearce
Helen Peet
Violet Evelyn Pender
Philip Persons
Ruth Gilbert Persons
Irma Claire Pfitzer
Harriet Elizabeth Phillips
Harold Hathaway Plummer,
Jr.
Arthur Elliott Ponting
Arthur Andrew Priest
Lillian Rampendahl
Winslow Haskell Randall
Beatrice Capitola Reynolds
Claude Preston Richard
Dorothy Richardson
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
175
Evelyn Theresa Golly
Lena May Gordon
Paul Henry Goss
Genevieve Grady
Inga Berfr Gravem
Frank Harold Graves, Jr.
Alyce Mary Green
Katharyn Boyce Green
Walter Geraldson Griffiths
Esther Luelia Guthrie
John Herbert Walter Haber-
kom
John Bruce Hamilton
Laura Hanlon
Orpha Elvira Haugen
Cecil Jerome Hawkins
Edwin Heinz
Bonnie Leota Himes
Harold Kelso Hirst
Mervil Hiscox
Richard Hiscox
Bernice Mayrie Hobson
Gerald Whitney Hollings-
worth
Mildred Hollis
Joseph Folger Holmes
Dorothy Hopping
Florence Euphemia Horton
Fred William Houston
Herbert Sanford Howard, Jr
Placie Margaret Howard
Gladys Ethel Humphrey
Augusta Hunrick
Katherine Amelia Huseman
May Riki Iki
Elizabeth May Jenks
John Herschel Jessup
Barbara Jones
Edmund Jussen, Jr.
Helen Anna Kearney
Anna Pauline Kennedy
Ralph Shepard Kerr
Ruth Vivienne Kidwell
Ruth Kinell
Thomas Harris Larke, Jr.
Dorothy Burnett Lawton
Wallace Hilton Leland
Lilian Mary Liddell
Frank Farnsworth Lind
Crittenden A. Loveland
Orlo Albert Robinson
Frank Robison
Rolla Hazen Robison
Fredericka Martha Rossow
Maynard Arthur Rotermund
Helen Rust
Gorham Dehy Sanderson
Helen Louise Saylor
George Burbridge Scheer
Leroy Schoening
■Charles Andrcani Shaw
Marie Antoinette Siler
Walter Louis Sisson
Arthur John Skaale
Lucille May Slade
Gaylord Sterling Smith
Elsie Irene Smither
Alice Virginia Songey
Mildred Taylor Squired
Myrtle Winnefred Steen
Abigail Stevens
Jennie Eldred Strieker
Lydia Marie Svoboda
Myrtle Christine Texdahl
Hubert Robert Thornburgh
Anita Lois Underwood
Randolph Van Nostrand
Kenneth Stevens Van Strum
Phillis Clarissa Van Strum
Bernice Walker *
Lois Vivian Walker
George Herbert Warren
Vincent H. Watterick
Marian Helen Weed
Mabel Carolyn Welch
Margaret Bethany Westen-
berg
Dorothy Whiting
Pauline Wilkinson
Higbee Williams
Kenneth Alston Williams
Helen Jenella Williamson
Sybil Rideout Willis
Waltham Rideout Willis
Alice Muirhead Wilson
Vera Lee Wilson
Alda Leora Wood
Jonathan Garrard Wright
Paul Wucher
Cameron Ellsworth Wylie
176
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Eleanor Marie Lux Russell Ringo Yates
Robert Dorsey Maclay Foon Tong Young
Commercial Certificates.
Mabel Emma Dustin Stella F. Engquist
December 15, 1916
Robert Foster Aitken
Helen Clark Arnold
Clarissa Edith Ayer
Richard Edward Ayres
Alice Baxley
Esther Elaine Beaman
Katharine Alice Benjamin
Cecil Alvin Best
Helen William Bicknell
Wynn Fred Blaisdell
Ruth Walsworth Bosley
DeLano Amasa Brown
Alice Pauline Brunk
Mildred Helen Buckius
Albert Ernest Bunker
Mary Marguerite Carver
Thomas Chalmers
Charles Cobb
Anita Alexander Courtney
Edward Percival Coxhead
Mervyn King Crow
Hilma Davis
Galena Louise Day
Charles Earl
Robert Cortlandt Ellis
Helen Marie Fliege
Viva Flower
Fon Kew Gee
Madeline Grady
Helen Graves
Edwin Daniel Greer
Wales Averill Haas
Helen Aphra Hammond
Helen Jane McCreary
Norah McCuIlough
Marie Ruth McDonald
Merle Helen McGrath
Martin Cyril McGuire
Roy Marston McHale
Ellen Synphrose Minall
Madge Leona Muncy
Frank Linden Naylor, Jr.
Mildred Edith Nichols
Thomas Keyser Oliver
Elizabeth Osberne von Pfis-
ter Oxnam
Weldon Manning Parker
Alan Roy Parrish
Thomas Pearson
Eda Charlotte Peterson
Enid Irene Place
Vere Violet Pocock
Grace Genevieve Power
Ida Margaret Preiss
John Floyd Price
Leslie Irving Quick
Mabel Elizabeth Rendahl
Mary Frances Ritson
Myrtle Ellen Rodehaver
Henry Wilkins Rustin
Robert McBride Saylor
Carl Milford Schiller
Celiz Alwynne Scudder
Dorothy Winifred Seabury
Mildred Harriet Simonds
Ruth Lorraine Simpson
Emerson Douglas HarringtonAndrew Soo-Hoo
Edith Adlington Heywood Herbert Allen Stanton
Harold Benjamin Hobson
Andrew Albert Hogan
Mary Eleanor Hughes
Vivian Anna Hurst
Hilda Dangny Hvall
Kaehakoni Emily Ingham
Minnie Milimili Ingham
Helen Courtenay Ingram
Ruth Fanchon Jackson
Margaret Lillian Stein
Dorothy Kent Stemm
Edna Catherine Stephens
Ruth Caroline Stevenson
Beatrice May St. John
Muriel Helen Storms
May Sutcliffe
Lois Elizabeth Uren
Joseph von Ende
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
177
Alfredo Samson Jose
Helen Grace Keith
George Powers Kelsey, Jr.
Russell Allen Kern
William Hugh-Ming Liang
Lora Isabelle Lind
Eva Linney
Harvey Lawrence Livingston
Edward George Mahoney
Florence Malloch
Alvin Clifford Maybeck
Edwin James McCord
Gladys May Wallace
Harvey Klaus Ward
Mary Martha Watts
Richard Grenell Weeks
Leicester Henry Williams
Robb Roy Young
Virginia Cecelia Young
Commercial Certificates.
Hazel Isabel Anderson
Margaret Maria Gloor
Fred Henry Werner
June
Beatrice Anderson
Ruth Marie Arnold
Janice Milbrun Atchison
Stephen H. Babcock, Jr.
Constance Mary Bachrach
Jane Alice Bachrach
Thelma Naomi Badgley
Dorothea Emma Bannister
Ralph Kenneth Barker
Margaret Beatrice Bean
Marguerite Lucy Bennett
Katherine Graydon Bieden
bach
Victor Allen Bigelow
Lola Lanier Blankenship
Howard Frederick Bohnet
Rachel Isabelle Bretherton
Octavine M. Buchenery
Elizabeth Burke
Dorothy Beharrell Carey
Albert T. Carlisle
Beth Cereghino
John Foote Chaddock
Dwight W. Chapman
Julia M. I. Charnock
Inez Irene Clark
Lois M. Clark
Naylor Elmer Cole
Martha June Coleman
Elizabeth Gary Collins
Wilda Alma Connell
Edward Lewis Culin, Jr.
Robert Kennedy Cutter
Ailing Davis
Franc Willard DeLong
Sydney Demarest
, 1917
Lawrence Mah
Daniel Stephen Marovich
George Leggett Marvin
Wallen White Maybeck
Edna Frances Maynes
Minora Ellis McCabe
Ruey Marion McCreary
Elsie Theodora McGovern
Rolla R. McMillin
Helen Merrill
Olive Louise Merrill
Leonore Morris
Lois Elaine Morris
Ralph W. Mortenson
Herbert Charles Mulvany
Alma D. Newell
Amy Jane Newsom
Edith Alvord Newton
Ada Minnie North
Ida Norton
Edgar David O'Brien
Kelsey Joseph Olds
Carolyn Annette Page
Miriam Parker
James Emmons Pember-
ton, Jr.
Jeanne Francoise Perroset
Carolyn Petch
Ruth Louisa Pinkerton
Marian Pollard
Ernestine Porter
Frances Clementine Pottle
Marie Monnette Preiss
Evelyn Gifford Pullen
Melba Louise Randall
Cora Read
178
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Dorothea Alice Easton
Herbert Eckley
Marion Larimore Elliott
Frances Audrey Fender
Charles D. Folsom, Jr.
Joseph Alfred Forsburg
Arthur Charles Foss
Alfred Sheldon Fraga
Rubv Irene Friedman
Delia Beverly Gilbert
Kathleen Rowland Glasgow
Ruth Gompertz
Henry George Good
Donald Fiske Grant
Thomas Jugo Gutierrez
Harry Bishop Hambly, Jr.
Mildred Lee Harkey
Scott B. Harrington
Verda Loraine Harrison
Mabel Armstrong Hays
Anne Elizabeth Hegerty
Georgia J. Herbert
Frances Fern Hicks
William Hillman
Gertrude Holland
Abe Horvitz
Charles Houghton Howard
Hazel Irene Huber
Helen Huggins
Mildred Huggins
Georgia Loraine Hughes
Zelda Olivette Hulse
Everard Hunt
Ethel Louise Irvine
Otto J. Jacobsen
Susan Jameyson
Mabel Elvera Johnson
Octavia Ruth Johnson
Rufus William Johnson
Wallace Franklin Kenny
Neva Katherine Kimberlin
Elsie E. Kitzmiller
Theodore Temple Knappen
Adolph E. Koechlin
Peter D. Krstich
Florence Ethel Lang
Olga Marie Larsen
Cecile LeConte
Louis Julian LeConte, Jr.
Isabel Norah Ledyard
Elsie Reed
Essie Annabelle Richardson
Mildred Mabel Root
Athelstane Kirtland Sackett
Robert David Salzberger
Friedeborg Margaretta Sam-
uelson
Evelyn Hyde Sanderson
Georgia Sauer
Charles Wilbur Savage, Jr.
Alice May Schilling
Hugh Edward Schilling
Dorothy Emma Schraut
Alice Elizabeth Searby
William McCallum Seely
Mildred Charlotte Sellars
Margaret Ladeane Shattuck
Gladys Claire Shelley
Frank Decker Siegrist
Luella Skidmore
Gladys Eloise Smiley
Alma Tangier Smith
Anna Anita Smith
Margaret Wyman Smith
Myrta Holland Smith
Reuben William Smith
Lily Smabelle Soo-Hoo
Gladys Alpha Stephens
Erma Stewart
Lydia Hazel Stewart
Philip M. Stone
Isabella Jane Taylor
Alice Louise Thomas
Elanor Tingman
Emma Catherine Tomwye
Constance Margaret Topping
Ruth Treadwell
Ruth Uren
Myron C. Van Haren
Nellie D. Van Benschoten
Creed Vazeille
Estha Voorhees
Margaret Rebecca Walker
Ora Cecil Watkins
Ruth Cornelia Welch
Ruth Ackerly Westervelt
Evelyn Marie White
Virginia Elizabeth White
Lucile Cleaveland Whiting
Dorothy Grace Willett
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
179
Constance E. Lilley Louise Herman Wolters
Mervyn Harbey Lozier Mary Eloise Woods
Margaret Grenngo Lyman Davis Wooley
Claudia Agnes Macdonald William Edward Zander, Jr.
Christian Moller Madsen
Commercial Certificates
Margaret Banker Dewey Golden McClaskey
Leslie Ray Head
December, 1917
Adah Margaret Allen
Leona Alberta Archibald
Alice Augusta Benning
Grace Katherine Beukers
Marjorie Gray Bickley
Charles Jonathan Biddle
Helen Bolton
Gypsy Bernice Bowman
Mary Alice Brown
Edith Eunice Bryant
Bernice Buhrmeister
Flora Marguerite Burns
Horace Button
Philip Randall Calkins
Salvador C. Carbonell
Frances Martha Carson
Sydney Austin Chester
Webster Verner Clark
Beatrice Clough
Lida Evelyn Coe
Sherrill M. Conner
Edith May Cook
Esther Gott Crandall
Galen Cecil Darr
Keith Ellsworth Dennison
Kathryn Dodge
Helen Douglas
Wallace Dean Duffy
Frank Hermon Dunsmore
Anne Edgar
Elmer Edgar
Dorothy May Ellerhorst
Sydney Boutelle Ellis
Clay Dare Farnsworth
Merritt David Finley
Daniel Brooks Fisher
Annabelle Gaw
Josephine Klein Gibbs
Edward Graff
Ruth Alice Greer
Marion Juliet Hunt
Helen Kahinu Ingham
Leslie William Ingram
Harry Andrew Jackson, Jr.
Aileen Raby Jaffa
Donald D. Johnson
Walter Johnson
Martha Justice
Milton Clair Kennedy
Mary Alberta Kirk
Mildred Laird
John Herbert Leisure
Marjorie Elizabeth LeMay
Arthur Cecil Lewis
Eleanor Harriet Livingston
Mansfield Lovell, Jr.
Frances McHenry
Phyllis Merrill Mcintosh
Maybelle Jean Meece
Theodore Merrill
Alice Katherine Miller
Beatrice Romayne Miller
Charlotte Evelyn Miller
Howard Owen Moore
Richard C. Moore
Frances DeKay Morris
Marian Myers
Dorothy Marie Palmer
Karl W. Ponsi
Waldemar Andrew Ponsi
Lawson Victor Poss
Ethel Genevieve Quick
Rolfe Corne Rathbone
Madeline Robinson
Naomi Catherine Rolfes
Doris Eleene Sawyer
Weston Harold Settlemier
Josephine Sevier
Ida Aleen Simpson
Ruth Estelle Sorrick
180
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
Hall McAllister Griffiths
Miriam Griffiths
Margraret Grimshaw
Harriet Geraldine Guy
Alfred Edward Hall
Josephine Helen Halverson
Hannah Muriel Harter
Jeannette Harter
Marvin Perry Hays
Freda Heilemann
Revere Ulrich Hofstetter
William Horstmann
Frank William Hubbard
Commercial
Karen Inger Cloos
May,
Charles Robert Abrams
Parker Frederic Allen
Donna Louise Anderson
Martha Viola Anderson
Muriel Marp^aret Arnold
John Hamilton Ashley
Mary Annvonette Bates
Adam Carl Beyer
Beatrice Barbara Bovo
Virfjinia Rose Boyle
Esther May Brady
Aupusta Ufflow Breed
Editha Winifred BroMm
Lester Edw^ard Browning
Eleanor Frances Calnen
Donald A. Carey
Rov Edwin Chanslor
Edith May Ching
T. Dolliver Church
Kenneth Conner
Roy M. Converse
Luoile Stewart Cooper
Robert Edwin Cornish
Genevieve La Verne Cox
Harold W. Crockett
Marion Agnes Crosbie
Dick Tyng Dang
Herbert E. Daube
Aletha Elizabeth Deitrick
Fred H. Dempster
Inez Virginia Dorsey
Marjorie Evelyn Doyle
Otis Peabody Dyar
Frederick Melvin Stamper
Arthur St. Clair
Grace Veronica Sullivan
Ethel Sutton
Esther Albertina Thoren
Helen Trevor
Aida Wanda Verdi
Roy Milton Wayland
Mary Isabelle Warwick
Jean Mcintosh Waste
Kenneth Lloyd Williams
Florine Claire Wurkheim
Certificates.
Grace Mary Dean
1918
Livia La Baree
Judith Elizabeth Lee
Arthur Leonard
Helen Lightner
Volberg Linnea Lundberg
Walter Maas
Lula Raphael Madison
Anne Venice Marovich
Martha Lillian Matthews
Robert McHenry
Gertrude Marian McKain
Edith Mary Meal
Prasiddhi Menasvetta
Willa May Middlehoflf
Faith Farrington Milliken
Catherine G. Moore
John Paul Moore
Clara Eileen Murphey
Elizabeth Agnes Murphy
Marie Louise Myers
Mary Margaret Newsom
Frank B. Norton, Jr.
Norman Robert Olson
Ralph K. Paine
Louise Park
Lyell Hale Parker
George Harold Payne
Morris B. Pendleton
Elsa Galloway Peoples
Eleonore Ida Petersen
Harry F. Petersen
Meta Theodora Petersen
Dorothy Nell Redfield
HISTORY OF THE BERKELEY SCHOOLS
181
Thomas L. Edwards
Mary Elizabeth Eyde
William Joel Forman
Elmer Arnold E. Forsstrom
Pauline Pendleton Gaines
Carl Y. Geiser
George Edward Gilchrist
Esther Gustavia Gilkey
Wickes Edward Glass
Myrtle Dales Glenn
Viola Fishbourne Grady
LeRoy Hanscom
Modest Oreathial Richardson
William Cyril Ries
Theodora Kathleen Robertson
Edwin Ross
Henry Magee Rossiter
Scott Roebuck Ruby
Dorothy Huldah Sawyer
Elbert Ivan Schiller
Laurelda Cecille Schmidt
Paula M. Schoningh
Ruth M. Scotford
Mary Carol Seabury
Gertrude Frances HarringtonDorothy Helen Seaton
Carlton A. Haviland
Alpheus George Haws
Freda Carolina Hein
Dorothy Steen Henderson
Marjorie Herrmann
Abe L. Hesselberg
Marguerite Irene Hinds
Harriett Louise Holden
Agnes Horton
Edwin Douglas Hosselkus
James Alexander Hurry
William Dolman Inskeep
Howard W. Irwin
Marguerite Claire Irwin
Sara Ruth Jackman
Robert W. Jacque
Thomas Russell Jamieson
George Wheeler Jensen
Dorothy Courtier Keep
Donald Kitzmiller
Anna Marie Knoop
Commercial Certificate.
Enid Estudillo Beebee
James Harding Sewell
Lucile W. Sleeper
Charles Sheridan Smith
Donald Albert Smith
Rhea Lorena Olivette Smith
Frederick Keagle Spurrier
Dorothy Evelyn Staats
Margaret Stewart
Walter Oliver St. John
Ernestine Kealoha Taggard
Mary Louise Thatcher
George Thomson
Dorothy Todd
Fredron Wycoff Uren
Grace Uren
Kiyo Uyeyama
Harold Reynolds Warner
Rose Wise
Viola LeRay Wittner
Charles Edward Woodworth
<> 6«
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
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